Wikipedia ffwiki https://ff.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hello_ja%C9%93%C9%93orgo MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.7 first-letter Media Special Talk User User talk Wikipedia Wikipedia talk File File talk MediaWiki MediaWiki talk Template Template talk Help Help talk Category Category talk TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk 4 2039 175629 174481 2026-06-22T13:57:22Z Sannita (WMF) 8823 /* Invitation to participate in Abstract Wikipedia pilot */ new section 175629 wikitext text/x-wiki __NEWSECTIONLINK__ * '''ff:''' * '''en:''' Requests for the [[m:bot|bot]] flag should be made on this page. This wiki uses the [[m:bot policy|standard bot policy]], and allows [[m:bot policy#Global_bots|global bots]] and [[m:bot policy#Automatic_approval|automatic approval of certain types of bots]]. Other bots should apply below, and then [[m:Steward requests/Bot status|request access]] from a steward if there is no objection. Archives: [[:Special:PrefixIndex/Wikipedia:Damugal renndo/|ici]]. == The 2022 Community Wishlist Survey will happen in January == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> Hello everyone, We hope all of you are as well and safe as possible during these trying times! We wanted to share some news about a change to the Community Wishlist Survey 2022. We would like to hear your opinions as well. Summary: <div style="font-style:italic;"> We will be running the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey|Community Wishlist Survey]] 2022 in January 2022. We need more time to work on the 2021 wishes. We also need time to prepare some changes to the Wishlist 2022. In the meantime, you can use a [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey/Sandbox|dedicated sandbox to leave early ideas for the 2022 wishes]]. </div> === Proposing and wish-fulfillment will happen during the same year === In the past, the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Tech|Community Tech]] team has run the Community Wishlist Survey for the following year in November of the prior year. For example, we ran the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2021|Wishlist for 2021]] in November 2020. That worked well a few years ago. At that time, we used to start working on the Wishlist soon after the results of the voting were published. However, in 2021, there was a delay between the voting and the time when we could start working on the new wishes. Until July 2021, we were working on wishes from the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2020|Wishlist for 2020]]. We hope having the Wishlist 2022 in January 2022 will be more intuitive. This will also give us time to fulfill more wishes from the 2021 Wishlist. === Encouraging wider participation from historically excluded communities === We are thinking how to make the Wishlist easier to participate in. We want to support more translations, and encourage under-resourced communities to be more active. We would like to have some time to make these changes. === A new space to talk to us about priorities and wishes not granted yet === We will have gone 365 days without a Wishlist. We encourage you to approach us. We hope to hear from you in the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Talk:Community Wishlist Survey|talk page]], but we also hope to see you at our bi-monthly Talk to Us meetings! These will be hosted at two different times friendly to time zones around the globe. We will begin our first meeting '''September 15th at 23:00 UTC'''. More details about the agenda and format coming soon! === Brainstorm and draft proposals before the proposal phase === If you have early ideas for wishes, you can use the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey/Sandbox|new Community Wishlist Survey sandbox]]. This way, you will not forget about these before January 2022. You will be able to come back and refine your ideas. Remember, edits in the sandbox don't count as wishes! === Feedback === * What should we do to improve the Wishlist pages? * How would you like to use our new [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey/Sandbox|sandbox?]] * What, if any, risks do you foresee in our decision to change the date of the Wishlist 2022? * What will help more people participate in the Wishlist 2022? Answer on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Talk:Community Wishlist Survey|talk page]] (in any language you prefer) or at our Talk to Us meetings. </div> [[user:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|SGrabarczuk (WMF)]] ([[user talk:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|talk]]) 7 Siilto 2021 à 00:23 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:SGrabarczuk (WMF)@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=21980442 --> == Call for Candidates for the Movement Charter Drafting Committee ending 14 September 2021 == <div lang="fr" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content"/>L'équipe de la Stratégie du Mouvement annonce [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement_Charter/Drafting_Committee|l'appel à candidatures pour le Comité de rédaction de la Charte du Mouvement]]. L'appel s'ouvre le 2 août 2021 et se termine le 14 septembre 2021. Le Comité est censé représenter [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement_Charter/Drafting_Committee/Diversity_and_Expertise_Matrices|diversité dans le Mouvement]]. La diversité comprend le genre, la langue, la géographie et l'expérience. Cela comprend la participation aux projets, aux affiliés et la Fondation Wikimedia. Il n'est pas nécessaire de maîtriser l'anglais pour devenir membre. Si besoin, une aide à la traduction et à l'interprétation est fournie. Les membres recevront une allocation pour compenser les coûts de participation. Elle est de 100 dollars américains tous les deux mois. Nous recherchons des personnes qui possèdent certaines des [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement_Charter/Drafting_Committee#Role_Requirements|compétences]] suivantes: * Savoir rédiger en collaboration. (une expérience confirmée est un plus) * Être prêts à trouver des compromis. * Se concentrer sur l'inclusion et la diversité. * Avoir une connaissance des consultations communautaires. * Avoir une expérience de la communication interculturelle. * Avoir une expérience de la gouvernance ou de l'organisation dans des organismes à but non lucratif ou des communautés. * Avoir une expérience de la négociation avec différentes parties. Le comité devrait commencer avec 15 personnes. S'il y a 20 candidats ou plus, un processus mixte d'élection et de sélection aura lieu. S'il y a 19 candidats ou moins, alors le processus de sélection sans élection a lieu. Voulez-vous aider à faire avancer Wikimedia dans ce rôle important ? Soumettez votre candidature [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement_Charter/Drafting_Committee#Candidate_State|ici]]. Veuillez contacter strategy2030[[File:At sign.svg|16x16px|link=|(_AT_)]]wikimedia.org pour toute question.<section end="announcement-content"/> </div> [[User:Xeno (WMF)|Xeno (WMF)]] 10 Siilto 2021 à 17:01 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Xeno (WMF)@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Xeno_(WMF)/Delivery/Wikipedia&oldid=22002240 --> == Server switch == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|Read this message in another language]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Tech%2FServer+switch&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}] The [[foundation:|Wikimedia Foundation]] tests the switch between its first and secondary data centers. This will make sure that Wikipedia and the other Wikimedia wikis can stay online even after a disaster. To make sure everything is working, the Wikimedia Technology department needs to do a planned test. This test will show if they can reliably switch from one data centre to the other. It requires many teams to prepare for the test and to be available to fix any unexpected problems. They will switch all traffic back to the primary data center on '''Tuesday, 14 September 2021'''. Unfortunately, because of some limitations in [[mw:Manual:What is MediaWiki?|MediaWiki]], all editing must stop while the switch is made. We apologize for this disruption, and we are working to minimize it in the future. '''You will be able to read, but not edit, all wikis for a short period of time.''' *You will not be able to edit for up to an hour on Tuesday, 14 September 2021. The test will start at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1631628049 14:00 UTC] (07:00 PDT, 10:00 EDT, 15:00 WEST/BST, 16:00 CEST, 19:30 IST, 23:00 JST, and in New Zealand at 02:00 NZST on Wednesday, 15 September). *If you try to edit or save during these times, you will see an error message. We hope that no edits will be lost during these minutes, but we can't guarantee it. If you see the error message, then please wait until everything is back to normal. Then you should be able to save your edit. But, we recommend that you make a copy of your changes first, just in case. ''Other effects'': *Background jobs will be slower and some may be dropped. Red links might not be updated as quickly as normal. If you create an article that is already linked somewhere else, the link will stay red longer than usual. Some long-running scripts will have to be stopped. * We expect the code deployments to happen as any other week. However, some case-by-case code freezes could punctually happen if the operation require them afterwards. This project may be postponed if necessary. You can [[wikitech:Switch_Datacenter|read the schedule at wikitech.wikimedia.org]]. Any changes will be announced in the schedule. There will be more notifications about this. A banner will be displayed on all wikis 30 minutes before this operation happens. '''Please share this information with your community.'''</div></div> [[user:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|SGrabarczuk (WMF)]] ([[user talk:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|<span class="signature-talk">{{int:Talkpagelinktext}}</span>]]) 11 Siilto 2021 à 00:45 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:SGrabarczuk (WMF)@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=21980442 --> == Talk to the Community Tech == [[File:Magic Wand Icon 229981 Color Flipped.svg|{{dir|{{pagelang}}|left|right}}|frameless|50px]] [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey/Updates/2021-09 Talk to Us|Read this message in another language]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Community_Wishlist_Survey/Updates/2021-09_Talk_to_Us&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}] Hello! As we have [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey/Updates|recently announced]], we, the team working on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey|Community Wishlist Survey]], would like to invite you to an online meeting with us. It will take place on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20210915T2300 '''September 15th, 23:00 UTC'''] on Zoom, and will last an hour. [https://wikimedia.zoom.us/j/89828615390 '''Click here to join''']. '''Agenda''' * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2021/Status report 1#Prioritization Process|How we prioritize the wishes to be granted]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey/Updates|Why we decided to change the date]] from November 2021 to January 2022 * Update on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2021/Warn when linking to disambiguation pages|disambiguation]] and the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2021/Real Time Preview for Wikitext|real-time preview]] wishes * Questions and answers '''Format''' The meeting will not be recorded or streamed. Notes without attribution will be taken and published on Meta-Wiki. The presentation (first three points in the agenda) will be given in English. We can answer questions asked in English, French, Polish, and Spanish. If you would like to ask questions in advance, add them [[m:Talk:Community Wishlist Survey|on the Community Wishlist Survey talk page]] or send to sgrabarczuk@wikimedia.org. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:NRodriguez (WMF)|Natalia Rodriguez]] (the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Tech|Community Tech]] manager) will be hosting this meeting. '''Invitation link''' * [https://wikimedia.zoom.us/j/89828615390 Join online] * Meeting ID: 898 2861 5390 * One tap mobile ** +16465588656,,89828615390# US (New York) ** +16699006833,,89828615390# US (San Jose) * [https://wikimedia.zoom.us/u/kctR45AI8o Dial by your location] See you! [[User:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|SGrabarczuk (WMF)]] ([[User talk:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|<span class="signature-talk">{{int:Talkpagelinktext}}</span>]]) 11 Siilto 2021 à 03:03 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:SGrabarczuk (WMF)@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=21980442 --> == Select You the question statements for candidates of Drafting Committee Movement Charter == Into 2021-10-04 11:59:59 UTC you can select [[:m:Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Election Compass Statements|question statements]] for the [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Candidates|candidates]] of [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee|Drafting Committee]] [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement_Charter|Movement Charter]]. ✍️ [[Utilisateur:Dušan Kreheľ|Dušan Kreheľ]] ([[Discussion utilisateur:Dušan Kreheľ|yeewtu]]) 29 Siilto 2021 à 22:16 (UTC) == Le vote pour l'élection des membres du comité de rédaction de la Charte du Mouvement est désormais ouvert == <div lang="fr" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content"/> :''<div class="plainlinks">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/MCDC Voter Email short 12-10-2021|{{int:otherlanguages}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/MCDC Voter Email short 12-10-2021}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]'' Le vote pour l'élection des membres du comité de rédaction de la Charte du Mouvement est désormais ouvert. Au total, 70 Wikimédien.ne.s du monde entier briguent 7 sièges lors de ces élections. '''Le vote est ouvert du 12 au 24 octobre 2021 (partout dans le monde).''' Le comité sera composé de 15 membres au total : les communautés en ligne votent pour 7 membres, 6 membres seront sélectionnés par les affiliés Wikimedia via un processus parallèle et 2 membres seront nommés par la Fondation Wikimedia. L'objectif est de réunir le comité d'ici le 1er novembre 2021. Renseignez-vous sur chaque candidat.e pour éclairer votre vote dans la langue de votre choix : <https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Movement_Charter/Drafting_Committee/Candidates> En savoir plus sur le comité de rédaction : <https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Movement_Charter/Drafting_Committee> Nous testons une application d'opinion de vote pour cette élection. Allez voir dans l'outil et vous verrez quel.le candidat.e se rapproche le plus de vous! Vérifiez sur <https://mcdc-election-compass.toolforge.org/> Lire l'annonce complète : <https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Movement_Charter/Drafting_Committee/Elections> '''Allez voter via SecurePoll sur :''' <https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Movement_Charter/Drafting_Committee/Elections> Bien à vous, l'équipe Stratégie et Gouvernance du mouvement, Wikimedia Foundation <section end="announcement-content"/> </div> [[User:Xeno (WMF)|Xeno (WMF)]] 14 Yarkomaa 2021 à 02:22 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Xeno (WMF)@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Xeno_(WMF)/Delivery/fr&oldid=22176746 --> == Discutez avec l’équipe Technologies communautaires == [[File:Magic Wand Icon 229981 Color Flipped.svg|100px|right]] Bonjour ! Nous, l’équipe travaillant sur la [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey|consultation des souhaits de la communauté]] (CSC), aimerions vous inviter à une réunion en ligne avec nous. Celle-ci aura lieu le [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20211027T1430 '''{{#time:j xg|2021-10-27}} ({{#time:l|2021-10-27}}) à {{#time:H:i e|14:30|fr|1}}'''] sur Zoom et durera une heure. [https://wikimedia.zoom.us/j/83847343544 '''Participer''']. '''Ordre du jour''' * Devenez un ambassadeur de la consultation des souhaits de la communauté (CSC). Aidez-nous à faire parler de la CSC dans votre communauté. * Nouvelles informations pour les souhaits [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2021/Warn when linking to disambiguation pages|Homonymie]] et [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2021/Real Time Preview for Wikitext|Aperçu en temps réel]] * Questions et réponses '''Format''' La rencontre ne sera pas enregistrée ni diffusée en flux. Des notes anonymes seront prises et publiées sur Meta-Wiki. La présentation (tous les points à l’ordre du jour à l’exception des questions et réponses) sera donnée en anglais. Nous pouvons répondre aux questions posées en '''français''', anglais, polonais, espagnol, allemand et italien. Si vous voulez poser une question en avance, vous pouvez l’écrire [[m:Talk:Community Wishlist Survey|sur la page de discussion de la consultation des souhaits de la communauté]] ou l’envoyer à sgrabarczuk@wikimedia.org. Cette réunion sera animée par [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:NRodriguez (WMF)|Natalia Rodriguez]] (la chef de l’équipe [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Tech|Technologies communautaires]]). '''Lien d'invitation''' * [https://wikimedia.zoom.us/j/83847343544 S'inscrire en ligne] * ID de la réunion : <span dir=ltr>83847343544</span> * [https://wikimedia.zoom.us/u/kwDbq4box Numéros de téléphone locaux] Nous espérons vous voir ! [[User:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|SGrabarczuk (WMF)]] ([[User talk:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|talk]]) 22 Yarkomaa 2021 à 23:13 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:SGrabarczuk (WMF)@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:SGrabarczuk_(WMF)/sandbox/MM/Francophones&oldid=20689614 --> == Voici les nouveaux membres du Comité de rédaction de la Charte du Mouvement == <div lang="fr" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content"/> :''<div class="plainlinks">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Elections/Results/Announcement|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Elections/Results/Announcement}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]</div>'' Les processus d'élection et de sélection du Comité de rédaction de la Charte du Mouvement sont terminés. * Les [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Elections/Results|résultats des élections ont été publiés]]. 1018 personnes ont voté pour élire sept membres du comité: '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Candidates#Richard_Knipel_(Pharos)|Richard Knipel (Pharos)]]''', '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Candidates#Anne_Clin_(Risker)|Anne Clin (Risker)]]''', '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Candidates#Alice_Wiegand_(lyzzy)|Alice Wiegand (Lyzzy)]]''', '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Candidates#Micha%C5%82_Buczy%C5%84ski_(Aegis_Maelstrom)|Michał Buczyński (Aegis Maelstrom)]]''', '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Candidates#Richard_(Nosebagbear)|Richard (Nosebagbear)]]''', '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Candidates#Ravan_J_Al-Taie_(Ravan)|Ravan J Al-Taie (Ravan)]]''' et '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Candidates#Ciell_(Ciell)|Ciell (Ciell)]]'''. * Le [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement_Charter/Drafting_Committee/Candidates#Affiliate-chosen_members|processus des affiliés]] a sélectionné six membres : '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Candidates#Anass_Sedrati_(Anass_Sedrati)|Anass Sedrati (Anass Sedrati)]]''', '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Candidates#%C3%89rica_Azzellini_(EricaAzzellini)|Érica Azzellini (EricaAzzellini)]]''', '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Candidates#Jamie_Li-Yun_Lin_(Li-Yun_Lin)|Jamie Li-Yun Lin (Li-Yun Lin)]]''', '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Candidates#Georges_Fodouop_(Geugeor)|Georges Fodouop (Geugeor)]]''', '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Candidates#Manavpreet_Kaur_(Manavpreet_Kaur)|Manavpreet Kaur (Manavpreet Kaur)]]''' et '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Candidates#Pepe_Flores_(Padaguan)|Pepe Flores (Padaguan)]]'''. * La Wikimedia Foundation a [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement_Charter/Drafting_Committee/Candidates#Wikimedia_Foundation-chosen_members|nommé]] deux membres : '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement_Charter/Drafting_Committee/Candidates#Runa_Bhattacharjee_(Runab_WMF)|Runa Bhattacharjee (Runab WMF)]]''' et '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement_Charter/Drafting_Committee/Candidates#Jorge_Vargas_(JVargas_(WMF))|Jorge Vargas (JVargas (WMF))]]'''. Le comité se réunira bientôt pour commencer ses travaux. Le comité peut nommer jusqu'à trois membres supplémentaires pour combler les lacunes en matière de diversité et d'expertise. Si vous souhaitez participer au processus de rédaction de la [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter|Charte du mouvement]], suivez les nouvelles [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee|sur Meta]] et rejoignez le [https://t.me/joinchat/U-4hhWtndBjhzmSf groupe Telegram]. Avec les remerciements de l'équipe Stratégie et gouvernance du Mouvement<section end="announcement-content"/> </div> [[User:MPossoupe (WMF)|MPossoupe (WMF)]] 1 Jolal 2021 à 23:43 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Xeno (WMF)@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Xeno_(WMF)/Delivery/fr&oldid=22285587 --> == Le futur de la Consultation des souhaits de la communauté == [[File:Magic Wand Icon 229981 Color Flipped.svg|100px|right]] [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey/Updates/Talk to Us|Lire ce message dans une autre langue]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Community_Wishlist_Survey/Updates/Talk_to_Us&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}] {{int:Hello}} Nous, l’équipe travaillant sur la [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey|consultation des souhaits de la communauté]] (CSC), aimerions vous inviter à une réunion en ligne avec nous. Celle-ci aura lieu le [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20211130T1700 '''{{#time:j xg|2021-11-30}} ({{#time:l|2021-11-30}}) à {{#time:H:i e|17:00|fr|1}}'''] sur Zoom et durera une heure. [https://wikimedia.zoom.us/j/82035401393 '''Participer''']. '''Ordre du jour''' * Changements dans la Consultation des souhaits de la communauté pour 2022. Participez aux décisions. * Devenez un ambassadeur de la consultation des souhaits de la communauté. Aidez-nous à faire parler de la CSC dans votre communauté. * Questions et réponses '''Format''' La rencontre ne sera pas enregistrée ni diffusée en flux. Des notes anonymes seront prises et publiées sur Meta-Wiki. La présentation (tous les points à l’ordre du jour à l’exception des questions et réponses) sera donnée en anglais. Nous pouvons répondre aux questions posées en français, anglais, polonais, espagnol, allemand et italien. Si vous voulez poser une question en avance, vous pouvez l’écrire [[m:Talk:Community Wishlist Survey|sur la page de discussion de la consultation des souhaits de la communauté]] ou l’envoyer à sgrabarczuk@wikimedia.org. Cette réunion sera animée par [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:NRodriguez (WMF)|Natalia Rodriguez]] (la chef de l’équipe [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Tech|Technologies communautaires]]). '''Lien d'invitation''' * [https://wikimedia.zoom.us/j/82035401393 S'inscrire en ligne] * ID de la réunion : <span dir=ltr>82035401393</span> * [https://wikimedia.zoom.us/u/keu6UeRT0T Numéros de téléphone locaux] Nous espérons vous voir ! [[User:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|SGrabarczuk (WMF)]] ([[User talk:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|discuter]]) 26 Jolal 2021 à 20:08 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:SGrabarczuk (WMF)@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:SGrabarczuk_(WMF)/sandbox/MM/Francophones&oldid=20689614 --> == Appel à commentaires à venir sur les élections du conseil d'administration == <div lang="fr" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content /> :''Ce message est traduit dans plusieurs autres langues sur Meta-wiki''. :''<div class="plainlinks">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees/Call for feedback:2022 Board of Trustees election/Upcoming Call for Feedback about the Board of Trustees elections|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees/Call for feedback:2022 Board of Trustees election/Upcoming Call for Feedback about the Board of Trustees elections}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]</div>'' Le conseil d'administration prépare un appel à commentaires pour les prochaines élections du conseil d'administration, du 7 janvier au 10 février 2022. Les détails seront finalisés la semaine précédant l'appel, mais nous avons confirmé au moins deux questions qui seront posées lors de cet appel à commentaires: * Quelle est la meilleure façon d'assurer une représentation équitable des communautés émergentes au sein du conseil? * Quelle doit être la participation des candidat.e.s pendant l'élection? Bien que d'autres questions puissent être ajoutées, l'équipe Stratégie et gouvernance du mouvement souhaite donner le temps aux membres de la communauté et aux affiliés de réfléchir et de préparer des idées sur les questions confirmées avant l'ouverture de l'appel. Nous nous excusons de ne pas avoir une liste complète de questions pour le moment. La liste des questions ne devrait s'allonger que d'une ou deux questions. L'intention n'est pas de submerger la communauté de demandes, mais de l'informer et de recueillir ses réactions sur ces questions importantes. '''Vous souhaitez participer à l'organisation d'une conversation locale pendant cet appel ?''' Contactez l'équipe [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance|Stratégie et Gouvernance du Mouvement]] sur Meta, sur [https://t.me/wmboardgovernancechat Telegram], ou par courriel à msg[[File:At sign.svg|16x16px|link=|(_AT_)]]wikimedia.org. N'hésitez pas à nous contacter si vous avez des questions ou des préoccupations. L'équipe Stratégie et Gouvernance du Mouvement aura un effectif réduit jusqu'au 3 janvier. Veuillez excuser tout retard de réponse pendant cette période. Nous sommes également conscients que certains membres de la communauté et affiliés sont déconnectés pendant les vacances de décembre. Nous nous excusons si notre message vous parvient pendant que vous êtes en vacances. Bien à vous, Stratégie et Gouvernance du Mouvement<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> {{int:thank-you}} [[User:MPossoupe (WMF)|MPossoupe (WMF)]] 28 Bowte 2021 à 15:59 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Xeno (WMF)@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Movement_Strategy_and_Governance/Delivery/fr&oldid=22506356 --> == Wiki Loves Folklore is back! == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> {{int:please-translate}} [[File:Wiki Loves Folklore Logo.svg|right|150px|frameless]] You are humbly invited to participate in the '''[[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2022|Wiki Loves Folklore 2022]]''' an international photography contest organized on Wikimedia Commons to document folklore and intangible cultural heritage from different regions, including, folk creative activities and many more. It is held every year from the '''1st till the 28th''' of February. You can help in enriching the folklore documentation on Commons from your region by taking photos, audios, videos, and [https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:UploadWizard&campaign=wlf_2022 submitting] them in this commons contest. You can also [[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2022/Organize|organize a local contest]] in your country and support us in translating the [[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2022/Translations|project pages]] to help us spread the word in your native language. Feel free to contact us on our [[:c:Commons talk:Wiki Loves Folklore 2022|project Talk page]] if you need any assistance. '''Kind regards,''' '''Wiki loves Folklore International Team''' --[[Utilisateur:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Discussion utilisateur:MediaWiki message delivery|yeewtu]]) 9 Siilo 2022 à 13:15 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message envoyé par User:Tiven2240@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Tiven2240/wlf&oldid=22560402 --> == Consultation des souhaits de la communauté pour 2022 == [[File:Community Wishlist Survey Lamp.svg|right|200px]] La '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2022|consultation des souhaits de la communauté pour 2022]]''' a débuté ! Cette consultation est le processus par lequel les communautés décident sur quoi l’équipe [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Tech|Technologies communautaires]] doit travailler durant l’année qui suit. Nous encourageons tout le monde à soumettre des propositions avant le '''23 janvier''', ou à commenter les propositions des autres pour les améliorer. Les communautés voteront pour les propositions entre le 28 janvier et le 11 février. L’équipe Technologies communautaires se concentre sur les outils pour les contributeurs expérimentés de Wikimédia. Vous pouvez écrire vos propositions dans n’importe quelle langue, nous les traduirons pour vous. Merci, nous avons hâte de les recevoir ! [[User:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|SGrabarczuk (WMF)]] ([[User talk:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|talk]]) 10 Siilo 2022 à 18:23 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:SGrabarczuk (WMF)@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:SGrabarczuk_(WMF)/sandbox/MM/Francophones&oldid=20689614 --> == Feminism and Folklore 2022 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> {{int:please-translate}} Greetings! You are invited to participate in '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2022|Feminism and Folklore 2022]]''' writing competion. This year Feminism and Folklore will focus on feminism, women biographies and gender-focused topics for the project in league with Wiki Loves Folklore gender gap focus with folk culture theme on Wikipedia. You can help us in enriching the folklore documentation on Wikipedia from your region by creating or improving articles focused on folklore around the world, including, but not limited to folk festivals, folk dances, folk music, women and queer personalities in folklore, folk culture (folk artists, folk dancers, folk singers, folk musicians, folk game athletes, women in mythology, women warriors in folklore, witches and witch hunting, fairy tales and more. You can contribute to new articles or translate from the list of suggested articles [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2022/List of Articles|here]]. You can also support us in organizing the contest on your local Wikipedia by signing up your community to participate in this project and also translating the [[m:Feminism and Folklore 2022|project page]] and help us spread the word in your native language. Learn more about the contest and prizes from our project page. Feel free to contact us on our [[:m:Talk:Feminism and Folklore 2022|talk page]] or via Email if you need any assistance... Thank you. '''Feminism and Folklore Team''', [[User:Tiven2240|Tiven2240]] --11 Siilo 2022 à 05:49 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message envoyé par User:Tiven2240@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Tiven2240/wlf&oldid=22574381 --> == L'appel à commentaires sur les élections du Conseil d'administration est maintenant ouvert == <div lang="fr" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" />:''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees/Call for feedback: Board of Trustees elections/Call for Feedback about the Board of Trustees elections is now open/Short|Ce message est disponible dans d'autres langues sur Meta-wiki.]]'' :''<div class="plainlinks">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees/Call for feedback: Board of Trustees elections/Call for Feedback about the Board of Trustees elections is now open/Short|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees/Call for feedback: Board of Trustees elections/Call for Feedback about the Board of Trustees elections is now open/Short}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]</div>'' Élections du conseil d'administration : l'appel à commentaires est maintenant ouvert et se terminera le 7 février 2022. Avec cet appel à commentaires, l'équipe Stratégie et Gouvernance du Mouvement adopte une approche différente. Cette approche intègre le retour d'informations de 2021 de la communauté. Au lieu de présenter des propositions, l'appel s'articule autour des questions-clés du Conseil d'administration. Les questions-clés sont issues des retours sur l'élection 2021 du conseil d'administration. L'intention est d'inspirer une conversation collective et le développement de propositions collaboratives sur ces questions-clés. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees/Call for feedback: Board of Trustees elections|Participez à la conversation.]] Bien à vous, L'équipe Stratégie et Gouvernance du Mouvement<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[User:MPossoupe (WMF)|MPossoupe (WMF)]] 13 Siilo 2022 à 03:23 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Xeno (WMF)@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Movement_Strategy_and_Governance/Delivery/fr&oldid=22506356 --> == Discutez avec l’équipe Technologies communautaires == [[File:Community Wishlist Survey Lamp.svg|150px|right]] {{int:Hello}} Nous, l’équipe travaillant sur la [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey|consultation des souhaits de la communauté]] (CWS), aimerions vous inviter à une réunion en ligne avec nous. Celle-ci aura lieu le [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20220119T1800 '''{{#time:j xg|2022-01-19}} ({{#time:l|2022-01-19}}) à {{#time:H:i e|18:00|fr|1}}'''] sur Zoom et durera une heure. Cet outil externe n’est pas soumis à [[foundation:Privacy_policy/fr|la politique de confidentialité de Wikimedia]]. [https://wikimedia.zoom.us/j/85804347114 '''Cliquez ici pour Participer''']. '''Ordre du jour''' * Amenez le premier jet de votre proposition et discutez de vos questions sur la façon de l’améliorer avec un membre de l’équipe Technologies communautaires. '''Format''' La rencontre ne sera pas enregistrée ni diffusée en flux. Des notes anonymes seront prises et publiées sur Meta-Wiki. La présentation (tous les points à l’ordre du jour à l’exception des questions et réponses) sera donnée en anglais. Nous pouvons répondre aux questions posées en français, anglais, polonais, espagnol et allemand. Si vous voulez poser une question en avance, vous pouvez l’écrire [[m:Talk:Community Wishlist Survey|sur la page de discussion de la consultation des souhaits de la communauté]] ou l’envoyer à sgrabarczuk@wikimedia.org. Cette réunion sera animée par [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:NRodriguez (WMF)|Natalia Rodriguez]] (la chef de l’équipe [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Tech|Technologies communautaires]]). '''Lien d'invitation''' * [https://wikimedia.zoom.us/j/85804347114 S’inscrire en ligne] * ID de la réunion : <span dir=ltr>85804347114</span> * [https://wikimedia.zoom.us/u/keu6UeRT0T Numéros de téléphone locaux] Nous espérons vous voir ! [[User:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|SGrabarczuk (WMF)]] ([[User talk:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|talk]]) 18 Siilo 2022 à 01:02 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:SGrabarczuk (WMF)@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:SGrabarczuk_(WMF)/sandbox/MM/Francophones&oldid=20689614 --> == Subscribe to the This Month in Education newsletter - learn from others and share your stories == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Dear community members, Greetings from the EWOC Newsletter team and the education team at Wikimedia Foundation. We are very excited to share that we on tenth years of Education Newsletter ([[m:Education/News|This Month in Education]]) invite you to join us by [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|subscribing to the newsletter on your talk page]] or by [[m:Education/News/Newsroom|sharing your activities in the upcoming newsletters]]. The Wikimedia Education newsletter is a monthly newsletter that collects articles written by community members using Wikimedia projects in education around the world, and it is published by the EWOC Newsletter team in collaboration with the Education team. These stories can bring you new ideas to try, valuable insights about the success and challenges of our community members in running education programs in their context. If your affiliate/language project is developing its own education initiatives, please remember to take advantage of this newsletter to publish your stories with the wider movement that shares your passion for education. You can submit newsletter articles in your own language or submit bilingual articles for the education newsletter. For the month of January the deadline to submit articles is on the 20th January. We look forward to reading your stories. Older versions of this newsletter can be found in the [[outreach:Education/Newsletter/Archives|complete archive]]. More information about the newsletter can be found at [[m:Education/News/Publication Guidelines|Education/Newsletter/About]]. For more information, please contact spatnaik{{@}}wikimedia.org. ------ <div style="text-align: center;"><div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:Education/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in Education'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · For the team: [[User:ZI Jony|<span style="color:#8B0000">'''ZI Jony'''</span>]] [[User talk:ZI Jony|^{<span style="color:Green"><i>(Talk)</i></span>}]], {{<includeonly>subst:</includeonly>#time:l G:i, d F Y|}} (UTC)</div></div> </div> <!-- Message envoyé par User:ZI Jony@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:ZI_Jony/MassMessage/Awareness_of_Education_Newsletter/List_of_Village_Pumps&oldid=21244129 --> == Nouvelles de la Stratégie et de la Gouvernance du Mouvement – Numéro 5 == <div lang="fr" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="ucoc-newsletter"/> :''<div class="plainlinks">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/5/Global message|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/5/Global message}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]</div>'' <span style="font-size:200%;">'''Nouvelles de la Stratégie et de la Gouvernance du Mouvement'''</span><br> <span style="font-size:120%; color:#404040;">'''Numéro 5 - janvier 2022'''</span><span style="font-size:120%; float:right;">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/5|'''Lire le bulletin complet''']]</span> ---- Bienvenue au cinquième numéro des Nouvelles de la Stratégie et de la Gouvernance du Mouvement (anciennement connues sous le nom de Nouvelles du Code de Conduite Universel) ! Ce bulletin d'information révisé diffuse des nouvelles et des événements pertinents concernant la Charte du Mouvement, le Code de Conduite Universel, les subventions pour la mise en œuvre de la Stratégie du Mouvement, les élections du Conseil d'administration et d'autres sujets relatifs à la Stratégie et la Gouvernance du Mouvement. Cette lettre d'information sera distribuée tous les 3 mois, tandis que des mises à jour plus fréquentes seront également envoyées aux abonné.es toutes les semaines ou toutes les 2 semaines. N'oubliez pas de vous abonner [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/MSG Newsletter Subscription|ici]] si vous souhaitez recevoir ces mises à jour. <div style="margin-top:3px; padding:10px 10px 10px 20px; background:#fffff; border:2px solid #808080; border-radius:4px; font-size:100%;"> *'''Appel à commentaires sur les élections du conseil d'administration ''' - Nous vous invitons à donner votre avis sur la prochaine élection du conseil d'administration de la WMF. Cet appel à commentaires a été mis en ligne le 10 janvier 2022 et se terminera le 16 février 2022. ([[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/5#Call for Feedback about the Board elections|continuer la lecture]]) *'''Ratification du Code de Conduite Universel''' - En 2021, la WMF a demandé aux communautés comment faire appliquer le Code de Conduite Universel. Le projet révisé des directives d'application devrait être prêt pour le vote des communautés en mars. ([[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/5#Universal Code of Conduct Ratification|continuer la lecture]]) *'''Subventions pour la mise en œuvre de la stratégie du mouvement''' - Alors que nous continuons à étudier plusieurs propositions intéressantes, nous encourageons et accueillons plus de propositions et d'idées qui ciblent une initiative spécifique des recommandations de la stratégie du mouvement. ([[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/5#Movement Strategy Implementation Grants|continuer la lecture]]) *'''La nouvelle orientation du bulletin d'information''' - Alors que le bulletin d'information de l'UCoC devient le bulletin d'information du MSG, rejoignez l'équipe de facilitation pour envisager et décider des nouvelles orientations de ce bulletin d'information. ([[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/5#The New Direction for the Newsletter|continue la lecture]]) *''' Blogs Diff''' - Consultez les publications les plus récentes sur la Stratégie et la Gouvernance du Mouvement sur le blog Wikimedia Diff. ([[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/5#Diff Blogs|continuer la lecture]])</div><section end="ucoc-newsletter"/> </div> [[User:MPossoupe (WMF)|MPossoupe (WMF)]] 29 Siilo 2022 à 01:46 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Xeno (WMF)@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Movement_Strategy_and_Governance/Delivery/fr&oldid=22703208 --> == <span lang="fr" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Groupe de travail sur le développement du leadership : vos commentaires sont les bienvenus</span> == <div lang="fr" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" />:''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Leadership Development Task Force/Call for Feedback Announcement|Ce message est disponible dans d'autres langues sur Meta-wiki.]]'' :''<div class="plainlinks">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Leadership Development Task Force/Call for Feedback Announcement|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Leadership Development Task Force/Call for Feedback Announcement}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]</div>'' L'équipe "Développement Communautaire" de la Wikimedia Foundation soutient la création d'un groupe de travail globale, porté par la communauté, pour le développement du Leadership. L'équipe est à la recherche de commentaires sur les responsabilités du groupe de travail sur le développement du leadership. Cette page Meta contient la proposition d'un [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Leadership Development Task Force|Groupe de travail sur le développement du leadership]] et la manière dont [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Leadership Development Task Force/Participate|vous pouvez aider.]] Les commentaires sur la proposition sont recueillis du 7 au 25 février 2022.<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[User:MPossoupe (WMF)|MPossoupe (WMF)]] 9 Colte 2022 à 02:46 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Xeno (WMF)@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Movement_Strategy_and_Governance/Delivery/fr&oldid=22796832 --> == Wiki Loves Folklore is extended till 15th March == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">{{int:please-translate}} [[File:Wiki Loves Folklore Logo.svg|right|frameless|180px]] Greetings from Wiki Loves Folklore International Team, We are pleased to inform you that [[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore|Wiki Loves Folklore]] an international photographic contest on Wikimedia Commons has been extended till the '''15th of March 2022'''. The scope of the contest is focused on folk culture of different regions on categories, such as, but not limited to, folk festivals, folk dances, folk music, folk activities, etc. We would like to have your immense participation in the photographic contest to document your local Folk culture on Wikipedia. You can also help with the [[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2022/Translations|translation]] of project pages and share a word in your local language. Best wishes, '''International Team'''<br /> '''Wiki Loves Folklore''' [[Utilisateur:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Discussion utilisateur:MediaWiki message delivery|yeewtu]]) 22 Colte 2022 à 04:50 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message envoyé par User:Rockpeterson@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=22754428 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Remember to Participate in the UCoC Conversations and Ratification Vote!</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''[[m:Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines/Voting/Announcement|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]]'' :''<div class="plainlinks">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines/Voting/Announcement|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines/Voting/Announcement}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]</div>'' Hello everyone, A [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Enforcement_guidelines/Voting|'''vote in SecurePoll from 7 to 21 March 2022''']] is scheduled as part of the ratification process for the Universal Code of Conduct (UCoC) Enforcement guidelines. Eligible voters are invited to answer a poll question and share comments. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Enforcement_guidelines/Voter_information|Read voter information and eligibility details.]] During the poll, voters will be asked if they support the enforcement of the Universal Code of Conduct based on the proposed guidelines. The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct|Universal Code of Conduct]] (UCoC) provides a baseline of acceptable behavior for the entire movement. The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Enforcement_guidelines|revised enforcement guidelines]] were published 24 January 2022 as a proposed way to apply the policy across the movement. A [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_Board_noticeboard/January_2022_-_Board_of_Trustees_on_Community_ratification_of_enforcement_guidelines_of_UCoC|Wikimedia Foundation Board statement]] calls for a [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Enforcement_guidelines/Voting|ratification process]] where eligible voters will have an opportunity to support or oppose the adoption of the UCoC Enforcement guidelines in a vote. Wikimedians are invited to [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Enforcement_guidelines/Voter_information/Volunteer|translate and share important information]]. For more information about the UCoC, please see the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Project|project page]] and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/FAQ|frequently asked questions]] on Meta-wiki. There are events scheduled to learn more and discuss: * A [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Conversations/Panel_Q&A|community panel]] on 18 February 2022 at 15:00 UTC shares perspectives from small- and medium-sized community participants. * The [[m:Movement Strategy and Governance|Movement Strategy and Governance]] (MSG) team is hosting Conversation Hours on 25 February 2022 at 12:00 UTC and 4 March 2022 at 15:00 UTC. Please [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Conversations|'''sign-up for these conversation hours''']] to interact with the project team and the drafting committee about the updated enforcement guidelines and the ratification process. See the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/2022_conversation_hour_summaries|Conversation Hour summaries]] for notes from 4 February 2022. You can comment on Meta-wiki talk pages in any language. You may also contact either team by email: msg[[File:At sign.svg|16x16px|link=|(_AT_)]]wikimedia.org or ucocproject[[File:At sign.svg|16x16px|link=|(_AT_)]]wikimedia.org Sincerely, Movement Strategy and Governance <br /> Wikimedia Foundation <br /><section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[User:MPossoupe (WMF)|MPossoupe (WMF)]] 22 Colte 2022 à 20:47 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Xeno (WMF)@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Movement_Strategy_and_Governance/Delivery/fr&oldid=22796832 --> == Coming soon == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> === Several improvements around templates === Hello, from March 9, several improvements around templates will become available on your wiki: * Fundamental improvements of the [[Mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:VisualEditor/User guide#Editing templates|VisualEditor template dialog]] ([[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/VisualEditor template dialog improvements|1]], [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Removing a template from a page using the VisualEditor|2]]), * Improvements to make it easier to put a template on a page ([[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Finding and inserting templates|3]]) (for the template dialogs in [[Mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:VisualEditor/User guide#Editing templates|VisualEditor]], [[Mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:WikiEditor#/media/File:VectorEditorBasic-en.png|2010 Wikitext]] and [[Mw:Special:MyLanguage/2017 wikitext editor|New Wikitext Mode]]), * and improvements in the syntax highlighting extension [[Mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror]] ([[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Improved Color Scheme of Syntax Highlighting|4]], [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Bracket Matching|5]]) (which is available on wikis with writing direction left-to-right). All these changes are part of the “[[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Templates|Templates]]” project by [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes|WMDE Technical Wishes]]. We hope they will help you in your work, and we would love to hear your feedback on the talk pages of these projects. </div> - [[m:User:Johanna Strodt (WMDE)|Johanna Strodt (WMDE)]] 28 Colte 2022 à 12:38 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Johanna Strodt (WMDE)@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Technical_Wishes_News_list_all_village_pumps&oldid=22907463 --> == Rapports de l'appel à commentaires sur les élections 2022 du conseil d'administration de de la WMF == :''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees/Call for feedback: Board of Trustees elections/Call for Feedback is now closed|Ce message est disponible dans d'autres langues sur Meta-wiki.]]'' :''<div class="plainlinks">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees/Call for feedback: Board of Trustees elections/Call for Feedback is now closed|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees/Call for feedback: Board of Trustees elections/Call for Feedback is now closed}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]</div>'' Bonjour, L'[[m:Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees/Call for feedback: Board of Trustees elections|appel à commentaires sur les élections 2022 au conseil d'administration de la Wikimedia foundation]] est désormais clos. Cet appel a débuté le 10 janvier et s'est terminé le 16 février 2022. L'appel s'est concentré sur [[m:Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees/Call for feedback: Board of Trustees elections/Discuss Key Questions#Questions|trois questions-clés]] et a fait l'objet d'un large débat [[m:Talk:Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees/Call for feedback: Board of Trustees elections/Discuss Key Questions|sur Meta-wiki]], lors des réunions avec les affiliés et dans diverses conversations communautaires. La communauté et les affiliés ont formulé de nombreuses propositions et points de discussion. Les [[m:Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees/Call for feedback: Board of Trustees elections/Reports|rapports]] sont disponibles sur Meta-wiki. Ces informations seront partagées avec le conseil d'administration et le comité des élections afin qu'ils puissent prendre des décisions éclairées concernant la prochaine élection du conseil d'administration. Le Conseil d'administration fera ensuite une annonce après avoir discuté de ces informations. Merci à tous ceux et à toutes celles qui ont participé à l'appel à commentaires pour aider à améliorer les processus d'élection du conseil d'administration. Bien à vous, L'équipe Stratégie et Gouvernance du Mouvement [[User:MPossoupe (WMF)|MPossoupe (WMF)]] 3 MBooy 2022 à 04:20 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Xeno (WMF)@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Movement_Strategy_and_Governance/Delivery/fr&oldid=22796832 --> == <span lang="fr" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Ouverture du vote de ratification des directives d'application du Code de conduite universel du 7 au 21 mars 2022</span> == <div lang="fr" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines/Vote|Ce message est également traduit dans d'autres langues sur Meta-wiki.]] :''<div class="plainlinks">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines/Vote|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines/Vote}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]</div>'' Bonjour, Le vote pour la ratification des [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines|directives d'application révisées]] du [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct|Code de conduite universel]]. (UCoC) est maintenant ouvert ! Le [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines/Voting|Vote a commencé sur SecurePoll]]'' le 7 mars 2022 et se terminera le 21 mars 2022. [[m:Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines/Voter information|Pour en savoir plus et lire les conditions d'éligibilité]]. Le Code de Conduite Universel (UCoC) établit une base de conduites acceptables au sein de l'ensemble du mouvement. Les directives d'application révisées ont été publiées le 24 janvier 2022 comme une proposition de manière d'appliquer le texte au sein du mouvement. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Project|Pour en savoir plus sur le projet UCoC]]. Vous pouvez également faire vos commentaires dans la langue de votre choix sur les pages de discussion Meta-wiki de l'UCoC ou contacter l'équipe par courriel : ucocproject[[File:At sign.svg|16x16px|link=|(_AT_)]]wikimedia.org Bien à vous, L'équipe Stratégie et Gouvernance du Mouvement Wikimedia Foundation<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[User:MPossoupe (WMF)|MPossoupe (WMF)]] 8 MBooy 2022 à 00:44 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Xeno (WMF)@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Movement_Strategy_and_Governance/Delivery/fr&oldid=22796832 --> == Wiki Loves Folklore 2022 ends tomorrow == [[File:Wiki Loves Folklore Logo.svg|right|frameless|180px]] International photographic contest [[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2022| Wiki Loves Folklore 2022]] ends on 15th March 2022 23:59:59 UTC. This is the last chance of the year to upload images about local folk culture, festival, cuisine, costume, folklore etc on Wikimedia Commons. Watch out our social media handles for regular updates and declaration of Winners. ([https://www.facebook.com/WikiLovesFolklore/ Facebook] , [https://twitter.com/WikiFolklore Twitter ] , [https://www.instagram.com/wikilovesfolklore/ Instagram]) The writing competition Feminism and Folklore will run till 31st of March 2022 23:59:59 UTC. Write about your local folk tradition, women, folk festivals, folk dances, folk music, folk activities, folk games, folk cuisine, folk wear, folklore, and tradition, including ballads, folktales, fairy tales, legends, traditional song and dance, folk plays, games, seasonal events, calendar customs, folk arts, folk religion, mythology etc. on your local Wikipedia. Check if your [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2022/Project Page|local Wikipedia is participating]] A special competition called '''Wiki Loves Falles''' is organised in Spain and the world during 15th March 2022 till 15th April 2022 to document local folk culture and [[:en:Falles|Falles]] in Valencia, Spain. Learn more about it on [[:ca:Viquiprojecte:Falles 2022|Catalan Wikipedia project page]]. We look forward for your immense co-operation. Thanks Wiki Loves Folklore international Team [[Utilisateur:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Discussion utilisateur:MediaWiki message delivery|yeewtu]]) 14 MBooy 2022 à 14:40 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Rockpeterson@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=22754428 --> == <span lang="fr" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Groupe de travail sur le développement du leadership : Candidatez pour rejoindre (du 14 mars au 10 avril 2022)</span> == <div lang="fr" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Leadership Development Working Group/Participate/Announcement|Ce message est également traduit dans d'autres langues sur Meta-wiki.]]'' :''<div class="plainlinks">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Leadership Development Working Group/Participate/Announcement|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Leadership Development Working Group/Participate/Announcement}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]</div>'' Bonjour, Merci à tous ceux et toutes celles qui ont participé à l'appel à commentaires sur l'initiative [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Leadership Development Working Group|groupe de travail sur le développement du leadership]]. Un [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Leadership Development Working Group/Participate#5. Summary of Call for Feedback|résumé des commentaires]] est disponible sur Meta-wiki. Ces commentaires seront partagés avec le groupe de travail pour éclairer son travail. La période de candidature pour rejoindre le groupe de travail est maintenant ouverte et se terminera le 10 avril 2022. Veuillez [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Leadership_Development_Working_Group/Purpose_and_Structure#3._How_is_the_working_group_formed_and_structured?|relire les informations sur le groupe de travail]], partager avec les membres de la communauté qui pourraient être intéressés, et '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Leadership_Development_Working_Group/Participate#1._How_to_participate|candidatez si vous êtes intéressé.e]]'''. Merci, De l'équipe développement communautaire<br /><section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[User:MPossoupe (WMF)|MPossoupe (WMF)]] 16 MBooy 2022 à 16:56 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Xeno (WMF)@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Movement_Strategy_and_Governance/Delivery/fr&oldid=23008845 --> == Feminism and Folklore 2022 ends soon == [[File:Feminism and Folklore 2022 logo.svg|right|frameless|250px]] [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2022|Feminism and Folklore 2022]] which is an international writing contest organized at Wikipedia ends soon that is on <b>31 March 2022 11:59 UTC</b>. This is the last chance of the year to write about feminism, women biographies and gender-focused topics such as <i>folk festivals, folk dances, folk music, folk activities, folk games, folk cuisine, folk wear, fairy tales, folk plays, folk arts, folk religion, mythology, folk artists, folk dancers, folk singers, folk musicians, folk game athletes, women in mythology, women warriors in folklore, witches and witch hunting, fairy tales and more</i> Keep an eye on the project page for declaration of Winners. We look forward for your immense co-operation. Thanks Wiki Loves Folklore international Team [[Utilisateur:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Discussion utilisateur:MediaWiki message delivery|yeewtu]]) 26 MBooy 2022 à 14:28 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Rockpeterson@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Rockpeterson/fnf&oldid=23060054 --> == <span lang="fr" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Résultats du vote de ratification des directives d'application du Code de Conduite Universel</span> == <div lang="fr" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines/Voting/Results/Announcement|Ce message est également traduit dans d'autres langues sur Meta-wiki.]]'' :''<div class="plainlinks">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines/Voting/Results/Announcement|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines/Voting/Results/Announcement}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]</div>'' L'équipe "Trust and Safety Policy" a publié les résultats du vote de ratification des directives d'application du Code de Conduite Universel. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines/Voting/Results| ''Voir les résultats et en lire plus sur Meta-wiki.'']]. Les [[m:Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Enforcement_guidelines/UCoC_Phase_2_Ratification_Results_Announcement|prochaines étapes]] sont également annoncées sur Meta-wiki.<br /><section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[User:MPossoupe (WMF)|MPossoupe (WMF)]] 6 Seeɗto 2022 à 16:20 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:MPossoupe (WMF)@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Movement_Strategy_and_Governance/Delivery/fr&oldid=23008845 --> == <span lang="fr" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Nouvelles de la Stratégie et de la Gouvernance du Mouvement – Numéro 6</span> == <div lang="fr" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="ucoc-newsletter"/> <div style = "line-height: 1.2"> <span style="font-size:200%;">'''Nouvelles de la Stratégie et de la Gouvernance du Mouvement'''</span><br> <span style="font-size:120%; color:#404040;">'''Numéro 6, avril 2022'''</span><span style="font-size:120%; float:right;">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/6|'''Lire le bulletin complet''']]</span> ---- Bienvenue au sixième numéro des Nouvelles de la Stratégie et de la Gouvernance du Mouvement (anciennement connues sous le nom de Nouvelles du Code de Conduite Universel) ! Ce bulletin d'information révisé diffuse des nouvelles et des événements pertinents concernant la Charte du Mouvement, le Code de Conduite Universel, les subventions d'implémentation de la Stratégie du Mouvement, les élections du Conseil d'administration et d'autres sujets relatifs à la Stratégie et la Gouvernance du Mouvement. Cette lettre d'information sera distribuée tous les 3 mois, tandis que des mises à jour plus fréquentes seront également envoyées aux abonné.es toutes les semaines. N'oubliez pas de vous abonner [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/MSG Newsletter Subscription|ici]] si vous souhaitez recevoir ces mises à jour. </div><div style="margin-top:3px; padding:10px 10px 10px 20px; background:#fffff; border:2px solid #808080; border-radius:4px; font-size:100%;"> *'''Développement du leadership -''' Un groupe de travail est en train de se former ! - Les candidatures pour rejoindre le groupe de travail sur le développement du leadership ont été clôturées le 10 avril 2022. Jusqu'à 12 membres de la communauté seront sélectionnés pour participer au groupe de travail. ([[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/6#A1|continuer la lecture]]) *'''Les résultats de la ratification du Code de conduite universel sont connus ! -''' Le processus global de décision de l'application du code de conduite universel via SecurePoll s'est déroulé du 7 au 21 mars. Plus de 2 300 électeurs éligibles, issus d'au moins 128 projets différents, ont fait part de leur avis et de leurs commentaires. ([[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/6#A2|continuer la lecture]]) *'''Discussions sur les Hubs-''' L'événement "Global Conversation" sur les Hubs régionaux et thématiques a eu lieu le samedi 12 mars. 84 Wikimédiens et wikimédiennes venant de tout le mouvement y ont participé. ([[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/6#A3|continuer la lecture]]) *'''Les subventions pour la stratégie du mouvement restent ouvertes ! -''' Depuis le début de l'année, six propositions d'une valeur totale d'environ 80 000 USD ont été approuvées. Vous avez une idée de projet sur la stratégie du mouvement ? N'hésitez pas à nous contacter ! ([[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/6#A4|continuer la lecture]]) *'''Le Comité de rédaction de la Charte du Mouvement est prêt ! -''' Le Comité de quinze membres qui a été élu en octobre 2021, s'est mis d'accord sur les valeurs et les méthodes essentielles de son travail, et a commencé à créer les grandes lignes du projet de Charte du Mouvement. ([[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/6#A5|continuer la lecture]]) *'''Présentation du "Bulletin hebdomadaire sur la Stratégie du Mouvement" -''' Contribuez et abonnez-vous ! - L'équipe MSG vient de lancer le portail des mises à jour, qui est connecté aux différentes pages de la Stratégie du Mouvement sur Meta-wiki. Abonnez-vous pour recevoir les dernières nouvelles sur les différents projets en cours. ([[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/6#A6|continuer la lecture]]) *'''Blogs Diff -'''. Consultez les publications les plus récentes sur la Stratégie du Mouvement sur Wikimedia Diff. ([[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/6#A7|continuer la lecture]]) </div><section end="ucoc-newsletter"/> </div> [[User:MPossoupe (WMF)|MPossoupe (WMF)]] 13 Seeɗto 2022 à 17:04 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:MPossoupe (WMF)@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Movement_Strategy_and_Governance/Delivery/fr&oldid=23008845 --> == <span lang="fr" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Participez aux conversations publiques sur le Plan annuel de la Wikimedia Foundation avec Maryana Iskander</span> == <div lang="fr" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> :[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2022-2023/Conversations/Announcement|''Vous trouverez ce message traduit dans d’autres langues sur Meta-Wiki.'']] :''<div class="plainlinks">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2022-2023/Conversations/Announcement|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2022-2023/Conversations/Announcement}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]</div>'' Bonjour, Les équipes [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Communications|Communication interne]] et [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance|Stratégie et gouvernance du mouvement]] vous invite à discuter du '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2022-2023/draft|Projet annuel 2022–23 de Wikimedia Foundation]]''', un document définissant le travail à faire pour la Wikimedia Foundation. Ces conversations publiques s’inscrivent dans [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Chief Executive Officer/Maryana’s Listening Tour|la « tournée d’écoute » de la directrice générale de la Wikimedia Foundation]], [[m:User:MIskander-WMF|Maryana Iskander]]. Les conversations publiques portent sur les points suivants : * La [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia 2030|Stratégie 2030 du mouvement Wikimedia]] définit nos orientations vers la « connaissance comme service » et « l’équité des connaissances ». La Wikimedia Foundation veut définir son projet selon ces deux objectifs. Comment, selon-vous, la Wikimedia Foundation doit-elle les appliquer à notre travail ? * La Wikimedia Foundation continue d’étudier la meilleure manière de travailler au niveau régional. Notre régionalisation s’est accentuée dans des domaines tels que les subventions, les nouvelles fonctionnalités et les consultations communautaires. Qu’est-ce qui fonctionne bien ? Qu’est-ce que nous pouvons améliorer ? * Tout le monde peut contribuer au processus de la Stratégie du mouvement. Mettons en commun nos activités, idées, demandes et les leçons que nous avons appris. Comment la Wikimedia Foundation peut-elle soutenir davantage les bénévoles et organisations affiliées qui travaillent sur la Stratégie du mouvement ? Vous pouvez consulter [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2022-2023/draft/Your Input|'''le calendrier des visioconférences sur Meta-Wiki''']]. Les informations seront disponibles dans plusieurs langues. Chaque visioconférence sera ouverte à toutes celles-et-ceux qui le souhaitent. Une interprétation en direct sera disponible pour certaines visioconférences. Bien cordialement,<br /><section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[User:MPossoupe (WMF)|MPossoupe (WMF)]] 20 Seeɗto 2022 à 07:26 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:MPossoupe (WMF)@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Movement_Strategy_and_Governance/Delivery/fr&oldid=23008845 --> == <span lang="fr" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Les prochaines étapes du processus du Code de Conduite Universel (UCoC) et de ses directives d'application.</span> == <div lang="fr" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''<div class="plainlinks">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Board noticeboard/April 2022 - Board of Trustees on Next steps: Universal Code of Conduct (UCoC) and UCoC Enforcement Guidelines|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Wikimedia Foundation Board noticeboard/April 2022 - Board of Trustees on Next steps: Universal Code of Conduct (UCoC) and UCoC Enforcement Guidelines}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]</div>'' Le comité des Affaires Communautaires du conseil d'administration de la Wikimedia Foundation souhaite remercier tous ceux et celles qui ont participé au vote de la communauté sur les directives d'application du Code de Conduite Universel (UCoC). Le groupe de scrutateurs bénévoles a terminé la vérification de l'exactitude du vote et a indiqué que le nombre total de votes reçus était de 2 283. Sur les 2 283 votes reçus, un total de 1 338 (58,6 %) membres de la communauté ont voté pour les directives d'application et un total de 945 (41,4 %) membres de la communauté ont voté contre. En outre, 658 participants ont laissé des commentaires, dont 77 % étaient rédigés en anglais. Nous reconnaissons et apprécions la passion et l'engagement dont les membres de la communauté ont fait preuve pour créer une culture sûre et accueillante qui met fin aux comportements hostiles et toxiques, soutient les personnes visées par ces comportements et encourage les personnes de bonne foi à être productives sur les projets Wikimedia. Même à ce stade où le processus n'est pas encore achevé, cela est évident dans les commentaires reçus. Bien que les directives d'application aient atteint le seuil de soutien nécessaire pour que le conseil d'administration les examine, nous avons encouragé les électeurs, quel que soit leur vote, à faire part de leurs commentaires sur les éléments des directives d'application qui, selon eux, devaient être modifiés ou corrigés, ainsi que sur les raisons de ces modifications, au cas où il semblerait judicieux de lancer une nouvelle série de modifications qui répondraient aux préoccupations de la communauté. Le personnel de la Fondation qui a passé en revue les commentaires, nous a informés de certains des thèmes émergents, et en conséquence, nous avons décidé, en tant que Comité des Affaires Communautaires, de demander à la Fondation de reconvoquer le comité de rédaction et d'entreprendre un autre engagement communautaire pour affiner les directives d'application sur la base des commentaires de la communauté reçus lors du vote qui vient de se terminer. Pour plus de clarté, ces commentaires ont été regroupés en 4 sections comme suit : # Identifier le type, le but et l'applicabilité de la formation ; # Simplifier la langue pour faciliter la traduction et la compréhension par les non-experts ; # Explorer le concept d'affirmation, y compris ses avantages et ses inconvénients ; # Revoir les rôles contradictoires de la vie privée/protection des victimes et du droit d'être entendu. D'autres questions peuvent émerger au cours des conversations, et en particulier au fur et à mesure de l'évolution du projet de directives d'application, mais nous considérons que ce sont les principaux domaines de préoccupation des électeurs, électrices et nous demandons au personnel de faciliter l'examen de ces questions. Après un engagement plus poussé, la Fondation devrait organiser à nouveau le vote de la communauté pour évaluer le projet de directives d'application remanié afin de voir si le nouveau document est alors prêt pour sa ratification officielle. De plus, nous sommes conscients des préoccupations relatives à la note 3.1 du Code de Conduite Universel. Nous demandons à la Fondation de faciliter la révision de cette note afin de s'assurer que le texte répond à ses objectifs de soutien à une communauté sûre et inclusive, sans attendre la révision prévue de l'ensemble du texte à la fin de l'année. Encore une fois, nous remercions toutes celles et tous ceux qui ont participé, qui ont réfléchi à ces enjeux cruciaux et difficiles et qui ont contribué à de meilleures approches dans l'ensemble du mouvement pour bien travailler ensemble. Bien à vous, Rosie Rosie Stephenson-Goodknight (she/her)<br /> Présidente par intérim du Comité des Affaires Communautaires <br /> Conseil d’administration de la Fondation Wikimédia<br /><section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[User:MPossoupe (WMF)|MPossoupe (WMF)]] 25 Seeɗto 2022 à 10:11 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:MPossoupe (WMF)@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Movement_Strategy_and_Governance/Delivery/fr&oldid=23008845 --> == New Wikipedia Library Collections Available Now - April 2022 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Hello Wikimedians! [[File:Wikipedia_Library_owl.svg|thumb|upright|The TWL owl says sign up today!]] [[m:The Wikipedia Library|The Wikipedia Library]] has free access to new paywalled reliable sources. You can these and dozens more collections at https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/: * '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/128/ Wiley]''' – journals, books, and research resources, covering life, health, social, and physical sciences * '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/125/ OECD]''' – OECD iLibrary, Data, and Multimedia​​ published by the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development * '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/129/ SPIE Digital Library]''' – journals and eBooks on optics and photonics applied research Many other sources are freely available for experienced editors, including collections which recently became accessible to all eligible editors: Cambridge University Press, BMJ, AAAS, Érudit and more. Do better research and help expand the use of high quality references across Wikipedia projects: log in today! <br>--The Wikipedia Library Team 26 Seeɗto 2022 à 13:16 (UTC) :<small>This message was delivered via the [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/MassMessage#Global_message_delivery Global Mass Message] tool to [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Library The Wikipedia Library Global Delivery List].</small> </div> <!-- Message envoyé par User:Samwalton9@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Library&oldid=23036656 --> == <span lang="fr" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Appel à candidatures pour les élections 2022 du conseil d'administration</span> == <div lang="fr" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Announcement/Call for Candidates/Short|Ce message est également traduit dans d'autres langues sur Meta-wiki.]]'' :''<div class="plainlinks">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Announcement/Call for Candidates/Short|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Announcement/Call for Candidates/Short}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]</div>'' Bonjour, Les candidatures pour l'élection de nouveaux administrateurs et de nouvelles administratrices au conseil d'administration de la Wikimedia foundation sont ouvertes. Cette année, 2 administrateurs.trices seront élu.es. C'est l'occasion d'améliorer la représentativité, la diversité et l'expertise au sein du Conseil. Les sièges à pourvoir cette année ont été précédemment [[m:Affiliate-selected Board seats/2019|sélectionnés par les affiliés]]. Cette année, une méthode différente sera utilisée : # Les candidats et candidates soumettent leur candidature avant le 9 mai ; ce délai peut être légèrement prolongé. # Tout membre de la communauté peut se présenter s'il remplit les conditions décrites [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Apply to be a Candidate|ici.]] # Les affiliés votent pour retenir six (6) noms à partir de la liste. # Chaque affilié dispose d'une voix. Le vote des affiliés devrait avoir lieu au début du mois de juillet. # La communauté vote pour élire deux des six candidat.es présélectionné.es. # Le vote de la communauté doit commencer le 15 août et se terminer le 29 août. # Le conseil d'administration nommera les deux candidat.es nouvellement élu.es. # Cette dernière étape, qui conclura le processus électoral, devrait avoir lieu au début du mois d'octobre 2022. Vous connaissez une candidate potentielle ou un candidat potentiel ? Encouragez-les à se présenter ! Vous êtes une candidate potentielle ou un candidat potentiel ? N'hésitez pas à candidater ! Plus de détails sur cette [[m:Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2022/Apply_to_be_a_Candidate|page Meta-wiki]] Merci pour votre soutien ! L'équipe Stratégie et Gouvernance du mouvement au nom du comité des élections et du conseil d'administration.<br /><section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[User:MPossoupe (WMF)|MPossoupe (WMF)]] 26 Seeɗto 2022 à 16:42 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:MPossoupe (WMF)@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Movement_Strategy_and_Governance/Delivery/fr&oldid=23008845 --> == Parlons des améliorations de l'interface ordinateur == [[File:New table of contents shown on English wikipedia.png|thumb]] Bonjour ! Avez-vous remarqué que certains wikis ont une interface pour ordinateur différente ? Vous êtes curieux de connaître les prochaines étapes ? Vous avez peut-être des questions ou des idées concernant le design ou les aspects techniques ? Participez à une réunion en ligne avec l'équipe qui travaille aux [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop_Improvements|améliorations de l'interface pour ordinateur de bureau]] ! La rencontre aura lieu le '''29 avril 2022 à [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20220429T1300 13:00] et [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20220429T1800 18:00 UTC]''' sur Zoom et aura une durée d'une heure. '''[https://wikimedia.zoom.us/j/88045453898 Cliquez ici pour vous inscrire]'''. ID de la réunion : 88045453898. [https://wikimedia.zoom.us/u/kcOMICmyyA Numéros de téléphone locaux]. '''Ordre du jour''' * Point d’information sur les développements récents * Questions et réponses, discussion '''Format''' La réunion ne sera ni enregistrée ni diffusée. Les notes seront prises dans un [https://docs.google.com/document/d/1G4tfss-JBVxyZMxGlOj5MCBhOO-0sLekquFoa2XiQb8/edit# fichier Google Docs]. Cette réunion sera animée par [[mw:User:OVasileva_(WMF)|Olga Vasileva]] (la chef d'équipe). La partie de présentation sera en langue anglaise. Nous pouvons répondre aux questions posées en français, italien (seulement à 18:00 UTC), anglais et polonais (aux deux réunions). Si vous préférez poser vos questions en avance, ajoutez-les dans la [[mw:Talk:Reading/Web/Desktop_Improvements|page de discussion]] ou envoyez-les à sgrabarczuk@wikimedia.org. Lors de cette réunion, la [[foundation:Friendly_space_policy|Politique des Espaces Conviviaux]] et le [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Code_of_Conduct|Code de Conduite]] pour les Espaces Techniques Wikimédia s'appliquent. Zoom n'est pas soumis à la [[foundation:Privacy_policy|Politique de confidentialité de WMF]]. Nous espérons vous voir ! [[User:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|SGrabarczuk (WMF)]] ([[User talk:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|discuter]]) 27 Seeɗto 2022 à 13:12 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:SGrabarczuk (WMF)@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:SGrabarczuk_(WMF)/sandbox/MM/Francophones&oldid=20689614 --> == Coming soon: Improvements for templates == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <!--T:11--> [[File:Overview of changes in the VisualEditor template dialog by WMDE Technical Wishes.webm|thumb|Fundamental changes in the template dialog.]] Hello, more changes around templates are coming to your wiki soon: The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:VisualEditor/User guide#Editing templates|'''template dialog''' in VisualEditor]] and in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/2017 wikitext editor|2017 Wikitext Editor]] (beta) will be '''improved fundamentally''': This should help users understand better what the template expects, how to navigate the template, and how to add parameters. * [[metawiki:WMDE Technical Wishes/VisualEditor template dialog improvements|project page]], [[metawiki:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/VisualEditor template dialog improvements|talk page]] In '''syntax highlighting''' ([[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror]] extension), you can activate a '''colorblind-friendly''' color scheme with a user setting. * [[metawiki:WMDE Technical Wishes/Improved Color Scheme of Syntax Highlighting#Color-blind_mode|project page]], [[metawiki:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/Improved Color Scheme of Syntax Highlighting|talk page]] Deployment is planned for May 10. This is the last set of improvements from [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes|WMDE Technical Wishes']] focus area “[[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Templates|Templates]]”. We would love to hear your feedback on our talk pages! </div> -- [[m:User:Johanna Strodt (WMDE)|Johanna Strodt (WMDE)]] 29 Seeɗto 2022 à 11:13 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Johanna Strodt (WMDE)@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Technical_Wishes_News_list_all_village_pumps&oldid=23222263 --> == <span lang="fr" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Édition de l’actualité 2022 n°1</span> == <div lang="fr" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="message"/><i>[[metawiki:VisualEditor/Newsletter/2022/April|Lire dans une autre langue]] • [[m:VisualEditor/Newsletter|Liste d’abonnement à cette lettre d’information multilingue]]</i> [[File:Junior Contributor New Topic Tool Completion Rate.png|thumb|Les nouveaux éditeurs ont eu plus de succès avec ce nouvel outil.]] L'[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools#New discussion tool|outil de Nouveau thème]] aide des éditeurs à créer de nouvelles ==sections== dans des pages de discussion. Les nouveaux éditeurs ont eu plus de succès avec ce nouvel outil. Vous pouvez [[mw:Talk pages project/New topic#21 April 2022|lire le rapport]]. Bientôt, l'équipe d'édition l'offrira à tous les éditeurs des 20 Wikipedias qui ont participé au test. Vous pourrez le désactiver sur [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing-discussion]].<section end="message"/> </div> [[User:Whatamidoing (WMF)|Whatamidoing (WMF)]] 2 Duujal 2022 à 18:54 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/VisualEditor/Newsletter/Wikis_with_VE&oldid=22019984 --> == Appel à bénévoles des élections == <div lang="fr" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <languages/> Bonjour, L'équipe Stratégie et gouvernance du mouvement recherche des membres de la communauté pour servir de bénévoles des élections lors de la prochaine élection du conseil d'administration. Le programme de bénévoles des élections a commencé en 2021 lors de l'élection du conseil d'administration de la Wikimedia Foundation. Ce programme s'est avéré être un succès. Avec l'aide des bénévoles des élections, nous avons pu augmenter la sensibilisation et la participation à l'élection de 1 753 électeurs par rapport à 2017. Le taux de participation global était de 10,13 %, soit 1,1 point de pourcentage de plus, et 214 wikis étaient représentés lors de l'élection. Mais un total de 74 wikis qui n'ont pas participé en 2017 ont voté à l'élection de 2021. Pouvez-vous aider à améliorer la participation lors des élections de cette année ? Les bénévoles des élections apporteront leur aide dans les domaines suivants : * Traduire des messages courts et annoncer le processus électoral en cours dans les canaux communautaires. * Facultatif : Suivre les canaux de communication communautaires pour recueillir les commentaires et les questions de la communauté Les bénévoles doivent : * Maintenir la politique de l'espace convivial pendant les conversations et les événements. * Présenter les directives et les informations de vote à la communauté de manière neutre. Voulez-vous être un bénévole électoral et faire en sorte que votre communauté soit représentée lors du vote ? Inscrivez-vous sur [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Election Volunteers/About|cette page Meta-wiki]] pour recevoir des mises à jour. Vous pouvez utiliser [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Talk:Movement Strategy and Governance/Election Volunteers/About|la page de discussions]] pour toute question concernant les traductions. Bien à vous, </div> [[User:MPossoupe (WMF)|MPossoupe (WMF)]] 3 Duujal 2022 à 06:33 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:MPossoupe (WMF)@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Movement_Strategy_and_Governance/Delivery/fr&oldid=23008845 --> == <span lang="fr" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Rapport sur les commentaires des électeurs et électrices concernant la ratification des directives d'application du Code de Conduite Universel (UCoC)</span> == <div lang="fr" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''<div class="plainlinks">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines/Voting/Report/Announcement|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines/Voting/Report/Announcement}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]</div>'' Bonjour, L'équipe du projet UCoC a terminé l'analyse des commentaires accompagnant le vote de ratification des directives d'application du code de conduite universel. Après l'achèvement de la rédaction des directives d'application de l'UCoC en 2022, celles-ci ont été soumises au vote de la communauté wikimédienne. Les votes provenaient de 137 communautés, les 9 premières communautés étant : Wikipédia en anglais, allemand, français, russe, polonais, espagnol, chinois, japonais, italien et Meta-wiki. Les votant.es ont eu la possibilité de faire des commentaires sur le contenu du projet de document. 658 participant.es ont laissé des commentaires. 77% des commentaires sont rédigés en anglais. Les votant.es ont exprimé leurs opinions dans 24 langues, les plus nombreuses étant l'anglais (508), l'allemand (34), le japonais (28), le français (25) et le russe (12). Un rapport sera envoyé au comité de rédaction chargé de la révision qui affinera les directives d'application sur la base des commentaires de la communauté reçus lors du vote qui vient de se terminer. Une version publique du rapport est [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines/Voting/Report|'''publiée en plusieurs langues sur Meta-wiki ici''']]. {{int:please-translate}} Encore une fois, nous remercions toutes celles et tous ceux qui ont participé au vote et aux discussions. Nous invitons tout le monde à contribuer lors des prochaines discussions communautaires. Plus d'informations sur le Code de Conduite Universel et les directives d'application peuvent être trouvées [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Project|sur Meta-wiki]]. Au nom de l'équipe projet UCoC<br /><section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[User:MPossoupe (WMF)|MPossoupe (WMF)]] 23 Duujal 2022 à 15:41 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:MPossoupe (WMF)@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Movement_Strategy_and_Governance/Delivery/fr&oldid=23008845 --> == <span lang="fr" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Révisions des directives d'application du Code de conduite universel (UCoC)</span> == <div lang="fr" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''<div class="plainlinks">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines/Revision discussions/Announcement|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines/Revision discussions/Announcement}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]</div>'' Bonjour, Après le vote de la communauté sur les directives d'application de l'UCoC en mars, le [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Community Affairs Committee|Comité des affaires communautaires (CAC)]] du Conseil [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikimedia-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/JAYQN3NYKCHQHONMUONYTI6WRKZFQNSC/ a demandé que plusieurs points des directives soient revus pour être améliorés] avant que le Conseil ne procède à son examen final. Ces points ont été identifiés sur la base des discussions communautaires et des commentaires fournis lors du vote. Le CAC a également demandé la révision de la note controversée de la section 3.1 de l'UCoC. Une fois de plus, un grand merci à toutes les personnes qui ont voté, en particulier à celles qui ont fait des commentaires constructifs et des remarques ! L'équipe travaille avec le conseil d'administration pour établir un calendrier pour ce travail, et le communiquera le mois prochain. Les membres des deux précédents [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Drafting committee|comités de rédaction de l'UCoC]] ont généreusement offert leur temps pour contribuer à l'amélioration des directives. Vous pouvez en savoir plus sur eux et leur travail [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Drafting committee#Revisions_Committee|ici]], et lire les [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Drafting_committee/Phase_2_meeting_summaries#2022|résumés de leurs réunions hebdomadaires de cette année]]. Les membres de la communauté ont fait de nombreux commentaires précieux lors du vote et dans d'autres conversations. Étant donné la taille et la diversité de la communauté Wikimedia, il y a encore plus de voix qui peuvent donner des idées sur la façon d'améliorer les directives d'application et ajouter des idées encore plus précieuses au processus. Afin d'aider le comité de révision à identifier les améliorations à apporter, nous vous demandons de répondre à plusieurs questions qui seront soumises à l'examen du comité. Visitez les pages Meta-wiki ([[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Enforcement_guidelines/Revision_discussions|Discussions sur la révision des directives d'application]], [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Policy text/Revision_discussions|Discussions sur la révision du texte de l'UcoC]]) pour faire part de vos idées au comité. Il est très important que les points de vue des différentes communautés soient entendus avant que le comité ne commence à rédiger des propositions de révision. Au nom de l'équipe du projet UCoC <br /><section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[User:MPossoupe (WMF)|MPossoupe (WMF)]] 6 Korse 2022 à 17:24 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:MPossoupe (WMF)@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Movement_Strategy_and_Governance/Delivery/fr&oldid=23008845 --> == Results of Wiki Loves Folklore 2022 is out! == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> {{int:please-translate}} [[File:Wiki Loves Folklore Logo.svg|right|150px|frameless]] Hi, Greetings The winners for '''[[c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2022|Wiki Loves Folklore 2022]]''' is announced! We are happy to share with you winning images for this year's edition. This year saw over 8,584 images represented on commons in over 92 countries. Kindly see images '''[[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2022/Winners|here]]''' Our profound gratitude to all the people who participated and organized local contests and photo walks for this project. We hope to have you contribute to the campaign next year. '''Thank you,''' '''Wiki Loves Folklore International Team''' --[[Utilisateur:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Discussion utilisateur:MediaWiki message delivery|yeewtu]]) 4 Morso 2022 à 16:12 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message envoyé par User:Tiven2240@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Non-Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&oldid=23454230 --> == <span lang="fr" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Proposez des déclarations pour la boussole électorale 2022</span> == <div lang="fr" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Announcement/Propose statements for the 2022 Election Compass| Ce message est également traduit dans d'autres langues sur Meta-wiki.]]'' :''<div class="plainlinks">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Announcement/Propose statements for the 2022 Election Compass|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Announcement/Propose statements for the 2022 Election Compass}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]</div>'' Bonjour, Dans le cadre des [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022|élections 2022 du conseil d'administration,]] des volontaires sont [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2022/Community_Voting/Election_Compass|invités à proposer des déclarations à utiliser dans la boussole électorale]]. Une boussole électorale est un outil destiné à aider les électrices et les électeurs à choisir les candidates et les candidats qui correspondent le mieux à leurs convictions et à leurs opinions. Les membres de la communauté proposeront des déclarations auxquelles les candidates et les candidats devront répondre en utilisant une échelle de Lickert (d'accord/neutre/désaccord). Les réponses des candidats aux déclarations seront chargées dans l'outil Boussole électorale. Les électrices et électeurs utiliseront l'outil en entrant leur réponse aux déclarations (d'accord/désaccord/neutre). Les résultats montreront les candidates et les candidats qui correspondent le mieux aux croyances et aux opinions de l'électeur ou de l'électrice. Pour proposer une déclaration, il suffit d'accéder à [[m:Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2022/Community_Voting/Election_Compass/Statements|cette page Meta-wiki]]. Les 15 meilleures déclarations seront sélectionnées par le comité des élections au début du mois d'août. Voici le calendrier : * Du 8 au 20 juillet : les volontaires proposent des déclarations pour la boussole électorale. * Du 21 au 22 juillet : le comité des élections vérifie que les déclarations sont claires et supprime les déclarations hors sujet. * Du 23 juillet au 1er août : les volontaires votent les déclarations. * Du 2 au 4 août : le comité des élections sélectionne les 15 meilleures déclarations. * Du 5 au 12 août : les candidates et candidats se positionnent par rapport aux déclarations. * 15 août : ouverture de la boussole électorale afin que les électrices et électeurs puissent l'utiliser pour orienter leur décision de vote. Le comité des élections supervisera le processus, avec le soutien de l'équipe Stratégie et Gouvernance du Mouvement. Elle vérifiera que les déclarations sont claires, qu'il n'y a pas de doublons, pas de fautes de frappe, etc. Bien à vous, L'équipe Stratégie et Gouvernance du Mouvement ''Ce message a été envoyé au nom du groupe de travail pour la sélection des membres du conseil d'administration et du comité des élections''.<br /><section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[User:MPossoupe (WMF)|MPossoupe (WMF)]] 11 Morso 2022 à 16:02 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:MPossoupe (WMF)@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Movement_Strategy_and_Governance/Delivery/fr&oldid=23008845 --> == <span lang="fr" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Découvrez les 6 candidat.es présectionné.es pour l'élection 2022 du conseil d'administration de la Wikimedia Foundation</span> == <div lang="fr" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content"/> :''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Announcement/Announcing the six candidates for the 2022 Board of Trustees election| Ce message est également traduit dans d'autres langues sur Meta-wiki.]]'' :''<div class="plainlinks">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Announcement/Announcing the six candidates for the 2022 Board of Trustees election|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Announcement/Announcing the six candidates for the 2022 Board of Trustees election}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]</div>'' Bonjour, '''Le processus de vote des affiliés est terminé.''' Les représentant.es de chaque organisation affiliée se sont renseigné.es sur les candidat.es en lisant leurs déclarations, en examinant leurs réponses aux questions et en tenant compte de l'évaluation des candidat.es fournie par le comité d'analyse. Les candidat.es sélectionné.es pour le Conseil d'administration 2022 sont : * Tobechukwu Precious Friday ([[User:Tochiprecious|Tochiprecious]]) * Farah Jack Mustaklem ([[User:Fjmustak|Fjmustak]]) * Shani Evenstein Sigalov ([[User:Esh77|Esh77]]) * Kunal Mehta ([[User:Legoktm|Legoktm]]) * Michał Buczyński ([[User:Aegis Maelstrom|Aegis Maelstrom]]) * Mike Peel ([[User:Mike Peel|Mike Peel]]) Plus d'informations sur les [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Results|Résultats]] et les [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Stats|statistiques]] de cette élection du Conseil d'administration. Nous remercions les représentant.es des affiliés et les membres du comité d'analyse pour leur participation à ce processus et pour avoir contribué à accroître la capacité et la diversité du conseil d'administration. Ces heures de travail bénévole nous permettent de mieux comprendre et de mieux appréhender les choses. Nous vous remercions de votre participation. Merci aux membres de la communauté qui se sont portés candidats au conseil d'administration. Envisager de rejoindre le conseil d'administration n'est pas une décision anodine. Le temps et le dévouement dont les candidats et candidates ont fait preuve jusqu'à présent témoignent de leur engagement envers ce mouvement. Félicitations aux candidat.es qui ont été sélectionné.es. Beaucoup de reconnaissance et de gratitude pour les candidat.es non sélectionné.es. Veuillez continuer à partager votre leadership avec le mouvement Wikimedia. Merci à celles et ceux qui ont suivi le processus des affiliés lors de cette élection du Conseil. Vous pouvez consulter les résultats du processus de sélection des affiliés. '''La prochaine étape du processus de l'élection du conseil d'administration est la période de vote de la communauté.''' [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022#Timeline|Vous pouvez consulter le calendrier des élections du conseil d'administration ici]]. Pour vous préparer à la période de vote de la communauté, il y a plusieurs choses que les membres de la communauté sont invités à faire : * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Candidates|Lire les déclarations des candidat.es]] et lire les réponses des candidat.es aux questions posées par les représentant.es des affiliés. * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2022/Community_Voting/Questions_for_Candidates|Proposer et sélectionner les 6 questions auxquelles les candidats et candidates devront répondre dans leurs vidéos Questions & Réponses]]. * Voir l'[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Candidates|évaluation des candidats par le comité d'analyse sur la base de la déclaration de leurs déclarations]]. * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Community Voting/Election Compass|Proposer des déclarations pour la boussole électorale]] que les électeur.trices peuvent utiliser pour identifier les candidat.e.s qui correspondent le mieux à leurs principes. * Encourager d'autres personnes de votre communauté à participer à l'élection. Bien à vous, Stratégie et Gouvernance du Mouvement ''Ce message a été envoyé au nom du groupe de travail sur la sélection des membres du conseil d'administration et du comité des élections'' </div><section end="announcement-content"/> </div> [[User:MPossoupe (WMF)|MPossoupe (WMF)]] 21 Morso 2022 à 13:53 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:MPossoupe (WMF)@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Movement_Strategy_and_Governance/Delivery/fr&oldid=23008845 --> == <span lang="fr" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Nouvelles de la Stratégie et de la Gouvernance du Mouvement – Numéro 7</span> == <div lang="fr" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="msg-newsletter"/> <div style = "line-height: 1.2"> <span style="font-size:200%;">'''Nouvelles de la Stratégie et de la Gouvernance du Mouvement'''</span><br> <span style="font-size:120%; color:#404040;">'''Numéro 7 - juillet-septembre 2022'''</span><span style="font-size:120%; float:right;">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/7|'''Lire le bulletin complet''']]</span> ---- Bienvenue au 7ème numéro des Nouvelles de la stratégie et de la gouvernance du mouvement ! Cette lettre d'information diffuse des nouvelles et des événements pertinents concernant la mise en œuvre des [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy/Initiatives|Recommandations de la stratégie du mouvement]] Wikimedia, d'autres sujets pertinents concernant la gouvernance du mouvement, ainsi que différents projets et activités soutenus par l'équipe Stratégie et Gouvernance du Mouvement (MSG) de la Wikimedia Foundation. La lettre d'information MSG est diffusée tous les trimestres, tandis que la [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy/Updates|"Movement Strategy Weekly"]], plus régulière, sera diffusée chaque semaine. N'oubliez pas de vous abonner [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/MSG Newsletter Subscription|ici]] si vous souhaitez recevoir les prochains numéros de cette lettre d'information. </div><div style="margin-top:3px; padding:10px 10px 10px 20px; background:#fffff; border:2px solid #808080; border-radius:4px; font-size:100%;"> * '''Accroître la pérennité de notre mouvement''' : Le rapport annuel sur la durabilité de la Wikimedia Foundation a été publié. ([[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/7#A1|continuer la lecture]]) * '''Améliorer l'expérience utilisateur''' : améliorations récentes de l'interface bureau pour les projets Wikimedia. ([[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/7#A2|continuer la lecture]]) * '''Garantir sécurité et inclusion''' : mise à jour du processus de révision des directives d'application du code de conduite universel. ([[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/7#A3|continuer la lecture]]) * '''Assurer l'équité dans la prise de décision''' : rapports des conversations des Hubs pilotes, progrès récents du Comité de rédaction de la Charte du mouvement, et un nouveau livre blanc pour le futur de la participation au sein mouvement Wikimedia. ([[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/7#A4|continuer la lecture]]) * '''Se coordonner entre parties prenantes''' : lancement d'un service d'aide pour les affiliés et les communautés de volontaires travaillant sur le partenariat de contenu. ([[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/7#A5|continuer la lecture]]) * '''Développement du leadership''' : mises à jour sur les projets de leadership des organisateurs et organisatrices du mouvement Wikimedia au Brésil et au Cap-Vert. ([[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/7#A6|continuer la lecture]]) * '''Gérer notre savoir interne''' : lancement d'un nouveau portail de documentation technique et de ressources communautaires. ([[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/7#A7|continuer la lecture]]) * '''Innover dans la connaissance libre''' : des ressources audiovisuelles de haute qualité pour les expériences scientifiques et une nouvelle boîte à outils pour enregistrer les transcriptions orales. ([[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/7#A8|continuer la lecture]]) * '''Evaluer, itérer et adapter''' : résultats du projet pilote Equity Landscape ([[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/7#A9|continuer la lecture]]) * '''Autres nouvelles et mises à jour''' : un nouveau forum pour discuter de la mise en œuvre de la stratégie de mouvement, la prochaine élection du conseil d'administration de la Wikimedia Foundation, un nouveau podcast pour discuter de la stratégie du mouvement, et un changement de personnel pour l'équipe Stratégie et Gouvernance du Mouvement de la fondation. ([[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/7#A10|continuer la lecture]]) </div><section end="msg-newsletter"/> </div> [[User:MPossoupe (WMF)|MPossoupe (WMF)]] 25 Morso 2022 à 09:33 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:MPossoupe (WMF)@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Movement_Strategy_and_Governance/Delivery/fr&oldid=23008845 --> == French fallback == The fallback language for this wiki is French. This means that things that are not translated into Fula are shown in French, rather than English. This was done in 2007 after [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T13266 a request] from the user Kasper Souren. I don't think that it was discussed much more than that. Fula is spoken in some French-speaking countries, but it's also spoken in English-speaking countries like Nigeria, Gambia, and others. Therefore, I'm not sure that it's good to show French to everyone. Should this configuration be removed, so that untranslated things are shown in English? [[Utilisateur:Amire80|Amir E. Aharoni]] ([[Discussion utilisateur:Amire80|yeewtu]]) 10 Juko 2022 à 12:37 (UTC) :Hello, :Currently, majority of the active Fula editors on Fulfulde Wikipedia are from countries where English serve as the official language. So, we will really appreciate it if the fallback language can be change to English. [[Utilisateur:Musaddam Idriss|Musaddam Idriss]] ([[Discussion utilisateur:Musaddam Idriss|yeewtu]]) 10 Juko 2022 à 15:46 (UTC) I'm also of the opinion that the fallback language of Fulah Wikipedia be changed to English language due to the fact that we the editors understand English more than French. [[Utilisateur:Ibrahim442|Ibrahim442]] ([[Discussion utilisateur:Ibrahim442|yeewtu]]) 10 Juko 2022 à 16:01 (UTC) == Namespaces == Hi, The Wikipedia in this language doesn't have namespaces translations. If you give them here, I'll do it for you. See the explanations here: # [[:translatewiki:Translating:MediaWiki#Translating namespace names]] # [[:translatewiki:Translating:MediaWiki/Basic glossary]] Simply reply to this message with the translations, or fill the following table. I have put some guesses that I found in the current translations, but I'm really not sure that they are correct. Please delete the wrong ones and write the correct things. {| class="wikitable" ! English name !! French name !! Arabic name !! <span style="white-space: nowrap">↓ ''Fula translations'' ↓</span> |- | Media || Média || ميديا || Meja |- | Special || Spécial || خاص || Keeriiɗum |- | Talk || Discussion || نقاش || Yeewtere |- | User || Utilisateur || مستخدم || Kuutoro |- | User talk || Discussion utilisateur || نقاش المستخدم || Yeewtere kuutoro |- | ''Wikipedia'' talk || Discussion Wikipedia || نقاش ويكيبيديا || Yeewtere Wikipediya |- | File || Fichier || ملف || Filde |- | File talk || Discussion fichier || نقاش الملف ||Yeewtere filde |- | MediaWiki || MediaWiki || ميدياويكي || MejaajeWiki |- | MediaWiki talk || Discussion MediaWiki || نقاش ميدياويكي || Yeewtere MejaajeWiki |- | Template || Modèle || قالب || Tiimtorde |- | Template talk || Discussion modèle || نقاش القالب || Yeewtere Tiimtorde |- | Help || Aide || مساعدة || Ballal |- | Help talk || Discussion aide || نقاش المساعدة || Yeewtere ballal |- | Category || Catégorie || تصنيف || Fedde |- | Category talk || Discussion catégorie || نقاش التصنيف || Yeewtere fedde |- | Module || Module || وحدة || Toɓɓere |- | Module talk || Discussion module || نقاش الوحدة || Yeewtere toɓɓere |- | Gadget || Gadget || إضافة || Gollirɗe |- | Gadget talk || Discussion gadget || نقاش الإضافة || Yeewtere gollirɗe |} You may find some of these names in [https://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special:Translate&group=mediawiki&language=ff&filter=translated&optional=1&action=page&uselang=ff the current interface translations]. Thank you! [[Utilisateur:Amire80|Amir E. Aharoni]] ([[Discussion utilisateur:Amire80|yeewtu]]) 11 Juko 2022 à 07:21 (UTC) :Hi @[[Utilisateur:Musaddam Idriss|Musaddam Idriss]], :Thanks for filling the table! :I have a few questions, however: :# Why is "Template talk" translated as "Deppe bolle"? I'd expect to have words that are similar to "Tiimtorde" and "yeewtere", but it's completely different. :# Why is the word "bolle" used for "talk" in "File talk", while the word "yeewtere" is used in most other places? :# The word "MediaWiki" is translated too strongly. It's a name, and it's ''probably'' supposed to remain the same, unless the spelling "MediaWiki" is completely unacceptable in your language. Can you please update the translations of "MediaWiki" and "MediaWiki talk" accordingly? :# Are you sure that "User" is "Kuutoro" and "User talk" is "Yeewtere kutirowoo"? Is the word for "User" supposed to be written differently when it's after "Yeewtere"? :# Are you sure that "Help" is "Ballital"? In translations on translatewiki, it's "Ballal". :# It's less important, but can you try adding the last for items, about modules and gadgets? :Thank you! [[Utilisateur:Amire80|Amir E. Aharoni]] ([[Discussion utilisateur:Amire80|yeewtu]]) 12 Juko 2022 à 14:01 (UTC) ::1. Many of these words are technological terms which we actually don't have them in Fulfulde language. If only my opinion counts, I would have preferred the existing word "Tiimtorde" but when I take it to other Fulah editors from my place, they tried to prefer "Doppe" instead which is why "bolle" become the right word to go along instead of "Yeewtere". ::2. Same applied to question 2 ::3. I did this by updating the above table ::4. That was a spelling mistake, I have corrected it too ::5. "Ballal" is the right word, it was my keypad's word auto completion setting that interfered on some of the spellings. ::6. We don't have them but will try to derived them to be used as for now. May be in the future someone will come and update them. ::Thank you for your time and support! [[Utilisateur:Musaddam Idriss|Musaddam Idriss]] ([[Discussion utilisateur:Musaddam Idriss|yeewtu]]) 15 Juko 2022 à 08:56 (UTC) == <span lang="fr" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Report du vote de l'élection 2022 du conseil d'administration de la Wikimedia Foundation</span> == <div lang="fr" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Announcement/Delay of Board of Trustees election| Ce message est également traduit dans d'autres langues sur Meta-wiki.]]'' :''<div class="plainlinks">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Announcement/Delay of Board of Trustees election|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Announcement/Delay of Board of Trustees election}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]</div>'' Bonjour, Je vous informe aujourd'hui d'un changement dans le calendrier du vote pour l'élection du conseil d'administration. Comme beaucoup d'entre vous le savent déjà, nous proposons cette année une [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2022/Community_Voting/Election_Compass|boussole électorale]] pour aider les électeurs et électrices à identifier le positionnement des personnes qui se sont portées candidates sur certains sujets clés. Plusieurs d'entre elles ont demandé une extension de la limite du nombre de caractères pour leurs réponses développant leurs positions, et le comité des élections a estimé que leur raisonnement était conforme aux objectifs d'un processus électoral juste et équitable. Pour garantir que les déclarations/affirmations les plus longues puissent être traduites à temps pour l'élection, le comité des élections et le groupe de travail pour la sélection des membres du conseil d'administration ont décidé de reporter d'une semaine l'ouverture du vote de l'élection du conseil d'administration - une période proposée comme idéale par l'équipe qui soutient l'élection. Bien que l'on ne s'attende pas à ce que tout le monde veuille utiliser la boussole électorale pour éclairer sa décision de vote, le comité des élections a estimé qu'il était plus approprié d'ouvrir la période de vote avec des traductions essentielles que les membres de la communauté, quelle que soit leur langue, pourront utiliser s'ils souhaitent prendre cette décision importante. Le vote sera ouvert le 23 août à 00:00 UTC et se terminera le 6 septembre à 23:59 UTC. Bien à vous, Matanya, de la part du comité des élections, <section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[User:MPossoupe (WMF)|MPossoupe (WMF)]] 16 Juko 2022 à 12:54 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:MPossoupe (WMF)@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Movement_Strategy_and_Governance/Delivery/fr&oldid=23008845 --> == Invitation à rejoindre le Forum de la Stratégie du Mouvement == Bonjour, Le [https://forum.movement-strategy.org/ Forum de la Stratégie du Mouvement (MS Forum)] est un espace collaboratif multilingue pour toutes les conversations sur la mise en œuvre de la Stratégie du Mouvement. Nous invitons toutes les personnes du Mouvement à collaborer sur le forum. Le but du forum est de construire une collaboration communautaire en utilisant une plateforme multilingue et inclusive. La [[m:Movement_Strategy|Stratégie du Mouvement]] est un effort de collaboration pour imaginer et construire l'avenir du Mouvement Wikimedia. Tout le monde peut contribuer à la Stratégie du mouvement, du simple commentaire au projet à part entière. [https://forum.movement-strategy.org/ Rejoignez] ce forum avec votre compte Wikimedia, participez aux conversations et posez des questions dans votre langue. L'équipe Stratégie et gouvernance du mouvement (MSG) a lancé la proposition pour ce Forum MS en mai. Après une période d'examen de deux mois, nous venons de publier le [https://forum.movement-strategy.org/t/ms-forum-community-review-report/1436 rapport] de la période de revue de la communauté. Il contient un résumé des discussions, des mesures et des informations sur les prochaines étapes. Hâte de vous voir sur le Forum ! Meilleures salutations, [[User:MPossoupe (WMF)|MPossoupe (WMF)]] 19 Juko 2022 à 18:24 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:MPossoupe (WMF)@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Movement_Strategy_and_Governance/Delivery/fr&oldid=23008845 --> == <span lang="fr" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Le vote de la communauté est maintenant ouvert - Élection 2022 du conseil d'administration de la Wikimedia Foundation</span> == <div lang="fr" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Announcement/The 2022 Board of Trustees election Community Voting period is now open| Ce message est également traduit dans d'autres langues sur Meta-wiki.]]'' :''<div class="plainlinks">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Announcement/The 2022 Board of Trustees election Community Voting period is now open|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Announcement/The 2022 Board of Trustees election Community Voting period is now open}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]</div>'' Bonjour, La période de vote communautaire pour l'[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022|élection 2022 du conseil d'administration]] est maintenant ouverte. Voici quelques liens utiles qui vous permettront de trouver les informations dont vous avez besoin pour voter : * Essayez la [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Community_Voting/Election_Compass|boussole électorale]], qui montre la position des candidats et candidates sur 15 sujets différents. * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Candidates|Lisez les déclarations des candidats et candidates]] [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2022/Affiliate_Organization_Participation/Candidate_Questions|ainsi que leurs réponses aux questions des affiliés]]. * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Apply to be a Candidate|En savoir plus sur les compétences recherchées par le conseil d'administration]] et comment le [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Candidates|Comité d'analyse a trouvé que les candidats et candidates correspondent à ces compétences]]. Vous pouvez vous rendre sur [[Special:SecurePoll/vote/Wikimedia_Foundation_Board_Elections_2022|SecurePoll]] pour voter dès maintenant. '''Vous pouvez voter du 23 août à 00h00 UTC au 06 septembre 2022 à 23h59 UTC'''. Pour connaître votre éligibilité au vote, veuillez consulter la page [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2022/Voter_eligibility_guidelines|d'éligibilité au vote]]. Bien à vous, L'équipe Stratégie et Gouvernance du Mouvement ''Ce message a été envoyé au nom du groupe de travail pour la sélection des membres du conseil d'administration et du comité des élections''.<br /><section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[User:MPossoupe_(WMF)|MPossoupe_(WMF)]] 23 Juko 2022 à 08:25 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:MPossoupe (WMF)@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Movement_Strategy_and_Governance/Delivery/fr&oldid=23008845 --> == <span lang="fr" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> La période de vote de la communauté pour l'élection 2022 du conseil d'administration va bientôt se terminer</span> == <div lang="fr" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Announcement/The 2022 Board of Trustees election Community Voting is about to Close| Ce message est également traduit dans d'autres langues sur Meta-wiki.]]'' :''<div class="plainlinks">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Announcement/The 2022 Board of Trustees election Community Voting about to Close|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Announcement/The 2022 Board of Trustees election Community Voting is about to Close}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]</div>'' Bonjour, La période de vote de la communauté pour l'élection 2022 du conseil d'administration de la Wikimedia Foundation a commencé le 23 août 2022 et se terminera le 6 septembre 2022 à 23h59 UTC. C'est encore le moment de participer à cette élection. Si vous n'avez pas encore voté, veuillez consulter la [[Special:SecurePoll/vote/Wikimedia_Foundation_Board_Elections_2022|page de vote SecurePoll]] pour voter dès maintenant. Pour connaître votre éligibilité, veuillez visiter la [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2022/Voter_eligibility_guidelines|page d'éligibilité]]. Si vous avez besoin d'aide pour prendre votre décision, voici quelques liens utiles : * Essayez la [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2022/Community_Voting/Election_Compass|boussole électorale]], montrant comment les candidats se situent sur 15 sujets différents. * Lisez les [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Candidates|déclarations des candidats]] ainsi que [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Affiliate_Organization_Participation/Candidate_Questions|leurs réponses aux questions des affiliés]]. *[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Apply to be a Candidate|En savoir plus sur les compétences recherchées par le Conseil]] et comment [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Candidates| Le comité d'analyse a trouvé que les candidats correspondaient à ces compétences]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2022/Campaign_Videos|Regardez les vidéos des candidats répondant aux questions proposées par la communauté]]. Bien à vous, L'équipe Stratégie et Gouvernance du Mouvement<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[User:MPossoupe_(WMF)|MPossoupe_(WMF)]]31 Juko 2022 à 14:58 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:MPossoupe (WMF)@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Movement_Strategy_and_Governance/Delivery/fr&oldid=23708250 --> == Plus que quelques heures pour voter - élections 2022 du conseil d'administration de la Wikimedia Foundation == Bonjour, Encore quelques heures pour voter pour choisir les 2 nouveaux administrateurs ou nouvelles administratrices au conseil d'administration de la Wikimedia Foundation. Si vous n'avez pas encore voté, c'est le moment. Il suffit d'accéder à cette [[m:Special:SecurePoll/vote/393|page Meta-wiki]]. Voici quelques ressources pour vous aider à prendre votre décision : * Essayez la [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2022/Community_Voting/Election_Compass|boussole électorale]], montrant comment les candidats se situent sur 15 sujets différents ; * Lisez les [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Candidates|professions de foi des candidats]] ainsi que [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Affiliate_Organization_Participation/Candidate_Questions|leurs réponses aux questions des affiliés]] ; * Informez-vous sur [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Apply to be a Candidate|les compétences recherchées par le Conseil]] et [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Candidates|l’évaluation de ces compétences chez les candidats par une commission dédiée]] ; * Regardez [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2022/Campaign_Videos|les vidéos des candidats répondant aux questions posées par la communauté]]. Consultez [[m:Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2022/Stats|la page des statistiques]] pour voir les chiffres du vote. Bien à vous, [[User:MPossoupe_(WMF)|MPossoupe_(WMF)]] 6 Siilto 2022 à 07:52 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:MPossoupe (WMF)@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Movement_Strategy_and_Governance/Delivery/fr&oldid=23708250 --> == Version révisée des directives d’application du code de conduite universel (UCoC) == Bonjour, Le comité de révision des directives d'application du code de conduite universel (UCoC) sollicite vos commentaires concernant la [[m:Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Revised_enforcement_guidelines|version révisée des directives d'application]]. Cette période de revue est ouverte du 8 septembre au 8 octobre 2022. Vous pouvez partager vos commentaires en plusieurs endroits et dans la langue de votre choix. Des discussions en direct sont également prévues. Veuillez consulter cette [[m:Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Revised_enforcement_guidelines/Conversation_hours|page Meta-wiki]] pour connaître les horaires et les détails. L'équipe de facilitation espère la participation du plus grand nombre de communautés. Si vous ne voyez pas de conversation se dérouler dans votre communauté, veuillez organiser une discussion. Les facilitateurs peuvent vous aider à mettre en place des conversations. Les discussions seront résumées et présentées au comité de rédaction toutes les deux semaines. Les résumés seront publiés sur cette [[m:Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Drafting_committee/Digests|page Meta-wiki]]. Bien à vous, [[User:MPossoupe (WMF)|MPossoupe (WMF)]] 10:15, 13 Siilto 2022 (UTC)  <!-- Message sent by User:MPossoupe (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Movement_Strategy_and_Governance/Delivery/fr&oldid=23708250 --> == The Vector 2022 skin as the default in two weeks? == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> [[File:Wikimania 2022 Vector (2022) Presentation.pdf|thumb|The slides for our presentation at Wikimania 2022|page=26]] Hello. I'm writing on behalf of the [[mw:Reading/Web|Wikimedia Foundation Web team]]. '''In two weeks, we would like to make the Vector 2022 skin the default on this wiki.''' We have been working on it for the past three years. So far, it has been the default on more than 30 wikis, including sister projects, all accounting for more than 1 billion pageviews per month. On average [[phab:T317529#8246686|87% of active logged-in users]] of those wikis use Vector 2022. It would become the default for all logged-out users, and also all logged-in users who currently use Vector legacy. Logged-in users can at any time switch to [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-rendering|any other skins]]. No changes are expected for users of these skins. <div style="width:100%; margin:auto;"><gallery widths="220" heights="150" mode="packed" caption="Top of an article"> Screenshot Historia da moeda do Tíbet - 2022-09-22 - Vector 2010 top.png|Vector legacy (current default) Screenshot Historia da moeda do Tíbet - 2022-09-22 - Vector 2022 top.png|Vector 2022 </gallery><gallery widths="220" heights="150" mode="packed" caption="A section of an article"> Screenshot Historia da moeda do Tíbet - 2022-09-22 - Vector 2010 scrolled.png|Vector legacy (current default) Screenshot Historia da moeda do Tíbet - 2022-09-22 - Vector 2022 scrolled.png|Vector 2022 </gallery></div> === About the skin === '''[Why is a change necessary]''' The current default skin meets the needs of the readers and editors as these were 13 years ago. Since then, new users have begun using Wikimedia projects. [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2022/08/18/prioritizing-equity-within-wikipedias-new-desktop/ The old Vector doesn't meet their needs.] '''[Objective]''' The objective for the new skin is to make the interface more welcoming and comfortable for readers and useful for advanced users. It draws inspiration from previous requests, the [[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Community_Wishlist_Survey|Community Wishlist Surveys]], and gadgets and scripts. The work helped our code follow the standards and improve all other skins. [[phab:phame/post/view/290/how_and_why_we_moved_our_skins_to_mustache/|We reduced PHP code in Wikimedia deployed skins by 75%]]. The project has also focused on making it easier to support gadgets and use APIs. '''[Changes and test results]''' The skin introduces a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements/Features|series of changes]] that improve readability and usability. The new skin does not remove any functionality currently available on the Vector skin. * The sticky header makes it easier to find tools that editors use often. It decreases scrolling to the top of the page by 16%. * The new table of contents makes it easier to navigate to different sections. Readers and editors jumped to different sections of the page 50% more than with the old table of contents. It also looks a bit different on talk pages. * The new search bar is easier to find and makes it easier to find the correct search result from the list. This increased the amount of searches started by 30% on the wikis we tested on. * The skin does not negatively affect pageviews, edit rates, or account creation. There is evidence of increases in pageviews and account creation across partner communities. '''[Try it out]''' Try out the new skin by going to the appearance tab in [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-rendering|your preferences]] and selecting Vector 2022 from the list of skins. === How can editors change and customize this skin? === It's possible to configure and personalize our changes. We support volunteers who create new gadgets and user scripts. Check out [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements/Repository|our repository]] for a list of currently available customizations, or add your own. === Our plan === '''If no large concerns are raised, we plan on deploying in the week of October 3, 2022'''. If your community would like to request more time to discuss the changes, hit the button and write to us. We can adjust the calendar. <div style="text-align: center;">[[mw:Talk:Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements|<span class="plainlinks mw-ui-button">Request for more time to discuss the change</span>]]</div> If you'd like ask our team anything, if you have questions, concerns, or additional thoughts, please ping me here or write on the [[mw:Talk:Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements|talk page of the project]]. We will gladly answer! Also, [[mw:Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements/Frequently asked questions|see our FAQ]]. Thank you! [[mw:User:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|SGrabarczuk (WMF)]] ([[mw:User talk:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|talk]]) 04:15, 22 Siilto 2022 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:SGrabarczuk (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:SGrabarczuk_(WMF)/sandbox/MM/Varia&oldid=23838600 --> ---- === L'habillage Vector 2022 par défaut dans deux semaines ? === [[File:Wikimania 2022 Vector (2022) Presentation.pdf|thumb|Les diapositives de notre présentation à Wikimania 2022|page=26]] {{int:Hello}}, je vous écris pour le compte de l'[[mw:Reading/Web|Équipe Web de la Fondation Wikimédia]]. '''Dans deux semaines, nous aimerions que Vector 2022 devienne l'habillage par défaut sur ce wiki.''' Nous y travaillons depuis trois ans. Jusqu'à présent, il a été adopté par défaut sur plus de 30 wikis, y compris des projets frères, qui représentent plus d'un milliard d'accès aux pages par mois. En moyenne, [[phab:T317529#8246686|87 % des utilisateurs actifs connectés]] de ces wikis utilisent Vector 2022. Il deviendrait l'habillage par défaut pour tous les utilisateurs non connectés, ainsi que pour tous les utilisateurs connectés qui actuellement utilisent Vector Legacy. Les utilisateurs connectés peuvent à tout moment adopter n'importe [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-rendering|quel autre habillage]]. Aucun changement est prévu pour les utilisateurs de ces habillages. <div style="width:100%; margin:auto;"><gallery widths="220" heights="150" mode="packed" caption="En haut de la page"> Screenshot Historia da moeda do Tíbet - 2022-09-22 - Vector 2010 top.png|Vector Legacy (l'actuelle interface par défaut) Screenshot Historia da moeda do Tíbet - 2022-09-22 - Vector 2022 top.png|Vector 2022 </gallery><gallery widths="220" heights="150" mode="packed" caption="Une section d'une page"> Screenshot Historia da moeda do Tíbet - 2022-09-22 - Vector 2010 scrolled.png|Vector Legacy (l'interface par défaut actuelle) Screenshot Historia da moeda do Tíbet - 2022-09-22 - Vector 2022 scrolled.png|Vector 2022 </gallery></div> === À propos de l'interface === '''[Pourquoi un changement est-il nécessaire]''' L'actuelle interface par défaut répondait aux attentes des lecteurs et des contributeurs tels qu'ils étaient il y a 13 ans. Depuis lors, de nouveaux utilisateurs ont commencé à utiliser les projets Wikimédia. [[wmfblog:2022/08/18/prioritizing-equity-within-wikipedias-new-desktop/ |L'ancienne interface Vector ne répond pas à leurs attentes.]] '''[But]''' Le but visé par le nouvel habillage est de rendre l'interface plus accueillante et confortable pour les lecteurs, et plus utile pour les utilisateurs expérimentés. Il s'inspire des demandes préalables, de la [[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Community_Wishlist_Survey|Consultation des souhaits de la communauté]], des gadgets et des scripts. Ce travail a permis à notre code de respecter les standards et d'améliorer tous les autres habillages. [[phab:phame/post/view/290/how_and_why_we_moved_our_skins_to_mustache/|Nous avons réduit de 75 % le code PHP dans les habillages déployés par la Wikimédia]]. Le projet s'est également attaché à faciliter la prise en charge des gadgets et l'utilisation des API. '''[Changements et résultats des tests]''' L'habillage introduit une [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements/Features|série de changements]] qui améliorent la lisibilité et l'utilisabilité. Le nouvel habillage ne supprime aucune des fonctionnalités actuellement disponibles sur l'ancien Vector. * L'entête figé permet de trouver plus facilement les outils que les contributeurs utilisent couramment. Il diminue de 16 % le défilement vers le haut de la page. * Le nouveau sommaire facilite la navigation entre les diverses sections. Les lecteurs et les contributeurs sont passé d'une section à l'autre de la page 50 % plus souvent qu'avec l'ancien sommaire. L'apparence est également un peu différente sur les pages de discussion. * La nouvelle barre de recherche est plus facile à trouver et facilite la découverte du résultat de la recherche correct à partir d'une liste. Cela a augmenté le nombre de recherches lancées de 30 % sur les wikis que nous avons testés. * L'habillage n'affecte pas négativement les pages visitées, les taux d'édition ou la création de comptes. Il est prouvé que les communautés partenaires ont connu une augmentation du nombre de pages visitées et de comptes créés. '''[Essayez-le]''' Essayez le nouvel habillage, en allant dans l'onglet Apparence de [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-rendering|vos préférences]] et en sélectionnant Vector 2022 dans la liste des habillages. === Comment les utilisateurs peuvent-ils modifier et personnaliser cet habillage ? === Il est possible de configurer et personnaliser nos changements. Nous fournissons le support aux volontaires qui créent des nouveaux gadgets et scripts utilisateur. Consultez [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements/Repository|notre dépôt]] pour la liste des personnalisations actuellement disponibles, ou ajoutez les vôtres. === Notre plan === '''Si aucun problème majeur n'est soulevé, nous prévoyons le déploiement dans le courant de la semaine du 3 octobre 2022.''' Si votre communauté souhaite demander plus de temps pour discuter les changements, cliquez sur le bouton et écrivez-nous. On peut adapter le calendrier. <div style="text-align: center;">[[mw:Talk:Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements|<span class="plainlinks mw-ui-button">Demande de temps supplémentaire<br>pour discuter du changement</span>]]</div> Si vous souhaitez demander quoi que ce soit à notre équipe, si vous avez des questions, des remarques ou des idées supplémentaires, notifiez-moi ci-dessous ou écrivez sur la [[mw:Talk:Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements|page de discussion du projet]]. Nous serons ravis de vous répondre ! Vous pouvez également consulter notre [[mw:Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements/Frequently asked questions|Foire aux questions]]. {{int:Feedback-thanks-title}} <small>Traduit par --[[User:Patafisik (WMF)|Patafisik (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Patafisik (WMF)|yeewtu]]) 09:43, 26 Siilto 2022 (UTC)</small> == <span lang="fr" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Résultats préliminaires de l'élection 2022 du conseil d'administration de la Wikimedia Foundation</span> == <div lang="fr" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Announcement/Announcing the preliminary results of the 2022 Board of Trustees election Community Voting period| Ce message est également traduit dans d'autres langues sur Meta-wiki.]]'' :''<div class="plainlinks">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Announcement/Announcing the preliminary results of the 2022 Board of Trustees election Community Voting period|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Announcement/Announcing the preliminary results of the 2022 Board of Trustees election Community Voting period}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]</div>'' Bonjour, Merci à tous ceux et toutes celles qui ont participé à l'[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022|élection 2022 du conseil d'administration]]. Votre participation aide à choisir les administrateurs que la communauté recherche au sein du conseil d'administration de la Wikimedia Foundation. Voici les résultats préliminaires de l'élection 2022 du conseil d'administration : * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Candidates/Shani_Evenstein_Sigalov|Shani Evenstein Sigalov]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Candidates/Mike Peel|Mike Peel]] Plus d'informations sur les [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Results|résultats]] et les [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Stats|statistiques]] de cette élection du Conseil d'administration. Le conseil achèvera l'examen des 2 candidats ayant reçu le plus de votes, y compris la vérification des antécédents. Le conseil prévoit de nommer les nouveaux administrateurs lors de sa réunion de décembre. Bien à vous, Stratégie et Gouvernance du Mouvement ''Ce message a été envoyé au nom du groupe de travail pour la sélection des membres du conseil d'administration et du comité des élections''.<br /><section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[User:MPossoupe_(WMF)|MPossoupe_(WMF)]] 07:33, 22 Siilto 2022 (UTC)  <!-- Message sent by User:MPossoupe (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Movement_Strategy_and_Governance/Delivery/fr&oldid=23708250 --> == Update on Vector 2022 == [[File:Screenshot Historia da moeda do Tíbet - 2022-09-22 - Vector 2022 scrolled.png|thumb]] <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Hello. I'm sorry for not communicating in your language. I'll be grateful if you translated my message. I'm writing on behalf of the [[mw:Reading/Web|Web team]] working on the new skin, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements|Vector 2022]]. We wanted to apologize for the delays in the deployment of Vector 2022. We know many of you are waiting for this eagerly. We have been delaying the deployment because we have been working on the logos. It has taken us more time than originally expected. Once the logos are ready, we will let you know the exact date of deployment. '''We are planning for either the next (more likely) or the following week'''. If your wiki doesn't currently have a localized logo, we encourage you to [[mw:Talk:Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements|reach out to us]] and we can help make one. We invite you to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements#contact|get involved in the project]]. Contact us if you have any questions or need any help, particularly with the compatibility of gadgets and user scripts. Thank you! [[User:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|SGrabarczuk (WMF)]] ([[User talk:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|talk]]) 23:24, 19 Yarkomaa 2022 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:SGrabarczuk (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:SGrabarczuk_(WMF)/sandbox/MM/Varia&oldid=23955535 --> == Invitation to attend “Ask Me Anything about Movement Charter” Sessions == <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Community Consultation/Announcement/Ask Me Anything Sessions|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]]'' :''<div class="plainlinks">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Community Consultation/Announcement/Ask Me Anything Sessions|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Movement Charter/Community Consultation/Announcement/Ask Me Anything Sessions}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}] Hello all, During the 2022 Wikimedia Summit, the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee|Movement Charter Drafting Committee]] (MCDC) presented the first outline of the Movement Charter, giving a glimpse on the direction of its future work, and the Charter itself. The MCDC then integrated the initial feedback collected during the Summit. Before proceeding with writing the Charter for the whole Movement, the MCDC wants to interact with community members and gather feedback on the drafts of the three sections: Preamble, Values & Principles, and Roles & Responsibilities (intentions statement). The Movement Charter drafts will be available on the Meta page [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Content|here]] on November 14, 2022. Community wide consultation period on MC will take place from November 20 to December 18, 2022. Learn more about it [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Community Consultation|here]]. With the goal of ensuring that people are well informed to fully participate in the conversations and are empowered to contribute their perspective on the Movement Charter, three '''“Ask Me Anything about Movement Charter"''' sessions have been scheduled in different time zones. Everyone in the Wikimedia Movement is invited to attend these conversations. The aim is to learn about Movement Charter - its goal, purpose, why it matters, and how it impacts your community. MCDC members will attend these sessions to answer your questions and hear community feedback. The “Ask Me Anything” sessions accommodate communities from different time zones. Only the presentation of the session is recorded and shared afterwards, no recording of conversations. Below is the list of planned events: *<s>'''Asia/Pacific''': November 4, 2022 at 09:00 UTC ([https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1667552400 your local time]). Interpretation is available in Chinese and Japanese.</s> * '''Europe/MENA/Sub Saharan Africa''': November 12, 2022 at 15:00 UTC ([https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1668265257 your local time]). Interpretation is available in Arabic, French and Russian. * '''North and South America/ Western Europe''': November 12, 2022 at 15:00 UTC ([https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1668265257 your local time]). Interpretation is available in Spanish and Portuguese. On the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Community Consultation|Meta page]] you will find more details; Zoom links will be shared 48 hours ahead of the call. '''Call for Movement Charter Ambassadors''' Individuals or groups from all communities who wish to help include and start conversations in their communities on the Movement Charter are encouraged to become [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Movement Charter Ambassadors Program/About|Movement Charter Ambassadors]] (MC Ambassadors). MC Ambassadors will carry out their own activities and get financial support for enabling conversations in their own languages. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Team|Regional facilitators]] from the Movement Strategy and Governance team are available to support applicants with MC Ambassadors grantmaking. If you are interested please sign up [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Movement Charter Ambassadors Program/About|here]]. Should you have specific questions, please reach out to the MSG team via email: strategy2030@wikimedia.org or on the MS forum. We thank you for your time and participation. On behalf of the Movement Charter Drafting Committee,<section end="announcement-content" /> [[User:MNadzikiewicz (WMF)|MNadzikiewicz (WMF)]] 15:33, 7 Jolal 2022 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:MNadzikiewicz (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Movement_Strategy_and_Governance/Delivery&oldid=23914777 --> == Apply for Funding through the Movement Strategy Community Engagement Package to Support Your Community == :''{{More languages}}'' <section begin="announcement-content" /> The Wikimedia Movement Strategy implementation is a collaborative effort for all Wikimedians. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Grants:MSIG/About|Movement Strategy Implementation Grants]] support projects that take the current state of a [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy/Initiatives|Movement Strategy Initiative]] and push it one step forward. If you are looking for an example or some guide on how to engage your community further on Movement Strategy and the Movement Strategy Implementation Grants specifically, you may find this '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Grants:MSIG/Community Engagement Package|community engagement package]]''' helpful. The goal of this community engagement package is to support more people to access the funding they might need for the implementation work. By becoming a recipient of this grant, you will be able to support other community members to develop further grant applications that fit with your local contexts to benefit your own communities. With this package, the hope is to break down language barriers and to ensure community members have needed information on Movement Strategy to connect with each other. Movement Strategy is a two-way exchange, we can always learn more from the experiences and knowledge of Wikimedians everywhere. We can train and support our peers by using this package, so more people can make use of this great funding opportunity. If this information interests you or if you have any further thoughts or questions, please do not hesitate to reach out to us as your [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement_Strategy_and_Governance/Team|regional facilitators]] to discuss further. We will be more than happy to support you. When you are ready, follow the steps on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Grants:MSIG/About |this page]] to apply. We look forward to receiving your application. Best regards, <br> Movement Strategy and Governance Team <br> Wikimedia Foundation<section end="announcement-content" /> [[User:MNadzikiewicz (WMF)|MNadzikiewicz (WMF)]] 16:25, 14 Jolal 2022 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:MNadzikiewicz (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Movement_Strategy_and_Governance/Delivery&oldid=23914777 --> == Opportunities open for the Ombuds commission and the Case Review Committee == <section begin="announcement-content" /> <div style="margin:.2em 0 .5em;margin-{{#switch:{{PAGELANGUAGE}}|ar|arc|ary|arz|azb|bcc|bgn|ckb|bqi|dv|fa|fa-af|glk|ha-arab|he|kk-arab|kk-cn|ks|ku-arab|ms-arab|mzn|pnb|prd|ps|sd|ug|ur|ydd|yi=right|left}}:3ex;"> [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Legal department/Announcement/2023 OC and CRC appointments process|''You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.'']] ''<span class="plainlinks">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Legal department/Announcement/2023 OC and CRC appointments process|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Wikimedia Foundation Legal department/Announcement/2023 OC and CRC appointments process}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]</span>'' </div> Hi everyone! The Ombuds commission (OC) and the Case Review Committee (CRC) are looking for members. People are encouraged to nominate themselves or encourage others they feel would contribute to these groups to do so. There is more information below about the opportunity and the skills that are needed. '''About the Ombuds commission''' The Ombuds commission (OC) works on all Wikimedia projects to investigate complaints about violations of the privacy policy, especially in use of [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CheckUser policy|CheckUser]] and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Oversight policy|Oversight]] (also known as Suppression) tools. The Commission mediates between the parties of the investigation and, when violations of the policies are identified, advises the Wikimedia Foundation on best handling. They may also assist the General Counsel, the Chief Executive Officer, or the Board of Trustees of the Foundation in these investigations when legally necessary. For more on the OC's duties and roles, '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Ombuds commission|see Ombuds commission on Meta-Wiki]]'''. Volunteers serving in this role should be experienced Wikimedians, active on any project, who have previously used the CheckUser/Oversight tools OR who have the technical ability to understand these tools and the willingness to learn them. They must be able to communicate in English, the common language of the commission. They are expected to be able to engage neutrally in investigating these concerns and to know when to recuse when other roles and relationships may cause conflict. Commissioners will serve '''two-year terms''' (note that this is different from past years, when the terms have been for one year). '''About the Case Review Committee''' The Case Review Committee (CRC) reviews appeals of eligible Trust & Safety office actions. The CRC is a critical layer of oversight to ensure that Wikimedia Foundation office actions are fair and unbiased. They also make sure the Wikimedia Foundation doesn’t overstep established practices or boundaries. For more about the role, '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Case Review Committee|see Case Review Committee on Meta-Wiki]]'''. We are looking for current or former functionaries and experienced volunteers with an interest in joining this group. Applicants must be fluent in English (additional languages are a strong plus) and willing to abide by the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Trust_and_Safety/Case_Review_Committee/Charter|terms of the Committee charter]]. If the work resonates and you qualify, please apply. Committee members will serve '''two-year terms''' (note that this is different from past years, when the terms have been for one year). '''Applying to join either of these groups''' Members are required to sign the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Confidentiality agreement for nonpublic information|Confidentiality agreement for nonpublic information]] and must be willing to comply with the appropriate Wikimedia Foundation board policies (such as the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Access to nonpublic information policy|access to non-public information policy]] and the [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Privacy policy|Foundation privacy policy]]). These positions requires a high degree of discretion and trust. Members must also be over 18 years of age. '''If you are interested in serving in either capacity listed above,''' please write in English to the Trust and Safety team at ca[[File:At sign.svg|16x16px|link=|(_AT_)]]wikimedia.org (to apply to the OC) or to the Legal Team at legal[[File:At sign.svg|16x16px|link=|(_AT_)]]wikimedia.org (to apply to the CRC) with information about: * Your primary projects * Languages you speak/write * Any experience you have serving on committees, whether movement or non-movement * Your thoughts on what you could bring to the OC or CRC if appointed * Any experience you have with the Checkuser or Oversight tools (OC only) * Any other information you think is relevant '''The deadline for applications is 31 December 2022 in any timezone.''' Please feel free to pass this invitation along to any users who you think may be qualified and interested. Thank you! On behalf of the Committee Support team,<br /><section end="announcement-content" /> <!-- Message sent by User:MNadzikiewicz (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Movement_Strategy_and_Governance/Delivery&oldid=23914777 --> == Community Wishlist Survey 2023 opens in January! == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> ''{{int:Please-translate}}'' {{int:Hello}} The [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023|'''Community Wishlist Survey (CWS) 2023''']], which lets contributors propose and vote for tools and improvements, starts next month on Monday, [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1674496831 23 January 2023, at 18:00 UTC] and will continue annually. We are inviting you to share your ideas for technical improvements to our tools and platforms. Long experience in editing or technical skills is not required. If you have ever used our software and thought of an idea to improve it, this is the place to come share those ideas! The dates for the phases of the Survey will be as follows: * Phase 1: Submit, discuss, and revise proposals – Monday, Jan 23, 2023 to Sunday, Feb 6, 2023 * Phase 2: WMF/Community Tech reviews and organizes proposals – Monday, Jan 30, 2023 to Friday, Feb 10, 2023 * Phase 3: Vote on proposals – Friday, Feb 10, 2023 to Friday, Feb 24, 2023 * Phase 4: Results posted – Tuesday, Feb 28, 2023 If you want to start writing out your ideas ahead of the Survey, you can start thinking about your proposals and draft them in [[m:Community Wishlist Survey/Sandbox|the CWS sandbox]]. We are grateful to all who participated last year. See you in January 2023! </div> {{int:Feedback-thanks-title}} <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">Community Tech, [[m:User:STei (WMF)|STei (WMF)]]</bdi> 12:59, 13 Bowte 2022 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Sannita (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:STei_(WMF)/CWS_2023_List&oldid=24226232 --> == Vote for your favourite Wikimedia sound logo == ''We are really sorry for posting in English'' [[File:Sound_Logo_Cover_Image_-_Linkedin.png|center|800x800px]] Voting in the Wikimedia sound logo contest [[c:Sound_Logo_Vote|'''has started''']]. From December 6 to 19, 2022, please play a part and help chose the sound that will identify Wikimedia content on audio devices. [[wmfblog:2022/12/06/vote-for-the-sound-of-all-human-knowledge/|Learn more on Diff]]. The sound logo team is grateful to everyone who participated in this global contest. We received 3,235 submissions from 2,094 participants in 135 countries. We are incredibly grateful to the team of [[wmfblog:2022/10/31/screening-3235-sound-submissions/|volunteer screeners]] and the [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Communications/Sound_Logo/Contest_proposal#How_will_the_final_selection_happen? selection committee] who, among others, helped bring us to where we are today. It is now up to Wikimedia to choose the Sound Of All Human Knowledge. Best wishes, [[User:Arupako-WMF|Arupako-WMF]] ([[User talk:Arupako-WMF|yeewtu]]) 09:27, 16 Bowte 2022 (UTC) ==Fulfulde Community Engagement (Awareness) in Gombe State, Nigeria. 23 December 2022== Assalamu Alaikum bandirabe am. Emi yela na on dou hauride Maude de dum wadata ha Gombe ngam dum Famtina Fulbe, Dou no Fulfulde nastirta nder kujeji Wikipedia ngam nyamdu yeeso Fulfulde e Fulbe. [[User:Salihu Aliyu|S Ahmad Fulani ]] ([[User talk:Salihu Aliyu|yeewtu]]) 23:16, 20 Bowte 2022 (UTC) == Feminism and Folklore 2023 == <div style="border:8px maroon ridge;padding:6px;> [[File:Feminism and Folklore 2023 logo.svg|centre|550px|frameless]] ::<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <center>''{{int:please-translate}}''</center> Dear Wiki Community, Christmas Greetings and a Happy New Year 2023, You are humbly invited to organize the '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2023|Feminism and Folklore 2023]]''' writing competition from February 1, 2023, to March 31, 2023 on your local Wikipedia. This year, Feminism and Folklore will focus on feminism, women's issues, and gender-focused topics for the project, with a [[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2023|Wiki Loves Folklore]] gender gap focus and a folk culture theme on Wikipedia. You can help Wikipedia's coverage of folklore from your area by writing or improving articles about things like folk festivals, folk dances, folk music, women and queer folklore figures, folk game athletes, women in mythology, women warriors in folklore, witches and witch hunting, fairy tales, and more. Users can help create new articles, expand or translate from a [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2023/List of Articles|list]] of suggested articles. Organisers are requested to work on the following action items to sign up their communities for the project: # Create a page for the contest on the local wiki. # Set up a fountain tool or dashboard. # Create the local list and mention the timeline and local and international prizes. # Request local admins for site notice. # Link the local page and the fountain/dashboard link on the [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2023/Project Page|meta project page]]. This year we would be supporting the community's financial aid for Internet and childcare support. This would be provided for the local team including their jury and coordinator team. This support is opt-in and non mandatory. Kindly fill in [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSea81OO0lVgUBd551iIiENXht7BRCISYZlKyBQlemZu_j2OHQ/viewform this Google form] and mark a mail to [mailto:support@wikilovesfolklore.org support@wikilovesfolklore.org] with the subject line starting as [Stipend] Name or Username/Language. The last date to sign up for internet and childcare aid from our team is 20th of January 2023, We encourage the language coordinators to sign up their community on this link by the 25th of January 2023. Learn more about the contest and prizes on our [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2023|project page]]. Feel free to contact us on our [[:m:Talk:Feminism and Folklore 2023/Project Page|meta talk page]] or by email us if you need any assistance. We look forward to your immense coordination. Thank you and Best wishes, [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2023|Feminism and Folklore 2023 International Team]] ::::Stay connected [[File:B&W Facebook icon.png|link=https://www.facebook.com/feminismandfolklore/|30x30px]]&nbsp; [[File:B&W Twitter icon.png|link=https://twitter.com/wikifolklore|30x30px]] </div></div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|yeewtu]]) 10:23, 24 Bowte 2022 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Tiven2240@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery/Wikipedia&oldid=23942484 --> == Dernières mises à jours du projet des Améliorations du bureau == Bonjour, je signale que [[:mw:Reading/Web/Desktop_Improvements/Updates/fr|les nouvelles concernant le projet des Améliorations de l'interface du bureau]] sont en ligne. Bonne lecture ! --[[User:Patafisik (WMF)|Patafisik (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Patafisik (WMF)|yeewtu]]) 18:08, 4 Siilo 2023 (UTC) == Interface bureau : un nouveau changement en vue == [[File:Moving article tools.jpg|thumb]] {{int:Hello}}! '''La prochaine semaine, l'[[mw:mw:Readers/Web/Team|équipe Web]] de la Fondation Wikimédia déplacera certains liens de la barre latérale vers la droite de l'écran.''' Il sera ainsi plus facile d'utiliser de manière intuitive tous les liens et les outils de notre interface. Avec la barre latérale plus courte, le sommaire apparaîtra à son tour un peu plus en haut de l'écran. Ce dernier changement profitera surtout aux contributeurs, car les lecteurs utilisent beaucoup plus rarement le menu de gauche. '''Pourquoi nous changeons cela''' Actuellement, notre interface ne fait pas de distinction entre les liens de navigation du wiki et les outils de la page. « Accueil », « Article au hasard » et « Modifications récentes » font partie du premier groupe. « Pages liées », « Suivi des pages liées », « Citer cette page » appartiennent au deuxième. Ce mélange est déroutant pour les nouveaux lecteurs. Les nouveaux contributeurs ne savent pas ce que fait chaque lien de même. Le mélange de ces groupes démotive les gens qui seraient spontanément disposés à découvrir ces outils. Ce changement répond également à la question de l'emplacement du sommaire. Certains d'entre vous nous avaient indiqué que le sommaire apparaissant sous la barre latérale, était placé trop bas dans la page. Après ce changement, la barre latérale se présentera plus courte et cela permettra d'afficher le sommaire plus en haut sur la page. En outre, ce changement réduira l'espace blanc de la page, en utilisant une plus grande partie de l'espace pour l'affichage des outils. Vous pouvez en savoir plus sur la [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements/Features/Page tools|fonctionnalité des outils de la page]] et le [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements|projet des Améliorations du bureau]] sur MediaWiki.org. '''Compatibilité des gadgets''' Certains gadgets et scripts utilisateur peuvent nécessiter une mise à jour ou devenir redondants ou obsolètes. Nous fournissons une assistance aux utilisateurs qui souhaitent maintenir la compatibilité. Veuillez consulter [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements/Features/Page tools#Gadget compatibility|cette section de notre documentation]] pour plus d'informations sur la compatibilité des gadgets. '''Travaillons ensemble''' * [[mw:Newsletter:Desktop Improvements updates|Abonnez-vous à notre newsletter]] pour recevoir des mises à jour régulières. * Partagez vos idées et posez des questions sur [[mw:Talk:Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements|notre page de discussion]]. * Créez une tâche sur Phabricator en y ajoutant la balise <code>Desktop Improvements (Vector 2022)</code> ou [[mw:Talk:Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements|écrivez-nous]] si vous remarquez un bogue. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements/Participate|Traduisez la documentation]] sur MediaWiki.org. {{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}}--[[User:Patafisik (WMF)|Patafisik (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Patafisik (WMF)|yeewtu]]) 11:50, 3 Colte 2023 (UTC) == Global ban for PlanespotterA320/RespectCE == Per the [[m:Global bans|Global bans]] policy, I'm informing the project of this request for comment: [[m:Requests for comment/Global ban for PlanespotterA320 (2) ]] about banning a member from your community. Thank you.--[[User:Lemonaka|Lemonaka]] ([[User talk:Lemonaka|talk]]) 21:40, 6 February 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Zabe@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Lemonaka/Massmessagelist&oldid=24501599 --> == Comment faire apparaître le bouton des langues en haut de la page d'accueil ? == [[File:DIP Language Switching in Main Page - mockup for French Wikipedia.png|thumb|Maquette pour frwiki]] Bonjour, avec l'habillage Vector 2022 par défaut, le [[:mw:Reading/Web/Desktop_Improvements/Features/Language_switching/fr|liens interlangues]] se trouvent tout en bas de la page d'accueil, voir [[:mw:Reading/Web/Desktop_Improvements/Frequently_asked_questions/fr#Why_doesn't_the_button_with_language_links_appear_at_the_top_of_the_main_page?|pourquoi]]. Si vous voulez les langues en haut, votre communauté est invitée à en discuter avant, pour trouver un accord sur le changement à apporter : voir [[:mw:Reading/Web/Desktop_Improvements/Frequently_asked_questions/fr#How_to_make_the_button_with_language_links_appear_at_the_top_of_the_main_page?|comment les faire apparaître en haut]] en ayant un « titre » en page d'accueil, avec ou sans texte, au choix. Je copie ci-dessous un passage de la FAQ qui pourrait vous intéresser, avec quelques ajouts : * Le « titre » s'affichera sur Vector 2010, Minerva, Timeless et Vector 2022. Ne sera pas visible sur Monobook. * Le « titre » peut être configuré en modifiant [[:mw:MediaWiki:Mainpage-title-loggedin|MediaWiki:Mainpage-title-loggedin]] pour les utilisateurs connectés et [[:mw:MediaWiki:Mainpage-title|MediaWiki:Mainpage-title]] pour les utilisateurs non connectés. Pour les utilisateurs connectés sur mobile, il faudra modifier [[:mw:MediaWiki:wikimedia-mobile-mainpage-title-loggedin|MediaWiki:wikimedia-mobile-mainpage-title-loggedin]]. Voir les détails qui concernent les paramètres de la page d'accueil. * Testez à quoi ressemble la page d'accueil et comment elle fonctionne avec le bouton en haut de la page, en ajoutant le paramètre <code>?vectorlanguageinmainpageheader=1</code> à la fin de l'URL. La [https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azala page d'accueil de la Wikipédia en basque] affiche une phrase de bienvenue dans le titre. C'est [[phab:T325362|le choix de la Wikipédia en français]] aussi, qui attend ce changement. Vous pouvez également voir l'[https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fors%C3%AD%C3%B0a?vectorlanguageinmainpageheader=1 exemple de la Wikipédia en islandais], qui n'a pas de « titre » configuré, donc seul le bouton apparaît. * Notifiez-moi ([[:mw:Reading/Web/Desktop_Improvements/Frequently_asked_questions#How_can_I_contact_your_team?|ou contactez l'équipe Web]]) pour demander le déplacement du bouton des langues vers le haut. L'Équipe Web demandera la modification des paramètres de votre wiki. Si vous préférez, vous pouvez ouvrir directement une tâche sur Phabricator. Dans le cas votre choix se porte sur le message de bienvenue, il suffit d'ajouter votre demande avec le lien de la discussion dans le ticket [[phab:T325362|T325362]]. Une fois le changement effectué, le bouton sera visible en haut de la page avec Vector 2022. Avec d'autres habillages, la liste des liens des langues s'affichera à l'emplacement par défaut, qui est différent pour chaque habillage. {{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}}--[[User:Patafisik (WMF)|Patafisik (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Patafisik (WMF)|yeewtu]]) 18:02, 21 Colte 2023 (UTC) == Editing news 2023 #1 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="message"/><i>[[m:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Newsletter/2023/February|Read this in another language]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Newsletter|Subscription list for this multilingual newsletter]]</i> This newsletter includes two key updates about the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Editing team|Editing]] team's work: # The Editing team will finish adding new features to the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project|Talk pages project]] and deploy it. # They are beginning a new project, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check|Edit check]]. <strong>Talk pages project</strong> [[File:Page Frame Features on desktop.png|alt=Screenshot showing the talk page design changes that are currently available as beta features at all Wikimedia wikis. These features include information about the number of people and comments within each discussion.|thumb|300px|Some of the upcoming changes]] The Editing team is nearly finished with this first phase of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk_pages_project|Talk pages project]]. Nearly all [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Usability|new features]] are available now in the [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|Beta Feature for {{int:discussiontools-preference-label}}]]. It will show information about how active a discussion is, such as the date of the most recent comment. There will soon be a new "{{int:skin-action-addsection}}" button. You will be able to turn them off at [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing-discussion]]. Please [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk:Talk_pages_project/Usability#c-PPelberg_(WMF)-20230215001000-Feedback:_Proposed_Revisions_to_%22Add_topic%22_button|tell them what you think]]. [[File:Daily edit completion rates mobile talk pages.png|thumb|300px|Daily edit completion rate by test group: DiscussionTools (test group) and MobileFrontend overlay (control group)]] An A/B test for [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Mobile|{{int:discussiontools-preference-label}} on the mobile site]] has finished. Editors were [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk_pages_project/Mobile#Status_Updates|more successful with {{int:discussiontools-preference-label}}]]. The Editing team is enabling these features for all editors on the mobile site. <strong>New Project: Edit Check</strong> The Editing team is beginning [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check|a project to help new editors of Wikipedia]]. It will help people identify some problems before they click "{{int:publishchanges}}". The first tool will encourage people to add references when they add new content. Please [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Watchlist|watch]] that page for more information. You can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Editing_team/Community_Conversations#20230303|join a conference call on 3&nbsp;March&nbsp;2023]] to learn more.<section end="message"/> </div> –[[User:Whatamidoing (WMF)|Whatamidoing (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Whatamidoing (WMF)|{{int:Talkpagelinktext}}]]) 23:24, 22 Colte 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/VisualEditor/Newsletter/Wikis_with_VE&oldid=24611966 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Your wiki will be in read only soon</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="server-switch"/><div class="plainlinks"> [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|Read this message in another language]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Tech%2FServer+switch&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}] The [[foundation:|Wikimedia Foundation]] tests the switch between its first and secondary data centers. This will make sure that Wikipedia and the other Wikimedia wikis can stay online even after a disaster. To make sure everything is working, the Wikimedia Technology department needs to do a planned test. This test will show if they can reliably switch from one data centre to the other. It requires many teams to prepare for the test and to be available to fix any unexpected problems. All traffic will switch on '''{{#time:j xg|2023-03-01|en}}'''. The test will start at '''[https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/{{#time:U|2023-03-01T14:00|en}} {{#time:H:i e|2023-03-01T14:00}}]'''. Unfortunately, because of some limitations in [[mw:Manual:What is MediaWiki?|MediaWiki]], all editing must stop while the switch is made. We apologize for this disruption, and we are working to minimize it in the future. '''You will be able to read, but not edit, all wikis for a short period of time.''' *You will not be able to edit for up to an hour on {{#time:l j xg Y|2023-03-01|en}}. *If you try to edit or save during these times, you will see an error message. We hope that no edits will be lost during these minutes, but we can't guarantee it. If you see the error message, then please wait until everything is back to normal. Then you should be able to save your edit. But, we recommend that you make a copy of your changes first, just in case. ''Other effects'': *Background jobs will be slower and some may be dropped. Red links might not be updated as quickly as normal. If you create an article that is already linked somewhere else, the link will stay red longer than usual. Some long-running scripts will have to be stopped. * We expect the code deployments to happen as any other week. However, some case-by-case code freezes could punctually happen if the operation require them afterwards. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/GitLab|GitLab]] will be unavailable for about 90 minutes. This project may be postponed if necessary. You can [[wikitech:Switch_Datacenter|read the schedule at wikitech.wikimedia.org]]. Any changes will be announced in the schedule. There will be more notifications about this. A banner will be displayed on all wikis 30 minutes before this operation happens. '''Please share this information with your community.'''</div><section end="server-switch"/> </div> <span dir=ltr>[[m:User:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Trizek (WMF)|{{int:talk}}]])</span> 21:20, 27 Colte 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=24390465 --> == Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2023: We are back! == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> [[File:UCDM 2023 promo.png|180px|right]] {{int:please-translate}} Hello, dear Wikipedians!<br/> [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Ukraine|Wikimedia Ukraine]], in cooperation with the [[:en:Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine|Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine]] and [[:en:Ukrainian Institute|Ukrainian Institute]], has launched the third edition of writing challenge "'''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2023|Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month]]'''", which lasts from 1st until 31st March 2023. The campaign is dedicated to famous Ukrainian artists of cinema, music, literature, architecture, design and cultural phenomena of Ukraine that are now part of world heritage. We accept contribution in every language! The most active contesters will receive [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2023/Prizes|prizes]].<br/> We invite you to take part and help us improve the coverage of Ukrainian culture on Wikipedia in your language! Also, we plan to set up a [[m:CentralNotice/Request/UCDM 2023|banner]] to notify users of the possibility to participate in such a challenge! </div> [[m:User:ValentynNefedov (WMUA)|ValentynNefedov (WMUA)]] ([[m:User talk:ValentynNefedov (WMUA)|talk]]) 07:58, 1 March 2023 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:ValentynNefedov (WMUA)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery/Wikipedia&oldid=23942484 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Wikimania 2023 Welcoming Program Submissions</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="wikimania-program-submissions"/>[[File:Wikimania Singapore Logo.svg|right|frameless]]Do you want to host an in-person or virtual session at Wikimania 2023? Maybe a hands-on workshop, a lively discussion, a fun performance, a catchy poster, or a memorable lightning talk? [[wmania:Special:MyLanguage/2023:Program/Submissions|'''Submissions are open until March 28''']]. The event will have dedicated hybrid blocks, so virtual submissions and pre-recorded content are also welcome. If you have any questions, please join us at an upcoming conversation on March 12 or 19, or reach out by email at wikimania@wikimedia.org or on Telegram. More information on-wiki.<section end="wikimania-program-submissions"/> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:CKoerner (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=24390465 --> == Dernières mises à jours du projet des Améliorations du bureau (mars 2023) == Bonjour, [[:mw:Reading/Web/Desktop_Improvements/Updates/fr#Dernières_mises_à_jour|les dernières actualités]] du projet des Améliorations de l'interface du bureau sont en ligne, vous pouvez désormais les lire en français. Cordialement,--[[User:Patafisik (WMF)|Patafisik (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Patafisik (WMF)|yeewtu]]) 09:04, 23 Mbooy 2023 (UTC) == Vector 2022 : un changement pour les utilisateurs non connectés == [[File:Moving article tools.jpg|thumb]] [[File:DI Project - screenshot of Page tools - frwiki 02.jpg|thumb|Les Outils quand le menu est fermé (cercle rouge)]] Bonjour à toutes et tous, La dernière semaine nous avons introduit le [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop_Improvements/Features/Page_tools|menu des Outils de la page]] pour les utilisateurs non connectés. Pour les utilisateurs connectés, il est disponible depuis janvier 2023. Le menu permet de séparer les outils qui concernent le wiki en général des outils liés à une page spécifique. Dans le premier groupe on trouve, par exemple, « Accueil » et « Page au hasard ». Dans le deuxième groupe il y a, par exemple, « Pages liées » et « Suivi des pages liées ». Le nouveau menu rassemble les outils spécifiques à la page dans une seule liste. Avant, certains de ces liens étaient soit dans le menu principale (la barre latérale) soit dans le [[:m:MoreMenu|More Menu]] (à côté de l'Historique). Notre objectif est de permettre aux nouveaux lecteurs et rédacteurs de comprendre plus facilement la fonction de ces liens. Le menu peut également être épinglé et désépinglé selon les nécessités des utilisateurs. Il est figé aussi, c'est à dire qu'il reste en place quand on fait défiler la page vers le bas. En outre, pour les utilisateurs connectés, le menu est persistant. Cela signifie qu'ils voient le menu dans l'état qu'ils ont choisi, épinglé ou pas, même en actualisant la page ou en ouvrant une nouvelle. Cependant, pour les utilisateurs non connectés il n'est pas persistant. Nous espérons ajouter cette fonctionnalité à l'avenir. Avantage supplémentaire amené par ce changement, le sommaire s'affiche plus en haut sur la page. Aujourd'hui, il faut faire défiler vers le bas plus rarement pour voir le sommaire. C'était l'une des préoccupations que nous avons entendues ces derniers jours et nous espérons que cela y répondra. ; Travaillons ensemble * [[mw:Newsletter:Desktop_Improvements_updates|Abonnez-vous à notre newsletter]] pour recevoir des mises à jour régulières. * Partagez vos idées et posez des questions sur [[mw:Talk:Reading/Web/Desktop_Improvements|notre page de discussion]]. * Créez une tâche sur Phabricator et ajoutez une balise <code>Desktop Improvements (Vector 2022)</code> ou [[mw:Talk:Reading/Web/Desktop_Improvements|écrivez-nous]] si vous remarquez un bogue. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop_Improvements/Participate|Traduisez la documentation]] sur MediaWiki.org. Merci ! [[User:Patafisik (WMF)|Patafisik (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Patafisik (WMF)|yeewtu]]) 12:58, 30 Mbooy 2023 (UTC) == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Your wiki will be in read-only soon</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="server-switch"/><div class="plainlinks"> [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|Read this message in another language]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Tech%2FServer+switch&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}] The [[foundation:|Wikimedia Foundation]] tests the switch between its first and secondary data centers. This will make sure that Wikipedia and the other Wikimedia wikis can stay online even after a disaster. To make sure everything is working, the Wikimedia Technology department needs to do a planned test. This test will show if they can reliably switch from one data centre to the other. It requires many teams to prepare for the test and to be available to fix any unexpected problems. All traffic will switch on '''{{#time:j xg|2023-04-26|en}}'''. The test will start at '''[https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/{{#time:U|2023-04-26T14:00|en}} {{#time:H:i e|2023-04-26T14:00}}]'''. Unfortunately, because of some limitations in [[mw:Manual:What is MediaWiki?|MediaWiki]], all editing must stop while the switch is made. We apologize for this disruption, and we are working to minimize it in the future. '''You will be able to read, but not edit, all wikis for a short period of time.''' *You will not be able to edit for up to an hour on {{#time:l j xg Y|2023-04-26|en}}. *If you try to edit or save during these times, you will see an error message. We hope that no edits will be lost during these minutes, but we can't guarantee it. If you see the error message, then please wait until everything is back to normal. Then you should be able to save your edit. But, we recommend that you make a copy of your changes first, just in case. ''Other effects'': *Background jobs will be slower and some may be dropped. Red links might not be updated as quickly as normal. If you create an article that is already linked somewhere else, the link will stay red longer than usual. Some long-running scripts will have to be stopped. * We expect the code deployments to happen as any other week. However, some case-by-case code freezes could punctually happen if the operation require them afterwards. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/GitLab|GitLab]] will be unavailable for about 90 minutes. This project may be postponed if necessary. You can [[wikitech:Switch_Datacenter|read the schedule at wikitech.wikimedia.org]]. Any changes will be announced in the schedule. There will be more notifications about this. A banner will be displayed on all wikis 30 minutes before this operation happens. '''Please share this information with your community.'''</div><section end="server-switch"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 00:41, 21 Seeɗto 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Non-Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&oldid=24748237 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Seeking volunteers for the next step in the Universal Code of Conduct process</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''<div class="plainlinks">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/U4C Building Committee/Nominations/Announcement|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Universal Code of Conduct/U4C Building Committee/Nominations/Announcement}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]</div>'' Hello, As follow-up to [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikimedia-l@lists.wikimedia.org/message/IOMVS7W75ZYMABQGOQ2QH2JAURC3CHGH/ the message about the Universal Code of Conduct Enforcement Guidelines] by Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees Vice Chair, Shani Evenstein Sigalov, I am reaching out about the next steps. I want to bring your attention to the next stage of the Universal Code of Conduct process, which is forming a building committee for the Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C). I invite community members with experience and deep interest in community health and governance to nominate themselves to be part of the U4C building committee, which needs people who are: * Community members in good standing * Knowledgeable about movement community processes, such as, but not limited to, policy drafting, participatory decision making, and application of existing rules and policies on Wikimedia projects * Aware and appreciative of the diversity of the movement, such as, but not limited to, languages spoken, identity, geography, and project type * Committed to participate for the entire U4C Building Committee period from mid-May - December 2023 * Comfortable with engaging in difficult, but productive conversations * Confidently able to communicate in English The Building Committee shall consist of volunteer community members, affiliate board or staff, and Wikimedia Foundation staff. The Universal Code of Conduct has been a process strengthened by the skills and knowledge of the community and I look forward to what the U4C Building Committee creates. If you are interested in joining the Building Committee, please either [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/U4C_Building_Committee/Nominations|sign up on the Meta-Wiki page]], or contact ucocproject[[File:At sign.svg|16x16px|link=|(_AT_)]]wikimedia.org by May 12, 2023. '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/U4C_Building_Committee|Read more on Meta-Wiki]]'''. Best regards,<br /><section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[User:Xeno (WMF)|Xeno (WMF)]] 19:00, 26 Seeɗto 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Xeno (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=24941045 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">An A/B test coming soon. Visual separation (Zebra #9) between regions</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="body"/> [[File:Vector_2022_Zebra9_prototype_with_framed_menus_logged-in.png|thumb|]] ''{{Int:Please-translate}}'' {{int:Hello}} ! In a few weeks, the Web Team will be performing an A/B test. This test will start within two weeks and will take two full weeks. It will be performed on Wikipedias in: English, Farsi, French, Hebrew, Korean, Portuguese, Serbian, Thai, Turkish, and Vietnamese. Half of logged-in desktop users will see a version that shows the regions of the page separated more clearly. This version will include more borders and gray backgrounds. After two weeks, everyone will see the current white interface again. We will analyze the usage data for both and make a decision on next steps in July. More information at [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop_Improvements/Updates/2023-05_Zebra9_A/B_test|this page]]. Please give us a feedback on the [[mw:Talk:Reading/Web/Desktop_Improvements|talk page]] of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements|Desktop Improvements project]]. {{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}} <section end="body"/> </div> [[m:User:Patafisik (WMF)|Patafisik (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Patafisik (WMF)|talk]]) 16:52, 8 Duujal 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Patafisik (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Patafisik_(WMF)/Sandbox/MM/fallback_chain_fr&oldid=24997656 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Selection of the U4C Building Committee</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> The next stage in the Universal Code of Conduct process is establishing a Building Committee to create the charter for the Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C). The Building Committee has been selected. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/U4C_Building_Committee|Read about the members and the work ahead on Meta-wiki]].<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> -- [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Project|UCoC Project Team]], 04:20, 27 Duujal 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=25018085 --> == MinT Machine Translation enabled and plans to deploy Content and Section Translation Fulah Wikipedia == <nowiki>{{int:Hello}}</nowiki> Fulah Wikipedians! Apologies as this message is not in your language, <nowiki>{{int:Please help translate}}</nowiki> to your language. The WMF Language team has added a machine translation (MT) system supporting [https://ff.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation<nowiki> Content Translation] for the first time in your Wikipedia called MinT; you can use </nowiki>[[mw:Content_translation/Machine_Translation/MinT|MinT machine translation]] when translating Wikipedia articles using the Content Translation tool. The WMF Language team provides the MinT service. It is hosted in the Wikimedia Foundation Infrastructure with [[:en:Neural_machine_translation|neural machine translation]] models that other organizations have released with an open-source license. MinT integrates translation based on [https://ai.facebook.com/research/no-language-left-behind/ NLLB-200] and [https://opus.nlpl.eu/ OpusMT] and will replace those as separate options. This MT will be set as default in your Wikipedia. Still, you can choose not to use it by selecting "Start with empty paragraph" from the "Initial Translation" dropdown menu. Since MinT is hosted in the WMF Infrastructure and the models are open source, it adheres to Wikipedia's policies about attribution of rights, your privacy as a user and brand representation. You can find more information about the MinT Machine translation and the models on [[mw:Content_translation/Machine_Translation/MinT|this page]]. Please note that the use of the MinT MT is not compulsory. However, we would want your community to: * use it to improve the quality of the Machine Translation service * [[mw:Talk:Content_translation|please provide feedback]] about the service and its quality, and ask questions about this addition. '''Plans to deploy the Content and Section translation tool''' Now that you have Machine Translation support in your Wikipedia, We will enable the Content and Section translation by default to your Wikipedia if there are no objections from your community. The [[mw:Content_translation/Section_translation|Section Translation]] extends the capabilities of [[mw:Content_translation|Content Translation]] to support mobile devices. On mobile, the tool will: * Guide you to translate one section at a time in order to expand existing articles or create new ones * Make it easy to transfer knowledge across languages anytime from your mobile device After enabling it, we’ll monitor the content created with the tools and process all the feedback. In any case, feel free to try the current implementation of the Section Translation tool in [https://test.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:ContentTranslation&from=en&to=no&sx=true#/ our testing instance] and raise any concerns or questions you may already have as a reply to this message or on [[mw:Talk:Content_translation/Section_translation|the project talk page]]   We trust that introducing this MT is a good support to the Content and Section Translation tool once it is enabled. Thank you! [[User:UOzurumba (WMF)|UOzurumba (WMF)]] ([[User talk:UOzurumba (WMF)|yeewtu]]) 16:22, 31 Duujal 2023 (UTC) On behalf of the WMF Language team. :Thank you so much for your work. We appreciate the effort and will welcome the Section Translation Tool as it's a welcome development. Thank you. [[User:De-Invincible|De-Invincible]] ([[User talk:De-Invincible|yeewtu]]) 13:06, 30 Juko 2023 (UTC) == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Announcing the new Elections Committee members</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections committee/Nominatons/2023/Announcement - new members|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]]'' :''<div class="plainlinks">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections committee/Nominatons/2023/Announcement - new members|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Wikimedia Foundation elections committee/Nominatons/2023/Announcement - new members}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]</div>'' Hello there, We are glad to announce [[listarchive:list/wikimedia-l@lists.wikimedia.org/message/4TALOUFPAP2VDBR27GKRVOP7IGQYU3DB/|the new members and advisors of the Elections Committee]]. The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections_committee|Elections Committee]] assists with the design and implementation of the process to select Community- and Affiliate-Selected trustees for the Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees. After an open nomination process, the strongest candidates spoke with the Board and four candidates were asked to join the Elections Committee. Four other candidates were asked to participate as advisors. Thank you to all the community members who submitted their names for consideration. We look forward to working with the Elections Committee in the near future. On behalf of the Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees,<br /><section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[m:User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] 17:59, 28 Korse 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=25018085 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Review the Charter for the Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''<div class="plainlinks">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/U4C Building Committee/Announcement - Review|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Universal Code of Conduct/U4C Building Committee/Announcement - Review}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]</div>'' Hello all, I am pleased to share the next step in the [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal Code of Conduct|Universal Code of Conduct]] work. The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C) draft charter]] is now ready for your review. The [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines|Enforcement Guidelines]] require a [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Enforcement_guidelines#4.5_U4C_Building_Committee|Building Committee]] form to draft a charter that outlines procedures and details for a global committee to be called the [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Enforcement_guidelines#4._UCoC_Coordinating_Committee_(U4C)|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C)]]. Over the past few months, the U4C Building Committee worked together as a group to discuss and draft the U4C charter. The U4C Building Committee welcomes feedback about the draft charter now through 22 September 2023. After that date, the U4C Building Committee will revise the charter as needed and a community vote will open shortly afterward. Join the conversation during the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/U4C Building Committee#Conversation hours|conversation hours]] or on [[m:Talk:Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter|Meta-wiki]]. Best,<br /><section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[m:User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]], on behalf of the U4C Building Committee, 15:35, 28 Juko 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=25392152 --> :Hello @[[User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]], Thank you so much for sharing this information with us. We are glad to review and share our thoughts on it. [[User:De-Invincible|De-Invincible]] ([[User talk:De-Invincible|yeewtu]]) 13:02, 30 Juko 2023 (UTC) == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Your wiki will be in read-only soon</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="server-switch"/><div class="plainlinks"> [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|Read this message in another language]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Tech%2FServer+switch&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}] The [[foundation:|Wikimedia Foundation]] will switch the traffic between its data centers. This will make sure that Wikipedia and the other Wikimedia wikis can stay online even after a disaster. To make sure everything is working, the Wikimedia Technology department needs to do a planned test. This test will show if they can reliably switch from one data centre to the other. It requires many teams to prepare for the test and to be available to fix any unexpected problems. All traffic will switch on '''{{#time:j xg|2023-09-20|en}}'''. The test will start at '''[https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/{{#time:U|2023-09-20T14:00|en}} {{#time:H:i e|2023-09-20T14:00}}]'''. Unfortunately, because of some limitations in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:What is MediaWiki?|MediaWiki]], all editing must stop while the switch is made. We apologize for this disruption, and we are working to minimize it in the future. '''You will be able to read, but not edit, all wikis for a short period of time.''' *You will not be able to edit for up to an hour on {{#time:l j xg Y|2023-09-20|en}}. *If you try to edit or save during these times, you will see an error message. We hope that no edits will be lost during these minutes, but we can't guarantee it. If you see the error message, then please wait until everything is back to normal. Then you should be able to save your edit. But, we recommend that you make a copy of your changes first, just in case. ''Other effects'': *Background jobs will be slower and some may be dropped. Red links might not be updated as quickly as normal. If you create an article that is already linked somewhere else, the link will stay red longer than usual. Some long-running scripts will have to be stopped. * We expect the code deployments to happen as any other week. However, some case-by-case code freezes could punctually happen if the operation require them afterwards. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/GitLab|GitLab]] will be unavailable for about 90 minutes. This project may be postponed if necessary. You can [[wikitech:Switch_Datacenter|read the schedule at wikitech.wikimedia.org]]. Any changes will be announced in the schedule. There will be more notifications about this. A banner will be displayed on all wikis 30 minutes before this operation happens. '''Please share this information with your community.'''</div><section end="server-switch"/> </div> [[User:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek_(WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Trizek (WMF)|talk]]) 09:23, 15 Siilto 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Non-Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&oldid=25018086 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">== Opportunities open for the Affiliations Committee, Ombuds commission, and the Case Review Committee ==</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> <div style="margin:.2em 0 .5em;margin-{{#switch:{{PAGELANGUAGE}}|ar|arc|ary|arz|azb|bcc|bgn|ckb|bqi|dv|fa|fa-af|glk|ha-arab|he|kk-arab|kk-cn|ks|ku-arab|ms-arab|mzn|pnb|prd|ps|sd|ug|ur|ydd|yi=right|left}}:3ex;"> [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Legal department/Committee appointments/Announcement/Short|''You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.'']] ''<span class="plainlinks">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Legal department/Committee appointments/Announcement/Short|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Wikimedia Foundation Legal department/Committee appointments/Announcement/Short}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]</span>''</div> Hi everyone! The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations Committee|Affiliations Committee]] (AffCom), [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Ombuds_commission|Ombuds commission]] (OC), and the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Trust_and_Safety/Case_Review_Committee|Case Review Committee]] (CRC) are looking for new members. These volunteer groups provide important structural and oversight support for the community and movement. People are encouraged to nominate themselves or encourage others they feel would contribute to these groups to apply. There is more information about the roles of the groups, the skills needed, and the opportunity to apply on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Legal department/Committee appointments|'''Meta-wiki page''']]. On behalf of the Committee Support team,<br /><section end="announcement-content" /> </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> ~ [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 16:41, 9 Yarkomaa 2023 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=25570445 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Review and comment on the 2024 Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees selection rules package</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/wiki/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2024/Announcement/Rules package review - short| You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]]'' :''<div class="plainlinks">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/wiki/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2024/Announcement/Rules package review - short|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:wiki/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2024/Announcement/Rules package review - short}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]</div>'' Dear all, Please review and comment on the Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees selection rules package from now until 29 October 2023. The selection rules package was based on older versions by the Elections Committee and will be used in the 2024 Board of Trustees selection. Providing your comments now will help them provide a smoother, better Board selection process. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2024|More on the Meta-wiki page]]. Best, Katie Chan <br> Chair of the Elections Committee<br /><section end="announcement-content" /> </div> 01:12, 17 Yarkomaa 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=25570445 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Coming soon: Reference Previews</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="ReferencePreviewsDefault"/> [[File:Example_of_a_Reference_Preview.png|right|300px]] A new feature is coming to your wiki soon: Reference Previews are popups for references. Such popups have existed on wikis as local gadgets for many years. Now there is a central solution, available on all wikis, and consistent with the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Page Previews|PagePreviews feature]]. Reference Previews will be visible to everyone, including readers. If you don’t want to see them, [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/ReferencePreviews#Opt-out feature|you can opt out]]. If you are [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-gadgets|using the gadgets]] Reference Tooltips or Navigation Popups, you won’t see Reference Previews unless you disable the gadget. Reference Previews have been a beta feature on many wikis since 2019, and a default feature on some since 2021. Deployment is planned for November 22. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Reference Previews|Help page]] * [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/ReferencePreviews|Project page with more information (in English)]]. * Feedback is welcome [[m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/ReferencePreviews|on this talk page]]. -- For [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes|Wikimedia Deutschland’s Technical Wishes]] team, <section end="ReferencePreviewsDefault"/> </div> [[m:User:Johanna Strodt (WMDE)|Johanna Strodt (WMDE)]], 13:11, 15 Jolal 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Johanna Strodt (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Technical_Wishes_News_list_all_village_pumps&oldid=25866958 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">(New) Feature on [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Kartographer|Kartographer]]: Adding geopoints via QID</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="Body"/>Since September 2022, it is possible to create geopoints using a QID. Many wiki contributors have asked for this feature, but it is not being used much. Therefore, we would like to remind you about it. More information can be found on the [[M:WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Geoinformation/Geopoints via QID|project page]]. If you have any comments, please let us know on the [[M:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/Geoinformation/Geopoints via QID|talk page]]. – Best regards, the team of Technical Wishes at Wikimedia Deutschland <section end="Body"/> </div> [[M:User:Thereza Mengs (WMDE)|Thereza Mengs (WMDE)]] 12:31, 13 Bowte 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Thereza Mengs (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Technical_Wishes_News_list_all_village_pumps&oldid=25955829 --> == Do you use Wikidata in Wikimedia sibling projects? Tell us about your experiences == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> ''Note: Apologies for cross-posting and sending in English.'' Hello, the '''[[m:WD4WMP|Wikidata for Wikimedia Projects]]''' team at Wikimedia Deutschland would like to hear about your experiences using Wikidata in the sibling projects. If you are interested in sharing your opinion and insights, please consider signing up for an interview with us in this '''[https://wikimedia.sslsurvey.de/Wikidata-for-Wikimedia-Interviews Registration form]'''.<br> ''Currently, we are only able to conduct interviews in English.'' The front page of the form has more details about what the conversation will be like, including how we would '''compensate''' you for your time. For more information, visit our ''[[m:WD4WMP/AddIssue|project issue page]]'' where you can also share your experiences in written form, without an interview.<br>We look forward to speaking with you, [[m:User:Danny Benjafield (WMDE)|Danny Benjafield (WMDE)]] ([[m:User talk:Danny Benjafield (WMDE)|talk]]) 08:53, 5 January 2024 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Danny Benjafield (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/WD4WMP/ScreenerInvite&oldid=26027495 --> == Reusing references: Can we look over your shoulder? == ''Apologies for writing in English.'' The Technical Wishes team at Wikimedia Deutschland is planning to [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Reusing references|make reusing references easier]]. For our research, we are looking for wiki contributors willing to show us how they are interacting with references. * The format will be a 1-hour video call, where you would share your screen. [https://wikimedia.sslsurvey.de/User-research-into-Reusing-References-Sign-up-Form-2024/en/ More information here]. * Interviews can be conducted in English, German or Dutch. * [[mw:WMDE_Engineering/Participate_in_UX_Activities#Compensation|Compensation is available]]. * Sessions will be held in January and February. * [https://wikimedia.sslsurvey.de/User-research-into-Reusing-References-Sign-up-Form-2024/en/ Sign up here if you are interested.] * Please note that we probably won’t be able to have sessions with everyone who is interested. Our UX researcher will try to create a good balance of wiki contributors, e.g. in terms of wiki experience, tech experience, editing preferences, gender, disability and more. If you’re a fit, she will reach out to you to schedule an appointment. We’re looking forward to seeing you, [[m:User:Thereza Mengs (WMDE)| Thereza Mengs (WMDE)]] <!-- Message sent by User:Thereza Mengs (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Technical_Wishes_News_list_all_village_pumps&oldid=25956752 --> == Feminism and Folklore 2024 == <div style="border:8px maroon ridge;padding:6px;> [[File:Feminism and Folklore 2024 logo.svg|centre|550px|frameless]] ::<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <center>''{{int:please-translate}}''</center> Dear Wiki Community, You are humbly invited to organize the '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2024|Feminism and Folklore 2024]]''' writing competition from February 1, 2023, to March 31, 2023 on your local Wikipedia. This year, Feminism and Folklore will focus on feminism, women's issues, and gender-focused topics for the project, with a [[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2024|Wiki Loves Folklore]] gender gap focus and a folk culture theme on Wikipedia. You can help Wikipedia's coverage of folklore from your area by writing or improving articles about things like folk festivals, folk dances, folk music, women and queer folklore figures, folk game athletes, women in mythology, women warriors in folklore, witches and witch hunting, fairy tales, and more. Users can help create new articles, expand or translate from a generated list of suggested articles. Organisers are requested to work on the following action items to sign up their communities for the project: # Create a page for the contest on the local wiki. # Set up a campaign on '''CampWiz''' tool. # Create the local list and mention the timeline and local and international prizes. # Request local admins for site notice. # Link the local page and the CampWiz link on the [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2024/Project Page|meta project page]]. This year, the Wiki Loves Folklore Tech Team has introduced two new tools to enhance support for the campaign. These tools include the '''Article List Generator by Topic''' and '''CampWiz'''. The Article List Generator by Topic enables users to identify articles on the English Wikipedia that are not present in their native language Wikipedia. Users can customize their selection criteria, and the tool will present a table showcasing the missing articles along with suggested titles. Additionally, users have the option to download the list in both CSV and wikitable formats. Notably, the CampWiz tool will be employed for the project for the first time, empowering users to effectively host the project with a jury. Both tools are now available for use in the campaign. [https://tools.wikilovesfolklore.org/ '''Click here to access these tools'''] Learn more about the contest and prizes on our [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2024|project page]]. Feel free to contact us on our [[:m:Talk:Feminism and Folklore 2024/Project Page|meta talk page]] or by email us if you need any assistance. We look forward to your immense coordination. Thank you and Best wishes, '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2024|Feminism and Folklore 2024 International Team]]''' ::::Stay connected [[File:B&W Facebook icon.png|link=https://www.facebook.com/feminismandfolklore/|30x30px]]&nbsp; [[File:B&W Twitter icon.png|link=https://twitter.com/wikifolklore|30x30px]] </div></div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|yeewtu]]) 07:26, 18 Siilo 2024 (UTC) == Wiki Loves Folklore is back! == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> {{int:please-translate}} [[File:Wiki Loves Folklore Logo.svg|right|150px|frameless]] Dear Wiki Community, You are humbly invited to participate in the '''[[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2024|Wiki Loves Folklore 2024]]''' an international photography contest organized on Wikimedia Commons to document folklore and intangible cultural heritage from different regions, including, folk creative activities and many more. It is held every year from the '''1st till the 31st''' of March. You can help in enriching the folklore documentation on Commons from your region by taking photos, audios, videos, and [https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:UploadWizard&campaign=wlf_2024 submitting] them in this commons contest. You can also [[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2024/Organize|organize a local contest]] in your country and support us in translating the [[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2024/Translations|project pages]] to help us spread the word in your native language. Feel free to contact us on our [[:c:Commons talk:Wiki Loves Folklore 2024|project Talk page]] if you need any assistance. '''Kind regards,''' '''Wiki loves Folklore International Team''' -- [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|yeewtu]]) 07:26, 18 Siilo 2024 (UTC) </div></div> <!-- Message sent by User:Tiven2240@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery/Wikipedia&oldid=23942484 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Vote on the Charter for the Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/wiki/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter/Announcement - voting opens|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:wiki/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter/Announcement - voting opens}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]'' Hello all, I am reaching out to you today to announce that the voting period for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee]] (U4C) Charter is now open. Community members may [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Charter/Voter_information|cast their vote and provide comments about the charter via SecurePoll]] now through '''2 February 2024'''. Those of you who voiced your opinions during the development of the [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Enforcement_guidelines|UCoC Enforcement Guidelines]] will find this process familiar. The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter|current version of the U4C Charter]] is on Meta-wiki with translations available. Read the charter, go vote and share this note with others in your community. I can confidently say the U4C Building Committee looks forward to your participation. On behalf of the UCoC Project team,<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[m:User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] 18:08, 19 Siilo 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=25853527 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Last days to vote on the Charter for the Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/wiki/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter/Announcement - voting reminder|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:wiki/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter/Announcement - voting reminder}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]'' Hello all, I am reaching out to you today to remind you that the voting period for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee]] (U4C) charter will close on '''2 February 2024'''. Community members may [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Charter/Voter_information|cast their vote and provide comments about the charter via SecurePoll]]. Those of you who voiced your opinions during the development of the [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Enforcement_guidelines|UCoC Enforcement Guidelines]] will find this process familiar. The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter|current version of the U4C charter]] is on Meta-wiki with translations available. Read the charter, go vote and share this note with others in your community. I can confidently say the U4C Building Committee looks forward to your participation. On behalf of the UCoC Project team,<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[m:User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] 17:00, 31 Siilo 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=25853527 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Announcing the results of the UCoC Coordinating Committee Charter ratification vote</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/wiki/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter/Announcement - results|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:wiki/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter/Announcement - results}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]'' Dear all, Thank you everyone for following the progress of the Universal Code of Conduct. I am writing to you today to announce the outcome of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Charter/Voter_information|ratification vote]] on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee Charter]]. 1746 contributors voted in this ratification vote with 1249 voters supporting the Charter and 420 voters not. The ratification vote process allowed for voters to provide comments about the Charter. A report of voting statistics and a summary of voter comments will be published on Meta-wiki in the coming weeks. Please look forward to hearing about the next steps soon. On behalf of the UCoC Project team,<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[m:User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] 18:23, 12 Colte 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=26160150 --> == Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2024: We are back! == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> [[File:UCDM 2024 general.jpg|180px|right]] {{int:please-translate}} Hello, dear Wikipedians!<br/> [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Ukraine|Wikimedia Ukraine]], in cooperation with the [[:en:Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine|MFA of Ukraine]] and [[:en:Ukrainian Institute|Ukrainian Institute]], has launched the forth edition of writing challenge "'''[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2024|Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month]]'''", which lasts from 1st until 31st March 2024. The campaign is dedicated to famous Ukrainian artists of cinema, music, literature, architecture, design and cultural phenomena of Ukraine that are now part of world heritage. We accept contribution in every language! The most active contesters will receive prizes.<br/> We invite you to take part and help us improve the coverage of Ukrainian culture on Wikipedia in your language! Also, we plan to set up a [[:m:CentralNotice/Request/UCDM 2024|banner]] to notify users of the possibility to participate in such a challenge! [[:m:User:ValentynNefedov (WMUA)|ValentynNefedov (WMUA)]] ([[:m:User talk:ValentynNefedov (WMUA)|talk]]) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:ValentynNefedov (WMUA)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery/Wikipedia&oldid=26166467 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Report of the U4C Charter ratification and U4C Call for Candidates now available</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024/Announcement – call for candidates| You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024/Announcement – call for candidates}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]'' Hello all, I am writing to you today with two important pieces of information. First, the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter/Vote results|report of the comments from the Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C) Charter ratification]] is now available. Secondly, the call for candidates for the U4C is open now through April 1, 2024. The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee]] (U4C) is a global group dedicated to providing an equitable and consistent implementation of the UCoC. Community members are invited to submit their applications for the U4C. For more information and the responsibilities of the U4C, please [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter|review the U4C Charter]]. Per the charter, there are 16 seats on the U4C: eight community-at-large seats and eight regional seats to ensure the U4C represents the diversity of the movement. Read more and submit your application on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024|Meta-wiki]]. On behalf of the UCoC project team,<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[m:User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] 16:25, 5 Mbooy 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=26276337 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees 2024 Selection</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> : ''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2024/Announcement/Selection announcement| You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]]'' : ''<div class="plainlinks">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2024/Announcement/Selection announcement|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Wikimedia Foundation elections/2024/Announcement/Selection announcement}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]</div>'' Dear all, This year, the term of 4 (four) Community- and Affiliate-selected Trustees on the Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees will come to an end [1]. The Board invites the whole movement to participate in this year’s selection process and vote to fill those seats. The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections committee|Elections Committee]] will oversee this process with support from Foundation staff [2]. The Board Governance Committee created a Board Selection Working Group from Trustees who cannot be candidates in the 2024 community- and affiliate-selected trustee selection process composed of Dariusz Jemielniak, Nataliia Tymkiv, Esra'a Al Shafei, Kathy Collins, and Shani Evenstein Sigalov [3]. The group is tasked with providing Board oversight for the 2024 trustee selection process, and for keeping the Board informed. More details on the roles of the Elections Committee, Board, and staff are here [4]. Here are the key planned dates: * May 2024: Call for candidates and call for questions * June 2024: Affiliates vote to shortlist 12 candidates (no shortlisting if 15 or less candidates apply) [5] * June-August 2024: Campaign period * End of August / beginning of September 2024: Two-week community voting period * October–November 2024: Background check of selected candidates * Board's Meeting in December 2024: New trustees seated Learn more about the 2024 selection process - including the detailed timeline, the candidacy process, the campaign rules, and the voter eligibility criteria - on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2024|this Meta-wiki page]], and make your plan. '''Election Volunteers''' Another way to be involved with the 2024 selection process is to be an Election Volunteer. Election Volunteers are a bridge between the Elections Committee and their respective community. They help ensure their community is represented and mobilize them to vote. Learn more about the program and how to join on this [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2024/Election Volunteers|Meta-wiki page]]. Best regards, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:Pundit|Dariusz Jemielniak]] (Governance Committee Chair, Board Selection Working Group) [1] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2021/Results#Elected [2] https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Committee:Elections_Committee_Charter [3] https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Minutes:2023-08-15#Governance_Committee [4] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections_committee/Roles [5] Even though the ideal number is 12 candidates for 4 open seats, the shortlisting process will be triggered if there are more than 15 candidates because the 1-3 candidates that are removed might feel ostracized and it would be a lot of work for affiliates to carry out the shortlisting process to only eliminate 1-3 candidates from the candidate list.<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[User:MPossoupe_(WMF)|MPossoupe_(WMF)]]19:57, 12 Mbooy 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:MPossoupe (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=26349432 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Your wiki will be in read-only soon</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="server-switch"/><div class="plainlinks"> [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|Read this message in another language]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Tech%2FServer+switch&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}] The [[foundation:|Wikimedia Foundation]] will switch the traffic between its data centers. This will make sure that Wikipedia and the other Wikimedia wikis can stay online even after a disaster. All traffic will switch on '''{{#time:j xg|2024-03-20|en}}'''. The test will start at '''[https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/{{#time:U|2024-03-20T14:00|en}} {{#time:H:i e|2024-03-20T14:00}}]'''. Unfortunately, because of some limitations in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:What is MediaWiki?|MediaWiki]], all editing must stop while the switch is made. We apologize for this disruption, and we are working to minimize it in the future. '''You will be able to read, but not edit, all wikis for a short period of time.''' *You will not be able to edit for up to an hour on {{#time:l j xg Y|2024-03-20|en}}. *If you try to edit or save during these times, you will see an error message. We hope that no edits will be lost during these minutes, but we can't guarantee it. If you see the error message, then please wait until everything is back to normal. Then you should be able to save your edit. But, we recommend that you make a copy of your changes first, just in case. ''Other effects'': *Background jobs will be slower and some may be dropped. Red links might not be updated as quickly as normal. If you create an article that is already linked somewhere else, the link will stay red longer than usual. Some long-running scripts will have to be stopped. * We expect the code deployments to happen as any other week. However, some case-by-case code freezes could punctually happen if the operation require them afterwards. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/GitLab|GitLab]] will be unavailable for about 90 minutes. This project may be postponed if necessary. You can [[wikitech:Switch_Datacenter|read the schedule at wikitech.wikimedia.org]]. Any changes will be announced in the schedule. There will be more notifications about this. A banner will be displayed on all wikis 30 minutes before this operation happens. '''Please share this information with your community.'''</div><section end="server-switch"/> </div> [[user:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]], 00:00, 15 Mbooy 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Non-Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&oldid=25636619 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Vote now to select members of the first U4C</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024/Announcement – vote opens|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024/Announcement – vote opens}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]'' Dear all, I am writing to you to let you know the voting period for the Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C) is open now through May 9, 2024. Read the information on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024|voting page on Meta-wiki]] to learn more about voting and voter eligibility. The Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C) is a global group dedicated to providing an equitable and consistent implementation of the UCoC. Community members were invited to submit their applications for the U4C. For more information and the responsibilities of the U4C, please [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter|review the U4C Charter]]. Please share this message with members of your community so they can participate as well. On behalf of the UCoC project team,<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[m:User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] 20:20, 25 Seeɗto 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=26390244 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Sign up for the language community meeting on May 31st, 16:00 UTC</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="message"/>Hello all, The next language community meeting is scheduled in a few weeks - May 31st at 16:00 UTC. If you're interested, you can [https://www.mediawiki.org/w/index.php?title=Wikimedia_Language_engineering/Community_meetings#31_May_2024 sign up on this wiki page]. This is a participant-driven meeting, where we share language-specific updates related to various projects, collectively discuss technical issues related to language wikis, and work together to find possible solutions. For example, in the last meeting, the topics included the machine translation service (MinT) and the languages and models it currently supports, localization efforts from the Kiwix team, and technical challenges with numerical sorting in files used on Bengali Wikisource. Do you have any ideas for topics to share technical updates related to your project? Any problems that you would like to bring for discussion during the meeting? Do you need interpretation support from English to another language? Please reach out to me at ssethi(__AT__)wikimedia.org and [[etherpad:p/language-community-meeting-may-2024|add agenda items to the document here]]. We look forward to your participation! <section end="message"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 21:22, 14 Duujal 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:SSethi (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=26390244 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Feedback invited on Procedure for Sibling Project Lifecycle</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Community Affairs Committee/Procedure for Sibling Project Lifecycle/Invitation for feedback (MM)|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Wikimedia Foundation Community Affairs Committee/Procedure for Sibling Project Lifecycle/Invitation for feedback (MM)}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]'' [[File:Sibling Project Lifecycle Conversation 3.png|150px|right|link=:m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Community Affairs Committee/Procedure for Sibling Project Lifecycle]] Dear community members, The [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Community Affairs Committee|Community Affairs Committee]] (CAC) of the [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees|Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees]] invites you to give feedback on a '''[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Community Affairs Committee/Procedure for Sibling Project Lifecycle|draft Procedure for Sibling Project Lifecycle]]'''. This draft Procedure outlines proposed steps and requirements for opening and closing Wikimedia Sibling Projects, and aims to ensure any newly approved projects are set up for success. This is separate from the procedures for opening or closing language versions of projects, which is handled by the [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Language committee|Language Committee]] or [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Closing_projects_policy|closing projects policy]]. You can find the details on [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Talk:Wikimedia Foundation Community Affairs Committee/Procedure for Sibling Project Lifecycle#Review|this page]], as well as the ways to give your feedback from today until the end of the day on '''June 23, 2024''', anywhere on Earth. You can also share information about this with the interested project communities you work with or support, and you can also help us translate the procedure into more languages, so people can join the discussions in their own language. On behalf of the CAC,<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[m:User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] 02:25, 22 Duujal 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=26390244 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Announcing the first Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024/Announcement – results|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024/Announcement – results}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]'' Hello, The scrutineers have finished reviewing the vote results. We are following up with the results of the first [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C) election]]. We are pleased to announce the following individuals as regional members of the U4C, who will fulfill a two-year term: * North America (USA and Canada) ** – * Northern and Western Europe ** [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:Ghilt|Ghilt]] * Latin America and Caribbean ** – * Central and East Europe (CEE) ** — * Sub-Saharan Africa ** – * Middle East and North Africa ** [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:Ibrahim.ID|Ibrahim.ID]] * East, South East Asia and Pacific (ESEAP) ** [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:0xDeadbeef|0xDeadbeef]] * South Asia ** – The following individuals are elected to be community-at-large members of the U4C, fulfilling a one-year term: * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:Barkeep49|Barkeep49]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:Superpes15|Superpes15]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:Civvì|Civvì]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:Luke081515|Luke081515]] * – * – * – * – Thank you again to everyone who participated in this process and much appreciation to the candidates for your leadership and dedication to the Wikimedia movement and community. Over the next few weeks, the U4C will begin meeting and planning the 2024-25 year in supporting the implementation and review of the UCoC and Enforcement Guidelines. Follow their work on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee|Meta-wiki]]. On behalf of the UCoC project team,<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[m:User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] 08:14, 3 Korse 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=26390244 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">The final text of the Wikimedia Movement Charter is now on Meta</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Announcement - Final draft available|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Announcement - Final draft available}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]'' Hi everyone, The final text of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter|Wikimedia Movement Charter]] is now up on Meta in more than 20 languages for your reading. '''What is the Wikimedia Movement Charter?''' The Wikimedia Movement Charter is a proposed document to define roles and responsibilities for all the members and entities of the Wikimedia movement, including the creation of a new body – the Global Council – for movement governance. '''Join the Wikimedia Movement Charter “Launch Party”''' Join the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Movement Charter Launch Party|“Launch Party”]] on '''June 20, 2024''' at '''14.00-15.00 UTC''' ([https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1718892000 your local time]). During this call, we will celebrate the release of the final Charter and present the content of the Charter. Join and learn about the Charter before casting your vote. '''Movement Charter ratification vote''' Voting will commence on SecurePoll on '''June 25, 2024''' at '''00:01 UTC''' and will conclude on '''July 9, 2024''' at '''23:59 UTC.''' You can read more about the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Ratification/Voting|voting process, eligibility criteria, and other details]] on Meta. If you have any questions, please leave a comment on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Talk:Movement Charter|Meta talk page]] or email the MCDC at [mailto:mcdc@wikimedia.org mcdc@wikimedia.org]. On behalf of the MCDC,<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[m:User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] 08:44, 11 Korse 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=26390244 --> == Plans to enable MinT for Wiki readers in Fula Wikipedia == {{int:Hello}} Fula Wikipedians! Apologies as this message is not in your language, {{int:please-translate}}. The [[mw:Wikimedia_Language_engineering|WMF Language team]] has been working on [[mw:MinT#MinT_for_wiki_readers|MinT for Wiki Readers]]. This feature will allow communities to access more content that is only available in other languages with machine translation in Wikipedia. We will be enabling the initial version of this feature first in Igbo Wikipedia, and your Wikipedia is the next to test and have this feature since it will be beneficial for reading content in other languages. For this, our team would like you to read about the feature and [[:ff:Special:AutomaticTranslation|'''test it''']] so you can: * Ask us questions * Tell us how to improve the feature * Give us your feedback on enabling it in your Wikipedia '''About the feature''' The MinT for Wiki Readers is a feature that will allow readers of Fula Wikipedia to expand their reading options and knowledge beyond the language they are familiar with in Wikipedia. For instance, if someone is interested in a topic or content that only exists in the Japanese language and the person is not familiar with the language. While using the mobile web version of Wikipedia, the reader can access the machine translation version of that content in the Fula language from the language selector or the article's footer (as shown in the media files below). [[File:MinT MVP Language Selector entry point video.webm|Language selector entry point]], [[File:MinT_MVP_Article_footer_entry_point.png|Article footer entry point|align=center|300px|whitebg=no|noborder=yes]] These machine-generated translations of content are clearly identified as such, and the human-created content is surfaced and recommended if available. This feature is in its initial development. It is an early and functional version, and many aspects will be improved based on your community member's feedback on what works and what can be improved to better support your needs as readers. '''How to try the tool''' Before we enable this feature in your Wikipedia by the 26th June 2024, we invite members of your community to try MinT for Wiki Readers in your Wikipedia at [[:ff:Special:AutomaticTranslation|Special:AutomaticTranslation]] and give us early feedback in this thread or on [[mw:Talk:MinT#Feedback_from_Wikipedians_about_MinT_for_Wiki_Readers|this talk page]]. Our team would like to know your impression on: * How do you use the feature * Anything we should consider for our plans to enable it? * Your ideas for improving it. We greatly appreciate your time and effort in testing this tool. We eagerly look forward to your valuable feedback and questions, which will be instrumental in the further development of this feature. Thank you. On behalf of the WMF Language team. [[User:UOzurumba (WMF)|UOzurumba (WMF)]] ([[User talk:UOzurumba (WMF)|yeewtu]]) 21:34, 13 Korse 2024 (UTC) == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Voting to ratify the Wikimedia Movement Charter is now open – cast your vote</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Announcement - Ratification vote opens|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Announcement - Ratification vote opens}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]'' Hello everyone, The voting to ratify the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter|'''Wikimedia Movement Charter''']] is now open. The Wikimedia Movement Charter is a document to define roles and responsibilities for all the members and entities of the Wikimedia movement, including the creation of a new body – the Global Council – for movement governance. The final version of the Wikimedia Movement Charter is [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter|available on Meta in different languages]] and attached [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Wikimedia_Movement_Charter_(June_2024).pdf here in PDF format] for your reading. Voting commenced on SecurePoll on '''June 25, 2024''' at '''00:01 UTC''' and will conclude on '''July 9, 2024''' at '''23:59 UTC'''. Please read more on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Ratification/Voting|voter information and eligibility details]]. After reading the Charter, please [[Special:SecurePoll/vote/398|'''vote here''']] and share this note further. If you have any questions about the ratification vote, please contact the Charter Electoral Commission at [mailto:cec@wikimedia.org '''cec@wikimedia.org''']. On behalf of the CEC,<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[m:User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] 10:51, 25 Korse 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=26989444 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Voting to ratify the Wikimedia Movement Charter is ending soon</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Announcement - Final reminder|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Announcement - Final reminder}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]'' Hello everyone, This is a kind reminder that the voting period to ratify the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter|Wikimedia Movement Charter]] will be closed on '''July 9, 2024''', at '''23:59 UTC'''. If you have not voted yet, please vote [[m:Special:SecurePoll/vote/398|on SecurePoll]]. On behalf of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement_Charter/Ratification/Voting#Electoral_Commission|Charter Electoral Commission]],<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[m:User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] 03:45, 8 Morso 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=26989444 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">U4C Special Election - Call for Candidates</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024 Special Election/Announcement – call for candidates|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024 Special Election/Announcement – call for candidates}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]'' Hello all, A special election has been called to fill additional vacancies on the U4C. The call for candidates phase is open from now through July 19, 2024. The [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee]] (U4C) is a global group dedicated to providing an equitable and consistent implementation of the [[:foundation:Wikimedia Foundation Universal Code of Conduct|UCoC]]. Community members are invited to submit their applications in the special election for the U4C. For more information and the responsibilities of the U4C, please review the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter|U4C Charter]]. In this special election, according to [[Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter#2. Elections and Terms|chapter 2 of the U4C charter]], there are 9 seats available on the U4C: '''four''' community-at-large seats and '''five''' regional seats to ensure the U4C represents the diversity of the movement. [[Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter#5. Glossary|No more than two members of the U4C can be elected from the same home wiki]]. Therefore, candidates must not have English Wikipedia, German Wikipedia, or Italian Wikipedia as their home wiki. Read more and submit your application on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024 Special Election|Meta-wiki]]. In cooperation with the U4C,<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> -- [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 00:02, 10 Morso 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=26989444 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Wikimedia Movement Charter ratification voting results</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Announcement - Results of the ratification vote|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Announcement - Results of the ratification vote}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]'' Hello everyone, After carefully tallying both individual and affiliate votes, the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Ratification/Voting#Electoral Commission|Charter Electoral Commission]] is pleased to announce the final results of the Wikimedia Movement Charter voting.   As [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Talk:Movement Charter#Thank you for your participation in the Movement Charter ratification vote!|communicated]] by the Charter Electoral Commission, we reached the quorum for both Affiliate and individual votes by the time the vote closed on '''July 9, 23:59 UTC'''. We thank all 2,451 individuals and 129 Affiliate representatives who voted in the ratification process. Your votes and comments are invaluable for the future steps in Movement Strategy. The final results of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter|Wikimedia Movement Charter]] ratification voting held between 25 June and 9 July 2024 are as follows: '''Individual vote:''' Out of 2,451 individuals who voted as of July 9 23:59 (UTC), 2,446 have been accepted as valid votes. Among these, '''1,710''' voted “yes”; '''623''' voted “no”; and '''113''' selected “–” (neutral). Because the neutral votes don’t count towards the total number of votes cast, 73.30% voted to approve the Charter (1710/2333), while 26.70% voted to reject the Charter (623/2333). '''Affiliates vote:''' Out of 129 Affiliates designated voters who voted as of July 9 23:59 (UTC), 129 votes are confirmed as valid votes. Among these, '''93''' voted “yes”; '''18''' voted “no”; and '''18''' selected “–” (neutral). Because the neutral votes don’t count towards the total number of votes cast, 83.78% voted to approve the Charter (93/111), while 16.22% voted to reject the Charter (18/111). '''Board of Trustees of the Wikimedia Foundation:''' The Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees voted '''not to ratify''' the proposed Charter during their special Board meeting on July 8, 2024. The Chair of the Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees, Nataliia Tymkiv, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_Board_noticeboard/Board_resolution_and_vote_on_the_proposed_Movement_Charter|shared the result of the vote, the resolution, meeting minutes and proposed next steps]].   With this, the Wikimedia Movement Charter in its current revision is '''not ratified'''. We thank you for your participation in this important moment in our movement’s governance. The Charter Electoral Commission, [[m:User:Abhinav619|Abhinav619]], [[m:User:Borschts|Borschts]], [[m:User:Iwuala Lucy|Iwuala Lucy]], [[m:User:Tochiprecious|Tochiprecious]], [[m:User:Der-Wir-Ing|Der-Wir-Ing]]<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|yeewtu]]) 17:52, 18 Morso 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=26989444 --> == Request for feedback on machine translation support variable provided by Google Translate for your Wikipedia == {{int:Hello}} Fulani Wikipedians! Apologies, as this message is not in your language, {{int:Please-translate}}. Google Translate just introduced machine translation support in Fulani language. However, the language has several variant of translations with different codes, so it is unclear if the variant supported by Google could be useful for your community. Therefore, the WMF Language and Product Localisation team wants to know from members of the Fulani Wikipedia community if this variant is helpful for your translation work. For this, my team would like you to: * [https://translate.google.com/?sl=auto&tl=ff Try the machine translation support] at  https://translate.google.com/. You can paste multiple pieces of content from different Wikipedia articles and check whether the provided result is the correct variant for your language. * Provide us with specific feedback on the machine translation quality. Let us know if the translations are accurate, maintain the original meaning, are grammatically correct, and if the variant is suitable for your Wikipedia. '''Our plans to enable the machine translation support''' If the machine translation is the correct variant, and there are no objections to having translation support. We will deploy it once the support is available in the external APIs. We look forward to your feedback in this thread, as we need to be sure we will be providing a helpful support service for your translation work. Thank you! [[User:UOzurumba (WMF)|UOzurumba (WMF)]] ([[User talk:UOzurumba (WMF)|yeewtu]]) 03:58, 25 Morso 2024 (UTC) On behalf of the WMF Language and Product Localisation team. == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Vote now to fill vacancies of the first U4C</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024 Special Election/Announcement – voting opens|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024 Special Election/Announcement – voting opens}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]'' Dear all, I am writing to you to let you know the voting period for the Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C) is open now through '''August 10, 2024'''. Read the information on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024 Special Election|voting page on Meta-wiki]] to learn more about voting and voter eligibility. The Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C) is a global group dedicated to providing an equitable and consistent implementation of the UCoC. Community members were invited to submit their applications for the U4C. For more information and the responsibilities of the U4C, please [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter|review the U4C Charter]]. Please share this message with members of your community so they can participate as well. In cooperation with the U4C,<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[m:User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] 02:46, 27 Morso 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=26989444 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Reminder! Vote closing soon to fill vacancies of the first U4C</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024 Special Election/Announcement – reminder to vote|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024 Special Election/Announcement – reminder to vote}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]'' Dear all, The voting period for the Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C) is closing soon. It is open through 10 August 2024. Read the information on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election/2024_Special_Election#Voting|the voting page on Meta-wiki to learn more about voting and voter eligibility]]. If you are eligible to vote and have not voted in this special election, it is important that you vote now. '''Why should you vote?''' The U4C is a global group dedicated to providing an equitable and consistent implementation of the UCoC. Community input into the committee membership is critical to the success of the UCoC. Please share this message with members of your community so they can participate as well. In cooperation with the U4C,<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> -- [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 15:29, 6 Juko 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=27183190 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Coming soon: A new sub-referencing feature – try it!</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="Sub-referencing"/> [[File:Sub-referencing reuse visual.png|{{#ifeq:{{#dir}}|ltr|right|left}}|400px]] Hello. For many years, community members have requested an easy way to re-use references with different details. Now, a MediaWiki solution is coming: The new sub-referencing feature will work for wikitext and Visual Editor and will enhance the existing reference system. You can continue to use different ways of referencing, but you will probably encounter sub-references in articles written by other users. More information on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|the project page]]. '''We want your feedback''' to make sure this feature works well for you: * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#Test|Please try]] the current state of development on beta wiki and [[m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|let us know what you think]]. * [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing/Sign-up|Sign up here]] to get updates and/or invites to participate in user research activities. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Deutschland|Wikimedia Deutschland]]’s [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes|Technical Wishes]] team is planning to bring this feature to Wikimedia wikis later this year. We will reach out to creators/maintainers of tools and templates related to references beforehand. Please help us spread the message. --[[m:User:Johannes Richter (WMDE)|Johannes Richter (WMDE)]] ([[m:User talk:Johannes Richter (WMDE)|talk]]) 10:36, 19 August 2024 (UTC) <section end="Sub-referencing"/> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Johannes Richter (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Johannes_Richter_(WMDE)/Sub-referencing/massmessage_list&oldid=27309345 --> == Sign up for the language community meeting on August 30th, 15:00 UTC == Hi all, The next language community meeting is scheduled in a few weeks—on August 30th at 15:00 UTC. If you're interested in joining, you can [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Language_and_Product_Localization/Community_meetings#30_August_2024 sign up on this wiki page]. This participant-driven meeting will focus on sharing language-specific updates related to various projects, discussing technical issues related to language wikis, and working together to find possible solutions. For example, in the last meeting, topics included the Language Converter, the state of language research, updates on the Incubator conversations, and technical challenges around external links not working with special characters on Bengali sites. Do you have any ideas for topics to share technical updates or discuss challenges? Please add agenda items to the document [https://etherpad.wikimedia.org/p/language-community-meeting-aug-2024 here] and reach out to ssethi(__AT__)wikimedia.org. We look forward to your participation! [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|yeewtu]]) 23:19, 22 Juko 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:SSethi (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=27183190 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Announcing the Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''[https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/board-elections@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/OKCCN2CANIH2K7DXJOL2GPVDFWL27R7C/ Original message at wikimedia-l]. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024 Special Election/Announcement - results|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024 Special Election/Announcement - results}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]'' Hello all, The scrutineers have finished reviewing the vote and the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Elections Committee|Elections Committee]] have certified the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024 Special Election/Results|results]] for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024 Special Election|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C) special election]]. I am pleased to announce the following individual as regional members of the U4C, who will fulfill a term until 15 June 2026: * North America (USA and Canada) ** Ajraddatz The following seats were not filled during this special election: * Latin America and Caribbean * Central and East Europe (CEE) * Sub-Saharan Africa * South Asia * The four remaining Community-At-Large seats Thank you again to everyone who participated in this process and much appreciation to the candidates for your leadership and dedication to the Wikimedia movement and community. Over the next few weeks, the U4C will begin meeting and planning the 2024-25 year in supporting the implementation and review of the UCoC and Enforcement Guidelines. You can follow their work on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee|Meta-Wiki]]. On behalf of the U4C and the Elections Committee,<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[m:User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] 14:05, 2 Siilto 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=27183190 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Have your say: Vote for the 2024 Board of Trustees!</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> Hello all, The voting period for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2024|2024 Board of Trustees election]] is now open. There are twelve (12) candidates running for four (4) seats on the Board. Learn more about the candidates by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2024/Candidates|reading their statements]] and their [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2024/Questions_for_candidates|answers to community questions]]. When you are ready, go to the [[Special:SecurePoll/vote/400|SecurePoll]] voting page to vote. '''The vote is open from September 3rd at 00:00 UTC to September 17th at 23:59 UTC'''. To check your voter eligibility, please visit the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2024/Voter_eligibility_guidelines|voter eligibility page]]. Best regards, The Elections Committee and Board Selection Working Group<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|yeewtu]]) 12:14, 3 Siilto 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=27183190 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Your wiki will be in read-only soon</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="server-switch"/><div class="plainlinks"> [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|Read this message in another language]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Tech%2FServer+switch&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}] The [[foundation:|Wikimedia Foundation]] will switch the traffic between its data centers. This will make sure that Wikipedia and the other Wikimedia wikis can stay online even after a disaster. All traffic will switch on '''{{#time:j xg|2024-09-25|en}}'''. The switch will start at '''[https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/{{#time:U|2024-09-25T15:00|en}} {{#time:H:i e|2024-09-25T15:00}}]'''. Unfortunately, because of some limitations in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:What is MediaWiki?|MediaWiki]], all editing must stop while the switch is made. We apologize for this disruption, and we are working to minimize it in the future. A banner will be displayed on all wikis 30 minutes before this operation happens. This banner will remain visible until the end of the operation. '''You will be able to read, but not edit, all wikis for a short period of time.''' *You will not be able to edit for up to an hour on {{#time:l j xg Y|2024-09-25|en}}. *If you try to edit or save during these times, you will see an error message. We hope that no edits will be lost during these minutes, but we can't guarantee it. If you see the error message, then please wait until everything is back to normal. Then you should be able to save your edit. But, we recommend that you make a copy of your changes first, just in case. ''Other effects'': *Background jobs will be slower and some may be dropped. Red links might not be updated as quickly as normal. If you create an article that is already linked somewhere else, the link will stay red longer than usual. Some long-running scripts will have to be stopped. * We expect the code deployments to happen as any other week. However, some case-by-case code freezes could punctually happen if the operation require them afterwards. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/GitLab|GitLab]] will be unavailable for about 90 minutes. This project may be postponed if necessary. You can [[wikitech:Switch_Datacenter|read the schedule at wikitech.wikimedia.org]]. Any changes will be announced in the schedule. '''Please share this information with your community.'''</div><section end="server-switch"/> </div> [[User:Trizek_(WMF)|Trizek_(WMF)]], 09:37, 20 Siilto 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Non-Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&oldid=27248326 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Introducing automated bots</span> == Dear Fulfulde Wikipedia Community, We're seeking your input on introducing automated bots to enhance content management and article quality. These bots will assist with tasks like article assessment and content correction. Join the discussion to ensure transparency and collective decision-making. Your feedback is vital for successful implementation. Thank you.[[User:De-Invincible|De-Invincible]] ([[User talk:De-Invincible|yeewtu]]) 19:33, 21 Siilto 2024 (UTC) :Introducing bot will help us to get what we are capable to, I believe if got it out we will be enable to perform a lot of editing and publishing at the same time. [[User:Adam644|Adam644]] ([[User talk:Adam644|yeewtu]]) 19:49, 21 Siilto 2024 (UTC) :{{Support}}<nowiki> I believe this bot will offer significantly improve content , management and user friendly interface inorder to boost the activities on the page like wise article quality. This automation tasks will reduce the tremendous workload and also may enhance the accuracy. I am Looking forward to its implementation. ~~~~</nowiki> [[User:MOIBARDE|MOIBARDE]] ([[User talk:MOIBARDE|yeewtu]]) 20:08, 21 Siilto 2024 (UTC) :<nowiki>{{Support}}</nowiki> with this bot I believe that we will feel supported and motivated to contribute,this bot will boost our confidence, retention,and content quality.[[User:Sa&#39;eedert|Sa&#39;eedert]] ([[User talk:Sa&#39;eedert|yeewtu]]) 20:14, 21 Siilto 2024 (UTC) :{{Support}} The establishment of the bot will surely diminish the gravity of our workload and also help in managing, organizing, collection and processing of some activities effectively. [[User:Apdoull|Apdoull]] ([[User talk:Apdoull|yeewtu]]) 21:52, 21 Siilto 2024 (UTC) :{{Support}}I believe this bot will significantly improve content management and and article quality.its automated task will reduce workload and enhance accuracy.looking forward to its implementation[[User:Zahraswaty|Zahraswaty]] ([[User talk:Zahraswaty|yeewtu]]) 17:07, 22 Siilto 2024 (UTC) ::{{Support}}<nowiki> I do believe and hope that the bot will improve the editing content management and article quality. Its may also enhance accuracy. Looking forward to to the this new automation and its implementation. ~~~~</nowiki> [[User:Ilya Discuss|Ilya Discuss]] ([[User talk:Ilya Discuss|yeewtu]]) 16:15, 23 Siilto 2024 (UTC) :Hello @[[User:WikiBayer|WikiBayer]], :I hope this message finds you well. I kindly request the unblocking of [[User:Tanvirsdqbot|Tanvirsdqbot]] and [[User:Tanvirsdq|Tanvirsdq]]. The community, including myself, previously asked Tanvir to operate the bot for ffwiki, and while it encountered some issues, neither the bot owner nor we realized a bot flag was necessary. Unblocking them would allow Tanvir to collaborate effectively with ffwiki and enhance our work processes. Thank you for considering this request. [[User:De-Invincible|De-Invincible]] ([[User talk:De-Invincible|yeewtu]]) 17:50, 28 Siilto 2024 (UTC) ::@[[User:De-Invincible|De-Invincible]] I have stopped the bot due to a disfunktion.The missing botflag was not the reason. [[User:WikiBayer|WikiBayer]] ([[User talk:WikiBayer|yeewtu]]) 18:01, 28 Siilto 2024 (UTC) :::@[[User:WikiBayer|WikiBayer]], Thank you for the clarification regarding the bot's status. I understand that the disfunction was the primary issue. Could you provide more details on the specific problems encountered? This information would help us address any technical issues and ensure smoother operation in the future. We appreciate your support and hope to resolve this matter promptly so that [[User:Tanvirsdq|Tanvirsdq ]] can assist with ffwiki effectively. [[User:De-Invincible|De-Invincible]] ([[User talk:De-Invincible|yeewtu]]) 05:58, 29 Siilto 2024 (UTC) ::::I have alread do this. on [[:en:User talk:TanvirSdq]] [[:en:Special:Diff/1248239350|Diff1]], [[:en:Special:Diff/1248239064|Diff2]] [[User:WikiBayer|WikiBayer]] ([[User talk:WikiBayer|yeewtu]]) 07:22, 29 Siilto 2024 (UTC) :::::@[[User:WikiBayer|WikiBayer]], Okay, thank you for your help. [[User:De-Invincible|De-Invincible]] ([[User talk:De-Invincible|yeewtu]]) 07:42, 29 Siilto 2024 (UTC) :Hello everyone, thanks for your interest in automating your wiki's tasks. I'm Tanvir, I'll be more than happy to help you with my knowledge and expertise; I'll be helping you with your technical tasks as a part of "Project Koushal", a project aimed at providing technical support to wikimedia communities . :Thanks @[[User:WikiBayer|WikiBayer]] for understanding the situation and lifting the block. I acknowledge my mistake and will be more careful before deploying any code. Am I set now to run a bot in ffwiki? I probably need a botflag, how do I check if I got that? :I have received a semi formal request from ffwiki to help them with bots. @[[User:De-Invincible|De-Invincible]] is helping me to prepare a welcome bot for ffwiki. Since the bot sent repetitive messages already, I'll test it in a controlled environment with extreme care. Once the welcome bot is up and running, I'll start on other bot requests of you, if you have any. Thanks again and nice to collaborate with ffwiki, we hope to go far together.[[User:TanvirSdq|TanvirSdq]] ([[User talk:TanvirSdq|yeewtu]]) 16:15, 30 Siilto 2024 (UTC) == 'Wikidata item' link is moving. Find out where... == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"><i>Apologies for cross-posting in English. Please consider translating this message.</i>{{tracked|T66315}} Hello everyone, a small change will soon be coming to the user-interface of your Wikimedia project. The [[d:Q16222597|Wikidata item]] [[w:|sitelink]] currently found under the <span style="color: #54595d;"><u>''General''</u></span> section of the '''Tools''' sidebar menu will move into the <span style="color: #54595d;"><u>''In Other Projects''</u></span> section. We would like the Wiki communities feedback so please let us know or ask questions on the [[m:Talk:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Projects/Move_Wikidata_item_link|Discussion page]] before we enable the change which can take place October 4 2024, circa 15:00 UTC+2. More information can be found on [[m:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Projects/Move_Wikidata_item_link|the project page]].<br><br>We welcome your feedback and questions.<br> [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|yeewtu]]) 18:56, 27 Siilto 2024 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Danny Benjafield (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Danny_Benjafield_(WMDE)/MassMessage_Test_List&oldid=27524260 --> == Invitation to Participate in Wiki Loves Ramadan Community Engagement Survey == Dear all, Apologies for writing in English. Please help to translate in your language. We are excited to announce the upcoming [[m:Wiki Loves Ramadan|Wiki Loves Ramadan]] event, a global initiative aimed at celebrating Ramadan by enriching Wikipedia and its sister projects with content related to this significant time of year. As we plan to organize this event globally, your insights and experiences are crucial in shaping the best possible participation experience for the community. To ensure that Wiki Loves Ramadan is engaging, inclusive, and impactful, we kindly invite you to participate in our community engagement survey. Your feedback will help us understand the needs of the community, set the event's focus, and guide our strategies for organizing this global event. Survey link: https://forms.gle/f66MuzjcPpwzVymu5 Please take a few minutes to share your thoughts. Your input will make a difference! Thank you for being a part of our journey to make Wiki Loves Ramadan a success. Warm regards, User:ZI Jony 03:19, 6 Yarkomaa 2024 (UTC) Wiki Loves Ramadan Organizing Team <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Non-Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&oldid=27510935 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Preliminary results of the 2024 Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees elections</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> Hello all, Thank you to everyone who participated in the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2024|2024 Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees election]]. Close to 6000 community members from more than 180 wiki projects have voted. The following four candidates were the most voted: # [[User:Kritzolina|Christel Steigenberger]] # [[User:Nadzik|Maciej Artur Nadzikiewicz]] # [[User:Victoria|Victoria Doronina]] # [[User:Laurentius|Lorenzo Losa]] While these candidates have been ranked through the vote, they still need to be appointed to the Board of Trustees. They need to pass a successful background check and meet the qualifications outlined in the Bylaws. New trustees will be appointed at the next Board meeting in December 2024. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2024/Results|Learn more about the results on Meta-Wiki.]] Best regards, The Elections Committee and Board Selection Working Group <section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[User:MPossoupe_(WMF)|MPossoupe_(WMF)]] 08:25, 14 Yarkomaa 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:MPossoupe (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=27183190 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Seeking volunteers to join several of the movement’s committees</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> Each year, typically from October through December, several of the movement’s committees seek new volunteers. Read more about the committees on their Meta-wiki pages: * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations_Committee|Affiliations Committee (AffCom)]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Ombuds_commission|Ombuds commission (OC)]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation/Legal/Community Resilience and Sustainability/Trust and Safety/Case Review Committee|Case Review Committee (CRC)]] Applications for the committees open on 16 October 2024. Applications for the Affiliations Committee close on 18 November 2024, and applications for the Ombuds commission and the Case Review Committee close on 2 December 2024. Learn how to apply by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation/Legal/Committee_appointments|visiting the appointment page on Meta-wiki]]. Post to the talk page or email [mailto:cst@wikimedia.org cst@wikimedia.org] with any questions you may have. For the Committee Support team, <section end="announcement-content" /> </div> -- [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 23:07, 16 Yarkomaa 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=27601062 --> == 'Wikidata item' link is moving, finally. == Hello everyone, I previously wrote on the 27th September to advise that the ''Wikidata item'' sitelink will change places in the sidebar menu, moving from the '''General''' section into the '''In Other Projects''' section. The scheduled rollout date of 04.10.2024 was delayed due to a necessary request for Mobile/MinervaNeue skin. I am happy to inform that the global rollout can now proceed and will occur later today, 22.10.2024 at 15:00 UTC-2. [[m:Talk:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Projects/Move_Wikidata_item_link|Please let us know]] if you notice any problems or bugs after this change. There should be no need for null-edits or purging cache for the changes to occur. Kind regards, -[[m:User:Danny Benjafield (WMDE)|Danny Benjafield (WMDE)]] 11:28, 22 Yarkomaa 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Danny Benjafield (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Danny_Benjafield_(WMDE)/MassMessage_Test_List&oldid=27535421 --> == Final Reminder: Join us in Making Wiki Loves Ramadan Success == Dear all, We’re thrilled to announce the Wiki Loves Ramadan event, a global initiative to celebrate Ramadan by enhancing Wikipedia and its sister projects with valuable content related to this special time of year. As we organize this event globally, we need your valuable input to make it a memorable experience for the community. Last Call to Participate in Our Survey: To ensure that Wiki Loves Ramadan is inclusive and impactful, we kindly request you to complete our community engagement survey. Your feedback will shape the event’s focus and guide our organizing strategies to better meet community needs. * Survey Link: [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSffN4prPtR5DRSq9nH-t1z8hG3jZFBbySrv32YoxV8KbTwxig/viewform?usp=sf_link Complete the Survey] * Deadline: November 10, 2024 Please take a few minutes to share your thoughts. Your input will truly make a difference! '''Volunteer Opportunity''': Join the Wiki Loves Ramadan Team! We’re seeking dedicated volunteers for key team roles essential to the success of this initiative. If you’re interested in volunteer roles, we invite you to apply. * Application Link: [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSfXiox_eEDH4yJ0gxVBgtL7jPe41TINAWYtpNp1JHSk8zhdgw/viewform?usp=sf_link Apply Here] * Application Deadline: October 31, 2024 Explore Open Positions: For a detailed list of roles and their responsibilities, please refer to the position descriptions here: [https://docs.google.com/document/d/1oy0_tilC6kow5GGf6cEuFvdFpekcubCqJlaxkxh-jT4/ Position Descriptions] Thank you for being part of this journey. We look forward to working together to make Wiki Loves Ramadan a success! Warm regards,<br> The Wiki Loves Ramadan Organizing Team 05:11, 29 Yarkomaa 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Non-Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&oldid=27568454 --> == Proposal to enable the "Contribute" entry point in Fulah Wikipedia == {{Int:Hello}} Fulah Wikipedians, Apologies as this message is not in your language. {{Int:please-translate}}. The [[mediawikiwiki:Wikimedia_Language_and_Product_Localization|WMF Language and Product Localization]] team proposes enabling an entry point called "Contribute" to your Wikipedia. The [[:bn:বিশেষ:Contribute|Contribute]] entry point is based on collaborative work with other product teams in the Wikimedia Foundation on [[mediawikiwiki:Edit_Discovery|Edit discovery]], which validated the entry point as a persistent and constant path that contributors took to discover ways to contribute content in Wikipedia. Therefore, enabling this entry point in your Wikipedia will help contributors quickly discover available tools and immediately click to start using them. This entry point is designed to be a central point for discovering contribution tools in Fulah Wikipedia. '''Who can access it''' Once it is enabled in your Wikipedia, newcomers can access the entry point automatically by just logging into their account, click on the User drop-down menu and choose the "Contribute" icon, which takes you to another menu where you will find a self-guided description of what you can do to contribute content, as shown in the image below. An option to "view contributions" is also available to access the list of your contributions. [[File:Mobile_Contribute_Page.png|link=https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Datei:Mobile_Contribute_Page.png|Mobile Contribute Page]] [[File:Mobile_contribute_menu_(detailed).png|link=https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Datei:Mobile_contribute_menu_(detailed).png|Mobile contribute menu (detailed)]] For experienced contributors, the Contribute icon is not automatically shown in their User drop-down menu. They will still see the "Contributions" option unless they change it to the "Contribute" manually. This feature is available in four Wikipedia (Albanian, Malayalam, Mongolian, and Tagalog). We have gotten valuable feedback that helped us improve its discoverability. Now, it is ready to be enabled in other Wikis. One major improvement was to [[phab:T369041|make the entry point optional for experienced contributors]] who still want to have the "Contributions" entry point as default.           We plan to enable it '''on mobile''' for Wikis, where the Section translation tool is enabled. In this way, we will provide a main entry point to the mobile translation dashboard, and the exposure can still be limited by targeting only the mobile platform for now. If there are no objections to having the entry point for mobile users from your community, we will enable it by 20th November 2024. We welcome your feedback and questions in this thread on our proposal to enable it here. Suppose there are no objections, we will deploy the "Contribute" entry point in your Wikipedia. We look forward to your response soon. Thank you! On behalf of the WMF Language and Product Localization team. [[User:UOzurumba (WMF)|UOzurumba (WMF)]] ([[User talk:UOzurumba (WMF)|yeewtu]]) 02:52, 7 Jolal 2024 (UTC) == Sign up for the language community meeting on November 29th, 16:00 UTC == Hello everyone, The next language community meeting is coming up next week, on November 29th, at 16:00 UTC (Zonestamp! For your timezone <https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1732896000>). If you're interested in joining, you can sign up on this wiki page: <https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Language_and_Product_Localization/Community_meetings#29_November_2024>. This participant-driven meeting will be organized by the Wikimedia Foundation’s Language Product Localization team and the Language Diversity Hub. There will be presentations on topics like developing language keyboards, the creation of the Moore Wikipedia, and the language support track at Wiki Indaba. We will also have members from the Wayuunaiki community joining us to share their experiences with the Incubator and as a new community within our movement. This meeting will have a Spanish interpretation. Looking forward to seeing you at the language community meeting! Cheers, [[User:SSethi (WMF)|Srishti]] 19:54, 21 Jolal 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:SSethi (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=27746256 --> == Launching! Join Us for Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025! == Dear All, We’re happy to announce the launch of [[m:Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025|Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025]], an annual international campaign dedicated to celebrating and preserving Islamic cultures and history through the power of Wikipedia. As an active contributor to the Local Wikipedia, you are specially invited to participate in the launch. This year’s campaign will be launched for you to join us write, edit, and improve articles that showcase the richness and diversity of Islamic traditions, history, and culture. * Topic: [[m:Event:Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025 Campaign Launch|Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025 Campaign Launch]] * When: Jan 19, 2025 * Time: 16:00 Universal Time UTC and runs throughout Ramadan (starting February 25, 2025). * Join Zoom Meeting: https://us02web.zoom.us/j/88420056597?pwd=NdrpqIhrwAVPeWB8FNb258n7qngqqo.1 * Zoom meeting hosted by [[m:Wikimedia Bangladesh|Wikimedia Bangladesh]] To get started, visit the [[m:Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025|campaign page]] for details, resources, and guidelines: Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025. Add [[m:Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025/Participant|your community here]], and organized Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025 in your local language. Whether you’re a first-time editor or an experienced Wikipedian, your contributions matter. Together, we can ensure Islamic cultures and traditions are well-represented and accessible to all. Feel free to invite your community and friends too. Kindly reach out if you have any questions or need support as you prepare to participate. Let’s make Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025 a success! For the [[m:Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025/Team|International Team]] 12:08, 16 Siilo 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Non-Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&oldid=27568454 --> == Universal Code of Conduct annual review: provide your comments on the UCoC and Enforcement Guidelines == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> My apologies for writing in English. {{Int:Please-translate}}. I am writing to you to let you know the annual review period for the Universal Code of Conduct and Enforcement Guidelines is open now. You can make suggestions for changes through 3 February 2025. This is the first step of several to be taken for the annual review. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Annual_review|Read more information and find a conversation to join on the UCoC page on Meta]]. The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee]] (U4C) is a global group dedicated to providing an equitable and consistent implementation of the UCoC. This annual review was planned and implemented by the U4C. For more information and the responsibilities of the U4C, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Charter|you may review the U4C Charter]]. Please share this information with other members in your community wherever else might be appropriate. -- In cooperation with the U4C, [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 01:11, 24 Siilo 2025 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=27746256 --> == Feminism and Folklore 2025 starts soon == <div style="border:8px maroon ridge;padding:6px;> [[File:Feminism and Folklore 2025 logo.svg|centre|550px|frameless]] ::<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <center>''{{int:please-translate}}''</center> Dear Wiki Community, You are humbly invited to organize the '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2025|Feminism and Folklore 2025]]''' writing competition from February 1, 2025, to March 31, 2025 on your local Wikipedia. This year, Feminism and Folklore will focus on feminism, women's issues, and gender-focused topics for the project, with a [[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2025|Wiki Loves Folklore]] gender gap focus and a folk culture theme on Wikipedia. You can help Wikipedia's coverage of folklore from your area by writing or improving articles about things like folk festivals, folk dances, folk music, women and queer folklore figures, folk game athletes, women in mythology, women warriors in folklore, witches and witch hunting, fairy tales, and more. Users can help create new articles, expand or translate from a generated list of suggested articles. Organisers are requested to work on the following action items to sign up their communities for the project: # Create a page for the contest on the local wiki. # Set up a campaign on '''CampWiz''' tool. # Create the local list and mention the timeline and local and international prizes. # Request local admins for site notice. # Link the local page and the CampWiz link on the [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2025/Project Page|meta project page]]. This year, the Wiki Loves Folklore Tech Team has introduced two new tools to enhance support for the campaign. These tools include the '''Article List Generator by Topic''' and '''CampWiz'''. The Article List Generator by Topic enables users to identify articles on the English Wikipedia that are not present in their native language Wikipedia. Users can customize their selection criteria, and the tool will present a table showcasing the missing articles along with suggested titles. Additionally, users have the option to download the list in both CSV and wikitable formats. Notably, the CampWiz tool will be employed for the project for the first time, empowering users to effectively host the project with a jury. Both tools are now available for use in the campaign. [https://tools.wikilovesfolklore.org/ '''Click here to access these tools'''] Learn more about the contest and prizes on our [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2025|project page]]. Feel free to contact us on our [[:m:Talk:Feminism and Folklore 2025/Project Page|meta talk page]] or by email us if you need any assistance. We look forward to your immense coordination. Thank you and Best wishes, '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2025|Feminism and Folklore 2025 International Team]]''' ::::Stay connected [[File:B&W Facebook icon.png|link=https://www.facebook.com/feminismandfolklore/|30x30px]]&nbsp; [[File:B&W Twitter icon.png|link=https://twitter.com/wikifolklore|30x30px]] </div></div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|yeewtu]]) 02:35, 29 Siilo 2025 (UTC) == Wiki Loves Folklore is back! == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> {{int:please-translate}} [[File:Wiki Loves Folklore Logo.svg|right|150px|frameless]] Dear Wiki Community, You are humbly invited to participate in the '''[[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2025|Wiki Loves Folklore 2025]]''' an international media contest organized on Wikimedia Commons to document folklore and intangible cultural heritage from different regions, including, folk creative activities and many more. It is held every year from the '''1st till the 31st''' of March. You can help in enriching the folklore documentation on Commons from your region by taking photos, audios, videos, and [https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:UploadWizard&campaign=wlf_2025 submitting] them in this commons contest. You can also [[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2025/Organize|organize a local contest]] in your country and support us in translating the [[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2025/Translations|project pages]] to help us spread the word in your native language. Feel free to contact us on our [[:c:Commons talk:Wiki Loves Folklore 2025|project Talk page]] if you need any assistance. '''Kind regards,''' '''Wiki loves Folklore International Team''' --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|yeewtu]]) 02:35, 29 Siilo 2025 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Tiven2240@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery/Wikipedia&oldid=26503019 --> == Reminder: first part of the annual UCoC review closes soon == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> My apologies for writing in English. {{Int:Please-translate}}. This is a reminder that the first phase of the annual review period for the Universal Code of Conduct and Enforcement Guidelines will be closing soon. You can make suggestions for changes through [[d:Q614092|the end of day]], 3 February 2025. This is the first step of several to be taken for the annual review. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Annual_review|Read more information and find a conversation to join on the UCoC page on Meta]]. After review of the feedback, proposals for updated text will be published on Meta in March for another round of community review. Please share this information with other members in your community wherever else might be appropriate. -- In cooperation with the U4C, [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 00:48, 3 Colte 2025 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=28198931 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr"> Upcoming Language Community Meeting (Feb 28th, 14:00 UTC) and Newsletter</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="message"/> Hello everyone! [[File:WP20Symbols WIKI INCUBATOR.svg|right|frameless|150x150px|alt=An image symbolising multiple languages]] We’re excited to announce that the next '''Language Community Meeting''' is happening soon, '''February 28th at 14:00 UTC'''! If you’d like to join, simply sign up on the '''[[mw:Wikimedia_Language_and_Product_Localization/Community_meetings#28_February_2025|wiki page]]'''. This is a participant-driven meeting where we share updates on language-related projects, discuss technical challenges in language wikis, and collaborate on solutions. In our last meeting, we covered topics like developing language keyboards, creating the Moore Wikipedia, and updates from the language support track at Wiki Indaba. '''Got a topic to share?''' Whether it’s a technical update from your project, a challenge you need help with, or a request for interpretation support, we’d love to hear from you! Feel free to '''reply to this message''' or add agenda items to the document '''[[etherpad:p/language-community-meeting-feb-2025|here]]'''. Also, we wanted to highlight that the sixth edition of the Language & Internationalization newsletter (January 2025) is available here: [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Newsletter/2025/January|Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Newsletter/2025/January]]. This newsletter provides updates from the October–December 2024 quarter on new feature development, improvements in various language-related technical projects and support efforts, details about community meetings, and ideas for contributing to projects. To stay updated, you can subscribe to the newsletter on its wiki page: [[:mw:Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Newsletter|Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Newsletter]]. We look forward to your ideas and participation at the language community meeting, see you there! <section end="message"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 08:29, 22 Colte 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:SSethi (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=28217779 --> == Request for Bot Flag and Bot Permission == Dear Community members, I write to formally request a bot flag and bot permission for [[User:Tanvirsdqbot|Tanvirsdqbot]]. The bot is designed to assist with various tasks on the Fulfulde Wikipedia, primarily starting with sending welcome messages to new users. While over time, the bot’s roles will expand to include tasks such as categorizing pages, correcting minor errors, and other maintenance work to improve the efficiency and quality of the Fulfulde Wikipedia. This will allow editors to focus on more complex contributions. Previously, the bot has been blocked because it lacks a bot flag and permission to operate. A bot flag will allow the bot to perform its tasks without being mistaken for a regular user account, reducing the likelihood of blocks and ensuring smooth operation. I kindly request the community to discuss and approve this request. Your support will ensure that the bot can operate effectively and contribute to the growth and maintenance of the Fulfulde Wikipedia. If there are any concerns or suggestions regarding the bot’s tasks or permissions, [[User:TanvirSdq|TanvirSdq]] will be more than happy to address them. Thank you, [[User:De-Invincible|De-Invincible]] ([[User talk:De-Invincible|yeewtu]]) 07:07, 28 Colte 2025 (UTC) :I believe this bot will offer significantly improved content , management and user friendly interface in order to boost the activities on the page like wise article quality. This automation tasks will reduce the tremendous workload and also may enhance the accuracy. I am Looking forward to its implementation. [[User:Adam644|Adam644]] ([[User talk:Adam644|yeewtu]]) 07:31, 28 Colte 2025 (UTC) :I support Tanvirsdqbot to have a bot flag and bot permission. [[User:Isah Ali Umar|Isah Ali Umar]] ([[User talk:Isah Ali Umar|yeewtu]]) 07:49, 28 Colte 2025 (UTC) :With bot flag I believe that the bot will operate effectively and will support us in various ways. I therefore endorsed it to have a bot flag. [[User:Sa&#39;eedert|Sa&#39;eedert]] ([[User talk:Sa&#39;eedert|yeewtu]]) 08:32, 28 Colte 2025 (UTC) :Introducing bot will help us to get what we are capable of, I believe if we get it out we will be able to perform a lot of clean up tasks. Bot permission is essential to make that happen. I support. [[User:MOIBARDE|MOIBARDE]] ([[User talk:MOIBARDE|yeewtu]]) 15:31, 28 Colte 2025 (UTC) :The establishment of this bot will surely diminish the gravity of our workload and also help in managing, organizing, collection and processing some activities effectively. I therefore support giving it a bot permission [[User:Apdoull|Apdoull]] ([[User talk:Apdoull|yeewtu]]) [[User:Apdoull|Apdoull]] ([[User talk:Apdoull|yeewtu]]) 07:44, 2 Mbooy 2025 (UTC) :Hello sir, [[User:WikiBayer|WikiBayer]], we would like to request a bot flag and permissions for [[User:Tanvirsdqbot|Tanvirsdqbot]]. The bot has been blocked when tested due to lack of a bot flag, and the community has no objections. It task will begin by sending welcome messages and later help with tasks like categorization and error correction. Please grant the necessary permissions. Thank you! [[User:De-Invincible|De-Invincible]] ([[User talk:De-Invincible|yeewtu]]) 16:19, 3 Mbooy 2025 (UTC) ::@[[User:De-Invincible|De-Invincible]] the bot ([[Special:Contributions/TanvirSdqBot]]) is no longer blocked. Please visit [[:meta:SRB#Bot status requests]] to officially post the request for bot permissions for ffwiki, linking this local discussion as consensus. [[User:Johannnes89|Johannnes89]] ([[User talk:Johannnes89|yeewtu]]) 09:56, 5 Mbooy 2025 (UTC) :::Thank you for your help sir, @[[User:Johannnes89|Johannnes89]]. [[User:De-Invincible|De-Invincible]] ([[User talk:De-Invincible|yeewtu]]) 10:58, 5 Mbooy 2025 (UTC) ::::@[[User:De-Invincible|De-Invincible]] I guess this is now taken care of [[User:Adelaideslement8723|Adelaideslement8723]] ([[User talk:Adelaideslement8723|yeewtu]]) 13:34, 5 Mbooy 2025 (UTC) :::::Yes, thank you. [[User:De-Invincible|De-Invincible]] ([[User talk:De-Invincible|yeewtu]]) 15:00, 5 Mbooy 2025 (UTC) == Universal Code of Conduct annual review: proposed changes are available for comment == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> My apologies for writing in English. {{Int:Please-translate}}. I am writing to you to let you know that [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Annual_review/Proposed_Changes|proposed changes]] to the [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Enforcement_guidelines|Universal Code of Conduct (UCoC) Enforcement Guidelines]] and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Charter|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C) Charter]] are open for review. '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Annual_review/Proposed_Changes|You can provide feedback on suggested changes]]''' through the [[d:Q614092|end of day]] on Tuesday, 18 March 2025. This is the second step in the annual review process, the final step will be community voting on the proposed changes. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Annual_review|Read more information and find relevant links about the process on the UCoC annual review page on Meta]]. The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee]] (U4C) is a global group dedicated to providing an equitable and consistent implementation of the UCoC. This annual review was planned and implemented by the U4C. For more information and the responsibilities of the U4C, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Charter|you may review the U4C Charter]]. Please share this information with other members in your community wherever else might be appropriate. -- In cooperation with the U4C, [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] 18:51, 7 Mbooy 2025 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=28307738 --> == An improved dashboard for the Content Translation tool == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> {{Int:hello}} Wikipedians, Apologies as this message is not in your language, {{Int:please-translate}}. The [[mediawikiwiki:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Language_and_Product_Localization|Language and Product Localization team]] has improved the [https://test.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:ContentTranslation&filter-type=automatic&filter-id=previous-edits&active-list=suggestions&from=en&to=es Content Translation dashboard] to create a consistent experience for all contributors using mobile and desktop devices. The improved translation dashboard allows all logged-in users of the tool to enjoy a consistent experience regardless of their type of device. With a harmonized experience, logged-in desktop users now have access to the capabilities shown in the image below. [[file:Content_Translation_new-dashboard.png|alt=|center|thumb|576x576px|Notice that in this screenshot, the new dashboard allows: Users to adjust suggestions with the "For you" and "...More" buttons to select general topics or community-created collections (like the example of Climate topic).  Also, users can use translation to create new articles (as before) and expand existing articles section by section. You can see how suggestions are provided in the new dashboard  in two groups ("Create new pages" and "Expand with new sections")-one for each activity.]] [[File:Content_Translation_dashboard_on_desktop.png|alt=|center|thumb|577x577px|In the current dashboard, you will notice that you can't adjust suggestions to select topics or community-created collections. Also, you can't expand on existing articles by translating new sections.]] We will implement [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Content translation#Improved translation experience|this improvement]] on your wiki '''on Monday, March 17th, 2025''' and remove the current dashboard '''by May 2025'''. Please reach out with any questions concerning the dashboard in this thread. Thank you! On behalf of the Language and Product Localization team. </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:UOzurumba (WMF)|UOzurumba (WMF)]]</bdi> 02:55, 13 Mbooy 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:UOzurumba_(WMF)/sandbox_CX_Unified_dashboard_announcement_list_1&oldid=28382282 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Your wiki will be in read-only soon</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="server-switch"/><div class="plainlinks"> [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|Read this message in another language]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Tech%2FServer+switch&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}] The [[foundation:|Wikimedia Foundation]] will switch the traffic between its data centers. This will make sure that Wikipedia and the other Wikimedia wikis can stay online even after a disaster. All traffic will switch on '''{{#time:j xg|2025-03-19|en}}'''. The switch will start at '''[https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/{{#time:U|2025-03-19T14:00|en}} {{#time:H:i e|2025-03-19T14:00}}]'''. Unfortunately, because of some limitations in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:What is MediaWiki?|MediaWiki]], all editing must stop while the switch is made. We apologize for this disruption, and we are working to minimize it in the future. A banner will be displayed on all wikis 30 minutes before this operation happens. This banner will remain visible until the end of the operation. '''You will be able to read, but not edit, all wikis for a short period of time.''' *You will not be able to edit for up to an hour on {{#time:l j xg Y|2025-03-19|en}}. *If you try to edit or save during these times, you will see an error message. We hope that no edits will be lost during these minutes, but we can't guarantee it. If you see the error message, then please wait until everything is back to normal. Then you should be able to save your edit. But, we recommend that you make a copy of your changes first, just in case. ''Other effects'': *Background jobs will be slower and some may be dropped. Red links might not be updated as quickly as normal. If you create an article that is already linked somewhere else, the link will stay red longer than usual. Some long-running scripts will have to be stopped. * We expect the code deployments to happen as any other week. However, some case-by-case code freezes could punctually happen if the operation require them afterwards. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/GitLab|GitLab]] will be unavailable for about 90 minutes. This project may be postponed if necessary. You can [[wikitech:Switch_Datacenter|read the schedule at wikitech.wikimedia.org]]. Any changes will be announced in the schedule. '''Please share this information with your community.'''</div><section end="server-switch"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:14, 14 Mbooy 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Non-Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&oldid=28307742 --> == Final proposed modifications to the Universal Code of Conduct Enforcement Guidelines and U4C Charter now posted == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> The proposed modifications to the [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Enforcement_guidelines|Universal Code of Conduct Enforcement Guidelines]] and the U4C Charter [[m:Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Annual_review/2025/Proposed_Changes|are now on Meta-wiki for community notice]] in advance of the voting period. This final draft was developed from the previous two rounds of community review. Community members will be able to vote on these modifications starting on 17 April 2025. The vote will close on 1 May 2025, and results will be announced no later than 12 May 2025. The U4C election period, starting with a call for candidates, will open immediately following the announcement of the review results. More information will be posted on [[m:Special:MyLanguage//Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election|the wiki page for the election]] soon. Please be advised that this process will require more messages to be sent here over the next two months. The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C)]] is a global group dedicated to providing an equitable and consistent implementation of the UCoC. This annual review was planned and implemented by the U4C. For more information and the responsibilities of the U4C, you may [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Charter|review the U4C Charter]]. Please share this message with members of your community so they can participate as well. -- In cooperation with the U4C, [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User_talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 02:04, 4 Seeɗto 2025 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=28469465 --> == Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2025: Invitation == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:UCDM 2025 general.png|180px|right]] {{int:please-translate}} Hello, dear Wikipedians!<br/> [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Ukraine|Wikimedia Ukraine]], in cooperation with the [[:en:Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine|MFA of Ukraine]] and [[:en:Ukrainian Institute|Ukrainian Institute]], has launched the fifth edition of writing challenge "'''[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2025|Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month]]'''", which lasts from '''14th April''' until '''16th May 2025'''. The campaign is dedicated to famous Ukrainian artists of cinema, music, literature, architecture, design, and cultural phenomena of Ukraine that are now part of world heritage. We accept contributions in every language! The most active contesters will receive prizes. If you are interested in coordinating long-term community engagement for the campaign and becoming a local ambassador, we would love to hear from you! Please let us know your interest. <br/> We invite you to take part and help us improve the coverage of Ukrainian culture on Wikipedia in your language! Also, we plan to set up a [[:m:CentralNotice/Request/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2025|banner]] to notify users of the possibility to participate in such a challenge! [[:m:User:OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)|OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)]] ([[:m:User talk:OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)|talk]]) </div> 16:11, 16 Seeɗto 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Hide on Rosé@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:OlesiaLukaniuk_(WMUA)/list_of_wikis&oldid=28552112 --> == Vote now on the revised UCoC Enforcement Guidelines and U4C Charter == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> The voting period for the revisions to the Universal Code of Conduct Enforcement Guidelines ("UCoC EG") and the UCoC's Coordinating Committee Charter is open now through the end of 1 May (UTC) ([https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1746162000 find in your time zone]). [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Annual_review/2025/Voter_information|Read the information on how to participate and read over the proposal before voting]] on the UCoC page on Meta-wiki. The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C)]] is a global group dedicated to providing an equitable and consistent implementation of the UCoC. This annual review of the EG and Charter was planned and implemented by the U4C. Further information will be provided in the coming months about the review of the UCoC itself. For more information and the responsibilities of the U4C, you may [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Charter|review the U4C Charter]]. Please share this message with members of your community so they can participate as well. In cooperation with the U4C -- [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User_talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 00:34, 17 Seeɗto 2025 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=28469465 --> == Sub-referencing: User testing == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Sub-referencing reuse visual.png|400px|right]] <small>''Apologies for writing in English, please help us by providing a translation below''</small> Hi I’m Johannes from [[:m:Wikimedia Deutschland|Wikimedia Deutschland]]'s [[:m:WMDE Technical Wishes|Technical Wishes team]]. We are making great strides with the new [[:m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|sub-referencing feature]] and we’d love to invite you to take part in two activities to help us move this work further: #'''Try it out and share your feedback''' #:[[:m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing# Test the prototype|Please try]] the updated ''wikitext'' feature [https://en.wikipedia.beta.wmflabs.org/wiki/Sub-referencing on the beta wiki] and let us know what you think, either [[:m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|on our talk page]] or by [https://greatquestion.co/wikimediadeutschland/talktotechwish booking a call] with our UX researcher. #'''Get a sneak peak and help shape the ''Visual Editor'' user designs''' #:Help us test the new design prototypes by participating in user sessions – [https://greatquestion.co/wikimediadeutschland/gxk0taud/apply sign up here to receive an invite]. We're especially hoping to speak with people from underrepresented and diverse groups. If that's you, please consider signing up! No prior or extensive editing experience is required. User sessions will start ''May 14th''. We plan to bring this feature to Wikimedia wikis later this year. We’ll reach out to wikis for piloting in time for deployments. Creators and maintainers of reference-related tools and templates will be contacted beforehand as well. Thank you very much for your support and encouragement so far in helping bring this feature to life! </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:Johannes Richter (WMDE)|Johannes Richter (WMDE)]] ([[User talk:Johannes Richter (WMDE)|talk]])</bdi> 15:03, 28 Seeɗto 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Johannes Richter (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Johannes_Richter_(WMDE)/Sub-referencing/massmessage_list&oldid=28628657 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Vote on proposed modifications to the UCoC Enforcement Guidelines and U4C Charter</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> The voting period for the revisions to the Universal Code of Conduct Enforcement Guidelines and U4C Charter closes on 1 May 2025 at 23:59 UTC ([https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1746162000 find in your time zone]). [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Annual review/2025/Voter information|Read the information on how to participate and read over the proposal before voting]] on the UCoC page on Meta-wiki. The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C)]] is a global group dedicated to providing an equitable and consistent implementation of the UCoC. This annual review was planned and implemented by the U4C. For more information and the responsibilities of the U4C, you may [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter|review the U4C Charter]]. Please share this message with members of your community in your language, as appropriate, so they can participate as well. In cooperation with the U4C -- <section end="announcement-content" /> </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 03:40, 29 Seeɗto 2025 (UTC)</div> <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=28618011 --> == We will be enabling the new Charts extension on your wiki soon! == ''(Apologies for posting in English)'' Hi all! We have good news to share regarding the ongoing problem with graphs and charts affecting all wikis that use them. As you probably know, the [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Graph|old Graph extension]] was disabled in 2023 [[listarchive:list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/EWL4AGBEZEDMNNFTM4FRD4MHOU3CVESO/|due to security reasons]]. We’ve worked in these two years to find a solution that could replace the old extension, and provide a safer and better solution to users who wanted to showcase graphs and charts in their articles. We therefore developed the [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart|Charts extension]], which will be replacing the old Graph extension and potentially also the [[:mw:Extension:EasyTimeline|EasyTimeline extension]]. After successfully deploying the extension on Italian, Swedish, and Hebrew Wikipedia, as well as on MediaWiki.org, as part of a pilot phase, we are now happy to announce that we are moving forward with the next phase of deployment, which will also include your wiki. The deployment will happen in batches, and will start from '''May 6'''. Please, consult [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Project#Deployment Timeline|our page on MediaWiki.org]] to discover when the new Charts extension will be deployed on your wiki. You can also [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart|consult the documentation]] about the extension on MediaWiki.org. If you have questions, need clarifications, or just want to express your opinion about it, please refer to the [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension_talk:Chart/Project|project’s talk page on Mediawiki.org]], or ping me directly under this thread. If you encounter issues using Charts once it gets enabled on your wiki, please report it on the [[:mw:Extension_talk:Chart/Project|talk page]] or at [[phab:tag/charts|Phabricator]]. Thank you in advance! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 15:07, 6 Duujal 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Sannita (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Sannita_(WMF)/Mass_sending_test&oldid=28663781 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Call for Candidates for the Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C)</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> The results of voting on the Universal Code of Conduct Enforcement Guidelines and Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C) Charter is [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Annual review/2025#Results|available on Meta-wiki]]. You may now [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2025/Candidates|submit your candidacy to serve on the U4C]] through 29 May 2025 at 12:00 UTC. Information about [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2025|eligibility, process, and the timeline are on Meta-wiki]]. Voting on candidates will open on 1 June 2025 and run for two weeks, closing on 15 June 2025 at 12:00 UTC. If you have any questions, you can ask on [[m:Talk:Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2025|the discussion page for the election]]. -- in cooperation with the U4C, </div><section end="announcement-content" /> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User_talk:Keegan (WMF)|yewtare]])</bdi> 22:07, 15 Duujal 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=28618011 --> == RfC ongoing regarding Abstract Wikipedia (and your project) == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> ''(Apologies for posting in English, if this is not your first language)'' Hello all! We opened a discussion on Meta about a very delicate issue for the development of [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia|Abstract Wikipedia]]: where to store the abstract content that will be developed through functions from Wikifunctions and data from Wikidata. Since some of the hypothesis involve your project, we wanted to hear your thoughts too. We want to make the decision process clear: we do not yet know which option we want to use, which is why we are consulting here. We will take the arguments from the Wikimedia communities into account, and we want to consult with the different communities and hear arguments that will help us with the decision. The decision will be made and communicated after the consultation period by the Foundation. You can read the various hypothesis and have your say at [[:m:Abstract Wikipedia/Location of Abstract Content|Abstract Wikipedia/Location of Abstract Content]]. Thank you in advance! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|<span class="signature-talk">{{int:Talkpagelinktext}}</span>]]) 15:26, 22 Duujal 2025 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Sannita (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Sannita_(WMF)/Mass_sending_test&oldid=28768453 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees 2025 Selection & Call for Questions</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Announcement/Selection announcement|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Announcement/Selection announcement}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]'' Dear all, This year, the term of 2 (two) Community- and Affiliate-selected Trustees on the Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees will come to an end [1]. The Board invites the whole movement to participate in this year’s selection process and vote to fill those seats. The Elections Committee will oversee this process with support from Foundation staff [2]. The Governance Committee, composed of trustees who are not candidates in the 2025 community-and-affiliate-selected trustee selection process (Raju Narisetti, Shani Evenstein Sigalov, Lorenzo Losa, Kathy Collins, Victoria Doronina and Esra’a Al Shafei) [3], is tasked with providing Board oversight for the 2025 trustee selection process and for keeping the Board informed. More details on the roles of the Elections Committee, Board, and staff are here [4]. Here are the key planned dates: * May 22 – June 5: Announcement (this communication) and call for questions period [6] * June 17 – July 1, 2025: Call for candidates * July 2025: If needed, affiliates vote to shortlist candidates if more than 10 apply [5] * August 2025: Campaign period * August – September 2025: Two-week community voting period * October – November 2025: Background check of selected candidates * Board’s Meeting in December 2025: New trustees seated Learn more about the 2025 selection process - including the detailed timeline, the candidacy process, the campaign rules, and the voter eligibility criteria - on this Meta-wiki page [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2025|[link]]]. '''Call for Questions''' In each selection process, the community has the opportunity to submit questions for the Board of Trustees candidates to answer. The Election Committee selects questions from the list developed by the community for the candidates to answer. Candidates must answer all the required questions in the application in order to be eligible; otherwise their application will be disqualified. This year, the Election Committee will select 5 questions for the candidates to answer. The selected questions may be a combination of what’s been submitted from the community, if they’re alike or related. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2025/Questions_for_candidates|[link]]] '''Election Volunteers''' Another way to be involved with the 2025 selection process is to be an Election Volunteer. Election Volunteers are a bridge between the Elections Committee and their respective community. They help ensure their community is represented and mobilize them to vote. Learn more about the program and how to join on this Meta-wiki page [[m:Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2025/Election_volunteers|[link].]] Thank you! [1] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2022/Results [2] https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Committee:Elections_Committee_Charter [3] https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Resolution:Committee_Membership,_December_2024 [4] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections_committee/Roles [5] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2025/FAQ [6] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2025/Questions_for_candidates Best regards, Victoria Doronina Board Liaison to the Elections Committee Governance Committee<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|yeewtu]]) 03:07, 28 Duujal 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=28618011 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr"> Upcoming Deployment of the CampaignEvents Extension</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="message"/> Hello everyone, ''(Apologies for posting in English if English is not your first language. Please help translate to your language.)'' The Campaigns Product Team is planning a global deployment of the '''[[:mw:Help:Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents extension]]''' to all Wikipedias, including this wiki, during the '''week of June 23rd'''. This extension is designed to help organizers plan and manage events, WikiProjects, and other on-wiki collaborations - and to make these efforts more discoverable. The three main features of this extension are: * '''[[:m:Event_Center/Registration|Event Registration]]''': A simple way to sign up for events on the wiki. * '''[[:m:CampaignEvents/Collaboration_list|Collaboration List]]''': A global list of events and a local list of WikiProjects, accessible at '''[[:m:Special:AllEvents|Special:AllEvents]]'''. * '''[[:m:Campaigns/Foundation_Product_Team/Invitation_list|Invitation Lists]]''': A tool to help organizers find editors who might want to join, based on their past contributions. '''Note''': The extension comes with a new user right called '''"Event Organizer"''', which will be managed by administrators on this wiki. Organizer tools like Event Registration and Invitation Lists will only work if someone is granted this right. The Collaboration List is available to everyone immediately after deployment. The extension is already live on several wikis, including '''Meta, Wikidata, English Wikipedia''', and more ( [[m:CampaignEvents/Deployment_status#Current_Deployment_Status_for_CampaignEvents_extension| See the full deployment list]]) If you have any questions, concerns, or feedback, please feel free to share them on the [[m:Talk:CampaignEvents| extension talkpage]]. We’d love to hear from you before the rollout. Thank you! <section end="message"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:Udehb-WMF|Udehb-WMF]] ([[User talk:Udehb-WMF|yewtare]]) 16:47, 29 Duujal 2025 (UTC)</bdi> <!-- Message sent by User:Udehb-WMF@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Udehb-WMF/sandbox/deployment_audience&oldid=28803829 --> == Help needed with translating User Interface message strings == {{Int:hello}} Wikimedians I hope this message finds you well! We have some User Interface message strings that need your help to be translated into Fulah. Right now, they're at 0 percent, and it would be fantastic to get them fully localized. @[[User:Adamu ab|Adamu ab]] and @[[User:De-Invincible|De-Invincible]], thank you for all your contributions in this Wikipedia. Maybe you are interested in volunteering to translate the message strings, and anyone else interested in jumping in and lending a hand. Below is the link for the message strings on translatewiki: * https://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special%3ATranslate&group=ext-contenttranslation-automatic-translation&language=ff&filter=%21translated&action=translate If you haven’t used [https://translatewiki.net/ translatewiki.net] before, no worries! Here’s what you need: * A good grasp of both English and Fulah. * A TranslateWiki account (your wiki account won’t work here, but you can easily create one with your existing Wiki details, so you don’t have to remember anything new). * A willingness to follow some simple instructions! Once you’ve got your account set up, you’ll need to translate a few random messages for the site to authenticate your knowledge of the language. After that, you can dive right into the translations using the links above. Thanks so much for helping! If you have any questions or need help, let me know. [[User:UOzurumba (WMF)|UOzurumba (WMF)]] ([[User talk:UOzurumba (WMF)|yeewtu]]) 06:56, 7 Korse 2025 (UTC) == Vote now in the 2025 U4C Election == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Apologies for writing in English. {{Int:Please-translate}} Eligible voters are asked to participate in the 2025 [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee]] election. More information–including an eligibility check, voting process information, candidate information, and a link to the vote–are available on Meta at the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election/2025|2025 Election information page]]. The vote closes on 17 June 2025 at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1750161600 12:00 UTC]. Please vote if your account is eligible. Results will be available by 1 July 2025. -- In cooperation with the U4C, [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 23:00, 13 Korse 2025 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=28848819 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees 2025 - Call for Candidates</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''<div class="plainlinks">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Announcement/Call for candidates|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Announcement/Call for candidates}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]</div> Hello all, The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025|call for candidates for the 2025 Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees selection is now open]] from June 17, 2025 – July 2, 2025 at 11:59 UTC [1]. The Board of Trustees oversees the Wikimedia Foundation's work, and each Trustee serves a three-year term [2]. This is a volunteer position. This year, the Wikimedia community will vote in late August through September 2025 to fill two (2) seats on the Foundation Board. Could you – or someone you know – be a good fit to join the Wikimedia Foundation's Board of Trustees? [3] Learn more about what it takes to stand for these leadership positions and how to submit your candidacy on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Candidate application|this Meta-wiki page]] or encourage someone else to run in this year's election. Best regards, Abhishek Suryawanshi<br /> Chair of the Elections Committee On behalf of the Elections Committee and Governance Committee [1] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2025/Call_for_candidates [2] https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Legal:Bylaws#(B)_Term. [3] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2025/Resources_for_candidates<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|yeewtu]]) 17:43, 17 Korse 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=28866958 --> Useemen e haande bandiraɓe Fulɓe woɓɓe kawtal e wikimidia ngal Fulfulde215 mii winnditee gamma temngo'o arduungal laamu e nder Fulfulde wikipedia ngal ummatore kowtarɓe ɓe kawtal taa daarungo'o kowngal ngal ndaatal jeytul anndal Fulfulde wikipedia e taa ummatore yimmɓe kowtarɓe ɓe kawtal hurre. [[User:Fulani215|Fulani215]] ([[User talk:Fulani215|yeewtu]]) 06:45, 6 Korse 2024 (UTC) == E mii tiɗina ɓaawngo kowtarku ɗon waaɗateta taa ɓesdungo winndande de Fulfulde wikipedia == gamma hemngo anndal ngal kautal hurre e nder walletooɓe ummatore yimmɓe too les kowtarku ɗon waaɗateta cuuɓul Fulfulde wikipedia [[User:Adamu ab|Adamu ab]] ([[User talk:Adamu ab|yeewtu]]) 09:28, 6 Korse 2024 (UTC) == E miitiɗina ɓaawngo kowtarku ɗon waaɗateta taa ɓesdungo winndande de Fulfulde wikipedia == gamma hemngo anndal ngal kautal hurre e nder walletooɓe ummatore yimmɓe too les kowtarku ɗon waaɗateta cuuɓul Fulfulde wikipedia [[User:Adamu ab|Adamu ab]] ([[User talk:Adamu ab|yeewtu]]) 09:32, 6 Korse 2024 (UTC) == Emii ɗon nanaa belɗum wallitaaki banɗam pullo gam o laato ballo hooreejo fulfulde wikipedia. == thanks [[User:Mamman AA|Mamman AA]] ([[User talk:Mamman AA|yeewtu]]) 16:01, 6 Korse 2024 (UTC) == wallitaaki banɗam == emii heeditii haa ɗo'o Gam wallitaaki banɗam pullo hedidaaki laataki ballo ha nder fulfulde wikipedia [[User:Mamman AA|Mamman AA]] ([[User talk:Mamman AA|yeewtu]]) 16:11, 6 Korse 2024 (UTC) Nder Fulfulde koute e yahi,en Arabji nibkii lysdi Naajeriya jam borgu Wikipedia toe sebjee Project. Ehh war,ee traini ko bidaa sarboree editor, Fulfulde Wikipedia kankoo tibere lysdi Naajeriya yaree,en, mawbe bididoo ilmu nankoo tarihi, toe sibiree,ilmu sibgou Ari [[User:Bembety|Bembety]] ([[User talk:Bembety|yeewtu]]) 19:22, 7 Korse 2024 (UTC) Emii semmbedina baawande de ciiryurde kowtarku kautal hurre ngal nder fulfulde Wikipedia Gamma wango'o heebatungo kautal hurre ngal ummatore yimmbe too Les kowtarku don kautal hurre taa nder ndaatai jeytul fulfulde Wikipedia == Emii semmbedina baawande de ciiryurde kowtarku kautal hurre ngal nder fulfulde Wikipedia == Emii semmbedina baawande de ciiryurde kowtarku kautal hurre ngal nder fulfulde Wikipedia == Emii semmbedina baawande de ciiryurde kowtarku kautal hurre ngal nder fulfulde Wikipedia == Gamma wango'o heebatungo kautal hurre ngal nder ummatore yimmbe too Les kowtarku don kautal hurre taa nder ndaatai jeytul fulfulde Wikipedia == E mii semmɓedina ɓaawande de ciiryurde kowtarku kautal hurre ngal nder Fulfulde wikipedia == Gamma wango'o  heeɓatungo kautal  hurre ngal ummatore yimmɓe too les kowtarku ɗon kautal hurre taa nder ndaatal jeytul Fulfulde wikipedia [[User:Hauwa&#39;u lawal ardo|Hauwa&#39;u lawal ardo]] ([[User talk:Hauwa&#39;u lawal ardo|yeewtu]]) 16:17, 8 Korse 2024 (UTC) == E mii semmɓedina ɓaawande de ciiryurde kowtarku kautal hurre ngal nder Fulfulde wikipedia == Mii gyelii Bandirawo Fulani215 yendee kankoo shugabaju yandee Fulfulde Wikipedia. Eii kokarii makoo ffwiki limbee saujee, yauwkee, toe bidido. Har jornii Bandirawo toe bandirabe Fulani tarihi sabojee Naajeriya eii lysdi Africa toe Duneeyaru. Mii gyelii gudunmuwa shugabaju yandee Wikipedia nder Fulfulde. [[User:Igallards7|Igallards7]] ([[User talk:Igallards7|yeewtu]]) 17:47, 8 Korse 2024 (UTC) == Request to be come permanent admin in ffwiki == Useemen e haande bandiraɓe Fulɓe woɓɓe kawtal e wikimidia ngal Fulfulde toe ya,e Fulani215215 mii winnditee gamma temngo'o arduungal laamu e nder Fulfulde wikipedia ngal ummatore kowtarɓe ɓe kawtal taa daarungo'o kowngal ngal ndaatal jeytul anndal Fulfulde wikipedia e taa ummatore yimmɓe kowtarɓe ɓe kawtal huree. [[User:Fulani215|Fulani215]] ([[User talk:Fulani215|yeewtu]]) 18:49, 9 Bowte 2024 (UTC) == Emii semɓiiɗinii bandiraawo giɗɗo tefukii laataki hooreejo haa dow fulfulde wikipeediya bi'ado fulani215 gam yiɗii laato adiminnjo nder fulfulde wikipedia == Adminnjo nder fulfulde wikipedia [[User:Mamman AA|Mamman AA]] ([[User talk:Mamman AA|yeewtu]]) 19:46, 9 Bowte 2024 (UTC) == Announcement/ Emitakou Bandirabe am == Miin wanii bandirabe am Fulani215 e mi wata,en project makko Fulfulde Wikipedia yahai jingirde toe yahai yare,en lysidi Naajeeriya Bioware Visibilizing Minority Languages in Nothing Nigeria sadda bewal baware jorni jangirde ilimi, sanee, toh arddido yawte am sadda yare Kuugal Kanuri, Bole, Karai Karai Diiwal funbina toh waila e Hirna jabi lysine Wikipedian. [[User:Fulani215|Fulani215]] ([[User talk:Fulani215|yeewtu]]) 13:48, 20 Seeɗto 2025 (UTC) :Hey @[[User:Fulani215|Fulani215]], eɗen mbiya wonde Damugal renndo ko ɗo mbaaw-ɗon waɗde kala sifa bayyinango ngo mbaw-ɗon jogade ɗoo. I would therefore, moved your announcement to the community village pump. Thanks for the understanding. [[User:De-Invincible|De-Invincible]] ([[User talk:De-Invincible|yeewtu]]) 11:58, 29 Duujal 2025 (UTC) ::Walla silko koh sadda Mr chairman Miyetti fuu [[User:Fulani215|Fulani215]] ([[User talk:Fulani215|yeewtu]]) 17:25, 29 Duujal 2025 (UTC) == Emitakou Ardo yewre == Bandirabe am e yewre Fulfulde Wikipedia admin koh don seree andi sawje articles lere to Wikidata lere makko am. [[User:Fulani215|Fulani215]] ([[User talk:Fulani215|yeewtu]]) 07:55, 13 Korse 2025 (UTC) :I support the renewal request of Fulani215 as sysop of ffwiki. [[User:De-Invincible|De-Invincible]] ([[User talk:De-Invincible|yeewtu]]) 06:30, 20 Korse 2025 (UTC) == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Sister Projects Task Force reviews Wikispore and Wikinews</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="message"/> Dear Wikimedia Community, The [[m:Wikimedia Foundation Community Affairs Committee|Community Affairs Committee (CAC)]] of the Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees assigned [[m:Wikimedia Foundation Community Affairs Committee/Sister Projects Task Force|the Sister Projects Task Force (SPTF)]] to update and implement a procedure for assessing the lifecycle of Sister Projects – wiki [[m:Wikimedia projects|projects supported by Wikimedia Foundation (WMF)]]. A vision of relevant, accessible, and impactful free knowledge has always guided the Wikimedia Movement. As the ecosystem of Wikimedia projects continues to evolve, it is crucial that we periodically review existing projects to ensure they still align with our goals and community capacity. Despite their noble intent, some projects may no longer effectively serve their original purpose. '''Reviewing such projects is not about giving up – it's about responsible stewardship of shared resources'''. Volunteer time, staff support, infrastructure, and community attention are finite, and the non-technical costs tend to grow significantly as our ecosystem has entered a different age of the internet than the one we were founded in. Supporting inactive projects or projects that didn't meet our ambitions can unintentionally divert these resources from areas with more potential impact. Moreover, maintaining projects that no longer reflect the quality and reliability of the Wikimedia name stands for, involves a reputational risk. An abandoned or less reliable project affects trust in the Wikimedia movement. Lastly, '''failing to sunset or reimagine projects that are no longer working can make it much harder to start new ones'''. When the community feels bound to every past decision – no matter how outdated – we risk stagnation. A healthy ecosystem must allow for evolution, adaptation, and, when necessary, letting go. If we create the expectation that every project must exist indefinitely, we limit our ability to experiment and innovate. Because of this, SPTF reviewed two requests concerning the lifecycle of the Sister Projects to work through and demonstrate the review process. We chose Wikispore as a case study for a possible new Sister Project opening and Wikinews as a case study for a review of an existing project. Preliminary findings were discussed with the CAC, and a community consultation on both proposals was recommended. === Wikispore === The [[m:Wikispore|application to consider Wikispore]] was submitted in 2019. SPTF decided to review this request in more depth because rather than being concentrated on a specific topic, as most of the proposals for the new Sister Projects are, Wikispore has the potential to nurture multiple start-up Sister Projects. After careful consideration, the SPTF has decided '''not to recommend''' Wikispore as a Wikimedia Sister Project. Considering the current activity level, the current arrangement allows '''better flexibility''' and experimentation while WMF provides core infrastructural support. We acknowledge the initiative's potential and seek community input on what would constitute a sufficient level of activity and engagement to reconsider its status in the future. As part of the process, we shared the decision with the Wikispore community and invited one of its leaders, Pharos, to an SPTF meeting. Currently, we especially invite feedback on measurable criteria indicating the project's readiness, such as contributor numbers, content volume, and sustained community support. This would clarify the criteria sufficient for opening a new Sister Project, including possible future Wikispore re-application. However, the numbers will always be a guide because any number can be gamed. === Wikinews === We chose to review Wikinews among existing Sister Projects because it is the one for which we have observed the highest level of concern in multiple ways. Since the SPTF was convened in 2023, its members have asked for the community's opinions during conferences and community calls about Sister Projects that did not fulfil their promise in the Wikimedia movement.[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:WCNA_2024._Sister_Projects_-_opening%3F_closing%3F_merging%3F_splitting%3F.pdf <nowiki>[1]</nowiki>][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation_Community_Affairs_Committee/Sister_Projects_Task_Force#Wikimania_2023_session_%22Sister_Projects:_past,_present_and_the_glorious_future%22 <nowiki>[2]</nowiki>][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/WikiConvention_francophone/2024/Programme/Quelle_proc%C3%A9dure_pour_ouvrir_ou_fermer_un_projet_%3F <nowiki>[3]</nowiki>] Wikinews was the leading candidate for an evaluation because people from multiple language communities proposed it. Additionally, by most measures, it is the least active Sister Project, with the greatest drop in activity over the years. While the Language Committee routinely opens and closes language versions of the Sister Projects in small languages, there has never been a valid proposal to close Wikipedia in major languages or any project in English. This is not true for Wikinews, where there was a proposal to close English Wikinews, which gained some traction but did not result in any action[https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Proposals_for_closing_projects/Closure_of_English_Wikinews <nowiki>[4]</nowiki>][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/WikiConvention_francophone/2024/Programme/Quelle_proc%C3%A9dure_pour_ouvrir_ou_fermer_un_projet_%3F <nowiki>[5]</nowiki>, see section 5] as well as a draft proposal to close all languages of Wikinews[https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Talk:Proposals_for_closing_projects/Archive_2#Close_Wikinews_completely,_all_languages? <nowiki>[6]</nowiki>]. [[:c:File:Sister Projects Taskforce Wikinews review 2024.pdf|Initial metrics]] compiled by WMF staff also support the community's concerns about Wikinews. Based on this report, SPTF recommends a community reevaluation of Wikinews. We conclude that its current structure and activity levels are the lowest among the existing sister projects. SPTF also recommends pausing the opening of new language editions while the consultation runs. SPTF brings this analysis to a discussion and welcomes discussions of alternative outcomes, including potential restructuring efforts or integration with other Wikimedia initiatives. '''Options''' mentioned so far (which might be applied to just low-activity languages or all languages) include but are not limited to: *Restructure how Wikinews works and is linked to other current events efforts on the projects, *Merge the content of Wikinews into the relevant language Wikipedias, possibly in a new namespace, *Merge content into compatibly licensed external projects, *Archive Wikinews projects. Your insights and perspectives are invaluable in shaping the future of these projects. We encourage all interested community members to share their thoughts on the relevant discussion pages or through other designated feedback channels. === Feedback and next steps === We'd be grateful if you want to take part in a conversation on the future of these projects and the review process. We are setting up two different project pages: [[m:Public consultation about Wikispore|Public consultation about Wikispore]] and [[m:Public consultation about Wikinews|Public consultation about Wikinews]]. Please participate between 27 June 2025 and 27 July 2025, after which we will summarize the discussion to move forward. You can write in your own language. I will also host a community conversation 16th July Wednesday 11.00 UTC and 17th July Thursday 17.00 UTC (call links to follow shortly) and will be around at Wikimania for more discussions. <section end="message"/> </div> -- [[User:Victoria|Victoria]] on behalf of the Sister Project Task Force, 20:56, 27 Korse 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Johan_(WMF)/Sister_project_MassMassage_on_behalf_of_Victoria/Target_list&oldid=28911188 --> == Wikidata Item and Property labels soon displayed in Wiki Watchlist/Recent Changes == ''(Apologies for posting in English, you can help by translating into your language)'' Hello everyone, the [[m:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Clearer_Wikidata_Edit_Summaries/Resolve_Labels|Wikidata For Wikimedia Projects]] team is excited to announce an upcoming change in how Wikidata edit changelogs are displayed in your [[Special:Watchlist|Watchlists]] and [[Special:RecentChanges|Recent Changes]] lists. If an edit is made on Wikidata that affects a page in another Wikimedia Project, the changelog will contain some information about the nature of the edit. This can include a QID (or Q-number), a PID (or P-number) and a value (which can be text, numbers, dates, or also QID or PID’s). Confused by these terms? See the [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Glossary|Wikidata:Glossary]] for further explanations. The upcoming change is scheduled for '''17.07.2025''', between '''1300 - 1500 UTC'''. The change will display the label (item name) alongside any QID or PIDs, as seen in the image below: [[File:Apr10 edit summary on Wikidata.png|An edit sum entry on Wikidata, labels display alongside their P- and Q-no.'s]] These changes will only be visible if you have Wikidata edits enabled in your User Preferences for Watchlists and Recent Changes, or have the active filter ‘Wikidata edits’ checkbox toggled on, directly on the Watchlist and Recent Changes pages. Your bot and gadget may be affected! There are thousands of bots, gadgets and user-scripts and whilst we have researched potential effects to many of them, we cannot guarantee there won’t be some that are broken or affected by this change. Further information and context about this change, including how your bot may be affected can be found on this [[m:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Clearer_Wikidata_Edit_Summaries/Resolve_Labels|project task page]]. We welcome your questions and feedback, please write to us on this dedicated [[m:Talk:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Clearer_Wikidata_Edit_Summaries/Resolve_Labels|Talk page]]. Thank you, - [[m:User:Danny_Benjafield_(WMDE)|Danny Benjafield (WMDE)]] on behalf of the Wikidata For Wikimedia Projects Team. [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|yeewtu]]) 12:45, 14 Morso 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Danny Benjafield (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Danny_Benjafield_(WMDE)/MassMessage_Test_List&oldid=28981877 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Temporary accounts will be rolled out soon</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="body"/> Hello, we are the Wikimedia Foundation [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity|Product Safety and Integrity]] team. We would like to announce that '''we plan to enable [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|temporary accounts]] for this wiki in the week of September 1'''. Temporary accounts are successfully live on 30 wikis, including many large ones like German, Japanese, and French. The change they bring is especially relevant to logged-out editors, who this feature is designed to protect. But it is also relevant to community members like mentors, patrollers, and admins – anyone who reverts edits, blocks users, or otherwise interacts with logged-out editors as part of keeping the wikis safe and accurate. '''Why we are building temporary accounts''' Our wikis should be safer to edit by default for logged-out editors. Temporary accounts allow people to continue editing the wikis without creating an account, while avoiding publicly tying their edits to their IP address. We believe this is in the best interest of our logged-out editors, who make valuable contributions to the wikis and who may later create accounts and grow our community of editors, admins, and other roles. Even though the wikis do warn logged-out editors that their IP address will be associated with their edit, many people may not understand what an IP address is, or that it could be used to connect them to other information about them in ways they might not expect. Additionally, our moderation software and tools rely too heavily on network origin (IP addresses) to identify users and patterns of activity, especially as IP addresses themselves are becoming less stable as identifiers. Temporary accounts allow for more precise interactions with logged-out editors, including more precise blocks, and can help limit how often we unintentionally end up blocking good-faith users who use the same IP addresses as bad-faith users. '''How temporary accounts work''' [[File:Temporary account banner and empty talk page.png|thumb]] Any time a logged-out user publishes an edit on this wiki, a cookie will be set in this user's browser, and a temporary account tied with this cookie will be automatically created. This account's name will follow the pattern: <code dir=ltr>~2025-12345-67</code> (a tilde, current year, a number). On pages like Recent Changes or page history, this name will be displayed. The cookie will expire 90 days after its creation. As long as it exists, all edits made from this device will be attributed to this temporary account. It will be the same account even if the IP address changes, unless the user clears their cookies or uses a different device or web browser. A record of the IP address used at the time of each edit will be stored for 90 days after the edit. However, only some logged-in users will be able to see it. '''What does this mean for different groups of users?''' '''For logged-out editors''' * This increases privacy: currently, if you do not use a registered account to edit, then everybody can see the IP address for the edits you made, even after 90 days. That will no longer be possible on this wiki. * If you use a temporary account to edit from different locations in the last 90 days (for example at home and at a coffee shop), the edit history and the IP addresses for all those locations will now be recorded together, for the same temporary account. Users who [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Access_to_temporary_account_IP_addresses|meet the relevant requirements]] will be able to view this data. If this creates any personal security concerns for you, please contact talktohumanrights at wikimedia.org for advice. '''For community members interacting with logged-out editors''' * A temporary account is uniquely linked to a device. In comparison, an IP address can be shared with different devices and people (for example, different people at school or at work might have the same IP address). * Compared to the current situation, it will be safer to assume that a temporary user's talk page belongs to only one person, and messages left there will be read by them. As you can see in the screenshot, temporary account users will receive notifications. It will also be possible to thank them for their edits, ping them in discussions, and invite them to get more involved in the community. '''For users who use IP address data to moderate and maintain the wiki''' * '''For patrollers''' who track persistent abusers, investigate violations of policies, etc.: Users who [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Access_to_temporary_account_IP_addresses|meet the requirements]] will be able to reveal temporary users' IP addresses and all contributions made by temporary accounts from a specific IP address or range ([[Special:IPContributions]]). They will also have access to useful information about the IP addresses thanks to the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/IP Info|IP Info]] feature. Many other pieces of software have been built or adjusted to work with temporary accounts, including AbuseFilter, global blocks, Global User Contributions, and more. (For information for volunteer developers on how to update the code of your tools – see the last part of the message.) * '''For admins blocking logged-out editors''': ** It will be possible to block many abusers by just blocking their temporary accounts. A blocked person won't be able to create new temporary accounts quickly if the admin selects the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Autoblock|autoblock]] option. ** It will still be possible to block an IP address or IP range. * Temporary accounts will not be retroactively applied to contributions made before the deployment. On Special:Contributions, you will be able to see existing IP user contributions, but not new contributions made by temporary accounts on that IP address. Instead, you should use Special:IPContributions for this. '''Our requests for you, and next steps''' * If you know of any tools, bots, gadgets etc. using data about IP addresses or being available for logged-out users, you may want to test if they work on [[testwiki:Main_Page|testwiki]] or [[test2wiki:Main_Page|test2wiki]]. If you are a volunteer developer, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/For developers|read our documentation for developers]], and in particular, the section on [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/For developers#How should I update my code?|how your code might need to be updated]]. * If you want to test the temporary account experience, for example just to check what it feels like, go to testwiki or test2wiki and edit without logging in. * Tell us if you know of any difficulties that need to be addressed. We will try to help, and if we are not able, we will consider the available options. * Look at our [[m:Meta:Babel#Temporary_Accounts:_access_to_IP_addresses_and_next_steps|previous message]] about requirements for users without extended rights who may need access to IP addresses. To learn more about the project, check out [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/FAQ|our FAQ]] – you will find many useful answers there. You may also [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/Updates|look at the updates]] (we have just posted one) and [[mw:Newsletter:Product Safety and Integrity|subscribe to our new newsletter]]. If you'd like to talk to me (Szymon) off-wiki, you will find me on Discord and Telegram. Thank you!<section end="body" /> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[m:user:NKohli (WMF)|NKohli (WMF)]], [[m:user:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|SGrabarczuk (WMF)]]</bdi> 21:35, 26 Juko 2025 (UTC) (This message was sent to [[:Wikipedia:Accueil]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Quiddity_(WMF)/sandbox6&oldid=29181713 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Server switch - Your wiki will be read-only for a short time soon</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="server-switch"/><div class="plainlinks"> [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|Read this message in another language]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Tech%2FServer+switch&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}] The [[foundation:|Wikimedia Foundation]] will switch the traffic between its data centers. This will make sure that Wikipedia and the other Wikimedia wikis can stay online even after a disaster. All traffic will switch on '''{{#time:j xg|2025-09-24|en}}'''. The switch will start at '''[https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/{{#time:U|2025-09-24T15:00|en}} {{#time:H:i e|2025-09-24T15:00}}]'''. Unfortunately, because of some limitations in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:What is MediaWiki?|MediaWiki]], all editing must stop while the switch is made. We apologize for this disruption, and we are working to minimize it in the future. A banner will be displayed on all wikis 30 minutes before this operation happens. This banner will remain visible until the end of the operation. You can contribute to the [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special%3ATranslate&group=Centralnotice-tgroup-read_only_banner&task=view&language=&filter=&action=translate translation or proofreading] of this banner text. '''You will be able to read, but not edit, all wikis for a short period of time.''' *You will not be able to edit for up to an hour on {{#time:l j xg Y|2025-09-24|en}}. *If you try to edit or save during these times, you will see an error message. We hope that no edits will be lost during these minutes, but we can't guarantee it. If you see the error message, then please wait until everything is back to normal. Then you should be able to save your edit. But, we recommend that you make a copy of your changes first, just in case. ''Other effects'': *Background jobs will be slower and some may be dropped. Red links might not be updated as quickly as normal. If you create an article that is already linked somewhere else, the link will stay red longer than usual. Some long-running scripts will have to be stopped. * We expect the code deployments to happen as any other week. However, some case-by-case code freezes could punctually happen if the operation require them afterwards. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/GitLab|GitLab]] will be unavailable for about 90 minutes. This project may be postponed if necessary. You can [[wikitech:Switch_Datacenter|read the schedule at wikitech.wikimedia.org]]. Any changes will be announced in the schedule. '''Please share this information with your community.'''</div><section end="server-switch"/> </div> <span dir=ltr>[[m:User:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Trizek (WMF)|{{int:talk}}]])</span> 15:40, 18 Siilto 2025 (UTC) (This message was sent to [[:Wikipedia:Accueil]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Non-Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&oldid=29170715 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Migration to Parsoid</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> <em>[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation/Product and Technology/Parsoid Read Views/Read View Announcement|Read this in another language]]</em> Hello everyone! I am glad to inform you that as the next step in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser Unification|Parser Unification]] project, Parsoid will soon be turned on as the default article renderer on your wiki. We are gradually increasing the number of wikis using Parsoid, with the intention of making it the default wikitext parser for MediaWiki's next long-term support release. This will make our wikis more reliable and consistent for editors, readers, and tools to use, as well as making the development of future wikitext features easier. If this disrupts your workflow, don’t worry! You can still opt out through a user preference or turn Parsoid off on the current page using the Tools submenu, as described in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:ParserMigration|Extension:ParserMigration]] documentation. There is [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser_Unification/Confidence_Framework|more information about our roll-out strategy]] available, including the testing done before we turn on Parsoid for a new wiki. To report bugs and issues, please look at our [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser Unification/Known Issues|known issues]] documentation and if you found a new bug please create a phab ticket and tag the [[phab:project/view/5846|Content Transform Team in Phabricator]]. <section end="announcement-content" /> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[mw:User:ABreault (WMF)|Content Transform Team]]</bdi> 23:03, 18 Siilto 2025 (UTC) (This message was sent to [[:Wikipedia:Accueil]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:ABreault (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikimedia_Foundation/Product_and_Technology/Parsoid_Read_Views/2025-09-22_Wikipedias&oldid=29294855 --> == Requesting community approval for Kaimbot == Hello, I created [[User:Kaimbot|Kaimbot]] to automatically help improve article tagging and maintenance. Kaimbot is written in Python and hosted on [[:meta:Toolforge|Toolforge]]. This bot will automatically add the following templates to the appropriate pages: * [[Template:Stub|Stub]] * [[Template:Unreferenced|Unreferenced]] * [[Template:Uncategorized|Uncategorized]] * [[Template:Update|Update]] * [[Template:Reflist|Reflist]] The bot won't edit any page with the last edit less than 2 days ago. Some tests have been made on [https://test.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:Contributions/Kaimbot test wiki]. I am requesting approval from the community to conduct a test run on ffwiki and request for a bot flag on Meta. Cheers -- [[User:Kaim Amin|Kaim Amin]] ([[User talk:Kaim Amin|yeewtu]]) 17:24, 22 Siilto 2025 (UTC) :Pinging [[User:De-Invincible|De-Invincible]], [[User:Fulani215|Fulani215]] for attention. [[User:Kaim Amin|Kaim Amin]] ([[User talk:Kaim Amin|yeewtu]]) 09:30, 26 Siilto 2025 (UTC) ::Hello Kaim Amin, ::Thank you for sharing the details about Kaimbot and the work you have put into building it. It’s encouraging to see tools being developed to support article maintenance and improve the overall quality of content on fffwiki. ::Your explanation of the bot’s functions (adding templates like Stub, Unreferenced, Uncategorized, Update, and Reflist) and the precaution of avoiding edits to recently updated pages shows that you’ve given thoughtful consideration to its impact. The fact that you have already tested it on the test wiki is also very reassuring. ::On behalf of Fulfulde Community we support the idea of running a test on fffwiki, and I look forward to seeing the results. Wishing you success as you proceed with the request for a bot flag on Meta. ::Best regards, ::Fulani215 [[User:Fulani215|Fulani215]] ([[User talk:Fulani215|yeewtu]]) 14:21, 26 Siilto 2025 (UTC) ::Hello @[[User:Kaim Amin|Kaim Amin]], we are happy that your bot has reached the final stage of completion. Indeed this will be a great help to the community just as the way @[[User:TanvirSdqBot|TanvirSdqBot]] is helping with Stub articles categorization and welcome messages. I will be in touch with the next project idea after a discussion wiith the community members. Thanks for your work. <small style="border:1px solid #444;padding:1px;background:#183693"> [[User:De-Invincible|<strong style="color:#FFF">DE-INVINCIBLE</strong>]] [[User talk:De-Invincible|<span style="color:white;">&nbsp;talk&nbsp;</span>]] </small> 05:30, 27 Siilto 2025 (UTC) == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Have your say: vote for the 2025 Board of Trustees</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> Hello all, The voting period for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025|2025 Board of Trustees election]] is now open. Candidates are running for two (2) seats on the Board. To check your voter eligibility, please visit the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Voter eligibility guidelines|voter eligibility page]]. Learn more about them by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Candidates|reading their application statements and watch their candidacy videos]]. When you are ready, go to the [[m:Special:SecurePoll/vote/405|SecurePoll voting page to vote]]. '''The vote is open from October 8 at 00:00 UTC to October 22 at 23:59 UTC.''' Best regards, Abhishek Suryawanshi<br />Chair, Elections Committee<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|yeewtu]]) 04:48, 9 Yarkomaa 2025 (UTC) (This message was sent to [[:Wikipedia:Accueil]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=29360896 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Help us decide the name of the new Abstract Wikipedia project</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="function1"/> {{int:Hello}}. Please help pick a name for the new Abstract Wikipedia wiki project. This project will be a wiki that will enable users to combine functions from [[:f:|Wikifunctions]] and data from Wikidata in order to generate natural language sentences in any supported languages. These sentences can then be used by any Wikipedia (or elsewhere). There will be two rounds of voting, each followed by legal review of candidates, with votes beginning on 20 October and 17 November 2025. Our goal is to have a final project name selected on mid-December 2025. If you would like to participate, then '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Abstract Wikipedia naming contest|please learn more and vote now]]''' at meta-wiki. {{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}} <section end="function1"/> </div> -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 11:42, 20 Yarkomaa 2025 (UTC) (This message was sent to [[:Wikipedia:Accueil]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:Sannita (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=29432175 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Seeking volunteers to join several of the movement’s committees</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> Each year, typically from October through December, several of the movement’s committees seek new volunteers. Read more about the committees on their Meta-wiki pages: * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations Committee|Affiliations Committee (AffCom)]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Ombuds commission|Ombuds commission (OC)]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation/Legal/Community Resilience and Sustainability/Trust and Safety/Case Review Committee|Case Review Committee (CRC)]] Applications for the committees open on October 30, 2025. Applications for the Affiliations Committee, Ombuds commission and the Case Review Committee close on December 11, 2025. Learn how to apply by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation/Legal/Committee appointments|visiting the appointment page on Meta-wiki]]. Post to the talk page or email cst[[File:At sign.svg|16x16px|link=|(_AT_)]]wikimedia.org with any questions you may have. For the Committee Support team, <section end="announcement-content" /> </div> -[[m:User:MKaur (WMF)| MKaur (WMF)]] 14:12, 30 Yarkomaa 2025 (UTC) (This message was sent to [[:Wikipedia:Accueil]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:MKaur (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=29517125 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Reminder: Help us decide the name of the new Abstract Wikipedia project</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="function2"/> {{int:Hello}}. Reminder: Please help to choose name for the new Abstract Wikipedia wiki project. The finalist vote starts today. The finalists for the name are: <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Abstract Wikipedia, Multilingual Wikipedia, Wikiabstracts, Wikigenerator, Proto-Wiki</span>. If you would like to participate, then '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Abstract Wikipedia naming contest|please learn more and vote now]]''' at meta-wiki. {{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}} <section end="function2"/> </div> -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 14:22, 20 Jolal 2025 (UTC) (This message was sent to [[:Wikipedia:Accueil]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:Sannita (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=29583860 --> == Thank You for Last Year – Join Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026 == Dear Wikimedia communities, We hope you are doing well, and we wish you a happy New Year. ''Last year, we captured light. This year, we’ll capture legacy.'' In 2025, communities around the world shared the glow of Ramadan nights and the warmth of collective iftars. In 2026, ''Wiki Loves Ramadan'' is expanding, bringing more stories, more cultures, and deeper global connections across Wikimedia projects. We invite you to explore the ''Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026'' [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026|Meta page]] to learn how you can participate and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026/Participating communities|sign up]] your community. 📷 ''Photo campaign on '' [[c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026|Wikimedia Commons]] If you have questions about the project, please refer to the FAQs: * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wiki Loves Ramadan/FAQ/|Meta-Wiki]] * [[c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Wiki Loves Ramadan/FAQ|Wikimedia Commons]] ''Early registration for updates is now open via the '''[[m:Special:RegisterForEvent/2710|Event page]]''''' ''Stay connected and receive updates:'' * [https://t.me/WikiLovesRamadan Telegram channel] * [https://lists.wikimedia.org/postorius/lists/wikilovesramadan.lists.wikimedia.org/ Mailing list] We look forward to collaborating with you and your community. '''The Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026 Organizing Team''' 19:44, 16 Siilo 2026 (UTC) (This message was sent to [[:Wikipedia:Accueil]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Non-Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&oldid=29879549 --> == Feminism and Folklore 2026 starts soon == <div style="border:8px maroon ridge;padding:6px;"> [[File:Feminism and Folklore 2026 logo.svg|centre|550px|frameless]] ::<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <div style="text-align: center; width: 100%;">''{{int:please-translate}}''</div> ;Invitation to Organize Feminism and Folklore 2026 Dear Wiki Community, We are pleased to invite Wikimedia communities, affiliates, and independent contributors to organize the '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026|Feminism and Folklore 2026]]''' writing competition on your local Wikipedia. The international campaign will run from '''1 February to 31 March 2026''' and aims to improve coverage of feminism, women’s histories, gender-related topics, and folk culture across Wikipedia projects. ;About the Campaign '''Feminism and Folklore''' is a global writing initiative that complements the '''[[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2026|Wiki Loves Folklore]]''' photography competition. While Wiki Loves Folklore focuses on visual documentation, this writing campaign addresses the '''gender gap on Wikipedia''' by improving encyclopedic content related to folk culture and marginalized voices. ;What Can Participants Write About? Communities can contribute by creating, expanding, or translating articles related to: * Folk festivals, rituals, and celebrations * Folk dances, music, and traditional performances * Women and queer figures in folklore * Women in mythology and oral traditions * Women warriors, witches, and witch-hunting narratives * Fairy tales, folk stories, and legends * Folk games, sports, and cultural practices Participants may work from curated article lists or generate new article suggestions using campaign tools. ;How to Sign Up as an Organizer Organizers are requested to complete the following steps to register their community: # Create a local project page on your wiki [[:m:Feminism and Folklore/Sample|(see sample)]] # Set up the campaign using the '''CampWiz''' tool # Prepare a local article list and clearly mention: #* Campaign timeline #* Local and international prizes # Request a site notice from local administrators [[:mr:Template:SN-FNF|(see sample)]] # Add your local project page and CampWiz link to the '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026/Project Page|Meta project page]]''' ;Campaign Tools The Wiki Loves Folklore Tech Team has introduced tools to support organizers and participants: * '''Article List Generator by Topic''' – Helps identify articles available on English Wikipedia but missing in your local language Wikipedia. The tool allows customized filters and provides downloadable article lists in CSV and wikitable formats. * '''CampWiz''' – Enables communities to manage writing campaigns effectively, including jury-based evaluation. This will be the third year CampWiz is officially used for Feminism and Folklore. Both tools are now available for use in the campaign. '''[https://tools.wikilovesfolklore.org/ Click here to access the tools]''' ;Learn More & Get Support For detailed information about rules, timelines, and prizes, please visit the '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026|Feminism and Folklore 2026 project page]]'''. If you have any questions or need assistance, feel free to reach out via: * '''[[:m:Talk:Feminism and Folklore 2026/Project Page|Meta talk page]]''' * Email us using details on the contact page. ;Join Us We look forward to your collaboration and coordination in making Feminism and Folklore 2026 a meaningful and impactful campaign for closing gender gaps and enriching folk culture content on Wikipedia. Thank you and best wishes, '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026|Feminism and Folklore 2026 International Team]]''' ---- ''Stay connected:'' [[File:B&W Facebook icon.png|link=https://www.facebook.com/feminismandfolklore/|30x30px]]&nbsp; [[File:B&W Twitter icon.png|link=https://twitter.com/wikifolklore|30x30px]] </div></div> == Invitation to Host Wiki Loves Folklore 2026 in Your Country == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <div style="text-align: center; width: 100%;">''{{int:please-translate}}''</div> [[File:Wiki Loves Folklore Logo.svg|right|150px|frameless]] Hello everyone, We are delighted to invite Wikimedia affiliates, user groups, and community organizations worldwide to participate in '''Wiki Loves Folklore 2026''', an international initiative dedicated to documenting and celebrating folk culture across the globe. ;About Wiki Loves Folklore '''Wiki Loves Folklore''' is an annual international photography competition hosted on Wikimedia Commons. The campaign runs from '''1 February to 31 March 2026''' and encourages photographers, cultural enthusiasts, and community members to contribute photographs that highlight: * Folk traditions and rituals * Cultural festivals and celebrations * Traditional attire and crafts * Performing arts, music, and dance * Everyday practices rooted in folk heritage Through this campaign, we aim to preserve and promote diverse folk cultures and make them freely accessible to the world. [[:c:Commons:Wiki_Loves_Folklore_2026|Project page on Wikimedia Commons]] ; Host a Local Edition As we celebrate the '''eight edition''' of Wiki Loves Folklore, we warmly invite communities to organize a local edition in their country or region. Hosting a local campaign is a great opportunity to: * Increase visibility of your region’s folk culture * Engage new contributors in your community * Enrich Wikimedia Commons with high-quality cultural content '''[[:c:Commons:Wiki_Loves_Folklore_2026/Organize|Sign up to organize]]:''' If your team prefers to organize the competition in ''either February or March only'', please feel free to let us know. If you are unable to organize, we encourage you to share this opportunity with other interested groups or organizations in your region. ;Get in Touch If you have any questions, need support, or would like to explore collaboration opportunities, please feel free to contact us via: * The project Talk pages * Email: '''support@wikilovesfolklore.org''' We are also happy to connect via an online meeting if your team would like to discuss planning or coordination in more detail. Warm regards, '''The Wiki Loves Folklore International Team''' </div> [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|yeewtu]]) 13:21, 18 Siilo 2026 (UTC) (This message was sent to [[:Wikipedia:Accueil]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:Tiven2240@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery/Wikipedia&oldid=29228188 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Annual review of the Universal Code of Conduct and Enforcement Guidelines</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> I am writing to you to let you know the annual review period for the Universal Code of Conduct and Enforcement Guidelines is open now. You can make suggestions for changes through 9 February 2026. This is the first step of several to be taken for the annual review. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Annual review/2026|Read more information and find a conversation to join on the UCoC page on Meta]]. The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee]] (U4C) is a global group dedicated to providing an equitable and consistent implementation of the UCoC. This annual review was planned and implemented by the U4C. For more information and the responsibilities of the U4C, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter|you may review the U4C Charter]]. Please share this information with other members in your community wherever else might be appropriate. -- In cooperation with the U4C, [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]])<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> 21:01, 19 Siilo 2026 (UTC) (This message was sent to [[:Wikipedia:Accueil]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=29905753 --> == Join the sixth Ukraine’s Cultural Diplomacy Month on Wikipedia! == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Ukraine’s Cultural Diplomacy Month on Wikipedia 2026.png|right|250px|thumb|link=https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Ukraine%27s_Cultural_Diplomacy_Month_2026|Join our campaign!]] {{int:please-translate}} Dear Wikipedians! [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Ukraine|Wikimedia Ukraine]], in cooperation with the [[:en:Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine|MFA of Ukraine]] and [[:en:Ukrainian Institute|Ukrainian Institute]], has launched the sixth edition of writing challenge "'''[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2026|Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month]]'''", which lasts from '''1st April''' until '''30th April 2026'''. The initiative aims to promote knowledge about Ukrainian culture abroad by creating and improving Wikipedia articles in multiple languages. This year marks the sixth edition of the campaign, which will focus on contemporary culture, making today’s artistic voices and practices more visible to international audiences. 🧩'''How to participate?''' Choose an article from the suggested list → Write an article in your language, or improve an existing one according to the rules → Add your contribution to the contest page and calculate your points → Win prizes and receive a certificate of participation → Become a promoter of truthful knowledge about Ukraine. 🧩'''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2026|Check our main page for more information]]'''. '''If you are interested in coordinating long-term community engagement for the campaign and becoming a local ambassador, we would love to hear from you! Please let us know your interest.''' If not, then we encourage you to translate the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2026|landing page of the contest]] and [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MessageGroupStats?group=Centralnotice-tgroup-UCDM2026banner&messages=&language=en&x=D banner] into your own language. Also, we set up a [[:m:CentralNotice/Request/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2026|banner]] to notify users of the possibility to participate in this challenge! [[:m:User:OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)|OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)]] ([[:m:User talk:OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)|talk]]) 04:35, 1 April 2026 (UTC) </div> (This message was sent to [[:Wikipedia:Accueil]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:OlesiaLukaniuk_(WMUA)/list_of_wikis&oldid=28552112 --> == Action Required: Update templates/modules for electoral maps (Migrating from P1846 to P14226) == Hello everyone, This is a notice regarding an ongoing data migration on Wikidata that may affect your election-related templates and Lua modules (such as <code>Module:Itemgroup/list</code>). '''The Change:'''<br /> Currently, many templates pull electoral maps from Wikidata using the property [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]], combined with the qualifier [[:d:Property:P180|P180]]: [[:d:Q19571328|Q19571328]]. We are migrating this data (across roughly 4,000 items) to a newly created, dedicated property: '''[[:d:Property:P14226|P14226]]'''. '''What You Need To Do:'''<br /> To ensure your templates and infoboxes do not break or lose their maps, please update your local code to fetch data from [[:d:Property:P14226|P14226]] instead of the old [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]] + [[:d:Property:P180|P180]] structure. A [[m:Wikidata/Property Migration: P1846 to P14226/List|list of pages]] was generated using Wikimedia Global Search. '''Deadline:'''<br /> We are temporarily retaining the old data on [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]] to allow for a smooth transition. However, to complete the data cleanup on Wikidata, the old [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]] statements will be removed after '''May 1, 2026'''. Please update your modules and templates before this date to prevent any disruption to your wiki's election articles. Let us know if you have any questions or need assistance with the query logic. Thank you for your help! [[User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] using [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|yeewtu]]) 17:11, 3 Seeɗto 2026 (UTC) (This message was sent to [[:Wikipedia:Accueil]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Non-Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&oldid=29941252 --> == Request for comment (global AI policy) == <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Apologies for writing in English. {{int:Please-translate}} A [[:m:Requests for comment/Artificial intelligence policy|request for comment]] is currently being held to decide on a global AI policy. {{int:Feedback-thanks-title}} [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|yeewtu]]) 00:57, 26 Seeɗto 2026 (UTC) </bdi> (This message was sent to [[:Wikipedia:Accueil]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:Codename Noreste@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=30424282 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Vote now in the 2026 U4C election</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> Eligible voters are asked to participate in the 2026 [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee]] election. More information–including an eligibility check, voting process information, candidate information, and a link to the vote–are available on Meta at the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election/2026|2026 Election information page]]. The vote closes on 2 June 2026 at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1780358400 00:00 UTC]. Please vote if your account is eligible. Results will be available by 14 June 2026. -- In cooperation with the U4C,<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 17:14, 27 Duujal 2026 (UTC) (This message was sent to [[:Wikipedia:Accueil]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=30513860 --> == Call to participate: Proposed baseline Neutral Point of View (NPOV) standard == Hello-hello! I am inviting you to participate in the public discussion regarding a proposed baseline Neutral Point of View (NPOV) standard. The proposed baseline is meant for the Wikipedias which do not yet have an NPOV policy, for these communities to adopt, use, and build upon. [[m:Proposed_baseline_NPOV_standard#Proposed_baseline_NPOV_standard|You can find the proposed text here]]. As your Wikipedia does not seem to have an NPOV policy, we hope that this public discussion and proposed baseline standard will support your project community in adopting one. [[m:Talk:Proposed_baseline_NPOV_standard|You can join the public discussion on meta]]<nowiki>. The timeframe for the discussion is from June 17 - July 15, 2026. Looking forward to engagement from your community and hopefully seeing your community to adopt the Neutral Point of View policy! --~~~~</nowiki> [[User:KVaidla (WMF)|KVaidla (WMF)]] ([[User talk:KVaidla (WMF)|yeewtu]]) 07:48, 19 Korse 2026 (UTC) == Invitation to participate in Abstract Wikipedia pilot == Hi everyone, I’m Luca, and I’m part of the team working on Abstract Wikipedia. [[:m:Abstract Wikipedia|Abstract Wikipedia]] is a [https://abstract.wikipedia.org/ recently launched Wikimedia project] that aims to create community-written, language-independent articles that can be output into many languages using Wikifunctions. This approach allows Wikipedia communities to leverage these articles to expand content and close the existing knowledge gaps between different language versions of Wikipedia. We would love to explore working with you as a pilot community for Abstract Wikipedia, especially given your current work with Wikidata lexemes and Wikifunctions functions. These two aspects are the cornerstone of Abstract Wikipedia, as it combines them to create language-independent articles. With this in mind, we would like to hear your thoughts on a few questions: # Are you interested in participating in an Abstract Wikipedia pilot? This would mean that abstract content from Abstract Wikipedia could be integrated into your Wikipedia, in place of currently non-existing. Your community will be in full control of which articles to integrate. # Would you be open to working with our partners in Wikimedia Deutschland to improve coverage of Wikidata lexemes in your language? This would involve creating missing lexemes, fixing issues on existing lexemes, adding forms and senses, improving overall quality, and linking them to Wikidata Items. # Would you be interested in working with the Wikifunctions community to improve coverage of language functions in your language? Or would you be interested in collaborating with a partner to do so? # Does an affiliate or group in your community currently have funding (General Support Fund, Rapid Fund etc.) to organize any workshops or events for you to engage your community? We want to stress again that your community will remain fully in control of its content, as existing local articles would never be replaced, and contributors could improve shared content from Abstract Wikipedia. Thank you in advance for sharing your thoughts! We’re here to listen and learn. You can address us in your own language, if you want. -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|yeewtu]]) 13:57, 22 Korse 2026 (UTC) gwrfdzlb1pnokwbchmezndk23qiywvf 0 4314 175712 98888 2026-06-22T19:00:53Z Ilya Discuss 10103 #1Lib1Ref 175712 wikitext text/x-wiki Mawɗo Olusegun Matthew Okikiola Ogunboye Aremu Obasanjo GCFR (// C; Yoruba: Olúṣẹ́gun Ọbásanjọ́ [ōlúʃɛ́ɡũ̄ ɔ̄básã̄d͡ʒɔ́] R; jibinaa ko c. ndema, e gonnooɗo seneraal konu gonnooɗo hooreejo leydi Naajeeriya gila 1976 haa 1979, caggal ɗuum o woni hooreejo leydi ndii gila 1999 haa 2007. To bannge miijo, ko o ngenndiyanke Naajeeriya, o jeyaa ko e lannda Demokaraasi Leƴƴi (PDP) gila 1998 haa 2019. Obasanjo jibinaa ko e wuro Ibogun-Olaogun, e nder galle remoowo, jeyaaɗo e leñol Owu, Obasanjo janngi ko ɓuri heewde e wuro wiyeteengo Abeokuta, to diiwaan Ogun. O naati konu leydi Naajeeriya, o janngi ko faati e inndeeji, o golliima to Konngo, Angalteer, e Inndo, o arti e darnde Major. E darorɗe kitaale 1960, o waɗii darnde mawnde e haɓaade seernaaɓe Biafra e nder wolde hakkunde leyɗeele Nijeer, o jaɓi dogde e hitaande 1970. E hitaande 1975, kuudetaa konu sosi junta e Obasanjo e nder laamu mum tati. Caggal nde hooreejo triumvirate, hono Murtala Muhammed, waraa e hitaande rewtunde ndee, Diiso toowngo konu toɗɗii Obasanjo hooreejo leydi ndii. Jokkude politik Murtala, Obasanjo ƴeewtindiima taƴgol bidsee e yaajnude jaŋde ekkolaaji ɗi ngalaa njoɓdi. Ɓesdugo hawtuki lesdi Naajeeriya bee lesdi Amerika, o teddini kadi ballal pelle luutndiiɗe laamu ɓaleeɓe pamari nder Afrika woylaare. Obasanjo ɗon mari haaje wartirgo demokaraasi, o ardi woote 1979, ɓaawo man o hokki laamu lesdi Naajeeriya haa hooreejo lesdi siwil keso, Shehu Shagari. Ndeen Obasanjo artii e golle mum to Ota, Ogun, ɗo o wonti demoowo, o yaltini defte nay, o tawtoraama eɓɓooji winndereeji ngam joofnude hareeji Afrik ceertuɗi. E hitaande 1993, Sani Abacha heɓti laamu e kuudetaa konu. Obasanjo ina ñiŋa laamu Abacha e peeñcu, e hitaande 1995 o nanngaa, o ñaawaa wonde o jeyaa ko e kuudetaa peewnaaɗo, hay so tawii o seppii wonde o alaa ella. Nde o woni e kasoo ndee, o wonti Kerecee’en jibinaaɗo, tawi ko providentialism ina tiiɗtini no feewi e yi’annde makko aduna caggal ɗuum. O woppitaama caggal maayde Abacha e hitaande 1998. Obasanjo naati e politik wooteeji, o wonti kanndidaa PDP e wooteeji hooreleydaagu 1999, ɗi o dañi. Ko o hooreejo leydi, o woppi politik militeer en, kamɓe ɗiɗo fof ɓe njaajni polis, ɓe moofti konu ngam haɓaade fitinaaji leƴƴi, diineeji, e seernaaɓe jaajɗi. O itti sooje'en lesdi Naajeeriya diga lesdi Siyeraa Leone, o hokki hukuumaaji pamari feere-feere ngam ustugo ceede lesdi ndi'i. O artiraa e woote 2003. E nder miijooji Pan-Afrik, o woniino daraniiɗo no feewi sosde Dental Afrik, o woniino hooreejo mayre tuggi 2004 haa 2006. Eɓɓooje Obasanjo ngam waylude doosɗe leydi ngam ittude keeri manndaa hooreejo leydi, ɗe njahraani no haanirta nii, ɗe ngaddani ɗum ñiŋooje. Caggal nde o woppi golle, o heɓi doktoraa makko e ganndal diine to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde National Open to leydi Najeriya. 2r3x04v95kkwhv8rwve481daxj9wg46 175713 175712 2026-06-22T19:18:59Z Ilya Discuss 10103 #1Lib1Ref 175713 wikitext text/x-wiki Mawɗo Olusegun Matthew Okikiola Ogunboye Aremu Obasanjo GCFR (// C; Yoruba: Olúṣẹ́gun Ọbásanjọ́ [ōlúʃɛ́ɡũ̄ ɔ̄básã̄d͡ʒɔ́] R; jibinaa ko c. ndema, e gonnooɗo seneraal konu gonnooɗo hooreejo leydi Naajeeriya gila 1976 haa 1979, caggal ɗuum o woni hooreejo leydi ndii gila 1999 haa 2007. To bannge miijo, ko o ngenndiyanke Naajeeriya, o jeyaa ko e lannda Demokaraasi Leƴƴi (PDP) gila 1998 haa 2019. Obasanjo jibinaa ko e wuro Ibogun-Olaogun, e nder galle remoowo, jeyaaɗo e leñol Owu, Obasanjo janngi ko ɓuri heewde e wuro wiyeteengo Abeokuta, to diiwaan Ogun. O naati konu leydi Naajeeriya, o janngi ko faati e inndeeji, o golliima to Konngo, Angalteer, e Inndo, o arti e darnde Major. E darorɗe kitaale 1960, o waɗii darnde mawnde e haɓaade seernaaɓe Biafra e nder wolde hakkunde leyɗeele Nijeer, o jaɓi dogde e hitaande 1970. E hitaande 1975, kuudetaa konu sosi junta e Obasanjo e nder laamu mum tati. Caggal nde hooreejo triumvirate, hono Murtala Muhammed, waraa e hitaande rewtunde ndee, Diiso toowngo konu toɗɗii Obasanjo hooreejo leydi ndii. Jokkude politik Murtala, Obasanjo ƴeewtindiima taƴgol bidsee e yaajnude jaŋde ekkolaaji ɗi ngalaa njoɓdi. Ɓesdugo hawtuki lesdi Naajeeriya bee lesdi Amerika, o teddini kadi ballal pelle luutndiiɗe laamu ɓaleeɓe pamari nder Afrika woylaare. Obasanjo ɗon mari haaje wartirgo demokaraasi, o ardi woote 1979, ɓaawo man o hokki laamu lesdi Naajeeriya haa hooreejo lesdi siwil keso, Shehu Shagari. Ndeen Obasanjo artii e golle mum to Ota, Ogun, ɗo o wonti demoowo, o yaltini defte nay, o tawtoraama eɓɓooji winndereeji ngam joofnude hareeji Afrik ceertuɗi. E hitaande 1993, Sani Abacha heɓti laamu e kuudetaa konu. Obasanjo ina ñiŋa laamu Abacha e peeñcu, e hitaande 1995 o nanngaa, o ñaawaa wonde o jeyaa ko e kuudetaa peewnaaɗo, hay so tawii o seppii wonde o alaa ella. Nde o woni e kasoo ndee, o wonti Kerecee’en jibinaaɗo, tawi ko providentialism ina tiiɗtini no feewi e yi’annde makko aduna caggal ɗuum. O woppitaama caggal maayde Abacha e hitaande 1998. Obasanjo naati e politik wooteeji, o wonti kanndidaa PDP e wooteeji hooreleydaagu 1999, ɗi o dañi. Ko o hooreejo leydi, o woppi politik militeer en, kamɓe ɗiɗo fof ɓe njaajni polis, ɓe moofti konu ngam haɓaade fitinaaji leƴƴi, diineeji, e seernaaɓe jaajɗi. O itti sooje'en lesdi Naajeeriya diga lesdi Siyeraa Leone, o hokki hukuumaaji pamari feere-feere ngam ustugo ceede lesdi ndi'i. O artiraa e woote 2003. E nder miijooji Pan-Afrik, o woniino daraniiɗo no feewi sosde Dental Afrik, o woniino hooreejo mayre tuggi 2004 haa 2006. Eɓɓooje Obasanjo ngam waylude doosɗe leydi ngam ittude keeri manndaa hooreejo leydi, ɗe njahraani no haanirta nii, ɗe ngaddani ɗum ñiŋooje. Caggal nde o woppi golle, o heɓi doktoraa makko e ganndal diine to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde National Open to leydi Najeriya. Nguurndam gadano Baaba Olusegun Obasanjo, Obasanjo Bankole, jeyaa ko e ardiiɓe hoɗɓe e sosɓe wuro Igbogun Olaogun e fuɗɗoode kitaale 1920. Hay so tawii ko o demoowo keewɗo jawdi, o jom jawdi en, omo hiisee wonde miskiino sabu o jeyaaka e yimɓe jannguɓe e nder leydi Yoruba. Bankole hawri e Bernice Ashabi, njulaagu tokooso to Igbogun, kamɓe ɗiɗo fof ɓe resndi. Ɓeeɗoo ɗiɗo ina njogii ɓiɓɓe ɗiɗo heddiiɓe e nder jeegom : Olusegun e Adunni Oluwola, miñiiko debbo gooto. E wiyde paaspoor makko, Olusegun Obasanjo jibinaa ko ñalnde 5 marse 1937 hay so tawii noon alaa ko winndaa e mum hannde, ñalngu nguu ko limto ɓadiiɗo. Olusegun ko jeyaaɗo e Laamu Owu. O mawni ko e Baptiste. Debbo makko caggal mum naati lislaam ngam resde gorko juulɗo.[9] E duuɓi sappo e go'o, o naati duɗal leslesal wuro ngo,[10] caggal duuɓi tati, e hitaande 1951, o naati duɗal Baptist Day to nokku Owu to Abeokuta.[11] E hitaande 1952 o arti e duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde sukaaɓe Baptist,[12] kadi e nder wuro ngo. Feccere e njoɓdi duɗal makko ko dokke laamu.[13] Obasanjo waɗii ko moƴƴi e jaŋde,[14] e nder duɗal o wonti Boy Scout keewɗo faayiida.[15] Hay so tawii alaa ko holliti wonde e oon sahaa o tawtoraama kala pelle politik,[15] ko e nder duɗal hakkundeewal Obasanjo salii innde makko adannde "Matthew" ngam wonde golle luulndiiɗe koloñaal.[16] E nder ɗuum, baaba Obasanjo woppi debbo mum e sukaaɓe mum ɗiɗo.[17] Nde o yani e baasal, yumma Obasanjo ina foti golloraade njulaagu ngam wuurde.[15] Ngam yoɓugo ceede janngirde maako, Obasanjo ɗon huuwa haa gese kakawo e kola, ɗon ligga, ɗon mooɓa leɗɗe, ɗon sooda ceene mahooɓe. E nder balɗe udditgol duɗal ngal kadi o golliima e duɗal ngal, omo taƴa huɗo e golle juuɗe goɗɗe.[18] E hitaande 1956, Obasanjo waɗi jaŋde mum hakkundeere, caggal nde o ñamli kaalis ngam yoɓde njoɓdi naatgol.[19] E oon hitaande kadi, o fuɗɗii jokkondirde e Oluremi Akinlawon, ɓiy Owu mawɗo station. Ɓe ndarniino dewgal haa hitaande 1958.[20] O yalti duɗal, o fayi Ibadan, o ƴetti golle jannginde. Ko ɗoon o jooɗii e ekzamen naatgol to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Ibadan, kono hay so o jaɓii o tawi o waawaa yoɓde njoɓdi jaŋde.[19] Ndeen Obasanjo fellitii jokkude golle mum e nder konu leydi Najeriya, ngam heɓde ngal gollal, e hitaande 1958 o jaabiima eɓɓoore ngam janngude ofiseeji cadet e nder konu leydi Najeriya.[21][22] Fuɗɗoode golle konu (1958-1966) Heblo konu: 1958-1959 E lewru marse 1958, Obasanjo naati e konu leydi Najeriya.[23] O yi’i ɗum ko fartaŋŋe jokkude jaŋde makko tawa omo heɓa njoɓdi;[24] o humpitaaki ɗoon e ɗoon ɓesngu makko, o hulii wonde jibnaaɓe makko ina njaɓa ɗum.[25] Ko e oon sahaa konu leydi Najeriya ina jokki e juuɗe laamu koloñaal leydi Najeriya, ngam heblude ndimaagu leydi Najeriya timmungu, kadi ina waɗi eɓɓooje ngam heɓde yimɓe leydi Najeriya ɓurɓe heewde e nder darnde konu mum.[25] Ndeen o neldaama to duɗal jaŋde ofiseeji jooɗɗi to Teshie to leydi Gana.[23] Nde o woni caggal leydi, o neldi ɓataakeeji e dokke to jom suudu makko to leydi Najeriya.[20] E lewru suwee 1958, o suɓaa ngam ɓeydaade heblo lebbi jeegom to duɗal Mons Officer Cadet to Aldershot, to fuɗnaange Angalteer. Obasanjo yiɗaa ɗum toon, o sikkatnoo ko ɗum juɓɓule njiyaagu e njiyaagu, o tawi ina saɗi ko jokkondiri e dumunna Engele ɓurɗo toowde e ɓuuɓde.[26] Nde semmbini miijooji makko bonɗi e laamu Biritaan e hakke mum laamaade e dow laamuuji mum koloñaal en.[24] To Mons, o heɓi komisoŋ e seedantaagal to bannge innde. Nde Obasanjo woni to leydi Angalteer, yumma mum maayi. Baaba makko ndeen maayi ko hitaande caggal ɗuum.[27] E hitaande 1959, Obasanjo arti Nijeer. Ko ɗoon o artiraa to Kaduna, o woni subaltern infanterie e bataliyoŋ joyaɓo.[27] Wakkati maako haa Kaduna woni wakkati arandejum nde Obasanjo jooɗi haa nokkure nde juulɓe ɗuuɗi.[27] Ko nde o woni toon, e lewru Oktoobar 1960, leydi Nijeer wonti leydi ndimaagu.[28][22] Kiiriis Konngo: 1960-1961 Ƴeew kadi: Kiriis Konngo Caggal ɗuum seeɗa, bataliyoŋ joyaɓo neldaa to Konngo ngam jeyeede e konu Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe ngam haɓaade jam. Ko ɗoon bataliyoŋ oo woni e nder diiwaan Kivu, tawi ko ɗoon woni Bukavu.[28] To leydi Konngo, Obasanjo e woɗɓe ina njoginoo darnde reende siwil en, haa arti noon e leñol Belsik, e soldateeɓe murtuɓe e laamu Patrice Lumumba.[28] E lewru feebariyee 1961, Obasanjo nanngaa e juuɗe murtuɓe nde o ummotoo e misiyoŋaaji katolik en e nder dingiral sara Bukavu. Mutinooɓe ɓee miijinoo ko warde mo kono ɓe njamiraama yo ɓe njaltu. E lewru mee 1961, bataliyoŋ joyaɓo ummii Konngo, arti Najeriya.[28] E nder wolde nde, o toɗɗaama kapiteen wakkati.[24] O teskiima caggal ɗuum wonde sahaa mo o woni e Konngo oo ina semmbina "fervour pan-africain" bataliyoŋ makko.[28] tvty549fe6qmr8xozys3fxn2u6vqjym 175721 175713 2026-06-22T19:23:22Z Ilya Discuss 10103 #1Lib1Ref 175721 wikitext text/x-wiki Mawɗo Olusegun Matthew Okikiola Ogunboye Aremu Obasanjo GCFR (// C; Yoruba: Olúṣẹ́gun Ọbásanjọ́ [ōlúʃɛ́ɡũ̄ ɔ̄básã̄d͡ʒɔ́] R; jibinaa ko c. ndema, e gonnooɗo seneraal konu gonnooɗo hooreejo leydi Naajeeriya gila 1976 haa 1979, caggal ɗuum o woni hooreejo leydi ndii gila 1999 haa 2007. To bannge miijo, ko o ngenndiyanke Naajeeriya, o jeyaa ko e lannda Demokaraasi Leƴƴi (PDP) gila 1998 haa 2019. Obasanjo jibinaa ko e wuro Ibogun-Olaogun, e nder galle remoowo, jeyaaɗo e leñol Owu, Obasanjo janngi ko ɓuri heewde e wuro wiyeteengo Abeokuta, to diiwaan Ogun. O naati konu leydi Naajeeriya, o janngi ko faati e inndeeji, o golliima to Konngo, Angalteer, e Inndo, o arti e darnde Major. E darorɗe kitaale 1960, o waɗii darnde mawnde e haɓaade seernaaɓe Biafra e nder wolde hakkunde leyɗeele Nijeer, o jaɓi dogde e hitaande 1970. E hitaande 1975, kuudetaa konu sosi junta e Obasanjo e nder laamu mum tati. Caggal nde hooreejo triumvirate, hono Murtala Muhammed, waraa e hitaande rewtunde ndee, Diiso toowngo konu toɗɗii Obasanjo hooreejo leydi ndii. Jokkude politik Murtala, Obasanjo ƴeewtindiima taƴgol bidsee e yaajnude jaŋde ekkolaaji ɗi ngalaa njoɓdi. Ɓesdugo hawtuki lesdi Naajeeriya bee lesdi Amerika, o teddini kadi ballal pelle luutndiiɗe laamu ɓaleeɓe pamari nder Afrika woylaare. Obasanjo ɗon mari haaje wartirgo demokaraasi, o ardi woote 1979, ɓaawo man o hokki laamu lesdi Naajeeriya haa hooreejo lesdi siwil keso, Shehu Shagari. Ndeen Obasanjo artii e golle mum to Ota, Ogun, ɗo o wonti demoowo, o yaltini defte nay, o tawtoraama eɓɓooji winndereeji ngam joofnude hareeji Afrik ceertuɗi. E hitaande 1993, Sani Abacha heɓti laamu e kuudetaa konu. Obasanjo ina ñiŋa laamu Abacha e peeñcu, e hitaande 1995 o nanngaa, o ñaawaa wonde o jeyaa ko e kuudetaa peewnaaɗo, hay so tawii o seppii wonde o alaa ella. Nde o woni e kasoo ndee, o wonti Kerecee’en jibinaaɗo, tawi ko providentialism ina tiiɗtini no feewi e yi’annde makko aduna caggal ɗuum. O woppitaama caggal maayde Abacha e hitaande 1998. Obasanjo naati e politik wooteeji, o wonti kanndidaa PDP e wooteeji hooreleydaagu 1999, ɗi o dañi. Ko o hooreejo leydi, o woppi politik militeer en, kamɓe ɗiɗo fof ɓe njaajni polis, ɓe moofti konu ngam haɓaade fitinaaji leƴƴi, diineeji, e seernaaɓe jaajɗi. O itti sooje'en lesdi Naajeeriya diga lesdi Siyeraa Leone, o hokki hukuumaaji pamari feere-feere ngam ustugo ceede lesdi ndi'i. O artiraa e woote 2003. E nder miijooji Pan-Afrik, o woniino daraniiɗo no feewi sosde Dental Afrik, o woniino hooreejo mayre tuggi 2004 haa 2006. Eɓɓooje Obasanjo ngam waylude doosɗe leydi ngam ittude keeri manndaa hooreejo leydi, ɗe njahraani no haanirta nii, ɗe ngaddani ɗum ñiŋooje. Caggal nde o woppi golle, o heɓi doktoraa makko e ganndal diine to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde National Open to leydi Najeriya. Nguurndam gadano Baaba Olusegun Obasanjo, Obasanjo Bankole, jeyaa ko e ardiiɓe hoɗɓe e sosɓe wuro Igbogun Olaogun e fuɗɗoode kitaale 1920. Hay so tawii ko o demoowo keewɗo jawdi, o jom jawdi en, omo hiisee wonde miskiino sabu o jeyaaka e yimɓe jannguɓe e nder leydi Yoruba. Bankole hawri e Bernice Ashabi, njulaagu tokooso to Igbogun, kamɓe ɗiɗo fof ɓe resndi. Ɓeeɗoo ɗiɗo ina njogii ɓiɓɓe ɗiɗo heddiiɓe e nder jeegom : Olusegun e Adunni Oluwola, miñiiko debbo gooto. E wiyde paaspoor makko, Olusegun Obasanjo jibinaa ko ñalnde 5 marse 1937 hay so tawii noon alaa ko winndaa e mum hannde, ñalngu nguu ko limto ɓadiiɗo. Olusegun ko jeyaaɗo e Laamu Owu. O mawni ko e Baptiste. Debbo makko caggal mum naati lislaam ngam resde gorko juulɗo.[9] E duuɓi sappo e go'o, o naati duɗal leslesal wuro ngo,[10] caggal duuɓi tati, e hitaande 1951, o naati duɗal Baptist Day to nokku Owu to Abeokuta.[11] E hitaande 1952 o arti e duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde sukaaɓe Baptist,[12] kadi e nder wuro ngo. Feccere e njoɓdi duɗal makko ko dokke laamu.[13] Obasanjo waɗii ko moƴƴi e jaŋde,[14] e nder duɗal o wonti Boy Scout keewɗo faayiida.[15] Hay so tawii alaa ko holliti wonde e oon sahaa o tawtoraama kala pelle politik,[15] ko e nder duɗal hakkundeewal Obasanjo salii innde makko adannde "Matthew" ngam wonde golle luulndiiɗe koloñaal.[16] E nder ɗuum, baaba Obasanjo woppi debbo mum e sukaaɓe mum ɗiɗo.[17] Nde o yani e baasal, yumma Obasanjo ina foti golloraade njulaagu ngam wuurde.[15] Ngam yoɓugo ceede janngirde maako, Obasanjo ɗon huuwa haa gese kakawo e kola, ɗon ligga, ɗon mooɓa leɗɗe, ɗon sooda ceene mahooɓe. E nder balɗe udditgol duɗal ngal kadi o golliima e duɗal ngal, omo taƴa huɗo e golle juuɗe goɗɗe.[18] E hitaande 1956, Obasanjo waɗi jaŋde mum hakkundeere, caggal nde o ñamli kaalis ngam yoɓde njoɓdi naatgol.[19] E oon hitaande kadi, o fuɗɗii jokkondirde e Oluremi Akinlawon, ɓiy Owu mawɗo station. Ɓe ndarniino dewgal haa hitaande 1958.[20] O yalti duɗal, o fayi Ibadan, o ƴetti golle jannginde. Ko ɗoon o jooɗii e ekzamen naatgol to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Ibadan, kono hay so o jaɓii o tawi o waawaa yoɓde njoɓdi jaŋde.[19] Ndeen Obasanjo fellitii jokkude golle mum e nder konu leydi Najeriya, ngam heɓde ngal gollal, e hitaande 1958 o jaabiima eɓɓoore ngam janngude ofiseeji cadet e nder konu leydi Najeriya.[21][22] Fuɗɗoode golle konu (1958-1966) Heblo konu: 1958-1959 E lewru marse 1958, Obasanjo naati e konu leydi Najeriya.[23] O yi’i ɗum ko fartaŋŋe jokkude jaŋde makko tawa omo heɓa njoɓdi;[24] o humpitaaki ɗoon e ɗoon ɓesngu makko, o hulii wonde jibnaaɓe makko ina njaɓa ɗum.[25] Ko e oon sahaa konu leydi Najeriya ina jokki e juuɗe laamu koloñaal leydi Najeriya, ngam heblude ndimaagu leydi Najeriya timmungu, kadi ina waɗi eɓɓooje ngam heɓde yimɓe leydi Najeriya ɓurɓe heewde e nder darnde konu mum.[25] Ndeen o neldaama to duɗal jaŋde ofiseeji jooɗɗi to Teshie to leydi Gana.[23] Nde o woni caggal leydi, o neldi ɓataakeeji e dokke to jom suudu makko to leydi Najeriya.[20] E lewru suwee 1958, o suɓaa ngam ɓeydaade heblo lebbi jeegom to duɗal Mons Officer Cadet to Aldershot, to fuɗnaange Angalteer. Obasanjo yiɗaa ɗum toon, o sikkatnoo ko ɗum juɓɓule njiyaagu e njiyaagu, o tawi ina saɗi ko jokkondiri e dumunna Engele ɓurɗo toowde e ɓuuɓde.[26] Nde semmbini miijooji makko bonɗi e laamu Biritaan e hakke mum laamaade e dow laamuuji mum koloñaal en.[24] To Mons, o heɓi komisoŋ e seedantaagal to bannge innde. Nde Obasanjo woni to leydi Angalteer, yumma mum maayi. Baaba makko ndeen maayi ko hitaande caggal ɗuum.[27] E hitaande 1959, Obasanjo arti Nijeer. Ko ɗoon o artiraa to Kaduna, o woni subaltern infanterie e bataliyoŋ joyaɓo.[27] Wakkati maako haa Kaduna woni wakkati arandejum nde Obasanjo jooɗi haa nokkure nde juulɓe ɗuuɗi.[27] Ko nde o woni toon, e lewru Oktoobar 1960, leydi Nijeer wonti leydi ndimaagu.[28][22] Kiiriis Konngo: 1960-1961 Ƴeew kadi: Kiriis Konngo Caggal ɗuum seeɗa, bataliyoŋ joyaɓo neldaa to Konngo ngam jeyeede e konu Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe ngam haɓaade jam. Ko ɗoon bataliyoŋ oo woni e nder diiwaan Kivu, tawi ko ɗoon woni Bukavu.[28] To leydi Konngo, Obasanjo e woɗɓe ina njoginoo darnde reende siwil en, haa arti noon e leñol Belsik, e soldateeɓe murtuɓe e laamu Patrice Lumumba.[28] E lewru feebariyee 1961, Obasanjo nanngaa e juuɗe murtuɓe nde o ummotoo e misiyoŋaaji katolik en e nder dingiral sara Bukavu. Mutinooɓe ɓee miijinoo ko warde mo kono ɓe njamiraama yo ɓe njaltu. E lewru mee 1961, bataliyoŋ joyaɓo ummii Konngo, arti Najeriya.[28] E nder wolde nde, o toɗɗaama kapiteen wakkati.[24] O teskiima caggal ɗuum wonde sahaa mo o woni e Konngo oo ina semmbina "fervour pan-africain" bataliyoŋ makko.[28] Gartugol e leydi Konngo: 1961-1966 Nde o arti, Obasanjo soodi oto makko gadano, o naati e opitaal ko juuti sabu rafi reedu. Nde o selli, o artiraa e Korse Innjiniyaaruuji konu. E hitaande 1962 o jooɗii to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Royal College to Angalteer. Ko ɗoon o ɓuri waawde, o siforaa ko "almuudo Commonwealth ɓurɗo waawde". Oon hitaande, o yoɓi Akinlawon ngam yahde Londres ɗo o waawi naatde e kursus heblo. Ɓeeɗoo ɗiɗo resndi ɗum ko e lewru suwee 1963 to biro binnditagol Camberwell Green, ɓe nganndini ɓesnguuji maɓɓe tan caggal nde ɓe mbaɗi hiirde ndee.E ndeen hitaande, Obasanjo yamiraama yo o hoot to leydi Nijeer, hay so tawii debbo makko ina heddii to Londres duuɓi tati goɗɗi ngam timminde jaŋde makko. Nde o naati Naajeeriya, Obasanjo hoosi ardungal konu Innjiniyaaruuji ladde, jooɗiiɗum haa Kaduna. E nder konu, Obasanjo ina jokki e yahrude yeeso e nder darɗe, o wonti mawɗo e hitaande 1965. O huutoriima ngalu makko ngam soodde leydi, e fuɗɗoode kitaale 1960 o heɓi jawdi to Ibadan, Kaduna, e Lagos. E hitaande 1965, Obasanjo neldaa leydi Inndo. E nder laawol, o yilliima debbo makko to Londres. To leydi Indiya, o janngi to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde toppitiingal ko fayti e cellal to Wellington, caggal ɗuum to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Innjiniyaaruuji to Poona. Obasanjo hulɓinii e heege nde o seedtii e nder leydi Indiya hay so tawii o ƴettii nafoore e pinal leydi ndii, huunde nde addani mo janngude defte diineeji nannditooji. Hare nder leydi Naajeeriya Winndannde mawnde: Hare nder leydi Najeriya Golle makko ko adii wolde hakkunde leyɗeele: 1966-1967 Obasanjo ummi Naajeeriya nder lewru January hitaande 1966 ngam heɓugo lesdi ndi'i nder kuudetaa konu ngu Major Emmanuel Ifeajuna ardii. Obasanjo ina jeyaa e jeertinɓe wonde ngonka kaa ina waawi jippaade e wolde nder leydi.O hollitii wonde maa o won hakkunde ƴaañooɓe kuudetaa e laamu siwil, ngu rokki laamu nguu e juuɗe hooreejo konu Johnson Aguiyi-Ironsi. Nde kuudetaa oo ronki, Olusegun hawri e Ironsi to Lagos. Ironsi ɓooyaani ko timmini fedde nde e nder leydi Najeriya rewrude e yamiroore mum kawral e lewru mee 1966, huunde nde ɓuuɓni jiiɓru leƴƴi. E darorɗe lewru sulyee, kuudetaa ɗiɗmo waɗi. To wuro Ibadan, sooja'en iwdi woyla lesdi Naajeeriya ɗon ƴama, ɓe mbari Ironsi, ɓe mbari fodde teemeɗɗe ɗiɗi sooje'en ko ɓuri ɗuuɗugo ɓe iwdi lesdi Naajeeriya. Seneraal Yaakubu Gowon heɓti laamu. Nde ooɗoo kuudetaa waɗata nde Obasanjo wonnoo ko to Maiduguri. Nande ɗum, o yaawi hootde Kaduna. Ko ɗoon o tawi konu worgo ummoriiɗo e bataliyoŋ tataɓo ina ronka, ina torloo, ina wara soldateeɓe Igbo en. Gomnaajo lesdi Naajeeriya, Hassan Katsina, annditi dow koo ngam Olusegun naa Igbo, bana no o woni mo woylaare lesdi Naajeeriya, o ɗon nder ɓilla haa sooja'en murtuɓe. Ngam reenaade ɓe, Katsina neldi Olusegun e debbo mum ngarta Maiduguri balɗe sappo, tawi fitinaaji ɗii ina ustoo. Caggal ɗuum, Obasanjo neldi debbo mum to Lagos, tawi omo hoota Kaduna kanko e hoore makko, o woni ɗoon haa lewru Yarkomaa 1967. E oon sahaa ko kanko woni ofisee Yoruba ɓurɗo mawnude tawaaɗo to bannge worgo. E lewru Yarkomaa 1967, Obasanjo toɗɗaama to Lagos ngam wonde mawɗo Injineer konu.Hare hakkunde leƴƴi Igbo e leƴƴi worgo ina jokki e ɓeydaade, e lewru mee, ofisee konu Igbo C. Odumegwu Ojukwu hollitii jeytaare nokkuuji ɓurɗi heewde Igbo e nder fuɗnaange-rewo leydi Bi. Ñalnde 3 lewru juko, laamu leydi Najeriya neldi Obasanjo to Ibadan ngam wonde hooreejo leydi Hirnaange.Hare hakkunde konu leydi Najeriya e seernaaɓe Biafran fuɗɗii ko ñalnde 6 lewru juko. Ñalnde 9 sulyee, Ojukwu neldi koloñaal konu Biafra dow pont Niiseer ngam yiɗde heɓtude Mid-West, nokku ɗo ɓe mbaawi ummoraade Lagos. Obasanjo yiɗiino uddude laabi jahduɗi e wuro ngo. Komandaajo Yoruba biyeteeɗo Victor Banjo, ardinooɗo konu njanngu Biafran, etinooma waawnude Obasanjo yoo ɓe njaltu, kono o salii. Kuugal konu lesdi: 1967-1970 "Kolonel Olu Obasanjo, gardinooɗo diɗɗal tataɓal". Jaaynde Naajeeriya keso, hello 7, 12 lewru Yarkomaa 1970. Gagga hare nder leydi Naajeeriya e Biafra. Ndeen Obasanjo toɗɗaama hooreejo caggal diɗɗal ɗiɗaɓal Murtala Muhammed, gollotoongal to Mid-Ouest. Obasanjo woni ko e jooɗaade to Ibadan, ko kañum halfinaa Division ɗiɗaɓo oo jogaade kaɓirɗe. E nder wuro ngo, Obasanjo jannginii course ganndal konu to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Ibadan, o mahi jokkondiral makko e nder elite Yoruba. E nder wolde nde, wonno ko jiiɓru mawndu e nder Dowla Hirnaange, ngam daɗde e ɗeen caɗeele, Obasanjo woppi golle mum e nder Diiso doosɗe Hirnaange.Nde Obasanjo woɗɗi Ibadan e lewru noowammbar 1968, gure jogiiɗe kaɓirɗe ɗe fedde remooɓe Agbekoya moofti, njani e galle laamorɗo Ibadan. Konuuji ɗii njaabtii, mbari sappo e fitinaaji ɗii. Nde Obasanjo arti o yamiri yo ñaawirde ƴeewto kewuuji ɗii. i8dywmfgng0f1s3xzlabv1sxxw9qm4b 175725 175721 2026-06-22T19:28:28Z Ilya Discuss 10103 #1Lib1Ref 175725 wikitext text/x-wiki Mawɗo Olusegun Matthew Okikiola Ogunboye Aremu Obasanjo GCFR (// C; Yoruba: Olúṣẹ́gun Ọbásanjọ́ [ōlúʃɛ́ɡũ̄ ɔ̄básã̄d͡ʒɔ́] R; jibinaa ko c. ndema, e gonnooɗo seneraal konu gonnooɗo hooreejo leydi Naajeeriya gila 1976 haa 1979, caggal ɗuum o woni hooreejo leydi ndii gila 1999 haa 2007. To bannge miijo, ko o ngenndiyanke Naajeeriya, o jeyaa ko e lannda Demokaraasi Leƴƴi (PDP) gila 1998 haa 2019. Obasanjo jibinaa ko e wuro Ibogun-Olaogun, e nder galle remoowo, jeyaaɗo e leñol Owu, Obasanjo janngi ko ɓuri heewde e wuro wiyeteengo Abeokuta, to diiwaan Ogun. O naati konu leydi Naajeeriya, o janngi ko faati e inndeeji, o golliima to Konngo, Angalteer, e Inndo, o arti e darnde Major. E darorɗe kitaale 1960, o waɗii darnde mawnde e haɓaade seernaaɓe Biafra e nder wolde hakkunde leyɗeele Nijeer, o jaɓi dogde e hitaande 1970. E hitaande 1975, kuudetaa konu sosi junta e Obasanjo e nder laamu mum tati. Caggal nde hooreejo triumvirate, hono Murtala Muhammed, waraa e hitaande rewtunde ndee, Diiso toowngo konu toɗɗii Obasanjo hooreejo leydi ndii. Jokkude politik Murtala, Obasanjo ƴeewtindiima taƴgol bidsee e yaajnude jaŋde ekkolaaji ɗi ngalaa njoɓdi. Ɓesdugo hawtuki lesdi Naajeeriya bee lesdi Amerika, o teddini kadi ballal pelle luutndiiɗe laamu ɓaleeɓe pamari nder Afrika woylaare. Obasanjo ɗon mari haaje wartirgo demokaraasi, o ardi woote 1979, ɓaawo man o hokki laamu lesdi Naajeeriya haa hooreejo lesdi siwil keso, Shehu Shagari. Ndeen Obasanjo artii e golle mum to Ota, Ogun, ɗo o wonti demoowo, o yaltini defte nay, o tawtoraama eɓɓooji winndereeji ngam joofnude hareeji Afrik ceertuɗi. E hitaande 1993, Sani Abacha heɓti laamu e kuudetaa konu. Obasanjo ina ñiŋa laamu Abacha e peeñcu, e hitaande 1995 o nanngaa, o ñaawaa wonde o jeyaa ko e kuudetaa peewnaaɗo, hay so tawii o seppii wonde o alaa ella. Nde o woni e kasoo ndee, o wonti Kerecee’en jibinaaɗo, tawi ko providentialism ina tiiɗtini no feewi e yi’annde makko aduna caggal ɗuum. O woppitaama caggal maayde Abacha e hitaande 1998. Obasanjo naati e politik wooteeji, o wonti kanndidaa PDP e wooteeji hooreleydaagu 1999, ɗi o dañi. Ko o hooreejo leydi, o woppi politik militeer en, kamɓe ɗiɗo fof ɓe njaajni polis, ɓe moofti konu ngam haɓaade fitinaaji leƴƴi, diineeji, e seernaaɓe jaajɗi. O itti sooje'en lesdi Naajeeriya diga lesdi Siyeraa Leone, o hokki hukuumaaji pamari feere-feere ngam ustugo ceede lesdi ndi'i. O artiraa e woote 2003. E nder miijooji Pan-Afrik, o woniino daraniiɗo no feewi sosde Dental Afrik, o woniino hooreejo mayre tuggi 2004 haa 2006. Eɓɓooje Obasanjo ngam waylude doosɗe leydi ngam ittude keeri manndaa hooreejo leydi, ɗe njahraani no haanirta nii, ɗe ngaddani ɗum ñiŋooje. Caggal nde o woppi golle, o heɓi doktoraa makko e ganndal diine to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde National Open to leydi Najeriya. Nguurndam gadano Baaba Olusegun Obasanjo, Obasanjo Bankole, jeyaa ko e ardiiɓe hoɗɓe e sosɓe wuro Igbogun Olaogun e fuɗɗoode kitaale 1920. Hay so tawii ko o demoowo keewɗo jawdi, o jom jawdi en, omo hiisee wonde miskiino sabu o jeyaaka e yimɓe jannguɓe e nder leydi Yoruba. Bankole hawri e Bernice Ashabi, njulaagu tokooso to Igbogun, kamɓe ɗiɗo fof ɓe resndi. Ɓeeɗoo ɗiɗo ina njogii ɓiɓɓe ɗiɗo heddiiɓe e nder jeegom : Olusegun e Adunni Oluwola, miñiiko debbo gooto. E wiyde paaspoor makko, Olusegun Obasanjo jibinaa ko ñalnde 5 marse 1937 hay so tawii noon alaa ko winndaa e mum hannde, ñalngu nguu ko limto ɓadiiɗo. Olusegun ko jeyaaɗo e Laamu Owu. O mawni ko e Baptiste. Debbo makko caggal mum naati lislaam ngam resde gorko juulɗo.[9] E duuɓi sappo e go'o, o naati duɗal leslesal wuro ngo,[10] caggal duuɓi tati, e hitaande 1951, o naati duɗal Baptist Day to nokku Owu to Abeokuta.[11] E hitaande 1952 o arti e duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde sukaaɓe Baptist,[12] kadi e nder wuro ngo. Feccere e njoɓdi duɗal makko ko dokke laamu.[13] Obasanjo waɗii ko moƴƴi e jaŋde,[14] e nder duɗal o wonti Boy Scout keewɗo faayiida.[15] Hay so tawii alaa ko holliti wonde e oon sahaa o tawtoraama kala pelle politik,[15] ko e nder duɗal hakkundeewal Obasanjo salii innde makko adannde "Matthew" ngam wonde golle luulndiiɗe koloñaal.[16] E nder ɗuum, baaba Obasanjo woppi debbo mum e sukaaɓe mum ɗiɗo.[17] Nde o yani e baasal, yumma Obasanjo ina foti golloraade njulaagu ngam wuurde.[15] Ngam yoɓugo ceede janngirde maako, Obasanjo ɗon huuwa haa gese kakawo e kola, ɗon ligga, ɗon mooɓa leɗɗe, ɗon sooda ceene mahooɓe. E nder balɗe udditgol duɗal ngal kadi o golliima e duɗal ngal, omo taƴa huɗo e golle juuɗe goɗɗe.[18] E hitaande 1956, Obasanjo waɗi jaŋde mum hakkundeere, caggal nde o ñamli kaalis ngam yoɓde njoɓdi naatgol.[19] E oon hitaande kadi, o fuɗɗii jokkondirde e Oluremi Akinlawon, ɓiy Owu mawɗo station. Ɓe ndarniino dewgal haa hitaande 1958.[20] O yalti duɗal, o fayi Ibadan, o ƴetti golle jannginde. Ko ɗoon o jooɗii e ekzamen naatgol to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Ibadan, kono hay so o jaɓii o tawi o waawaa yoɓde njoɓdi jaŋde.[19] Ndeen Obasanjo fellitii jokkude golle mum e nder konu leydi Najeriya, ngam heɓde ngal gollal, e hitaande 1958 o jaabiima eɓɓoore ngam janngude ofiseeji cadet e nder konu leydi Najeriya.[21][22] Fuɗɗoode golle konu (1958-1966) Heblo konu: 1958-1959 E lewru marse 1958, Obasanjo naati e konu leydi Najeriya.[23] O yi’i ɗum ko fartaŋŋe jokkude jaŋde makko tawa omo heɓa njoɓdi;[24] o humpitaaki ɗoon e ɗoon ɓesngu makko, o hulii wonde jibnaaɓe makko ina njaɓa ɗum.[25] Ko e oon sahaa konu leydi Najeriya ina jokki e juuɗe laamu koloñaal leydi Najeriya, ngam heblude ndimaagu leydi Najeriya timmungu, kadi ina waɗi eɓɓooje ngam heɓde yimɓe leydi Najeriya ɓurɓe heewde e nder darnde konu mum.[25] Ndeen o neldaama to duɗal jaŋde ofiseeji jooɗɗi to Teshie to leydi Gana.[23] Nde o woni caggal leydi, o neldi ɓataakeeji e dokke to jom suudu makko to leydi Najeriya.[20] E lewru suwee 1958, o suɓaa ngam ɓeydaade heblo lebbi jeegom to duɗal Mons Officer Cadet to Aldershot, to fuɗnaange Angalteer. Obasanjo yiɗaa ɗum toon, o sikkatnoo ko ɗum juɓɓule njiyaagu e njiyaagu, o tawi ina saɗi ko jokkondiri e dumunna Engele ɓurɗo toowde e ɓuuɓde.[26] Nde semmbini miijooji makko bonɗi e laamu Biritaan e hakke mum laamaade e dow laamuuji mum koloñaal en.[24] To Mons, o heɓi komisoŋ e seedantaagal to bannge innde. Nde Obasanjo woni to leydi Angalteer, yumma mum maayi. Baaba makko ndeen maayi ko hitaande caggal ɗuum.[27] E hitaande 1959, Obasanjo arti Nijeer. Ko ɗoon o artiraa to Kaduna, o woni subaltern infanterie e bataliyoŋ joyaɓo.[27] Wakkati maako haa Kaduna woni wakkati arandejum nde Obasanjo jooɗi haa nokkure nde juulɓe ɗuuɗi.[27] Ko nde o woni toon, e lewru Oktoobar 1960, leydi Nijeer wonti leydi ndimaagu.[28][22] Kiiriis Konngo: 1960-1961 Ƴeew kadi: Kiriis Konngo Caggal ɗuum seeɗa, bataliyoŋ joyaɓo neldaa to Konngo ngam jeyeede e konu Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe ngam haɓaade jam. Ko ɗoon bataliyoŋ oo woni e nder diiwaan Kivu, tawi ko ɗoon woni Bukavu.[28] To leydi Konngo, Obasanjo e woɗɓe ina njoginoo darnde reende siwil en, haa arti noon e leñol Belsik, e soldateeɓe murtuɓe e laamu Patrice Lumumba.[28] E lewru feebariyee 1961, Obasanjo nanngaa e juuɗe murtuɓe nde o ummotoo e misiyoŋaaji katolik en e nder dingiral sara Bukavu. Mutinooɓe ɓee miijinoo ko warde mo kono ɓe njamiraama yo ɓe njaltu. E lewru mee 1961, bataliyoŋ joyaɓo ummii Konngo, arti Najeriya.[28] E nder wolde nde, o toɗɗaama kapiteen wakkati.[24] O teskiima caggal ɗuum wonde sahaa mo o woni e Konngo oo ina semmbina "fervour pan-africain" bataliyoŋ makko.[28] Gartugol e leydi Konngo: 1961-1966 Nde o arti, Obasanjo soodi oto makko gadano, o naati e opitaal ko juuti sabu rafi reedu. Nde o selli, o artiraa e Korse Innjiniyaaruuji konu. E hitaande 1962 o jooɗii to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Royal College to Angalteer. Ko ɗoon o ɓuri waawde, o siforaa ko "almuudo Commonwealth ɓurɗo waawde". Oon hitaande, o yoɓi Akinlawon ngam yahde Londres ɗo o waawi naatde e kursus heblo. Ɓeeɗoo ɗiɗo resndi ɗum ko e lewru suwee 1963 to biro binnditagol Camberwell Green, ɓe nganndini ɓesnguuji maɓɓe tan caggal nde ɓe mbaɗi hiirde ndee.E ndeen hitaande, Obasanjo yamiraama yo o hoot to leydi Nijeer, hay so tawii debbo makko ina heddii to Londres duuɓi tati goɗɗi ngam timminde jaŋde makko. Nde o naati Naajeeriya, Obasanjo hoosi ardungal konu Innjiniyaaruuji ladde, jooɗiiɗum haa Kaduna. E nder konu, Obasanjo ina jokki e yahrude yeeso e nder darɗe, o wonti mawɗo e hitaande 1965. O huutoriima ngalu makko ngam soodde leydi, e fuɗɗoode kitaale 1960 o heɓi jawdi to Ibadan, Kaduna, e Lagos. E hitaande 1965, Obasanjo neldaa leydi Inndo. E nder laawol, o yilliima debbo makko to Londres. To leydi Indiya, o janngi to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde toppitiingal ko fayti e cellal to Wellington, caggal ɗuum to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Innjiniyaaruuji to Poona. Obasanjo hulɓinii e heege nde o seedtii e nder leydi Indiya hay so tawii o ƴettii nafoore e pinal leydi ndii, huunde nde addani mo janngude defte diineeji nannditooji. Hare nder leydi Naajeeriya Winndannde mawnde: Hare nder leydi Najeriya Golle makko ko adii wolde hakkunde leyɗeele: 1966-1967 Obasanjo ummi Naajeeriya nder lewru January hitaande 1966 ngam heɓugo lesdi ndi'i nder kuudetaa konu ngu Major Emmanuel Ifeajuna ardii. Obasanjo ina jeyaa e jeertinɓe wonde ngonka kaa ina waawi jippaade e wolde nder leydi.O hollitii wonde maa o won hakkunde ƴaañooɓe kuudetaa e laamu siwil, ngu rokki laamu nguu e juuɗe hooreejo konu Johnson Aguiyi-Ironsi. Nde kuudetaa oo ronki, Olusegun hawri e Ironsi to Lagos. Ironsi ɓooyaani ko timmini fedde nde e nder leydi Najeriya rewrude e yamiroore mum kawral e lewru mee 1966, huunde nde ɓuuɓni jiiɓru leƴƴi. E darorɗe lewru sulyee, kuudetaa ɗiɗmo waɗi. To wuro Ibadan, sooja'en iwdi woyla lesdi Naajeeriya ɗon ƴama, ɓe mbari Ironsi, ɓe mbari fodde teemeɗɗe ɗiɗi sooje'en ko ɓuri ɗuuɗugo ɓe iwdi lesdi Naajeeriya. Seneraal Yaakubu Gowon heɓti laamu. Nde ooɗoo kuudetaa waɗata nde Obasanjo wonnoo ko to Maiduguri. Nande ɗum, o yaawi hootde Kaduna. Ko ɗoon o tawi konu worgo ummoriiɗo e bataliyoŋ tataɓo ina ronka, ina torloo, ina wara soldateeɓe Igbo en. Gomnaajo lesdi Naajeeriya, Hassan Katsina, annditi dow koo ngam Olusegun naa Igbo, bana no o woni mo woylaare lesdi Naajeeriya, o ɗon nder ɓilla haa sooja'en murtuɓe. Ngam reenaade ɓe, Katsina neldi Olusegun e debbo mum ngarta Maiduguri balɗe sappo, tawi fitinaaji ɗii ina ustoo. Caggal ɗuum, Obasanjo neldi debbo mum to Lagos, tawi omo hoota Kaduna kanko e hoore makko, o woni ɗoon haa lewru Yarkomaa 1967. E oon sahaa ko kanko woni ofisee Yoruba ɓurɗo mawnude tawaaɗo to bannge worgo. E lewru Yarkomaa 1967, Obasanjo toɗɗaama to Lagos ngam wonde mawɗo Injineer konu.Hare hakkunde leƴƴi Igbo e leƴƴi worgo ina jokki e ɓeydaade, e lewru mee, ofisee konu Igbo C. Odumegwu Ojukwu hollitii jeytaare nokkuuji ɓurɗi heewde Igbo e nder fuɗnaange-rewo leydi Bi. Ñalnde 3 lewru juko, laamu leydi Najeriya neldi Obasanjo to Ibadan ngam wonde hooreejo leydi Hirnaange.Hare hakkunde konu leydi Najeriya e seernaaɓe Biafran fuɗɗii ko ñalnde 6 lewru juko. Ñalnde 9 sulyee, Ojukwu neldi koloñaal konu Biafra dow pont Niiseer ngam yiɗde heɓtude Mid-West, nokku ɗo ɓe mbaawi ummoraade Lagos. Obasanjo yiɗiino uddude laabi jahduɗi e wuro ngo. Komandaajo Yoruba biyeteeɗo Victor Banjo, ardinooɗo konu njanngu Biafran, etinooma waawnude Obasanjo yoo ɓe njaltu, kono o salii. Kuugal konu lesdi: 1967-1970 "Kolonel Olu Obasanjo, gardinooɗo diɗɗal tataɓal". Jaaynde Naajeeriya keso, hello 7, 12 lewru Yarkomaa 1970. Gagga hare nder leydi Naajeeriya e Biafra. Ndeen Obasanjo toɗɗaama hooreejo caggal diɗɗal ɗiɗaɓal Murtala Muhammed, gollotoongal to Mid-Ouest. Obasanjo woni ko e jooɗaade to Ibadan, ko kañum halfinaa Division ɗiɗaɓo oo jogaade kaɓirɗe. E nder wuro ngo, Obasanjo jannginii course ganndal konu to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Ibadan, o mahi jokkondiral makko e nder elite Yoruba. E nder wolde nde, wonno ko jiiɓru mawndu e nder Dowla Hirnaange, ngam daɗde e ɗeen caɗeele, Obasanjo woppi golle mum e nder Diiso doosɗe Hirnaange.Nde Obasanjo woɗɗi Ibadan e lewru noowammbar 1968, gure jogiiɗe kaɓirɗe ɗe fedde remooɓe Agbekoya moofti, njani e galle laamorɗo Ibadan. Konuuji ɗii njaabtii, mbari sappo e fitinaaji ɗii. Nde Obasanjo arti o yamiri yo ñaawirde ƴeewto kewuuji ɗii. Yamiroore konu: 1967-1970 "Kolonel Olu Obasanjo, gardinooɗo diɗɗal tataɓal". Jaaynde Naajeeriya keso, hello 7, 12 lewru Yarkomaa 1970. Gagga hare nder leydi Naajeeriya e Biafra. Ndeen Obasanjo toɗɗaama hooreejo caggal diɗɗal ɗiɗaɓal Murtala Muhammed, gollotoongal to Mid-Ouest. Obasanjo ina jooɗii to Ibadan, ko kañum halfinaa Division ɗiɗaɓo oo jogaade kaɓirɗe. E nder wuro ngo, Obasanjo jannginii course ganndal konu to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Ibadan, o mahi jokkondiral makko e nder elite Yoruba. E nder wolde nde, wonno ko jiiɓru mawndu e nder Dowla Hirnaange, ngam daɗde e ɗeen geɗe, Obasanjo woppi golle e nder Diiso doosɗe Dowla Hirnaange. Nde Obasanjo woɗɗi Ibadan e lewru noowammbar 1968, wuro ngo ina jogii balɗe, ngo fedde remooɓe Agbekoya moofti, yani e galle laamorɗo Ibadan. Konuuji ɗii njaabtii, mbari sappo e fitinaaji ɗii. Nde Obasanjo arti o yamiri yo ñaawirde ƴeewto kewuuji ɗii. Gowon felliti lomtaade Kolonel Benjamin Adekunle, ardinooɗo njanngu Biafra, kono ina haani Yoruba mawɗo goɗɗo. O suɓii ko Obasanjo, hay so tawii noon o alaa humpito hare. Obasanjo arii Port Harcourt ngam heɓtude golle ɗee ñalnde 16 mee 1969 ; o ardii hannde hakkunde 35 000 e 40 000 soldaat. O waɗii jonte jeegom gadane ɗee ko e riiwtude njangu Biafran e Aba. O yilliima kala nokku e yeeso, o gaañiiɗo e waɗde ɗum. Ɗee golle ngaddi mo innde cuusal e nder worɓe makko E lewru desaambar, Obasanjo fuɗɗii golle Finishing Touch, yamiri konu mum yo yahru yeeso feewde Umuahia, ngu ɓe ƴetti ñalnde Natal. Ɗum taƴii Biafra e feccere. Ñalnde 7 lewru Yarkomaa 1970, o ummini ndeen « Operation Tail-Wind », o heɓti laana ndiwoowa Uli ñalnde 12 lewru Yarkomaa. E oon sahaa, ardiiɓe Biafran njaɓi yoɓde. Ñalnde 13 lewru nduu, Obasanjo jokkondiri e komandaajo konu Biafran biyeteeɗo Philip Effiong. Obasanjo wi'i sooja'en Biafran hokka balmi maɓɓe, nden boo suɓol ardiiɓe lesdi ndi'i ɗon yaha Lagos, ɓe hokka Gowon dow laawol. Janngo mum, Obasanjo haali e rajo diiwaan oo, o wiyi ɓiɓɓe leydi ndi yo njokku e galleeji mum en, o dartina kisal mum en. Biafranaaɓe heewɓe e jaayɗe goɗɗe ina kuli wonde konu leydi Najeriya ina waawi waɗde bonanndeeji keewɗi e yimɓe foolɓe ɓee, hay so tawii noon Obasanjo ina yiɗi haɗde ɗum. O yamiri konu makko e nder diiwaan hee yo heddo e nder galleeji mum en, jokkude wonde polis nokku oo ina foti ƴettude kuule ngam ƴellitde sariya e deeƴre. Division tataɓo, ɓurɗo woɗɗude, waɗii hareeji warngooji e yimɓe nokku oo. Obasanjo ina tiiɗi e waɗooɓe bonannde ndee, sibu waɗɓe warngooji ɗii mberlaama, waɗɓe warngooji ɗii mbardaa. Laamu Gowon waɗi Obasanjo kalfinaaɗo naatnude Biafra e nder leydi Najeriya, e nder oon darnde o heɓi teddungal ngam teeŋtinde mawngu. Ko o injenieer, o teeŋtinii artirde jolngo ndiyam ; haa lewru mee 1970 gure mawɗe diiwaan oo fof njokkondirii e jolngo ndiyam. Darnde Obasanjo e timminde wolde nde waɗi mo jaambaaro wolde, kadi ko o neɗɗo ganndiraaɗo e nder leydi Najeriya. Kuugal maako ɓaawo konu lesdi: 1970-1975 E lewru suwee 1970, Obasanjo arti Abeokuta, jamaanu jaɓɓii mo no jaambaaro garoowo nii. Ndeen o neldaama to Lagos, o woni Brigadier gardinooɗo Korse Innjiniyankooɓe. E lewru oktoobar, Gowon hollitii wonde laamu militeer en ina rokka laamu nguu laamu siwil e hitaande 1976. E nder ɗuum, haɗde lanndaaji politik ina heddii e doole ; Gowon yahri yeeso seeɗa e sosde laamu siwil. E les laamu sooja'en, Obasanjo jooɗi nder goomu limngal sooja'en lesdi Naajeeriya, ko laarani limngal sooja'en lesdi Naajeeriya nder duuɓi 1970. E hitaande 1974 Obasanjo yahi to leydi Angalteer ngam janngude to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Royal College to bannge diine. Nde o arti, e lewru Yarkomaa 1975 Gowon toɗɗii mo Komisariyaa Golle e Koɗki, golle ɗe o joginoo fotde lebbi jeeɗiɗi, e nder ɗuum o ɓuri waawde mahde kaɓirɗe konu. E hitaande 1970, Obasanjo soodi sosiyatee Libannaajo ɓooyɗo to Ibadan, o gollini heen awokaa ngam ƴellitde ɗum. E hitaande 1973 o winnditii fedde wiyeteende Temperance Enterprises Limited, nde o waawi waɗde heen golle njulaagu caggal nde o woppi golle konu. O jokki kadi e waɗde heen jawdi ; e hitaande 1974 o joginoo galleeji ɗiɗi to Lagos e gooto fof to Ibadan e Abeokuta. Haalaaji ummii wonde Obasanjo ina jokki e waɗde njulaagu nguu ina ɓeydoo yaajde e nder leydi Najeriya, hay so tawii noon alaa ko holliti ɗum ko laaɓti. Dewgal makko e Oluremi wonti caɗeele nde o salii jokkondiral makko e rewɓe woɗɓe. E cakkital kitaale 1970 dewgal maɓɓe fusi. E hitaande 1976 o resi Stella Abebe e nder kewu aadaaji Yoruba. E nder laamu Murtala 4uqatmhh8bwfmlf29uty3vn6896yxkm 175730 175725 2026-06-22T19:33:49Z Ilya Discuss 10103 #1Lib1Ref 175730 wikitext text/x-wiki Mawɗo Olusegun Matthew Okikiola Ogunboye Aremu Obasanjo GCFR (// C; Yoruba: Olúṣẹ́gun Ọbásanjọ́ [ōlúʃɛ́ɡũ̄ ɔ̄básã̄d͡ʒɔ́] R; jibinaa ko c. ndema, e gonnooɗo seneraal konu gonnooɗo hooreejo leydi Naajeeriya gila 1976 haa 1979, caggal ɗuum o woni hooreejo leydi ndii gila 1999 haa 2007. To bannge miijo, ko o ngenndiyanke Naajeeriya, o jeyaa ko e lannda Demokaraasi Leƴƴi (PDP) gila 1998 haa 2019. Obasanjo jibinaa ko e wuro Ibogun-Olaogun, e nder galle remoowo, jeyaaɗo e leñol Owu, Obasanjo janngi ko ɓuri heewde e wuro wiyeteengo Abeokuta, to diiwaan Ogun. O naati konu leydi Naajeeriya, o janngi ko faati e inndeeji, o golliima to Konngo, Angalteer, e Inndo, o arti e darnde Major. E darorɗe kitaale 1960, o waɗii darnde mawnde e haɓaade seernaaɓe Biafra e nder wolde hakkunde leyɗeele Nijeer, o jaɓi dogde e hitaande 1970. E hitaande 1975, kuudetaa konu sosi junta e Obasanjo e nder laamu mum tati. Caggal nde hooreejo triumvirate, hono Murtala Muhammed, waraa e hitaande rewtunde ndee, Diiso toowngo konu toɗɗii Obasanjo hooreejo leydi ndii. Jokkude politik Murtala, Obasanjo ƴeewtindiima taƴgol bidsee e yaajnude jaŋde ekkolaaji ɗi ngalaa njoɓdi. Ɓesdugo hawtuki lesdi Naajeeriya bee lesdi Amerika, o teddini kadi ballal pelle luutndiiɗe laamu ɓaleeɓe pamari nder Afrika woylaare. Obasanjo ɗon mari haaje wartirgo demokaraasi, o ardi woote 1979, ɓaawo man o hokki laamu lesdi Naajeeriya haa hooreejo lesdi siwil keso, Shehu Shagari. Ndeen Obasanjo artii e golle mum to Ota, Ogun, ɗo o wonti demoowo, o yaltini defte nay, o tawtoraama eɓɓooji winndereeji ngam joofnude hareeji Afrik ceertuɗi. E hitaande 1993, Sani Abacha heɓti laamu e kuudetaa konu. Obasanjo ina ñiŋa laamu Abacha e peeñcu, e hitaande 1995 o nanngaa, o ñaawaa wonde o jeyaa ko e kuudetaa peewnaaɗo, hay so tawii o seppii wonde o alaa ella. Nde o woni e kasoo ndee, o wonti Kerecee’en jibinaaɗo, tawi ko providentialism ina tiiɗtini no feewi e yi’annde makko aduna caggal ɗuum. O woppitaama caggal maayde Abacha e hitaande 1998. Obasanjo naati e politik wooteeji, o wonti kanndidaa PDP e wooteeji hooreleydaagu 1999, ɗi o dañi. Ko o hooreejo leydi, o woppi politik militeer en, kamɓe ɗiɗo fof ɓe njaajni polis, ɓe moofti konu ngam haɓaade fitinaaji leƴƴi, diineeji, e seernaaɓe jaajɗi. O itti sooje'en lesdi Naajeeriya diga lesdi Siyeraa Leone, o hokki hukuumaaji pamari feere-feere ngam ustugo ceede lesdi ndi'i. O artiraa e woote 2003. E nder miijooji Pan-Afrik, o woniino daraniiɗo no feewi sosde Dental Afrik, o woniino hooreejo mayre tuggi 2004 haa 2006. Eɓɓooje Obasanjo ngam waylude doosɗe leydi ngam ittude keeri manndaa hooreejo leydi, ɗe njahraani no haanirta nii, ɗe ngaddani ɗum ñiŋooje. Caggal nde o woppi golle, o heɓi doktoraa makko e ganndal diine to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde National Open to leydi Najeriya. Nguurndam gadano Baaba Olusegun Obasanjo, Obasanjo Bankole, jeyaa ko e ardiiɓe hoɗɓe e sosɓe wuro Igbogun Olaogun e fuɗɗoode kitaale 1920. Hay so tawii ko o demoowo keewɗo jawdi, o jom jawdi en, omo hiisee wonde miskiino sabu o jeyaaka e yimɓe jannguɓe e nder leydi Yoruba. Bankole hawri e Bernice Ashabi, njulaagu tokooso to Igbogun, kamɓe ɗiɗo fof ɓe resndi. Ɓeeɗoo ɗiɗo ina njogii ɓiɓɓe ɗiɗo heddiiɓe e nder jeegom : Olusegun e Adunni Oluwola, miñiiko debbo gooto. E wiyde paaspoor makko, Olusegun Obasanjo jibinaa ko ñalnde 5 marse 1937 hay so tawii noon alaa ko winndaa e mum hannde, ñalngu nguu ko limto ɓadiiɗo. Olusegun ko jeyaaɗo e Laamu Owu. O mawni ko e Baptiste. Debbo makko caggal mum naati lislaam ngam resde gorko juulɗo.[9] E duuɓi sappo e go'o, o naati duɗal leslesal wuro ngo,[10] caggal duuɓi tati, e hitaande 1951, o naati duɗal Baptist Day to nokku Owu to Abeokuta.[11] E hitaande 1952 o arti e duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde sukaaɓe Baptist,[12] kadi e nder wuro ngo. Feccere e njoɓdi duɗal makko ko dokke laamu.[13] Obasanjo waɗii ko moƴƴi e jaŋde,[14] e nder duɗal o wonti Boy Scout keewɗo faayiida.[15] Hay so tawii alaa ko holliti wonde e oon sahaa o tawtoraama kala pelle politik,[15] ko e nder duɗal hakkundeewal Obasanjo salii innde makko adannde "Matthew" ngam wonde golle luulndiiɗe koloñaal.[16] E nder ɗuum, baaba Obasanjo woppi debbo mum e sukaaɓe mum ɗiɗo.[17] Nde o yani e baasal, yumma Obasanjo ina foti golloraade njulaagu ngam wuurde.[15] Ngam yoɓugo ceede janngirde maako, Obasanjo ɗon huuwa haa gese kakawo e kola, ɗon ligga, ɗon mooɓa leɗɗe, ɗon sooda ceene mahooɓe. E nder balɗe udditgol duɗal ngal kadi o golliima e duɗal ngal, omo taƴa huɗo e golle juuɗe goɗɗe.[18] E hitaande 1956, Obasanjo waɗi jaŋde mum hakkundeere, caggal nde o ñamli kaalis ngam yoɓde njoɓdi naatgol.[19] E oon hitaande kadi, o fuɗɗii jokkondirde e Oluremi Akinlawon, ɓiy Owu mawɗo station. Ɓe ndarniino dewgal haa hitaande 1958.[20] O yalti duɗal, o fayi Ibadan, o ƴetti golle jannginde. Ko ɗoon o jooɗii e ekzamen naatgol to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Ibadan, kono hay so o jaɓii o tawi o waawaa yoɓde njoɓdi jaŋde.[19] Ndeen Obasanjo fellitii jokkude golle mum e nder konu leydi Najeriya, ngam heɓde ngal gollal, e hitaande 1958 o jaabiima eɓɓoore ngam janngude ofiseeji cadet e nder konu leydi Najeriya.[21][22] Fuɗɗoode golle konu (1958-1966) Heblo konu: 1958-1959 E lewru marse 1958, Obasanjo naati e konu leydi Najeriya.[23] O yi’i ɗum ko fartaŋŋe jokkude jaŋde makko tawa omo heɓa njoɓdi;[24] o humpitaaki ɗoon e ɗoon ɓesngu makko, o hulii wonde jibnaaɓe makko ina njaɓa ɗum.[25] Ko e oon sahaa konu leydi Najeriya ina jokki e juuɗe laamu koloñaal leydi Najeriya, ngam heblude ndimaagu leydi Najeriya timmungu, kadi ina waɗi eɓɓooje ngam heɓde yimɓe leydi Najeriya ɓurɓe heewde e nder darnde konu mum.[25] Ndeen o neldaama to duɗal jaŋde ofiseeji jooɗɗi to Teshie to leydi Gana.[23] Nde o woni caggal leydi, o neldi ɓataakeeji e dokke to jom suudu makko to leydi Najeriya.[20] E lewru suwee 1958, o suɓaa ngam ɓeydaade heblo lebbi jeegom to duɗal Mons Officer Cadet to Aldershot, to fuɗnaange Angalteer. Obasanjo yiɗaa ɗum toon, o sikkatnoo ko ɗum juɓɓule njiyaagu e njiyaagu, o tawi ina saɗi ko jokkondiri e dumunna Engele ɓurɗo toowde e ɓuuɓde.[26] Nde semmbini miijooji makko bonɗi e laamu Biritaan e hakke mum laamaade e dow laamuuji mum koloñaal en.[24] To Mons, o heɓi komisoŋ e seedantaagal to bannge innde. Nde Obasanjo woni to leydi Angalteer, yumma mum maayi. Baaba makko ndeen maayi ko hitaande caggal ɗuum.[27] E hitaande 1959, Obasanjo arti Nijeer. Ko ɗoon o artiraa to Kaduna, o woni subaltern infanterie e bataliyoŋ joyaɓo.[27] Wakkati maako haa Kaduna woni wakkati arandejum nde Obasanjo jooɗi haa nokkure nde juulɓe ɗuuɗi.[27] Ko nde o woni toon, e lewru Oktoobar 1960, leydi Nijeer wonti leydi ndimaagu.[28][22] Kiiriis Konngo: 1960-1961 Ƴeew kadi: Kiriis Konngo Caggal ɗuum seeɗa, bataliyoŋ joyaɓo neldaa to Konngo ngam jeyeede e konu Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe ngam haɓaade jam. Ko ɗoon bataliyoŋ oo woni e nder diiwaan Kivu, tawi ko ɗoon woni Bukavu.[28] To leydi Konngo, Obasanjo e woɗɓe ina njoginoo darnde reende siwil en, haa arti noon e leñol Belsik, e soldateeɓe murtuɓe e laamu Patrice Lumumba.[28] E lewru feebariyee 1961, Obasanjo nanngaa e juuɗe murtuɓe nde o ummotoo e misiyoŋaaji katolik en e nder dingiral sara Bukavu. Mutinooɓe ɓee miijinoo ko warde mo kono ɓe njamiraama yo ɓe njaltu. E lewru mee 1961, bataliyoŋ joyaɓo ummii Konngo, arti Najeriya.[28] E nder wolde nde, o toɗɗaama kapiteen wakkati.[24] O teskiima caggal ɗuum wonde sahaa mo o woni e Konngo oo ina semmbina "fervour pan-africain" bataliyoŋ makko.[28] Gartugol e leydi Konngo: 1961-1966 Nde o arti, Obasanjo soodi oto makko gadano, o naati e opitaal ko juuti sabu rafi reedu. Nde o selli, o artiraa e Korse Innjiniyaaruuji konu. E hitaande 1962 o jooɗii to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Royal College to Angalteer. Ko ɗoon o ɓuri waawde, o siforaa ko "almuudo Commonwealth ɓurɗo waawde". Oon hitaande, o yoɓi Akinlawon ngam yahde Londres ɗo o waawi naatde e kursus heblo. Ɓeeɗoo ɗiɗo resndi ɗum ko e lewru suwee 1963 to biro binnditagol Camberwell Green, ɓe nganndini ɓesnguuji maɓɓe tan caggal nde ɓe mbaɗi hiirde ndee.E ndeen hitaande, Obasanjo yamiraama yo o hoot to leydi Nijeer, hay so tawii debbo makko ina heddii to Londres duuɓi tati goɗɗi ngam timminde jaŋde makko. Nde o naati Naajeeriya, Obasanjo hoosi ardungal konu Innjiniyaaruuji ladde, jooɗiiɗum haa Kaduna. E nder konu, Obasanjo ina jokki e yahrude yeeso e nder darɗe, o wonti mawɗo e hitaande 1965. O huutoriima ngalu makko ngam soodde leydi, e fuɗɗoode kitaale 1960 o heɓi jawdi to Ibadan, Kaduna, e Lagos. E hitaande 1965, Obasanjo neldaa leydi Inndo. E nder laawol, o yilliima debbo makko to Londres. To leydi Indiya, o janngi to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde toppitiingal ko fayti e cellal to Wellington, caggal ɗuum to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Innjiniyaaruuji to Poona. Obasanjo hulɓinii e heege nde o seedtii e nder leydi Indiya hay so tawii o ƴettii nafoore e pinal leydi ndii, huunde nde addani mo janngude defte diineeji nannditooji. Hare nder leydi Naajeeriya Winndannde mawnde: Hare nder leydi Najeriya Golle makko ko adii wolde hakkunde leyɗeele: 1966-1967 Obasanjo ummi Naajeeriya nder lewru January hitaande 1966 ngam heɓugo lesdi ndi'i nder kuudetaa konu ngu Major Emmanuel Ifeajuna ardii. Obasanjo ina jeyaa e jeertinɓe wonde ngonka kaa ina waawi jippaade e wolde nder leydi.O hollitii wonde maa o won hakkunde ƴaañooɓe kuudetaa e laamu siwil, ngu rokki laamu nguu e juuɗe hooreejo konu Johnson Aguiyi-Ironsi. Nde kuudetaa oo ronki, Olusegun hawri e Ironsi to Lagos. Ironsi ɓooyaani ko timmini fedde nde e nder leydi Najeriya rewrude e yamiroore mum kawral e lewru mee 1966, huunde nde ɓuuɓni jiiɓru leƴƴi. E darorɗe lewru sulyee, kuudetaa ɗiɗmo waɗi. To wuro Ibadan, sooja'en iwdi woyla lesdi Naajeeriya ɗon ƴama, ɓe mbari Ironsi, ɓe mbari fodde teemeɗɗe ɗiɗi sooje'en ko ɓuri ɗuuɗugo ɓe iwdi lesdi Naajeeriya. Seneraal Yaakubu Gowon heɓti laamu. Nde ooɗoo kuudetaa waɗata nde Obasanjo wonnoo ko to Maiduguri. Nande ɗum, o yaawi hootde Kaduna. Ko ɗoon o tawi konu worgo ummoriiɗo e bataliyoŋ tataɓo ina ronka, ina torloo, ina wara soldateeɓe Igbo en. Gomnaajo lesdi Naajeeriya, Hassan Katsina, annditi dow koo ngam Olusegun naa Igbo, bana no o woni mo woylaare lesdi Naajeeriya, o ɗon nder ɓilla haa sooja'en murtuɓe. Ngam reenaade ɓe, Katsina neldi Olusegun e debbo mum ngarta Maiduguri balɗe sappo, tawi fitinaaji ɗii ina ustoo. Caggal ɗuum, Obasanjo neldi debbo mum to Lagos, tawi omo hoota Kaduna kanko e hoore makko, o woni ɗoon haa lewru Yarkomaa 1967. E oon sahaa ko kanko woni ofisee Yoruba ɓurɗo mawnude tawaaɗo to bannge worgo. E lewru Yarkomaa 1967, Obasanjo toɗɗaama to Lagos ngam wonde mawɗo Injineer konu.Hare hakkunde leƴƴi Igbo e leƴƴi worgo ina jokki e ɓeydaade, e lewru mee, ofisee konu Igbo C. Odumegwu Ojukwu hollitii jeytaare nokkuuji ɓurɗi heewde Igbo e nder fuɗnaange-rewo leydi Bi. Ñalnde 3 lewru juko, laamu leydi Najeriya neldi Obasanjo to Ibadan ngam wonde hooreejo leydi Hirnaange.Hare hakkunde konu leydi Najeriya e seernaaɓe Biafran fuɗɗii ko ñalnde 6 lewru juko. Ñalnde 9 sulyee, Ojukwu neldi koloñaal konu Biafra dow pont Niiseer ngam yiɗde heɓtude Mid-West, nokku ɗo ɓe mbaawi ummoraade Lagos. Obasanjo yiɗiino uddude laabi jahduɗi e wuro ngo. Komandaajo Yoruba biyeteeɗo Victor Banjo, ardinooɗo konu njanngu Biafran, etinooma waawnude Obasanjo yoo ɓe njaltu, kono o salii. Kuugal konu lesdi: 1967-1970 "Kolonel Olu Obasanjo, gardinooɗo diɗɗal tataɓal". Jaaynde Naajeeriya keso, hello 7, 12 lewru Yarkomaa 1970. Gagga hare nder leydi Naajeeriya e Biafra. Ndeen Obasanjo toɗɗaama hooreejo caggal diɗɗal ɗiɗaɓal Murtala Muhammed, gollotoongal to Mid-Ouest. Obasanjo woni ko e jooɗaade to Ibadan, ko kañum halfinaa Division ɗiɗaɓo oo jogaade kaɓirɗe. E nder wuro ngo, Obasanjo jannginii course ganndal konu to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Ibadan, o mahi jokkondiral makko e nder elite Yoruba. E nder wolde nde, wonno ko jiiɓru mawndu e nder Dowla Hirnaange, ngam daɗde e ɗeen caɗeele, Obasanjo woppi golle mum e nder Diiso doosɗe Hirnaange.Nde Obasanjo woɗɗi Ibadan e lewru noowammbar 1968, gure jogiiɗe kaɓirɗe ɗe fedde remooɓe Agbekoya moofti, njani e galle laamorɗo Ibadan. Konuuji ɗii njaabtii, mbari sappo e fitinaaji ɗii. Nde Obasanjo arti o yamiri yo ñaawirde ƴeewto kewuuji ɗii. Yamiroore konu: 1967-1970 "Kolonel Olu Obasanjo, gardinooɗo diɗɗal tataɓal". Jaaynde Naajeeriya keso, hello 7, 12 lewru Yarkomaa 1970. Gagga hare nder leydi Naajeeriya e Biafra. Ndeen Obasanjo toɗɗaama hooreejo caggal diɗɗal ɗiɗaɓal Murtala Muhammed, gollotoongal to Mid-Ouest. Obasanjo ina jooɗii to Ibadan, ko kañum halfinaa Division ɗiɗaɓo oo jogaade kaɓirɗe. E nder wuro ngo, Obasanjo jannginii course ganndal konu to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Ibadan, o mahi jokkondiral makko e nder elite Yoruba. E nder wolde nde, wonno ko jiiɓru mawndu e nder Dowla Hirnaange, ngam daɗde e ɗeen geɗe, Obasanjo woppi golle e nder Diiso doosɗe Dowla Hirnaange. Nde Obasanjo woɗɗi Ibadan e lewru noowammbar 1968, wuro ngo ina jogii balɗe, ngo fedde remooɓe Agbekoya moofti, yani e galle laamorɗo Ibadan. Konuuji ɗii njaabtii, mbari sappo e fitinaaji ɗii. Nde Obasanjo arti o yamiri yo ñaawirde ƴeewto kewuuji ɗii. Gowon felliti lomtaade Kolonel Benjamin Adekunle, ardinooɗo njanngu Biafra, kono ina haani Yoruba mawɗo goɗɗo. O suɓii ko Obasanjo, hay so tawii noon o alaa humpito hare. Obasanjo arii Port Harcourt ngam heɓtude golle ɗee ñalnde 16 mee 1969 ; o ardii hannde hakkunde 35 000 e 40 000 soldaat. O waɗii jonte jeegom gadane ɗee ko e riiwtude njangu Biafran e Aba. O yilliima kala nokku e yeeso, o gaañiiɗo e waɗde ɗum. Ɗee golle ngaddi mo innde cuusal e nder worɓe makko E lewru desaambar, Obasanjo fuɗɗii golle Finishing Touch, yamiri konu mum yo yahru yeeso feewde Umuahia, ngu ɓe ƴetti ñalnde Natal. Ɗum taƴii Biafra e feccere. Ñalnde 7 lewru Yarkomaa 1970, o ummini ndeen « Operation Tail-Wind », o heɓti laana ndiwoowa Uli ñalnde 12 lewru Yarkomaa. E oon sahaa, ardiiɓe Biafran njaɓi yoɓde. Ñalnde 13 lewru nduu, Obasanjo jokkondiri e komandaajo konu Biafran biyeteeɗo Philip Effiong. Obasanjo wi'i sooja'en Biafran hokka balmi maɓɓe, nden boo suɓol ardiiɓe lesdi ndi'i ɗon yaha Lagos, ɓe hokka Gowon dow laawol. Janngo mum, Obasanjo haali e rajo diiwaan oo, o wiyi ɓiɓɓe leydi ndi yo njokku e galleeji mum en, o dartina kisal mum en. Biafranaaɓe heewɓe e jaayɗe goɗɗe ina kuli wonde konu leydi Najeriya ina waawi waɗde bonanndeeji keewɗi e yimɓe foolɓe ɓee, hay so tawii noon Obasanjo ina yiɗi haɗde ɗum. O yamiri konu makko e nder diiwaan hee yo heddo e nder galleeji mum en, jokkude wonde polis nokku oo ina foti ƴettude kuule ngam ƴellitde sariya e deeƴre. Division tataɓo, ɓurɗo woɗɗude, waɗii hareeji warngooji e yimɓe nokku oo. Obasanjo ina tiiɗi e waɗooɓe bonannde ndee, sibu waɗɓe warngooji ɗii mberlaama, waɗɓe warngooji ɗii mbardaa. Laamu Gowon waɗi Obasanjo kalfinaaɗo naatnude Biafra e nder leydi Najeriya, e nder oon darnde o heɓi teddungal ngam teeŋtinde mawngu. Ko o injenieer, o teeŋtinii artirde jolngo ndiyam ; haa lewru mee 1970 gure mawɗe diiwaan oo fof njokkondirii e jolngo ndiyam. Darnde Obasanjo e timminde wolde nde waɗi mo jaambaaro wolde, kadi ko o neɗɗo ganndiraaɗo e nder leydi Najeriya. Kuugal maako ɓaawo konu lesdi: 1970-1975 E lewru suwee 1970, Obasanjo arti Abeokuta, jamaanu jaɓɓii mo no jaambaaro garoowo nii. Ndeen o neldaama to Lagos, o woni Brigadier gardinooɗo Korse Innjiniyankooɓe. E lewru oktoobar, Gowon hollitii wonde laamu militeer en ina rokka laamu nguu laamu siwil e hitaande 1976. E nder ɗuum, haɗde lanndaaji politik ina heddii e doole ; Gowon yahri yeeso seeɗa e sosde laamu siwil. E les laamu sooja'en, Obasanjo jooɗi nder goomu limngal sooja'en lesdi Naajeeriya, ko laarani limngal sooja'en lesdi Naajeeriya nder duuɓi 1970. E hitaande 1974 Obasanjo yahi to leydi Angalteer ngam janngude to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Royal College to bannge diine. Nde o arti, e lewru Yarkomaa 1975 Gowon toɗɗii mo Komisariyaa Golle e Koɗki, golle ɗe o joginoo fotde lebbi jeeɗiɗi, e nder ɗuum o ɓuri waawde mahde kaɓirɗe konu. E hitaande 1970, Obasanjo soodi sosiyatee Libannaajo ɓooyɗo to Ibadan, o gollini heen awokaa ngam ƴellitde ɗum. E hitaande 1973 o winnditii fedde wiyeteende Temperance Enterprises Limited, nde o waawi waɗde heen golle njulaagu caggal nde o woppi golle konu. O jokki kadi e waɗde heen jawdi ; e hitaande 1974 o joginoo galleeji ɗiɗi to Lagos e gooto fof to Ibadan e Abeokuta. Haalaaji ummii wonde Obasanjo ina jokki e waɗde njulaagu nguu ina ɓeydoo yaajde e nder leydi Najeriya, hay so tawii noon alaa ko holliti ɗum ko laaɓti. Dewgal makko e Oluremi wonti caɗeele nde o salii jokkondiral makko e rewɓe woɗɓe. E cakkital kitaale 1970 dewgal maɓɓe fusi. E hitaande 1976 o resi Stella Abebe e nder kewu aadaaji Yoruba. E nder laamu Murtala Kuudetaa 1975 e caggal mum Binndanɗe mawɗe: Kuudetaa laamu Nijeer e hitaande 1975 e Kawtal konu Nijeer (1966–1979) E lewru sulyee 1975, kuudetaa e gardagol Shehu Muusaa Yar’Adua e Yuusuf Garba liɓi Gowon, o dogi fayti Angalteer. Ɓe kaalaani Obasanjo e peeje maɓɓe nde tawnoo omo anndiraa wonde kuudetaa ko kuutorgal waylude laamu. Kuudetaaji ɗii njiɗnoo ko lomtinde laamu otokaraasi Gowon nguu e laamu tati (triumvirate) brigadieruuji tati ɗi Diiso Toowngo Konu ina waawi haɗde kuule mum en. Ngalɗoo laamu tati, ɓe cemmbini Seneraal Murtala Muhammed yo won hooreejo leydi, Obasanjo woni ɗiɗaɓo e gardagol mum, Danjuma woni tataɓo. Daartoowo biyeteeɗo John Iliffe teskiima wonde e nder triumvirate, Obasanjo ko « puccu gollordu e ngaandi » , ko kanko ɓuri yaawde hootde e laamu siwil. E nder heen, triumvirate oo naatni peeje ustude ngalu ngam haɗde inflation, sosi Biro toppitiiɗo ko fayti e golle bonɗe, lomtini guwerneeruuji militeer en ɗii fof ofiseeji kesi, ɓe cifotoo ko Obasanjo woni hooreejo konu, ɓe puɗɗii "Operation Deadwood" mo ɓe ndartini ofiseeji civil 11,000. Mawɗo gollordu, suudu sarɗiiji: 1975–76 E lewru oktoobar 1975, laamu nguu hollitii peeje ngam waɗde woote ɗe mbaɗata ngam laamu siwil e lewru oktoobar 1979. Ngu hollitii kadi peeje ngam sosde goomu ngam ƴettude doosgal leydi kesal, tawi ko Obasanjo ɓuri waawde suɓaade terɗe goomu nguu 49. E dow wasiyaaji Komiseer Irifeke, laamu nguu hollitii kadi sosde dowlaaji jeeɗiɗi kesi ; e dow tiiɗnaare Obasanjo, Abeokuta ina foti wonde laamorgo gooto e ɗeen dowlaaji kesi, hono Ogun. Kadi dow wasiyaaji komitiiru ndun, ɓe anndini anniyaaji seeɗa-seeɗa ngam wurtinki laamorgo lesdi Naajeeriya diga Lagos haa Abuja ɓurduɗum caka. E lewru Yarkomaa 1976, Obasanjo e Danjuma fof ƴettaa e jappeere Lietnaa-Seneraal. Murtala e Obasanjo fof ina ndartini darnde ngam haɗde koloñaal Oropnaaɓe jokkude e njiimaandi ɓaleeɓe tokosɓe e nder Afrik worgo, ɗum noon ko huunde nde ɓe cuɓii e politik maɓɓe caggal leydi. Ngolɗoo sabaabu ina ɓeydoo wontude ngoƴa Obasanjo. Caggal nde Angolaa heɓti jeytaare mum e juuɗe Portigaal, wolde ɓesngu addi e leydi hee. Naajeeriya anndi laabi laamu ngu MPLA, fedde marxist en nde Dental Sowiyet walli, sabu laamu luulndiingu FNLA e UNITA ina mballita e laamu ɓaleeɓe tokosɓe to Afrik worgo. Ko jiidaa e rokkude MPLA ballal kaalis, Niiseer fuɗɗiima ƴattaade leyɗeele Afrik goɗɗe ngam kadi jaɓde njuɓɓudi MPLA, e fuɗɗoode hitaande 1976 ko ɓuri heewde e dowlaaji e nder Fedde Ngootaagu Afrik (OAU) mbaɗii ɗum. E lewru feebariyee 1976, Obasanjo ardii delegaasiyoŋ Najeriya ngam mawninde hitaande MPLA to Luanda, ɗo o wiyi : « ko ñalngu maantiniingu, ko ɗum fuɗɗoode hare sakkitiinde ngam haɓaade koloñaal, imperiyaalisma e njiyaagu e nder Afrik ». Warngo Murtala : 13 feebariyee 1976 E lewru feebariyee 1976, kolonel Buka Suka Dimka waɗi kuudetaa e laamu Nijeer, tawi ko ndeen Seneraal Murtala Muhammed waraa. Eɓɓoore kadi waɗaama e nguurndam Obasanjo, kono neɗɗo mo fotaani waraa. Dimka ŋakkiraa ballal mawngal e nder militeer en, kuudetaa makko ronki, ɗum addani mo dogde. Obasanjo tawtoraaki wirwirnde Murtala to Kano, kono o hollitii laamu nguu ina jogori yoɓde mahngo juulirde e nokku ɗo o wirnaa ɗoo. Caggal nde o waraa, Obasanjo tawtoraama batu Diiso Toowngo Konu. O hollitii yiɗde makko woppude laamu, kono Diiso ngoo heɓiino ɗaɓɓude yo o lomto Murtala e gardagol leydi ndii. Ko ɗum waɗi o wonti hooreejo diiso ngoo.E nder kulhuli makko e ɓeydagol eɓɓooji e nguurndam makko, Obasanjo naati e nder kasoo Dodan, tawi 39 neɗɗo tuumaaɗo wonde e nder kuudetaa Dimka mbaraa, ɗum jibini tuumeede wonde jaabawol Obasanjo ngol ina heewi. Ko Obasanjo woni hooreejo leydi ndi, o huniima jokkude dawrugol Murtala. Hooreejo leydi konu (1976-1979) rw11b0wbbvvti67258zgpp6vnbz7t0d 175733 175730 2026-06-22T19:41:12Z Ilya Discuss 10103 #1Lib1Ref 175733 wikitext text/x-wiki Mawɗo Olusegun Matthew Okikiola Ogunboye Aremu Obasanjo GCFR (// C; Yoruba: Olúṣẹ́gun Ọbásanjọ́ [ōlúʃɛ́ɡũ̄ ɔ̄básã̄d͡ʒɔ́] R; jibinaa ko c. ndema, e gonnooɗo seneraal konu gonnooɗo hooreejo leydi Naajeeriya gila 1976 haa 1979, caggal ɗuum o woni hooreejo leydi ndii gila 1999 haa 2007. To bannge miijo, ko o ngenndiyanke Naajeeriya, o jeyaa ko e lannda Demokaraasi Leƴƴi (PDP) gila 1998 haa 2019. Obasanjo jibinaa ko e wuro Ibogun-Olaogun, e nder galle remoowo, jeyaaɗo e leñol Owu, Obasanjo janngi ko ɓuri heewde e wuro wiyeteengo Abeokuta, to diiwaan Ogun. O naati konu leydi Naajeeriya, o janngi ko faati e inndeeji, o golliima to Konngo, Angalteer, e Inndo, o arti e darnde Major. E darorɗe kitaale 1960, o waɗii darnde mawnde e haɓaade seernaaɓe Biafra e nder wolde hakkunde leyɗeele Nijeer, o jaɓi dogde e hitaande 1970. E hitaande 1975, kuudetaa konu sosi junta e Obasanjo e nder laamu mum tati. Caggal nde hooreejo triumvirate, hono Murtala Muhammed, waraa e hitaande rewtunde ndee, Diiso toowngo konu toɗɗii Obasanjo hooreejo leydi ndii. Jokkude politik Murtala, Obasanjo ƴeewtindiima taƴgol bidsee e yaajnude jaŋde ekkolaaji ɗi ngalaa njoɓdi. Ɓesdugo hawtuki lesdi Naajeeriya bee lesdi Amerika, o teddini kadi ballal pelle luutndiiɗe laamu ɓaleeɓe pamari nder Afrika woylaare. Obasanjo ɗon mari haaje wartirgo demokaraasi, o ardi woote 1979, ɓaawo man o hokki laamu lesdi Naajeeriya haa hooreejo lesdi siwil keso, Shehu Shagari. Ndeen Obasanjo artii e golle mum to Ota, Ogun, ɗo o wonti demoowo, o yaltini defte nay, o tawtoraama eɓɓooji winndereeji ngam joofnude hareeji Afrik ceertuɗi. E hitaande 1993, Sani Abacha heɓti laamu e kuudetaa konu. Obasanjo ina ñiŋa laamu Abacha e peeñcu, e hitaande 1995 o nanngaa, o ñaawaa wonde o jeyaa ko e kuudetaa peewnaaɗo, hay so tawii o seppii wonde o alaa ella. Nde o woni e kasoo ndee, o wonti Kerecee’en jibinaaɗo, tawi ko providentialism ina tiiɗtini no feewi e yi’annde makko aduna caggal ɗuum. O woppitaama caggal maayde Abacha e hitaande 1998. Obasanjo naati e politik wooteeji, o wonti kanndidaa PDP e wooteeji hooreleydaagu 1999, ɗi o dañi. Ko o hooreejo leydi, o woppi politik militeer en, kamɓe ɗiɗo fof ɓe njaajni polis, ɓe moofti konu ngam haɓaade fitinaaji leƴƴi, diineeji, e seernaaɓe jaajɗi. O itti sooje'en lesdi Naajeeriya diga lesdi Siyeraa Leone, o hokki hukuumaaji pamari feere-feere ngam ustugo ceede lesdi ndi'i. O artiraa e woote 2003. E nder miijooji Pan-Afrik, o woniino daraniiɗo no feewi sosde Dental Afrik, o woniino hooreejo mayre tuggi 2004 haa 2006. Eɓɓooje Obasanjo ngam waylude doosɗe leydi ngam ittude keeri manndaa hooreejo leydi, ɗe njahraani no haanirta nii, ɗe ngaddani ɗum ñiŋooje. Caggal nde o woppi golle, o heɓi doktoraa makko e ganndal diine to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde National Open to leydi Najeriya. Nguurndam gadano Baaba Olusegun Obasanjo, Obasanjo Bankole, jeyaa ko e ardiiɓe hoɗɓe e sosɓe wuro Igbogun Olaogun e fuɗɗoode kitaale 1920. Hay so tawii ko o demoowo keewɗo jawdi, o jom jawdi en, omo hiisee wonde miskiino sabu o jeyaaka e yimɓe jannguɓe e nder leydi Yoruba. Bankole hawri e Bernice Ashabi, njulaagu tokooso to Igbogun, kamɓe ɗiɗo fof ɓe resndi. Ɓeeɗoo ɗiɗo ina njogii ɓiɓɓe ɗiɗo heddiiɓe e nder jeegom : Olusegun e Adunni Oluwola, miñiiko debbo gooto. E wiyde paaspoor makko, Olusegun Obasanjo jibinaa ko ñalnde 5 marse 1937 hay so tawii noon alaa ko winndaa e mum hannde, ñalngu nguu ko limto ɓadiiɗo. Olusegun ko jeyaaɗo e Laamu Owu. O mawni ko e Baptiste. Debbo makko caggal mum naati lislaam ngam resde gorko juulɗo.[9] E duuɓi sappo e go'o, o naati duɗal leslesal wuro ngo,[10] caggal duuɓi tati, e hitaande 1951, o naati duɗal Baptist Day to nokku Owu to Abeokuta.[11] E hitaande 1952 o arti e duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde sukaaɓe Baptist,[12] kadi e nder wuro ngo. Feccere e njoɓdi duɗal makko ko dokke laamu.[13] Obasanjo waɗii ko moƴƴi e jaŋde,[14] e nder duɗal o wonti Boy Scout keewɗo faayiida.[15] Hay so tawii alaa ko holliti wonde e oon sahaa o tawtoraama kala pelle politik,[15] ko e nder duɗal hakkundeewal Obasanjo salii innde makko adannde "Matthew" ngam wonde golle luulndiiɗe koloñaal.[16] E nder ɗuum, baaba Obasanjo woppi debbo mum e sukaaɓe mum ɗiɗo.[17] Nde o yani e baasal, yumma Obasanjo ina foti golloraade njulaagu ngam wuurde.[15] Ngam yoɓugo ceede janngirde maako, Obasanjo ɗon huuwa haa gese kakawo e kola, ɗon ligga, ɗon mooɓa leɗɗe, ɗon sooda ceene mahooɓe. E nder balɗe udditgol duɗal ngal kadi o golliima e duɗal ngal, omo taƴa huɗo e golle juuɗe goɗɗe.[18] E hitaande 1956, Obasanjo waɗi jaŋde mum hakkundeere, caggal nde o ñamli kaalis ngam yoɓde njoɓdi naatgol.[19] E oon hitaande kadi, o fuɗɗii jokkondirde e Oluremi Akinlawon, ɓiy Owu mawɗo station. Ɓe ndarniino dewgal haa hitaande 1958.[20] O yalti duɗal, o fayi Ibadan, o ƴetti golle jannginde. Ko ɗoon o jooɗii e ekzamen naatgol to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Ibadan, kono hay so o jaɓii o tawi o waawaa yoɓde njoɓdi jaŋde.[19] Ndeen Obasanjo fellitii jokkude golle mum e nder konu leydi Najeriya, ngam heɓde ngal gollal, e hitaande 1958 o jaabiima eɓɓoore ngam janngude ofiseeji cadet e nder konu leydi Najeriya.[21][22] Fuɗɗoode golle konu (1958-1966) Heblo konu: 1958-1959 E lewru marse 1958, Obasanjo naati e konu leydi Najeriya.[23] O yi’i ɗum ko fartaŋŋe jokkude jaŋde makko tawa omo heɓa njoɓdi;[24] o humpitaaki ɗoon e ɗoon ɓesngu makko, o hulii wonde jibnaaɓe makko ina njaɓa ɗum.[25] Ko e oon sahaa konu leydi Najeriya ina jokki e juuɗe laamu koloñaal leydi Najeriya, ngam heblude ndimaagu leydi Najeriya timmungu, kadi ina waɗi eɓɓooje ngam heɓde yimɓe leydi Najeriya ɓurɓe heewde e nder darnde konu mum.[25] Ndeen o neldaama to duɗal jaŋde ofiseeji jooɗɗi to Teshie to leydi Gana.[23] Nde o woni caggal leydi, o neldi ɓataakeeji e dokke to jom suudu makko to leydi Najeriya.[20] E lewru suwee 1958, o suɓaa ngam ɓeydaade heblo lebbi jeegom to duɗal Mons Officer Cadet to Aldershot, to fuɗnaange Angalteer. Obasanjo yiɗaa ɗum toon, o sikkatnoo ko ɗum juɓɓule njiyaagu e njiyaagu, o tawi ina saɗi ko jokkondiri e dumunna Engele ɓurɗo toowde e ɓuuɓde.[26] Nde semmbini miijooji makko bonɗi e laamu Biritaan e hakke mum laamaade e dow laamuuji mum koloñaal en.[24] To Mons, o heɓi komisoŋ e seedantaagal to bannge innde. Nde Obasanjo woni to leydi Angalteer, yumma mum maayi. Baaba makko ndeen maayi ko hitaande caggal ɗuum.[27] E hitaande 1959, Obasanjo arti Nijeer. Ko ɗoon o artiraa to Kaduna, o woni subaltern infanterie e bataliyoŋ joyaɓo.[27] Wakkati maako haa Kaduna woni wakkati arandejum nde Obasanjo jooɗi haa nokkure nde juulɓe ɗuuɗi.[27] Ko nde o woni toon, e lewru Oktoobar 1960, leydi Nijeer wonti leydi ndimaagu.[28][22] Kiiriis Konngo: 1960-1961 Ƴeew kadi: Kiriis Konngo Caggal ɗuum seeɗa, bataliyoŋ joyaɓo neldaa to Konngo ngam jeyeede e konu Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe ngam haɓaade jam. Ko ɗoon bataliyoŋ oo woni e nder diiwaan Kivu, tawi ko ɗoon woni Bukavu.[28] To leydi Konngo, Obasanjo e woɗɓe ina njoginoo darnde reende siwil en, haa arti noon e leñol Belsik, e soldateeɓe murtuɓe e laamu Patrice Lumumba.[28] E lewru feebariyee 1961, Obasanjo nanngaa e juuɗe murtuɓe nde o ummotoo e misiyoŋaaji katolik en e nder dingiral sara Bukavu. Mutinooɓe ɓee miijinoo ko warde mo kono ɓe njamiraama yo ɓe njaltu. E lewru mee 1961, bataliyoŋ joyaɓo ummii Konngo, arti Najeriya.[28] E nder wolde nde, o toɗɗaama kapiteen wakkati.[24] O teskiima caggal ɗuum wonde sahaa mo o woni e Konngo oo ina semmbina "fervour pan-africain" bataliyoŋ makko.[28] Gartugol e leydi Konngo: 1961-1966 Nde o arti, Obasanjo soodi oto makko gadano, o naati e opitaal ko juuti sabu rafi reedu. Nde o selli, o artiraa e Korse Innjiniyaaruuji konu. E hitaande 1962 o jooɗii to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Royal College to Angalteer. Ko ɗoon o ɓuri waawde, o siforaa ko "almuudo Commonwealth ɓurɗo waawde". Oon hitaande, o yoɓi Akinlawon ngam yahde Londres ɗo o waawi naatde e kursus heblo. Ɓeeɗoo ɗiɗo resndi ɗum ko e lewru suwee 1963 to biro binnditagol Camberwell Green, ɓe nganndini ɓesnguuji maɓɓe tan caggal nde ɓe mbaɗi hiirde ndee.E ndeen hitaande, Obasanjo yamiraama yo o hoot to leydi Nijeer, hay so tawii debbo makko ina heddii to Londres duuɓi tati goɗɗi ngam timminde jaŋde makko. Nde o naati Naajeeriya, Obasanjo hoosi ardungal konu Innjiniyaaruuji ladde, jooɗiiɗum haa Kaduna. E nder konu, Obasanjo ina jokki e yahrude yeeso e nder darɗe, o wonti mawɗo e hitaande 1965. O huutoriima ngalu makko ngam soodde leydi, e fuɗɗoode kitaale 1960 o heɓi jawdi to Ibadan, Kaduna, e Lagos. E hitaande 1965, Obasanjo neldaa leydi Inndo. E nder laawol, o yilliima debbo makko to Londres. To leydi Indiya, o janngi to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde toppitiingal ko fayti e cellal to Wellington, caggal ɗuum to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Innjiniyaaruuji to Poona. Obasanjo hulɓinii e heege nde o seedtii e nder leydi Indiya hay so tawii o ƴettii nafoore e pinal leydi ndii, huunde nde addani mo janngude defte diineeji nannditooji. Hare nder leydi Naajeeriya Winndannde mawnde: Hare nder leydi Najeriya Golle makko ko adii wolde hakkunde leyɗeele: 1966-1967 Obasanjo ummi Naajeeriya nder lewru January hitaande 1966 ngam heɓugo lesdi ndi'i nder kuudetaa konu ngu Major Emmanuel Ifeajuna ardii. Obasanjo ina jeyaa e jeertinɓe wonde ngonka kaa ina waawi jippaade e wolde nder leydi.O hollitii wonde maa o won hakkunde ƴaañooɓe kuudetaa e laamu siwil, ngu rokki laamu nguu e juuɗe hooreejo konu Johnson Aguiyi-Ironsi. Nde kuudetaa oo ronki, Olusegun hawri e Ironsi to Lagos. Ironsi ɓooyaani ko timmini fedde nde e nder leydi Najeriya rewrude e yamiroore mum kawral e lewru mee 1966, huunde nde ɓuuɓni jiiɓru leƴƴi. E darorɗe lewru sulyee, kuudetaa ɗiɗmo waɗi. To wuro Ibadan, sooja'en iwdi woyla lesdi Naajeeriya ɗon ƴama, ɓe mbari Ironsi, ɓe mbari fodde teemeɗɗe ɗiɗi sooje'en ko ɓuri ɗuuɗugo ɓe iwdi lesdi Naajeeriya. Seneraal Yaakubu Gowon heɓti laamu. Nde ooɗoo kuudetaa waɗata nde Obasanjo wonnoo ko to Maiduguri. Nande ɗum, o yaawi hootde Kaduna. Ko ɗoon o tawi konu worgo ummoriiɗo e bataliyoŋ tataɓo ina ronka, ina torloo, ina wara soldateeɓe Igbo en. Gomnaajo lesdi Naajeeriya, Hassan Katsina, annditi dow koo ngam Olusegun naa Igbo, bana no o woni mo woylaare lesdi Naajeeriya, o ɗon nder ɓilla haa sooja'en murtuɓe. Ngam reenaade ɓe, Katsina neldi Olusegun e debbo mum ngarta Maiduguri balɗe sappo, tawi fitinaaji ɗii ina ustoo. Caggal ɗuum, Obasanjo neldi debbo mum to Lagos, tawi omo hoota Kaduna kanko e hoore makko, o woni ɗoon haa lewru Yarkomaa 1967. E oon sahaa ko kanko woni ofisee Yoruba ɓurɗo mawnude tawaaɗo to bannge worgo. E lewru Yarkomaa 1967, Obasanjo toɗɗaama to Lagos ngam wonde mawɗo Injineer konu.Hare hakkunde leƴƴi Igbo e leƴƴi worgo ina jokki e ɓeydaade, e lewru mee, ofisee konu Igbo C. Odumegwu Ojukwu hollitii jeytaare nokkuuji ɓurɗi heewde Igbo e nder fuɗnaange-rewo leydi Bi. Ñalnde 3 lewru juko, laamu leydi Najeriya neldi Obasanjo to Ibadan ngam wonde hooreejo leydi Hirnaange.Hare hakkunde konu leydi Najeriya e seernaaɓe Biafran fuɗɗii ko ñalnde 6 lewru juko. Ñalnde 9 sulyee, Ojukwu neldi koloñaal konu Biafra dow pont Niiseer ngam yiɗde heɓtude Mid-West, nokku ɗo ɓe mbaawi ummoraade Lagos. Obasanjo yiɗiino uddude laabi jahduɗi e wuro ngo. Komandaajo Yoruba biyeteeɗo Victor Banjo, ardinooɗo konu njanngu Biafran, etinooma waawnude Obasanjo yoo ɓe njaltu, kono o salii. Kuugal konu lesdi: 1967-1970 "Kolonel Olu Obasanjo, gardinooɗo diɗɗal tataɓal". Jaaynde Naajeeriya keso, hello 7, 12 lewru Yarkomaa 1970. Gagga hare nder leydi Naajeeriya e Biafra. Ndeen Obasanjo toɗɗaama hooreejo caggal diɗɗal ɗiɗaɓal Murtala Muhammed, gollotoongal to Mid-Ouest. Obasanjo woni ko e jooɗaade to Ibadan, ko kañum halfinaa Division ɗiɗaɓo oo jogaade kaɓirɗe. E nder wuro ngo, Obasanjo jannginii course ganndal konu to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Ibadan, o mahi jokkondiral makko e nder elite Yoruba. E nder wolde nde, wonno ko jiiɓru mawndu e nder Dowla Hirnaange, ngam daɗde e ɗeen caɗeele, Obasanjo woppi golle mum e nder Diiso doosɗe Hirnaange.Nde Obasanjo woɗɗi Ibadan e lewru noowammbar 1968, gure jogiiɗe kaɓirɗe ɗe fedde remooɓe Agbekoya moofti, njani e galle laamorɗo Ibadan. Konuuji ɗii njaabtii, mbari sappo e fitinaaji ɗii. Nde Obasanjo arti o yamiri yo ñaawirde ƴeewto kewuuji ɗii. Yamiroore konu: 1967-1970 "Kolonel Olu Obasanjo, gardinooɗo diɗɗal tataɓal". Jaaynde Naajeeriya keso, hello 7, 12 lewru Yarkomaa 1970. Gagga hare nder leydi Naajeeriya e Biafra. Ndeen Obasanjo toɗɗaama hooreejo caggal diɗɗal ɗiɗaɓal Murtala Muhammed, gollotoongal to Mid-Ouest. Obasanjo ina jooɗii to Ibadan, ko kañum halfinaa Division ɗiɗaɓo oo jogaade kaɓirɗe. E nder wuro ngo, Obasanjo jannginii course ganndal konu to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Ibadan, o mahi jokkondiral makko e nder elite Yoruba. E nder wolde nde, wonno ko jiiɓru mawndu e nder Dowla Hirnaange, ngam daɗde e ɗeen geɗe, Obasanjo woppi golle e nder Diiso doosɗe Dowla Hirnaange. Nde Obasanjo woɗɗi Ibadan e lewru noowammbar 1968, wuro ngo ina jogii balɗe, ngo fedde remooɓe Agbekoya moofti, yani e galle laamorɗo Ibadan. Konuuji ɗii njaabtii, mbari sappo e fitinaaji ɗii. Nde Obasanjo arti o yamiri yo ñaawirde ƴeewto kewuuji ɗii. Gowon felliti lomtaade Kolonel Benjamin Adekunle, ardinooɗo njanngu Biafra, kono ina haani Yoruba mawɗo goɗɗo. O suɓii ko Obasanjo, hay so tawii noon o alaa humpito hare. Obasanjo arii Port Harcourt ngam heɓtude golle ɗee ñalnde 16 mee 1969 ; o ardii hannde hakkunde 35 000 e 40 000 soldaat. O waɗii jonte jeegom gadane ɗee ko e riiwtude njangu Biafran e Aba. O yilliima kala nokku e yeeso, o gaañiiɗo e waɗde ɗum. Ɗee golle ngaddi mo innde cuusal e nder worɓe makko E lewru desaambar, Obasanjo fuɗɗii golle Finishing Touch, yamiri konu mum yo yahru yeeso feewde Umuahia, ngu ɓe ƴetti ñalnde Natal. Ɗum taƴii Biafra e feccere. Ñalnde 7 lewru Yarkomaa 1970, o ummini ndeen « Operation Tail-Wind », o heɓti laana ndiwoowa Uli ñalnde 12 lewru Yarkomaa. E oon sahaa, ardiiɓe Biafran njaɓi yoɓde. Ñalnde 13 lewru nduu, Obasanjo jokkondiri e komandaajo konu Biafran biyeteeɗo Philip Effiong. Obasanjo wi'i sooja'en Biafran hokka balmi maɓɓe, nden boo suɓol ardiiɓe lesdi ndi'i ɗon yaha Lagos, ɓe hokka Gowon dow laawol. Janngo mum, Obasanjo haali e rajo diiwaan oo, o wiyi ɓiɓɓe leydi ndi yo njokku e galleeji mum en, o dartina kisal mum en. Biafranaaɓe heewɓe e jaayɗe goɗɗe ina kuli wonde konu leydi Najeriya ina waawi waɗde bonanndeeji keewɗi e yimɓe foolɓe ɓee, hay so tawii noon Obasanjo ina yiɗi haɗde ɗum. O yamiri konu makko e nder diiwaan hee yo heddo e nder galleeji mum en, jokkude wonde polis nokku oo ina foti ƴettude kuule ngam ƴellitde sariya e deeƴre. Division tataɓo, ɓurɗo woɗɗude, waɗii hareeji warngooji e yimɓe nokku oo. Obasanjo ina tiiɗi e waɗooɓe bonannde ndee, sibu waɗɓe warngooji ɗii mberlaama, waɗɓe warngooji ɗii mbardaa. Laamu Gowon waɗi Obasanjo kalfinaaɗo naatnude Biafra e nder leydi Najeriya, e nder oon darnde o heɓi teddungal ngam teeŋtinde mawngu. Ko o injenieer, o teeŋtinii artirde jolngo ndiyam ; haa lewru mee 1970 gure mawɗe diiwaan oo fof njokkondirii e jolngo ndiyam. Darnde Obasanjo e timminde wolde nde waɗi mo jaambaaro wolde, kadi ko o neɗɗo ganndiraaɗo e nder leydi Najeriya. Kuugal maako ɓaawo konu lesdi: 1970-1975 E lewru suwee 1970, Obasanjo arti Abeokuta, jamaanu jaɓɓii mo no jaambaaro garoowo nii. Ndeen o neldaama to Lagos, o woni Brigadier gardinooɗo Korse Innjiniyankooɓe. E lewru oktoobar, Gowon hollitii wonde laamu militeer en ina rokka laamu nguu laamu siwil e hitaande 1976. E nder ɗuum, haɗde lanndaaji politik ina heddii e doole ; Gowon yahri yeeso seeɗa e sosde laamu siwil. E les laamu sooja'en, Obasanjo jooɗi nder goomu limngal sooja'en lesdi Naajeeriya, ko laarani limngal sooja'en lesdi Naajeeriya nder duuɓi 1970. E hitaande 1974 Obasanjo yahi to leydi Angalteer ngam janngude to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Royal College to bannge diine. Nde o arti, e lewru Yarkomaa 1975 Gowon toɗɗii mo Komisariyaa Golle e Koɗki, golle ɗe o joginoo fotde lebbi jeeɗiɗi, e nder ɗuum o ɓuri waawde mahde kaɓirɗe konu. E hitaande 1970, Obasanjo soodi sosiyatee Libannaajo ɓooyɗo to Ibadan, o gollini heen awokaa ngam ƴellitde ɗum. E hitaande 1973 o winnditii fedde wiyeteende Temperance Enterprises Limited, nde o waawi waɗde heen golle njulaagu caggal nde o woppi golle konu. O jokki kadi e waɗde heen jawdi ; e hitaande 1974 o joginoo galleeji ɗiɗi to Lagos e gooto fof to Ibadan e Abeokuta. Haalaaji ummii wonde Obasanjo ina jokki e waɗde njulaagu nguu ina ɓeydoo yaajde e nder leydi Najeriya, hay so tawii noon alaa ko holliti ɗum ko laaɓti. Dewgal makko e Oluremi wonti caɗeele nde o salii jokkondiral makko e rewɓe woɗɓe. E cakkital kitaale 1970 dewgal maɓɓe fusi. E hitaande 1976 o resi Stella Abebe e nder kewu aadaaji Yoruba. E nder laamu Murtala Kuudetaa 1975 e caggal mum Binndanɗe mawɗe: Kuudetaa laamu Nijeer e hitaande 1975 e Kawtal konu Nijeer (1966–1979) E lewru sulyee 1975, kuudetaa e gardagol Shehu Muusaa Yar’Adua e Yuusuf Garba liɓi Gowon, o dogi fayti Angalteer. Ɓe kaalaani Obasanjo e peeje maɓɓe nde tawnoo omo anndiraa wonde kuudetaa ko kuutorgal waylude laamu. Kuudetaaji ɗii njiɗnoo ko lomtinde laamu otokaraasi Gowon nguu e laamu tati (triumvirate) brigadieruuji tati ɗi Diiso Toowngo Konu ina waawi haɗde kuule mum en. Ngalɗoo laamu tati, ɓe cemmbini Seneraal Murtala Muhammed yo won hooreejo leydi, Obasanjo woni ɗiɗaɓo e gardagol mum, Danjuma woni tataɓo. Daartoowo biyeteeɗo John Iliffe teskiima wonde e nder triumvirate, Obasanjo ko « puccu gollordu e ngaandi » , ko kanko ɓuri yaawde hootde e laamu siwil. E nder heen, triumvirate oo naatni peeje ustude ngalu ngam haɗde inflation, sosi Biro toppitiiɗo ko fayti e golle bonɗe, lomtini guwerneeruuji militeer en ɗii fof ofiseeji kesi, ɓe cifotoo ko Obasanjo woni hooreejo konu, ɓe puɗɗii "Operation Deadwood" mo ɓe ndartini ofiseeji civil 11,000. Mawɗo gollordu, suudu sarɗiiji: 1975–76 E lewru oktoobar 1975, laamu nguu hollitii peeje ngam waɗde woote ɗe mbaɗata ngam laamu siwil e lewru oktoobar 1979. Ngu hollitii kadi peeje ngam sosde goomu ngam ƴettude doosgal leydi kesal, tawi ko Obasanjo ɓuri waawde suɓaade terɗe goomu nguu 49. E dow wasiyaaji Komiseer Irifeke, laamu nguu hollitii kadi sosde dowlaaji jeeɗiɗi kesi ; e dow tiiɗnaare Obasanjo, Abeokuta ina foti wonde laamorgo gooto e ɗeen dowlaaji kesi, hono Ogun. Kadi dow wasiyaaji komitiiru ndun, ɓe anndini anniyaaji seeɗa-seeɗa ngam wurtinki laamorgo lesdi Naajeeriya diga Lagos haa Abuja ɓurduɗum caka. E lewru Yarkomaa 1976, Obasanjo e Danjuma fof ƴettaa e jappeere Lietnaa-Seneraal. Murtala e Obasanjo fof ina ndartini darnde ngam haɗde koloñaal Oropnaaɓe jokkude e njiimaandi ɓaleeɓe tokosɓe e nder Afrik worgo, ɗum noon ko huunde nde ɓe cuɓii e politik maɓɓe caggal leydi. Ngolɗoo sabaabu ina ɓeydoo wontude ngoƴa Obasanjo. Caggal nde Angolaa heɓti jeytaare mum e juuɗe Portigaal, wolde ɓesngu addi e leydi hee. Naajeeriya anndi laabi laamu ngu MPLA, fedde marxist en nde Dental Sowiyet walli, sabu laamu luulndiingu FNLA e UNITA ina mballita e laamu ɓaleeɓe tokosɓe to Afrik worgo. Ko jiidaa e rokkude MPLA ballal kaalis, Niiseer fuɗɗiima ƴattaade leyɗeele Afrik goɗɗe ngam kadi jaɓde njuɓɓudi MPLA, e fuɗɗoode hitaande 1976 ko ɓuri heewde e dowlaaji e nder Fedde Ngootaagu Afrik (OAU) mbaɗii ɗum. E lewru feebariyee 1976, Obasanjo ardii delegaasiyoŋ Najeriya ngam mawninde hitaande MPLA to Luanda, ɗo o wiyi : « ko ñalngu maantiniingu, ko ɗum fuɗɗoode hare sakkitiinde ngam haɓaade koloñaal, imperiyaalisma e njiyaagu e nder Afrik ». Warngo Murtala : 13 feebariyee 1976 E lewru feebariyee 1976, kolonel Buka Suka Dimka waɗi kuudetaa e laamu Nijeer, tawi ko ndeen Seneraal Murtala Muhammed waraa. Eɓɓoore kadi waɗaama e nguurndam Obasanjo, kono neɗɗo mo fotaani waraa. Dimka ŋakkiraa ballal mawngal e nder militeer en, kuudetaa makko ronki, ɗum addani mo dogde. Obasanjo tawtoraaki wirwirnde Murtala to Kano, kono o hollitii laamu nguu ina jogori yoɓde mahngo juulirde e nokku ɗo o wirnaa ɗoo. Caggal nde o waraa, Obasanjo tawtoraama batu Diiso Toowngo Konu. O hollitii yiɗde makko woppude laamu, kono Diiso ngoo heɓiino ɗaɓɓude yo o lomto Murtala e gardagol leydi ndii. Ko ɗum waɗi o wonti hooreejo diiso ngoo.E nder kulhuli makko e ɓeydagol eɓɓooji e nguurndam makko, Obasanjo naati e nder kasoo Dodan, tawi 39 neɗɗo tuumaaɗo wonde e nder kuudetaa Dimka mbaraa, ɗum jibini tuumeede wonde jaabawol Obasanjo ngol ina heewi. Ko Obasanjo woni hooreejo leydi ndi, o huniima jokkude dawrugol Murtala. Hooreejo leydi konu (1976-1979) Triumvirat konu E anndude kulhuli gonɗi e woɗɗude yimɓe woyla Naajeeriya, Obasanjo addi Seneraal Shehu Yar'Adua ngam lomtaade mo e ɗiɗaɓo e gardagol hooreejo konu, gardiiɗo jaagorɗe toowɗo timminoowo triumvirate militeer en, Obasanjo woni hooreejo leydi e Seneraal Theophilus Stajumabli ngam laamaade dow tato we- laamu konu. Obasanjo hirjinii jeewte e nanondiral hakkunde Diiso Toowngo Konu. Heewɓe ina kaawaa hol ko waɗi Obasanjo – hono Yoruba e Kerecee – toɗɗaade Yar’Adua, tergal e aristokraasi worgo, yo won gardiiɗo ɗiɗaɓo mum, wonaa banndiiko Yoruba Kerecee. Obasanjo teeŋtinii kulhuli ngenndiiji e dow ɗi diiwanuuji ɗii ; o hirjini sukaaɓe e mawɓe fof nde njanngata fodoore ngenndiire hesere ndee e jimɗi ngenndiiji ɗii. Nafoore heɓde miijooji ɓurɗi yaajde, ñalnde aset kala omo waɗa seminar mo alaa ko woni e mum so wonaa toɓɓere nde yimɓe ɓe ngonaa politikaaji e gollotooɓe laamu noddata. Ina jeyaa e ɓe o ɗaɓɓirta wasiyaaji mum en, annduɓe lislaam e mawɓe aadaaji. Politik faggudu Obasanjo wondude e hooreejo leydi Amerik biyeteeɗo Jimmy Carter to galle laamorɗo Amerik e hitaande 1977 E cakkital kitaale 1970, leydi Naajeeriya ina joginoo faggudu ɓurndu heewde doole, tawi noon ko 34% e inflation. Ngam haɓugo bee caɗeele faggudu lesdi Naajeeriya, Obasanjo tokki dabareeji cemmbiɗinki ceede ngam ustugo ceede laamu. E nder bidsee makko 1976, Obasanjo eɓɓi ustude njoɓdi laamu nguu fotde feccere, ustude eɓɓaaɗe tedduɗe, tawa ina ɓeyda njoɓdi jaŋde, cellal, galleeji, e ndema. O sosi kadi goomu ngam haɓaade inflation, e nder hitaande wootere caggal nde Obasanjo heɓi laamu, inflation ustii haa 30%. Obasanjo ina heewi yiɗde ñamlude kaalis, kono e ballal Banke Adunayankeewo e Fonds Monétaire International, Nijeer ƴetti ñamlude miliyaaruuji 1 dolaar e fedde bankeeji. Ɓeen ñiŋooɓe leftist en mbiyi wonde waɗde ɗum ina addana leydi ndii ɗooftaade kapitaalisma. E nder duuɓi ɗiɗi garooji ɗii, laamu Obasanjo, Nijeer ƴettii 4 983 miliyoŋ dolaar goɗɗo. Naajeeriya ina wondi e ɓeydagol fotde 3% hitaande kala e nder kitaale 1970, huunde nde fotnoo ɓeydaade fotde laabi ɗiɗi e nder duuɓi 25 seeɗa. Obasanjo teskiima caggal ɗuum wonde o anndaa ɗum e oon sahaa, sibu laamu makko alaa politik e ƴellitde yimɓe. Ɓeydagol yimɓe leydi Naajeeriya addani ɓe ɓeydaade yaawde e nder gure mawɗe e ŋakkeende cuuɗi e nder gure. Ngam haɓaade ɗum, bidsee Obasanjo e hitaande 1976 hollitii peeje mahngo 200 000 galle keso haa hitaande 1980, hay so tawii noon ko 28 500 tan mahaa.E hitaande 1976, laamu Obasanjo kadi hollitii wonde ina jogori ƴellitde renndo e cogguuli. Ngam haɓaade jiiɓru seppooji gollotooɓe, e hitaande 1976 laamu Obasanjo yaltinii sariyaaji cifotooɗi ko ɓuri heewde e gollorɗe mawɗe ko sarwisaaji baɗɗi faayiida, haɗi seppooji e nder mum en, yamiri nanngugol ardiiɓe senndikaaji jiiɓru. E hitaande 1978 nde hawriti senndikaaji 42 e nder fedde wootere nde gollotooɓe e leydi Nijeer. Obasanjo jokki bee taskaramji tati mawɗi ngam ndiyam haa woyla lesdi Naajeeriya ɗi arannde anndinaama les Murtala: taskaramji maayo Kano, taskaramji Bakalori, e taskaramji ndiyam Chad Sud. Laamu makko kadi jokki eɓɓooji ƴellitaare ndema puɗɗanooɗi to Funtua, Gusau, e Gombe. Won eɓɓaaɗe ƴellitgol laddeeji kadi puɗɗaama ngam haɗde njiimaandi Saharaa to bannge worgo. Ngam heɓde ko ɓuri heewde e ɗaɓɓaande leydi ndii e kuuraa, Obasanjo ardiima udditgol eɓɓaaɗe ɗiɗi kese ngam ƴellitde kuuraa e nder ndiyam e ƴulɓe. Industry petrol heddii ko huunde mawnde e faggudu leydi Naajeeriya e les laamu Obasanjo, ministeer petrol hawtii e fedde petroŋ leydi Naajeeriya ngam sosde fedde petroŋ leydi Naajeeriya (NNPC). Obasanjo kadi wallitii sosde lowre liggorde to Bonny, nde NNPC yoɓi 62% ; eɓɓaande ndee ko lomto makko woppi ɗum e nder ɓeydagol coodguuli. Obasanjo jokki kadi e peewnugol njuɓɓudi njamndi mboɗeeri Ajaokuta, eɓɓaande ndonaandi nde heewɓe e ñiŋooɓe e nder sarwisaaji laamu mbiyata ko nde waawataa huutoreede. ph96hjqk76wcdzowweo5kiyea3vgpwd 175738 175733 2026-06-22T19:46:22Z Ilya Discuss 10103 #1Lib1Ref 175738 wikitext text/x-wiki Mawɗo Olusegun Matthew Okikiola Ogunboye Aremu Obasanjo GCFR (// C; Yoruba: Olúṣẹ́gun Ọbásanjọ́ [ōlúʃɛ́ɡũ̄ ɔ̄básã̄d͡ʒɔ́] R; jibinaa ko c. ndema, e gonnooɗo seneraal konu gonnooɗo hooreejo leydi Naajeeriya gila 1976 haa 1979, caggal ɗuum o woni hooreejo leydi ndii gila 1999 haa 2007. To bannge miijo, ko o ngenndiyanke Naajeeriya, o jeyaa ko e lannda Demokaraasi Leƴƴi (PDP) gila 1998 haa 2019. Obasanjo jibinaa ko e wuro Ibogun-Olaogun, e nder galle remoowo, jeyaaɗo e leñol Owu, Obasanjo janngi ko ɓuri heewde e wuro wiyeteengo Abeokuta, to diiwaan Ogun. O naati konu leydi Naajeeriya, o janngi ko faati e inndeeji, o golliima to Konngo, Angalteer, e Inndo, o arti e darnde Major. E darorɗe kitaale 1960, o waɗii darnde mawnde e haɓaade seernaaɓe Biafra e nder wolde hakkunde leyɗeele Nijeer, o jaɓi dogde e hitaande 1970. E hitaande 1975, kuudetaa konu sosi junta e Obasanjo e nder laamu mum tati. Caggal nde hooreejo triumvirate, hono Murtala Muhammed, waraa e hitaande rewtunde ndee, Diiso toowngo konu toɗɗii Obasanjo hooreejo leydi ndii. Jokkude politik Murtala, Obasanjo ƴeewtindiima taƴgol bidsee e yaajnude jaŋde ekkolaaji ɗi ngalaa njoɓdi. Ɓesdugo hawtuki lesdi Naajeeriya bee lesdi Amerika, o teddini kadi ballal pelle luutndiiɗe laamu ɓaleeɓe pamari nder Afrika woylaare. Obasanjo ɗon mari haaje wartirgo demokaraasi, o ardi woote 1979, ɓaawo man o hokki laamu lesdi Naajeeriya haa hooreejo lesdi siwil keso, Shehu Shagari. Ndeen Obasanjo artii e golle mum to Ota, Ogun, ɗo o wonti demoowo, o yaltini defte nay, o tawtoraama eɓɓooji winndereeji ngam joofnude hareeji Afrik ceertuɗi. E hitaande 1993, Sani Abacha heɓti laamu e kuudetaa konu. Obasanjo ina ñiŋa laamu Abacha e peeñcu, e hitaande 1995 o nanngaa, o ñaawaa wonde o jeyaa ko e kuudetaa peewnaaɗo, hay so tawii o seppii wonde o alaa ella. Nde o woni e kasoo ndee, o wonti Kerecee’en jibinaaɗo, tawi ko providentialism ina tiiɗtini no feewi e yi’annde makko aduna caggal ɗuum. O woppitaama caggal maayde Abacha e hitaande 1998. Obasanjo naati e politik wooteeji, o wonti kanndidaa PDP e wooteeji hooreleydaagu 1999, ɗi o dañi. Ko o hooreejo leydi, o woppi politik militeer en, kamɓe ɗiɗo fof ɓe njaajni polis, ɓe moofti konu ngam haɓaade fitinaaji leƴƴi, diineeji, e seernaaɓe jaajɗi. O itti sooje'en lesdi Naajeeriya diga lesdi Siyeraa Leone, o hokki hukuumaaji pamari feere-feere ngam ustugo ceede lesdi ndi'i. O artiraa e woote 2003. E nder miijooji Pan-Afrik, o woniino daraniiɗo no feewi sosde Dental Afrik, o woniino hooreejo mayre tuggi 2004 haa 2006. Eɓɓooje Obasanjo ngam waylude doosɗe leydi ngam ittude keeri manndaa hooreejo leydi, ɗe njahraani no haanirta nii, ɗe ngaddani ɗum ñiŋooje. Caggal nde o woppi golle, o heɓi doktoraa makko e ganndal diine to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde National Open to leydi Najeriya. Nguurndam gadano Baaba Olusegun Obasanjo, Obasanjo Bankole, jeyaa ko e ardiiɓe hoɗɓe e sosɓe wuro Igbogun Olaogun e fuɗɗoode kitaale 1920. Hay so tawii ko o demoowo keewɗo jawdi, o jom jawdi en, omo hiisee wonde miskiino sabu o jeyaaka e yimɓe jannguɓe e nder leydi Yoruba. Bankole hawri e Bernice Ashabi, njulaagu tokooso to Igbogun, kamɓe ɗiɗo fof ɓe resndi. Ɓeeɗoo ɗiɗo ina njogii ɓiɓɓe ɗiɗo heddiiɓe e nder jeegom : Olusegun e Adunni Oluwola, miñiiko debbo gooto. E wiyde paaspoor makko, Olusegun Obasanjo jibinaa ko ñalnde 5 marse 1937 hay so tawii noon alaa ko winndaa e mum hannde, ñalngu nguu ko limto ɓadiiɗo. Olusegun ko jeyaaɗo e Laamu Owu. O mawni ko e Baptiste. Debbo makko caggal mum naati lislaam ngam resde gorko juulɗo.[9] E duuɓi sappo e go'o, o naati duɗal leslesal wuro ngo,[10] caggal duuɓi tati, e hitaande 1951, o naati duɗal Baptist Day to nokku Owu to Abeokuta.[11] E hitaande 1952 o arti e duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde sukaaɓe Baptist,[12] kadi e nder wuro ngo. Feccere e njoɓdi duɗal makko ko dokke laamu.[13] Obasanjo waɗii ko moƴƴi e jaŋde,[14] e nder duɗal o wonti Boy Scout keewɗo faayiida.[15] Hay so tawii alaa ko holliti wonde e oon sahaa o tawtoraama kala pelle politik,[15] ko e nder duɗal hakkundeewal Obasanjo salii innde makko adannde "Matthew" ngam wonde golle luulndiiɗe koloñaal.[16] E nder ɗuum, baaba Obasanjo woppi debbo mum e sukaaɓe mum ɗiɗo.[17] Nde o yani e baasal, yumma Obasanjo ina foti golloraade njulaagu ngam wuurde.[15] Ngam yoɓugo ceede janngirde maako, Obasanjo ɗon huuwa haa gese kakawo e kola, ɗon ligga, ɗon mooɓa leɗɗe, ɗon sooda ceene mahooɓe. E nder balɗe udditgol duɗal ngal kadi o golliima e duɗal ngal, omo taƴa huɗo e golle juuɗe goɗɗe.[18] E hitaande 1956, Obasanjo waɗi jaŋde mum hakkundeere, caggal nde o ñamli kaalis ngam yoɓde njoɓdi naatgol.[19] E oon hitaande kadi, o fuɗɗii jokkondirde e Oluremi Akinlawon, ɓiy Owu mawɗo station. Ɓe ndarniino dewgal haa hitaande 1958.[20] O yalti duɗal, o fayi Ibadan, o ƴetti golle jannginde. Ko ɗoon o jooɗii e ekzamen naatgol to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Ibadan, kono hay so o jaɓii o tawi o waawaa yoɓde njoɓdi jaŋde.[19] Ndeen Obasanjo fellitii jokkude golle mum e nder konu leydi Najeriya, ngam heɓde ngal gollal, e hitaande 1958 o jaabiima eɓɓoore ngam janngude ofiseeji cadet e nder konu leydi Najeriya.[21][22] Fuɗɗoode golle konu (1958-1966) Heblo konu: 1958-1959 E lewru marse 1958, Obasanjo naati e konu leydi Najeriya.[23] O yi’i ɗum ko fartaŋŋe jokkude jaŋde makko tawa omo heɓa njoɓdi;[24] o humpitaaki ɗoon e ɗoon ɓesngu makko, o hulii wonde jibnaaɓe makko ina njaɓa ɗum.[25] Ko e oon sahaa konu leydi Najeriya ina jokki e juuɗe laamu koloñaal leydi Najeriya, ngam heblude ndimaagu leydi Najeriya timmungu, kadi ina waɗi eɓɓooje ngam heɓde yimɓe leydi Najeriya ɓurɓe heewde e nder darnde konu mum.[25] Ndeen o neldaama to duɗal jaŋde ofiseeji jooɗɗi to Teshie to leydi Gana.[23] Nde o woni caggal leydi, o neldi ɓataakeeji e dokke to jom suudu makko to leydi Najeriya.[20] E lewru suwee 1958, o suɓaa ngam ɓeydaade heblo lebbi jeegom to duɗal Mons Officer Cadet to Aldershot, to fuɗnaange Angalteer. Obasanjo yiɗaa ɗum toon, o sikkatnoo ko ɗum juɓɓule njiyaagu e njiyaagu, o tawi ina saɗi ko jokkondiri e dumunna Engele ɓurɗo toowde e ɓuuɓde.[26] Nde semmbini miijooji makko bonɗi e laamu Biritaan e hakke mum laamaade e dow laamuuji mum koloñaal en.[24] To Mons, o heɓi komisoŋ e seedantaagal to bannge innde. Nde Obasanjo woni to leydi Angalteer, yumma mum maayi. Baaba makko ndeen maayi ko hitaande caggal ɗuum.[27] E hitaande 1959, Obasanjo arti Nijeer. Ko ɗoon o artiraa to Kaduna, o woni subaltern infanterie e bataliyoŋ joyaɓo.[27] Wakkati maako haa Kaduna woni wakkati arandejum nde Obasanjo jooɗi haa nokkure nde juulɓe ɗuuɗi.[27] Ko nde o woni toon, e lewru Oktoobar 1960, leydi Nijeer wonti leydi ndimaagu.[28][22] Kiiriis Konngo: 1960-1961 Ƴeew kadi: Kiriis Konngo Caggal ɗuum seeɗa, bataliyoŋ joyaɓo neldaa to Konngo ngam jeyeede e konu Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe ngam haɓaade jam. Ko ɗoon bataliyoŋ oo woni e nder diiwaan Kivu, tawi ko ɗoon woni Bukavu.[28] To leydi Konngo, Obasanjo e woɗɓe ina njoginoo darnde reende siwil en, haa arti noon e leñol Belsik, e soldateeɓe murtuɓe e laamu Patrice Lumumba.[28] E lewru feebariyee 1961, Obasanjo nanngaa e juuɗe murtuɓe nde o ummotoo e misiyoŋaaji katolik en e nder dingiral sara Bukavu. Mutinooɓe ɓee miijinoo ko warde mo kono ɓe njamiraama yo ɓe njaltu. E lewru mee 1961, bataliyoŋ joyaɓo ummii Konngo, arti Najeriya.[28] E nder wolde nde, o toɗɗaama kapiteen wakkati.[24] O teskiima caggal ɗuum wonde sahaa mo o woni e Konngo oo ina semmbina "fervour pan-africain" bataliyoŋ makko.[28] Gartugol e leydi Konngo: 1961-1966 Nde o arti, Obasanjo soodi oto makko gadano, o naati e opitaal ko juuti sabu rafi reedu. Nde o selli, o artiraa e Korse Innjiniyaaruuji konu. E hitaande 1962 o jooɗii to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Royal College to Angalteer. Ko ɗoon o ɓuri waawde, o siforaa ko "almuudo Commonwealth ɓurɗo waawde". Oon hitaande, o yoɓi Akinlawon ngam yahde Londres ɗo o waawi naatde e kursus heblo. Ɓeeɗoo ɗiɗo resndi ɗum ko e lewru suwee 1963 to biro binnditagol Camberwell Green, ɓe nganndini ɓesnguuji maɓɓe tan caggal nde ɓe mbaɗi hiirde ndee.E ndeen hitaande, Obasanjo yamiraama yo o hoot to leydi Nijeer, hay so tawii debbo makko ina heddii to Londres duuɓi tati goɗɗi ngam timminde jaŋde makko. Nde o naati Naajeeriya, Obasanjo hoosi ardungal konu Innjiniyaaruuji ladde, jooɗiiɗum haa Kaduna. E nder konu, Obasanjo ina jokki e yahrude yeeso e nder darɗe, o wonti mawɗo e hitaande 1965. O huutoriima ngalu makko ngam soodde leydi, e fuɗɗoode kitaale 1960 o heɓi jawdi to Ibadan, Kaduna, e Lagos. E hitaande 1965, Obasanjo neldaa leydi Inndo. E nder laawol, o yilliima debbo makko to Londres. To leydi Indiya, o janngi to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde toppitiingal ko fayti e cellal to Wellington, caggal ɗuum to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Innjiniyaaruuji to Poona. Obasanjo hulɓinii e heege nde o seedtii e nder leydi Indiya hay so tawii o ƴettii nafoore e pinal leydi ndii, huunde nde addani mo janngude defte diineeji nannditooji. Hare nder leydi Naajeeriya Winndannde mawnde: Hare nder leydi Najeriya Golle makko ko adii wolde hakkunde leyɗeele: 1966-1967 Obasanjo ummi Naajeeriya nder lewru January hitaande 1966 ngam heɓugo lesdi ndi'i nder kuudetaa konu ngu Major Emmanuel Ifeajuna ardii. Obasanjo ina jeyaa e jeertinɓe wonde ngonka kaa ina waawi jippaade e wolde nder leydi.O hollitii wonde maa o won hakkunde ƴaañooɓe kuudetaa e laamu siwil, ngu rokki laamu nguu e juuɗe hooreejo konu Johnson Aguiyi-Ironsi. Nde kuudetaa oo ronki, Olusegun hawri e Ironsi to Lagos. Ironsi ɓooyaani ko timmini fedde nde e nder leydi Najeriya rewrude e yamiroore mum kawral e lewru mee 1966, huunde nde ɓuuɓni jiiɓru leƴƴi. E darorɗe lewru sulyee, kuudetaa ɗiɗmo waɗi. To wuro Ibadan, sooja'en iwdi woyla lesdi Naajeeriya ɗon ƴama, ɓe mbari Ironsi, ɓe mbari fodde teemeɗɗe ɗiɗi sooje'en ko ɓuri ɗuuɗugo ɓe iwdi lesdi Naajeeriya. Seneraal Yaakubu Gowon heɓti laamu. Nde ooɗoo kuudetaa waɗata nde Obasanjo wonnoo ko to Maiduguri. Nande ɗum, o yaawi hootde Kaduna. Ko ɗoon o tawi konu worgo ummoriiɗo e bataliyoŋ tataɓo ina ronka, ina torloo, ina wara soldateeɓe Igbo en. Gomnaajo lesdi Naajeeriya, Hassan Katsina, annditi dow koo ngam Olusegun naa Igbo, bana no o woni mo woylaare lesdi Naajeeriya, o ɗon nder ɓilla haa sooja'en murtuɓe. Ngam reenaade ɓe, Katsina neldi Olusegun e debbo mum ngarta Maiduguri balɗe sappo, tawi fitinaaji ɗii ina ustoo. Caggal ɗuum, Obasanjo neldi debbo mum to Lagos, tawi omo hoota Kaduna kanko e hoore makko, o woni ɗoon haa lewru Yarkomaa 1967. E oon sahaa ko kanko woni ofisee Yoruba ɓurɗo mawnude tawaaɗo to bannge worgo. E lewru Yarkomaa 1967, Obasanjo toɗɗaama to Lagos ngam wonde mawɗo Injineer konu.Hare hakkunde leƴƴi Igbo e leƴƴi worgo ina jokki e ɓeydaade, e lewru mee, ofisee konu Igbo C. Odumegwu Ojukwu hollitii jeytaare nokkuuji ɓurɗi heewde Igbo e nder fuɗnaange-rewo leydi Bi. Ñalnde 3 lewru juko, laamu leydi Najeriya neldi Obasanjo to Ibadan ngam wonde hooreejo leydi Hirnaange.Hare hakkunde konu leydi Najeriya e seernaaɓe Biafran fuɗɗii ko ñalnde 6 lewru juko. Ñalnde 9 sulyee, Ojukwu neldi koloñaal konu Biafra dow pont Niiseer ngam yiɗde heɓtude Mid-West, nokku ɗo ɓe mbaawi ummoraade Lagos. Obasanjo yiɗiino uddude laabi jahduɗi e wuro ngo. Komandaajo Yoruba biyeteeɗo Victor Banjo, ardinooɗo konu njanngu Biafran, etinooma waawnude Obasanjo yoo ɓe njaltu, kono o salii. Kuugal konu lesdi: 1967-1970 "Kolonel Olu Obasanjo, gardinooɗo diɗɗal tataɓal". Jaaynde Naajeeriya keso, hello 7, 12 lewru Yarkomaa 1970. Gagga hare nder leydi Naajeeriya e Biafra. Ndeen Obasanjo toɗɗaama hooreejo caggal diɗɗal ɗiɗaɓal Murtala Muhammed, gollotoongal to Mid-Ouest. Obasanjo woni ko e jooɗaade to Ibadan, ko kañum halfinaa Division ɗiɗaɓo oo jogaade kaɓirɗe. E nder wuro ngo, Obasanjo jannginii course ganndal konu to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Ibadan, o mahi jokkondiral makko e nder elite Yoruba. E nder wolde nde, wonno ko jiiɓru mawndu e nder Dowla Hirnaange, ngam daɗde e ɗeen caɗeele, Obasanjo woppi golle mum e nder Diiso doosɗe Hirnaange.Nde Obasanjo woɗɗi Ibadan e lewru noowammbar 1968, gure jogiiɗe kaɓirɗe ɗe fedde remooɓe Agbekoya moofti, njani e galle laamorɗo Ibadan. Konuuji ɗii njaabtii, mbari sappo e fitinaaji ɗii. Nde Obasanjo arti o yamiri yo ñaawirde ƴeewto kewuuji ɗii. Yamiroore konu: 1967-1970 "Kolonel Olu Obasanjo, gardinooɗo diɗɗal tataɓal". Jaaynde Naajeeriya keso, hello 7, 12 lewru Yarkomaa 1970. Gagga hare nder leydi Naajeeriya e Biafra. Ndeen Obasanjo toɗɗaama hooreejo caggal diɗɗal ɗiɗaɓal Murtala Muhammed, gollotoongal to Mid-Ouest. Obasanjo ina jooɗii to Ibadan, ko kañum halfinaa Division ɗiɗaɓo oo jogaade kaɓirɗe. E nder wuro ngo, Obasanjo jannginii course ganndal konu to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Ibadan, o mahi jokkondiral makko e nder elite Yoruba. E nder wolde nde, wonno ko jiiɓru mawndu e nder Dowla Hirnaange, ngam daɗde e ɗeen geɗe, Obasanjo woppi golle e nder Diiso doosɗe Dowla Hirnaange. Nde Obasanjo woɗɗi Ibadan e lewru noowammbar 1968, wuro ngo ina jogii balɗe, ngo fedde remooɓe Agbekoya moofti, yani e galle laamorɗo Ibadan. Konuuji ɗii njaabtii, mbari sappo e fitinaaji ɗii. Nde Obasanjo arti o yamiri yo ñaawirde ƴeewto kewuuji ɗii. Gowon felliti lomtaade Kolonel Benjamin Adekunle, ardinooɗo njanngu Biafra, kono ina haani Yoruba mawɗo goɗɗo. O suɓii ko Obasanjo, hay so tawii noon o alaa humpito hare. Obasanjo arii Port Harcourt ngam heɓtude golle ɗee ñalnde 16 mee 1969 ; o ardii hannde hakkunde 35 000 e 40 000 soldaat. O waɗii jonte jeegom gadane ɗee ko e riiwtude njangu Biafran e Aba. O yilliima kala nokku e yeeso, o gaañiiɗo e waɗde ɗum. Ɗee golle ngaddi mo innde cuusal e nder worɓe makko E lewru desaambar, Obasanjo fuɗɗii golle Finishing Touch, yamiri konu mum yo yahru yeeso feewde Umuahia, ngu ɓe ƴetti ñalnde Natal. Ɗum taƴii Biafra e feccere. Ñalnde 7 lewru Yarkomaa 1970, o ummini ndeen « Operation Tail-Wind », o heɓti laana ndiwoowa Uli ñalnde 12 lewru Yarkomaa. E oon sahaa, ardiiɓe Biafran njaɓi yoɓde. Ñalnde 13 lewru nduu, Obasanjo jokkondiri e komandaajo konu Biafran biyeteeɗo Philip Effiong. Obasanjo wi'i sooja'en Biafran hokka balmi maɓɓe, nden boo suɓol ardiiɓe lesdi ndi'i ɗon yaha Lagos, ɓe hokka Gowon dow laawol. Janngo mum, Obasanjo haali e rajo diiwaan oo, o wiyi ɓiɓɓe leydi ndi yo njokku e galleeji mum en, o dartina kisal mum en. Biafranaaɓe heewɓe e jaayɗe goɗɗe ina kuli wonde konu leydi Najeriya ina waawi waɗde bonanndeeji keewɗi e yimɓe foolɓe ɓee, hay so tawii noon Obasanjo ina yiɗi haɗde ɗum. O yamiri konu makko e nder diiwaan hee yo heddo e nder galleeji mum en, jokkude wonde polis nokku oo ina foti ƴettude kuule ngam ƴellitde sariya e deeƴre. Division tataɓo, ɓurɗo woɗɗude, waɗii hareeji warngooji e yimɓe nokku oo. Obasanjo ina tiiɗi e waɗooɓe bonannde ndee, sibu waɗɓe warngooji ɗii mberlaama, waɗɓe warngooji ɗii mbardaa. Laamu Gowon waɗi Obasanjo kalfinaaɗo naatnude Biafra e nder leydi Najeriya, e nder oon darnde o heɓi teddungal ngam teeŋtinde mawngu. Ko o injenieer, o teeŋtinii artirde jolngo ndiyam ; haa lewru mee 1970 gure mawɗe diiwaan oo fof njokkondirii e jolngo ndiyam. Darnde Obasanjo e timminde wolde nde waɗi mo jaambaaro wolde, kadi ko o neɗɗo ganndiraaɗo e nder leydi Najeriya. Kuugal maako ɓaawo konu lesdi: 1970-1975 E lewru suwee 1970, Obasanjo arti Abeokuta, jamaanu jaɓɓii mo no jaambaaro garoowo nii. Ndeen o neldaama to Lagos, o woni Brigadier gardinooɗo Korse Innjiniyankooɓe. E lewru oktoobar, Gowon hollitii wonde laamu militeer en ina rokka laamu nguu laamu siwil e hitaande 1976. E nder ɗuum, haɗde lanndaaji politik ina heddii e doole ; Gowon yahri yeeso seeɗa e sosde laamu siwil. E les laamu sooja'en, Obasanjo jooɗi nder goomu limngal sooja'en lesdi Naajeeriya, ko laarani limngal sooja'en lesdi Naajeeriya nder duuɓi 1970. E hitaande 1974 Obasanjo yahi to leydi Angalteer ngam janngude to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Royal College to bannge diine. Nde o arti, e lewru Yarkomaa 1975 Gowon toɗɗii mo Komisariyaa Golle e Koɗki, golle ɗe o joginoo fotde lebbi jeeɗiɗi, e nder ɗuum o ɓuri waawde mahde kaɓirɗe konu. E hitaande 1970, Obasanjo soodi sosiyatee Libannaajo ɓooyɗo to Ibadan, o gollini heen awokaa ngam ƴellitde ɗum. E hitaande 1973 o winnditii fedde wiyeteende Temperance Enterprises Limited, nde o waawi waɗde heen golle njulaagu caggal nde o woppi golle konu. O jokki kadi e waɗde heen jawdi ; e hitaande 1974 o joginoo galleeji ɗiɗi to Lagos e gooto fof to Ibadan e Abeokuta. Haalaaji ummii wonde Obasanjo ina jokki e waɗde njulaagu nguu ina ɓeydoo yaajde e nder leydi Najeriya, hay so tawii noon alaa ko holliti ɗum ko laaɓti. Dewgal makko e Oluremi wonti caɗeele nde o salii jokkondiral makko e rewɓe woɗɓe. E cakkital kitaale 1970 dewgal maɓɓe fusi. E hitaande 1976 o resi Stella Abebe e nder kewu aadaaji Yoruba. E nder laamu Murtala Kuudetaa 1975 e caggal mum Binndanɗe mawɗe: Kuudetaa laamu Nijeer e hitaande 1975 e Kawtal konu Nijeer (1966–1979) E lewru sulyee 1975, kuudetaa e gardagol Shehu Muusaa Yar’Adua e Yuusuf Garba liɓi Gowon, o dogi fayti Angalteer. Ɓe kaalaani Obasanjo e peeje maɓɓe nde tawnoo omo anndiraa wonde kuudetaa ko kuutorgal waylude laamu. Kuudetaaji ɗii njiɗnoo ko lomtinde laamu otokaraasi Gowon nguu e laamu tati (triumvirate) brigadieruuji tati ɗi Diiso Toowngo Konu ina waawi haɗde kuule mum en. Ngalɗoo laamu tati, ɓe cemmbini Seneraal Murtala Muhammed yo won hooreejo leydi, Obasanjo woni ɗiɗaɓo e gardagol mum, Danjuma woni tataɓo. Daartoowo biyeteeɗo John Iliffe teskiima wonde e nder triumvirate, Obasanjo ko « puccu gollordu e ngaandi » , ko kanko ɓuri yaawde hootde e laamu siwil. E nder heen, triumvirate oo naatni peeje ustude ngalu ngam haɗde inflation, sosi Biro toppitiiɗo ko fayti e golle bonɗe, lomtini guwerneeruuji militeer en ɗii fof ofiseeji kesi, ɓe cifotoo ko Obasanjo woni hooreejo konu, ɓe puɗɗii "Operation Deadwood" mo ɓe ndartini ofiseeji civil 11,000. Mawɗo gollordu, suudu sarɗiiji: 1975–76 E lewru oktoobar 1975, laamu nguu hollitii peeje ngam waɗde woote ɗe mbaɗata ngam laamu siwil e lewru oktoobar 1979. Ngu hollitii kadi peeje ngam sosde goomu ngam ƴettude doosgal leydi kesal, tawi ko Obasanjo ɓuri waawde suɓaade terɗe goomu nguu 49. E dow wasiyaaji Komiseer Irifeke, laamu nguu hollitii kadi sosde dowlaaji jeeɗiɗi kesi ; e dow tiiɗnaare Obasanjo, Abeokuta ina foti wonde laamorgo gooto e ɗeen dowlaaji kesi, hono Ogun. Kadi dow wasiyaaji komitiiru ndun, ɓe anndini anniyaaji seeɗa-seeɗa ngam wurtinki laamorgo lesdi Naajeeriya diga Lagos haa Abuja ɓurduɗum caka. E lewru Yarkomaa 1976, Obasanjo e Danjuma fof ƴettaa e jappeere Lietnaa-Seneraal. Murtala e Obasanjo fof ina ndartini darnde ngam haɗde koloñaal Oropnaaɓe jokkude e njiimaandi ɓaleeɓe tokosɓe e nder Afrik worgo, ɗum noon ko huunde nde ɓe cuɓii e politik maɓɓe caggal leydi. Ngolɗoo sabaabu ina ɓeydoo wontude ngoƴa Obasanjo. Caggal nde Angolaa heɓti jeytaare mum e juuɗe Portigaal, wolde ɓesngu addi e leydi hee. Naajeeriya anndi laabi laamu ngu MPLA, fedde marxist en nde Dental Sowiyet walli, sabu laamu luulndiingu FNLA e UNITA ina mballita e laamu ɓaleeɓe tokosɓe to Afrik worgo. Ko jiidaa e rokkude MPLA ballal kaalis, Niiseer fuɗɗiima ƴattaade leyɗeele Afrik goɗɗe ngam kadi jaɓde njuɓɓudi MPLA, e fuɗɗoode hitaande 1976 ko ɓuri heewde e dowlaaji e nder Fedde Ngootaagu Afrik (OAU) mbaɗii ɗum. E lewru feebariyee 1976, Obasanjo ardii delegaasiyoŋ Najeriya ngam mawninde hitaande MPLA to Luanda, ɗo o wiyi : « ko ñalngu maantiniingu, ko ɗum fuɗɗoode hare sakkitiinde ngam haɓaade koloñaal, imperiyaalisma e njiyaagu e nder Afrik ». Warngo Murtala : 13 feebariyee 1976 E lewru feebariyee 1976, kolonel Buka Suka Dimka waɗi kuudetaa e laamu Nijeer, tawi ko ndeen Seneraal Murtala Muhammed waraa. Eɓɓoore kadi waɗaama e nguurndam Obasanjo, kono neɗɗo mo fotaani waraa. Dimka ŋakkiraa ballal mawngal e nder militeer en, kuudetaa makko ronki, ɗum addani mo dogde. Obasanjo tawtoraaki wirwirnde Murtala to Kano, kono o hollitii laamu nguu ina jogori yoɓde mahngo juulirde e nokku ɗo o wirnaa ɗoo. Caggal nde o waraa, Obasanjo tawtoraama batu Diiso Toowngo Konu. O hollitii yiɗde makko woppude laamu, kono Diiso ngoo heɓiino ɗaɓɓude yo o lomto Murtala e gardagol leydi ndii. Ko ɗum waɗi o wonti hooreejo diiso ngoo.E nder kulhuli makko e ɓeydagol eɓɓooji e nguurndam makko, Obasanjo naati e nder kasoo Dodan, tawi 39 neɗɗo tuumaaɗo wonde e nder kuudetaa Dimka mbaraa, ɗum jibini tuumeede wonde jaabawol Obasanjo ngol ina heewi. Ko Obasanjo woni hooreejo leydi ndi, o huniima jokkude dawrugol Murtala. Hooreejo leydi konu (1976-1979) Triumvirat konu E anndude kulhuli gonɗi e woɗɗude yimɓe woyla Naajeeriya, Obasanjo addi Seneraal Shehu Yar'Adua ngam lomtaade mo e ɗiɗaɓo e gardagol hooreejo konu, gardiiɗo jaagorɗe toowɗo timminoowo triumvirate militeer en, Obasanjo woni hooreejo leydi e Seneraal Theophilus Stajumabli ngam laamaade dow tato we- laamu konu. Obasanjo hirjinii jeewte e nanondiral hakkunde Diiso Toowngo Konu. Heewɓe ina kaawaa hol ko waɗi Obasanjo – hono Yoruba e Kerecee – toɗɗaade Yar’Adua, tergal e aristokraasi worgo, yo won gardiiɗo ɗiɗaɓo mum, wonaa banndiiko Yoruba Kerecee. Obasanjo teeŋtinii kulhuli ngenndiiji e dow ɗi diiwanuuji ɗii ; o hirjini sukaaɓe e mawɓe fof nde njanngata fodoore ngenndiire hesere ndee e jimɗi ngenndiiji ɗii. Nafoore heɓde miijooji ɓurɗi yaajde, ñalnde aset kala omo waɗa seminar mo alaa ko woni e mum so wonaa toɓɓere nde yimɓe ɓe ngonaa politikaaji e gollotooɓe laamu noddata. Ina jeyaa e ɓe o ɗaɓɓirta wasiyaaji mum en, annduɓe lislaam e mawɓe aadaaji. Politik faggudu Obasanjo wondude e hooreejo leydi Amerik biyeteeɗo Jimmy Carter to galle laamorɗo Amerik e hitaande 1977 E cakkital kitaale 1970, leydi Naajeeriya ina joginoo faggudu ɓurndu heewde doole, tawi noon ko 34% e inflation. Ngam haɓugo bee caɗeele faggudu lesdi Naajeeriya, Obasanjo tokki dabareeji cemmbiɗinki ceede ngam ustugo ceede laamu. E nder bidsee makko 1976, Obasanjo eɓɓi ustude njoɓdi laamu nguu fotde feccere, ustude eɓɓaaɗe tedduɗe, tawa ina ɓeyda njoɓdi jaŋde, cellal, galleeji, e ndema. O sosi kadi goomu ngam haɓaade inflation, e nder hitaande wootere caggal nde Obasanjo heɓi laamu, inflation ustii haa 30%. Obasanjo ina heewi yiɗde ñamlude kaalis, kono e ballal Banke Adunayankeewo e Fonds Monétaire International, Nijeer ƴetti ñamlude miliyaaruuji 1 dolaar e fedde bankeeji. Ɓeen ñiŋooɓe leftist en mbiyi wonde waɗde ɗum ina addana leydi ndii ɗooftaade kapitaalisma. E nder duuɓi ɗiɗi garooji ɗii, laamu Obasanjo, Nijeer ƴettii 4 983 miliyoŋ dolaar goɗɗo. Naajeeriya ina wondi e ɓeydagol fotde 3% hitaande kala e nder kitaale 1970, huunde nde fotnoo ɓeydaade fotde laabi ɗiɗi e nder duuɓi 25 seeɗa. Obasanjo teskiima caggal ɗuum wonde o anndaa ɗum e oon sahaa, sibu laamu makko alaa politik e ƴellitde yimɓe. Ɓeydagol yimɓe leydi Naajeeriya addani ɓe ɓeydaade yaawde e nder gure mawɗe e ŋakkeende cuuɗi e nder gure. Ngam haɓaade ɗum, bidsee Obasanjo e hitaande 1976 hollitii peeje mahngo 200 000 galle keso haa hitaande 1980, hay so tawii noon ko 28 500 tan mahaa.E hitaande 1976, laamu Obasanjo kadi hollitii wonde ina jogori ƴellitde renndo e cogguuli. Ngam haɓaade jiiɓru seppooji gollotooɓe, e hitaande 1976 laamu Obasanjo yaltinii sariyaaji cifotooɗi ko ɓuri heewde e gollorɗe mawɗe ko sarwisaaji baɗɗi faayiida, haɗi seppooji e nder mum en, yamiri nanngugol ardiiɓe senndikaaji jiiɓru. E hitaande 1978 nde hawriti senndikaaji 42 e nder fedde wootere nde gollotooɓe e leydi Nijeer. Obasanjo jokki bee taskaramji tati mawɗi ngam ndiyam haa woyla lesdi Naajeeriya ɗi arannde anndinaama les Murtala: taskaramji maayo Kano, taskaramji Bakalori, e taskaramji ndiyam Chad Sud. Laamu makko kadi jokki eɓɓooji ƴellitaare ndema puɗɗanooɗi to Funtua, Gusau, e Gombe. Won eɓɓaaɗe ƴellitgol laddeeji kadi puɗɗaama ngam haɗde njiimaandi Saharaa to bannge worgo. Ngam heɓde ko ɓuri heewde e ɗaɓɓaande leydi ndii e kuuraa, Obasanjo ardiima udditgol eɓɓaaɗe ɗiɗi kese ngam ƴellitde kuuraa e nder ndiyam e ƴulɓe. Industry petrol heddii ko huunde mawnde e faggudu leydi Naajeeriya e les laamu Obasanjo, ministeer petrol hawtii e fedde petroŋ leydi Naajeeriya ngam sosde fedde petroŋ leydi Naajeeriya (NNPC). Obasanjo kadi wallitii sosde lowre liggorde to Bonny, nde NNPC yoɓi 62% ; eɓɓaande ndee ko lomto makko woppi ɗum e nder ɓeydagol coodguuli. Obasanjo jokki kadi e peewnugol njuɓɓudi njamndi mboɗeeri Ajaokuta, eɓɓaande ndonaandi nde heewɓe e ñiŋooɓe e nder sarwisaaji laamu mbiyata ko nde waawataa huutoreede. E nder cakkital kitaale 1970, Naajeeriya kadi ina wondi e ustaare ndema, ko ɗum huunde nde laamuuji jokkondirɗi ɗii njiyti ko ɓuri hoybude e naatde e nguura e nder leydi ndii. E lewru mee 1976, Obasanjo fuɗɗii « Operation Feed the Nation » (Operation Feed the Nation), woni eɓɓaande ngam wuurtinde ndema tokoosa, tawi ina jeyaa heen yoɓeede almudɓe ngam remde e nder balɗe juulde. Eɓɓaande ndee ina waɗi kadi momtugol njoɓɗeele e nguura jawdi e kaɓirɗe ndema, e ballal kuutoragol tovo ngo, e ustude njoɓɗeele ndema. E lewru marse 1978, Obasanjo yaltini kuulal kuutoragol leydi ndi rokki laamu nguu hakkeeji jeyi leydi e dow leydi ndii kala. Ɗum waɗiraa ko ngam haɗde njulaagu leydi e njulaagu leydi, kadi addani ɗum yetteede e bannge nano leydi Najeriya hay so tawii noon ko galleeji keewɗi jogiiɗi leydi njiɗaa ɗum. Obasanjo yiyri ɗum ko e geɗe teeŋtuɗe laamu mum. Obasanjo wallitorii reentaade Gowon ngam waɗde heen jawdi mum caggal leydi, o jokki e ɗeen politikaaji. Politik faggudu ngenndiyankaagal e nder sekteeruuji teeŋtuɗi ina usta njulaagu keeriiɗo, ɗum addani ɗum ustude njulaagu, hay so tawii noon daraniiɓe ɗum ɓee ina njetta Obasanjo ngam dartinde diisnondiral kaalis so renndinaama e ardiiɓe mum. Politikuuji nder leydi O (Obasanjo) jokki e ƴamol jaŋde leslesre winndereyankoore e nder leydi Najeriya, politik ronkaama e Gowon. O naatini sariya jaŋde leslesre e hitaande 1976 ; hakkunde 1975–76 e 1979–80, binnditagol e duɗe leslese ɗe njoɓaaka kono ɗe njiɗaa, ɓeydiima gila e miliyoŋaaji 6 haa 12,5 miliyoŋ, hay so tawii noon jannginooɓe e kaɓirɗe ina ŋakki ngam waawde huutoraade ɗaɓɓaande ndee. E hitaande jaŋde 1977–78, Obasanjo naatni jaŋde hakkundeere nde alaa ko yoɓetee e fannuuji karallaagal, huunde nde yaajnaa e denndaangal jaŋde hakkundeere e hitaande 1979–80. E oon sahaa gooto, leydi Naajeeriya ustii kaalis jaŋde toownde ; e hitaande 1978 nde woppi rokkude ñamaale almudɓe, nde ɓeydi fotde laabi tati njoɓdi nguura e hoɗorde duɗe jaaɓi haaɗtirde. Seppooji janngooɓe mbaɗi e nder gure keewɗe, waɗii warngooji baɗnooɗi e nder wuro Lagos e Zaria. E nder jaabawol fitinaaji ɗii, Obasanjo udditi duɗe jaaɓi-haaɗtirde keewɗe, haɗi golle politik e nder duɗe jaaɓi-haaɗtirde, haɗi kadi fedde janngooɓe leydi Najeriya. Tiiɗnaare ɗeen peeje ina gasa tawa ko sabu tuumeede wonde fitinaaji almudɓe ɗii ina njokkondiri e kuudetaa militeer peewnaaɗo e lewru feebariyee 1978. Obasanjo ina mettini e jikkuuji almudɓe seppooɓe ɓee, o wiyi wonde ɗum ina hollita ruttaade e nafooje aadaaji ko wayi no hormaade almudɓe. Ngam batte ɓamtaare laamu Naajeeriya, leydi ndi yi’i ɓamtaare mawnde nder kuuɗe laamu. Seedeeji peeñii ko feewti e fenaande mawnde e nder laamu leydi ndii, tee, so tawii tuume ɗee ina keewi waɗeede e Obasanjo e hoore mum, alaa seedeeji tiiɗɗi peeñi. Ngam haɗde natal njulaagu e nder laamu, laamu Obasanjo haɗii huutoraade otooji Mercedes ngam waɗde otooji laamu, e lomtaade ɗum en, ɓe mbaɗti heen otooji Peugeot 504 ɓurɗi hoybude Naatgol champagne kadi haɗaama. E ƴaañde taƴgol konu, laamu Obasanjo yiyri 12 000 soldaat ina ndartinaa e nder duuɓi 1976 e 1977. Ɗee konu njalti ko e nokkuuji kesi ngam wallitde ɗum en e jokkondirde e nguurndam siwil en. Obasanjo kadi ina tuuma wonde ko kañum woni sabaabu ƴaañgol politik. E nder yeewtere wootere maantiniinde, koɗorɗe jimoowo e daraniiɗo politik Najeriya biyeteeɗo Fela Kuti, Republique Kalakuta, yani, yani haa laaɓi, caggal nde tergal e fedde makko hawri e yimɓe konu. Fela e ɓesngu mum piyi, njuppaa, yumma mum mawɗo, daraniiɗo politik e yumma mum sosɗo Chief Funmilayo Ransome Kuti, werlaa e windo. Ɗum addani mo gaañiiɓe no feewi, haa arti noon e maayde makko. Fela caggal ɗuum nawti kees to galle hooreejo leydi ndii e oon sahaa to Dodan Barracks to Lagos ngam salaade ƴaañde laamu nguu e politik. nqky4y8tcup52ttl09jnj6zd47o4fcj 175744 175738 2026-06-22T19:51:15Z Ilya Discuss 10103 #1Lib1Ref 175744 wikitext text/x-wiki Mawɗo Olusegun Matthew Okikiola Ogunboye Aremu Obasanjo GCFR (// C; Yoruba: Olúṣẹ́gun Ọbásanjọ́ [ōlúʃɛ́ɡũ̄ ɔ̄básã̄d͡ʒɔ́] R; jibinaa ko c. ndema, e gonnooɗo seneraal konu gonnooɗo hooreejo leydi Naajeeriya gila 1976 haa 1979, caggal ɗuum o woni hooreejo leydi ndii gila 1999 haa 2007. To bannge miijo, ko o ngenndiyanke Naajeeriya, o jeyaa ko e lannda Demokaraasi Leƴƴi (PDP) gila 1998 haa 2019. Obasanjo jibinaa ko e wuro Ibogun-Olaogun, e nder galle remoowo, jeyaaɗo e leñol Owu, Obasanjo janngi ko ɓuri heewde e wuro wiyeteengo Abeokuta, to diiwaan Ogun. O naati konu leydi Naajeeriya, o janngi ko faati e inndeeji, o golliima to Konngo, Angalteer, e Inndo, o arti e darnde Major. E darorɗe kitaale 1960, o waɗii darnde mawnde e haɓaade seernaaɓe Biafra e nder wolde hakkunde leyɗeele Nijeer, o jaɓi dogde e hitaande 1970. E hitaande 1975, kuudetaa konu sosi junta e Obasanjo e nder laamu mum tati. Caggal nde hooreejo triumvirate, hono Murtala Muhammed, waraa e hitaande rewtunde ndee, Diiso toowngo konu toɗɗii Obasanjo hooreejo leydi ndii. Jokkude politik Murtala, Obasanjo ƴeewtindiima taƴgol bidsee e yaajnude jaŋde ekkolaaji ɗi ngalaa njoɓdi. Ɓesdugo hawtuki lesdi Naajeeriya bee lesdi Amerika, o teddini kadi ballal pelle luutndiiɗe laamu ɓaleeɓe pamari nder Afrika woylaare. Obasanjo ɗon mari haaje wartirgo demokaraasi, o ardi woote 1979, ɓaawo man o hokki laamu lesdi Naajeeriya haa hooreejo lesdi siwil keso, Shehu Shagari. Ndeen Obasanjo artii e golle mum to Ota, Ogun, ɗo o wonti demoowo, o yaltini defte nay, o tawtoraama eɓɓooji winndereeji ngam joofnude hareeji Afrik ceertuɗi. E hitaande 1993, Sani Abacha heɓti laamu e kuudetaa konu. Obasanjo ina ñiŋa laamu Abacha e peeñcu, e hitaande 1995 o nanngaa, o ñaawaa wonde o jeyaa ko e kuudetaa peewnaaɗo, hay so tawii o seppii wonde o alaa ella. Nde o woni e kasoo ndee, o wonti Kerecee’en jibinaaɗo, tawi ko providentialism ina tiiɗtini no feewi e yi’annde makko aduna caggal ɗuum. O woppitaama caggal maayde Abacha e hitaande 1998. Obasanjo naati e politik wooteeji, o wonti kanndidaa PDP e wooteeji hooreleydaagu 1999, ɗi o dañi. Ko o hooreejo leydi, o woppi politik militeer en, kamɓe ɗiɗo fof ɓe njaajni polis, ɓe moofti konu ngam haɓaade fitinaaji leƴƴi, diineeji, e seernaaɓe jaajɗi. O itti sooje'en lesdi Naajeeriya diga lesdi Siyeraa Leone, o hokki hukuumaaji pamari feere-feere ngam ustugo ceede lesdi ndi'i. O artiraa e woote 2003. E nder miijooji Pan-Afrik, o woniino daraniiɗo no feewi sosde Dental Afrik, o woniino hooreejo mayre tuggi 2004 haa 2006. Eɓɓooje Obasanjo ngam waylude doosɗe leydi ngam ittude keeri manndaa hooreejo leydi, ɗe njahraani no haanirta nii, ɗe ngaddani ɗum ñiŋooje. Caggal nde o woppi golle, o heɓi doktoraa makko e ganndal diine to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde National Open to leydi Najeriya. Nguurndam gadano Baaba Olusegun Obasanjo, Obasanjo Bankole, jeyaa ko e ardiiɓe hoɗɓe e sosɓe wuro Igbogun Olaogun e fuɗɗoode kitaale 1920. Hay so tawii ko o demoowo keewɗo jawdi, o jom jawdi en, omo hiisee wonde miskiino sabu o jeyaaka e yimɓe jannguɓe e nder leydi Yoruba. Bankole hawri e Bernice Ashabi, njulaagu tokooso to Igbogun, kamɓe ɗiɗo fof ɓe resndi. Ɓeeɗoo ɗiɗo ina njogii ɓiɓɓe ɗiɗo heddiiɓe e nder jeegom : Olusegun e Adunni Oluwola, miñiiko debbo gooto. E wiyde paaspoor makko, Olusegun Obasanjo jibinaa ko ñalnde 5 marse 1937 hay so tawii noon alaa ko winndaa e mum hannde, ñalngu nguu ko limto ɓadiiɗo. Olusegun ko jeyaaɗo e Laamu Owu. O mawni ko e Baptiste. Debbo makko caggal mum naati lislaam ngam resde gorko juulɗo.[9] E duuɓi sappo e go'o, o naati duɗal leslesal wuro ngo,[10] caggal duuɓi tati, e hitaande 1951, o naati duɗal Baptist Day to nokku Owu to Abeokuta.[11] E hitaande 1952 o arti e duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde sukaaɓe Baptist,[12] kadi e nder wuro ngo. Feccere e njoɓdi duɗal makko ko dokke laamu.[13] Obasanjo waɗii ko moƴƴi e jaŋde,[14] e nder duɗal o wonti Boy Scout keewɗo faayiida.[15] Hay so tawii alaa ko holliti wonde e oon sahaa o tawtoraama kala pelle politik,[15] ko e nder duɗal hakkundeewal Obasanjo salii innde makko adannde "Matthew" ngam wonde golle luulndiiɗe koloñaal.[16] E nder ɗuum, baaba Obasanjo woppi debbo mum e sukaaɓe mum ɗiɗo.[17] Nde o yani e baasal, yumma Obasanjo ina foti golloraade njulaagu ngam wuurde.[15] Ngam yoɓugo ceede janngirde maako, Obasanjo ɗon huuwa haa gese kakawo e kola, ɗon ligga, ɗon mooɓa leɗɗe, ɗon sooda ceene mahooɓe. E nder balɗe udditgol duɗal ngal kadi o golliima e duɗal ngal, omo taƴa huɗo e golle juuɗe goɗɗe.[18] E hitaande 1956, Obasanjo waɗi jaŋde mum hakkundeere, caggal nde o ñamli kaalis ngam yoɓde njoɓdi naatgol.[19] E oon hitaande kadi, o fuɗɗii jokkondirde e Oluremi Akinlawon, ɓiy Owu mawɗo station. Ɓe ndarniino dewgal haa hitaande 1958.[20] O yalti duɗal, o fayi Ibadan, o ƴetti golle jannginde. Ko ɗoon o jooɗii e ekzamen naatgol to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Ibadan, kono hay so o jaɓii o tawi o waawaa yoɓde njoɓdi jaŋde.[19] Ndeen Obasanjo fellitii jokkude golle mum e nder konu leydi Najeriya, ngam heɓde ngal gollal, e hitaande 1958 o jaabiima eɓɓoore ngam janngude ofiseeji cadet e nder konu leydi Najeriya.[21][22] Fuɗɗoode golle konu (1958-1966) Heblo konu: 1958-1959 E lewru marse 1958, Obasanjo naati e konu leydi Najeriya.[23] O yi’i ɗum ko fartaŋŋe jokkude jaŋde makko tawa omo heɓa njoɓdi;[24] o humpitaaki ɗoon e ɗoon ɓesngu makko, o hulii wonde jibnaaɓe makko ina njaɓa ɗum.[25] Ko e oon sahaa konu leydi Najeriya ina jokki e juuɗe laamu koloñaal leydi Najeriya, ngam heblude ndimaagu leydi Najeriya timmungu, kadi ina waɗi eɓɓooje ngam heɓde yimɓe leydi Najeriya ɓurɓe heewde e nder darnde konu mum.[25] Ndeen o neldaama to duɗal jaŋde ofiseeji jooɗɗi to Teshie to leydi Gana.[23] Nde o woni caggal leydi, o neldi ɓataakeeji e dokke to jom suudu makko to leydi Najeriya.[20] E lewru suwee 1958, o suɓaa ngam ɓeydaade heblo lebbi jeegom to duɗal Mons Officer Cadet to Aldershot, to fuɗnaange Angalteer. Obasanjo yiɗaa ɗum toon, o sikkatnoo ko ɗum juɓɓule njiyaagu e njiyaagu, o tawi ina saɗi ko jokkondiri e dumunna Engele ɓurɗo toowde e ɓuuɓde.[26] Nde semmbini miijooji makko bonɗi e laamu Biritaan e hakke mum laamaade e dow laamuuji mum koloñaal en.[24] To Mons, o heɓi komisoŋ e seedantaagal to bannge innde. Nde Obasanjo woni to leydi Angalteer, yumma mum maayi. Baaba makko ndeen maayi ko hitaande caggal ɗuum.[27] E hitaande 1959, Obasanjo arti Nijeer. Ko ɗoon o artiraa to Kaduna, o woni subaltern infanterie e bataliyoŋ joyaɓo.[27] Wakkati maako haa Kaduna woni wakkati arandejum nde Obasanjo jooɗi haa nokkure nde juulɓe ɗuuɗi.[27] Ko nde o woni toon, e lewru Oktoobar 1960, leydi Nijeer wonti leydi ndimaagu.[28][22] Kiiriis Konngo: 1960-1961 Ƴeew kadi: Kiriis Konngo Caggal ɗuum seeɗa, bataliyoŋ joyaɓo neldaa to Konngo ngam jeyeede e konu Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe ngam haɓaade jam. Ko ɗoon bataliyoŋ oo woni e nder diiwaan Kivu, tawi ko ɗoon woni Bukavu.[28] To leydi Konngo, Obasanjo e woɗɓe ina njoginoo darnde reende siwil en, haa arti noon e leñol Belsik, e soldateeɓe murtuɓe e laamu Patrice Lumumba.[28] E lewru feebariyee 1961, Obasanjo nanngaa e juuɗe murtuɓe nde o ummotoo e misiyoŋaaji katolik en e nder dingiral sara Bukavu. Mutinooɓe ɓee miijinoo ko warde mo kono ɓe njamiraama yo ɓe njaltu. E lewru mee 1961, bataliyoŋ joyaɓo ummii Konngo, arti Najeriya.[28] E nder wolde nde, o toɗɗaama kapiteen wakkati.[24] O teskiima caggal ɗuum wonde sahaa mo o woni e Konngo oo ina semmbina "fervour pan-africain" bataliyoŋ makko.[28] Gartugol e leydi Konngo: 1961-1966 Nde o arti, Obasanjo soodi oto makko gadano, o naati e opitaal ko juuti sabu rafi reedu. Nde o selli, o artiraa e Korse Innjiniyaaruuji konu. E hitaande 1962 o jooɗii to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Royal College to Angalteer. Ko ɗoon o ɓuri waawde, o siforaa ko "almuudo Commonwealth ɓurɗo waawde". Oon hitaande, o yoɓi Akinlawon ngam yahde Londres ɗo o waawi naatde e kursus heblo. Ɓeeɗoo ɗiɗo resndi ɗum ko e lewru suwee 1963 to biro binnditagol Camberwell Green, ɓe nganndini ɓesnguuji maɓɓe tan caggal nde ɓe mbaɗi hiirde ndee.E ndeen hitaande, Obasanjo yamiraama yo o hoot to leydi Nijeer, hay so tawii debbo makko ina heddii to Londres duuɓi tati goɗɗi ngam timminde jaŋde makko. Nde o naati Naajeeriya, Obasanjo hoosi ardungal konu Innjiniyaaruuji ladde, jooɗiiɗum haa Kaduna. E nder konu, Obasanjo ina jokki e yahrude yeeso e nder darɗe, o wonti mawɗo e hitaande 1965. O huutoriima ngalu makko ngam soodde leydi, e fuɗɗoode kitaale 1960 o heɓi jawdi to Ibadan, Kaduna, e Lagos. E hitaande 1965, Obasanjo neldaa leydi Inndo. E nder laawol, o yilliima debbo makko to Londres. To leydi Indiya, o janngi to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde toppitiingal ko fayti e cellal to Wellington, caggal ɗuum to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Innjiniyaaruuji to Poona. Obasanjo hulɓinii e heege nde o seedtii e nder leydi Indiya hay so tawii o ƴettii nafoore e pinal leydi ndii, huunde nde addani mo janngude defte diineeji nannditooji. Hare nder leydi Naajeeriya Winndannde mawnde: Hare nder leydi Najeriya Golle makko ko adii wolde hakkunde leyɗeele: 1966-1967 Obasanjo ummi Naajeeriya nder lewru January hitaande 1966 ngam heɓugo lesdi ndi'i nder kuudetaa konu ngu Major Emmanuel Ifeajuna ardii. Obasanjo ina jeyaa e jeertinɓe wonde ngonka kaa ina waawi jippaade e wolde nder leydi.O hollitii wonde maa o won hakkunde ƴaañooɓe kuudetaa e laamu siwil, ngu rokki laamu nguu e juuɗe hooreejo konu Johnson Aguiyi-Ironsi. Nde kuudetaa oo ronki, Olusegun hawri e Ironsi to Lagos. Ironsi ɓooyaani ko timmini fedde nde e nder leydi Najeriya rewrude e yamiroore mum kawral e lewru mee 1966, huunde nde ɓuuɓni jiiɓru leƴƴi. E darorɗe lewru sulyee, kuudetaa ɗiɗmo waɗi. To wuro Ibadan, sooja'en iwdi woyla lesdi Naajeeriya ɗon ƴama, ɓe mbari Ironsi, ɓe mbari fodde teemeɗɗe ɗiɗi sooje'en ko ɓuri ɗuuɗugo ɓe iwdi lesdi Naajeeriya. Seneraal Yaakubu Gowon heɓti laamu. Nde ooɗoo kuudetaa waɗata nde Obasanjo wonnoo ko to Maiduguri. Nande ɗum, o yaawi hootde Kaduna. Ko ɗoon o tawi konu worgo ummoriiɗo e bataliyoŋ tataɓo ina ronka, ina torloo, ina wara soldateeɓe Igbo en. Gomnaajo lesdi Naajeeriya, Hassan Katsina, annditi dow koo ngam Olusegun naa Igbo, bana no o woni mo woylaare lesdi Naajeeriya, o ɗon nder ɓilla haa sooja'en murtuɓe. Ngam reenaade ɓe, Katsina neldi Olusegun e debbo mum ngarta Maiduguri balɗe sappo, tawi fitinaaji ɗii ina ustoo. Caggal ɗuum, Obasanjo neldi debbo mum to Lagos, tawi omo hoota Kaduna kanko e hoore makko, o woni ɗoon haa lewru Yarkomaa 1967. E oon sahaa ko kanko woni ofisee Yoruba ɓurɗo mawnude tawaaɗo to bannge worgo. E lewru Yarkomaa 1967, Obasanjo toɗɗaama to Lagos ngam wonde mawɗo Injineer konu.Hare hakkunde leƴƴi Igbo e leƴƴi worgo ina jokki e ɓeydaade, e lewru mee, ofisee konu Igbo C. Odumegwu Ojukwu hollitii jeytaare nokkuuji ɓurɗi heewde Igbo e nder fuɗnaange-rewo leydi Bi. Ñalnde 3 lewru juko, laamu leydi Najeriya neldi Obasanjo to Ibadan ngam wonde hooreejo leydi Hirnaange.Hare hakkunde konu leydi Najeriya e seernaaɓe Biafran fuɗɗii ko ñalnde 6 lewru juko. Ñalnde 9 sulyee, Ojukwu neldi koloñaal konu Biafra dow pont Niiseer ngam yiɗde heɓtude Mid-West, nokku ɗo ɓe mbaawi ummoraade Lagos. Obasanjo yiɗiino uddude laabi jahduɗi e wuro ngo. Komandaajo Yoruba biyeteeɗo Victor Banjo, ardinooɗo konu njanngu Biafran, etinooma waawnude Obasanjo yoo ɓe njaltu, kono o salii. Kuugal konu lesdi: 1967-1970 "Kolonel Olu Obasanjo, gardinooɗo diɗɗal tataɓal". Jaaynde Naajeeriya keso, hello 7, 12 lewru Yarkomaa 1970. Gagga hare nder leydi Naajeeriya e Biafra. Ndeen Obasanjo toɗɗaama hooreejo caggal diɗɗal ɗiɗaɓal Murtala Muhammed, gollotoongal to Mid-Ouest. Obasanjo woni ko e jooɗaade to Ibadan, ko kañum halfinaa Division ɗiɗaɓo oo jogaade kaɓirɗe. E nder wuro ngo, Obasanjo jannginii course ganndal konu to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Ibadan, o mahi jokkondiral makko e nder elite Yoruba. E nder wolde nde, wonno ko jiiɓru mawndu e nder Dowla Hirnaange, ngam daɗde e ɗeen caɗeele, Obasanjo woppi golle mum e nder Diiso doosɗe Hirnaange.Nde Obasanjo woɗɗi Ibadan e lewru noowammbar 1968, gure jogiiɗe kaɓirɗe ɗe fedde remooɓe Agbekoya moofti, njani e galle laamorɗo Ibadan. Konuuji ɗii njaabtii, mbari sappo e fitinaaji ɗii. Nde Obasanjo arti o yamiri yo ñaawirde ƴeewto kewuuji ɗii. Yamiroore konu: 1967-1970 "Kolonel Olu Obasanjo, gardinooɗo diɗɗal tataɓal". Jaaynde Naajeeriya keso, hello 7, 12 lewru Yarkomaa 1970. Gagga hare nder leydi Naajeeriya e Biafra. Ndeen Obasanjo toɗɗaama hooreejo caggal diɗɗal ɗiɗaɓal Murtala Muhammed, gollotoongal to Mid-Ouest. Obasanjo ina jooɗii to Ibadan, ko kañum halfinaa Division ɗiɗaɓo oo jogaade kaɓirɗe. E nder wuro ngo, Obasanjo jannginii course ganndal konu to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Ibadan, o mahi jokkondiral makko e nder elite Yoruba. E nder wolde nde, wonno ko jiiɓru mawndu e nder Dowla Hirnaange, ngam daɗde e ɗeen geɗe, Obasanjo woppi golle e nder Diiso doosɗe Dowla Hirnaange. Nde Obasanjo woɗɗi Ibadan e lewru noowammbar 1968, wuro ngo ina jogii balɗe, ngo fedde remooɓe Agbekoya moofti, yani e galle laamorɗo Ibadan. Konuuji ɗii njaabtii, mbari sappo e fitinaaji ɗii. Nde Obasanjo arti o yamiri yo ñaawirde ƴeewto kewuuji ɗii. Gowon felliti lomtaade Kolonel Benjamin Adekunle, ardinooɗo njanngu Biafra, kono ina haani Yoruba mawɗo goɗɗo. O suɓii ko Obasanjo, hay so tawii noon o alaa humpito hare. Obasanjo arii Port Harcourt ngam heɓtude golle ɗee ñalnde 16 mee 1969 ; o ardii hannde hakkunde 35 000 e 40 000 soldaat. O waɗii jonte jeegom gadane ɗee ko e riiwtude njangu Biafran e Aba. O yilliima kala nokku e yeeso, o gaañiiɗo e waɗde ɗum. Ɗee golle ngaddi mo innde cuusal e nder worɓe makko E lewru desaambar, Obasanjo fuɗɗii golle Finishing Touch, yamiri konu mum yo yahru yeeso feewde Umuahia, ngu ɓe ƴetti ñalnde Natal. Ɗum taƴii Biafra e feccere. Ñalnde 7 lewru Yarkomaa 1970, o ummini ndeen « Operation Tail-Wind », o heɓti laana ndiwoowa Uli ñalnde 12 lewru Yarkomaa. E oon sahaa, ardiiɓe Biafran njaɓi yoɓde. Ñalnde 13 lewru nduu, Obasanjo jokkondiri e komandaajo konu Biafran biyeteeɗo Philip Effiong. Obasanjo wi'i sooja'en Biafran hokka balmi maɓɓe, nden boo suɓol ardiiɓe lesdi ndi'i ɗon yaha Lagos, ɓe hokka Gowon dow laawol. Janngo mum, Obasanjo haali e rajo diiwaan oo, o wiyi ɓiɓɓe leydi ndi yo njokku e galleeji mum en, o dartina kisal mum en. Biafranaaɓe heewɓe e jaayɗe goɗɗe ina kuli wonde konu leydi Najeriya ina waawi waɗde bonanndeeji keewɗi e yimɓe foolɓe ɓee, hay so tawii noon Obasanjo ina yiɗi haɗde ɗum. O yamiri konu makko e nder diiwaan hee yo heddo e nder galleeji mum en, jokkude wonde polis nokku oo ina foti ƴettude kuule ngam ƴellitde sariya e deeƴre. Division tataɓo, ɓurɗo woɗɗude, waɗii hareeji warngooji e yimɓe nokku oo. Obasanjo ina tiiɗi e waɗooɓe bonannde ndee, sibu waɗɓe warngooji ɗii mberlaama, waɗɓe warngooji ɗii mbardaa. Laamu Gowon waɗi Obasanjo kalfinaaɗo naatnude Biafra e nder leydi Najeriya, e nder oon darnde o heɓi teddungal ngam teeŋtinde mawngu. Ko o injenieer, o teeŋtinii artirde jolngo ndiyam ; haa lewru mee 1970 gure mawɗe diiwaan oo fof njokkondirii e jolngo ndiyam. Darnde Obasanjo e timminde wolde nde waɗi mo jaambaaro wolde, kadi ko o neɗɗo ganndiraaɗo e nder leydi Najeriya. Kuugal maako ɓaawo konu lesdi: 1970-1975 E lewru suwee 1970, Obasanjo arti Abeokuta, jamaanu jaɓɓii mo no jaambaaro garoowo nii. Ndeen o neldaama to Lagos, o woni Brigadier gardinooɗo Korse Innjiniyankooɓe. E lewru oktoobar, Gowon hollitii wonde laamu militeer en ina rokka laamu nguu laamu siwil e hitaande 1976. E nder ɗuum, haɗde lanndaaji politik ina heddii e doole ; Gowon yahri yeeso seeɗa e sosde laamu siwil. E les laamu sooja'en, Obasanjo jooɗi nder goomu limngal sooja'en lesdi Naajeeriya, ko laarani limngal sooja'en lesdi Naajeeriya nder duuɓi 1970. E hitaande 1974 Obasanjo yahi to leydi Angalteer ngam janngude to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Royal College to bannge diine. Nde o arti, e lewru Yarkomaa 1975 Gowon toɗɗii mo Komisariyaa Golle e Koɗki, golle ɗe o joginoo fotde lebbi jeeɗiɗi, e nder ɗuum o ɓuri waawde mahde kaɓirɗe konu. E hitaande 1970, Obasanjo soodi sosiyatee Libannaajo ɓooyɗo to Ibadan, o gollini heen awokaa ngam ƴellitde ɗum. E hitaande 1973 o winnditii fedde wiyeteende Temperance Enterprises Limited, nde o waawi waɗde heen golle njulaagu caggal nde o woppi golle konu. O jokki kadi e waɗde heen jawdi ; e hitaande 1974 o joginoo galleeji ɗiɗi to Lagos e gooto fof to Ibadan e Abeokuta. Haalaaji ummii wonde Obasanjo ina jokki e waɗde njulaagu nguu ina ɓeydoo yaajde e nder leydi Najeriya, hay so tawii noon alaa ko holliti ɗum ko laaɓti. Dewgal makko e Oluremi wonti caɗeele nde o salii jokkondiral makko e rewɓe woɗɓe. E cakkital kitaale 1970 dewgal maɓɓe fusi. E hitaande 1976 o resi Stella Abebe e nder kewu aadaaji Yoruba. E nder laamu Murtala Kuudetaa 1975 e caggal mum Binndanɗe mawɗe: Kuudetaa laamu Nijeer e hitaande 1975 e Kawtal konu Nijeer (1966–1979) E lewru sulyee 1975, kuudetaa e gardagol Shehu Muusaa Yar’Adua e Yuusuf Garba liɓi Gowon, o dogi fayti Angalteer. Ɓe kaalaani Obasanjo e peeje maɓɓe nde tawnoo omo anndiraa wonde kuudetaa ko kuutorgal waylude laamu. Kuudetaaji ɗii njiɗnoo ko lomtinde laamu otokaraasi Gowon nguu e laamu tati (triumvirate) brigadieruuji tati ɗi Diiso Toowngo Konu ina waawi haɗde kuule mum en. Ngalɗoo laamu tati, ɓe cemmbini Seneraal Murtala Muhammed yo won hooreejo leydi, Obasanjo woni ɗiɗaɓo e gardagol mum, Danjuma woni tataɓo. Daartoowo biyeteeɗo John Iliffe teskiima wonde e nder triumvirate, Obasanjo ko « puccu gollordu e ngaandi » , ko kanko ɓuri yaawde hootde e laamu siwil. E nder heen, triumvirate oo naatni peeje ustude ngalu ngam haɗde inflation, sosi Biro toppitiiɗo ko fayti e golle bonɗe, lomtini guwerneeruuji militeer en ɗii fof ofiseeji kesi, ɓe cifotoo ko Obasanjo woni hooreejo konu, ɓe puɗɗii "Operation Deadwood" mo ɓe ndartini ofiseeji civil 11,000. Mawɗo gollordu, suudu sarɗiiji: 1975–76 E lewru oktoobar 1975, laamu nguu hollitii peeje ngam waɗde woote ɗe mbaɗata ngam laamu siwil e lewru oktoobar 1979. Ngu hollitii kadi peeje ngam sosde goomu ngam ƴettude doosgal leydi kesal, tawi ko Obasanjo ɓuri waawde suɓaade terɗe goomu nguu 49. E dow wasiyaaji Komiseer Irifeke, laamu nguu hollitii kadi sosde dowlaaji jeeɗiɗi kesi ; e dow tiiɗnaare Obasanjo, Abeokuta ina foti wonde laamorgo gooto e ɗeen dowlaaji kesi, hono Ogun. Kadi dow wasiyaaji komitiiru ndun, ɓe anndini anniyaaji seeɗa-seeɗa ngam wurtinki laamorgo lesdi Naajeeriya diga Lagos haa Abuja ɓurduɗum caka. E lewru Yarkomaa 1976, Obasanjo e Danjuma fof ƴettaa e jappeere Lietnaa-Seneraal. Murtala e Obasanjo fof ina ndartini darnde ngam haɗde koloñaal Oropnaaɓe jokkude e njiimaandi ɓaleeɓe tokosɓe e nder Afrik worgo, ɗum noon ko huunde nde ɓe cuɓii e politik maɓɓe caggal leydi. Ngolɗoo sabaabu ina ɓeydoo wontude ngoƴa Obasanjo. Caggal nde Angolaa heɓti jeytaare mum e juuɗe Portigaal, wolde ɓesngu addi e leydi hee. Naajeeriya anndi laabi laamu ngu MPLA, fedde marxist en nde Dental Sowiyet walli, sabu laamu luulndiingu FNLA e UNITA ina mballita e laamu ɓaleeɓe tokosɓe to Afrik worgo. Ko jiidaa e rokkude MPLA ballal kaalis, Niiseer fuɗɗiima ƴattaade leyɗeele Afrik goɗɗe ngam kadi jaɓde njuɓɓudi MPLA, e fuɗɗoode hitaande 1976 ko ɓuri heewde e dowlaaji e nder Fedde Ngootaagu Afrik (OAU) mbaɗii ɗum. E lewru feebariyee 1976, Obasanjo ardii delegaasiyoŋ Najeriya ngam mawninde hitaande MPLA to Luanda, ɗo o wiyi : « ko ñalngu maantiniingu, ko ɗum fuɗɗoode hare sakkitiinde ngam haɓaade koloñaal, imperiyaalisma e njiyaagu e nder Afrik ». Warngo Murtala : 13 feebariyee 1976 E lewru feebariyee 1976, kolonel Buka Suka Dimka waɗi kuudetaa e laamu Nijeer, tawi ko ndeen Seneraal Murtala Muhammed waraa. Eɓɓoore kadi waɗaama e nguurndam Obasanjo, kono neɗɗo mo fotaani waraa. Dimka ŋakkiraa ballal mawngal e nder militeer en, kuudetaa makko ronki, ɗum addani mo dogde. Obasanjo tawtoraaki wirwirnde Murtala to Kano, kono o hollitii laamu nguu ina jogori yoɓde mahngo juulirde e nokku ɗo o wirnaa ɗoo. Caggal nde o waraa, Obasanjo tawtoraama batu Diiso Toowngo Konu. O hollitii yiɗde makko woppude laamu, kono Diiso ngoo heɓiino ɗaɓɓude yo o lomto Murtala e gardagol leydi ndii. Ko ɗum waɗi o wonti hooreejo diiso ngoo.E nder kulhuli makko e ɓeydagol eɓɓooji e nguurndam makko, Obasanjo naati e nder kasoo Dodan, tawi 39 neɗɗo tuumaaɗo wonde e nder kuudetaa Dimka mbaraa, ɗum jibini tuumeede wonde jaabawol Obasanjo ngol ina heewi. Ko Obasanjo woni hooreejo leydi ndi, o huniima jokkude dawrugol Murtala. Hooreejo leydi konu (1976-1979) Triumvirat konu E anndude kulhuli gonɗi e woɗɗude yimɓe woyla Naajeeriya, Obasanjo addi Seneraal Shehu Yar'Adua ngam lomtaade mo e ɗiɗaɓo e gardagol hooreejo konu, gardiiɗo jaagorɗe toowɗo timminoowo triumvirate militeer en, Obasanjo woni hooreejo leydi e Seneraal Theophilus Stajumabli ngam laamaade dow tato we- laamu konu. Obasanjo hirjinii jeewte e nanondiral hakkunde Diiso Toowngo Konu. Heewɓe ina kaawaa hol ko waɗi Obasanjo – hono Yoruba e Kerecee – toɗɗaade Yar’Adua, tergal e aristokraasi worgo, yo won gardiiɗo ɗiɗaɓo mum, wonaa banndiiko Yoruba Kerecee. Obasanjo teeŋtinii kulhuli ngenndiiji e dow ɗi diiwanuuji ɗii ; o hirjini sukaaɓe e mawɓe fof nde njanngata fodoore ngenndiire hesere ndee e jimɗi ngenndiiji ɗii. Nafoore heɓde miijooji ɓurɗi yaajde, ñalnde aset kala omo waɗa seminar mo alaa ko woni e mum so wonaa toɓɓere nde yimɓe ɓe ngonaa politikaaji e gollotooɓe laamu noddata. Ina jeyaa e ɓe o ɗaɓɓirta wasiyaaji mum en, annduɓe lislaam e mawɓe aadaaji. Politik faggudu Obasanjo wondude e hooreejo leydi Amerik biyeteeɗo Jimmy Carter to galle laamorɗo Amerik e hitaande 1977 E cakkital kitaale 1970, leydi Naajeeriya ina joginoo faggudu ɓurndu heewde doole, tawi noon ko 34% e inflation. Ngam haɓugo bee caɗeele faggudu lesdi Naajeeriya, Obasanjo tokki dabareeji cemmbiɗinki ceede ngam ustugo ceede laamu. E nder bidsee makko 1976, Obasanjo eɓɓi ustude njoɓdi laamu nguu fotde feccere, ustude eɓɓaaɗe tedduɗe, tawa ina ɓeyda njoɓdi jaŋde, cellal, galleeji, e ndema. O sosi kadi goomu ngam haɓaade inflation, e nder hitaande wootere caggal nde Obasanjo heɓi laamu, inflation ustii haa 30%. Obasanjo ina heewi yiɗde ñamlude kaalis, kono e ballal Banke Adunayankeewo e Fonds Monétaire International, Nijeer ƴetti ñamlude miliyaaruuji 1 dolaar e fedde bankeeji. Ɓeen ñiŋooɓe leftist en mbiyi wonde waɗde ɗum ina addana leydi ndii ɗooftaade kapitaalisma. E nder duuɓi ɗiɗi garooji ɗii, laamu Obasanjo, Nijeer ƴettii 4 983 miliyoŋ dolaar goɗɗo. Naajeeriya ina wondi e ɓeydagol fotde 3% hitaande kala e nder kitaale 1970, huunde nde fotnoo ɓeydaade fotde laabi ɗiɗi e nder duuɓi 25 seeɗa. Obasanjo teskiima caggal ɗuum wonde o anndaa ɗum e oon sahaa, sibu laamu makko alaa politik e ƴellitde yimɓe. Ɓeydagol yimɓe leydi Naajeeriya addani ɓe ɓeydaade yaawde e nder gure mawɗe e ŋakkeende cuuɗi e nder gure. Ngam haɓaade ɗum, bidsee Obasanjo e hitaande 1976 hollitii peeje mahngo 200 000 galle keso haa hitaande 1980, hay so tawii noon ko 28 500 tan mahaa.E hitaande 1976, laamu Obasanjo kadi hollitii wonde ina jogori ƴellitde renndo e cogguuli. Ngam haɓaade jiiɓru seppooji gollotooɓe, e hitaande 1976 laamu Obasanjo yaltinii sariyaaji cifotooɗi ko ɓuri heewde e gollorɗe mawɗe ko sarwisaaji baɗɗi faayiida, haɗi seppooji e nder mum en, yamiri nanngugol ardiiɓe senndikaaji jiiɓru. E hitaande 1978 nde hawriti senndikaaji 42 e nder fedde wootere nde gollotooɓe e leydi Nijeer. Obasanjo jokki bee taskaramji tati mawɗi ngam ndiyam haa woyla lesdi Naajeeriya ɗi arannde anndinaama les Murtala: taskaramji maayo Kano, taskaramji Bakalori, e taskaramji ndiyam Chad Sud. Laamu makko kadi jokki eɓɓooji ƴellitaare ndema puɗɗanooɗi to Funtua, Gusau, e Gombe. Won eɓɓaaɗe ƴellitgol laddeeji kadi puɗɗaama ngam haɗde njiimaandi Saharaa to bannge worgo. Ngam heɓde ko ɓuri heewde e ɗaɓɓaande leydi ndii e kuuraa, Obasanjo ardiima udditgol eɓɓaaɗe ɗiɗi kese ngam ƴellitde kuuraa e nder ndiyam e ƴulɓe. Industry petrol heddii ko huunde mawnde e faggudu leydi Naajeeriya e les laamu Obasanjo, ministeer petrol hawtii e fedde petroŋ leydi Naajeeriya ngam sosde fedde petroŋ leydi Naajeeriya (NNPC). Obasanjo kadi wallitii sosde lowre liggorde to Bonny, nde NNPC yoɓi 62% ; eɓɓaande ndee ko lomto makko woppi ɗum e nder ɓeydagol coodguuli. Obasanjo jokki kadi e peewnugol njuɓɓudi njamndi mboɗeeri Ajaokuta, eɓɓaande ndonaandi nde heewɓe e ñiŋooɓe e nder sarwisaaji laamu mbiyata ko nde waawataa huutoreede. E nder cakkital kitaale 1970, Naajeeriya kadi ina wondi e ustaare ndema, ko ɗum huunde nde laamuuji jokkondirɗi ɗii njiyti ko ɓuri hoybude e naatde e nguura e nder leydi ndii. E lewru mee 1976, Obasanjo fuɗɗii « Operation Feed the Nation » (Operation Feed the Nation), woni eɓɓaande ngam wuurtinde ndema tokoosa, tawi ina jeyaa heen yoɓeede almudɓe ngam remde e nder balɗe juulde. Eɓɓaande ndee ina waɗi kadi momtugol njoɓɗeele e nguura jawdi e kaɓirɗe ndema, e ballal kuutoragol tovo ngo, e ustude njoɓɗeele ndema. E lewru marse 1978, Obasanjo yaltini kuulal kuutoragol leydi ndi rokki laamu nguu hakkeeji jeyi leydi e dow leydi ndii kala. Ɗum waɗiraa ko ngam haɗde njulaagu leydi e njulaagu leydi, kadi addani ɗum yetteede e bannge nano leydi Najeriya hay so tawii noon ko galleeji keewɗi jogiiɗi leydi njiɗaa ɗum. Obasanjo yiyri ɗum ko e geɗe teeŋtuɗe laamu mum. Obasanjo wallitorii reentaade Gowon ngam waɗde heen jawdi mum caggal leydi, o jokki e ɗeen politikaaji. Politik faggudu ngenndiyankaagal e nder sekteeruuji teeŋtuɗi ina usta njulaagu keeriiɗo, ɗum addani ɗum ustude njulaagu, hay so tawii noon daraniiɓe ɗum ɓee ina njetta Obasanjo ngam dartinde diisnondiral kaalis so renndinaama e ardiiɓe mum. Politikuuji nder leydi O (Obasanjo) jokki e ƴamol jaŋde leslesre winndereyankoore e nder leydi Najeriya, politik ronkaama e Gowon. O naatini sariya jaŋde leslesre e hitaande 1976 ; hakkunde 1975–76 e 1979–80, binnditagol e duɗe leslese ɗe njoɓaaka kono ɗe njiɗaa, ɓeydiima gila e miliyoŋaaji 6 haa 12,5 miliyoŋ, hay so tawii noon jannginooɓe e kaɓirɗe ina ŋakki ngam waawde huutoraade ɗaɓɓaande ndee. E hitaande jaŋde 1977–78, Obasanjo naatni jaŋde hakkundeere nde alaa ko yoɓetee e fannuuji karallaagal, huunde nde yaajnaa e denndaangal jaŋde hakkundeere e hitaande 1979–80. E oon sahaa gooto, leydi Naajeeriya ustii kaalis jaŋde toownde ; e hitaande 1978 nde woppi rokkude ñamaale almudɓe, nde ɓeydi fotde laabi tati njoɓdi nguura e hoɗorde duɗe jaaɓi haaɗtirde. Seppooji janngooɓe mbaɗi e nder gure keewɗe, waɗii warngooji baɗnooɗi e nder wuro Lagos e Zaria. E nder jaabawol fitinaaji ɗii, Obasanjo udditi duɗe jaaɓi-haaɗtirde keewɗe, haɗi golle politik e nder duɗe jaaɓi-haaɗtirde, haɗi kadi fedde janngooɓe leydi Najeriya. Tiiɗnaare ɗeen peeje ina gasa tawa ko sabu tuumeede wonde fitinaaji almudɓe ɗii ina njokkondiri e kuudetaa militeer peewnaaɗo e lewru feebariyee 1978. Obasanjo ina mettini e jikkuuji almudɓe seppooɓe ɓee, o wiyi wonde ɗum ina hollita ruttaade e nafooje aadaaji ko wayi no hormaade almudɓe. Ngam batte ɓamtaare laamu Naajeeriya, leydi ndi yi’i ɓamtaare mawnde nder kuuɗe laamu. Seedeeji peeñii ko feewti e fenaande mawnde e nder laamu leydi ndii, tee, so tawii tuume ɗee ina keewi waɗeede e Obasanjo e hoore mum, alaa seedeeji tiiɗɗi peeñi. Ngam haɗde natal njulaagu e nder laamu, laamu Obasanjo haɗii huutoraade otooji Mercedes ngam waɗde otooji laamu, e lomtaade ɗum en, ɓe mbaɗti heen otooji Peugeot 504 ɓurɗi hoybude Naatgol champagne kadi haɗaama. E ƴaañde taƴgol konu, laamu Obasanjo yiyri 12 000 soldaat ina ndartinaa e nder duuɓi 1976 e 1977. Ɗee konu njalti ko e nokkuuji kesi ngam wallitde ɗum en e jokkondirde e nguurndam siwil en. Obasanjo kadi ina tuuma wonde ko kañum woni sabaabu ƴaañgol politik. E nder yeewtere wootere maantiniinde, koɗorɗe jimoowo e daraniiɗo politik Najeriya biyeteeɗo Fela Kuti, Republique Kalakuta, yani, yani haa laaɓi, caggal nde tergal e fedde makko hawri e yimɓe konu. Fela e ɓesngu mum piyi, njuppaa, yumma mum mawɗo, daraniiɗo politik e yumma mum sosɗo Chief Funmilayo Ransome Kuti, werlaa e windo. Ɗum addani mo gaañiiɓe no feewi, haa arti noon e maayde makko. Fela caggal ɗuum nawti kees to galle hooreejo leydi ndii e oon sahaa to Dodan Barracks to Lagos ngam salaade ƴaañde laamu nguu e politik. Politik caggal leydi Hooreejo leydi Amerik biyeteeɗo Jimmy Carter ina wondi e Obasanjo e njillu mum to leydi Najeriya e hitaande 1978 Obasanjo ina yiɗi tabitinde leydi Najeriya no ardorde mawnde e nder Afrik nii, e nder laamu makko, doole mum e nder duunde nde ɓeydiima. O ummini dabare Gowon ngam waɗugo julde ɗiɗaɓre nder duuniyaaru ngam naalankaaku e pinal ɓaleeɓe e afriknaajo haa lesdi Naajeeriya; ɗum waɗi ko to Lagos e lewru feebariyee 1977, hay so tawii noon ñaawooɓe nder leydi ndii mbiyi ko ɗum huunde nde alaa ko nafata. Obasanjo hokkii ɗuuɗal teddungal dow Dental Faggudu lesɗe Afrik Hirnaange (ECOWAS) nden o mettini ɗuuɗɓe nder terɗe maako ɗemngal Farayse ɓaawo o wi'i, bana no Naajeeriya ɓuri wallugo ceede ngam hukuuma kan, Naajeeriya foti jaɓɓaago hukuumaaji pamari ɗin haa Lagos. Jokkondiral e Ganaa ɓadiiɗo kadi ustii ; e hitaande 1979, leydi Nijeer taƴii petroŋ e nder leydi ndii ngam salaade warngooji luulndiiɓe politik ɗi laamu kesu ngu Jerry Rawlings wari. E laamu Obasanjo, Naajeeriya ustii jokkondiral mum juutngal e leydi Angalteer, ɓeydi jokkondirde e leyɗeele dentuɗe Amerik. Obasanjo ina yiɗi laamu hooreejo leydi Amerik biyeteeɗo Jimmy Carter, cuɓaaɗo e hitaande 1976, sabu Carter ina joginoo darnde tiiɗnde ngam tabitinde laamu ɓurngu heewde e Afrik worgo. Ambasadeer Carter to leydi Nijeer, hono Andrew Young, waɗii sehilaagal tiiɗngal e Obasanjo, Carter yilliima leydi Nijeer e hitaande 1978. Kono tan, kuulal ngam waylude alkule ɗee waɗiraa ko ngam dalillaaji laaɓtuɗi, wonaa miijooji ; yiytude petroŋ e nder maayo worgo firti ko Angalteer wontii ƴaañoowo wonaa soodoowo petroŋ Nijeer.Laamu Obasanjo kadi ina mettini heen no feewi nde Angalteer salii yoɓde Gowon, ina sikka wonde laamu Angalteer ina waawi wonde e kuudetaa mo Murtala waɗi. Ngam ɗeeɗoo hujjaaji, e hitaande 1976 nde miijii dartinde jokkondiral dipolomaasi e Angalteer, kono haa jooni nde dartinaani. Obasanjo noon saliima yahde Angalteer, o semmbini ardiiɓe makko waɗde ɗum. Jokkondiral ngal ɓeydii bonde nde Margaret Thatcher wonti gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi Angalteer e hitaande 1979, o fuɗɗii waɗde feere ɓurnde welde e njuɓɓudi laamu ɓaleeɓe tokosɓe to Rodesi e Afrik worgo. E nder jaabawol ngol, Naajeeriya nanngi laanawol ndiyam lesdi Naajeeriya, ngol ɓe tammi ɗon nastina petrol Naajeeriya haa lesdi Naajeeriya, ɓe haɗi hukuumaaji pamari Biritaniya ngam heɓugo kuuɗe Naajeeriya, ɓe nastini kuuɗe BP haa lesdi Naajeeriya. Obasanjo ina yiɗi kadi yaawnaade joofnude laamu ɓaleeɓe tokosɓe e nder Afrik worgo ; e wiyde Iliffe, ɗum wonti « cakkital politik makko caggal leydi ». Naajeeriya hokki ballal ngam haɓugo bee laamu daneeji nder diiwal ngal, hokki hukuumaaji pamari ɗi'i uddita birooji haa Lagos, nden hokki hukuumaaji pamari ɗin ɗon hokka mooɓgal feere-feere dogguɓe laamuuji lesdi Afrika fombinaari. E ƴettude peeje tiiɗɗe ngam haɓaade laamu apartaayd to Afrik worgo, Obasanjo hollitii wonde Nijeer naatataa e Olimpiyaaji 1976 sabu leydi Nuwel Selannde, tawtoraaɗo kawgel ngel, ina joginoo jokkondiral e Afrik worgo, leydi ndi haɗaa tawtoreede kawgel ngel sabu apartaayd. E hitaande 1977, Obasanjo haɗi kala kontraaji jokkondirɗi e Afrik worgo golloraade e nder leydi Nijeer ; sosiyateeji mawɗi ɗi njippii ɗii ko petroŋ Angalteer e Banke Barclays. E ndeen hitaande kadi, leydi Nijeer yuɓɓinii batu Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe ngam haɓaade apartaayd to Lagos, Obasanjo yilliima Amerik e lewru oktoobar ɗo o wiyi leydi ndii yo woppu yeeyde kaɓirɗe to Afrik worgo. Nde o woni nder leydi ndi'i o wolwi haa kawtal hoore lesdi ndi'i nden asaweeje ɗiɗi ɓaawo man Naajeeriya heɓi jooɗorde nder kawtal lesdi ndi'i. Fiilde Margaret Thatcher e hitaande 1979 ngam wonde gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi Angalteer, addani jokkondiral Angalteer e Niiseer bonnude ; Obasanjo miijii ko o yurmeende no feewi e laamuuji daneeji tokoosi e nder Afrik worgo Luulndaade laamu ɓaleeɓe tokosɓe e nder leydi Rodesi, addaniino hare Bush e nder leydi Rodesi, laamu Obasanjo ina jokki e wiyde wonde ko hare balɗe tan woni feere ngam foolde laamu Rodesi. O hirjinii ngootaagu hakkunde pelle ceertuɗe luulndiiɗe laamu toon, o wiyi Robert Mugabe, hooreejo ZANU, yo jaɓ ardaade luulndiiɗo makko, hono Joshua Nkomo mo ZAPU. E hitaande 1977, Angalteer e Amerik ciifi eɓɓaaɗe ngam waylude laamu ɓurngu heewde e Rodesi, e nder yonta mo leydi ndii woni e les njiimaandi doole Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe. Obasanjo jaɓii eɓɓaande ndee, o yilliima Tansani, Sammbi, Mosammbik, e Republiik Demokaratik Konngo ngam wiyde laamuuji mum en yo mbaɗ noon. Kono caggal nde Thatcher wonti gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi Angalteer, leydi Nijeer woɗɗitii hoore mum e darnde Angalteer ngam haɗde wolde Bush Rhodesian, o woppitaa kala darnde teeŋtunde e nder golle ɗe Angalteer waɗi, ɗe ngaddani wooteeji demokaraasi ɗi leƴƴi keewɗi mbaɗi e hitaande... 3hm2v71l3z7q2bkwxaj7ol4qts0n9ja 175748 175744 2026-06-22T19:58:04Z Ilya Discuss 10103 #1Lib1Ref 175748 wikitext text/x-wiki Mawɗo Olusegun Matthew Okikiola Ogunboye Aremu Obasanjo GCFR (// C; Yoruba: Olúṣẹ́gun Ọbásanjọ́ [ōlúʃɛ́ɡũ̄ ɔ̄básã̄d͡ʒɔ́] R; jibinaa ko c. ndema, e gonnooɗo seneraal konu gonnooɗo hooreejo leydi Naajeeriya gila 1976 haa 1979, caggal ɗuum o woni hooreejo leydi ndii gila 1999 haa 2007. To bannge miijo, ko o ngenndiyanke Naajeeriya, o jeyaa ko e lannda Demokaraasi Leƴƴi (PDP) gila 1998 haa 2019. Obasanjo jibinaa ko e wuro Ibogun-Olaogun, e nder galle remoowo, jeyaaɗo e leñol Owu, Obasanjo janngi ko ɓuri heewde e wuro wiyeteengo Abeokuta, to diiwaan Ogun. O naati konu leydi Naajeeriya, o janngi ko faati e inndeeji, o golliima to Konngo, Angalteer, e Inndo, o arti e darnde Major. E darorɗe kitaale 1960, o waɗii darnde mawnde e haɓaade seernaaɓe Biafra e nder wolde hakkunde leyɗeele Nijeer, o jaɓi dogde e hitaande 1970. E hitaande 1975, kuudetaa konu sosi junta e Obasanjo e nder laamu mum tati. Caggal nde hooreejo triumvirate, hono Murtala Muhammed, waraa e hitaande rewtunde ndee, Diiso toowngo konu toɗɗii Obasanjo hooreejo leydi ndii. Jokkude politik Murtala, Obasanjo ƴeewtindiima taƴgol bidsee e yaajnude jaŋde ekkolaaji ɗi ngalaa njoɓdi. Ɓesdugo hawtuki lesdi Naajeeriya bee lesdi Amerika, o teddini kadi ballal pelle luutndiiɗe laamu ɓaleeɓe pamari nder Afrika woylaare. Obasanjo ɗon mari haaje wartirgo demokaraasi, o ardi woote 1979, ɓaawo man o hokki laamu lesdi Naajeeriya haa hooreejo lesdi siwil keso, Shehu Shagari. Ndeen Obasanjo artii e golle mum to Ota, Ogun, ɗo o wonti demoowo, o yaltini defte nay, o tawtoraama eɓɓooji winndereeji ngam joofnude hareeji Afrik ceertuɗi. E hitaande 1993, Sani Abacha heɓti laamu e kuudetaa konu. Obasanjo ina ñiŋa laamu Abacha e peeñcu, e hitaande 1995 o nanngaa, o ñaawaa wonde o jeyaa ko e kuudetaa peewnaaɗo, hay so tawii o seppii wonde o alaa ella. Nde o woni e kasoo ndee, o wonti Kerecee’en jibinaaɗo, tawi ko providentialism ina tiiɗtini no feewi e yi’annde makko aduna caggal ɗuum. O woppitaama caggal maayde Abacha e hitaande 1998. Obasanjo naati e politik wooteeji, o wonti kanndidaa PDP e wooteeji hooreleydaagu 1999, ɗi o dañi. Ko o hooreejo leydi, o woppi politik militeer en, kamɓe ɗiɗo fof ɓe njaajni polis, ɓe moofti konu ngam haɓaade fitinaaji leƴƴi, diineeji, e seernaaɓe jaajɗi. O itti sooje'en lesdi Naajeeriya diga lesdi Siyeraa Leone, o hokki hukuumaaji pamari feere-feere ngam ustugo ceede lesdi ndi'i. O artiraa e woote 2003. E nder miijooji Pan-Afrik, o woniino daraniiɗo no feewi sosde Dental Afrik, o woniino hooreejo mayre tuggi 2004 haa 2006. Eɓɓooje Obasanjo ngam waylude doosɗe leydi ngam ittude keeri manndaa hooreejo leydi, ɗe njahraani no haanirta nii, ɗe ngaddani ɗum ñiŋooje. Caggal nde o woppi golle, o heɓi doktoraa makko e ganndal diine to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde National Open to leydi Najeriya. Nguurndam gadano Baaba Olusegun Obasanjo, Obasanjo Bankole, jeyaa ko e ardiiɓe hoɗɓe e sosɓe wuro Igbogun Olaogun e fuɗɗoode kitaale 1920. Hay so tawii ko o demoowo keewɗo jawdi, o jom jawdi en, omo hiisee wonde miskiino sabu o jeyaaka e yimɓe jannguɓe e nder leydi Yoruba. Bankole hawri e Bernice Ashabi, njulaagu tokooso to Igbogun, kamɓe ɗiɗo fof ɓe resndi. Ɓeeɗoo ɗiɗo ina njogii ɓiɓɓe ɗiɗo heddiiɓe e nder jeegom : Olusegun e Adunni Oluwola, miñiiko debbo gooto. E wiyde paaspoor makko, Olusegun Obasanjo jibinaa ko ñalnde 5 marse 1937 hay so tawii noon alaa ko winndaa e mum hannde, ñalngu nguu ko limto ɓadiiɗo. Olusegun ko jeyaaɗo e Laamu Owu. O mawni ko e Baptiste. Debbo makko caggal mum naati lislaam ngam resde gorko juulɗo.[9] E duuɓi sappo e go'o, o naati duɗal leslesal wuro ngo,[10] caggal duuɓi tati, e hitaande 1951, o naati duɗal Baptist Day to nokku Owu to Abeokuta.[11] E hitaande 1952 o arti e duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde sukaaɓe Baptist,[12] kadi e nder wuro ngo. Feccere e njoɓdi duɗal makko ko dokke laamu.[13] Obasanjo waɗii ko moƴƴi e jaŋde,[14] e nder duɗal o wonti Boy Scout keewɗo faayiida.[15] Hay so tawii alaa ko holliti wonde e oon sahaa o tawtoraama kala pelle politik,[15] ko e nder duɗal hakkundeewal Obasanjo salii innde makko adannde "Matthew" ngam wonde golle luulndiiɗe koloñaal.[16] E nder ɗuum, baaba Obasanjo woppi debbo mum e sukaaɓe mum ɗiɗo.[17] Nde o yani e baasal, yumma Obasanjo ina foti golloraade njulaagu ngam wuurde.[15] Ngam yoɓugo ceede janngirde maako, Obasanjo ɗon huuwa haa gese kakawo e kola, ɗon ligga, ɗon mooɓa leɗɗe, ɗon sooda ceene mahooɓe. E nder balɗe udditgol duɗal ngal kadi o golliima e duɗal ngal, omo taƴa huɗo e golle juuɗe goɗɗe.[18] E hitaande 1956, Obasanjo waɗi jaŋde mum hakkundeere, caggal nde o ñamli kaalis ngam yoɓde njoɓdi naatgol.[19] E oon hitaande kadi, o fuɗɗii jokkondirde e Oluremi Akinlawon, ɓiy Owu mawɗo station. Ɓe ndarniino dewgal haa hitaande 1958.[20] O yalti duɗal, o fayi Ibadan, o ƴetti golle jannginde. Ko ɗoon o jooɗii e ekzamen naatgol to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Ibadan, kono hay so o jaɓii o tawi o waawaa yoɓde njoɓdi jaŋde.[19] Ndeen Obasanjo fellitii jokkude golle mum e nder konu leydi Najeriya, ngam heɓde ngal gollal, e hitaande 1958 o jaabiima eɓɓoore ngam janngude ofiseeji cadet e nder konu leydi Najeriya.[21][22] Fuɗɗoode golle konu (1958-1966) Heblo konu: 1958-1959 E lewru marse 1958, Obasanjo naati e konu leydi Najeriya.[23] O yi’i ɗum ko fartaŋŋe jokkude jaŋde makko tawa omo heɓa njoɓdi;[24] o humpitaaki ɗoon e ɗoon ɓesngu makko, o hulii wonde jibnaaɓe makko ina njaɓa ɗum.[25] Ko e oon sahaa konu leydi Najeriya ina jokki e juuɗe laamu koloñaal leydi Najeriya, ngam heblude ndimaagu leydi Najeriya timmungu, kadi ina waɗi eɓɓooje ngam heɓde yimɓe leydi Najeriya ɓurɓe heewde e nder darnde konu mum.[25] Ndeen o neldaama to duɗal jaŋde ofiseeji jooɗɗi to Teshie to leydi Gana.[23] Nde o woni caggal leydi, o neldi ɓataakeeji e dokke to jom suudu makko to leydi Najeriya.[20] E lewru suwee 1958, o suɓaa ngam ɓeydaade heblo lebbi jeegom to duɗal Mons Officer Cadet to Aldershot, to fuɗnaange Angalteer. Obasanjo yiɗaa ɗum toon, o sikkatnoo ko ɗum juɓɓule njiyaagu e njiyaagu, o tawi ina saɗi ko jokkondiri e dumunna Engele ɓurɗo toowde e ɓuuɓde.[26] Nde semmbini miijooji makko bonɗi e laamu Biritaan e hakke mum laamaade e dow laamuuji mum koloñaal en.[24] To Mons, o heɓi komisoŋ e seedantaagal to bannge innde. Nde Obasanjo woni to leydi Angalteer, yumma mum maayi. Baaba makko ndeen maayi ko hitaande caggal ɗuum.[27] E hitaande 1959, Obasanjo arti Nijeer. Ko ɗoon o artiraa to Kaduna, o woni subaltern infanterie e bataliyoŋ joyaɓo.[27] Wakkati maako haa Kaduna woni wakkati arandejum nde Obasanjo jooɗi haa nokkure nde juulɓe ɗuuɗi.[27] Ko nde o woni toon, e lewru Oktoobar 1960, leydi Nijeer wonti leydi ndimaagu.[28][22] Kiiriis Konngo: 1960-1961 Ƴeew kadi: Kiriis Konngo Caggal ɗuum seeɗa, bataliyoŋ joyaɓo neldaa to Konngo ngam jeyeede e konu Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe ngam haɓaade jam. Ko ɗoon bataliyoŋ oo woni e nder diiwaan Kivu, tawi ko ɗoon woni Bukavu.[28] To leydi Konngo, Obasanjo e woɗɓe ina njoginoo darnde reende siwil en, haa arti noon e leñol Belsik, e soldateeɓe murtuɓe e laamu Patrice Lumumba.[28] E lewru feebariyee 1961, Obasanjo nanngaa e juuɗe murtuɓe nde o ummotoo e misiyoŋaaji katolik en e nder dingiral sara Bukavu. Mutinooɓe ɓee miijinoo ko warde mo kono ɓe njamiraama yo ɓe njaltu. E lewru mee 1961, bataliyoŋ joyaɓo ummii Konngo, arti Najeriya.[28] E nder wolde nde, o toɗɗaama kapiteen wakkati.[24] O teskiima caggal ɗuum wonde sahaa mo o woni e Konngo oo ina semmbina "fervour pan-africain" bataliyoŋ makko.[28] Gartugol e leydi Konngo: 1961-1966 Nde o arti, Obasanjo soodi oto makko gadano, o naati e opitaal ko juuti sabu rafi reedu. Nde o selli, o artiraa e Korse Innjiniyaaruuji konu. E hitaande 1962 o jooɗii to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Royal College to Angalteer. Ko ɗoon o ɓuri waawde, o siforaa ko "almuudo Commonwealth ɓurɗo waawde". Oon hitaande, o yoɓi Akinlawon ngam yahde Londres ɗo o waawi naatde e kursus heblo. Ɓeeɗoo ɗiɗo resndi ɗum ko e lewru suwee 1963 to biro binnditagol Camberwell Green, ɓe nganndini ɓesnguuji maɓɓe tan caggal nde ɓe mbaɗi hiirde ndee.E ndeen hitaande, Obasanjo yamiraama yo o hoot to leydi Nijeer, hay so tawii debbo makko ina heddii to Londres duuɓi tati goɗɗi ngam timminde jaŋde makko. Nde o naati Naajeeriya, Obasanjo hoosi ardungal konu Innjiniyaaruuji ladde, jooɗiiɗum haa Kaduna. E nder konu, Obasanjo ina jokki e yahrude yeeso e nder darɗe, o wonti mawɗo e hitaande 1965. O huutoriima ngalu makko ngam soodde leydi, e fuɗɗoode kitaale 1960 o heɓi jawdi to Ibadan, Kaduna, e Lagos. E hitaande 1965, Obasanjo neldaa leydi Inndo. E nder laawol, o yilliima debbo makko to Londres. To leydi Indiya, o janngi to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde toppitiingal ko fayti e cellal to Wellington, caggal ɗuum to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Innjiniyaaruuji to Poona. Obasanjo hulɓinii e heege nde o seedtii e nder leydi Indiya hay so tawii o ƴettii nafoore e pinal leydi ndii, huunde nde addani mo janngude defte diineeji nannditooji. Hare nder leydi Naajeeriya Winndannde mawnde: Hare nder leydi Najeriya Golle makko ko adii wolde hakkunde leyɗeele: 1966-1967 Obasanjo ummi Naajeeriya nder lewru January hitaande 1966 ngam heɓugo lesdi ndi'i nder kuudetaa konu ngu Major Emmanuel Ifeajuna ardii. Obasanjo ina jeyaa e jeertinɓe wonde ngonka kaa ina waawi jippaade e wolde nder leydi.O hollitii wonde maa o won hakkunde ƴaañooɓe kuudetaa e laamu siwil, ngu rokki laamu nguu e juuɗe hooreejo konu Johnson Aguiyi-Ironsi. Nde kuudetaa oo ronki, Olusegun hawri e Ironsi to Lagos. Ironsi ɓooyaani ko timmini fedde nde e nder leydi Najeriya rewrude e yamiroore mum kawral e lewru mee 1966, huunde nde ɓuuɓni jiiɓru leƴƴi. E darorɗe lewru sulyee, kuudetaa ɗiɗmo waɗi. To wuro Ibadan, sooja'en iwdi woyla lesdi Naajeeriya ɗon ƴama, ɓe mbari Ironsi, ɓe mbari fodde teemeɗɗe ɗiɗi sooje'en ko ɓuri ɗuuɗugo ɓe iwdi lesdi Naajeeriya. Seneraal Yaakubu Gowon heɓti laamu. Nde ooɗoo kuudetaa waɗata nde Obasanjo wonnoo ko to Maiduguri. Nande ɗum, o yaawi hootde Kaduna. Ko ɗoon o tawi konu worgo ummoriiɗo e bataliyoŋ tataɓo ina ronka, ina torloo, ina wara soldateeɓe Igbo en. Gomnaajo lesdi Naajeeriya, Hassan Katsina, annditi dow koo ngam Olusegun naa Igbo, bana no o woni mo woylaare lesdi Naajeeriya, o ɗon nder ɓilla haa sooja'en murtuɓe. Ngam reenaade ɓe, Katsina neldi Olusegun e debbo mum ngarta Maiduguri balɗe sappo, tawi fitinaaji ɗii ina ustoo. Caggal ɗuum, Obasanjo neldi debbo mum to Lagos, tawi omo hoota Kaduna kanko e hoore makko, o woni ɗoon haa lewru Yarkomaa 1967. E oon sahaa ko kanko woni ofisee Yoruba ɓurɗo mawnude tawaaɗo to bannge worgo. E lewru Yarkomaa 1967, Obasanjo toɗɗaama to Lagos ngam wonde mawɗo Injineer konu.Hare hakkunde leƴƴi Igbo e leƴƴi worgo ina jokki e ɓeydaade, e lewru mee, ofisee konu Igbo C. Odumegwu Ojukwu hollitii jeytaare nokkuuji ɓurɗi heewde Igbo e nder fuɗnaange-rewo leydi Bi. Ñalnde 3 lewru juko, laamu leydi Najeriya neldi Obasanjo to Ibadan ngam wonde hooreejo leydi Hirnaange.Hare hakkunde konu leydi Najeriya e seernaaɓe Biafran fuɗɗii ko ñalnde 6 lewru juko. Ñalnde 9 sulyee, Ojukwu neldi koloñaal konu Biafra dow pont Niiseer ngam yiɗde heɓtude Mid-West, nokku ɗo ɓe mbaawi ummoraade Lagos. Obasanjo yiɗiino uddude laabi jahduɗi e wuro ngo. Komandaajo Yoruba biyeteeɗo Victor Banjo, ardinooɗo konu njanngu Biafran, etinooma waawnude Obasanjo yoo ɓe njaltu, kono o salii. Kuugal konu lesdi: 1967-1970 "Kolonel Olu Obasanjo, gardinooɗo diɗɗal tataɓal". Jaaynde Naajeeriya keso, hello 7, 12 lewru Yarkomaa 1970. Gagga hare nder leydi Naajeeriya e Biafra. Ndeen Obasanjo toɗɗaama hooreejo caggal diɗɗal ɗiɗaɓal Murtala Muhammed, gollotoongal to Mid-Ouest. Obasanjo woni ko e jooɗaade to Ibadan, ko kañum halfinaa Division ɗiɗaɓo oo jogaade kaɓirɗe. E nder wuro ngo, Obasanjo jannginii course ganndal konu to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Ibadan, o mahi jokkondiral makko e nder elite Yoruba. E nder wolde nde, wonno ko jiiɓru mawndu e nder Dowla Hirnaange, ngam daɗde e ɗeen caɗeele, Obasanjo woppi golle mum e nder Diiso doosɗe Hirnaange.Nde Obasanjo woɗɗi Ibadan e lewru noowammbar 1968, gure jogiiɗe kaɓirɗe ɗe fedde remooɓe Agbekoya moofti, njani e galle laamorɗo Ibadan. Konuuji ɗii njaabtii, mbari sappo e fitinaaji ɗii. Nde Obasanjo arti o yamiri yo ñaawirde ƴeewto kewuuji ɗii. Yamiroore konu: 1967-1970 "Kolonel Olu Obasanjo, gardinooɗo diɗɗal tataɓal". Jaaynde Naajeeriya keso, hello 7, 12 lewru Yarkomaa 1970. Gagga hare nder leydi Naajeeriya e Biafra. Ndeen Obasanjo toɗɗaama hooreejo caggal diɗɗal ɗiɗaɓal Murtala Muhammed, gollotoongal to Mid-Ouest. Obasanjo ina jooɗii to Ibadan, ko kañum halfinaa Division ɗiɗaɓo oo jogaade kaɓirɗe. E nder wuro ngo, Obasanjo jannginii course ganndal konu to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Ibadan, o mahi jokkondiral makko e nder elite Yoruba. E nder wolde nde, wonno ko jiiɓru mawndu e nder Dowla Hirnaange, ngam daɗde e ɗeen geɗe, Obasanjo woppi golle e nder Diiso doosɗe Dowla Hirnaange. Nde Obasanjo woɗɗi Ibadan e lewru noowammbar 1968, wuro ngo ina jogii balɗe, ngo fedde remooɓe Agbekoya moofti, yani e galle laamorɗo Ibadan. Konuuji ɗii njaabtii, mbari sappo e fitinaaji ɗii. Nde Obasanjo arti o yamiri yo ñaawirde ƴeewto kewuuji ɗii. Gowon felliti lomtaade Kolonel Benjamin Adekunle, ardinooɗo njanngu Biafra, kono ina haani Yoruba mawɗo goɗɗo. O suɓii ko Obasanjo, hay so tawii noon o alaa humpito hare. Obasanjo arii Port Harcourt ngam heɓtude golle ɗee ñalnde 16 mee 1969 ; o ardii hannde hakkunde 35 000 e 40 000 soldaat. O waɗii jonte jeegom gadane ɗee ko e riiwtude njangu Biafran e Aba. O yilliima kala nokku e yeeso, o gaañiiɗo e waɗde ɗum. Ɗee golle ngaddi mo innde cuusal e nder worɓe makko E lewru desaambar, Obasanjo fuɗɗii golle Finishing Touch, yamiri konu mum yo yahru yeeso feewde Umuahia, ngu ɓe ƴetti ñalnde Natal. Ɗum taƴii Biafra e feccere. Ñalnde 7 lewru Yarkomaa 1970, o ummini ndeen « Operation Tail-Wind », o heɓti laana ndiwoowa Uli ñalnde 12 lewru Yarkomaa. E oon sahaa, ardiiɓe Biafran njaɓi yoɓde. Ñalnde 13 lewru nduu, Obasanjo jokkondiri e komandaajo konu Biafran biyeteeɗo Philip Effiong. Obasanjo wi'i sooja'en Biafran hokka balmi maɓɓe, nden boo suɓol ardiiɓe lesdi ndi'i ɗon yaha Lagos, ɓe hokka Gowon dow laawol. Janngo mum, Obasanjo haali e rajo diiwaan oo, o wiyi ɓiɓɓe leydi ndi yo njokku e galleeji mum en, o dartina kisal mum en. Biafranaaɓe heewɓe e jaayɗe goɗɗe ina kuli wonde konu leydi Najeriya ina waawi waɗde bonanndeeji keewɗi e yimɓe foolɓe ɓee, hay so tawii noon Obasanjo ina yiɗi haɗde ɗum. O yamiri konu makko e nder diiwaan hee yo heddo e nder galleeji mum en, jokkude wonde polis nokku oo ina foti ƴettude kuule ngam ƴellitde sariya e deeƴre. Division tataɓo, ɓurɗo woɗɗude, waɗii hareeji warngooji e yimɓe nokku oo. Obasanjo ina tiiɗi e waɗooɓe bonannde ndee, sibu waɗɓe warngooji ɗii mberlaama, waɗɓe warngooji ɗii mbardaa. Laamu Gowon waɗi Obasanjo kalfinaaɗo naatnude Biafra e nder leydi Najeriya, e nder oon darnde o heɓi teddungal ngam teeŋtinde mawngu. Ko o injenieer, o teeŋtinii artirde jolngo ndiyam ; haa lewru mee 1970 gure mawɗe diiwaan oo fof njokkondirii e jolngo ndiyam. Darnde Obasanjo e timminde wolde nde waɗi mo jaambaaro wolde, kadi ko o neɗɗo ganndiraaɗo e nder leydi Najeriya. Kuugal maako ɓaawo konu lesdi: 1970-1975 E lewru suwee 1970, Obasanjo arti Abeokuta, jamaanu jaɓɓii mo no jaambaaro garoowo nii. Ndeen o neldaama to Lagos, o woni Brigadier gardinooɗo Korse Innjiniyankooɓe. E lewru oktoobar, Gowon hollitii wonde laamu militeer en ina rokka laamu nguu laamu siwil e hitaande 1976. E nder ɗuum, haɗde lanndaaji politik ina heddii e doole ; Gowon yahri yeeso seeɗa e sosde laamu siwil. E les laamu sooja'en, Obasanjo jooɗi nder goomu limngal sooja'en lesdi Naajeeriya, ko laarani limngal sooja'en lesdi Naajeeriya nder duuɓi 1970. E hitaande 1974 Obasanjo yahi to leydi Angalteer ngam janngude to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Royal College to bannge diine. Nde o arti, e lewru Yarkomaa 1975 Gowon toɗɗii mo Komisariyaa Golle e Koɗki, golle ɗe o joginoo fotde lebbi jeeɗiɗi, e nder ɗuum o ɓuri waawde mahde kaɓirɗe konu. E hitaande 1970, Obasanjo soodi sosiyatee Libannaajo ɓooyɗo to Ibadan, o gollini heen awokaa ngam ƴellitde ɗum. E hitaande 1973 o winnditii fedde wiyeteende Temperance Enterprises Limited, nde o waawi waɗde heen golle njulaagu caggal nde o woppi golle konu. O jokki kadi e waɗde heen jawdi ; e hitaande 1974 o joginoo galleeji ɗiɗi to Lagos e gooto fof to Ibadan e Abeokuta. Haalaaji ummii wonde Obasanjo ina jokki e waɗde njulaagu nguu ina ɓeydoo yaajde e nder leydi Najeriya, hay so tawii noon alaa ko holliti ɗum ko laaɓti. Dewgal makko e Oluremi wonti caɗeele nde o salii jokkondiral makko e rewɓe woɗɓe. E cakkital kitaale 1970 dewgal maɓɓe fusi. E hitaande 1976 o resi Stella Abebe e nder kewu aadaaji Yoruba. E nder laamu Murtala Kuudetaa 1975 e caggal mum Binndanɗe mawɗe: Kuudetaa laamu Nijeer e hitaande 1975 e Kawtal konu Nijeer (1966–1979) E lewru sulyee 1975, kuudetaa e gardagol Shehu Muusaa Yar’Adua e Yuusuf Garba liɓi Gowon, o dogi fayti Angalteer. Ɓe kaalaani Obasanjo e peeje maɓɓe nde tawnoo omo anndiraa wonde kuudetaa ko kuutorgal waylude laamu. Kuudetaaji ɗii njiɗnoo ko lomtinde laamu otokaraasi Gowon nguu e laamu tati (triumvirate) brigadieruuji tati ɗi Diiso Toowngo Konu ina waawi haɗde kuule mum en. Ngalɗoo laamu tati, ɓe cemmbini Seneraal Murtala Muhammed yo won hooreejo leydi, Obasanjo woni ɗiɗaɓo e gardagol mum, Danjuma woni tataɓo. Daartoowo biyeteeɗo John Iliffe teskiima wonde e nder triumvirate, Obasanjo ko « puccu gollordu e ngaandi » , ko kanko ɓuri yaawde hootde e laamu siwil. E nder heen, triumvirate oo naatni peeje ustude ngalu ngam haɗde inflation, sosi Biro toppitiiɗo ko fayti e golle bonɗe, lomtini guwerneeruuji militeer en ɗii fof ofiseeji kesi, ɓe cifotoo ko Obasanjo woni hooreejo konu, ɓe puɗɗii "Operation Deadwood" mo ɓe ndartini ofiseeji civil 11,000. Mawɗo gollordu, suudu sarɗiiji: 1975–76 E lewru oktoobar 1975, laamu nguu hollitii peeje ngam waɗde woote ɗe mbaɗata ngam laamu siwil e lewru oktoobar 1979. Ngu hollitii kadi peeje ngam sosde goomu ngam ƴettude doosgal leydi kesal, tawi ko Obasanjo ɓuri waawde suɓaade terɗe goomu nguu 49. E dow wasiyaaji Komiseer Irifeke, laamu nguu hollitii kadi sosde dowlaaji jeeɗiɗi kesi ; e dow tiiɗnaare Obasanjo, Abeokuta ina foti wonde laamorgo gooto e ɗeen dowlaaji kesi, hono Ogun. Kadi dow wasiyaaji komitiiru ndun, ɓe anndini anniyaaji seeɗa-seeɗa ngam wurtinki laamorgo lesdi Naajeeriya diga Lagos haa Abuja ɓurduɗum caka. E lewru Yarkomaa 1976, Obasanjo e Danjuma fof ƴettaa e jappeere Lietnaa-Seneraal. Murtala e Obasanjo fof ina ndartini darnde ngam haɗde koloñaal Oropnaaɓe jokkude e njiimaandi ɓaleeɓe tokosɓe e nder Afrik worgo, ɗum noon ko huunde nde ɓe cuɓii e politik maɓɓe caggal leydi. Ngolɗoo sabaabu ina ɓeydoo wontude ngoƴa Obasanjo. Caggal nde Angolaa heɓti jeytaare mum e juuɗe Portigaal, wolde ɓesngu addi e leydi hee. Naajeeriya anndi laabi laamu ngu MPLA, fedde marxist en nde Dental Sowiyet walli, sabu laamu luulndiingu FNLA e UNITA ina mballita e laamu ɓaleeɓe tokosɓe to Afrik worgo. Ko jiidaa e rokkude MPLA ballal kaalis, Niiseer fuɗɗiima ƴattaade leyɗeele Afrik goɗɗe ngam kadi jaɓde njuɓɓudi MPLA, e fuɗɗoode hitaande 1976 ko ɓuri heewde e dowlaaji e nder Fedde Ngootaagu Afrik (OAU) mbaɗii ɗum. E lewru feebariyee 1976, Obasanjo ardii delegaasiyoŋ Najeriya ngam mawninde hitaande MPLA to Luanda, ɗo o wiyi : « ko ñalngu maantiniingu, ko ɗum fuɗɗoode hare sakkitiinde ngam haɓaade koloñaal, imperiyaalisma e njiyaagu e nder Afrik ». Warngo Murtala : 13 feebariyee 1976 E lewru feebariyee 1976, kolonel Buka Suka Dimka waɗi kuudetaa e laamu Nijeer, tawi ko ndeen Seneraal Murtala Muhammed waraa. Eɓɓoore kadi waɗaama e nguurndam Obasanjo, kono neɗɗo mo fotaani waraa. Dimka ŋakkiraa ballal mawngal e nder militeer en, kuudetaa makko ronki, ɗum addani mo dogde. Obasanjo tawtoraaki wirwirnde Murtala to Kano, kono o hollitii laamu nguu ina jogori yoɓde mahngo juulirde e nokku ɗo o wirnaa ɗoo. Caggal nde o waraa, Obasanjo tawtoraama batu Diiso Toowngo Konu. O hollitii yiɗde makko woppude laamu, kono Diiso ngoo heɓiino ɗaɓɓude yo o lomto Murtala e gardagol leydi ndii. Ko ɗum waɗi o wonti hooreejo diiso ngoo.E nder kulhuli makko e ɓeydagol eɓɓooji e nguurndam makko, Obasanjo naati e nder kasoo Dodan, tawi 39 neɗɗo tuumaaɗo wonde e nder kuudetaa Dimka mbaraa, ɗum jibini tuumeede wonde jaabawol Obasanjo ngol ina heewi. Ko Obasanjo woni hooreejo leydi ndi, o huniima jokkude dawrugol Murtala. Hooreejo leydi konu (1976-1979) Triumvirat konu E anndude kulhuli gonɗi e woɗɗude yimɓe woyla Naajeeriya, Obasanjo addi Seneraal Shehu Yar'Adua ngam lomtaade mo e ɗiɗaɓo e gardagol hooreejo konu, gardiiɗo jaagorɗe toowɗo timminoowo triumvirate militeer en, Obasanjo woni hooreejo leydi e Seneraal Theophilus Stajumabli ngam laamaade dow tato we- laamu konu. Obasanjo hirjinii jeewte e nanondiral hakkunde Diiso Toowngo Konu. Heewɓe ina kaawaa hol ko waɗi Obasanjo – hono Yoruba e Kerecee – toɗɗaade Yar’Adua, tergal e aristokraasi worgo, yo won gardiiɗo ɗiɗaɓo mum, wonaa banndiiko Yoruba Kerecee. Obasanjo teeŋtinii kulhuli ngenndiiji e dow ɗi diiwanuuji ɗii ; o hirjini sukaaɓe e mawɓe fof nde njanngata fodoore ngenndiire hesere ndee e jimɗi ngenndiiji ɗii. Nafoore heɓde miijooji ɓurɗi yaajde, ñalnde aset kala omo waɗa seminar mo alaa ko woni e mum so wonaa toɓɓere nde yimɓe ɓe ngonaa politikaaji e gollotooɓe laamu noddata. Ina jeyaa e ɓe o ɗaɓɓirta wasiyaaji mum en, annduɓe lislaam e mawɓe aadaaji. Politik faggudu Obasanjo wondude e hooreejo leydi Amerik biyeteeɗo Jimmy Carter to galle laamorɗo Amerik e hitaande 1977 E cakkital kitaale 1970, leydi Naajeeriya ina joginoo faggudu ɓurndu heewde doole, tawi noon ko 34% e inflation. Ngam haɓugo bee caɗeele faggudu lesdi Naajeeriya, Obasanjo tokki dabareeji cemmbiɗinki ceede ngam ustugo ceede laamu. E nder bidsee makko 1976, Obasanjo eɓɓi ustude njoɓdi laamu nguu fotde feccere, ustude eɓɓaaɗe tedduɗe, tawa ina ɓeyda njoɓdi jaŋde, cellal, galleeji, e ndema. O sosi kadi goomu ngam haɓaade inflation, e nder hitaande wootere caggal nde Obasanjo heɓi laamu, inflation ustii haa 30%. Obasanjo ina heewi yiɗde ñamlude kaalis, kono e ballal Banke Adunayankeewo e Fonds Monétaire International, Nijeer ƴetti ñamlude miliyaaruuji 1 dolaar e fedde bankeeji. Ɓeen ñiŋooɓe leftist en mbiyi wonde waɗde ɗum ina addana leydi ndii ɗooftaade kapitaalisma. E nder duuɓi ɗiɗi garooji ɗii, laamu Obasanjo, Nijeer ƴettii 4 983 miliyoŋ dolaar goɗɗo. Naajeeriya ina wondi e ɓeydagol fotde 3% hitaande kala e nder kitaale 1970, huunde nde fotnoo ɓeydaade fotde laabi ɗiɗi e nder duuɓi 25 seeɗa. Obasanjo teskiima caggal ɗuum wonde o anndaa ɗum e oon sahaa, sibu laamu makko alaa politik e ƴellitde yimɓe. Ɓeydagol yimɓe leydi Naajeeriya addani ɓe ɓeydaade yaawde e nder gure mawɗe e ŋakkeende cuuɗi e nder gure. Ngam haɓaade ɗum, bidsee Obasanjo e hitaande 1976 hollitii peeje mahngo 200 000 galle keso haa hitaande 1980, hay so tawii noon ko 28 500 tan mahaa.E hitaande 1976, laamu Obasanjo kadi hollitii wonde ina jogori ƴellitde renndo e cogguuli. Ngam haɓaade jiiɓru seppooji gollotooɓe, e hitaande 1976 laamu Obasanjo yaltinii sariyaaji cifotooɗi ko ɓuri heewde e gollorɗe mawɗe ko sarwisaaji baɗɗi faayiida, haɗi seppooji e nder mum en, yamiri nanngugol ardiiɓe senndikaaji jiiɓru. E hitaande 1978 nde hawriti senndikaaji 42 e nder fedde wootere nde gollotooɓe e leydi Nijeer. Obasanjo jokki bee taskaramji tati mawɗi ngam ndiyam haa woyla lesdi Naajeeriya ɗi arannde anndinaama les Murtala: taskaramji maayo Kano, taskaramji Bakalori, e taskaramji ndiyam Chad Sud. Laamu makko kadi jokki eɓɓooji ƴellitaare ndema puɗɗanooɗi to Funtua, Gusau, e Gombe. Won eɓɓaaɗe ƴellitgol laddeeji kadi puɗɗaama ngam haɗde njiimaandi Saharaa to bannge worgo. Ngam heɓde ko ɓuri heewde e ɗaɓɓaande leydi ndii e kuuraa, Obasanjo ardiima udditgol eɓɓaaɗe ɗiɗi kese ngam ƴellitde kuuraa e nder ndiyam e ƴulɓe. Industry petrol heddii ko huunde mawnde e faggudu leydi Naajeeriya e les laamu Obasanjo, ministeer petrol hawtii e fedde petroŋ leydi Naajeeriya ngam sosde fedde petroŋ leydi Naajeeriya (NNPC). Obasanjo kadi wallitii sosde lowre liggorde to Bonny, nde NNPC yoɓi 62% ; eɓɓaande ndee ko lomto makko woppi ɗum e nder ɓeydagol coodguuli. Obasanjo jokki kadi e peewnugol njuɓɓudi njamndi mboɗeeri Ajaokuta, eɓɓaande ndonaandi nde heewɓe e ñiŋooɓe e nder sarwisaaji laamu mbiyata ko nde waawataa huutoreede. E nder cakkital kitaale 1970, Naajeeriya kadi ina wondi e ustaare ndema, ko ɗum huunde nde laamuuji jokkondirɗi ɗii njiyti ko ɓuri hoybude e naatde e nguura e nder leydi ndii. E lewru mee 1976, Obasanjo fuɗɗii « Operation Feed the Nation » (Operation Feed the Nation), woni eɓɓaande ngam wuurtinde ndema tokoosa, tawi ina jeyaa heen yoɓeede almudɓe ngam remde e nder balɗe juulde. Eɓɓaande ndee ina waɗi kadi momtugol njoɓɗeele e nguura jawdi e kaɓirɗe ndema, e ballal kuutoragol tovo ngo, e ustude njoɓɗeele ndema. E lewru marse 1978, Obasanjo yaltini kuulal kuutoragol leydi ndi rokki laamu nguu hakkeeji jeyi leydi e dow leydi ndii kala. Ɗum waɗiraa ko ngam haɗde njulaagu leydi e njulaagu leydi, kadi addani ɗum yetteede e bannge nano leydi Najeriya hay so tawii noon ko galleeji keewɗi jogiiɗi leydi njiɗaa ɗum. Obasanjo yiyri ɗum ko e geɗe teeŋtuɗe laamu mum. Obasanjo wallitorii reentaade Gowon ngam waɗde heen jawdi mum caggal leydi, o jokki e ɗeen politikaaji. Politik faggudu ngenndiyankaagal e nder sekteeruuji teeŋtuɗi ina usta njulaagu keeriiɗo, ɗum addani ɗum ustude njulaagu, hay so tawii noon daraniiɓe ɗum ɓee ina njetta Obasanjo ngam dartinde diisnondiral kaalis so renndinaama e ardiiɓe mum. Politikuuji nder leydi O (Obasanjo) jokki e ƴamol jaŋde leslesre winndereyankoore e nder leydi Najeriya, politik ronkaama e Gowon. O naatini sariya jaŋde leslesre e hitaande 1976 ; hakkunde 1975–76 e 1979–80, binnditagol e duɗe leslese ɗe njoɓaaka kono ɗe njiɗaa, ɓeydiima gila e miliyoŋaaji 6 haa 12,5 miliyoŋ, hay so tawii noon jannginooɓe e kaɓirɗe ina ŋakki ngam waawde huutoraade ɗaɓɓaande ndee. E hitaande jaŋde 1977–78, Obasanjo naatni jaŋde hakkundeere nde alaa ko yoɓetee e fannuuji karallaagal, huunde nde yaajnaa e denndaangal jaŋde hakkundeere e hitaande 1979–80. E oon sahaa gooto, leydi Naajeeriya ustii kaalis jaŋde toownde ; e hitaande 1978 nde woppi rokkude ñamaale almudɓe, nde ɓeydi fotde laabi tati njoɓdi nguura e hoɗorde duɗe jaaɓi haaɗtirde. Seppooji janngooɓe mbaɗi e nder gure keewɗe, waɗii warngooji baɗnooɗi e nder wuro Lagos e Zaria. E nder jaabawol fitinaaji ɗii, Obasanjo udditi duɗe jaaɓi-haaɗtirde keewɗe, haɗi golle politik e nder duɗe jaaɓi-haaɗtirde, haɗi kadi fedde janngooɓe leydi Najeriya. Tiiɗnaare ɗeen peeje ina gasa tawa ko sabu tuumeede wonde fitinaaji almudɓe ɗii ina njokkondiri e kuudetaa militeer peewnaaɗo e lewru feebariyee 1978. Obasanjo ina mettini e jikkuuji almudɓe seppooɓe ɓee, o wiyi wonde ɗum ina hollita ruttaade e nafooje aadaaji ko wayi no hormaade almudɓe. Ngam batte ɓamtaare laamu Naajeeriya, leydi ndi yi’i ɓamtaare mawnde nder kuuɗe laamu. Seedeeji peeñii ko feewti e fenaande mawnde e nder laamu leydi ndii, tee, so tawii tuume ɗee ina keewi waɗeede e Obasanjo e hoore mum, alaa seedeeji tiiɗɗi peeñi. Ngam haɗde natal njulaagu e nder laamu, laamu Obasanjo haɗii huutoraade otooji Mercedes ngam waɗde otooji laamu, e lomtaade ɗum en, ɓe mbaɗti heen otooji Peugeot 504 ɓurɗi hoybude Naatgol champagne kadi haɗaama. E ƴaañde taƴgol konu, laamu Obasanjo yiyri 12 000 soldaat ina ndartinaa e nder duuɓi 1976 e 1977. Ɗee konu njalti ko e nokkuuji kesi ngam wallitde ɗum en e jokkondirde e nguurndam siwil en. Obasanjo kadi ina tuuma wonde ko kañum woni sabaabu ƴaañgol politik. E nder yeewtere wootere maantiniinde, koɗorɗe jimoowo e daraniiɗo politik Najeriya biyeteeɗo Fela Kuti, Republique Kalakuta, yani, yani haa laaɓi, caggal nde tergal e fedde makko hawri e yimɓe konu. Fela e ɓesngu mum piyi, njuppaa, yumma mum mawɗo, daraniiɗo politik e yumma mum sosɗo Chief Funmilayo Ransome Kuti, werlaa e windo. Ɗum addani mo gaañiiɓe no feewi, haa arti noon e maayde makko. Fela caggal ɗuum nawti kees to galle hooreejo leydi ndii e oon sahaa to Dodan Barracks to Lagos ngam salaade ƴaañde laamu nguu e politik. Politik caggal leydi Hooreejo leydi Amerik biyeteeɗo Jimmy Carter ina wondi e Obasanjo e njillu mum to leydi Najeriya e hitaande 1978 Obasanjo ina yiɗi tabitinde leydi Najeriya no ardorde mawnde e nder Afrik nii, e nder laamu makko, doole mum e nder duunde nde ɓeydiima. O ummini dabare Gowon ngam waɗugo julde ɗiɗaɓre nder duuniyaaru ngam naalankaaku e pinal ɓaleeɓe e afriknaajo haa lesdi Naajeeriya; ɗum waɗi ko to Lagos e lewru feebariyee 1977, hay so tawii noon ñaawooɓe nder leydi ndii mbiyi ko ɗum huunde nde alaa ko nafata. Obasanjo hokkii ɗuuɗal teddungal dow Dental Faggudu lesɗe Afrik Hirnaange (ECOWAS) nden o mettini ɗuuɗɓe nder terɗe maako ɗemngal Farayse ɓaawo o wi'i, bana no Naajeeriya ɓuri wallugo ceede ngam hukuuma kan, Naajeeriya foti jaɓɓaago hukuumaaji pamari ɗin haa Lagos. Jokkondiral e Ganaa ɓadiiɗo kadi ustii ; e hitaande 1979, leydi Nijeer taƴii petroŋ e nder leydi ndii ngam salaade warngooji luulndiiɓe politik ɗi laamu kesu ngu Jerry Rawlings wari. E laamu Obasanjo, Naajeeriya ustii jokkondiral mum juutngal e leydi Angalteer, ɓeydi jokkondirde e leyɗeele dentuɗe Amerik. Obasanjo ina yiɗi laamu hooreejo leydi Amerik biyeteeɗo Jimmy Carter, cuɓaaɗo e hitaande 1976, sabu Carter ina joginoo darnde tiiɗnde ngam tabitinde laamu ɓurngu heewde e Afrik worgo. Ambasadeer Carter to leydi Nijeer, hono Andrew Young, waɗii sehilaagal tiiɗngal e Obasanjo, Carter yilliima leydi Nijeer e hitaande 1978. Kono tan, kuulal ngam waylude alkule ɗee waɗiraa ko ngam dalillaaji laaɓtuɗi, wonaa miijooji ; yiytude petroŋ e nder maayo worgo firti ko Angalteer wontii ƴaañoowo wonaa soodoowo petroŋ Nijeer.Laamu Obasanjo kadi ina mettini heen no feewi nde Angalteer salii yoɓde Gowon, ina sikka wonde laamu Angalteer ina waawi wonde e kuudetaa mo Murtala waɗi. Ngam ɗeeɗoo hujjaaji, e hitaande 1976 nde miijii dartinde jokkondiral dipolomaasi e Angalteer, kono haa jooni nde dartinaani. Obasanjo noon saliima yahde Angalteer, o semmbini ardiiɓe makko waɗde ɗum. Jokkondiral ngal ɓeydii bonde nde Margaret Thatcher wonti gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi Angalteer e hitaande 1979, o fuɗɗii waɗde feere ɓurnde welde e njuɓɓudi laamu ɓaleeɓe tokosɓe to Rodesi e Afrik worgo. E nder jaabawol ngol, Naajeeriya nanngi laanawol ndiyam lesdi Naajeeriya, ngol ɓe tammi ɗon nastina petrol Naajeeriya haa lesdi Naajeeriya, ɓe haɗi hukuumaaji pamari Biritaniya ngam heɓugo kuuɗe Naajeeriya, ɓe nastini kuuɗe BP haa lesdi Naajeeriya. Obasanjo ina yiɗi kadi yaawnaade joofnude laamu ɓaleeɓe tokosɓe e nder Afrik worgo ; e wiyde Iliffe, ɗum wonti « cakkital politik makko caggal leydi ». Naajeeriya hokki ballal ngam haɓugo bee laamu daneeji nder diiwal ngal, hokki hukuumaaji pamari ɗi'i uddita birooji haa Lagos, nden hokki hukuumaaji pamari ɗin ɗon hokka mooɓgal feere-feere dogguɓe laamuuji lesdi Afrika fombinaari. E ƴettude peeje tiiɗɗe ngam haɓaade laamu apartaayd to Afrik worgo, Obasanjo hollitii wonde Nijeer naatataa e Olimpiyaaji 1976 sabu leydi Nuwel Selannde, tawtoraaɗo kawgel ngel, ina joginoo jokkondiral e Afrik worgo, leydi ndi haɗaa tawtoreede kawgel ngel sabu apartaayd. E hitaande 1977, Obasanjo haɗi kala kontraaji jokkondirɗi e Afrik worgo golloraade e nder leydi Nijeer ; sosiyateeji mawɗi ɗi njippii ɗii ko petroŋ Angalteer e Banke Barclays. E ndeen hitaande kadi, leydi Nijeer yuɓɓinii batu Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe ngam haɓaade apartaayd to Lagos, Obasanjo yilliima Amerik e lewru oktoobar ɗo o wiyi leydi ndii yo woppu yeeyde kaɓirɗe to Afrik worgo. Nde o woni nder leydi ndi'i o wolwi haa kawtal hoore lesdi ndi'i nden asaweeje ɗiɗi ɓaawo man Naajeeriya heɓi jooɗorde nder kawtal lesdi ndi'i. Fiilde Margaret Thatcher e hitaande 1979 ngam wonde gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi Angalteer, addani jokkondiral Angalteer e Niiseer bonnude ; Obasanjo miijii ko o yurmeende no feewi e laamuuji daneeji tokoosi e nder Afrik worgo Luulndaade laamu ɓaleeɓe tokosɓe e nder leydi Rodesi, addaniino hare Bush e nder leydi Rodesi, laamu Obasanjo ina jokki e wiyde wonde ko hare balɗe tan woni feere ngam foolde laamu Rodesi. O hirjinii ngootaagu hakkunde pelle ceertuɗe luulndiiɗe laamu toon, o wiyi Robert Mugabe, hooreejo ZANU, yo jaɓ ardaade luulndiiɗo makko, hono Joshua Nkomo mo ZAPU. E hitaande 1977, Angalteer e Amerik ciifi eɓɓaaɗe ngam waylude laamu ɓurngu heewde e Rodesi, e nder yonta mo leydi ndii woni e les njiimaandi doole Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe. Obasanjo jaɓii eɓɓaande ndee, o yilliima Tansani, Sammbi, Mosammbik, e Republiik Demokaratik Konngo ngam wiyde laamuuji mum en yo mbaɗ noon. Kono caggal nde Thatcher wonti gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi Angalteer, leydi Nijeer woɗɗitii hoore mum e darnde Angalteer ngam haɗde wolde Bush Rhodesian, o woppitaa kala darnde teeŋtunde e nder golle ɗe Angalteer waɗi, ɗe ngaddani wooteeji demokaraasi ɗi leƴƴi keewɗi mbaɗi e hitaande... Ko o hooreejo leydi, Obasanjo tawtoraama batuuji OAU. E oon sahaa yuɓɓinaa e lewru sulyee 1977, o eɓɓi sosde goomu jooɗiiɗo ngam haɓaade luural hakkunde leyɗeele jeyaaɗe e OAU. E batu 1978, o jeertinii wonde banngeeji ɗiɗi ɗii fof ina poti naatde e wolde huuɓtodinnde. E nder batu garoowo oo, o wiyi yo konu Pan-Afriknaajo sose, baawɗo waɗde golle ngam hisnude jam e nder duunde he. Ngam ɓamtuki darnde lesdi Naajeeriya nder duuniyaaru, Obasanjo nasti nder kuuɗe feere-feere ɗe lesdi Naajeeriya nder Afrika fuu. E hitaande 1977, o heɓtinii Benin e Togo yoo ndartin luural hakkunde keeri mum en, nguddita keeri mum en. O etinooma kadi haɓaade luural hakkunde leyɗeele keewɗe Fuɗnaange Afrik, o haɗa ɗum kadi ruttaade e Dental Fuɗnaange Afrik, kono o dañii heen caɗeele. Ko o hooreejo goomu jokkondire OAU, o etinooma jokkondire Ogaden hakkunde Ecoppi e Somali kono kadi o dañaani. O waawaano kadi feewnude luural peeñngal hakkunde Angalteer e leydi Konngo. E innde OAU, Obasanjo waɗii batu to Kano ngam haɓaade hare hakkunde leyɗeele Caad. Feddeeji keewɗi njaɓii darnude wolde, sosde laamu ngootaagu ngenndi, e accude konu leydi Najeriya ina waɗa jam. Hare nden noon jokki, Naajeeriya jaabtii e taƴde petroŋ mum to Caad. Koolol ɗiɗmol ko faati e hare ndee waɗii to Lagos e lewru ut 1979, ɗum addani laamu nguu sosde laamu nguu, ngu juutaani. E hitaande sakkitiinde e laamu makko konu, o ardii golle OAU ngam safrude wolde Saharaa hirnaange. Jaltugol laamu Laamu militeer en hawri ko e goomu ƴettugol doosɗe leydi ngam ƴettude doosgal kesal potngal huutoreede e nder mbayliigu laamu siwil. Goomu nguu hollitii wonde Naajeeriya ina foti waylude laamu mum, ngu tuugii ko e laamu parlemaa leydi Angalteer, ngu tuugnii e laamu hooreejo leydi Amerik, ɗo hooreejo leydi gooto cuɓaaɗo woni hooreejo leydi e hooreejo laamu. Ngam haɗude oo hooreejo leydi wontude diktatoor, hono no waɗirnoo e nokkuuji goɗɗi e nder Afrik nii, o ɗaɓɓi ƴeewndorɗe keewɗe e doole maɓɓe, haa arti noon e njuɓɓudi fedde nde, ɗo juɓɓule cuɓaaɗe keertiiɗe ngoni ɗoo e to bannge fedde, to bannge dowri, to bannge nokkuuji. Eɓɓaande doosgal leydi ndii yaltinaa ko e lewru oktoobar 1976, nde yeewtidaa e yeeso yimɓe fof e hitaande aroore ndee.Asamblee doosgal leydi hawri ngam yeewtidde e eɓɓaande doosgal leydi ndii e lewru oktoobar 1977. Asaambele leydi ndii ina jokki e ƴeewde hol darnde nde sariya sharia rokkata e nder doosgal leydi ndii. Obasanjo noddii dental ngal, o jeertini ɓe batte kuulal ngal ɓe mbaɗi e renndo, o wiyi ɓe yo ɓe ƴettu jikkuuji ɓurɗi moƴƴude. E lewru suwee 1978, Diiso toowngo konu (Conseil suprême militaire) habri doosɗe leydi kese ɗee ; nde waɗiino waylooji keewɗi e mbaydi ndi asaambele doosgal leydi ndii ƴetti. Yanti e doosgal kesal ngal, Obasanjo itti haɗde lanndaaji politik. Ndeen pelle keewɗe mbaɗii ngam tawtoreede wooteeji garooji ɗii, ko ɓuri teeŋtude heen ko lannda ngootaagu Yoruba, lannda yimɓe Naajeeriya, e lannda ngenndiijo Naajeeriya. Obasanjo mettini heen no feewi nde tawnoo heewɓe e dawriyankooɓe ina mbaɗa fodoore nde ɓe mbaawataa ɗooftaade. Woote ɗee mbaɗi ko e nder lewru sulyee e lewru ut 1979. Wootooɓe ɓee ina pamɗi, ko hakkunde 30 e 40% e wootooɓe winnditiiɓe e sariya, tee ina waɗi fenaande banngeeji keewɗi, hay so tawii noon ko jam. Wonno ko jeewte ko fayti e hol keɓɗo woote hooreleydaagu, Obasanjo salii ñaawde, o wiyi yo Komisariyaa woote ƴetta oon darnde.Ɓe kollitii wonde Shehu Shagari woni keɓɗo, huunde nde gardiiɗo ɗiɗaɓo oo, hono Obafemi Awolowo, luulndii to Ñaawirde Toownde, tawi o dañaani heen nafoore. Shagari ƴetti laamu ko e lewru oktoobar 1979 ; e nder kewu udditgol makko, Obasanjo rokki Shagari koppi doosgal leydi kesal. Ko ɗum woni fuɗɗoode Republique ɗiɗaɓere leydi Najeriya. Darnde Obasanjo nder wartirki lesdi Naajeeriya haa laamu siwil, ɗum laatoto darnde woore nde o jogi nder duuɓi cappanɗe ɗiɗi garooji. Kono yimɓe heewɓe e nder leydi ndii e caggal leydi, ina jeyaa heen hooreejo leydi Zambie, hono Kenneth Kaunda e hooreejo leydi Togo, hono Gnassingbé Eyadéma, ina ɗaɓɓi e makko yo o heddo e laamu. Jaɓde makko wallitde Awolowo, banndiiko Yoruba, addani mo gaño ko heewi e elite Yoruba. Awolowo tuumi Obasanjo ko kanko woni orkestraaji Shagari, huunde nde Obasanjo yeddi no feewi. cvhmn6wqcriclovl73ej7q9tpjclywa 175749 175748 2026-06-22T20:02:41Z Ilya Discuss 10103 #1Lib1Ref 175749 wikitext text/x-wiki Mawɗo Olusegun Matthew Okikiola Ogunboye Aremu Obasanjo GCFR (// C; Yoruba: Olúṣẹ́gun Ọbásanjọ́ [ōlúʃɛ́ɡũ̄ ɔ̄básã̄d͡ʒɔ́] R; jibinaa ko c. ndema, e gonnooɗo seneraal konu gonnooɗo hooreejo leydi Naajeeriya gila 1976 haa 1979, caggal ɗuum o woni hooreejo leydi ndii gila 1999 haa 2007. To bannge miijo, ko o ngenndiyanke Naajeeriya, o jeyaa ko e lannda Demokaraasi Leƴƴi (PDP) gila 1998 haa 2019. Obasanjo jibinaa ko e wuro Ibogun-Olaogun, e nder galle remoowo, jeyaaɗo e leñol Owu, Obasanjo janngi ko ɓuri heewde e wuro wiyeteengo Abeokuta, to diiwaan Ogun. O naati konu leydi Naajeeriya, o janngi ko faati e inndeeji, o golliima to Konngo, Angalteer, e Inndo, o arti e darnde Major. E darorɗe kitaale 1960, o waɗii darnde mawnde e haɓaade seernaaɓe Biafra e nder wolde hakkunde leyɗeele Nijeer, o jaɓi dogde e hitaande 1970. E hitaande 1975, kuudetaa konu sosi junta e Obasanjo e nder laamu mum tati. Caggal nde hooreejo triumvirate, hono Murtala Muhammed, waraa e hitaande rewtunde ndee, Diiso toowngo konu toɗɗii Obasanjo hooreejo leydi ndii. Jokkude politik Murtala, Obasanjo ƴeewtindiima taƴgol bidsee e yaajnude jaŋde ekkolaaji ɗi ngalaa njoɓdi. Ɓesdugo hawtuki lesdi Naajeeriya bee lesdi Amerika, o teddini kadi ballal pelle luutndiiɗe laamu ɓaleeɓe pamari nder Afrika woylaare. Obasanjo ɗon mari haaje wartirgo demokaraasi, o ardi woote 1979, ɓaawo man o hokki laamu lesdi Naajeeriya haa hooreejo lesdi siwil keso, Shehu Shagari. Ndeen Obasanjo artii e golle mum to Ota, Ogun, ɗo o wonti demoowo, o yaltini defte nay, o tawtoraama eɓɓooji winndereeji ngam joofnude hareeji Afrik ceertuɗi. E hitaande 1993, Sani Abacha heɓti laamu e kuudetaa konu. Obasanjo ina ñiŋa laamu Abacha e peeñcu, e hitaande 1995 o nanngaa, o ñaawaa wonde o jeyaa ko e kuudetaa peewnaaɗo, hay so tawii o seppii wonde o alaa ella. Nde o woni e kasoo ndee, o wonti Kerecee’en jibinaaɗo, tawi ko providentialism ina tiiɗtini no feewi e yi’annde makko aduna caggal ɗuum. O woppitaama caggal maayde Abacha e hitaande 1998. Obasanjo naati e politik wooteeji, o wonti kanndidaa PDP e wooteeji hooreleydaagu 1999, ɗi o dañi. Ko o hooreejo leydi, o woppi politik militeer en, kamɓe ɗiɗo fof ɓe njaajni polis, ɓe moofti konu ngam haɓaade fitinaaji leƴƴi, diineeji, e seernaaɓe jaajɗi. O itti sooje'en lesdi Naajeeriya diga lesdi Siyeraa Leone, o hokki hukuumaaji pamari feere-feere ngam ustugo ceede lesdi ndi'i. O artiraa e woote 2003. E nder miijooji Pan-Afrik, o woniino daraniiɗo no feewi sosde Dental Afrik, o woniino hooreejo mayre tuggi 2004 haa 2006. Eɓɓooje Obasanjo ngam waylude doosɗe leydi ngam ittude keeri manndaa hooreejo leydi, ɗe njahraani no haanirta nii, ɗe ngaddani ɗum ñiŋooje. Caggal nde o woppi golle, o heɓi doktoraa makko e ganndal diine to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde National Open to leydi Najeriya. Nguurndam gadano Baaba Olusegun Obasanjo, Obasanjo Bankole, jeyaa ko e ardiiɓe hoɗɓe e sosɓe wuro Igbogun Olaogun e fuɗɗoode kitaale 1920. Hay so tawii ko o demoowo keewɗo jawdi, o jom jawdi en, omo hiisee wonde miskiino sabu o jeyaaka e yimɓe jannguɓe e nder leydi Yoruba. Bankole hawri e Bernice Ashabi, njulaagu tokooso to Igbogun, kamɓe ɗiɗo fof ɓe resndi. Ɓeeɗoo ɗiɗo ina njogii ɓiɓɓe ɗiɗo heddiiɓe e nder jeegom : Olusegun e Adunni Oluwola, miñiiko debbo gooto. E wiyde paaspoor makko, Olusegun Obasanjo jibinaa ko ñalnde 5 marse 1937 hay so tawii noon alaa ko winndaa e mum hannde, ñalngu nguu ko limto ɓadiiɗo. Olusegun ko jeyaaɗo e Laamu Owu. O mawni ko e Baptiste. Debbo makko caggal mum naati lislaam ngam resde gorko juulɗo.[9] E duuɓi sappo e go'o, o naati duɗal leslesal wuro ngo,[10] caggal duuɓi tati, e hitaande 1951, o naati duɗal Baptist Day to nokku Owu to Abeokuta.[11] E hitaande 1952 o arti e duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde sukaaɓe Baptist,[12] kadi e nder wuro ngo. Feccere e njoɓdi duɗal makko ko dokke laamu.[13] Obasanjo waɗii ko moƴƴi e jaŋde,[14] e nder duɗal o wonti Boy Scout keewɗo faayiida.[15] Hay so tawii alaa ko holliti wonde e oon sahaa o tawtoraama kala pelle politik,[15] ko e nder duɗal hakkundeewal Obasanjo salii innde makko adannde "Matthew" ngam wonde golle luulndiiɗe koloñaal.[16] E nder ɗuum, baaba Obasanjo woppi debbo mum e sukaaɓe mum ɗiɗo.[17] Nde o yani e baasal, yumma Obasanjo ina foti golloraade njulaagu ngam wuurde.[15] Ngam yoɓugo ceede janngirde maako, Obasanjo ɗon huuwa haa gese kakawo e kola, ɗon ligga, ɗon mooɓa leɗɗe, ɗon sooda ceene mahooɓe. E nder balɗe udditgol duɗal ngal kadi o golliima e duɗal ngal, omo taƴa huɗo e golle juuɗe goɗɗe.[18] E hitaande 1956, Obasanjo waɗi jaŋde mum hakkundeere, caggal nde o ñamli kaalis ngam yoɓde njoɓdi naatgol.[19] E oon hitaande kadi, o fuɗɗii jokkondirde e Oluremi Akinlawon, ɓiy Owu mawɗo station. Ɓe ndarniino dewgal haa hitaande 1958.[20] O yalti duɗal, o fayi Ibadan, o ƴetti golle jannginde. Ko ɗoon o jooɗii e ekzamen naatgol to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Ibadan, kono hay so o jaɓii o tawi o waawaa yoɓde njoɓdi jaŋde.[19] Ndeen Obasanjo fellitii jokkude golle mum e nder konu leydi Najeriya, ngam heɓde ngal gollal, e hitaande 1958 o jaabiima eɓɓoore ngam janngude ofiseeji cadet e nder konu leydi Najeriya.[21][22] Fuɗɗoode golle konu (1958-1966) Heblo konu: 1958-1959 E lewru marse 1958, Obasanjo naati e konu leydi Najeriya.[23] O yi’i ɗum ko fartaŋŋe jokkude jaŋde makko tawa omo heɓa njoɓdi;[24] o humpitaaki ɗoon e ɗoon ɓesngu makko, o hulii wonde jibnaaɓe makko ina njaɓa ɗum.[25] Ko e oon sahaa konu leydi Najeriya ina jokki e juuɗe laamu koloñaal leydi Najeriya, ngam heblude ndimaagu leydi Najeriya timmungu, kadi ina waɗi eɓɓooje ngam heɓde yimɓe leydi Najeriya ɓurɓe heewde e nder darnde konu mum.[25] Ndeen o neldaama to duɗal jaŋde ofiseeji jooɗɗi to Teshie to leydi Gana.[23] Nde o woni caggal leydi, o neldi ɓataakeeji e dokke to jom suudu makko to leydi Najeriya.[20] E lewru suwee 1958, o suɓaa ngam ɓeydaade heblo lebbi jeegom to duɗal Mons Officer Cadet to Aldershot, to fuɗnaange Angalteer. Obasanjo yiɗaa ɗum toon, o sikkatnoo ko ɗum juɓɓule njiyaagu e njiyaagu, o tawi ina saɗi ko jokkondiri e dumunna Engele ɓurɗo toowde e ɓuuɓde.[26] Nde semmbini miijooji makko bonɗi e laamu Biritaan e hakke mum laamaade e dow laamuuji mum koloñaal en.[24] To Mons, o heɓi komisoŋ e seedantaagal to bannge innde. Nde Obasanjo woni to leydi Angalteer, yumma mum maayi. Baaba makko ndeen maayi ko hitaande caggal ɗuum.[27] E hitaande 1959, Obasanjo arti Nijeer. Ko ɗoon o artiraa to Kaduna, o woni subaltern infanterie e bataliyoŋ joyaɓo.[27] Wakkati maako haa Kaduna woni wakkati arandejum nde Obasanjo jooɗi haa nokkure nde juulɓe ɗuuɗi.[27] Ko nde o woni toon, e lewru Oktoobar 1960, leydi Nijeer wonti leydi ndimaagu.[28][22] Kiiriis Konngo: 1960-1961 Ƴeew kadi: Kiriis Konngo Caggal ɗuum seeɗa, bataliyoŋ joyaɓo neldaa to Konngo ngam jeyeede e konu Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe ngam haɓaade jam. Ko ɗoon bataliyoŋ oo woni e nder diiwaan Kivu, tawi ko ɗoon woni Bukavu.[28] To leydi Konngo, Obasanjo e woɗɓe ina njoginoo darnde reende siwil en, haa arti noon e leñol Belsik, e soldateeɓe murtuɓe e laamu Patrice Lumumba.[28] E lewru feebariyee 1961, Obasanjo nanngaa e juuɗe murtuɓe nde o ummotoo e misiyoŋaaji katolik en e nder dingiral sara Bukavu. Mutinooɓe ɓee miijinoo ko warde mo kono ɓe njamiraama yo ɓe njaltu. E lewru mee 1961, bataliyoŋ joyaɓo ummii Konngo, arti Najeriya.[28] E nder wolde nde, o toɗɗaama kapiteen wakkati.[24] O teskiima caggal ɗuum wonde sahaa mo o woni e Konngo oo ina semmbina "fervour pan-africain" bataliyoŋ makko.[28] Gartugol e leydi Konngo: 1961-1966 Nde o arti, Obasanjo soodi oto makko gadano, o naati e opitaal ko juuti sabu rafi reedu. Nde o selli, o artiraa e Korse Innjiniyaaruuji konu. E hitaande 1962 o jooɗii to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Royal College to Angalteer. Ko ɗoon o ɓuri waawde, o siforaa ko "almuudo Commonwealth ɓurɗo waawde". Oon hitaande, o yoɓi Akinlawon ngam yahde Londres ɗo o waawi naatde e kursus heblo. Ɓeeɗoo ɗiɗo resndi ɗum ko e lewru suwee 1963 to biro binnditagol Camberwell Green, ɓe nganndini ɓesnguuji maɓɓe tan caggal nde ɓe mbaɗi hiirde ndee.E ndeen hitaande, Obasanjo yamiraama yo o hoot to leydi Nijeer, hay so tawii debbo makko ina heddii to Londres duuɓi tati goɗɗi ngam timminde jaŋde makko. Nde o naati Naajeeriya, Obasanjo hoosi ardungal konu Innjiniyaaruuji ladde, jooɗiiɗum haa Kaduna. E nder konu, Obasanjo ina jokki e yahrude yeeso e nder darɗe, o wonti mawɗo e hitaande 1965. O huutoriima ngalu makko ngam soodde leydi, e fuɗɗoode kitaale 1960 o heɓi jawdi to Ibadan, Kaduna, e Lagos. E hitaande 1965, Obasanjo neldaa leydi Inndo. E nder laawol, o yilliima debbo makko to Londres. To leydi Indiya, o janngi to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde toppitiingal ko fayti e cellal to Wellington, caggal ɗuum to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Innjiniyaaruuji to Poona. Obasanjo hulɓinii e heege nde o seedtii e nder leydi Indiya hay so tawii o ƴettii nafoore e pinal leydi ndii, huunde nde addani mo janngude defte diineeji nannditooji. Hare nder leydi Naajeeriya Winndannde mawnde: Hare nder leydi Najeriya Golle makko ko adii wolde hakkunde leyɗeele: 1966-1967 Obasanjo ummi Naajeeriya nder lewru January hitaande 1966 ngam heɓugo lesdi ndi'i nder kuudetaa konu ngu Major Emmanuel Ifeajuna ardii. Obasanjo ina jeyaa e jeertinɓe wonde ngonka kaa ina waawi jippaade e wolde nder leydi.O hollitii wonde maa o won hakkunde ƴaañooɓe kuudetaa e laamu siwil, ngu rokki laamu nguu e juuɗe hooreejo konu Johnson Aguiyi-Ironsi. Nde kuudetaa oo ronki, Olusegun hawri e Ironsi to Lagos. Ironsi ɓooyaani ko timmini fedde nde e nder leydi Najeriya rewrude e yamiroore mum kawral e lewru mee 1966, huunde nde ɓuuɓni jiiɓru leƴƴi. E darorɗe lewru sulyee, kuudetaa ɗiɗmo waɗi. To wuro Ibadan, sooja'en iwdi woyla lesdi Naajeeriya ɗon ƴama, ɓe mbari Ironsi, ɓe mbari fodde teemeɗɗe ɗiɗi sooje'en ko ɓuri ɗuuɗugo ɓe iwdi lesdi Naajeeriya. Seneraal Yaakubu Gowon heɓti laamu. Nde ooɗoo kuudetaa waɗata nde Obasanjo wonnoo ko to Maiduguri. Nande ɗum, o yaawi hootde Kaduna. Ko ɗoon o tawi konu worgo ummoriiɗo e bataliyoŋ tataɓo ina ronka, ina torloo, ina wara soldateeɓe Igbo en. Gomnaajo lesdi Naajeeriya, Hassan Katsina, annditi dow koo ngam Olusegun naa Igbo, bana no o woni mo woylaare lesdi Naajeeriya, o ɗon nder ɓilla haa sooja'en murtuɓe. Ngam reenaade ɓe, Katsina neldi Olusegun e debbo mum ngarta Maiduguri balɗe sappo, tawi fitinaaji ɗii ina ustoo. Caggal ɗuum, Obasanjo neldi debbo mum to Lagos, tawi omo hoota Kaduna kanko e hoore makko, o woni ɗoon haa lewru Yarkomaa 1967. E oon sahaa ko kanko woni ofisee Yoruba ɓurɗo mawnude tawaaɗo to bannge worgo. E lewru Yarkomaa 1967, Obasanjo toɗɗaama to Lagos ngam wonde mawɗo Injineer konu.Hare hakkunde leƴƴi Igbo e leƴƴi worgo ina jokki e ɓeydaade, e lewru mee, ofisee konu Igbo C. Odumegwu Ojukwu hollitii jeytaare nokkuuji ɓurɗi heewde Igbo e nder fuɗnaange-rewo leydi Bi. Ñalnde 3 lewru juko, laamu leydi Najeriya neldi Obasanjo to Ibadan ngam wonde hooreejo leydi Hirnaange.Hare hakkunde konu leydi Najeriya e seernaaɓe Biafran fuɗɗii ko ñalnde 6 lewru juko. Ñalnde 9 sulyee, Ojukwu neldi koloñaal konu Biafra dow pont Niiseer ngam yiɗde heɓtude Mid-West, nokku ɗo ɓe mbaawi ummoraade Lagos. Obasanjo yiɗiino uddude laabi jahduɗi e wuro ngo. Komandaajo Yoruba biyeteeɗo Victor Banjo, ardinooɗo konu njanngu Biafran, etinooma waawnude Obasanjo yoo ɓe njaltu, kono o salii. Kuugal konu lesdi: 1967-1970 "Kolonel Olu Obasanjo, gardinooɗo diɗɗal tataɓal". Jaaynde Naajeeriya keso, hello 7, 12 lewru Yarkomaa 1970. Gagga hare nder leydi Naajeeriya e Biafra. Ndeen Obasanjo toɗɗaama hooreejo caggal diɗɗal ɗiɗaɓal Murtala Muhammed, gollotoongal to Mid-Ouest. Obasanjo woni ko e jooɗaade to Ibadan, ko kañum halfinaa Division ɗiɗaɓo oo jogaade kaɓirɗe. E nder wuro ngo, Obasanjo jannginii course ganndal konu to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Ibadan, o mahi jokkondiral makko e nder elite Yoruba. E nder wolde nde, wonno ko jiiɓru mawndu e nder Dowla Hirnaange, ngam daɗde e ɗeen caɗeele, Obasanjo woppi golle mum e nder Diiso doosɗe Hirnaange.Nde Obasanjo woɗɗi Ibadan e lewru noowammbar 1968, gure jogiiɗe kaɓirɗe ɗe fedde remooɓe Agbekoya moofti, njani e galle laamorɗo Ibadan. Konuuji ɗii njaabtii, mbari sappo e fitinaaji ɗii. Nde Obasanjo arti o yamiri yo ñaawirde ƴeewto kewuuji ɗii. Yamiroore konu: 1967-1970 "Kolonel Olu Obasanjo, gardinooɗo diɗɗal tataɓal". Jaaynde Naajeeriya keso, hello 7, 12 lewru Yarkomaa 1970. Gagga hare nder leydi Naajeeriya e Biafra. Ndeen Obasanjo toɗɗaama hooreejo caggal diɗɗal ɗiɗaɓal Murtala Muhammed, gollotoongal to Mid-Ouest. Obasanjo ina jooɗii to Ibadan, ko kañum halfinaa Division ɗiɗaɓo oo jogaade kaɓirɗe. E nder wuro ngo, Obasanjo jannginii course ganndal konu to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Ibadan, o mahi jokkondiral makko e nder elite Yoruba. E nder wolde nde, wonno ko jiiɓru mawndu e nder Dowla Hirnaange, ngam daɗde e ɗeen geɗe, Obasanjo woppi golle e nder Diiso doosɗe Dowla Hirnaange. Nde Obasanjo woɗɗi Ibadan e lewru noowammbar 1968, wuro ngo ina jogii balɗe, ngo fedde remooɓe Agbekoya moofti, yani e galle laamorɗo Ibadan. Konuuji ɗii njaabtii, mbari sappo e fitinaaji ɗii. Nde Obasanjo arti o yamiri yo ñaawirde ƴeewto kewuuji ɗii. Gowon felliti lomtaade Kolonel Benjamin Adekunle, ardinooɗo njanngu Biafra, kono ina haani Yoruba mawɗo goɗɗo. O suɓii ko Obasanjo, hay so tawii noon o alaa humpito hare. Obasanjo arii Port Harcourt ngam heɓtude golle ɗee ñalnde 16 mee 1969 ; o ardii hannde hakkunde 35 000 e 40 000 soldaat. O waɗii jonte jeegom gadane ɗee ko e riiwtude njangu Biafran e Aba. O yilliima kala nokku e yeeso, o gaañiiɗo e waɗde ɗum. Ɗee golle ngaddi mo innde cuusal e nder worɓe makko E lewru desaambar, Obasanjo fuɗɗii golle Finishing Touch, yamiri konu mum yo yahru yeeso feewde Umuahia, ngu ɓe ƴetti ñalnde Natal. Ɗum taƴii Biafra e feccere. Ñalnde 7 lewru Yarkomaa 1970, o ummini ndeen « Operation Tail-Wind », o heɓti laana ndiwoowa Uli ñalnde 12 lewru Yarkomaa. E oon sahaa, ardiiɓe Biafran njaɓi yoɓde. Ñalnde 13 lewru nduu, Obasanjo jokkondiri e komandaajo konu Biafran biyeteeɗo Philip Effiong. Obasanjo wi'i sooja'en Biafran hokka balmi maɓɓe, nden boo suɓol ardiiɓe lesdi ndi'i ɗon yaha Lagos, ɓe hokka Gowon dow laawol. Janngo mum, Obasanjo haali e rajo diiwaan oo, o wiyi ɓiɓɓe leydi ndi yo njokku e galleeji mum en, o dartina kisal mum en. Biafranaaɓe heewɓe e jaayɗe goɗɗe ina kuli wonde konu leydi Najeriya ina waawi waɗde bonanndeeji keewɗi e yimɓe foolɓe ɓee, hay so tawii noon Obasanjo ina yiɗi haɗde ɗum. O yamiri konu makko e nder diiwaan hee yo heddo e nder galleeji mum en, jokkude wonde polis nokku oo ina foti ƴettude kuule ngam ƴellitde sariya e deeƴre. Division tataɓo, ɓurɗo woɗɗude, waɗii hareeji warngooji e yimɓe nokku oo. Obasanjo ina tiiɗi e waɗooɓe bonannde ndee, sibu waɗɓe warngooji ɗii mberlaama, waɗɓe warngooji ɗii mbardaa. Laamu Gowon waɗi Obasanjo kalfinaaɗo naatnude Biafra e nder leydi Najeriya, e nder oon darnde o heɓi teddungal ngam teeŋtinde mawngu. Ko o injenieer, o teeŋtinii artirde jolngo ndiyam ; haa lewru mee 1970 gure mawɗe diiwaan oo fof njokkondirii e jolngo ndiyam. Darnde Obasanjo e timminde wolde nde waɗi mo jaambaaro wolde, kadi ko o neɗɗo ganndiraaɗo e nder leydi Najeriya. Kuugal maako ɓaawo konu lesdi: 1970-1975 E lewru suwee 1970, Obasanjo arti Abeokuta, jamaanu jaɓɓii mo no jaambaaro garoowo nii. Ndeen o neldaama to Lagos, o woni Brigadier gardinooɗo Korse Innjiniyankooɓe. E lewru oktoobar, Gowon hollitii wonde laamu militeer en ina rokka laamu nguu laamu siwil e hitaande 1976. E nder ɗuum, haɗde lanndaaji politik ina heddii e doole ; Gowon yahri yeeso seeɗa e sosde laamu siwil. E les laamu sooja'en, Obasanjo jooɗi nder goomu limngal sooja'en lesdi Naajeeriya, ko laarani limngal sooja'en lesdi Naajeeriya nder duuɓi 1970. E hitaande 1974 Obasanjo yahi to leydi Angalteer ngam janngude to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Royal College to bannge diine. Nde o arti, e lewru Yarkomaa 1975 Gowon toɗɗii mo Komisariyaa Golle e Koɗki, golle ɗe o joginoo fotde lebbi jeeɗiɗi, e nder ɗuum o ɓuri waawde mahde kaɓirɗe konu. E hitaande 1970, Obasanjo soodi sosiyatee Libannaajo ɓooyɗo to Ibadan, o gollini heen awokaa ngam ƴellitde ɗum. E hitaande 1973 o winnditii fedde wiyeteende Temperance Enterprises Limited, nde o waawi waɗde heen golle njulaagu caggal nde o woppi golle konu. O jokki kadi e waɗde heen jawdi ; e hitaande 1974 o joginoo galleeji ɗiɗi to Lagos e gooto fof to Ibadan e Abeokuta. Haalaaji ummii wonde Obasanjo ina jokki e waɗde njulaagu nguu ina ɓeydoo yaajde e nder leydi Najeriya, hay so tawii noon alaa ko holliti ɗum ko laaɓti. Dewgal makko e Oluremi wonti caɗeele nde o salii jokkondiral makko e rewɓe woɗɓe. E cakkital kitaale 1970 dewgal maɓɓe fusi. E hitaande 1976 o resi Stella Abebe e nder kewu aadaaji Yoruba. E nder laamu Murtala Kuudetaa 1975 e caggal mum Binndanɗe mawɗe: Kuudetaa laamu Nijeer e hitaande 1975 e Kawtal konu Nijeer (1966–1979) E lewru sulyee 1975, kuudetaa e gardagol Shehu Muusaa Yar’Adua e Yuusuf Garba liɓi Gowon, o dogi fayti Angalteer. Ɓe kaalaani Obasanjo e peeje maɓɓe nde tawnoo omo anndiraa wonde kuudetaa ko kuutorgal waylude laamu. Kuudetaaji ɗii njiɗnoo ko lomtinde laamu otokaraasi Gowon nguu e laamu tati (triumvirate) brigadieruuji tati ɗi Diiso Toowngo Konu ina waawi haɗde kuule mum en. Ngalɗoo laamu tati, ɓe cemmbini Seneraal Murtala Muhammed yo won hooreejo leydi, Obasanjo woni ɗiɗaɓo e gardagol mum, Danjuma woni tataɓo. Daartoowo biyeteeɗo John Iliffe teskiima wonde e nder triumvirate, Obasanjo ko « puccu gollordu e ngaandi » , ko kanko ɓuri yaawde hootde e laamu siwil. E nder heen, triumvirate oo naatni peeje ustude ngalu ngam haɗde inflation, sosi Biro toppitiiɗo ko fayti e golle bonɗe, lomtini guwerneeruuji militeer en ɗii fof ofiseeji kesi, ɓe cifotoo ko Obasanjo woni hooreejo konu, ɓe puɗɗii "Operation Deadwood" mo ɓe ndartini ofiseeji civil 11,000. Mawɗo gollordu, suudu sarɗiiji: 1975–76 E lewru oktoobar 1975, laamu nguu hollitii peeje ngam waɗde woote ɗe mbaɗata ngam laamu siwil e lewru oktoobar 1979. Ngu hollitii kadi peeje ngam sosde goomu ngam ƴettude doosgal leydi kesal, tawi ko Obasanjo ɓuri waawde suɓaade terɗe goomu nguu 49. E dow wasiyaaji Komiseer Irifeke, laamu nguu hollitii kadi sosde dowlaaji jeeɗiɗi kesi ; e dow tiiɗnaare Obasanjo, Abeokuta ina foti wonde laamorgo gooto e ɗeen dowlaaji kesi, hono Ogun. Kadi dow wasiyaaji komitiiru ndun, ɓe anndini anniyaaji seeɗa-seeɗa ngam wurtinki laamorgo lesdi Naajeeriya diga Lagos haa Abuja ɓurduɗum caka. E lewru Yarkomaa 1976, Obasanjo e Danjuma fof ƴettaa e jappeere Lietnaa-Seneraal. Murtala e Obasanjo fof ina ndartini darnde ngam haɗde koloñaal Oropnaaɓe jokkude e njiimaandi ɓaleeɓe tokosɓe e nder Afrik worgo, ɗum noon ko huunde nde ɓe cuɓii e politik maɓɓe caggal leydi. Ngolɗoo sabaabu ina ɓeydoo wontude ngoƴa Obasanjo. Caggal nde Angolaa heɓti jeytaare mum e juuɗe Portigaal, wolde ɓesngu addi e leydi hee. Naajeeriya anndi laabi laamu ngu MPLA, fedde marxist en nde Dental Sowiyet walli, sabu laamu luulndiingu FNLA e UNITA ina mballita e laamu ɓaleeɓe tokosɓe to Afrik worgo. Ko jiidaa e rokkude MPLA ballal kaalis, Niiseer fuɗɗiima ƴattaade leyɗeele Afrik goɗɗe ngam kadi jaɓde njuɓɓudi MPLA, e fuɗɗoode hitaande 1976 ko ɓuri heewde e dowlaaji e nder Fedde Ngootaagu Afrik (OAU) mbaɗii ɗum. E lewru feebariyee 1976, Obasanjo ardii delegaasiyoŋ Najeriya ngam mawninde hitaande MPLA to Luanda, ɗo o wiyi : « ko ñalngu maantiniingu, ko ɗum fuɗɗoode hare sakkitiinde ngam haɓaade koloñaal, imperiyaalisma e njiyaagu e nder Afrik ». Warngo Murtala : 13 feebariyee 1976 E lewru feebariyee 1976, kolonel Buka Suka Dimka waɗi kuudetaa e laamu Nijeer, tawi ko ndeen Seneraal Murtala Muhammed waraa. Eɓɓoore kadi waɗaama e nguurndam Obasanjo, kono neɗɗo mo fotaani waraa. Dimka ŋakkiraa ballal mawngal e nder militeer en, kuudetaa makko ronki, ɗum addani mo dogde. Obasanjo tawtoraaki wirwirnde Murtala to Kano, kono o hollitii laamu nguu ina jogori yoɓde mahngo juulirde e nokku ɗo o wirnaa ɗoo. Caggal nde o waraa, Obasanjo tawtoraama batu Diiso Toowngo Konu. O hollitii yiɗde makko woppude laamu, kono Diiso ngoo heɓiino ɗaɓɓude yo o lomto Murtala e gardagol leydi ndii. Ko ɗum waɗi o wonti hooreejo diiso ngoo.E nder kulhuli makko e ɓeydagol eɓɓooji e nguurndam makko, Obasanjo naati e nder kasoo Dodan, tawi 39 neɗɗo tuumaaɗo wonde e nder kuudetaa Dimka mbaraa, ɗum jibini tuumeede wonde jaabawol Obasanjo ngol ina heewi. Ko Obasanjo woni hooreejo leydi ndi, o huniima jokkude dawrugol Murtala. Hooreejo leydi konu (1976-1979) Triumvirat konu E anndude kulhuli gonɗi e woɗɗude yimɓe woyla Naajeeriya, Obasanjo addi Seneraal Shehu Yar'Adua ngam lomtaade mo e ɗiɗaɓo e gardagol hooreejo konu, gardiiɗo jaagorɗe toowɗo timminoowo triumvirate militeer en, Obasanjo woni hooreejo leydi e Seneraal Theophilus Stajumabli ngam laamaade dow tato we- laamu konu. Obasanjo hirjinii jeewte e nanondiral hakkunde Diiso Toowngo Konu. Heewɓe ina kaawaa hol ko waɗi Obasanjo – hono Yoruba e Kerecee – toɗɗaade Yar’Adua, tergal e aristokraasi worgo, yo won gardiiɗo ɗiɗaɓo mum, wonaa banndiiko Yoruba Kerecee. Obasanjo teeŋtinii kulhuli ngenndiiji e dow ɗi diiwanuuji ɗii ; o hirjini sukaaɓe e mawɓe fof nde njanngata fodoore ngenndiire hesere ndee e jimɗi ngenndiiji ɗii. Nafoore heɓde miijooji ɓurɗi yaajde, ñalnde aset kala omo waɗa seminar mo alaa ko woni e mum so wonaa toɓɓere nde yimɓe ɓe ngonaa politikaaji e gollotooɓe laamu noddata. Ina jeyaa e ɓe o ɗaɓɓirta wasiyaaji mum en, annduɓe lislaam e mawɓe aadaaji. Politik faggudu Obasanjo wondude e hooreejo leydi Amerik biyeteeɗo Jimmy Carter to galle laamorɗo Amerik e hitaande 1977 E cakkital kitaale 1970, leydi Naajeeriya ina joginoo faggudu ɓurndu heewde doole, tawi noon ko 34% e inflation. Ngam haɓugo bee caɗeele faggudu lesdi Naajeeriya, Obasanjo tokki dabareeji cemmbiɗinki ceede ngam ustugo ceede laamu. E nder bidsee makko 1976, Obasanjo eɓɓi ustude njoɓdi laamu nguu fotde feccere, ustude eɓɓaaɗe tedduɗe, tawa ina ɓeyda njoɓdi jaŋde, cellal, galleeji, e ndema. O sosi kadi goomu ngam haɓaade inflation, e nder hitaande wootere caggal nde Obasanjo heɓi laamu, inflation ustii haa 30%. Obasanjo ina heewi yiɗde ñamlude kaalis, kono e ballal Banke Adunayankeewo e Fonds Monétaire International, Nijeer ƴetti ñamlude miliyaaruuji 1 dolaar e fedde bankeeji. Ɓeen ñiŋooɓe leftist en mbiyi wonde waɗde ɗum ina addana leydi ndii ɗooftaade kapitaalisma. E nder duuɓi ɗiɗi garooji ɗii, laamu Obasanjo, Nijeer ƴettii 4 983 miliyoŋ dolaar goɗɗo. Naajeeriya ina wondi e ɓeydagol fotde 3% hitaande kala e nder kitaale 1970, huunde nde fotnoo ɓeydaade fotde laabi ɗiɗi e nder duuɓi 25 seeɗa. Obasanjo teskiima caggal ɗuum wonde o anndaa ɗum e oon sahaa, sibu laamu makko alaa politik e ƴellitde yimɓe. Ɓeydagol yimɓe leydi Naajeeriya addani ɓe ɓeydaade yaawde e nder gure mawɗe e ŋakkeende cuuɗi e nder gure. Ngam haɓaade ɗum, bidsee Obasanjo e hitaande 1976 hollitii peeje mahngo 200 000 galle keso haa hitaande 1980, hay so tawii noon ko 28 500 tan mahaa.E hitaande 1976, laamu Obasanjo kadi hollitii wonde ina jogori ƴellitde renndo e cogguuli. Ngam haɓaade jiiɓru seppooji gollotooɓe, e hitaande 1976 laamu Obasanjo yaltinii sariyaaji cifotooɗi ko ɓuri heewde e gollorɗe mawɗe ko sarwisaaji baɗɗi faayiida, haɗi seppooji e nder mum en, yamiri nanngugol ardiiɓe senndikaaji jiiɓru. E hitaande 1978 nde hawriti senndikaaji 42 e nder fedde wootere nde gollotooɓe e leydi Nijeer. Obasanjo jokki bee taskaramji tati mawɗi ngam ndiyam haa woyla lesdi Naajeeriya ɗi arannde anndinaama les Murtala: taskaramji maayo Kano, taskaramji Bakalori, e taskaramji ndiyam Chad Sud. Laamu makko kadi jokki eɓɓooji ƴellitaare ndema puɗɗanooɗi to Funtua, Gusau, e Gombe. Won eɓɓaaɗe ƴellitgol laddeeji kadi puɗɗaama ngam haɗde njiimaandi Saharaa to bannge worgo. Ngam heɓde ko ɓuri heewde e ɗaɓɓaande leydi ndii e kuuraa, Obasanjo ardiima udditgol eɓɓaaɗe ɗiɗi kese ngam ƴellitde kuuraa e nder ndiyam e ƴulɓe. Industry petrol heddii ko huunde mawnde e faggudu leydi Naajeeriya e les laamu Obasanjo, ministeer petrol hawtii e fedde petroŋ leydi Naajeeriya ngam sosde fedde petroŋ leydi Naajeeriya (NNPC). Obasanjo kadi wallitii sosde lowre liggorde to Bonny, nde NNPC yoɓi 62% ; eɓɓaande ndee ko lomto makko woppi ɗum e nder ɓeydagol coodguuli. Obasanjo jokki kadi e peewnugol njuɓɓudi njamndi mboɗeeri Ajaokuta, eɓɓaande ndonaandi nde heewɓe e ñiŋooɓe e nder sarwisaaji laamu mbiyata ko nde waawataa huutoreede. E nder cakkital kitaale 1970, Naajeeriya kadi ina wondi e ustaare ndema, ko ɗum huunde nde laamuuji jokkondirɗi ɗii njiyti ko ɓuri hoybude e naatde e nguura e nder leydi ndii. E lewru mee 1976, Obasanjo fuɗɗii « Operation Feed the Nation » (Operation Feed the Nation), woni eɓɓaande ngam wuurtinde ndema tokoosa, tawi ina jeyaa heen yoɓeede almudɓe ngam remde e nder balɗe juulde. Eɓɓaande ndee ina waɗi kadi momtugol njoɓɗeele e nguura jawdi e kaɓirɗe ndema, e ballal kuutoragol tovo ngo, e ustude njoɓɗeele ndema. E lewru marse 1978, Obasanjo yaltini kuulal kuutoragol leydi ndi rokki laamu nguu hakkeeji jeyi leydi e dow leydi ndii kala. Ɗum waɗiraa ko ngam haɗde njulaagu leydi e njulaagu leydi, kadi addani ɗum yetteede e bannge nano leydi Najeriya hay so tawii noon ko galleeji keewɗi jogiiɗi leydi njiɗaa ɗum. Obasanjo yiyri ɗum ko e geɗe teeŋtuɗe laamu mum. Obasanjo wallitorii reentaade Gowon ngam waɗde heen jawdi mum caggal leydi, o jokki e ɗeen politikaaji. Politik faggudu ngenndiyankaagal e nder sekteeruuji teeŋtuɗi ina usta njulaagu keeriiɗo, ɗum addani ɗum ustude njulaagu, hay so tawii noon daraniiɓe ɗum ɓee ina njetta Obasanjo ngam dartinde diisnondiral kaalis so renndinaama e ardiiɓe mum. Politikuuji nder leydi O (Obasanjo) jokki e ƴamol jaŋde leslesre winndereyankoore e nder leydi Najeriya, politik ronkaama e Gowon. O naatini sariya jaŋde leslesre e hitaande 1976 ; hakkunde 1975–76 e 1979–80, binnditagol e duɗe leslese ɗe njoɓaaka kono ɗe njiɗaa, ɓeydiima gila e miliyoŋaaji 6 haa 12,5 miliyoŋ, hay so tawii noon jannginooɓe e kaɓirɗe ina ŋakki ngam waawde huutoraade ɗaɓɓaande ndee. E hitaande jaŋde 1977–78, Obasanjo naatni jaŋde hakkundeere nde alaa ko yoɓetee e fannuuji karallaagal, huunde nde yaajnaa e denndaangal jaŋde hakkundeere e hitaande 1979–80. E oon sahaa gooto, leydi Naajeeriya ustii kaalis jaŋde toownde ; e hitaande 1978 nde woppi rokkude ñamaale almudɓe, nde ɓeydi fotde laabi tati njoɓdi nguura e hoɗorde duɗe jaaɓi haaɗtirde. Seppooji janngooɓe mbaɗi e nder gure keewɗe, waɗii warngooji baɗnooɗi e nder wuro Lagos e Zaria. E nder jaabawol fitinaaji ɗii, Obasanjo udditi duɗe jaaɓi-haaɗtirde keewɗe, haɗi golle politik e nder duɗe jaaɓi-haaɗtirde, haɗi kadi fedde janngooɓe leydi Najeriya. Tiiɗnaare ɗeen peeje ina gasa tawa ko sabu tuumeede wonde fitinaaji almudɓe ɗii ina njokkondiri e kuudetaa militeer peewnaaɗo e lewru feebariyee 1978. Obasanjo ina mettini e jikkuuji almudɓe seppooɓe ɓee, o wiyi wonde ɗum ina hollita ruttaade e nafooje aadaaji ko wayi no hormaade almudɓe. Ngam batte ɓamtaare laamu Naajeeriya, leydi ndi yi’i ɓamtaare mawnde nder kuuɗe laamu. Seedeeji peeñii ko feewti e fenaande mawnde e nder laamu leydi ndii, tee, so tawii tuume ɗee ina keewi waɗeede e Obasanjo e hoore mum, alaa seedeeji tiiɗɗi peeñi. Ngam haɗde natal njulaagu e nder laamu, laamu Obasanjo haɗii huutoraade otooji Mercedes ngam waɗde otooji laamu, e lomtaade ɗum en, ɓe mbaɗti heen otooji Peugeot 504 ɓurɗi hoybude Naatgol champagne kadi haɗaama. E ƴaañde taƴgol konu, laamu Obasanjo yiyri 12 000 soldaat ina ndartinaa e nder duuɓi 1976 e 1977. Ɗee konu njalti ko e nokkuuji kesi ngam wallitde ɗum en e jokkondirde e nguurndam siwil en. Obasanjo kadi ina tuuma wonde ko kañum woni sabaabu ƴaañgol politik. E nder yeewtere wootere maantiniinde, koɗorɗe jimoowo e daraniiɗo politik Najeriya biyeteeɗo Fela Kuti, Republique Kalakuta, yani, yani haa laaɓi, caggal nde tergal e fedde makko hawri e yimɓe konu. Fela e ɓesngu mum piyi, njuppaa, yumma mum mawɗo, daraniiɗo politik e yumma mum sosɗo Chief Funmilayo Ransome Kuti, werlaa e windo. Ɗum addani mo gaañiiɓe no feewi, haa arti noon e maayde makko. Fela caggal ɗuum nawti kees to galle hooreejo leydi ndii e oon sahaa to Dodan Barracks to Lagos ngam salaade ƴaañde laamu nguu e politik. Politik caggal leydi Hooreejo leydi Amerik biyeteeɗo Jimmy Carter ina wondi e Obasanjo e njillu mum to leydi Najeriya e hitaande 1978 Obasanjo ina yiɗi tabitinde leydi Najeriya no ardorde mawnde e nder Afrik nii, e nder laamu makko, doole mum e nder duunde nde ɓeydiima. O ummini dabare Gowon ngam waɗugo julde ɗiɗaɓre nder duuniyaaru ngam naalankaaku e pinal ɓaleeɓe e afriknaajo haa lesdi Naajeeriya; ɗum waɗi ko to Lagos e lewru feebariyee 1977, hay so tawii noon ñaawooɓe nder leydi ndii mbiyi ko ɗum huunde nde alaa ko nafata. Obasanjo hokkii ɗuuɗal teddungal dow Dental Faggudu lesɗe Afrik Hirnaange (ECOWAS) nden o mettini ɗuuɗɓe nder terɗe maako ɗemngal Farayse ɓaawo o wi'i, bana no Naajeeriya ɓuri wallugo ceede ngam hukuuma kan, Naajeeriya foti jaɓɓaago hukuumaaji pamari ɗin haa Lagos. Jokkondiral e Ganaa ɓadiiɗo kadi ustii ; e hitaande 1979, leydi Nijeer taƴii petroŋ e nder leydi ndii ngam salaade warngooji luulndiiɓe politik ɗi laamu kesu ngu Jerry Rawlings wari. E laamu Obasanjo, Naajeeriya ustii jokkondiral mum juutngal e leydi Angalteer, ɓeydi jokkondirde e leyɗeele dentuɗe Amerik. Obasanjo ina yiɗi laamu hooreejo leydi Amerik biyeteeɗo Jimmy Carter, cuɓaaɗo e hitaande 1976, sabu Carter ina joginoo darnde tiiɗnde ngam tabitinde laamu ɓurngu heewde e Afrik worgo. Ambasadeer Carter to leydi Nijeer, hono Andrew Young, waɗii sehilaagal tiiɗngal e Obasanjo, Carter yilliima leydi Nijeer e hitaande 1978. Kono tan, kuulal ngam waylude alkule ɗee waɗiraa ko ngam dalillaaji laaɓtuɗi, wonaa miijooji ; yiytude petroŋ e nder maayo worgo firti ko Angalteer wontii ƴaañoowo wonaa soodoowo petroŋ Nijeer.Laamu Obasanjo kadi ina mettini heen no feewi nde Angalteer salii yoɓde Gowon, ina sikka wonde laamu Angalteer ina waawi wonde e kuudetaa mo Murtala waɗi. Ngam ɗeeɗoo hujjaaji, e hitaande 1976 nde miijii dartinde jokkondiral dipolomaasi e Angalteer, kono haa jooni nde dartinaani. Obasanjo noon saliima yahde Angalteer, o semmbini ardiiɓe makko waɗde ɗum. Jokkondiral ngal ɓeydii bonde nde Margaret Thatcher wonti gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi Angalteer e hitaande 1979, o fuɗɗii waɗde feere ɓurnde welde e njuɓɓudi laamu ɓaleeɓe tokosɓe to Rodesi e Afrik worgo. E nder jaabawol ngol, Naajeeriya nanngi laanawol ndiyam lesdi Naajeeriya, ngol ɓe tammi ɗon nastina petrol Naajeeriya haa lesdi Naajeeriya, ɓe haɗi hukuumaaji pamari Biritaniya ngam heɓugo kuuɗe Naajeeriya, ɓe nastini kuuɗe BP haa lesdi Naajeeriya. Obasanjo ina yiɗi kadi yaawnaade joofnude laamu ɓaleeɓe tokosɓe e nder Afrik worgo ; e wiyde Iliffe, ɗum wonti « cakkital politik makko caggal leydi ». Naajeeriya hokki ballal ngam haɓugo bee laamu daneeji nder diiwal ngal, hokki hukuumaaji pamari ɗi'i uddita birooji haa Lagos, nden hokki hukuumaaji pamari ɗin ɗon hokka mooɓgal feere-feere dogguɓe laamuuji lesdi Afrika fombinaari. E ƴettude peeje tiiɗɗe ngam haɓaade laamu apartaayd to Afrik worgo, Obasanjo hollitii wonde Nijeer naatataa e Olimpiyaaji 1976 sabu leydi Nuwel Selannde, tawtoraaɗo kawgel ngel, ina joginoo jokkondiral e Afrik worgo, leydi ndi haɗaa tawtoreede kawgel ngel sabu apartaayd. E hitaande 1977, Obasanjo haɗi kala kontraaji jokkondirɗi e Afrik worgo golloraade e nder leydi Nijeer ; sosiyateeji mawɗi ɗi njippii ɗii ko petroŋ Angalteer e Banke Barclays. E ndeen hitaande kadi, leydi Nijeer yuɓɓinii batu Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe ngam haɓaade apartaayd to Lagos, Obasanjo yilliima Amerik e lewru oktoobar ɗo o wiyi leydi ndii yo woppu yeeyde kaɓirɗe to Afrik worgo. Nde o woni nder leydi ndi'i o wolwi haa kawtal hoore lesdi ndi'i nden asaweeje ɗiɗi ɓaawo man Naajeeriya heɓi jooɗorde nder kawtal lesdi ndi'i. Fiilde Margaret Thatcher e hitaande 1979 ngam wonde gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi Angalteer, addani jokkondiral Angalteer e Niiseer bonnude ; Obasanjo miijii ko o yurmeende no feewi e laamuuji daneeji tokoosi e nder Afrik worgo Luulndaade laamu ɓaleeɓe tokosɓe e nder leydi Rodesi, addaniino hare Bush e nder leydi Rodesi, laamu Obasanjo ina jokki e wiyde wonde ko hare balɗe tan woni feere ngam foolde laamu Rodesi. O hirjinii ngootaagu hakkunde pelle ceertuɗe luulndiiɗe laamu toon, o wiyi Robert Mugabe, hooreejo ZANU, yo jaɓ ardaade luulndiiɗo makko, hono Joshua Nkomo mo ZAPU. E hitaande 1977, Angalteer e Amerik ciifi eɓɓaaɗe ngam waylude laamu ɓurngu heewde e Rodesi, e nder yonta mo leydi ndii woni e les njiimaandi doole Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe. Obasanjo jaɓii eɓɓaande ndee, o yilliima Tansani, Sammbi, Mosammbik, e Republiik Demokaratik Konngo ngam wiyde laamuuji mum en yo mbaɗ noon. Kono caggal nde Thatcher wonti gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi Angalteer, leydi Nijeer woɗɗitii hoore mum e darnde Angalteer ngam haɗde wolde Bush Rhodesian, o woppitaa kala darnde teeŋtunde e nder golle ɗe Angalteer waɗi, ɗe ngaddani wooteeji demokaraasi ɗi leƴƴi keewɗi mbaɗi e hitaande... Ko o hooreejo leydi, Obasanjo tawtoraama batuuji OAU. E oon sahaa yuɓɓinaa e lewru sulyee 1977, o eɓɓi sosde goomu jooɗiiɗo ngam haɓaade luural hakkunde leyɗeele jeyaaɗe e OAU. E batu 1978, o jeertinii wonde banngeeji ɗiɗi ɗii fof ina poti naatde e wolde huuɓtodinnde. E nder batu garoowo oo, o wiyi yo konu Pan-Afriknaajo sose, baawɗo waɗde golle ngam hisnude jam e nder duunde he. Ngam ɓamtuki darnde lesdi Naajeeriya nder duuniyaaru, Obasanjo nasti nder kuuɗe feere-feere ɗe lesdi Naajeeriya nder Afrika fuu. E hitaande 1977, o heɓtinii Benin e Togo yoo ndartin luural hakkunde keeri mum en, nguddita keeri mum en. O etinooma kadi haɓaade luural hakkunde leyɗeele keewɗe Fuɗnaange Afrik, o haɗa ɗum kadi ruttaade e Dental Fuɗnaange Afrik, kono o dañii heen caɗeele. Ko o hooreejo goomu jokkondire OAU, o etinooma jokkondire Ogaden hakkunde Ecoppi e Somali kono kadi o dañaani. O waawaano kadi feewnude luural peeñngal hakkunde Angalteer e leydi Konngo. E innde OAU, Obasanjo waɗii batu to Kano ngam haɓaade hare hakkunde leyɗeele Caad. Feddeeji keewɗi njaɓii darnude wolde, sosde laamu ngootaagu ngenndi, e accude konu leydi Najeriya ina waɗa jam. Hare nden noon jokki, Naajeeriya jaabtii e taƴde petroŋ mum to Caad. Koolol ɗiɗmol ko faati e hare ndee waɗii to Lagos e lewru ut 1979, ɗum addani laamu nguu sosde laamu nguu, ngu juutaani. E hitaande sakkitiinde e laamu makko konu, o ardii golle OAU ngam safrude wolde Saharaa hirnaange. Jaltugol laamu Laamu militeer en hawri ko e goomu ƴettugol doosɗe leydi ngam ƴettude doosgal kesal potngal huutoreede e nder mbayliigu laamu siwil. Goomu nguu hollitii wonde Naajeeriya ina foti waylude laamu mum, ngu tuugii ko e laamu parlemaa leydi Angalteer, ngu tuugnii e laamu hooreejo leydi Amerik, ɗo hooreejo leydi gooto cuɓaaɗo woni hooreejo leydi e hooreejo laamu. Ngam haɗude oo hooreejo leydi wontude diktatoor, hono no waɗirnoo e nokkuuji goɗɗi e nder Afrik nii, o ɗaɓɓi ƴeewndorɗe keewɗe e doole maɓɓe, haa arti noon e njuɓɓudi fedde nde, ɗo juɓɓule cuɓaaɗe keertiiɗe ngoni ɗoo e to bannge fedde, to bannge dowri, to bannge nokkuuji. Eɓɓaande doosgal leydi ndii yaltinaa ko e lewru oktoobar 1976, nde yeewtidaa e yeeso yimɓe fof e hitaande aroore ndee.Asamblee doosgal leydi hawri ngam yeewtidde e eɓɓaande doosgal leydi ndii e lewru oktoobar 1977. Asaambele leydi ndii ina jokki e ƴeewde hol darnde nde sariya sharia rokkata e nder doosgal leydi ndii. Obasanjo noddii dental ngal, o jeertini ɓe batte kuulal ngal ɓe mbaɗi e renndo, o wiyi ɓe yo ɓe ƴettu jikkuuji ɓurɗi moƴƴude. E lewru suwee 1978, Diiso toowngo konu (Conseil suprême militaire) habri doosɗe leydi kese ɗee ; nde waɗiino waylooji keewɗi e mbaydi ndi asaambele doosgal leydi ndii ƴetti. Yanti e doosgal kesal ngal, Obasanjo itti haɗde lanndaaji politik. Ndeen pelle keewɗe mbaɗii ngam tawtoreede wooteeji garooji ɗii, ko ɓuri teeŋtude heen ko lannda ngootaagu Yoruba, lannda yimɓe Naajeeriya, e lannda ngenndiijo Naajeeriya. Obasanjo mettini heen no feewi nde tawnoo heewɓe e dawriyankooɓe ina mbaɗa fodoore nde ɓe mbaawataa ɗooftaade. Woote ɗee mbaɗi ko e nder lewru sulyee e lewru ut 1979. Wootooɓe ɓee ina pamɗi, ko hakkunde 30 e 40% e wootooɓe winnditiiɓe e sariya, tee ina waɗi fenaande banngeeji keewɗi, hay so tawii noon ko jam. Wonno ko jeewte ko fayti e hol keɓɗo woote hooreleydaagu, Obasanjo salii ñaawde, o wiyi yo Komisariyaa woote ƴetta oon darnde.Ɓe kollitii wonde Shehu Shagari woni keɓɗo, huunde nde gardiiɗo ɗiɗaɓo oo, hono Obafemi Awolowo, luulndii to Ñaawirde Toownde, tawi o dañaani heen nafoore. Shagari ƴetti laamu ko e lewru oktoobar 1979 ; e nder kewu udditgol makko, Obasanjo rokki Shagari koppi doosgal leydi kesal. Ko ɗum woni fuɗɗoode Republique ɗiɗaɓere leydi Najeriya. Darnde Obasanjo nder wartirki lesdi Naajeeriya haa laamu siwil, ɗum laatoto darnde woore nde o jogi nder duuɓi cappanɗe ɗiɗi garooji. Kono yimɓe heewɓe e nder leydi ndii e caggal leydi, ina jeyaa heen hooreejo leydi Zambie, hono Kenneth Kaunda e hooreejo leydi Togo, hono Gnassingbé Eyadéma, ina ɗaɓɓi e makko yo o heddo e laamu. Jaɓde makko wallitde Awolowo, banndiiko Yoruba, addani mo gaño ko heewi e elite Yoruba. Awolowo tuumi Obasanjo ko kanko woni orkestraaji Shagari, huunde nde Obasanjo yeddi no feewi. Ko adii laamu (1979-1999) Ko adii nde o yaltata laamu, e lewru abriil 1979, Obasanjo ƴetti hoore mum e darnde seneraal ; ko o seneraal koode nay o jokki e heɓde njoɓdi dowla. Nde o woppi golle e lewru oktoobar, o arti Abeokuta. Caggal nde o waɗi kursus jonte jeegom to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde heblo ndema, Obasanjo ƴetti hoore mum e ndema, omo ɗaminii waɗde yeru e hirjinde ƴellitaare ndema. O heɓi ko famɗi fof 230 ektaar leydi to Ota ngam sosde ngesa makko, o naati ɗoon e galle ngesa birik. Wonno ko gaññeeje nokkuyankooje e dañde leydi ndi haa heewi, ñaawirɗe keewɗe ngaddaama e makko sabu ɗuum. Golle makko ndema yuɓɓinaama e fedde makko wiyeteende Temperance, caggal ɗuum o inniri ɗum « Obasanjo’s Farms Limited ». O waɗti heen hakkille teeŋtuɗo e ndema colli ; e cakkital kitaale 1980, ngesa makko ina ɓuuɓna 140 000 cukalel e yontere. O sosi kadi gese e nder gure goɗɗe to bannge worgo-fuɗnaange, e hitaande 1987 gese makko ina njogii ko ina tolnoo e 400 gollotooɗo e nokkuuji jeetati. Hono no yimɓe Yoruba woɗɓe lolluɓe nii, Obasanjo ina wallitnoo almudɓe miskineeɓe to duɗal makko ɓooyngal to Abeokuta. Obasanjo ɓeydii ñiŋde laamu siwil Shagari, o wiyi hooreejo leydi ndii ina famɗi semmbe, ina ŋakkiraa peeje. Naajeeriya nasti nder ɓillaaji faggudu ngam waylaaki coggu petrol nder duuniyaaru. E lewru mee 1983, mawɓe konu ɗaɓɓiri Obasanjo nde ƴettata laamu leydi ndii kadi, kono o salii. E lewru desaambar, ɓe liɓi Shagari tawi Obasanjo alaa heen, e nder kuudetaa mo yiyaani fitinaaji seeɗa. Muhammadu Buhari laati hooreejo lesdi sooje'en keso. Obasanjo fuɗɗii wallugo laamu Buhari, o wi'i demokaraasi wakiili'en ɗon ƴaɓɓitoo haa lesdi Naajeeriya. O yetti Buhari ngam haɓugo bee cemmbiɗinki lesdi, o ɗon mari feccere nder nastirde lesdi, nden o ɗon wartira budget booɗɗum. E lewru ut 1985, Buhari kadi liɓaama, hooreejo konu Ibraahiima Babangida ƴetti laamu. Obasanjo ina ñiŋa won e peeje faggudu ɗe Babangida waɗi, haa arti noon e ustude njoɓdi naira. E hitaande 1992, luulndaare makko e laamu Babangida addani mo noddude yo leydi Najeriya artire demokaraasi. O fuɗɗii kadi salaade politikaaji faggudu (indigenisation) e kitaale 1970, o wiyi doosɗe leydi ina poti haɗde ƴettugol jawdi caggal leydi. E nder ɗuum, o sikki laamu nguu ina foti teeŋtinde ƴellitaare nde laamu nguu ardii. O ɓeydii hulɓinaade ko ɓeydagol yimɓe, toɓɓere nde o yejjitaani nde o woni e laamu, o wiyi Naajeeriyankooɓe yo njogo ɓesnguuji tokoosi "ngam nafoore faggudu maɓɓe e renndo-faggudu ngenndi". E nder duuɓi sappo e go’o caggal nde Obasanjo woppi laamu, o yaltinii defte nay. E hitaande 1980, Obasanjo wonnoo ko tedduɗo to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Ibadan, ɗo o winndi deftere wiyeteende My Command, daartol ko faati e geɗe makko e nder wolde hakkunde leyɗeele ; nde yalti ko e lewru noowammbar ndeen hitaande. Won e janngooɓe ñiŋii ko ɓe njiyri ko Obasanjo ina ŋakkira Murtala Muhammed, Robert Adeyinka Adebayo, mawɗo politik Yoruba, wiyi yo deftere ndee yaltine ngam haɗde nde aawde feccere. Ƴeewirde ɓurnde moƴƴude ndee waɗi ko sehil makko, hono Ken Saro-Wiwa, o innitiri ɗum masterly kono o sikki ko ɗum waɗi ballal rewindaade no feewi. E hitaande 1987, o yaltini Nzeogwu, deftere ciimtol sehil makko Chukwuma Nzeogwu, mo o gollodtonoo to Konngo. Hitaande 1989, deftere Obasanjo yaltini, wiyeteende Doosgal leydi ngam naatgol e ƴellitaare, nde o jeertini e hujjaaji Babangida ngam sosde laamu lanndaaji ɗiɗi e nder leydi Najeriya. E hitaande 1990, deftere makko tataɓere, wiyeteende Not my volonté yalti. Nde rokki ciimtol sahaa nde o laaminoo leydi ndii. kn7b3i5zlj0gj4m3s1pztj4irao8n9o 175751 175749 2026-06-22T20:07:43Z Ilya Discuss 10103 #1Lib1Ref 175751 wikitext text/x-wiki Mawɗo Olusegun Matthew Okikiola Ogunboye Aremu Obasanjo GCFR (// C; Yoruba: Olúṣẹ́gun Ọbásanjọ́ [ōlúʃɛ́ɡũ̄ ɔ̄básã̄d͡ʒɔ́] R; jibinaa ko c. ndema, e gonnooɗo seneraal konu gonnooɗo hooreejo leydi Naajeeriya gila 1976 haa 1979, caggal ɗuum o woni hooreejo leydi ndii gila 1999 haa 2007. To bannge miijo, ko o ngenndiyanke Naajeeriya, o jeyaa ko e lannda Demokaraasi Leƴƴi (PDP) gila 1998 haa 2019. Obasanjo jibinaa ko e wuro Ibogun-Olaogun, e nder galle remoowo, jeyaaɗo e leñol Owu, Obasanjo janngi ko ɓuri heewde e wuro wiyeteengo Abeokuta, to diiwaan Ogun. O naati konu leydi Naajeeriya, o janngi ko faati e inndeeji, o golliima to Konngo, Angalteer, e Inndo, o arti e darnde Major. E darorɗe kitaale 1960, o waɗii darnde mawnde e haɓaade seernaaɓe Biafra e nder wolde hakkunde leyɗeele Nijeer, o jaɓi dogde e hitaande 1970. E hitaande 1975, kuudetaa konu sosi junta e Obasanjo e nder laamu mum tati. Caggal nde hooreejo triumvirate, hono Murtala Muhammed, waraa e hitaande rewtunde ndee, Diiso toowngo konu toɗɗii Obasanjo hooreejo leydi ndii. Jokkude politik Murtala, Obasanjo ƴeewtindiima taƴgol bidsee e yaajnude jaŋde ekkolaaji ɗi ngalaa njoɓdi. Ɓesdugo hawtuki lesdi Naajeeriya bee lesdi Amerika, o teddini kadi ballal pelle luutndiiɗe laamu ɓaleeɓe pamari nder Afrika woylaare. Obasanjo ɗon mari haaje wartirgo demokaraasi, o ardi woote 1979, ɓaawo man o hokki laamu lesdi Naajeeriya haa hooreejo lesdi siwil keso, Shehu Shagari. Ndeen Obasanjo artii e golle mum to Ota, Ogun, ɗo o wonti demoowo, o yaltini defte nay, o tawtoraama eɓɓooji winndereeji ngam joofnude hareeji Afrik ceertuɗi. E hitaande 1993, Sani Abacha heɓti laamu e kuudetaa konu. Obasanjo ina ñiŋa laamu Abacha e peeñcu, e hitaande 1995 o nanngaa, o ñaawaa wonde o jeyaa ko e kuudetaa peewnaaɗo, hay so tawii o seppii wonde o alaa ella. Nde o woni e kasoo ndee, o wonti Kerecee’en jibinaaɗo, tawi ko providentialism ina tiiɗtini no feewi e yi’annde makko aduna caggal ɗuum. O woppitaama caggal maayde Abacha e hitaande 1998. Obasanjo naati e politik wooteeji, o wonti kanndidaa PDP e wooteeji hooreleydaagu 1999, ɗi o dañi. Ko o hooreejo leydi, o woppi politik militeer en, kamɓe ɗiɗo fof ɓe njaajni polis, ɓe moofti konu ngam haɓaade fitinaaji leƴƴi, diineeji, e seernaaɓe jaajɗi. O itti sooje'en lesdi Naajeeriya diga lesdi Siyeraa Leone, o hokki hukuumaaji pamari feere-feere ngam ustugo ceede lesdi ndi'i. O artiraa e woote 2003. E nder miijooji Pan-Afrik, o woniino daraniiɗo no feewi sosde Dental Afrik, o woniino hooreejo mayre tuggi 2004 haa 2006. Eɓɓooje Obasanjo ngam waylude doosɗe leydi ngam ittude keeri manndaa hooreejo leydi, ɗe njahraani no haanirta nii, ɗe ngaddani ɗum ñiŋooje. Caggal nde o woppi golle, o heɓi doktoraa makko e ganndal diine to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde National Open to leydi Najeriya. Nguurndam gadano Baaba Olusegun Obasanjo, Obasanjo Bankole, jeyaa ko e ardiiɓe hoɗɓe e sosɓe wuro Igbogun Olaogun e fuɗɗoode kitaale 1920. Hay so tawii ko o demoowo keewɗo jawdi, o jom jawdi en, omo hiisee wonde miskiino sabu o jeyaaka e yimɓe jannguɓe e nder leydi Yoruba. Bankole hawri e Bernice Ashabi, njulaagu tokooso to Igbogun, kamɓe ɗiɗo fof ɓe resndi. Ɓeeɗoo ɗiɗo ina njogii ɓiɓɓe ɗiɗo heddiiɓe e nder jeegom : Olusegun e Adunni Oluwola, miñiiko debbo gooto. E wiyde paaspoor makko, Olusegun Obasanjo jibinaa ko ñalnde 5 marse 1937 hay so tawii noon alaa ko winndaa e mum hannde, ñalngu nguu ko limto ɓadiiɗo. Olusegun ko jeyaaɗo e Laamu Owu. O mawni ko e Baptiste. Debbo makko caggal mum naati lislaam ngam resde gorko juulɗo.[9] E duuɓi sappo e go'o, o naati duɗal leslesal wuro ngo,[10] caggal duuɓi tati, e hitaande 1951, o naati duɗal Baptist Day to nokku Owu to Abeokuta.[11] E hitaande 1952 o arti e duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde sukaaɓe Baptist,[12] kadi e nder wuro ngo. Feccere e njoɓdi duɗal makko ko dokke laamu.[13] Obasanjo waɗii ko moƴƴi e jaŋde,[14] e nder duɗal o wonti Boy Scout keewɗo faayiida.[15] Hay so tawii alaa ko holliti wonde e oon sahaa o tawtoraama kala pelle politik,[15] ko e nder duɗal hakkundeewal Obasanjo salii innde makko adannde "Matthew" ngam wonde golle luulndiiɗe koloñaal.[16] E nder ɗuum, baaba Obasanjo woppi debbo mum e sukaaɓe mum ɗiɗo.[17] Nde o yani e baasal, yumma Obasanjo ina foti golloraade njulaagu ngam wuurde.[15] Ngam yoɓugo ceede janngirde maako, Obasanjo ɗon huuwa haa gese kakawo e kola, ɗon ligga, ɗon mooɓa leɗɗe, ɗon sooda ceene mahooɓe. E nder balɗe udditgol duɗal ngal kadi o golliima e duɗal ngal, omo taƴa huɗo e golle juuɗe goɗɗe.[18] E hitaande 1956, Obasanjo waɗi jaŋde mum hakkundeere, caggal nde o ñamli kaalis ngam yoɓde njoɓdi naatgol.[19] E oon hitaande kadi, o fuɗɗii jokkondirde e Oluremi Akinlawon, ɓiy Owu mawɗo station. Ɓe ndarniino dewgal haa hitaande 1958.[20] O yalti duɗal, o fayi Ibadan, o ƴetti golle jannginde. Ko ɗoon o jooɗii e ekzamen naatgol to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Ibadan, kono hay so o jaɓii o tawi o waawaa yoɓde njoɓdi jaŋde.[19] Ndeen Obasanjo fellitii jokkude golle mum e nder konu leydi Najeriya, ngam heɓde ngal gollal, e hitaande 1958 o jaabiima eɓɓoore ngam janngude ofiseeji cadet e nder konu leydi Najeriya.[21][22] Fuɗɗoode golle konu (1958-1966) Heblo konu: 1958-1959 E lewru marse 1958, Obasanjo naati e konu leydi Najeriya.[23] O yi’i ɗum ko fartaŋŋe jokkude jaŋde makko tawa omo heɓa njoɓdi;[24] o humpitaaki ɗoon e ɗoon ɓesngu makko, o hulii wonde jibnaaɓe makko ina njaɓa ɗum.[25] Ko e oon sahaa konu leydi Najeriya ina jokki e juuɗe laamu koloñaal leydi Najeriya, ngam heblude ndimaagu leydi Najeriya timmungu, kadi ina waɗi eɓɓooje ngam heɓde yimɓe leydi Najeriya ɓurɓe heewde e nder darnde konu mum.[25] Ndeen o neldaama to duɗal jaŋde ofiseeji jooɗɗi to Teshie to leydi Gana.[23] Nde o woni caggal leydi, o neldi ɓataakeeji e dokke to jom suudu makko to leydi Najeriya.[20] E lewru suwee 1958, o suɓaa ngam ɓeydaade heblo lebbi jeegom to duɗal Mons Officer Cadet to Aldershot, to fuɗnaange Angalteer. Obasanjo yiɗaa ɗum toon, o sikkatnoo ko ɗum juɓɓule njiyaagu e njiyaagu, o tawi ina saɗi ko jokkondiri e dumunna Engele ɓurɗo toowde e ɓuuɓde.[26] Nde semmbini miijooji makko bonɗi e laamu Biritaan e hakke mum laamaade e dow laamuuji mum koloñaal en.[24] To Mons, o heɓi komisoŋ e seedantaagal to bannge innde. Nde Obasanjo woni to leydi Angalteer, yumma mum maayi. Baaba makko ndeen maayi ko hitaande caggal ɗuum.[27] E hitaande 1959, Obasanjo arti Nijeer. Ko ɗoon o artiraa to Kaduna, o woni subaltern infanterie e bataliyoŋ joyaɓo.[27] Wakkati maako haa Kaduna woni wakkati arandejum nde Obasanjo jooɗi haa nokkure nde juulɓe ɗuuɗi.[27] Ko nde o woni toon, e lewru Oktoobar 1960, leydi Nijeer wonti leydi ndimaagu.[28][22] Kiiriis Konngo: 1960-1961 Ƴeew kadi: Kiriis Konngo Caggal ɗuum seeɗa, bataliyoŋ joyaɓo neldaa to Konngo ngam jeyeede e konu Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe ngam haɓaade jam. Ko ɗoon bataliyoŋ oo woni e nder diiwaan Kivu, tawi ko ɗoon woni Bukavu.[28] To leydi Konngo, Obasanjo e woɗɓe ina njoginoo darnde reende siwil en, haa arti noon e leñol Belsik, e soldateeɓe murtuɓe e laamu Patrice Lumumba.[28] E lewru feebariyee 1961, Obasanjo nanngaa e juuɗe murtuɓe nde o ummotoo e misiyoŋaaji katolik en e nder dingiral sara Bukavu. Mutinooɓe ɓee miijinoo ko warde mo kono ɓe njamiraama yo ɓe njaltu. E lewru mee 1961, bataliyoŋ joyaɓo ummii Konngo, arti Najeriya.[28] E nder wolde nde, o toɗɗaama kapiteen wakkati.[24] O teskiima caggal ɗuum wonde sahaa mo o woni e Konngo oo ina semmbina "fervour pan-africain" bataliyoŋ makko.[28] Gartugol e leydi Konngo: 1961-1966 Nde o arti, Obasanjo soodi oto makko gadano, o naati e opitaal ko juuti sabu rafi reedu. Nde o selli, o artiraa e Korse Innjiniyaaruuji konu. E hitaande 1962 o jooɗii to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Royal College to Angalteer. Ko ɗoon o ɓuri waawde, o siforaa ko "almuudo Commonwealth ɓurɗo waawde". Oon hitaande, o yoɓi Akinlawon ngam yahde Londres ɗo o waawi naatde e kursus heblo. Ɓeeɗoo ɗiɗo resndi ɗum ko e lewru suwee 1963 to biro binnditagol Camberwell Green, ɓe nganndini ɓesnguuji maɓɓe tan caggal nde ɓe mbaɗi hiirde ndee.E ndeen hitaande, Obasanjo yamiraama yo o hoot to leydi Nijeer, hay so tawii debbo makko ina heddii to Londres duuɓi tati goɗɗi ngam timminde jaŋde makko. Nde o naati Naajeeriya, Obasanjo hoosi ardungal konu Innjiniyaaruuji ladde, jooɗiiɗum haa Kaduna. E nder konu, Obasanjo ina jokki e yahrude yeeso e nder darɗe, o wonti mawɗo e hitaande 1965. O huutoriima ngalu makko ngam soodde leydi, e fuɗɗoode kitaale 1960 o heɓi jawdi to Ibadan, Kaduna, e Lagos. E hitaande 1965, Obasanjo neldaa leydi Inndo. E nder laawol, o yilliima debbo makko to Londres. To leydi Indiya, o janngi to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde toppitiingal ko fayti e cellal to Wellington, caggal ɗuum to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Innjiniyaaruuji to Poona. Obasanjo hulɓinii e heege nde o seedtii e nder leydi Indiya hay so tawii o ƴettii nafoore e pinal leydi ndii, huunde nde addani mo janngude defte diineeji nannditooji. Hare nder leydi Naajeeriya Winndannde mawnde: Hare nder leydi Najeriya Golle makko ko adii wolde hakkunde leyɗeele: 1966-1967 Obasanjo ummi Naajeeriya nder lewru January hitaande 1966 ngam heɓugo lesdi ndi'i nder kuudetaa konu ngu Major Emmanuel Ifeajuna ardii. Obasanjo ina jeyaa e jeertinɓe wonde ngonka kaa ina waawi jippaade e wolde nder leydi.O hollitii wonde maa o won hakkunde ƴaañooɓe kuudetaa e laamu siwil, ngu rokki laamu nguu e juuɗe hooreejo konu Johnson Aguiyi-Ironsi. Nde kuudetaa oo ronki, Olusegun hawri e Ironsi to Lagos. Ironsi ɓooyaani ko timmini fedde nde e nder leydi Najeriya rewrude e yamiroore mum kawral e lewru mee 1966, huunde nde ɓuuɓni jiiɓru leƴƴi. E darorɗe lewru sulyee, kuudetaa ɗiɗmo waɗi. To wuro Ibadan, sooja'en iwdi woyla lesdi Naajeeriya ɗon ƴama, ɓe mbari Ironsi, ɓe mbari fodde teemeɗɗe ɗiɗi sooje'en ko ɓuri ɗuuɗugo ɓe iwdi lesdi Naajeeriya. Seneraal Yaakubu Gowon heɓti laamu. Nde ooɗoo kuudetaa waɗata nde Obasanjo wonnoo ko to Maiduguri. Nande ɗum, o yaawi hootde Kaduna. Ko ɗoon o tawi konu worgo ummoriiɗo e bataliyoŋ tataɓo ina ronka, ina torloo, ina wara soldateeɓe Igbo en. Gomnaajo lesdi Naajeeriya, Hassan Katsina, annditi dow koo ngam Olusegun naa Igbo, bana no o woni mo woylaare lesdi Naajeeriya, o ɗon nder ɓilla haa sooja'en murtuɓe. Ngam reenaade ɓe, Katsina neldi Olusegun e debbo mum ngarta Maiduguri balɗe sappo, tawi fitinaaji ɗii ina ustoo. Caggal ɗuum, Obasanjo neldi debbo mum to Lagos, tawi omo hoota Kaduna kanko e hoore makko, o woni ɗoon haa lewru Yarkomaa 1967. E oon sahaa ko kanko woni ofisee Yoruba ɓurɗo mawnude tawaaɗo to bannge worgo. E lewru Yarkomaa 1967, Obasanjo toɗɗaama to Lagos ngam wonde mawɗo Injineer konu.Hare hakkunde leƴƴi Igbo e leƴƴi worgo ina jokki e ɓeydaade, e lewru mee, ofisee konu Igbo C. Odumegwu Ojukwu hollitii jeytaare nokkuuji ɓurɗi heewde Igbo e nder fuɗnaange-rewo leydi Bi. Ñalnde 3 lewru juko, laamu leydi Najeriya neldi Obasanjo to Ibadan ngam wonde hooreejo leydi Hirnaange.Hare hakkunde konu leydi Najeriya e seernaaɓe Biafran fuɗɗii ko ñalnde 6 lewru juko. Ñalnde 9 sulyee, Ojukwu neldi koloñaal konu Biafra dow pont Niiseer ngam yiɗde heɓtude Mid-West, nokku ɗo ɓe mbaawi ummoraade Lagos. Obasanjo yiɗiino uddude laabi jahduɗi e wuro ngo. Komandaajo Yoruba biyeteeɗo Victor Banjo, ardinooɗo konu njanngu Biafran, etinooma waawnude Obasanjo yoo ɓe njaltu, kono o salii. Kuugal konu lesdi: 1967-1970 "Kolonel Olu Obasanjo, gardinooɗo diɗɗal tataɓal". Jaaynde Naajeeriya keso, hello 7, 12 lewru Yarkomaa 1970. Gagga hare nder leydi Naajeeriya e Biafra. Ndeen Obasanjo toɗɗaama hooreejo caggal diɗɗal ɗiɗaɓal Murtala Muhammed, gollotoongal to Mid-Ouest. Obasanjo woni ko e jooɗaade to Ibadan, ko kañum halfinaa Division ɗiɗaɓo oo jogaade kaɓirɗe. E nder wuro ngo, Obasanjo jannginii course ganndal konu to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Ibadan, o mahi jokkondiral makko e nder elite Yoruba. E nder wolde nde, wonno ko jiiɓru mawndu e nder Dowla Hirnaange, ngam daɗde e ɗeen caɗeele, Obasanjo woppi golle mum e nder Diiso doosɗe Hirnaange.Nde Obasanjo woɗɗi Ibadan e lewru noowammbar 1968, gure jogiiɗe kaɓirɗe ɗe fedde remooɓe Agbekoya moofti, njani e galle laamorɗo Ibadan. Konuuji ɗii njaabtii, mbari sappo e fitinaaji ɗii. Nde Obasanjo arti o yamiri yo ñaawirde ƴeewto kewuuji ɗii. Yamiroore konu: 1967-1970 "Kolonel Olu Obasanjo, gardinooɗo diɗɗal tataɓal". Jaaynde Naajeeriya keso, hello 7, 12 lewru Yarkomaa 1970. Gagga hare nder leydi Naajeeriya e Biafra. Ndeen Obasanjo toɗɗaama hooreejo caggal diɗɗal ɗiɗaɓal Murtala Muhammed, gollotoongal to Mid-Ouest. Obasanjo ina jooɗii to Ibadan, ko kañum halfinaa Division ɗiɗaɓo oo jogaade kaɓirɗe. E nder wuro ngo, Obasanjo jannginii course ganndal konu to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Ibadan, o mahi jokkondiral makko e nder elite Yoruba. E nder wolde nde, wonno ko jiiɓru mawndu e nder Dowla Hirnaange, ngam daɗde e ɗeen geɗe, Obasanjo woppi golle e nder Diiso doosɗe Dowla Hirnaange. Nde Obasanjo woɗɗi Ibadan e lewru noowammbar 1968, wuro ngo ina jogii balɗe, ngo fedde remooɓe Agbekoya moofti, yani e galle laamorɗo Ibadan. Konuuji ɗii njaabtii, mbari sappo e fitinaaji ɗii. Nde Obasanjo arti o yamiri yo ñaawirde ƴeewto kewuuji ɗii. Gowon felliti lomtaade Kolonel Benjamin Adekunle, ardinooɗo njanngu Biafra, kono ina haani Yoruba mawɗo goɗɗo. O suɓii ko Obasanjo, hay so tawii noon o alaa humpito hare. Obasanjo arii Port Harcourt ngam heɓtude golle ɗee ñalnde 16 mee 1969 ; o ardii hannde hakkunde 35 000 e 40 000 soldaat. O waɗii jonte jeegom gadane ɗee ko e riiwtude njangu Biafran e Aba. O yilliima kala nokku e yeeso, o gaañiiɗo e waɗde ɗum. Ɗee golle ngaddi mo innde cuusal e nder worɓe makko E lewru desaambar, Obasanjo fuɗɗii golle Finishing Touch, yamiri konu mum yo yahru yeeso feewde Umuahia, ngu ɓe ƴetti ñalnde Natal. Ɗum taƴii Biafra e feccere. Ñalnde 7 lewru Yarkomaa 1970, o ummini ndeen « Operation Tail-Wind », o heɓti laana ndiwoowa Uli ñalnde 12 lewru Yarkomaa. E oon sahaa, ardiiɓe Biafran njaɓi yoɓde. Ñalnde 13 lewru nduu, Obasanjo jokkondiri e komandaajo konu Biafran biyeteeɗo Philip Effiong. Obasanjo wi'i sooja'en Biafran hokka balmi maɓɓe, nden boo suɓol ardiiɓe lesdi ndi'i ɗon yaha Lagos, ɓe hokka Gowon dow laawol. Janngo mum, Obasanjo haali e rajo diiwaan oo, o wiyi ɓiɓɓe leydi ndi yo njokku e galleeji mum en, o dartina kisal mum en. Biafranaaɓe heewɓe e jaayɗe goɗɗe ina kuli wonde konu leydi Najeriya ina waawi waɗde bonanndeeji keewɗi e yimɓe foolɓe ɓee, hay so tawii noon Obasanjo ina yiɗi haɗde ɗum. O yamiri konu makko e nder diiwaan hee yo heddo e nder galleeji mum en, jokkude wonde polis nokku oo ina foti ƴettude kuule ngam ƴellitde sariya e deeƴre. Division tataɓo, ɓurɗo woɗɗude, waɗii hareeji warngooji e yimɓe nokku oo. Obasanjo ina tiiɗi e waɗooɓe bonannde ndee, sibu waɗɓe warngooji ɗii mberlaama, waɗɓe warngooji ɗii mbardaa. Laamu Gowon waɗi Obasanjo kalfinaaɗo naatnude Biafra e nder leydi Najeriya, e nder oon darnde o heɓi teddungal ngam teeŋtinde mawngu. Ko o injenieer, o teeŋtinii artirde jolngo ndiyam ; haa lewru mee 1970 gure mawɗe diiwaan oo fof njokkondirii e jolngo ndiyam. Darnde Obasanjo e timminde wolde nde waɗi mo jaambaaro wolde, kadi ko o neɗɗo ganndiraaɗo e nder leydi Najeriya. Kuugal maako ɓaawo konu lesdi: 1970-1975 E lewru suwee 1970, Obasanjo arti Abeokuta, jamaanu jaɓɓii mo no jaambaaro garoowo nii. Ndeen o neldaama to Lagos, o woni Brigadier gardinooɗo Korse Innjiniyankooɓe. E lewru oktoobar, Gowon hollitii wonde laamu militeer en ina rokka laamu nguu laamu siwil e hitaande 1976. E nder ɗuum, haɗde lanndaaji politik ina heddii e doole ; Gowon yahri yeeso seeɗa e sosde laamu siwil. E les laamu sooja'en, Obasanjo jooɗi nder goomu limngal sooja'en lesdi Naajeeriya, ko laarani limngal sooja'en lesdi Naajeeriya nder duuɓi 1970. E hitaande 1974 Obasanjo yahi to leydi Angalteer ngam janngude to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Royal College to bannge diine. Nde o arti, e lewru Yarkomaa 1975 Gowon toɗɗii mo Komisariyaa Golle e Koɗki, golle ɗe o joginoo fotde lebbi jeeɗiɗi, e nder ɗuum o ɓuri waawde mahde kaɓirɗe konu. E hitaande 1970, Obasanjo soodi sosiyatee Libannaajo ɓooyɗo to Ibadan, o gollini heen awokaa ngam ƴellitde ɗum. E hitaande 1973 o winnditii fedde wiyeteende Temperance Enterprises Limited, nde o waawi waɗde heen golle njulaagu caggal nde o woppi golle konu. O jokki kadi e waɗde heen jawdi ; e hitaande 1974 o joginoo galleeji ɗiɗi to Lagos e gooto fof to Ibadan e Abeokuta. Haalaaji ummii wonde Obasanjo ina jokki e waɗde njulaagu nguu ina ɓeydoo yaajde e nder leydi Najeriya, hay so tawii noon alaa ko holliti ɗum ko laaɓti. Dewgal makko e Oluremi wonti caɗeele nde o salii jokkondiral makko e rewɓe woɗɓe. E cakkital kitaale 1970 dewgal maɓɓe fusi. E hitaande 1976 o resi Stella Abebe e nder kewu aadaaji Yoruba. E nder laamu Murtala Kuudetaa 1975 e caggal mum Binndanɗe mawɗe: Kuudetaa laamu Nijeer e hitaande 1975 e Kawtal konu Nijeer (1966–1979) E lewru sulyee 1975, kuudetaa e gardagol Shehu Muusaa Yar’Adua e Yuusuf Garba liɓi Gowon, o dogi fayti Angalteer. Ɓe kaalaani Obasanjo e peeje maɓɓe nde tawnoo omo anndiraa wonde kuudetaa ko kuutorgal waylude laamu. Kuudetaaji ɗii njiɗnoo ko lomtinde laamu otokaraasi Gowon nguu e laamu tati (triumvirate) brigadieruuji tati ɗi Diiso Toowngo Konu ina waawi haɗde kuule mum en. Ngalɗoo laamu tati, ɓe cemmbini Seneraal Murtala Muhammed yo won hooreejo leydi, Obasanjo woni ɗiɗaɓo e gardagol mum, Danjuma woni tataɓo. Daartoowo biyeteeɗo John Iliffe teskiima wonde e nder triumvirate, Obasanjo ko « puccu gollordu e ngaandi » , ko kanko ɓuri yaawde hootde e laamu siwil. E nder heen, triumvirate oo naatni peeje ustude ngalu ngam haɗde inflation, sosi Biro toppitiiɗo ko fayti e golle bonɗe, lomtini guwerneeruuji militeer en ɗii fof ofiseeji kesi, ɓe cifotoo ko Obasanjo woni hooreejo konu, ɓe puɗɗii "Operation Deadwood" mo ɓe ndartini ofiseeji civil 11,000. Mawɗo gollordu, suudu sarɗiiji: 1975–76 E lewru oktoobar 1975, laamu nguu hollitii peeje ngam waɗde woote ɗe mbaɗata ngam laamu siwil e lewru oktoobar 1979. Ngu hollitii kadi peeje ngam sosde goomu ngam ƴettude doosgal leydi kesal, tawi ko Obasanjo ɓuri waawde suɓaade terɗe goomu nguu 49. E dow wasiyaaji Komiseer Irifeke, laamu nguu hollitii kadi sosde dowlaaji jeeɗiɗi kesi ; e dow tiiɗnaare Obasanjo, Abeokuta ina foti wonde laamorgo gooto e ɗeen dowlaaji kesi, hono Ogun. Kadi dow wasiyaaji komitiiru ndun, ɓe anndini anniyaaji seeɗa-seeɗa ngam wurtinki laamorgo lesdi Naajeeriya diga Lagos haa Abuja ɓurduɗum caka. E lewru Yarkomaa 1976, Obasanjo e Danjuma fof ƴettaa e jappeere Lietnaa-Seneraal. Murtala e Obasanjo fof ina ndartini darnde ngam haɗde koloñaal Oropnaaɓe jokkude e njiimaandi ɓaleeɓe tokosɓe e nder Afrik worgo, ɗum noon ko huunde nde ɓe cuɓii e politik maɓɓe caggal leydi. Ngolɗoo sabaabu ina ɓeydoo wontude ngoƴa Obasanjo. Caggal nde Angolaa heɓti jeytaare mum e juuɗe Portigaal, wolde ɓesngu addi e leydi hee. Naajeeriya anndi laabi laamu ngu MPLA, fedde marxist en nde Dental Sowiyet walli, sabu laamu luulndiingu FNLA e UNITA ina mballita e laamu ɓaleeɓe tokosɓe to Afrik worgo. Ko jiidaa e rokkude MPLA ballal kaalis, Niiseer fuɗɗiima ƴattaade leyɗeele Afrik goɗɗe ngam kadi jaɓde njuɓɓudi MPLA, e fuɗɗoode hitaande 1976 ko ɓuri heewde e dowlaaji e nder Fedde Ngootaagu Afrik (OAU) mbaɗii ɗum. E lewru feebariyee 1976, Obasanjo ardii delegaasiyoŋ Najeriya ngam mawninde hitaande MPLA to Luanda, ɗo o wiyi : « ko ñalngu maantiniingu, ko ɗum fuɗɗoode hare sakkitiinde ngam haɓaade koloñaal, imperiyaalisma e njiyaagu e nder Afrik ». Warngo Murtala : 13 feebariyee 1976 E lewru feebariyee 1976, kolonel Buka Suka Dimka waɗi kuudetaa e laamu Nijeer, tawi ko ndeen Seneraal Murtala Muhammed waraa. Eɓɓoore kadi waɗaama e nguurndam Obasanjo, kono neɗɗo mo fotaani waraa. Dimka ŋakkiraa ballal mawngal e nder militeer en, kuudetaa makko ronki, ɗum addani mo dogde. Obasanjo tawtoraaki wirwirnde Murtala to Kano, kono o hollitii laamu nguu ina jogori yoɓde mahngo juulirde e nokku ɗo o wirnaa ɗoo. Caggal nde o waraa, Obasanjo tawtoraama batu Diiso Toowngo Konu. O hollitii yiɗde makko woppude laamu, kono Diiso ngoo heɓiino ɗaɓɓude yo o lomto Murtala e gardagol leydi ndii. Ko ɗum waɗi o wonti hooreejo diiso ngoo.E nder kulhuli makko e ɓeydagol eɓɓooji e nguurndam makko, Obasanjo naati e nder kasoo Dodan, tawi 39 neɗɗo tuumaaɗo wonde e nder kuudetaa Dimka mbaraa, ɗum jibini tuumeede wonde jaabawol Obasanjo ngol ina heewi. Ko Obasanjo woni hooreejo leydi ndi, o huniima jokkude dawrugol Murtala. Hooreejo leydi konu (1976-1979) Triumvirat konu E anndude kulhuli gonɗi e woɗɗude yimɓe woyla Naajeeriya, Obasanjo addi Seneraal Shehu Yar'Adua ngam lomtaade mo e ɗiɗaɓo e gardagol hooreejo konu, gardiiɗo jaagorɗe toowɗo timminoowo triumvirate militeer en, Obasanjo woni hooreejo leydi e Seneraal Theophilus Stajumabli ngam laamaade dow tato we- laamu konu. Obasanjo hirjinii jeewte e nanondiral hakkunde Diiso Toowngo Konu. Heewɓe ina kaawaa hol ko waɗi Obasanjo – hono Yoruba e Kerecee – toɗɗaade Yar’Adua, tergal e aristokraasi worgo, yo won gardiiɗo ɗiɗaɓo mum, wonaa banndiiko Yoruba Kerecee. Obasanjo teeŋtinii kulhuli ngenndiiji e dow ɗi diiwanuuji ɗii ; o hirjini sukaaɓe e mawɓe fof nde njanngata fodoore ngenndiire hesere ndee e jimɗi ngenndiiji ɗii. Nafoore heɓde miijooji ɓurɗi yaajde, ñalnde aset kala omo waɗa seminar mo alaa ko woni e mum so wonaa toɓɓere nde yimɓe ɓe ngonaa politikaaji e gollotooɓe laamu noddata. Ina jeyaa e ɓe o ɗaɓɓirta wasiyaaji mum en, annduɓe lislaam e mawɓe aadaaji. Politik faggudu Obasanjo wondude e hooreejo leydi Amerik biyeteeɗo Jimmy Carter to galle laamorɗo Amerik e hitaande 1977 E cakkital kitaale 1970, leydi Naajeeriya ina joginoo faggudu ɓurndu heewde doole, tawi noon ko 34% e inflation. Ngam haɓugo bee caɗeele faggudu lesdi Naajeeriya, Obasanjo tokki dabareeji cemmbiɗinki ceede ngam ustugo ceede laamu. E nder bidsee makko 1976, Obasanjo eɓɓi ustude njoɓdi laamu nguu fotde feccere, ustude eɓɓaaɗe tedduɗe, tawa ina ɓeyda njoɓdi jaŋde, cellal, galleeji, e ndema. O sosi kadi goomu ngam haɓaade inflation, e nder hitaande wootere caggal nde Obasanjo heɓi laamu, inflation ustii haa 30%. Obasanjo ina heewi yiɗde ñamlude kaalis, kono e ballal Banke Adunayankeewo e Fonds Monétaire International, Nijeer ƴetti ñamlude miliyaaruuji 1 dolaar e fedde bankeeji. Ɓeen ñiŋooɓe leftist en mbiyi wonde waɗde ɗum ina addana leydi ndii ɗooftaade kapitaalisma. E nder duuɓi ɗiɗi garooji ɗii, laamu Obasanjo, Nijeer ƴettii 4 983 miliyoŋ dolaar goɗɗo. Naajeeriya ina wondi e ɓeydagol fotde 3% hitaande kala e nder kitaale 1970, huunde nde fotnoo ɓeydaade fotde laabi ɗiɗi e nder duuɓi 25 seeɗa. Obasanjo teskiima caggal ɗuum wonde o anndaa ɗum e oon sahaa, sibu laamu makko alaa politik e ƴellitde yimɓe. Ɓeydagol yimɓe leydi Naajeeriya addani ɓe ɓeydaade yaawde e nder gure mawɗe e ŋakkeende cuuɗi e nder gure. Ngam haɓaade ɗum, bidsee Obasanjo e hitaande 1976 hollitii peeje mahngo 200 000 galle keso haa hitaande 1980, hay so tawii noon ko 28 500 tan mahaa.E hitaande 1976, laamu Obasanjo kadi hollitii wonde ina jogori ƴellitde renndo e cogguuli. Ngam haɓaade jiiɓru seppooji gollotooɓe, e hitaande 1976 laamu Obasanjo yaltinii sariyaaji cifotooɗi ko ɓuri heewde e gollorɗe mawɗe ko sarwisaaji baɗɗi faayiida, haɗi seppooji e nder mum en, yamiri nanngugol ardiiɓe senndikaaji jiiɓru. E hitaande 1978 nde hawriti senndikaaji 42 e nder fedde wootere nde gollotooɓe e leydi Nijeer. Obasanjo jokki bee taskaramji tati mawɗi ngam ndiyam haa woyla lesdi Naajeeriya ɗi arannde anndinaama les Murtala: taskaramji maayo Kano, taskaramji Bakalori, e taskaramji ndiyam Chad Sud. Laamu makko kadi jokki eɓɓooji ƴellitaare ndema puɗɗanooɗi to Funtua, Gusau, e Gombe. Won eɓɓaaɗe ƴellitgol laddeeji kadi puɗɗaama ngam haɗde njiimaandi Saharaa to bannge worgo. Ngam heɓde ko ɓuri heewde e ɗaɓɓaande leydi ndii e kuuraa, Obasanjo ardiima udditgol eɓɓaaɗe ɗiɗi kese ngam ƴellitde kuuraa e nder ndiyam e ƴulɓe. Industry petrol heddii ko huunde mawnde e faggudu leydi Naajeeriya e les laamu Obasanjo, ministeer petrol hawtii e fedde petroŋ leydi Naajeeriya ngam sosde fedde petroŋ leydi Naajeeriya (NNPC). Obasanjo kadi wallitii sosde lowre liggorde to Bonny, nde NNPC yoɓi 62% ; eɓɓaande ndee ko lomto makko woppi ɗum e nder ɓeydagol coodguuli. Obasanjo jokki kadi e peewnugol njuɓɓudi njamndi mboɗeeri Ajaokuta, eɓɓaande ndonaandi nde heewɓe e ñiŋooɓe e nder sarwisaaji laamu mbiyata ko nde waawataa huutoreede. E nder cakkital kitaale 1970, Naajeeriya kadi ina wondi e ustaare ndema, ko ɗum huunde nde laamuuji jokkondirɗi ɗii njiyti ko ɓuri hoybude e naatde e nguura e nder leydi ndii. E lewru mee 1976, Obasanjo fuɗɗii « Operation Feed the Nation » (Operation Feed the Nation), woni eɓɓaande ngam wuurtinde ndema tokoosa, tawi ina jeyaa heen yoɓeede almudɓe ngam remde e nder balɗe juulde. Eɓɓaande ndee ina waɗi kadi momtugol njoɓɗeele e nguura jawdi e kaɓirɗe ndema, e ballal kuutoragol tovo ngo, e ustude njoɓɗeele ndema. E lewru marse 1978, Obasanjo yaltini kuulal kuutoragol leydi ndi rokki laamu nguu hakkeeji jeyi leydi e dow leydi ndii kala. Ɗum waɗiraa ko ngam haɗde njulaagu leydi e njulaagu leydi, kadi addani ɗum yetteede e bannge nano leydi Najeriya hay so tawii noon ko galleeji keewɗi jogiiɗi leydi njiɗaa ɗum. Obasanjo yiyri ɗum ko e geɗe teeŋtuɗe laamu mum. Obasanjo wallitorii reentaade Gowon ngam waɗde heen jawdi mum caggal leydi, o jokki e ɗeen politikaaji. Politik faggudu ngenndiyankaagal e nder sekteeruuji teeŋtuɗi ina usta njulaagu keeriiɗo, ɗum addani ɗum ustude njulaagu, hay so tawii noon daraniiɓe ɗum ɓee ina njetta Obasanjo ngam dartinde diisnondiral kaalis so renndinaama e ardiiɓe mum. Politikuuji nder leydi O (Obasanjo) jokki e ƴamol jaŋde leslesre winndereyankoore e nder leydi Najeriya, politik ronkaama e Gowon. O naatini sariya jaŋde leslesre e hitaande 1976 ; hakkunde 1975–76 e 1979–80, binnditagol e duɗe leslese ɗe njoɓaaka kono ɗe njiɗaa, ɓeydiima gila e miliyoŋaaji 6 haa 12,5 miliyoŋ, hay so tawii noon jannginooɓe e kaɓirɗe ina ŋakki ngam waawde huutoraade ɗaɓɓaande ndee. E hitaande jaŋde 1977–78, Obasanjo naatni jaŋde hakkundeere nde alaa ko yoɓetee e fannuuji karallaagal, huunde nde yaajnaa e denndaangal jaŋde hakkundeere e hitaande 1979–80. E oon sahaa gooto, leydi Naajeeriya ustii kaalis jaŋde toownde ; e hitaande 1978 nde woppi rokkude ñamaale almudɓe, nde ɓeydi fotde laabi tati njoɓdi nguura e hoɗorde duɗe jaaɓi haaɗtirde. Seppooji janngooɓe mbaɗi e nder gure keewɗe, waɗii warngooji baɗnooɗi e nder wuro Lagos e Zaria. E nder jaabawol fitinaaji ɗii, Obasanjo udditi duɗe jaaɓi-haaɗtirde keewɗe, haɗi golle politik e nder duɗe jaaɓi-haaɗtirde, haɗi kadi fedde janngooɓe leydi Najeriya. Tiiɗnaare ɗeen peeje ina gasa tawa ko sabu tuumeede wonde fitinaaji almudɓe ɗii ina njokkondiri e kuudetaa militeer peewnaaɗo e lewru feebariyee 1978. Obasanjo ina mettini e jikkuuji almudɓe seppooɓe ɓee, o wiyi wonde ɗum ina hollita ruttaade e nafooje aadaaji ko wayi no hormaade almudɓe. Ngam batte ɓamtaare laamu Naajeeriya, leydi ndi yi’i ɓamtaare mawnde nder kuuɗe laamu. Seedeeji peeñii ko feewti e fenaande mawnde e nder laamu leydi ndii, tee, so tawii tuume ɗee ina keewi waɗeede e Obasanjo e hoore mum, alaa seedeeji tiiɗɗi peeñi. Ngam haɗde natal njulaagu e nder laamu, laamu Obasanjo haɗii huutoraade otooji Mercedes ngam waɗde otooji laamu, e lomtaade ɗum en, ɓe mbaɗti heen otooji Peugeot 504 ɓurɗi hoybude Naatgol champagne kadi haɗaama. E ƴaañde taƴgol konu, laamu Obasanjo yiyri 12 000 soldaat ina ndartinaa e nder duuɓi 1976 e 1977. Ɗee konu njalti ko e nokkuuji kesi ngam wallitde ɗum en e jokkondirde e nguurndam siwil en. Obasanjo kadi ina tuuma wonde ko kañum woni sabaabu ƴaañgol politik. E nder yeewtere wootere maantiniinde, koɗorɗe jimoowo e daraniiɗo politik Najeriya biyeteeɗo Fela Kuti, Republique Kalakuta, yani, yani haa laaɓi, caggal nde tergal e fedde makko hawri e yimɓe konu. Fela e ɓesngu mum piyi, njuppaa, yumma mum mawɗo, daraniiɗo politik e yumma mum sosɗo Chief Funmilayo Ransome Kuti, werlaa e windo. Ɗum addani mo gaañiiɓe no feewi, haa arti noon e maayde makko. Fela caggal ɗuum nawti kees to galle hooreejo leydi ndii e oon sahaa to Dodan Barracks to Lagos ngam salaade ƴaañde laamu nguu e politik. Politik caggal leydi Hooreejo leydi Amerik biyeteeɗo Jimmy Carter ina wondi e Obasanjo e njillu mum to leydi Najeriya e hitaande 1978 Obasanjo ina yiɗi tabitinde leydi Najeriya no ardorde mawnde e nder Afrik nii, e nder laamu makko, doole mum e nder duunde nde ɓeydiima. O ummini dabare Gowon ngam waɗugo julde ɗiɗaɓre nder duuniyaaru ngam naalankaaku e pinal ɓaleeɓe e afriknaajo haa lesdi Naajeeriya; ɗum waɗi ko to Lagos e lewru feebariyee 1977, hay so tawii noon ñaawooɓe nder leydi ndii mbiyi ko ɗum huunde nde alaa ko nafata. Obasanjo hokkii ɗuuɗal teddungal dow Dental Faggudu lesɗe Afrik Hirnaange (ECOWAS) nden o mettini ɗuuɗɓe nder terɗe maako ɗemngal Farayse ɓaawo o wi'i, bana no Naajeeriya ɓuri wallugo ceede ngam hukuuma kan, Naajeeriya foti jaɓɓaago hukuumaaji pamari ɗin haa Lagos. Jokkondiral e Ganaa ɓadiiɗo kadi ustii ; e hitaande 1979, leydi Nijeer taƴii petroŋ e nder leydi ndii ngam salaade warngooji luulndiiɓe politik ɗi laamu kesu ngu Jerry Rawlings wari. E laamu Obasanjo, Naajeeriya ustii jokkondiral mum juutngal e leydi Angalteer, ɓeydi jokkondirde e leyɗeele dentuɗe Amerik. Obasanjo ina yiɗi laamu hooreejo leydi Amerik biyeteeɗo Jimmy Carter, cuɓaaɗo e hitaande 1976, sabu Carter ina joginoo darnde tiiɗnde ngam tabitinde laamu ɓurngu heewde e Afrik worgo. Ambasadeer Carter to leydi Nijeer, hono Andrew Young, waɗii sehilaagal tiiɗngal e Obasanjo, Carter yilliima leydi Nijeer e hitaande 1978. Kono tan, kuulal ngam waylude alkule ɗee waɗiraa ko ngam dalillaaji laaɓtuɗi, wonaa miijooji ; yiytude petroŋ e nder maayo worgo firti ko Angalteer wontii ƴaañoowo wonaa soodoowo petroŋ Nijeer.Laamu Obasanjo kadi ina mettini heen no feewi nde Angalteer salii yoɓde Gowon, ina sikka wonde laamu Angalteer ina waawi wonde e kuudetaa mo Murtala waɗi. Ngam ɗeeɗoo hujjaaji, e hitaande 1976 nde miijii dartinde jokkondiral dipolomaasi e Angalteer, kono haa jooni nde dartinaani. Obasanjo noon saliima yahde Angalteer, o semmbini ardiiɓe makko waɗde ɗum. Jokkondiral ngal ɓeydii bonde nde Margaret Thatcher wonti gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi Angalteer e hitaande 1979, o fuɗɗii waɗde feere ɓurnde welde e njuɓɓudi laamu ɓaleeɓe tokosɓe to Rodesi e Afrik worgo. E nder jaabawol ngol, Naajeeriya nanngi laanawol ndiyam lesdi Naajeeriya, ngol ɓe tammi ɗon nastina petrol Naajeeriya haa lesdi Naajeeriya, ɓe haɗi hukuumaaji pamari Biritaniya ngam heɓugo kuuɗe Naajeeriya, ɓe nastini kuuɗe BP haa lesdi Naajeeriya. Obasanjo ina yiɗi kadi yaawnaade joofnude laamu ɓaleeɓe tokosɓe e nder Afrik worgo ; e wiyde Iliffe, ɗum wonti « cakkital politik makko caggal leydi ». Naajeeriya hokki ballal ngam haɓugo bee laamu daneeji nder diiwal ngal, hokki hukuumaaji pamari ɗi'i uddita birooji haa Lagos, nden hokki hukuumaaji pamari ɗin ɗon hokka mooɓgal feere-feere dogguɓe laamuuji lesdi Afrika fombinaari. E ƴettude peeje tiiɗɗe ngam haɓaade laamu apartaayd to Afrik worgo, Obasanjo hollitii wonde Nijeer naatataa e Olimpiyaaji 1976 sabu leydi Nuwel Selannde, tawtoraaɗo kawgel ngel, ina joginoo jokkondiral e Afrik worgo, leydi ndi haɗaa tawtoreede kawgel ngel sabu apartaayd. E hitaande 1977, Obasanjo haɗi kala kontraaji jokkondirɗi e Afrik worgo golloraade e nder leydi Nijeer ; sosiyateeji mawɗi ɗi njippii ɗii ko petroŋ Angalteer e Banke Barclays. E ndeen hitaande kadi, leydi Nijeer yuɓɓinii batu Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe ngam haɓaade apartaayd to Lagos, Obasanjo yilliima Amerik e lewru oktoobar ɗo o wiyi leydi ndii yo woppu yeeyde kaɓirɗe to Afrik worgo. Nde o woni nder leydi ndi'i o wolwi haa kawtal hoore lesdi ndi'i nden asaweeje ɗiɗi ɓaawo man Naajeeriya heɓi jooɗorde nder kawtal lesdi ndi'i. Fiilde Margaret Thatcher e hitaande 1979 ngam wonde gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi Angalteer, addani jokkondiral Angalteer e Niiseer bonnude ; Obasanjo miijii ko o yurmeende no feewi e laamuuji daneeji tokoosi e nder Afrik worgo Luulndaade laamu ɓaleeɓe tokosɓe e nder leydi Rodesi, addaniino hare Bush e nder leydi Rodesi, laamu Obasanjo ina jokki e wiyde wonde ko hare balɗe tan woni feere ngam foolde laamu Rodesi. O hirjinii ngootaagu hakkunde pelle ceertuɗe luulndiiɗe laamu toon, o wiyi Robert Mugabe, hooreejo ZANU, yo jaɓ ardaade luulndiiɗo makko, hono Joshua Nkomo mo ZAPU. E hitaande 1977, Angalteer e Amerik ciifi eɓɓaaɗe ngam waylude laamu ɓurngu heewde e Rodesi, e nder yonta mo leydi ndii woni e les njiimaandi doole Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe. Obasanjo jaɓii eɓɓaande ndee, o yilliima Tansani, Sammbi, Mosammbik, e Republiik Demokaratik Konngo ngam wiyde laamuuji mum en yo mbaɗ noon. Kono caggal nde Thatcher wonti gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi Angalteer, leydi Nijeer woɗɗitii hoore mum e darnde Angalteer ngam haɗde wolde Bush Rhodesian, o woppitaa kala darnde teeŋtunde e nder golle ɗe Angalteer waɗi, ɗe ngaddani wooteeji demokaraasi ɗi leƴƴi keewɗi mbaɗi e hitaande... Ko o hooreejo leydi, Obasanjo tawtoraama batuuji OAU. E oon sahaa yuɓɓinaa e lewru sulyee 1977, o eɓɓi sosde goomu jooɗiiɗo ngam haɓaade luural hakkunde leyɗeele jeyaaɗe e OAU. E batu 1978, o jeertinii wonde banngeeji ɗiɗi ɗii fof ina poti naatde e wolde huuɓtodinnde. E nder batu garoowo oo, o wiyi yo konu Pan-Afriknaajo sose, baawɗo waɗde golle ngam hisnude jam e nder duunde he. Ngam ɓamtuki darnde lesdi Naajeeriya nder duuniyaaru, Obasanjo nasti nder kuuɗe feere-feere ɗe lesdi Naajeeriya nder Afrika fuu. E hitaande 1977, o heɓtinii Benin e Togo yoo ndartin luural hakkunde keeri mum en, nguddita keeri mum en. O etinooma kadi haɓaade luural hakkunde leyɗeele keewɗe Fuɗnaange Afrik, o haɗa ɗum kadi ruttaade e Dental Fuɗnaange Afrik, kono o dañii heen caɗeele. Ko o hooreejo goomu jokkondire OAU, o etinooma jokkondire Ogaden hakkunde Ecoppi e Somali kono kadi o dañaani. O waawaano kadi feewnude luural peeñngal hakkunde Angalteer e leydi Konngo. E innde OAU, Obasanjo waɗii batu to Kano ngam haɓaade hare hakkunde leyɗeele Caad. Feddeeji keewɗi njaɓii darnude wolde, sosde laamu ngootaagu ngenndi, e accude konu leydi Najeriya ina waɗa jam. Hare nden noon jokki, Naajeeriya jaabtii e taƴde petroŋ mum to Caad. Koolol ɗiɗmol ko faati e hare ndee waɗii to Lagos e lewru ut 1979, ɗum addani laamu nguu sosde laamu nguu, ngu juutaani. E hitaande sakkitiinde e laamu makko konu, o ardii golle OAU ngam safrude wolde Saharaa hirnaange. Jaltugol laamu Laamu militeer en hawri ko e goomu ƴettugol doosɗe leydi ngam ƴettude doosgal kesal potngal huutoreede e nder mbayliigu laamu siwil. Goomu nguu hollitii wonde Naajeeriya ina foti waylude laamu mum, ngu tuugii ko e laamu parlemaa leydi Angalteer, ngu tuugnii e laamu hooreejo leydi Amerik, ɗo hooreejo leydi gooto cuɓaaɗo woni hooreejo leydi e hooreejo laamu. Ngam haɗude oo hooreejo leydi wontude diktatoor, hono no waɗirnoo e nokkuuji goɗɗi e nder Afrik nii, o ɗaɓɓi ƴeewndorɗe keewɗe e doole maɓɓe, haa arti noon e njuɓɓudi fedde nde, ɗo juɓɓule cuɓaaɗe keertiiɗe ngoni ɗoo e to bannge fedde, to bannge dowri, to bannge nokkuuji. Eɓɓaande doosgal leydi ndii yaltinaa ko e lewru oktoobar 1976, nde yeewtidaa e yeeso yimɓe fof e hitaande aroore ndee.Asamblee doosgal leydi hawri ngam yeewtidde e eɓɓaande doosgal leydi ndii e lewru oktoobar 1977. Asaambele leydi ndii ina jokki e ƴeewde hol darnde nde sariya sharia rokkata e nder doosgal leydi ndii. Obasanjo noddii dental ngal, o jeertini ɓe batte kuulal ngal ɓe mbaɗi e renndo, o wiyi ɓe yo ɓe ƴettu jikkuuji ɓurɗi moƴƴude. E lewru suwee 1978, Diiso toowngo konu (Conseil suprême militaire) habri doosɗe leydi kese ɗee ; nde waɗiino waylooji keewɗi e mbaydi ndi asaambele doosgal leydi ndii ƴetti. Yanti e doosgal kesal ngal, Obasanjo itti haɗde lanndaaji politik. Ndeen pelle keewɗe mbaɗii ngam tawtoreede wooteeji garooji ɗii, ko ɓuri teeŋtude heen ko lannda ngootaagu Yoruba, lannda yimɓe Naajeeriya, e lannda ngenndiijo Naajeeriya. Obasanjo mettini heen no feewi nde tawnoo heewɓe e dawriyankooɓe ina mbaɗa fodoore nde ɓe mbaawataa ɗooftaade. Woote ɗee mbaɗi ko e nder lewru sulyee e lewru ut 1979. Wootooɓe ɓee ina pamɗi, ko hakkunde 30 e 40% e wootooɓe winnditiiɓe e sariya, tee ina waɗi fenaande banngeeji keewɗi, hay so tawii noon ko jam. Wonno ko jeewte ko fayti e hol keɓɗo woote hooreleydaagu, Obasanjo salii ñaawde, o wiyi yo Komisariyaa woote ƴetta oon darnde.Ɓe kollitii wonde Shehu Shagari woni keɓɗo, huunde nde gardiiɗo ɗiɗaɓo oo, hono Obafemi Awolowo, luulndii to Ñaawirde Toownde, tawi o dañaani heen nafoore. Shagari ƴetti laamu ko e lewru oktoobar 1979 ; e nder kewu udditgol makko, Obasanjo rokki Shagari koppi doosgal leydi kesal. Ko ɗum woni fuɗɗoode Republique ɗiɗaɓere leydi Najeriya. Darnde Obasanjo nder wartirki lesdi Naajeeriya haa laamu siwil, ɗum laatoto darnde woore nde o jogi nder duuɓi cappanɗe ɗiɗi garooji. Kono yimɓe heewɓe e nder leydi ndii e caggal leydi, ina jeyaa heen hooreejo leydi Zambie, hono Kenneth Kaunda e hooreejo leydi Togo, hono Gnassingbé Eyadéma, ina ɗaɓɓi e makko yo o heddo e laamu. Jaɓde makko wallitde Awolowo, banndiiko Yoruba, addani mo gaño ko heewi e elite Yoruba. Awolowo tuumi Obasanjo ko kanko woni orkestraaji Shagari, huunde nde Obasanjo yeddi no feewi. Ko adii laamu (1979-1999) Ko adii nde o yaltata laamu, e lewru abriil 1979, Obasanjo ƴetti hoore mum e darnde seneraal ; ko o seneraal koode nay o jokki e heɓde njoɓdi dowla. Nde o woppi golle e lewru oktoobar, o arti Abeokuta. Caggal nde o waɗi kursus jonte jeegom to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde heblo ndema, Obasanjo ƴetti hoore mum e ndema, omo ɗaminii waɗde yeru e hirjinde ƴellitaare ndema. O heɓi ko famɗi fof 230 ektaar leydi to Ota ngam sosde ngesa makko, o naati ɗoon e galle ngesa birik. Wonno ko gaññeeje nokkuyankooje e dañde leydi ndi haa heewi, ñaawirɗe keewɗe ngaddaama e makko sabu ɗuum. Golle makko ndema yuɓɓinaama e fedde makko wiyeteende Temperance, caggal ɗuum o inniri ɗum « Obasanjo’s Farms Limited ». O waɗti heen hakkille teeŋtuɗo e ndema colli ; e cakkital kitaale 1980, ngesa makko ina ɓuuɓna 140 000 cukalel e yontere. O sosi kadi gese e nder gure goɗɗe to bannge worgo-fuɗnaange, e hitaande 1987 gese makko ina njogii ko ina tolnoo e 400 gollotooɗo e nokkuuji jeetati. Hono no yimɓe Yoruba woɗɓe lolluɓe nii, Obasanjo ina wallitnoo almudɓe miskineeɓe to duɗal makko ɓooyngal to Abeokuta. Obasanjo ɓeydii ñiŋde laamu siwil Shagari, o wiyi hooreejo leydi ndii ina famɗi semmbe, ina ŋakkiraa peeje. Naajeeriya nasti nder ɓillaaji faggudu ngam waylaaki coggu petrol nder duuniyaaru. E lewru mee 1983, mawɓe konu ɗaɓɓiri Obasanjo nde ƴettata laamu leydi ndii kadi, kono o salii. E lewru desaambar, ɓe liɓi Shagari tawi Obasanjo alaa heen, e nder kuudetaa mo yiyaani fitinaaji seeɗa. Muhammadu Buhari laati hooreejo lesdi sooje'en keso. Obasanjo fuɗɗii wallugo laamu Buhari, o wi'i demokaraasi wakiili'en ɗon ƴaɓɓitoo haa lesdi Naajeeriya. O yetti Buhari ngam haɓugo bee cemmbiɗinki lesdi, o ɗon mari feccere nder nastirde lesdi, nden o ɗon wartira budget booɗɗum. E lewru ut 1985, Buhari kadi liɓaama, hooreejo konu Ibraahiima Babangida ƴetti laamu. Obasanjo ina ñiŋa won e peeje faggudu ɗe Babangida waɗi, haa arti noon e ustude njoɓdi naira. E hitaande 1992, luulndaare makko e laamu Babangida addani mo noddude yo leydi Najeriya artire demokaraasi. O fuɗɗii kadi salaade politikaaji faggudu (indigenisation) e kitaale 1970, o wiyi doosɗe leydi ina poti haɗde ƴettugol jawdi caggal leydi. E nder ɗuum, o sikki laamu nguu ina foti teeŋtinde ƴellitaare nde laamu nguu ardii. O ɓeydii hulɓinaade ko ɓeydagol yimɓe, toɓɓere nde o yejjitaani nde o woni e laamu, o wiyi Naajeeriyankooɓe yo njogo ɓesnguuji tokoosi "ngam nafoore faggudu maɓɓe e renndo-faggudu ngenndi". E nder duuɓi sappo e go’o caggal nde Obasanjo woppi laamu, o yaltinii defte nay. E hitaande 1980, Obasanjo wonnoo ko tedduɗo to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Ibadan, ɗo o winndi deftere wiyeteende My Command, daartol ko faati e geɗe makko e nder wolde hakkunde leyɗeele ; nde yalti ko e lewru noowammbar ndeen hitaande. Won e janngooɓe ñiŋii ko ɓe njiyri ko Obasanjo ina ŋakkira Murtala Muhammed, Robert Adeyinka Adebayo, mawɗo politik Yoruba, wiyi yo deftere ndee yaltine ngam haɗde nde aawde feccere. Ƴeewirde ɓurnde moƴƴude ndee waɗi ko sehil makko, hono Ken Saro-Wiwa, o innitiri ɗum masterly kono o sikki ko ɗum waɗi ballal rewindaade no feewi. E hitaande 1987, o yaltini Nzeogwu, deftere ciimtol sehil makko Chukwuma Nzeogwu, mo o gollodtonoo to Konngo. Hitaande 1989, deftere Obasanjo yaltini, wiyeteende Doosgal leydi ngam naatgol e ƴellitaare, nde o jeertini e hujjaaji Babangida ngam sosde laamu lanndaaji ɗiɗi e nder leydi Najeriya. E hitaande 1990, deftere makko tataɓere, wiyeteende Not my volonté yalti. Nde rokki ciimtol sahaa nde o laaminoo leydi ndii. Golle hakkunde leyɗeele: 1979-1993 E hitaande 1986 Obasanjo jokkondiri e Nelson Manndelaa. O hollitii wonde "ko kawral ngal meeɗaa yejjiteede. Mi yiyii e [Mandelaa] Afriknaajo worgo, ko Afriknaajo tigi rigi, kadi ko gardiiɗo winndere mo alaa ko woni e mum. O ɓuri ardiiɓe ɓe min kawri e mum en e nder Afrik worgo ɓee fof." E yiɗde jogaade semmbe e dingiral winnderewal, Obasanjo udditi Fedde Ardorde Afrik e nder ngesa mum Ota. Tuggi 1981 haa 1982, o jooɗiima kadi e Komiseer Palme, fedde nde gonnooɗo gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi Suwed, hono Olof Palme ardii, yeewtidnde ko fayti e ustude kaɓirɗe e kisal winndere. Obasanjo rewi heen ko e jeyeede e goomuuji nannduɗi e ɗii ɗoo, wonande Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe, Fedde Adunaare Cellal, e Goomu hakkunde-leyɗeewu ardiiɓe laamuuji ɓooyɗi. Nde Javier Pérez de Cuéllar, hooreejo Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe rafi, Obasanjo hiisetee ko potɗo lomtaade mo. Caggal nde Pérez de Cuéllar holliti woppii laamu, Obasanjo fuɗɗii kampaañ ngam lomtaade mo. E woote Goomu Kisal Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe, o woni tataɓo, tawi ko Boutros Boutros-Ghali, Ejiptnaajo, ƴetti darnde ndee. O yalti galle makko e njilluuji keewɗi; e hitaande 1986 o yilliima Japon, e hitaande 1987 o yilliima U.S. E nder luural hakkunde leyɗeele dentuɗe Amerik ngam yiɗde ɓurde yooɗde e Afrik worgo, nanondiraama wonde fedde wiyeteende Eminent Persons Group (EPG) ina sosee ngam fuɗɗoraade kaaldigal e laamu Afrik worgo ngam wallitde ɗum e ustude apartaayd. E dow wasiyaaji cukko hooreejo leydi Naajeeriya, hono Emeka Anyaoku, Obasanjo suɓaama ngam ardaade fedde nde e wonndude e gonnooɗo gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi Ostarali, hono Malcolm Fraser. Obasanjo jaɓi e dow fenaande. E lewru feebariyee 1986, kanko e Fraser ɓe njahi to wuro wiyeteengo Cape Town ɗo ɓe naamndii ngam hawritde e Nelson Manndelaa, daraniiɗo apartaayd, tergal mawngal e nder fedde wiyeteende Congres National Africaine (ANC) haɗaande. Ko Obasanjo tan yamiraa jokkondirde e Manndelaa ; o wiyi caggal ɗuum wonde omo weltii e makko no feewi. Ndeen Obasanjo hawrii e mawɓe ANC wonɓe e egguɓe to Lusaka. E lewru marse 1986, EPG oo fof yilliima Afrik worgo, e nder yonta mo jiiɓru e fitinaaji nder galleeji ɓeydii mawnude.Ko ɗoon ɓe kawri e mawɓe laamu nguu, ina jeyaa heen gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi ndii hono P. W. Botha, mo Obasanjo siftini caggal ɗuum wonde ko neɗɗo ɓurɗo muñde mo meeɗaa hawrude. Ciimtol EPG ngol hollitii wonde, so tawii ko ɓuri heewde e yimɓe Afrik worgo ina njiɗi nanondiral ngal alaa ko bonnata hakkunde laamu nguu e pelle luulndiiɗe apartaayd, gadano oo yiɗaa miijaade ɗum, tee alaa ko yahri yeeso no feewi ngam joofnude apartaayd. EPG noon hollitii wonde ina haani ɓeydaade tiiɗnaade e nder winndere ndee. Goomu Commonwealth jaɓii ko ciimtol ngol holliti, tawi Angalteer ina luulndii ɗum ; ɗum addani Obasanjo ɓeydaade mettinde Thatcher. Ndeen Commonwealth yamirii mo yo o ardo goomu ngam yuurnitaade ko Dowlaaji Dentuɗi ɗii poti daranaade koye mum en e njiimaandi Afrik worgo. Caggal nde Botha lomtinaa F. W. de Klerk, ooɗoo ɗiɗaɓo yaltini Manndelaa kasoo. Ina jeyaa e ɗanle Mandelaa gadane caggal leydi, to Niiseer, ɗo o yilli Obasanjo to galle mum. Lebbi ɗiɗi caggal ɗuum, Obasanjo ardii delegaasiyoŋ Najeriya to Afrik worgo ngam yeewtidde e yimɓe mawɓe politik. E lewru suwee 1991, o yilliima kadi, o wiyi hooreejo Zulu en, hono Mangosuthu Buthelezi, yo waɗ kaaldigal e pelle goɗɗe ngam wallitde dartinde apartaayd e waɗde woote timmuɗe. Obasanjo kadi golliima e ƴellitaare nokkuuji goɗɗi e nder Afrik. O yilliima Angalteer laabi ɗiɗi e nder hitaande 1988, o wallitii e darnde ngam joofnude wolde hakkunde leyɗeele toon. O yilliima kadi Sudaan laabi tati hakkunde 1987 e 1989, tawi o dañaani heen nafoore, o hirjinii kaaldigal ngam joofnude wolde ɗiɗmere Sudaan. Ndeen o wonii ƴeewoowo e wooteeji gardagol leydi Mosammbik e hitaande 1994. E hitaande 1994 e 1995, o yilliima Burundi, o golliima ngam deeƴnude caɗeele hakkunde leƴƴi Hutu en e Tutsi en. O fuɗɗinooma noddude jokkondiral ɓurngal ɓadaade e nder Afrik, o wiyi ɗum ina waawi heɓtineede e sosde feddeeji jeegom diiwaanuuji. E lewru suwee 1987, o ƴettiino peeje ngam yuɓɓinde Fedde Ardorde Afrik, nde wallitta rokkude karallaagal e heblo wonande politikaaji ummoriiɗi e duunde he kala. Nde fuɗɗii waɗde batuuji, anndiraaɗi « Dialogues de la maison de la ferme » , gila e galle Obasanjo fotde laabi jeegom e nder hitaande. Kadi nde waɗii batuuji winndereeji kala lewru, nde yaltinii jaaynde kala lewru, wiyeteende “Forum Afrique” hakkunde 1991 e 1993. pqw73ch32eieaczjtso2azrfak77nmx 175761 175751 2026-06-22T20:14:02Z Ilya Discuss 10103 #1Lib1Ref 175761 wikitext text/x-wiki Mawɗo Olusegun Matthew Okikiola Ogunboye Aremu Obasanjo GCFR (// C; Yoruba: Olúṣẹ́gun Ọbásanjọ́ [ōlúʃɛ́ɡũ̄ ɔ̄básã̄d͡ʒɔ́] R; jibinaa ko c. ndema, e gonnooɗo seneraal konu gonnooɗo hooreejo leydi Naajeeriya gila 1976 haa 1979, caggal ɗuum o woni hooreejo leydi ndii gila 1999 haa 2007. To bannge miijo, ko o ngenndiyanke Naajeeriya, o jeyaa ko e lannda Demokaraasi Leƴƴi (PDP) gila 1998 haa 2019. Obasanjo jibinaa ko e wuro Ibogun-Olaogun, e nder galle remoowo, jeyaaɗo e leñol Owu, Obasanjo janngi ko ɓuri heewde e wuro wiyeteengo Abeokuta, to diiwaan Ogun. O naati konu leydi Naajeeriya, o janngi ko faati e inndeeji, o golliima to Konngo, Angalteer, e Inndo, o arti e darnde Major. E darorɗe kitaale 1960, o waɗii darnde mawnde e haɓaade seernaaɓe Biafra e nder wolde hakkunde leyɗeele Nijeer, o jaɓi dogde e hitaande 1970. E hitaande 1975, kuudetaa konu sosi junta e Obasanjo e nder laamu mum tati. Caggal nde hooreejo triumvirate, hono Murtala Muhammed, waraa e hitaande rewtunde ndee, Diiso toowngo konu toɗɗii Obasanjo hooreejo leydi ndii. Jokkude politik Murtala, Obasanjo ƴeewtindiima taƴgol bidsee e yaajnude jaŋde ekkolaaji ɗi ngalaa njoɓdi. Ɓesdugo hawtuki lesdi Naajeeriya bee lesdi Amerika, o teddini kadi ballal pelle luutndiiɗe laamu ɓaleeɓe pamari nder Afrika woylaare. Obasanjo ɗon mari haaje wartirgo demokaraasi, o ardi woote 1979, ɓaawo man o hokki laamu lesdi Naajeeriya haa hooreejo lesdi siwil keso, Shehu Shagari. Ndeen Obasanjo artii e golle mum to Ota, Ogun, ɗo o wonti demoowo, o yaltini defte nay, o tawtoraama eɓɓooji winndereeji ngam joofnude hareeji Afrik ceertuɗi. E hitaande 1993, Sani Abacha heɓti laamu e kuudetaa konu. Obasanjo ina ñiŋa laamu Abacha e peeñcu, e hitaande 1995 o nanngaa, o ñaawaa wonde o jeyaa ko e kuudetaa peewnaaɗo, hay so tawii o seppii wonde o alaa ella. Nde o woni e kasoo ndee, o wonti Kerecee’en jibinaaɗo, tawi ko providentialism ina tiiɗtini no feewi e yi’annde makko aduna caggal ɗuum. O woppitaama caggal maayde Abacha e hitaande 1998. Obasanjo naati e politik wooteeji, o wonti kanndidaa PDP e wooteeji hooreleydaagu 1999, ɗi o dañi. Ko o hooreejo leydi, o woppi politik militeer en, kamɓe ɗiɗo fof ɓe njaajni polis, ɓe moofti konu ngam haɓaade fitinaaji leƴƴi, diineeji, e seernaaɓe jaajɗi. O itti sooje'en lesdi Naajeeriya diga lesdi Siyeraa Leone, o hokki hukuumaaji pamari feere-feere ngam ustugo ceede lesdi ndi'i. O artiraa e woote 2003. E nder miijooji Pan-Afrik, o woniino daraniiɗo no feewi sosde Dental Afrik, o woniino hooreejo mayre tuggi 2004 haa 2006. Eɓɓooje Obasanjo ngam waylude doosɗe leydi ngam ittude keeri manndaa hooreejo leydi, ɗe njahraani no haanirta nii, ɗe ngaddani ɗum ñiŋooje. Caggal nde o woppi golle, o heɓi doktoraa makko e ganndal diine to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde National Open to leydi Najeriya. Nguurndam gadano Baaba Olusegun Obasanjo, Obasanjo Bankole, jeyaa ko e ardiiɓe hoɗɓe e sosɓe wuro Igbogun Olaogun e fuɗɗoode kitaale 1920. Hay so tawii ko o demoowo keewɗo jawdi, o jom jawdi en, omo hiisee wonde miskiino sabu o jeyaaka e yimɓe jannguɓe e nder leydi Yoruba. Bankole hawri e Bernice Ashabi, njulaagu tokooso to Igbogun, kamɓe ɗiɗo fof ɓe resndi. Ɓeeɗoo ɗiɗo ina njogii ɓiɓɓe ɗiɗo heddiiɓe e nder jeegom : Olusegun e Adunni Oluwola, miñiiko debbo gooto. E wiyde paaspoor makko, Olusegun Obasanjo jibinaa ko ñalnde 5 marse 1937 hay so tawii noon alaa ko winndaa e mum hannde, ñalngu nguu ko limto ɓadiiɗo. Olusegun ko jeyaaɗo e Laamu Owu. O mawni ko e Baptiste. Debbo makko caggal mum naati lislaam ngam resde gorko juulɗo.[9] E duuɓi sappo e go'o, o naati duɗal leslesal wuro ngo,[10] caggal duuɓi tati, e hitaande 1951, o naati duɗal Baptist Day to nokku Owu to Abeokuta.[11] E hitaande 1952 o arti e duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde sukaaɓe Baptist,[12] kadi e nder wuro ngo. Feccere e njoɓdi duɗal makko ko dokke laamu.[13] Obasanjo waɗii ko moƴƴi e jaŋde,[14] e nder duɗal o wonti Boy Scout keewɗo faayiida.[15] Hay so tawii alaa ko holliti wonde e oon sahaa o tawtoraama kala pelle politik,[15] ko e nder duɗal hakkundeewal Obasanjo salii innde makko adannde "Matthew" ngam wonde golle luulndiiɗe koloñaal.[16] E nder ɗuum, baaba Obasanjo woppi debbo mum e sukaaɓe mum ɗiɗo.[17] Nde o yani e baasal, yumma Obasanjo ina foti golloraade njulaagu ngam wuurde.[15] Ngam yoɓugo ceede janngirde maako, Obasanjo ɗon huuwa haa gese kakawo e kola, ɗon ligga, ɗon mooɓa leɗɗe, ɗon sooda ceene mahooɓe. E nder balɗe udditgol duɗal ngal kadi o golliima e duɗal ngal, omo taƴa huɗo e golle juuɗe goɗɗe.[18] E hitaande 1956, Obasanjo waɗi jaŋde mum hakkundeere, caggal nde o ñamli kaalis ngam yoɓde njoɓdi naatgol.[19] E oon hitaande kadi, o fuɗɗii jokkondirde e Oluremi Akinlawon, ɓiy Owu mawɗo station. Ɓe ndarniino dewgal haa hitaande 1958.[20] O yalti duɗal, o fayi Ibadan, o ƴetti golle jannginde. Ko ɗoon o jooɗii e ekzamen naatgol to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Ibadan, kono hay so o jaɓii o tawi o waawaa yoɓde njoɓdi jaŋde.[19] Ndeen Obasanjo fellitii jokkude golle mum e nder konu leydi Najeriya, ngam heɓde ngal gollal, e hitaande 1958 o jaabiima eɓɓoore ngam janngude ofiseeji cadet e nder konu leydi Najeriya.[21][22] Fuɗɗoode golle konu (1958-1966) Heblo konu: 1958-1959 E lewru marse 1958, Obasanjo naati e konu leydi Najeriya.[23] O yi’i ɗum ko fartaŋŋe jokkude jaŋde makko tawa omo heɓa njoɓdi;[24] o humpitaaki ɗoon e ɗoon ɓesngu makko, o hulii wonde jibnaaɓe makko ina njaɓa ɗum.[25] Ko e oon sahaa konu leydi Najeriya ina jokki e juuɗe laamu koloñaal leydi Najeriya, ngam heblude ndimaagu leydi Najeriya timmungu, kadi ina waɗi eɓɓooje ngam heɓde yimɓe leydi Najeriya ɓurɓe heewde e nder darnde konu mum.[25] Ndeen o neldaama to duɗal jaŋde ofiseeji jooɗɗi to Teshie to leydi Gana.[23] Nde o woni caggal leydi, o neldi ɓataakeeji e dokke to jom suudu makko to leydi Najeriya.[20] E lewru suwee 1958, o suɓaa ngam ɓeydaade heblo lebbi jeegom to duɗal Mons Officer Cadet to Aldershot, to fuɗnaange Angalteer. Obasanjo yiɗaa ɗum toon, o sikkatnoo ko ɗum juɓɓule njiyaagu e njiyaagu, o tawi ina saɗi ko jokkondiri e dumunna Engele ɓurɗo toowde e ɓuuɓde.[26] Nde semmbini miijooji makko bonɗi e laamu Biritaan e hakke mum laamaade e dow laamuuji mum koloñaal en.[24] To Mons, o heɓi komisoŋ e seedantaagal to bannge innde. Nde Obasanjo woni to leydi Angalteer, yumma mum maayi. Baaba makko ndeen maayi ko hitaande caggal ɗuum.[27] E hitaande 1959, Obasanjo arti Nijeer. Ko ɗoon o artiraa to Kaduna, o woni subaltern infanterie e bataliyoŋ joyaɓo.[27] Wakkati maako haa Kaduna woni wakkati arandejum nde Obasanjo jooɗi haa nokkure nde juulɓe ɗuuɗi.[27] Ko nde o woni toon, e lewru Oktoobar 1960, leydi Nijeer wonti leydi ndimaagu.[28][22] Kiiriis Konngo: 1960-1961 Ƴeew kadi: Kiriis Konngo Caggal ɗuum seeɗa, bataliyoŋ joyaɓo neldaa to Konngo ngam jeyeede e konu Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe ngam haɓaade jam. Ko ɗoon bataliyoŋ oo woni e nder diiwaan Kivu, tawi ko ɗoon woni Bukavu.[28] To leydi Konngo, Obasanjo e woɗɓe ina njoginoo darnde reende siwil en, haa arti noon e leñol Belsik, e soldateeɓe murtuɓe e laamu Patrice Lumumba.[28] E lewru feebariyee 1961, Obasanjo nanngaa e juuɗe murtuɓe nde o ummotoo e misiyoŋaaji katolik en e nder dingiral sara Bukavu. Mutinooɓe ɓee miijinoo ko warde mo kono ɓe njamiraama yo ɓe njaltu. E lewru mee 1961, bataliyoŋ joyaɓo ummii Konngo, arti Najeriya.[28] E nder wolde nde, o toɗɗaama kapiteen wakkati.[24] O teskiima caggal ɗuum wonde sahaa mo o woni e Konngo oo ina semmbina "fervour pan-africain" bataliyoŋ makko.[28] Gartugol e leydi Konngo: 1961-1966 Nde o arti, Obasanjo soodi oto makko gadano, o naati e opitaal ko juuti sabu rafi reedu. Nde o selli, o artiraa e Korse Innjiniyaaruuji konu. E hitaande 1962 o jooɗii to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Royal College to Angalteer. Ko ɗoon o ɓuri waawde, o siforaa ko "almuudo Commonwealth ɓurɗo waawde". Oon hitaande, o yoɓi Akinlawon ngam yahde Londres ɗo o waawi naatde e kursus heblo. Ɓeeɗoo ɗiɗo resndi ɗum ko e lewru suwee 1963 to biro binnditagol Camberwell Green, ɓe nganndini ɓesnguuji maɓɓe tan caggal nde ɓe mbaɗi hiirde ndee.E ndeen hitaande, Obasanjo yamiraama yo o hoot to leydi Nijeer, hay so tawii debbo makko ina heddii to Londres duuɓi tati goɗɗi ngam timminde jaŋde makko. Nde o naati Naajeeriya, Obasanjo hoosi ardungal konu Innjiniyaaruuji ladde, jooɗiiɗum haa Kaduna. E nder konu, Obasanjo ina jokki e yahrude yeeso e nder darɗe, o wonti mawɗo e hitaande 1965. O huutoriima ngalu makko ngam soodde leydi, e fuɗɗoode kitaale 1960 o heɓi jawdi to Ibadan, Kaduna, e Lagos. E hitaande 1965, Obasanjo neldaa leydi Inndo. E nder laawol, o yilliima debbo makko to Londres. To leydi Indiya, o janngi to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde toppitiingal ko fayti e cellal to Wellington, caggal ɗuum to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Innjiniyaaruuji to Poona. Obasanjo hulɓinii e heege nde o seedtii e nder leydi Indiya hay so tawii o ƴettii nafoore e pinal leydi ndii, huunde nde addani mo janngude defte diineeji nannditooji. Hare nder leydi Naajeeriya Winndannde mawnde: Hare nder leydi Najeriya Golle makko ko adii wolde hakkunde leyɗeele: 1966-1967 Obasanjo ummi Naajeeriya nder lewru January hitaande 1966 ngam heɓugo lesdi ndi'i nder kuudetaa konu ngu Major Emmanuel Ifeajuna ardii. Obasanjo ina jeyaa e jeertinɓe wonde ngonka kaa ina waawi jippaade e wolde nder leydi.O hollitii wonde maa o won hakkunde ƴaañooɓe kuudetaa e laamu siwil, ngu rokki laamu nguu e juuɗe hooreejo konu Johnson Aguiyi-Ironsi. Nde kuudetaa oo ronki, Olusegun hawri e Ironsi to Lagos. Ironsi ɓooyaani ko timmini fedde nde e nder leydi Najeriya rewrude e yamiroore mum kawral e lewru mee 1966, huunde nde ɓuuɓni jiiɓru leƴƴi. E darorɗe lewru sulyee, kuudetaa ɗiɗmo waɗi. To wuro Ibadan, sooja'en iwdi woyla lesdi Naajeeriya ɗon ƴama, ɓe mbari Ironsi, ɓe mbari fodde teemeɗɗe ɗiɗi sooje'en ko ɓuri ɗuuɗugo ɓe iwdi lesdi Naajeeriya. Seneraal Yaakubu Gowon heɓti laamu. Nde ooɗoo kuudetaa waɗata nde Obasanjo wonnoo ko to Maiduguri. Nande ɗum, o yaawi hootde Kaduna. Ko ɗoon o tawi konu worgo ummoriiɗo e bataliyoŋ tataɓo ina ronka, ina torloo, ina wara soldateeɓe Igbo en. Gomnaajo lesdi Naajeeriya, Hassan Katsina, annditi dow koo ngam Olusegun naa Igbo, bana no o woni mo woylaare lesdi Naajeeriya, o ɗon nder ɓilla haa sooja'en murtuɓe. Ngam reenaade ɓe, Katsina neldi Olusegun e debbo mum ngarta Maiduguri balɗe sappo, tawi fitinaaji ɗii ina ustoo. Caggal ɗuum, Obasanjo neldi debbo mum to Lagos, tawi omo hoota Kaduna kanko e hoore makko, o woni ɗoon haa lewru Yarkomaa 1967. E oon sahaa ko kanko woni ofisee Yoruba ɓurɗo mawnude tawaaɗo to bannge worgo. E lewru Yarkomaa 1967, Obasanjo toɗɗaama to Lagos ngam wonde mawɗo Injineer konu.Hare hakkunde leƴƴi Igbo e leƴƴi worgo ina jokki e ɓeydaade, e lewru mee, ofisee konu Igbo C. Odumegwu Ojukwu hollitii jeytaare nokkuuji ɓurɗi heewde Igbo e nder fuɗnaange-rewo leydi Bi. Ñalnde 3 lewru juko, laamu leydi Najeriya neldi Obasanjo to Ibadan ngam wonde hooreejo leydi Hirnaange.Hare hakkunde konu leydi Najeriya e seernaaɓe Biafran fuɗɗii ko ñalnde 6 lewru juko. Ñalnde 9 sulyee, Ojukwu neldi koloñaal konu Biafra dow pont Niiseer ngam yiɗde heɓtude Mid-West, nokku ɗo ɓe mbaawi ummoraade Lagos. Obasanjo yiɗiino uddude laabi jahduɗi e wuro ngo. Komandaajo Yoruba biyeteeɗo Victor Banjo, ardinooɗo konu njanngu Biafran, etinooma waawnude Obasanjo yoo ɓe njaltu, kono o salii. Kuugal konu lesdi: 1967-1970 "Kolonel Olu Obasanjo, gardinooɗo diɗɗal tataɓal". Jaaynde Naajeeriya keso, hello 7, 12 lewru Yarkomaa 1970. Gagga hare nder leydi Naajeeriya e Biafra. Ndeen Obasanjo toɗɗaama hooreejo caggal diɗɗal ɗiɗaɓal Murtala Muhammed, gollotoongal to Mid-Ouest. Obasanjo woni ko e jooɗaade to Ibadan, ko kañum halfinaa Division ɗiɗaɓo oo jogaade kaɓirɗe. E nder wuro ngo, Obasanjo jannginii course ganndal konu to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Ibadan, o mahi jokkondiral makko e nder elite Yoruba. E nder wolde nde, wonno ko jiiɓru mawndu e nder Dowla Hirnaange, ngam daɗde e ɗeen caɗeele, Obasanjo woppi golle mum e nder Diiso doosɗe Hirnaange.Nde Obasanjo woɗɗi Ibadan e lewru noowammbar 1968, gure jogiiɗe kaɓirɗe ɗe fedde remooɓe Agbekoya moofti, njani e galle laamorɗo Ibadan. Konuuji ɗii njaabtii, mbari sappo e fitinaaji ɗii. Nde Obasanjo arti o yamiri yo ñaawirde ƴeewto kewuuji ɗii. Yamiroore konu: 1967-1970 "Kolonel Olu Obasanjo, gardinooɗo diɗɗal tataɓal". Jaaynde Naajeeriya keso, hello 7, 12 lewru Yarkomaa 1970. Gagga hare nder leydi Naajeeriya e Biafra. Ndeen Obasanjo toɗɗaama hooreejo caggal diɗɗal ɗiɗaɓal Murtala Muhammed, gollotoongal to Mid-Ouest. Obasanjo ina jooɗii to Ibadan, ko kañum halfinaa Division ɗiɗaɓo oo jogaade kaɓirɗe. E nder wuro ngo, Obasanjo jannginii course ganndal konu to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Ibadan, o mahi jokkondiral makko e nder elite Yoruba. E nder wolde nde, wonno ko jiiɓru mawndu e nder Dowla Hirnaange, ngam daɗde e ɗeen geɗe, Obasanjo woppi golle e nder Diiso doosɗe Dowla Hirnaange. Nde Obasanjo woɗɗi Ibadan e lewru noowammbar 1968, wuro ngo ina jogii balɗe, ngo fedde remooɓe Agbekoya moofti, yani e galle laamorɗo Ibadan. Konuuji ɗii njaabtii, mbari sappo e fitinaaji ɗii. Nde Obasanjo arti o yamiri yo ñaawirde ƴeewto kewuuji ɗii. Gowon felliti lomtaade Kolonel Benjamin Adekunle, ardinooɗo njanngu Biafra, kono ina haani Yoruba mawɗo goɗɗo. O suɓii ko Obasanjo, hay so tawii noon o alaa humpito hare. Obasanjo arii Port Harcourt ngam heɓtude golle ɗee ñalnde 16 mee 1969 ; o ardii hannde hakkunde 35 000 e 40 000 soldaat. O waɗii jonte jeegom gadane ɗee ko e riiwtude njangu Biafran e Aba. O yilliima kala nokku e yeeso, o gaañiiɗo e waɗde ɗum. Ɗee golle ngaddi mo innde cuusal e nder worɓe makko E lewru desaambar, Obasanjo fuɗɗii golle Finishing Touch, yamiri konu mum yo yahru yeeso feewde Umuahia, ngu ɓe ƴetti ñalnde Natal. Ɗum taƴii Biafra e feccere. Ñalnde 7 lewru Yarkomaa 1970, o ummini ndeen « Operation Tail-Wind », o heɓti laana ndiwoowa Uli ñalnde 12 lewru Yarkomaa. E oon sahaa, ardiiɓe Biafran njaɓi yoɓde. Ñalnde 13 lewru nduu, Obasanjo jokkondiri e komandaajo konu Biafran biyeteeɗo Philip Effiong. Obasanjo wi'i sooja'en Biafran hokka balmi maɓɓe, nden boo suɓol ardiiɓe lesdi ndi'i ɗon yaha Lagos, ɓe hokka Gowon dow laawol. Janngo mum, Obasanjo haali e rajo diiwaan oo, o wiyi ɓiɓɓe leydi ndi yo njokku e galleeji mum en, o dartina kisal mum en. Biafranaaɓe heewɓe e jaayɗe goɗɗe ina kuli wonde konu leydi Najeriya ina waawi waɗde bonanndeeji keewɗi e yimɓe foolɓe ɓee, hay so tawii noon Obasanjo ina yiɗi haɗde ɗum. O yamiri konu makko e nder diiwaan hee yo heddo e nder galleeji mum en, jokkude wonde polis nokku oo ina foti ƴettude kuule ngam ƴellitde sariya e deeƴre. Division tataɓo, ɓurɗo woɗɗude, waɗii hareeji warngooji e yimɓe nokku oo. Obasanjo ina tiiɗi e waɗooɓe bonannde ndee, sibu waɗɓe warngooji ɗii mberlaama, waɗɓe warngooji ɗii mbardaa. Laamu Gowon waɗi Obasanjo kalfinaaɗo naatnude Biafra e nder leydi Najeriya, e nder oon darnde o heɓi teddungal ngam teeŋtinde mawngu. Ko o injenieer, o teeŋtinii artirde jolngo ndiyam ; haa lewru mee 1970 gure mawɗe diiwaan oo fof njokkondirii e jolngo ndiyam. Darnde Obasanjo e timminde wolde nde waɗi mo jaambaaro wolde, kadi ko o neɗɗo ganndiraaɗo e nder leydi Najeriya. Kuugal maako ɓaawo konu lesdi: 1970-1975 E lewru suwee 1970, Obasanjo arti Abeokuta, jamaanu jaɓɓii mo no jaambaaro garoowo nii. Ndeen o neldaama to Lagos, o woni Brigadier gardinooɗo Korse Innjiniyankooɓe. E lewru oktoobar, Gowon hollitii wonde laamu militeer en ina rokka laamu nguu laamu siwil e hitaande 1976. E nder ɗuum, haɗde lanndaaji politik ina heddii e doole ; Gowon yahri yeeso seeɗa e sosde laamu siwil. E les laamu sooja'en, Obasanjo jooɗi nder goomu limngal sooja'en lesdi Naajeeriya, ko laarani limngal sooja'en lesdi Naajeeriya nder duuɓi 1970. E hitaande 1974 Obasanjo yahi to leydi Angalteer ngam janngude to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Royal College to bannge diine. Nde o arti, e lewru Yarkomaa 1975 Gowon toɗɗii mo Komisariyaa Golle e Koɗki, golle ɗe o joginoo fotde lebbi jeeɗiɗi, e nder ɗuum o ɓuri waawde mahde kaɓirɗe konu. E hitaande 1970, Obasanjo soodi sosiyatee Libannaajo ɓooyɗo to Ibadan, o gollini heen awokaa ngam ƴellitde ɗum. E hitaande 1973 o winnditii fedde wiyeteende Temperance Enterprises Limited, nde o waawi waɗde heen golle njulaagu caggal nde o woppi golle konu. O jokki kadi e waɗde heen jawdi ; e hitaande 1974 o joginoo galleeji ɗiɗi to Lagos e gooto fof to Ibadan e Abeokuta. Haalaaji ummii wonde Obasanjo ina jokki e waɗde njulaagu nguu ina ɓeydoo yaajde e nder leydi Najeriya, hay so tawii noon alaa ko holliti ɗum ko laaɓti. Dewgal makko e Oluremi wonti caɗeele nde o salii jokkondiral makko e rewɓe woɗɓe. E cakkital kitaale 1970 dewgal maɓɓe fusi. E hitaande 1976 o resi Stella Abebe e nder kewu aadaaji Yoruba. E nder laamu Murtala Kuudetaa 1975 e caggal mum Binndanɗe mawɗe: Kuudetaa laamu Nijeer e hitaande 1975 e Kawtal konu Nijeer (1966–1979) E lewru sulyee 1975, kuudetaa e gardagol Shehu Muusaa Yar’Adua e Yuusuf Garba liɓi Gowon, o dogi fayti Angalteer. Ɓe kaalaani Obasanjo e peeje maɓɓe nde tawnoo omo anndiraa wonde kuudetaa ko kuutorgal waylude laamu. Kuudetaaji ɗii njiɗnoo ko lomtinde laamu otokaraasi Gowon nguu e laamu tati (triumvirate) brigadieruuji tati ɗi Diiso Toowngo Konu ina waawi haɗde kuule mum en. Ngalɗoo laamu tati, ɓe cemmbini Seneraal Murtala Muhammed yo won hooreejo leydi, Obasanjo woni ɗiɗaɓo e gardagol mum, Danjuma woni tataɓo. Daartoowo biyeteeɗo John Iliffe teskiima wonde e nder triumvirate, Obasanjo ko « puccu gollordu e ngaandi » , ko kanko ɓuri yaawde hootde e laamu siwil. E nder heen, triumvirate oo naatni peeje ustude ngalu ngam haɗde inflation, sosi Biro toppitiiɗo ko fayti e golle bonɗe, lomtini guwerneeruuji militeer en ɗii fof ofiseeji kesi, ɓe cifotoo ko Obasanjo woni hooreejo konu, ɓe puɗɗii "Operation Deadwood" mo ɓe ndartini ofiseeji civil 11,000. Mawɗo gollordu, suudu sarɗiiji: 1975–76 E lewru oktoobar 1975, laamu nguu hollitii peeje ngam waɗde woote ɗe mbaɗata ngam laamu siwil e lewru oktoobar 1979. Ngu hollitii kadi peeje ngam sosde goomu ngam ƴettude doosgal leydi kesal, tawi ko Obasanjo ɓuri waawde suɓaade terɗe goomu nguu 49. E dow wasiyaaji Komiseer Irifeke, laamu nguu hollitii kadi sosde dowlaaji jeeɗiɗi kesi ; e dow tiiɗnaare Obasanjo, Abeokuta ina foti wonde laamorgo gooto e ɗeen dowlaaji kesi, hono Ogun. Kadi dow wasiyaaji komitiiru ndun, ɓe anndini anniyaaji seeɗa-seeɗa ngam wurtinki laamorgo lesdi Naajeeriya diga Lagos haa Abuja ɓurduɗum caka. E lewru Yarkomaa 1976, Obasanjo e Danjuma fof ƴettaa e jappeere Lietnaa-Seneraal. Murtala e Obasanjo fof ina ndartini darnde ngam haɗde koloñaal Oropnaaɓe jokkude e njiimaandi ɓaleeɓe tokosɓe e nder Afrik worgo, ɗum noon ko huunde nde ɓe cuɓii e politik maɓɓe caggal leydi. Ngolɗoo sabaabu ina ɓeydoo wontude ngoƴa Obasanjo. Caggal nde Angolaa heɓti jeytaare mum e juuɗe Portigaal, wolde ɓesngu addi e leydi hee. Naajeeriya anndi laabi laamu ngu MPLA, fedde marxist en nde Dental Sowiyet walli, sabu laamu luulndiingu FNLA e UNITA ina mballita e laamu ɓaleeɓe tokosɓe to Afrik worgo. Ko jiidaa e rokkude MPLA ballal kaalis, Niiseer fuɗɗiima ƴattaade leyɗeele Afrik goɗɗe ngam kadi jaɓde njuɓɓudi MPLA, e fuɗɗoode hitaande 1976 ko ɓuri heewde e dowlaaji e nder Fedde Ngootaagu Afrik (OAU) mbaɗii ɗum. E lewru feebariyee 1976, Obasanjo ardii delegaasiyoŋ Najeriya ngam mawninde hitaande MPLA to Luanda, ɗo o wiyi : « ko ñalngu maantiniingu, ko ɗum fuɗɗoode hare sakkitiinde ngam haɓaade koloñaal, imperiyaalisma e njiyaagu e nder Afrik ». Warngo Murtala : 13 feebariyee 1976 E lewru feebariyee 1976, kolonel Buka Suka Dimka waɗi kuudetaa e laamu Nijeer, tawi ko ndeen Seneraal Murtala Muhammed waraa. Eɓɓoore kadi waɗaama e nguurndam Obasanjo, kono neɗɗo mo fotaani waraa. Dimka ŋakkiraa ballal mawngal e nder militeer en, kuudetaa makko ronki, ɗum addani mo dogde. Obasanjo tawtoraaki wirwirnde Murtala to Kano, kono o hollitii laamu nguu ina jogori yoɓde mahngo juulirde e nokku ɗo o wirnaa ɗoo. Caggal nde o waraa, Obasanjo tawtoraama batu Diiso Toowngo Konu. O hollitii yiɗde makko woppude laamu, kono Diiso ngoo heɓiino ɗaɓɓude yo o lomto Murtala e gardagol leydi ndii. Ko ɗum waɗi o wonti hooreejo diiso ngoo.E nder kulhuli makko e ɓeydagol eɓɓooji e nguurndam makko, Obasanjo naati e nder kasoo Dodan, tawi 39 neɗɗo tuumaaɗo wonde e nder kuudetaa Dimka mbaraa, ɗum jibini tuumeede wonde jaabawol Obasanjo ngol ina heewi. Ko Obasanjo woni hooreejo leydi ndi, o huniima jokkude dawrugol Murtala. Hooreejo leydi konu (1976-1979) Triumvirat konu E anndude kulhuli gonɗi e woɗɗude yimɓe woyla Naajeeriya, Obasanjo addi Seneraal Shehu Yar'Adua ngam lomtaade mo e ɗiɗaɓo e gardagol hooreejo konu, gardiiɗo jaagorɗe toowɗo timminoowo triumvirate militeer en, Obasanjo woni hooreejo leydi e Seneraal Theophilus Stajumabli ngam laamaade dow tato we- laamu konu. Obasanjo hirjinii jeewte e nanondiral hakkunde Diiso Toowngo Konu. Heewɓe ina kaawaa hol ko waɗi Obasanjo – hono Yoruba e Kerecee – toɗɗaade Yar’Adua, tergal e aristokraasi worgo, yo won gardiiɗo ɗiɗaɓo mum, wonaa banndiiko Yoruba Kerecee. Obasanjo teeŋtinii kulhuli ngenndiiji e dow ɗi diiwanuuji ɗii ; o hirjini sukaaɓe e mawɓe fof nde njanngata fodoore ngenndiire hesere ndee e jimɗi ngenndiiji ɗii. Nafoore heɓde miijooji ɓurɗi yaajde, ñalnde aset kala omo waɗa seminar mo alaa ko woni e mum so wonaa toɓɓere nde yimɓe ɓe ngonaa politikaaji e gollotooɓe laamu noddata. Ina jeyaa e ɓe o ɗaɓɓirta wasiyaaji mum en, annduɓe lislaam e mawɓe aadaaji. Politik faggudu Obasanjo wondude e hooreejo leydi Amerik biyeteeɗo Jimmy Carter to galle laamorɗo Amerik e hitaande 1977 E cakkital kitaale 1970, leydi Naajeeriya ina joginoo faggudu ɓurndu heewde doole, tawi noon ko 34% e inflation. Ngam haɓugo bee caɗeele faggudu lesdi Naajeeriya, Obasanjo tokki dabareeji cemmbiɗinki ceede ngam ustugo ceede laamu. E nder bidsee makko 1976, Obasanjo eɓɓi ustude njoɓdi laamu nguu fotde feccere, ustude eɓɓaaɗe tedduɗe, tawa ina ɓeyda njoɓdi jaŋde, cellal, galleeji, e ndema. O sosi kadi goomu ngam haɓaade inflation, e nder hitaande wootere caggal nde Obasanjo heɓi laamu, inflation ustii haa 30%. Obasanjo ina heewi yiɗde ñamlude kaalis, kono e ballal Banke Adunayankeewo e Fonds Monétaire International, Nijeer ƴetti ñamlude miliyaaruuji 1 dolaar e fedde bankeeji. Ɓeen ñiŋooɓe leftist en mbiyi wonde waɗde ɗum ina addana leydi ndii ɗooftaade kapitaalisma. E nder duuɓi ɗiɗi garooji ɗii, laamu Obasanjo, Nijeer ƴettii 4 983 miliyoŋ dolaar goɗɗo. Naajeeriya ina wondi e ɓeydagol fotde 3% hitaande kala e nder kitaale 1970, huunde nde fotnoo ɓeydaade fotde laabi ɗiɗi e nder duuɓi 25 seeɗa. Obasanjo teskiima caggal ɗuum wonde o anndaa ɗum e oon sahaa, sibu laamu makko alaa politik e ƴellitde yimɓe. Ɓeydagol yimɓe leydi Naajeeriya addani ɓe ɓeydaade yaawde e nder gure mawɗe e ŋakkeende cuuɗi e nder gure. Ngam haɓaade ɗum, bidsee Obasanjo e hitaande 1976 hollitii peeje mahngo 200 000 galle keso haa hitaande 1980, hay so tawii noon ko 28 500 tan mahaa.E hitaande 1976, laamu Obasanjo kadi hollitii wonde ina jogori ƴellitde renndo e cogguuli. Ngam haɓaade jiiɓru seppooji gollotooɓe, e hitaande 1976 laamu Obasanjo yaltinii sariyaaji cifotooɗi ko ɓuri heewde e gollorɗe mawɗe ko sarwisaaji baɗɗi faayiida, haɗi seppooji e nder mum en, yamiri nanngugol ardiiɓe senndikaaji jiiɓru. E hitaande 1978 nde hawriti senndikaaji 42 e nder fedde wootere nde gollotooɓe e leydi Nijeer. Obasanjo jokki bee taskaramji tati mawɗi ngam ndiyam haa woyla lesdi Naajeeriya ɗi arannde anndinaama les Murtala: taskaramji maayo Kano, taskaramji Bakalori, e taskaramji ndiyam Chad Sud. Laamu makko kadi jokki eɓɓooji ƴellitaare ndema puɗɗanooɗi to Funtua, Gusau, e Gombe. Won eɓɓaaɗe ƴellitgol laddeeji kadi puɗɗaama ngam haɗde njiimaandi Saharaa to bannge worgo. Ngam heɓde ko ɓuri heewde e ɗaɓɓaande leydi ndii e kuuraa, Obasanjo ardiima udditgol eɓɓaaɗe ɗiɗi kese ngam ƴellitde kuuraa e nder ndiyam e ƴulɓe. Industry petrol heddii ko huunde mawnde e faggudu leydi Naajeeriya e les laamu Obasanjo, ministeer petrol hawtii e fedde petroŋ leydi Naajeeriya ngam sosde fedde petroŋ leydi Naajeeriya (NNPC). Obasanjo kadi wallitii sosde lowre liggorde to Bonny, nde NNPC yoɓi 62% ; eɓɓaande ndee ko lomto makko woppi ɗum e nder ɓeydagol coodguuli. Obasanjo jokki kadi e peewnugol njuɓɓudi njamndi mboɗeeri Ajaokuta, eɓɓaande ndonaandi nde heewɓe e ñiŋooɓe e nder sarwisaaji laamu mbiyata ko nde waawataa huutoreede. E nder cakkital kitaale 1970, Naajeeriya kadi ina wondi e ustaare ndema, ko ɗum huunde nde laamuuji jokkondirɗi ɗii njiyti ko ɓuri hoybude e naatde e nguura e nder leydi ndii. E lewru mee 1976, Obasanjo fuɗɗii « Operation Feed the Nation » (Operation Feed the Nation), woni eɓɓaande ngam wuurtinde ndema tokoosa, tawi ina jeyaa heen yoɓeede almudɓe ngam remde e nder balɗe juulde. Eɓɓaande ndee ina waɗi kadi momtugol njoɓɗeele e nguura jawdi e kaɓirɗe ndema, e ballal kuutoragol tovo ngo, e ustude njoɓɗeele ndema. E lewru marse 1978, Obasanjo yaltini kuulal kuutoragol leydi ndi rokki laamu nguu hakkeeji jeyi leydi e dow leydi ndii kala. Ɗum waɗiraa ko ngam haɗde njulaagu leydi e njulaagu leydi, kadi addani ɗum yetteede e bannge nano leydi Najeriya hay so tawii noon ko galleeji keewɗi jogiiɗi leydi njiɗaa ɗum. Obasanjo yiyri ɗum ko e geɗe teeŋtuɗe laamu mum. Obasanjo wallitorii reentaade Gowon ngam waɗde heen jawdi mum caggal leydi, o jokki e ɗeen politikaaji. Politik faggudu ngenndiyankaagal e nder sekteeruuji teeŋtuɗi ina usta njulaagu keeriiɗo, ɗum addani ɗum ustude njulaagu, hay so tawii noon daraniiɓe ɗum ɓee ina njetta Obasanjo ngam dartinde diisnondiral kaalis so renndinaama e ardiiɓe mum. Politikuuji nder leydi O (Obasanjo) jokki e ƴamol jaŋde leslesre winndereyankoore e nder leydi Najeriya, politik ronkaama e Gowon. O naatini sariya jaŋde leslesre e hitaande 1976 ; hakkunde 1975–76 e 1979–80, binnditagol e duɗe leslese ɗe njoɓaaka kono ɗe njiɗaa, ɓeydiima gila e miliyoŋaaji 6 haa 12,5 miliyoŋ, hay so tawii noon jannginooɓe e kaɓirɗe ina ŋakki ngam waawde huutoraade ɗaɓɓaande ndee. E hitaande jaŋde 1977–78, Obasanjo naatni jaŋde hakkundeere nde alaa ko yoɓetee e fannuuji karallaagal, huunde nde yaajnaa e denndaangal jaŋde hakkundeere e hitaande 1979–80. E oon sahaa gooto, leydi Naajeeriya ustii kaalis jaŋde toownde ; e hitaande 1978 nde woppi rokkude ñamaale almudɓe, nde ɓeydi fotde laabi tati njoɓdi nguura e hoɗorde duɗe jaaɓi haaɗtirde. Seppooji janngooɓe mbaɗi e nder gure keewɗe, waɗii warngooji baɗnooɗi e nder wuro Lagos e Zaria. E nder jaabawol fitinaaji ɗii, Obasanjo udditi duɗe jaaɓi-haaɗtirde keewɗe, haɗi golle politik e nder duɗe jaaɓi-haaɗtirde, haɗi kadi fedde janngooɓe leydi Najeriya. Tiiɗnaare ɗeen peeje ina gasa tawa ko sabu tuumeede wonde fitinaaji almudɓe ɗii ina njokkondiri e kuudetaa militeer peewnaaɗo e lewru feebariyee 1978. Obasanjo ina mettini e jikkuuji almudɓe seppooɓe ɓee, o wiyi wonde ɗum ina hollita ruttaade e nafooje aadaaji ko wayi no hormaade almudɓe. Ngam batte ɓamtaare laamu Naajeeriya, leydi ndi yi’i ɓamtaare mawnde nder kuuɗe laamu. Seedeeji peeñii ko feewti e fenaande mawnde e nder laamu leydi ndii, tee, so tawii tuume ɗee ina keewi waɗeede e Obasanjo e hoore mum, alaa seedeeji tiiɗɗi peeñi. Ngam haɗde natal njulaagu e nder laamu, laamu Obasanjo haɗii huutoraade otooji Mercedes ngam waɗde otooji laamu, e lomtaade ɗum en, ɓe mbaɗti heen otooji Peugeot 504 ɓurɗi hoybude Naatgol champagne kadi haɗaama. E ƴaañde taƴgol konu, laamu Obasanjo yiyri 12 000 soldaat ina ndartinaa e nder duuɓi 1976 e 1977. Ɗee konu njalti ko e nokkuuji kesi ngam wallitde ɗum en e jokkondirde e nguurndam siwil en. Obasanjo kadi ina tuuma wonde ko kañum woni sabaabu ƴaañgol politik. E nder yeewtere wootere maantiniinde, koɗorɗe jimoowo e daraniiɗo politik Najeriya biyeteeɗo Fela Kuti, Republique Kalakuta, yani, yani haa laaɓi, caggal nde tergal e fedde makko hawri e yimɓe konu. Fela e ɓesngu mum piyi, njuppaa, yumma mum mawɗo, daraniiɗo politik e yumma mum sosɗo Chief Funmilayo Ransome Kuti, werlaa e windo. Ɗum addani mo gaañiiɓe no feewi, haa arti noon e maayde makko. Fela caggal ɗuum nawti kees to galle hooreejo leydi ndii e oon sahaa to Dodan Barracks to Lagos ngam salaade ƴaañde laamu nguu e politik. Politik caggal leydi Hooreejo leydi Amerik biyeteeɗo Jimmy Carter ina wondi e Obasanjo e njillu mum to leydi Najeriya e hitaande 1978 Obasanjo ina yiɗi tabitinde leydi Najeriya no ardorde mawnde e nder Afrik nii, e nder laamu makko, doole mum e nder duunde nde ɓeydiima. O ummini dabare Gowon ngam waɗugo julde ɗiɗaɓre nder duuniyaaru ngam naalankaaku e pinal ɓaleeɓe e afriknaajo haa lesdi Naajeeriya; ɗum waɗi ko to Lagos e lewru feebariyee 1977, hay so tawii noon ñaawooɓe nder leydi ndii mbiyi ko ɗum huunde nde alaa ko nafata. Obasanjo hokkii ɗuuɗal teddungal dow Dental Faggudu lesɗe Afrik Hirnaange (ECOWAS) nden o mettini ɗuuɗɓe nder terɗe maako ɗemngal Farayse ɓaawo o wi'i, bana no Naajeeriya ɓuri wallugo ceede ngam hukuuma kan, Naajeeriya foti jaɓɓaago hukuumaaji pamari ɗin haa Lagos. Jokkondiral e Ganaa ɓadiiɗo kadi ustii ; e hitaande 1979, leydi Nijeer taƴii petroŋ e nder leydi ndii ngam salaade warngooji luulndiiɓe politik ɗi laamu kesu ngu Jerry Rawlings wari. E laamu Obasanjo, Naajeeriya ustii jokkondiral mum juutngal e leydi Angalteer, ɓeydi jokkondirde e leyɗeele dentuɗe Amerik. Obasanjo ina yiɗi laamu hooreejo leydi Amerik biyeteeɗo Jimmy Carter, cuɓaaɗo e hitaande 1976, sabu Carter ina joginoo darnde tiiɗnde ngam tabitinde laamu ɓurngu heewde e Afrik worgo. Ambasadeer Carter to leydi Nijeer, hono Andrew Young, waɗii sehilaagal tiiɗngal e Obasanjo, Carter yilliima leydi Nijeer e hitaande 1978. Kono tan, kuulal ngam waylude alkule ɗee waɗiraa ko ngam dalillaaji laaɓtuɗi, wonaa miijooji ; yiytude petroŋ e nder maayo worgo firti ko Angalteer wontii ƴaañoowo wonaa soodoowo petroŋ Nijeer.Laamu Obasanjo kadi ina mettini heen no feewi nde Angalteer salii yoɓde Gowon, ina sikka wonde laamu Angalteer ina waawi wonde e kuudetaa mo Murtala waɗi. Ngam ɗeeɗoo hujjaaji, e hitaande 1976 nde miijii dartinde jokkondiral dipolomaasi e Angalteer, kono haa jooni nde dartinaani. Obasanjo noon saliima yahde Angalteer, o semmbini ardiiɓe makko waɗde ɗum. Jokkondiral ngal ɓeydii bonde nde Margaret Thatcher wonti gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi Angalteer e hitaande 1979, o fuɗɗii waɗde feere ɓurnde welde e njuɓɓudi laamu ɓaleeɓe tokosɓe to Rodesi e Afrik worgo. E nder jaabawol ngol, Naajeeriya nanngi laanawol ndiyam lesdi Naajeeriya, ngol ɓe tammi ɗon nastina petrol Naajeeriya haa lesdi Naajeeriya, ɓe haɗi hukuumaaji pamari Biritaniya ngam heɓugo kuuɗe Naajeeriya, ɓe nastini kuuɗe BP haa lesdi Naajeeriya. Obasanjo ina yiɗi kadi yaawnaade joofnude laamu ɓaleeɓe tokosɓe e nder Afrik worgo ; e wiyde Iliffe, ɗum wonti « cakkital politik makko caggal leydi ». Naajeeriya hokki ballal ngam haɓugo bee laamu daneeji nder diiwal ngal, hokki hukuumaaji pamari ɗi'i uddita birooji haa Lagos, nden hokki hukuumaaji pamari ɗin ɗon hokka mooɓgal feere-feere dogguɓe laamuuji lesdi Afrika fombinaari. E ƴettude peeje tiiɗɗe ngam haɓaade laamu apartaayd to Afrik worgo, Obasanjo hollitii wonde Nijeer naatataa e Olimpiyaaji 1976 sabu leydi Nuwel Selannde, tawtoraaɗo kawgel ngel, ina joginoo jokkondiral e Afrik worgo, leydi ndi haɗaa tawtoreede kawgel ngel sabu apartaayd. E hitaande 1977, Obasanjo haɗi kala kontraaji jokkondirɗi e Afrik worgo golloraade e nder leydi Nijeer ; sosiyateeji mawɗi ɗi njippii ɗii ko petroŋ Angalteer e Banke Barclays. E ndeen hitaande kadi, leydi Nijeer yuɓɓinii batu Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe ngam haɓaade apartaayd to Lagos, Obasanjo yilliima Amerik e lewru oktoobar ɗo o wiyi leydi ndii yo woppu yeeyde kaɓirɗe to Afrik worgo. Nde o woni nder leydi ndi'i o wolwi haa kawtal hoore lesdi ndi'i nden asaweeje ɗiɗi ɓaawo man Naajeeriya heɓi jooɗorde nder kawtal lesdi ndi'i. Fiilde Margaret Thatcher e hitaande 1979 ngam wonde gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi Angalteer, addani jokkondiral Angalteer e Niiseer bonnude ; Obasanjo miijii ko o yurmeende no feewi e laamuuji daneeji tokoosi e nder Afrik worgo Luulndaade laamu ɓaleeɓe tokosɓe e nder leydi Rodesi, addaniino hare Bush e nder leydi Rodesi, laamu Obasanjo ina jokki e wiyde wonde ko hare balɗe tan woni feere ngam foolde laamu Rodesi. O hirjinii ngootaagu hakkunde pelle ceertuɗe luulndiiɗe laamu toon, o wiyi Robert Mugabe, hooreejo ZANU, yo jaɓ ardaade luulndiiɗo makko, hono Joshua Nkomo mo ZAPU. E hitaande 1977, Angalteer e Amerik ciifi eɓɓaaɗe ngam waylude laamu ɓurngu heewde e Rodesi, e nder yonta mo leydi ndii woni e les njiimaandi doole Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe. Obasanjo jaɓii eɓɓaande ndee, o yilliima Tansani, Sammbi, Mosammbik, e Republiik Demokaratik Konngo ngam wiyde laamuuji mum en yo mbaɗ noon. Kono caggal nde Thatcher wonti gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi Angalteer, leydi Nijeer woɗɗitii hoore mum e darnde Angalteer ngam haɗde wolde Bush Rhodesian, o woppitaa kala darnde teeŋtunde e nder golle ɗe Angalteer waɗi, ɗe ngaddani wooteeji demokaraasi ɗi leƴƴi keewɗi mbaɗi e hitaande... Ko o hooreejo leydi, Obasanjo tawtoraama batuuji OAU. E oon sahaa yuɓɓinaa e lewru sulyee 1977, o eɓɓi sosde goomu jooɗiiɗo ngam haɓaade luural hakkunde leyɗeele jeyaaɗe e OAU. E batu 1978, o jeertinii wonde banngeeji ɗiɗi ɗii fof ina poti naatde e wolde huuɓtodinnde. E nder batu garoowo oo, o wiyi yo konu Pan-Afriknaajo sose, baawɗo waɗde golle ngam hisnude jam e nder duunde he. Ngam ɓamtuki darnde lesdi Naajeeriya nder duuniyaaru, Obasanjo nasti nder kuuɗe feere-feere ɗe lesdi Naajeeriya nder Afrika fuu. E hitaande 1977, o heɓtinii Benin e Togo yoo ndartin luural hakkunde keeri mum en, nguddita keeri mum en. O etinooma kadi haɓaade luural hakkunde leyɗeele keewɗe Fuɗnaange Afrik, o haɗa ɗum kadi ruttaade e Dental Fuɗnaange Afrik, kono o dañii heen caɗeele. Ko o hooreejo goomu jokkondire OAU, o etinooma jokkondire Ogaden hakkunde Ecoppi e Somali kono kadi o dañaani. O waawaano kadi feewnude luural peeñngal hakkunde Angalteer e leydi Konngo. E innde OAU, Obasanjo waɗii batu to Kano ngam haɓaade hare hakkunde leyɗeele Caad. Feddeeji keewɗi njaɓii darnude wolde, sosde laamu ngootaagu ngenndi, e accude konu leydi Najeriya ina waɗa jam. Hare nden noon jokki, Naajeeriya jaabtii e taƴde petroŋ mum to Caad. Koolol ɗiɗmol ko faati e hare ndee waɗii to Lagos e lewru ut 1979, ɗum addani laamu nguu sosde laamu nguu, ngu juutaani. E hitaande sakkitiinde e laamu makko konu, o ardii golle OAU ngam safrude wolde Saharaa hirnaange. Jaltugol laamu Laamu militeer en hawri ko e goomu ƴettugol doosɗe leydi ngam ƴettude doosgal kesal potngal huutoreede e nder mbayliigu laamu siwil. Goomu nguu hollitii wonde Naajeeriya ina foti waylude laamu mum, ngu tuugii ko e laamu parlemaa leydi Angalteer, ngu tuugnii e laamu hooreejo leydi Amerik, ɗo hooreejo leydi gooto cuɓaaɗo woni hooreejo leydi e hooreejo laamu. Ngam haɗude oo hooreejo leydi wontude diktatoor, hono no waɗirnoo e nokkuuji goɗɗi e nder Afrik nii, o ɗaɓɓi ƴeewndorɗe keewɗe e doole maɓɓe, haa arti noon e njuɓɓudi fedde nde, ɗo juɓɓule cuɓaaɗe keertiiɗe ngoni ɗoo e to bannge fedde, to bannge dowri, to bannge nokkuuji. Eɓɓaande doosgal leydi ndii yaltinaa ko e lewru oktoobar 1976, nde yeewtidaa e yeeso yimɓe fof e hitaande aroore ndee.Asamblee doosgal leydi hawri ngam yeewtidde e eɓɓaande doosgal leydi ndii e lewru oktoobar 1977. Asaambele leydi ndii ina jokki e ƴeewde hol darnde nde sariya sharia rokkata e nder doosgal leydi ndii. Obasanjo noddii dental ngal, o jeertini ɓe batte kuulal ngal ɓe mbaɗi e renndo, o wiyi ɓe yo ɓe ƴettu jikkuuji ɓurɗi moƴƴude. E lewru suwee 1978, Diiso toowngo konu (Conseil suprême militaire) habri doosɗe leydi kese ɗee ; nde waɗiino waylooji keewɗi e mbaydi ndi asaambele doosgal leydi ndii ƴetti. Yanti e doosgal kesal ngal, Obasanjo itti haɗde lanndaaji politik. Ndeen pelle keewɗe mbaɗii ngam tawtoreede wooteeji garooji ɗii, ko ɓuri teeŋtude heen ko lannda ngootaagu Yoruba, lannda yimɓe Naajeeriya, e lannda ngenndiijo Naajeeriya. Obasanjo mettini heen no feewi nde tawnoo heewɓe e dawriyankooɓe ina mbaɗa fodoore nde ɓe mbaawataa ɗooftaade. Woote ɗee mbaɗi ko e nder lewru sulyee e lewru ut 1979. Wootooɓe ɓee ina pamɗi, ko hakkunde 30 e 40% e wootooɓe winnditiiɓe e sariya, tee ina waɗi fenaande banngeeji keewɗi, hay so tawii noon ko jam. Wonno ko jeewte ko fayti e hol keɓɗo woote hooreleydaagu, Obasanjo salii ñaawde, o wiyi yo Komisariyaa woote ƴetta oon darnde.Ɓe kollitii wonde Shehu Shagari woni keɓɗo, huunde nde gardiiɗo ɗiɗaɓo oo, hono Obafemi Awolowo, luulndii to Ñaawirde Toownde, tawi o dañaani heen nafoore. Shagari ƴetti laamu ko e lewru oktoobar 1979 ; e nder kewu udditgol makko, Obasanjo rokki Shagari koppi doosgal leydi kesal. Ko ɗum woni fuɗɗoode Republique ɗiɗaɓere leydi Najeriya. Darnde Obasanjo nder wartirki lesdi Naajeeriya haa laamu siwil, ɗum laatoto darnde woore nde o jogi nder duuɓi cappanɗe ɗiɗi garooji. Kono yimɓe heewɓe e nder leydi ndii e caggal leydi, ina jeyaa heen hooreejo leydi Zambie, hono Kenneth Kaunda e hooreejo leydi Togo, hono Gnassingbé Eyadéma, ina ɗaɓɓi e makko yo o heddo e laamu. Jaɓde makko wallitde Awolowo, banndiiko Yoruba, addani mo gaño ko heewi e elite Yoruba. Awolowo tuumi Obasanjo ko kanko woni orkestraaji Shagari, huunde nde Obasanjo yeddi no feewi. Ko adii laamu (1979-1999) Ko adii nde o yaltata laamu, e lewru abriil 1979, Obasanjo ƴetti hoore mum e darnde seneraal ; ko o seneraal koode nay o jokki e heɓde njoɓdi dowla. Nde o woppi golle e lewru oktoobar, o arti Abeokuta. Caggal nde o waɗi kursus jonte jeegom to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde heblo ndema, Obasanjo ƴetti hoore mum e ndema, omo ɗaminii waɗde yeru e hirjinde ƴellitaare ndema. O heɓi ko famɗi fof 230 ektaar leydi to Ota ngam sosde ngesa makko, o naati ɗoon e galle ngesa birik. Wonno ko gaññeeje nokkuyankooje e dañde leydi ndi haa heewi, ñaawirɗe keewɗe ngaddaama e makko sabu ɗuum. Golle makko ndema yuɓɓinaama e fedde makko wiyeteende Temperance, caggal ɗuum o inniri ɗum « Obasanjo’s Farms Limited ». O waɗti heen hakkille teeŋtuɗo e ndema colli ; e cakkital kitaale 1980, ngesa makko ina ɓuuɓna 140 000 cukalel e yontere. O sosi kadi gese e nder gure goɗɗe to bannge worgo-fuɗnaange, e hitaande 1987 gese makko ina njogii ko ina tolnoo e 400 gollotooɗo e nokkuuji jeetati. Hono no yimɓe Yoruba woɗɓe lolluɓe nii, Obasanjo ina wallitnoo almudɓe miskineeɓe to duɗal makko ɓooyngal to Abeokuta. Obasanjo ɓeydii ñiŋde laamu siwil Shagari, o wiyi hooreejo leydi ndii ina famɗi semmbe, ina ŋakkiraa peeje. Naajeeriya nasti nder ɓillaaji faggudu ngam waylaaki coggu petrol nder duuniyaaru. E lewru mee 1983, mawɓe konu ɗaɓɓiri Obasanjo nde ƴettata laamu leydi ndii kadi, kono o salii. E lewru desaambar, ɓe liɓi Shagari tawi Obasanjo alaa heen, e nder kuudetaa mo yiyaani fitinaaji seeɗa. Muhammadu Buhari laati hooreejo lesdi sooje'en keso. Obasanjo fuɗɗii wallugo laamu Buhari, o wi'i demokaraasi wakiili'en ɗon ƴaɓɓitoo haa lesdi Naajeeriya. O yetti Buhari ngam haɓugo bee cemmbiɗinki lesdi, o ɗon mari feccere nder nastirde lesdi, nden o ɗon wartira budget booɗɗum. E lewru ut 1985, Buhari kadi liɓaama, hooreejo konu Ibraahiima Babangida ƴetti laamu. Obasanjo ina ñiŋa won e peeje faggudu ɗe Babangida waɗi, haa arti noon e ustude njoɓdi naira. E hitaande 1992, luulndaare makko e laamu Babangida addani mo noddude yo leydi Najeriya artire demokaraasi. O fuɗɗii kadi salaade politikaaji faggudu (indigenisation) e kitaale 1970, o wiyi doosɗe leydi ina poti haɗde ƴettugol jawdi caggal leydi. E nder ɗuum, o sikki laamu nguu ina foti teeŋtinde ƴellitaare nde laamu nguu ardii. O ɓeydii hulɓinaade ko ɓeydagol yimɓe, toɓɓere nde o yejjitaani nde o woni e laamu, o wiyi Naajeeriyankooɓe yo njogo ɓesnguuji tokoosi "ngam nafoore faggudu maɓɓe e renndo-faggudu ngenndi". E nder duuɓi sappo e go’o caggal nde Obasanjo woppi laamu, o yaltinii defte nay. E hitaande 1980, Obasanjo wonnoo ko tedduɗo to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Ibadan, ɗo o winndi deftere wiyeteende My Command, daartol ko faati e geɗe makko e nder wolde hakkunde leyɗeele ; nde yalti ko e lewru noowammbar ndeen hitaande. Won e janngooɓe ñiŋii ko ɓe njiyri ko Obasanjo ina ŋakkira Murtala Muhammed, Robert Adeyinka Adebayo, mawɗo politik Yoruba, wiyi yo deftere ndee yaltine ngam haɗde nde aawde feccere. Ƴeewirde ɓurnde moƴƴude ndee waɗi ko sehil makko, hono Ken Saro-Wiwa, o innitiri ɗum masterly kono o sikki ko ɗum waɗi ballal rewindaade no feewi. E hitaande 1987, o yaltini Nzeogwu, deftere ciimtol sehil makko Chukwuma Nzeogwu, mo o gollodtonoo to Konngo. Hitaande 1989, deftere Obasanjo yaltini, wiyeteende Doosgal leydi ngam naatgol e ƴellitaare, nde o jeertini e hujjaaji Babangida ngam sosde laamu lanndaaji ɗiɗi e nder leydi Najeriya. E hitaande 1990, deftere makko tataɓere, wiyeteende Not my volonté yalti. Nde rokki ciimtol sahaa nde o laaminoo leydi ndii. Golle hakkunde leyɗeele: 1979-1993 E hitaande 1986 Obasanjo jokkondiri e Nelson Manndelaa. O hollitii wonde "ko kawral ngal meeɗaa yejjiteede. Mi yiyii e [Mandelaa] Afriknaajo worgo, ko Afriknaajo tigi rigi, kadi ko gardiiɗo winndere mo alaa ko woni e mum. O ɓuri ardiiɓe ɓe min kawri e mum en e nder Afrik worgo ɓee fof." E yiɗde jogaade semmbe e dingiral winnderewal, Obasanjo udditi Fedde Ardorde Afrik e nder ngesa mum Ota. Tuggi 1981 haa 1982, o jooɗiima kadi e Komiseer Palme, fedde nde gonnooɗo gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi Suwed, hono Olof Palme ardii, yeewtidnde ko fayti e ustude kaɓirɗe e kisal winndere. Obasanjo rewi heen ko e jeyeede e goomuuji nannduɗi e ɗii ɗoo, wonande Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe, Fedde Adunaare Cellal, e Goomu hakkunde-leyɗeewu ardiiɓe laamuuji ɓooyɗi. Nde Javier Pérez de Cuéllar, hooreejo Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe rafi, Obasanjo hiisetee ko potɗo lomtaade mo. Caggal nde Pérez de Cuéllar holliti woppii laamu, Obasanjo fuɗɗii kampaañ ngam lomtaade mo. E woote Goomu Kisal Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe, o woni tataɓo, tawi ko Boutros Boutros-Ghali, Ejiptnaajo, ƴetti darnde ndee. O yalti galle makko e njilluuji keewɗi; e hitaande 1986 o yilliima Japon, e hitaande 1987 o yilliima U.S. E nder luural hakkunde leyɗeele dentuɗe Amerik ngam yiɗde ɓurde yooɗde e Afrik worgo, nanondiraama wonde fedde wiyeteende Eminent Persons Group (EPG) ina sosee ngam fuɗɗoraade kaaldigal e laamu Afrik worgo ngam wallitde ɗum e ustude apartaayd. E dow wasiyaaji cukko hooreejo leydi Naajeeriya, hono Emeka Anyaoku, Obasanjo suɓaama ngam ardaade fedde nde e wonndude e gonnooɗo gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi Ostarali, hono Malcolm Fraser. Obasanjo jaɓi e dow fenaande. E lewru feebariyee 1986, kanko e Fraser ɓe njahi to wuro wiyeteengo Cape Town ɗo ɓe naamndii ngam hawritde e Nelson Manndelaa, daraniiɗo apartaayd, tergal mawngal e nder fedde wiyeteende Congres National Africaine (ANC) haɗaande. Ko Obasanjo tan yamiraa jokkondirde e Manndelaa ; o wiyi caggal ɗuum wonde omo weltii e makko no feewi. Ndeen Obasanjo hawrii e mawɓe ANC wonɓe e egguɓe to Lusaka. E lewru marse 1986, EPG oo fof yilliima Afrik worgo, e nder yonta mo jiiɓru e fitinaaji nder galleeji ɓeydii mawnude.Ko ɗoon ɓe kawri e mawɓe laamu nguu, ina jeyaa heen gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi ndii hono P. W. Botha, mo Obasanjo siftini caggal ɗuum wonde ko neɗɗo ɓurɗo muñde mo meeɗaa hawrude. Ciimtol EPG ngol hollitii wonde, so tawii ko ɓuri heewde e yimɓe Afrik worgo ina njiɗi nanondiral ngal alaa ko bonnata hakkunde laamu nguu e pelle luulndiiɗe apartaayd, gadano oo yiɗaa miijaade ɗum, tee alaa ko yahri yeeso no feewi ngam joofnude apartaayd. EPG noon hollitii wonde ina haani ɓeydaade tiiɗnaade e nder winndere ndee. Goomu Commonwealth jaɓii ko ciimtol ngol holliti, tawi Angalteer ina luulndii ɗum ; ɗum addani Obasanjo ɓeydaade mettinde Thatcher. Ndeen Commonwealth yamirii mo yo o ardo goomu ngam yuurnitaade ko Dowlaaji Dentuɗi ɗii poti daranaade koye mum en e njiimaandi Afrik worgo. Caggal nde Botha lomtinaa F. W. de Klerk, ooɗoo ɗiɗaɓo yaltini Manndelaa kasoo. Ina jeyaa e ɗanle Mandelaa gadane caggal leydi, to Niiseer, ɗo o yilli Obasanjo to galle mum. Lebbi ɗiɗi caggal ɗuum, Obasanjo ardii delegaasiyoŋ Najeriya to Afrik worgo ngam yeewtidde e yimɓe mawɓe politik. E lewru suwee 1991, o yilliima kadi, o wiyi hooreejo Zulu en, hono Mangosuthu Buthelezi, yo waɗ kaaldigal e pelle goɗɗe ngam wallitde dartinde apartaayd e waɗde woote timmuɗe. Obasanjo kadi golliima e ƴellitaare nokkuuji goɗɗi e nder Afrik. O yilliima Angalteer laabi ɗiɗi e nder hitaande 1988, o wallitii e darnde ngam joofnude wolde hakkunde leyɗeele toon. O yilliima kadi Sudaan laabi tati hakkunde 1987 e 1989, tawi o dañaani heen nafoore, o hirjinii kaaldigal ngam joofnude wolde ɗiɗmere Sudaan. Ndeen o wonii ƴeewoowo e wooteeji gardagol leydi Mosammbik e hitaande 1994. E hitaande 1994 e 1995, o yilliima Burundi, o golliima ngam deeƴnude caɗeele hakkunde leƴƴi Hutu en e Tutsi en. O fuɗɗinooma noddude jokkondiral ɓurngal ɓadaade e nder Afrik, o wiyi ɗum ina waawi heɓtineede e sosde feddeeji jeegom diiwaanuuji. E lewru suwee 1987, o ƴettiino peeje ngam yuɓɓinde Fedde Ardorde Afrik, nde wallitta rokkude karallaagal e heblo wonande politikaaji ummoriiɗi e duunde he kala. Nde fuɗɗii waɗde batuuji, anndiraaɗi « Dialogues de la maison de la ferme » , gila e galle Obasanjo fotde laabi jeegom e nder hitaande. Kadi nde waɗii batuuji winndereeji kala lewru, nde yaltinii jaaynde kala lewru, wiyeteende “Forum Afrique” hakkunde 1991 e 1993. Haɓde e Abacha: 1992-1995 Obasanjo hollitii kulhuli mum, sibu, hay so tawii o wiyi ina wallita gartugol demokaraasi, Babangida alaa ko anniyaaki so wonaa woppude laamu konu. Caggal nde wooteeji gardagol leydi ndi ndarnaa e hitaande 1992, Obasanjo e Anthony Enahoro ndarni fedde ngam demokaraasi e laamu moƴƴu e nder leydi Najeriya. Joɗnde adannde fedde ndee hawri ko e 31 neɗɗo politik nder leydi to Ota e lewru mee 1993. Wooteeji mbaɗi caggal ɗuum e lewru suwee 1993, tawi yimɓe seeɗa tawtoraama. Moshood Abiola mo lannda Social Democratic (SDP) heɓi, kono Babangida ndeen woppii njeñtudi woote ɗee, fodaniino woote ɗiɗmere ko ɓooyaani. SDP salii kala woote ɗiɗmere nde tawnoo ɓe mbiyi ko kanndidaa maɓɓe heɓiino woote gadane ɗee. Ndeen Babangida jaɓii woppude laamu ngam suɓaade laamu siwil jooɗiiɗo, ngu Ernest Shonekan ardii, ngu heɓi laamu e lewru ut 1993, ngu ƴetti peeje ngam waɗde wooteeji kesi e lewru feebariyee 1994. Seneraal Sani Abacha siftinii gooto e gorko gooto, mo wondude e do-gooders woɗɓe, eɓɓi ñaamde wumre ndee. Heddiiɓe ɓee mbayliima tan, oo Samariyanke nannduɗo e moƴƴo [...] arti ngam ƴettude pot suukara e juuɗe wumre ndee ngam hoore mum. Kadi, ko ɓuri heewde e men Nijeernaaɓe, ko en ƴeewooɓe, en mbeltiima. E nder kala sababuuji, ŋakkaani tawtoraaɓe e ñaamde ndee. Kadi ɓe ngoppaani batte moraal. — Obasanjo, e dow kuudetaa Sani Abacha, hitaande 1994 E oon sahaa, Sani Abacha tiiɗtinii doole mum e konu, e lewru noowammbar 1993, o felliti Shonekan yo woppu laamu, o acci hoore makko ƴettude laamu. Obasanjo noddiino Abacha ko adii kuudetaa oo, ina ñaagii ɗum nde woppataa ngalɗoo laawol. Caggal nde Abacha heɓti laamu, o wiyi Obasanjo yo jokkondir e makko. Ko sakkitii koo waɗii, kono salii wallitde laamu Abacha haa nde anndini ñalngu ngu yaltata e hoore mum. Ndeen Abacha momtii lanndaaji politik gonɗi ɗii e juɓɓule demokaraasiije, o noddi politikaaji ummoriiɗi e nokkuuji ceertuɗi yo naata e Diisnondiral makko Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe ; Obasanjo salii toɗɗaade hay gooto e ndeeɗoo diiso. Obasanjo fuɗɗi jeertinde wonde Naajeeriya ina yahra e wolde hakkunde leyɗeele woɗnde e nder feccere leƴƴi, e lewru mee 1994 kanko e Yar'Adua ɓe ndarni fedde wiyeteende National Unity Promoters, fedde daraniinde haɗde ndeeɗoo feere. E lewru Juko, Abiola anndini hoore mum hooreejo lesdi Naajeeriya, nden o nanngaama ngam janfa. Hay so tawii Obasanjo saliima jaɓde haala Abiola, o wasiyiima Abacha nde woppataa ɗum. Ndeen o ardiima fedde ardiiɓe aadaaji e batu ngu ɓe ndarni ngam fuɗɗoraade kaaldigal hakkunde Abacha e Abiola. Jaɓugo maako wallugo Abiola mettini Yoruba'en ɗuuɗɓe, jawdi Obasanjo haa lesdi Yoruba'en ɗon ƴama.Obasanjo mettini bee ko o yi'i bana jukkungo ngam o wallitaako nafuuda sectari'en Yoruba'en. E lewru marse 1995, Obasanjo ina wonnoo to leydi Danemark ngam tawtoreede batu Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe ngam ɓamtaare renndo to Kopenhag. Nde o woni ton, o nani Yar'Adua nanngaama, malla o heɓan bana non to o warti Naajeeriya. O wiyi noon o wiyi alaa ko o waɗi, o felliti hootde. Waɗi sahaa gooto to Aeroport Lagos, passport makko nanngaa, janngo mum, polis ƴetti mo e galle makko Ota. Polis tuumi Obasanjo ina jokkondiri e kuudetaa mo Abacha waɗi, mo kolonel Lawan Gwadabe yuɓɓini. Obasanjo nawtaama hakkunde nokkuuji deentorɗi ceertuɗi, tawi gonnooɗo hooreejo leydi Amerik hono Carter e hoore mum jokkondirii e Abacha ngam ɗaɓɓude yo Obasanjo woppe. Ndeen Obasanjo artiraama to Ota, o waɗtaa e kasoo fotde lebbi ɗiɗi, e nder ɗuum o haɗaama heɓde jaayɗe, telefoŋ, walla njilluuji. Goɗɗo e tuumaaɗo wonde ina jeyaa e kuudetaa oo, hono Kolonel RSB Bello-Fadile, awokaa konu, ina wondi e caɗeele, e nder ɗuum o siifondiri e bayyinaango wonde o yahiino to Ota ngam humpitaade Obasanjo ko fayti e kuudetaa oo no woniri e peewnugol. Ɗum huutoraama ngam seedeeji ngam ñaawde Obasanjo e suuɗde fenaande, ko ɗum huunde nde sariyaaji leydi Najeriya mbaɗi.Ndeen o nawaama to nokku naamne kisal leydi ndii to Ikoyi. Abacha wiyi yo Obasanjo ñaawe e yeeso ñaawirdu konu, ñaawirdu nduu waɗi ñalnde 19 suwee 1995. E nder ñaawoore ndee, Obasanjo yedditii wonde RSB Bello-Fadile meeɗaa hawrude e makko. RSB Bello-Fadile kadi hollitii wonde o siifondirii e bayyinaango ngo Obasanjo jogori waɗde e dow doole, kono ñaawirdu nduu saliima ndeeɗoo ruttaade. Ñalnde 14 sulyee, ñaawirde ndee ñaawi Obasanjo duuɓi 25 kasoo ; Yar'Adua e woɗɓe sappo e nayo kadi tuumaaɗo wonde e nder fedde nde, ñaawaama warngo.Obasanjo caggal ɗuum noddi ɗum "ñalngu mum ɓurngu mettude". Caggal nde hooreejo leydi Amerik biyeteeɗo Bill Clinton holliti wonde leydi mum ina jogori haɗde petroŋ leydi Naajeeriya so tawii ɗeen warngooji mbaɗii, Abacha wayli ñaawoore maɓɓe, o ustii ñaawoore Obasanjo haa duuɓi 15. 9ops28qroqnvichnu3117n7pgcno12k 175765 175761 2026-06-22T20:17:17Z Ilya Discuss 10103 #1Lib1Ref 175765 wikitext text/x-wiki Mawɗo Olusegun Matthew Okikiola Ogunboye Aremu Obasanjo GCFR (// C; Yoruba: Olúṣẹ́gun Ọbásanjọ́ [ōlúʃɛ́ɡũ̄ ɔ̄básã̄d͡ʒɔ́] R; jibinaa ko c. ndema, e gonnooɗo seneraal konu gonnooɗo hooreejo leydi Naajeeriya gila 1976 haa 1979, caggal ɗuum o woni hooreejo leydi ndii gila 1999 haa 2007. To bannge miijo, ko o ngenndiyanke Naajeeriya, o jeyaa ko e lannda Demokaraasi Leƴƴi (PDP) gila 1998 haa 2019. Obasanjo jibinaa ko e wuro Ibogun-Olaogun, e nder galle remoowo, jeyaaɗo e leñol Owu, Obasanjo janngi ko ɓuri heewde e wuro wiyeteengo Abeokuta, to diiwaan Ogun. O naati konu leydi Naajeeriya, o janngi ko faati e inndeeji, o golliima to Konngo, Angalteer, e Inndo, o arti e darnde Major. E darorɗe kitaale 1960, o waɗii darnde mawnde e haɓaade seernaaɓe Biafra e nder wolde hakkunde leyɗeele Nijeer, o jaɓi dogde e hitaande 1970. E hitaande 1975, kuudetaa konu sosi junta e Obasanjo e nder laamu mum tati. Caggal nde hooreejo triumvirate, hono Murtala Muhammed, waraa e hitaande rewtunde ndee, Diiso toowngo konu toɗɗii Obasanjo hooreejo leydi ndii. Jokkude politik Murtala, Obasanjo ƴeewtindiima taƴgol bidsee e yaajnude jaŋde ekkolaaji ɗi ngalaa njoɓdi. Ɓesdugo hawtuki lesdi Naajeeriya bee lesdi Amerika, o teddini kadi ballal pelle luutndiiɗe laamu ɓaleeɓe pamari nder Afrika woylaare. Obasanjo ɗon mari haaje wartirgo demokaraasi, o ardi woote 1979, ɓaawo man o hokki laamu lesdi Naajeeriya haa hooreejo lesdi siwil keso, Shehu Shagari. Ndeen Obasanjo artii e golle mum to Ota, Ogun, ɗo o wonti demoowo, o yaltini defte nay, o tawtoraama eɓɓooji winndereeji ngam joofnude hareeji Afrik ceertuɗi. E hitaande 1993, Sani Abacha heɓti laamu e kuudetaa konu. Obasanjo ina ñiŋa laamu Abacha e peeñcu, e hitaande 1995 o nanngaa, o ñaawaa wonde o jeyaa ko e kuudetaa peewnaaɗo, hay so tawii o seppii wonde o alaa ella. Nde o woni e kasoo ndee, o wonti Kerecee’en jibinaaɗo, tawi ko providentialism ina tiiɗtini no feewi e yi’annde makko aduna caggal ɗuum. O woppitaama caggal maayde Abacha e hitaande 1998. Obasanjo naati e politik wooteeji, o wonti kanndidaa PDP e wooteeji hooreleydaagu 1999, ɗi o dañi. Ko o hooreejo leydi, o woppi politik militeer en, kamɓe ɗiɗo fof ɓe njaajni polis, ɓe moofti konu ngam haɓaade fitinaaji leƴƴi, diineeji, e seernaaɓe jaajɗi. O itti sooje'en lesdi Naajeeriya diga lesdi Siyeraa Leone, o hokki hukuumaaji pamari feere-feere ngam ustugo ceede lesdi ndi'i. O artiraa e woote 2003. E nder miijooji Pan-Afrik, o woniino daraniiɗo no feewi sosde Dental Afrik, o woniino hooreejo mayre tuggi 2004 haa 2006. Eɓɓooje Obasanjo ngam waylude doosɗe leydi ngam ittude keeri manndaa hooreejo leydi, ɗe njahraani no haanirta nii, ɗe ngaddani ɗum ñiŋooje. Caggal nde o woppi golle, o heɓi doktoraa makko e ganndal diine to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde National Open to leydi Najeriya. Nguurndam gadano Baaba Olusegun Obasanjo, Obasanjo Bankole, jeyaa ko e ardiiɓe hoɗɓe e sosɓe wuro Igbogun Olaogun e fuɗɗoode kitaale 1920. Hay so tawii ko o demoowo keewɗo jawdi, o jom jawdi en, omo hiisee wonde miskiino sabu o jeyaaka e yimɓe jannguɓe e nder leydi Yoruba. Bankole hawri e Bernice Ashabi, njulaagu tokooso to Igbogun, kamɓe ɗiɗo fof ɓe resndi. Ɓeeɗoo ɗiɗo ina njogii ɓiɓɓe ɗiɗo heddiiɓe e nder jeegom : Olusegun e Adunni Oluwola, miñiiko debbo gooto. E wiyde paaspoor makko, Olusegun Obasanjo jibinaa ko ñalnde 5 marse 1937 hay so tawii noon alaa ko winndaa e mum hannde, ñalngu nguu ko limto ɓadiiɗo. Olusegun ko jeyaaɗo e Laamu Owu. O mawni ko e Baptiste. Debbo makko caggal mum naati lislaam ngam resde gorko juulɗo.[9] E duuɓi sappo e go'o, o naati duɗal leslesal wuro ngo,[10] caggal duuɓi tati, e hitaande 1951, o naati duɗal Baptist Day to nokku Owu to Abeokuta.[11] E hitaande 1952 o arti e duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde sukaaɓe Baptist,[12] kadi e nder wuro ngo. Feccere e njoɓdi duɗal makko ko dokke laamu.[13] Obasanjo waɗii ko moƴƴi e jaŋde,[14] e nder duɗal o wonti Boy Scout keewɗo faayiida.[15] Hay so tawii alaa ko holliti wonde e oon sahaa o tawtoraama kala pelle politik,[15] ko e nder duɗal hakkundeewal Obasanjo salii innde makko adannde "Matthew" ngam wonde golle luulndiiɗe koloñaal.[16] E nder ɗuum, baaba Obasanjo woppi debbo mum e sukaaɓe mum ɗiɗo.[17] Nde o yani e baasal, yumma Obasanjo ina foti golloraade njulaagu ngam wuurde.[15] Ngam yoɓugo ceede janngirde maako, Obasanjo ɗon huuwa haa gese kakawo e kola, ɗon ligga, ɗon mooɓa leɗɗe, ɗon sooda ceene mahooɓe. E nder balɗe udditgol duɗal ngal kadi o golliima e duɗal ngal, omo taƴa huɗo e golle juuɗe goɗɗe.[18] E hitaande 1956, Obasanjo waɗi jaŋde mum hakkundeere, caggal nde o ñamli kaalis ngam yoɓde njoɓdi naatgol.[19] E oon hitaande kadi, o fuɗɗii jokkondirde e Oluremi Akinlawon, ɓiy Owu mawɗo station. Ɓe ndarniino dewgal haa hitaande 1958.[20] O yalti duɗal, o fayi Ibadan, o ƴetti golle jannginde. Ko ɗoon o jooɗii e ekzamen naatgol to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Ibadan, kono hay so o jaɓii o tawi o waawaa yoɓde njoɓdi jaŋde.[19] Ndeen Obasanjo fellitii jokkude golle mum e nder konu leydi Najeriya, ngam heɓde ngal gollal, e hitaande 1958 o jaabiima eɓɓoore ngam janngude ofiseeji cadet e nder konu leydi Najeriya.[21][22] Fuɗɗoode golle konu (1958-1966) Heblo konu: 1958-1959 E lewru marse 1958, Obasanjo naati e konu leydi Najeriya.[23] O yi’i ɗum ko fartaŋŋe jokkude jaŋde makko tawa omo heɓa njoɓdi;[24] o humpitaaki ɗoon e ɗoon ɓesngu makko, o hulii wonde jibnaaɓe makko ina njaɓa ɗum.[25] Ko e oon sahaa konu leydi Najeriya ina jokki e juuɗe laamu koloñaal leydi Najeriya, ngam heblude ndimaagu leydi Najeriya timmungu, kadi ina waɗi eɓɓooje ngam heɓde yimɓe leydi Najeriya ɓurɓe heewde e nder darnde konu mum.[25] Ndeen o neldaama to duɗal jaŋde ofiseeji jooɗɗi to Teshie to leydi Gana.[23] Nde o woni caggal leydi, o neldi ɓataakeeji e dokke to jom suudu makko to leydi Najeriya.[20] E lewru suwee 1958, o suɓaa ngam ɓeydaade heblo lebbi jeegom to duɗal Mons Officer Cadet to Aldershot, to fuɗnaange Angalteer. Obasanjo yiɗaa ɗum toon, o sikkatnoo ko ɗum juɓɓule njiyaagu e njiyaagu, o tawi ina saɗi ko jokkondiri e dumunna Engele ɓurɗo toowde e ɓuuɓde.[26] Nde semmbini miijooji makko bonɗi e laamu Biritaan e hakke mum laamaade e dow laamuuji mum koloñaal en.[24] To Mons, o heɓi komisoŋ e seedantaagal to bannge innde. Nde Obasanjo woni to leydi Angalteer, yumma mum maayi. Baaba makko ndeen maayi ko hitaande caggal ɗuum.[27] E hitaande 1959, Obasanjo arti Nijeer. Ko ɗoon o artiraa to Kaduna, o woni subaltern infanterie e bataliyoŋ joyaɓo.[27] Wakkati maako haa Kaduna woni wakkati arandejum nde Obasanjo jooɗi haa nokkure nde juulɓe ɗuuɗi.[27] Ko nde o woni toon, e lewru Oktoobar 1960, leydi Nijeer wonti leydi ndimaagu.[28][22] Kiiriis Konngo: 1960-1961 Ƴeew kadi: Kiriis Konngo Caggal ɗuum seeɗa, bataliyoŋ joyaɓo neldaa to Konngo ngam jeyeede e konu Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe ngam haɓaade jam. Ko ɗoon bataliyoŋ oo woni e nder diiwaan Kivu, tawi ko ɗoon woni Bukavu.[28] To leydi Konngo, Obasanjo e woɗɓe ina njoginoo darnde reende siwil en, haa arti noon e leñol Belsik, e soldateeɓe murtuɓe e laamu Patrice Lumumba.[28] E lewru feebariyee 1961, Obasanjo nanngaa e juuɗe murtuɓe nde o ummotoo e misiyoŋaaji katolik en e nder dingiral sara Bukavu. Mutinooɓe ɓee miijinoo ko warde mo kono ɓe njamiraama yo ɓe njaltu. E lewru mee 1961, bataliyoŋ joyaɓo ummii Konngo, arti Najeriya.[28] E nder wolde nde, o toɗɗaama kapiteen wakkati.[24] O teskiima caggal ɗuum wonde sahaa mo o woni e Konngo oo ina semmbina "fervour pan-africain" bataliyoŋ makko.[28] Gartugol e leydi Konngo: 1961-1966 Nde o arti, Obasanjo soodi oto makko gadano, o naati e opitaal ko juuti sabu rafi reedu. Nde o selli, o artiraa e Korse Innjiniyaaruuji konu. E hitaande 1962 o jooɗii to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Royal College to Angalteer. Ko ɗoon o ɓuri waawde, o siforaa ko "almuudo Commonwealth ɓurɗo waawde". Oon hitaande, o yoɓi Akinlawon ngam yahde Londres ɗo o waawi naatde e kursus heblo. Ɓeeɗoo ɗiɗo resndi ɗum ko e lewru suwee 1963 to biro binnditagol Camberwell Green, ɓe nganndini ɓesnguuji maɓɓe tan caggal nde ɓe mbaɗi hiirde ndee.E ndeen hitaande, Obasanjo yamiraama yo o hoot to leydi Nijeer, hay so tawii debbo makko ina heddii to Londres duuɓi tati goɗɗi ngam timminde jaŋde makko. Nde o naati Naajeeriya, Obasanjo hoosi ardungal konu Innjiniyaaruuji ladde, jooɗiiɗum haa Kaduna. E nder konu, Obasanjo ina jokki e yahrude yeeso e nder darɗe, o wonti mawɗo e hitaande 1965. O huutoriima ngalu makko ngam soodde leydi, e fuɗɗoode kitaale 1960 o heɓi jawdi to Ibadan, Kaduna, e Lagos. E hitaande 1965, Obasanjo neldaa leydi Inndo. E nder laawol, o yilliima debbo makko to Londres. To leydi Indiya, o janngi to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde toppitiingal ko fayti e cellal to Wellington, caggal ɗuum to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Innjiniyaaruuji to Poona. Obasanjo hulɓinii e heege nde o seedtii e nder leydi Indiya hay so tawii o ƴettii nafoore e pinal leydi ndii, huunde nde addani mo janngude defte diineeji nannditooji. Hare nder leydi Naajeeriya Winndannde mawnde: Hare nder leydi Najeriya Golle makko ko adii wolde hakkunde leyɗeele: 1966-1967 Obasanjo ummi Naajeeriya nder lewru January hitaande 1966 ngam heɓugo lesdi ndi'i nder kuudetaa konu ngu Major Emmanuel Ifeajuna ardii. Obasanjo ina jeyaa e jeertinɓe wonde ngonka kaa ina waawi jippaade e wolde nder leydi.O hollitii wonde maa o won hakkunde ƴaañooɓe kuudetaa e laamu siwil, ngu rokki laamu nguu e juuɗe hooreejo konu Johnson Aguiyi-Ironsi. Nde kuudetaa oo ronki, Olusegun hawri e Ironsi to Lagos. Ironsi ɓooyaani ko timmini fedde nde e nder leydi Najeriya rewrude e yamiroore mum kawral e lewru mee 1966, huunde nde ɓuuɓni jiiɓru leƴƴi. E darorɗe lewru sulyee, kuudetaa ɗiɗmo waɗi. To wuro Ibadan, sooja'en iwdi woyla lesdi Naajeeriya ɗon ƴama, ɓe mbari Ironsi, ɓe mbari fodde teemeɗɗe ɗiɗi sooje'en ko ɓuri ɗuuɗugo ɓe iwdi lesdi Naajeeriya. Seneraal Yaakubu Gowon heɓti laamu. Nde ooɗoo kuudetaa waɗata nde Obasanjo wonnoo ko to Maiduguri. Nande ɗum, o yaawi hootde Kaduna. Ko ɗoon o tawi konu worgo ummoriiɗo e bataliyoŋ tataɓo ina ronka, ina torloo, ina wara soldateeɓe Igbo en. Gomnaajo lesdi Naajeeriya, Hassan Katsina, annditi dow koo ngam Olusegun naa Igbo, bana no o woni mo woylaare lesdi Naajeeriya, o ɗon nder ɓilla haa sooja'en murtuɓe. Ngam reenaade ɓe, Katsina neldi Olusegun e debbo mum ngarta Maiduguri balɗe sappo, tawi fitinaaji ɗii ina ustoo. Caggal ɗuum, Obasanjo neldi debbo mum to Lagos, tawi omo hoota Kaduna kanko e hoore makko, o woni ɗoon haa lewru Yarkomaa 1967. E oon sahaa ko kanko woni ofisee Yoruba ɓurɗo mawnude tawaaɗo to bannge worgo. E lewru Yarkomaa 1967, Obasanjo toɗɗaama to Lagos ngam wonde mawɗo Injineer konu.Hare hakkunde leƴƴi Igbo e leƴƴi worgo ina jokki e ɓeydaade, e lewru mee, ofisee konu Igbo C. Odumegwu Ojukwu hollitii jeytaare nokkuuji ɓurɗi heewde Igbo e nder fuɗnaange-rewo leydi Bi. Ñalnde 3 lewru juko, laamu leydi Najeriya neldi Obasanjo to Ibadan ngam wonde hooreejo leydi Hirnaange.Hare hakkunde konu leydi Najeriya e seernaaɓe Biafran fuɗɗii ko ñalnde 6 lewru juko. Ñalnde 9 sulyee, Ojukwu neldi koloñaal konu Biafra dow pont Niiseer ngam yiɗde heɓtude Mid-West, nokku ɗo ɓe mbaawi ummoraade Lagos. Obasanjo yiɗiino uddude laabi jahduɗi e wuro ngo. Komandaajo Yoruba biyeteeɗo Victor Banjo, ardinooɗo konu njanngu Biafran, etinooma waawnude Obasanjo yoo ɓe njaltu, kono o salii. Kuugal konu lesdi: 1967-1970 "Kolonel Olu Obasanjo, gardinooɗo diɗɗal tataɓal". Jaaynde Naajeeriya keso, hello 7, 12 lewru Yarkomaa 1970. Gagga hare nder leydi Naajeeriya e Biafra. Ndeen Obasanjo toɗɗaama hooreejo caggal diɗɗal ɗiɗaɓal Murtala Muhammed, gollotoongal to Mid-Ouest. Obasanjo woni ko e jooɗaade to Ibadan, ko kañum halfinaa Division ɗiɗaɓo oo jogaade kaɓirɗe. E nder wuro ngo, Obasanjo jannginii course ganndal konu to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Ibadan, o mahi jokkondiral makko e nder elite Yoruba. E nder wolde nde, wonno ko jiiɓru mawndu e nder Dowla Hirnaange, ngam daɗde e ɗeen caɗeele, Obasanjo woppi golle mum e nder Diiso doosɗe Hirnaange.Nde Obasanjo woɗɗi Ibadan e lewru noowammbar 1968, gure jogiiɗe kaɓirɗe ɗe fedde remooɓe Agbekoya moofti, njani e galle laamorɗo Ibadan. Konuuji ɗii njaabtii, mbari sappo e fitinaaji ɗii. Nde Obasanjo arti o yamiri yo ñaawirde ƴeewto kewuuji ɗii. Yamiroore konu: 1967-1970 "Kolonel Olu Obasanjo, gardinooɗo diɗɗal tataɓal". Jaaynde Naajeeriya keso, hello 7, 12 lewru Yarkomaa 1970. Gagga hare nder leydi Naajeeriya e Biafra. Ndeen Obasanjo toɗɗaama hooreejo caggal diɗɗal ɗiɗaɓal Murtala Muhammed, gollotoongal to Mid-Ouest. Obasanjo ina jooɗii to Ibadan, ko kañum halfinaa Division ɗiɗaɓo oo jogaade kaɓirɗe. E nder wuro ngo, Obasanjo jannginii course ganndal konu to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Ibadan, o mahi jokkondiral makko e nder elite Yoruba. E nder wolde nde, wonno ko jiiɓru mawndu e nder Dowla Hirnaange, ngam daɗde e ɗeen geɗe, Obasanjo woppi golle e nder Diiso doosɗe Dowla Hirnaange. Nde Obasanjo woɗɗi Ibadan e lewru noowammbar 1968, wuro ngo ina jogii balɗe, ngo fedde remooɓe Agbekoya moofti, yani e galle laamorɗo Ibadan. Konuuji ɗii njaabtii, mbari sappo e fitinaaji ɗii. Nde Obasanjo arti o yamiri yo ñaawirde ƴeewto kewuuji ɗii. Gowon felliti lomtaade Kolonel Benjamin Adekunle, ardinooɗo njanngu Biafra, kono ina haani Yoruba mawɗo goɗɗo. O suɓii ko Obasanjo, hay so tawii noon o alaa humpito hare. Obasanjo arii Port Harcourt ngam heɓtude golle ɗee ñalnde 16 mee 1969 ; o ardii hannde hakkunde 35 000 e 40 000 soldaat. O waɗii jonte jeegom gadane ɗee ko e riiwtude njangu Biafran e Aba. O yilliima kala nokku e yeeso, o gaañiiɗo e waɗde ɗum. Ɗee golle ngaddi mo innde cuusal e nder worɓe makko E lewru desaambar, Obasanjo fuɗɗii golle Finishing Touch, yamiri konu mum yo yahru yeeso feewde Umuahia, ngu ɓe ƴetti ñalnde Natal. Ɗum taƴii Biafra e feccere. Ñalnde 7 lewru Yarkomaa 1970, o ummini ndeen « Operation Tail-Wind », o heɓti laana ndiwoowa Uli ñalnde 12 lewru Yarkomaa. E oon sahaa, ardiiɓe Biafran njaɓi yoɓde. Ñalnde 13 lewru nduu, Obasanjo jokkondiri e komandaajo konu Biafran biyeteeɗo Philip Effiong. Obasanjo wi'i sooja'en Biafran hokka balmi maɓɓe, nden boo suɓol ardiiɓe lesdi ndi'i ɗon yaha Lagos, ɓe hokka Gowon dow laawol. Janngo mum, Obasanjo haali e rajo diiwaan oo, o wiyi ɓiɓɓe leydi ndi yo njokku e galleeji mum en, o dartina kisal mum en. Biafranaaɓe heewɓe e jaayɗe goɗɗe ina kuli wonde konu leydi Najeriya ina waawi waɗde bonanndeeji keewɗi e yimɓe foolɓe ɓee, hay so tawii noon Obasanjo ina yiɗi haɗde ɗum. O yamiri konu makko e nder diiwaan hee yo heddo e nder galleeji mum en, jokkude wonde polis nokku oo ina foti ƴettude kuule ngam ƴellitde sariya e deeƴre. Division tataɓo, ɓurɗo woɗɗude, waɗii hareeji warngooji e yimɓe nokku oo. Obasanjo ina tiiɗi e waɗooɓe bonannde ndee, sibu waɗɓe warngooji ɗii mberlaama, waɗɓe warngooji ɗii mbardaa. Laamu Gowon waɗi Obasanjo kalfinaaɗo naatnude Biafra e nder leydi Najeriya, e nder oon darnde o heɓi teddungal ngam teeŋtinde mawngu. Ko o injenieer, o teeŋtinii artirde jolngo ndiyam ; haa lewru mee 1970 gure mawɗe diiwaan oo fof njokkondirii e jolngo ndiyam. Darnde Obasanjo e timminde wolde nde waɗi mo jaambaaro wolde, kadi ko o neɗɗo ganndiraaɗo e nder leydi Najeriya. Kuugal maako ɓaawo konu lesdi: 1970-1975 E lewru suwee 1970, Obasanjo arti Abeokuta, jamaanu jaɓɓii mo no jaambaaro garoowo nii. Ndeen o neldaama to Lagos, o woni Brigadier gardinooɗo Korse Innjiniyankooɓe. E lewru oktoobar, Gowon hollitii wonde laamu militeer en ina rokka laamu nguu laamu siwil e hitaande 1976. E nder ɗuum, haɗde lanndaaji politik ina heddii e doole ; Gowon yahri yeeso seeɗa e sosde laamu siwil. E les laamu sooja'en, Obasanjo jooɗi nder goomu limngal sooja'en lesdi Naajeeriya, ko laarani limngal sooja'en lesdi Naajeeriya nder duuɓi 1970. E hitaande 1974 Obasanjo yahi to leydi Angalteer ngam janngude to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Royal College to bannge diine. Nde o arti, e lewru Yarkomaa 1975 Gowon toɗɗii mo Komisariyaa Golle e Koɗki, golle ɗe o joginoo fotde lebbi jeeɗiɗi, e nder ɗuum o ɓuri waawde mahde kaɓirɗe konu. E hitaande 1970, Obasanjo soodi sosiyatee Libannaajo ɓooyɗo to Ibadan, o gollini heen awokaa ngam ƴellitde ɗum. E hitaande 1973 o winnditii fedde wiyeteende Temperance Enterprises Limited, nde o waawi waɗde heen golle njulaagu caggal nde o woppi golle konu. O jokki kadi e waɗde heen jawdi ; e hitaande 1974 o joginoo galleeji ɗiɗi to Lagos e gooto fof to Ibadan e Abeokuta. Haalaaji ummii wonde Obasanjo ina jokki e waɗde njulaagu nguu ina ɓeydoo yaajde e nder leydi Najeriya, hay so tawii noon alaa ko holliti ɗum ko laaɓti. Dewgal makko e Oluremi wonti caɗeele nde o salii jokkondiral makko e rewɓe woɗɓe. E cakkital kitaale 1970 dewgal maɓɓe fusi. E hitaande 1976 o resi Stella Abebe e nder kewu aadaaji Yoruba. E nder laamu Murtala Kuudetaa 1975 e caggal mum Binndanɗe mawɗe: Kuudetaa laamu Nijeer e hitaande 1975 e Kawtal konu Nijeer (1966–1979) E lewru sulyee 1975, kuudetaa e gardagol Shehu Muusaa Yar’Adua e Yuusuf Garba liɓi Gowon, o dogi fayti Angalteer. Ɓe kaalaani Obasanjo e peeje maɓɓe nde tawnoo omo anndiraa wonde kuudetaa ko kuutorgal waylude laamu. Kuudetaaji ɗii njiɗnoo ko lomtinde laamu otokaraasi Gowon nguu e laamu tati (triumvirate) brigadieruuji tati ɗi Diiso Toowngo Konu ina waawi haɗde kuule mum en. Ngalɗoo laamu tati, ɓe cemmbini Seneraal Murtala Muhammed yo won hooreejo leydi, Obasanjo woni ɗiɗaɓo e gardagol mum, Danjuma woni tataɓo. Daartoowo biyeteeɗo John Iliffe teskiima wonde e nder triumvirate, Obasanjo ko « puccu gollordu e ngaandi » , ko kanko ɓuri yaawde hootde e laamu siwil. E nder heen, triumvirate oo naatni peeje ustude ngalu ngam haɗde inflation, sosi Biro toppitiiɗo ko fayti e golle bonɗe, lomtini guwerneeruuji militeer en ɗii fof ofiseeji kesi, ɓe cifotoo ko Obasanjo woni hooreejo konu, ɓe puɗɗii "Operation Deadwood" mo ɓe ndartini ofiseeji civil 11,000. Mawɗo gollordu, suudu sarɗiiji: 1975–76 E lewru oktoobar 1975, laamu nguu hollitii peeje ngam waɗde woote ɗe mbaɗata ngam laamu siwil e lewru oktoobar 1979. Ngu hollitii kadi peeje ngam sosde goomu ngam ƴettude doosgal leydi kesal, tawi ko Obasanjo ɓuri waawde suɓaade terɗe goomu nguu 49. E dow wasiyaaji Komiseer Irifeke, laamu nguu hollitii kadi sosde dowlaaji jeeɗiɗi kesi ; e dow tiiɗnaare Obasanjo, Abeokuta ina foti wonde laamorgo gooto e ɗeen dowlaaji kesi, hono Ogun. Kadi dow wasiyaaji komitiiru ndun, ɓe anndini anniyaaji seeɗa-seeɗa ngam wurtinki laamorgo lesdi Naajeeriya diga Lagos haa Abuja ɓurduɗum caka. E lewru Yarkomaa 1976, Obasanjo e Danjuma fof ƴettaa e jappeere Lietnaa-Seneraal. Murtala e Obasanjo fof ina ndartini darnde ngam haɗde koloñaal Oropnaaɓe jokkude e njiimaandi ɓaleeɓe tokosɓe e nder Afrik worgo, ɗum noon ko huunde nde ɓe cuɓii e politik maɓɓe caggal leydi. Ngolɗoo sabaabu ina ɓeydoo wontude ngoƴa Obasanjo. Caggal nde Angolaa heɓti jeytaare mum e juuɗe Portigaal, wolde ɓesngu addi e leydi hee. Naajeeriya anndi laabi laamu ngu MPLA, fedde marxist en nde Dental Sowiyet walli, sabu laamu luulndiingu FNLA e UNITA ina mballita e laamu ɓaleeɓe tokosɓe to Afrik worgo. Ko jiidaa e rokkude MPLA ballal kaalis, Niiseer fuɗɗiima ƴattaade leyɗeele Afrik goɗɗe ngam kadi jaɓde njuɓɓudi MPLA, e fuɗɗoode hitaande 1976 ko ɓuri heewde e dowlaaji e nder Fedde Ngootaagu Afrik (OAU) mbaɗii ɗum. E lewru feebariyee 1976, Obasanjo ardii delegaasiyoŋ Najeriya ngam mawninde hitaande MPLA to Luanda, ɗo o wiyi : « ko ñalngu maantiniingu, ko ɗum fuɗɗoode hare sakkitiinde ngam haɓaade koloñaal, imperiyaalisma e njiyaagu e nder Afrik ». Warngo Murtala : 13 feebariyee 1976 E lewru feebariyee 1976, kolonel Buka Suka Dimka waɗi kuudetaa e laamu Nijeer, tawi ko ndeen Seneraal Murtala Muhammed waraa. Eɓɓoore kadi waɗaama e nguurndam Obasanjo, kono neɗɗo mo fotaani waraa. Dimka ŋakkiraa ballal mawngal e nder militeer en, kuudetaa makko ronki, ɗum addani mo dogde. Obasanjo tawtoraaki wirwirnde Murtala to Kano, kono o hollitii laamu nguu ina jogori yoɓde mahngo juulirde e nokku ɗo o wirnaa ɗoo. Caggal nde o waraa, Obasanjo tawtoraama batu Diiso Toowngo Konu. O hollitii yiɗde makko woppude laamu, kono Diiso ngoo heɓiino ɗaɓɓude yo o lomto Murtala e gardagol leydi ndii. Ko ɗum waɗi o wonti hooreejo diiso ngoo.E nder kulhuli makko e ɓeydagol eɓɓooji e nguurndam makko, Obasanjo naati e nder kasoo Dodan, tawi 39 neɗɗo tuumaaɗo wonde e nder kuudetaa Dimka mbaraa, ɗum jibini tuumeede wonde jaabawol Obasanjo ngol ina heewi. Ko Obasanjo woni hooreejo leydi ndi, o huniima jokkude dawrugol Murtala. Hooreejo leydi konu (1976-1979) Triumvirat konu E anndude kulhuli gonɗi e woɗɗude yimɓe woyla Naajeeriya, Obasanjo addi Seneraal Shehu Yar'Adua ngam lomtaade mo e ɗiɗaɓo e gardagol hooreejo konu, gardiiɗo jaagorɗe toowɗo timminoowo triumvirate militeer en, Obasanjo woni hooreejo leydi e Seneraal Theophilus Stajumabli ngam laamaade dow tato we- laamu konu. Obasanjo hirjinii jeewte e nanondiral hakkunde Diiso Toowngo Konu. Heewɓe ina kaawaa hol ko waɗi Obasanjo – hono Yoruba e Kerecee – toɗɗaade Yar’Adua, tergal e aristokraasi worgo, yo won gardiiɗo ɗiɗaɓo mum, wonaa banndiiko Yoruba Kerecee. Obasanjo teeŋtinii kulhuli ngenndiiji e dow ɗi diiwanuuji ɗii ; o hirjini sukaaɓe e mawɓe fof nde njanngata fodoore ngenndiire hesere ndee e jimɗi ngenndiiji ɗii. Nafoore heɓde miijooji ɓurɗi yaajde, ñalnde aset kala omo waɗa seminar mo alaa ko woni e mum so wonaa toɓɓere nde yimɓe ɓe ngonaa politikaaji e gollotooɓe laamu noddata. Ina jeyaa e ɓe o ɗaɓɓirta wasiyaaji mum en, annduɓe lislaam e mawɓe aadaaji. Politik faggudu Obasanjo wondude e hooreejo leydi Amerik biyeteeɗo Jimmy Carter to galle laamorɗo Amerik e hitaande 1977 E cakkital kitaale 1970, leydi Naajeeriya ina joginoo faggudu ɓurndu heewde doole, tawi noon ko 34% e inflation. Ngam haɓugo bee caɗeele faggudu lesdi Naajeeriya, Obasanjo tokki dabareeji cemmbiɗinki ceede ngam ustugo ceede laamu. E nder bidsee makko 1976, Obasanjo eɓɓi ustude njoɓdi laamu nguu fotde feccere, ustude eɓɓaaɗe tedduɗe, tawa ina ɓeyda njoɓdi jaŋde, cellal, galleeji, e ndema. O sosi kadi goomu ngam haɓaade inflation, e nder hitaande wootere caggal nde Obasanjo heɓi laamu, inflation ustii haa 30%. Obasanjo ina heewi yiɗde ñamlude kaalis, kono e ballal Banke Adunayankeewo e Fonds Monétaire International, Nijeer ƴetti ñamlude miliyaaruuji 1 dolaar e fedde bankeeji. Ɓeen ñiŋooɓe leftist en mbiyi wonde waɗde ɗum ina addana leydi ndii ɗooftaade kapitaalisma. E nder duuɓi ɗiɗi garooji ɗii, laamu Obasanjo, Nijeer ƴettii 4 983 miliyoŋ dolaar goɗɗo. Naajeeriya ina wondi e ɓeydagol fotde 3% hitaande kala e nder kitaale 1970, huunde nde fotnoo ɓeydaade fotde laabi ɗiɗi e nder duuɓi 25 seeɗa. Obasanjo teskiima caggal ɗuum wonde o anndaa ɗum e oon sahaa, sibu laamu makko alaa politik e ƴellitde yimɓe. Ɓeydagol yimɓe leydi Naajeeriya addani ɓe ɓeydaade yaawde e nder gure mawɗe e ŋakkeende cuuɗi e nder gure. Ngam haɓaade ɗum, bidsee Obasanjo e hitaande 1976 hollitii peeje mahngo 200 000 galle keso haa hitaande 1980, hay so tawii noon ko 28 500 tan mahaa.E hitaande 1976, laamu Obasanjo kadi hollitii wonde ina jogori ƴellitde renndo e cogguuli. Ngam haɓaade jiiɓru seppooji gollotooɓe, e hitaande 1976 laamu Obasanjo yaltinii sariyaaji cifotooɗi ko ɓuri heewde e gollorɗe mawɗe ko sarwisaaji baɗɗi faayiida, haɗi seppooji e nder mum en, yamiri nanngugol ardiiɓe senndikaaji jiiɓru. E hitaande 1978 nde hawriti senndikaaji 42 e nder fedde wootere nde gollotooɓe e leydi Nijeer. Obasanjo jokki bee taskaramji tati mawɗi ngam ndiyam haa woyla lesdi Naajeeriya ɗi arannde anndinaama les Murtala: taskaramji maayo Kano, taskaramji Bakalori, e taskaramji ndiyam Chad Sud. Laamu makko kadi jokki eɓɓooji ƴellitaare ndema puɗɗanooɗi to Funtua, Gusau, e Gombe. Won eɓɓaaɗe ƴellitgol laddeeji kadi puɗɗaama ngam haɗde njiimaandi Saharaa to bannge worgo. Ngam heɓde ko ɓuri heewde e ɗaɓɓaande leydi ndii e kuuraa, Obasanjo ardiima udditgol eɓɓaaɗe ɗiɗi kese ngam ƴellitde kuuraa e nder ndiyam e ƴulɓe. Industry petrol heddii ko huunde mawnde e faggudu leydi Naajeeriya e les laamu Obasanjo, ministeer petrol hawtii e fedde petroŋ leydi Naajeeriya ngam sosde fedde petroŋ leydi Naajeeriya (NNPC). Obasanjo kadi wallitii sosde lowre liggorde to Bonny, nde NNPC yoɓi 62% ; eɓɓaande ndee ko lomto makko woppi ɗum e nder ɓeydagol coodguuli. Obasanjo jokki kadi e peewnugol njuɓɓudi njamndi mboɗeeri Ajaokuta, eɓɓaande ndonaandi nde heewɓe e ñiŋooɓe e nder sarwisaaji laamu mbiyata ko nde waawataa huutoreede. E nder cakkital kitaale 1970, Naajeeriya kadi ina wondi e ustaare ndema, ko ɗum huunde nde laamuuji jokkondirɗi ɗii njiyti ko ɓuri hoybude e naatde e nguura e nder leydi ndii. E lewru mee 1976, Obasanjo fuɗɗii « Operation Feed the Nation » (Operation Feed the Nation), woni eɓɓaande ngam wuurtinde ndema tokoosa, tawi ina jeyaa heen yoɓeede almudɓe ngam remde e nder balɗe juulde. Eɓɓaande ndee ina waɗi kadi momtugol njoɓɗeele e nguura jawdi e kaɓirɗe ndema, e ballal kuutoragol tovo ngo, e ustude njoɓɗeele ndema. E lewru marse 1978, Obasanjo yaltini kuulal kuutoragol leydi ndi rokki laamu nguu hakkeeji jeyi leydi e dow leydi ndii kala. Ɗum waɗiraa ko ngam haɗde njulaagu leydi e njulaagu leydi, kadi addani ɗum yetteede e bannge nano leydi Najeriya hay so tawii noon ko galleeji keewɗi jogiiɗi leydi njiɗaa ɗum. Obasanjo yiyri ɗum ko e geɗe teeŋtuɗe laamu mum. Obasanjo wallitorii reentaade Gowon ngam waɗde heen jawdi mum caggal leydi, o jokki e ɗeen politikaaji. Politik faggudu ngenndiyankaagal e nder sekteeruuji teeŋtuɗi ina usta njulaagu keeriiɗo, ɗum addani ɗum ustude njulaagu, hay so tawii noon daraniiɓe ɗum ɓee ina njetta Obasanjo ngam dartinde diisnondiral kaalis so renndinaama e ardiiɓe mum. Politikuuji nder leydi O (Obasanjo) jokki e ƴamol jaŋde leslesre winndereyankoore e nder leydi Najeriya, politik ronkaama e Gowon. O naatini sariya jaŋde leslesre e hitaande 1976 ; hakkunde 1975–76 e 1979–80, binnditagol e duɗe leslese ɗe njoɓaaka kono ɗe njiɗaa, ɓeydiima gila e miliyoŋaaji 6 haa 12,5 miliyoŋ, hay so tawii noon jannginooɓe e kaɓirɗe ina ŋakki ngam waawde huutoraade ɗaɓɓaande ndee. E hitaande jaŋde 1977–78, Obasanjo naatni jaŋde hakkundeere nde alaa ko yoɓetee e fannuuji karallaagal, huunde nde yaajnaa e denndaangal jaŋde hakkundeere e hitaande 1979–80. E oon sahaa gooto, leydi Naajeeriya ustii kaalis jaŋde toownde ; e hitaande 1978 nde woppi rokkude ñamaale almudɓe, nde ɓeydi fotde laabi tati njoɓdi nguura e hoɗorde duɗe jaaɓi haaɗtirde. Seppooji janngooɓe mbaɗi e nder gure keewɗe, waɗii warngooji baɗnooɗi e nder wuro Lagos e Zaria. E nder jaabawol fitinaaji ɗii, Obasanjo udditi duɗe jaaɓi-haaɗtirde keewɗe, haɗi golle politik e nder duɗe jaaɓi-haaɗtirde, haɗi kadi fedde janngooɓe leydi Najeriya. Tiiɗnaare ɗeen peeje ina gasa tawa ko sabu tuumeede wonde fitinaaji almudɓe ɗii ina njokkondiri e kuudetaa militeer peewnaaɗo e lewru feebariyee 1978. Obasanjo ina mettini e jikkuuji almudɓe seppooɓe ɓee, o wiyi wonde ɗum ina hollita ruttaade e nafooje aadaaji ko wayi no hormaade almudɓe. Ngam batte ɓamtaare laamu Naajeeriya, leydi ndi yi’i ɓamtaare mawnde nder kuuɗe laamu. Seedeeji peeñii ko feewti e fenaande mawnde e nder laamu leydi ndii, tee, so tawii tuume ɗee ina keewi waɗeede e Obasanjo e hoore mum, alaa seedeeji tiiɗɗi peeñi. Ngam haɗde natal njulaagu e nder laamu, laamu Obasanjo haɗii huutoraade otooji Mercedes ngam waɗde otooji laamu, e lomtaade ɗum en, ɓe mbaɗti heen otooji Peugeot 504 ɓurɗi hoybude Naatgol champagne kadi haɗaama. E ƴaañde taƴgol konu, laamu Obasanjo yiyri 12 000 soldaat ina ndartinaa e nder duuɓi 1976 e 1977. Ɗee konu njalti ko e nokkuuji kesi ngam wallitde ɗum en e jokkondirde e nguurndam siwil en. Obasanjo kadi ina tuuma wonde ko kañum woni sabaabu ƴaañgol politik. E nder yeewtere wootere maantiniinde, koɗorɗe jimoowo e daraniiɗo politik Najeriya biyeteeɗo Fela Kuti, Republique Kalakuta, yani, yani haa laaɓi, caggal nde tergal e fedde makko hawri e yimɓe konu. Fela e ɓesngu mum piyi, njuppaa, yumma mum mawɗo, daraniiɗo politik e yumma mum sosɗo Chief Funmilayo Ransome Kuti, werlaa e windo. Ɗum addani mo gaañiiɓe no feewi, haa arti noon e maayde makko. Fela caggal ɗuum nawti kees to galle hooreejo leydi ndii e oon sahaa to Dodan Barracks to Lagos ngam salaade ƴaañde laamu nguu e politik. Politik caggal leydi Hooreejo leydi Amerik biyeteeɗo Jimmy Carter ina wondi e Obasanjo e njillu mum to leydi Najeriya e hitaande 1978 Obasanjo ina yiɗi tabitinde leydi Najeriya no ardorde mawnde e nder Afrik nii, e nder laamu makko, doole mum e nder duunde nde ɓeydiima. O ummini dabare Gowon ngam waɗugo julde ɗiɗaɓre nder duuniyaaru ngam naalankaaku e pinal ɓaleeɓe e afriknaajo haa lesdi Naajeeriya; ɗum waɗi ko to Lagos e lewru feebariyee 1977, hay so tawii noon ñaawooɓe nder leydi ndii mbiyi ko ɗum huunde nde alaa ko nafata. Obasanjo hokkii ɗuuɗal teddungal dow Dental Faggudu lesɗe Afrik Hirnaange (ECOWAS) nden o mettini ɗuuɗɓe nder terɗe maako ɗemngal Farayse ɓaawo o wi'i, bana no Naajeeriya ɓuri wallugo ceede ngam hukuuma kan, Naajeeriya foti jaɓɓaago hukuumaaji pamari ɗin haa Lagos. Jokkondiral e Ganaa ɓadiiɗo kadi ustii ; e hitaande 1979, leydi Nijeer taƴii petroŋ e nder leydi ndii ngam salaade warngooji luulndiiɓe politik ɗi laamu kesu ngu Jerry Rawlings wari. E laamu Obasanjo, Naajeeriya ustii jokkondiral mum juutngal e leydi Angalteer, ɓeydi jokkondirde e leyɗeele dentuɗe Amerik. Obasanjo ina yiɗi laamu hooreejo leydi Amerik biyeteeɗo Jimmy Carter, cuɓaaɗo e hitaande 1976, sabu Carter ina joginoo darnde tiiɗnde ngam tabitinde laamu ɓurngu heewde e Afrik worgo. Ambasadeer Carter to leydi Nijeer, hono Andrew Young, waɗii sehilaagal tiiɗngal e Obasanjo, Carter yilliima leydi Nijeer e hitaande 1978. Kono tan, kuulal ngam waylude alkule ɗee waɗiraa ko ngam dalillaaji laaɓtuɗi, wonaa miijooji ; yiytude petroŋ e nder maayo worgo firti ko Angalteer wontii ƴaañoowo wonaa soodoowo petroŋ Nijeer.Laamu Obasanjo kadi ina mettini heen no feewi nde Angalteer salii yoɓde Gowon, ina sikka wonde laamu Angalteer ina waawi wonde e kuudetaa mo Murtala waɗi. Ngam ɗeeɗoo hujjaaji, e hitaande 1976 nde miijii dartinde jokkondiral dipolomaasi e Angalteer, kono haa jooni nde dartinaani. Obasanjo noon saliima yahde Angalteer, o semmbini ardiiɓe makko waɗde ɗum. Jokkondiral ngal ɓeydii bonde nde Margaret Thatcher wonti gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi Angalteer e hitaande 1979, o fuɗɗii waɗde feere ɓurnde welde e njuɓɓudi laamu ɓaleeɓe tokosɓe to Rodesi e Afrik worgo. E nder jaabawol ngol, Naajeeriya nanngi laanawol ndiyam lesdi Naajeeriya, ngol ɓe tammi ɗon nastina petrol Naajeeriya haa lesdi Naajeeriya, ɓe haɗi hukuumaaji pamari Biritaniya ngam heɓugo kuuɗe Naajeeriya, ɓe nastini kuuɗe BP haa lesdi Naajeeriya. Obasanjo ina yiɗi kadi yaawnaade joofnude laamu ɓaleeɓe tokosɓe e nder Afrik worgo ; e wiyde Iliffe, ɗum wonti « cakkital politik makko caggal leydi ». Naajeeriya hokki ballal ngam haɓugo bee laamu daneeji nder diiwal ngal, hokki hukuumaaji pamari ɗi'i uddita birooji haa Lagos, nden hokki hukuumaaji pamari ɗin ɗon hokka mooɓgal feere-feere dogguɓe laamuuji lesdi Afrika fombinaari. E ƴettude peeje tiiɗɗe ngam haɓaade laamu apartaayd to Afrik worgo, Obasanjo hollitii wonde Nijeer naatataa e Olimpiyaaji 1976 sabu leydi Nuwel Selannde, tawtoraaɗo kawgel ngel, ina joginoo jokkondiral e Afrik worgo, leydi ndi haɗaa tawtoreede kawgel ngel sabu apartaayd. E hitaande 1977, Obasanjo haɗi kala kontraaji jokkondirɗi e Afrik worgo golloraade e nder leydi Nijeer ; sosiyateeji mawɗi ɗi njippii ɗii ko petroŋ Angalteer e Banke Barclays. E ndeen hitaande kadi, leydi Nijeer yuɓɓinii batu Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe ngam haɓaade apartaayd to Lagos, Obasanjo yilliima Amerik e lewru oktoobar ɗo o wiyi leydi ndii yo woppu yeeyde kaɓirɗe to Afrik worgo. Nde o woni nder leydi ndi'i o wolwi haa kawtal hoore lesdi ndi'i nden asaweeje ɗiɗi ɓaawo man Naajeeriya heɓi jooɗorde nder kawtal lesdi ndi'i. Fiilde Margaret Thatcher e hitaande 1979 ngam wonde gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi Angalteer, addani jokkondiral Angalteer e Niiseer bonnude ; Obasanjo miijii ko o yurmeende no feewi e laamuuji daneeji tokoosi e nder Afrik worgo Luulndaade laamu ɓaleeɓe tokosɓe e nder leydi Rodesi, addaniino hare Bush e nder leydi Rodesi, laamu Obasanjo ina jokki e wiyde wonde ko hare balɗe tan woni feere ngam foolde laamu Rodesi. O hirjinii ngootaagu hakkunde pelle ceertuɗe luulndiiɗe laamu toon, o wiyi Robert Mugabe, hooreejo ZANU, yo jaɓ ardaade luulndiiɗo makko, hono Joshua Nkomo mo ZAPU. E hitaande 1977, Angalteer e Amerik ciifi eɓɓaaɗe ngam waylude laamu ɓurngu heewde e Rodesi, e nder yonta mo leydi ndii woni e les njiimaandi doole Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe. Obasanjo jaɓii eɓɓaande ndee, o yilliima Tansani, Sammbi, Mosammbik, e Republiik Demokaratik Konngo ngam wiyde laamuuji mum en yo mbaɗ noon. Kono caggal nde Thatcher wonti gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi Angalteer, leydi Nijeer woɗɗitii hoore mum e darnde Angalteer ngam haɗde wolde Bush Rhodesian, o woppitaa kala darnde teeŋtunde e nder golle ɗe Angalteer waɗi, ɗe ngaddani wooteeji demokaraasi ɗi leƴƴi keewɗi mbaɗi e hitaande... Ko o hooreejo leydi, Obasanjo tawtoraama batuuji OAU. E oon sahaa yuɓɓinaa e lewru sulyee 1977, o eɓɓi sosde goomu jooɗiiɗo ngam haɓaade luural hakkunde leyɗeele jeyaaɗe e OAU. E batu 1978, o jeertinii wonde banngeeji ɗiɗi ɗii fof ina poti naatde e wolde huuɓtodinnde. E nder batu garoowo oo, o wiyi yo konu Pan-Afriknaajo sose, baawɗo waɗde golle ngam hisnude jam e nder duunde he. Ngam ɓamtuki darnde lesdi Naajeeriya nder duuniyaaru, Obasanjo nasti nder kuuɗe feere-feere ɗe lesdi Naajeeriya nder Afrika fuu. E hitaande 1977, o heɓtinii Benin e Togo yoo ndartin luural hakkunde keeri mum en, nguddita keeri mum en. O etinooma kadi haɓaade luural hakkunde leyɗeele keewɗe Fuɗnaange Afrik, o haɗa ɗum kadi ruttaade e Dental Fuɗnaange Afrik, kono o dañii heen caɗeele. Ko o hooreejo goomu jokkondire OAU, o etinooma jokkondire Ogaden hakkunde Ecoppi e Somali kono kadi o dañaani. O waawaano kadi feewnude luural peeñngal hakkunde Angalteer e leydi Konngo. E innde OAU, Obasanjo waɗii batu to Kano ngam haɓaade hare hakkunde leyɗeele Caad. Feddeeji keewɗi njaɓii darnude wolde, sosde laamu ngootaagu ngenndi, e accude konu leydi Najeriya ina waɗa jam. Hare nden noon jokki, Naajeeriya jaabtii e taƴde petroŋ mum to Caad. Koolol ɗiɗmol ko faati e hare ndee waɗii to Lagos e lewru ut 1979, ɗum addani laamu nguu sosde laamu nguu, ngu juutaani. E hitaande sakkitiinde e laamu makko konu, o ardii golle OAU ngam safrude wolde Saharaa hirnaange. Jaltugol laamu Laamu militeer en hawri ko e goomu ƴettugol doosɗe leydi ngam ƴettude doosgal kesal potngal huutoreede e nder mbayliigu laamu siwil. Goomu nguu hollitii wonde Naajeeriya ina foti waylude laamu mum, ngu tuugii ko e laamu parlemaa leydi Angalteer, ngu tuugnii e laamu hooreejo leydi Amerik, ɗo hooreejo leydi gooto cuɓaaɗo woni hooreejo leydi e hooreejo laamu. Ngam haɗude oo hooreejo leydi wontude diktatoor, hono no waɗirnoo e nokkuuji goɗɗi e nder Afrik nii, o ɗaɓɓi ƴeewndorɗe keewɗe e doole maɓɓe, haa arti noon e njuɓɓudi fedde nde, ɗo juɓɓule cuɓaaɗe keertiiɗe ngoni ɗoo e to bannge fedde, to bannge dowri, to bannge nokkuuji. Eɓɓaande doosgal leydi ndii yaltinaa ko e lewru oktoobar 1976, nde yeewtidaa e yeeso yimɓe fof e hitaande aroore ndee.Asamblee doosgal leydi hawri ngam yeewtidde e eɓɓaande doosgal leydi ndii e lewru oktoobar 1977. Asaambele leydi ndii ina jokki e ƴeewde hol darnde nde sariya sharia rokkata e nder doosgal leydi ndii. Obasanjo noddii dental ngal, o jeertini ɓe batte kuulal ngal ɓe mbaɗi e renndo, o wiyi ɓe yo ɓe ƴettu jikkuuji ɓurɗi moƴƴude. E lewru suwee 1978, Diiso toowngo konu (Conseil suprême militaire) habri doosɗe leydi kese ɗee ; nde waɗiino waylooji keewɗi e mbaydi ndi asaambele doosgal leydi ndii ƴetti. Yanti e doosgal kesal ngal, Obasanjo itti haɗde lanndaaji politik. Ndeen pelle keewɗe mbaɗii ngam tawtoreede wooteeji garooji ɗii, ko ɓuri teeŋtude heen ko lannda ngootaagu Yoruba, lannda yimɓe Naajeeriya, e lannda ngenndiijo Naajeeriya. Obasanjo mettini heen no feewi nde tawnoo heewɓe e dawriyankooɓe ina mbaɗa fodoore nde ɓe mbaawataa ɗooftaade. Woote ɗee mbaɗi ko e nder lewru sulyee e lewru ut 1979. Wootooɓe ɓee ina pamɗi, ko hakkunde 30 e 40% e wootooɓe winnditiiɓe e sariya, tee ina waɗi fenaande banngeeji keewɗi, hay so tawii noon ko jam. Wonno ko jeewte ko fayti e hol keɓɗo woote hooreleydaagu, Obasanjo salii ñaawde, o wiyi yo Komisariyaa woote ƴetta oon darnde.Ɓe kollitii wonde Shehu Shagari woni keɓɗo, huunde nde gardiiɗo ɗiɗaɓo oo, hono Obafemi Awolowo, luulndii to Ñaawirde Toownde, tawi o dañaani heen nafoore. Shagari ƴetti laamu ko e lewru oktoobar 1979 ; e nder kewu udditgol makko, Obasanjo rokki Shagari koppi doosgal leydi kesal. Ko ɗum woni fuɗɗoode Republique ɗiɗaɓere leydi Najeriya. Darnde Obasanjo nder wartirki lesdi Naajeeriya haa laamu siwil, ɗum laatoto darnde woore nde o jogi nder duuɓi cappanɗe ɗiɗi garooji. Kono yimɓe heewɓe e nder leydi ndii e caggal leydi, ina jeyaa heen hooreejo leydi Zambie, hono Kenneth Kaunda e hooreejo leydi Togo, hono Gnassingbé Eyadéma, ina ɗaɓɓi e makko yo o heddo e laamu. Jaɓde makko wallitde Awolowo, banndiiko Yoruba, addani mo gaño ko heewi e elite Yoruba. Awolowo tuumi Obasanjo ko kanko woni orkestraaji Shagari, huunde nde Obasanjo yeddi no feewi. Ko adii laamu (1979-1999) Ko adii nde o yaltata laamu, e lewru abriil 1979, Obasanjo ƴetti hoore mum e darnde seneraal ; ko o seneraal koode nay o jokki e heɓde njoɓdi dowla. Nde o woppi golle e lewru oktoobar, o arti Abeokuta. Caggal nde o waɗi kursus jonte jeegom to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde heblo ndema, Obasanjo ƴetti hoore mum e ndema, omo ɗaminii waɗde yeru e hirjinde ƴellitaare ndema. O heɓi ko famɗi fof 230 ektaar leydi to Ota ngam sosde ngesa makko, o naati ɗoon e galle ngesa birik. Wonno ko gaññeeje nokkuyankooje e dañde leydi ndi haa heewi, ñaawirɗe keewɗe ngaddaama e makko sabu ɗuum. Golle makko ndema yuɓɓinaama e fedde makko wiyeteende Temperance, caggal ɗuum o inniri ɗum « Obasanjo’s Farms Limited ». O waɗti heen hakkille teeŋtuɗo e ndema colli ; e cakkital kitaale 1980, ngesa makko ina ɓuuɓna 140 000 cukalel e yontere. O sosi kadi gese e nder gure goɗɗe to bannge worgo-fuɗnaange, e hitaande 1987 gese makko ina njogii ko ina tolnoo e 400 gollotooɗo e nokkuuji jeetati. Hono no yimɓe Yoruba woɗɓe lolluɓe nii, Obasanjo ina wallitnoo almudɓe miskineeɓe to duɗal makko ɓooyngal to Abeokuta. Obasanjo ɓeydii ñiŋde laamu siwil Shagari, o wiyi hooreejo leydi ndii ina famɗi semmbe, ina ŋakkiraa peeje. Naajeeriya nasti nder ɓillaaji faggudu ngam waylaaki coggu petrol nder duuniyaaru. E lewru mee 1983, mawɓe konu ɗaɓɓiri Obasanjo nde ƴettata laamu leydi ndii kadi, kono o salii. E lewru desaambar, ɓe liɓi Shagari tawi Obasanjo alaa heen, e nder kuudetaa mo yiyaani fitinaaji seeɗa. Muhammadu Buhari laati hooreejo lesdi sooje'en keso. Obasanjo fuɗɗii wallugo laamu Buhari, o wi'i demokaraasi wakiili'en ɗon ƴaɓɓitoo haa lesdi Naajeeriya. O yetti Buhari ngam haɓugo bee cemmbiɗinki lesdi, o ɗon mari feccere nder nastirde lesdi, nden o ɗon wartira budget booɗɗum. E lewru ut 1985, Buhari kadi liɓaama, hooreejo konu Ibraahiima Babangida ƴetti laamu. Obasanjo ina ñiŋa won e peeje faggudu ɗe Babangida waɗi, haa arti noon e ustude njoɓdi naira. E hitaande 1992, luulndaare makko e laamu Babangida addani mo noddude yo leydi Najeriya artire demokaraasi. O fuɗɗii kadi salaade politikaaji faggudu (indigenisation) e kitaale 1970, o wiyi doosɗe leydi ina poti haɗde ƴettugol jawdi caggal leydi. E nder ɗuum, o sikki laamu nguu ina foti teeŋtinde ƴellitaare nde laamu nguu ardii. O ɓeydii hulɓinaade ko ɓeydagol yimɓe, toɓɓere nde o yejjitaani nde o woni e laamu, o wiyi Naajeeriyankooɓe yo njogo ɓesnguuji tokoosi "ngam nafoore faggudu maɓɓe e renndo-faggudu ngenndi". E nder duuɓi sappo e go’o caggal nde Obasanjo woppi laamu, o yaltinii defte nay. E hitaande 1980, Obasanjo wonnoo ko tedduɗo to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Ibadan, ɗo o winndi deftere wiyeteende My Command, daartol ko faati e geɗe makko e nder wolde hakkunde leyɗeele ; nde yalti ko e lewru noowammbar ndeen hitaande. Won e janngooɓe ñiŋii ko ɓe njiyri ko Obasanjo ina ŋakkira Murtala Muhammed, Robert Adeyinka Adebayo, mawɗo politik Yoruba, wiyi yo deftere ndee yaltine ngam haɗde nde aawde feccere. Ƴeewirde ɓurnde moƴƴude ndee waɗi ko sehil makko, hono Ken Saro-Wiwa, o innitiri ɗum masterly kono o sikki ko ɗum waɗi ballal rewindaade no feewi. E hitaande 1987, o yaltini Nzeogwu, deftere ciimtol sehil makko Chukwuma Nzeogwu, mo o gollodtonoo to Konngo. Hitaande 1989, deftere Obasanjo yaltini, wiyeteende Doosgal leydi ngam naatgol e ƴellitaare, nde o jeertini e hujjaaji Babangida ngam sosde laamu lanndaaji ɗiɗi e nder leydi Najeriya. E hitaande 1990, deftere makko tataɓere, wiyeteende Not my volonté yalti. Nde rokki ciimtol sahaa nde o laaminoo leydi ndii. Golle hakkunde leyɗeele: 1979-1993 E hitaande 1986 Obasanjo jokkondiri e Nelson Manndelaa. O hollitii wonde "ko kawral ngal meeɗaa yejjiteede. Mi yiyii e [Mandelaa] Afriknaajo worgo, ko Afriknaajo tigi rigi, kadi ko gardiiɗo winndere mo alaa ko woni e mum. O ɓuri ardiiɓe ɓe min kawri e mum en e nder Afrik worgo ɓee fof." E yiɗde jogaade semmbe e dingiral winnderewal, Obasanjo udditi Fedde Ardorde Afrik e nder ngesa mum Ota. Tuggi 1981 haa 1982, o jooɗiima kadi e Komiseer Palme, fedde nde gonnooɗo gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi Suwed, hono Olof Palme ardii, yeewtidnde ko fayti e ustude kaɓirɗe e kisal winndere. Obasanjo rewi heen ko e jeyeede e goomuuji nannduɗi e ɗii ɗoo, wonande Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe, Fedde Adunaare Cellal, e Goomu hakkunde-leyɗeewu ardiiɓe laamuuji ɓooyɗi. Nde Javier Pérez de Cuéllar, hooreejo Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe rafi, Obasanjo hiisetee ko potɗo lomtaade mo. Caggal nde Pérez de Cuéllar holliti woppii laamu, Obasanjo fuɗɗii kampaañ ngam lomtaade mo. E woote Goomu Kisal Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe, o woni tataɓo, tawi ko Boutros Boutros-Ghali, Ejiptnaajo, ƴetti darnde ndee. O yalti galle makko e njilluuji keewɗi; e hitaande 1986 o yilliima Japon, e hitaande 1987 o yilliima U.S. E nder luural hakkunde leyɗeele dentuɗe Amerik ngam yiɗde ɓurde yooɗde e Afrik worgo, nanondiraama wonde fedde wiyeteende Eminent Persons Group (EPG) ina sosee ngam fuɗɗoraade kaaldigal e laamu Afrik worgo ngam wallitde ɗum e ustude apartaayd. E dow wasiyaaji cukko hooreejo leydi Naajeeriya, hono Emeka Anyaoku, Obasanjo suɓaama ngam ardaade fedde nde e wonndude e gonnooɗo gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi Ostarali, hono Malcolm Fraser. Obasanjo jaɓi e dow fenaande. E lewru feebariyee 1986, kanko e Fraser ɓe njahi to wuro wiyeteengo Cape Town ɗo ɓe naamndii ngam hawritde e Nelson Manndelaa, daraniiɗo apartaayd, tergal mawngal e nder fedde wiyeteende Congres National Africaine (ANC) haɗaande. Ko Obasanjo tan yamiraa jokkondirde e Manndelaa ; o wiyi caggal ɗuum wonde omo weltii e makko no feewi. Ndeen Obasanjo hawrii e mawɓe ANC wonɓe e egguɓe to Lusaka. E lewru marse 1986, EPG oo fof yilliima Afrik worgo, e nder yonta mo jiiɓru e fitinaaji nder galleeji ɓeydii mawnude.Ko ɗoon ɓe kawri e mawɓe laamu nguu, ina jeyaa heen gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi ndii hono P. W. Botha, mo Obasanjo siftini caggal ɗuum wonde ko neɗɗo ɓurɗo muñde mo meeɗaa hawrude. Ciimtol EPG ngol hollitii wonde, so tawii ko ɓuri heewde e yimɓe Afrik worgo ina njiɗi nanondiral ngal alaa ko bonnata hakkunde laamu nguu e pelle luulndiiɗe apartaayd, gadano oo yiɗaa miijaade ɗum, tee alaa ko yahri yeeso no feewi ngam joofnude apartaayd. EPG noon hollitii wonde ina haani ɓeydaade tiiɗnaade e nder winndere ndee. Goomu Commonwealth jaɓii ko ciimtol ngol holliti, tawi Angalteer ina luulndii ɗum ; ɗum addani Obasanjo ɓeydaade mettinde Thatcher. Ndeen Commonwealth yamirii mo yo o ardo goomu ngam yuurnitaade ko Dowlaaji Dentuɗi ɗii poti daranaade koye mum en e njiimaandi Afrik worgo. Caggal nde Botha lomtinaa F. W. de Klerk, ooɗoo ɗiɗaɓo yaltini Manndelaa kasoo. Ina jeyaa e ɗanle Mandelaa gadane caggal leydi, to Niiseer, ɗo o yilli Obasanjo to galle mum. Lebbi ɗiɗi caggal ɗuum, Obasanjo ardii delegaasiyoŋ Najeriya to Afrik worgo ngam yeewtidde e yimɓe mawɓe politik. E lewru suwee 1991, o yilliima kadi, o wiyi hooreejo Zulu en, hono Mangosuthu Buthelezi, yo waɗ kaaldigal e pelle goɗɗe ngam wallitde dartinde apartaayd e waɗde woote timmuɗe. Obasanjo kadi golliima e ƴellitaare nokkuuji goɗɗi e nder Afrik. O yilliima Angalteer laabi ɗiɗi e nder hitaande 1988, o wallitii e darnde ngam joofnude wolde hakkunde leyɗeele toon. O yilliima kadi Sudaan laabi tati hakkunde 1987 e 1989, tawi o dañaani heen nafoore, o hirjinii kaaldigal ngam joofnude wolde ɗiɗmere Sudaan. Ndeen o wonii ƴeewoowo e wooteeji gardagol leydi Mosammbik e hitaande 1994. E hitaande 1994 e 1995, o yilliima Burundi, o golliima ngam deeƴnude caɗeele hakkunde leƴƴi Hutu en e Tutsi en. O fuɗɗinooma noddude jokkondiral ɓurngal ɓadaade e nder Afrik, o wiyi ɗum ina waawi heɓtineede e sosde feddeeji jeegom diiwaanuuji. E lewru suwee 1987, o ƴettiino peeje ngam yuɓɓinde Fedde Ardorde Afrik, nde wallitta rokkude karallaagal e heblo wonande politikaaji ummoriiɗi e duunde he kala. Nde fuɗɗii waɗde batuuji, anndiraaɗi « Dialogues de la maison de la ferme » , gila e galle Obasanjo fotde laabi jeegom e nder hitaande. Kadi nde waɗii batuuji winndereeji kala lewru, nde yaltinii jaaynde kala lewru, wiyeteende “Forum Afrique” hakkunde 1991 e 1993. Haɓde e Abacha: 1992-1995 Obasanjo hollitii kulhuli mum, sibu, hay so tawii o wiyi ina wallita gartugol demokaraasi, Babangida alaa ko anniyaaki so wonaa woppude laamu konu. Caggal nde wooteeji gardagol leydi ndi ndarnaa e hitaande 1992, Obasanjo e Anthony Enahoro ndarni fedde ngam demokaraasi e laamu moƴƴu e nder leydi Najeriya. Joɗnde adannde fedde ndee hawri ko e 31 neɗɗo politik nder leydi to Ota e lewru mee 1993. Wooteeji mbaɗi caggal ɗuum e lewru suwee 1993, tawi yimɓe seeɗa tawtoraama. Moshood Abiola mo lannda Social Democratic (SDP) heɓi, kono Babangida ndeen woppii njeñtudi woote ɗee, fodaniino woote ɗiɗmere ko ɓooyaani. SDP salii kala woote ɗiɗmere nde tawnoo ɓe mbiyi ko kanndidaa maɓɓe heɓiino woote gadane ɗee. Ndeen Babangida jaɓii woppude laamu ngam suɓaade laamu siwil jooɗiiɗo, ngu Ernest Shonekan ardii, ngu heɓi laamu e lewru ut 1993, ngu ƴetti peeje ngam waɗde wooteeji kesi e lewru feebariyee 1994. Seneraal Sani Abacha siftinii gooto e gorko gooto, mo wondude e do-gooders woɗɓe, eɓɓi ñaamde wumre ndee. Heddiiɓe ɓee mbayliima tan, oo Samariyanke nannduɗo e moƴƴo [...] arti ngam ƴettude pot suukara e juuɗe wumre ndee ngam hoore mum. Kadi, ko ɓuri heewde e men Nijeernaaɓe, ko en ƴeewooɓe, en mbeltiima. E nder kala sababuuji, ŋakkaani tawtoraaɓe e ñaamde ndee. Kadi ɓe ngoppaani batte moraal. — Obasanjo, e dow kuudetaa Sani Abacha, hitaande 1994 E oon sahaa, Sani Abacha tiiɗtinii doole mum e konu, e lewru noowammbar 1993, o felliti Shonekan yo woppu laamu, o acci hoore makko ƴettude laamu. Obasanjo noddiino Abacha ko adii kuudetaa oo, ina ñaagii ɗum nde woppataa ngalɗoo laawol. Caggal nde Abacha heɓti laamu, o wiyi Obasanjo yo jokkondir e makko. Ko sakkitii koo waɗii, kono salii wallitde laamu Abacha haa nde anndini ñalngu ngu yaltata e hoore mum. Ndeen Abacha momtii lanndaaji politik gonɗi ɗii e juɓɓule demokaraasiije, o noddi politikaaji ummoriiɗi e nokkuuji ceertuɗi yo naata e Diisnondiral makko Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe ; Obasanjo salii toɗɗaade hay gooto e ndeeɗoo diiso. Obasanjo fuɗɗi jeertinde wonde Naajeeriya ina yahra e wolde hakkunde leyɗeele woɗnde e nder feccere leƴƴi, e lewru mee 1994 kanko e Yar'Adua ɓe ndarni fedde wiyeteende National Unity Promoters, fedde daraniinde haɗde ndeeɗoo feere. E lewru Juko, Abiola anndini hoore mum hooreejo lesdi Naajeeriya, nden o nanngaama ngam janfa. Hay so tawii Obasanjo saliima jaɓde haala Abiola, o wasiyiima Abacha nde woppataa ɗum. Ndeen o ardiima fedde ardiiɓe aadaaji e batu ngu ɓe ndarni ngam fuɗɗoraade kaaldigal hakkunde Abacha e Abiola. Jaɓugo maako wallugo Abiola mettini Yoruba'en ɗuuɗɓe, jawdi Obasanjo haa lesdi Yoruba'en ɗon ƴama.Obasanjo mettini bee ko o yi'i bana jukkungo ngam o wallitaako nafuuda sectari'en Yoruba'en. E lewru marse 1995, Obasanjo ina wonnoo to leydi Danemark ngam tawtoreede batu Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe ngam ɓamtaare renndo to Kopenhag. Nde o woni ton, o nani Yar'Adua nanngaama, malla o heɓan bana non to o warti Naajeeriya. O wiyi noon o wiyi alaa ko o waɗi, o felliti hootde. Waɗi sahaa gooto to Aeroport Lagos, passport makko nanngaa, janngo mum, polis ƴetti mo e galle makko Ota. Polis tuumi Obasanjo ina jokkondiri e kuudetaa mo Abacha waɗi, mo kolonel Lawan Gwadabe yuɓɓini. Obasanjo nawtaama hakkunde nokkuuji deentorɗi ceertuɗi, tawi gonnooɗo hooreejo leydi Amerik hono Carter e hoore mum jokkondirii e Abacha ngam ɗaɓɓude yo Obasanjo woppe. Ndeen Obasanjo artiraama to Ota, o waɗtaa e kasoo fotde lebbi ɗiɗi, e nder ɗuum o haɗaama heɓde jaayɗe, telefoŋ, walla njilluuji. Goɗɗo e tuumaaɗo wonde ina jeyaa e kuudetaa oo, hono Kolonel RSB Bello-Fadile, awokaa konu, ina wondi e caɗeele, e nder ɗuum o siifondiri e bayyinaango wonde o yahiino to Ota ngam humpitaade Obasanjo ko fayti e kuudetaa oo no woniri e peewnugol. Ɗum huutoraama ngam seedeeji ngam ñaawde Obasanjo e suuɗde fenaande, ko ɗum huunde nde sariyaaji leydi Najeriya mbaɗi.Ndeen o nawaama to nokku naamne kisal leydi ndii to Ikoyi. Abacha wiyi yo Obasanjo ñaawe e yeeso ñaawirdu konu, ñaawirdu nduu waɗi ñalnde 19 suwee 1995. E nder ñaawoore ndee, Obasanjo yedditii wonde RSB Bello-Fadile meeɗaa hawrude e makko. RSB Bello-Fadile kadi hollitii wonde o siifondirii e bayyinaango ngo Obasanjo jogori waɗde e dow doole, kono ñaawirdu nduu saliima ndeeɗoo ruttaade. Ñalnde 14 sulyee, ñaawirde ndee ñaawi Obasanjo duuɓi 25 kasoo ; Yar'Adua e woɗɓe sappo e nayo kadi tuumaaɗo wonde e nder fedde nde, ñaawaama warngo.Obasanjo caggal ɗuum noddi ɗum "ñalngu mum ɓurngu mettude". Caggal nde hooreejo leydi Amerik biyeteeɗo Bill Clinton holliti wonde leydi mum ina jogori haɗde petroŋ leydi Naajeeriya so tawii ɗeen warngooji mbaɗii, Abacha wayli ñaawoore maɓɓe, o ustii ñaawoore Obasanjo haa duuɓi 15. Kasoo: 1995-1998 Obasanjo waɗi lebbi nay garooji ɗii ko e nokku biyeteeɗo Ikoyi Centre, ɗo o fuɗɗii nanngeede e nder kasoo gooto. Ndeen o nawaama to kasoo mawɗo Lagos, Kirikiri, ɗo o woni e opitaal kasoo ngam rafi hipertension e jabet. Sarɗiiji Kirikiri ina keewi, ina ŋakki, Obasanjo wiyi wonde « yiɗaa ɗum e gaño am ɓurɗo bonde ». Ko ɗoon RSB Bello-Fadile ñaagii Obasanjo yaafuya sabu mum ƴattaade ɗum, Obasanjo yaafni ɗum. Ndeen winndannde nde RSB Bello-Fadile winndi ngam humpitaade ngonka kaa, yaltinaama e kasoo, yaltinaa, wallitii hollirde wonde Obasanjo alaa ko o waɗi. Caggal jonte keewɗe, Obasanjo e woɗɓe tuumaaɓe waɗde fedde ndee, njaltinaama to kasoo Jos to diiwaan hakkundeejo, to diiwaan Plateau ɗo ɓe ngoni lebbi keewɗi. Obasanjo fuɗɗinoo hokkaama tan ko Biibal e Quraana ngam janngude, kono seeɗa-seeɗa o acci binndi ɓurɗi yaajde. Binndol kadi ina rokka mo, ina addana mo jokkondirde e yimɓe e juɓɓule ceertuɗe, haa jooni Stella ina jaɓa yillaade mo lewru kala laawol gootol. Mandelaa e Pape Jean Paul II fof noddii yo o woppe, tawi noon sosiyeteeji Inndo e Almaañ fof ina ndokki mo njeenaaje winndereeje.Forum ardorde Afrik yaltinii defte ɗiɗi ɓataakeeji e binndanɗe binndaaɗe ngam teddinde mo ; Forum oo e hoore mum dogiino ummoraade Accra to Ganaa ngam daɗde e tooñanngeeji laamu Abacha. E fuɗɗoode hitaande 1996, Obasanjo ummiima Jos, fayti e kasoo ɓurɗo woɗɗude to Yola, to diiwaan Adamawa. Ko ɗoon o jaɓaa remde gesa.[194] Obasanjo hollitii wonde e nder kasoo o ɓeydii luggiɗde e goonɗinal makko e Kerecee’en, o ɓadtii Alla,[194] o wonti Kerecee’en jibinaaɗo.[195] Gila ndeen, diine kerecee en ina joginoo darnde ɓurnde mawnude e nder yi’annde makko aduna. To Yola, o waajii 28 waaju yontere kala caggal nde jaagorɗe njilluuji ndartinaa e wakkati seeɗa. O winndi ɗeen waajuuji, o acci ɗi njaltina nde o yalti.[195] Obasanjo kadi etinooma moƴƴinde yoga e sukaaɓe kasoo, rewrude e yahrude yeeso maɓɓe nde o wonti neɗɗo dimo.[196] Obasanjo hulii wonde maa o tooke, haa teeŋti noon e nder haalaaji renndo wonde maayde Yar'adua ko tooke anniya.[197] Abacha sankii ɗoon e ɗoon e lewru suwee 1998, caggal ɗuum komanndaaji konu nguu toɗɗii Seneraal Major Abdulsalaami Abubakar lomto makko. Yontere caggal mum, Abubakar yamiri yo Obasanjo woppe, o neldi laana ndiwoowa ngam artirde mo to Ota.[197] E yiɗde wartirde leydi Naajeeriya e laamu siwil, Abubakar fusi lanndaaji e juɓɓule leydi ndi gonɗe heen ɗee, o anndini peeje ɗe ngaddanta hooreejo leydi siwil toɗɗaade e lewru mee 1999.[198] Kampaañ ngam suɓaade hooreejo leydi : 1998-1999 Jooni ko o neɗɗo dimo, Obasanjo yahiino Afrik worgo, Angalteer, e Amerik, ɗo o safraa.[199] Lanndaaji politik kesi ina mbaɗa e nder leydi Najeriya, gooto e ɓurɓe mawnude e majji ko lannda Demokaraasi Leƴƴi (PDP), fedde nde yiɗnoo ko yaajde no feewi, so tawii ko e laamu, nde haɗata kuudetaaji garooji.[199] Terɗe PDP mawɗe ndartinii Obasanjo ngam wonde kanndidaa hooreejo leydi. Ɓe cikkatnoo ko omo waawi yamirde teddungal winnderewal, kadi ko o neɗɗo militeer, omo waawi jogaade leydi ndii e dow kuudetaaji garooji e dille seertuɗe. Ɓe mbi'i kadi Naajeeriya ɗon mari haaje hooreejo lesdi fombina ngam foondugo ardungal maako arandewal haa woyla, nden Obasanjo holli hoore maako bana fombina mo walaa ƴamol dow fombina.[200] Sehilaaɓe e ɓesngu ina mbiya yo o dog, mbiyi o bonnat innde makko moƴƴere walla o wara. Obasanjo hollitii wonde o saliima, kono ñalnde 28 lewru nduu o naati e lannda PDP, yontere caggal ɗuum o hollitii wonde o woni ko e waɗde hoore makko ngam wonde kanndidaa hooreejo lannda ka.[201] E nder kampaañ makko, o teeŋtinii yiɗde makko artirde ko o sikki ko ndonu laamu moƴƴu nde o yalti e laamu e hitaande 1979.[202] E nder dingiral mooftugol kaalis, o dañii N356 miliyoŋ, heen N120 miliyoŋ ko njulaagu Aliko Dangote rokki ɗum. Ko ɓuri heewde e ɗeen dokke ummorii ko e worɓe militeer en e njuɓɓudi njulaagu kesiri.[202] O yilliima leydi ndii, o waɗii konnguɗi e ɗaɓɓude heɗtiiɓe e yimɓe teeŋtuɓe ; ƴamde guwerneeruuji dowlaaji ko huunde maantiniinde e mbaadi makko.[203] Kampaañ makko ina ɓuuɓna kampaañ makko mawɗo, hono Alex Ekwueme, mo yimɓe worgo e konu nguu ngoongɗinaani no feewi.[204] 7mgjzmczn9uf357hs57te3g9brt4w4u 175776 175765 2026-06-22T20:21:31Z Ilya Discuss 10103 #1Lib1Ref 175776 wikitext text/x-wiki Mawɗo Olusegun Matthew Okikiola Ogunboye Aremu Obasanjo GCFR (// C; Yoruba: Olúṣẹ́gun Ọbásanjọ́ [ōlúʃɛ́ɡũ̄ ɔ̄básã̄d͡ʒɔ́] R; jibinaa ko c. ndema, e gonnooɗo seneraal konu gonnooɗo hooreejo leydi Naajeeriya gila 1976 haa 1979, caggal ɗuum o woni hooreejo leydi ndii gila 1999 haa 2007. To bannge miijo, ko o ngenndiyanke Naajeeriya, o jeyaa ko e lannda Demokaraasi Leƴƴi (PDP) gila 1998 haa 2019. Obasanjo jibinaa ko e wuro Ibogun-Olaogun, e nder galle remoowo, jeyaaɗo e leñol Owu, Obasanjo janngi ko ɓuri heewde e wuro wiyeteengo Abeokuta, to diiwaan Ogun. O naati konu leydi Naajeeriya, o janngi ko faati e inndeeji, o golliima to Konngo, Angalteer, e Inndo, o arti e darnde Major. E darorɗe kitaale 1960, o waɗii darnde mawnde e haɓaade seernaaɓe Biafra e nder wolde hakkunde leyɗeele Nijeer, o jaɓi dogde e hitaande 1970. E hitaande 1975, kuudetaa konu sosi junta e Obasanjo e nder laamu mum tati. Caggal nde hooreejo triumvirate, hono Murtala Muhammed, waraa e hitaande rewtunde ndee, Diiso toowngo konu toɗɗii Obasanjo hooreejo leydi ndii. Jokkude politik Murtala, Obasanjo ƴeewtindiima taƴgol bidsee e yaajnude jaŋde ekkolaaji ɗi ngalaa njoɓdi. Ɓesdugo hawtuki lesdi Naajeeriya bee lesdi Amerika, o teddini kadi ballal pelle luutndiiɗe laamu ɓaleeɓe pamari nder Afrika woylaare. Obasanjo ɗon mari haaje wartirgo demokaraasi, o ardi woote 1979, ɓaawo man o hokki laamu lesdi Naajeeriya haa hooreejo lesdi siwil keso, Shehu Shagari. Ndeen Obasanjo artii e golle mum to Ota, Ogun, ɗo o wonti demoowo, o yaltini defte nay, o tawtoraama eɓɓooji winndereeji ngam joofnude hareeji Afrik ceertuɗi. E hitaande 1993, Sani Abacha heɓti laamu e kuudetaa konu. Obasanjo ina ñiŋa laamu Abacha e peeñcu, e hitaande 1995 o nanngaa, o ñaawaa wonde o jeyaa ko e kuudetaa peewnaaɗo, hay so tawii o seppii wonde o alaa ella. Nde o woni e kasoo ndee, o wonti Kerecee’en jibinaaɗo, tawi ko providentialism ina tiiɗtini no feewi e yi’annde makko aduna caggal ɗuum. O woppitaama caggal maayde Abacha e hitaande 1998. Obasanjo naati e politik wooteeji, o wonti kanndidaa PDP e wooteeji hooreleydaagu 1999, ɗi o dañi. Ko o hooreejo leydi, o woppi politik militeer en, kamɓe ɗiɗo fof ɓe njaajni polis, ɓe moofti konu ngam haɓaade fitinaaji leƴƴi, diineeji, e seernaaɓe jaajɗi. O itti sooje'en lesdi Naajeeriya diga lesdi Siyeraa Leone, o hokki hukuumaaji pamari feere-feere ngam ustugo ceede lesdi ndi'i. O artiraa e woote 2003. E nder miijooji Pan-Afrik, o woniino daraniiɗo no feewi sosde Dental Afrik, o woniino hooreejo mayre tuggi 2004 haa 2006. Eɓɓooje Obasanjo ngam waylude doosɗe leydi ngam ittude keeri manndaa hooreejo leydi, ɗe njahraani no haanirta nii, ɗe ngaddani ɗum ñiŋooje. Caggal nde o woppi golle, o heɓi doktoraa makko e ganndal diine to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde National Open to leydi Najeriya. Nguurndam gadano Baaba Olusegun Obasanjo, Obasanjo Bankole, jeyaa ko e ardiiɓe hoɗɓe e sosɓe wuro Igbogun Olaogun e fuɗɗoode kitaale 1920. Hay so tawii ko o demoowo keewɗo jawdi, o jom jawdi en, omo hiisee wonde miskiino sabu o jeyaaka e yimɓe jannguɓe e nder leydi Yoruba. Bankole hawri e Bernice Ashabi, njulaagu tokooso to Igbogun, kamɓe ɗiɗo fof ɓe resndi. Ɓeeɗoo ɗiɗo ina njogii ɓiɓɓe ɗiɗo heddiiɓe e nder jeegom : Olusegun e Adunni Oluwola, miñiiko debbo gooto. E wiyde paaspoor makko, Olusegun Obasanjo jibinaa ko ñalnde 5 marse 1937 hay so tawii noon alaa ko winndaa e mum hannde, ñalngu nguu ko limto ɓadiiɗo. Olusegun ko jeyaaɗo e Laamu Owu. O mawni ko e Baptiste. Debbo makko caggal mum naati lislaam ngam resde gorko juulɗo.[9] E duuɓi sappo e go'o, o naati duɗal leslesal wuro ngo,[10] caggal duuɓi tati, e hitaande 1951, o naati duɗal Baptist Day to nokku Owu to Abeokuta.[11] E hitaande 1952 o arti e duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde sukaaɓe Baptist,[12] kadi e nder wuro ngo. Feccere e njoɓdi duɗal makko ko dokke laamu.[13] Obasanjo waɗii ko moƴƴi e jaŋde,[14] e nder duɗal o wonti Boy Scout keewɗo faayiida.[15] Hay so tawii alaa ko holliti wonde e oon sahaa o tawtoraama kala pelle politik,[15] ko e nder duɗal hakkundeewal Obasanjo salii innde makko adannde "Matthew" ngam wonde golle luulndiiɗe koloñaal.[16] E nder ɗuum, baaba Obasanjo woppi debbo mum e sukaaɓe mum ɗiɗo.[17] Nde o yani e baasal, yumma Obasanjo ina foti golloraade njulaagu ngam wuurde.[15] Ngam yoɓugo ceede janngirde maako, Obasanjo ɗon huuwa haa gese kakawo e kola, ɗon ligga, ɗon mooɓa leɗɗe, ɗon sooda ceene mahooɓe. E nder balɗe udditgol duɗal ngal kadi o golliima e duɗal ngal, omo taƴa huɗo e golle juuɗe goɗɗe.[18] E hitaande 1956, Obasanjo waɗi jaŋde mum hakkundeere, caggal nde o ñamli kaalis ngam yoɓde njoɓdi naatgol.[19] E oon hitaande kadi, o fuɗɗii jokkondirde e Oluremi Akinlawon, ɓiy Owu mawɗo station. Ɓe ndarniino dewgal haa hitaande 1958.[20] O yalti duɗal, o fayi Ibadan, o ƴetti golle jannginde. Ko ɗoon o jooɗii e ekzamen naatgol to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Ibadan, kono hay so o jaɓii o tawi o waawaa yoɓde njoɓdi jaŋde.[19] Ndeen Obasanjo fellitii jokkude golle mum e nder konu leydi Najeriya, ngam heɓde ngal gollal, e hitaande 1958 o jaabiima eɓɓoore ngam janngude ofiseeji cadet e nder konu leydi Najeriya.[21][22] Fuɗɗoode golle konu (1958-1966) Heblo konu: 1958-1959 E lewru marse 1958, Obasanjo naati e konu leydi Najeriya.[23] O yi’i ɗum ko fartaŋŋe jokkude jaŋde makko tawa omo heɓa njoɓdi;[24] o humpitaaki ɗoon e ɗoon ɓesngu makko, o hulii wonde jibnaaɓe makko ina njaɓa ɗum.[25] Ko e oon sahaa konu leydi Najeriya ina jokki e juuɗe laamu koloñaal leydi Najeriya, ngam heblude ndimaagu leydi Najeriya timmungu, kadi ina waɗi eɓɓooje ngam heɓde yimɓe leydi Najeriya ɓurɓe heewde e nder darnde konu mum.[25] Ndeen o neldaama to duɗal jaŋde ofiseeji jooɗɗi to Teshie to leydi Gana.[23] Nde o woni caggal leydi, o neldi ɓataakeeji e dokke to jom suudu makko to leydi Najeriya.[20] E lewru suwee 1958, o suɓaa ngam ɓeydaade heblo lebbi jeegom to duɗal Mons Officer Cadet to Aldershot, to fuɗnaange Angalteer. Obasanjo yiɗaa ɗum toon, o sikkatnoo ko ɗum juɓɓule njiyaagu e njiyaagu, o tawi ina saɗi ko jokkondiri e dumunna Engele ɓurɗo toowde e ɓuuɓde.[26] Nde semmbini miijooji makko bonɗi e laamu Biritaan e hakke mum laamaade e dow laamuuji mum koloñaal en.[24] To Mons, o heɓi komisoŋ e seedantaagal to bannge innde. Nde Obasanjo woni to leydi Angalteer, yumma mum maayi. Baaba makko ndeen maayi ko hitaande caggal ɗuum.[27] E hitaande 1959, Obasanjo arti Nijeer. Ko ɗoon o artiraa to Kaduna, o woni subaltern infanterie e bataliyoŋ joyaɓo.[27] Wakkati maako haa Kaduna woni wakkati arandejum nde Obasanjo jooɗi haa nokkure nde juulɓe ɗuuɗi.[27] Ko nde o woni toon, e lewru Oktoobar 1960, leydi Nijeer wonti leydi ndimaagu.[28][22] Kiiriis Konngo: 1960-1961 Ƴeew kadi: Kiriis Konngo Caggal ɗuum seeɗa, bataliyoŋ joyaɓo neldaa to Konngo ngam jeyeede e konu Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe ngam haɓaade jam. Ko ɗoon bataliyoŋ oo woni e nder diiwaan Kivu, tawi ko ɗoon woni Bukavu.[28] To leydi Konngo, Obasanjo e woɗɓe ina njoginoo darnde reende siwil en, haa arti noon e leñol Belsik, e soldateeɓe murtuɓe e laamu Patrice Lumumba.[28] E lewru feebariyee 1961, Obasanjo nanngaa e juuɗe murtuɓe nde o ummotoo e misiyoŋaaji katolik en e nder dingiral sara Bukavu. Mutinooɓe ɓee miijinoo ko warde mo kono ɓe njamiraama yo ɓe njaltu. E lewru mee 1961, bataliyoŋ joyaɓo ummii Konngo, arti Najeriya.[28] E nder wolde nde, o toɗɗaama kapiteen wakkati.[24] O teskiima caggal ɗuum wonde sahaa mo o woni e Konngo oo ina semmbina "fervour pan-africain" bataliyoŋ makko.[28] Gartugol e leydi Konngo: 1961-1966 Nde o arti, Obasanjo soodi oto makko gadano, o naati e opitaal ko juuti sabu rafi reedu. Nde o selli, o artiraa e Korse Innjiniyaaruuji konu. E hitaande 1962 o jooɗii to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Royal College to Angalteer. Ko ɗoon o ɓuri waawde, o siforaa ko "almuudo Commonwealth ɓurɗo waawde". Oon hitaande, o yoɓi Akinlawon ngam yahde Londres ɗo o waawi naatde e kursus heblo. Ɓeeɗoo ɗiɗo resndi ɗum ko e lewru suwee 1963 to biro binnditagol Camberwell Green, ɓe nganndini ɓesnguuji maɓɓe tan caggal nde ɓe mbaɗi hiirde ndee.E ndeen hitaande, Obasanjo yamiraama yo o hoot to leydi Nijeer, hay so tawii debbo makko ina heddii to Londres duuɓi tati goɗɗi ngam timminde jaŋde makko. Nde o naati Naajeeriya, Obasanjo hoosi ardungal konu Innjiniyaaruuji ladde, jooɗiiɗum haa Kaduna. E nder konu, Obasanjo ina jokki e yahrude yeeso e nder darɗe, o wonti mawɗo e hitaande 1965. O huutoriima ngalu makko ngam soodde leydi, e fuɗɗoode kitaale 1960 o heɓi jawdi to Ibadan, Kaduna, e Lagos. E hitaande 1965, Obasanjo neldaa leydi Inndo. E nder laawol, o yilliima debbo makko to Londres. To leydi Indiya, o janngi to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde toppitiingal ko fayti e cellal to Wellington, caggal ɗuum to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Innjiniyaaruuji to Poona. Obasanjo hulɓinii e heege nde o seedtii e nder leydi Indiya hay so tawii o ƴettii nafoore e pinal leydi ndii, huunde nde addani mo janngude defte diineeji nannditooji. Hare nder leydi Naajeeriya Winndannde mawnde: Hare nder leydi Najeriya Golle makko ko adii wolde hakkunde leyɗeele: 1966-1967 Obasanjo ummi Naajeeriya nder lewru January hitaande 1966 ngam heɓugo lesdi ndi'i nder kuudetaa konu ngu Major Emmanuel Ifeajuna ardii. Obasanjo ina jeyaa e jeertinɓe wonde ngonka kaa ina waawi jippaade e wolde nder leydi.O hollitii wonde maa o won hakkunde ƴaañooɓe kuudetaa e laamu siwil, ngu rokki laamu nguu e juuɗe hooreejo konu Johnson Aguiyi-Ironsi. Nde kuudetaa oo ronki, Olusegun hawri e Ironsi to Lagos. Ironsi ɓooyaani ko timmini fedde nde e nder leydi Najeriya rewrude e yamiroore mum kawral e lewru mee 1966, huunde nde ɓuuɓni jiiɓru leƴƴi. E darorɗe lewru sulyee, kuudetaa ɗiɗmo waɗi. To wuro Ibadan, sooja'en iwdi woyla lesdi Naajeeriya ɗon ƴama, ɓe mbari Ironsi, ɓe mbari fodde teemeɗɗe ɗiɗi sooje'en ko ɓuri ɗuuɗugo ɓe iwdi lesdi Naajeeriya. Seneraal Yaakubu Gowon heɓti laamu. Nde ooɗoo kuudetaa waɗata nde Obasanjo wonnoo ko to Maiduguri. Nande ɗum, o yaawi hootde Kaduna. Ko ɗoon o tawi konu worgo ummoriiɗo e bataliyoŋ tataɓo ina ronka, ina torloo, ina wara soldateeɓe Igbo en. Gomnaajo lesdi Naajeeriya, Hassan Katsina, annditi dow koo ngam Olusegun naa Igbo, bana no o woni mo woylaare lesdi Naajeeriya, o ɗon nder ɓilla haa sooja'en murtuɓe. Ngam reenaade ɓe, Katsina neldi Olusegun e debbo mum ngarta Maiduguri balɗe sappo, tawi fitinaaji ɗii ina ustoo. Caggal ɗuum, Obasanjo neldi debbo mum to Lagos, tawi omo hoota Kaduna kanko e hoore makko, o woni ɗoon haa lewru Yarkomaa 1967. E oon sahaa ko kanko woni ofisee Yoruba ɓurɗo mawnude tawaaɗo to bannge worgo. E lewru Yarkomaa 1967, Obasanjo toɗɗaama to Lagos ngam wonde mawɗo Injineer konu.Hare hakkunde leƴƴi Igbo e leƴƴi worgo ina jokki e ɓeydaade, e lewru mee, ofisee konu Igbo C. Odumegwu Ojukwu hollitii jeytaare nokkuuji ɓurɗi heewde Igbo e nder fuɗnaange-rewo leydi Bi. Ñalnde 3 lewru juko, laamu leydi Najeriya neldi Obasanjo to Ibadan ngam wonde hooreejo leydi Hirnaange.Hare hakkunde konu leydi Najeriya e seernaaɓe Biafran fuɗɗii ko ñalnde 6 lewru juko. Ñalnde 9 sulyee, Ojukwu neldi koloñaal konu Biafra dow pont Niiseer ngam yiɗde heɓtude Mid-West, nokku ɗo ɓe mbaawi ummoraade Lagos. Obasanjo yiɗiino uddude laabi jahduɗi e wuro ngo. Komandaajo Yoruba biyeteeɗo Victor Banjo, ardinooɗo konu njanngu Biafran, etinooma waawnude Obasanjo yoo ɓe njaltu, kono o salii. Kuugal konu lesdi: 1967-1970 "Kolonel Olu Obasanjo, gardinooɗo diɗɗal tataɓal". Jaaynde Naajeeriya keso, hello 7, 12 lewru Yarkomaa 1970. Gagga hare nder leydi Naajeeriya e Biafra. Ndeen Obasanjo toɗɗaama hooreejo caggal diɗɗal ɗiɗaɓal Murtala Muhammed, gollotoongal to Mid-Ouest. Obasanjo woni ko e jooɗaade to Ibadan, ko kañum halfinaa Division ɗiɗaɓo oo jogaade kaɓirɗe. E nder wuro ngo, Obasanjo jannginii course ganndal konu to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Ibadan, o mahi jokkondiral makko e nder elite Yoruba. E nder wolde nde, wonno ko jiiɓru mawndu e nder Dowla Hirnaange, ngam daɗde e ɗeen caɗeele, Obasanjo woppi golle mum e nder Diiso doosɗe Hirnaange.Nde Obasanjo woɗɗi Ibadan e lewru noowammbar 1968, gure jogiiɗe kaɓirɗe ɗe fedde remooɓe Agbekoya moofti, njani e galle laamorɗo Ibadan. Konuuji ɗii njaabtii, mbari sappo e fitinaaji ɗii. Nde Obasanjo arti o yamiri yo ñaawirde ƴeewto kewuuji ɗii. Yamiroore konu: 1967-1970 "Kolonel Olu Obasanjo, gardinooɗo diɗɗal tataɓal". Jaaynde Naajeeriya keso, hello 7, 12 lewru Yarkomaa 1970. Gagga hare nder leydi Naajeeriya e Biafra. Ndeen Obasanjo toɗɗaama hooreejo caggal diɗɗal ɗiɗaɓal Murtala Muhammed, gollotoongal to Mid-Ouest. Obasanjo ina jooɗii to Ibadan, ko kañum halfinaa Division ɗiɗaɓo oo jogaade kaɓirɗe. E nder wuro ngo, Obasanjo jannginii course ganndal konu to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Ibadan, o mahi jokkondiral makko e nder elite Yoruba. E nder wolde nde, wonno ko jiiɓru mawndu e nder Dowla Hirnaange, ngam daɗde e ɗeen geɗe, Obasanjo woppi golle e nder Diiso doosɗe Dowla Hirnaange. Nde Obasanjo woɗɗi Ibadan e lewru noowammbar 1968, wuro ngo ina jogii balɗe, ngo fedde remooɓe Agbekoya moofti, yani e galle laamorɗo Ibadan. Konuuji ɗii njaabtii, mbari sappo e fitinaaji ɗii. Nde Obasanjo arti o yamiri yo ñaawirde ƴeewto kewuuji ɗii. Gowon felliti lomtaade Kolonel Benjamin Adekunle, ardinooɗo njanngu Biafra, kono ina haani Yoruba mawɗo goɗɗo. O suɓii ko Obasanjo, hay so tawii noon o alaa humpito hare. Obasanjo arii Port Harcourt ngam heɓtude golle ɗee ñalnde 16 mee 1969 ; o ardii hannde hakkunde 35 000 e 40 000 soldaat. O waɗii jonte jeegom gadane ɗee ko e riiwtude njangu Biafran e Aba. O yilliima kala nokku e yeeso, o gaañiiɗo e waɗde ɗum. Ɗee golle ngaddi mo innde cuusal e nder worɓe makko E lewru desaambar, Obasanjo fuɗɗii golle Finishing Touch, yamiri konu mum yo yahru yeeso feewde Umuahia, ngu ɓe ƴetti ñalnde Natal. Ɗum taƴii Biafra e feccere. Ñalnde 7 lewru Yarkomaa 1970, o ummini ndeen « Operation Tail-Wind », o heɓti laana ndiwoowa Uli ñalnde 12 lewru Yarkomaa. E oon sahaa, ardiiɓe Biafran njaɓi yoɓde. Ñalnde 13 lewru nduu, Obasanjo jokkondiri e komandaajo konu Biafran biyeteeɗo Philip Effiong. Obasanjo wi'i sooja'en Biafran hokka balmi maɓɓe, nden boo suɓol ardiiɓe lesdi ndi'i ɗon yaha Lagos, ɓe hokka Gowon dow laawol. Janngo mum, Obasanjo haali e rajo diiwaan oo, o wiyi ɓiɓɓe leydi ndi yo njokku e galleeji mum en, o dartina kisal mum en. Biafranaaɓe heewɓe e jaayɗe goɗɗe ina kuli wonde konu leydi Najeriya ina waawi waɗde bonanndeeji keewɗi e yimɓe foolɓe ɓee, hay so tawii noon Obasanjo ina yiɗi haɗde ɗum. O yamiri konu makko e nder diiwaan hee yo heddo e nder galleeji mum en, jokkude wonde polis nokku oo ina foti ƴettude kuule ngam ƴellitde sariya e deeƴre. Division tataɓo, ɓurɗo woɗɗude, waɗii hareeji warngooji e yimɓe nokku oo. Obasanjo ina tiiɗi e waɗooɓe bonannde ndee, sibu waɗɓe warngooji ɗii mberlaama, waɗɓe warngooji ɗii mbardaa. Laamu Gowon waɗi Obasanjo kalfinaaɗo naatnude Biafra e nder leydi Najeriya, e nder oon darnde o heɓi teddungal ngam teeŋtinde mawngu. Ko o injenieer, o teeŋtinii artirde jolngo ndiyam ; haa lewru mee 1970 gure mawɗe diiwaan oo fof njokkondirii e jolngo ndiyam. Darnde Obasanjo e timminde wolde nde waɗi mo jaambaaro wolde, kadi ko o neɗɗo ganndiraaɗo e nder leydi Najeriya. Kuugal maako ɓaawo konu lesdi: 1970-1975 E lewru suwee 1970, Obasanjo arti Abeokuta, jamaanu jaɓɓii mo no jaambaaro garoowo nii. Ndeen o neldaama to Lagos, o woni Brigadier gardinooɗo Korse Innjiniyankooɓe. E lewru oktoobar, Gowon hollitii wonde laamu militeer en ina rokka laamu nguu laamu siwil e hitaande 1976. E nder ɗuum, haɗde lanndaaji politik ina heddii e doole ; Gowon yahri yeeso seeɗa e sosde laamu siwil. E les laamu sooja'en, Obasanjo jooɗi nder goomu limngal sooja'en lesdi Naajeeriya, ko laarani limngal sooja'en lesdi Naajeeriya nder duuɓi 1970. E hitaande 1974 Obasanjo yahi to leydi Angalteer ngam janngude to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Royal College to bannge diine. Nde o arti, e lewru Yarkomaa 1975 Gowon toɗɗii mo Komisariyaa Golle e Koɗki, golle ɗe o joginoo fotde lebbi jeeɗiɗi, e nder ɗuum o ɓuri waawde mahde kaɓirɗe konu. E hitaande 1970, Obasanjo soodi sosiyatee Libannaajo ɓooyɗo to Ibadan, o gollini heen awokaa ngam ƴellitde ɗum. E hitaande 1973 o winnditii fedde wiyeteende Temperance Enterprises Limited, nde o waawi waɗde heen golle njulaagu caggal nde o woppi golle konu. O jokki kadi e waɗde heen jawdi ; e hitaande 1974 o joginoo galleeji ɗiɗi to Lagos e gooto fof to Ibadan e Abeokuta. Haalaaji ummii wonde Obasanjo ina jokki e waɗde njulaagu nguu ina ɓeydoo yaajde e nder leydi Najeriya, hay so tawii noon alaa ko holliti ɗum ko laaɓti. Dewgal makko e Oluremi wonti caɗeele nde o salii jokkondiral makko e rewɓe woɗɓe. E cakkital kitaale 1970 dewgal maɓɓe fusi. E hitaande 1976 o resi Stella Abebe e nder kewu aadaaji Yoruba. E nder laamu Murtala Kuudetaa 1975 e caggal mum Binndanɗe mawɗe: Kuudetaa laamu Nijeer e hitaande 1975 e Kawtal konu Nijeer (1966–1979) E lewru sulyee 1975, kuudetaa e gardagol Shehu Muusaa Yar’Adua e Yuusuf Garba liɓi Gowon, o dogi fayti Angalteer. Ɓe kaalaani Obasanjo e peeje maɓɓe nde tawnoo omo anndiraa wonde kuudetaa ko kuutorgal waylude laamu. Kuudetaaji ɗii njiɗnoo ko lomtinde laamu otokaraasi Gowon nguu e laamu tati (triumvirate) brigadieruuji tati ɗi Diiso Toowngo Konu ina waawi haɗde kuule mum en. Ngalɗoo laamu tati, ɓe cemmbini Seneraal Murtala Muhammed yo won hooreejo leydi, Obasanjo woni ɗiɗaɓo e gardagol mum, Danjuma woni tataɓo. Daartoowo biyeteeɗo John Iliffe teskiima wonde e nder triumvirate, Obasanjo ko « puccu gollordu e ngaandi » , ko kanko ɓuri yaawde hootde e laamu siwil. E nder heen, triumvirate oo naatni peeje ustude ngalu ngam haɗde inflation, sosi Biro toppitiiɗo ko fayti e golle bonɗe, lomtini guwerneeruuji militeer en ɗii fof ofiseeji kesi, ɓe cifotoo ko Obasanjo woni hooreejo konu, ɓe puɗɗii "Operation Deadwood" mo ɓe ndartini ofiseeji civil 11,000. Mawɗo gollordu, suudu sarɗiiji: 1975–76 E lewru oktoobar 1975, laamu nguu hollitii peeje ngam waɗde woote ɗe mbaɗata ngam laamu siwil e lewru oktoobar 1979. Ngu hollitii kadi peeje ngam sosde goomu ngam ƴettude doosgal leydi kesal, tawi ko Obasanjo ɓuri waawde suɓaade terɗe goomu nguu 49. E dow wasiyaaji Komiseer Irifeke, laamu nguu hollitii kadi sosde dowlaaji jeeɗiɗi kesi ; e dow tiiɗnaare Obasanjo, Abeokuta ina foti wonde laamorgo gooto e ɗeen dowlaaji kesi, hono Ogun. Kadi dow wasiyaaji komitiiru ndun, ɓe anndini anniyaaji seeɗa-seeɗa ngam wurtinki laamorgo lesdi Naajeeriya diga Lagos haa Abuja ɓurduɗum caka. E lewru Yarkomaa 1976, Obasanjo e Danjuma fof ƴettaa e jappeere Lietnaa-Seneraal. Murtala e Obasanjo fof ina ndartini darnde ngam haɗde koloñaal Oropnaaɓe jokkude e njiimaandi ɓaleeɓe tokosɓe e nder Afrik worgo, ɗum noon ko huunde nde ɓe cuɓii e politik maɓɓe caggal leydi. Ngolɗoo sabaabu ina ɓeydoo wontude ngoƴa Obasanjo. Caggal nde Angolaa heɓti jeytaare mum e juuɗe Portigaal, wolde ɓesngu addi e leydi hee. Naajeeriya anndi laabi laamu ngu MPLA, fedde marxist en nde Dental Sowiyet walli, sabu laamu luulndiingu FNLA e UNITA ina mballita e laamu ɓaleeɓe tokosɓe to Afrik worgo. Ko jiidaa e rokkude MPLA ballal kaalis, Niiseer fuɗɗiima ƴattaade leyɗeele Afrik goɗɗe ngam kadi jaɓde njuɓɓudi MPLA, e fuɗɗoode hitaande 1976 ko ɓuri heewde e dowlaaji e nder Fedde Ngootaagu Afrik (OAU) mbaɗii ɗum. E lewru feebariyee 1976, Obasanjo ardii delegaasiyoŋ Najeriya ngam mawninde hitaande MPLA to Luanda, ɗo o wiyi : « ko ñalngu maantiniingu, ko ɗum fuɗɗoode hare sakkitiinde ngam haɓaade koloñaal, imperiyaalisma e njiyaagu e nder Afrik ». Warngo Murtala : 13 feebariyee 1976 E lewru feebariyee 1976, kolonel Buka Suka Dimka waɗi kuudetaa e laamu Nijeer, tawi ko ndeen Seneraal Murtala Muhammed waraa. Eɓɓoore kadi waɗaama e nguurndam Obasanjo, kono neɗɗo mo fotaani waraa. Dimka ŋakkiraa ballal mawngal e nder militeer en, kuudetaa makko ronki, ɗum addani mo dogde. Obasanjo tawtoraaki wirwirnde Murtala to Kano, kono o hollitii laamu nguu ina jogori yoɓde mahngo juulirde e nokku ɗo o wirnaa ɗoo. Caggal nde o waraa, Obasanjo tawtoraama batu Diiso Toowngo Konu. O hollitii yiɗde makko woppude laamu, kono Diiso ngoo heɓiino ɗaɓɓude yo o lomto Murtala e gardagol leydi ndii. Ko ɗum waɗi o wonti hooreejo diiso ngoo.E nder kulhuli makko e ɓeydagol eɓɓooji e nguurndam makko, Obasanjo naati e nder kasoo Dodan, tawi 39 neɗɗo tuumaaɗo wonde e nder kuudetaa Dimka mbaraa, ɗum jibini tuumeede wonde jaabawol Obasanjo ngol ina heewi. Ko Obasanjo woni hooreejo leydi ndi, o huniima jokkude dawrugol Murtala. Hooreejo leydi konu (1976-1979) Triumvirat konu E anndude kulhuli gonɗi e woɗɗude yimɓe woyla Naajeeriya, Obasanjo addi Seneraal Shehu Yar'Adua ngam lomtaade mo e ɗiɗaɓo e gardagol hooreejo konu, gardiiɗo jaagorɗe toowɗo timminoowo triumvirate militeer en, Obasanjo woni hooreejo leydi e Seneraal Theophilus Stajumabli ngam laamaade dow tato we- laamu konu. Obasanjo hirjinii jeewte e nanondiral hakkunde Diiso Toowngo Konu. Heewɓe ina kaawaa hol ko waɗi Obasanjo – hono Yoruba e Kerecee – toɗɗaade Yar’Adua, tergal e aristokraasi worgo, yo won gardiiɗo ɗiɗaɓo mum, wonaa banndiiko Yoruba Kerecee. Obasanjo teeŋtinii kulhuli ngenndiiji e dow ɗi diiwanuuji ɗii ; o hirjini sukaaɓe e mawɓe fof nde njanngata fodoore ngenndiire hesere ndee e jimɗi ngenndiiji ɗii. Nafoore heɓde miijooji ɓurɗi yaajde, ñalnde aset kala omo waɗa seminar mo alaa ko woni e mum so wonaa toɓɓere nde yimɓe ɓe ngonaa politikaaji e gollotooɓe laamu noddata. Ina jeyaa e ɓe o ɗaɓɓirta wasiyaaji mum en, annduɓe lislaam e mawɓe aadaaji. Politik faggudu Obasanjo wondude e hooreejo leydi Amerik biyeteeɗo Jimmy Carter to galle laamorɗo Amerik e hitaande 1977 E cakkital kitaale 1970, leydi Naajeeriya ina joginoo faggudu ɓurndu heewde doole, tawi noon ko 34% e inflation. Ngam haɓugo bee caɗeele faggudu lesdi Naajeeriya, Obasanjo tokki dabareeji cemmbiɗinki ceede ngam ustugo ceede laamu. E nder bidsee makko 1976, Obasanjo eɓɓi ustude njoɓdi laamu nguu fotde feccere, ustude eɓɓaaɗe tedduɗe, tawa ina ɓeyda njoɓdi jaŋde, cellal, galleeji, e ndema. O sosi kadi goomu ngam haɓaade inflation, e nder hitaande wootere caggal nde Obasanjo heɓi laamu, inflation ustii haa 30%. Obasanjo ina heewi yiɗde ñamlude kaalis, kono e ballal Banke Adunayankeewo e Fonds Monétaire International, Nijeer ƴetti ñamlude miliyaaruuji 1 dolaar e fedde bankeeji. Ɓeen ñiŋooɓe leftist en mbiyi wonde waɗde ɗum ina addana leydi ndii ɗooftaade kapitaalisma. E nder duuɓi ɗiɗi garooji ɗii, laamu Obasanjo, Nijeer ƴettii 4 983 miliyoŋ dolaar goɗɗo. Naajeeriya ina wondi e ɓeydagol fotde 3% hitaande kala e nder kitaale 1970, huunde nde fotnoo ɓeydaade fotde laabi ɗiɗi e nder duuɓi 25 seeɗa. Obasanjo teskiima caggal ɗuum wonde o anndaa ɗum e oon sahaa, sibu laamu makko alaa politik e ƴellitde yimɓe. Ɓeydagol yimɓe leydi Naajeeriya addani ɓe ɓeydaade yaawde e nder gure mawɗe e ŋakkeende cuuɗi e nder gure. Ngam haɓaade ɗum, bidsee Obasanjo e hitaande 1976 hollitii peeje mahngo 200 000 galle keso haa hitaande 1980, hay so tawii noon ko 28 500 tan mahaa.E hitaande 1976, laamu Obasanjo kadi hollitii wonde ina jogori ƴellitde renndo e cogguuli. Ngam haɓaade jiiɓru seppooji gollotooɓe, e hitaande 1976 laamu Obasanjo yaltinii sariyaaji cifotooɗi ko ɓuri heewde e gollorɗe mawɗe ko sarwisaaji baɗɗi faayiida, haɗi seppooji e nder mum en, yamiri nanngugol ardiiɓe senndikaaji jiiɓru. E hitaande 1978 nde hawriti senndikaaji 42 e nder fedde wootere nde gollotooɓe e leydi Nijeer. Obasanjo jokki bee taskaramji tati mawɗi ngam ndiyam haa woyla lesdi Naajeeriya ɗi arannde anndinaama les Murtala: taskaramji maayo Kano, taskaramji Bakalori, e taskaramji ndiyam Chad Sud. Laamu makko kadi jokki eɓɓooji ƴellitaare ndema puɗɗanooɗi to Funtua, Gusau, e Gombe. Won eɓɓaaɗe ƴellitgol laddeeji kadi puɗɗaama ngam haɗde njiimaandi Saharaa to bannge worgo. Ngam heɓde ko ɓuri heewde e ɗaɓɓaande leydi ndii e kuuraa, Obasanjo ardiima udditgol eɓɓaaɗe ɗiɗi kese ngam ƴellitde kuuraa e nder ndiyam e ƴulɓe. Industry petrol heddii ko huunde mawnde e faggudu leydi Naajeeriya e les laamu Obasanjo, ministeer petrol hawtii e fedde petroŋ leydi Naajeeriya ngam sosde fedde petroŋ leydi Naajeeriya (NNPC). Obasanjo kadi wallitii sosde lowre liggorde to Bonny, nde NNPC yoɓi 62% ; eɓɓaande ndee ko lomto makko woppi ɗum e nder ɓeydagol coodguuli. Obasanjo jokki kadi e peewnugol njuɓɓudi njamndi mboɗeeri Ajaokuta, eɓɓaande ndonaandi nde heewɓe e ñiŋooɓe e nder sarwisaaji laamu mbiyata ko nde waawataa huutoreede. E nder cakkital kitaale 1970, Naajeeriya kadi ina wondi e ustaare ndema, ko ɗum huunde nde laamuuji jokkondirɗi ɗii njiyti ko ɓuri hoybude e naatde e nguura e nder leydi ndii. E lewru mee 1976, Obasanjo fuɗɗii « Operation Feed the Nation » (Operation Feed the Nation), woni eɓɓaande ngam wuurtinde ndema tokoosa, tawi ina jeyaa heen yoɓeede almudɓe ngam remde e nder balɗe juulde. Eɓɓaande ndee ina waɗi kadi momtugol njoɓɗeele e nguura jawdi e kaɓirɗe ndema, e ballal kuutoragol tovo ngo, e ustude njoɓɗeele ndema. E lewru marse 1978, Obasanjo yaltini kuulal kuutoragol leydi ndi rokki laamu nguu hakkeeji jeyi leydi e dow leydi ndii kala. Ɗum waɗiraa ko ngam haɗde njulaagu leydi e njulaagu leydi, kadi addani ɗum yetteede e bannge nano leydi Najeriya hay so tawii noon ko galleeji keewɗi jogiiɗi leydi njiɗaa ɗum. Obasanjo yiyri ɗum ko e geɗe teeŋtuɗe laamu mum. Obasanjo wallitorii reentaade Gowon ngam waɗde heen jawdi mum caggal leydi, o jokki e ɗeen politikaaji. Politik faggudu ngenndiyankaagal e nder sekteeruuji teeŋtuɗi ina usta njulaagu keeriiɗo, ɗum addani ɗum ustude njulaagu, hay so tawii noon daraniiɓe ɗum ɓee ina njetta Obasanjo ngam dartinde diisnondiral kaalis so renndinaama e ardiiɓe mum. Politikuuji nder leydi O (Obasanjo) jokki e ƴamol jaŋde leslesre winndereyankoore e nder leydi Najeriya, politik ronkaama e Gowon. O naatini sariya jaŋde leslesre e hitaande 1976 ; hakkunde 1975–76 e 1979–80, binnditagol e duɗe leslese ɗe njoɓaaka kono ɗe njiɗaa, ɓeydiima gila e miliyoŋaaji 6 haa 12,5 miliyoŋ, hay so tawii noon jannginooɓe e kaɓirɗe ina ŋakki ngam waawde huutoraade ɗaɓɓaande ndee. E hitaande jaŋde 1977–78, Obasanjo naatni jaŋde hakkundeere nde alaa ko yoɓetee e fannuuji karallaagal, huunde nde yaajnaa e denndaangal jaŋde hakkundeere e hitaande 1979–80. E oon sahaa gooto, leydi Naajeeriya ustii kaalis jaŋde toownde ; e hitaande 1978 nde woppi rokkude ñamaale almudɓe, nde ɓeydi fotde laabi tati njoɓdi nguura e hoɗorde duɗe jaaɓi haaɗtirde. Seppooji janngooɓe mbaɗi e nder gure keewɗe, waɗii warngooji baɗnooɗi e nder wuro Lagos e Zaria. E nder jaabawol fitinaaji ɗii, Obasanjo udditi duɗe jaaɓi-haaɗtirde keewɗe, haɗi golle politik e nder duɗe jaaɓi-haaɗtirde, haɗi kadi fedde janngooɓe leydi Najeriya. Tiiɗnaare ɗeen peeje ina gasa tawa ko sabu tuumeede wonde fitinaaji almudɓe ɗii ina njokkondiri e kuudetaa militeer peewnaaɗo e lewru feebariyee 1978. Obasanjo ina mettini e jikkuuji almudɓe seppooɓe ɓee, o wiyi wonde ɗum ina hollita ruttaade e nafooje aadaaji ko wayi no hormaade almudɓe. Ngam batte ɓamtaare laamu Naajeeriya, leydi ndi yi’i ɓamtaare mawnde nder kuuɗe laamu. Seedeeji peeñii ko feewti e fenaande mawnde e nder laamu leydi ndii, tee, so tawii tuume ɗee ina keewi waɗeede e Obasanjo e hoore mum, alaa seedeeji tiiɗɗi peeñi. Ngam haɗde natal njulaagu e nder laamu, laamu Obasanjo haɗii huutoraade otooji Mercedes ngam waɗde otooji laamu, e lomtaade ɗum en, ɓe mbaɗti heen otooji Peugeot 504 ɓurɗi hoybude Naatgol champagne kadi haɗaama. E ƴaañde taƴgol konu, laamu Obasanjo yiyri 12 000 soldaat ina ndartinaa e nder duuɓi 1976 e 1977. Ɗee konu njalti ko e nokkuuji kesi ngam wallitde ɗum en e jokkondirde e nguurndam siwil en. Obasanjo kadi ina tuuma wonde ko kañum woni sabaabu ƴaañgol politik. E nder yeewtere wootere maantiniinde, koɗorɗe jimoowo e daraniiɗo politik Najeriya biyeteeɗo Fela Kuti, Republique Kalakuta, yani, yani haa laaɓi, caggal nde tergal e fedde makko hawri e yimɓe konu. Fela e ɓesngu mum piyi, njuppaa, yumma mum mawɗo, daraniiɗo politik e yumma mum sosɗo Chief Funmilayo Ransome Kuti, werlaa e windo. Ɗum addani mo gaañiiɓe no feewi, haa arti noon e maayde makko. Fela caggal ɗuum nawti kees to galle hooreejo leydi ndii e oon sahaa to Dodan Barracks to Lagos ngam salaade ƴaañde laamu nguu e politik. Politik caggal leydi Hooreejo leydi Amerik biyeteeɗo Jimmy Carter ina wondi e Obasanjo e njillu mum to leydi Najeriya e hitaande 1978 Obasanjo ina yiɗi tabitinde leydi Najeriya no ardorde mawnde e nder Afrik nii, e nder laamu makko, doole mum e nder duunde nde ɓeydiima. O ummini dabare Gowon ngam waɗugo julde ɗiɗaɓre nder duuniyaaru ngam naalankaaku e pinal ɓaleeɓe e afriknaajo haa lesdi Naajeeriya; ɗum waɗi ko to Lagos e lewru feebariyee 1977, hay so tawii noon ñaawooɓe nder leydi ndii mbiyi ko ɗum huunde nde alaa ko nafata. Obasanjo hokkii ɗuuɗal teddungal dow Dental Faggudu lesɗe Afrik Hirnaange (ECOWAS) nden o mettini ɗuuɗɓe nder terɗe maako ɗemngal Farayse ɓaawo o wi'i, bana no Naajeeriya ɓuri wallugo ceede ngam hukuuma kan, Naajeeriya foti jaɓɓaago hukuumaaji pamari ɗin haa Lagos. Jokkondiral e Ganaa ɓadiiɗo kadi ustii ; e hitaande 1979, leydi Nijeer taƴii petroŋ e nder leydi ndii ngam salaade warngooji luulndiiɓe politik ɗi laamu kesu ngu Jerry Rawlings wari. E laamu Obasanjo, Naajeeriya ustii jokkondiral mum juutngal e leydi Angalteer, ɓeydi jokkondirde e leyɗeele dentuɗe Amerik. Obasanjo ina yiɗi laamu hooreejo leydi Amerik biyeteeɗo Jimmy Carter, cuɓaaɗo e hitaande 1976, sabu Carter ina joginoo darnde tiiɗnde ngam tabitinde laamu ɓurngu heewde e Afrik worgo. Ambasadeer Carter to leydi Nijeer, hono Andrew Young, waɗii sehilaagal tiiɗngal e Obasanjo, Carter yilliima leydi Nijeer e hitaande 1978. Kono tan, kuulal ngam waylude alkule ɗee waɗiraa ko ngam dalillaaji laaɓtuɗi, wonaa miijooji ; yiytude petroŋ e nder maayo worgo firti ko Angalteer wontii ƴaañoowo wonaa soodoowo petroŋ Nijeer.Laamu Obasanjo kadi ina mettini heen no feewi nde Angalteer salii yoɓde Gowon, ina sikka wonde laamu Angalteer ina waawi wonde e kuudetaa mo Murtala waɗi. Ngam ɗeeɗoo hujjaaji, e hitaande 1976 nde miijii dartinde jokkondiral dipolomaasi e Angalteer, kono haa jooni nde dartinaani. Obasanjo noon saliima yahde Angalteer, o semmbini ardiiɓe makko waɗde ɗum. Jokkondiral ngal ɓeydii bonde nde Margaret Thatcher wonti gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi Angalteer e hitaande 1979, o fuɗɗii waɗde feere ɓurnde welde e njuɓɓudi laamu ɓaleeɓe tokosɓe to Rodesi e Afrik worgo. E nder jaabawol ngol, Naajeeriya nanngi laanawol ndiyam lesdi Naajeeriya, ngol ɓe tammi ɗon nastina petrol Naajeeriya haa lesdi Naajeeriya, ɓe haɗi hukuumaaji pamari Biritaniya ngam heɓugo kuuɗe Naajeeriya, ɓe nastini kuuɗe BP haa lesdi Naajeeriya. Obasanjo ina yiɗi kadi yaawnaade joofnude laamu ɓaleeɓe tokosɓe e nder Afrik worgo ; e wiyde Iliffe, ɗum wonti « cakkital politik makko caggal leydi ». Naajeeriya hokki ballal ngam haɓugo bee laamu daneeji nder diiwal ngal, hokki hukuumaaji pamari ɗi'i uddita birooji haa Lagos, nden hokki hukuumaaji pamari ɗin ɗon hokka mooɓgal feere-feere dogguɓe laamuuji lesdi Afrika fombinaari. E ƴettude peeje tiiɗɗe ngam haɓaade laamu apartaayd to Afrik worgo, Obasanjo hollitii wonde Nijeer naatataa e Olimpiyaaji 1976 sabu leydi Nuwel Selannde, tawtoraaɗo kawgel ngel, ina joginoo jokkondiral e Afrik worgo, leydi ndi haɗaa tawtoreede kawgel ngel sabu apartaayd. E hitaande 1977, Obasanjo haɗi kala kontraaji jokkondirɗi e Afrik worgo golloraade e nder leydi Nijeer ; sosiyateeji mawɗi ɗi njippii ɗii ko petroŋ Angalteer e Banke Barclays. E ndeen hitaande kadi, leydi Nijeer yuɓɓinii batu Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe ngam haɓaade apartaayd to Lagos, Obasanjo yilliima Amerik e lewru oktoobar ɗo o wiyi leydi ndii yo woppu yeeyde kaɓirɗe to Afrik worgo. Nde o woni nder leydi ndi'i o wolwi haa kawtal hoore lesdi ndi'i nden asaweeje ɗiɗi ɓaawo man Naajeeriya heɓi jooɗorde nder kawtal lesdi ndi'i. Fiilde Margaret Thatcher e hitaande 1979 ngam wonde gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi Angalteer, addani jokkondiral Angalteer e Niiseer bonnude ; Obasanjo miijii ko o yurmeende no feewi e laamuuji daneeji tokoosi e nder Afrik worgo Luulndaade laamu ɓaleeɓe tokosɓe e nder leydi Rodesi, addaniino hare Bush e nder leydi Rodesi, laamu Obasanjo ina jokki e wiyde wonde ko hare balɗe tan woni feere ngam foolde laamu Rodesi. O hirjinii ngootaagu hakkunde pelle ceertuɗe luulndiiɗe laamu toon, o wiyi Robert Mugabe, hooreejo ZANU, yo jaɓ ardaade luulndiiɗo makko, hono Joshua Nkomo mo ZAPU. E hitaande 1977, Angalteer e Amerik ciifi eɓɓaaɗe ngam waylude laamu ɓurngu heewde e Rodesi, e nder yonta mo leydi ndii woni e les njiimaandi doole Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe. Obasanjo jaɓii eɓɓaande ndee, o yilliima Tansani, Sammbi, Mosammbik, e Republiik Demokaratik Konngo ngam wiyde laamuuji mum en yo mbaɗ noon. Kono caggal nde Thatcher wonti gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi Angalteer, leydi Nijeer woɗɗitii hoore mum e darnde Angalteer ngam haɗde wolde Bush Rhodesian, o woppitaa kala darnde teeŋtunde e nder golle ɗe Angalteer waɗi, ɗe ngaddani wooteeji demokaraasi ɗi leƴƴi keewɗi mbaɗi e hitaande... Ko o hooreejo leydi, Obasanjo tawtoraama batuuji OAU. E oon sahaa yuɓɓinaa e lewru sulyee 1977, o eɓɓi sosde goomu jooɗiiɗo ngam haɓaade luural hakkunde leyɗeele jeyaaɗe e OAU. E batu 1978, o jeertinii wonde banngeeji ɗiɗi ɗii fof ina poti naatde e wolde huuɓtodinnde. E nder batu garoowo oo, o wiyi yo konu Pan-Afriknaajo sose, baawɗo waɗde golle ngam hisnude jam e nder duunde he. Ngam ɓamtuki darnde lesdi Naajeeriya nder duuniyaaru, Obasanjo nasti nder kuuɗe feere-feere ɗe lesdi Naajeeriya nder Afrika fuu. E hitaande 1977, o heɓtinii Benin e Togo yoo ndartin luural hakkunde keeri mum en, nguddita keeri mum en. O etinooma kadi haɓaade luural hakkunde leyɗeele keewɗe Fuɗnaange Afrik, o haɗa ɗum kadi ruttaade e Dental Fuɗnaange Afrik, kono o dañii heen caɗeele. Ko o hooreejo goomu jokkondire OAU, o etinooma jokkondire Ogaden hakkunde Ecoppi e Somali kono kadi o dañaani. O waawaano kadi feewnude luural peeñngal hakkunde Angalteer e leydi Konngo. E innde OAU, Obasanjo waɗii batu to Kano ngam haɓaade hare hakkunde leyɗeele Caad. Feddeeji keewɗi njaɓii darnude wolde, sosde laamu ngootaagu ngenndi, e accude konu leydi Najeriya ina waɗa jam. Hare nden noon jokki, Naajeeriya jaabtii e taƴde petroŋ mum to Caad. Koolol ɗiɗmol ko faati e hare ndee waɗii to Lagos e lewru ut 1979, ɗum addani laamu nguu sosde laamu nguu, ngu juutaani. E hitaande sakkitiinde e laamu makko konu, o ardii golle OAU ngam safrude wolde Saharaa hirnaange. Jaltugol laamu Laamu militeer en hawri ko e goomu ƴettugol doosɗe leydi ngam ƴettude doosgal kesal potngal huutoreede e nder mbayliigu laamu siwil. Goomu nguu hollitii wonde Naajeeriya ina foti waylude laamu mum, ngu tuugii ko e laamu parlemaa leydi Angalteer, ngu tuugnii e laamu hooreejo leydi Amerik, ɗo hooreejo leydi gooto cuɓaaɗo woni hooreejo leydi e hooreejo laamu. Ngam haɗude oo hooreejo leydi wontude diktatoor, hono no waɗirnoo e nokkuuji goɗɗi e nder Afrik nii, o ɗaɓɓi ƴeewndorɗe keewɗe e doole maɓɓe, haa arti noon e njuɓɓudi fedde nde, ɗo juɓɓule cuɓaaɗe keertiiɗe ngoni ɗoo e to bannge fedde, to bannge dowri, to bannge nokkuuji. Eɓɓaande doosgal leydi ndii yaltinaa ko e lewru oktoobar 1976, nde yeewtidaa e yeeso yimɓe fof e hitaande aroore ndee.Asamblee doosgal leydi hawri ngam yeewtidde e eɓɓaande doosgal leydi ndii e lewru oktoobar 1977. Asaambele leydi ndii ina jokki e ƴeewde hol darnde nde sariya sharia rokkata e nder doosgal leydi ndii. Obasanjo noddii dental ngal, o jeertini ɓe batte kuulal ngal ɓe mbaɗi e renndo, o wiyi ɓe yo ɓe ƴettu jikkuuji ɓurɗi moƴƴude. E lewru suwee 1978, Diiso toowngo konu (Conseil suprême militaire) habri doosɗe leydi kese ɗee ; nde waɗiino waylooji keewɗi e mbaydi ndi asaambele doosgal leydi ndii ƴetti. Yanti e doosgal kesal ngal, Obasanjo itti haɗde lanndaaji politik. Ndeen pelle keewɗe mbaɗii ngam tawtoreede wooteeji garooji ɗii, ko ɓuri teeŋtude heen ko lannda ngootaagu Yoruba, lannda yimɓe Naajeeriya, e lannda ngenndiijo Naajeeriya. Obasanjo mettini heen no feewi nde tawnoo heewɓe e dawriyankooɓe ina mbaɗa fodoore nde ɓe mbaawataa ɗooftaade. Woote ɗee mbaɗi ko e nder lewru sulyee e lewru ut 1979. Wootooɓe ɓee ina pamɗi, ko hakkunde 30 e 40% e wootooɓe winnditiiɓe e sariya, tee ina waɗi fenaande banngeeji keewɗi, hay so tawii noon ko jam. Wonno ko jeewte ko fayti e hol keɓɗo woote hooreleydaagu, Obasanjo salii ñaawde, o wiyi yo Komisariyaa woote ƴetta oon darnde.Ɓe kollitii wonde Shehu Shagari woni keɓɗo, huunde nde gardiiɗo ɗiɗaɓo oo, hono Obafemi Awolowo, luulndii to Ñaawirde Toownde, tawi o dañaani heen nafoore. Shagari ƴetti laamu ko e lewru oktoobar 1979 ; e nder kewu udditgol makko, Obasanjo rokki Shagari koppi doosgal leydi kesal. Ko ɗum woni fuɗɗoode Republique ɗiɗaɓere leydi Najeriya. Darnde Obasanjo nder wartirki lesdi Naajeeriya haa laamu siwil, ɗum laatoto darnde woore nde o jogi nder duuɓi cappanɗe ɗiɗi garooji. Kono yimɓe heewɓe e nder leydi ndii e caggal leydi, ina jeyaa heen hooreejo leydi Zambie, hono Kenneth Kaunda e hooreejo leydi Togo, hono Gnassingbé Eyadéma, ina ɗaɓɓi e makko yo o heddo e laamu. Jaɓde makko wallitde Awolowo, banndiiko Yoruba, addani mo gaño ko heewi e elite Yoruba. Awolowo tuumi Obasanjo ko kanko woni orkestraaji Shagari, huunde nde Obasanjo yeddi no feewi. Ko adii laamu (1979-1999) Ko adii nde o yaltata laamu, e lewru abriil 1979, Obasanjo ƴetti hoore mum e darnde seneraal ; ko o seneraal koode nay o jokki e heɓde njoɓdi dowla. Nde o woppi golle e lewru oktoobar, o arti Abeokuta. Caggal nde o waɗi kursus jonte jeegom to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde heblo ndema, Obasanjo ƴetti hoore mum e ndema, omo ɗaminii waɗde yeru e hirjinde ƴellitaare ndema. O heɓi ko famɗi fof 230 ektaar leydi to Ota ngam sosde ngesa makko, o naati ɗoon e galle ngesa birik. Wonno ko gaññeeje nokkuyankooje e dañde leydi ndi haa heewi, ñaawirɗe keewɗe ngaddaama e makko sabu ɗuum. Golle makko ndema yuɓɓinaama e fedde makko wiyeteende Temperance, caggal ɗuum o inniri ɗum « Obasanjo’s Farms Limited ». O waɗti heen hakkille teeŋtuɗo e ndema colli ; e cakkital kitaale 1980, ngesa makko ina ɓuuɓna 140 000 cukalel e yontere. O sosi kadi gese e nder gure goɗɗe to bannge worgo-fuɗnaange, e hitaande 1987 gese makko ina njogii ko ina tolnoo e 400 gollotooɗo e nokkuuji jeetati. Hono no yimɓe Yoruba woɗɓe lolluɓe nii, Obasanjo ina wallitnoo almudɓe miskineeɓe to duɗal makko ɓooyngal to Abeokuta. Obasanjo ɓeydii ñiŋde laamu siwil Shagari, o wiyi hooreejo leydi ndii ina famɗi semmbe, ina ŋakkiraa peeje. Naajeeriya nasti nder ɓillaaji faggudu ngam waylaaki coggu petrol nder duuniyaaru. E lewru mee 1983, mawɓe konu ɗaɓɓiri Obasanjo nde ƴettata laamu leydi ndii kadi, kono o salii. E lewru desaambar, ɓe liɓi Shagari tawi Obasanjo alaa heen, e nder kuudetaa mo yiyaani fitinaaji seeɗa. Muhammadu Buhari laati hooreejo lesdi sooje'en keso. Obasanjo fuɗɗii wallugo laamu Buhari, o wi'i demokaraasi wakiili'en ɗon ƴaɓɓitoo haa lesdi Naajeeriya. O yetti Buhari ngam haɓugo bee cemmbiɗinki lesdi, o ɗon mari feccere nder nastirde lesdi, nden o ɗon wartira budget booɗɗum. E lewru ut 1985, Buhari kadi liɓaama, hooreejo konu Ibraahiima Babangida ƴetti laamu. Obasanjo ina ñiŋa won e peeje faggudu ɗe Babangida waɗi, haa arti noon e ustude njoɓdi naira. E hitaande 1992, luulndaare makko e laamu Babangida addani mo noddude yo leydi Najeriya artire demokaraasi. O fuɗɗii kadi salaade politikaaji faggudu (indigenisation) e kitaale 1970, o wiyi doosɗe leydi ina poti haɗde ƴettugol jawdi caggal leydi. E nder ɗuum, o sikki laamu nguu ina foti teeŋtinde ƴellitaare nde laamu nguu ardii. O ɓeydii hulɓinaade ko ɓeydagol yimɓe, toɓɓere nde o yejjitaani nde o woni e laamu, o wiyi Naajeeriyankooɓe yo njogo ɓesnguuji tokoosi "ngam nafoore faggudu maɓɓe e renndo-faggudu ngenndi". E nder duuɓi sappo e go’o caggal nde Obasanjo woppi laamu, o yaltinii defte nay. E hitaande 1980, Obasanjo wonnoo ko tedduɗo to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Ibadan, ɗo o winndi deftere wiyeteende My Command, daartol ko faati e geɗe makko e nder wolde hakkunde leyɗeele ; nde yalti ko e lewru noowammbar ndeen hitaande. Won e janngooɓe ñiŋii ko ɓe njiyri ko Obasanjo ina ŋakkira Murtala Muhammed, Robert Adeyinka Adebayo, mawɗo politik Yoruba, wiyi yo deftere ndee yaltine ngam haɗde nde aawde feccere. Ƴeewirde ɓurnde moƴƴude ndee waɗi ko sehil makko, hono Ken Saro-Wiwa, o innitiri ɗum masterly kono o sikki ko ɗum waɗi ballal rewindaade no feewi. E hitaande 1987, o yaltini Nzeogwu, deftere ciimtol sehil makko Chukwuma Nzeogwu, mo o gollodtonoo to Konngo. Hitaande 1989, deftere Obasanjo yaltini, wiyeteende Doosgal leydi ngam naatgol e ƴellitaare, nde o jeertini e hujjaaji Babangida ngam sosde laamu lanndaaji ɗiɗi e nder leydi Najeriya. E hitaande 1990, deftere makko tataɓere, wiyeteende Not my volonté yalti. Nde rokki ciimtol sahaa nde o laaminoo leydi ndii. Golle hakkunde leyɗeele: 1979-1993 E hitaande 1986 Obasanjo jokkondiri e Nelson Manndelaa. O hollitii wonde "ko kawral ngal meeɗaa yejjiteede. Mi yiyii e [Mandelaa] Afriknaajo worgo, ko Afriknaajo tigi rigi, kadi ko gardiiɗo winndere mo alaa ko woni e mum. O ɓuri ardiiɓe ɓe min kawri e mum en e nder Afrik worgo ɓee fof." E yiɗde jogaade semmbe e dingiral winnderewal, Obasanjo udditi Fedde Ardorde Afrik e nder ngesa mum Ota. Tuggi 1981 haa 1982, o jooɗiima kadi e Komiseer Palme, fedde nde gonnooɗo gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi Suwed, hono Olof Palme ardii, yeewtidnde ko fayti e ustude kaɓirɗe e kisal winndere. Obasanjo rewi heen ko e jeyeede e goomuuji nannduɗi e ɗii ɗoo, wonande Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe, Fedde Adunaare Cellal, e Goomu hakkunde-leyɗeewu ardiiɓe laamuuji ɓooyɗi. Nde Javier Pérez de Cuéllar, hooreejo Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe rafi, Obasanjo hiisetee ko potɗo lomtaade mo. Caggal nde Pérez de Cuéllar holliti woppii laamu, Obasanjo fuɗɗii kampaañ ngam lomtaade mo. E woote Goomu Kisal Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe, o woni tataɓo, tawi ko Boutros Boutros-Ghali, Ejiptnaajo, ƴetti darnde ndee. O yalti galle makko e njilluuji keewɗi; e hitaande 1986 o yilliima Japon, e hitaande 1987 o yilliima U.S. E nder luural hakkunde leyɗeele dentuɗe Amerik ngam yiɗde ɓurde yooɗde e Afrik worgo, nanondiraama wonde fedde wiyeteende Eminent Persons Group (EPG) ina sosee ngam fuɗɗoraade kaaldigal e laamu Afrik worgo ngam wallitde ɗum e ustude apartaayd. E dow wasiyaaji cukko hooreejo leydi Naajeeriya, hono Emeka Anyaoku, Obasanjo suɓaama ngam ardaade fedde nde e wonndude e gonnooɗo gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi Ostarali, hono Malcolm Fraser. Obasanjo jaɓi e dow fenaande. E lewru feebariyee 1986, kanko e Fraser ɓe njahi to wuro wiyeteengo Cape Town ɗo ɓe naamndii ngam hawritde e Nelson Manndelaa, daraniiɗo apartaayd, tergal mawngal e nder fedde wiyeteende Congres National Africaine (ANC) haɗaande. Ko Obasanjo tan yamiraa jokkondirde e Manndelaa ; o wiyi caggal ɗuum wonde omo weltii e makko no feewi. Ndeen Obasanjo hawrii e mawɓe ANC wonɓe e egguɓe to Lusaka. E lewru marse 1986, EPG oo fof yilliima Afrik worgo, e nder yonta mo jiiɓru e fitinaaji nder galleeji ɓeydii mawnude.Ko ɗoon ɓe kawri e mawɓe laamu nguu, ina jeyaa heen gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi ndii hono P. W. Botha, mo Obasanjo siftini caggal ɗuum wonde ko neɗɗo ɓurɗo muñde mo meeɗaa hawrude. Ciimtol EPG ngol hollitii wonde, so tawii ko ɓuri heewde e yimɓe Afrik worgo ina njiɗi nanondiral ngal alaa ko bonnata hakkunde laamu nguu e pelle luulndiiɗe apartaayd, gadano oo yiɗaa miijaade ɗum, tee alaa ko yahri yeeso no feewi ngam joofnude apartaayd. EPG noon hollitii wonde ina haani ɓeydaade tiiɗnaade e nder winndere ndee. Goomu Commonwealth jaɓii ko ciimtol ngol holliti, tawi Angalteer ina luulndii ɗum ; ɗum addani Obasanjo ɓeydaade mettinde Thatcher. Ndeen Commonwealth yamirii mo yo o ardo goomu ngam yuurnitaade ko Dowlaaji Dentuɗi ɗii poti daranaade koye mum en e njiimaandi Afrik worgo. Caggal nde Botha lomtinaa F. W. de Klerk, ooɗoo ɗiɗaɓo yaltini Manndelaa kasoo. Ina jeyaa e ɗanle Mandelaa gadane caggal leydi, to Niiseer, ɗo o yilli Obasanjo to galle mum. Lebbi ɗiɗi caggal ɗuum, Obasanjo ardii delegaasiyoŋ Najeriya to Afrik worgo ngam yeewtidde e yimɓe mawɓe politik. E lewru suwee 1991, o yilliima kadi, o wiyi hooreejo Zulu en, hono Mangosuthu Buthelezi, yo waɗ kaaldigal e pelle goɗɗe ngam wallitde dartinde apartaayd e waɗde woote timmuɗe. Obasanjo kadi golliima e ƴellitaare nokkuuji goɗɗi e nder Afrik. O yilliima Angalteer laabi ɗiɗi e nder hitaande 1988, o wallitii e darnde ngam joofnude wolde hakkunde leyɗeele toon. O yilliima kadi Sudaan laabi tati hakkunde 1987 e 1989, tawi o dañaani heen nafoore, o hirjinii kaaldigal ngam joofnude wolde ɗiɗmere Sudaan. Ndeen o wonii ƴeewoowo e wooteeji gardagol leydi Mosammbik e hitaande 1994. E hitaande 1994 e 1995, o yilliima Burundi, o golliima ngam deeƴnude caɗeele hakkunde leƴƴi Hutu en e Tutsi en. O fuɗɗinooma noddude jokkondiral ɓurngal ɓadaade e nder Afrik, o wiyi ɗum ina waawi heɓtineede e sosde feddeeji jeegom diiwaanuuji. E lewru suwee 1987, o ƴettiino peeje ngam yuɓɓinde Fedde Ardorde Afrik, nde wallitta rokkude karallaagal e heblo wonande politikaaji ummoriiɗi e duunde he kala. Nde fuɗɗii waɗde batuuji, anndiraaɗi « Dialogues de la maison de la ferme » , gila e galle Obasanjo fotde laabi jeegom e nder hitaande. Kadi nde waɗii batuuji winndereeji kala lewru, nde yaltinii jaaynde kala lewru, wiyeteende “Forum Afrique” hakkunde 1991 e 1993. Haɓde e Abacha: 1992-1995 Obasanjo hollitii kulhuli mum, sibu, hay so tawii o wiyi ina wallita gartugol demokaraasi, Babangida alaa ko anniyaaki so wonaa woppude laamu konu. Caggal nde wooteeji gardagol leydi ndi ndarnaa e hitaande 1992, Obasanjo e Anthony Enahoro ndarni fedde ngam demokaraasi e laamu moƴƴu e nder leydi Najeriya. Joɗnde adannde fedde ndee hawri ko e 31 neɗɗo politik nder leydi to Ota e lewru mee 1993. Wooteeji mbaɗi caggal ɗuum e lewru suwee 1993, tawi yimɓe seeɗa tawtoraama. Moshood Abiola mo lannda Social Democratic (SDP) heɓi, kono Babangida ndeen woppii njeñtudi woote ɗee, fodaniino woote ɗiɗmere ko ɓooyaani. SDP salii kala woote ɗiɗmere nde tawnoo ɓe mbiyi ko kanndidaa maɓɓe heɓiino woote gadane ɗee. Ndeen Babangida jaɓii woppude laamu ngam suɓaade laamu siwil jooɗiiɗo, ngu Ernest Shonekan ardii, ngu heɓi laamu e lewru ut 1993, ngu ƴetti peeje ngam waɗde wooteeji kesi e lewru feebariyee 1994. Seneraal Sani Abacha siftinii gooto e gorko gooto, mo wondude e do-gooders woɗɓe, eɓɓi ñaamde wumre ndee. Heddiiɓe ɓee mbayliima tan, oo Samariyanke nannduɗo e moƴƴo [...] arti ngam ƴettude pot suukara e juuɗe wumre ndee ngam hoore mum. Kadi, ko ɓuri heewde e men Nijeernaaɓe, ko en ƴeewooɓe, en mbeltiima. E nder kala sababuuji, ŋakkaani tawtoraaɓe e ñaamde ndee. Kadi ɓe ngoppaani batte moraal. — Obasanjo, e dow kuudetaa Sani Abacha, hitaande 1994 E oon sahaa, Sani Abacha tiiɗtinii doole mum e konu, e lewru noowammbar 1993, o felliti Shonekan yo woppu laamu, o acci hoore makko ƴettude laamu. Obasanjo noddiino Abacha ko adii kuudetaa oo, ina ñaagii ɗum nde woppataa ngalɗoo laawol. Caggal nde Abacha heɓti laamu, o wiyi Obasanjo yo jokkondir e makko. Ko sakkitii koo waɗii, kono salii wallitde laamu Abacha haa nde anndini ñalngu ngu yaltata e hoore mum. Ndeen Abacha momtii lanndaaji politik gonɗi ɗii e juɓɓule demokaraasiije, o noddi politikaaji ummoriiɗi e nokkuuji ceertuɗi yo naata e Diisnondiral makko Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe ; Obasanjo salii toɗɗaade hay gooto e ndeeɗoo diiso. Obasanjo fuɗɗi jeertinde wonde Naajeeriya ina yahra e wolde hakkunde leyɗeele woɗnde e nder feccere leƴƴi, e lewru mee 1994 kanko e Yar'Adua ɓe ndarni fedde wiyeteende National Unity Promoters, fedde daraniinde haɗde ndeeɗoo feere. E lewru Juko, Abiola anndini hoore mum hooreejo lesdi Naajeeriya, nden o nanngaama ngam janfa. Hay so tawii Obasanjo saliima jaɓde haala Abiola, o wasiyiima Abacha nde woppataa ɗum. Ndeen o ardiima fedde ardiiɓe aadaaji e batu ngu ɓe ndarni ngam fuɗɗoraade kaaldigal hakkunde Abacha e Abiola. Jaɓugo maako wallugo Abiola mettini Yoruba'en ɗuuɗɓe, jawdi Obasanjo haa lesdi Yoruba'en ɗon ƴama.Obasanjo mettini bee ko o yi'i bana jukkungo ngam o wallitaako nafuuda sectari'en Yoruba'en. E lewru marse 1995, Obasanjo ina wonnoo to leydi Danemark ngam tawtoreede batu Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe ngam ɓamtaare renndo to Kopenhag. Nde o woni ton, o nani Yar'Adua nanngaama, malla o heɓan bana non to o warti Naajeeriya. O wiyi noon o wiyi alaa ko o waɗi, o felliti hootde. Waɗi sahaa gooto to Aeroport Lagos, passport makko nanngaa, janngo mum, polis ƴetti mo e galle makko Ota. Polis tuumi Obasanjo ina jokkondiri e kuudetaa mo Abacha waɗi, mo kolonel Lawan Gwadabe yuɓɓini. Obasanjo nawtaama hakkunde nokkuuji deentorɗi ceertuɗi, tawi gonnooɗo hooreejo leydi Amerik hono Carter e hoore mum jokkondirii e Abacha ngam ɗaɓɓude yo Obasanjo woppe. Ndeen Obasanjo artiraama to Ota, o waɗtaa e kasoo fotde lebbi ɗiɗi, e nder ɗuum o haɗaama heɓde jaayɗe, telefoŋ, walla njilluuji. Goɗɗo e tuumaaɗo wonde ina jeyaa e kuudetaa oo, hono Kolonel RSB Bello-Fadile, awokaa konu, ina wondi e caɗeele, e nder ɗuum o siifondiri e bayyinaango wonde o yahiino to Ota ngam humpitaade Obasanjo ko fayti e kuudetaa oo no woniri e peewnugol. Ɗum huutoraama ngam seedeeji ngam ñaawde Obasanjo e suuɗde fenaande, ko ɗum huunde nde sariyaaji leydi Najeriya mbaɗi.Ndeen o nawaama to nokku naamne kisal leydi ndii to Ikoyi. Abacha wiyi yo Obasanjo ñaawe e yeeso ñaawirdu konu, ñaawirdu nduu waɗi ñalnde 19 suwee 1995. E nder ñaawoore ndee, Obasanjo yedditii wonde RSB Bello-Fadile meeɗaa hawrude e makko. RSB Bello-Fadile kadi hollitii wonde o siifondirii e bayyinaango ngo Obasanjo jogori waɗde e dow doole, kono ñaawirdu nduu saliima ndeeɗoo ruttaade. Ñalnde 14 sulyee, ñaawirde ndee ñaawi Obasanjo duuɓi 25 kasoo ; Yar'Adua e woɗɓe sappo e nayo kadi tuumaaɗo wonde e nder fedde nde, ñaawaama warngo.Obasanjo caggal ɗuum noddi ɗum "ñalngu mum ɓurngu mettude". Caggal nde hooreejo leydi Amerik biyeteeɗo Bill Clinton holliti wonde leydi mum ina jogori haɗde petroŋ leydi Naajeeriya so tawii ɗeen warngooji mbaɗii, Abacha wayli ñaawoore maɓɓe, o ustii ñaawoore Obasanjo haa duuɓi 15. Kasoo: 1995-1998 Obasanjo waɗi lebbi nay garooji ɗii ko e nokku biyeteeɗo Ikoyi Centre, ɗo o fuɗɗii nanngeede e nder kasoo gooto. Ndeen o nawaama to kasoo mawɗo Lagos, Kirikiri, ɗo o woni e opitaal kasoo ngam rafi hipertension e jabet. Sarɗiiji Kirikiri ina keewi, ina ŋakki, Obasanjo wiyi wonde « yiɗaa ɗum e gaño am ɓurɗo bonde ». Ko ɗoon RSB Bello-Fadile ñaagii Obasanjo yaafuya sabu mum ƴattaade ɗum, Obasanjo yaafni ɗum. Ndeen winndannde nde RSB Bello-Fadile winndi ngam humpitaade ngonka kaa, yaltinaama e kasoo, yaltinaa, wallitii hollirde wonde Obasanjo alaa ko o waɗi. Caggal jonte keewɗe, Obasanjo e woɗɓe tuumaaɓe waɗde fedde ndee, njaltinaama to kasoo Jos to diiwaan hakkundeejo, to diiwaan Plateau ɗo ɓe ngoni lebbi keewɗi. Obasanjo fuɗɗinoo hokkaama tan ko Biibal e Quraana ngam janngude, kono seeɗa-seeɗa o acci binndi ɓurɗi yaajde. Binndol kadi ina rokka mo, ina addana mo jokkondirde e yimɓe e juɓɓule ceertuɗe, haa jooni Stella ina jaɓa yillaade mo lewru kala laawol gootol. Mandelaa e Pape Jean Paul II fof noddii yo o woppe, tawi noon sosiyeteeji Inndo e Almaañ fof ina ndokki mo njeenaaje winndereeje.Forum ardorde Afrik yaltinii defte ɗiɗi ɓataakeeji e binndanɗe binndaaɗe ngam teddinde mo ; Forum oo e hoore mum dogiino ummoraade Accra to Ganaa ngam daɗde e tooñanngeeji laamu Abacha. E fuɗɗoode hitaande 1996, Obasanjo ummiima Jos, fayti e kasoo ɓurɗo woɗɗude to Yola, to diiwaan Adamawa. Ko ɗoon o jaɓaa remde gesa.[194] Obasanjo hollitii wonde e nder kasoo o ɓeydii luggiɗde e goonɗinal makko e Kerecee’en, o ɓadtii Alla,[194] o wonti Kerecee’en jibinaaɗo.[195] Gila ndeen, diine kerecee en ina joginoo darnde ɓurnde mawnude e nder yi’annde makko aduna. To Yola, o waajii 28 waaju yontere kala caggal nde jaagorɗe njilluuji ndartinaa e wakkati seeɗa. O winndi ɗeen waajuuji, o acci ɗi njaltina nde o yalti.[195] Obasanjo kadi etinooma moƴƴinde yoga e sukaaɓe kasoo, rewrude e yahrude yeeso maɓɓe nde o wonti neɗɗo dimo.[196] Obasanjo hulii wonde maa o tooke, haa teeŋti noon e nder haalaaji renndo wonde maayde Yar'adua ko tooke anniya.[197] Abacha sankii ɗoon e ɗoon e lewru suwee 1998, caggal ɗuum komanndaaji konu nguu toɗɗii Seneraal Major Abdulsalaami Abubakar lomto makko. Yontere caggal mum, Abubakar yamiri yo Obasanjo woppe, o neldi laana ndiwoowa ngam artirde mo to Ota.[197] E yiɗde wartirde leydi Naajeeriya e laamu siwil, Abubakar fusi lanndaaji e juɓɓule leydi ndi gonɗe heen ɗee, o anndini peeje ɗe ngaddanta hooreejo leydi siwil toɗɗaade e lewru mee 1999.[198] Kampaañ ngam suɓaade hooreejo leydi : 1998-1999 Jooni ko o neɗɗo dimo, Obasanjo yahiino Afrik worgo, Angalteer, e Amerik, ɗo o safraa.[199] Lanndaaji politik kesi ina mbaɗa e nder leydi Najeriya, gooto e ɓurɓe mawnude e majji ko lannda Demokaraasi Leƴƴi (PDP), fedde nde yiɗnoo ko yaajde no feewi, so tawii ko e laamu, nde haɗata kuudetaaji garooji.[199] Terɗe PDP mawɗe ndartinii Obasanjo ngam wonde kanndidaa hooreejo leydi. Ɓe cikkatnoo ko omo waawi yamirde teddungal winnderewal, kadi ko o neɗɗo militeer, omo waawi jogaade leydi ndii e dow kuudetaaji garooji e dille seertuɗe. Ɓe mbi'i kadi Naajeeriya ɗon mari haaje hooreejo lesdi fombina ngam foondugo ardungal maako arandewal haa woyla, nden Obasanjo holli hoore maako bana fombina mo walaa ƴamol dow fombina.[200] Sehilaaɓe e ɓesngu ina mbiya yo o dog, mbiyi o bonnat innde makko moƴƴere walla o wara. Obasanjo hollitii wonde o saliima, kono ñalnde 28 lewru nduu o naati e lannda PDP, yontere caggal ɗuum o hollitii wonde o woni ko e waɗde hoore makko ngam wonde kanndidaa hooreejo lannda ka.[201] E nder kampaañ makko, o teeŋtinii yiɗde makko artirde ko o sikki ko ndonu laamu moƴƴu nde o yalti e laamu e hitaande 1979.[202] E nder dingiral mooftugol kaalis, o dañii N356 miliyoŋ, heen N120 miliyoŋ ko njulaagu Aliko Dangote rokki ɗum. Ko ɓuri heewde e ɗeen dokke ummorii ko e worɓe militeer en e njuɓɓudi njulaagu kesiri.[202] O yilliima leydi ndii, o waɗii konnguɗi e ɗaɓɓude heɗtiiɓe e yimɓe teeŋtuɓe ; ƴamde guwerneeruuji dowlaaji ko huunde maantiniinde e mbaadi makko.[203] Kampaañ makko ina ɓuuɓna kampaañ makko mawɗo, hono Alex Ekwueme, mo yimɓe worgo e konu nguu ngoongɗinaani no feewi.[204] PDP ina heɓa leydi e nder leydi Najeriya, ina hollita wonde ko kañum woni lannda ɓurka waawde e nder wooteeji laamu nokkuuji ɗii e lewru Duujal 1998, e wooteeji diiwaanuuji ɗii e lewru Yarkomaa 1999, e wooteeji Senaa e suudu sarɗiiji e lewru Feebariyee 1999.[205] Ñalnde 14 feebariyee 1999, batu PDP noddaa ngam suɓaade kanndidaa mum to hooreejo leydi. Obasanjo heɓi 1 658 woote, Ekwueme heɓi 521, e kanndidaaji joy keddiiɗi ɗii 260.[206] E ɗaɓɓude neɗɗo worgo ngam wonde cukko hooreejo leydi PDP, Obasanjo suɓii Atiku Abubakar.[207] Woote hooreleydaagu mbaɗi ko ñalnde 27 feebariyee ; Ko Olu Falae mo APP tan woni luutndiiɗo Obasanjo. Fotde feccere e fotɓe suɓaade ɓee mbaɗii noon, won heen ko fenaande hay so tawii alaa ko bonnata. Taƴre laawɗunde ndee rokkii Obasanjo 63% e wooteeji ɗii ; ko kanko woni majjuɗo e nder dowlaaji jeegom ɗii fof e nder leydi makko Yoruba.[208] Hooreejo leydi (1999-2007) Manndaa gadano (1999-2003) Siile hooreejo leydi Naajeeriya Caggal nde o riiwti ɗum, Obasanjo naati e nder galle hooreejo leydi to Aso Rock e lewru mee 1999 caggal nde o hunni hooreejo leydi to Eagle Square to Abuja.[209] Nde o toɗɗii laamu maako kesu, o suɓi ministaajo ɗuuɗɗum diga woylaare lesdi Naajeeriya, koo ngam ko ɓuri ɗuuɗugo nder maɓɓe woni Kirista'en, ɗum mettini woɓɓe juulɓe woylaare lesdi Naajeeriya. Ɓeen ñiŋooɓe ina keewi sifaade wonde kabine Obasanjo ina ɓooyi no feewi, ina ŋakkiraa humpito, haa teeŋti noon so tawii ko e geɗe faggudu.[210] E nder laamu makko gadano, toɓɓe ndimaagu ɗe Naajeeriya’en keɓata ɓeydii; ndimaagu jaayndeeji ina addana hooreejo leydi ndi ñiŋde no feewi.[211] E nder lebbi gadani laamu makko, Obasanjo woppii fotde 200 ofisee militeer, tawi heen 93 fof ina njogii jappeere politik, ɗum noon ko kuudetaa mo ofiseeji keewɗi humpito mbaɗata ina famɗi.[209] O ummini kadi ministeer defansiyoŋ gila Lagos haa Abuja, ngam tabitinki ɗum waddaama les njiimaandi laamu ɓurndi laaɓtude.[209] Manndaa ɗiɗaɓo (2003-2007) Obasanjo suɓaama kadi e woote 2003 ɗe njuumtaani, tawi ina waɗi caɗeele leƴƴi e diineeji. Gaño makko mawɗo, gonnooɗo laamɗo konu Seneraal Muhammadu Buhari, ko juulɗo, o heɓi ballal makko ko ɓuri heewde ko e fuɗnaange. Obasanjo heɓi 61,8% e woote ɗe, o fooli Buhari ko ɓuri miliyoŋaaji 11 woote.[212] E lewru noowammbar 2003, Obasanjo ñiŋaama sabu kuulal mum rokkude asilo hooreejo leydi Liberiya, hono Charles Taylor.[213] Ñalnde 12 lewru juko hitaande 2006, o siifondiri nanondiral Greentree e hooreejo leydi Kameruun Paul Biya nanondiral ngal joofniri luural keeri hakkunde duunde Bakassi.[214] Hay so tawii Senaa leydi Najeriya ƴettii kuulal ngam wiyde wonde ittugol konu leydi Najeriya e nder duunde Bakassi ko huunde nde fotaani, Obasanjo rokki yamiroore nde jokkata no haanirta nii.[215] E manndaa makko ɗiɗaɓo, Obasanjo jokki e daranaade yaajnude doole polis leydi ndii, haa arti noon e 325 000 polis e hitaande 2007.[216] Fitinaaji laddeeji jokkuɗi hakkunde juulɓe e kerecee en e nder diiwaan Plateau addani Obasanjo bayyinde toon laamu nguu e lewru mee 2004, o dartini laamu diiwaan oo, o darni laamu konu lebbi jeegom.[217] Ñalnde 22 lewru nduu hitaande 2005, guwerneer diiwaan Abia e oon sahaa, hono Orji Uzor Kalu, rokki EFCC ɗaɓɓaande ngam tuumaade wonde Obasanjo waɗii golle bonɗe.[218] Ajenda manndaa tataɓo Obasanjo ina wondi e luural ko fayti e « Agenda mum tataɓo » , woni peeje ngam waylude doosgal leydi ndii mbele omo waawa jogaade manndaa tataɓo, duuɓi nay, e gardagol leydi ndii. Ɗum waɗii ƴamol nder jaayndeeji siyaasaaku nder Naajeeriya, nden boo kuugal ngal jaɓaaka nder Asamblee lesdi.[219][220] Ko ɗum waɗi Obasanjo woppi laamu caggal wooteeji gardagol leydi e lewru abriil 2007.[221] E nder yeewtere hesere nde o waɗdunoo e teleeji Channels, Obasanjo saliima jeyeede e ko wiyetee « Ajenda tataɓo ». O wi'i ɗum Asamblee lesdi Naajeeriya ɗon mari limngal limngal limngal limngal lesdi Naajeeriya. Obasanjo wiyi : "mi meeɗaa fiyde miijo manndaa tataɓo."[222] pqumdykn8akchb3mc2kzj4yj5vhiq3k 175777 175776 2026-06-22T20:24:35Z Ilya Discuss 10103 #1Lib1Ref 175777 wikitext text/x-wiki Mawɗo Olusegun Matthew Okikiola Ogunboye Aremu Obasanjo GCFR (// C; Yoruba: Olúṣẹ́gun Ọbásanjọ́ [ōlúʃɛ́ɡũ̄ ɔ̄básã̄d͡ʒɔ́] R; jibinaa ko c. ndema, e gonnooɗo seneraal konu gonnooɗo hooreejo leydi Naajeeriya gila 1976 haa 1979, caggal ɗuum o woni hooreejo leydi ndii gila 1999 haa 2007. To bannge miijo, ko o ngenndiyanke Naajeeriya, o jeyaa ko e lannda Demokaraasi Leƴƴi (PDP) gila 1998 haa 2019. Obasanjo jibinaa ko e wuro Ibogun-Olaogun, e nder galle remoowo, jeyaaɗo e leñol Owu, Obasanjo janngi ko ɓuri heewde e wuro wiyeteengo Abeokuta, to diiwaan Ogun. O naati konu leydi Naajeeriya, o janngi ko faati e inndeeji, o golliima to Konngo, Angalteer, e Inndo, o arti e darnde Major. E darorɗe kitaale 1960, o waɗii darnde mawnde e haɓaade seernaaɓe Biafra e nder wolde hakkunde leyɗeele Nijeer, o jaɓi dogde e hitaande 1970. E hitaande 1975, kuudetaa konu sosi junta e Obasanjo e nder laamu mum tati. Caggal nde hooreejo triumvirate, hono Murtala Muhammed, waraa e hitaande rewtunde ndee, Diiso toowngo konu toɗɗii Obasanjo hooreejo leydi ndii. Jokkude politik Murtala, Obasanjo ƴeewtindiima taƴgol bidsee e yaajnude jaŋde ekkolaaji ɗi ngalaa njoɓdi. Ɓesdugo hawtuki lesdi Naajeeriya bee lesdi Amerika, o teddini kadi ballal pelle luutndiiɗe laamu ɓaleeɓe pamari nder Afrika woylaare. Obasanjo ɗon mari haaje wartirgo demokaraasi, o ardi woote 1979, ɓaawo man o hokki laamu lesdi Naajeeriya haa hooreejo lesdi siwil keso, Shehu Shagari. Ndeen Obasanjo artii e golle mum to Ota, Ogun, ɗo o wonti demoowo, o yaltini defte nay, o tawtoraama eɓɓooji winndereeji ngam joofnude hareeji Afrik ceertuɗi. E hitaande 1993, Sani Abacha heɓti laamu e kuudetaa konu. Obasanjo ina ñiŋa laamu Abacha e peeñcu, e hitaande 1995 o nanngaa, o ñaawaa wonde o jeyaa ko e kuudetaa peewnaaɗo, hay so tawii o seppii wonde o alaa ella. Nde o woni e kasoo ndee, o wonti Kerecee’en jibinaaɗo, tawi ko providentialism ina tiiɗtini no feewi e yi’annde makko aduna caggal ɗuum. O woppitaama caggal maayde Abacha e hitaande 1998. Obasanjo naati e politik wooteeji, o wonti kanndidaa PDP e wooteeji hooreleydaagu 1999, ɗi o dañi. Ko o hooreejo leydi, o woppi politik militeer en, kamɓe ɗiɗo fof ɓe njaajni polis, ɓe moofti konu ngam haɓaade fitinaaji leƴƴi, diineeji, e seernaaɓe jaajɗi. O itti sooje'en lesdi Naajeeriya diga lesdi Siyeraa Leone, o hokki hukuumaaji pamari feere-feere ngam ustugo ceede lesdi ndi'i. O artiraa e woote 2003. E nder miijooji Pan-Afrik, o woniino daraniiɗo no feewi sosde Dental Afrik, o woniino hooreejo mayre tuggi 2004 haa 2006. Eɓɓooje Obasanjo ngam waylude doosɗe leydi ngam ittude keeri manndaa hooreejo leydi, ɗe njahraani no haanirta nii, ɗe ngaddani ɗum ñiŋooje. Caggal nde o woppi golle, o heɓi doktoraa makko e ganndal diine to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde National Open to leydi Najeriya. Nguurndam gadano Baaba Olusegun Obasanjo, Obasanjo Bankole, jeyaa ko e ardiiɓe hoɗɓe e sosɓe wuro Igbogun Olaogun e fuɗɗoode kitaale 1920. Hay so tawii ko o demoowo keewɗo jawdi, o jom jawdi en, omo hiisee wonde miskiino sabu o jeyaaka e yimɓe jannguɓe e nder leydi Yoruba. Bankole hawri e Bernice Ashabi, njulaagu tokooso to Igbogun, kamɓe ɗiɗo fof ɓe resndi. Ɓeeɗoo ɗiɗo ina njogii ɓiɓɓe ɗiɗo heddiiɓe e nder jeegom : Olusegun e Adunni Oluwola, miñiiko debbo gooto. E wiyde paaspoor makko, Olusegun Obasanjo jibinaa ko ñalnde 5 marse 1937 hay so tawii noon alaa ko winndaa e mum hannde, ñalngu nguu ko limto ɓadiiɗo. Olusegun ko jeyaaɗo e Laamu Owu. O mawni ko e Baptiste. Debbo makko caggal mum naati lislaam ngam resde gorko juulɗo.[9] E duuɓi sappo e go'o, o naati duɗal leslesal wuro ngo,[10] caggal duuɓi tati, e hitaande 1951, o naati duɗal Baptist Day to nokku Owu to Abeokuta.[11] E hitaande 1952 o arti e duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde sukaaɓe Baptist,[12] kadi e nder wuro ngo. Feccere e njoɓdi duɗal makko ko dokke laamu.[13] Obasanjo waɗii ko moƴƴi e jaŋde,[14] e nder duɗal o wonti Boy Scout keewɗo faayiida.[15] Hay so tawii alaa ko holliti wonde e oon sahaa o tawtoraama kala pelle politik,[15] ko e nder duɗal hakkundeewal Obasanjo salii innde makko adannde "Matthew" ngam wonde golle luulndiiɗe koloñaal.[16] E nder ɗuum, baaba Obasanjo woppi debbo mum e sukaaɓe mum ɗiɗo.[17] Nde o yani e baasal, yumma Obasanjo ina foti golloraade njulaagu ngam wuurde.[15] Ngam yoɓugo ceede janngirde maako, Obasanjo ɗon huuwa haa gese kakawo e kola, ɗon ligga, ɗon mooɓa leɗɗe, ɗon sooda ceene mahooɓe. E nder balɗe udditgol duɗal ngal kadi o golliima e duɗal ngal, omo taƴa huɗo e golle juuɗe goɗɗe.[18] E hitaande 1956, Obasanjo waɗi jaŋde mum hakkundeere, caggal nde o ñamli kaalis ngam yoɓde njoɓdi naatgol.[19] E oon hitaande kadi, o fuɗɗii jokkondirde e Oluremi Akinlawon, ɓiy Owu mawɗo station. Ɓe ndarniino dewgal haa hitaande 1958.[20] O yalti duɗal, o fayi Ibadan, o ƴetti golle jannginde. Ko ɗoon o jooɗii e ekzamen naatgol to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Ibadan, kono hay so o jaɓii o tawi o waawaa yoɓde njoɓdi jaŋde.[19] Ndeen Obasanjo fellitii jokkude golle mum e nder konu leydi Najeriya, ngam heɓde ngal gollal, e hitaande 1958 o jaabiima eɓɓoore ngam janngude ofiseeji cadet e nder konu leydi Najeriya.[21][22] Fuɗɗoode golle konu (1958-1966) Heblo konu: 1958-1959 E lewru marse 1958, Obasanjo naati e konu leydi Najeriya.[23] O yi’i ɗum ko fartaŋŋe jokkude jaŋde makko tawa omo heɓa njoɓdi;[24] o humpitaaki ɗoon e ɗoon ɓesngu makko, o hulii wonde jibnaaɓe makko ina njaɓa ɗum.[25] Ko e oon sahaa konu leydi Najeriya ina jokki e juuɗe laamu koloñaal leydi Najeriya, ngam heblude ndimaagu leydi Najeriya timmungu, kadi ina waɗi eɓɓooje ngam heɓde yimɓe leydi Najeriya ɓurɓe heewde e nder darnde konu mum.[25] Ndeen o neldaama to duɗal jaŋde ofiseeji jooɗɗi to Teshie to leydi Gana.[23] Nde o woni caggal leydi, o neldi ɓataakeeji e dokke to jom suudu makko to leydi Najeriya.[20] E lewru suwee 1958, o suɓaa ngam ɓeydaade heblo lebbi jeegom to duɗal Mons Officer Cadet to Aldershot, to fuɗnaange Angalteer. Obasanjo yiɗaa ɗum toon, o sikkatnoo ko ɗum juɓɓule njiyaagu e njiyaagu, o tawi ina saɗi ko jokkondiri e dumunna Engele ɓurɗo toowde e ɓuuɓde.[26] Nde semmbini miijooji makko bonɗi e laamu Biritaan e hakke mum laamaade e dow laamuuji mum koloñaal en.[24] To Mons, o heɓi komisoŋ e seedantaagal to bannge innde. Nde Obasanjo woni to leydi Angalteer, yumma mum maayi. Baaba makko ndeen maayi ko hitaande caggal ɗuum.[27] E hitaande 1959, Obasanjo arti Nijeer. Ko ɗoon o artiraa to Kaduna, o woni subaltern infanterie e bataliyoŋ joyaɓo.[27] Wakkati maako haa Kaduna woni wakkati arandejum nde Obasanjo jooɗi haa nokkure nde juulɓe ɗuuɗi.[27] Ko nde o woni toon, e lewru Oktoobar 1960, leydi Nijeer wonti leydi ndimaagu.[28][22] Kiiriis Konngo: 1960-1961 Ƴeew kadi: Kiriis Konngo Caggal ɗuum seeɗa, bataliyoŋ joyaɓo neldaa to Konngo ngam jeyeede e konu Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe ngam haɓaade jam. Ko ɗoon bataliyoŋ oo woni e nder diiwaan Kivu, tawi ko ɗoon woni Bukavu.[28] To leydi Konngo, Obasanjo e woɗɓe ina njoginoo darnde reende siwil en, haa arti noon e leñol Belsik, e soldateeɓe murtuɓe e laamu Patrice Lumumba.[28] E lewru feebariyee 1961, Obasanjo nanngaa e juuɗe murtuɓe nde o ummotoo e misiyoŋaaji katolik en e nder dingiral sara Bukavu. Mutinooɓe ɓee miijinoo ko warde mo kono ɓe njamiraama yo ɓe njaltu. E lewru mee 1961, bataliyoŋ joyaɓo ummii Konngo, arti Najeriya.[28] E nder wolde nde, o toɗɗaama kapiteen wakkati.[24] O teskiima caggal ɗuum wonde sahaa mo o woni e Konngo oo ina semmbina "fervour pan-africain" bataliyoŋ makko.[28] Gartugol e leydi Konngo: 1961-1966 Nde o arti, Obasanjo soodi oto makko gadano, o naati e opitaal ko juuti sabu rafi reedu. Nde o selli, o artiraa e Korse Innjiniyaaruuji konu. E hitaande 1962 o jooɗii to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Royal College to Angalteer. Ko ɗoon o ɓuri waawde, o siforaa ko "almuudo Commonwealth ɓurɗo waawde". Oon hitaande, o yoɓi Akinlawon ngam yahde Londres ɗo o waawi naatde e kursus heblo. Ɓeeɗoo ɗiɗo resndi ɗum ko e lewru suwee 1963 to biro binnditagol Camberwell Green, ɓe nganndini ɓesnguuji maɓɓe tan caggal nde ɓe mbaɗi hiirde ndee.E ndeen hitaande, Obasanjo yamiraama yo o hoot to leydi Nijeer, hay so tawii debbo makko ina heddii to Londres duuɓi tati goɗɗi ngam timminde jaŋde makko. Nde o naati Naajeeriya, Obasanjo hoosi ardungal konu Innjiniyaaruuji ladde, jooɗiiɗum haa Kaduna. E nder konu, Obasanjo ina jokki e yahrude yeeso e nder darɗe, o wonti mawɗo e hitaande 1965. O huutoriima ngalu makko ngam soodde leydi, e fuɗɗoode kitaale 1960 o heɓi jawdi to Ibadan, Kaduna, e Lagos. E hitaande 1965, Obasanjo neldaa leydi Inndo. E nder laawol, o yilliima debbo makko to Londres. To leydi Indiya, o janngi to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde toppitiingal ko fayti e cellal to Wellington, caggal ɗuum to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Innjiniyaaruuji to Poona. Obasanjo hulɓinii e heege nde o seedtii e nder leydi Indiya hay so tawii o ƴettii nafoore e pinal leydi ndii, huunde nde addani mo janngude defte diineeji nannditooji. Hare nder leydi Naajeeriya Winndannde mawnde: Hare nder leydi Najeriya Golle makko ko adii wolde hakkunde leyɗeele: 1966-1967 Obasanjo ummi Naajeeriya nder lewru January hitaande 1966 ngam heɓugo lesdi ndi'i nder kuudetaa konu ngu Major Emmanuel Ifeajuna ardii. Obasanjo ina jeyaa e jeertinɓe wonde ngonka kaa ina waawi jippaade e wolde nder leydi.O hollitii wonde maa o won hakkunde ƴaañooɓe kuudetaa e laamu siwil, ngu rokki laamu nguu e juuɗe hooreejo konu Johnson Aguiyi-Ironsi. Nde kuudetaa oo ronki, Olusegun hawri e Ironsi to Lagos. Ironsi ɓooyaani ko timmini fedde nde e nder leydi Najeriya rewrude e yamiroore mum kawral e lewru mee 1966, huunde nde ɓuuɓni jiiɓru leƴƴi. E darorɗe lewru sulyee, kuudetaa ɗiɗmo waɗi. To wuro Ibadan, sooja'en iwdi woyla lesdi Naajeeriya ɗon ƴama, ɓe mbari Ironsi, ɓe mbari fodde teemeɗɗe ɗiɗi sooje'en ko ɓuri ɗuuɗugo ɓe iwdi lesdi Naajeeriya. Seneraal Yaakubu Gowon heɓti laamu. Nde ooɗoo kuudetaa waɗata nde Obasanjo wonnoo ko to Maiduguri. Nande ɗum, o yaawi hootde Kaduna. Ko ɗoon o tawi konu worgo ummoriiɗo e bataliyoŋ tataɓo ina ronka, ina torloo, ina wara soldateeɓe Igbo en. Gomnaajo lesdi Naajeeriya, Hassan Katsina, annditi dow koo ngam Olusegun naa Igbo, bana no o woni mo woylaare lesdi Naajeeriya, o ɗon nder ɓilla haa sooja'en murtuɓe. Ngam reenaade ɓe, Katsina neldi Olusegun e debbo mum ngarta Maiduguri balɗe sappo, tawi fitinaaji ɗii ina ustoo. Caggal ɗuum, Obasanjo neldi debbo mum to Lagos, tawi omo hoota Kaduna kanko e hoore makko, o woni ɗoon haa lewru Yarkomaa 1967. E oon sahaa ko kanko woni ofisee Yoruba ɓurɗo mawnude tawaaɗo to bannge worgo. E lewru Yarkomaa 1967, Obasanjo toɗɗaama to Lagos ngam wonde mawɗo Injineer konu.Hare hakkunde leƴƴi Igbo e leƴƴi worgo ina jokki e ɓeydaade, e lewru mee, ofisee konu Igbo C. Odumegwu Ojukwu hollitii jeytaare nokkuuji ɓurɗi heewde Igbo e nder fuɗnaange-rewo leydi Bi. Ñalnde 3 lewru juko, laamu leydi Najeriya neldi Obasanjo to Ibadan ngam wonde hooreejo leydi Hirnaange.Hare hakkunde konu leydi Najeriya e seernaaɓe Biafran fuɗɗii ko ñalnde 6 lewru juko. Ñalnde 9 sulyee, Ojukwu neldi koloñaal konu Biafra dow pont Niiseer ngam yiɗde heɓtude Mid-West, nokku ɗo ɓe mbaawi ummoraade Lagos. Obasanjo yiɗiino uddude laabi jahduɗi e wuro ngo. Komandaajo Yoruba biyeteeɗo Victor Banjo, ardinooɗo konu njanngu Biafran, etinooma waawnude Obasanjo yoo ɓe njaltu, kono o salii. Kuugal konu lesdi: 1967-1970 "Kolonel Olu Obasanjo, gardinooɗo diɗɗal tataɓal". Jaaynde Naajeeriya keso, hello 7, 12 lewru Yarkomaa 1970. Gagga hare nder leydi Naajeeriya e Biafra. Ndeen Obasanjo toɗɗaama hooreejo caggal diɗɗal ɗiɗaɓal Murtala Muhammed, gollotoongal to Mid-Ouest. Obasanjo woni ko e jooɗaade to Ibadan, ko kañum halfinaa Division ɗiɗaɓo oo jogaade kaɓirɗe. E nder wuro ngo, Obasanjo jannginii course ganndal konu to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Ibadan, o mahi jokkondiral makko e nder elite Yoruba. E nder wolde nde, wonno ko jiiɓru mawndu e nder Dowla Hirnaange, ngam daɗde e ɗeen caɗeele, Obasanjo woppi golle mum e nder Diiso doosɗe Hirnaange.Nde Obasanjo woɗɗi Ibadan e lewru noowammbar 1968, gure jogiiɗe kaɓirɗe ɗe fedde remooɓe Agbekoya moofti, njani e galle laamorɗo Ibadan. Konuuji ɗii njaabtii, mbari sappo e fitinaaji ɗii. Nde Obasanjo arti o yamiri yo ñaawirde ƴeewto kewuuji ɗii. Yamiroore konu: 1967-1970 "Kolonel Olu Obasanjo, gardinooɗo diɗɗal tataɓal". Jaaynde Naajeeriya keso, hello 7, 12 lewru Yarkomaa 1970. Gagga hare nder leydi Naajeeriya e Biafra. Ndeen Obasanjo toɗɗaama hooreejo caggal diɗɗal ɗiɗaɓal Murtala Muhammed, gollotoongal to Mid-Ouest. Obasanjo ina jooɗii to Ibadan, ko kañum halfinaa Division ɗiɗaɓo oo jogaade kaɓirɗe. E nder wuro ngo, Obasanjo jannginii course ganndal konu to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Ibadan, o mahi jokkondiral makko e nder elite Yoruba. E nder wolde nde, wonno ko jiiɓru mawndu e nder Dowla Hirnaange, ngam daɗde e ɗeen geɗe, Obasanjo woppi golle e nder Diiso doosɗe Dowla Hirnaange. Nde Obasanjo woɗɗi Ibadan e lewru noowammbar 1968, wuro ngo ina jogii balɗe, ngo fedde remooɓe Agbekoya moofti, yani e galle laamorɗo Ibadan. Konuuji ɗii njaabtii, mbari sappo e fitinaaji ɗii. Nde Obasanjo arti o yamiri yo ñaawirde ƴeewto kewuuji ɗii. Gowon felliti lomtaade Kolonel Benjamin Adekunle, ardinooɗo njanngu Biafra, kono ina haani Yoruba mawɗo goɗɗo. O suɓii ko Obasanjo, hay so tawii noon o alaa humpito hare. Obasanjo arii Port Harcourt ngam heɓtude golle ɗee ñalnde 16 mee 1969 ; o ardii hannde hakkunde 35 000 e 40 000 soldaat. O waɗii jonte jeegom gadane ɗee ko e riiwtude njangu Biafran e Aba. O yilliima kala nokku e yeeso, o gaañiiɗo e waɗde ɗum. Ɗee golle ngaddi mo innde cuusal e nder worɓe makko E lewru desaambar, Obasanjo fuɗɗii golle Finishing Touch, yamiri konu mum yo yahru yeeso feewde Umuahia, ngu ɓe ƴetti ñalnde Natal. Ɗum taƴii Biafra e feccere. Ñalnde 7 lewru Yarkomaa 1970, o ummini ndeen « Operation Tail-Wind », o heɓti laana ndiwoowa Uli ñalnde 12 lewru Yarkomaa. E oon sahaa, ardiiɓe Biafran njaɓi yoɓde. Ñalnde 13 lewru nduu, Obasanjo jokkondiri e komandaajo konu Biafran biyeteeɗo Philip Effiong. Obasanjo wi'i sooja'en Biafran hokka balmi maɓɓe, nden boo suɓol ardiiɓe lesdi ndi'i ɗon yaha Lagos, ɓe hokka Gowon dow laawol. Janngo mum, Obasanjo haali e rajo diiwaan oo, o wiyi ɓiɓɓe leydi ndi yo njokku e galleeji mum en, o dartina kisal mum en. Biafranaaɓe heewɓe e jaayɗe goɗɗe ina kuli wonde konu leydi Najeriya ina waawi waɗde bonanndeeji keewɗi e yimɓe foolɓe ɓee, hay so tawii noon Obasanjo ina yiɗi haɗde ɗum. O yamiri konu makko e nder diiwaan hee yo heddo e nder galleeji mum en, jokkude wonde polis nokku oo ina foti ƴettude kuule ngam ƴellitde sariya e deeƴre. Division tataɓo, ɓurɗo woɗɗude, waɗii hareeji warngooji e yimɓe nokku oo. Obasanjo ina tiiɗi e waɗooɓe bonannde ndee, sibu waɗɓe warngooji ɗii mberlaama, waɗɓe warngooji ɗii mbardaa. Laamu Gowon waɗi Obasanjo kalfinaaɗo naatnude Biafra e nder leydi Najeriya, e nder oon darnde o heɓi teddungal ngam teeŋtinde mawngu. Ko o injenieer, o teeŋtinii artirde jolngo ndiyam ; haa lewru mee 1970 gure mawɗe diiwaan oo fof njokkondirii e jolngo ndiyam. Darnde Obasanjo e timminde wolde nde waɗi mo jaambaaro wolde, kadi ko o neɗɗo ganndiraaɗo e nder leydi Najeriya. Kuugal maako ɓaawo konu lesdi: 1970-1975 E lewru suwee 1970, Obasanjo arti Abeokuta, jamaanu jaɓɓii mo no jaambaaro garoowo nii. Ndeen o neldaama to Lagos, o woni Brigadier gardinooɗo Korse Innjiniyankooɓe. E lewru oktoobar, Gowon hollitii wonde laamu militeer en ina rokka laamu nguu laamu siwil e hitaande 1976. E nder ɗuum, haɗde lanndaaji politik ina heddii e doole ; Gowon yahri yeeso seeɗa e sosde laamu siwil. E les laamu sooja'en, Obasanjo jooɗi nder goomu limngal sooja'en lesdi Naajeeriya, ko laarani limngal sooja'en lesdi Naajeeriya nder duuɓi 1970. E hitaande 1974 Obasanjo yahi to leydi Angalteer ngam janngude to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Royal College to bannge diine. Nde o arti, e lewru Yarkomaa 1975 Gowon toɗɗii mo Komisariyaa Golle e Koɗki, golle ɗe o joginoo fotde lebbi jeeɗiɗi, e nder ɗuum o ɓuri waawde mahde kaɓirɗe konu. E hitaande 1970, Obasanjo soodi sosiyatee Libannaajo ɓooyɗo to Ibadan, o gollini heen awokaa ngam ƴellitde ɗum. E hitaande 1973 o winnditii fedde wiyeteende Temperance Enterprises Limited, nde o waawi waɗde heen golle njulaagu caggal nde o woppi golle konu. O jokki kadi e waɗde heen jawdi ; e hitaande 1974 o joginoo galleeji ɗiɗi to Lagos e gooto fof to Ibadan e Abeokuta. Haalaaji ummii wonde Obasanjo ina jokki e waɗde njulaagu nguu ina ɓeydoo yaajde e nder leydi Najeriya, hay so tawii noon alaa ko holliti ɗum ko laaɓti. Dewgal makko e Oluremi wonti caɗeele nde o salii jokkondiral makko e rewɓe woɗɓe. E cakkital kitaale 1970 dewgal maɓɓe fusi. E hitaande 1976 o resi Stella Abebe e nder kewu aadaaji Yoruba. E nder laamu Murtala Kuudetaa 1975 e caggal mum Binndanɗe mawɗe: Kuudetaa laamu Nijeer e hitaande 1975 e Kawtal konu Nijeer (1966–1979) E lewru sulyee 1975, kuudetaa e gardagol Shehu Muusaa Yar’Adua e Yuusuf Garba liɓi Gowon, o dogi fayti Angalteer. Ɓe kaalaani Obasanjo e peeje maɓɓe nde tawnoo omo anndiraa wonde kuudetaa ko kuutorgal waylude laamu. Kuudetaaji ɗii njiɗnoo ko lomtinde laamu otokaraasi Gowon nguu e laamu tati (triumvirate) brigadieruuji tati ɗi Diiso Toowngo Konu ina waawi haɗde kuule mum en. Ngalɗoo laamu tati, ɓe cemmbini Seneraal Murtala Muhammed yo won hooreejo leydi, Obasanjo woni ɗiɗaɓo e gardagol mum, Danjuma woni tataɓo. Daartoowo biyeteeɗo John Iliffe teskiima wonde e nder triumvirate, Obasanjo ko « puccu gollordu e ngaandi » , ko kanko ɓuri yaawde hootde e laamu siwil. E nder heen, triumvirate oo naatni peeje ustude ngalu ngam haɗde inflation, sosi Biro toppitiiɗo ko fayti e golle bonɗe, lomtini guwerneeruuji militeer en ɗii fof ofiseeji kesi, ɓe cifotoo ko Obasanjo woni hooreejo konu, ɓe puɗɗii "Operation Deadwood" mo ɓe ndartini ofiseeji civil 11,000. Mawɗo gollordu, suudu sarɗiiji: 1975–76 E lewru oktoobar 1975, laamu nguu hollitii peeje ngam waɗde woote ɗe mbaɗata ngam laamu siwil e lewru oktoobar 1979. Ngu hollitii kadi peeje ngam sosde goomu ngam ƴettude doosgal leydi kesal, tawi ko Obasanjo ɓuri waawde suɓaade terɗe goomu nguu 49. E dow wasiyaaji Komiseer Irifeke, laamu nguu hollitii kadi sosde dowlaaji jeeɗiɗi kesi ; e dow tiiɗnaare Obasanjo, Abeokuta ina foti wonde laamorgo gooto e ɗeen dowlaaji kesi, hono Ogun. Kadi dow wasiyaaji komitiiru ndun, ɓe anndini anniyaaji seeɗa-seeɗa ngam wurtinki laamorgo lesdi Naajeeriya diga Lagos haa Abuja ɓurduɗum caka. E lewru Yarkomaa 1976, Obasanjo e Danjuma fof ƴettaa e jappeere Lietnaa-Seneraal. Murtala e Obasanjo fof ina ndartini darnde ngam haɗde koloñaal Oropnaaɓe jokkude e njiimaandi ɓaleeɓe tokosɓe e nder Afrik worgo, ɗum noon ko huunde nde ɓe cuɓii e politik maɓɓe caggal leydi. Ngolɗoo sabaabu ina ɓeydoo wontude ngoƴa Obasanjo. Caggal nde Angolaa heɓti jeytaare mum e juuɗe Portigaal, wolde ɓesngu addi e leydi hee. Naajeeriya anndi laabi laamu ngu MPLA, fedde marxist en nde Dental Sowiyet walli, sabu laamu luulndiingu FNLA e UNITA ina mballita e laamu ɓaleeɓe tokosɓe to Afrik worgo. Ko jiidaa e rokkude MPLA ballal kaalis, Niiseer fuɗɗiima ƴattaade leyɗeele Afrik goɗɗe ngam kadi jaɓde njuɓɓudi MPLA, e fuɗɗoode hitaande 1976 ko ɓuri heewde e dowlaaji e nder Fedde Ngootaagu Afrik (OAU) mbaɗii ɗum. E lewru feebariyee 1976, Obasanjo ardii delegaasiyoŋ Najeriya ngam mawninde hitaande MPLA to Luanda, ɗo o wiyi : « ko ñalngu maantiniingu, ko ɗum fuɗɗoode hare sakkitiinde ngam haɓaade koloñaal, imperiyaalisma e njiyaagu e nder Afrik ». Warngo Murtala : 13 feebariyee 1976 E lewru feebariyee 1976, kolonel Buka Suka Dimka waɗi kuudetaa e laamu Nijeer, tawi ko ndeen Seneraal Murtala Muhammed waraa. Eɓɓoore kadi waɗaama e nguurndam Obasanjo, kono neɗɗo mo fotaani waraa. Dimka ŋakkiraa ballal mawngal e nder militeer en, kuudetaa makko ronki, ɗum addani mo dogde. Obasanjo tawtoraaki wirwirnde Murtala to Kano, kono o hollitii laamu nguu ina jogori yoɓde mahngo juulirde e nokku ɗo o wirnaa ɗoo. Caggal nde o waraa, Obasanjo tawtoraama batu Diiso Toowngo Konu. O hollitii yiɗde makko woppude laamu, kono Diiso ngoo heɓiino ɗaɓɓude yo o lomto Murtala e gardagol leydi ndii. Ko ɗum waɗi o wonti hooreejo diiso ngoo.E nder kulhuli makko e ɓeydagol eɓɓooji e nguurndam makko, Obasanjo naati e nder kasoo Dodan, tawi 39 neɗɗo tuumaaɗo wonde e nder kuudetaa Dimka mbaraa, ɗum jibini tuumeede wonde jaabawol Obasanjo ngol ina heewi. Ko Obasanjo woni hooreejo leydi ndi, o huniima jokkude dawrugol Murtala. Hooreejo leydi konu (1976-1979) Triumvirat konu E anndude kulhuli gonɗi e woɗɗude yimɓe woyla Naajeeriya, Obasanjo addi Seneraal Shehu Yar'Adua ngam lomtaade mo e ɗiɗaɓo e gardagol hooreejo konu, gardiiɗo jaagorɗe toowɗo timminoowo triumvirate militeer en, Obasanjo woni hooreejo leydi e Seneraal Theophilus Stajumabli ngam laamaade dow tato we- laamu konu. Obasanjo hirjinii jeewte e nanondiral hakkunde Diiso Toowngo Konu. Heewɓe ina kaawaa hol ko waɗi Obasanjo – hono Yoruba e Kerecee – toɗɗaade Yar’Adua, tergal e aristokraasi worgo, yo won gardiiɗo ɗiɗaɓo mum, wonaa banndiiko Yoruba Kerecee. Obasanjo teeŋtinii kulhuli ngenndiiji e dow ɗi diiwanuuji ɗii ; o hirjini sukaaɓe e mawɓe fof nde njanngata fodoore ngenndiire hesere ndee e jimɗi ngenndiiji ɗii. Nafoore heɓde miijooji ɓurɗi yaajde, ñalnde aset kala omo waɗa seminar mo alaa ko woni e mum so wonaa toɓɓere nde yimɓe ɓe ngonaa politikaaji e gollotooɓe laamu noddata. Ina jeyaa e ɓe o ɗaɓɓirta wasiyaaji mum en, annduɓe lislaam e mawɓe aadaaji. Politik faggudu Obasanjo wondude e hooreejo leydi Amerik biyeteeɗo Jimmy Carter to galle laamorɗo Amerik e hitaande 1977 E cakkital kitaale 1970, leydi Naajeeriya ina joginoo faggudu ɓurndu heewde doole, tawi noon ko 34% e inflation. Ngam haɓugo bee caɗeele faggudu lesdi Naajeeriya, Obasanjo tokki dabareeji cemmbiɗinki ceede ngam ustugo ceede laamu. E nder bidsee makko 1976, Obasanjo eɓɓi ustude njoɓdi laamu nguu fotde feccere, ustude eɓɓaaɗe tedduɗe, tawa ina ɓeyda njoɓdi jaŋde, cellal, galleeji, e ndema. O sosi kadi goomu ngam haɓaade inflation, e nder hitaande wootere caggal nde Obasanjo heɓi laamu, inflation ustii haa 30%. Obasanjo ina heewi yiɗde ñamlude kaalis, kono e ballal Banke Adunayankeewo e Fonds Monétaire International, Nijeer ƴetti ñamlude miliyaaruuji 1 dolaar e fedde bankeeji. Ɓeen ñiŋooɓe leftist en mbiyi wonde waɗde ɗum ina addana leydi ndii ɗooftaade kapitaalisma. E nder duuɓi ɗiɗi garooji ɗii, laamu Obasanjo, Nijeer ƴettii 4 983 miliyoŋ dolaar goɗɗo. Naajeeriya ina wondi e ɓeydagol fotde 3% hitaande kala e nder kitaale 1970, huunde nde fotnoo ɓeydaade fotde laabi ɗiɗi e nder duuɓi 25 seeɗa. Obasanjo teskiima caggal ɗuum wonde o anndaa ɗum e oon sahaa, sibu laamu makko alaa politik e ƴellitde yimɓe. Ɓeydagol yimɓe leydi Naajeeriya addani ɓe ɓeydaade yaawde e nder gure mawɗe e ŋakkeende cuuɗi e nder gure. Ngam haɓaade ɗum, bidsee Obasanjo e hitaande 1976 hollitii peeje mahngo 200 000 galle keso haa hitaande 1980, hay so tawii noon ko 28 500 tan mahaa.E hitaande 1976, laamu Obasanjo kadi hollitii wonde ina jogori ƴellitde renndo e cogguuli. Ngam haɓaade jiiɓru seppooji gollotooɓe, e hitaande 1976 laamu Obasanjo yaltinii sariyaaji cifotooɗi ko ɓuri heewde e gollorɗe mawɗe ko sarwisaaji baɗɗi faayiida, haɗi seppooji e nder mum en, yamiri nanngugol ardiiɓe senndikaaji jiiɓru. E hitaande 1978 nde hawriti senndikaaji 42 e nder fedde wootere nde gollotooɓe e leydi Nijeer. Obasanjo jokki bee taskaramji tati mawɗi ngam ndiyam haa woyla lesdi Naajeeriya ɗi arannde anndinaama les Murtala: taskaramji maayo Kano, taskaramji Bakalori, e taskaramji ndiyam Chad Sud. Laamu makko kadi jokki eɓɓooji ƴellitaare ndema puɗɗanooɗi to Funtua, Gusau, e Gombe. Won eɓɓaaɗe ƴellitgol laddeeji kadi puɗɗaama ngam haɗde njiimaandi Saharaa to bannge worgo. Ngam heɓde ko ɓuri heewde e ɗaɓɓaande leydi ndii e kuuraa, Obasanjo ardiima udditgol eɓɓaaɗe ɗiɗi kese ngam ƴellitde kuuraa e nder ndiyam e ƴulɓe. Industry petrol heddii ko huunde mawnde e faggudu leydi Naajeeriya e les laamu Obasanjo, ministeer petrol hawtii e fedde petroŋ leydi Naajeeriya ngam sosde fedde petroŋ leydi Naajeeriya (NNPC). Obasanjo kadi wallitii sosde lowre liggorde to Bonny, nde NNPC yoɓi 62% ; eɓɓaande ndee ko lomto makko woppi ɗum e nder ɓeydagol coodguuli. Obasanjo jokki kadi e peewnugol njuɓɓudi njamndi mboɗeeri Ajaokuta, eɓɓaande ndonaandi nde heewɓe e ñiŋooɓe e nder sarwisaaji laamu mbiyata ko nde waawataa huutoreede. E nder cakkital kitaale 1970, Naajeeriya kadi ina wondi e ustaare ndema, ko ɗum huunde nde laamuuji jokkondirɗi ɗii njiyti ko ɓuri hoybude e naatde e nguura e nder leydi ndii. E lewru mee 1976, Obasanjo fuɗɗii « Operation Feed the Nation » (Operation Feed the Nation), woni eɓɓaande ngam wuurtinde ndema tokoosa, tawi ina jeyaa heen yoɓeede almudɓe ngam remde e nder balɗe juulde. Eɓɓaande ndee ina waɗi kadi momtugol njoɓɗeele e nguura jawdi e kaɓirɗe ndema, e ballal kuutoragol tovo ngo, e ustude njoɓɗeele ndema. E lewru marse 1978, Obasanjo yaltini kuulal kuutoragol leydi ndi rokki laamu nguu hakkeeji jeyi leydi e dow leydi ndii kala. Ɗum waɗiraa ko ngam haɗde njulaagu leydi e njulaagu leydi, kadi addani ɗum yetteede e bannge nano leydi Najeriya hay so tawii noon ko galleeji keewɗi jogiiɗi leydi njiɗaa ɗum. Obasanjo yiyri ɗum ko e geɗe teeŋtuɗe laamu mum. Obasanjo wallitorii reentaade Gowon ngam waɗde heen jawdi mum caggal leydi, o jokki e ɗeen politikaaji. Politik faggudu ngenndiyankaagal e nder sekteeruuji teeŋtuɗi ina usta njulaagu keeriiɗo, ɗum addani ɗum ustude njulaagu, hay so tawii noon daraniiɓe ɗum ɓee ina njetta Obasanjo ngam dartinde diisnondiral kaalis so renndinaama e ardiiɓe mum. Politikuuji nder leydi O (Obasanjo) jokki e ƴamol jaŋde leslesre winndereyankoore e nder leydi Najeriya, politik ronkaama e Gowon. O naatini sariya jaŋde leslesre e hitaande 1976 ; hakkunde 1975–76 e 1979–80, binnditagol e duɗe leslese ɗe njoɓaaka kono ɗe njiɗaa, ɓeydiima gila e miliyoŋaaji 6 haa 12,5 miliyoŋ, hay so tawii noon jannginooɓe e kaɓirɗe ina ŋakki ngam waawde huutoraade ɗaɓɓaande ndee. E hitaande jaŋde 1977–78, Obasanjo naatni jaŋde hakkundeere nde alaa ko yoɓetee e fannuuji karallaagal, huunde nde yaajnaa e denndaangal jaŋde hakkundeere e hitaande 1979–80. E oon sahaa gooto, leydi Naajeeriya ustii kaalis jaŋde toownde ; e hitaande 1978 nde woppi rokkude ñamaale almudɓe, nde ɓeydi fotde laabi tati njoɓdi nguura e hoɗorde duɗe jaaɓi haaɗtirde. Seppooji janngooɓe mbaɗi e nder gure keewɗe, waɗii warngooji baɗnooɗi e nder wuro Lagos e Zaria. E nder jaabawol fitinaaji ɗii, Obasanjo udditi duɗe jaaɓi-haaɗtirde keewɗe, haɗi golle politik e nder duɗe jaaɓi-haaɗtirde, haɗi kadi fedde janngooɓe leydi Najeriya. Tiiɗnaare ɗeen peeje ina gasa tawa ko sabu tuumeede wonde fitinaaji almudɓe ɗii ina njokkondiri e kuudetaa militeer peewnaaɗo e lewru feebariyee 1978. Obasanjo ina mettini e jikkuuji almudɓe seppooɓe ɓee, o wiyi wonde ɗum ina hollita ruttaade e nafooje aadaaji ko wayi no hormaade almudɓe. Ngam batte ɓamtaare laamu Naajeeriya, leydi ndi yi’i ɓamtaare mawnde nder kuuɗe laamu. Seedeeji peeñii ko feewti e fenaande mawnde e nder laamu leydi ndii, tee, so tawii tuume ɗee ina keewi waɗeede e Obasanjo e hoore mum, alaa seedeeji tiiɗɗi peeñi. Ngam haɗde natal njulaagu e nder laamu, laamu Obasanjo haɗii huutoraade otooji Mercedes ngam waɗde otooji laamu, e lomtaade ɗum en, ɓe mbaɗti heen otooji Peugeot 504 ɓurɗi hoybude Naatgol champagne kadi haɗaama. E ƴaañde taƴgol konu, laamu Obasanjo yiyri 12 000 soldaat ina ndartinaa e nder duuɓi 1976 e 1977. Ɗee konu njalti ko e nokkuuji kesi ngam wallitde ɗum en e jokkondirde e nguurndam siwil en. Obasanjo kadi ina tuuma wonde ko kañum woni sabaabu ƴaañgol politik. E nder yeewtere wootere maantiniinde, koɗorɗe jimoowo e daraniiɗo politik Najeriya biyeteeɗo Fela Kuti, Republique Kalakuta, yani, yani haa laaɓi, caggal nde tergal e fedde makko hawri e yimɓe konu. Fela e ɓesngu mum piyi, njuppaa, yumma mum mawɗo, daraniiɗo politik e yumma mum sosɗo Chief Funmilayo Ransome Kuti, werlaa e windo. Ɗum addani mo gaañiiɓe no feewi, haa arti noon e maayde makko. Fela caggal ɗuum nawti kees to galle hooreejo leydi ndii e oon sahaa to Dodan Barracks to Lagos ngam salaade ƴaañde laamu nguu e politik. Politik caggal leydi Hooreejo leydi Amerik biyeteeɗo Jimmy Carter ina wondi e Obasanjo e njillu mum to leydi Najeriya e hitaande 1978 Obasanjo ina yiɗi tabitinde leydi Najeriya no ardorde mawnde e nder Afrik nii, e nder laamu makko, doole mum e nder duunde nde ɓeydiima. O ummini dabare Gowon ngam waɗugo julde ɗiɗaɓre nder duuniyaaru ngam naalankaaku e pinal ɓaleeɓe e afriknaajo haa lesdi Naajeeriya; ɗum waɗi ko to Lagos e lewru feebariyee 1977, hay so tawii noon ñaawooɓe nder leydi ndii mbiyi ko ɗum huunde nde alaa ko nafata. Obasanjo hokkii ɗuuɗal teddungal dow Dental Faggudu lesɗe Afrik Hirnaange (ECOWAS) nden o mettini ɗuuɗɓe nder terɗe maako ɗemngal Farayse ɓaawo o wi'i, bana no Naajeeriya ɓuri wallugo ceede ngam hukuuma kan, Naajeeriya foti jaɓɓaago hukuumaaji pamari ɗin haa Lagos. Jokkondiral e Ganaa ɓadiiɗo kadi ustii ; e hitaande 1979, leydi Nijeer taƴii petroŋ e nder leydi ndii ngam salaade warngooji luulndiiɓe politik ɗi laamu kesu ngu Jerry Rawlings wari. E laamu Obasanjo, Naajeeriya ustii jokkondiral mum juutngal e leydi Angalteer, ɓeydi jokkondirde e leyɗeele dentuɗe Amerik. Obasanjo ina yiɗi laamu hooreejo leydi Amerik biyeteeɗo Jimmy Carter, cuɓaaɗo e hitaande 1976, sabu Carter ina joginoo darnde tiiɗnde ngam tabitinde laamu ɓurngu heewde e Afrik worgo. Ambasadeer Carter to leydi Nijeer, hono Andrew Young, waɗii sehilaagal tiiɗngal e Obasanjo, Carter yilliima leydi Nijeer e hitaande 1978. Kono tan, kuulal ngam waylude alkule ɗee waɗiraa ko ngam dalillaaji laaɓtuɗi, wonaa miijooji ; yiytude petroŋ e nder maayo worgo firti ko Angalteer wontii ƴaañoowo wonaa soodoowo petroŋ Nijeer.Laamu Obasanjo kadi ina mettini heen no feewi nde Angalteer salii yoɓde Gowon, ina sikka wonde laamu Angalteer ina waawi wonde e kuudetaa mo Murtala waɗi. Ngam ɗeeɗoo hujjaaji, e hitaande 1976 nde miijii dartinde jokkondiral dipolomaasi e Angalteer, kono haa jooni nde dartinaani. Obasanjo noon saliima yahde Angalteer, o semmbini ardiiɓe makko waɗde ɗum. Jokkondiral ngal ɓeydii bonde nde Margaret Thatcher wonti gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi Angalteer e hitaande 1979, o fuɗɗii waɗde feere ɓurnde welde e njuɓɓudi laamu ɓaleeɓe tokosɓe to Rodesi e Afrik worgo. E nder jaabawol ngol, Naajeeriya nanngi laanawol ndiyam lesdi Naajeeriya, ngol ɓe tammi ɗon nastina petrol Naajeeriya haa lesdi Naajeeriya, ɓe haɗi hukuumaaji pamari Biritaniya ngam heɓugo kuuɗe Naajeeriya, ɓe nastini kuuɗe BP haa lesdi Naajeeriya. Obasanjo ina yiɗi kadi yaawnaade joofnude laamu ɓaleeɓe tokosɓe e nder Afrik worgo ; e wiyde Iliffe, ɗum wonti « cakkital politik makko caggal leydi ». Naajeeriya hokki ballal ngam haɓugo bee laamu daneeji nder diiwal ngal, hokki hukuumaaji pamari ɗi'i uddita birooji haa Lagos, nden hokki hukuumaaji pamari ɗin ɗon hokka mooɓgal feere-feere dogguɓe laamuuji lesdi Afrika fombinaari. E ƴettude peeje tiiɗɗe ngam haɓaade laamu apartaayd to Afrik worgo, Obasanjo hollitii wonde Nijeer naatataa e Olimpiyaaji 1976 sabu leydi Nuwel Selannde, tawtoraaɗo kawgel ngel, ina joginoo jokkondiral e Afrik worgo, leydi ndi haɗaa tawtoreede kawgel ngel sabu apartaayd. E hitaande 1977, Obasanjo haɗi kala kontraaji jokkondirɗi e Afrik worgo golloraade e nder leydi Nijeer ; sosiyateeji mawɗi ɗi njippii ɗii ko petroŋ Angalteer e Banke Barclays. E ndeen hitaande kadi, leydi Nijeer yuɓɓinii batu Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe ngam haɓaade apartaayd to Lagos, Obasanjo yilliima Amerik e lewru oktoobar ɗo o wiyi leydi ndii yo woppu yeeyde kaɓirɗe to Afrik worgo. Nde o woni nder leydi ndi'i o wolwi haa kawtal hoore lesdi ndi'i nden asaweeje ɗiɗi ɓaawo man Naajeeriya heɓi jooɗorde nder kawtal lesdi ndi'i. Fiilde Margaret Thatcher e hitaande 1979 ngam wonde gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi Angalteer, addani jokkondiral Angalteer e Niiseer bonnude ; Obasanjo miijii ko o yurmeende no feewi e laamuuji daneeji tokoosi e nder Afrik worgo Luulndaade laamu ɓaleeɓe tokosɓe e nder leydi Rodesi, addaniino hare Bush e nder leydi Rodesi, laamu Obasanjo ina jokki e wiyde wonde ko hare balɗe tan woni feere ngam foolde laamu Rodesi. O hirjinii ngootaagu hakkunde pelle ceertuɗe luulndiiɗe laamu toon, o wiyi Robert Mugabe, hooreejo ZANU, yo jaɓ ardaade luulndiiɗo makko, hono Joshua Nkomo mo ZAPU. E hitaande 1977, Angalteer e Amerik ciifi eɓɓaaɗe ngam waylude laamu ɓurngu heewde e Rodesi, e nder yonta mo leydi ndii woni e les njiimaandi doole Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe. Obasanjo jaɓii eɓɓaande ndee, o yilliima Tansani, Sammbi, Mosammbik, e Republiik Demokaratik Konngo ngam wiyde laamuuji mum en yo mbaɗ noon. Kono caggal nde Thatcher wonti gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi Angalteer, leydi Nijeer woɗɗitii hoore mum e darnde Angalteer ngam haɗde wolde Bush Rhodesian, o woppitaa kala darnde teeŋtunde e nder golle ɗe Angalteer waɗi, ɗe ngaddani wooteeji demokaraasi ɗi leƴƴi keewɗi mbaɗi e hitaande... Ko o hooreejo leydi, Obasanjo tawtoraama batuuji OAU. E oon sahaa yuɓɓinaa e lewru sulyee 1977, o eɓɓi sosde goomu jooɗiiɗo ngam haɓaade luural hakkunde leyɗeele jeyaaɗe e OAU. E batu 1978, o jeertinii wonde banngeeji ɗiɗi ɗii fof ina poti naatde e wolde huuɓtodinnde. E nder batu garoowo oo, o wiyi yo konu Pan-Afriknaajo sose, baawɗo waɗde golle ngam hisnude jam e nder duunde he. Ngam ɓamtuki darnde lesdi Naajeeriya nder duuniyaaru, Obasanjo nasti nder kuuɗe feere-feere ɗe lesdi Naajeeriya nder Afrika fuu. E hitaande 1977, o heɓtinii Benin e Togo yoo ndartin luural hakkunde keeri mum en, nguddita keeri mum en. O etinooma kadi haɓaade luural hakkunde leyɗeele keewɗe Fuɗnaange Afrik, o haɗa ɗum kadi ruttaade e Dental Fuɗnaange Afrik, kono o dañii heen caɗeele. Ko o hooreejo goomu jokkondire OAU, o etinooma jokkondire Ogaden hakkunde Ecoppi e Somali kono kadi o dañaani. O waawaano kadi feewnude luural peeñngal hakkunde Angalteer e leydi Konngo. E innde OAU, Obasanjo waɗii batu to Kano ngam haɓaade hare hakkunde leyɗeele Caad. Feddeeji keewɗi njaɓii darnude wolde, sosde laamu ngootaagu ngenndi, e accude konu leydi Najeriya ina waɗa jam. Hare nden noon jokki, Naajeeriya jaabtii e taƴde petroŋ mum to Caad. Koolol ɗiɗmol ko faati e hare ndee waɗii to Lagos e lewru ut 1979, ɗum addani laamu nguu sosde laamu nguu, ngu juutaani. E hitaande sakkitiinde e laamu makko konu, o ardii golle OAU ngam safrude wolde Saharaa hirnaange. Jaltugol laamu Laamu militeer en hawri ko e goomu ƴettugol doosɗe leydi ngam ƴettude doosgal kesal potngal huutoreede e nder mbayliigu laamu siwil. Goomu nguu hollitii wonde Naajeeriya ina foti waylude laamu mum, ngu tuugii ko e laamu parlemaa leydi Angalteer, ngu tuugnii e laamu hooreejo leydi Amerik, ɗo hooreejo leydi gooto cuɓaaɗo woni hooreejo leydi e hooreejo laamu. Ngam haɗude oo hooreejo leydi wontude diktatoor, hono no waɗirnoo e nokkuuji goɗɗi e nder Afrik nii, o ɗaɓɓi ƴeewndorɗe keewɗe e doole maɓɓe, haa arti noon e njuɓɓudi fedde nde, ɗo juɓɓule cuɓaaɗe keertiiɗe ngoni ɗoo e to bannge fedde, to bannge dowri, to bannge nokkuuji. Eɓɓaande doosgal leydi ndii yaltinaa ko e lewru oktoobar 1976, nde yeewtidaa e yeeso yimɓe fof e hitaande aroore ndee.Asamblee doosgal leydi hawri ngam yeewtidde e eɓɓaande doosgal leydi ndii e lewru oktoobar 1977. Asaambele leydi ndii ina jokki e ƴeewde hol darnde nde sariya sharia rokkata e nder doosgal leydi ndii. Obasanjo noddii dental ngal, o jeertini ɓe batte kuulal ngal ɓe mbaɗi e renndo, o wiyi ɓe yo ɓe ƴettu jikkuuji ɓurɗi moƴƴude. E lewru suwee 1978, Diiso toowngo konu (Conseil suprême militaire) habri doosɗe leydi kese ɗee ; nde waɗiino waylooji keewɗi e mbaydi ndi asaambele doosgal leydi ndii ƴetti. Yanti e doosgal kesal ngal, Obasanjo itti haɗde lanndaaji politik. Ndeen pelle keewɗe mbaɗii ngam tawtoreede wooteeji garooji ɗii, ko ɓuri teeŋtude heen ko lannda ngootaagu Yoruba, lannda yimɓe Naajeeriya, e lannda ngenndiijo Naajeeriya. Obasanjo mettini heen no feewi nde tawnoo heewɓe e dawriyankooɓe ina mbaɗa fodoore nde ɓe mbaawataa ɗooftaade. Woote ɗee mbaɗi ko e nder lewru sulyee e lewru ut 1979. Wootooɓe ɓee ina pamɗi, ko hakkunde 30 e 40% e wootooɓe winnditiiɓe e sariya, tee ina waɗi fenaande banngeeji keewɗi, hay so tawii noon ko jam. Wonno ko jeewte ko fayti e hol keɓɗo woote hooreleydaagu, Obasanjo salii ñaawde, o wiyi yo Komisariyaa woote ƴetta oon darnde.Ɓe kollitii wonde Shehu Shagari woni keɓɗo, huunde nde gardiiɗo ɗiɗaɓo oo, hono Obafemi Awolowo, luulndii to Ñaawirde Toownde, tawi o dañaani heen nafoore. Shagari ƴetti laamu ko e lewru oktoobar 1979 ; e nder kewu udditgol makko, Obasanjo rokki Shagari koppi doosgal leydi kesal. Ko ɗum woni fuɗɗoode Republique ɗiɗaɓere leydi Najeriya. Darnde Obasanjo nder wartirki lesdi Naajeeriya haa laamu siwil, ɗum laatoto darnde woore nde o jogi nder duuɓi cappanɗe ɗiɗi garooji. Kono yimɓe heewɓe e nder leydi ndii e caggal leydi, ina jeyaa heen hooreejo leydi Zambie, hono Kenneth Kaunda e hooreejo leydi Togo, hono Gnassingbé Eyadéma, ina ɗaɓɓi e makko yo o heddo e laamu. Jaɓde makko wallitde Awolowo, banndiiko Yoruba, addani mo gaño ko heewi e elite Yoruba. Awolowo tuumi Obasanjo ko kanko woni orkestraaji Shagari, huunde nde Obasanjo yeddi no feewi. Ko adii laamu (1979-1999) Ko adii nde o yaltata laamu, e lewru abriil 1979, Obasanjo ƴetti hoore mum e darnde seneraal ; ko o seneraal koode nay o jokki e heɓde njoɓdi dowla. Nde o woppi golle e lewru oktoobar, o arti Abeokuta. Caggal nde o waɗi kursus jonte jeegom to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde heblo ndema, Obasanjo ƴetti hoore mum e ndema, omo ɗaminii waɗde yeru e hirjinde ƴellitaare ndema. O heɓi ko famɗi fof 230 ektaar leydi to Ota ngam sosde ngesa makko, o naati ɗoon e galle ngesa birik. Wonno ko gaññeeje nokkuyankooje e dañde leydi ndi haa heewi, ñaawirɗe keewɗe ngaddaama e makko sabu ɗuum. Golle makko ndema yuɓɓinaama e fedde makko wiyeteende Temperance, caggal ɗuum o inniri ɗum « Obasanjo’s Farms Limited ». O waɗti heen hakkille teeŋtuɗo e ndema colli ; e cakkital kitaale 1980, ngesa makko ina ɓuuɓna 140 000 cukalel e yontere. O sosi kadi gese e nder gure goɗɗe to bannge worgo-fuɗnaange, e hitaande 1987 gese makko ina njogii ko ina tolnoo e 400 gollotooɗo e nokkuuji jeetati. Hono no yimɓe Yoruba woɗɓe lolluɓe nii, Obasanjo ina wallitnoo almudɓe miskineeɓe to duɗal makko ɓooyngal to Abeokuta. Obasanjo ɓeydii ñiŋde laamu siwil Shagari, o wiyi hooreejo leydi ndii ina famɗi semmbe, ina ŋakkiraa peeje. Naajeeriya nasti nder ɓillaaji faggudu ngam waylaaki coggu petrol nder duuniyaaru. E lewru mee 1983, mawɓe konu ɗaɓɓiri Obasanjo nde ƴettata laamu leydi ndii kadi, kono o salii. E lewru desaambar, ɓe liɓi Shagari tawi Obasanjo alaa heen, e nder kuudetaa mo yiyaani fitinaaji seeɗa. Muhammadu Buhari laati hooreejo lesdi sooje'en keso. Obasanjo fuɗɗii wallugo laamu Buhari, o wi'i demokaraasi wakiili'en ɗon ƴaɓɓitoo haa lesdi Naajeeriya. O yetti Buhari ngam haɓugo bee cemmbiɗinki lesdi, o ɗon mari feccere nder nastirde lesdi, nden o ɗon wartira budget booɗɗum. E lewru ut 1985, Buhari kadi liɓaama, hooreejo konu Ibraahiima Babangida ƴetti laamu. Obasanjo ina ñiŋa won e peeje faggudu ɗe Babangida waɗi, haa arti noon e ustude njoɓdi naira. E hitaande 1992, luulndaare makko e laamu Babangida addani mo noddude yo leydi Najeriya artire demokaraasi. O fuɗɗii kadi salaade politikaaji faggudu (indigenisation) e kitaale 1970, o wiyi doosɗe leydi ina poti haɗde ƴettugol jawdi caggal leydi. E nder ɗuum, o sikki laamu nguu ina foti teeŋtinde ƴellitaare nde laamu nguu ardii. O ɓeydii hulɓinaade ko ɓeydagol yimɓe, toɓɓere nde o yejjitaani nde o woni e laamu, o wiyi Naajeeriyankooɓe yo njogo ɓesnguuji tokoosi "ngam nafoore faggudu maɓɓe e renndo-faggudu ngenndi". E nder duuɓi sappo e go’o caggal nde Obasanjo woppi laamu, o yaltinii defte nay. E hitaande 1980, Obasanjo wonnoo ko tedduɗo to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Ibadan, ɗo o winndi deftere wiyeteende My Command, daartol ko faati e geɗe makko e nder wolde hakkunde leyɗeele ; nde yalti ko e lewru noowammbar ndeen hitaande. Won e janngooɓe ñiŋii ko ɓe njiyri ko Obasanjo ina ŋakkira Murtala Muhammed, Robert Adeyinka Adebayo, mawɗo politik Yoruba, wiyi yo deftere ndee yaltine ngam haɗde nde aawde feccere. Ƴeewirde ɓurnde moƴƴude ndee waɗi ko sehil makko, hono Ken Saro-Wiwa, o innitiri ɗum masterly kono o sikki ko ɗum waɗi ballal rewindaade no feewi. E hitaande 1987, o yaltini Nzeogwu, deftere ciimtol sehil makko Chukwuma Nzeogwu, mo o gollodtonoo to Konngo. Hitaande 1989, deftere Obasanjo yaltini, wiyeteende Doosgal leydi ngam naatgol e ƴellitaare, nde o jeertini e hujjaaji Babangida ngam sosde laamu lanndaaji ɗiɗi e nder leydi Najeriya. E hitaande 1990, deftere makko tataɓere, wiyeteende Not my volonté yalti. Nde rokki ciimtol sahaa nde o laaminoo leydi ndii. Golle hakkunde leyɗeele: 1979-1993 E hitaande 1986 Obasanjo jokkondiri e Nelson Manndelaa. O hollitii wonde "ko kawral ngal meeɗaa yejjiteede. Mi yiyii e [Mandelaa] Afriknaajo worgo, ko Afriknaajo tigi rigi, kadi ko gardiiɗo winndere mo alaa ko woni e mum. O ɓuri ardiiɓe ɓe min kawri e mum en e nder Afrik worgo ɓee fof." E yiɗde jogaade semmbe e dingiral winnderewal, Obasanjo udditi Fedde Ardorde Afrik e nder ngesa mum Ota. Tuggi 1981 haa 1982, o jooɗiima kadi e Komiseer Palme, fedde nde gonnooɗo gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi Suwed, hono Olof Palme ardii, yeewtidnde ko fayti e ustude kaɓirɗe e kisal winndere. Obasanjo rewi heen ko e jeyeede e goomuuji nannduɗi e ɗii ɗoo, wonande Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe, Fedde Adunaare Cellal, e Goomu hakkunde-leyɗeewu ardiiɓe laamuuji ɓooyɗi. Nde Javier Pérez de Cuéllar, hooreejo Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe rafi, Obasanjo hiisetee ko potɗo lomtaade mo. Caggal nde Pérez de Cuéllar holliti woppii laamu, Obasanjo fuɗɗii kampaañ ngam lomtaade mo. E woote Goomu Kisal Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe, o woni tataɓo, tawi ko Boutros Boutros-Ghali, Ejiptnaajo, ƴetti darnde ndee. O yalti galle makko e njilluuji keewɗi; e hitaande 1986 o yilliima Japon, e hitaande 1987 o yilliima U.S. E nder luural hakkunde leyɗeele dentuɗe Amerik ngam yiɗde ɓurde yooɗde e Afrik worgo, nanondiraama wonde fedde wiyeteende Eminent Persons Group (EPG) ina sosee ngam fuɗɗoraade kaaldigal e laamu Afrik worgo ngam wallitde ɗum e ustude apartaayd. E dow wasiyaaji cukko hooreejo leydi Naajeeriya, hono Emeka Anyaoku, Obasanjo suɓaama ngam ardaade fedde nde e wonndude e gonnooɗo gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi Ostarali, hono Malcolm Fraser. Obasanjo jaɓi e dow fenaande. E lewru feebariyee 1986, kanko e Fraser ɓe njahi to wuro wiyeteengo Cape Town ɗo ɓe naamndii ngam hawritde e Nelson Manndelaa, daraniiɗo apartaayd, tergal mawngal e nder fedde wiyeteende Congres National Africaine (ANC) haɗaande. Ko Obasanjo tan yamiraa jokkondirde e Manndelaa ; o wiyi caggal ɗuum wonde omo weltii e makko no feewi. Ndeen Obasanjo hawrii e mawɓe ANC wonɓe e egguɓe to Lusaka. E lewru marse 1986, EPG oo fof yilliima Afrik worgo, e nder yonta mo jiiɓru e fitinaaji nder galleeji ɓeydii mawnude.Ko ɗoon ɓe kawri e mawɓe laamu nguu, ina jeyaa heen gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi ndii hono P. W. Botha, mo Obasanjo siftini caggal ɗuum wonde ko neɗɗo ɓurɗo muñde mo meeɗaa hawrude. Ciimtol EPG ngol hollitii wonde, so tawii ko ɓuri heewde e yimɓe Afrik worgo ina njiɗi nanondiral ngal alaa ko bonnata hakkunde laamu nguu e pelle luulndiiɗe apartaayd, gadano oo yiɗaa miijaade ɗum, tee alaa ko yahri yeeso no feewi ngam joofnude apartaayd. EPG noon hollitii wonde ina haani ɓeydaade tiiɗnaade e nder winndere ndee. Goomu Commonwealth jaɓii ko ciimtol ngol holliti, tawi Angalteer ina luulndii ɗum ; ɗum addani Obasanjo ɓeydaade mettinde Thatcher. Ndeen Commonwealth yamirii mo yo o ardo goomu ngam yuurnitaade ko Dowlaaji Dentuɗi ɗii poti daranaade koye mum en e njiimaandi Afrik worgo. Caggal nde Botha lomtinaa F. W. de Klerk, ooɗoo ɗiɗaɓo yaltini Manndelaa kasoo. Ina jeyaa e ɗanle Mandelaa gadane caggal leydi, to Niiseer, ɗo o yilli Obasanjo to galle mum. Lebbi ɗiɗi caggal ɗuum, Obasanjo ardii delegaasiyoŋ Najeriya to Afrik worgo ngam yeewtidde e yimɓe mawɓe politik. E lewru suwee 1991, o yilliima kadi, o wiyi hooreejo Zulu en, hono Mangosuthu Buthelezi, yo waɗ kaaldigal e pelle goɗɗe ngam wallitde dartinde apartaayd e waɗde woote timmuɗe. Obasanjo kadi golliima e ƴellitaare nokkuuji goɗɗi e nder Afrik. O yilliima Angalteer laabi ɗiɗi e nder hitaande 1988, o wallitii e darnde ngam joofnude wolde hakkunde leyɗeele toon. O yilliima kadi Sudaan laabi tati hakkunde 1987 e 1989, tawi o dañaani heen nafoore, o hirjinii kaaldigal ngam joofnude wolde ɗiɗmere Sudaan. Ndeen o wonii ƴeewoowo e wooteeji gardagol leydi Mosammbik e hitaande 1994. E hitaande 1994 e 1995, o yilliima Burundi, o golliima ngam deeƴnude caɗeele hakkunde leƴƴi Hutu en e Tutsi en. O fuɗɗinooma noddude jokkondiral ɓurngal ɓadaade e nder Afrik, o wiyi ɗum ina waawi heɓtineede e sosde feddeeji jeegom diiwaanuuji. E lewru suwee 1987, o ƴettiino peeje ngam yuɓɓinde Fedde Ardorde Afrik, nde wallitta rokkude karallaagal e heblo wonande politikaaji ummoriiɗi e duunde he kala. Nde fuɗɗii waɗde batuuji, anndiraaɗi « Dialogues de la maison de la ferme » , gila e galle Obasanjo fotde laabi jeegom e nder hitaande. Kadi nde waɗii batuuji winndereeji kala lewru, nde yaltinii jaaynde kala lewru, wiyeteende “Forum Afrique” hakkunde 1991 e 1993. Haɓde e Abacha: 1992-1995 Obasanjo hollitii kulhuli mum, sibu, hay so tawii o wiyi ina wallita gartugol demokaraasi, Babangida alaa ko anniyaaki so wonaa woppude laamu konu. Caggal nde wooteeji gardagol leydi ndi ndarnaa e hitaande 1992, Obasanjo e Anthony Enahoro ndarni fedde ngam demokaraasi e laamu moƴƴu e nder leydi Najeriya. Joɗnde adannde fedde ndee hawri ko e 31 neɗɗo politik nder leydi to Ota e lewru mee 1993. Wooteeji mbaɗi caggal ɗuum e lewru suwee 1993, tawi yimɓe seeɗa tawtoraama. Moshood Abiola mo lannda Social Democratic (SDP) heɓi, kono Babangida ndeen woppii njeñtudi woote ɗee, fodaniino woote ɗiɗmere ko ɓooyaani. SDP salii kala woote ɗiɗmere nde tawnoo ɓe mbiyi ko kanndidaa maɓɓe heɓiino woote gadane ɗee. Ndeen Babangida jaɓii woppude laamu ngam suɓaade laamu siwil jooɗiiɗo, ngu Ernest Shonekan ardii, ngu heɓi laamu e lewru ut 1993, ngu ƴetti peeje ngam waɗde wooteeji kesi e lewru feebariyee 1994. Seneraal Sani Abacha siftinii gooto e gorko gooto, mo wondude e do-gooders woɗɓe, eɓɓi ñaamde wumre ndee. Heddiiɓe ɓee mbayliima tan, oo Samariyanke nannduɗo e moƴƴo [...] arti ngam ƴettude pot suukara e juuɗe wumre ndee ngam hoore mum. Kadi, ko ɓuri heewde e men Nijeernaaɓe, ko en ƴeewooɓe, en mbeltiima. E nder kala sababuuji, ŋakkaani tawtoraaɓe e ñaamde ndee. Kadi ɓe ngoppaani batte moraal. — Obasanjo, e dow kuudetaa Sani Abacha, hitaande 1994 E oon sahaa, Sani Abacha tiiɗtinii doole mum e konu, e lewru noowammbar 1993, o felliti Shonekan yo woppu laamu, o acci hoore makko ƴettude laamu. Obasanjo noddiino Abacha ko adii kuudetaa oo, ina ñaagii ɗum nde woppataa ngalɗoo laawol. Caggal nde Abacha heɓti laamu, o wiyi Obasanjo yo jokkondir e makko. Ko sakkitii koo waɗii, kono salii wallitde laamu Abacha haa nde anndini ñalngu ngu yaltata e hoore mum. Ndeen Abacha momtii lanndaaji politik gonɗi ɗii e juɓɓule demokaraasiije, o noddi politikaaji ummoriiɗi e nokkuuji ceertuɗi yo naata e Diisnondiral makko Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe ; Obasanjo salii toɗɗaade hay gooto e ndeeɗoo diiso. Obasanjo fuɗɗi jeertinde wonde Naajeeriya ina yahra e wolde hakkunde leyɗeele woɗnde e nder feccere leƴƴi, e lewru mee 1994 kanko e Yar'Adua ɓe ndarni fedde wiyeteende National Unity Promoters, fedde daraniinde haɗde ndeeɗoo feere. E lewru Juko, Abiola anndini hoore mum hooreejo lesdi Naajeeriya, nden o nanngaama ngam janfa. Hay so tawii Obasanjo saliima jaɓde haala Abiola, o wasiyiima Abacha nde woppataa ɗum. Ndeen o ardiima fedde ardiiɓe aadaaji e batu ngu ɓe ndarni ngam fuɗɗoraade kaaldigal hakkunde Abacha e Abiola. Jaɓugo maako wallugo Abiola mettini Yoruba'en ɗuuɗɓe, jawdi Obasanjo haa lesdi Yoruba'en ɗon ƴama.Obasanjo mettini bee ko o yi'i bana jukkungo ngam o wallitaako nafuuda sectari'en Yoruba'en. E lewru marse 1995, Obasanjo ina wonnoo to leydi Danemark ngam tawtoreede batu Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe ngam ɓamtaare renndo to Kopenhag. Nde o woni ton, o nani Yar'Adua nanngaama, malla o heɓan bana non to o warti Naajeeriya. O wiyi noon o wiyi alaa ko o waɗi, o felliti hootde. Waɗi sahaa gooto to Aeroport Lagos, passport makko nanngaa, janngo mum, polis ƴetti mo e galle makko Ota. Polis tuumi Obasanjo ina jokkondiri e kuudetaa mo Abacha waɗi, mo kolonel Lawan Gwadabe yuɓɓini. Obasanjo nawtaama hakkunde nokkuuji deentorɗi ceertuɗi, tawi gonnooɗo hooreejo leydi Amerik hono Carter e hoore mum jokkondirii e Abacha ngam ɗaɓɓude yo Obasanjo woppe. Ndeen Obasanjo artiraama to Ota, o waɗtaa e kasoo fotde lebbi ɗiɗi, e nder ɗuum o haɗaama heɓde jaayɗe, telefoŋ, walla njilluuji. Goɗɗo e tuumaaɗo wonde ina jeyaa e kuudetaa oo, hono Kolonel RSB Bello-Fadile, awokaa konu, ina wondi e caɗeele, e nder ɗuum o siifondiri e bayyinaango wonde o yahiino to Ota ngam humpitaade Obasanjo ko fayti e kuudetaa oo no woniri e peewnugol. Ɗum huutoraama ngam seedeeji ngam ñaawde Obasanjo e suuɗde fenaande, ko ɗum huunde nde sariyaaji leydi Najeriya mbaɗi.Ndeen o nawaama to nokku naamne kisal leydi ndii to Ikoyi. Abacha wiyi yo Obasanjo ñaawe e yeeso ñaawirdu konu, ñaawirdu nduu waɗi ñalnde 19 suwee 1995. E nder ñaawoore ndee, Obasanjo yedditii wonde RSB Bello-Fadile meeɗaa hawrude e makko. RSB Bello-Fadile kadi hollitii wonde o siifondirii e bayyinaango ngo Obasanjo jogori waɗde e dow doole, kono ñaawirdu nduu saliima ndeeɗoo ruttaade. Ñalnde 14 sulyee, ñaawirde ndee ñaawi Obasanjo duuɓi 25 kasoo ; Yar'Adua e woɗɓe sappo e nayo kadi tuumaaɗo wonde e nder fedde nde, ñaawaama warngo.Obasanjo caggal ɗuum noddi ɗum "ñalngu mum ɓurngu mettude". Caggal nde hooreejo leydi Amerik biyeteeɗo Bill Clinton holliti wonde leydi mum ina jogori haɗde petroŋ leydi Naajeeriya so tawii ɗeen warngooji mbaɗii, Abacha wayli ñaawoore maɓɓe, o ustii ñaawoore Obasanjo haa duuɓi 15. Kasoo: 1995-1998 Obasanjo waɗi lebbi nay garooji ɗii ko e nokku biyeteeɗo Ikoyi Centre, ɗo o fuɗɗii nanngeede e nder kasoo gooto. Ndeen o nawaama to kasoo mawɗo Lagos, Kirikiri, ɗo o woni e opitaal kasoo ngam rafi hipertension e jabet. Sarɗiiji Kirikiri ina keewi, ina ŋakki, Obasanjo wiyi wonde « yiɗaa ɗum e gaño am ɓurɗo bonde ». Ko ɗoon RSB Bello-Fadile ñaagii Obasanjo yaafuya sabu mum ƴattaade ɗum, Obasanjo yaafni ɗum. Ndeen winndannde nde RSB Bello-Fadile winndi ngam humpitaade ngonka kaa, yaltinaama e kasoo, yaltinaa, wallitii hollirde wonde Obasanjo alaa ko o waɗi. Caggal jonte keewɗe, Obasanjo e woɗɓe tuumaaɓe waɗde fedde ndee, njaltinaama to kasoo Jos to diiwaan hakkundeejo, to diiwaan Plateau ɗo ɓe ngoni lebbi keewɗi. Obasanjo fuɗɗinoo hokkaama tan ko Biibal e Quraana ngam janngude, kono seeɗa-seeɗa o acci binndi ɓurɗi yaajde. Binndol kadi ina rokka mo, ina addana mo jokkondirde e yimɓe e juɓɓule ceertuɗe, haa jooni Stella ina jaɓa yillaade mo lewru kala laawol gootol. Mandelaa e Pape Jean Paul II fof noddii yo o woppe, tawi noon sosiyeteeji Inndo e Almaañ fof ina ndokki mo njeenaaje winndereeje.Forum ardorde Afrik yaltinii defte ɗiɗi ɓataakeeji e binndanɗe binndaaɗe ngam teddinde mo ; Forum oo e hoore mum dogiino ummoraade Accra to Ganaa ngam daɗde e tooñanngeeji laamu Abacha. E fuɗɗoode hitaande 1996, Obasanjo ummiima Jos, fayti e kasoo ɓurɗo woɗɗude to Yola, to diiwaan Adamawa. Ko ɗoon o jaɓaa remde gesa.[194] Obasanjo hollitii wonde e nder kasoo o ɓeydii luggiɗde e goonɗinal makko e Kerecee’en, o ɓadtii Alla,[194] o wonti Kerecee’en jibinaaɗo.[195] Gila ndeen, diine kerecee en ina joginoo darnde ɓurnde mawnude e nder yi’annde makko aduna. To Yola, o waajii 28 waaju yontere kala caggal nde jaagorɗe njilluuji ndartinaa e wakkati seeɗa. O winndi ɗeen waajuuji, o acci ɗi njaltina nde o yalti.[195] Obasanjo kadi etinooma moƴƴinde yoga e sukaaɓe kasoo, rewrude e yahrude yeeso maɓɓe nde o wonti neɗɗo dimo.[196] Obasanjo hulii wonde maa o tooke, haa teeŋti noon e nder haalaaji renndo wonde maayde Yar'adua ko tooke anniya.[197] Abacha sankii ɗoon e ɗoon e lewru suwee 1998, caggal ɗuum komanndaaji konu nguu toɗɗii Seneraal Major Abdulsalaami Abubakar lomto makko. Yontere caggal mum, Abubakar yamiri yo Obasanjo woppe, o neldi laana ndiwoowa ngam artirde mo to Ota.[197] E yiɗde wartirde leydi Naajeeriya e laamu siwil, Abubakar fusi lanndaaji e juɓɓule leydi ndi gonɗe heen ɗee, o anndini peeje ɗe ngaddanta hooreejo leydi siwil toɗɗaade e lewru mee 1999.[198] Kampaañ ngam suɓaade hooreejo leydi : 1998-1999 Jooni ko o neɗɗo dimo, Obasanjo yahiino Afrik worgo, Angalteer, e Amerik, ɗo o safraa.[199] Lanndaaji politik kesi ina mbaɗa e nder leydi Najeriya, gooto e ɓurɓe mawnude e majji ko lannda Demokaraasi Leƴƴi (PDP), fedde nde yiɗnoo ko yaajde no feewi, so tawii ko e laamu, nde haɗata kuudetaaji garooji.[199] Terɗe PDP mawɗe ndartinii Obasanjo ngam wonde kanndidaa hooreejo leydi. Ɓe cikkatnoo ko omo waawi yamirde teddungal winnderewal, kadi ko o neɗɗo militeer, omo waawi jogaade leydi ndii e dow kuudetaaji garooji e dille seertuɗe. Ɓe mbi'i kadi Naajeeriya ɗon mari haaje hooreejo lesdi fombina ngam foondugo ardungal maako arandewal haa woyla, nden Obasanjo holli hoore maako bana fombina mo walaa ƴamol dow fombina.[200] Sehilaaɓe e ɓesngu ina mbiya yo o dog, mbiyi o bonnat innde makko moƴƴere walla o wara. Obasanjo hollitii wonde o saliima, kono ñalnde 28 lewru nduu o naati e lannda PDP, yontere caggal ɗuum o hollitii wonde o woni ko e waɗde hoore makko ngam wonde kanndidaa hooreejo lannda ka.[201] E nder kampaañ makko, o teeŋtinii yiɗde makko artirde ko o sikki ko ndonu laamu moƴƴu nde o yalti e laamu e hitaande 1979.[202] E nder dingiral mooftugol kaalis, o dañii N356 miliyoŋ, heen N120 miliyoŋ ko njulaagu Aliko Dangote rokki ɗum. Ko ɓuri heewde e ɗeen dokke ummorii ko e worɓe militeer en e njuɓɓudi njulaagu kesiri.[202] O yilliima leydi ndii, o waɗii konnguɗi e ɗaɓɓude heɗtiiɓe e yimɓe teeŋtuɓe ; ƴamde guwerneeruuji dowlaaji ko huunde maantiniinde e mbaadi makko.[203] Kampaañ makko ina ɓuuɓna kampaañ makko mawɗo, hono Alex Ekwueme, mo yimɓe worgo e konu nguu ngoongɗinaani no feewi.[204] PDP ina heɓa leydi e nder leydi Najeriya, ina hollita wonde ko kañum woni lannda ɓurka waawde e nder wooteeji laamu nokkuuji ɗii e lewru Duujal 1998, e wooteeji diiwaanuuji ɗii e lewru Yarkomaa 1999, e wooteeji Senaa e suudu sarɗiiji e lewru Feebariyee 1999.[205] Ñalnde 14 feebariyee 1999, batu PDP noddaa ngam suɓaade kanndidaa mum to hooreejo leydi. Obasanjo heɓi 1 658 woote, Ekwueme heɓi 521, e kanndidaaji joy keddiiɗi ɗii 260.[206] E ɗaɓɓude neɗɗo worgo ngam wonde cukko hooreejo leydi PDP, Obasanjo suɓii Atiku Abubakar.[207] Woote hooreleydaagu mbaɗi ko ñalnde 27 feebariyee ; Ko Olu Falae mo APP tan woni luutndiiɗo Obasanjo. Fotde feccere e fotɓe suɓaade ɓee mbaɗii noon, won heen ko fenaande hay so tawii alaa ko bonnata. Taƴre laawɗunde ndee rokkii Obasanjo 63% e wooteeji ɗii ; ko kanko woni majjuɗo e nder dowlaaji jeegom ɗii fof e nder leydi makko Yoruba.[208] Hooreejo leydi (1999-2007) Manndaa gadano (1999-2003) Siile hooreejo leydi Naajeeriya Caggal nde o riiwti ɗum, Obasanjo naati e nder galle hooreejo leydi to Aso Rock e lewru mee 1999 caggal nde o hunni hooreejo leydi to Eagle Square to Abuja.[209] Nde o toɗɗii laamu maako kesu, o suɓi ministaajo ɗuuɗɗum diga woylaare lesdi Naajeeriya, koo ngam ko ɓuri ɗuuɗugo nder maɓɓe woni Kirista'en, ɗum mettini woɓɓe juulɓe woylaare lesdi Naajeeriya. Ɓeen ñiŋooɓe ina keewi sifaade wonde kabine Obasanjo ina ɓooyi no feewi, ina ŋakkiraa humpito, haa teeŋti noon so tawii ko e geɗe faggudu.[210] E nder laamu makko gadano, toɓɓe ndimaagu ɗe Naajeeriya’en keɓata ɓeydii; ndimaagu jaayndeeji ina addana hooreejo leydi ndi ñiŋde no feewi.[211] E nder lebbi gadani laamu makko, Obasanjo woppii fotde 200 ofisee militeer, tawi heen 93 fof ina njogii jappeere politik, ɗum noon ko kuudetaa mo ofiseeji keewɗi humpito mbaɗata ina famɗi.[209] O ummini kadi ministeer defansiyoŋ gila Lagos haa Abuja, ngam tabitinki ɗum waddaama les njiimaandi laamu ɓurndi laaɓtude.[209] Manndaa ɗiɗaɓo (2003-2007) Obasanjo suɓaama kadi e woote 2003 ɗe njuumtaani, tawi ina waɗi caɗeele leƴƴi e diineeji. Gaño makko mawɗo, gonnooɗo laamɗo konu Seneraal Muhammadu Buhari, ko juulɗo, o heɓi ballal makko ko ɓuri heewde ko e fuɗnaange. Obasanjo heɓi 61,8% e woote ɗe, o fooli Buhari ko ɓuri miliyoŋaaji 11 woote.[212] E lewru noowammbar 2003, Obasanjo ñiŋaama sabu kuulal mum rokkude asilo hooreejo leydi Liberiya, hono Charles Taylor.[213] Ñalnde 12 lewru juko hitaande 2006, o siifondiri nanondiral Greentree e hooreejo leydi Kameruun Paul Biya nanondiral ngal joofniri luural keeri hakkunde duunde Bakassi.[214] Hay so tawii Senaa leydi Najeriya ƴettii kuulal ngam wiyde wonde ittugol konu leydi Najeriya e nder duunde Bakassi ko huunde nde fotaani, Obasanjo rokki yamiroore nde jokkata no haanirta nii.[215] E manndaa makko ɗiɗaɓo, Obasanjo jokki e daranaade yaajnude doole polis leydi ndii, haa arti noon e 325 000 polis e hitaande 2007.[216] Fitinaaji laddeeji jokkuɗi hakkunde juulɓe e kerecee en e nder diiwaan Plateau addani Obasanjo bayyinde toon laamu nguu e lewru mee 2004, o dartini laamu diiwaan oo, o darni laamu konu lebbi jeegom.[217] Ñalnde 22 lewru nduu hitaande 2005, guwerneer diiwaan Abia e oon sahaa, hono Orji Uzor Kalu, rokki EFCC ɗaɓɓaande ngam tuumaade wonde Obasanjo waɗii golle bonɗe.[218] Ajenda manndaa tataɓo Obasanjo ina wondi e luural ko fayti e « Agenda mum tataɓo » , woni peeje ngam waylude doosgal leydi ndii mbele omo waawa jogaade manndaa tataɓo, duuɓi nay, e gardagol leydi ndii. Ɗum waɗii ƴamol nder jaayndeeji siyaasaaku nder Naajeeriya, nden boo kuugal ngal jaɓaaka nder Asamblee lesdi.[219][220] Ko ɗum waɗi Obasanjo woppi laamu caggal wooteeji gardagol leydi e lewru abriil 2007.[221] E nder yeewtere hesere nde o waɗdunoo e teleeji Channels, Obasanjo saliima jeyeede e ko wiyetee « Ajenda tataɓo ». O wi'i ɗum Asamblee lesdi Naajeeriya ɗon mari limngal limngal limngal limngal lesdi Naajeeriya. Obasanjo wiyi : "mi meeɗaa fiyde miijo manndaa tataɓo."[222] Ajenda manndaa tataɓo Obasanjo ina wondi e luural ko fayti e « Agenda mum tataɓo » , woni peeje ngam waylude doosgal leydi ndii mbele omo waawa jogaade manndaa tataɓo, duuɓi nay, e gardagol leydi ndii. Ɗum waɗii ƴamol nder jaayndeeji siyaasaaku nder Naajeeriya, nden boo kuugal ngal jaɓaaka nder Asamblee lesdi.[219][220] Ko ɗum waɗi Obasanjo woppi laamu caggal wooteeji gardagol leydi e lewru abriil 2007.[221] E nder yeewtere hesere nde o waɗdunoo e teleeji Channels, Obasanjo saliima jeyeede e ko wiyetee « Ajenda tataɓo ». O wi'i ɗum Asamblee lesdi Naajeeriya ɗon mari limngal limngal limngal limngal lesdi Naajeeriya. Obasanjo wiyi : "mi meeɗaa fiyde miijo manndaa tataɓo."[222] Obasanjo ñaawaama e juuɗe mawɓe politik e nder sagata Agenda manndaa tataɓo. Senator Ken Nnamani, hooreejo suudu joonde diidaaɗi lesdi Naajeeriya, wi'i Obasanjo anndini mo dow ajendaaji ɗin ɓaawo o laati hooreejo suudu joonde diidaaɗi lesdi Naajeeriya. O wiyi : "Ɗoon e ɗoon, ngon-mi hooreejo senaa, o haalani mi anniya makko, o haalani mi no o yiɗiri heɓde ɗum. Miin e fuɗɗoode mi ƴettataa mo no feewi haa kewuuji ɗii puɗɗii feeñde." O hollitii kadi wonde Miliyaaruuji jeetati (8) Naira njaltinaama ngam wallitde depiteeji ɗii ngam wallitde ajendaaji ɗii, o naamndii : « hol no neɗɗo waawirta haalde nii tawa o anndaa ɗum, tee kaalis, e kaalis leydi ndii e kaalis leydi ndii fof, ina wayla juuɗe ». Femi Gbajabiamila tabbitini haala Nnamani ammaa o waɗi limngal man feere-feere, o wi'i: "Kaalis man hawti bee miliyaaruuji N10. Hol no N10bn wurtinirtee nder ceede lesdi ngam eɓɓoore nde a woni hooreejo jooɗiiɗo, ammaa nden eɓɓoore laataaki miijo ma? Toy ceede man iwdi?" E nder haalaaji garooji ɗii, Nnamani wiyi wonde hooreejo leydi Amerik hono George W. Bush jeertinii Obasanjo nde woppataa peeje mum ngam tawtoreede woote gardagol leydi e manndaa tataɓo. O wiyi : "so aɗa yiɗi hoolkisaade wonde gorko oo ina haala fenaande tan, ƴettu deftere nde Condoleezza Rice, gonnooɗo jaagorgal leydi Amerik winndi. Ko goonga ko deftere nde Rice winndi. E hello 628 walla hello 638, o yeewtidii e Obasanjo, no o yiɗiri hawrude e hooreejo leydi Ameriknaajo oo, no o yiyri hooreejo leydi Ameriknaajo oo ina waawi waylude doosgal leydi ndii mbele omo waawa yahde e manndaa tataɓo, Bush wiyi mo yo o woppu ɗum, o yalta haa ñalnde 29 mee 2007."[223] Politik faggudu, renndo e caggal leydi Politik faggudu Obasanjo e wondude e laamɗo leydi Iran e hitaande 1999 E ngalu petrol, Obasanjo sosi Komitiiru Ƴellitaare Delta Niger, o huutorii Porogaraam Jaŋde leslesre winndereyankoore ngam ɓeydude jaŋde leslesre Naajeeriya. O sosi Komiseer keeriiɗo toppitiiɗo golle bonɗe e Komiseer toppitiiɗo bonanndeeji faggudu e kaalis. Wuurtinii Sosiyetee ngenndiijo njulaagu to Kaduna e (Onne) Port Harcourt. Obasanjo ɓeydi geɗal njoɓdi petroŋ e renndo to dowla iwdi mum gila e 3 haa 13 e nder teemedere.[224] Ko adii laamu Obasanjo, ɓeydagol PIB leydi Nijeer ina muusi no feewi gila 1987, tee ina jokki tan e 3% hakkunde 1999 e 2000. Kono, e laamu Obasanjo, ɓeydagol ngol ɓeydiima fotde laabi ɗiɗi haa 6% haa o woppi laamu, tawi noon ina walliti ɗum e feccere e ɓeydagol coggu petroŋ. Resooji leydi Naajeeriya ko ɓuri miliyaaruuji ɗiɗi dolaar e hitaande 1999 haa miliyaaruuji 43 dolaar nde ɓe njalti laamu e hitaande 2007.[225] O dañii yaafuya ñamaale e fedde Pari e Londres fotde 18 miliyaar dolaar, o yoɓi kadi 18 miliyaar dolaar goɗɗo ngam woppude ñamaale. Ko vuri heewde e ziin njovdiiji mooftaama e njovdi njulaagu juutndi e nder yontere nde. (Toɓɓere feewnitagol). Ko ɓuri heewde e ɗeen ñamaale mooftaama wonaa e fenaande kono ko e yontaaji 1982–85 nde Naajeeriya huutorii laamu toppitiingu mbayliigu nguu, ngu rokki denndaangal njulaagu nguu e banke mawɗo leydi Nijeer. Nde Obasanjo heɓi laamu, faggudu leydi Najeriya wonnoo ko e caɗeele. Inflation ina yahra e 30% e hitaande e nder kitaale 1990 fof, e hitaande 2001 fotde 20% e mawɓe leydi Najeriya ina ngala golle.[226] Baasal ina yaaji, laamu Obasanjo ina yiɗi ustude ɗum e yoɓde N3,500 lewru kala fotde 200,000 neɗɗo ngam waɗde golle gaadoraaɗe ko wayi no ɓuuɓnude e moƴƴinde laabi.[226] Ndeen eɓɓoore lomtinaama e Porogaraam ngenndiijo ngam haɓaade baasal, jowitiingal e ƴellitde golle sukaaɓe, e njuɓɓudi teeru, e reende.[226] E hitaande 2000, laamu Obasanjo ɓeydi njoɓdi ɓurndi famɗude ndi sariya yamiri ndii laabi ɗiɗi.[227] thngihk6pr9f7a45hdr8jsiszlo91zg 175778 175777 2026-06-22T20:27:27Z Ilya Discuss 10103 #1Lib1Ref 175778 wikitext text/x-wiki Mawɗo Olusegun Matthew Okikiola Ogunboye Aremu Obasanjo GCFR (// C; Yoruba: Olúṣẹ́gun Ọbásanjọ́ [ōlúʃɛ́ɡũ̄ ɔ̄básã̄d͡ʒɔ́] R; jibinaa ko c. ndema, e gonnooɗo seneraal konu gonnooɗo hooreejo leydi Naajeeriya gila 1976 haa 1979, caggal ɗuum o woni hooreejo leydi ndii gila 1999 haa 2007. To bannge miijo, ko o ngenndiyanke Naajeeriya, o jeyaa ko e lannda Demokaraasi Leƴƴi (PDP) gila 1998 haa 2019. Obasanjo jibinaa ko e wuro Ibogun-Olaogun, e nder galle remoowo, jeyaaɗo e leñol Owu, Obasanjo janngi ko ɓuri heewde e wuro wiyeteengo Abeokuta, to diiwaan Ogun. O naati konu leydi Naajeeriya, o janngi ko faati e inndeeji, o golliima to Konngo, Angalteer, e Inndo, o arti e darnde Major. E darorɗe kitaale 1960, o waɗii darnde mawnde e haɓaade seernaaɓe Biafra e nder wolde hakkunde leyɗeele Nijeer, o jaɓi dogde e hitaande 1970. E hitaande 1975, kuudetaa konu sosi junta e Obasanjo e nder laamu mum tati. Caggal nde hooreejo triumvirate, hono Murtala Muhammed, waraa e hitaande rewtunde ndee, Diiso toowngo konu toɗɗii Obasanjo hooreejo leydi ndii. Jokkude politik Murtala, Obasanjo ƴeewtindiima taƴgol bidsee e yaajnude jaŋde ekkolaaji ɗi ngalaa njoɓdi. Ɓesdugo hawtuki lesdi Naajeeriya bee lesdi Amerika, o teddini kadi ballal pelle luutndiiɗe laamu ɓaleeɓe pamari nder Afrika woylaare. Obasanjo ɗon mari haaje wartirgo demokaraasi, o ardi woote 1979, ɓaawo man o hokki laamu lesdi Naajeeriya haa hooreejo lesdi siwil keso, Shehu Shagari. Ndeen Obasanjo artii e golle mum to Ota, Ogun, ɗo o wonti demoowo, o yaltini defte nay, o tawtoraama eɓɓooji winndereeji ngam joofnude hareeji Afrik ceertuɗi. E hitaande 1993, Sani Abacha heɓti laamu e kuudetaa konu. Obasanjo ina ñiŋa laamu Abacha e peeñcu, e hitaande 1995 o nanngaa, o ñaawaa wonde o jeyaa ko e kuudetaa peewnaaɗo, hay so tawii o seppii wonde o alaa ella. Nde o woni e kasoo ndee, o wonti Kerecee’en jibinaaɗo, tawi ko providentialism ina tiiɗtini no feewi e yi’annde makko aduna caggal ɗuum. O woppitaama caggal maayde Abacha e hitaande 1998. Obasanjo naati e politik wooteeji, o wonti kanndidaa PDP e wooteeji hooreleydaagu 1999, ɗi o dañi. Ko o hooreejo leydi, o woppi politik militeer en, kamɓe ɗiɗo fof ɓe njaajni polis, ɓe moofti konu ngam haɓaade fitinaaji leƴƴi, diineeji, e seernaaɓe jaajɗi. O itti sooje'en lesdi Naajeeriya diga lesdi Siyeraa Leone, o hokki hukuumaaji pamari feere-feere ngam ustugo ceede lesdi ndi'i. O artiraa e woote 2003. E nder miijooji Pan-Afrik, o woniino daraniiɗo no feewi sosde Dental Afrik, o woniino hooreejo mayre tuggi 2004 haa 2006. Eɓɓooje Obasanjo ngam waylude doosɗe leydi ngam ittude keeri manndaa hooreejo leydi, ɗe njahraani no haanirta nii, ɗe ngaddani ɗum ñiŋooje. Caggal nde o woppi golle, o heɓi doktoraa makko e ganndal diine to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde National Open to leydi Najeriya. Nguurndam gadano Baaba Olusegun Obasanjo, Obasanjo Bankole, jeyaa ko e ardiiɓe hoɗɓe e sosɓe wuro Igbogun Olaogun e fuɗɗoode kitaale 1920. Hay so tawii ko o demoowo keewɗo jawdi, o jom jawdi en, omo hiisee wonde miskiino sabu o jeyaaka e yimɓe jannguɓe e nder leydi Yoruba. Bankole hawri e Bernice Ashabi, njulaagu tokooso to Igbogun, kamɓe ɗiɗo fof ɓe resndi. Ɓeeɗoo ɗiɗo ina njogii ɓiɓɓe ɗiɗo heddiiɓe e nder jeegom : Olusegun e Adunni Oluwola, miñiiko debbo gooto. E wiyde paaspoor makko, Olusegun Obasanjo jibinaa ko ñalnde 5 marse 1937 hay so tawii noon alaa ko winndaa e mum hannde, ñalngu nguu ko limto ɓadiiɗo. Olusegun ko jeyaaɗo e Laamu Owu. O mawni ko e Baptiste. Debbo makko caggal mum naati lislaam ngam resde gorko juulɗo.[9] E duuɓi sappo e go'o, o naati duɗal leslesal wuro ngo,[10] caggal duuɓi tati, e hitaande 1951, o naati duɗal Baptist Day to nokku Owu to Abeokuta.[11] E hitaande 1952 o arti e duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde sukaaɓe Baptist,[12] kadi e nder wuro ngo. Feccere e njoɓdi duɗal makko ko dokke laamu.[13] Obasanjo waɗii ko moƴƴi e jaŋde,[14] e nder duɗal o wonti Boy Scout keewɗo faayiida.[15] Hay so tawii alaa ko holliti wonde e oon sahaa o tawtoraama kala pelle politik,[15] ko e nder duɗal hakkundeewal Obasanjo salii innde makko adannde "Matthew" ngam wonde golle luulndiiɗe koloñaal.[16] E nder ɗuum, baaba Obasanjo woppi debbo mum e sukaaɓe mum ɗiɗo.[17] Nde o yani e baasal, yumma Obasanjo ina foti golloraade njulaagu ngam wuurde.[15] Ngam yoɓugo ceede janngirde maako, Obasanjo ɗon huuwa haa gese kakawo e kola, ɗon ligga, ɗon mooɓa leɗɗe, ɗon sooda ceene mahooɓe. E nder balɗe udditgol duɗal ngal kadi o golliima e duɗal ngal, omo taƴa huɗo e golle juuɗe goɗɗe.[18] E hitaande 1956, Obasanjo waɗi jaŋde mum hakkundeere, caggal nde o ñamli kaalis ngam yoɓde njoɓdi naatgol.[19] E oon hitaande kadi, o fuɗɗii jokkondirde e Oluremi Akinlawon, ɓiy Owu mawɗo station. Ɓe ndarniino dewgal haa hitaande 1958.[20] O yalti duɗal, o fayi Ibadan, o ƴetti golle jannginde. Ko ɗoon o jooɗii e ekzamen naatgol to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Ibadan, kono hay so o jaɓii o tawi o waawaa yoɓde njoɓdi jaŋde.[19] Ndeen Obasanjo fellitii jokkude golle mum e nder konu leydi Najeriya, ngam heɓde ngal gollal, e hitaande 1958 o jaabiima eɓɓoore ngam janngude ofiseeji cadet e nder konu leydi Najeriya.[21][22] Fuɗɗoode golle konu (1958-1966) Heblo konu: 1958-1959 E lewru marse 1958, Obasanjo naati e konu leydi Najeriya.[23] O yi’i ɗum ko fartaŋŋe jokkude jaŋde makko tawa omo heɓa njoɓdi;[24] o humpitaaki ɗoon e ɗoon ɓesngu makko, o hulii wonde jibnaaɓe makko ina njaɓa ɗum.[25] Ko e oon sahaa konu leydi Najeriya ina jokki e juuɗe laamu koloñaal leydi Najeriya, ngam heblude ndimaagu leydi Najeriya timmungu, kadi ina waɗi eɓɓooje ngam heɓde yimɓe leydi Najeriya ɓurɓe heewde e nder darnde konu mum.[25] Ndeen o neldaama to duɗal jaŋde ofiseeji jooɗɗi to Teshie to leydi Gana.[23] Nde o woni caggal leydi, o neldi ɓataakeeji e dokke to jom suudu makko to leydi Najeriya.[20] E lewru suwee 1958, o suɓaa ngam ɓeydaade heblo lebbi jeegom to duɗal Mons Officer Cadet to Aldershot, to fuɗnaange Angalteer. Obasanjo yiɗaa ɗum toon, o sikkatnoo ko ɗum juɓɓule njiyaagu e njiyaagu, o tawi ina saɗi ko jokkondiri e dumunna Engele ɓurɗo toowde e ɓuuɓde.[26] Nde semmbini miijooji makko bonɗi e laamu Biritaan e hakke mum laamaade e dow laamuuji mum koloñaal en.[24] To Mons, o heɓi komisoŋ e seedantaagal to bannge innde. Nde Obasanjo woni to leydi Angalteer, yumma mum maayi. Baaba makko ndeen maayi ko hitaande caggal ɗuum.[27] E hitaande 1959, Obasanjo arti Nijeer. Ko ɗoon o artiraa to Kaduna, o woni subaltern infanterie e bataliyoŋ joyaɓo.[27] Wakkati maako haa Kaduna woni wakkati arandejum nde Obasanjo jooɗi haa nokkure nde juulɓe ɗuuɗi.[27] Ko nde o woni toon, e lewru Oktoobar 1960, leydi Nijeer wonti leydi ndimaagu.[28][22] Kiiriis Konngo: 1960-1961 Ƴeew kadi: Kiriis Konngo Caggal ɗuum seeɗa, bataliyoŋ joyaɓo neldaa to Konngo ngam jeyeede e konu Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe ngam haɓaade jam. Ko ɗoon bataliyoŋ oo woni e nder diiwaan Kivu, tawi ko ɗoon woni Bukavu.[28] To leydi Konngo, Obasanjo e woɗɓe ina njoginoo darnde reende siwil en, haa arti noon e leñol Belsik, e soldateeɓe murtuɓe e laamu Patrice Lumumba.[28] E lewru feebariyee 1961, Obasanjo nanngaa e juuɗe murtuɓe nde o ummotoo e misiyoŋaaji katolik en e nder dingiral sara Bukavu. Mutinooɓe ɓee miijinoo ko warde mo kono ɓe njamiraama yo ɓe njaltu. E lewru mee 1961, bataliyoŋ joyaɓo ummii Konngo, arti Najeriya.[28] E nder wolde nde, o toɗɗaama kapiteen wakkati.[24] O teskiima caggal ɗuum wonde sahaa mo o woni e Konngo oo ina semmbina "fervour pan-africain" bataliyoŋ makko.[28] Gartugol e leydi Konngo: 1961-1966 Nde o arti, Obasanjo soodi oto makko gadano, o naati e opitaal ko juuti sabu rafi reedu. Nde o selli, o artiraa e Korse Innjiniyaaruuji konu. E hitaande 1962 o jooɗii to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Royal College to Angalteer. Ko ɗoon o ɓuri waawde, o siforaa ko "almuudo Commonwealth ɓurɗo waawde". Oon hitaande, o yoɓi Akinlawon ngam yahde Londres ɗo o waawi naatde e kursus heblo. Ɓeeɗoo ɗiɗo resndi ɗum ko e lewru suwee 1963 to biro binnditagol Camberwell Green, ɓe nganndini ɓesnguuji maɓɓe tan caggal nde ɓe mbaɗi hiirde ndee.E ndeen hitaande, Obasanjo yamiraama yo o hoot to leydi Nijeer, hay so tawii debbo makko ina heddii to Londres duuɓi tati goɗɗi ngam timminde jaŋde makko. Nde o naati Naajeeriya, Obasanjo hoosi ardungal konu Innjiniyaaruuji ladde, jooɗiiɗum haa Kaduna. E nder konu, Obasanjo ina jokki e yahrude yeeso e nder darɗe, o wonti mawɗo e hitaande 1965. O huutoriima ngalu makko ngam soodde leydi, e fuɗɗoode kitaale 1960 o heɓi jawdi to Ibadan, Kaduna, e Lagos. E hitaande 1965, Obasanjo neldaa leydi Inndo. E nder laawol, o yilliima debbo makko to Londres. To leydi Indiya, o janngi to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde toppitiingal ko fayti e cellal to Wellington, caggal ɗuum to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Innjiniyaaruuji to Poona. Obasanjo hulɓinii e heege nde o seedtii e nder leydi Indiya hay so tawii o ƴettii nafoore e pinal leydi ndii, huunde nde addani mo janngude defte diineeji nannditooji. Hare nder leydi Naajeeriya Winndannde mawnde: Hare nder leydi Najeriya Golle makko ko adii wolde hakkunde leyɗeele: 1966-1967 Obasanjo ummi Naajeeriya nder lewru January hitaande 1966 ngam heɓugo lesdi ndi'i nder kuudetaa konu ngu Major Emmanuel Ifeajuna ardii. Obasanjo ina jeyaa e jeertinɓe wonde ngonka kaa ina waawi jippaade e wolde nder leydi.O hollitii wonde maa o won hakkunde ƴaañooɓe kuudetaa e laamu siwil, ngu rokki laamu nguu e juuɗe hooreejo konu Johnson Aguiyi-Ironsi. Nde kuudetaa oo ronki, Olusegun hawri e Ironsi to Lagos. Ironsi ɓooyaani ko timmini fedde nde e nder leydi Najeriya rewrude e yamiroore mum kawral e lewru mee 1966, huunde nde ɓuuɓni jiiɓru leƴƴi. E darorɗe lewru sulyee, kuudetaa ɗiɗmo waɗi. To wuro Ibadan, sooja'en iwdi woyla lesdi Naajeeriya ɗon ƴama, ɓe mbari Ironsi, ɓe mbari fodde teemeɗɗe ɗiɗi sooje'en ko ɓuri ɗuuɗugo ɓe iwdi lesdi Naajeeriya. Seneraal Yaakubu Gowon heɓti laamu. Nde ooɗoo kuudetaa waɗata nde Obasanjo wonnoo ko to Maiduguri. Nande ɗum, o yaawi hootde Kaduna. Ko ɗoon o tawi konu worgo ummoriiɗo e bataliyoŋ tataɓo ina ronka, ina torloo, ina wara soldateeɓe Igbo en. Gomnaajo lesdi Naajeeriya, Hassan Katsina, annditi dow koo ngam Olusegun naa Igbo, bana no o woni mo woylaare lesdi Naajeeriya, o ɗon nder ɓilla haa sooja'en murtuɓe. Ngam reenaade ɓe, Katsina neldi Olusegun e debbo mum ngarta Maiduguri balɗe sappo, tawi fitinaaji ɗii ina ustoo. Caggal ɗuum, Obasanjo neldi debbo mum to Lagos, tawi omo hoota Kaduna kanko e hoore makko, o woni ɗoon haa lewru Yarkomaa 1967. E oon sahaa ko kanko woni ofisee Yoruba ɓurɗo mawnude tawaaɗo to bannge worgo. E lewru Yarkomaa 1967, Obasanjo toɗɗaama to Lagos ngam wonde mawɗo Injineer konu.Hare hakkunde leƴƴi Igbo e leƴƴi worgo ina jokki e ɓeydaade, e lewru mee, ofisee konu Igbo C. Odumegwu Ojukwu hollitii jeytaare nokkuuji ɓurɗi heewde Igbo e nder fuɗnaange-rewo leydi Bi. Ñalnde 3 lewru juko, laamu leydi Najeriya neldi Obasanjo to Ibadan ngam wonde hooreejo leydi Hirnaange.Hare hakkunde konu leydi Najeriya e seernaaɓe Biafran fuɗɗii ko ñalnde 6 lewru juko. Ñalnde 9 sulyee, Ojukwu neldi koloñaal konu Biafra dow pont Niiseer ngam yiɗde heɓtude Mid-West, nokku ɗo ɓe mbaawi ummoraade Lagos. Obasanjo yiɗiino uddude laabi jahduɗi e wuro ngo. Komandaajo Yoruba biyeteeɗo Victor Banjo, ardinooɗo konu njanngu Biafran, etinooma waawnude Obasanjo yoo ɓe njaltu, kono o salii. Kuugal konu lesdi: 1967-1970 "Kolonel Olu Obasanjo, gardinooɗo diɗɗal tataɓal". Jaaynde Naajeeriya keso, hello 7, 12 lewru Yarkomaa 1970. Gagga hare nder leydi Naajeeriya e Biafra. Ndeen Obasanjo toɗɗaama hooreejo caggal diɗɗal ɗiɗaɓal Murtala Muhammed, gollotoongal to Mid-Ouest. Obasanjo woni ko e jooɗaade to Ibadan, ko kañum halfinaa Division ɗiɗaɓo oo jogaade kaɓirɗe. E nder wuro ngo, Obasanjo jannginii course ganndal konu to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Ibadan, o mahi jokkondiral makko e nder elite Yoruba. E nder wolde nde, wonno ko jiiɓru mawndu e nder Dowla Hirnaange, ngam daɗde e ɗeen caɗeele, Obasanjo woppi golle mum e nder Diiso doosɗe Hirnaange.Nde Obasanjo woɗɗi Ibadan e lewru noowammbar 1968, gure jogiiɗe kaɓirɗe ɗe fedde remooɓe Agbekoya moofti, njani e galle laamorɗo Ibadan. Konuuji ɗii njaabtii, mbari sappo e fitinaaji ɗii. Nde Obasanjo arti o yamiri yo ñaawirde ƴeewto kewuuji ɗii. Yamiroore konu: 1967-1970 "Kolonel Olu Obasanjo, gardinooɗo diɗɗal tataɓal". Jaaynde Naajeeriya keso, hello 7, 12 lewru Yarkomaa 1970. Gagga hare nder leydi Naajeeriya e Biafra. Ndeen Obasanjo toɗɗaama hooreejo caggal diɗɗal ɗiɗaɓal Murtala Muhammed, gollotoongal to Mid-Ouest. Obasanjo ina jooɗii to Ibadan, ko kañum halfinaa Division ɗiɗaɓo oo jogaade kaɓirɗe. E nder wuro ngo, Obasanjo jannginii course ganndal konu to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Ibadan, o mahi jokkondiral makko e nder elite Yoruba. E nder wolde nde, wonno ko jiiɓru mawndu e nder Dowla Hirnaange, ngam daɗde e ɗeen geɗe, Obasanjo woppi golle e nder Diiso doosɗe Dowla Hirnaange. Nde Obasanjo woɗɗi Ibadan e lewru noowammbar 1968, wuro ngo ina jogii balɗe, ngo fedde remooɓe Agbekoya moofti, yani e galle laamorɗo Ibadan. Konuuji ɗii njaabtii, mbari sappo e fitinaaji ɗii. Nde Obasanjo arti o yamiri yo ñaawirde ƴeewto kewuuji ɗii. Gowon felliti lomtaade Kolonel Benjamin Adekunle, ardinooɗo njanngu Biafra, kono ina haani Yoruba mawɗo goɗɗo. O suɓii ko Obasanjo, hay so tawii noon o alaa humpito hare. Obasanjo arii Port Harcourt ngam heɓtude golle ɗee ñalnde 16 mee 1969 ; o ardii hannde hakkunde 35 000 e 40 000 soldaat. O waɗii jonte jeegom gadane ɗee ko e riiwtude njangu Biafran e Aba. O yilliima kala nokku e yeeso, o gaañiiɗo e waɗde ɗum. Ɗee golle ngaddi mo innde cuusal e nder worɓe makko E lewru desaambar, Obasanjo fuɗɗii golle Finishing Touch, yamiri konu mum yo yahru yeeso feewde Umuahia, ngu ɓe ƴetti ñalnde Natal. Ɗum taƴii Biafra e feccere. Ñalnde 7 lewru Yarkomaa 1970, o ummini ndeen « Operation Tail-Wind », o heɓti laana ndiwoowa Uli ñalnde 12 lewru Yarkomaa. E oon sahaa, ardiiɓe Biafran njaɓi yoɓde. Ñalnde 13 lewru nduu, Obasanjo jokkondiri e komandaajo konu Biafran biyeteeɗo Philip Effiong. Obasanjo wi'i sooja'en Biafran hokka balmi maɓɓe, nden boo suɓol ardiiɓe lesdi ndi'i ɗon yaha Lagos, ɓe hokka Gowon dow laawol. Janngo mum, Obasanjo haali e rajo diiwaan oo, o wiyi ɓiɓɓe leydi ndi yo njokku e galleeji mum en, o dartina kisal mum en. Biafranaaɓe heewɓe e jaayɗe goɗɗe ina kuli wonde konu leydi Najeriya ina waawi waɗde bonanndeeji keewɗi e yimɓe foolɓe ɓee, hay so tawii noon Obasanjo ina yiɗi haɗde ɗum. O yamiri konu makko e nder diiwaan hee yo heddo e nder galleeji mum en, jokkude wonde polis nokku oo ina foti ƴettude kuule ngam ƴellitde sariya e deeƴre. Division tataɓo, ɓurɗo woɗɗude, waɗii hareeji warngooji e yimɓe nokku oo. Obasanjo ina tiiɗi e waɗooɓe bonannde ndee, sibu waɗɓe warngooji ɗii mberlaama, waɗɓe warngooji ɗii mbardaa. Laamu Gowon waɗi Obasanjo kalfinaaɗo naatnude Biafra e nder leydi Najeriya, e nder oon darnde o heɓi teddungal ngam teeŋtinde mawngu. Ko o injenieer, o teeŋtinii artirde jolngo ndiyam ; haa lewru mee 1970 gure mawɗe diiwaan oo fof njokkondirii e jolngo ndiyam. Darnde Obasanjo e timminde wolde nde waɗi mo jaambaaro wolde, kadi ko o neɗɗo ganndiraaɗo e nder leydi Najeriya. Kuugal maako ɓaawo konu lesdi: 1970-1975 E lewru suwee 1970, Obasanjo arti Abeokuta, jamaanu jaɓɓii mo no jaambaaro garoowo nii. Ndeen o neldaama to Lagos, o woni Brigadier gardinooɗo Korse Innjiniyankooɓe. E lewru oktoobar, Gowon hollitii wonde laamu militeer en ina rokka laamu nguu laamu siwil e hitaande 1976. E nder ɗuum, haɗde lanndaaji politik ina heddii e doole ; Gowon yahri yeeso seeɗa e sosde laamu siwil. E les laamu sooja'en, Obasanjo jooɗi nder goomu limngal sooja'en lesdi Naajeeriya, ko laarani limngal sooja'en lesdi Naajeeriya nder duuɓi 1970. E hitaande 1974 Obasanjo yahi to leydi Angalteer ngam janngude to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Royal College to bannge diine. Nde o arti, e lewru Yarkomaa 1975 Gowon toɗɗii mo Komisariyaa Golle e Koɗki, golle ɗe o joginoo fotde lebbi jeeɗiɗi, e nder ɗuum o ɓuri waawde mahde kaɓirɗe konu. E hitaande 1970, Obasanjo soodi sosiyatee Libannaajo ɓooyɗo to Ibadan, o gollini heen awokaa ngam ƴellitde ɗum. E hitaande 1973 o winnditii fedde wiyeteende Temperance Enterprises Limited, nde o waawi waɗde heen golle njulaagu caggal nde o woppi golle konu. O jokki kadi e waɗde heen jawdi ; e hitaande 1974 o joginoo galleeji ɗiɗi to Lagos e gooto fof to Ibadan e Abeokuta. Haalaaji ummii wonde Obasanjo ina jokki e waɗde njulaagu nguu ina ɓeydoo yaajde e nder leydi Najeriya, hay so tawii noon alaa ko holliti ɗum ko laaɓti. Dewgal makko e Oluremi wonti caɗeele nde o salii jokkondiral makko e rewɓe woɗɓe. E cakkital kitaale 1970 dewgal maɓɓe fusi. E hitaande 1976 o resi Stella Abebe e nder kewu aadaaji Yoruba. E nder laamu Murtala Kuudetaa 1975 e caggal mum Binndanɗe mawɗe: Kuudetaa laamu Nijeer e hitaande 1975 e Kawtal konu Nijeer (1966–1979) E lewru sulyee 1975, kuudetaa e gardagol Shehu Muusaa Yar’Adua e Yuusuf Garba liɓi Gowon, o dogi fayti Angalteer. Ɓe kaalaani Obasanjo e peeje maɓɓe nde tawnoo omo anndiraa wonde kuudetaa ko kuutorgal waylude laamu. Kuudetaaji ɗii njiɗnoo ko lomtinde laamu otokaraasi Gowon nguu e laamu tati (triumvirate) brigadieruuji tati ɗi Diiso Toowngo Konu ina waawi haɗde kuule mum en. Ngalɗoo laamu tati, ɓe cemmbini Seneraal Murtala Muhammed yo won hooreejo leydi, Obasanjo woni ɗiɗaɓo e gardagol mum, Danjuma woni tataɓo. Daartoowo biyeteeɗo John Iliffe teskiima wonde e nder triumvirate, Obasanjo ko « puccu gollordu e ngaandi » , ko kanko ɓuri yaawde hootde e laamu siwil. E nder heen, triumvirate oo naatni peeje ustude ngalu ngam haɗde inflation, sosi Biro toppitiiɗo ko fayti e golle bonɗe, lomtini guwerneeruuji militeer en ɗii fof ofiseeji kesi, ɓe cifotoo ko Obasanjo woni hooreejo konu, ɓe puɗɗii "Operation Deadwood" mo ɓe ndartini ofiseeji civil 11,000. Mawɗo gollordu, suudu sarɗiiji: 1975–76 E lewru oktoobar 1975, laamu nguu hollitii peeje ngam waɗde woote ɗe mbaɗata ngam laamu siwil e lewru oktoobar 1979. Ngu hollitii kadi peeje ngam sosde goomu ngam ƴettude doosgal leydi kesal, tawi ko Obasanjo ɓuri waawde suɓaade terɗe goomu nguu 49. E dow wasiyaaji Komiseer Irifeke, laamu nguu hollitii kadi sosde dowlaaji jeeɗiɗi kesi ; e dow tiiɗnaare Obasanjo, Abeokuta ina foti wonde laamorgo gooto e ɗeen dowlaaji kesi, hono Ogun. Kadi dow wasiyaaji komitiiru ndun, ɓe anndini anniyaaji seeɗa-seeɗa ngam wurtinki laamorgo lesdi Naajeeriya diga Lagos haa Abuja ɓurduɗum caka. E lewru Yarkomaa 1976, Obasanjo e Danjuma fof ƴettaa e jappeere Lietnaa-Seneraal. Murtala e Obasanjo fof ina ndartini darnde ngam haɗde koloñaal Oropnaaɓe jokkude e njiimaandi ɓaleeɓe tokosɓe e nder Afrik worgo, ɗum noon ko huunde nde ɓe cuɓii e politik maɓɓe caggal leydi. Ngolɗoo sabaabu ina ɓeydoo wontude ngoƴa Obasanjo. Caggal nde Angolaa heɓti jeytaare mum e juuɗe Portigaal, wolde ɓesngu addi e leydi hee. Naajeeriya anndi laabi laamu ngu MPLA, fedde marxist en nde Dental Sowiyet walli, sabu laamu luulndiingu FNLA e UNITA ina mballita e laamu ɓaleeɓe tokosɓe to Afrik worgo. Ko jiidaa e rokkude MPLA ballal kaalis, Niiseer fuɗɗiima ƴattaade leyɗeele Afrik goɗɗe ngam kadi jaɓde njuɓɓudi MPLA, e fuɗɗoode hitaande 1976 ko ɓuri heewde e dowlaaji e nder Fedde Ngootaagu Afrik (OAU) mbaɗii ɗum. E lewru feebariyee 1976, Obasanjo ardii delegaasiyoŋ Najeriya ngam mawninde hitaande MPLA to Luanda, ɗo o wiyi : « ko ñalngu maantiniingu, ko ɗum fuɗɗoode hare sakkitiinde ngam haɓaade koloñaal, imperiyaalisma e njiyaagu e nder Afrik ». Warngo Murtala : 13 feebariyee 1976 E lewru feebariyee 1976, kolonel Buka Suka Dimka waɗi kuudetaa e laamu Nijeer, tawi ko ndeen Seneraal Murtala Muhammed waraa. Eɓɓoore kadi waɗaama e nguurndam Obasanjo, kono neɗɗo mo fotaani waraa. Dimka ŋakkiraa ballal mawngal e nder militeer en, kuudetaa makko ronki, ɗum addani mo dogde. Obasanjo tawtoraaki wirwirnde Murtala to Kano, kono o hollitii laamu nguu ina jogori yoɓde mahngo juulirde e nokku ɗo o wirnaa ɗoo. Caggal nde o waraa, Obasanjo tawtoraama batu Diiso Toowngo Konu. O hollitii yiɗde makko woppude laamu, kono Diiso ngoo heɓiino ɗaɓɓude yo o lomto Murtala e gardagol leydi ndii. Ko ɗum waɗi o wonti hooreejo diiso ngoo.E nder kulhuli makko e ɓeydagol eɓɓooji e nguurndam makko, Obasanjo naati e nder kasoo Dodan, tawi 39 neɗɗo tuumaaɗo wonde e nder kuudetaa Dimka mbaraa, ɗum jibini tuumeede wonde jaabawol Obasanjo ngol ina heewi. Ko Obasanjo woni hooreejo leydi ndi, o huniima jokkude dawrugol Murtala. Hooreejo leydi konu (1976-1979) Triumvirat konu E anndude kulhuli gonɗi e woɗɗude yimɓe woyla Naajeeriya, Obasanjo addi Seneraal Shehu Yar'Adua ngam lomtaade mo e ɗiɗaɓo e gardagol hooreejo konu, gardiiɗo jaagorɗe toowɗo timminoowo triumvirate militeer en, Obasanjo woni hooreejo leydi e Seneraal Theophilus Stajumabli ngam laamaade dow tato we- laamu konu. Obasanjo hirjinii jeewte e nanondiral hakkunde Diiso Toowngo Konu. Heewɓe ina kaawaa hol ko waɗi Obasanjo – hono Yoruba e Kerecee – toɗɗaade Yar’Adua, tergal e aristokraasi worgo, yo won gardiiɗo ɗiɗaɓo mum, wonaa banndiiko Yoruba Kerecee. Obasanjo teeŋtinii kulhuli ngenndiiji e dow ɗi diiwanuuji ɗii ; o hirjini sukaaɓe e mawɓe fof nde njanngata fodoore ngenndiire hesere ndee e jimɗi ngenndiiji ɗii. Nafoore heɓde miijooji ɓurɗi yaajde, ñalnde aset kala omo waɗa seminar mo alaa ko woni e mum so wonaa toɓɓere nde yimɓe ɓe ngonaa politikaaji e gollotooɓe laamu noddata. Ina jeyaa e ɓe o ɗaɓɓirta wasiyaaji mum en, annduɓe lislaam e mawɓe aadaaji. Politik faggudu Obasanjo wondude e hooreejo leydi Amerik biyeteeɗo Jimmy Carter to galle laamorɗo Amerik e hitaande 1977 E cakkital kitaale 1970, leydi Naajeeriya ina joginoo faggudu ɓurndu heewde doole, tawi noon ko 34% e inflation. Ngam haɓugo bee caɗeele faggudu lesdi Naajeeriya, Obasanjo tokki dabareeji cemmbiɗinki ceede ngam ustugo ceede laamu. E nder bidsee makko 1976, Obasanjo eɓɓi ustude njoɓdi laamu nguu fotde feccere, ustude eɓɓaaɗe tedduɗe, tawa ina ɓeyda njoɓdi jaŋde, cellal, galleeji, e ndema. O sosi kadi goomu ngam haɓaade inflation, e nder hitaande wootere caggal nde Obasanjo heɓi laamu, inflation ustii haa 30%. Obasanjo ina heewi yiɗde ñamlude kaalis, kono e ballal Banke Adunayankeewo e Fonds Monétaire International, Nijeer ƴetti ñamlude miliyaaruuji 1 dolaar e fedde bankeeji. Ɓeen ñiŋooɓe leftist en mbiyi wonde waɗde ɗum ina addana leydi ndii ɗooftaade kapitaalisma. E nder duuɓi ɗiɗi garooji ɗii, laamu Obasanjo, Nijeer ƴettii 4 983 miliyoŋ dolaar goɗɗo. Naajeeriya ina wondi e ɓeydagol fotde 3% hitaande kala e nder kitaale 1970, huunde nde fotnoo ɓeydaade fotde laabi ɗiɗi e nder duuɓi 25 seeɗa. Obasanjo teskiima caggal ɗuum wonde o anndaa ɗum e oon sahaa, sibu laamu makko alaa politik e ƴellitde yimɓe. Ɓeydagol yimɓe leydi Naajeeriya addani ɓe ɓeydaade yaawde e nder gure mawɗe e ŋakkeende cuuɗi e nder gure. Ngam haɓaade ɗum, bidsee Obasanjo e hitaande 1976 hollitii peeje mahngo 200 000 galle keso haa hitaande 1980, hay so tawii noon ko 28 500 tan mahaa.E hitaande 1976, laamu Obasanjo kadi hollitii wonde ina jogori ƴellitde renndo e cogguuli. Ngam haɓaade jiiɓru seppooji gollotooɓe, e hitaande 1976 laamu Obasanjo yaltinii sariyaaji cifotooɗi ko ɓuri heewde e gollorɗe mawɗe ko sarwisaaji baɗɗi faayiida, haɗi seppooji e nder mum en, yamiri nanngugol ardiiɓe senndikaaji jiiɓru. E hitaande 1978 nde hawriti senndikaaji 42 e nder fedde wootere nde gollotooɓe e leydi Nijeer. Obasanjo jokki bee taskaramji tati mawɗi ngam ndiyam haa woyla lesdi Naajeeriya ɗi arannde anndinaama les Murtala: taskaramji maayo Kano, taskaramji Bakalori, e taskaramji ndiyam Chad Sud. Laamu makko kadi jokki eɓɓooji ƴellitaare ndema puɗɗanooɗi to Funtua, Gusau, e Gombe. Won eɓɓaaɗe ƴellitgol laddeeji kadi puɗɗaama ngam haɗde njiimaandi Saharaa to bannge worgo. Ngam heɓde ko ɓuri heewde e ɗaɓɓaande leydi ndii e kuuraa, Obasanjo ardiima udditgol eɓɓaaɗe ɗiɗi kese ngam ƴellitde kuuraa e nder ndiyam e ƴulɓe. Industry petrol heddii ko huunde mawnde e faggudu leydi Naajeeriya e les laamu Obasanjo, ministeer petrol hawtii e fedde petroŋ leydi Naajeeriya ngam sosde fedde petroŋ leydi Naajeeriya (NNPC). Obasanjo kadi wallitii sosde lowre liggorde to Bonny, nde NNPC yoɓi 62% ; eɓɓaande ndee ko lomto makko woppi ɗum e nder ɓeydagol coodguuli. Obasanjo jokki kadi e peewnugol njuɓɓudi njamndi mboɗeeri Ajaokuta, eɓɓaande ndonaandi nde heewɓe e ñiŋooɓe e nder sarwisaaji laamu mbiyata ko nde waawataa huutoreede. E nder cakkital kitaale 1970, Naajeeriya kadi ina wondi e ustaare ndema, ko ɗum huunde nde laamuuji jokkondirɗi ɗii njiyti ko ɓuri hoybude e naatde e nguura e nder leydi ndii. E lewru mee 1976, Obasanjo fuɗɗii « Operation Feed the Nation » (Operation Feed the Nation), woni eɓɓaande ngam wuurtinde ndema tokoosa, tawi ina jeyaa heen yoɓeede almudɓe ngam remde e nder balɗe juulde. Eɓɓaande ndee ina waɗi kadi momtugol njoɓɗeele e nguura jawdi e kaɓirɗe ndema, e ballal kuutoragol tovo ngo, e ustude njoɓɗeele ndema. E lewru marse 1978, Obasanjo yaltini kuulal kuutoragol leydi ndi rokki laamu nguu hakkeeji jeyi leydi e dow leydi ndii kala. Ɗum waɗiraa ko ngam haɗde njulaagu leydi e njulaagu leydi, kadi addani ɗum yetteede e bannge nano leydi Najeriya hay so tawii noon ko galleeji keewɗi jogiiɗi leydi njiɗaa ɗum. Obasanjo yiyri ɗum ko e geɗe teeŋtuɗe laamu mum. Obasanjo wallitorii reentaade Gowon ngam waɗde heen jawdi mum caggal leydi, o jokki e ɗeen politikaaji. Politik faggudu ngenndiyankaagal e nder sekteeruuji teeŋtuɗi ina usta njulaagu keeriiɗo, ɗum addani ɗum ustude njulaagu, hay so tawii noon daraniiɓe ɗum ɓee ina njetta Obasanjo ngam dartinde diisnondiral kaalis so renndinaama e ardiiɓe mum. Politikuuji nder leydi O (Obasanjo) jokki e ƴamol jaŋde leslesre winndereyankoore e nder leydi Najeriya, politik ronkaama e Gowon. O naatini sariya jaŋde leslesre e hitaande 1976 ; hakkunde 1975–76 e 1979–80, binnditagol e duɗe leslese ɗe njoɓaaka kono ɗe njiɗaa, ɓeydiima gila e miliyoŋaaji 6 haa 12,5 miliyoŋ, hay so tawii noon jannginooɓe e kaɓirɗe ina ŋakki ngam waawde huutoraade ɗaɓɓaande ndee. E hitaande jaŋde 1977–78, Obasanjo naatni jaŋde hakkundeere nde alaa ko yoɓetee e fannuuji karallaagal, huunde nde yaajnaa e denndaangal jaŋde hakkundeere e hitaande 1979–80. E oon sahaa gooto, leydi Naajeeriya ustii kaalis jaŋde toownde ; e hitaande 1978 nde woppi rokkude ñamaale almudɓe, nde ɓeydi fotde laabi tati njoɓdi nguura e hoɗorde duɗe jaaɓi haaɗtirde. Seppooji janngooɓe mbaɗi e nder gure keewɗe, waɗii warngooji baɗnooɗi e nder wuro Lagos e Zaria. E nder jaabawol fitinaaji ɗii, Obasanjo udditi duɗe jaaɓi-haaɗtirde keewɗe, haɗi golle politik e nder duɗe jaaɓi-haaɗtirde, haɗi kadi fedde janngooɓe leydi Najeriya. Tiiɗnaare ɗeen peeje ina gasa tawa ko sabu tuumeede wonde fitinaaji almudɓe ɗii ina njokkondiri e kuudetaa militeer peewnaaɗo e lewru feebariyee 1978. Obasanjo ina mettini e jikkuuji almudɓe seppooɓe ɓee, o wiyi wonde ɗum ina hollita ruttaade e nafooje aadaaji ko wayi no hormaade almudɓe. Ngam batte ɓamtaare laamu Naajeeriya, leydi ndi yi’i ɓamtaare mawnde nder kuuɗe laamu. Seedeeji peeñii ko feewti e fenaande mawnde e nder laamu leydi ndii, tee, so tawii tuume ɗee ina keewi waɗeede e Obasanjo e hoore mum, alaa seedeeji tiiɗɗi peeñi. Ngam haɗde natal njulaagu e nder laamu, laamu Obasanjo haɗii huutoraade otooji Mercedes ngam waɗde otooji laamu, e lomtaade ɗum en, ɓe mbaɗti heen otooji Peugeot 504 ɓurɗi hoybude Naatgol champagne kadi haɗaama. E ƴaañde taƴgol konu, laamu Obasanjo yiyri 12 000 soldaat ina ndartinaa e nder duuɓi 1976 e 1977. Ɗee konu njalti ko e nokkuuji kesi ngam wallitde ɗum en e jokkondirde e nguurndam siwil en. Obasanjo kadi ina tuuma wonde ko kañum woni sabaabu ƴaañgol politik. E nder yeewtere wootere maantiniinde, koɗorɗe jimoowo e daraniiɗo politik Najeriya biyeteeɗo Fela Kuti, Republique Kalakuta, yani, yani haa laaɓi, caggal nde tergal e fedde makko hawri e yimɓe konu. Fela e ɓesngu mum piyi, njuppaa, yumma mum mawɗo, daraniiɗo politik e yumma mum sosɗo Chief Funmilayo Ransome Kuti, werlaa e windo. Ɗum addani mo gaañiiɓe no feewi, haa arti noon e maayde makko. Fela caggal ɗuum nawti kees to galle hooreejo leydi ndii e oon sahaa to Dodan Barracks to Lagos ngam salaade ƴaañde laamu nguu e politik. Politik caggal leydi Hooreejo leydi Amerik biyeteeɗo Jimmy Carter ina wondi e Obasanjo e njillu mum to leydi Najeriya e hitaande 1978 Obasanjo ina yiɗi tabitinde leydi Najeriya no ardorde mawnde e nder Afrik nii, e nder laamu makko, doole mum e nder duunde nde ɓeydiima. O ummini dabare Gowon ngam waɗugo julde ɗiɗaɓre nder duuniyaaru ngam naalankaaku e pinal ɓaleeɓe e afriknaajo haa lesdi Naajeeriya; ɗum waɗi ko to Lagos e lewru feebariyee 1977, hay so tawii noon ñaawooɓe nder leydi ndii mbiyi ko ɗum huunde nde alaa ko nafata. Obasanjo hokkii ɗuuɗal teddungal dow Dental Faggudu lesɗe Afrik Hirnaange (ECOWAS) nden o mettini ɗuuɗɓe nder terɗe maako ɗemngal Farayse ɓaawo o wi'i, bana no Naajeeriya ɓuri wallugo ceede ngam hukuuma kan, Naajeeriya foti jaɓɓaago hukuumaaji pamari ɗin haa Lagos. Jokkondiral e Ganaa ɓadiiɗo kadi ustii ; e hitaande 1979, leydi Nijeer taƴii petroŋ e nder leydi ndii ngam salaade warngooji luulndiiɓe politik ɗi laamu kesu ngu Jerry Rawlings wari. E laamu Obasanjo, Naajeeriya ustii jokkondiral mum juutngal e leydi Angalteer, ɓeydi jokkondirde e leyɗeele dentuɗe Amerik. Obasanjo ina yiɗi laamu hooreejo leydi Amerik biyeteeɗo Jimmy Carter, cuɓaaɗo e hitaande 1976, sabu Carter ina joginoo darnde tiiɗnde ngam tabitinde laamu ɓurngu heewde e Afrik worgo. Ambasadeer Carter to leydi Nijeer, hono Andrew Young, waɗii sehilaagal tiiɗngal e Obasanjo, Carter yilliima leydi Nijeer e hitaande 1978. Kono tan, kuulal ngam waylude alkule ɗee waɗiraa ko ngam dalillaaji laaɓtuɗi, wonaa miijooji ; yiytude petroŋ e nder maayo worgo firti ko Angalteer wontii ƴaañoowo wonaa soodoowo petroŋ Nijeer.Laamu Obasanjo kadi ina mettini heen no feewi nde Angalteer salii yoɓde Gowon, ina sikka wonde laamu Angalteer ina waawi wonde e kuudetaa mo Murtala waɗi. Ngam ɗeeɗoo hujjaaji, e hitaande 1976 nde miijii dartinde jokkondiral dipolomaasi e Angalteer, kono haa jooni nde dartinaani. Obasanjo noon saliima yahde Angalteer, o semmbini ardiiɓe makko waɗde ɗum. Jokkondiral ngal ɓeydii bonde nde Margaret Thatcher wonti gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi Angalteer e hitaande 1979, o fuɗɗii waɗde feere ɓurnde welde e njuɓɓudi laamu ɓaleeɓe tokosɓe to Rodesi e Afrik worgo. E nder jaabawol ngol, Naajeeriya nanngi laanawol ndiyam lesdi Naajeeriya, ngol ɓe tammi ɗon nastina petrol Naajeeriya haa lesdi Naajeeriya, ɓe haɗi hukuumaaji pamari Biritaniya ngam heɓugo kuuɗe Naajeeriya, ɓe nastini kuuɗe BP haa lesdi Naajeeriya. Obasanjo ina yiɗi kadi yaawnaade joofnude laamu ɓaleeɓe tokosɓe e nder Afrik worgo ; e wiyde Iliffe, ɗum wonti « cakkital politik makko caggal leydi ». Naajeeriya hokki ballal ngam haɓugo bee laamu daneeji nder diiwal ngal, hokki hukuumaaji pamari ɗi'i uddita birooji haa Lagos, nden hokki hukuumaaji pamari ɗin ɗon hokka mooɓgal feere-feere dogguɓe laamuuji lesdi Afrika fombinaari. E ƴettude peeje tiiɗɗe ngam haɓaade laamu apartaayd to Afrik worgo, Obasanjo hollitii wonde Nijeer naatataa e Olimpiyaaji 1976 sabu leydi Nuwel Selannde, tawtoraaɗo kawgel ngel, ina joginoo jokkondiral e Afrik worgo, leydi ndi haɗaa tawtoreede kawgel ngel sabu apartaayd. E hitaande 1977, Obasanjo haɗi kala kontraaji jokkondirɗi e Afrik worgo golloraade e nder leydi Nijeer ; sosiyateeji mawɗi ɗi njippii ɗii ko petroŋ Angalteer e Banke Barclays. E ndeen hitaande kadi, leydi Nijeer yuɓɓinii batu Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe ngam haɓaade apartaayd to Lagos, Obasanjo yilliima Amerik e lewru oktoobar ɗo o wiyi leydi ndii yo woppu yeeyde kaɓirɗe to Afrik worgo. Nde o woni nder leydi ndi'i o wolwi haa kawtal hoore lesdi ndi'i nden asaweeje ɗiɗi ɓaawo man Naajeeriya heɓi jooɗorde nder kawtal lesdi ndi'i. Fiilde Margaret Thatcher e hitaande 1979 ngam wonde gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi Angalteer, addani jokkondiral Angalteer e Niiseer bonnude ; Obasanjo miijii ko o yurmeende no feewi e laamuuji daneeji tokoosi e nder Afrik worgo Luulndaade laamu ɓaleeɓe tokosɓe e nder leydi Rodesi, addaniino hare Bush e nder leydi Rodesi, laamu Obasanjo ina jokki e wiyde wonde ko hare balɗe tan woni feere ngam foolde laamu Rodesi. O hirjinii ngootaagu hakkunde pelle ceertuɗe luulndiiɗe laamu toon, o wiyi Robert Mugabe, hooreejo ZANU, yo jaɓ ardaade luulndiiɗo makko, hono Joshua Nkomo mo ZAPU. E hitaande 1977, Angalteer e Amerik ciifi eɓɓaaɗe ngam waylude laamu ɓurngu heewde e Rodesi, e nder yonta mo leydi ndii woni e les njiimaandi doole Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe. Obasanjo jaɓii eɓɓaande ndee, o yilliima Tansani, Sammbi, Mosammbik, e Republiik Demokaratik Konngo ngam wiyde laamuuji mum en yo mbaɗ noon. Kono caggal nde Thatcher wonti gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi Angalteer, leydi Nijeer woɗɗitii hoore mum e darnde Angalteer ngam haɗde wolde Bush Rhodesian, o woppitaa kala darnde teeŋtunde e nder golle ɗe Angalteer waɗi, ɗe ngaddani wooteeji demokaraasi ɗi leƴƴi keewɗi mbaɗi e hitaande... Ko o hooreejo leydi, Obasanjo tawtoraama batuuji OAU. E oon sahaa yuɓɓinaa e lewru sulyee 1977, o eɓɓi sosde goomu jooɗiiɗo ngam haɓaade luural hakkunde leyɗeele jeyaaɗe e OAU. E batu 1978, o jeertinii wonde banngeeji ɗiɗi ɗii fof ina poti naatde e wolde huuɓtodinnde. E nder batu garoowo oo, o wiyi yo konu Pan-Afriknaajo sose, baawɗo waɗde golle ngam hisnude jam e nder duunde he. Ngam ɓamtuki darnde lesdi Naajeeriya nder duuniyaaru, Obasanjo nasti nder kuuɗe feere-feere ɗe lesdi Naajeeriya nder Afrika fuu. E hitaande 1977, o heɓtinii Benin e Togo yoo ndartin luural hakkunde keeri mum en, nguddita keeri mum en. O etinooma kadi haɓaade luural hakkunde leyɗeele keewɗe Fuɗnaange Afrik, o haɗa ɗum kadi ruttaade e Dental Fuɗnaange Afrik, kono o dañii heen caɗeele. Ko o hooreejo goomu jokkondire OAU, o etinooma jokkondire Ogaden hakkunde Ecoppi e Somali kono kadi o dañaani. O waawaano kadi feewnude luural peeñngal hakkunde Angalteer e leydi Konngo. E innde OAU, Obasanjo waɗii batu to Kano ngam haɓaade hare hakkunde leyɗeele Caad. Feddeeji keewɗi njaɓii darnude wolde, sosde laamu ngootaagu ngenndi, e accude konu leydi Najeriya ina waɗa jam. Hare nden noon jokki, Naajeeriya jaabtii e taƴde petroŋ mum to Caad. Koolol ɗiɗmol ko faati e hare ndee waɗii to Lagos e lewru ut 1979, ɗum addani laamu nguu sosde laamu nguu, ngu juutaani. E hitaande sakkitiinde e laamu makko konu, o ardii golle OAU ngam safrude wolde Saharaa hirnaange. Jaltugol laamu Laamu militeer en hawri ko e goomu ƴettugol doosɗe leydi ngam ƴettude doosgal kesal potngal huutoreede e nder mbayliigu laamu siwil. Goomu nguu hollitii wonde Naajeeriya ina foti waylude laamu mum, ngu tuugii ko e laamu parlemaa leydi Angalteer, ngu tuugnii e laamu hooreejo leydi Amerik, ɗo hooreejo leydi gooto cuɓaaɗo woni hooreejo leydi e hooreejo laamu. Ngam haɗude oo hooreejo leydi wontude diktatoor, hono no waɗirnoo e nokkuuji goɗɗi e nder Afrik nii, o ɗaɓɓi ƴeewndorɗe keewɗe e doole maɓɓe, haa arti noon e njuɓɓudi fedde nde, ɗo juɓɓule cuɓaaɗe keertiiɗe ngoni ɗoo e to bannge fedde, to bannge dowri, to bannge nokkuuji. Eɓɓaande doosgal leydi ndii yaltinaa ko e lewru oktoobar 1976, nde yeewtidaa e yeeso yimɓe fof e hitaande aroore ndee.Asamblee doosgal leydi hawri ngam yeewtidde e eɓɓaande doosgal leydi ndii e lewru oktoobar 1977. Asaambele leydi ndii ina jokki e ƴeewde hol darnde nde sariya sharia rokkata e nder doosgal leydi ndii. Obasanjo noddii dental ngal, o jeertini ɓe batte kuulal ngal ɓe mbaɗi e renndo, o wiyi ɓe yo ɓe ƴettu jikkuuji ɓurɗi moƴƴude. E lewru suwee 1978, Diiso toowngo konu (Conseil suprême militaire) habri doosɗe leydi kese ɗee ; nde waɗiino waylooji keewɗi e mbaydi ndi asaambele doosgal leydi ndii ƴetti. Yanti e doosgal kesal ngal, Obasanjo itti haɗde lanndaaji politik. Ndeen pelle keewɗe mbaɗii ngam tawtoreede wooteeji garooji ɗii, ko ɓuri teeŋtude heen ko lannda ngootaagu Yoruba, lannda yimɓe Naajeeriya, e lannda ngenndiijo Naajeeriya. Obasanjo mettini heen no feewi nde tawnoo heewɓe e dawriyankooɓe ina mbaɗa fodoore nde ɓe mbaawataa ɗooftaade. Woote ɗee mbaɗi ko e nder lewru sulyee e lewru ut 1979. Wootooɓe ɓee ina pamɗi, ko hakkunde 30 e 40% e wootooɓe winnditiiɓe e sariya, tee ina waɗi fenaande banngeeji keewɗi, hay so tawii noon ko jam. Wonno ko jeewte ko fayti e hol keɓɗo woote hooreleydaagu, Obasanjo salii ñaawde, o wiyi yo Komisariyaa woote ƴetta oon darnde.Ɓe kollitii wonde Shehu Shagari woni keɓɗo, huunde nde gardiiɗo ɗiɗaɓo oo, hono Obafemi Awolowo, luulndii to Ñaawirde Toownde, tawi o dañaani heen nafoore. Shagari ƴetti laamu ko e lewru oktoobar 1979 ; e nder kewu udditgol makko, Obasanjo rokki Shagari koppi doosgal leydi kesal. Ko ɗum woni fuɗɗoode Republique ɗiɗaɓere leydi Najeriya. Darnde Obasanjo nder wartirki lesdi Naajeeriya haa laamu siwil, ɗum laatoto darnde woore nde o jogi nder duuɓi cappanɗe ɗiɗi garooji. Kono yimɓe heewɓe e nder leydi ndii e caggal leydi, ina jeyaa heen hooreejo leydi Zambie, hono Kenneth Kaunda e hooreejo leydi Togo, hono Gnassingbé Eyadéma, ina ɗaɓɓi e makko yo o heddo e laamu. Jaɓde makko wallitde Awolowo, banndiiko Yoruba, addani mo gaño ko heewi e elite Yoruba. Awolowo tuumi Obasanjo ko kanko woni orkestraaji Shagari, huunde nde Obasanjo yeddi no feewi. Ko adii laamu (1979-1999) Ko adii nde o yaltata laamu, e lewru abriil 1979, Obasanjo ƴetti hoore mum e darnde seneraal ; ko o seneraal koode nay o jokki e heɓde njoɓdi dowla. Nde o woppi golle e lewru oktoobar, o arti Abeokuta. Caggal nde o waɗi kursus jonte jeegom to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde heblo ndema, Obasanjo ƴetti hoore mum e ndema, omo ɗaminii waɗde yeru e hirjinde ƴellitaare ndema. O heɓi ko famɗi fof 230 ektaar leydi to Ota ngam sosde ngesa makko, o naati ɗoon e galle ngesa birik. Wonno ko gaññeeje nokkuyankooje e dañde leydi ndi haa heewi, ñaawirɗe keewɗe ngaddaama e makko sabu ɗuum. Golle makko ndema yuɓɓinaama e fedde makko wiyeteende Temperance, caggal ɗuum o inniri ɗum « Obasanjo’s Farms Limited ». O waɗti heen hakkille teeŋtuɗo e ndema colli ; e cakkital kitaale 1980, ngesa makko ina ɓuuɓna 140 000 cukalel e yontere. O sosi kadi gese e nder gure goɗɗe to bannge worgo-fuɗnaange, e hitaande 1987 gese makko ina njogii ko ina tolnoo e 400 gollotooɗo e nokkuuji jeetati. Hono no yimɓe Yoruba woɗɓe lolluɓe nii, Obasanjo ina wallitnoo almudɓe miskineeɓe to duɗal makko ɓooyngal to Abeokuta. Obasanjo ɓeydii ñiŋde laamu siwil Shagari, o wiyi hooreejo leydi ndii ina famɗi semmbe, ina ŋakkiraa peeje. Naajeeriya nasti nder ɓillaaji faggudu ngam waylaaki coggu petrol nder duuniyaaru. E lewru mee 1983, mawɓe konu ɗaɓɓiri Obasanjo nde ƴettata laamu leydi ndii kadi, kono o salii. E lewru desaambar, ɓe liɓi Shagari tawi Obasanjo alaa heen, e nder kuudetaa mo yiyaani fitinaaji seeɗa. Muhammadu Buhari laati hooreejo lesdi sooje'en keso. Obasanjo fuɗɗii wallugo laamu Buhari, o wi'i demokaraasi wakiili'en ɗon ƴaɓɓitoo haa lesdi Naajeeriya. O yetti Buhari ngam haɓugo bee cemmbiɗinki lesdi, o ɗon mari feccere nder nastirde lesdi, nden o ɗon wartira budget booɗɗum. E lewru ut 1985, Buhari kadi liɓaama, hooreejo konu Ibraahiima Babangida ƴetti laamu. Obasanjo ina ñiŋa won e peeje faggudu ɗe Babangida waɗi, haa arti noon e ustude njoɓdi naira. E hitaande 1992, luulndaare makko e laamu Babangida addani mo noddude yo leydi Najeriya artire demokaraasi. O fuɗɗii kadi salaade politikaaji faggudu (indigenisation) e kitaale 1970, o wiyi doosɗe leydi ina poti haɗde ƴettugol jawdi caggal leydi. E nder ɗuum, o sikki laamu nguu ina foti teeŋtinde ƴellitaare nde laamu nguu ardii. O ɓeydii hulɓinaade ko ɓeydagol yimɓe, toɓɓere nde o yejjitaani nde o woni e laamu, o wiyi Naajeeriyankooɓe yo njogo ɓesnguuji tokoosi "ngam nafoore faggudu maɓɓe e renndo-faggudu ngenndi". E nder duuɓi sappo e go’o caggal nde Obasanjo woppi laamu, o yaltinii defte nay. E hitaande 1980, Obasanjo wonnoo ko tedduɗo to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Ibadan, ɗo o winndi deftere wiyeteende My Command, daartol ko faati e geɗe makko e nder wolde hakkunde leyɗeele ; nde yalti ko e lewru noowammbar ndeen hitaande. Won e janngooɓe ñiŋii ko ɓe njiyri ko Obasanjo ina ŋakkira Murtala Muhammed, Robert Adeyinka Adebayo, mawɗo politik Yoruba, wiyi yo deftere ndee yaltine ngam haɗde nde aawde feccere. Ƴeewirde ɓurnde moƴƴude ndee waɗi ko sehil makko, hono Ken Saro-Wiwa, o innitiri ɗum masterly kono o sikki ko ɗum waɗi ballal rewindaade no feewi. E hitaande 1987, o yaltini Nzeogwu, deftere ciimtol sehil makko Chukwuma Nzeogwu, mo o gollodtonoo to Konngo. Hitaande 1989, deftere Obasanjo yaltini, wiyeteende Doosgal leydi ngam naatgol e ƴellitaare, nde o jeertini e hujjaaji Babangida ngam sosde laamu lanndaaji ɗiɗi e nder leydi Najeriya. E hitaande 1990, deftere makko tataɓere, wiyeteende Not my volonté yalti. Nde rokki ciimtol sahaa nde o laaminoo leydi ndii. Golle hakkunde leyɗeele: 1979-1993 E hitaande 1986 Obasanjo jokkondiri e Nelson Manndelaa. O hollitii wonde "ko kawral ngal meeɗaa yejjiteede. Mi yiyii e [Mandelaa] Afriknaajo worgo, ko Afriknaajo tigi rigi, kadi ko gardiiɗo winndere mo alaa ko woni e mum. O ɓuri ardiiɓe ɓe min kawri e mum en e nder Afrik worgo ɓee fof." E yiɗde jogaade semmbe e dingiral winnderewal, Obasanjo udditi Fedde Ardorde Afrik e nder ngesa mum Ota. Tuggi 1981 haa 1982, o jooɗiima kadi e Komiseer Palme, fedde nde gonnooɗo gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi Suwed, hono Olof Palme ardii, yeewtidnde ko fayti e ustude kaɓirɗe e kisal winndere. Obasanjo rewi heen ko e jeyeede e goomuuji nannduɗi e ɗii ɗoo, wonande Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe, Fedde Adunaare Cellal, e Goomu hakkunde-leyɗeewu ardiiɓe laamuuji ɓooyɗi. Nde Javier Pérez de Cuéllar, hooreejo Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe rafi, Obasanjo hiisetee ko potɗo lomtaade mo. Caggal nde Pérez de Cuéllar holliti woppii laamu, Obasanjo fuɗɗii kampaañ ngam lomtaade mo. E woote Goomu Kisal Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe, o woni tataɓo, tawi ko Boutros Boutros-Ghali, Ejiptnaajo, ƴetti darnde ndee. O yalti galle makko e njilluuji keewɗi; e hitaande 1986 o yilliima Japon, e hitaande 1987 o yilliima U.S. E nder luural hakkunde leyɗeele dentuɗe Amerik ngam yiɗde ɓurde yooɗde e Afrik worgo, nanondiraama wonde fedde wiyeteende Eminent Persons Group (EPG) ina sosee ngam fuɗɗoraade kaaldigal e laamu Afrik worgo ngam wallitde ɗum e ustude apartaayd. E dow wasiyaaji cukko hooreejo leydi Naajeeriya, hono Emeka Anyaoku, Obasanjo suɓaama ngam ardaade fedde nde e wonndude e gonnooɗo gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi Ostarali, hono Malcolm Fraser. Obasanjo jaɓi e dow fenaande. E lewru feebariyee 1986, kanko e Fraser ɓe njahi to wuro wiyeteengo Cape Town ɗo ɓe naamndii ngam hawritde e Nelson Manndelaa, daraniiɗo apartaayd, tergal mawngal e nder fedde wiyeteende Congres National Africaine (ANC) haɗaande. Ko Obasanjo tan yamiraa jokkondirde e Manndelaa ; o wiyi caggal ɗuum wonde omo weltii e makko no feewi. Ndeen Obasanjo hawrii e mawɓe ANC wonɓe e egguɓe to Lusaka. E lewru marse 1986, EPG oo fof yilliima Afrik worgo, e nder yonta mo jiiɓru e fitinaaji nder galleeji ɓeydii mawnude.Ko ɗoon ɓe kawri e mawɓe laamu nguu, ina jeyaa heen gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi ndii hono P. W. Botha, mo Obasanjo siftini caggal ɗuum wonde ko neɗɗo ɓurɗo muñde mo meeɗaa hawrude. Ciimtol EPG ngol hollitii wonde, so tawii ko ɓuri heewde e yimɓe Afrik worgo ina njiɗi nanondiral ngal alaa ko bonnata hakkunde laamu nguu e pelle luulndiiɗe apartaayd, gadano oo yiɗaa miijaade ɗum, tee alaa ko yahri yeeso no feewi ngam joofnude apartaayd. EPG noon hollitii wonde ina haani ɓeydaade tiiɗnaade e nder winndere ndee. Goomu Commonwealth jaɓii ko ciimtol ngol holliti, tawi Angalteer ina luulndii ɗum ; ɗum addani Obasanjo ɓeydaade mettinde Thatcher. Ndeen Commonwealth yamirii mo yo o ardo goomu ngam yuurnitaade ko Dowlaaji Dentuɗi ɗii poti daranaade koye mum en e njiimaandi Afrik worgo. Caggal nde Botha lomtinaa F. W. de Klerk, ooɗoo ɗiɗaɓo yaltini Manndelaa kasoo. Ina jeyaa e ɗanle Mandelaa gadane caggal leydi, to Niiseer, ɗo o yilli Obasanjo to galle mum. Lebbi ɗiɗi caggal ɗuum, Obasanjo ardii delegaasiyoŋ Najeriya to Afrik worgo ngam yeewtidde e yimɓe mawɓe politik. E lewru suwee 1991, o yilliima kadi, o wiyi hooreejo Zulu en, hono Mangosuthu Buthelezi, yo waɗ kaaldigal e pelle goɗɗe ngam wallitde dartinde apartaayd e waɗde woote timmuɗe. Obasanjo kadi golliima e ƴellitaare nokkuuji goɗɗi e nder Afrik. O yilliima Angalteer laabi ɗiɗi e nder hitaande 1988, o wallitii e darnde ngam joofnude wolde hakkunde leyɗeele toon. O yilliima kadi Sudaan laabi tati hakkunde 1987 e 1989, tawi o dañaani heen nafoore, o hirjinii kaaldigal ngam joofnude wolde ɗiɗmere Sudaan. Ndeen o wonii ƴeewoowo e wooteeji gardagol leydi Mosammbik e hitaande 1994. E hitaande 1994 e 1995, o yilliima Burundi, o golliima ngam deeƴnude caɗeele hakkunde leƴƴi Hutu en e Tutsi en. O fuɗɗinooma noddude jokkondiral ɓurngal ɓadaade e nder Afrik, o wiyi ɗum ina waawi heɓtineede e sosde feddeeji jeegom diiwaanuuji. E lewru suwee 1987, o ƴettiino peeje ngam yuɓɓinde Fedde Ardorde Afrik, nde wallitta rokkude karallaagal e heblo wonande politikaaji ummoriiɗi e duunde he kala. Nde fuɗɗii waɗde batuuji, anndiraaɗi « Dialogues de la maison de la ferme » , gila e galle Obasanjo fotde laabi jeegom e nder hitaande. Kadi nde waɗii batuuji winndereeji kala lewru, nde yaltinii jaaynde kala lewru, wiyeteende “Forum Afrique” hakkunde 1991 e 1993. Haɓde e Abacha: 1992-1995 Obasanjo hollitii kulhuli mum, sibu, hay so tawii o wiyi ina wallita gartugol demokaraasi, Babangida alaa ko anniyaaki so wonaa woppude laamu konu. Caggal nde wooteeji gardagol leydi ndi ndarnaa e hitaande 1992, Obasanjo e Anthony Enahoro ndarni fedde ngam demokaraasi e laamu moƴƴu e nder leydi Najeriya. Joɗnde adannde fedde ndee hawri ko e 31 neɗɗo politik nder leydi to Ota e lewru mee 1993. Wooteeji mbaɗi caggal ɗuum e lewru suwee 1993, tawi yimɓe seeɗa tawtoraama. Moshood Abiola mo lannda Social Democratic (SDP) heɓi, kono Babangida ndeen woppii njeñtudi woote ɗee, fodaniino woote ɗiɗmere ko ɓooyaani. SDP salii kala woote ɗiɗmere nde tawnoo ɓe mbiyi ko kanndidaa maɓɓe heɓiino woote gadane ɗee. Ndeen Babangida jaɓii woppude laamu ngam suɓaade laamu siwil jooɗiiɗo, ngu Ernest Shonekan ardii, ngu heɓi laamu e lewru ut 1993, ngu ƴetti peeje ngam waɗde wooteeji kesi e lewru feebariyee 1994. Seneraal Sani Abacha siftinii gooto e gorko gooto, mo wondude e do-gooders woɗɓe, eɓɓi ñaamde wumre ndee. Heddiiɓe ɓee mbayliima tan, oo Samariyanke nannduɗo e moƴƴo [...] arti ngam ƴettude pot suukara e juuɗe wumre ndee ngam hoore mum. Kadi, ko ɓuri heewde e men Nijeernaaɓe, ko en ƴeewooɓe, en mbeltiima. E nder kala sababuuji, ŋakkaani tawtoraaɓe e ñaamde ndee. Kadi ɓe ngoppaani batte moraal. — Obasanjo, e dow kuudetaa Sani Abacha, hitaande 1994 E oon sahaa, Sani Abacha tiiɗtinii doole mum e konu, e lewru noowammbar 1993, o felliti Shonekan yo woppu laamu, o acci hoore makko ƴettude laamu. Obasanjo noddiino Abacha ko adii kuudetaa oo, ina ñaagii ɗum nde woppataa ngalɗoo laawol. Caggal nde Abacha heɓti laamu, o wiyi Obasanjo yo jokkondir e makko. Ko sakkitii koo waɗii, kono salii wallitde laamu Abacha haa nde anndini ñalngu ngu yaltata e hoore mum. Ndeen Abacha momtii lanndaaji politik gonɗi ɗii e juɓɓule demokaraasiije, o noddi politikaaji ummoriiɗi e nokkuuji ceertuɗi yo naata e Diisnondiral makko Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe ; Obasanjo salii toɗɗaade hay gooto e ndeeɗoo diiso. Obasanjo fuɗɗi jeertinde wonde Naajeeriya ina yahra e wolde hakkunde leyɗeele woɗnde e nder feccere leƴƴi, e lewru mee 1994 kanko e Yar'Adua ɓe ndarni fedde wiyeteende National Unity Promoters, fedde daraniinde haɗde ndeeɗoo feere. E lewru Juko, Abiola anndini hoore mum hooreejo lesdi Naajeeriya, nden o nanngaama ngam janfa. Hay so tawii Obasanjo saliima jaɓde haala Abiola, o wasiyiima Abacha nde woppataa ɗum. Ndeen o ardiima fedde ardiiɓe aadaaji e batu ngu ɓe ndarni ngam fuɗɗoraade kaaldigal hakkunde Abacha e Abiola. Jaɓugo maako wallugo Abiola mettini Yoruba'en ɗuuɗɓe, jawdi Obasanjo haa lesdi Yoruba'en ɗon ƴama.Obasanjo mettini bee ko o yi'i bana jukkungo ngam o wallitaako nafuuda sectari'en Yoruba'en. E lewru marse 1995, Obasanjo ina wonnoo to leydi Danemark ngam tawtoreede batu Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe ngam ɓamtaare renndo to Kopenhag. Nde o woni ton, o nani Yar'Adua nanngaama, malla o heɓan bana non to o warti Naajeeriya. O wiyi noon o wiyi alaa ko o waɗi, o felliti hootde. Waɗi sahaa gooto to Aeroport Lagos, passport makko nanngaa, janngo mum, polis ƴetti mo e galle makko Ota. Polis tuumi Obasanjo ina jokkondiri e kuudetaa mo Abacha waɗi, mo kolonel Lawan Gwadabe yuɓɓini. Obasanjo nawtaama hakkunde nokkuuji deentorɗi ceertuɗi, tawi gonnooɗo hooreejo leydi Amerik hono Carter e hoore mum jokkondirii e Abacha ngam ɗaɓɓude yo Obasanjo woppe. Ndeen Obasanjo artiraama to Ota, o waɗtaa e kasoo fotde lebbi ɗiɗi, e nder ɗuum o haɗaama heɓde jaayɗe, telefoŋ, walla njilluuji. Goɗɗo e tuumaaɗo wonde ina jeyaa e kuudetaa oo, hono Kolonel RSB Bello-Fadile, awokaa konu, ina wondi e caɗeele, e nder ɗuum o siifondiri e bayyinaango wonde o yahiino to Ota ngam humpitaade Obasanjo ko fayti e kuudetaa oo no woniri e peewnugol. Ɗum huutoraama ngam seedeeji ngam ñaawde Obasanjo e suuɗde fenaande, ko ɗum huunde nde sariyaaji leydi Najeriya mbaɗi.Ndeen o nawaama to nokku naamne kisal leydi ndii to Ikoyi. Abacha wiyi yo Obasanjo ñaawe e yeeso ñaawirdu konu, ñaawirdu nduu waɗi ñalnde 19 suwee 1995. E nder ñaawoore ndee, Obasanjo yedditii wonde RSB Bello-Fadile meeɗaa hawrude e makko. RSB Bello-Fadile kadi hollitii wonde o siifondirii e bayyinaango ngo Obasanjo jogori waɗde e dow doole, kono ñaawirdu nduu saliima ndeeɗoo ruttaade. Ñalnde 14 sulyee, ñaawirde ndee ñaawi Obasanjo duuɓi 25 kasoo ; Yar'Adua e woɗɓe sappo e nayo kadi tuumaaɗo wonde e nder fedde nde, ñaawaama warngo.Obasanjo caggal ɗuum noddi ɗum "ñalngu mum ɓurngu mettude". Caggal nde hooreejo leydi Amerik biyeteeɗo Bill Clinton holliti wonde leydi mum ina jogori haɗde petroŋ leydi Naajeeriya so tawii ɗeen warngooji mbaɗii, Abacha wayli ñaawoore maɓɓe, o ustii ñaawoore Obasanjo haa duuɓi 15. Kasoo: 1995-1998 Obasanjo waɗi lebbi nay garooji ɗii ko e nokku biyeteeɗo Ikoyi Centre, ɗo o fuɗɗii nanngeede e nder kasoo gooto. Ndeen o nawaama to kasoo mawɗo Lagos, Kirikiri, ɗo o woni e opitaal kasoo ngam rafi hipertension e jabet. Sarɗiiji Kirikiri ina keewi, ina ŋakki, Obasanjo wiyi wonde « yiɗaa ɗum e gaño am ɓurɗo bonde ». Ko ɗoon RSB Bello-Fadile ñaagii Obasanjo yaafuya sabu mum ƴattaade ɗum, Obasanjo yaafni ɗum. Ndeen winndannde nde RSB Bello-Fadile winndi ngam humpitaade ngonka kaa, yaltinaama e kasoo, yaltinaa, wallitii hollirde wonde Obasanjo alaa ko o waɗi. Caggal jonte keewɗe, Obasanjo e woɗɓe tuumaaɓe waɗde fedde ndee, njaltinaama to kasoo Jos to diiwaan hakkundeejo, to diiwaan Plateau ɗo ɓe ngoni lebbi keewɗi. Obasanjo fuɗɗinoo hokkaama tan ko Biibal e Quraana ngam janngude, kono seeɗa-seeɗa o acci binndi ɓurɗi yaajde. Binndol kadi ina rokka mo, ina addana mo jokkondirde e yimɓe e juɓɓule ceertuɗe, haa jooni Stella ina jaɓa yillaade mo lewru kala laawol gootol. Mandelaa e Pape Jean Paul II fof noddii yo o woppe, tawi noon sosiyeteeji Inndo e Almaañ fof ina ndokki mo njeenaaje winndereeje.Forum ardorde Afrik yaltinii defte ɗiɗi ɓataakeeji e binndanɗe binndaaɗe ngam teddinde mo ; Forum oo e hoore mum dogiino ummoraade Accra to Ganaa ngam daɗde e tooñanngeeji laamu Abacha. E fuɗɗoode hitaande 1996, Obasanjo ummiima Jos, fayti e kasoo ɓurɗo woɗɗude to Yola, to diiwaan Adamawa. Ko ɗoon o jaɓaa remde gesa.[194] Obasanjo hollitii wonde e nder kasoo o ɓeydii luggiɗde e goonɗinal makko e Kerecee’en, o ɓadtii Alla,[194] o wonti Kerecee’en jibinaaɗo.[195] Gila ndeen, diine kerecee en ina joginoo darnde ɓurnde mawnude e nder yi’annde makko aduna. To Yola, o waajii 28 waaju yontere kala caggal nde jaagorɗe njilluuji ndartinaa e wakkati seeɗa. O winndi ɗeen waajuuji, o acci ɗi njaltina nde o yalti.[195] Obasanjo kadi etinooma moƴƴinde yoga e sukaaɓe kasoo, rewrude e yahrude yeeso maɓɓe nde o wonti neɗɗo dimo.[196] Obasanjo hulii wonde maa o tooke, haa teeŋti noon e nder haalaaji renndo wonde maayde Yar'adua ko tooke anniya.[197] Abacha sankii ɗoon e ɗoon e lewru suwee 1998, caggal ɗuum komanndaaji konu nguu toɗɗii Seneraal Major Abdulsalaami Abubakar lomto makko. Yontere caggal mum, Abubakar yamiri yo Obasanjo woppe, o neldi laana ndiwoowa ngam artirde mo to Ota.[197] E yiɗde wartirde leydi Naajeeriya e laamu siwil, Abubakar fusi lanndaaji e juɓɓule leydi ndi gonɗe heen ɗee, o anndini peeje ɗe ngaddanta hooreejo leydi siwil toɗɗaade e lewru mee 1999.[198] Kampaañ ngam suɓaade hooreejo leydi : 1998-1999 Jooni ko o neɗɗo dimo, Obasanjo yahiino Afrik worgo, Angalteer, e Amerik, ɗo o safraa.[199] Lanndaaji politik kesi ina mbaɗa e nder leydi Najeriya, gooto e ɓurɓe mawnude e majji ko lannda Demokaraasi Leƴƴi (PDP), fedde nde yiɗnoo ko yaajde no feewi, so tawii ko e laamu, nde haɗata kuudetaaji garooji.[199] Terɗe PDP mawɗe ndartinii Obasanjo ngam wonde kanndidaa hooreejo leydi. Ɓe cikkatnoo ko omo waawi yamirde teddungal winnderewal, kadi ko o neɗɗo militeer, omo waawi jogaade leydi ndii e dow kuudetaaji garooji e dille seertuɗe. Ɓe mbi'i kadi Naajeeriya ɗon mari haaje hooreejo lesdi fombina ngam foondugo ardungal maako arandewal haa woyla, nden Obasanjo holli hoore maako bana fombina mo walaa ƴamol dow fombina.[200] Sehilaaɓe e ɓesngu ina mbiya yo o dog, mbiyi o bonnat innde makko moƴƴere walla o wara. Obasanjo hollitii wonde o saliima, kono ñalnde 28 lewru nduu o naati e lannda PDP, yontere caggal ɗuum o hollitii wonde o woni ko e waɗde hoore makko ngam wonde kanndidaa hooreejo lannda ka.[201] E nder kampaañ makko, o teeŋtinii yiɗde makko artirde ko o sikki ko ndonu laamu moƴƴu nde o yalti e laamu e hitaande 1979.[202] E nder dingiral mooftugol kaalis, o dañii N356 miliyoŋ, heen N120 miliyoŋ ko njulaagu Aliko Dangote rokki ɗum. Ko ɓuri heewde e ɗeen dokke ummorii ko e worɓe militeer en e njuɓɓudi njulaagu kesiri.[202] O yilliima leydi ndii, o waɗii konnguɗi e ɗaɓɓude heɗtiiɓe e yimɓe teeŋtuɓe ; ƴamde guwerneeruuji dowlaaji ko huunde maantiniinde e mbaadi makko.[203] Kampaañ makko ina ɓuuɓna kampaañ makko mawɗo, hono Alex Ekwueme, mo yimɓe worgo e konu nguu ngoongɗinaani no feewi.[204] PDP ina heɓa leydi e nder leydi Najeriya, ina hollita wonde ko kañum woni lannda ɓurka waawde e nder wooteeji laamu nokkuuji ɗii e lewru Duujal 1998, e wooteeji diiwaanuuji ɗii e lewru Yarkomaa 1999, e wooteeji Senaa e suudu sarɗiiji e lewru Feebariyee 1999.[205] Ñalnde 14 feebariyee 1999, batu PDP noddaa ngam suɓaade kanndidaa mum to hooreejo leydi. Obasanjo heɓi 1 658 woote, Ekwueme heɓi 521, e kanndidaaji joy keddiiɗi ɗii 260.[206] E ɗaɓɓude neɗɗo worgo ngam wonde cukko hooreejo leydi PDP, Obasanjo suɓii Atiku Abubakar.[207] Woote hooreleydaagu mbaɗi ko ñalnde 27 feebariyee ; Ko Olu Falae mo APP tan woni luutndiiɗo Obasanjo. Fotde feccere e fotɓe suɓaade ɓee mbaɗii noon, won heen ko fenaande hay so tawii alaa ko bonnata. Taƴre laawɗunde ndee rokkii Obasanjo 63% e wooteeji ɗii ; ko kanko woni majjuɗo e nder dowlaaji jeegom ɗii fof e nder leydi makko Yoruba.[208] Hooreejo leydi (1999-2007) Manndaa gadano (1999-2003) Siile hooreejo leydi Naajeeriya Caggal nde o riiwti ɗum, Obasanjo naati e nder galle hooreejo leydi to Aso Rock e lewru mee 1999 caggal nde o hunni hooreejo leydi to Eagle Square to Abuja.[209] Nde o toɗɗii laamu maako kesu, o suɓi ministaajo ɗuuɗɗum diga woylaare lesdi Naajeeriya, koo ngam ko ɓuri ɗuuɗugo nder maɓɓe woni Kirista'en, ɗum mettini woɓɓe juulɓe woylaare lesdi Naajeeriya. Ɓeen ñiŋooɓe ina keewi sifaade wonde kabine Obasanjo ina ɓooyi no feewi, ina ŋakkiraa humpito, haa teeŋti noon so tawii ko e geɗe faggudu.[210] E nder laamu makko gadano, toɓɓe ndimaagu ɗe Naajeeriya’en keɓata ɓeydii; ndimaagu jaayndeeji ina addana hooreejo leydi ndi ñiŋde no feewi.[211] E nder lebbi gadani laamu makko, Obasanjo woppii fotde 200 ofisee militeer, tawi heen 93 fof ina njogii jappeere politik, ɗum noon ko kuudetaa mo ofiseeji keewɗi humpito mbaɗata ina famɗi.[209] O ummini kadi ministeer defansiyoŋ gila Lagos haa Abuja, ngam tabitinki ɗum waddaama les njiimaandi laamu ɓurndi laaɓtude.[209] Manndaa ɗiɗaɓo (2003-2007) Obasanjo suɓaama kadi e woote 2003 ɗe njuumtaani, tawi ina waɗi caɗeele leƴƴi e diineeji. Gaño makko mawɗo, gonnooɗo laamɗo konu Seneraal Muhammadu Buhari, ko juulɗo, o heɓi ballal makko ko ɓuri heewde ko e fuɗnaange. Obasanjo heɓi 61,8% e woote ɗe, o fooli Buhari ko ɓuri miliyoŋaaji 11 woote.[212] E lewru noowammbar 2003, Obasanjo ñiŋaama sabu kuulal mum rokkude asilo hooreejo leydi Liberiya, hono Charles Taylor.[213] Ñalnde 12 lewru juko hitaande 2006, o siifondiri nanondiral Greentree e hooreejo leydi Kameruun Paul Biya nanondiral ngal joofniri luural keeri hakkunde duunde Bakassi.[214] Hay so tawii Senaa leydi Najeriya ƴettii kuulal ngam wiyde wonde ittugol konu leydi Najeriya e nder duunde Bakassi ko huunde nde fotaani, Obasanjo rokki yamiroore nde jokkata no haanirta nii.[215] E manndaa makko ɗiɗaɓo, Obasanjo jokki e daranaade yaajnude doole polis leydi ndii, haa arti noon e 325 000 polis e hitaande 2007.[216] Fitinaaji laddeeji jokkuɗi hakkunde juulɓe e kerecee en e nder diiwaan Plateau addani Obasanjo bayyinde toon laamu nguu e lewru mee 2004, o dartini laamu diiwaan oo, o darni laamu konu lebbi jeegom.[217] Ñalnde 22 lewru nduu hitaande 2005, guwerneer diiwaan Abia e oon sahaa, hono Orji Uzor Kalu, rokki EFCC ɗaɓɓaande ngam tuumaade wonde Obasanjo waɗii golle bonɗe.[218] Ajenda manndaa tataɓo Obasanjo ina wondi e luural ko fayti e « Agenda mum tataɓo » , woni peeje ngam waylude doosgal leydi ndii mbele omo waawa jogaade manndaa tataɓo, duuɓi nay, e gardagol leydi ndii. Ɗum waɗii ƴamol nder jaayndeeji siyaasaaku nder Naajeeriya, nden boo kuugal ngal jaɓaaka nder Asamblee lesdi.[219][220] Ko ɗum waɗi Obasanjo woppi laamu caggal wooteeji gardagol leydi e lewru abriil 2007.[221] E nder yeewtere hesere nde o waɗdunoo e teleeji Channels, Obasanjo saliima jeyeede e ko wiyetee « Ajenda tataɓo ». O wi'i ɗum Asamblee lesdi Naajeeriya ɗon mari limngal limngal limngal limngal lesdi Naajeeriya. Obasanjo wiyi : "mi meeɗaa fiyde miijo manndaa tataɓo."[222] Ajenda manndaa tataɓo Obasanjo ina wondi e luural ko fayti e « Agenda mum tataɓo » , woni peeje ngam waylude doosgal leydi ndii mbele omo waawa jogaade manndaa tataɓo, duuɓi nay, e gardagol leydi ndii. Ɗum waɗii ƴamol nder jaayndeeji siyaasaaku nder Naajeeriya, nden boo kuugal ngal jaɓaaka nder Asamblee lesdi.[219][220] Ko ɗum waɗi Obasanjo woppi laamu caggal wooteeji gardagol leydi e lewru abriil 2007.[221] E nder yeewtere hesere nde o waɗdunoo e teleeji Channels, Obasanjo saliima jeyeede e ko wiyetee « Ajenda tataɓo ». O wi'i ɗum Asamblee lesdi Naajeeriya ɗon mari limngal limngal limngal limngal lesdi Naajeeriya. Obasanjo wiyi : "mi meeɗaa fiyde miijo manndaa tataɓo."[222] Obasanjo ñaawaama e juuɗe mawɓe politik e nder sagata Agenda manndaa tataɓo. Senator Ken Nnamani, hooreejo suudu joonde diidaaɗi lesdi Naajeeriya, wi'i Obasanjo anndini mo dow ajendaaji ɗin ɓaawo o laati hooreejo suudu joonde diidaaɗi lesdi Naajeeriya. O wiyi : "Ɗoon e ɗoon, ngon-mi hooreejo senaa, o haalani mi anniya makko, o haalani mi no o yiɗiri heɓde ɗum. Miin e fuɗɗoode mi ƴettataa mo no feewi haa kewuuji ɗii puɗɗii feeñde." O hollitii kadi wonde Miliyaaruuji jeetati (8) Naira njaltinaama ngam wallitde depiteeji ɗii ngam wallitde ajendaaji ɗii, o naamndii : « hol no neɗɗo waawirta haalde nii tawa o anndaa ɗum, tee kaalis, e kaalis leydi ndii e kaalis leydi ndii fof, ina wayla juuɗe ». Femi Gbajabiamila tabbitini haala Nnamani ammaa o waɗi limngal man feere-feere, o wi'i: "Kaalis man hawti bee miliyaaruuji N10. Hol no N10bn wurtinirtee nder ceede lesdi ngam eɓɓoore nde a woni hooreejo jooɗiiɗo, ammaa nden eɓɓoore laataaki miijo ma? Toy ceede man iwdi?" E nder haalaaji garooji ɗii, Nnamani wiyi wonde hooreejo leydi Amerik hono George W. Bush jeertinii Obasanjo nde woppataa peeje mum ngam tawtoreede woote gardagol leydi e manndaa tataɓo. O wiyi : "so aɗa yiɗi hoolkisaade wonde gorko oo ina haala fenaande tan, ƴettu deftere nde Condoleezza Rice, gonnooɗo jaagorgal leydi Amerik winndi. Ko goonga ko deftere nde Rice winndi. E hello 628 walla hello 638, o yeewtidii e Obasanjo, no o yiɗiri hawrude e hooreejo leydi Ameriknaajo oo, no o yiyri hooreejo leydi Ameriknaajo oo ina waawi waylude doosgal leydi ndii mbele omo waawa yahde e manndaa tataɓo, Bush wiyi mo yo o woppu ɗum, o yalta haa ñalnde 29 mee 2007."[223] Politik faggudu, renndo e caggal leydi Politik faggudu Obasanjo e wondude e laamɗo leydi Iran e hitaande 1999 E ngalu petrol, Obasanjo sosi Komitiiru Ƴellitaare Delta Niger, o huutorii Porogaraam Jaŋde leslesre winndereyankoore ngam ɓeydude jaŋde leslesre Naajeeriya. O sosi Komiseer keeriiɗo toppitiiɗo golle bonɗe e Komiseer toppitiiɗo bonanndeeji faggudu e kaalis. Wuurtinii Sosiyetee ngenndiijo njulaagu to Kaduna e (Onne) Port Harcourt. Obasanjo ɓeydi geɗal njoɓdi petroŋ e renndo to dowla iwdi mum gila e 3 haa 13 e nder teemedere.[224] Ko adii laamu Obasanjo, ɓeydagol PIB leydi Nijeer ina muusi no feewi gila 1987, tee ina jokki tan e 3% hakkunde 1999 e 2000. Kono, e laamu Obasanjo, ɓeydagol ngol ɓeydiima fotde laabi ɗiɗi haa 6% haa o woppi laamu, tawi noon ina walliti ɗum e feccere e ɓeydagol coggu petroŋ. Resooji leydi Naajeeriya ko ɓuri miliyaaruuji ɗiɗi dolaar e hitaande 1999 haa miliyaaruuji 43 dolaar nde ɓe njalti laamu e hitaande 2007.[225] O dañii yaafuya ñamaale e fedde Pari e Londres fotde 18 miliyaar dolaar, o yoɓi kadi 18 miliyaar dolaar goɗɗo ngam woppude ñamaale. Ko vuri heewde e ziin njovdiiji mooftaama e njovdi njulaagu juutndi e nder yontere nde. (Toɓɓere feewnitagol). Ko ɓuri heewde e ɗeen ñamaale mooftaama wonaa e fenaande kono ko e yontaaji 1982–85 nde Naajeeriya huutorii laamu toppitiingu mbayliigu nguu, ngu rokki denndaangal njulaagu nguu e banke mawɗo leydi Nijeer. Nde Obasanjo heɓi laamu, faggudu leydi Najeriya wonnoo ko e caɗeele. Inflation ina yahra e 30% e hitaande e nder kitaale 1990 fof, e hitaande 2001 fotde 20% e mawɓe leydi Najeriya ina ngala golle.[226] Baasal ina yaaji, laamu Obasanjo ina yiɗi ustude ɗum e yoɓde N3,500 lewru kala fotde 200,000 neɗɗo ngam waɗde golle gaadoraaɗe ko wayi no ɓuuɓnude e moƴƴinde laabi.[226] Ndeen eɓɓoore lomtinaama e Porogaraam ngenndiijo ngam haɓaade baasal, jowitiingal e ƴellitde golle sukaaɓe, e njuɓɓudi teeru, e reende.[226] E hitaande 2000, laamu Obasanjo ɓeydi njoɓdi ɓurndi famɗude ndi sariya yamiri ndii laabi ɗiɗi.[227] O noddi Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe (FMI) ngam ƴeewtaade faggudu leydi Najeriya e rokkude wasiyaaji no moƴƴiri ɗum;[228] ɓe njeertinii wonde laamu nguu ina heewi ñamlude.[227] E hitaande 2001, Obasanjo hollitii hoore mum "ko o goongɗinɗo njuɓɓudi luumo", o hollitii wonde o yiyii bonneede ko "njuɓɓudi bonndi e nder sekteer laamu" addani mo.[229] Kono, nde o holliti darnde makko e nanondiral Washington ngam luumooji rimɗi, e privatisation, e ŋakkeende ngalu laamu, ngalu laamu nguu e feccere PIB ɓeydiima gila e 29% e hitaande 1997 haa 50% e hitaande 2001.[229] E lewru Yarkomaa hitaande 2000, Naajeeriya heɓi nyamande miliyaaruuji 1 dolaar Amerik, ko ɗum addani laamu nguu naatde e kaaldigal ngam waylude ñamaale mum e ñamaale mum.[228] Laamu Obasanjo naftoriima coggu petroŋ toowngu e nder winndere ndee e manndaa mum gadano. Nde anniyii kadi ɓeydude petroŋ leydi Naajeeriya e ɓeydude keewal gaasuuji ɓuuɓɗi, ɗi puɗɗii yaltineede e leydi ndii e hitaande 1999.[230] Obasanjo fellitii momtude ballal petroŋ, ɓeyda coggu nguu haa yettoo tolno njulaagu. Kongres gollooɓe leydi Naajeeriya noddi seppo mawngo ngam seppude ngam salaade lewru Juko hitaande 2000 e Obasanjo sakkitii, o ustii ballal ngal, wonaa ittude ngal. Ngolɗoo ngonka addani Obasanjo hollirde wonde ko "gaño miskineeɓe" e miijo renndo.[231] Ngam ɓeydude ustude njoɓdi, Obasanjo wayliima e privatisation, o sosi Diiso ngenndiijo ko faati e privatisation e lewru sulyee 1999. Nde o heɓi laamu, laamu fedde nde ina joginoo 588 sosiyetee laamu, tawi ko ina tolnoo e 55% e ñamaale caggal leydi, Obasanjo ina yaakorii wonde ko heewi e ɗeen, hay so tawii noon ɗe mbaawaa wonde in2. Privatization yiɗaama e yimɓe leydi Najeriya, ko 35% tan ɓe keɓi ballal e wiyde wiɗto miijo hitaande 2000.[233] Obasanjo kadi ina yiɗi kaaldigal ngam ustude ñamaale.[234] O hollitii wonde ñamaale leydi Naajeeriya ina keewi no feewi, ina mbonna faggudu mum e demokaraasi mum. Hay so tawii Kanadaa, Itali e Amerik ndartinii ñamaale leydi Nijeer, ɗeen ñamaale ina pamɗi, ñamaale mawɗe leydi ndii, ɓurɗe mawnude heen ko Angalteer, njaɓaani.[235] Obasanjo ɗon tuuma caɗeele faggudu lesdi Naajeeriya ɗuuɗɗe dow fenaande;[236] nder hitaande 2000, fedde Transparency International limti ɗum lesdi ɓurdundi fenaande nder duniyaaru.[229] Balɗe seeɗa caggal nde o heɓi laamu o hollitii kuulal ngam haɓaade fenaande to Asaambele ngenndi, hay so tawii noon ɗum jibinii luulndaare mawnde e juuɗe ñaawooɓe cikkatnooɓe ko ɗum rokki laamu nguu doole ɓurɗe heewde. Nanondiral waɗii ngam ustude eɓɓooje Obasanjo, addani mo siynude sariya keso oo e lewru suwee 2000.[236] Alaa ko holliti wonde njulaagu ustiima e nder leydi Najeriya e nder manndaa Obasanjo gadano, laamu makko waɗaani hay huunde ngam ƴeewtaade njulaagu nguu e nder leydi Najeriya, ngu yaaji e nder laamuuji diiwaan e laamuuji nokkuuji.[229] Obasanjo ina wondi e hooreejo leydi Riisi Valadimir Putin to Kremlin e hitaande 2001 Cellal renndo kadi ko huunde tiiɗnde e nder leydi Nijeer. E nder kitaale 1990, Naajeeriya ina yoɓnoo fotde 0,2% e PIB mum ngam wallitde cellal renndo, ko ɗum woni ko ɓuri famɗude e winndere ndee. Laamu Obasanjo ɓeydi ɗum haa ko ɓuri 0,4%.[237] Caɗeele cellal ɓurɗe yaawde toɗɗaade leydi Najeriya ko ñawu VIH/SIDA, Obasanjo yamiri ɗoon e ɗoon ciimtol ngonka e dow toɓɓere ndee caggal nde o heɓi laamu.[237] Ndeen o sosi Goomu Hooreejo leydi ngam haɓaade SIDA, ngu o ardii, o sosi Goomu Pewnugol Golle Ngenndiije ngam yuɓɓinde kampaañ 2000–03, jowitiingo e bayyinaango, heblo, wasiyaaji, e jarribooji ngam haɓaade mboros o. Ngam yahduki yeeso ngam njamu jama'aare, o fuɗɗi kampaniire kesum ngam hurgugo ceede laamu lesdi Naajeeriya ngam etaade nyiɓugo suudu nyawndiigu nder kala nokkure 774 laamu lesdi Naajeeriya l0iu7fyjk2hua21jdiu61oplx41nn5x 175779 175778 2026-06-22T20:31:42Z Ilya Discuss 10103 #1Lib1Ref 175779 wikitext text/x-wiki Mawɗo Olusegun Matthew Okikiola Ogunboye Aremu Obasanjo GCFR (// C; Yoruba: Olúṣẹ́gun Ọbásanjọ́ [ōlúʃɛ́ɡũ̄ ɔ̄básã̄d͡ʒɔ́] R; jibinaa ko c. ndema, e gonnooɗo seneraal konu gonnooɗo hooreejo leydi Naajeeriya gila 1976 haa 1979, caggal ɗuum o woni hooreejo leydi ndii gila 1999 haa 2007. To bannge miijo, ko o ngenndiyanke Naajeeriya, o jeyaa ko e lannda Demokaraasi Leƴƴi (PDP) gila 1998 haa 2019. Obasanjo jibinaa ko e wuro Ibogun-Olaogun, e nder galle remoowo, jeyaaɗo e leñol Owu, Obasanjo janngi ko ɓuri heewde e wuro wiyeteengo Abeokuta, to diiwaan Ogun. O naati konu leydi Naajeeriya, o janngi ko faati e inndeeji, o golliima to Konngo, Angalteer, e Inndo, o arti e darnde Major. E darorɗe kitaale 1960, o waɗii darnde mawnde e haɓaade seernaaɓe Biafra e nder wolde hakkunde leyɗeele Nijeer, o jaɓi dogde e hitaande 1970. E hitaande 1975, kuudetaa konu sosi junta e Obasanjo e nder laamu mum tati. Caggal nde hooreejo triumvirate, hono Murtala Muhammed, waraa e hitaande rewtunde ndee, Diiso toowngo konu toɗɗii Obasanjo hooreejo leydi ndii. Jokkude politik Murtala, Obasanjo ƴeewtindiima taƴgol bidsee e yaajnude jaŋde ekkolaaji ɗi ngalaa njoɓdi. Ɓesdugo hawtuki lesdi Naajeeriya bee lesdi Amerika, o teddini kadi ballal pelle luutndiiɗe laamu ɓaleeɓe pamari nder Afrika woylaare. Obasanjo ɗon mari haaje wartirgo demokaraasi, o ardi woote 1979, ɓaawo man o hokki laamu lesdi Naajeeriya haa hooreejo lesdi siwil keso, Shehu Shagari. Ndeen Obasanjo artii e golle mum to Ota, Ogun, ɗo o wonti demoowo, o yaltini defte nay, o tawtoraama eɓɓooji winndereeji ngam joofnude hareeji Afrik ceertuɗi. E hitaande 1993, Sani Abacha heɓti laamu e kuudetaa konu. Obasanjo ina ñiŋa laamu Abacha e peeñcu, e hitaande 1995 o nanngaa, o ñaawaa wonde o jeyaa ko e kuudetaa peewnaaɗo, hay so tawii o seppii wonde o alaa ella. Nde o woni e kasoo ndee, o wonti Kerecee’en jibinaaɗo, tawi ko providentialism ina tiiɗtini no feewi e yi’annde makko aduna caggal ɗuum. O woppitaama caggal maayde Abacha e hitaande 1998. Obasanjo naati e politik wooteeji, o wonti kanndidaa PDP e wooteeji hooreleydaagu 1999, ɗi o dañi. Ko o hooreejo leydi, o woppi politik militeer en, kamɓe ɗiɗo fof ɓe njaajni polis, ɓe moofti konu ngam haɓaade fitinaaji leƴƴi, diineeji, e seernaaɓe jaajɗi. O itti sooje'en lesdi Naajeeriya diga lesdi Siyeraa Leone, o hokki hukuumaaji pamari feere-feere ngam ustugo ceede lesdi ndi'i. O artiraa e woote 2003. E nder miijooji Pan-Afrik, o woniino daraniiɗo no feewi sosde Dental Afrik, o woniino hooreejo mayre tuggi 2004 haa 2006. Eɓɓooje Obasanjo ngam waylude doosɗe leydi ngam ittude keeri manndaa hooreejo leydi, ɗe njahraani no haanirta nii, ɗe ngaddani ɗum ñiŋooje. Caggal nde o woppi golle, o heɓi doktoraa makko e ganndal diine to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde National Open to leydi Najeriya. Nguurndam gadano Baaba Olusegun Obasanjo, Obasanjo Bankole, jeyaa ko e ardiiɓe hoɗɓe e sosɓe wuro Igbogun Olaogun e fuɗɗoode kitaale 1920. Hay so tawii ko o demoowo keewɗo jawdi, o jom jawdi en, omo hiisee wonde miskiino sabu o jeyaaka e yimɓe jannguɓe e nder leydi Yoruba. Bankole hawri e Bernice Ashabi, njulaagu tokooso to Igbogun, kamɓe ɗiɗo fof ɓe resndi. Ɓeeɗoo ɗiɗo ina njogii ɓiɓɓe ɗiɗo heddiiɓe e nder jeegom : Olusegun e Adunni Oluwola, miñiiko debbo gooto. E wiyde paaspoor makko, Olusegun Obasanjo jibinaa ko ñalnde 5 marse 1937 hay so tawii noon alaa ko winndaa e mum hannde, ñalngu nguu ko limto ɓadiiɗo. Olusegun ko jeyaaɗo e Laamu Owu. O mawni ko e Baptiste. Debbo makko caggal mum naati lislaam ngam resde gorko juulɗo.[9] E duuɓi sappo e go'o, o naati duɗal leslesal wuro ngo,[10] caggal duuɓi tati, e hitaande 1951, o naati duɗal Baptist Day to nokku Owu to Abeokuta.[11] E hitaande 1952 o arti e duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde sukaaɓe Baptist,[12] kadi e nder wuro ngo. Feccere e njoɓdi duɗal makko ko dokke laamu.[13] Obasanjo waɗii ko moƴƴi e jaŋde,[14] e nder duɗal o wonti Boy Scout keewɗo faayiida.[15] Hay so tawii alaa ko holliti wonde e oon sahaa o tawtoraama kala pelle politik,[15] ko e nder duɗal hakkundeewal Obasanjo salii innde makko adannde "Matthew" ngam wonde golle luulndiiɗe koloñaal.[16] E nder ɗuum, baaba Obasanjo woppi debbo mum e sukaaɓe mum ɗiɗo.[17] Nde o yani e baasal, yumma Obasanjo ina foti golloraade njulaagu ngam wuurde.[15] Ngam yoɓugo ceede janngirde maako, Obasanjo ɗon huuwa haa gese kakawo e kola, ɗon ligga, ɗon mooɓa leɗɗe, ɗon sooda ceene mahooɓe. E nder balɗe udditgol duɗal ngal kadi o golliima e duɗal ngal, omo taƴa huɗo e golle juuɗe goɗɗe.[18] E hitaande 1956, Obasanjo waɗi jaŋde mum hakkundeere, caggal nde o ñamli kaalis ngam yoɓde njoɓdi naatgol.[19] E oon hitaande kadi, o fuɗɗii jokkondirde e Oluremi Akinlawon, ɓiy Owu mawɗo station. Ɓe ndarniino dewgal haa hitaande 1958.[20] O yalti duɗal, o fayi Ibadan, o ƴetti golle jannginde. Ko ɗoon o jooɗii e ekzamen naatgol to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Ibadan, kono hay so o jaɓii o tawi o waawaa yoɓde njoɓdi jaŋde.[19] Ndeen Obasanjo fellitii jokkude golle mum e nder konu leydi Najeriya, ngam heɓde ngal gollal, e hitaande 1958 o jaabiima eɓɓoore ngam janngude ofiseeji cadet e nder konu leydi Najeriya.[21][22] Fuɗɗoode golle konu (1958-1966) Heblo konu: 1958-1959 E lewru marse 1958, Obasanjo naati e konu leydi Najeriya.[23] O yi’i ɗum ko fartaŋŋe jokkude jaŋde makko tawa omo heɓa njoɓdi;[24] o humpitaaki ɗoon e ɗoon ɓesngu makko, o hulii wonde jibnaaɓe makko ina njaɓa ɗum.[25] Ko e oon sahaa konu leydi Najeriya ina jokki e juuɗe laamu koloñaal leydi Najeriya, ngam heblude ndimaagu leydi Najeriya timmungu, kadi ina waɗi eɓɓooje ngam heɓde yimɓe leydi Najeriya ɓurɓe heewde e nder darnde konu mum.[25] Ndeen o neldaama to duɗal jaŋde ofiseeji jooɗɗi to Teshie to leydi Gana.[23] Nde o woni caggal leydi, o neldi ɓataakeeji e dokke to jom suudu makko to leydi Najeriya.[20] E lewru suwee 1958, o suɓaa ngam ɓeydaade heblo lebbi jeegom to duɗal Mons Officer Cadet to Aldershot, to fuɗnaange Angalteer. Obasanjo yiɗaa ɗum toon, o sikkatnoo ko ɗum juɓɓule njiyaagu e njiyaagu, o tawi ina saɗi ko jokkondiri e dumunna Engele ɓurɗo toowde e ɓuuɓde.[26] Nde semmbini miijooji makko bonɗi e laamu Biritaan e hakke mum laamaade e dow laamuuji mum koloñaal en.[24] To Mons, o heɓi komisoŋ e seedantaagal to bannge innde. Nde Obasanjo woni to leydi Angalteer, yumma mum maayi. Baaba makko ndeen maayi ko hitaande caggal ɗuum.[27] E hitaande 1959, Obasanjo arti Nijeer. Ko ɗoon o artiraa to Kaduna, o woni subaltern infanterie e bataliyoŋ joyaɓo.[27] Wakkati maako haa Kaduna woni wakkati arandejum nde Obasanjo jooɗi haa nokkure nde juulɓe ɗuuɗi.[27] Ko nde o woni toon, e lewru Oktoobar 1960, leydi Nijeer wonti leydi ndimaagu.[28][22] Kiiriis Konngo: 1960-1961 Ƴeew kadi: Kiriis Konngo Caggal ɗuum seeɗa, bataliyoŋ joyaɓo neldaa to Konngo ngam jeyeede e konu Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe ngam haɓaade jam. Ko ɗoon bataliyoŋ oo woni e nder diiwaan Kivu, tawi ko ɗoon woni Bukavu.[28] To leydi Konngo, Obasanjo e woɗɓe ina njoginoo darnde reende siwil en, haa arti noon e leñol Belsik, e soldateeɓe murtuɓe e laamu Patrice Lumumba.[28] E lewru feebariyee 1961, Obasanjo nanngaa e juuɗe murtuɓe nde o ummotoo e misiyoŋaaji katolik en e nder dingiral sara Bukavu. Mutinooɓe ɓee miijinoo ko warde mo kono ɓe njamiraama yo ɓe njaltu. E lewru mee 1961, bataliyoŋ joyaɓo ummii Konngo, arti Najeriya.[28] E nder wolde nde, o toɗɗaama kapiteen wakkati.[24] O teskiima caggal ɗuum wonde sahaa mo o woni e Konngo oo ina semmbina "fervour pan-africain" bataliyoŋ makko.[28] Gartugol e leydi Konngo: 1961-1966 Nde o arti, Obasanjo soodi oto makko gadano, o naati e opitaal ko juuti sabu rafi reedu. Nde o selli, o artiraa e Korse Innjiniyaaruuji konu. E hitaande 1962 o jooɗii to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Royal College to Angalteer. Ko ɗoon o ɓuri waawde, o siforaa ko "almuudo Commonwealth ɓurɗo waawde". Oon hitaande, o yoɓi Akinlawon ngam yahde Londres ɗo o waawi naatde e kursus heblo. Ɓeeɗoo ɗiɗo resndi ɗum ko e lewru suwee 1963 to biro binnditagol Camberwell Green, ɓe nganndini ɓesnguuji maɓɓe tan caggal nde ɓe mbaɗi hiirde ndee.E ndeen hitaande, Obasanjo yamiraama yo o hoot to leydi Nijeer, hay so tawii debbo makko ina heddii to Londres duuɓi tati goɗɗi ngam timminde jaŋde makko. Nde o naati Naajeeriya, Obasanjo hoosi ardungal konu Innjiniyaaruuji ladde, jooɗiiɗum haa Kaduna. E nder konu, Obasanjo ina jokki e yahrude yeeso e nder darɗe, o wonti mawɗo e hitaande 1965. O huutoriima ngalu makko ngam soodde leydi, e fuɗɗoode kitaale 1960 o heɓi jawdi to Ibadan, Kaduna, e Lagos. E hitaande 1965, Obasanjo neldaa leydi Inndo. E nder laawol, o yilliima debbo makko to Londres. To leydi Indiya, o janngi to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde toppitiingal ko fayti e cellal to Wellington, caggal ɗuum to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Innjiniyaaruuji to Poona. Obasanjo hulɓinii e heege nde o seedtii e nder leydi Indiya hay so tawii o ƴettii nafoore e pinal leydi ndii, huunde nde addani mo janngude defte diineeji nannditooji. Hare nder leydi Naajeeriya Winndannde mawnde: Hare nder leydi Najeriya Golle makko ko adii wolde hakkunde leyɗeele: 1966-1967 Obasanjo ummi Naajeeriya nder lewru January hitaande 1966 ngam heɓugo lesdi ndi'i nder kuudetaa konu ngu Major Emmanuel Ifeajuna ardii. Obasanjo ina jeyaa e jeertinɓe wonde ngonka kaa ina waawi jippaade e wolde nder leydi.O hollitii wonde maa o won hakkunde ƴaañooɓe kuudetaa e laamu siwil, ngu rokki laamu nguu e juuɗe hooreejo konu Johnson Aguiyi-Ironsi. Nde kuudetaa oo ronki, Olusegun hawri e Ironsi to Lagos. Ironsi ɓooyaani ko timmini fedde nde e nder leydi Najeriya rewrude e yamiroore mum kawral e lewru mee 1966, huunde nde ɓuuɓni jiiɓru leƴƴi. E darorɗe lewru sulyee, kuudetaa ɗiɗmo waɗi. To wuro Ibadan, sooja'en iwdi woyla lesdi Naajeeriya ɗon ƴama, ɓe mbari Ironsi, ɓe mbari fodde teemeɗɗe ɗiɗi sooje'en ko ɓuri ɗuuɗugo ɓe iwdi lesdi Naajeeriya. Seneraal Yaakubu Gowon heɓti laamu. Nde ooɗoo kuudetaa waɗata nde Obasanjo wonnoo ko to Maiduguri. Nande ɗum, o yaawi hootde Kaduna. Ko ɗoon o tawi konu worgo ummoriiɗo e bataliyoŋ tataɓo ina ronka, ina torloo, ina wara soldateeɓe Igbo en. Gomnaajo lesdi Naajeeriya, Hassan Katsina, annditi dow koo ngam Olusegun naa Igbo, bana no o woni mo woylaare lesdi Naajeeriya, o ɗon nder ɓilla haa sooja'en murtuɓe. Ngam reenaade ɓe, Katsina neldi Olusegun e debbo mum ngarta Maiduguri balɗe sappo, tawi fitinaaji ɗii ina ustoo. Caggal ɗuum, Obasanjo neldi debbo mum to Lagos, tawi omo hoota Kaduna kanko e hoore makko, o woni ɗoon haa lewru Yarkomaa 1967. E oon sahaa ko kanko woni ofisee Yoruba ɓurɗo mawnude tawaaɗo to bannge worgo. E lewru Yarkomaa 1967, Obasanjo toɗɗaama to Lagos ngam wonde mawɗo Injineer konu.Hare hakkunde leƴƴi Igbo e leƴƴi worgo ina jokki e ɓeydaade, e lewru mee, ofisee konu Igbo C. Odumegwu Ojukwu hollitii jeytaare nokkuuji ɓurɗi heewde Igbo e nder fuɗnaange-rewo leydi Bi. Ñalnde 3 lewru juko, laamu leydi Najeriya neldi Obasanjo to Ibadan ngam wonde hooreejo leydi Hirnaange.Hare hakkunde konu leydi Najeriya e seernaaɓe Biafran fuɗɗii ko ñalnde 6 lewru juko. Ñalnde 9 sulyee, Ojukwu neldi koloñaal konu Biafra dow pont Niiseer ngam yiɗde heɓtude Mid-West, nokku ɗo ɓe mbaawi ummoraade Lagos. Obasanjo yiɗiino uddude laabi jahduɗi e wuro ngo. Komandaajo Yoruba biyeteeɗo Victor Banjo, ardinooɗo konu njanngu Biafran, etinooma waawnude Obasanjo yoo ɓe njaltu, kono o salii. Kuugal konu lesdi: 1967-1970 "Kolonel Olu Obasanjo, gardinooɗo diɗɗal tataɓal". Jaaynde Naajeeriya keso, hello 7, 12 lewru Yarkomaa 1970. Gagga hare nder leydi Naajeeriya e Biafra. Ndeen Obasanjo toɗɗaama hooreejo caggal diɗɗal ɗiɗaɓal Murtala Muhammed, gollotoongal to Mid-Ouest. Obasanjo woni ko e jooɗaade to Ibadan, ko kañum halfinaa Division ɗiɗaɓo oo jogaade kaɓirɗe. E nder wuro ngo, Obasanjo jannginii course ganndal konu to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Ibadan, o mahi jokkondiral makko e nder elite Yoruba. E nder wolde nde, wonno ko jiiɓru mawndu e nder Dowla Hirnaange, ngam daɗde e ɗeen caɗeele, Obasanjo woppi golle mum e nder Diiso doosɗe Hirnaange.Nde Obasanjo woɗɗi Ibadan e lewru noowammbar 1968, gure jogiiɗe kaɓirɗe ɗe fedde remooɓe Agbekoya moofti, njani e galle laamorɗo Ibadan. Konuuji ɗii njaabtii, mbari sappo e fitinaaji ɗii. Nde Obasanjo arti o yamiri yo ñaawirde ƴeewto kewuuji ɗii. Yamiroore konu: 1967-1970 "Kolonel Olu Obasanjo, gardinooɗo diɗɗal tataɓal". Jaaynde Naajeeriya keso, hello 7, 12 lewru Yarkomaa 1970. Gagga hare nder leydi Naajeeriya e Biafra. Ndeen Obasanjo toɗɗaama hooreejo caggal diɗɗal ɗiɗaɓal Murtala Muhammed, gollotoongal to Mid-Ouest. Obasanjo ina jooɗii to Ibadan, ko kañum halfinaa Division ɗiɗaɓo oo jogaade kaɓirɗe. E nder wuro ngo, Obasanjo jannginii course ganndal konu to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Ibadan, o mahi jokkondiral makko e nder elite Yoruba. E nder wolde nde, wonno ko jiiɓru mawndu e nder Dowla Hirnaange, ngam daɗde e ɗeen geɗe, Obasanjo woppi golle e nder Diiso doosɗe Dowla Hirnaange. Nde Obasanjo woɗɗi Ibadan e lewru noowammbar 1968, wuro ngo ina jogii balɗe, ngo fedde remooɓe Agbekoya moofti, yani e galle laamorɗo Ibadan. Konuuji ɗii njaabtii, mbari sappo e fitinaaji ɗii. Nde Obasanjo arti o yamiri yo ñaawirde ƴeewto kewuuji ɗii. Gowon felliti lomtaade Kolonel Benjamin Adekunle, ardinooɗo njanngu Biafra, kono ina haani Yoruba mawɗo goɗɗo. O suɓii ko Obasanjo, hay so tawii noon o alaa humpito hare. Obasanjo arii Port Harcourt ngam heɓtude golle ɗee ñalnde 16 mee 1969 ; o ardii hannde hakkunde 35 000 e 40 000 soldaat. O waɗii jonte jeegom gadane ɗee ko e riiwtude njangu Biafran e Aba. O yilliima kala nokku e yeeso, o gaañiiɗo e waɗde ɗum. Ɗee golle ngaddi mo innde cuusal e nder worɓe makko E lewru desaambar, Obasanjo fuɗɗii golle Finishing Touch, yamiri konu mum yo yahru yeeso feewde Umuahia, ngu ɓe ƴetti ñalnde Natal. Ɗum taƴii Biafra e feccere. Ñalnde 7 lewru Yarkomaa 1970, o ummini ndeen « Operation Tail-Wind », o heɓti laana ndiwoowa Uli ñalnde 12 lewru Yarkomaa. E oon sahaa, ardiiɓe Biafran njaɓi yoɓde. Ñalnde 13 lewru nduu, Obasanjo jokkondiri e komandaajo konu Biafran biyeteeɗo Philip Effiong. Obasanjo wi'i sooja'en Biafran hokka balmi maɓɓe, nden boo suɓol ardiiɓe lesdi ndi'i ɗon yaha Lagos, ɓe hokka Gowon dow laawol. Janngo mum, Obasanjo haali e rajo diiwaan oo, o wiyi ɓiɓɓe leydi ndi yo njokku e galleeji mum en, o dartina kisal mum en. Biafranaaɓe heewɓe e jaayɗe goɗɗe ina kuli wonde konu leydi Najeriya ina waawi waɗde bonanndeeji keewɗi e yimɓe foolɓe ɓee, hay so tawii noon Obasanjo ina yiɗi haɗde ɗum. O yamiri konu makko e nder diiwaan hee yo heddo e nder galleeji mum en, jokkude wonde polis nokku oo ina foti ƴettude kuule ngam ƴellitde sariya e deeƴre. Division tataɓo, ɓurɗo woɗɗude, waɗii hareeji warngooji e yimɓe nokku oo. Obasanjo ina tiiɗi e waɗooɓe bonannde ndee, sibu waɗɓe warngooji ɗii mberlaama, waɗɓe warngooji ɗii mbardaa. Laamu Gowon waɗi Obasanjo kalfinaaɗo naatnude Biafra e nder leydi Najeriya, e nder oon darnde o heɓi teddungal ngam teeŋtinde mawngu. Ko o injenieer, o teeŋtinii artirde jolngo ndiyam ; haa lewru mee 1970 gure mawɗe diiwaan oo fof njokkondirii e jolngo ndiyam. Darnde Obasanjo e timminde wolde nde waɗi mo jaambaaro wolde, kadi ko o neɗɗo ganndiraaɗo e nder leydi Najeriya. Kuugal maako ɓaawo konu lesdi: 1970-1975 E lewru suwee 1970, Obasanjo arti Abeokuta, jamaanu jaɓɓii mo no jaambaaro garoowo nii. Ndeen o neldaama to Lagos, o woni Brigadier gardinooɗo Korse Innjiniyankooɓe. E lewru oktoobar, Gowon hollitii wonde laamu militeer en ina rokka laamu nguu laamu siwil e hitaande 1976. E nder ɗuum, haɗde lanndaaji politik ina heddii e doole ; Gowon yahri yeeso seeɗa e sosde laamu siwil. E les laamu sooja'en, Obasanjo jooɗi nder goomu limngal sooja'en lesdi Naajeeriya, ko laarani limngal sooja'en lesdi Naajeeriya nder duuɓi 1970. E hitaande 1974 Obasanjo yahi to leydi Angalteer ngam janngude to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Royal College to bannge diine. Nde o arti, e lewru Yarkomaa 1975 Gowon toɗɗii mo Komisariyaa Golle e Koɗki, golle ɗe o joginoo fotde lebbi jeeɗiɗi, e nder ɗuum o ɓuri waawde mahde kaɓirɗe konu. E hitaande 1970, Obasanjo soodi sosiyatee Libannaajo ɓooyɗo to Ibadan, o gollini heen awokaa ngam ƴellitde ɗum. E hitaande 1973 o winnditii fedde wiyeteende Temperance Enterprises Limited, nde o waawi waɗde heen golle njulaagu caggal nde o woppi golle konu. O jokki kadi e waɗde heen jawdi ; e hitaande 1974 o joginoo galleeji ɗiɗi to Lagos e gooto fof to Ibadan e Abeokuta. Haalaaji ummii wonde Obasanjo ina jokki e waɗde njulaagu nguu ina ɓeydoo yaajde e nder leydi Najeriya, hay so tawii noon alaa ko holliti ɗum ko laaɓti. Dewgal makko e Oluremi wonti caɗeele nde o salii jokkondiral makko e rewɓe woɗɓe. E cakkital kitaale 1970 dewgal maɓɓe fusi. E hitaande 1976 o resi Stella Abebe e nder kewu aadaaji Yoruba. E nder laamu Murtala Kuudetaa 1975 e caggal mum Binndanɗe mawɗe: Kuudetaa laamu Nijeer e hitaande 1975 e Kawtal konu Nijeer (1966–1979) E lewru sulyee 1975, kuudetaa e gardagol Shehu Muusaa Yar’Adua e Yuusuf Garba liɓi Gowon, o dogi fayti Angalteer. Ɓe kaalaani Obasanjo e peeje maɓɓe nde tawnoo omo anndiraa wonde kuudetaa ko kuutorgal waylude laamu. Kuudetaaji ɗii njiɗnoo ko lomtinde laamu otokaraasi Gowon nguu e laamu tati (triumvirate) brigadieruuji tati ɗi Diiso Toowngo Konu ina waawi haɗde kuule mum en. Ngalɗoo laamu tati, ɓe cemmbini Seneraal Murtala Muhammed yo won hooreejo leydi, Obasanjo woni ɗiɗaɓo e gardagol mum, Danjuma woni tataɓo. Daartoowo biyeteeɗo John Iliffe teskiima wonde e nder triumvirate, Obasanjo ko « puccu gollordu e ngaandi » , ko kanko ɓuri yaawde hootde e laamu siwil. E nder heen, triumvirate oo naatni peeje ustude ngalu ngam haɗde inflation, sosi Biro toppitiiɗo ko fayti e golle bonɗe, lomtini guwerneeruuji militeer en ɗii fof ofiseeji kesi, ɓe cifotoo ko Obasanjo woni hooreejo konu, ɓe puɗɗii "Operation Deadwood" mo ɓe ndartini ofiseeji civil 11,000. Mawɗo gollordu, suudu sarɗiiji: 1975–76 E lewru oktoobar 1975, laamu nguu hollitii peeje ngam waɗde woote ɗe mbaɗata ngam laamu siwil e lewru oktoobar 1979. Ngu hollitii kadi peeje ngam sosde goomu ngam ƴettude doosgal leydi kesal, tawi ko Obasanjo ɓuri waawde suɓaade terɗe goomu nguu 49. E dow wasiyaaji Komiseer Irifeke, laamu nguu hollitii kadi sosde dowlaaji jeeɗiɗi kesi ; e dow tiiɗnaare Obasanjo, Abeokuta ina foti wonde laamorgo gooto e ɗeen dowlaaji kesi, hono Ogun. Kadi dow wasiyaaji komitiiru ndun, ɓe anndini anniyaaji seeɗa-seeɗa ngam wurtinki laamorgo lesdi Naajeeriya diga Lagos haa Abuja ɓurduɗum caka. E lewru Yarkomaa 1976, Obasanjo e Danjuma fof ƴettaa e jappeere Lietnaa-Seneraal. Murtala e Obasanjo fof ina ndartini darnde ngam haɗde koloñaal Oropnaaɓe jokkude e njiimaandi ɓaleeɓe tokosɓe e nder Afrik worgo, ɗum noon ko huunde nde ɓe cuɓii e politik maɓɓe caggal leydi. Ngolɗoo sabaabu ina ɓeydoo wontude ngoƴa Obasanjo. Caggal nde Angolaa heɓti jeytaare mum e juuɗe Portigaal, wolde ɓesngu addi e leydi hee. Naajeeriya anndi laabi laamu ngu MPLA, fedde marxist en nde Dental Sowiyet walli, sabu laamu luulndiingu FNLA e UNITA ina mballita e laamu ɓaleeɓe tokosɓe to Afrik worgo. Ko jiidaa e rokkude MPLA ballal kaalis, Niiseer fuɗɗiima ƴattaade leyɗeele Afrik goɗɗe ngam kadi jaɓde njuɓɓudi MPLA, e fuɗɗoode hitaande 1976 ko ɓuri heewde e dowlaaji e nder Fedde Ngootaagu Afrik (OAU) mbaɗii ɗum. E lewru feebariyee 1976, Obasanjo ardii delegaasiyoŋ Najeriya ngam mawninde hitaande MPLA to Luanda, ɗo o wiyi : « ko ñalngu maantiniingu, ko ɗum fuɗɗoode hare sakkitiinde ngam haɓaade koloñaal, imperiyaalisma e njiyaagu e nder Afrik ». Warngo Murtala : 13 feebariyee 1976 E lewru feebariyee 1976, kolonel Buka Suka Dimka waɗi kuudetaa e laamu Nijeer, tawi ko ndeen Seneraal Murtala Muhammed waraa. Eɓɓoore kadi waɗaama e nguurndam Obasanjo, kono neɗɗo mo fotaani waraa. Dimka ŋakkiraa ballal mawngal e nder militeer en, kuudetaa makko ronki, ɗum addani mo dogde. Obasanjo tawtoraaki wirwirnde Murtala to Kano, kono o hollitii laamu nguu ina jogori yoɓde mahngo juulirde e nokku ɗo o wirnaa ɗoo. Caggal nde o waraa, Obasanjo tawtoraama batu Diiso Toowngo Konu. O hollitii yiɗde makko woppude laamu, kono Diiso ngoo heɓiino ɗaɓɓude yo o lomto Murtala e gardagol leydi ndii. Ko ɗum waɗi o wonti hooreejo diiso ngoo.E nder kulhuli makko e ɓeydagol eɓɓooji e nguurndam makko, Obasanjo naati e nder kasoo Dodan, tawi 39 neɗɗo tuumaaɗo wonde e nder kuudetaa Dimka mbaraa, ɗum jibini tuumeede wonde jaabawol Obasanjo ngol ina heewi. Ko Obasanjo woni hooreejo leydi ndi, o huniima jokkude dawrugol Murtala. Hooreejo leydi konu (1976-1979) Triumvirat konu E anndude kulhuli gonɗi e woɗɗude yimɓe woyla Naajeeriya, Obasanjo addi Seneraal Shehu Yar'Adua ngam lomtaade mo e ɗiɗaɓo e gardagol hooreejo konu, gardiiɗo jaagorɗe toowɗo timminoowo triumvirate militeer en, Obasanjo woni hooreejo leydi e Seneraal Theophilus Stajumabli ngam laamaade dow tato we- laamu konu. Obasanjo hirjinii jeewte e nanondiral hakkunde Diiso Toowngo Konu. Heewɓe ina kaawaa hol ko waɗi Obasanjo – hono Yoruba e Kerecee – toɗɗaade Yar’Adua, tergal e aristokraasi worgo, yo won gardiiɗo ɗiɗaɓo mum, wonaa banndiiko Yoruba Kerecee. Obasanjo teeŋtinii kulhuli ngenndiiji e dow ɗi diiwanuuji ɗii ; o hirjini sukaaɓe e mawɓe fof nde njanngata fodoore ngenndiire hesere ndee e jimɗi ngenndiiji ɗii. Nafoore heɓde miijooji ɓurɗi yaajde, ñalnde aset kala omo waɗa seminar mo alaa ko woni e mum so wonaa toɓɓere nde yimɓe ɓe ngonaa politikaaji e gollotooɓe laamu noddata. Ina jeyaa e ɓe o ɗaɓɓirta wasiyaaji mum en, annduɓe lislaam e mawɓe aadaaji. Politik faggudu Obasanjo wondude e hooreejo leydi Amerik biyeteeɗo Jimmy Carter to galle laamorɗo Amerik e hitaande 1977 E cakkital kitaale 1970, leydi Naajeeriya ina joginoo faggudu ɓurndu heewde doole, tawi noon ko 34% e inflation. Ngam haɓugo bee caɗeele faggudu lesdi Naajeeriya, Obasanjo tokki dabareeji cemmbiɗinki ceede ngam ustugo ceede laamu. E nder bidsee makko 1976, Obasanjo eɓɓi ustude njoɓdi laamu nguu fotde feccere, ustude eɓɓaaɗe tedduɗe, tawa ina ɓeyda njoɓdi jaŋde, cellal, galleeji, e ndema. O sosi kadi goomu ngam haɓaade inflation, e nder hitaande wootere caggal nde Obasanjo heɓi laamu, inflation ustii haa 30%. Obasanjo ina heewi yiɗde ñamlude kaalis, kono e ballal Banke Adunayankeewo e Fonds Monétaire International, Nijeer ƴetti ñamlude miliyaaruuji 1 dolaar e fedde bankeeji. Ɓeen ñiŋooɓe leftist en mbiyi wonde waɗde ɗum ina addana leydi ndii ɗooftaade kapitaalisma. E nder duuɓi ɗiɗi garooji ɗii, laamu Obasanjo, Nijeer ƴettii 4 983 miliyoŋ dolaar goɗɗo. Naajeeriya ina wondi e ɓeydagol fotde 3% hitaande kala e nder kitaale 1970, huunde nde fotnoo ɓeydaade fotde laabi ɗiɗi e nder duuɓi 25 seeɗa. Obasanjo teskiima caggal ɗuum wonde o anndaa ɗum e oon sahaa, sibu laamu makko alaa politik e ƴellitde yimɓe. Ɓeydagol yimɓe leydi Naajeeriya addani ɓe ɓeydaade yaawde e nder gure mawɗe e ŋakkeende cuuɗi e nder gure. Ngam haɓaade ɗum, bidsee Obasanjo e hitaande 1976 hollitii peeje mahngo 200 000 galle keso haa hitaande 1980, hay so tawii noon ko 28 500 tan mahaa.E hitaande 1976, laamu Obasanjo kadi hollitii wonde ina jogori ƴellitde renndo e cogguuli. Ngam haɓaade jiiɓru seppooji gollotooɓe, e hitaande 1976 laamu Obasanjo yaltinii sariyaaji cifotooɗi ko ɓuri heewde e gollorɗe mawɗe ko sarwisaaji baɗɗi faayiida, haɗi seppooji e nder mum en, yamiri nanngugol ardiiɓe senndikaaji jiiɓru. E hitaande 1978 nde hawriti senndikaaji 42 e nder fedde wootere nde gollotooɓe e leydi Nijeer. Obasanjo jokki bee taskaramji tati mawɗi ngam ndiyam haa woyla lesdi Naajeeriya ɗi arannde anndinaama les Murtala: taskaramji maayo Kano, taskaramji Bakalori, e taskaramji ndiyam Chad Sud. Laamu makko kadi jokki eɓɓooji ƴellitaare ndema puɗɗanooɗi to Funtua, Gusau, e Gombe. Won eɓɓaaɗe ƴellitgol laddeeji kadi puɗɗaama ngam haɗde njiimaandi Saharaa to bannge worgo. Ngam heɓde ko ɓuri heewde e ɗaɓɓaande leydi ndii e kuuraa, Obasanjo ardiima udditgol eɓɓaaɗe ɗiɗi kese ngam ƴellitde kuuraa e nder ndiyam e ƴulɓe. Industry petrol heddii ko huunde mawnde e faggudu leydi Naajeeriya e les laamu Obasanjo, ministeer petrol hawtii e fedde petroŋ leydi Naajeeriya ngam sosde fedde petroŋ leydi Naajeeriya (NNPC). Obasanjo kadi wallitii sosde lowre liggorde to Bonny, nde NNPC yoɓi 62% ; eɓɓaande ndee ko lomto makko woppi ɗum e nder ɓeydagol coodguuli. Obasanjo jokki kadi e peewnugol njuɓɓudi njamndi mboɗeeri Ajaokuta, eɓɓaande ndonaandi nde heewɓe e ñiŋooɓe e nder sarwisaaji laamu mbiyata ko nde waawataa huutoreede. E nder cakkital kitaale 1970, Naajeeriya kadi ina wondi e ustaare ndema, ko ɗum huunde nde laamuuji jokkondirɗi ɗii njiyti ko ɓuri hoybude e naatde e nguura e nder leydi ndii. E lewru mee 1976, Obasanjo fuɗɗii « Operation Feed the Nation » (Operation Feed the Nation), woni eɓɓaande ngam wuurtinde ndema tokoosa, tawi ina jeyaa heen yoɓeede almudɓe ngam remde e nder balɗe juulde. Eɓɓaande ndee ina waɗi kadi momtugol njoɓɗeele e nguura jawdi e kaɓirɗe ndema, e ballal kuutoragol tovo ngo, e ustude njoɓɗeele ndema. E lewru marse 1978, Obasanjo yaltini kuulal kuutoragol leydi ndi rokki laamu nguu hakkeeji jeyi leydi e dow leydi ndii kala. Ɗum waɗiraa ko ngam haɗde njulaagu leydi e njulaagu leydi, kadi addani ɗum yetteede e bannge nano leydi Najeriya hay so tawii noon ko galleeji keewɗi jogiiɗi leydi njiɗaa ɗum. Obasanjo yiyri ɗum ko e geɗe teeŋtuɗe laamu mum. Obasanjo wallitorii reentaade Gowon ngam waɗde heen jawdi mum caggal leydi, o jokki e ɗeen politikaaji. Politik faggudu ngenndiyankaagal e nder sekteeruuji teeŋtuɗi ina usta njulaagu keeriiɗo, ɗum addani ɗum ustude njulaagu, hay so tawii noon daraniiɓe ɗum ɓee ina njetta Obasanjo ngam dartinde diisnondiral kaalis so renndinaama e ardiiɓe mum. Politikuuji nder leydi O (Obasanjo) jokki e ƴamol jaŋde leslesre winndereyankoore e nder leydi Najeriya, politik ronkaama e Gowon. O naatini sariya jaŋde leslesre e hitaande 1976 ; hakkunde 1975–76 e 1979–80, binnditagol e duɗe leslese ɗe njoɓaaka kono ɗe njiɗaa, ɓeydiima gila e miliyoŋaaji 6 haa 12,5 miliyoŋ, hay so tawii noon jannginooɓe e kaɓirɗe ina ŋakki ngam waawde huutoraade ɗaɓɓaande ndee. E hitaande jaŋde 1977–78, Obasanjo naatni jaŋde hakkundeere nde alaa ko yoɓetee e fannuuji karallaagal, huunde nde yaajnaa e denndaangal jaŋde hakkundeere e hitaande 1979–80. E oon sahaa gooto, leydi Naajeeriya ustii kaalis jaŋde toownde ; e hitaande 1978 nde woppi rokkude ñamaale almudɓe, nde ɓeydi fotde laabi tati njoɓdi nguura e hoɗorde duɗe jaaɓi haaɗtirde. Seppooji janngooɓe mbaɗi e nder gure keewɗe, waɗii warngooji baɗnooɗi e nder wuro Lagos e Zaria. E nder jaabawol fitinaaji ɗii, Obasanjo udditi duɗe jaaɓi-haaɗtirde keewɗe, haɗi golle politik e nder duɗe jaaɓi-haaɗtirde, haɗi kadi fedde janngooɓe leydi Najeriya. Tiiɗnaare ɗeen peeje ina gasa tawa ko sabu tuumeede wonde fitinaaji almudɓe ɗii ina njokkondiri e kuudetaa militeer peewnaaɗo e lewru feebariyee 1978. Obasanjo ina mettini e jikkuuji almudɓe seppooɓe ɓee, o wiyi wonde ɗum ina hollita ruttaade e nafooje aadaaji ko wayi no hormaade almudɓe. Ngam batte ɓamtaare laamu Naajeeriya, leydi ndi yi’i ɓamtaare mawnde nder kuuɗe laamu. Seedeeji peeñii ko feewti e fenaande mawnde e nder laamu leydi ndii, tee, so tawii tuume ɗee ina keewi waɗeede e Obasanjo e hoore mum, alaa seedeeji tiiɗɗi peeñi. Ngam haɗde natal njulaagu e nder laamu, laamu Obasanjo haɗii huutoraade otooji Mercedes ngam waɗde otooji laamu, e lomtaade ɗum en, ɓe mbaɗti heen otooji Peugeot 504 ɓurɗi hoybude Naatgol champagne kadi haɗaama. E ƴaañde taƴgol konu, laamu Obasanjo yiyri 12 000 soldaat ina ndartinaa e nder duuɓi 1976 e 1977. Ɗee konu njalti ko e nokkuuji kesi ngam wallitde ɗum en e jokkondirde e nguurndam siwil en. Obasanjo kadi ina tuuma wonde ko kañum woni sabaabu ƴaañgol politik. E nder yeewtere wootere maantiniinde, koɗorɗe jimoowo e daraniiɗo politik Najeriya biyeteeɗo Fela Kuti, Republique Kalakuta, yani, yani haa laaɓi, caggal nde tergal e fedde makko hawri e yimɓe konu. Fela e ɓesngu mum piyi, njuppaa, yumma mum mawɗo, daraniiɗo politik e yumma mum sosɗo Chief Funmilayo Ransome Kuti, werlaa e windo. Ɗum addani mo gaañiiɓe no feewi, haa arti noon e maayde makko. Fela caggal ɗuum nawti kees to galle hooreejo leydi ndii e oon sahaa to Dodan Barracks to Lagos ngam salaade ƴaañde laamu nguu e politik. Politik caggal leydi Hooreejo leydi Amerik biyeteeɗo Jimmy Carter ina wondi e Obasanjo e njillu mum to leydi Najeriya e hitaande 1978 Obasanjo ina yiɗi tabitinde leydi Najeriya no ardorde mawnde e nder Afrik nii, e nder laamu makko, doole mum e nder duunde nde ɓeydiima. O ummini dabare Gowon ngam waɗugo julde ɗiɗaɓre nder duuniyaaru ngam naalankaaku e pinal ɓaleeɓe e afriknaajo haa lesdi Naajeeriya; ɗum waɗi ko to Lagos e lewru feebariyee 1977, hay so tawii noon ñaawooɓe nder leydi ndii mbiyi ko ɗum huunde nde alaa ko nafata. Obasanjo hokkii ɗuuɗal teddungal dow Dental Faggudu lesɗe Afrik Hirnaange (ECOWAS) nden o mettini ɗuuɗɓe nder terɗe maako ɗemngal Farayse ɓaawo o wi'i, bana no Naajeeriya ɓuri wallugo ceede ngam hukuuma kan, Naajeeriya foti jaɓɓaago hukuumaaji pamari ɗin haa Lagos. Jokkondiral e Ganaa ɓadiiɗo kadi ustii ; e hitaande 1979, leydi Nijeer taƴii petroŋ e nder leydi ndii ngam salaade warngooji luulndiiɓe politik ɗi laamu kesu ngu Jerry Rawlings wari. E laamu Obasanjo, Naajeeriya ustii jokkondiral mum juutngal e leydi Angalteer, ɓeydi jokkondirde e leyɗeele dentuɗe Amerik. Obasanjo ina yiɗi laamu hooreejo leydi Amerik biyeteeɗo Jimmy Carter, cuɓaaɗo e hitaande 1976, sabu Carter ina joginoo darnde tiiɗnde ngam tabitinde laamu ɓurngu heewde e Afrik worgo. Ambasadeer Carter to leydi Nijeer, hono Andrew Young, waɗii sehilaagal tiiɗngal e Obasanjo, Carter yilliima leydi Nijeer e hitaande 1978. Kono tan, kuulal ngam waylude alkule ɗee waɗiraa ko ngam dalillaaji laaɓtuɗi, wonaa miijooji ; yiytude petroŋ e nder maayo worgo firti ko Angalteer wontii ƴaañoowo wonaa soodoowo petroŋ Nijeer.Laamu Obasanjo kadi ina mettini heen no feewi nde Angalteer salii yoɓde Gowon, ina sikka wonde laamu Angalteer ina waawi wonde e kuudetaa mo Murtala waɗi. Ngam ɗeeɗoo hujjaaji, e hitaande 1976 nde miijii dartinde jokkondiral dipolomaasi e Angalteer, kono haa jooni nde dartinaani. Obasanjo noon saliima yahde Angalteer, o semmbini ardiiɓe makko waɗde ɗum. Jokkondiral ngal ɓeydii bonde nde Margaret Thatcher wonti gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi Angalteer e hitaande 1979, o fuɗɗii waɗde feere ɓurnde welde e njuɓɓudi laamu ɓaleeɓe tokosɓe to Rodesi e Afrik worgo. E nder jaabawol ngol, Naajeeriya nanngi laanawol ndiyam lesdi Naajeeriya, ngol ɓe tammi ɗon nastina petrol Naajeeriya haa lesdi Naajeeriya, ɓe haɗi hukuumaaji pamari Biritaniya ngam heɓugo kuuɗe Naajeeriya, ɓe nastini kuuɗe BP haa lesdi Naajeeriya. Obasanjo ina yiɗi kadi yaawnaade joofnude laamu ɓaleeɓe tokosɓe e nder Afrik worgo ; e wiyde Iliffe, ɗum wonti « cakkital politik makko caggal leydi ». Naajeeriya hokki ballal ngam haɓugo bee laamu daneeji nder diiwal ngal, hokki hukuumaaji pamari ɗi'i uddita birooji haa Lagos, nden hokki hukuumaaji pamari ɗin ɗon hokka mooɓgal feere-feere dogguɓe laamuuji lesdi Afrika fombinaari. E ƴettude peeje tiiɗɗe ngam haɓaade laamu apartaayd to Afrik worgo, Obasanjo hollitii wonde Nijeer naatataa e Olimpiyaaji 1976 sabu leydi Nuwel Selannde, tawtoraaɗo kawgel ngel, ina joginoo jokkondiral e Afrik worgo, leydi ndi haɗaa tawtoreede kawgel ngel sabu apartaayd. E hitaande 1977, Obasanjo haɗi kala kontraaji jokkondirɗi e Afrik worgo golloraade e nder leydi Nijeer ; sosiyateeji mawɗi ɗi njippii ɗii ko petroŋ Angalteer e Banke Barclays. E ndeen hitaande kadi, leydi Nijeer yuɓɓinii batu Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe ngam haɓaade apartaayd to Lagos, Obasanjo yilliima Amerik e lewru oktoobar ɗo o wiyi leydi ndii yo woppu yeeyde kaɓirɗe to Afrik worgo. Nde o woni nder leydi ndi'i o wolwi haa kawtal hoore lesdi ndi'i nden asaweeje ɗiɗi ɓaawo man Naajeeriya heɓi jooɗorde nder kawtal lesdi ndi'i. Fiilde Margaret Thatcher e hitaande 1979 ngam wonde gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi Angalteer, addani jokkondiral Angalteer e Niiseer bonnude ; Obasanjo miijii ko o yurmeende no feewi e laamuuji daneeji tokoosi e nder Afrik worgo Luulndaade laamu ɓaleeɓe tokosɓe e nder leydi Rodesi, addaniino hare Bush e nder leydi Rodesi, laamu Obasanjo ina jokki e wiyde wonde ko hare balɗe tan woni feere ngam foolde laamu Rodesi. O hirjinii ngootaagu hakkunde pelle ceertuɗe luulndiiɗe laamu toon, o wiyi Robert Mugabe, hooreejo ZANU, yo jaɓ ardaade luulndiiɗo makko, hono Joshua Nkomo mo ZAPU. E hitaande 1977, Angalteer e Amerik ciifi eɓɓaaɗe ngam waylude laamu ɓurngu heewde e Rodesi, e nder yonta mo leydi ndii woni e les njiimaandi doole Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe. Obasanjo jaɓii eɓɓaande ndee, o yilliima Tansani, Sammbi, Mosammbik, e Republiik Demokaratik Konngo ngam wiyde laamuuji mum en yo mbaɗ noon. Kono caggal nde Thatcher wonti gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi Angalteer, leydi Nijeer woɗɗitii hoore mum e darnde Angalteer ngam haɗde wolde Bush Rhodesian, o woppitaa kala darnde teeŋtunde e nder golle ɗe Angalteer waɗi, ɗe ngaddani wooteeji demokaraasi ɗi leƴƴi keewɗi mbaɗi e hitaande... Ko o hooreejo leydi, Obasanjo tawtoraama batuuji OAU. E oon sahaa yuɓɓinaa e lewru sulyee 1977, o eɓɓi sosde goomu jooɗiiɗo ngam haɓaade luural hakkunde leyɗeele jeyaaɗe e OAU. E batu 1978, o jeertinii wonde banngeeji ɗiɗi ɗii fof ina poti naatde e wolde huuɓtodinnde. E nder batu garoowo oo, o wiyi yo konu Pan-Afriknaajo sose, baawɗo waɗde golle ngam hisnude jam e nder duunde he. Ngam ɓamtuki darnde lesdi Naajeeriya nder duuniyaaru, Obasanjo nasti nder kuuɗe feere-feere ɗe lesdi Naajeeriya nder Afrika fuu. E hitaande 1977, o heɓtinii Benin e Togo yoo ndartin luural hakkunde keeri mum en, nguddita keeri mum en. O etinooma kadi haɓaade luural hakkunde leyɗeele keewɗe Fuɗnaange Afrik, o haɗa ɗum kadi ruttaade e Dental Fuɗnaange Afrik, kono o dañii heen caɗeele. Ko o hooreejo goomu jokkondire OAU, o etinooma jokkondire Ogaden hakkunde Ecoppi e Somali kono kadi o dañaani. O waawaano kadi feewnude luural peeñngal hakkunde Angalteer e leydi Konngo. E innde OAU, Obasanjo waɗii batu to Kano ngam haɓaade hare hakkunde leyɗeele Caad. Feddeeji keewɗi njaɓii darnude wolde, sosde laamu ngootaagu ngenndi, e accude konu leydi Najeriya ina waɗa jam. Hare nden noon jokki, Naajeeriya jaabtii e taƴde petroŋ mum to Caad. Koolol ɗiɗmol ko faati e hare ndee waɗii to Lagos e lewru ut 1979, ɗum addani laamu nguu sosde laamu nguu, ngu juutaani. E hitaande sakkitiinde e laamu makko konu, o ardii golle OAU ngam safrude wolde Saharaa hirnaange. Jaltugol laamu Laamu militeer en hawri ko e goomu ƴettugol doosɗe leydi ngam ƴettude doosgal kesal potngal huutoreede e nder mbayliigu laamu siwil. Goomu nguu hollitii wonde Naajeeriya ina foti waylude laamu mum, ngu tuugii ko e laamu parlemaa leydi Angalteer, ngu tuugnii e laamu hooreejo leydi Amerik, ɗo hooreejo leydi gooto cuɓaaɗo woni hooreejo leydi e hooreejo laamu. Ngam haɗude oo hooreejo leydi wontude diktatoor, hono no waɗirnoo e nokkuuji goɗɗi e nder Afrik nii, o ɗaɓɓi ƴeewndorɗe keewɗe e doole maɓɓe, haa arti noon e njuɓɓudi fedde nde, ɗo juɓɓule cuɓaaɗe keertiiɗe ngoni ɗoo e to bannge fedde, to bannge dowri, to bannge nokkuuji. Eɓɓaande doosgal leydi ndii yaltinaa ko e lewru oktoobar 1976, nde yeewtidaa e yeeso yimɓe fof e hitaande aroore ndee.Asamblee doosgal leydi hawri ngam yeewtidde e eɓɓaande doosgal leydi ndii e lewru oktoobar 1977. Asaambele leydi ndii ina jokki e ƴeewde hol darnde nde sariya sharia rokkata e nder doosgal leydi ndii. Obasanjo noddii dental ngal, o jeertini ɓe batte kuulal ngal ɓe mbaɗi e renndo, o wiyi ɓe yo ɓe ƴettu jikkuuji ɓurɗi moƴƴude. E lewru suwee 1978, Diiso toowngo konu (Conseil suprême militaire) habri doosɗe leydi kese ɗee ; nde waɗiino waylooji keewɗi e mbaydi ndi asaambele doosgal leydi ndii ƴetti. Yanti e doosgal kesal ngal, Obasanjo itti haɗde lanndaaji politik. Ndeen pelle keewɗe mbaɗii ngam tawtoreede wooteeji garooji ɗii, ko ɓuri teeŋtude heen ko lannda ngootaagu Yoruba, lannda yimɓe Naajeeriya, e lannda ngenndiijo Naajeeriya. Obasanjo mettini heen no feewi nde tawnoo heewɓe e dawriyankooɓe ina mbaɗa fodoore nde ɓe mbaawataa ɗooftaade. Woote ɗee mbaɗi ko e nder lewru sulyee e lewru ut 1979. Wootooɓe ɓee ina pamɗi, ko hakkunde 30 e 40% e wootooɓe winnditiiɓe e sariya, tee ina waɗi fenaande banngeeji keewɗi, hay so tawii noon ko jam. Wonno ko jeewte ko fayti e hol keɓɗo woote hooreleydaagu, Obasanjo salii ñaawde, o wiyi yo Komisariyaa woote ƴetta oon darnde.Ɓe kollitii wonde Shehu Shagari woni keɓɗo, huunde nde gardiiɗo ɗiɗaɓo oo, hono Obafemi Awolowo, luulndii to Ñaawirde Toownde, tawi o dañaani heen nafoore. Shagari ƴetti laamu ko e lewru oktoobar 1979 ; e nder kewu udditgol makko, Obasanjo rokki Shagari koppi doosgal leydi kesal. Ko ɗum woni fuɗɗoode Republique ɗiɗaɓere leydi Najeriya. Darnde Obasanjo nder wartirki lesdi Naajeeriya haa laamu siwil, ɗum laatoto darnde woore nde o jogi nder duuɓi cappanɗe ɗiɗi garooji. Kono yimɓe heewɓe e nder leydi ndii e caggal leydi, ina jeyaa heen hooreejo leydi Zambie, hono Kenneth Kaunda e hooreejo leydi Togo, hono Gnassingbé Eyadéma, ina ɗaɓɓi e makko yo o heddo e laamu. Jaɓde makko wallitde Awolowo, banndiiko Yoruba, addani mo gaño ko heewi e elite Yoruba. Awolowo tuumi Obasanjo ko kanko woni orkestraaji Shagari, huunde nde Obasanjo yeddi no feewi. Ko adii laamu (1979-1999) Ko adii nde o yaltata laamu, e lewru abriil 1979, Obasanjo ƴetti hoore mum e darnde seneraal ; ko o seneraal koode nay o jokki e heɓde njoɓdi dowla. Nde o woppi golle e lewru oktoobar, o arti Abeokuta. Caggal nde o waɗi kursus jonte jeegom to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde heblo ndema, Obasanjo ƴetti hoore mum e ndema, omo ɗaminii waɗde yeru e hirjinde ƴellitaare ndema. O heɓi ko famɗi fof 230 ektaar leydi to Ota ngam sosde ngesa makko, o naati ɗoon e galle ngesa birik. Wonno ko gaññeeje nokkuyankooje e dañde leydi ndi haa heewi, ñaawirɗe keewɗe ngaddaama e makko sabu ɗuum. Golle makko ndema yuɓɓinaama e fedde makko wiyeteende Temperance, caggal ɗuum o inniri ɗum « Obasanjo’s Farms Limited ». O waɗti heen hakkille teeŋtuɗo e ndema colli ; e cakkital kitaale 1980, ngesa makko ina ɓuuɓna 140 000 cukalel e yontere. O sosi kadi gese e nder gure goɗɗe to bannge worgo-fuɗnaange, e hitaande 1987 gese makko ina njogii ko ina tolnoo e 400 gollotooɗo e nokkuuji jeetati. Hono no yimɓe Yoruba woɗɓe lolluɓe nii, Obasanjo ina wallitnoo almudɓe miskineeɓe to duɗal makko ɓooyngal to Abeokuta. Obasanjo ɓeydii ñiŋde laamu siwil Shagari, o wiyi hooreejo leydi ndii ina famɗi semmbe, ina ŋakkiraa peeje. Naajeeriya nasti nder ɓillaaji faggudu ngam waylaaki coggu petrol nder duuniyaaru. E lewru mee 1983, mawɓe konu ɗaɓɓiri Obasanjo nde ƴettata laamu leydi ndii kadi, kono o salii. E lewru desaambar, ɓe liɓi Shagari tawi Obasanjo alaa heen, e nder kuudetaa mo yiyaani fitinaaji seeɗa. Muhammadu Buhari laati hooreejo lesdi sooje'en keso. Obasanjo fuɗɗii wallugo laamu Buhari, o wi'i demokaraasi wakiili'en ɗon ƴaɓɓitoo haa lesdi Naajeeriya. O yetti Buhari ngam haɓugo bee cemmbiɗinki lesdi, o ɗon mari feccere nder nastirde lesdi, nden o ɗon wartira budget booɗɗum. E lewru ut 1985, Buhari kadi liɓaama, hooreejo konu Ibraahiima Babangida ƴetti laamu. Obasanjo ina ñiŋa won e peeje faggudu ɗe Babangida waɗi, haa arti noon e ustude njoɓdi naira. E hitaande 1992, luulndaare makko e laamu Babangida addani mo noddude yo leydi Najeriya artire demokaraasi. O fuɗɗii kadi salaade politikaaji faggudu (indigenisation) e kitaale 1970, o wiyi doosɗe leydi ina poti haɗde ƴettugol jawdi caggal leydi. E nder ɗuum, o sikki laamu nguu ina foti teeŋtinde ƴellitaare nde laamu nguu ardii. O ɓeydii hulɓinaade ko ɓeydagol yimɓe, toɓɓere nde o yejjitaani nde o woni e laamu, o wiyi Naajeeriyankooɓe yo njogo ɓesnguuji tokoosi "ngam nafoore faggudu maɓɓe e renndo-faggudu ngenndi". E nder duuɓi sappo e go’o caggal nde Obasanjo woppi laamu, o yaltinii defte nay. E hitaande 1980, Obasanjo wonnoo ko tedduɗo to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Ibadan, ɗo o winndi deftere wiyeteende My Command, daartol ko faati e geɗe makko e nder wolde hakkunde leyɗeele ; nde yalti ko e lewru noowammbar ndeen hitaande. Won e janngooɓe ñiŋii ko ɓe njiyri ko Obasanjo ina ŋakkira Murtala Muhammed, Robert Adeyinka Adebayo, mawɗo politik Yoruba, wiyi yo deftere ndee yaltine ngam haɗde nde aawde feccere. Ƴeewirde ɓurnde moƴƴude ndee waɗi ko sehil makko, hono Ken Saro-Wiwa, o innitiri ɗum masterly kono o sikki ko ɗum waɗi ballal rewindaade no feewi. E hitaande 1987, o yaltini Nzeogwu, deftere ciimtol sehil makko Chukwuma Nzeogwu, mo o gollodtonoo to Konngo. Hitaande 1989, deftere Obasanjo yaltini, wiyeteende Doosgal leydi ngam naatgol e ƴellitaare, nde o jeertini e hujjaaji Babangida ngam sosde laamu lanndaaji ɗiɗi e nder leydi Najeriya. E hitaande 1990, deftere makko tataɓere, wiyeteende Not my volonté yalti. Nde rokki ciimtol sahaa nde o laaminoo leydi ndii. Golle hakkunde leyɗeele: 1979-1993 E hitaande 1986 Obasanjo jokkondiri e Nelson Manndelaa. O hollitii wonde "ko kawral ngal meeɗaa yejjiteede. Mi yiyii e [Mandelaa] Afriknaajo worgo, ko Afriknaajo tigi rigi, kadi ko gardiiɗo winndere mo alaa ko woni e mum. O ɓuri ardiiɓe ɓe min kawri e mum en e nder Afrik worgo ɓee fof." E yiɗde jogaade semmbe e dingiral winnderewal, Obasanjo udditi Fedde Ardorde Afrik e nder ngesa mum Ota. Tuggi 1981 haa 1982, o jooɗiima kadi e Komiseer Palme, fedde nde gonnooɗo gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi Suwed, hono Olof Palme ardii, yeewtidnde ko fayti e ustude kaɓirɗe e kisal winndere. Obasanjo rewi heen ko e jeyeede e goomuuji nannduɗi e ɗii ɗoo, wonande Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe, Fedde Adunaare Cellal, e Goomu hakkunde-leyɗeewu ardiiɓe laamuuji ɓooyɗi. Nde Javier Pérez de Cuéllar, hooreejo Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe rafi, Obasanjo hiisetee ko potɗo lomtaade mo. Caggal nde Pérez de Cuéllar holliti woppii laamu, Obasanjo fuɗɗii kampaañ ngam lomtaade mo. E woote Goomu Kisal Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe, o woni tataɓo, tawi ko Boutros Boutros-Ghali, Ejiptnaajo, ƴetti darnde ndee. O yalti galle makko e njilluuji keewɗi; e hitaande 1986 o yilliima Japon, e hitaande 1987 o yilliima U.S. E nder luural hakkunde leyɗeele dentuɗe Amerik ngam yiɗde ɓurde yooɗde e Afrik worgo, nanondiraama wonde fedde wiyeteende Eminent Persons Group (EPG) ina sosee ngam fuɗɗoraade kaaldigal e laamu Afrik worgo ngam wallitde ɗum e ustude apartaayd. E dow wasiyaaji cukko hooreejo leydi Naajeeriya, hono Emeka Anyaoku, Obasanjo suɓaama ngam ardaade fedde nde e wonndude e gonnooɗo gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi Ostarali, hono Malcolm Fraser. Obasanjo jaɓi e dow fenaande. E lewru feebariyee 1986, kanko e Fraser ɓe njahi to wuro wiyeteengo Cape Town ɗo ɓe naamndii ngam hawritde e Nelson Manndelaa, daraniiɗo apartaayd, tergal mawngal e nder fedde wiyeteende Congres National Africaine (ANC) haɗaande. Ko Obasanjo tan yamiraa jokkondirde e Manndelaa ; o wiyi caggal ɗuum wonde omo weltii e makko no feewi. Ndeen Obasanjo hawrii e mawɓe ANC wonɓe e egguɓe to Lusaka. E lewru marse 1986, EPG oo fof yilliima Afrik worgo, e nder yonta mo jiiɓru e fitinaaji nder galleeji ɓeydii mawnude.Ko ɗoon ɓe kawri e mawɓe laamu nguu, ina jeyaa heen gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi ndii hono P. W. Botha, mo Obasanjo siftini caggal ɗuum wonde ko neɗɗo ɓurɗo muñde mo meeɗaa hawrude. Ciimtol EPG ngol hollitii wonde, so tawii ko ɓuri heewde e yimɓe Afrik worgo ina njiɗi nanondiral ngal alaa ko bonnata hakkunde laamu nguu e pelle luulndiiɗe apartaayd, gadano oo yiɗaa miijaade ɗum, tee alaa ko yahri yeeso no feewi ngam joofnude apartaayd. EPG noon hollitii wonde ina haani ɓeydaade tiiɗnaade e nder winndere ndee. Goomu Commonwealth jaɓii ko ciimtol ngol holliti, tawi Angalteer ina luulndii ɗum ; ɗum addani Obasanjo ɓeydaade mettinde Thatcher. Ndeen Commonwealth yamirii mo yo o ardo goomu ngam yuurnitaade ko Dowlaaji Dentuɗi ɗii poti daranaade koye mum en e njiimaandi Afrik worgo. Caggal nde Botha lomtinaa F. W. de Klerk, ooɗoo ɗiɗaɓo yaltini Manndelaa kasoo. Ina jeyaa e ɗanle Mandelaa gadane caggal leydi, to Niiseer, ɗo o yilli Obasanjo to galle mum. Lebbi ɗiɗi caggal ɗuum, Obasanjo ardii delegaasiyoŋ Najeriya to Afrik worgo ngam yeewtidde e yimɓe mawɓe politik. E lewru suwee 1991, o yilliima kadi, o wiyi hooreejo Zulu en, hono Mangosuthu Buthelezi, yo waɗ kaaldigal e pelle goɗɗe ngam wallitde dartinde apartaayd e waɗde woote timmuɗe. Obasanjo kadi golliima e ƴellitaare nokkuuji goɗɗi e nder Afrik. O yilliima Angalteer laabi ɗiɗi e nder hitaande 1988, o wallitii e darnde ngam joofnude wolde hakkunde leyɗeele toon. O yilliima kadi Sudaan laabi tati hakkunde 1987 e 1989, tawi o dañaani heen nafoore, o hirjinii kaaldigal ngam joofnude wolde ɗiɗmere Sudaan. Ndeen o wonii ƴeewoowo e wooteeji gardagol leydi Mosammbik e hitaande 1994. E hitaande 1994 e 1995, o yilliima Burundi, o golliima ngam deeƴnude caɗeele hakkunde leƴƴi Hutu en e Tutsi en. O fuɗɗinooma noddude jokkondiral ɓurngal ɓadaade e nder Afrik, o wiyi ɗum ina waawi heɓtineede e sosde feddeeji jeegom diiwaanuuji. E lewru suwee 1987, o ƴettiino peeje ngam yuɓɓinde Fedde Ardorde Afrik, nde wallitta rokkude karallaagal e heblo wonande politikaaji ummoriiɗi e duunde he kala. Nde fuɗɗii waɗde batuuji, anndiraaɗi « Dialogues de la maison de la ferme » , gila e galle Obasanjo fotde laabi jeegom e nder hitaande. Kadi nde waɗii batuuji winndereeji kala lewru, nde yaltinii jaaynde kala lewru, wiyeteende “Forum Afrique” hakkunde 1991 e 1993. Haɓde e Abacha: 1992-1995 Obasanjo hollitii kulhuli mum, sibu, hay so tawii o wiyi ina wallita gartugol demokaraasi, Babangida alaa ko anniyaaki so wonaa woppude laamu konu. Caggal nde wooteeji gardagol leydi ndi ndarnaa e hitaande 1992, Obasanjo e Anthony Enahoro ndarni fedde ngam demokaraasi e laamu moƴƴu e nder leydi Najeriya. Joɗnde adannde fedde ndee hawri ko e 31 neɗɗo politik nder leydi to Ota e lewru mee 1993. Wooteeji mbaɗi caggal ɗuum e lewru suwee 1993, tawi yimɓe seeɗa tawtoraama. Moshood Abiola mo lannda Social Democratic (SDP) heɓi, kono Babangida ndeen woppii njeñtudi woote ɗee, fodaniino woote ɗiɗmere ko ɓooyaani. SDP salii kala woote ɗiɗmere nde tawnoo ɓe mbiyi ko kanndidaa maɓɓe heɓiino woote gadane ɗee. Ndeen Babangida jaɓii woppude laamu ngam suɓaade laamu siwil jooɗiiɗo, ngu Ernest Shonekan ardii, ngu heɓi laamu e lewru ut 1993, ngu ƴetti peeje ngam waɗde wooteeji kesi e lewru feebariyee 1994. Seneraal Sani Abacha siftinii gooto e gorko gooto, mo wondude e do-gooders woɗɓe, eɓɓi ñaamde wumre ndee. Heddiiɓe ɓee mbayliima tan, oo Samariyanke nannduɗo e moƴƴo [...] arti ngam ƴettude pot suukara e juuɗe wumre ndee ngam hoore mum. Kadi, ko ɓuri heewde e men Nijeernaaɓe, ko en ƴeewooɓe, en mbeltiima. E nder kala sababuuji, ŋakkaani tawtoraaɓe e ñaamde ndee. Kadi ɓe ngoppaani batte moraal. — Obasanjo, e dow kuudetaa Sani Abacha, hitaande 1994 E oon sahaa, Sani Abacha tiiɗtinii doole mum e konu, e lewru noowammbar 1993, o felliti Shonekan yo woppu laamu, o acci hoore makko ƴettude laamu. Obasanjo noddiino Abacha ko adii kuudetaa oo, ina ñaagii ɗum nde woppataa ngalɗoo laawol. Caggal nde Abacha heɓti laamu, o wiyi Obasanjo yo jokkondir e makko. Ko sakkitii koo waɗii, kono salii wallitde laamu Abacha haa nde anndini ñalngu ngu yaltata e hoore mum. Ndeen Abacha momtii lanndaaji politik gonɗi ɗii e juɓɓule demokaraasiije, o noddi politikaaji ummoriiɗi e nokkuuji ceertuɗi yo naata e Diisnondiral makko Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe ; Obasanjo salii toɗɗaade hay gooto e ndeeɗoo diiso. Obasanjo fuɗɗi jeertinde wonde Naajeeriya ina yahra e wolde hakkunde leyɗeele woɗnde e nder feccere leƴƴi, e lewru mee 1994 kanko e Yar'Adua ɓe ndarni fedde wiyeteende National Unity Promoters, fedde daraniinde haɗde ndeeɗoo feere. E lewru Juko, Abiola anndini hoore mum hooreejo lesdi Naajeeriya, nden o nanngaama ngam janfa. Hay so tawii Obasanjo saliima jaɓde haala Abiola, o wasiyiima Abacha nde woppataa ɗum. Ndeen o ardiima fedde ardiiɓe aadaaji e batu ngu ɓe ndarni ngam fuɗɗoraade kaaldigal hakkunde Abacha e Abiola. Jaɓugo maako wallugo Abiola mettini Yoruba'en ɗuuɗɓe, jawdi Obasanjo haa lesdi Yoruba'en ɗon ƴama.Obasanjo mettini bee ko o yi'i bana jukkungo ngam o wallitaako nafuuda sectari'en Yoruba'en. E lewru marse 1995, Obasanjo ina wonnoo to leydi Danemark ngam tawtoreede batu Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe ngam ɓamtaare renndo to Kopenhag. Nde o woni ton, o nani Yar'Adua nanngaama, malla o heɓan bana non to o warti Naajeeriya. O wiyi noon o wiyi alaa ko o waɗi, o felliti hootde. Waɗi sahaa gooto to Aeroport Lagos, passport makko nanngaa, janngo mum, polis ƴetti mo e galle makko Ota. Polis tuumi Obasanjo ina jokkondiri e kuudetaa mo Abacha waɗi, mo kolonel Lawan Gwadabe yuɓɓini. Obasanjo nawtaama hakkunde nokkuuji deentorɗi ceertuɗi, tawi gonnooɗo hooreejo leydi Amerik hono Carter e hoore mum jokkondirii e Abacha ngam ɗaɓɓude yo Obasanjo woppe. Ndeen Obasanjo artiraama to Ota, o waɗtaa e kasoo fotde lebbi ɗiɗi, e nder ɗuum o haɗaama heɓde jaayɗe, telefoŋ, walla njilluuji. Goɗɗo e tuumaaɗo wonde ina jeyaa e kuudetaa oo, hono Kolonel RSB Bello-Fadile, awokaa konu, ina wondi e caɗeele, e nder ɗuum o siifondiri e bayyinaango wonde o yahiino to Ota ngam humpitaade Obasanjo ko fayti e kuudetaa oo no woniri e peewnugol. Ɗum huutoraama ngam seedeeji ngam ñaawde Obasanjo e suuɗde fenaande, ko ɗum huunde nde sariyaaji leydi Najeriya mbaɗi.Ndeen o nawaama to nokku naamne kisal leydi ndii to Ikoyi. Abacha wiyi yo Obasanjo ñaawe e yeeso ñaawirdu konu, ñaawirdu nduu waɗi ñalnde 19 suwee 1995. E nder ñaawoore ndee, Obasanjo yedditii wonde RSB Bello-Fadile meeɗaa hawrude e makko. RSB Bello-Fadile kadi hollitii wonde o siifondirii e bayyinaango ngo Obasanjo jogori waɗde e dow doole, kono ñaawirdu nduu saliima ndeeɗoo ruttaade. Ñalnde 14 sulyee, ñaawirde ndee ñaawi Obasanjo duuɓi 25 kasoo ; Yar'Adua e woɗɓe sappo e nayo kadi tuumaaɗo wonde e nder fedde nde, ñaawaama warngo.Obasanjo caggal ɗuum noddi ɗum "ñalngu mum ɓurngu mettude". Caggal nde hooreejo leydi Amerik biyeteeɗo Bill Clinton holliti wonde leydi mum ina jogori haɗde petroŋ leydi Naajeeriya so tawii ɗeen warngooji mbaɗii, Abacha wayli ñaawoore maɓɓe, o ustii ñaawoore Obasanjo haa duuɓi 15. Kasoo: 1995-1998 Obasanjo waɗi lebbi nay garooji ɗii ko e nokku biyeteeɗo Ikoyi Centre, ɗo o fuɗɗii nanngeede e nder kasoo gooto. Ndeen o nawaama to kasoo mawɗo Lagos, Kirikiri, ɗo o woni e opitaal kasoo ngam rafi hipertension e jabet. Sarɗiiji Kirikiri ina keewi, ina ŋakki, Obasanjo wiyi wonde « yiɗaa ɗum e gaño am ɓurɗo bonde ». Ko ɗoon RSB Bello-Fadile ñaagii Obasanjo yaafuya sabu mum ƴattaade ɗum, Obasanjo yaafni ɗum. Ndeen winndannde nde RSB Bello-Fadile winndi ngam humpitaade ngonka kaa, yaltinaama e kasoo, yaltinaa, wallitii hollirde wonde Obasanjo alaa ko o waɗi. Caggal jonte keewɗe, Obasanjo e woɗɓe tuumaaɓe waɗde fedde ndee, njaltinaama to kasoo Jos to diiwaan hakkundeejo, to diiwaan Plateau ɗo ɓe ngoni lebbi keewɗi. Obasanjo fuɗɗinoo hokkaama tan ko Biibal e Quraana ngam janngude, kono seeɗa-seeɗa o acci binndi ɓurɗi yaajde. Binndol kadi ina rokka mo, ina addana mo jokkondirde e yimɓe e juɓɓule ceertuɗe, haa jooni Stella ina jaɓa yillaade mo lewru kala laawol gootol. Mandelaa e Pape Jean Paul II fof noddii yo o woppe, tawi noon sosiyeteeji Inndo e Almaañ fof ina ndokki mo njeenaaje winndereeje.Forum ardorde Afrik yaltinii defte ɗiɗi ɓataakeeji e binndanɗe binndaaɗe ngam teddinde mo ; Forum oo e hoore mum dogiino ummoraade Accra to Ganaa ngam daɗde e tooñanngeeji laamu Abacha. E fuɗɗoode hitaande 1996, Obasanjo ummiima Jos, fayti e kasoo ɓurɗo woɗɗude to Yola, to diiwaan Adamawa. Ko ɗoon o jaɓaa remde gesa.[194] Obasanjo hollitii wonde e nder kasoo o ɓeydii luggiɗde e goonɗinal makko e Kerecee’en, o ɓadtii Alla,[194] o wonti Kerecee’en jibinaaɗo.[195] Gila ndeen, diine kerecee en ina joginoo darnde ɓurnde mawnude e nder yi’annde makko aduna. To Yola, o waajii 28 waaju yontere kala caggal nde jaagorɗe njilluuji ndartinaa e wakkati seeɗa. O winndi ɗeen waajuuji, o acci ɗi njaltina nde o yalti.[195] Obasanjo kadi etinooma moƴƴinde yoga e sukaaɓe kasoo, rewrude e yahrude yeeso maɓɓe nde o wonti neɗɗo dimo.[196] Obasanjo hulii wonde maa o tooke, haa teeŋti noon e nder haalaaji renndo wonde maayde Yar'adua ko tooke anniya.[197] Abacha sankii ɗoon e ɗoon e lewru suwee 1998, caggal ɗuum komanndaaji konu nguu toɗɗii Seneraal Major Abdulsalaami Abubakar lomto makko. Yontere caggal mum, Abubakar yamiri yo Obasanjo woppe, o neldi laana ndiwoowa ngam artirde mo to Ota.[197] E yiɗde wartirde leydi Naajeeriya e laamu siwil, Abubakar fusi lanndaaji e juɓɓule leydi ndi gonɗe heen ɗee, o anndini peeje ɗe ngaddanta hooreejo leydi siwil toɗɗaade e lewru mee 1999.[198] Kampaañ ngam suɓaade hooreejo leydi : 1998-1999 Jooni ko o neɗɗo dimo, Obasanjo yahiino Afrik worgo, Angalteer, e Amerik, ɗo o safraa.[199] Lanndaaji politik kesi ina mbaɗa e nder leydi Najeriya, gooto e ɓurɓe mawnude e majji ko lannda Demokaraasi Leƴƴi (PDP), fedde nde yiɗnoo ko yaajde no feewi, so tawii ko e laamu, nde haɗata kuudetaaji garooji.[199] Terɗe PDP mawɗe ndartinii Obasanjo ngam wonde kanndidaa hooreejo leydi. Ɓe cikkatnoo ko omo waawi yamirde teddungal winnderewal, kadi ko o neɗɗo militeer, omo waawi jogaade leydi ndii e dow kuudetaaji garooji e dille seertuɗe. Ɓe mbi'i kadi Naajeeriya ɗon mari haaje hooreejo lesdi fombina ngam foondugo ardungal maako arandewal haa woyla, nden Obasanjo holli hoore maako bana fombina mo walaa ƴamol dow fombina.[200] Sehilaaɓe e ɓesngu ina mbiya yo o dog, mbiyi o bonnat innde makko moƴƴere walla o wara. Obasanjo hollitii wonde o saliima, kono ñalnde 28 lewru nduu o naati e lannda PDP, yontere caggal ɗuum o hollitii wonde o woni ko e waɗde hoore makko ngam wonde kanndidaa hooreejo lannda ka.[201] E nder kampaañ makko, o teeŋtinii yiɗde makko artirde ko o sikki ko ndonu laamu moƴƴu nde o yalti e laamu e hitaande 1979.[202] E nder dingiral mooftugol kaalis, o dañii N356 miliyoŋ, heen N120 miliyoŋ ko njulaagu Aliko Dangote rokki ɗum. Ko ɓuri heewde e ɗeen dokke ummorii ko e worɓe militeer en e njuɓɓudi njulaagu kesiri.[202] O yilliima leydi ndii, o waɗii konnguɗi e ɗaɓɓude heɗtiiɓe e yimɓe teeŋtuɓe ; ƴamde guwerneeruuji dowlaaji ko huunde maantiniinde e mbaadi makko.[203] Kampaañ makko ina ɓuuɓna kampaañ makko mawɗo, hono Alex Ekwueme, mo yimɓe worgo e konu nguu ngoongɗinaani no feewi.[204] PDP ina heɓa leydi e nder leydi Najeriya, ina hollita wonde ko kañum woni lannda ɓurka waawde e nder wooteeji laamu nokkuuji ɗii e lewru Duujal 1998, e wooteeji diiwaanuuji ɗii e lewru Yarkomaa 1999, e wooteeji Senaa e suudu sarɗiiji e lewru Feebariyee 1999.[205] Ñalnde 14 feebariyee 1999, batu PDP noddaa ngam suɓaade kanndidaa mum to hooreejo leydi. Obasanjo heɓi 1 658 woote, Ekwueme heɓi 521, e kanndidaaji joy keddiiɗi ɗii 260.[206] E ɗaɓɓude neɗɗo worgo ngam wonde cukko hooreejo leydi PDP, Obasanjo suɓii Atiku Abubakar.[207] Woote hooreleydaagu mbaɗi ko ñalnde 27 feebariyee ; Ko Olu Falae mo APP tan woni luutndiiɗo Obasanjo. Fotde feccere e fotɓe suɓaade ɓee mbaɗii noon, won heen ko fenaande hay so tawii alaa ko bonnata. Taƴre laawɗunde ndee rokkii Obasanjo 63% e wooteeji ɗii ; ko kanko woni majjuɗo e nder dowlaaji jeegom ɗii fof e nder leydi makko Yoruba.[208] Hooreejo leydi (1999-2007) Manndaa gadano (1999-2003) Siile hooreejo leydi Naajeeriya Caggal nde o riiwti ɗum, Obasanjo naati e nder galle hooreejo leydi to Aso Rock e lewru mee 1999 caggal nde o hunni hooreejo leydi to Eagle Square to Abuja.[209] Nde o toɗɗii laamu maako kesu, o suɓi ministaajo ɗuuɗɗum diga woylaare lesdi Naajeeriya, koo ngam ko ɓuri ɗuuɗugo nder maɓɓe woni Kirista'en, ɗum mettini woɓɓe juulɓe woylaare lesdi Naajeeriya. Ɓeen ñiŋooɓe ina keewi sifaade wonde kabine Obasanjo ina ɓooyi no feewi, ina ŋakkiraa humpito, haa teeŋti noon so tawii ko e geɗe faggudu.[210] E nder laamu makko gadano, toɓɓe ndimaagu ɗe Naajeeriya’en keɓata ɓeydii; ndimaagu jaayndeeji ina addana hooreejo leydi ndi ñiŋde no feewi.[211] E nder lebbi gadani laamu makko, Obasanjo woppii fotde 200 ofisee militeer, tawi heen 93 fof ina njogii jappeere politik, ɗum noon ko kuudetaa mo ofiseeji keewɗi humpito mbaɗata ina famɗi.[209] O ummini kadi ministeer defansiyoŋ gila Lagos haa Abuja, ngam tabitinki ɗum waddaama les njiimaandi laamu ɓurndi laaɓtude.[209] Manndaa ɗiɗaɓo (2003-2007) Obasanjo suɓaama kadi e woote 2003 ɗe njuumtaani, tawi ina waɗi caɗeele leƴƴi e diineeji. Gaño makko mawɗo, gonnooɗo laamɗo konu Seneraal Muhammadu Buhari, ko juulɗo, o heɓi ballal makko ko ɓuri heewde ko e fuɗnaange. Obasanjo heɓi 61,8% e woote ɗe, o fooli Buhari ko ɓuri miliyoŋaaji 11 woote.[212] E lewru noowammbar 2003, Obasanjo ñiŋaama sabu kuulal mum rokkude asilo hooreejo leydi Liberiya, hono Charles Taylor.[213] Ñalnde 12 lewru juko hitaande 2006, o siifondiri nanondiral Greentree e hooreejo leydi Kameruun Paul Biya nanondiral ngal joofniri luural keeri hakkunde duunde Bakassi.[214] Hay so tawii Senaa leydi Najeriya ƴettii kuulal ngam wiyde wonde ittugol konu leydi Najeriya e nder duunde Bakassi ko huunde nde fotaani, Obasanjo rokki yamiroore nde jokkata no haanirta nii.[215] E manndaa makko ɗiɗaɓo, Obasanjo jokki e daranaade yaajnude doole polis leydi ndii, haa arti noon e 325 000 polis e hitaande 2007.[216] Fitinaaji laddeeji jokkuɗi hakkunde juulɓe e kerecee en e nder diiwaan Plateau addani Obasanjo bayyinde toon laamu nguu e lewru mee 2004, o dartini laamu diiwaan oo, o darni laamu konu lebbi jeegom.[217] Ñalnde 22 lewru nduu hitaande 2005, guwerneer diiwaan Abia e oon sahaa, hono Orji Uzor Kalu, rokki EFCC ɗaɓɓaande ngam tuumaade wonde Obasanjo waɗii golle bonɗe.[218] Ajenda manndaa tataɓo Obasanjo ina wondi e luural ko fayti e « Agenda mum tataɓo » , woni peeje ngam waylude doosgal leydi ndii mbele omo waawa jogaade manndaa tataɓo, duuɓi nay, e gardagol leydi ndii. Ɗum waɗii ƴamol nder jaayndeeji siyaasaaku nder Naajeeriya, nden boo kuugal ngal jaɓaaka nder Asamblee lesdi.[219][220] Ko ɗum waɗi Obasanjo woppi laamu caggal wooteeji gardagol leydi e lewru abriil 2007.[221] E nder yeewtere hesere nde o waɗdunoo e teleeji Channels, Obasanjo saliima jeyeede e ko wiyetee « Ajenda tataɓo ». O wi'i ɗum Asamblee lesdi Naajeeriya ɗon mari limngal limngal limngal limngal lesdi Naajeeriya. Obasanjo wiyi : "mi meeɗaa fiyde miijo manndaa tataɓo."[222] Ajenda manndaa tataɓo Obasanjo ina wondi e luural ko fayti e « Agenda mum tataɓo » , woni peeje ngam waylude doosgal leydi ndii mbele omo waawa jogaade manndaa tataɓo, duuɓi nay, e gardagol leydi ndii. Ɗum waɗii ƴamol nder jaayndeeji siyaasaaku nder Naajeeriya, nden boo kuugal ngal jaɓaaka nder Asamblee lesdi.[219][220] Ko ɗum waɗi Obasanjo woppi laamu caggal wooteeji gardagol leydi e lewru abriil 2007.[221] E nder yeewtere hesere nde o waɗdunoo e teleeji Channels, Obasanjo saliima jeyeede e ko wiyetee « Ajenda tataɓo ». O wi'i ɗum Asamblee lesdi Naajeeriya ɗon mari limngal limngal limngal limngal lesdi Naajeeriya. Obasanjo wiyi : "mi meeɗaa fiyde miijo manndaa tataɓo."[222] Obasanjo ñaawaama e juuɗe mawɓe politik e nder sagata Agenda manndaa tataɓo. Senator Ken Nnamani, hooreejo suudu joonde diidaaɗi lesdi Naajeeriya, wi'i Obasanjo anndini mo dow ajendaaji ɗin ɓaawo o laati hooreejo suudu joonde diidaaɗi lesdi Naajeeriya. O wiyi : "Ɗoon e ɗoon, ngon-mi hooreejo senaa, o haalani mi anniya makko, o haalani mi no o yiɗiri heɓde ɗum. Miin e fuɗɗoode mi ƴettataa mo no feewi haa kewuuji ɗii puɗɗii feeñde." O hollitii kadi wonde Miliyaaruuji jeetati (8) Naira njaltinaama ngam wallitde depiteeji ɗii ngam wallitde ajendaaji ɗii, o naamndii : « hol no neɗɗo waawirta haalde nii tawa o anndaa ɗum, tee kaalis, e kaalis leydi ndii e kaalis leydi ndii fof, ina wayla juuɗe ». Femi Gbajabiamila tabbitini haala Nnamani ammaa o waɗi limngal man feere-feere, o wi'i: "Kaalis man hawti bee miliyaaruuji N10. Hol no N10bn wurtinirtee nder ceede lesdi ngam eɓɓoore nde a woni hooreejo jooɗiiɗo, ammaa nden eɓɓoore laataaki miijo ma? Toy ceede man iwdi?" E nder haalaaji garooji ɗii, Nnamani wiyi wonde hooreejo leydi Amerik hono George W. Bush jeertinii Obasanjo nde woppataa peeje mum ngam tawtoreede woote gardagol leydi e manndaa tataɓo. O wiyi : "so aɗa yiɗi hoolkisaade wonde gorko oo ina haala fenaande tan, ƴettu deftere nde Condoleezza Rice, gonnooɗo jaagorgal leydi Amerik winndi. Ko goonga ko deftere nde Rice winndi. E hello 628 walla hello 638, o yeewtidii e Obasanjo, no o yiɗiri hawrude e hooreejo leydi Ameriknaajo oo, no o yiyri hooreejo leydi Ameriknaajo oo ina waawi waylude doosgal leydi ndii mbele omo waawa yahde e manndaa tataɓo, Bush wiyi mo yo o woppu ɗum, o yalta haa ñalnde 29 mee 2007."[223] Politik faggudu, renndo e caggal leydi Politik faggudu Obasanjo e wondude e laamɗo leydi Iran e hitaande 1999 E ngalu petrol, Obasanjo sosi Komitiiru Ƴellitaare Delta Niger, o huutorii Porogaraam Jaŋde leslesre winndereyankoore ngam ɓeydude jaŋde leslesre Naajeeriya. O sosi Komiseer keeriiɗo toppitiiɗo golle bonɗe e Komiseer toppitiiɗo bonanndeeji faggudu e kaalis. Wuurtinii Sosiyetee ngenndiijo njulaagu to Kaduna e (Onne) Port Harcourt. Obasanjo ɓeydi geɗal njoɓdi petroŋ e renndo to dowla iwdi mum gila e 3 haa 13 e nder teemedere.[224] Ko adii laamu Obasanjo, ɓeydagol PIB leydi Nijeer ina muusi no feewi gila 1987, tee ina jokki tan e 3% hakkunde 1999 e 2000. Kono, e laamu Obasanjo, ɓeydagol ngol ɓeydiima fotde laabi ɗiɗi haa 6% haa o woppi laamu, tawi noon ina walliti ɗum e feccere e ɓeydagol coggu petroŋ. Resooji leydi Naajeeriya ko ɓuri miliyaaruuji ɗiɗi dolaar e hitaande 1999 haa miliyaaruuji 43 dolaar nde ɓe njalti laamu e hitaande 2007.[225] O dañii yaafuya ñamaale e fedde Pari e Londres fotde 18 miliyaar dolaar, o yoɓi kadi 18 miliyaar dolaar goɗɗo ngam woppude ñamaale. Ko vuri heewde e ziin njovdiiji mooftaama e njovdi njulaagu juutndi e nder yontere nde. (Toɓɓere feewnitagol). Ko ɓuri heewde e ɗeen ñamaale mooftaama wonaa e fenaande kono ko e yontaaji 1982–85 nde Naajeeriya huutorii laamu toppitiingu mbayliigu nguu, ngu rokki denndaangal njulaagu nguu e banke mawɗo leydi Nijeer. Nde Obasanjo heɓi laamu, faggudu leydi Najeriya wonnoo ko e caɗeele. Inflation ina yahra e 30% e hitaande e nder kitaale 1990 fof, e hitaande 2001 fotde 20% e mawɓe leydi Najeriya ina ngala golle.[226] Baasal ina yaaji, laamu Obasanjo ina yiɗi ustude ɗum e yoɓde N3,500 lewru kala fotde 200,000 neɗɗo ngam waɗde golle gaadoraaɗe ko wayi no ɓuuɓnude e moƴƴinde laabi.[226] Ndeen eɓɓoore lomtinaama e Porogaraam ngenndiijo ngam haɓaade baasal, jowitiingal e ƴellitde golle sukaaɓe, e njuɓɓudi teeru, e reende.[226] E hitaande 2000, laamu Obasanjo ɓeydi njoɓdi ɓurndi famɗude ndi sariya yamiri ndii laabi ɗiɗi.[227] O noddi Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe (FMI) ngam ƴeewtaade faggudu leydi Najeriya e rokkude wasiyaaji no moƴƴiri ɗum;[228] ɓe njeertinii wonde laamu nguu ina heewi ñamlude.[227] E hitaande 2001, Obasanjo hollitii hoore mum "ko o goongɗinɗo njuɓɓudi luumo", o hollitii wonde o yiyii bonneede ko "njuɓɓudi bonndi e nder sekteer laamu" addani mo.[229] Kono, nde o holliti darnde makko e nanondiral Washington ngam luumooji rimɗi, e privatisation, e ŋakkeende ngalu laamu, ngalu laamu nguu e feccere PIB ɓeydiima gila e 29% e hitaande 1997 haa 50% e hitaande 2001.[229] E lewru Yarkomaa hitaande 2000, Naajeeriya heɓi nyamande miliyaaruuji 1 dolaar Amerik, ko ɗum addani laamu nguu naatde e kaaldigal ngam waylude ñamaale mum e ñamaale mum.[228] Laamu Obasanjo naftoriima coggu petroŋ toowngu e nder winndere ndee e manndaa mum gadano. Nde anniyii kadi ɓeydude petroŋ leydi Naajeeriya e ɓeydude keewal gaasuuji ɓuuɓɗi, ɗi puɗɗii yaltineede e leydi ndii e hitaande 1999.[230] Obasanjo fellitii momtude ballal petroŋ, ɓeyda coggu nguu haa yettoo tolno njulaagu. Kongres gollooɓe leydi Naajeeriya noddi seppo mawngo ngam seppude ngam salaade lewru Juko hitaande 2000 e Obasanjo sakkitii, o ustii ballal ngal, wonaa ittude ngal. Ngolɗoo ngonka addani Obasanjo hollirde wonde ko "gaño miskineeɓe" e miijo renndo.[231] Ngam ɓeydude ustude njoɓdi, Obasanjo wayliima e privatisation, o sosi Diiso ngenndiijo ko faati e privatisation e lewru sulyee 1999. Nde o heɓi laamu, laamu fedde nde ina joginoo 588 sosiyetee laamu, tawi ko ina tolnoo e 55% e ñamaale caggal leydi, Obasanjo ina yaakorii wonde ko heewi e ɗeen, hay so tawii noon ɗe mbaawaa wonde in2. Privatization yiɗaama e yimɓe leydi Najeriya, ko 35% tan ɓe keɓi ballal e wiyde wiɗto miijo hitaande 2000.[233] Obasanjo kadi ina yiɗi kaaldigal ngam ustude ñamaale.[234] O hollitii wonde ñamaale leydi Naajeeriya ina keewi no feewi, ina mbonna faggudu mum e demokaraasi mum. Hay so tawii Kanadaa, Itali e Amerik ndartinii ñamaale leydi Nijeer, ɗeen ñamaale ina pamɗi, ñamaale mawɗe leydi ndii, ɓurɗe mawnude heen ko Angalteer, njaɓaani.[235] Obasanjo ɗon tuuma caɗeele faggudu lesdi Naajeeriya ɗuuɗɗe dow fenaande;[236] nder hitaande 2000, fedde Transparency International limti ɗum lesdi ɓurdundi fenaande nder duniyaaru.[229] Balɗe seeɗa caggal nde o heɓi laamu o hollitii kuulal ngam haɓaade fenaande to Asaambele ngenndi, hay so tawii noon ɗum jibinii luulndaare mawnde e juuɗe ñaawooɓe cikkatnooɓe ko ɗum rokki laamu nguu doole ɓurɗe heewde. Nanondiral waɗii ngam ustude eɓɓooje Obasanjo, addani mo siynude sariya keso oo e lewru suwee 2000.[236] Alaa ko holliti wonde njulaagu ustiima e nder leydi Najeriya e nder manndaa Obasanjo gadano, laamu makko waɗaani hay huunde ngam ƴeewtaade njulaagu nguu e nder leydi Najeriya, ngu yaaji e nder laamuuji diiwaan e laamuuji nokkuuji.[229] Obasanjo ina wondi e hooreejo leydi Riisi Valadimir Putin to Kremlin e hitaande 2001 Cellal renndo kadi ko huunde tiiɗnde e nder leydi Nijeer. E nder kitaale 1990, Naajeeriya ina yoɓnoo fotde 0,2% e PIB mum ngam wallitde cellal renndo, ko ɗum woni ko ɓuri famɗude e winndere ndee. Laamu Obasanjo ɓeydi ɗum haa ko ɓuri 0,4%.[237] Caɗeele cellal ɓurɗe yaawde toɗɗaade leydi Najeriya ko ñawu VIH/SIDA, Obasanjo yamiri ɗoon e ɗoon ciimtol ngonka e dow toɓɓere ndee caggal nde o heɓi laamu.[237] Ndeen o sosi Goomu Hooreejo leydi ngam haɓaade SIDA, ngu o ardii, o sosi Goomu Pewnugol Golle Ngenndiije ngam yuɓɓinde kampaañ 2000–03, jowitiingo e bayyinaango, heblo, wasiyaaji, e jarribooji ngam haɓaade mboros o. Ngam yahduki yeeso ngam njamu jama'aare, o fuɗɗi kampaniire kesum ngam hurgugo ceede laamu lesdi Naajeeriya ngam etaade nyiɓugo suudu nyawndiigu nder kala nokkure 774 laamu lesdi Naajeeriya Politik caggal leydi Obasanjo e Donald Rumsfeld to Pentagon e hitaande 2001 Ina jeyaa e golle Obasanjo mawɗe, ɗe o heɓi heen, moƴƴitinde innde leydi Nijeer e nder winndere ndee, nde o bonni e laamu Abacha. O waɗii ko ina ɓura feccere e manndaa makko gadano caggal leydi, o yilliima leyɗeele 92 haa e lewru oktoobar 2002. E lewru oktoobar 1999, Obasanjo sosi Goomu (Commission Bi-National) hakkunde Afrik worgo e Niiseer ngam yeewtidde e gollondiral hakkunde leyɗeele ɗiɗi ɗee, ɓurɗe mawnude e Afrik worgo Saharaa. Obasanjo jokki jokkindiral Naajeeriya bee U.S., o waddi walliinde U.S. ngam wallugo janngirde sooje'en Naajeeriya. O jokkondirii no feewi e hooreejo leydi Amerik biyeteeɗo Bill Clinton, o jokkondiri kadi e lomto Clinton, hono George W. Bush ; Bush yilliima Abuja e hitaande 2003, Obasanjo yilliima Wasinton e hitaande 2006.[240] E jokkude jokkondiral ɓurngal welde e U.K. ko ɓuri ko o joginoo e kitaale 1970, o tawtoraama batu makko gadano Commonwealth e lewru Noowammbar 1999, o jaɓɓi ɗum e lewru Duujal 2003, ɗo o heɓi njeenaari teddungal e juuɗe laamɗo debbo Biritaan biyeteeɗo Elizabeth II.[240] Nde Obasanjo heɓi laamu, o huninooma ittude konu leydi Najeriya e leydi Siyeraa Leyoon. E lewru ut 1999, o hollitii limre ngam ɓe ngurtina, hay so tawii noon ɗum dartinaama nde konu jam ONU moofti, ngu Nijeer rokki ɗum 4000 soldaat. Ndee doole yalti ko e hitaande 2005.[241] E nder jiiɓru to leydi Liberia, Obasanjo yamiri konu leydi Nijeer yo naata leydi ndii e lewru ut 2003 ; ɓe njalti e komanndaaji ONU lebbi ɗiɗi caggal ɗuum.[240] Obasanjo hokki Charles Taylor, hooreejo lesdi Liberiya, mo laamu mum woppi, o hokka mo haa lesdi Naajeeriya, koo ngam ɓaawo man o warti mo haa lesdi Liberiya ngam o ɗon ƴama mo ngam warhoore konu dow ƴamol hooreejo lesdi Liberiya keso, Ellen Johnson Sirleaf.[242] E yiɗde haɗude Naajeeriya yaltude e hareeji nder leydi ɗi yimɓe njiɗaa, o salii ɗaɓɓaande konu Naajeeriya ngam tawtoreede naatgol ECOMOG e nder wolde hakkunde leyɗeele Gine-Bisaawo e golle jam 2002 to Kodduwaar. E ɗaɓɓaande Angalteer, o walli e nanondiral hakkunde laamu Zimbaabwee mo Robert Mugabe, ngam hirjinde laamu nguu e ƴettude gese ɗe ɓaleeɓe jeyi e dow fenaande. O wondi e hooreejo leydi Afrik worgo hono Thabo Mbeki e gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi Ostarali John Howard, o jeyaa ko e fedde nde Commonwealth halfinaa ngam haɓaade Zimbaabwee.[243] Obasanjo e Mbeki njilliima Zimbaabwee laabi tati ngam golloraade dipolomasi deeƴɗo, kono ɓe keɓaani heen nafoore, ɓe mbiya Mugabe yo woppu laamu walla sosde laamu renndinde laamu e luulndiiɓe Mouvement pour le changement démocratique.[239] Haɓde e jiiɓru leƴƴi e diineeji Bush ina yeewtida e Obasanjo e nder batu G8 to Farayse, lewru suwee 2003 Caggal nde Obasanjo suɓaa, nokku ɗo sariyaaji lislaam ngoni ɗoo, wonti jeewte mawɗe e nder politik leydi Najeriya. Gila leydi ndii heɓi jeytaare mum, sharia ina jokki e ñaawde siwil hakkunde juulɓe wonɓe e dowlaaji worgo ɗii ; ñaawooɓe bonanndeeji ɗii laawɗinaaka e sariyaaji sharia, huunde nde mettini won e juulɓe.[244] E lewru suwee 1999, guwerneer diiwaan Zamfara, hono Ahmed Sani, hollitii naatgol timmungol shari’a e nder oon diiwaan, hay so tawii noon o hollitii wonde ɗum jogori huutoreede tan ko e hoɗɓe e juulɓe, wonaa e yimɓe ɓe ngonaa lislaam en. Ɗuum waɗi kulhuli nder yimɓe Kirista'en pamari nder woyla lesdi Naajeeriya, bee seppooji e seppooji feere-feere ɗon ngadda fitinaaji, haa fahin haa Kaduna.[244] Across Nigeria, Christian opinion was very hostile to the introduction of sharia as the basis of state penal systems.[245] Suudu Asaambele ngenndi ndii fof ina ɗaɓɓi e Obasanjo nde nawtata haala kaa to Ñaawirde Toownde.[245] O yiɗiino woppude ɗum, o yiɗaa darnde shari’a wonta huunde doosgal.[246] E nder renndo o yiɗiino seerndude ko o inniri "sharia goonga" e "sharia politik", o yetti arano oo, o wiyi wonde ɗiɗaɓo oo ko fad mo fizzle out.[245] Nde o salii naatde heen, Obasanjo heɓi ñiŋooje sabu ŋakkeende cuusal e juuɗe yimɓe heewɓe to bannge worgo, juulɓe tiiɗɓe to bannge worgo ina ƴattoo mo.[246] E nder ɗaɓɓaande yimɓe heewɓe ummoraade e renndooji juulɓe, dowlaaji nay goɗɗi to bannge worgo ƴettii sariya kuuɓtodinɗo sharia e hitaande 2000 e jeeɗiɗi goɗɗi e hitaande 2001. Obasanjo caggal ɗuum hollitii wonde haala kaa ko caɗeele ɓurɗe mawnude ɗe o meeɗi dañde e wonde hooreejo leydi.[246] npe8s6u41gpg3s2d8xr2xapojnye8zn 175783 175779 2026-06-22T20:49:53Z Ilya Discuss 10103 #1Lib1Ref 175783 wikitext text/x-wiki Mawɗo Olusegun Matthew Okikiola Ogunboye Aremu Obasanjo GCFR (// C; Yoruba: Olúṣẹ́gun Ọbásanjọ́ [ōlúʃɛ́ɡũ̄ ɔ̄básã̄d͡ʒɔ́] R; jibinaa ko c. ndema, e gonnooɗo seneraal konu gonnooɗo hooreejo leydi Naajeeriya gila 1976 haa 1979, caggal ɗuum o woni hooreejo leydi ndii gila 1999 haa 2007. To bannge miijo, ko o ngenndiyanke Naajeeriya, o jeyaa ko e lannda Demokaraasi Leƴƴi (PDP) gila 1998 haa 2019. Obasanjo jibinaa ko e wuro Ibogun-Olaogun, e nder galle remoowo, jeyaaɗo e leñol Owu, Obasanjo janngi ko ɓuri heewde e wuro wiyeteengo Abeokuta, to diiwaan Ogun. O naati konu leydi Naajeeriya, o janngi ko faati e inndeeji, o golliima to Konngo, Angalteer, e Inndo, o arti e darnde Major. E darorɗe kitaale 1960, o waɗii darnde mawnde e haɓaade seernaaɓe Biafra e nder wolde hakkunde leyɗeele Nijeer, o jaɓi dogde e hitaande 1970. E hitaande 1975, kuudetaa konu sosi junta e Obasanjo e nder laamu mum tati. Caggal nde hooreejo triumvirate, hono Murtala Muhammed, waraa e hitaande rewtunde ndee, Diiso toowngo konu toɗɗii Obasanjo hooreejo leydi ndii. Jokkude politik Murtala, Obasanjo ƴeewtindiima taƴgol bidsee e yaajnude jaŋde ekkolaaji ɗi ngalaa njoɓdi. Ɓesdugo hawtuki lesdi Naajeeriya bee lesdi Amerika, o teddini kadi ballal pelle luutndiiɗe laamu ɓaleeɓe pamari nder Afrika woylaare. Obasanjo ɗon mari haaje wartirgo demokaraasi, o ardi woote 1979, ɓaawo man o hokki laamu lesdi Naajeeriya haa hooreejo lesdi siwil keso, Shehu Shagari. Ndeen Obasanjo artii e golle mum to Ota, Ogun, ɗo o wonti demoowo, o yaltini defte nay, o tawtoraama eɓɓooji winndereeji ngam joofnude hareeji Afrik ceertuɗi. E hitaande 1993, Sani Abacha heɓti laamu e kuudetaa konu. Obasanjo ina ñiŋa laamu Abacha e peeñcu, e hitaande 1995 o nanngaa, o ñaawaa wonde o jeyaa ko e kuudetaa peewnaaɗo, hay so tawii o seppii wonde o alaa ella. Nde o woni e kasoo ndee, o wonti Kerecee’en jibinaaɗo, tawi ko providentialism ina tiiɗtini no feewi e yi’annde makko aduna caggal ɗuum. O woppitaama caggal maayde Abacha e hitaande 1998. Obasanjo naati e politik wooteeji, o wonti kanndidaa PDP e wooteeji hooreleydaagu 1999, ɗi o dañi. Ko o hooreejo leydi, o woppi politik militeer en, kamɓe ɗiɗo fof ɓe njaajni polis, ɓe moofti konu ngam haɓaade fitinaaji leƴƴi, diineeji, e seernaaɓe jaajɗi. O itti sooje'en lesdi Naajeeriya diga lesdi Siyeraa Leone, o hokki hukuumaaji pamari feere-feere ngam ustugo ceede lesdi ndi'i. O artiraa e woote 2003. E nder miijooji Pan-Afrik, o woniino daraniiɗo no feewi sosde Dental Afrik, o woniino hooreejo mayre tuggi 2004 haa 2006. Eɓɓooje Obasanjo ngam waylude doosɗe leydi ngam ittude keeri manndaa hooreejo leydi, ɗe njahraani no haanirta nii, ɗe ngaddani ɗum ñiŋooje. Caggal nde o woppi golle, o heɓi doktoraa makko e ganndal diine to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde National Open to leydi Najeriya. Nguurndam gadano Baaba Olusegun Obasanjo, Obasanjo Bankole, jeyaa ko e ardiiɓe hoɗɓe e sosɓe wuro Igbogun Olaogun e fuɗɗoode kitaale 1920. Hay so tawii ko o demoowo keewɗo jawdi, o jom jawdi en, omo hiisee wonde miskiino sabu o jeyaaka e yimɓe jannguɓe e nder leydi Yoruba. Bankole hawri e Bernice Ashabi, njulaagu tokooso to Igbogun, kamɓe ɗiɗo fof ɓe resndi. Ɓeeɗoo ɗiɗo ina njogii ɓiɓɓe ɗiɗo heddiiɓe e nder jeegom : Olusegun e Adunni Oluwola, miñiiko debbo gooto. E wiyde paaspoor makko, Olusegun Obasanjo jibinaa ko ñalnde 5 marse 1937 hay so tawii noon alaa ko winndaa e mum hannde, ñalngu nguu ko limto ɓadiiɗo. Olusegun ko jeyaaɗo e Laamu Owu. O mawni ko e Baptiste. Debbo makko caggal mum naati lislaam ngam resde gorko juulɗo.[9] E duuɓi sappo e go'o, o naati duɗal leslesal wuro ngo,[10] caggal duuɓi tati, e hitaande 1951, o naati duɗal Baptist Day to nokku Owu to Abeokuta.[11] E hitaande 1952 o arti e duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde sukaaɓe Baptist,[12] kadi e nder wuro ngo. Feccere e njoɓdi duɗal makko ko dokke laamu.[13] Obasanjo waɗii ko moƴƴi e jaŋde,[14] e nder duɗal o wonti Boy Scout keewɗo faayiida.[15] Hay so tawii alaa ko holliti wonde e oon sahaa o tawtoraama kala pelle politik,[15] ko e nder duɗal hakkundeewal Obasanjo salii innde makko adannde "Matthew" ngam wonde golle luulndiiɗe koloñaal.[16] E nder ɗuum, baaba Obasanjo woppi debbo mum e sukaaɓe mum ɗiɗo.[17] Nde o yani e baasal, yumma Obasanjo ina foti golloraade njulaagu ngam wuurde.[15] Ngam yoɓugo ceede janngirde maako, Obasanjo ɗon huuwa haa gese kakawo e kola, ɗon ligga, ɗon mooɓa leɗɗe, ɗon sooda ceene mahooɓe. E nder balɗe udditgol duɗal ngal kadi o golliima e duɗal ngal, omo taƴa huɗo e golle juuɗe goɗɗe.[18] E hitaande 1956, Obasanjo waɗi jaŋde mum hakkundeere, caggal nde o ñamli kaalis ngam yoɓde njoɓdi naatgol.[19] E oon hitaande kadi, o fuɗɗii jokkondirde e Oluremi Akinlawon, ɓiy Owu mawɗo station. Ɓe ndarniino dewgal haa hitaande 1958.[20] O yalti duɗal, o fayi Ibadan, o ƴetti golle jannginde. Ko ɗoon o jooɗii e ekzamen naatgol to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Ibadan, kono hay so o jaɓii o tawi o waawaa yoɓde njoɓdi jaŋde.[19] Ndeen Obasanjo fellitii jokkude golle mum e nder konu leydi Najeriya, ngam heɓde ngal gollal, e hitaande 1958 o jaabiima eɓɓoore ngam janngude ofiseeji cadet e nder konu leydi Najeriya.[21][22] Fuɗɗoode golle konu (1958-1966) Heblo konu: 1958-1959 E lewru marse 1958, Obasanjo naati e konu leydi Najeriya.[23] O yi’i ɗum ko fartaŋŋe jokkude jaŋde makko tawa omo heɓa njoɓdi;[24] o humpitaaki ɗoon e ɗoon ɓesngu makko, o hulii wonde jibnaaɓe makko ina njaɓa ɗum.[25] Ko e oon sahaa konu leydi Najeriya ina jokki e juuɗe laamu koloñaal leydi Najeriya, ngam heblude ndimaagu leydi Najeriya timmungu, kadi ina waɗi eɓɓooje ngam heɓde yimɓe leydi Najeriya ɓurɓe heewde e nder darnde konu mum.[25] Ndeen o neldaama to duɗal jaŋde ofiseeji jooɗɗi to Teshie to leydi Gana.[23] Nde o woni caggal leydi, o neldi ɓataakeeji e dokke to jom suudu makko to leydi Najeriya.[20] E lewru suwee 1958, o suɓaa ngam ɓeydaade heblo lebbi jeegom to duɗal Mons Officer Cadet to Aldershot, to fuɗnaange Angalteer. Obasanjo yiɗaa ɗum toon, o sikkatnoo ko ɗum juɓɓule njiyaagu e njiyaagu, o tawi ina saɗi ko jokkondiri e dumunna Engele ɓurɗo toowde e ɓuuɓde.[26] Nde semmbini miijooji makko bonɗi e laamu Biritaan e hakke mum laamaade e dow laamuuji mum koloñaal en.[24] To Mons, o heɓi komisoŋ e seedantaagal to bannge innde. Nde Obasanjo woni to leydi Angalteer, yumma mum maayi. Baaba makko ndeen maayi ko hitaande caggal ɗuum.[27] E hitaande 1959, Obasanjo arti Nijeer. Ko ɗoon o artiraa to Kaduna, o woni subaltern infanterie e bataliyoŋ joyaɓo.[27] Wakkati maako haa Kaduna woni wakkati arandejum nde Obasanjo jooɗi haa nokkure nde juulɓe ɗuuɗi.[27] Ko nde o woni toon, e lewru Oktoobar 1960, leydi Nijeer wonti leydi ndimaagu.[28][22] Kiiriis Konngo: 1960-1961 Ƴeew kadi: Kiriis Konngo Caggal ɗuum seeɗa, bataliyoŋ joyaɓo neldaa to Konngo ngam jeyeede e konu Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe ngam haɓaade jam. Ko ɗoon bataliyoŋ oo woni e nder diiwaan Kivu, tawi ko ɗoon woni Bukavu.[28] To leydi Konngo, Obasanjo e woɗɓe ina njoginoo darnde reende siwil en, haa arti noon e leñol Belsik, e soldateeɓe murtuɓe e laamu Patrice Lumumba.[28] E lewru feebariyee 1961, Obasanjo nanngaa e juuɗe murtuɓe nde o ummotoo e misiyoŋaaji katolik en e nder dingiral sara Bukavu. Mutinooɓe ɓee miijinoo ko warde mo kono ɓe njamiraama yo ɓe njaltu. E lewru mee 1961, bataliyoŋ joyaɓo ummii Konngo, arti Najeriya.[28] E nder wolde nde, o toɗɗaama kapiteen wakkati.[24] O teskiima caggal ɗuum wonde sahaa mo o woni e Konngo oo ina semmbina "fervour pan-africain" bataliyoŋ makko.[28] Gartugol e leydi Konngo: 1961-1966 Nde o arti, Obasanjo soodi oto makko gadano, o naati e opitaal ko juuti sabu rafi reedu. Nde o selli, o artiraa e Korse Innjiniyaaruuji konu. E hitaande 1962 o jooɗii to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Royal College to Angalteer. Ko ɗoon o ɓuri waawde, o siforaa ko "almuudo Commonwealth ɓurɗo waawde". Oon hitaande, o yoɓi Akinlawon ngam yahde Londres ɗo o waawi naatde e kursus heblo. Ɓeeɗoo ɗiɗo resndi ɗum ko e lewru suwee 1963 to biro binnditagol Camberwell Green, ɓe nganndini ɓesnguuji maɓɓe tan caggal nde ɓe mbaɗi hiirde ndee.E ndeen hitaande, Obasanjo yamiraama yo o hoot to leydi Nijeer, hay so tawii debbo makko ina heddii to Londres duuɓi tati goɗɗi ngam timminde jaŋde makko. Nde o naati Naajeeriya, Obasanjo hoosi ardungal konu Innjiniyaaruuji ladde, jooɗiiɗum haa Kaduna. E nder konu, Obasanjo ina jokki e yahrude yeeso e nder darɗe, o wonti mawɗo e hitaande 1965. O huutoriima ngalu makko ngam soodde leydi, e fuɗɗoode kitaale 1960 o heɓi jawdi to Ibadan, Kaduna, e Lagos. E hitaande 1965, Obasanjo neldaa leydi Inndo. E nder laawol, o yilliima debbo makko to Londres. To leydi Indiya, o janngi to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde toppitiingal ko fayti e cellal to Wellington, caggal ɗuum to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Innjiniyaaruuji to Poona. Obasanjo hulɓinii e heege nde o seedtii e nder leydi Indiya hay so tawii o ƴettii nafoore e pinal leydi ndii, huunde nde addani mo janngude defte diineeji nannditooji. Hare nder leydi Naajeeriya Winndannde mawnde: Hare nder leydi Najeriya Golle makko ko adii wolde hakkunde leyɗeele: 1966-1967 Obasanjo ummi Naajeeriya nder lewru January hitaande 1966 ngam heɓugo lesdi ndi'i nder kuudetaa konu ngu Major Emmanuel Ifeajuna ardii. Obasanjo ina jeyaa e jeertinɓe wonde ngonka kaa ina waawi jippaade e wolde nder leydi.O hollitii wonde maa o won hakkunde ƴaañooɓe kuudetaa e laamu siwil, ngu rokki laamu nguu e juuɗe hooreejo konu Johnson Aguiyi-Ironsi. Nde kuudetaa oo ronki, Olusegun hawri e Ironsi to Lagos. Ironsi ɓooyaani ko timmini fedde nde e nder leydi Najeriya rewrude e yamiroore mum kawral e lewru mee 1966, huunde nde ɓuuɓni jiiɓru leƴƴi. E darorɗe lewru sulyee, kuudetaa ɗiɗmo waɗi. To wuro Ibadan, sooja'en iwdi woyla lesdi Naajeeriya ɗon ƴama, ɓe mbari Ironsi, ɓe mbari fodde teemeɗɗe ɗiɗi sooje'en ko ɓuri ɗuuɗugo ɓe iwdi lesdi Naajeeriya. Seneraal Yaakubu Gowon heɓti laamu. Nde ooɗoo kuudetaa waɗata nde Obasanjo wonnoo ko to Maiduguri. Nande ɗum, o yaawi hootde Kaduna. Ko ɗoon o tawi konu worgo ummoriiɗo e bataliyoŋ tataɓo ina ronka, ina torloo, ina wara soldateeɓe Igbo en. Gomnaajo lesdi Naajeeriya, Hassan Katsina, annditi dow koo ngam Olusegun naa Igbo, bana no o woni mo woylaare lesdi Naajeeriya, o ɗon nder ɓilla haa sooja'en murtuɓe. Ngam reenaade ɓe, Katsina neldi Olusegun e debbo mum ngarta Maiduguri balɗe sappo, tawi fitinaaji ɗii ina ustoo. Caggal ɗuum, Obasanjo neldi debbo mum to Lagos, tawi omo hoota Kaduna kanko e hoore makko, o woni ɗoon haa lewru Yarkomaa 1967. E oon sahaa ko kanko woni ofisee Yoruba ɓurɗo mawnude tawaaɗo to bannge worgo. E lewru Yarkomaa 1967, Obasanjo toɗɗaama to Lagos ngam wonde mawɗo Injineer konu.Hare hakkunde leƴƴi Igbo e leƴƴi worgo ina jokki e ɓeydaade, e lewru mee, ofisee konu Igbo C. Odumegwu Ojukwu hollitii jeytaare nokkuuji ɓurɗi heewde Igbo e nder fuɗnaange-rewo leydi Bi. Ñalnde 3 lewru juko, laamu leydi Najeriya neldi Obasanjo to Ibadan ngam wonde hooreejo leydi Hirnaange.Hare hakkunde konu leydi Najeriya e seernaaɓe Biafran fuɗɗii ko ñalnde 6 lewru juko. Ñalnde 9 sulyee, Ojukwu neldi koloñaal konu Biafra dow pont Niiseer ngam yiɗde heɓtude Mid-West, nokku ɗo ɓe mbaawi ummoraade Lagos. Obasanjo yiɗiino uddude laabi jahduɗi e wuro ngo. Komandaajo Yoruba biyeteeɗo Victor Banjo, ardinooɗo konu njanngu Biafran, etinooma waawnude Obasanjo yoo ɓe njaltu, kono o salii. Kuugal konu lesdi: 1967-1970 "Kolonel Olu Obasanjo, gardinooɗo diɗɗal tataɓal". Jaaynde Naajeeriya keso, hello 7, 12 lewru Yarkomaa 1970. Gagga hare nder leydi Naajeeriya e Biafra. Ndeen Obasanjo toɗɗaama hooreejo caggal diɗɗal ɗiɗaɓal Murtala Muhammed, gollotoongal to Mid-Ouest. Obasanjo woni ko e jooɗaade to Ibadan, ko kañum halfinaa Division ɗiɗaɓo oo jogaade kaɓirɗe. E nder wuro ngo, Obasanjo jannginii course ganndal konu to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Ibadan, o mahi jokkondiral makko e nder elite Yoruba. E nder wolde nde, wonno ko jiiɓru mawndu e nder Dowla Hirnaange, ngam daɗde e ɗeen caɗeele, Obasanjo woppi golle mum e nder Diiso doosɗe Hirnaange.Nde Obasanjo woɗɗi Ibadan e lewru noowammbar 1968, gure jogiiɗe kaɓirɗe ɗe fedde remooɓe Agbekoya moofti, njani e galle laamorɗo Ibadan. Konuuji ɗii njaabtii, mbari sappo e fitinaaji ɗii. Nde Obasanjo arti o yamiri yo ñaawirde ƴeewto kewuuji ɗii. Yamiroore konu: 1967-1970 "Kolonel Olu Obasanjo, gardinooɗo diɗɗal tataɓal". Jaaynde Naajeeriya keso, hello 7, 12 lewru Yarkomaa 1970. Gagga hare nder leydi Naajeeriya e Biafra. Ndeen Obasanjo toɗɗaama hooreejo caggal diɗɗal ɗiɗaɓal Murtala Muhammed, gollotoongal to Mid-Ouest. Obasanjo ina jooɗii to Ibadan, ko kañum halfinaa Division ɗiɗaɓo oo jogaade kaɓirɗe. E nder wuro ngo, Obasanjo jannginii course ganndal konu to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Ibadan, o mahi jokkondiral makko e nder elite Yoruba. E nder wolde nde, wonno ko jiiɓru mawndu e nder Dowla Hirnaange, ngam daɗde e ɗeen geɗe, Obasanjo woppi golle e nder Diiso doosɗe Dowla Hirnaange. Nde Obasanjo woɗɗi Ibadan e lewru noowammbar 1968, wuro ngo ina jogii balɗe, ngo fedde remooɓe Agbekoya moofti, yani e galle laamorɗo Ibadan. Konuuji ɗii njaabtii, mbari sappo e fitinaaji ɗii. Nde Obasanjo arti o yamiri yo ñaawirde ƴeewto kewuuji ɗii. Gowon felliti lomtaade Kolonel Benjamin Adekunle, ardinooɗo njanngu Biafra, kono ina haani Yoruba mawɗo goɗɗo. O suɓii ko Obasanjo, hay so tawii noon o alaa humpito hare. Obasanjo arii Port Harcourt ngam heɓtude golle ɗee ñalnde 16 mee 1969 ; o ardii hannde hakkunde 35 000 e 40 000 soldaat. O waɗii jonte jeegom gadane ɗee ko e riiwtude njangu Biafran e Aba. O yilliima kala nokku e yeeso, o gaañiiɗo e waɗde ɗum. Ɗee golle ngaddi mo innde cuusal e nder worɓe makko E lewru desaambar, Obasanjo fuɗɗii golle Finishing Touch, yamiri konu mum yo yahru yeeso feewde Umuahia, ngu ɓe ƴetti ñalnde Natal. Ɗum taƴii Biafra e feccere. Ñalnde 7 lewru Yarkomaa 1970, o ummini ndeen « Operation Tail-Wind », o heɓti laana ndiwoowa Uli ñalnde 12 lewru Yarkomaa. E oon sahaa, ardiiɓe Biafran njaɓi yoɓde. Ñalnde 13 lewru nduu, Obasanjo jokkondiri e komandaajo konu Biafran biyeteeɗo Philip Effiong. Obasanjo wi'i sooja'en Biafran hokka balmi maɓɓe, nden boo suɓol ardiiɓe lesdi ndi'i ɗon yaha Lagos, ɓe hokka Gowon dow laawol. Janngo mum, Obasanjo haali e rajo diiwaan oo, o wiyi ɓiɓɓe leydi ndi yo njokku e galleeji mum en, o dartina kisal mum en. Biafranaaɓe heewɓe e jaayɗe goɗɗe ina kuli wonde konu leydi Najeriya ina waawi waɗde bonanndeeji keewɗi e yimɓe foolɓe ɓee, hay so tawii noon Obasanjo ina yiɗi haɗde ɗum. O yamiri konu makko e nder diiwaan hee yo heddo e nder galleeji mum en, jokkude wonde polis nokku oo ina foti ƴettude kuule ngam ƴellitde sariya e deeƴre. Division tataɓo, ɓurɗo woɗɗude, waɗii hareeji warngooji e yimɓe nokku oo. Obasanjo ina tiiɗi e waɗooɓe bonannde ndee, sibu waɗɓe warngooji ɗii mberlaama, waɗɓe warngooji ɗii mbardaa. Laamu Gowon waɗi Obasanjo kalfinaaɗo naatnude Biafra e nder leydi Najeriya, e nder oon darnde o heɓi teddungal ngam teeŋtinde mawngu. Ko o injenieer, o teeŋtinii artirde jolngo ndiyam ; haa lewru mee 1970 gure mawɗe diiwaan oo fof njokkondirii e jolngo ndiyam. Darnde Obasanjo e timminde wolde nde waɗi mo jaambaaro wolde, kadi ko o neɗɗo ganndiraaɗo e nder leydi Najeriya. Kuugal maako ɓaawo konu lesdi: 1970-1975 E lewru suwee 1970, Obasanjo arti Abeokuta, jamaanu jaɓɓii mo no jaambaaro garoowo nii. Ndeen o neldaama to Lagos, o woni Brigadier gardinooɗo Korse Innjiniyankooɓe. E lewru oktoobar, Gowon hollitii wonde laamu militeer en ina rokka laamu nguu laamu siwil e hitaande 1976. E nder ɗuum, haɗde lanndaaji politik ina heddii e doole ; Gowon yahri yeeso seeɗa e sosde laamu siwil. E les laamu sooja'en, Obasanjo jooɗi nder goomu limngal sooja'en lesdi Naajeeriya, ko laarani limngal sooja'en lesdi Naajeeriya nder duuɓi 1970. E hitaande 1974 Obasanjo yahi to leydi Angalteer ngam janngude to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Royal College to bannge diine. Nde o arti, e lewru Yarkomaa 1975 Gowon toɗɗii mo Komisariyaa Golle e Koɗki, golle ɗe o joginoo fotde lebbi jeeɗiɗi, e nder ɗuum o ɓuri waawde mahde kaɓirɗe konu. E hitaande 1970, Obasanjo soodi sosiyatee Libannaajo ɓooyɗo to Ibadan, o gollini heen awokaa ngam ƴellitde ɗum. E hitaande 1973 o winnditii fedde wiyeteende Temperance Enterprises Limited, nde o waawi waɗde heen golle njulaagu caggal nde o woppi golle konu. O jokki kadi e waɗde heen jawdi ; e hitaande 1974 o joginoo galleeji ɗiɗi to Lagos e gooto fof to Ibadan e Abeokuta. Haalaaji ummii wonde Obasanjo ina jokki e waɗde njulaagu nguu ina ɓeydoo yaajde e nder leydi Najeriya, hay so tawii noon alaa ko holliti ɗum ko laaɓti. Dewgal makko e Oluremi wonti caɗeele nde o salii jokkondiral makko e rewɓe woɗɓe. E cakkital kitaale 1970 dewgal maɓɓe fusi. E hitaande 1976 o resi Stella Abebe e nder kewu aadaaji Yoruba. E nder laamu Murtala Kuudetaa 1975 e caggal mum Binndanɗe mawɗe: Kuudetaa laamu Nijeer e hitaande 1975 e Kawtal konu Nijeer (1966–1979) E lewru sulyee 1975, kuudetaa e gardagol Shehu Muusaa Yar’Adua e Yuusuf Garba liɓi Gowon, o dogi fayti Angalteer. Ɓe kaalaani Obasanjo e peeje maɓɓe nde tawnoo omo anndiraa wonde kuudetaa ko kuutorgal waylude laamu. Kuudetaaji ɗii njiɗnoo ko lomtinde laamu otokaraasi Gowon nguu e laamu tati (triumvirate) brigadieruuji tati ɗi Diiso Toowngo Konu ina waawi haɗde kuule mum en. Ngalɗoo laamu tati, ɓe cemmbini Seneraal Murtala Muhammed yo won hooreejo leydi, Obasanjo woni ɗiɗaɓo e gardagol mum, Danjuma woni tataɓo. Daartoowo biyeteeɗo John Iliffe teskiima wonde e nder triumvirate, Obasanjo ko « puccu gollordu e ngaandi » , ko kanko ɓuri yaawde hootde e laamu siwil. E nder heen, triumvirate oo naatni peeje ustude ngalu ngam haɗde inflation, sosi Biro toppitiiɗo ko fayti e golle bonɗe, lomtini guwerneeruuji militeer en ɗii fof ofiseeji kesi, ɓe cifotoo ko Obasanjo woni hooreejo konu, ɓe puɗɗii "Operation Deadwood" mo ɓe ndartini ofiseeji civil 11,000. Mawɗo gollordu, suudu sarɗiiji: 1975–76 E lewru oktoobar 1975, laamu nguu hollitii peeje ngam waɗde woote ɗe mbaɗata ngam laamu siwil e lewru oktoobar 1979. Ngu hollitii kadi peeje ngam sosde goomu ngam ƴettude doosgal leydi kesal, tawi ko Obasanjo ɓuri waawde suɓaade terɗe goomu nguu 49. E dow wasiyaaji Komiseer Irifeke, laamu nguu hollitii kadi sosde dowlaaji jeeɗiɗi kesi ; e dow tiiɗnaare Obasanjo, Abeokuta ina foti wonde laamorgo gooto e ɗeen dowlaaji kesi, hono Ogun. Kadi dow wasiyaaji komitiiru ndun, ɓe anndini anniyaaji seeɗa-seeɗa ngam wurtinki laamorgo lesdi Naajeeriya diga Lagos haa Abuja ɓurduɗum caka. E lewru Yarkomaa 1976, Obasanjo e Danjuma fof ƴettaa e jappeere Lietnaa-Seneraal. Murtala e Obasanjo fof ina ndartini darnde ngam haɗde koloñaal Oropnaaɓe jokkude e njiimaandi ɓaleeɓe tokosɓe e nder Afrik worgo, ɗum noon ko huunde nde ɓe cuɓii e politik maɓɓe caggal leydi. Ngolɗoo sabaabu ina ɓeydoo wontude ngoƴa Obasanjo. Caggal nde Angolaa heɓti jeytaare mum e juuɗe Portigaal, wolde ɓesngu addi e leydi hee. Naajeeriya anndi laabi laamu ngu MPLA, fedde marxist en nde Dental Sowiyet walli, sabu laamu luulndiingu FNLA e UNITA ina mballita e laamu ɓaleeɓe tokosɓe to Afrik worgo. Ko jiidaa e rokkude MPLA ballal kaalis, Niiseer fuɗɗiima ƴattaade leyɗeele Afrik goɗɗe ngam kadi jaɓde njuɓɓudi MPLA, e fuɗɗoode hitaande 1976 ko ɓuri heewde e dowlaaji e nder Fedde Ngootaagu Afrik (OAU) mbaɗii ɗum. E lewru feebariyee 1976, Obasanjo ardii delegaasiyoŋ Najeriya ngam mawninde hitaande MPLA to Luanda, ɗo o wiyi : « ko ñalngu maantiniingu, ko ɗum fuɗɗoode hare sakkitiinde ngam haɓaade koloñaal, imperiyaalisma e njiyaagu e nder Afrik ». Warngo Murtala : 13 feebariyee 1976 E lewru feebariyee 1976, kolonel Buka Suka Dimka waɗi kuudetaa e laamu Nijeer, tawi ko ndeen Seneraal Murtala Muhammed waraa. Eɓɓoore kadi waɗaama e nguurndam Obasanjo, kono neɗɗo mo fotaani waraa. Dimka ŋakkiraa ballal mawngal e nder militeer en, kuudetaa makko ronki, ɗum addani mo dogde. Obasanjo tawtoraaki wirwirnde Murtala to Kano, kono o hollitii laamu nguu ina jogori yoɓde mahngo juulirde e nokku ɗo o wirnaa ɗoo. Caggal nde o waraa, Obasanjo tawtoraama batu Diiso Toowngo Konu. O hollitii yiɗde makko woppude laamu, kono Diiso ngoo heɓiino ɗaɓɓude yo o lomto Murtala e gardagol leydi ndii. Ko ɗum waɗi o wonti hooreejo diiso ngoo.E nder kulhuli makko e ɓeydagol eɓɓooji e nguurndam makko, Obasanjo naati e nder kasoo Dodan, tawi 39 neɗɗo tuumaaɗo wonde e nder kuudetaa Dimka mbaraa, ɗum jibini tuumeede wonde jaabawol Obasanjo ngol ina heewi. Ko Obasanjo woni hooreejo leydi ndi, o huniima jokkude dawrugol Murtala. Hooreejo leydi konu (1976-1979) Triumvirat konu E anndude kulhuli gonɗi e woɗɗude yimɓe woyla Naajeeriya, Obasanjo addi Seneraal Shehu Yar'Adua ngam lomtaade mo e ɗiɗaɓo e gardagol hooreejo konu, gardiiɗo jaagorɗe toowɗo timminoowo triumvirate militeer en, Obasanjo woni hooreejo leydi e Seneraal Theophilus Stajumabli ngam laamaade dow tato we- laamu konu. Obasanjo hirjinii jeewte e nanondiral hakkunde Diiso Toowngo Konu. Heewɓe ina kaawaa hol ko waɗi Obasanjo – hono Yoruba e Kerecee – toɗɗaade Yar’Adua, tergal e aristokraasi worgo, yo won gardiiɗo ɗiɗaɓo mum, wonaa banndiiko Yoruba Kerecee. Obasanjo teeŋtinii kulhuli ngenndiiji e dow ɗi diiwanuuji ɗii ; o hirjini sukaaɓe e mawɓe fof nde njanngata fodoore ngenndiire hesere ndee e jimɗi ngenndiiji ɗii. Nafoore heɓde miijooji ɓurɗi yaajde, ñalnde aset kala omo waɗa seminar mo alaa ko woni e mum so wonaa toɓɓere nde yimɓe ɓe ngonaa politikaaji e gollotooɓe laamu noddata. Ina jeyaa e ɓe o ɗaɓɓirta wasiyaaji mum en, annduɓe lislaam e mawɓe aadaaji. Politik faggudu Obasanjo wondude e hooreejo leydi Amerik biyeteeɗo Jimmy Carter to galle laamorɗo Amerik e hitaande 1977 E cakkital kitaale 1970, leydi Naajeeriya ina joginoo faggudu ɓurndu heewde doole, tawi noon ko 34% e inflation. Ngam haɓugo bee caɗeele faggudu lesdi Naajeeriya, Obasanjo tokki dabareeji cemmbiɗinki ceede ngam ustugo ceede laamu. E nder bidsee makko 1976, Obasanjo eɓɓi ustude njoɓdi laamu nguu fotde feccere, ustude eɓɓaaɗe tedduɗe, tawa ina ɓeyda njoɓdi jaŋde, cellal, galleeji, e ndema. O sosi kadi goomu ngam haɓaade inflation, e nder hitaande wootere caggal nde Obasanjo heɓi laamu, inflation ustii haa 30%. Obasanjo ina heewi yiɗde ñamlude kaalis, kono e ballal Banke Adunayankeewo e Fonds Monétaire International, Nijeer ƴetti ñamlude miliyaaruuji 1 dolaar e fedde bankeeji. Ɓeen ñiŋooɓe leftist en mbiyi wonde waɗde ɗum ina addana leydi ndii ɗooftaade kapitaalisma. E nder duuɓi ɗiɗi garooji ɗii, laamu Obasanjo, Nijeer ƴettii 4 983 miliyoŋ dolaar goɗɗo. Naajeeriya ina wondi e ɓeydagol fotde 3% hitaande kala e nder kitaale 1970, huunde nde fotnoo ɓeydaade fotde laabi ɗiɗi e nder duuɓi 25 seeɗa. Obasanjo teskiima caggal ɗuum wonde o anndaa ɗum e oon sahaa, sibu laamu makko alaa politik e ƴellitde yimɓe. Ɓeydagol yimɓe leydi Naajeeriya addani ɓe ɓeydaade yaawde e nder gure mawɗe e ŋakkeende cuuɗi e nder gure. Ngam haɓaade ɗum, bidsee Obasanjo e hitaande 1976 hollitii peeje mahngo 200 000 galle keso haa hitaande 1980, hay so tawii noon ko 28 500 tan mahaa.E hitaande 1976, laamu Obasanjo kadi hollitii wonde ina jogori ƴellitde renndo e cogguuli. Ngam haɓaade jiiɓru seppooji gollotooɓe, e hitaande 1976 laamu Obasanjo yaltinii sariyaaji cifotooɗi ko ɓuri heewde e gollorɗe mawɗe ko sarwisaaji baɗɗi faayiida, haɗi seppooji e nder mum en, yamiri nanngugol ardiiɓe senndikaaji jiiɓru. E hitaande 1978 nde hawriti senndikaaji 42 e nder fedde wootere nde gollotooɓe e leydi Nijeer. Obasanjo jokki bee taskaramji tati mawɗi ngam ndiyam haa woyla lesdi Naajeeriya ɗi arannde anndinaama les Murtala: taskaramji maayo Kano, taskaramji Bakalori, e taskaramji ndiyam Chad Sud. Laamu makko kadi jokki eɓɓooji ƴellitaare ndema puɗɗanooɗi to Funtua, Gusau, e Gombe. Won eɓɓaaɗe ƴellitgol laddeeji kadi puɗɗaama ngam haɗde njiimaandi Saharaa to bannge worgo. Ngam heɓde ko ɓuri heewde e ɗaɓɓaande leydi ndii e kuuraa, Obasanjo ardiima udditgol eɓɓaaɗe ɗiɗi kese ngam ƴellitde kuuraa e nder ndiyam e ƴulɓe. Industry petrol heddii ko huunde mawnde e faggudu leydi Naajeeriya e les laamu Obasanjo, ministeer petrol hawtii e fedde petroŋ leydi Naajeeriya ngam sosde fedde petroŋ leydi Naajeeriya (NNPC). Obasanjo kadi wallitii sosde lowre liggorde to Bonny, nde NNPC yoɓi 62% ; eɓɓaande ndee ko lomto makko woppi ɗum e nder ɓeydagol coodguuli. Obasanjo jokki kadi e peewnugol njuɓɓudi njamndi mboɗeeri Ajaokuta, eɓɓaande ndonaandi nde heewɓe e ñiŋooɓe e nder sarwisaaji laamu mbiyata ko nde waawataa huutoreede. E nder cakkital kitaale 1970, Naajeeriya kadi ina wondi e ustaare ndema, ko ɗum huunde nde laamuuji jokkondirɗi ɗii njiyti ko ɓuri hoybude e naatde e nguura e nder leydi ndii. E lewru mee 1976, Obasanjo fuɗɗii « Operation Feed the Nation » (Operation Feed the Nation), woni eɓɓaande ngam wuurtinde ndema tokoosa, tawi ina jeyaa heen yoɓeede almudɓe ngam remde e nder balɗe juulde. Eɓɓaande ndee ina waɗi kadi momtugol njoɓɗeele e nguura jawdi e kaɓirɗe ndema, e ballal kuutoragol tovo ngo, e ustude njoɓɗeele ndema. E lewru marse 1978, Obasanjo yaltini kuulal kuutoragol leydi ndi rokki laamu nguu hakkeeji jeyi leydi e dow leydi ndii kala. Ɗum waɗiraa ko ngam haɗde njulaagu leydi e njulaagu leydi, kadi addani ɗum yetteede e bannge nano leydi Najeriya hay so tawii noon ko galleeji keewɗi jogiiɗi leydi njiɗaa ɗum. Obasanjo yiyri ɗum ko e geɗe teeŋtuɗe laamu mum. Obasanjo wallitorii reentaade Gowon ngam waɗde heen jawdi mum caggal leydi, o jokki e ɗeen politikaaji. Politik faggudu ngenndiyankaagal e nder sekteeruuji teeŋtuɗi ina usta njulaagu keeriiɗo, ɗum addani ɗum ustude njulaagu, hay so tawii noon daraniiɓe ɗum ɓee ina njetta Obasanjo ngam dartinde diisnondiral kaalis so renndinaama e ardiiɓe mum. Politikuuji nder leydi O (Obasanjo) jokki e ƴamol jaŋde leslesre winndereyankoore e nder leydi Najeriya, politik ronkaama e Gowon. O naatini sariya jaŋde leslesre e hitaande 1976 ; hakkunde 1975–76 e 1979–80, binnditagol e duɗe leslese ɗe njoɓaaka kono ɗe njiɗaa, ɓeydiima gila e miliyoŋaaji 6 haa 12,5 miliyoŋ, hay so tawii noon jannginooɓe e kaɓirɗe ina ŋakki ngam waawde huutoraade ɗaɓɓaande ndee. E hitaande jaŋde 1977–78, Obasanjo naatni jaŋde hakkundeere nde alaa ko yoɓetee e fannuuji karallaagal, huunde nde yaajnaa e denndaangal jaŋde hakkundeere e hitaande 1979–80. E oon sahaa gooto, leydi Naajeeriya ustii kaalis jaŋde toownde ; e hitaande 1978 nde woppi rokkude ñamaale almudɓe, nde ɓeydi fotde laabi tati njoɓdi nguura e hoɗorde duɗe jaaɓi haaɗtirde. Seppooji janngooɓe mbaɗi e nder gure keewɗe, waɗii warngooji baɗnooɗi e nder wuro Lagos e Zaria. E nder jaabawol fitinaaji ɗii, Obasanjo udditi duɗe jaaɓi-haaɗtirde keewɗe, haɗi golle politik e nder duɗe jaaɓi-haaɗtirde, haɗi kadi fedde janngooɓe leydi Najeriya. Tiiɗnaare ɗeen peeje ina gasa tawa ko sabu tuumeede wonde fitinaaji almudɓe ɗii ina njokkondiri e kuudetaa militeer peewnaaɗo e lewru feebariyee 1978. Obasanjo ina mettini e jikkuuji almudɓe seppooɓe ɓee, o wiyi wonde ɗum ina hollita ruttaade e nafooje aadaaji ko wayi no hormaade almudɓe. Ngam batte ɓamtaare laamu Naajeeriya, leydi ndi yi’i ɓamtaare mawnde nder kuuɗe laamu. Seedeeji peeñii ko feewti e fenaande mawnde e nder laamu leydi ndii, tee, so tawii tuume ɗee ina keewi waɗeede e Obasanjo e hoore mum, alaa seedeeji tiiɗɗi peeñi. Ngam haɗde natal njulaagu e nder laamu, laamu Obasanjo haɗii huutoraade otooji Mercedes ngam waɗde otooji laamu, e lomtaade ɗum en, ɓe mbaɗti heen otooji Peugeot 504 ɓurɗi hoybude Naatgol champagne kadi haɗaama. E ƴaañde taƴgol konu, laamu Obasanjo yiyri 12 000 soldaat ina ndartinaa e nder duuɓi 1976 e 1977. Ɗee konu njalti ko e nokkuuji kesi ngam wallitde ɗum en e jokkondirde e nguurndam siwil en. Obasanjo kadi ina tuuma wonde ko kañum woni sabaabu ƴaañgol politik. E nder yeewtere wootere maantiniinde, koɗorɗe jimoowo e daraniiɗo politik Najeriya biyeteeɗo Fela Kuti, Republique Kalakuta, yani, yani haa laaɓi, caggal nde tergal e fedde makko hawri e yimɓe konu. Fela e ɓesngu mum piyi, njuppaa, yumma mum mawɗo, daraniiɗo politik e yumma mum sosɗo Chief Funmilayo Ransome Kuti, werlaa e windo. Ɗum addani mo gaañiiɓe no feewi, haa arti noon e maayde makko. Fela caggal ɗuum nawti kees to galle hooreejo leydi ndii e oon sahaa to Dodan Barracks to Lagos ngam salaade ƴaañde laamu nguu e politik. Politik caggal leydi Hooreejo leydi Amerik biyeteeɗo Jimmy Carter ina wondi e Obasanjo e njillu mum to leydi Najeriya e hitaande 1978 Obasanjo ina yiɗi tabitinde leydi Najeriya no ardorde mawnde e nder Afrik nii, e nder laamu makko, doole mum e nder duunde nde ɓeydiima. O ummini dabare Gowon ngam waɗugo julde ɗiɗaɓre nder duuniyaaru ngam naalankaaku e pinal ɓaleeɓe e afriknaajo haa lesdi Naajeeriya; ɗum waɗi ko to Lagos e lewru feebariyee 1977, hay so tawii noon ñaawooɓe nder leydi ndii mbiyi ko ɗum huunde nde alaa ko nafata. Obasanjo hokkii ɗuuɗal teddungal dow Dental Faggudu lesɗe Afrik Hirnaange (ECOWAS) nden o mettini ɗuuɗɓe nder terɗe maako ɗemngal Farayse ɓaawo o wi'i, bana no Naajeeriya ɓuri wallugo ceede ngam hukuuma kan, Naajeeriya foti jaɓɓaago hukuumaaji pamari ɗin haa Lagos. Jokkondiral e Ganaa ɓadiiɗo kadi ustii ; e hitaande 1979, leydi Nijeer taƴii petroŋ e nder leydi ndii ngam salaade warngooji luulndiiɓe politik ɗi laamu kesu ngu Jerry Rawlings wari. E laamu Obasanjo, Naajeeriya ustii jokkondiral mum juutngal e leydi Angalteer, ɓeydi jokkondirde e leyɗeele dentuɗe Amerik. Obasanjo ina yiɗi laamu hooreejo leydi Amerik biyeteeɗo Jimmy Carter, cuɓaaɗo e hitaande 1976, sabu Carter ina joginoo darnde tiiɗnde ngam tabitinde laamu ɓurngu heewde e Afrik worgo. Ambasadeer Carter to leydi Nijeer, hono Andrew Young, waɗii sehilaagal tiiɗngal e Obasanjo, Carter yilliima leydi Nijeer e hitaande 1978. Kono tan, kuulal ngam waylude alkule ɗee waɗiraa ko ngam dalillaaji laaɓtuɗi, wonaa miijooji ; yiytude petroŋ e nder maayo worgo firti ko Angalteer wontii ƴaañoowo wonaa soodoowo petroŋ Nijeer.Laamu Obasanjo kadi ina mettini heen no feewi nde Angalteer salii yoɓde Gowon, ina sikka wonde laamu Angalteer ina waawi wonde e kuudetaa mo Murtala waɗi. Ngam ɗeeɗoo hujjaaji, e hitaande 1976 nde miijii dartinde jokkondiral dipolomaasi e Angalteer, kono haa jooni nde dartinaani. Obasanjo noon saliima yahde Angalteer, o semmbini ardiiɓe makko waɗde ɗum. Jokkondiral ngal ɓeydii bonde nde Margaret Thatcher wonti gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi Angalteer e hitaande 1979, o fuɗɗii waɗde feere ɓurnde welde e njuɓɓudi laamu ɓaleeɓe tokosɓe to Rodesi e Afrik worgo. E nder jaabawol ngol, Naajeeriya nanngi laanawol ndiyam lesdi Naajeeriya, ngol ɓe tammi ɗon nastina petrol Naajeeriya haa lesdi Naajeeriya, ɓe haɗi hukuumaaji pamari Biritaniya ngam heɓugo kuuɗe Naajeeriya, ɓe nastini kuuɗe BP haa lesdi Naajeeriya. Obasanjo ina yiɗi kadi yaawnaade joofnude laamu ɓaleeɓe tokosɓe e nder Afrik worgo ; e wiyde Iliffe, ɗum wonti « cakkital politik makko caggal leydi ». Naajeeriya hokki ballal ngam haɓugo bee laamu daneeji nder diiwal ngal, hokki hukuumaaji pamari ɗi'i uddita birooji haa Lagos, nden hokki hukuumaaji pamari ɗin ɗon hokka mooɓgal feere-feere dogguɓe laamuuji lesdi Afrika fombinaari. E ƴettude peeje tiiɗɗe ngam haɓaade laamu apartaayd to Afrik worgo, Obasanjo hollitii wonde Nijeer naatataa e Olimpiyaaji 1976 sabu leydi Nuwel Selannde, tawtoraaɗo kawgel ngel, ina joginoo jokkondiral e Afrik worgo, leydi ndi haɗaa tawtoreede kawgel ngel sabu apartaayd. E hitaande 1977, Obasanjo haɗi kala kontraaji jokkondirɗi e Afrik worgo golloraade e nder leydi Nijeer ; sosiyateeji mawɗi ɗi njippii ɗii ko petroŋ Angalteer e Banke Barclays. E ndeen hitaande kadi, leydi Nijeer yuɓɓinii batu Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe ngam haɓaade apartaayd to Lagos, Obasanjo yilliima Amerik e lewru oktoobar ɗo o wiyi leydi ndii yo woppu yeeyde kaɓirɗe to Afrik worgo. Nde o woni nder leydi ndi'i o wolwi haa kawtal hoore lesdi ndi'i nden asaweeje ɗiɗi ɓaawo man Naajeeriya heɓi jooɗorde nder kawtal lesdi ndi'i. Fiilde Margaret Thatcher e hitaande 1979 ngam wonde gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi Angalteer, addani jokkondiral Angalteer e Niiseer bonnude ; Obasanjo miijii ko o yurmeende no feewi e laamuuji daneeji tokoosi e nder Afrik worgo Luulndaade laamu ɓaleeɓe tokosɓe e nder leydi Rodesi, addaniino hare Bush e nder leydi Rodesi, laamu Obasanjo ina jokki e wiyde wonde ko hare balɗe tan woni feere ngam foolde laamu Rodesi. O hirjinii ngootaagu hakkunde pelle ceertuɗe luulndiiɗe laamu toon, o wiyi Robert Mugabe, hooreejo ZANU, yo jaɓ ardaade luulndiiɗo makko, hono Joshua Nkomo mo ZAPU. E hitaande 1977, Angalteer e Amerik ciifi eɓɓaaɗe ngam waylude laamu ɓurngu heewde e Rodesi, e nder yonta mo leydi ndii woni e les njiimaandi doole Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe. Obasanjo jaɓii eɓɓaande ndee, o yilliima Tansani, Sammbi, Mosammbik, e Republiik Demokaratik Konngo ngam wiyde laamuuji mum en yo mbaɗ noon. Kono caggal nde Thatcher wonti gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi Angalteer, leydi Nijeer woɗɗitii hoore mum e darnde Angalteer ngam haɗde wolde Bush Rhodesian, o woppitaa kala darnde teeŋtunde e nder golle ɗe Angalteer waɗi, ɗe ngaddani wooteeji demokaraasi ɗi leƴƴi keewɗi mbaɗi e hitaande... Ko o hooreejo leydi, Obasanjo tawtoraama batuuji OAU. E oon sahaa yuɓɓinaa e lewru sulyee 1977, o eɓɓi sosde goomu jooɗiiɗo ngam haɓaade luural hakkunde leyɗeele jeyaaɗe e OAU. E batu 1978, o jeertinii wonde banngeeji ɗiɗi ɗii fof ina poti naatde e wolde huuɓtodinnde. E nder batu garoowo oo, o wiyi yo konu Pan-Afriknaajo sose, baawɗo waɗde golle ngam hisnude jam e nder duunde he. Ngam ɓamtuki darnde lesdi Naajeeriya nder duuniyaaru, Obasanjo nasti nder kuuɗe feere-feere ɗe lesdi Naajeeriya nder Afrika fuu. E hitaande 1977, o heɓtinii Benin e Togo yoo ndartin luural hakkunde keeri mum en, nguddita keeri mum en. O etinooma kadi haɓaade luural hakkunde leyɗeele keewɗe Fuɗnaange Afrik, o haɗa ɗum kadi ruttaade e Dental Fuɗnaange Afrik, kono o dañii heen caɗeele. Ko o hooreejo goomu jokkondire OAU, o etinooma jokkondire Ogaden hakkunde Ecoppi e Somali kono kadi o dañaani. O waawaano kadi feewnude luural peeñngal hakkunde Angalteer e leydi Konngo. E innde OAU, Obasanjo waɗii batu to Kano ngam haɓaade hare hakkunde leyɗeele Caad. Feddeeji keewɗi njaɓii darnude wolde, sosde laamu ngootaagu ngenndi, e accude konu leydi Najeriya ina waɗa jam. Hare nden noon jokki, Naajeeriya jaabtii e taƴde petroŋ mum to Caad. Koolol ɗiɗmol ko faati e hare ndee waɗii to Lagos e lewru ut 1979, ɗum addani laamu nguu sosde laamu nguu, ngu juutaani. E hitaande sakkitiinde e laamu makko konu, o ardii golle OAU ngam safrude wolde Saharaa hirnaange. Jaltugol laamu Laamu militeer en hawri ko e goomu ƴettugol doosɗe leydi ngam ƴettude doosgal kesal potngal huutoreede e nder mbayliigu laamu siwil. Goomu nguu hollitii wonde Naajeeriya ina foti waylude laamu mum, ngu tuugii ko e laamu parlemaa leydi Angalteer, ngu tuugnii e laamu hooreejo leydi Amerik, ɗo hooreejo leydi gooto cuɓaaɗo woni hooreejo leydi e hooreejo laamu. Ngam haɗude oo hooreejo leydi wontude diktatoor, hono no waɗirnoo e nokkuuji goɗɗi e nder Afrik nii, o ɗaɓɓi ƴeewndorɗe keewɗe e doole maɓɓe, haa arti noon e njuɓɓudi fedde nde, ɗo juɓɓule cuɓaaɗe keertiiɗe ngoni ɗoo e to bannge fedde, to bannge dowri, to bannge nokkuuji. Eɓɓaande doosgal leydi ndii yaltinaa ko e lewru oktoobar 1976, nde yeewtidaa e yeeso yimɓe fof e hitaande aroore ndee.Asamblee doosgal leydi hawri ngam yeewtidde e eɓɓaande doosgal leydi ndii e lewru oktoobar 1977. Asaambele leydi ndii ina jokki e ƴeewde hol darnde nde sariya sharia rokkata e nder doosgal leydi ndii. Obasanjo noddii dental ngal, o jeertini ɓe batte kuulal ngal ɓe mbaɗi e renndo, o wiyi ɓe yo ɓe ƴettu jikkuuji ɓurɗi moƴƴude. E lewru suwee 1978, Diiso toowngo konu (Conseil suprême militaire) habri doosɗe leydi kese ɗee ; nde waɗiino waylooji keewɗi e mbaydi ndi asaambele doosgal leydi ndii ƴetti. Yanti e doosgal kesal ngal, Obasanjo itti haɗde lanndaaji politik. Ndeen pelle keewɗe mbaɗii ngam tawtoreede wooteeji garooji ɗii, ko ɓuri teeŋtude heen ko lannda ngootaagu Yoruba, lannda yimɓe Naajeeriya, e lannda ngenndiijo Naajeeriya. Obasanjo mettini heen no feewi nde tawnoo heewɓe e dawriyankooɓe ina mbaɗa fodoore nde ɓe mbaawataa ɗooftaade. Woote ɗee mbaɗi ko e nder lewru sulyee e lewru ut 1979. Wootooɓe ɓee ina pamɗi, ko hakkunde 30 e 40% e wootooɓe winnditiiɓe e sariya, tee ina waɗi fenaande banngeeji keewɗi, hay so tawii noon ko jam. Wonno ko jeewte ko fayti e hol keɓɗo woote hooreleydaagu, Obasanjo salii ñaawde, o wiyi yo Komisariyaa woote ƴetta oon darnde.Ɓe kollitii wonde Shehu Shagari woni keɓɗo, huunde nde gardiiɗo ɗiɗaɓo oo, hono Obafemi Awolowo, luulndii to Ñaawirde Toownde, tawi o dañaani heen nafoore. Shagari ƴetti laamu ko e lewru oktoobar 1979 ; e nder kewu udditgol makko, Obasanjo rokki Shagari koppi doosgal leydi kesal. Ko ɗum woni fuɗɗoode Republique ɗiɗaɓere leydi Najeriya. Darnde Obasanjo nder wartirki lesdi Naajeeriya haa laamu siwil, ɗum laatoto darnde woore nde o jogi nder duuɓi cappanɗe ɗiɗi garooji. Kono yimɓe heewɓe e nder leydi ndii e caggal leydi, ina jeyaa heen hooreejo leydi Zambie, hono Kenneth Kaunda e hooreejo leydi Togo, hono Gnassingbé Eyadéma, ina ɗaɓɓi e makko yo o heddo e laamu. Jaɓde makko wallitde Awolowo, banndiiko Yoruba, addani mo gaño ko heewi e elite Yoruba. Awolowo tuumi Obasanjo ko kanko woni orkestraaji Shagari, huunde nde Obasanjo yeddi no feewi. Ko adii laamu (1979-1999) Ko adii nde o yaltata laamu, e lewru abriil 1979, Obasanjo ƴetti hoore mum e darnde seneraal ; ko o seneraal koode nay o jokki e heɓde njoɓdi dowla. Nde o woppi golle e lewru oktoobar, o arti Abeokuta. Caggal nde o waɗi kursus jonte jeegom to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde heblo ndema, Obasanjo ƴetti hoore mum e ndema, omo ɗaminii waɗde yeru e hirjinde ƴellitaare ndema. O heɓi ko famɗi fof 230 ektaar leydi to Ota ngam sosde ngesa makko, o naati ɗoon e galle ngesa birik. Wonno ko gaññeeje nokkuyankooje e dañde leydi ndi haa heewi, ñaawirɗe keewɗe ngaddaama e makko sabu ɗuum. Golle makko ndema yuɓɓinaama e fedde makko wiyeteende Temperance, caggal ɗuum o inniri ɗum « Obasanjo’s Farms Limited ». O waɗti heen hakkille teeŋtuɗo e ndema colli ; e cakkital kitaale 1980, ngesa makko ina ɓuuɓna 140 000 cukalel e yontere. O sosi kadi gese e nder gure goɗɗe to bannge worgo-fuɗnaange, e hitaande 1987 gese makko ina njogii ko ina tolnoo e 400 gollotooɗo e nokkuuji jeetati. Hono no yimɓe Yoruba woɗɓe lolluɓe nii, Obasanjo ina wallitnoo almudɓe miskineeɓe to duɗal makko ɓooyngal to Abeokuta. Obasanjo ɓeydii ñiŋde laamu siwil Shagari, o wiyi hooreejo leydi ndii ina famɗi semmbe, ina ŋakkiraa peeje. Naajeeriya nasti nder ɓillaaji faggudu ngam waylaaki coggu petrol nder duuniyaaru. E lewru mee 1983, mawɓe konu ɗaɓɓiri Obasanjo nde ƴettata laamu leydi ndii kadi, kono o salii. E lewru desaambar, ɓe liɓi Shagari tawi Obasanjo alaa heen, e nder kuudetaa mo yiyaani fitinaaji seeɗa. Muhammadu Buhari laati hooreejo lesdi sooje'en keso. Obasanjo fuɗɗii wallugo laamu Buhari, o wi'i demokaraasi wakiili'en ɗon ƴaɓɓitoo haa lesdi Naajeeriya. O yetti Buhari ngam haɓugo bee cemmbiɗinki lesdi, o ɗon mari feccere nder nastirde lesdi, nden o ɗon wartira budget booɗɗum. E lewru ut 1985, Buhari kadi liɓaama, hooreejo konu Ibraahiima Babangida ƴetti laamu. Obasanjo ina ñiŋa won e peeje faggudu ɗe Babangida waɗi, haa arti noon e ustude njoɓdi naira. E hitaande 1992, luulndaare makko e laamu Babangida addani mo noddude yo leydi Najeriya artire demokaraasi. O fuɗɗii kadi salaade politikaaji faggudu (indigenisation) e kitaale 1970, o wiyi doosɗe leydi ina poti haɗde ƴettugol jawdi caggal leydi. E nder ɗuum, o sikki laamu nguu ina foti teeŋtinde ƴellitaare nde laamu nguu ardii. O ɓeydii hulɓinaade ko ɓeydagol yimɓe, toɓɓere nde o yejjitaani nde o woni e laamu, o wiyi Naajeeriyankooɓe yo njogo ɓesnguuji tokoosi "ngam nafoore faggudu maɓɓe e renndo-faggudu ngenndi". E nder duuɓi sappo e go’o caggal nde Obasanjo woppi laamu, o yaltinii defte nay. E hitaande 1980, Obasanjo wonnoo ko tedduɗo to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Ibadan, ɗo o winndi deftere wiyeteende My Command, daartol ko faati e geɗe makko e nder wolde hakkunde leyɗeele ; nde yalti ko e lewru noowammbar ndeen hitaande. Won e janngooɓe ñiŋii ko ɓe njiyri ko Obasanjo ina ŋakkira Murtala Muhammed, Robert Adeyinka Adebayo, mawɗo politik Yoruba, wiyi yo deftere ndee yaltine ngam haɗde nde aawde feccere. Ƴeewirde ɓurnde moƴƴude ndee waɗi ko sehil makko, hono Ken Saro-Wiwa, o innitiri ɗum masterly kono o sikki ko ɗum waɗi ballal rewindaade no feewi. E hitaande 1987, o yaltini Nzeogwu, deftere ciimtol sehil makko Chukwuma Nzeogwu, mo o gollodtonoo to Konngo. Hitaande 1989, deftere Obasanjo yaltini, wiyeteende Doosgal leydi ngam naatgol e ƴellitaare, nde o jeertini e hujjaaji Babangida ngam sosde laamu lanndaaji ɗiɗi e nder leydi Najeriya. E hitaande 1990, deftere makko tataɓere, wiyeteende Not my volonté yalti. Nde rokki ciimtol sahaa nde o laaminoo leydi ndii. Golle hakkunde leyɗeele: 1979-1993 E hitaande 1986 Obasanjo jokkondiri e Nelson Manndelaa. O hollitii wonde "ko kawral ngal meeɗaa yejjiteede. Mi yiyii e [Mandelaa] Afriknaajo worgo, ko Afriknaajo tigi rigi, kadi ko gardiiɗo winndere mo alaa ko woni e mum. O ɓuri ardiiɓe ɓe min kawri e mum en e nder Afrik worgo ɓee fof." E yiɗde jogaade semmbe e dingiral winnderewal, Obasanjo udditi Fedde Ardorde Afrik e nder ngesa mum Ota. Tuggi 1981 haa 1982, o jooɗiima kadi e Komiseer Palme, fedde nde gonnooɗo gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi Suwed, hono Olof Palme ardii, yeewtidnde ko fayti e ustude kaɓirɗe e kisal winndere. Obasanjo rewi heen ko e jeyeede e goomuuji nannduɗi e ɗii ɗoo, wonande Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe, Fedde Adunaare Cellal, e Goomu hakkunde-leyɗeewu ardiiɓe laamuuji ɓooyɗi. Nde Javier Pérez de Cuéllar, hooreejo Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe rafi, Obasanjo hiisetee ko potɗo lomtaade mo. Caggal nde Pérez de Cuéllar holliti woppii laamu, Obasanjo fuɗɗii kampaañ ngam lomtaade mo. E woote Goomu Kisal Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe, o woni tataɓo, tawi ko Boutros Boutros-Ghali, Ejiptnaajo, ƴetti darnde ndee. O yalti galle makko e njilluuji keewɗi; e hitaande 1986 o yilliima Japon, e hitaande 1987 o yilliima U.S. E nder luural hakkunde leyɗeele dentuɗe Amerik ngam yiɗde ɓurde yooɗde e Afrik worgo, nanondiraama wonde fedde wiyeteende Eminent Persons Group (EPG) ina sosee ngam fuɗɗoraade kaaldigal e laamu Afrik worgo ngam wallitde ɗum e ustude apartaayd. E dow wasiyaaji cukko hooreejo leydi Naajeeriya, hono Emeka Anyaoku, Obasanjo suɓaama ngam ardaade fedde nde e wonndude e gonnooɗo gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi Ostarali, hono Malcolm Fraser. Obasanjo jaɓi e dow fenaande. E lewru feebariyee 1986, kanko e Fraser ɓe njahi to wuro wiyeteengo Cape Town ɗo ɓe naamndii ngam hawritde e Nelson Manndelaa, daraniiɗo apartaayd, tergal mawngal e nder fedde wiyeteende Congres National Africaine (ANC) haɗaande. Ko Obasanjo tan yamiraa jokkondirde e Manndelaa ; o wiyi caggal ɗuum wonde omo weltii e makko no feewi. Ndeen Obasanjo hawrii e mawɓe ANC wonɓe e egguɓe to Lusaka. E lewru marse 1986, EPG oo fof yilliima Afrik worgo, e nder yonta mo jiiɓru e fitinaaji nder galleeji ɓeydii mawnude.Ko ɗoon ɓe kawri e mawɓe laamu nguu, ina jeyaa heen gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi ndii hono P. W. Botha, mo Obasanjo siftini caggal ɗuum wonde ko neɗɗo ɓurɗo muñde mo meeɗaa hawrude. Ciimtol EPG ngol hollitii wonde, so tawii ko ɓuri heewde e yimɓe Afrik worgo ina njiɗi nanondiral ngal alaa ko bonnata hakkunde laamu nguu e pelle luulndiiɗe apartaayd, gadano oo yiɗaa miijaade ɗum, tee alaa ko yahri yeeso no feewi ngam joofnude apartaayd. EPG noon hollitii wonde ina haani ɓeydaade tiiɗnaade e nder winndere ndee. Goomu Commonwealth jaɓii ko ciimtol ngol holliti, tawi Angalteer ina luulndii ɗum ; ɗum addani Obasanjo ɓeydaade mettinde Thatcher. Ndeen Commonwealth yamirii mo yo o ardo goomu ngam yuurnitaade ko Dowlaaji Dentuɗi ɗii poti daranaade koye mum en e njiimaandi Afrik worgo. Caggal nde Botha lomtinaa F. W. de Klerk, ooɗoo ɗiɗaɓo yaltini Manndelaa kasoo. Ina jeyaa e ɗanle Mandelaa gadane caggal leydi, to Niiseer, ɗo o yilli Obasanjo to galle mum. Lebbi ɗiɗi caggal ɗuum, Obasanjo ardii delegaasiyoŋ Najeriya to Afrik worgo ngam yeewtidde e yimɓe mawɓe politik. E lewru suwee 1991, o yilliima kadi, o wiyi hooreejo Zulu en, hono Mangosuthu Buthelezi, yo waɗ kaaldigal e pelle goɗɗe ngam wallitde dartinde apartaayd e waɗde woote timmuɗe. Obasanjo kadi golliima e ƴellitaare nokkuuji goɗɗi e nder Afrik. O yilliima Angalteer laabi ɗiɗi e nder hitaande 1988, o wallitii e darnde ngam joofnude wolde hakkunde leyɗeele toon. O yilliima kadi Sudaan laabi tati hakkunde 1987 e 1989, tawi o dañaani heen nafoore, o hirjinii kaaldigal ngam joofnude wolde ɗiɗmere Sudaan. Ndeen o wonii ƴeewoowo e wooteeji gardagol leydi Mosammbik e hitaande 1994. E hitaande 1994 e 1995, o yilliima Burundi, o golliima ngam deeƴnude caɗeele hakkunde leƴƴi Hutu en e Tutsi en. O fuɗɗinooma noddude jokkondiral ɓurngal ɓadaade e nder Afrik, o wiyi ɗum ina waawi heɓtineede e sosde feddeeji jeegom diiwaanuuji. E lewru suwee 1987, o ƴettiino peeje ngam yuɓɓinde Fedde Ardorde Afrik, nde wallitta rokkude karallaagal e heblo wonande politikaaji ummoriiɗi e duunde he kala. Nde fuɗɗii waɗde batuuji, anndiraaɗi « Dialogues de la maison de la ferme » , gila e galle Obasanjo fotde laabi jeegom e nder hitaande. Kadi nde waɗii batuuji winndereeji kala lewru, nde yaltinii jaaynde kala lewru, wiyeteende “Forum Afrique” hakkunde 1991 e 1993. Haɓde e Abacha: 1992-1995 Obasanjo hollitii kulhuli mum, sibu, hay so tawii o wiyi ina wallita gartugol demokaraasi, Babangida alaa ko anniyaaki so wonaa woppude laamu konu. Caggal nde wooteeji gardagol leydi ndi ndarnaa e hitaande 1992, Obasanjo e Anthony Enahoro ndarni fedde ngam demokaraasi e laamu moƴƴu e nder leydi Najeriya. Joɗnde adannde fedde ndee hawri ko e 31 neɗɗo politik nder leydi to Ota e lewru mee 1993. Wooteeji mbaɗi caggal ɗuum e lewru suwee 1993, tawi yimɓe seeɗa tawtoraama. Moshood Abiola mo lannda Social Democratic (SDP) heɓi, kono Babangida ndeen woppii njeñtudi woote ɗee, fodaniino woote ɗiɗmere ko ɓooyaani. SDP salii kala woote ɗiɗmere nde tawnoo ɓe mbiyi ko kanndidaa maɓɓe heɓiino woote gadane ɗee. Ndeen Babangida jaɓii woppude laamu ngam suɓaade laamu siwil jooɗiiɗo, ngu Ernest Shonekan ardii, ngu heɓi laamu e lewru ut 1993, ngu ƴetti peeje ngam waɗde wooteeji kesi e lewru feebariyee 1994. Seneraal Sani Abacha siftinii gooto e gorko gooto, mo wondude e do-gooders woɗɓe, eɓɓi ñaamde wumre ndee. Heddiiɓe ɓee mbayliima tan, oo Samariyanke nannduɗo e moƴƴo [...] arti ngam ƴettude pot suukara e juuɗe wumre ndee ngam hoore mum. Kadi, ko ɓuri heewde e men Nijeernaaɓe, ko en ƴeewooɓe, en mbeltiima. E nder kala sababuuji, ŋakkaani tawtoraaɓe e ñaamde ndee. Kadi ɓe ngoppaani batte moraal. — Obasanjo, e dow kuudetaa Sani Abacha, hitaande 1994 E oon sahaa, Sani Abacha tiiɗtinii doole mum e konu, e lewru noowammbar 1993, o felliti Shonekan yo woppu laamu, o acci hoore makko ƴettude laamu. Obasanjo noddiino Abacha ko adii kuudetaa oo, ina ñaagii ɗum nde woppataa ngalɗoo laawol. Caggal nde Abacha heɓti laamu, o wiyi Obasanjo yo jokkondir e makko. Ko sakkitii koo waɗii, kono salii wallitde laamu Abacha haa nde anndini ñalngu ngu yaltata e hoore mum. Ndeen Abacha momtii lanndaaji politik gonɗi ɗii e juɓɓule demokaraasiije, o noddi politikaaji ummoriiɗi e nokkuuji ceertuɗi yo naata e Diisnondiral makko Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe ; Obasanjo salii toɗɗaade hay gooto e ndeeɗoo diiso. Obasanjo fuɗɗi jeertinde wonde Naajeeriya ina yahra e wolde hakkunde leyɗeele woɗnde e nder feccere leƴƴi, e lewru mee 1994 kanko e Yar'Adua ɓe ndarni fedde wiyeteende National Unity Promoters, fedde daraniinde haɗde ndeeɗoo feere. E lewru Juko, Abiola anndini hoore mum hooreejo lesdi Naajeeriya, nden o nanngaama ngam janfa. Hay so tawii Obasanjo saliima jaɓde haala Abiola, o wasiyiima Abacha nde woppataa ɗum. Ndeen o ardiima fedde ardiiɓe aadaaji e batu ngu ɓe ndarni ngam fuɗɗoraade kaaldigal hakkunde Abacha e Abiola. Jaɓugo maako wallugo Abiola mettini Yoruba'en ɗuuɗɓe, jawdi Obasanjo haa lesdi Yoruba'en ɗon ƴama.Obasanjo mettini bee ko o yi'i bana jukkungo ngam o wallitaako nafuuda sectari'en Yoruba'en. E lewru marse 1995, Obasanjo ina wonnoo to leydi Danemark ngam tawtoreede batu Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe ngam ɓamtaare renndo to Kopenhag. Nde o woni ton, o nani Yar'Adua nanngaama, malla o heɓan bana non to o warti Naajeeriya. O wiyi noon o wiyi alaa ko o waɗi, o felliti hootde. Waɗi sahaa gooto to Aeroport Lagos, passport makko nanngaa, janngo mum, polis ƴetti mo e galle makko Ota. Polis tuumi Obasanjo ina jokkondiri e kuudetaa mo Abacha waɗi, mo kolonel Lawan Gwadabe yuɓɓini. Obasanjo nawtaama hakkunde nokkuuji deentorɗi ceertuɗi, tawi gonnooɗo hooreejo leydi Amerik hono Carter e hoore mum jokkondirii e Abacha ngam ɗaɓɓude yo Obasanjo woppe. Ndeen Obasanjo artiraama to Ota, o waɗtaa e kasoo fotde lebbi ɗiɗi, e nder ɗuum o haɗaama heɓde jaayɗe, telefoŋ, walla njilluuji. Goɗɗo e tuumaaɗo wonde ina jeyaa e kuudetaa oo, hono Kolonel RSB Bello-Fadile, awokaa konu, ina wondi e caɗeele, e nder ɗuum o siifondiri e bayyinaango wonde o yahiino to Ota ngam humpitaade Obasanjo ko fayti e kuudetaa oo no woniri e peewnugol. Ɗum huutoraama ngam seedeeji ngam ñaawde Obasanjo e suuɗde fenaande, ko ɗum huunde nde sariyaaji leydi Najeriya mbaɗi.Ndeen o nawaama to nokku naamne kisal leydi ndii to Ikoyi. Abacha wiyi yo Obasanjo ñaawe e yeeso ñaawirdu konu, ñaawirdu nduu waɗi ñalnde 19 suwee 1995. E nder ñaawoore ndee, Obasanjo yedditii wonde RSB Bello-Fadile meeɗaa hawrude e makko. RSB Bello-Fadile kadi hollitii wonde o siifondirii e bayyinaango ngo Obasanjo jogori waɗde e dow doole, kono ñaawirdu nduu saliima ndeeɗoo ruttaade. Ñalnde 14 sulyee, ñaawirde ndee ñaawi Obasanjo duuɓi 25 kasoo ; Yar'Adua e woɗɓe sappo e nayo kadi tuumaaɗo wonde e nder fedde nde, ñaawaama warngo.Obasanjo caggal ɗuum noddi ɗum "ñalngu mum ɓurngu mettude". Caggal nde hooreejo leydi Amerik biyeteeɗo Bill Clinton holliti wonde leydi mum ina jogori haɗde petroŋ leydi Naajeeriya so tawii ɗeen warngooji mbaɗii, Abacha wayli ñaawoore maɓɓe, o ustii ñaawoore Obasanjo haa duuɓi 15. Kasoo: 1995-1998 Obasanjo waɗi lebbi nay garooji ɗii ko e nokku biyeteeɗo Ikoyi Centre, ɗo o fuɗɗii nanngeede e nder kasoo gooto. Ndeen o nawaama to kasoo mawɗo Lagos, Kirikiri, ɗo o woni e opitaal kasoo ngam rafi hipertension e jabet. Sarɗiiji Kirikiri ina keewi, ina ŋakki, Obasanjo wiyi wonde « yiɗaa ɗum e gaño am ɓurɗo bonde ». Ko ɗoon RSB Bello-Fadile ñaagii Obasanjo yaafuya sabu mum ƴattaade ɗum, Obasanjo yaafni ɗum. Ndeen winndannde nde RSB Bello-Fadile winndi ngam humpitaade ngonka kaa, yaltinaama e kasoo, yaltinaa, wallitii hollirde wonde Obasanjo alaa ko o waɗi. Caggal jonte keewɗe, Obasanjo e woɗɓe tuumaaɓe waɗde fedde ndee, njaltinaama to kasoo Jos to diiwaan hakkundeejo, to diiwaan Plateau ɗo ɓe ngoni lebbi keewɗi. Obasanjo fuɗɗinoo hokkaama tan ko Biibal e Quraana ngam janngude, kono seeɗa-seeɗa o acci binndi ɓurɗi yaajde. Binndol kadi ina rokka mo, ina addana mo jokkondirde e yimɓe e juɓɓule ceertuɗe, haa jooni Stella ina jaɓa yillaade mo lewru kala laawol gootol. Mandelaa e Pape Jean Paul II fof noddii yo o woppe, tawi noon sosiyeteeji Inndo e Almaañ fof ina ndokki mo njeenaaje winndereeje.Forum ardorde Afrik yaltinii defte ɗiɗi ɓataakeeji e binndanɗe binndaaɗe ngam teddinde mo ; Forum oo e hoore mum dogiino ummoraade Accra to Ganaa ngam daɗde e tooñanngeeji laamu Abacha. E fuɗɗoode hitaande 1996, Obasanjo ummiima Jos, fayti e kasoo ɓurɗo woɗɗude to Yola, to diiwaan Adamawa. Ko ɗoon o jaɓaa remde gesa.[194] Obasanjo hollitii wonde e nder kasoo o ɓeydii luggiɗde e goonɗinal makko e Kerecee’en, o ɓadtii Alla,[194] o wonti Kerecee’en jibinaaɗo.[195] Gila ndeen, diine kerecee en ina joginoo darnde ɓurnde mawnude e nder yi’annde makko aduna. To Yola, o waajii 28 waaju yontere kala caggal nde jaagorɗe njilluuji ndartinaa e wakkati seeɗa. O winndi ɗeen waajuuji, o acci ɗi njaltina nde o yalti.[195] Obasanjo kadi etinooma moƴƴinde yoga e sukaaɓe kasoo, rewrude e yahrude yeeso maɓɓe nde o wonti neɗɗo dimo.[196] Obasanjo hulii wonde maa o tooke, haa teeŋti noon e nder haalaaji renndo wonde maayde Yar'adua ko tooke anniya.[197] Abacha sankii ɗoon e ɗoon e lewru suwee 1998, caggal ɗuum komanndaaji konu nguu toɗɗii Seneraal Major Abdulsalaami Abubakar lomto makko. Yontere caggal mum, Abubakar yamiri yo Obasanjo woppe, o neldi laana ndiwoowa ngam artirde mo to Ota.[197] E yiɗde wartirde leydi Naajeeriya e laamu siwil, Abubakar fusi lanndaaji e juɓɓule leydi ndi gonɗe heen ɗee, o anndini peeje ɗe ngaddanta hooreejo leydi siwil toɗɗaade e lewru mee 1999.[198] Kampaañ ngam suɓaade hooreejo leydi : 1998-1999 Jooni ko o neɗɗo dimo, Obasanjo yahiino Afrik worgo, Angalteer, e Amerik, ɗo o safraa.[199] Lanndaaji politik kesi ina mbaɗa e nder leydi Najeriya, gooto e ɓurɓe mawnude e majji ko lannda Demokaraasi Leƴƴi (PDP), fedde nde yiɗnoo ko yaajde no feewi, so tawii ko e laamu, nde haɗata kuudetaaji garooji.[199] Terɗe PDP mawɗe ndartinii Obasanjo ngam wonde kanndidaa hooreejo leydi. Ɓe cikkatnoo ko omo waawi yamirde teddungal winnderewal, kadi ko o neɗɗo militeer, omo waawi jogaade leydi ndii e dow kuudetaaji garooji e dille seertuɗe. Ɓe mbi'i kadi Naajeeriya ɗon mari haaje hooreejo lesdi fombina ngam foondugo ardungal maako arandewal haa woyla, nden Obasanjo holli hoore maako bana fombina mo walaa ƴamol dow fombina.[200] Sehilaaɓe e ɓesngu ina mbiya yo o dog, mbiyi o bonnat innde makko moƴƴere walla o wara. Obasanjo hollitii wonde o saliima, kono ñalnde 28 lewru nduu o naati e lannda PDP, yontere caggal ɗuum o hollitii wonde o woni ko e waɗde hoore makko ngam wonde kanndidaa hooreejo lannda ka.[201] E nder kampaañ makko, o teeŋtinii yiɗde makko artirde ko o sikki ko ndonu laamu moƴƴu nde o yalti e laamu e hitaande 1979.[202] E nder dingiral mooftugol kaalis, o dañii N356 miliyoŋ, heen N120 miliyoŋ ko njulaagu Aliko Dangote rokki ɗum. Ko ɓuri heewde e ɗeen dokke ummorii ko e worɓe militeer en e njuɓɓudi njulaagu kesiri.[202] O yilliima leydi ndii, o waɗii konnguɗi e ɗaɓɓude heɗtiiɓe e yimɓe teeŋtuɓe ; ƴamde guwerneeruuji dowlaaji ko huunde maantiniinde e mbaadi makko.[203] Kampaañ makko ina ɓuuɓna kampaañ makko mawɗo, hono Alex Ekwueme, mo yimɓe worgo e konu nguu ngoongɗinaani no feewi.[204] PDP ina heɓa leydi e nder leydi Najeriya, ina hollita wonde ko kañum woni lannda ɓurka waawde e nder wooteeji laamu nokkuuji ɗii e lewru Duujal 1998, e wooteeji diiwaanuuji ɗii e lewru Yarkomaa 1999, e wooteeji Senaa e suudu sarɗiiji e lewru Feebariyee 1999.[205] Ñalnde 14 feebariyee 1999, batu PDP noddaa ngam suɓaade kanndidaa mum to hooreejo leydi. Obasanjo heɓi 1 658 woote, Ekwueme heɓi 521, e kanndidaaji joy keddiiɗi ɗii 260.[206] E ɗaɓɓude neɗɗo worgo ngam wonde cukko hooreejo leydi PDP, Obasanjo suɓii Atiku Abubakar.[207] Woote hooreleydaagu mbaɗi ko ñalnde 27 feebariyee ; Ko Olu Falae mo APP tan woni luutndiiɗo Obasanjo. Fotde feccere e fotɓe suɓaade ɓee mbaɗii noon, won heen ko fenaande hay so tawii alaa ko bonnata. Taƴre laawɗunde ndee rokkii Obasanjo 63% e wooteeji ɗii ; ko kanko woni majjuɗo e nder dowlaaji jeegom ɗii fof e nder leydi makko Yoruba.[208] Hooreejo leydi (1999-2007) Manndaa gadano (1999-2003) Siile hooreejo leydi Naajeeriya Caggal nde o riiwti ɗum, Obasanjo naati e nder galle hooreejo leydi to Aso Rock e lewru mee 1999 caggal nde o hunni hooreejo leydi to Eagle Square to Abuja.[209] Nde o toɗɗii laamu maako kesu, o suɓi ministaajo ɗuuɗɗum diga woylaare lesdi Naajeeriya, koo ngam ko ɓuri ɗuuɗugo nder maɓɓe woni Kirista'en, ɗum mettini woɓɓe juulɓe woylaare lesdi Naajeeriya. Ɓeen ñiŋooɓe ina keewi sifaade wonde kabine Obasanjo ina ɓooyi no feewi, ina ŋakkiraa humpito, haa teeŋti noon so tawii ko e geɗe faggudu.[210] E nder laamu makko gadano, toɓɓe ndimaagu ɗe Naajeeriya’en keɓata ɓeydii; ndimaagu jaayndeeji ina addana hooreejo leydi ndi ñiŋde no feewi.[211] E nder lebbi gadani laamu makko, Obasanjo woppii fotde 200 ofisee militeer, tawi heen 93 fof ina njogii jappeere politik, ɗum noon ko kuudetaa mo ofiseeji keewɗi humpito mbaɗata ina famɗi.[209] O ummini kadi ministeer defansiyoŋ gila Lagos haa Abuja, ngam tabitinki ɗum waddaama les njiimaandi laamu ɓurndi laaɓtude.[209] Manndaa ɗiɗaɓo (2003-2007) Obasanjo suɓaama kadi e woote 2003 ɗe njuumtaani, tawi ina waɗi caɗeele leƴƴi e diineeji. Gaño makko mawɗo, gonnooɗo laamɗo konu Seneraal Muhammadu Buhari, ko juulɗo, o heɓi ballal makko ko ɓuri heewde ko e fuɗnaange. Obasanjo heɓi 61,8% e woote ɗe, o fooli Buhari ko ɓuri miliyoŋaaji 11 woote.[212] E lewru noowammbar 2003, Obasanjo ñiŋaama sabu kuulal mum rokkude asilo hooreejo leydi Liberiya, hono Charles Taylor.[213] Ñalnde 12 lewru juko hitaande 2006, o siifondiri nanondiral Greentree e hooreejo leydi Kameruun Paul Biya nanondiral ngal joofniri luural keeri hakkunde duunde Bakassi.[214] Hay so tawii Senaa leydi Najeriya ƴettii kuulal ngam wiyde wonde ittugol konu leydi Najeriya e nder duunde Bakassi ko huunde nde fotaani, Obasanjo rokki yamiroore nde jokkata no haanirta nii.[215] E manndaa makko ɗiɗaɓo, Obasanjo jokki e daranaade yaajnude doole polis leydi ndii, haa arti noon e 325 000 polis e hitaande 2007.[216] Fitinaaji laddeeji jokkuɗi hakkunde juulɓe e kerecee en e nder diiwaan Plateau addani Obasanjo bayyinde toon laamu nguu e lewru mee 2004, o dartini laamu diiwaan oo, o darni laamu konu lebbi jeegom.[217] Ñalnde 22 lewru nduu hitaande 2005, guwerneer diiwaan Abia e oon sahaa, hono Orji Uzor Kalu, rokki EFCC ɗaɓɓaande ngam tuumaade wonde Obasanjo waɗii golle bonɗe.[218] Ajenda manndaa tataɓo Obasanjo ina wondi e luural ko fayti e « Agenda mum tataɓo » , woni peeje ngam waylude doosgal leydi ndii mbele omo waawa jogaade manndaa tataɓo, duuɓi nay, e gardagol leydi ndii. Ɗum waɗii ƴamol nder jaayndeeji siyaasaaku nder Naajeeriya, nden boo kuugal ngal jaɓaaka nder Asamblee lesdi.[219][220] Ko ɗum waɗi Obasanjo woppi laamu caggal wooteeji gardagol leydi e lewru abriil 2007.[221] E nder yeewtere hesere nde o waɗdunoo e teleeji Channels, Obasanjo saliima jeyeede e ko wiyetee « Ajenda tataɓo ». O wi'i ɗum Asamblee lesdi Naajeeriya ɗon mari limngal limngal limngal limngal lesdi Naajeeriya. Obasanjo wiyi : "mi meeɗaa fiyde miijo manndaa tataɓo."[222] Ajenda manndaa tataɓo Obasanjo ina wondi e luural ko fayti e « Agenda mum tataɓo » , woni peeje ngam waylude doosgal leydi ndii mbele omo waawa jogaade manndaa tataɓo, duuɓi nay, e gardagol leydi ndii. Ɗum waɗii ƴamol nder jaayndeeji siyaasaaku nder Naajeeriya, nden boo kuugal ngal jaɓaaka nder Asamblee lesdi.[219][220] Ko ɗum waɗi Obasanjo woppi laamu caggal wooteeji gardagol leydi e lewru abriil 2007.[221] E nder yeewtere hesere nde o waɗdunoo e teleeji Channels, Obasanjo saliima jeyeede e ko wiyetee « Ajenda tataɓo ». O wi'i ɗum Asamblee lesdi Naajeeriya ɗon mari limngal limngal limngal limngal lesdi Naajeeriya. Obasanjo wiyi : "mi meeɗaa fiyde miijo manndaa tataɓo."[222] Obasanjo ñaawaama e juuɗe mawɓe politik e nder sagata Agenda manndaa tataɓo. Senator Ken Nnamani, hooreejo suudu joonde diidaaɗi lesdi Naajeeriya, wi'i Obasanjo anndini mo dow ajendaaji ɗin ɓaawo o laati hooreejo suudu joonde diidaaɗi lesdi Naajeeriya. O wiyi : "Ɗoon e ɗoon, ngon-mi hooreejo senaa, o haalani mi anniya makko, o haalani mi no o yiɗiri heɓde ɗum. Miin e fuɗɗoode mi ƴettataa mo no feewi haa kewuuji ɗii puɗɗii feeñde." O hollitii kadi wonde Miliyaaruuji jeetati (8) Naira njaltinaama ngam wallitde depiteeji ɗii ngam wallitde ajendaaji ɗii, o naamndii : « hol no neɗɗo waawirta haalde nii tawa o anndaa ɗum, tee kaalis, e kaalis leydi ndii e kaalis leydi ndii fof, ina wayla juuɗe ». Femi Gbajabiamila tabbitini haala Nnamani ammaa o waɗi limngal man feere-feere, o wi'i: "Kaalis man hawti bee miliyaaruuji N10. Hol no N10bn wurtinirtee nder ceede lesdi ngam eɓɓoore nde a woni hooreejo jooɗiiɗo, ammaa nden eɓɓoore laataaki miijo ma? Toy ceede man iwdi?" E nder haalaaji garooji ɗii, Nnamani wiyi wonde hooreejo leydi Amerik hono George W. Bush jeertinii Obasanjo nde woppataa peeje mum ngam tawtoreede woote gardagol leydi e manndaa tataɓo. O wiyi : "so aɗa yiɗi hoolkisaade wonde gorko oo ina haala fenaande tan, ƴettu deftere nde Condoleezza Rice, gonnooɗo jaagorgal leydi Amerik winndi. Ko goonga ko deftere nde Rice winndi. E hello 628 walla hello 638, o yeewtidii e Obasanjo, no o yiɗiri hawrude e hooreejo leydi Ameriknaajo oo, no o yiyri hooreejo leydi Ameriknaajo oo ina waawi waylude doosgal leydi ndii mbele omo waawa yahde e manndaa tataɓo, Bush wiyi mo yo o woppu ɗum, o yalta haa ñalnde 29 mee 2007."[223] Politik faggudu, renndo e caggal leydi Politik faggudu Obasanjo e wondude e laamɗo leydi Iran e hitaande 1999 E ngalu petrol, Obasanjo sosi Komitiiru Ƴellitaare Delta Niger, o huutorii Porogaraam Jaŋde leslesre winndereyankoore ngam ɓeydude jaŋde leslesre Naajeeriya. O sosi Komiseer keeriiɗo toppitiiɗo golle bonɗe e Komiseer toppitiiɗo bonanndeeji faggudu e kaalis. Wuurtinii Sosiyetee ngenndiijo njulaagu to Kaduna e (Onne) Port Harcourt. Obasanjo ɓeydi geɗal njoɓdi petroŋ e renndo to dowla iwdi mum gila e 3 haa 13 e nder teemedere.[224] Ko adii laamu Obasanjo, ɓeydagol PIB leydi Nijeer ina muusi no feewi gila 1987, tee ina jokki tan e 3% hakkunde 1999 e 2000. Kono, e laamu Obasanjo, ɓeydagol ngol ɓeydiima fotde laabi ɗiɗi haa 6% haa o woppi laamu, tawi noon ina walliti ɗum e feccere e ɓeydagol coggu petroŋ. Resooji leydi Naajeeriya ko ɓuri miliyaaruuji ɗiɗi dolaar e hitaande 1999 haa miliyaaruuji 43 dolaar nde ɓe njalti laamu e hitaande 2007.[225] O dañii yaafuya ñamaale e fedde Pari e Londres fotde 18 miliyaar dolaar, o yoɓi kadi 18 miliyaar dolaar goɗɗo ngam woppude ñamaale. Ko vuri heewde e ziin njovdiiji mooftaama e njovdi njulaagu juutndi e nder yontere nde. (Toɓɓere feewnitagol). Ko ɓuri heewde e ɗeen ñamaale mooftaama wonaa e fenaande kono ko e yontaaji 1982–85 nde Naajeeriya huutorii laamu toppitiingu mbayliigu nguu, ngu rokki denndaangal njulaagu nguu e banke mawɗo leydi Nijeer. Nde Obasanjo heɓi laamu, faggudu leydi Najeriya wonnoo ko e caɗeele. Inflation ina yahra e 30% e hitaande e nder kitaale 1990 fof, e hitaande 2001 fotde 20% e mawɓe leydi Najeriya ina ngala golle.[226] Baasal ina yaaji, laamu Obasanjo ina yiɗi ustude ɗum e yoɓde N3,500 lewru kala fotde 200,000 neɗɗo ngam waɗde golle gaadoraaɗe ko wayi no ɓuuɓnude e moƴƴinde laabi.[226] Ndeen eɓɓoore lomtinaama e Porogaraam ngenndiijo ngam haɓaade baasal, jowitiingal e ƴellitde golle sukaaɓe, e njuɓɓudi teeru, e reende.[226] E hitaande 2000, laamu Obasanjo ɓeydi njoɓdi ɓurndi famɗude ndi sariya yamiri ndii laabi ɗiɗi.[227] O noddi Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe (FMI) ngam ƴeewtaade faggudu leydi Najeriya e rokkude wasiyaaji no moƴƴiri ɗum;[228] ɓe njeertinii wonde laamu nguu ina heewi ñamlude.[227] E hitaande 2001, Obasanjo hollitii hoore mum "ko o goongɗinɗo njuɓɓudi luumo", o hollitii wonde o yiyii bonneede ko "njuɓɓudi bonndi e nder sekteer laamu" addani mo.[229] Kono, nde o holliti darnde makko e nanondiral Washington ngam luumooji rimɗi, e privatisation, e ŋakkeende ngalu laamu, ngalu laamu nguu e feccere PIB ɓeydiima gila e 29% e hitaande 1997 haa 50% e hitaande 2001.[229] E lewru Yarkomaa hitaande 2000, Naajeeriya heɓi nyamande miliyaaruuji 1 dolaar Amerik, ko ɗum addani laamu nguu naatde e kaaldigal ngam waylude ñamaale mum e ñamaale mum.[228] Laamu Obasanjo naftoriima coggu petroŋ toowngu e nder winndere ndee e manndaa mum gadano. Nde anniyii kadi ɓeydude petroŋ leydi Naajeeriya e ɓeydude keewal gaasuuji ɓuuɓɗi, ɗi puɗɗii yaltineede e leydi ndii e hitaande 1999.[230] Obasanjo fellitii momtude ballal petroŋ, ɓeyda coggu nguu haa yettoo tolno njulaagu. Kongres gollooɓe leydi Naajeeriya noddi seppo mawngo ngam seppude ngam salaade lewru Juko hitaande 2000 e Obasanjo sakkitii, o ustii ballal ngal, wonaa ittude ngal. Ngolɗoo ngonka addani Obasanjo hollirde wonde ko "gaño miskineeɓe" e miijo renndo.[231] Ngam ɓeydude ustude njoɓdi, Obasanjo wayliima e privatisation, o sosi Diiso ngenndiijo ko faati e privatisation e lewru sulyee 1999. Nde o heɓi laamu, laamu fedde nde ina joginoo 588 sosiyetee laamu, tawi ko ina tolnoo e 55% e ñamaale caggal leydi, Obasanjo ina yaakorii wonde ko heewi e ɗeen, hay so tawii noon ɗe mbaawaa wonde in2. Privatization yiɗaama e yimɓe leydi Najeriya, ko 35% tan ɓe keɓi ballal e wiyde wiɗto miijo hitaande 2000.[233] Obasanjo kadi ina yiɗi kaaldigal ngam ustude ñamaale.[234] O hollitii wonde ñamaale leydi Naajeeriya ina keewi no feewi, ina mbonna faggudu mum e demokaraasi mum. Hay so tawii Kanadaa, Itali e Amerik ndartinii ñamaale leydi Nijeer, ɗeen ñamaale ina pamɗi, ñamaale mawɗe leydi ndii, ɓurɗe mawnude heen ko Angalteer, njaɓaani.[235] Obasanjo ɗon tuuma caɗeele faggudu lesdi Naajeeriya ɗuuɗɗe dow fenaande;[236] nder hitaande 2000, fedde Transparency International limti ɗum lesdi ɓurdundi fenaande nder duniyaaru.[229] Balɗe seeɗa caggal nde o heɓi laamu o hollitii kuulal ngam haɓaade fenaande to Asaambele ngenndi, hay so tawii noon ɗum jibinii luulndaare mawnde e juuɗe ñaawooɓe cikkatnooɓe ko ɗum rokki laamu nguu doole ɓurɗe heewde. Nanondiral waɗii ngam ustude eɓɓooje Obasanjo, addani mo siynude sariya keso oo e lewru suwee 2000.[236] Alaa ko holliti wonde njulaagu ustiima e nder leydi Najeriya e nder manndaa Obasanjo gadano, laamu makko waɗaani hay huunde ngam ƴeewtaade njulaagu nguu e nder leydi Najeriya, ngu yaaji e nder laamuuji diiwaan e laamuuji nokkuuji.[229] Obasanjo ina wondi e hooreejo leydi Riisi Valadimir Putin to Kremlin e hitaande 2001 Cellal renndo kadi ko huunde tiiɗnde e nder leydi Nijeer. E nder kitaale 1990, Naajeeriya ina yoɓnoo fotde 0,2% e PIB mum ngam wallitde cellal renndo, ko ɗum woni ko ɓuri famɗude e winndere ndee. Laamu Obasanjo ɓeydi ɗum haa ko ɓuri 0,4%.[237] Caɗeele cellal ɓurɗe yaawde toɗɗaade leydi Najeriya ko ñawu VIH/SIDA, Obasanjo yamiri ɗoon e ɗoon ciimtol ngonka e dow toɓɓere ndee caggal nde o heɓi laamu.[237] Ndeen o sosi Goomu Hooreejo leydi ngam haɓaade SIDA, ngu o ardii, o sosi Goomu Pewnugol Golle Ngenndiije ngam yuɓɓinde kampaañ 2000–03, jowitiingo e bayyinaango, heblo, wasiyaaji, e jarribooji ngam haɓaade mboros o. Ngam yahduki yeeso ngam njamu jama'aare, o fuɗɗi kampaniire kesum ngam hurgugo ceede laamu lesdi Naajeeriya ngam etaade nyiɓugo suudu nyawndiigu nder kala nokkure 774 laamu lesdi Naajeeriya Politik caggal leydi Obasanjo e Donald Rumsfeld to Pentagon e hitaande 2001 Ina jeyaa e golle Obasanjo mawɗe, ɗe o heɓi heen, moƴƴitinde innde leydi Nijeer e nder winndere ndee, nde o bonni e laamu Abacha. O waɗii ko ina ɓura feccere e manndaa makko gadano caggal leydi, o yilliima leyɗeele 92 haa e lewru oktoobar 2002. E lewru oktoobar 1999, Obasanjo sosi Goomu (Commission Bi-National) hakkunde Afrik worgo e Niiseer ngam yeewtidde e gollondiral hakkunde leyɗeele ɗiɗi ɗee, ɓurɗe mawnude e Afrik worgo Saharaa. Obasanjo jokki jokkindiral Naajeeriya bee U.S., o waddi walliinde U.S. ngam wallugo janngirde sooje'en Naajeeriya. O jokkondirii no feewi e hooreejo leydi Amerik biyeteeɗo Bill Clinton, o jokkondiri kadi e lomto Clinton, hono George W. Bush ; Bush yilliima Abuja e hitaande 2003, Obasanjo yilliima Wasinton e hitaande 2006.[240] E jokkude jokkondiral ɓurngal welde e U.K. ko ɓuri ko o joginoo e kitaale 1970, o tawtoraama batu makko gadano Commonwealth e lewru Noowammbar 1999, o jaɓɓi ɗum e lewru Duujal 2003, ɗo o heɓi njeenaari teddungal e juuɗe laamɗo debbo Biritaan biyeteeɗo Elizabeth II.[240] Nde Obasanjo heɓi laamu, o huninooma ittude konu leydi Najeriya e leydi Siyeraa Leyoon. E lewru ut 1999, o hollitii limre ngam ɓe ngurtina, hay so tawii noon ɗum dartinaama nde konu jam ONU moofti, ngu Nijeer rokki ɗum 4000 soldaat. Ndee doole yalti ko e hitaande 2005.[241] E nder jiiɓru to leydi Liberia, Obasanjo yamiri konu leydi Nijeer yo naata leydi ndii e lewru ut 2003 ; ɓe njalti e komanndaaji ONU lebbi ɗiɗi caggal ɗuum.[240] Obasanjo hokki Charles Taylor, hooreejo lesdi Liberiya, mo laamu mum woppi, o hokka mo haa lesdi Naajeeriya, koo ngam ɓaawo man o warti mo haa lesdi Liberiya ngam o ɗon ƴama mo ngam warhoore konu dow ƴamol hooreejo lesdi Liberiya keso, Ellen Johnson Sirleaf.[242] E yiɗde haɗude Naajeeriya yaltude e hareeji nder leydi ɗi yimɓe njiɗaa, o salii ɗaɓɓaande konu Naajeeriya ngam tawtoreede naatgol ECOMOG e nder wolde hakkunde leyɗeele Gine-Bisaawo e golle jam 2002 to Kodduwaar. E ɗaɓɓaande Angalteer, o walli e nanondiral hakkunde laamu Zimbaabwee mo Robert Mugabe, ngam hirjinde laamu nguu e ƴettude gese ɗe ɓaleeɓe jeyi e dow fenaande. O wondi e hooreejo leydi Afrik worgo hono Thabo Mbeki e gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi Ostarali John Howard, o jeyaa ko e fedde nde Commonwealth halfinaa ngam haɓaade Zimbaabwee.[243] Obasanjo e Mbeki njilliima Zimbaabwee laabi tati ngam golloraade dipolomasi deeƴɗo, kono ɓe keɓaani heen nafoore, ɓe mbiya Mugabe yo woppu laamu walla sosde laamu renndinde laamu e luulndiiɓe Mouvement pour le changement démocratique.[239] Haɓde e jiiɓru leƴƴi e diineeji Bush ina yeewtida e Obasanjo e nder batu G8 to Farayse, lewru suwee 2003 Caggal nde Obasanjo suɓaa, nokku ɗo sariyaaji lislaam ngoni ɗoo, wonti jeewte mawɗe e nder politik leydi Najeriya. Gila leydi ndii heɓi jeytaare mum, sharia ina jokki e ñaawde siwil hakkunde juulɓe wonɓe e dowlaaji worgo ɗii ; ñaawooɓe bonanndeeji ɗii laawɗinaaka e sariyaaji sharia, huunde nde mettini won e juulɓe.[244] E lewru suwee 1999, guwerneer diiwaan Zamfara, hono Ahmed Sani, hollitii naatgol timmungol shari’a e nder oon diiwaan, hay so tawii noon o hollitii wonde ɗum jogori huutoreede tan ko e hoɗɓe e juulɓe, wonaa e yimɓe ɓe ngonaa lislaam en. Ɗuum waɗi kulhuli nder yimɓe Kirista'en pamari nder woyla lesdi Naajeeriya, bee seppooji e seppooji feere-feere ɗon ngadda fitinaaji, haa fahin haa Kaduna.[244] Across Nigeria, Christian opinion was very hostile to the introduction of sharia as the basis of state penal systems.[245] Suudu Asaambele ngenndi ndii fof ina ɗaɓɓi e Obasanjo nde nawtata haala kaa to Ñaawirde Toownde.[245] O yiɗiino woppude ɗum, o yiɗaa darnde shari’a wonta huunde doosgal.[246] E nder renndo o yiɗiino seerndude ko o inniri "sharia goonga" e "sharia politik", o yetti arano oo, o wiyi wonde ɗiɗaɓo oo ko fad mo fizzle out.[245] Nde o salii naatde heen, Obasanjo heɓi ñiŋooje sabu ŋakkeende cuusal e juuɗe yimɓe heewɓe to bannge worgo, juulɓe tiiɗɓe to bannge worgo ina ƴattoo mo.[246] E nder ɗaɓɓaande yimɓe heewɓe ummoraade e renndooji juulɓe, dowlaaji nay goɗɗi to bannge worgo ƴettii sariya kuuɓtodinɗo sharia e hitaande 2000 e jeeɗiɗi goɗɗi e hitaande 2001. Obasanjo caggal ɗuum hollitii wonde haala kaa ko caɗeele ɓurɗe mawnude ɗe o meeɗi dañde e wonde hooreejo leydi.[246] Nde Obasanjo heɓi laamu, o hulɓinii no feewi nde tawnoo leydi Najeriya ina wondi e caɗeele e fitinaaji keewɗi, tawi ko ujunnaaje ujunnaaje maayɓe. Ndee ɗoo bonannde ina ɓeydoo saɗtude sabu ɓeydagol yimɓe ina ɓeydoo yaawde, ɗum addani ɗum ɓeydagol nguleeki weeyo e pottital ngam heɓde leydi ŋakkundi e nder gure teeru.[216] Ngam haɓaade ɗum, Obasanjo ɓeydii polis leydi ndii fotde laabi ɗiɗi, gila e 120 000 haa 240 000 hakkunde 1999 e 2003.[216] Ko seeɗa waɗaa ngam haɓaade bonanndeeji polis, tawi noon torlaaji tuumaaɗo ina keddii e yaajde e laamu Obasanjo.[211] Kadi ko ɓeydi fitinaaji ɗii ko jokkere enɗam hakkunde leƴƴi, e pelle leƴƴi e diiwanuuji ceertuɗi ina ɗaɓɓi ndimaagu ɓurngu mawnude, ɗum addani yeewtooɓe heewɓe teskaade ƴaañgol leydi Naajeeriya. Wonande Obasanjo, jogaade leydi ngootiri wonti huunde mawnde.[247] Ko e sahaaji cuɓaaɗi tan o ruttotoo e konu ngam ustude jiiɓru, o ɓuri yiɗde ko waasde mooftude konu so wonaa tawa guwerneeruuji dowlaaji ɗii ina ɗaɓɓi ɗum.[248] E nder konngol makko, "en poti huutoraade doole konu tan so tawii ko heddii koo fof ronkii. Ko cfuum woni miijo am e filosof am."[249] O yi'i nafoore mawnde e yaafuya, e yaafuya, e nanondiral ngam he6de nanondiral, wonaa e 6amtaare ñaawoore warngooji bacfcfi.[250] E laamu Obasanjo, darnde fitinaaji e jiiɓru nder leydi Naajeeriya ustii.[249] Olusẹgun Obasanjo e hooreejo leydi Beresiil Lula da Silva 2005 Ko ɓuri heewde e miijooji ceertuɗi ko e diiwaan Delta Niiseer, ɗo pelle koɗdiiɗe ɗee njiɗnoo jogaade ko ɓuri heewde e ngalu keɓaaɗo e nokkuuji petroŋ keewɗi ngalu. E lewru sulyee 1999, Obasanjo neldi Asaambele ngenndi kuulal ngam sosde Komiseer ƴellitaare Delta Niiseer ngam siynude e huutoraade peeje ngam haɓaade diiwaan oo, huunde nde o sikki ina waawi ustude fitinaaji toon. E nder jeewte keewɗe, komisiyoŋ oo fuɗɗii ko e lewru Duujal 2000.[251] E lewru noowammbar 1999, o neldi kadi bataliyoŋaaji ɗiɗi konu e nder diiwaan Delta Niiseer ngam nanngude sukaaɓe Asawana, fedde Ijaw en nannguɓe e warde poliseeɓe to Odi, to diiwaan Bayelsa. Militeer en mbonni ko ɓuri heewde e wuro ngoo ; laamu ngu wi'i 43 mbaraama, ammaa ONG nokkuure nde'e waɗi limngal maayɓe siwil'en 2,483.[252] Obasanjo siftinii halkaare ndee wonde « ina waawi rewde » e « ina metti » , o yilliima Odi e lewru marse 2001 ; o salii ñaawde konu nguu, o ñaagii yaafuya ngam halkaare nde, o yoɓi njoɓdi walla o mahdi wuro ngoo, hay so tawii noon Komiseer ƴellitaare Delta Niiseer waɗii ɗum.[249] E hitaande 2000, Obasanjo haɗi fedde Oodua Peoples Congress (OPC), fedde ngenndiyankoore Yoruba en, nde wonnoo ko e fitinaaji e leƴƴi goɗɗi, o yamiri yo ardiiɓe mayre nannge.[253] E lewru suwee 2001, fitinaaji hakkunde Kerecee’en ɓiɓɓe leydi ndii e njulaagu juulɓe to bannge worgo e nder diiwaan Plateau, waɗii fotde 500 maayɗo hade konu nguu naatde heen, heɓtude laamu. Ndeen Obasanjo yilliima, wiyi yo ɓe nanondiral. E lewru Oktoobar 2001, seppooɓe juulɓe to Kano mbari fotde 200 Igbo ngam jaabaade ballal Nijeer e bommbooji Amerik mbaɗi e Afganistaan. Ndeen Obasanjo yilliima ngam ɗaɓɓude nanondiral kono hoɗɓe ɓee boomi ɗum.[246] E lewru oktoobar kadi, soldateeɓe neldaama ngam deeƴnude jiiɓru hakkunde renndooji Jukun e Tiv en e keeri hakkunde diiwanuuji Benue e Taraba ; ndeen militeer en Tiv nanngi ɓe mbari ɓe to Zaki-Biam. Obasanjo yamiri konu nguu yo naata, ɓe ndartini, ɓe mbari fotde 250 haa 300 gorko nokku oo. Obasanjo yilliima nokku oo e hitaande 2002, o ñaagii yaafuya sabu huutoraade doole no feewi.[249] gp98euyhv42rh0w89i13hr4a36d022h 175785 175783 2026-06-22T20:52:44Z Ilya Discuss 10103 #1Lib1Ref 175785 wikitext text/x-wiki Mawɗo Olusegun Matthew Okikiola Ogunboye Aremu Obasanjo GCFR (// C; Yoruba: Olúṣẹ́gun Ọbásanjọ́ [ōlúʃɛ́ɡũ̄ ɔ̄básã̄d͡ʒɔ́] R; jibinaa ko c. ndema, e gonnooɗo seneraal konu gonnooɗo hooreejo leydi Naajeeriya gila 1976 haa 1979, caggal ɗuum o woni hooreejo leydi ndii gila 1999 haa 2007. To bannge miijo, ko o ngenndiyanke Naajeeriya, o jeyaa ko e lannda Demokaraasi Leƴƴi (PDP) gila 1998 haa 2019. Obasanjo jibinaa ko e wuro Ibogun-Olaogun, e nder galle remoowo, jeyaaɗo e leñol Owu, Obasanjo janngi ko ɓuri heewde e wuro wiyeteengo Abeokuta, to diiwaan Ogun. O naati konu leydi Naajeeriya, o janngi ko faati e inndeeji, o golliima to Konngo, Angalteer, e Inndo, o arti e darnde Major. E darorɗe kitaale 1960, o waɗii darnde mawnde e haɓaade seernaaɓe Biafra e nder wolde hakkunde leyɗeele Nijeer, o jaɓi dogde e hitaande 1970. E hitaande 1975, kuudetaa konu sosi junta e Obasanjo e nder laamu mum tati. Caggal nde hooreejo triumvirate, hono Murtala Muhammed, waraa e hitaande rewtunde ndee, Diiso toowngo konu toɗɗii Obasanjo hooreejo leydi ndii. Jokkude politik Murtala, Obasanjo ƴeewtindiima taƴgol bidsee e yaajnude jaŋde ekkolaaji ɗi ngalaa njoɓdi. Ɓesdugo hawtuki lesdi Naajeeriya bee lesdi Amerika, o teddini kadi ballal pelle luutndiiɗe laamu ɓaleeɓe pamari nder Afrika woylaare. Obasanjo ɗon mari haaje wartirgo demokaraasi, o ardi woote 1979, ɓaawo man o hokki laamu lesdi Naajeeriya haa hooreejo lesdi siwil keso, Shehu Shagari. Ndeen Obasanjo artii e golle mum to Ota, Ogun, ɗo o wonti demoowo, o yaltini defte nay, o tawtoraama eɓɓooji winndereeji ngam joofnude hareeji Afrik ceertuɗi. E hitaande 1993, Sani Abacha heɓti laamu e kuudetaa konu. Obasanjo ina ñiŋa laamu Abacha e peeñcu, e hitaande 1995 o nanngaa, o ñaawaa wonde o jeyaa ko e kuudetaa peewnaaɗo, hay so tawii o seppii wonde o alaa ella. Nde o woni e kasoo ndee, o wonti Kerecee’en jibinaaɗo, tawi ko providentialism ina tiiɗtini no feewi e yi’annde makko aduna caggal ɗuum. O woppitaama caggal maayde Abacha e hitaande 1998. Obasanjo naati e politik wooteeji, o wonti kanndidaa PDP e wooteeji hooreleydaagu 1999, ɗi o dañi. Ko o hooreejo leydi, o woppi politik militeer en, kamɓe ɗiɗo fof ɓe njaajni polis, ɓe moofti konu ngam haɓaade fitinaaji leƴƴi, diineeji, e seernaaɓe jaajɗi. O itti sooje'en lesdi Naajeeriya diga lesdi Siyeraa Leone, o hokki hukuumaaji pamari feere-feere ngam ustugo ceede lesdi ndi'i. O artiraa e woote 2003. E nder miijooji Pan-Afrik, o woniino daraniiɗo no feewi sosde Dental Afrik, o woniino hooreejo mayre tuggi 2004 haa 2006. Eɓɓooje Obasanjo ngam waylude doosɗe leydi ngam ittude keeri manndaa hooreejo leydi, ɗe njahraani no haanirta nii, ɗe ngaddani ɗum ñiŋooje. Caggal nde o woppi golle, o heɓi doktoraa makko e ganndal diine to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde National Open to leydi Najeriya. Nguurndam gadano Baaba Olusegun Obasanjo, Obasanjo Bankole, jeyaa ko e ardiiɓe hoɗɓe e sosɓe wuro Igbogun Olaogun e fuɗɗoode kitaale 1920. Hay so tawii ko o demoowo keewɗo jawdi, o jom jawdi en, omo hiisee wonde miskiino sabu o jeyaaka e yimɓe jannguɓe e nder leydi Yoruba. Bankole hawri e Bernice Ashabi, njulaagu tokooso to Igbogun, kamɓe ɗiɗo fof ɓe resndi. Ɓeeɗoo ɗiɗo ina njogii ɓiɓɓe ɗiɗo heddiiɓe e nder jeegom : Olusegun e Adunni Oluwola, miñiiko debbo gooto. E wiyde paaspoor makko, Olusegun Obasanjo jibinaa ko ñalnde 5 marse 1937 hay so tawii noon alaa ko winndaa e mum hannde, ñalngu nguu ko limto ɓadiiɗo. Olusegun ko jeyaaɗo e Laamu Owu. O mawni ko e Baptiste. Debbo makko caggal mum naati lislaam ngam resde gorko juulɗo.[9] E duuɓi sappo e go'o, o naati duɗal leslesal wuro ngo,[10] caggal duuɓi tati, e hitaande 1951, o naati duɗal Baptist Day to nokku Owu to Abeokuta.[11] E hitaande 1952 o arti e duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde sukaaɓe Baptist,[12] kadi e nder wuro ngo. Feccere e njoɓdi duɗal makko ko dokke laamu.[13] Obasanjo waɗii ko moƴƴi e jaŋde,[14] e nder duɗal o wonti Boy Scout keewɗo faayiida.[15] Hay so tawii alaa ko holliti wonde e oon sahaa o tawtoraama kala pelle politik,[15] ko e nder duɗal hakkundeewal Obasanjo salii innde makko adannde "Matthew" ngam wonde golle luulndiiɗe koloñaal.[16] E nder ɗuum, baaba Obasanjo woppi debbo mum e sukaaɓe mum ɗiɗo.[17] Nde o yani e baasal, yumma Obasanjo ina foti golloraade njulaagu ngam wuurde.[15] Ngam yoɓugo ceede janngirde maako, Obasanjo ɗon huuwa haa gese kakawo e kola, ɗon ligga, ɗon mooɓa leɗɗe, ɗon sooda ceene mahooɓe. E nder balɗe udditgol duɗal ngal kadi o golliima e duɗal ngal, omo taƴa huɗo e golle juuɗe goɗɗe.[18] E hitaande 1956, Obasanjo waɗi jaŋde mum hakkundeere, caggal nde o ñamli kaalis ngam yoɓde njoɓdi naatgol.[19] E oon hitaande kadi, o fuɗɗii jokkondirde e Oluremi Akinlawon, ɓiy Owu mawɗo station. Ɓe ndarniino dewgal haa hitaande 1958.[20] O yalti duɗal, o fayi Ibadan, o ƴetti golle jannginde. Ko ɗoon o jooɗii e ekzamen naatgol to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Ibadan, kono hay so o jaɓii o tawi o waawaa yoɓde njoɓdi jaŋde.[19] Ndeen Obasanjo fellitii jokkude golle mum e nder konu leydi Najeriya, ngam heɓde ngal gollal, e hitaande 1958 o jaabiima eɓɓoore ngam janngude ofiseeji cadet e nder konu leydi Najeriya.[21][22] Fuɗɗoode golle konu (1958-1966) Heblo konu: 1958-1959 E lewru marse 1958, Obasanjo naati e konu leydi Najeriya.[23] O yi’i ɗum ko fartaŋŋe jokkude jaŋde makko tawa omo heɓa njoɓdi;[24] o humpitaaki ɗoon e ɗoon ɓesngu makko, o hulii wonde jibnaaɓe makko ina njaɓa ɗum.[25] Ko e oon sahaa konu leydi Najeriya ina jokki e juuɗe laamu koloñaal leydi Najeriya, ngam heblude ndimaagu leydi Najeriya timmungu, kadi ina waɗi eɓɓooje ngam heɓde yimɓe leydi Najeriya ɓurɓe heewde e nder darnde konu mum.[25] Ndeen o neldaama to duɗal jaŋde ofiseeji jooɗɗi to Teshie to leydi Gana.[23] Nde o woni caggal leydi, o neldi ɓataakeeji e dokke to jom suudu makko to leydi Najeriya.[20] E lewru suwee 1958, o suɓaa ngam ɓeydaade heblo lebbi jeegom to duɗal Mons Officer Cadet to Aldershot, to fuɗnaange Angalteer. Obasanjo yiɗaa ɗum toon, o sikkatnoo ko ɗum juɓɓule njiyaagu e njiyaagu, o tawi ina saɗi ko jokkondiri e dumunna Engele ɓurɗo toowde e ɓuuɓde.[26] Nde semmbini miijooji makko bonɗi e laamu Biritaan e hakke mum laamaade e dow laamuuji mum koloñaal en.[24] To Mons, o heɓi komisoŋ e seedantaagal to bannge innde. Nde Obasanjo woni to leydi Angalteer, yumma mum maayi. Baaba makko ndeen maayi ko hitaande caggal ɗuum.[27] E hitaande 1959, Obasanjo arti Nijeer. Ko ɗoon o artiraa to Kaduna, o woni subaltern infanterie e bataliyoŋ joyaɓo.[27] Wakkati maako haa Kaduna woni wakkati arandejum nde Obasanjo jooɗi haa nokkure nde juulɓe ɗuuɗi.[27] Ko nde o woni toon, e lewru Oktoobar 1960, leydi Nijeer wonti leydi ndimaagu.[28][22] Kiiriis Konngo: 1960-1961 Ƴeew kadi: Kiriis Konngo Caggal ɗuum seeɗa, bataliyoŋ joyaɓo neldaa to Konngo ngam jeyeede e konu Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe ngam haɓaade jam. Ko ɗoon bataliyoŋ oo woni e nder diiwaan Kivu, tawi ko ɗoon woni Bukavu.[28] To leydi Konngo, Obasanjo e woɗɓe ina njoginoo darnde reende siwil en, haa arti noon e leñol Belsik, e soldateeɓe murtuɓe e laamu Patrice Lumumba.[28] E lewru feebariyee 1961, Obasanjo nanngaa e juuɗe murtuɓe nde o ummotoo e misiyoŋaaji katolik en e nder dingiral sara Bukavu. Mutinooɓe ɓee miijinoo ko warde mo kono ɓe njamiraama yo ɓe njaltu. E lewru mee 1961, bataliyoŋ joyaɓo ummii Konngo, arti Najeriya.[28] E nder wolde nde, o toɗɗaama kapiteen wakkati.[24] O teskiima caggal ɗuum wonde sahaa mo o woni e Konngo oo ina semmbina "fervour pan-africain" bataliyoŋ makko.[28] Gartugol e leydi Konngo: 1961-1966 Nde o arti, Obasanjo soodi oto makko gadano, o naati e opitaal ko juuti sabu rafi reedu. Nde o selli, o artiraa e Korse Innjiniyaaruuji konu. E hitaande 1962 o jooɗii to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Royal College to Angalteer. Ko ɗoon o ɓuri waawde, o siforaa ko "almuudo Commonwealth ɓurɗo waawde". Oon hitaande, o yoɓi Akinlawon ngam yahde Londres ɗo o waawi naatde e kursus heblo. Ɓeeɗoo ɗiɗo resndi ɗum ko e lewru suwee 1963 to biro binnditagol Camberwell Green, ɓe nganndini ɓesnguuji maɓɓe tan caggal nde ɓe mbaɗi hiirde ndee.E ndeen hitaande, Obasanjo yamiraama yo o hoot to leydi Nijeer, hay so tawii debbo makko ina heddii to Londres duuɓi tati goɗɗi ngam timminde jaŋde makko. Nde o naati Naajeeriya, Obasanjo hoosi ardungal konu Innjiniyaaruuji ladde, jooɗiiɗum haa Kaduna. E nder konu, Obasanjo ina jokki e yahrude yeeso e nder darɗe, o wonti mawɗo e hitaande 1965. O huutoriima ngalu makko ngam soodde leydi, e fuɗɗoode kitaale 1960 o heɓi jawdi to Ibadan, Kaduna, e Lagos. E hitaande 1965, Obasanjo neldaa leydi Inndo. E nder laawol, o yilliima debbo makko to Londres. To leydi Indiya, o janngi to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde toppitiingal ko fayti e cellal to Wellington, caggal ɗuum to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Innjiniyaaruuji to Poona. Obasanjo hulɓinii e heege nde o seedtii e nder leydi Indiya hay so tawii o ƴettii nafoore e pinal leydi ndii, huunde nde addani mo janngude defte diineeji nannditooji. Hare nder leydi Naajeeriya Winndannde mawnde: Hare nder leydi Najeriya Golle makko ko adii wolde hakkunde leyɗeele: 1966-1967 Obasanjo ummi Naajeeriya nder lewru January hitaande 1966 ngam heɓugo lesdi ndi'i nder kuudetaa konu ngu Major Emmanuel Ifeajuna ardii. Obasanjo ina jeyaa e jeertinɓe wonde ngonka kaa ina waawi jippaade e wolde nder leydi.O hollitii wonde maa o won hakkunde ƴaañooɓe kuudetaa e laamu siwil, ngu rokki laamu nguu e juuɗe hooreejo konu Johnson Aguiyi-Ironsi. Nde kuudetaa oo ronki, Olusegun hawri e Ironsi to Lagos. Ironsi ɓooyaani ko timmini fedde nde e nder leydi Najeriya rewrude e yamiroore mum kawral e lewru mee 1966, huunde nde ɓuuɓni jiiɓru leƴƴi. E darorɗe lewru sulyee, kuudetaa ɗiɗmo waɗi. To wuro Ibadan, sooja'en iwdi woyla lesdi Naajeeriya ɗon ƴama, ɓe mbari Ironsi, ɓe mbari fodde teemeɗɗe ɗiɗi sooje'en ko ɓuri ɗuuɗugo ɓe iwdi lesdi Naajeeriya. Seneraal Yaakubu Gowon heɓti laamu. Nde ooɗoo kuudetaa waɗata nde Obasanjo wonnoo ko to Maiduguri. Nande ɗum, o yaawi hootde Kaduna. Ko ɗoon o tawi konu worgo ummoriiɗo e bataliyoŋ tataɓo ina ronka, ina torloo, ina wara soldateeɓe Igbo en. Gomnaajo lesdi Naajeeriya, Hassan Katsina, annditi dow koo ngam Olusegun naa Igbo, bana no o woni mo woylaare lesdi Naajeeriya, o ɗon nder ɓilla haa sooja'en murtuɓe. Ngam reenaade ɓe, Katsina neldi Olusegun e debbo mum ngarta Maiduguri balɗe sappo, tawi fitinaaji ɗii ina ustoo. Caggal ɗuum, Obasanjo neldi debbo mum to Lagos, tawi omo hoota Kaduna kanko e hoore makko, o woni ɗoon haa lewru Yarkomaa 1967. E oon sahaa ko kanko woni ofisee Yoruba ɓurɗo mawnude tawaaɗo to bannge worgo. E lewru Yarkomaa 1967, Obasanjo toɗɗaama to Lagos ngam wonde mawɗo Injineer konu.Hare hakkunde leƴƴi Igbo e leƴƴi worgo ina jokki e ɓeydaade, e lewru mee, ofisee konu Igbo C. Odumegwu Ojukwu hollitii jeytaare nokkuuji ɓurɗi heewde Igbo e nder fuɗnaange-rewo leydi Bi. Ñalnde 3 lewru juko, laamu leydi Najeriya neldi Obasanjo to Ibadan ngam wonde hooreejo leydi Hirnaange.Hare hakkunde konu leydi Najeriya e seernaaɓe Biafran fuɗɗii ko ñalnde 6 lewru juko. Ñalnde 9 sulyee, Ojukwu neldi koloñaal konu Biafra dow pont Niiseer ngam yiɗde heɓtude Mid-West, nokku ɗo ɓe mbaawi ummoraade Lagos. Obasanjo yiɗiino uddude laabi jahduɗi e wuro ngo. Komandaajo Yoruba biyeteeɗo Victor Banjo, ardinooɗo konu njanngu Biafran, etinooma waawnude Obasanjo yoo ɓe njaltu, kono o salii. Kuugal konu lesdi: 1967-1970 "Kolonel Olu Obasanjo, gardinooɗo diɗɗal tataɓal". Jaaynde Naajeeriya keso, hello 7, 12 lewru Yarkomaa 1970. Gagga hare nder leydi Naajeeriya e Biafra. Ndeen Obasanjo toɗɗaama hooreejo caggal diɗɗal ɗiɗaɓal Murtala Muhammed, gollotoongal to Mid-Ouest. Obasanjo woni ko e jooɗaade to Ibadan, ko kañum halfinaa Division ɗiɗaɓo oo jogaade kaɓirɗe. E nder wuro ngo, Obasanjo jannginii course ganndal konu to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Ibadan, o mahi jokkondiral makko e nder elite Yoruba. E nder wolde nde, wonno ko jiiɓru mawndu e nder Dowla Hirnaange, ngam daɗde e ɗeen caɗeele, Obasanjo woppi golle mum e nder Diiso doosɗe Hirnaange.Nde Obasanjo woɗɗi Ibadan e lewru noowammbar 1968, gure jogiiɗe kaɓirɗe ɗe fedde remooɓe Agbekoya moofti, njani e galle laamorɗo Ibadan. Konuuji ɗii njaabtii, mbari sappo e fitinaaji ɗii. Nde Obasanjo arti o yamiri yo ñaawirde ƴeewto kewuuji ɗii. Yamiroore konu: 1967-1970 "Kolonel Olu Obasanjo, gardinooɗo diɗɗal tataɓal". Jaaynde Naajeeriya keso, hello 7, 12 lewru Yarkomaa 1970. Gagga hare nder leydi Naajeeriya e Biafra. Ndeen Obasanjo toɗɗaama hooreejo caggal diɗɗal ɗiɗaɓal Murtala Muhammed, gollotoongal to Mid-Ouest. Obasanjo ina jooɗii to Ibadan, ko kañum halfinaa Division ɗiɗaɓo oo jogaade kaɓirɗe. E nder wuro ngo, Obasanjo jannginii course ganndal konu to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Ibadan, o mahi jokkondiral makko e nder elite Yoruba. E nder wolde nde, wonno ko jiiɓru mawndu e nder Dowla Hirnaange, ngam daɗde e ɗeen geɗe, Obasanjo woppi golle e nder Diiso doosɗe Dowla Hirnaange. Nde Obasanjo woɗɗi Ibadan e lewru noowammbar 1968, wuro ngo ina jogii balɗe, ngo fedde remooɓe Agbekoya moofti, yani e galle laamorɗo Ibadan. Konuuji ɗii njaabtii, mbari sappo e fitinaaji ɗii. Nde Obasanjo arti o yamiri yo ñaawirde ƴeewto kewuuji ɗii. Gowon felliti lomtaade Kolonel Benjamin Adekunle, ardinooɗo njanngu Biafra, kono ina haani Yoruba mawɗo goɗɗo. O suɓii ko Obasanjo, hay so tawii noon o alaa humpito hare. Obasanjo arii Port Harcourt ngam heɓtude golle ɗee ñalnde 16 mee 1969 ; o ardii hannde hakkunde 35 000 e 40 000 soldaat. O waɗii jonte jeegom gadane ɗee ko e riiwtude njangu Biafran e Aba. O yilliima kala nokku e yeeso, o gaañiiɗo e waɗde ɗum. Ɗee golle ngaddi mo innde cuusal e nder worɓe makko E lewru desaambar, Obasanjo fuɗɗii golle Finishing Touch, yamiri konu mum yo yahru yeeso feewde Umuahia, ngu ɓe ƴetti ñalnde Natal. Ɗum taƴii Biafra e feccere. Ñalnde 7 lewru Yarkomaa 1970, o ummini ndeen « Operation Tail-Wind », o heɓti laana ndiwoowa Uli ñalnde 12 lewru Yarkomaa. E oon sahaa, ardiiɓe Biafran njaɓi yoɓde. Ñalnde 13 lewru nduu, Obasanjo jokkondiri e komandaajo konu Biafran biyeteeɗo Philip Effiong. Obasanjo wi'i sooja'en Biafran hokka balmi maɓɓe, nden boo suɓol ardiiɓe lesdi ndi'i ɗon yaha Lagos, ɓe hokka Gowon dow laawol. Janngo mum, Obasanjo haali e rajo diiwaan oo, o wiyi ɓiɓɓe leydi ndi yo njokku e galleeji mum en, o dartina kisal mum en. Biafranaaɓe heewɓe e jaayɗe goɗɗe ina kuli wonde konu leydi Najeriya ina waawi waɗde bonanndeeji keewɗi e yimɓe foolɓe ɓee, hay so tawii noon Obasanjo ina yiɗi haɗde ɗum. O yamiri konu makko e nder diiwaan hee yo heddo e nder galleeji mum en, jokkude wonde polis nokku oo ina foti ƴettude kuule ngam ƴellitde sariya e deeƴre. Division tataɓo, ɓurɗo woɗɗude, waɗii hareeji warngooji e yimɓe nokku oo. Obasanjo ina tiiɗi e waɗooɓe bonannde ndee, sibu waɗɓe warngooji ɗii mberlaama, waɗɓe warngooji ɗii mbardaa. Laamu Gowon waɗi Obasanjo kalfinaaɗo naatnude Biafra e nder leydi Najeriya, e nder oon darnde o heɓi teddungal ngam teeŋtinde mawngu. Ko o injenieer, o teeŋtinii artirde jolngo ndiyam ; haa lewru mee 1970 gure mawɗe diiwaan oo fof njokkondirii e jolngo ndiyam. Darnde Obasanjo e timminde wolde nde waɗi mo jaambaaro wolde, kadi ko o neɗɗo ganndiraaɗo e nder leydi Najeriya. Kuugal maako ɓaawo konu lesdi: 1970-1975 E lewru suwee 1970, Obasanjo arti Abeokuta, jamaanu jaɓɓii mo no jaambaaro garoowo nii. Ndeen o neldaama to Lagos, o woni Brigadier gardinooɗo Korse Innjiniyankooɓe. E lewru oktoobar, Gowon hollitii wonde laamu militeer en ina rokka laamu nguu laamu siwil e hitaande 1976. E nder ɗuum, haɗde lanndaaji politik ina heddii e doole ; Gowon yahri yeeso seeɗa e sosde laamu siwil. E les laamu sooja'en, Obasanjo jooɗi nder goomu limngal sooja'en lesdi Naajeeriya, ko laarani limngal sooja'en lesdi Naajeeriya nder duuɓi 1970. E hitaande 1974 Obasanjo yahi to leydi Angalteer ngam janngude to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Royal College to bannge diine. Nde o arti, e lewru Yarkomaa 1975 Gowon toɗɗii mo Komisariyaa Golle e Koɗki, golle ɗe o joginoo fotde lebbi jeeɗiɗi, e nder ɗuum o ɓuri waawde mahde kaɓirɗe konu. E hitaande 1970, Obasanjo soodi sosiyatee Libannaajo ɓooyɗo to Ibadan, o gollini heen awokaa ngam ƴellitde ɗum. E hitaande 1973 o winnditii fedde wiyeteende Temperance Enterprises Limited, nde o waawi waɗde heen golle njulaagu caggal nde o woppi golle konu. O jokki kadi e waɗde heen jawdi ; e hitaande 1974 o joginoo galleeji ɗiɗi to Lagos e gooto fof to Ibadan e Abeokuta. Haalaaji ummii wonde Obasanjo ina jokki e waɗde njulaagu nguu ina ɓeydoo yaajde e nder leydi Najeriya, hay so tawii noon alaa ko holliti ɗum ko laaɓti. Dewgal makko e Oluremi wonti caɗeele nde o salii jokkondiral makko e rewɓe woɗɓe. E cakkital kitaale 1970 dewgal maɓɓe fusi. E hitaande 1976 o resi Stella Abebe e nder kewu aadaaji Yoruba. E nder laamu Murtala Kuudetaa 1975 e caggal mum Binndanɗe mawɗe: Kuudetaa laamu Nijeer e hitaande 1975 e Kawtal konu Nijeer (1966–1979) E lewru sulyee 1975, kuudetaa e gardagol Shehu Muusaa Yar’Adua e Yuusuf Garba liɓi Gowon, o dogi fayti Angalteer. Ɓe kaalaani Obasanjo e peeje maɓɓe nde tawnoo omo anndiraa wonde kuudetaa ko kuutorgal waylude laamu. Kuudetaaji ɗii njiɗnoo ko lomtinde laamu otokaraasi Gowon nguu e laamu tati (triumvirate) brigadieruuji tati ɗi Diiso Toowngo Konu ina waawi haɗde kuule mum en. Ngalɗoo laamu tati, ɓe cemmbini Seneraal Murtala Muhammed yo won hooreejo leydi, Obasanjo woni ɗiɗaɓo e gardagol mum, Danjuma woni tataɓo. Daartoowo biyeteeɗo John Iliffe teskiima wonde e nder triumvirate, Obasanjo ko « puccu gollordu e ngaandi » , ko kanko ɓuri yaawde hootde e laamu siwil. E nder heen, triumvirate oo naatni peeje ustude ngalu ngam haɗde inflation, sosi Biro toppitiiɗo ko fayti e golle bonɗe, lomtini guwerneeruuji militeer en ɗii fof ofiseeji kesi, ɓe cifotoo ko Obasanjo woni hooreejo konu, ɓe puɗɗii "Operation Deadwood" mo ɓe ndartini ofiseeji civil 11,000. Mawɗo gollordu, suudu sarɗiiji: 1975–76 E lewru oktoobar 1975, laamu nguu hollitii peeje ngam waɗde woote ɗe mbaɗata ngam laamu siwil e lewru oktoobar 1979. Ngu hollitii kadi peeje ngam sosde goomu ngam ƴettude doosgal leydi kesal, tawi ko Obasanjo ɓuri waawde suɓaade terɗe goomu nguu 49. E dow wasiyaaji Komiseer Irifeke, laamu nguu hollitii kadi sosde dowlaaji jeeɗiɗi kesi ; e dow tiiɗnaare Obasanjo, Abeokuta ina foti wonde laamorgo gooto e ɗeen dowlaaji kesi, hono Ogun. Kadi dow wasiyaaji komitiiru ndun, ɓe anndini anniyaaji seeɗa-seeɗa ngam wurtinki laamorgo lesdi Naajeeriya diga Lagos haa Abuja ɓurduɗum caka. E lewru Yarkomaa 1976, Obasanjo e Danjuma fof ƴettaa e jappeere Lietnaa-Seneraal. Murtala e Obasanjo fof ina ndartini darnde ngam haɗde koloñaal Oropnaaɓe jokkude e njiimaandi ɓaleeɓe tokosɓe e nder Afrik worgo, ɗum noon ko huunde nde ɓe cuɓii e politik maɓɓe caggal leydi. Ngolɗoo sabaabu ina ɓeydoo wontude ngoƴa Obasanjo. Caggal nde Angolaa heɓti jeytaare mum e juuɗe Portigaal, wolde ɓesngu addi e leydi hee. Naajeeriya anndi laabi laamu ngu MPLA, fedde marxist en nde Dental Sowiyet walli, sabu laamu luulndiingu FNLA e UNITA ina mballita e laamu ɓaleeɓe tokosɓe to Afrik worgo. Ko jiidaa e rokkude MPLA ballal kaalis, Niiseer fuɗɗiima ƴattaade leyɗeele Afrik goɗɗe ngam kadi jaɓde njuɓɓudi MPLA, e fuɗɗoode hitaande 1976 ko ɓuri heewde e dowlaaji e nder Fedde Ngootaagu Afrik (OAU) mbaɗii ɗum. E lewru feebariyee 1976, Obasanjo ardii delegaasiyoŋ Najeriya ngam mawninde hitaande MPLA to Luanda, ɗo o wiyi : « ko ñalngu maantiniingu, ko ɗum fuɗɗoode hare sakkitiinde ngam haɓaade koloñaal, imperiyaalisma e njiyaagu e nder Afrik ». Warngo Murtala : 13 feebariyee 1976 E lewru feebariyee 1976, kolonel Buka Suka Dimka waɗi kuudetaa e laamu Nijeer, tawi ko ndeen Seneraal Murtala Muhammed waraa. Eɓɓoore kadi waɗaama e nguurndam Obasanjo, kono neɗɗo mo fotaani waraa. Dimka ŋakkiraa ballal mawngal e nder militeer en, kuudetaa makko ronki, ɗum addani mo dogde. Obasanjo tawtoraaki wirwirnde Murtala to Kano, kono o hollitii laamu nguu ina jogori yoɓde mahngo juulirde e nokku ɗo o wirnaa ɗoo. Caggal nde o waraa, Obasanjo tawtoraama batu Diiso Toowngo Konu. O hollitii yiɗde makko woppude laamu, kono Diiso ngoo heɓiino ɗaɓɓude yo o lomto Murtala e gardagol leydi ndii. Ko ɗum waɗi o wonti hooreejo diiso ngoo.E nder kulhuli makko e ɓeydagol eɓɓooji e nguurndam makko, Obasanjo naati e nder kasoo Dodan, tawi 39 neɗɗo tuumaaɗo wonde e nder kuudetaa Dimka mbaraa, ɗum jibini tuumeede wonde jaabawol Obasanjo ngol ina heewi. Ko Obasanjo woni hooreejo leydi ndi, o huniima jokkude dawrugol Murtala. Hooreejo leydi konu (1976-1979) Triumvirat konu E anndude kulhuli gonɗi e woɗɗude yimɓe woyla Naajeeriya, Obasanjo addi Seneraal Shehu Yar'Adua ngam lomtaade mo e ɗiɗaɓo e gardagol hooreejo konu, gardiiɗo jaagorɗe toowɗo timminoowo triumvirate militeer en, Obasanjo woni hooreejo leydi e Seneraal Theophilus Stajumabli ngam laamaade dow tato we- laamu konu. Obasanjo hirjinii jeewte e nanondiral hakkunde Diiso Toowngo Konu. Heewɓe ina kaawaa hol ko waɗi Obasanjo – hono Yoruba e Kerecee – toɗɗaade Yar’Adua, tergal e aristokraasi worgo, yo won gardiiɗo ɗiɗaɓo mum, wonaa banndiiko Yoruba Kerecee. Obasanjo teeŋtinii kulhuli ngenndiiji e dow ɗi diiwanuuji ɗii ; o hirjini sukaaɓe e mawɓe fof nde njanngata fodoore ngenndiire hesere ndee e jimɗi ngenndiiji ɗii. Nafoore heɓde miijooji ɓurɗi yaajde, ñalnde aset kala omo waɗa seminar mo alaa ko woni e mum so wonaa toɓɓere nde yimɓe ɓe ngonaa politikaaji e gollotooɓe laamu noddata. Ina jeyaa e ɓe o ɗaɓɓirta wasiyaaji mum en, annduɓe lislaam e mawɓe aadaaji. Politik faggudu Obasanjo wondude e hooreejo leydi Amerik biyeteeɗo Jimmy Carter to galle laamorɗo Amerik e hitaande 1977 E cakkital kitaale 1970, leydi Naajeeriya ina joginoo faggudu ɓurndu heewde doole, tawi noon ko 34% e inflation. Ngam haɓugo bee caɗeele faggudu lesdi Naajeeriya, Obasanjo tokki dabareeji cemmbiɗinki ceede ngam ustugo ceede laamu. E nder bidsee makko 1976, Obasanjo eɓɓi ustude njoɓdi laamu nguu fotde feccere, ustude eɓɓaaɗe tedduɗe, tawa ina ɓeyda njoɓdi jaŋde, cellal, galleeji, e ndema. O sosi kadi goomu ngam haɓaade inflation, e nder hitaande wootere caggal nde Obasanjo heɓi laamu, inflation ustii haa 30%. Obasanjo ina heewi yiɗde ñamlude kaalis, kono e ballal Banke Adunayankeewo e Fonds Monétaire International, Nijeer ƴetti ñamlude miliyaaruuji 1 dolaar e fedde bankeeji. Ɓeen ñiŋooɓe leftist en mbiyi wonde waɗde ɗum ina addana leydi ndii ɗooftaade kapitaalisma. E nder duuɓi ɗiɗi garooji ɗii, laamu Obasanjo, Nijeer ƴettii 4 983 miliyoŋ dolaar goɗɗo. Naajeeriya ina wondi e ɓeydagol fotde 3% hitaande kala e nder kitaale 1970, huunde nde fotnoo ɓeydaade fotde laabi ɗiɗi e nder duuɓi 25 seeɗa. Obasanjo teskiima caggal ɗuum wonde o anndaa ɗum e oon sahaa, sibu laamu makko alaa politik e ƴellitde yimɓe. Ɓeydagol yimɓe leydi Naajeeriya addani ɓe ɓeydaade yaawde e nder gure mawɗe e ŋakkeende cuuɗi e nder gure. Ngam haɓaade ɗum, bidsee Obasanjo e hitaande 1976 hollitii peeje mahngo 200 000 galle keso haa hitaande 1980, hay so tawii noon ko 28 500 tan mahaa.E hitaande 1976, laamu Obasanjo kadi hollitii wonde ina jogori ƴellitde renndo e cogguuli. Ngam haɓaade jiiɓru seppooji gollotooɓe, e hitaande 1976 laamu Obasanjo yaltinii sariyaaji cifotooɗi ko ɓuri heewde e gollorɗe mawɗe ko sarwisaaji baɗɗi faayiida, haɗi seppooji e nder mum en, yamiri nanngugol ardiiɓe senndikaaji jiiɓru. E hitaande 1978 nde hawriti senndikaaji 42 e nder fedde wootere nde gollotooɓe e leydi Nijeer. Obasanjo jokki bee taskaramji tati mawɗi ngam ndiyam haa woyla lesdi Naajeeriya ɗi arannde anndinaama les Murtala: taskaramji maayo Kano, taskaramji Bakalori, e taskaramji ndiyam Chad Sud. Laamu makko kadi jokki eɓɓooji ƴellitaare ndema puɗɗanooɗi to Funtua, Gusau, e Gombe. Won eɓɓaaɗe ƴellitgol laddeeji kadi puɗɗaama ngam haɗde njiimaandi Saharaa to bannge worgo. Ngam heɓde ko ɓuri heewde e ɗaɓɓaande leydi ndii e kuuraa, Obasanjo ardiima udditgol eɓɓaaɗe ɗiɗi kese ngam ƴellitde kuuraa e nder ndiyam e ƴulɓe. Industry petrol heddii ko huunde mawnde e faggudu leydi Naajeeriya e les laamu Obasanjo, ministeer petrol hawtii e fedde petroŋ leydi Naajeeriya ngam sosde fedde petroŋ leydi Naajeeriya (NNPC). Obasanjo kadi wallitii sosde lowre liggorde to Bonny, nde NNPC yoɓi 62% ; eɓɓaande ndee ko lomto makko woppi ɗum e nder ɓeydagol coodguuli. Obasanjo jokki kadi e peewnugol njuɓɓudi njamndi mboɗeeri Ajaokuta, eɓɓaande ndonaandi nde heewɓe e ñiŋooɓe e nder sarwisaaji laamu mbiyata ko nde waawataa huutoreede. E nder cakkital kitaale 1970, Naajeeriya kadi ina wondi e ustaare ndema, ko ɗum huunde nde laamuuji jokkondirɗi ɗii njiyti ko ɓuri hoybude e naatde e nguura e nder leydi ndii. E lewru mee 1976, Obasanjo fuɗɗii « Operation Feed the Nation » (Operation Feed the Nation), woni eɓɓaande ngam wuurtinde ndema tokoosa, tawi ina jeyaa heen yoɓeede almudɓe ngam remde e nder balɗe juulde. Eɓɓaande ndee ina waɗi kadi momtugol njoɓɗeele e nguura jawdi e kaɓirɗe ndema, e ballal kuutoragol tovo ngo, e ustude njoɓɗeele ndema. E lewru marse 1978, Obasanjo yaltini kuulal kuutoragol leydi ndi rokki laamu nguu hakkeeji jeyi leydi e dow leydi ndii kala. Ɗum waɗiraa ko ngam haɗde njulaagu leydi e njulaagu leydi, kadi addani ɗum yetteede e bannge nano leydi Najeriya hay so tawii noon ko galleeji keewɗi jogiiɗi leydi njiɗaa ɗum. Obasanjo yiyri ɗum ko e geɗe teeŋtuɗe laamu mum. Obasanjo wallitorii reentaade Gowon ngam waɗde heen jawdi mum caggal leydi, o jokki e ɗeen politikaaji. Politik faggudu ngenndiyankaagal e nder sekteeruuji teeŋtuɗi ina usta njulaagu keeriiɗo, ɗum addani ɗum ustude njulaagu, hay so tawii noon daraniiɓe ɗum ɓee ina njetta Obasanjo ngam dartinde diisnondiral kaalis so renndinaama e ardiiɓe mum. Politikuuji nder leydi O (Obasanjo) jokki e ƴamol jaŋde leslesre winndereyankoore e nder leydi Najeriya, politik ronkaama e Gowon. O naatini sariya jaŋde leslesre e hitaande 1976 ; hakkunde 1975–76 e 1979–80, binnditagol e duɗe leslese ɗe njoɓaaka kono ɗe njiɗaa, ɓeydiima gila e miliyoŋaaji 6 haa 12,5 miliyoŋ, hay so tawii noon jannginooɓe e kaɓirɗe ina ŋakki ngam waawde huutoraade ɗaɓɓaande ndee. E hitaande jaŋde 1977–78, Obasanjo naatni jaŋde hakkundeere nde alaa ko yoɓetee e fannuuji karallaagal, huunde nde yaajnaa e denndaangal jaŋde hakkundeere e hitaande 1979–80. E oon sahaa gooto, leydi Naajeeriya ustii kaalis jaŋde toownde ; e hitaande 1978 nde woppi rokkude ñamaale almudɓe, nde ɓeydi fotde laabi tati njoɓdi nguura e hoɗorde duɗe jaaɓi haaɗtirde. Seppooji janngooɓe mbaɗi e nder gure keewɗe, waɗii warngooji baɗnooɗi e nder wuro Lagos e Zaria. E nder jaabawol fitinaaji ɗii, Obasanjo udditi duɗe jaaɓi-haaɗtirde keewɗe, haɗi golle politik e nder duɗe jaaɓi-haaɗtirde, haɗi kadi fedde janngooɓe leydi Najeriya. Tiiɗnaare ɗeen peeje ina gasa tawa ko sabu tuumeede wonde fitinaaji almudɓe ɗii ina njokkondiri e kuudetaa militeer peewnaaɗo e lewru feebariyee 1978. Obasanjo ina mettini e jikkuuji almudɓe seppooɓe ɓee, o wiyi wonde ɗum ina hollita ruttaade e nafooje aadaaji ko wayi no hormaade almudɓe. Ngam batte ɓamtaare laamu Naajeeriya, leydi ndi yi’i ɓamtaare mawnde nder kuuɗe laamu. Seedeeji peeñii ko feewti e fenaande mawnde e nder laamu leydi ndii, tee, so tawii tuume ɗee ina keewi waɗeede e Obasanjo e hoore mum, alaa seedeeji tiiɗɗi peeñi. Ngam haɗde natal njulaagu e nder laamu, laamu Obasanjo haɗii huutoraade otooji Mercedes ngam waɗde otooji laamu, e lomtaade ɗum en, ɓe mbaɗti heen otooji Peugeot 504 ɓurɗi hoybude Naatgol champagne kadi haɗaama. E ƴaañde taƴgol konu, laamu Obasanjo yiyri 12 000 soldaat ina ndartinaa e nder duuɓi 1976 e 1977. Ɗee konu njalti ko e nokkuuji kesi ngam wallitde ɗum en e jokkondirde e nguurndam siwil en. Obasanjo kadi ina tuuma wonde ko kañum woni sabaabu ƴaañgol politik. E nder yeewtere wootere maantiniinde, koɗorɗe jimoowo e daraniiɗo politik Najeriya biyeteeɗo Fela Kuti, Republique Kalakuta, yani, yani haa laaɓi, caggal nde tergal e fedde makko hawri e yimɓe konu. Fela e ɓesngu mum piyi, njuppaa, yumma mum mawɗo, daraniiɗo politik e yumma mum sosɗo Chief Funmilayo Ransome Kuti, werlaa e windo. Ɗum addani mo gaañiiɓe no feewi, haa arti noon e maayde makko. Fela caggal ɗuum nawti kees to galle hooreejo leydi ndii e oon sahaa to Dodan Barracks to Lagos ngam salaade ƴaañde laamu nguu e politik. Politik caggal leydi Hooreejo leydi Amerik biyeteeɗo Jimmy Carter ina wondi e Obasanjo e njillu mum to leydi Najeriya e hitaande 1978 Obasanjo ina yiɗi tabitinde leydi Najeriya no ardorde mawnde e nder Afrik nii, e nder laamu makko, doole mum e nder duunde nde ɓeydiima. O ummini dabare Gowon ngam waɗugo julde ɗiɗaɓre nder duuniyaaru ngam naalankaaku e pinal ɓaleeɓe e afriknaajo haa lesdi Naajeeriya; ɗum waɗi ko to Lagos e lewru feebariyee 1977, hay so tawii noon ñaawooɓe nder leydi ndii mbiyi ko ɗum huunde nde alaa ko nafata. Obasanjo hokkii ɗuuɗal teddungal dow Dental Faggudu lesɗe Afrik Hirnaange (ECOWAS) nden o mettini ɗuuɗɓe nder terɗe maako ɗemngal Farayse ɓaawo o wi'i, bana no Naajeeriya ɓuri wallugo ceede ngam hukuuma kan, Naajeeriya foti jaɓɓaago hukuumaaji pamari ɗin haa Lagos. Jokkondiral e Ganaa ɓadiiɗo kadi ustii ; e hitaande 1979, leydi Nijeer taƴii petroŋ e nder leydi ndii ngam salaade warngooji luulndiiɓe politik ɗi laamu kesu ngu Jerry Rawlings wari. E laamu Obasanjo, Naajeeriya ustii jokkondiral mum juutngal e leydi Angalteer, ɓeydi jokkondirde e leyɗeele dentuɗe Amerik. Obasanjo ina yiɗi laamu hooreejo leydi Amerik biyeteeɗo Jimmy Carter, cuɓaaɗo e hitaande 1976, sabu Carter ina joginoo darnde tiiɗnde ngam tabitinde laamu ɓurngu heewde e Afrik worgo. Ambasadeer Carter to leydi Nijeer, hono Andrew Young, waɗii sehilaagal tiiɗngal e Obasanjo, Carter yilliima leydi Nijeer e hitaande 1978. Kono tan, kuulal ngam waylude alkule ɗee waɗiraa ko ngam dalillaaji laaɓtuɗi, wonaa miijooji ; yiytude petroŋ e nder maayo worgo firti ko Angalteer wontii ƴaañoowo wonaa soodoowo petroŋ Nijeer.Laamu Obasanjo kadi ina mettini heen no feewi nde Angalteer salii yoɓde Gowon, ina sikka wonde laamu Angalteer ina waawi wonde e kuudetaa mo Murtala waɗi. Ngam ɗeeɗoo hujjaaji, e hitaande 1976 nde miijii dartinde jokkondiral dipolomaasi e Angalteer, kono haa jooni nde dartinaani. Obasanjo noon saliima yahde Angalteer, o semmbini ardiiɓe makko waɗde ɗum. Jokkondiral ngal ɓeydii bonde nde Margaret Thatcher wonti gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi Angalteer e hitaande 1979, o fuɗɗii waɗde feere ɓurnde welde e njuɓɓudi laamu ɓaleeɓe tokosɓe to Rodesi e Afrik worgo. E nder jaabawol ngol, Naajeeriya nanngi laanawol ndiyam lesdi Naajeeriya, ngol ɓe tammi ɗon nastina petrol Naajeeriya haa lesdi Naajeeriya, ɓe haɗi hukuumaaji pamari Biritaniya ngam heɓugo kuuɗe Naajeeriya, ɓe nastini kuuɗe BP haa lesdi Naajeeriya. Obasanjo ina yiɗi kadi yaawnaade joofnude laamu ɓaleeɓe tokosɓe e nder Afrik worgo ; e wiyde Iliffe, ɗum wonti « cakkital politik makko caggal leydi ». Naajeeriya hokki ballal ngam haɓugo bee laamu daneeji nder diiwal ngal, hokki hukuumaaji pamari ɗi'i uddita birooji haa Lagos, nden hokki hukuumaaji pamari ɗin ɗon hokka mooɓgal feere-feere dogguɓe laamuuji lesdi Afrika fombinaari. E ƴettude peeje tiiɗɗe ngam haɓaade laamu apartaayd to Afrik worgo, Obasanjo hollitii wonde Nijeer naatataa e Olimpiyaaji 1976 sabu leydi Nuwel Selannde, tawtoraaɗo kawgel ngel, ina joginoo jokkondiral e Afrik worgo, leydi ndi haɗaa tawtoreede kawgel ngel sabu apartaayd. E hitaande 1977, Obasanjo haɗi kala kontraaji jokkondirɗi e Afrik worgo golloraade e nder leydi Nijeer ; sosiyateeji mawɗi ɗi njippii ɗii ko petroŋ Angalteer e Banke Barclays. E ndeen hitaande kadi, leydi Nijeer yuɓɓinii batu Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe ngam haɓaade apartaayd to Lagos, Obasanjo yilliima Amerik e lewru oktoobar ɗo o wiyi leydi ndii yo woppu yeeyde kaɓirɗe to Afrik worgo. Nde o woni nder leydi ndi'i o wolwi haa kawtal hoore lesdi ndi'i nden asaweeje ɗiɗi ɓaawo man Naajeeriya heɓi jooɗorde nder kawtal lesdi ndi'i. Fiilde Margaret Thatcher e hitaande 1979 ngam wonde gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi Angalteer, addani jokkondiral Angalteer e Niiseer bonnude ; Obasanjo miijii ko o yurmeende no feewi e laamuuji daneeji tokoosi e nder Afrik worgo Luulndaade laamu ɓaleeɓe tokosɓe e nder leydi Rodesi, addaniino hare Bush e nder leydi Rodesi, laamu Obasanjo ina jokki e wiyde wonde ko hare balɗe tan woni feere ngam foolde laamu Rodesi. O hirjinii ngootaagu hakkunde pelle ceertuɗe luulndiiɗe laamu toon, o wiyi Robert Mugabe, hooreejo ZANU, yo jaɓ ardaade luulndiiɗo makko, hono Joshua Nkomo mo ZAPU. E hitaande 1977, Angalteer e Amerik ciifi eɓɓaaɗe ngam waylude laamu ɓurngu heewde e Rodesi, e nder yonta mo leydi ndii woni e les njiimaandi doole Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe. Obasanjo jaɓii eɓɓaande ndee, o yilliima Tansani, Sammbi, Mosammbik, e Republiik Demokaratik Konngo ngam wiyde laamuuji mum en yo mbaɗ noon. Kono caggal nde Thatcher wonti gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi Angalteer, leydi Nijeer woɗɗitii hoore mum e darnde Angalteer ngam haɗde wolde Bush Rhodesian, o woppitaa kala darnde teeŋtunde e nder golle ɗe Angalteer waɗi, ɗe ngaddani wooteeji demokaraasi ɗi leƴƴi keewɗi mbaɗi e hitaande... Ko o hooreejo leydi, Obasanjo tawtoraama batuuji OAU. E oon sahaa yuɓɓinaa e lewru sulyee 1977, o eɓɓi sosde goomu jooɗiiɗo ngam haɓaade luural hakkunde leyɗeele jeyaaɗe e OAU. E batu 1978, o jeertinii wonde banngeeji ɗiɗi ɗii fof ina poti naatde e wolde huuɓtodinnde. E nder batu garoowo oo, o wiyi yo konu Pan-Afriknaajo sose, baawɗo waɗde golle ngam hisnude jam e nder duunde he. Ngam ɓamtuki darnde lesdi Naajeeriya nder duuniyaaru, Obasanjo nasti nder kuuɗe feere-feere ɗe lesdi Naajeeriya nder Afrika fuu. E hitaande 1977, o heɓtinii Benin e Togo yoo ndartin luural hakkunde keeri mum en, nguddita keeri mum en. O etinooma kadi haɓaade luural hakkunde leyɗeele keewɗe Fuɗnaange Afrik, o haɗa ɗum kadi ruttaade e Dental Fuɗnaange Afrik, kono o dañii heen caɗeele. Ko o hooreejo goomu jokkondire OAU, o etinooma jokkondire Ogaden hakkunde Ecoppi e Somali kono kadi o dañaani. O waawaano kadi feewnude luural peeñngal hakkunde Angalteer e leydi Konngo. E innde OAU, Obasanjo waɗii batu to Kano ngam haɓaade hare hakkunde leyɗeele Caad. Feddeeji keewɗi njaɓii darnude wolde, sosde laamu ngootaagu ngenndi, e accude konu leydi Najeriya ina waɗa jam. Hare nden noon jokki, Naajeeriya jaabtii e taƴde petroŋ mum to Caad. Koolol ɗiɗmol ko faati e hare ndee waɗii to Lagos e lewru ut 1979, ɗum addani laamu nguu sosde laamu nguu, ngu juutaani. E hitaande sakkitiinde e laamu makko konu, o ardii golle OAU ngam safrude wolde Saharaa hirnaange. Jaltugol laamu Laamu militeer en hawri ko e goomu ƴettugol doosɗe leydi ngam ƴettude doosgal kesal potngal huutoreede e nder mbayliigu laamu siwil. Goomu nguu hollitii wonde Naajeeriya ina foti waylude laamu mum, ngu tuugii ko e laamu parlemaa leydi Angalteer, ngu tuugnii e laamu hooreejo leydi Amerik, ɗo hooreejo leydi gooto cuɓaaɗo woni hooreejo leydi e hooreejo laamu. Ngam haɗude oo hooreejo leydi wontude diktatoor, hono no waɗirnoo e nokkuuji goɗɗi e nder Afrik nii, o ɗaɓɓi ƴeewndorɗe keewɗe e doole maɓɓe, haa arti noon e njuɓɓudi fedde nde, ɗo juɓɓule cuɓaaɗe keertiiɗe ngoni ɗoo e to bannge fedde, to bannge dowri, to bannge nokkuuji. Eɓɓaande doosgal leydi ndii yaltinaa ko e lewru oktoobar 1976, nde yeewtidaa e yeeso yimɓe fof e hitaande aroore ndee.Asamblee doosgal leydi hawri ngam yeewtidde e eɓɓaande doosgal leydi ndii e lewru oktoobar 1977. Asaambele leydi ndii ina jokki e ƴeewde hol darnde nde sariya sharia rokkata e nder doosgal leydi ndii. Obasanjo noddii dental ngal, o jeertini ɓe batte kuulal ngal ɓe mbaɗi e renndo, o wiyi ɓe yo ɓe ƴettu jikkuuji ɓurɗi moƴƴude. E lewru suwee 1978, Diiso toowngo konu (Conseil suprême militaire) habri doosɗe leydi kese ɗee ; nde waɗiino waylooji keewɗi e mbaydi ndi asaambele doosgal leydi ndii ƴetti. Yanti e doosgal kesal ngal, Obasanjo itti haɗde lanndaaji politik. Ndeen pelle keewɗe mbaɗii ngam tawtoreede wooteeji garooji ɗii, ko ɓuri teeŋtude heen ko lannda ngootaagu Yoruba, lannda yimɓe Naajeeriya, e lannda ngenndiijo Naajeeriya. Obasanjo mettini heen no feewi nde tawnoo heewɓe e dawriyankooɓe ina mbaɗa fodoore nde ɓe mbaawataa ɗooftaade. Woote ɗee mbaɗi ko e nder lewru sulyee e lewru ut 1979. Wootooɓe ɓee ina pamɗi, ko hakkunde 30 e 40% e wootooɓe winnditiiɓe e sariya, tee ina waɗi fenaande banngeeji keewɗi, hay so tawii noon ko jam. Wonno ko jeewte ko fayti e hol keɓɗo woote hooreleydaagu, Obasanjo salii ñaawde, o wiyi yo Komisariyaa woote ƴetta oon darnde.Ɓe kollitii wonde Shehu Shagari woni keɓɗo, huunde nde gardiiɗo ɗiɗaɓo oo, hono Obafemi Awolowo, luulndii to Ñaawirde Toownde, tawi o dañaani heen nafoore. Shagari ƴetti laamu ko e lewru oktoobar 1979 ; e nder kewu udditgol makko, Obasanjo rokki Shagari koppi doosgal leydi kesal. Ko ɗum woni fuɗɗoode Republique ɗiɗaɓere leydi Najeriya. Darnde Obasanjo nder wartirki lesdi Naajeeriya haa laamu siwil, ɗum laatoto darnde woore nde o jogi nder duuɓi cappanɗe ɗiɗi garooji. Kono yimɓe heewɓe e nder leydi ndii e caggal leydi, ina jeyaa heen hooreejo leydi Zambie, hono Kenneth Kaunda e hooreejo leydi Togo, hono Gnassingbé Eyadéma, ina ɗaɓɓi e makko yo o heddo e laamu. Jaɓde makko wallitde Awolowo, banndiiko Yoruba, addani mo gaño ko heewi e elite Yoruba. Awolowo tuumi Obasanjo ko kanko woni orkestraaji Shagari, huunde nde Obasanjo yeddi no feewi. Ko adii laamu (1979-1999) Ko adii nde o yaltata laamu, e lewru abriil 1979, Obasanjo ƴetti hoore mum e darnde seneraal ; ko o seneraal koode nay o jokki e heɓde njoɓdi dowla. Nde o woppi golle e lewru oktoobar, o arti Abeokuta. Caggal nde o waɗi kursus jonte jeegom to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde heblo ndema, Obasanjo ƴetti hoore mum e ndema, omo ɗaminii waɗde yeru e hirjinde ƴellitaare ndema. O heɓi ko famɗi fof 230 ektaar leydi to Ota ngam sosde ngesa makko, o naati ɗoon e galle ngesa birik. Wonno ko gaññeeje nokkuyankooje e dañde leydi ndi haa heewi, ñaawirɗe keewɗe ngaddaama e makko sabu ɗuum. Golle makko ndema yuɓɓinaama e fedde makko wiyeteende Temperance, caggal ɗuum o inniri ɗum « Obasanjo’s Farms Limited ». O waɗti heen hakkille teeŋtuɗo e ndema colli ; e cakkital kitaale 1980, ngesa makko ina ɓuuɓna 140 000 cukalel e yontere. O sosi kadi gese e nder gure goɗɗe to bannge worgo-fuɗnaange, e hitaande 1987 gese makko ina njogii ko ina tolnoo e 400 gollotooɗo e nokkuuji jeetati. Hono no yimɓe Yoruba woɗɓe lolluɓe nii, Obasanjo ina wallitnoo almudɓe miskineeɓe to duɗal makko ɓooyngal to Abeokuta. Obasanjo ɓeydii ñiŋde laamu siwil Shagari, o wiyi hooreejo leydi ndii ina famɗi semmbe, ina ŋakkiraa peeje. Naajeeriya nasti nder ɓillaaji faggudu ngam waylaaki coggu petrol nder duuniyaaru. E lewru mee 1983, mawɓe konu ɗaɓɓiri Obasanjo nde ƴettata laamu leydi ndii kadi, kono o salii. E lewru desaambar, ɓe liɓi Shagari tawi Obasanjo alaa heen, e nder kuudetaa mo yiyaani fitinaaji seeɗa. Muhammadu Buhari laati hooreejo lesdi sooje'en keso. Obasanjo fuɗɗii wallugo laamu Buhari, o wi'i demokaraasi wakiili'en ɗon ƴaɓɓitoo haa lesdi Naajeeriya. O yetti Buhari ngam haɓugo bee cemmbiɗinki lesdi, o ɗon mari feccere nder nastirde lesdi, nden o ɗon wartira budget booɗɗum. E lewru ut 1985, Buhari kadi liɓaama, hooreejo konu Ibraahiima Babangida ƴetti laamu. Obasanjo ina ñiŋa won e peeje faggudu ɗe Babangida waɗi, haa arti noon e ustude njoɓdi naira. E hitaande 1992, luulndaare makko e laamu Babangida addani mo noddude yo leydi Najeriya artire demokaraasi. O fuɗɗii kadi salaade politikaaji faggudu (indigenisation) e kitaale 1970, o wiyi doosɗe leydi ina poti haɗde ƴettugol jawdi caggal leydi. E nder ɗuum, o sikki laamu nguu ina foti teeŋtinde ƴellitaare nde laamu nguu ardii. O ɓeydii hulɓinaade ko ɓeydagol yimɓe, toɓɓere nde o yejjitaani nde o woni e laamu, o wiyi Naajeeriyankooɓe yo njogo ɓesnguuji tokoosi "ngam nafoore faggudu maɓɓe e renndo-faggudu ngenndi". E nder duuɓi sappo e go’o caggal nde Obasanjo woppi laamu, o yaltinii defte nay. E hitaande 1980, Obasanjo wonnoo ko tedduɗo to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Ibadan, ɗo o winndi deftere wiyeteende My Command, daartol ko faati e geɗe makko e nder wolde hakkunde leyɗeele ; nde yalti ko e lewru noowammbar ndeen hitaande. Won e janngooɓe ñiŋii ko ɓe njiyri ko Obasanjo ina ŋakkira Murtala Muhammed, Robert Adeyinka Adebayo, mawɗo politik Yoruba, wiyi yo deftere ndee yaltine ngam haɗde nde aawde feccere. Ƴeewirde ɓurnde moƴƴude ndee waɗi ko sehil makko, hono Ken Saro-Wiwa, o innitiri ɗum masterly kono o sikki ko ɗum waɗi ballal rewindaade no feewi. E hitaande 1987, o yaltini Nzeogwu, deftere ciimtol sehil makko Chukwuma Nzeogwu, mo o gollodtonoo to Konngo. Hitaande 1989, deftere Obasanjo yaltini, wiyeteende Doosgal leydi ngam naatgol e ƴellitaare, nde o jeertini e hujjaaji Babangida ngam sosde laamu lanndaaji ɗiɗi e nder leydi Najeriya. E hitaande 1990, deftere makko tataɓere, wiyeteende Not my volonté yalti. Nde rokki ciimtol sahaa nde o laaminoo leydi ndii. Golle hakkunde leyɗeele: 1979-1993 E hitaande 1986 Obasanjo jokkondiri e Nelson Manndelaa. O hollitii wonde "ko kawral ngal meeɗaa yejjiteede. Mi yiyii e [Mandelaa] Afriknaajo worgo, ko Afriknaajo tigi rigi, kadi ko gardiiɗo winndere mo alaa ko woni e mum. O ɓuri ardiiɓe ɓe min kawri e mum en e nder Afrik worgo ɓee fof." E yiɗde jogaade semmbe e dingiral winnderewal, Obasanjo udditi Fedde Ardorde Afrik e nder ngesa mum Ota. Tuggi 1981 haa 1982, o jooɗiima kadi e Komiseer Palme, fedde nde gonnooɗo gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi Suwed, hono Olof Palme ardii, yeewtidnde ko fayti e ustude kaɓirɗe e kisal winndere. Obasanjo rewi heen ko e jeyeede e goomuuji nannduɗi e ɗii ɗoo, wonande Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe, Fedde Adunaare Cellal, e Goomu hakkunde-leyɗeewu ardiiɓe laamuuji ɓooyɗi. Nde Javier Pérez de Cuéllar, hooreejo Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe rafi, Obasanjo hiisetee ko potɗo lomtaade mo. Caggal nde Pérez de Cuéllar holliti woppii laamu, Obasanjo fuɗɗii kampaañ ngam lomtaade mo. E woote Goomu Kisal Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe, o woni tataɓo, tawi ko Boutros Boutros-Ghali, Ejiptnaajo, ƴetti darnde ndee. O yalti galle makko e njilluuji keewɗi; e hitaande 1986 o yilliima Japon, e hitaande 1987 o yilliima U.S. E nder luural hakkunde leyɗeele dentuɗe Amerik ngam yiɗde ɓurde yooɗde e Afrik worgo, nanondiraama wonde fedde wiyeteende Eminent Persons Group (EPG) ina sosee ngam fuɗɗoraade kaaldigal e laamu Afrik worgo ngam wallitde ɗum e ustude apartaayd. E dow wasiyaaji cukko hooreejo leydi Naajeeriya, hono Emeka Anyaoku, Obasanjo suɓaama ngam ardaade fedde nde e wonndude e gonnooɗo gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi Ostarali, hono Malcolm Fraser. Obasanjo jaɓi e dow fenaande. E lewru feebariyee 1986, kanko e Fraser ɓe njahi to wuro wiyeteengo Cape Town ɗo ɓe naamndii ngam hawritde e Nelson Manndelaa, daraniiɗo apartaayd, tergal mawngal e nder fedde wiyeteende Congres National Africaine (ANC) haɗaande. Ko Obasanjo tan yamiraa jokkondirde e Manndelaa ; o wiyi caggal ɗuum wonde omo weltii e makko no feewi. Ndeen Obasanjo hawrii e mawɓe ANC wonɓe e egguɓe to Lusaka. E lewru marse 1986, EPG oo fof yilliima Afrik worgo, e nder yonta mo jiiɓru e fitinaaji nder galleeji ɓeydii mawnude.Ko ɗoon ɓe kawri e mawɓe laamu nguu, ina jeyaa heen gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi ndii hono P. W. Botha, mo Obasanjo siftini caggal ɗuum wonde ko neɗɗo ɓurɗo muñde mo meeɗaa hawrude. Ciimtol EPG ngol hollitii wonde, so tawii ko ɓuri heewde e yimɓe Afrik worgo ina njiɗi nanondiral ngal alaa ko bonnata hakkunde laamu nguu e pelle luulndiiɗe apartaayd, gadano oo yiɗaa miijaade ɗum, tee alaa ko yahri yeeso no feewi ngam joofnude apartaayd. EPG noon hollitii wonde ina haani ɓeydaade tiiɗnaade e nder winndere ndee. Goomu Commonwealth jaɓii ko ciimtol ngol holliti, tawi Angalteer ina luulndii ɗum ; ɗum addani Obasanjo ɓeydaade mettinde Thatcher. Ndeen Commonwealth yamirii mo yo o ardo goomu ngam yuurnitaade ko Dowlaaji Dentuɗi ɗii poti daranaade koye mum en e njiimaandi Afrik worgo. Caggal nde Botha lomtinaa F. W. de Klerk, ooɗoo ɗiɗaɓo yaltini Manndelaa kasoo. Ina jeyaa e ɗanle Mandelaa gadane caggal leydi, to Niiseer, ɗo o yilli Obasanjo to galle mum. Lebbi ɗiɗi caggal ɗuum, Obasanjo ardii delegaasiyoŋ Najeriya to Afrik worgo ngam yeewtidde e yimɓe mawɓe politik. E lewru suwee 1991, o yilliima kadi, o wiyi hooreejo Zulu en, hono Mangosuthu Buthelezi, yo waɗ kaaldigal e pelle goɗɗe ngam wallitde dartinde apartaayd e waɗde woote timmuɗe. Obasanjo kadi golliima e ƴellitaare nokkuuji goɗɗi e nder Afrik. O yilliima Angalteer laabi ɗiɗi e nder hitaande 1988, o wallitii e darnde ngam joofnude wolde hakkunde leyɗeele toon. O yilliima kadi Sudaan laabi tati hakkunde 1987 e 1989, tawi o dañaani heen nafoore, o hirjinii kaaldigal ngam joofnude wolde ɗiɗmere Sudaan. Ndeen o wonii ƴeewoowo e wooteeji gardagol leydi Mosammbik e hitaande 1994. E hitaande 1994 e 1995, o yilliima Burundi, o golliima ngam deeƴnude caɗeele hakkunde leƴƴi Hutu en e Tutsi en. O fuɗɗinooma noddude jokkondiral ɓurngal ɓadaade e nder Afrik, o wiyi ɗum ina waawi heɓtineede e sosde feddeeji jeegom diiwaanuuji. E lewru suwee 1987, o ƴettiino peeje ngam yuɓɓinde Fedde Ardorde Afrik, nde wallitta rokkude karallaagal e heblo wonande politikaaji ummoriiɗi e duunde he kala. Nde fuɗɗii waɗde batuuji, anndiraaɗi « Dialogues de la maison de la ferme » , gila e galle Obasanjo fotde laabi jeegom e nder hitaande. Kadi nde waɗii batuuji winndereeji kala lewru, nde yaltinii jaaynde kala lewru, wiyeteende “Forum Afrique” hakkunde 1991 e 1993. Haɓde e Abacha: 1992-1995 Obasanjo hollitii kulhuli mum, sibu, hay so tawii o wiyi ina wallita gartugol demokaraasi, Babangida alaa ko anniyaaki so wonaa woppude laamu konu. Caggal nde wooteeji gardagol leydi ndi ndarnaa e hitaande 1992, Obasanjo e Anthony Enahoro ndarni fedde ngam demokaraasi e laamu moƴƴu e nder leydi Najeriya. Joɗnde adannde fedde ndee hawri ko e 31 neɗɗo politik nder leydi to Ota e lewru mee 1993. Wooteeji mbaɗi caggal ɗuum e lewru suwee 1993, tawi yimɓe seeɗa tawtoraama. Moshood Abiola mo lannda Social Democratic (SDP) heɓi, kono Babangida ndeen woppii njeñtudi woote ɗee, fodaniino woote ɗiɗmere ko ɓooyaani. SDP salii kala woote ɗiɗmere nde tawnoo ɓe mbiyi ko kanndidaa maɓɓe heɓiino woote gadane ɗee. Ndeen Babangida jaɓii woppude laamu ngam suɓaade laamu siwil jooɗiiɗo, ngu Ernest Shonekan ardii, ngu heɓi laamu e lewru ut 1993, ngu ƴetti peeje ngam waɗde wooteeji kesi e lewru feebariyee 1994. Seneraal Sani Abacha siftinii gooto e gorko gooto, mo wondude e do-gooders woɗɓe, eɓɓi ñaamde wumre ndee. Heddiiɓe ɓee mbayliima tan, oo Samariyanke nannduɗo e moƴƴo [...] arti ngam ƴettude pot suukara e juuɗe wumre ndee ngam hoore mum. Kadi, ko ɓuri heewde e men Nijeernaaɓe, ko en ƴeewooɓe, en mbeltiima. E nder kala sababuuji, ŋakkaani tawtoraaɓe e ñaamde ndee. Kadi ɓe ngoppaani batte moraal. — Obasanjo, e dow kuudetaa Sani Abacha, hitaande 1994 E oon sahaa, Sani Abacha tiiɗtinii doole mum e konu, e lewru noowammbar 1993, o felliti Shonekan yo woppu laamu, o acci hoore makko ƴettude laamu. Obasanjo noddiino Abacha ko adii kuudetaa oo, ina ñaagii ɗum nde woppataa ngalɗoo laawol. Caggal nde Abacha heɓti laamu, o wiyi Obasanjo yo jokkondir e makko. Ko sakkitii koo waɗii, kono salii wallitde laamu Abacha haa nde anndini ñalngu ngu yaltata e hoore mum. Ndeen Abacha momtii lanndaaji politik gonɗi ɗii e juɓɓule demokaraasiije, o noddi politikaaji ummoriiɗi e nokkuuji ceertuɗi yo naata e Diisnondiral makko Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe ; Obasanjo salii toɗɗaade hay gooto e ndeeɗoo diiso. Obasanjo fuɗɗi jeertinde wonde Naajeeriya ina yahra e wolde hakkunde leyɗeele woɗnde e nder feccere leƴƴi, e lewru mee 1994 kanko e Yar'Adua ɓe ndarni fedde wiyeteende National Unity Promoters, fedde daraniinde haɗde ndeeɗoo feere. E lewru Juko, Abiola anndini hoore mum hooreejo lesdi Naajeeriya, nden o nanngaama ngam janfa. Hay so tawii Obasanjo saliima jaɓde haala Abiola, o wasiyiima Abacha nde woppataa ɗum. Ndeen o ardiima fedde ardiiɓe aadaaji e batu ngu ɓe ndarni ngam fuɗɗoraade kaaldigal hakkunde Abacha e Abiola. Jaɓugo maako wallugo Abiola mettini Yoruba'en ɗuuɗɓe, jawdi Obasanjo haa lesdi Yoruba'en ɗon ƴama.Obasanjo mettini bee ko o yi'i bana jukkungo ngam o wallitaako nafuuda sectari'en Yoruba'en. E lewru marse 1995, Obasanjo ina wonnoo to leydi Danemark ngam tawtoreede batu Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe ngam ɓamtaare renndo to Kopenhag. Nde o woni ton, o nani Yar'Adua nanngaama, malla o heɓan bana non to o warti Naajeeriya. O wiyi noon o wiyi alaa ko o waɗi, o felliti hootde. Waɗi sahaa gooto to Aeroport Lagos, passport makko nanngaa, janngo mum, polis ƴetti mo e galle makko Ota. Polis tuumi Obasanjo ina jokkondiri e kuudetaa mo Abacha waɗi, mo kolonel Lawan Gwadabe yuɓɓini. Obasanjo nawtaama hakkunde nokkuuji deentorɗi ceertuɗi, tawi gonnooɗo hooreejo leydi Amerik hono Carter e hoore mum jokkondirii e Abacha ngam ɗaɓɓude yo Obasanjo woppe. Ndeen Obasanjo artiraama to Ota, o waɗtaa e kasoo fotde lebbi ɗiɗi, e nder ɗuum o haɗaama heɓde jaayɗe, telefoŋ, walla njilluuji. Goɗɗo e tuumaaɗo wonde ina jeyaa e kuudetaa oo, hono Kolonel RSB Bello-Fadile, awokaa konu, ina wondi e caɗeele, e nder ɗuum o siifondiri e bayyinaango wonde o yahiino to Ota ngam humpitaade Obasanjo ko fayti e kuudetaa oo no woniri e peewnugol. Ɗum huutoraama ngam seedeeji ngam ñaawde Obasanjo e suuɗde fenaande, ko ɗum huunde nde sariyaaji leydi Najeriya mbaɗi.Ndeen o nawaama to nokku naamne kisal leydi ndii to Ikoyi. Abacha wiyi yo Obasanjo ñaawe e yeeso ñaawirdu konu, ñaawirdu nduu waɗi ñalnde 19 suwee 1995. E nder ñaawoore ndee, Obasanjo yedditii wonde RSB Bello-Fadile meeɗaa hawrude e makko. RSB Bello-Fadile kadi hollitii wonde o siifondirii e bayyinaango ngo Obasanjo jogori waɗde e dow doole, kono ñaawirdu nduu saliima ndeeɗoo ruttaade. Ñalnde 14 sulyee, ñaawirde ndee ñaawi Obasanjo duuɓi 25 kasoo ; Yar'Adua e woɗɓe sappo e nayo kadi tuumaaɗo wonde e nder fedde nde, ñaawaama warngo.Obasanjo caggal ɗuum noddi ɗum "ñalngu mum ɓurngu mettude". Caggal nde hooreejo leydi Amerik biyeteeɗo Bill Clinton holliti wonde leydi mum ina jogori haɗde petroŋ leydi Naajeeriya so tawii ɗeen warngooji mbaɗii, Abacha wayli ñaawoore maɓɓe, o ustii ñaawoore Obasanjo haa duuɓi 15. Kasoo: 1995-1998 Obasanjo waɗi lebbi nay garooji ɗii ko e nokku biyeteeɗo Ikoyi Centre, ɗo o fuɗɗii nanngeede e nder kasoo gooto. Ndeen o nawaama to kasoo mawɗo Lagos, Kirikiri, ɗo o woni e opitaal kasoo ngam rafi hipertension e jabet. Sarɗiiji Kirikiri ina keewi, ina ŋakki, Obasanjo wiyi wonde « yiɗaa ɗum e gaño am ɓurɗo bonde ». Ko ɗoon RSB Bello-Fadile ñaagii Obasanjo yaafuya sabu mum ƴattaade ɗum, Obasanjo yaafni ɗum. Ndeen winndannde nde RSB Bello-Fadile winndi ngam humpitaade ngonka kaa, yaltinaama e kasoo, yaltinaa, wallitii hollirde wonde Obasanjo alaa ko o waɗi. Caggal jonte keewɗe, Obasanjo e woɗɓe tuumaaɓe waɗde fedde ndee, njaltinaama to kasoo Jos to diiwaan hakkundeejo, to diiwaan Plateau ɗo ɓe ngoni lebbi keewɗi. Obasanjo fuɗɗinoo hokkaama tan ko Biibal e Quraana ngam janngude, kono seeɗa-seeɗa o acci binndi ɓurɗi yaajde. Binndol kadi ina rokka mo, ina addana mo jokkondirde e yimɓe e juɓɓule ceertuɗe, haa jooni Stella ina jaɓa yillaade mo lewru kala laawol gootol. Mandelaa e Pape Jean Paul II fof noddii yo o woppe, tawi noon sosiyeteeji Inndo e Almaañ fof ina ndokki mo njeenaaje winndereeje.Forum ardorde Afrik yaltinii defte ɗiɗi ɓataakeeji e binndanɗe binndaaɗe ngam teddinde mo ; Forum oo e hoore mum dogiino ummoraade Accra to Ganaa ngam daɗde e tooñanngeeji laamu Abacha. E fuɗɗoode hitaande 1996, Obasanjo ummiima Jos, fayti e kasoo ɓurɗo woɗɗude to Yola, to diiwaan Adamawa. Ko ɗoon o jaɓaa remde gesa.[194] Obasanjo hollitii wonde e nder kasoo o ɓeydii luggiɗde e goonɗinal makko e Kerecee’en, o ɓadtii Alla,[194] o wonti Kerecee’en jibinaaɗo.[195] Gila ndeen, diine kerecee en ina joginoo darnde ɓurnde mawnude e nder yi’annde makko aduna. To Yola, o waajii 28 waaju yontere kala caggal nde jaagorɗe njilluuji ndartinaa e wakkati seeɗa. O winndi ɗeen waajuuji, o acci ɗi njaltina nde o yalti.[195] Obasanjo kadi etinooma moƴƴinde yoga e sukaaɓe kasoo, rewrude e yahrude yeeso maɓɓe nde o wonti neɗɗo dimo.[196] Obasanjo hulii wonde maa o tooke, haa teeŋti noon e nder haalaaji renndo wonde maayde Yar'adua ko tooke anniya.[197] Abacha sankii ɗoon e ɗoon e lewru suwee 1998, caggal ɗuum komanndaaji konu nguu toɗɗii Seneraal Major Abdulsalaami Abubakar lomto makko. Yontere caggal mum, Abubakar yamiri yo Obasanjo woppe, o neldi laana ndiwoowa ngam artirde mo to Ota.[197] E yiɗde wartirde leydi Naajeeriya e laamu siwil, Abubakar fusi lanndaaji e juɓɓule leydi ndi gonɗe heen ɗee, o anndini peeje ɗe ngaddanta hooreejo leydi siwil toɗɗaade e lewru mee 1999.[198] Kampaañ ngam suɓaade hooreejo leydi : 1998-1999 Jooni ko o neɗɗo dimo, Obasanjo yahiino Afrik worgo, Angalteer, e Amerik, ɗo o safraa.[199] Lanndaaji politik kesi ina mbaɗa e nder leydi Najeriya, gooto e ɓurɓe mawnude e majji ko lannda Demokaraasi Leƴƴi (PDP), fedde nde yiɗnoo ko yaajde no feewi, so tawii ko e laamu, nde haɗata kuudetaaji garooji.[199] Terɗe PDP mawɗe ndartinii Obasanjo ngam wonde kanndidaa hooreejo leydi. Ɓe cikkatnoo ko omo waawi yamirde teddungal winnderewal, kadi ko o neɗɗo militeer, omo waawi jogaade leydi ndii e dow kuudetaaji garooji e dille seertuɗe. Ɓe mbi'i kadi Naajeeriya ɗon mari haaje hooreejo lesdi fombina ngam foondugo ardungal maako arandewal haa woyla, nden Obasanjo holli hoore maako bana fombina mo walaa ƴamol dow fombina.[200] Sehilaaɓe e ɓesngu ina mbiya yo o dog, mbiyi o bonnat innde makko moƴƴere walla o wara. Obasanjo hollitii wonde o saliima, kono ñalnde 28 lewru nduu o naati e lannda PDP, yontere caggal ɗuum o hollitii wonde o woni ko e waɗde hoore makko ngam wonde kanndidaa hooreejo lannda ka.[201] E nder kampaañ makko, o teeŋtinii yiɗde makko artirde ko o sikki ko ndonu laamu moƴƴu nde o yalti e laamu e hitaande 1979.[202] E nder dingiral mooftugol kaalis, o dañii N356 miliyoŋ, heen N120 miliyoŋ ko njulaagu Aliko Dangote rokki ɗum. Ko ɓuri heewde e ɗeen dokke ummorii ko e worɓe militeer en e njuɓɓudi njulaagu kesiri.[202] O yilliima leydi ndii, o waɗii konnguɗi e ɗaɓɓude heɗtiiɓe e yimɓe teeŋtuɓe ; ƴamde guwerneeruuji dowlaaji ko huunde maantiniinde e mbaadi makko.[203] Kampaañ makko ina ɓuuɓna kampaañ makko mawɗo, hono Alex Ekwueme, mo yimɓe worgo e konu nguu ngoongɗinaani no feewi.[204] PDP ina heɓa leydi e nder leydi Najeriya, ina hollita wonde ko kañum woni lannda ɓurka waawde e nder wooteeji laamu nokkuuji ɗii e lewru Duujal 1998, e wooteeji diiwaanuuji ɗii e lewru Yarkomaa 1999, e wooteeji Senaa e suudu sarɗiiji e lewru Feebariyee 1999.[205] Ñalnde 14 feebariyee 1999, batu PDP noddaa ngam suɓaade kanndidaa mum to hooreejo leydi. Obasanjo heɓi 1 658 woote, Ekwueme heɓi 521, e kanndidaaji joy keddiiɗi ɗii 260.[206] E ɗaɓɓude neɗɗo worgo ngam wonde cukko hooreejo leydi PDP, Obasanjo suɓii Atiku Abubakar.[207] Woote hooreleydaagu mbaɗi ko ñalnde 27 feebariyee ; Ko Olu Falae mo APP tan woni luutndiiɗo Obasanjo. Fotde feccere e fotɓe suɓaade ɓee mbaɗii noon, won heen ko fenaande hay so tawii alaa ko bonnata. Taƴre laawɗunde ndee rokkii Obasanjo 63% e wooteeji ɗii ; ko kanko woni majjuɗo e nder dowlaaji jeegom ɗii fof e nder leydi makko Yoruba.[208] Hooreejo leydi (1999-2007) Manndaa gadano (1999-2003) Siile hooreejo leydi Naajeeriya Caggal nde o riiwti ɗum, Obasanjo naati e nder galle hooreejo leydi to Aso Rock e lewru mee 1999 caggal nde o hunni hooreejo leydi to Eagle Square to Abuja.[209] Nde o toɗɗii laamu maako kesu, o suɓi ministaajo ɗuuɗɗum diga woylaare lesdi Naajeeriya, koo ngam ko ɓuri ɗuuɗugo nder maɓɓe woni Kirista'en, ɗum mettini woɓɓe juulɓe woylaare lesdi Naajeeriya. Ɓeen ñiŋooɓe ina keewi sifaade wonde kabine Obasanjo ina ɓooyi no feewi, ina ŋakkiraa humpito, haa teeŋti noon so tawii ko e geɗe faggudu.[210] E nder laamu makko gadano, toɓɓe ndimaagu ɗe Naajeeriya’en keɓata ɓeydii; ndimaagu jaayndeeji ina addana hooreejo leydi ndi ñiŋde no feewi.[211] E nder lebbi gadani laamu makko, Obasanjo woppii fotde 200 ofisee militeer, tawi heen 93 fof ina njogii jappeere politik, ɗum noon ko kuudetaa mo ofiseeji keewɗi humpito mbaɗata ina famɗi.[209] O ummini kadi ministeer defansiyoŋ gila Lagos haa Abuja, ngam tabitinki ɗum waddaama les njiimaandi laamu ɓurndi laaɓtude.[209] Manndaa ɗiɗaɓo (2003-2007) Obasanjo suɓaama kadi e woote 2003 ɗe njuumtaani, tawi ina waɗi caɗeele leƴƴi e diineeji. Gaño makko mawɗo, gonnooɗo laamɗo konu Seneraal Muhammadu Buhari, ko juulɗo, o heɓi ballal makko ko ɓuri heewde ko e fuɗnaange. Obasanjo heɓi 61,8% e woote ɗe, o fooli Buhari ko ɓuri miliyoŋaaji 11 woote.[212] E lewru noowammbar 2003, Obasanjo ñiŋaama sabu kuulal mum rokkude asilo hooreejo leydi Liberiya, hono Charles Taylor.[213] Ñalnde 12 lewru juko hitaande 2006, o siifondiri nanondiral Greentree e hooreejo leydi Kameruun Paul Biya nanondiral ngal joofniri luural keeri hakkunde duunde Bakassi.[214] Hay so tawii Senaa leydi Najeriya ƴettii kuulal ngam wiyde wonde ittugol konu leydi Najeriya e nder duunde Bakassi ko huunde nde fotaani, Obasanjo rokki yamiroore nde jokkata no haanirta nii.[215] E manndaa makko ɗiɗaɓo, Obasanjo jokki e daranaade yaajnude doole polis leydi ndii, haa arti noon e 325 000 polis e hitaande 2007.[216] Fitinaaji laddeeji jokkuɗi hakkunde juulɓe e kerecee en e nder diiwaan Plateau addani Obasanjo bayyinde toon laamu nguu e lewru mee 2004, o dartini laamu diiwaan oo, o darni laamu konu lebbi jeegom.[217] Ñalnde 22 lewru nduu hitaande 2005, guwerneer diiwaan Abia e oon sahaa, hono Orji Uzor Kalu, rokki EFCC ɗaɓɓaande ngam tuumaade wonde Obasanjo waɗii golle bonɗe.[218] Ajenda manndaa tataɓo Obasanjo ina wondi e luural ko fayti e « Agenda mum tataɓo » , woni peeje ngam waylude doosgal leydi ndii mbele omo waawa jogaade manndaa tataɓo, duuɓi nay, e gardagol leydi ndii. Ɗum waɗii ƴamol nder jaayndeeji siyaasaaku nder Naajeeriya, nden boo kuugal ngal jaɓaaka nder Asamblee lesdi.[219][220] Ko ɗum waɗi Obasanjo woppi laamu caggal wooteeji gardagol leydi e lewru abriil 2007.[221] E nder yeewtere hesere nde o waɗdunoo e teleeji Channels, Obasanjo saliima jeyeede e ko wiyetee « Ajenda tataɓo ». O wi'i ɗum Asamblee lesdi Naajeeriya ɗon mari limngal limngal limngal limngal lesdi Naajeeriya. Obasanjo wiyi : "mi meeɗaa fiyde miijo manndaa tataɓo."[222] Ajenda manndaa tataɓo Obasanjo ina wondi e luural ko fayti e « Agenda mum tataɓo » , woni peeje ngam waylude doosgal leydi ndii mbele omo waawa jogaade manndaa tataɓo, duuɓi nay, e gardagol leydi ndii. Ɗum waɗii ƴamol nder jaayndeeji siyaasaaku nder Naajeeriya, nden boo kuugal ngal jaɓaaka nder Asamblee lesdi.[219][220] Ko ɗum waɗi Obasanjo woppi laamu caggal wooteeji gardagol leydi e lewru abriil 2007.[221] E nder yeewtere hesere nde o waɗdunoo e teleeji Channels, Obasanjo saliima jeyeede e ko wiyetee « Ajenda tataɓo ». O wi'i ɗum Asamblee lesdi Naajeeriya ɗon mari limngal limngal limngal limngal lesdi Naajeeriya. Obasanjo wiyi : "mi meeɗaa fiyde miijo manndaa tataɓo."[222] Obasanjo ñaawaama e juuɗe mawɓe politik e nder sagata Agenda manndaa tataɓo. Senator Ken Nnamani, hooreejo suudu joonde diidaaɗi lesdi Naajeeriya, wi'i Obasanjo anndini mo dow ajendaaji ɗin ɓaawo o laati hooreejo suudu joonde diidaaɗi lesdi Naajeeriya. O wiyi : "Ɗoon e ɗoon, ngon-mi hooreejo senaa, o haalani mi anniya makko, o haalani mi no o yiɗiri heɓde ɗum. Miin e fuɗɗoode mi ƴettataa mo no feewi haa kewuuji ɗii puɗɗii feeñde." O hollitii kadi wonde Miliyaaruuji jeetati (8) Naira njaltinaama ngam wallitde depiteeji ɗii ngam wallitde ajendaaji ɗii, o naamndii : « hol no neɗɗo waawirta haalde nii tawa o anndaa ɗum, tee kaalis, e kaalis leydi ndii e kaalis leydi ndii fof, ina wayla juuɗe ». Femi Gbajabiamila tabbitini haala Nnamani ammaa o waɗi limngal man feere-feere, o wi'i: "Kaalis man hawti bee miliyaaruuji N10. Hol no N10bn wurtinirtee nder ceede lesdi ngam eɓɓoore nde a woni hooreejo jooɗiiɗo, ammaa nden eɓɓoore laataaki miijo ma? Toy ceede man iwdi?" E nder haalaaji garooji ɗii, Nnamani wiyi wonde hooreejo leydi Amerik hono George W. Bush jeertinii Obasanjo nde woppataa peeje mum ngam tawtoreede woote gardagol leydi e manndaa tataɓo. O wiyi : "so aɗa yiɗi hoolkisaade wonde gorko oo ina haala fenaande tan, ƴettu deftere nde Condoleezza Rice, gonnooɗo jaagorgal leydi Amerik winndi. Ko goonga ko deftere nde Rice winndi. E hello 628 walla hello 638, o yeewtidii e Obasanjo, no o yiɗiri hawrude e hooreejo leydi Ameriknaajo oo, no o yiyri hooreejo leydi Ameriknaajo oo ina waawi waylude doosgal leydi ndii mbele omo waawa yahde e manndaa tataɓo, Bush wiyi mo yo o woppu ɗum, o yalta haa ñalnde 29 mee 2007."[223] Politik faggudu, renndo e caggal leydi Politik faggudu Obasanjo e wondude e laamɗo leydi Iran e hitaande 1999 E ngalu petrol, Obasanjo sosi Komitiiru Ƴellitaare Delta Niger, o huutorii Porogaraam Jaŋde leslesre winndereyankoore ngam ɓeydude jaŋde leslesre Naajeeriya. O sosi Komiseer keeriiɗo toppitiiɗo golle bonɗe e Komiseer toppitiiɗo bonanndeeji faggudu e kaalis. Wuurtinii Sosiyetee ngenndiijo njulaagu to Kaduna e (Onne) Port Harcourt. Obasanjo ɓeydi geɗal njoɓdi petroŋ e renndo to dowla iwdi mum gila e 3 haa 13 e nder teemedere.[224] Ko adii laamu Obasanjo, ɓeydagol PIB leydi Nijeer ina muusi no feewi gila 1987, tee ina jokki tan e 3% hakkunde 1999 e 2000. Kono, e laamu Obasanjo, ɓeydagol ngol ɓeydiima fotde laabi ɗiɗi haa 6% haa o woppi laamu, tawi noon ina walliti ɗum e feccere e ɓeydagol coggu petroŋ. Resooji leydi Naajeeriya ko ɓuri miliyaaruuji ɗiɗi dolaar e hitaande 1999 haa miliyaaruuji 43 dolaar nde ɓe njalti laamu e hitaande 2007.[225] O dañii yaafuya ñamaale e fedde Pari e Londres fotde 18 miliyaar dolaar, o yoɓi kadi 18 miliyaar dolaar goɗɗo ngam woppude ñamaale. Ko vuri heewde e ziin njovdiiji mooftaama e njovdi njulaagu juutndi e nder yontere nde. (Toɓɓere feewnitagol). Ko ɓuri heewde e ɗeen ñamaale mooftaama wonaa e fenaande kono ko e yontaaji 1982–85 nde Naajeeriya huutorii laamu toppitiingu mbayliigu nguu, ngu rokki denndaangal njulaagu nguu e banke mawɗo leydi Nijeer. Nde Obasanjo heɓi laamu, faggudu leydi Najeriya wonnoo ko e caɗeele. Inflation ina yahra e 30% e hitaande e nder kitaale 1990 fof, e hitaande 2001 fotde 20% e mawɓe leydi Najeriya ina ngala golle.[226] Baasal ina yaaji, laamu Obasanjo ina yiɗi ustude ɗum e yoɓde N3,500 lewru kala fotde 200,000 neɗɗo ngam waɗde golle gaadoraaɗe ko wayi no ɓuuɓnude e moƴƴinde laabi.[226] Ndeen eɓɓoore lomtinaama e Porogaraam ngenndiijo ngam haɓaade baasal, jowitiingal e ƴellitde golle sukaaɓe, e njuɓɓudi teeru, e reende.[226] E hitaande 2000, laamu Obasanjo ɓeydi njoɓdi ɓurndi famɗude ndi sariya yamiri ndii laabi ɗiɗi.[227] O noddi Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe (FMI) ngam ƴeewtaade faggudu leydi Najeriya e rokkude wasiyaaji no moƴƴiri ɗum;[228] ɓe njeertinii wonde laamu nguu ina heewi ñamlude.[227] E hitaande 2001, Obasanjo hollitii hoore mum "ko o goongɗinɗo njuɓɓudi luumo", o hollitii wonde o yiyii bonneede ko "njuɓɓudi bonndi e nder sekteer laamu" addani mo.[229] Kono, nde o holliti darnde makko e nanondiral Washington ngam luumooji rimɗi, e privatisation, e ŋakkeende ngalu laamu, ngalu laamu nguu e feccere PIB ɓeydiima gila e 29% e hitaande 1997 haa 50% e hitaande 2001.[229] E lewru Yarkomaa hitaande 2000, Naajeeriya heɓi nyamande miliyaaruuji 1 dolaar Amerik, ko ɗum addani laamu nguu naatde e kaaldigal ngam waylude ñamaale mum e ñamaale mum.[228] Laamu Obasanjo naftoriima coggu petroŋ toowngu e nder winndere ndee e manndaa mum gadano. Nde anniyii kadi ɓeydude petroŋ leydi Naajeeriya e ɓeydude keewal gaasuuji ɓuuɓɗi, ɗi puɗɗii yaltineede e leydi ndii e hitaande 1999.[230] Obasanjo fellitii momtude ballal petroŋ, ɓeyda coggu nguu haa yettoo tolno njulaagu. Kongres gollooɓe leydi Naajeeriya noddi seppo mawngo ngam seppude ngam salaade lewru Juko hitaande 2000 e Obasanjo sakkitii, o ustii ballal ngal, wonaa ittude ngal. Ngolɗoo ngonka addani Obasanjo hollirde wonde ko "gaño miskineeɓe" e miijo renndo.[231] Ngam ɓeydude ustude njoɓdi, Obasanjo wayliima e privatisation, o sosi Diiso ngenndiijo ko faati e privatisation e lewru sulyee 1999. Nde o heɓi laamu, laamu fedde nde ina joginoo 588 sosiyetee laamu, tawi ko ina tolnoo e 55% e ñamaale caggal leydi, Obasanjo ina yaakorii wonde ko heewi e ɗeen, hay so tawii noon ɗe mbaawaa wonde in2. Privatization yiɗaama e yimɓe leydi Najeriya, ko 35% tan ɓe keɓi ballal e wiyde wiɗto miijo hitaande 2000.[233] Obasanjo kadi ina yiɗi kaaldigal ngam ustude ñamaale.[234] O hollitii wonde ñamaale leydi Naajeeriya ina keewi no feewi, ina mbonna faggudu mum e demokaraasi mum. Hay so tawii Kanadaa, Itali e Amerik ndartinii ñamaale leydi Nijeer, ɗeen ñamaale ina pamɗi, ñamaale mawɗe leydi ndii, ɓurɗe mawnude heen ko Angalteer, njaɓaani.[235] Obasanjo ɗon tuuma caɗeele faggudu lesdi Naajeeriya ɗuuɗɗe dow fenaande;[236] nder hitaande 2000, fedde Transparency International limti ɗum lesdi ɓurdundi fenaande nder duniyaaru.[229] Balɗe seeɗa caggal nde o heɓi laamu o hollitii kuulal ngam haɓaade fenaande to Asaambele ngenndi, hay so tawii noon ɗum jibinii luulndaare mawnde e juuɗe ñaawooɓe cikkatnooɓe ko ɗum rokki laamu nguu doole ɓurɗe heewde. Nanondiral waɗii ngam ustude eɓɓooje Obasanjo, addani mo siynude sariya keso oo e lewru suwee 2000.[236] Alaa ko holliti wonde njulaagu ustiima e nder leydi Najeriya e nder manndaa Obasanjo gadano, laamu makko waɗaani hay huunde ngam ƴeewtaade njulaagu nguu e nder leydi Najeriya, ngu yaaji e nder laamuuji diiwaan e laamuuji nokkuuji.[229] Obasanjo ina wondi e hooreejo leydi Riisi Valadimir Putin to Kremlin e hitaande 2001 Cellal renndo kadi ko huunde tiiɗnde e nder leydi Nijeer. E nder kitaale 1990, Naajeeriya ina yoɓnoo fotde 0,2% e PIB mum ngam wallitde cellal renndo, ko ɗum woni ko ɓuri famɗude e winndere ndee. Laamu Obasanjo ɓeydi ɗum haa ko ɓuri 0,4%.[237] Caɗeele cellal ɓurɗe yaawde toɗɗaade leydi Najeriya ko ñawu VIH/SIDA, Obasanjo yamiri ɗoon e ɗoon ciimtol ngonka e dow toɓɓere ndee caggal nde o heɓi laamu.[237] Ndeen o sosi Goomu Hooreejo leydi ngam haɓaade SIDA, ngu o ardii, o sosi Goomu Pewnugol Golle Ngenndiije ngam yuɓɓinde kampaañ 2000–03, jowitiingo e bayyinaango, heblo, wasiyaaji, e jarribooji ngam haɓaade mboros o. Ngam yahduki yeeso ngam njamu jama'aare, o fuɗɗi kampaniire kesum ngam hurgugo ceede laamu lesdi Naajeeriya ngam etaade nyiɓugo suudu nyawndiigu nder kala nokkure 774 laamu lesdi Naajeeriya Politik caggal leydi Obasanjo e Donald Rumsfeld to Pentagon e hitaande 2001 Ina jeyaa e golle Obasanjo mawɗe, ɗe o heɓi heen, moƴƴitinde innde leydi Nijeer e nder winndere ndee, nde o bonni e laamu Abacha. O waɗii ko ina ɓura feccere e manndaa makko gadano caggal leydi, o yilliima leyɗeele 92 haa e lewru oktoobar 2002. E lewru oktoobar 1999, Obasanjo sosi Goomu (Commission Bi-National) hakkunde Afrik worgo e Niiseer ngam yeewtidde e gollondiral hakkunde leyɗeele ɗiɗi ɗee, ɓurɗe mawnude e Afrik worgo Saharaa. Obasanjo jokki jokkindiral Naajeeriya bee U.S., o waddi walliinde U.S. ngam wallugo janngirde sooje'en Naajeeriya. O jokkondirii no feewi e hooreejo leydi Amerik biyeteeɗo Bill Clinton, o jokkondiri kadi e lomto Clinton, hono George W. Bush ; Bush yilliima Abuja e hitaande 2003, Obasanjo yilliima Wasinton e hitaande 2006.[240] E jokkude jokkondiral ɓurngal welde e U.K. ko ɓuri ko o joginoo e kitaale 1970, o tawtoraama batu makko gadano Commonwealth e lewru Noowammbar 1999, o jaɓɓi ɗum e lewru Duujal 2003, ɗo o heɓi njeenaari teddungal e juuɗe laamɗo debbo Biritaan biyeteeɗo Elizabeth II.[240] Nde Obasanjo heɓi laamu, o huninooma ittude konu leydi Najeriya e leydi Siyeraa Leyoon. E lewru ut 1999, o hollitii limre ngam ɓe ngurtina, hay so tawii noon ɗum dartinaama nde konu jam ONU moofti, ngu Nijeer rokki ɗum 4000 soldaat. Ndee doole yalti ko e hitaande 2005.[241] E nder jiiɓru to leydi Liberia, Obasanjo yamiri konu leydi Nijeer yo naata leydi ndii e lewru ut 2003 ; ɓe njalti e komanndaaji ONU lebbi ɗiɗi caggal ɗuum.[240] Obasanjo hokki Charles Taylor, hooreejo lesdi Liberiya, mo laamu mum woppi, o hokka mo haa lesdi Naajeeriya, koo ngam ɓaawo man o warti mo haa lesdi Liberiya ngam o ɗon ƴama mo ngam warhoore konu dow ƴamol hooreejo lesdi Liberiya keso, Ellen Johnson Sirleaf.[242] E yiɗde haɗude Naajeeriya yaltude e hareeji nder leydi ɗi yimɓe njiɗaa, o salii ɗaɓɓaande konu Naajeeriya ngam tawtoreede naatgol ECOMOG e nder wolde hakkunde leyɗeele Gine-Bisaawo e golle jam 2002 to Kodduwaar. E ɗaɓɓaande Angalteer, o walli e nanondiral hakkunde laamu Zimbaabwee mo Robert Mugabe, ngam hirjinde laamu nguu e ƴettude gese ɗe ɓaleeɓe jeyi e dow fenaande. O wondi e hooreejo leydi Afrik worgo hono Thabo Mbeki e gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi Ostarali John Howard, o jeyaa ko e fedde nde Commonwealth halfinaa ngam haɓaade Zimbaabwee.[243] Obasanjo e Mbeki njilliima Zimbaabwee laabi tati ngam golloraade dipolomasi deeƴɗo, kono ɓe keɓaani heen nafoore, ɓe mbiya Mugabe yo woppu laamu walla sosde laamu renndinde laamu e luulndiiɓe Mouvement pour le changement démocratique.[239] Haɓde e jiiɓru leƴƴi e diineeji Bush ina yeewtida e Obasanjo e nder batu G8 to Farayse, lewru suwee 2003 Caggal nde Obasanjo suɓaa, nokku ɗo sariyaaji lislaam ngoni ɗoo, wonti jeewte mawɗe e nder politik leydi Najeriya. Gila leydi ndii heɓi jeytaare mum, sharia ina jokki e ñaawde siwil hakkunde juulɓe wonɓe e dowlaaji worgo ɗii ; ñaawooɓe bonanndeeji ɗii laawɗinaaka e sariyaaji sharia, huunde nde mettini won e juulɓe.[244] E lewru suwee 1999, guwerneer diiwaan Zamfara, hono Ahmed Sani, hollitii naatgol timmungol shari’a e nder oon diiwaan, hay so tawii noon o hollitii wonde ɗum jogori huutoreede tan ko e hoɗɓe e juulɓe, wonaa e yimɓe ɓe ngonaa lislaam en. Ɗuum waɗi kulhuli nder yimɓe Kirista'en pamari nder woyla lesdi Naajeeriya, bee seppooji e seppooji feere-feere ɗon ngadda fitinaaji, haa fahin haa Kaduna.[244] Across Nigeria, Christian opinion was very hostile to the introduction of sharia as the basis of state penal systems.[245] Suudu Asaambele ngenndi ndii fof ina ɗaɓɓi e Obasanjo nde nawtata haala kaa to Ñaawirde Toownde.[245] O yiɗiino woppude ɗum, o yiɗaa darnde shari’a wonta huunde doosgal.[246] E nder renndo o yiɗiino seerndude ko o inniri "sharia goonga" e "sharia politik", o yetti arano oo, o wiyi wonde ɗiɗaɓo oo ko fad mo fizzle out.[245] Nde o salii naatde heen, Obasanjo heɓi ñiŋooje sabu ŋakkeende cuusal e juuɗe yimɓe heewɓe to bannge worgo, juulɓe tiiɗɓe to bannge worgo ina ƴattoo mo.[246] E nder ɗaɓɓaande yimɓe heewɓe ummoraade e renndooji juulɓe, dowlaaji nay goɗɗi to bannge worgo ƴettii sariya kuuɓtodinɗo sharia e hitaande 2000 e jeeɗiɗi goɗɗi e hitaande 2001. Obasanjo caggal ɗuum hollitii wonde haala kaa ko caɗeele ɓurɗe mawnude ɗe o meeɗi dañde e wonde hooreejo leydi.[246] Nde Obasanjo heɓi laamu, o hulɓinii no feewi nde tawnoo leydi Najeriya ina wondi e caɗeele e fitinaaji keewɗi, tawi ko ujunnaaje ujunnaaje maayɓe. Ndee ɗoo bonannde ina ɓeydoo saɗtude sabu ɓeydagol yimɓe ina ɓeydoo yaawde, ɗum addani ɗum ɓeydagol nguleeki weeyo e pottital ngam heɓde leydi ŋakkundi e nder gure teeru.[216] Ngam haɓaade ɗum, Obasanjo ɓeydii polis leydi ndii fotde laabi ɗiɗi, gila e 120 000 haa 240 000 hakkunde 1999 e 2003.[216] Ko seeɗa waɗaa ngam haɓaade bonanndeeji polis, tawi noon torlaaji tuumaaɗo ina keddii e yaajde e laamu Obasanjo.[211] Kadi ko ɓeydi fitinaaji ɗii ko jokkere enɗam hakkunde leƴƴi, e pelle leƴƴi e diiwanuuji ceertuɗi ina ɗaɓɓi ndimaagu ɓurngu mawnude, ɗum addani yeewtooɓe heewɓe teskaade ƴaañgol leydi Naajeeriya. Wonande Obasanjo, jogaade leydi ngootiri wonti huunde mawnde.[247] Ko e sahaaji cuɓaaɗi tan o ruttotoo e konu ngam ustude jiiɓru, o ɓuri yiɗde ko waasde mooftude konu so wonaa tawa guwerneeruuji dowlaaji ɗii ina ɗaɓɓi ɗum.[248] E nder konngol makko, "en poti huutoraade doole konu tan so tawii ko heddii koo fof ronkii. Ko cfuum woni miijo am e filosof am."[249] O yi'i nafoore mawnde e yaafuya, e yaafuya, e nanondiral ngam he6de nanondiral, wonaa e 6amtaare ñaawoore warngooji bacfcfi.[250] E laamu Obasanjo, darnde fitinaaji e jiiɓru nder leydi Naajeeriya ustii.[249] Olusẹgun Obasanjo e hooreejo leydi Beresiil Lula da Silva 2005 Ko ɓuri heewde e miijooji ceertuɗi ko e diiwaan Delta Niiseer, ɗo pelle koɗdiiɗe ɗee njiɗnoo jogaade ko ɓuri heewde e ngalu keɓaaɗo e nokkuuji petroŋ keewɗi ngalu. E lewru sulyee 1999, Obasanjo neldi Asaambele ngenndi kuulal ngam sosde Komiseer ƴellitaare Delta Niiseer ngam siynude e huutoraade peeje ngam haɓaade diiwaan oo, huunde nde o sikki ina waawi ustude fitinaaji toon. E nder jeewte keewɗe, komisiyoŋ oo fuɗɗii ko e lewru Duujal 2000.[251] E lewru noowammbar 1999, o neldi kadi bataliyoŋaaji ɗiɗi konu e nder diiwaan Delta Niiseer ngam nanngude sukaaɓe Asawana, fedde Ijaw en nannguɓe e warde poliseeɓe to Odi, to diiwaan Bayelsa. Militeer en mbonni ko ɓuri heewde e wuro ngoo ; laamu ngu wi'i 43 mbaraama, ammaa ONG nokkuure nde'e waɗi limngal maayɓe siwil'en 2,483.[252] Obasanjo siftinii halkaare ndee wonde « ina waawi rewde » e « ina metti » , o yilliima Odi e lewru marse 2001 ; o salii ñaawde konu nguu, o ñaagii yaafuya ngam halkaare nde, o yoɓi njoɓdi walla o mahdi wuro ngoo, hay so tawii noon Komiseer ƴellitaare Delta Niiseer waɗii ɗum.[249] E hitaande 2000, Obasanjo haɗi fedde Oodua Peoples Congress (OPC), fedde ngenndiyankoore Yoruba en, nde wonnoo ko e fitinaaji e leƴƴi goɗɗi, o yamiri yo ardiiɓe mayre nannge.[253] E lewru suwee 2001, fitinaaji hakkunde Kerecee’en ɓiɓɓe leydi ndii e njulaagu juulɓe to bannge worgo e nder diiwaan Plateau, waɗii fotde 500 maayɗo hade konu nguu naatde heen, heɓtude laamu. Ndeen Obasanjo yilliima, wiyi yo ɓe nanondiral. E lewru Oktoobar 2001, seppooɓe juulɓe to Kano mbari fotde 200 Igbo ngam jaabaade ballal Nijeer e bommbooji Amerik mbaɗi e Afganistaan. Ndeen Obasanjo yilliima ngam ɗaɓɓude nanondiral kono hoɗɓe ɓee boomi ɗum.[246] E lewru oktoobar kadi, soldateeɓe neldaama ngam deeƴnude jiiɓru hakkunde renndooji Jukun e Tiv en e keeri hakkunde diiwanuuji Benue e Taraba ; ndeen militeer en Tiv nanngi ɓe mbari ɓe to Zaki-Biam. Obasanjo yamiri konu nguu yo naata, ɓe ndartini, ɓe mbari fotde 250 haa 300 gorko nokku oo. Obasanjo yilliima nokku oo e hitaande 2002, o ñaagii yaafuya sabu huutoraade doole no feewi.[249] n lewru Yarkomaa 2002, Obasanjo yamiri polis mobbooji ɗii yo ndartin Bakassi Boys, fedde vigilante gollotoonde ko ɓuri heewde e nder diiwanuuji Abia e Anambra, nde waɗi ko ina tolnoo e ujunnaaje ɗiɗi warngooji. O sikkiino waɗde ɗum ko adii ɗuum sabu ballal yimɓe ɓe fedde nde heɓi e haɓde e fedde bonnde, kono o nanii o waawii yahrude yeeso e maɓɓe caggal nde yimɓe maɓɓe ustii.[254] E oon lewru kadi, nokku ɗo balɗe 100 000 ngoni ɗoo, to kaɓirɗe Ijeka, saraaji Lagos, yani, ina waawi addande ɗum en fotde ujunnaaje ujunnaaje neɗɗo maayɗo. Obasanjo yilliima ɗoon e ɗoon.[249] Fitinaaji bonɗi kadi ina njokki e nder wuro Lagos, e lewru feebariyee 2002, konu neldaa e nder wuro ngo ngam artirde deeƴre. E lewru abriil 2002, Obasanjo hollitii sariya baawɗo haɗude leƴƴi so tawii ina cikka ina mbaawi wallitde fitinaaji, kono njuɓɓudi laamu leydi ndii salii ɗum, sibu ko ɗum huunde ɓurnde toowde e laamu hooreejo leydi.[253] Won e ardiiɓe laamu hono hooreejo suudu sarɗiiji e hooreejo suudu sarɗiiji ina ngondi e caɗeele e hooreejo leydi ndii, o haɓaama e jarribooji keewɗi ngam ustude laamu e nder suuduuji ɗiɗi ɗii kala.[255] Obasanjo dañii daɗde e laamu, o toɗɗaa. Caggal hooreejo leydi (2007–hannde) Politik Obasanjo e Robeer Mugaabe e hitaande 2013 O wonti hooreejo fedde PDP, omo joginoo doole e nominaasiyoŋaaji ngam heɓde jappeere laamu haa e politik e peeje. No gooto e dipolomaat en Hirnaange wiyri nii, "O anniyaaki jooɗaade e jooɗorde passenger rokka wasiyaaji e hesɗitinde nanngude taayaare so tawii Naajeeriya yaltii e laawol."[256] O woppi golle hooreejo fedde PDP e lewru abriil 2012.[257] Caggal ɗuum, o yalti e golle politik e PDP. E lewru marse 2008, Obasanjo "ina sikkaa" ko goomu parlemaa Nijeer ñaawii ɗum sabu rokkude ɗum kaayitaaji semmbe fotde miliyaaruuji 2,2 dolaar e nder laamu mum duuɓi jeetati, tawi alaa ko o waɗi so wonaa laawol. Ciimtol ngol ɗoo wiɗto meeɗaa jaɓeede e nder parlemaa leydi Najeriya fof sabu manipulaasiyoŋ e golle ɗee fof e ardorde goomu wiɗto laamu nguu. Wonaa e winndannde laawɗunde wootere, mawɗo Obasanjo ñaawaama.[258] E lewru mee 2014, Obasanjo winndi hooreejo leydi Goodluck Jonathan ngam ɗaɓɓude yo o waɗtu hakkille e innde laamu leydi Najeriya ngam yoɓde sukaaɓe rewɓe Chibok ɓe fedde Boko Haram joginoo.[259] Ñalnde 16 feebariyee 2015, o woppi lannda laamu nguu, o yamiri hooreejo diiwaan PDP yo ƴettu kaayitaaji makko e nder yeewtere jaaynde.[260] O anndiraa caggal mum ko navigateur lannda luulndo keso sosaa, hono APC.[261] Ñalnde 24 lewru Yarkomaa hitaande 2018, o winndi hooreejo leydi ndi, hono Muhammadu Buhari, o hollitii nokkuuji ɗi o ŋakkiraa, o wasiyii mo nde o woppataa laamu e hitaande 2019.[262] Haa hannde denndaangal ɓataakeeji makko feewde e hooreeɓe leydi ndii ina adii njillu maɓɓe.[263] Ñalnde 31 lewru Yarkoma hitaande 2018, o fuɗɗi diɗɗal siyaasaaku bi'eteengal "Kawtal ngam Diɗɗal Naajeeriya" (CNM) haa Abuja.[264] Ñalnde 10 lewru mbooy hitaande 2018, dillere ndee ƴetti lannda politik, hono Kongres Demokaratik Afrik (ADC).[265] Ñalnde 20 noowammbar 2018, Obasanjo hollitii e dow laabi gartugol mum[266] e lannda luulndo mawngo, hono lannda Demokaraasi Leƴƴi (PDP) e nder udditgol deftere wiyeteende My Transition Hours, nde gonnooɗo hooreejo leydi ndii, hono Goodluck Jonathan winndi. Ñalnde 22 lewru bowte hitaande 2022, Obasanjo hollitii wonde o woppii politik partiiji, caggal nde o jaɓɓi depiteeji ngenndiiji lannda Demokaraasi Leƴƴi [PDP] to hoɗorde makko to Ota, to diiwaan Ogun, to leydi Nijeer[267] di13yqi357eemmoatuazp7p4nht12ty 175786 175785 2026-06-22T20:55:53Z Ilya Discuss 10103 #1Lib1Ref 175786 wikitext text/x-wiki Mawɗo Olusegun Matthew Okikiola Ogunboye Aremu Obasanjo GCFR (// C; Yoruba: Olúṣẹ́gun Ọbásanjọ́ [ōlúʃɛ́ɡũ̄ ɔ̄básã̄d͡ʒɔ́] R; jibinaa ko c. ndema, e gonnooɗo seneraal konu gonnooɗo hooreejo leydi Naajeeriya gila 1976 haa 1979, caggal ɗuum o woni hooreejo leydi ndii gila 1999 haa 2007. To bannge miijo, ko o ngenndiyanke Naajeeriya, o jeyaa ko e lannda Demokaraasi Leƴƴi (PDP) gila 1998 haa 2019. Obasanjo jibinaa ko e wuro Ibogun-Olaogun, e nder galle remoowo, jeyaaɗo e leñol Owu, Obasanjo janngi ko ɓuri heewde e wuro wiyeteengo Abeokuta, to diiwaan Ogun. O naati konu leydi Naajeeriya, o janngi ko faati e inndeeji, o golliima to Konngo, Angalteer, e Inndo, o arti e darnde Major. E darorɗe kitaale 1960, o waɗii darnde mawnde e haɓaade seernaaɓe Biafra e nder wolde hakkunde leyɗeele Nijeer, o jaɓi dogde e hitaande 1970. E hitaande 1975, kuudetaa konu sosi junta e Obasanjo e nder laamu mum tati. Caggal nde hooreejo triumvirate, hono Murtala Muhammed, waraa e hitaande rewtunde ndee, Diiso toowngo konu toɗɗii Obasanjo hooreejo leydi ndii. Jokkude politik Murtala, Obasanjo ƴeewtindiima taƴgol bidsee e yaajnude jaŋde ekkolaaji ɗi ngalaa njoɓdi. Ɓesdugo hawtuki lesdi Naajeeriya bee lesdi Amerika, o teddini kadi ballal pelle luutndiiɗe laamu ɓaleeɓe pamari nder Afrika woylaare. Obasanjo ɗon mari haaje wartirgo demokaraasi, o ardi woote 1979, ɓaawo man o hokki laamu lesdi Naajeeriya haa hooreejo lesdi siwil keso, Shehu Shagari. Ndeen Obasanjo artii e golle mum to Ota, Ogun, ɗo o wonti demoowo, o yaltini defte nay, o tawtoraama eɓɓooji winndereeji ngam joofnude hareeji Afrik ceertuɗi. E hitaande 1993, Sani Abacha heɓti laamu e kuudetaa konu. Obasanjo ina ñiŋa laamu Abacha e peeñcu, e hitaande 1995 o nanngaa, o ñaawaa wonde o jeyaa ko e kuudetaa peewnaaɗo, hay so tawii o seppii wonde o alaa ella. Nde o woni e kasoo ndee, o wonti Kerecee’en jibinaaɗo, tawi ko providentialism ina tiiɗtini no feewi e yi’annde makko aduna caggal ɗuum. O woppitaama caggal maayde Abacha e hitaande 1998. Obasanjo naati e politik wooteeji, o wonti kanndidaa PDP e wooteeji hooreleydaagu 1999, ɗi o dañi. Ko o hooreejo leydi, o woppi politik militeer en, kamɓe ɗiɗo fof ɓe njaajni polis, ɓe moofti konu ngam haɓaade fitinaaji leƴƴi, diineeji, e seernaaɓe jaajɗi. O itti sooje'en lesdi Naajeeriya diga lesdi Siyeraa Leone, o hokki hukuumaaji pamari feere-feere ngam ustugo ceede lesdi ndi'i. O artiraa e woote 2003. E nder miijooji Pan-Afrik, o woniino daraniiɗo no feewi sosde Dental Afrik, o woniino hooreejo mayre tuggi 2004 haa 2006. Eɓɓooje Obasanjo ngam waylude doosɗe leydi ngam ittude keeri manndaa hooreejo leydi, ɗe njahraani no haanirta nii, ɗe ngaddani ɗum ñiŋooje. Caggal nde o woppi golle, o heɓi doktoraa makko e ganndal diine to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde National Open to leydi Najeriya. Nguurndam gadano Baaba Olusegun Obasanjo, Obasanjo Bankole, jeyaa ko e ardiiɓe hoɗɓe e sosɓe wuro Igbogun Olaogun e fuɗɗoode kitaale 1920. Hay so tawii ko o demoowo keewɗo jawdi, o jom jawdi en, omo hiisee wonde miskiino sabu o jeyaaka e yimɓe jannguɓe e nder leydi Yoruba. Bankole hawri e Bernice Ashabi, njulaagu tokooso to Igbogun, kamɓe ɗiɗo fof ɓe resndi. Ɓeeɗoo ɗiɗo ina njogii ɓiɓɓe ɗiɗo heddiiɓe e nder jeegom : Olusegun e Adunni Oluwola, miñiiko debbo gooto. E wiyde paaspoor makko, Olusegun Obasanjo jibinaa ko ñalnde 5 marse 1937 hay so tawii noon alaa ko winndaa e mum hannde, ñalngu nguu ko limto ɓadiiɗo. Olusegun ko jeyaaɗo e Laamu Owu. O mawni ko e Baptiste. Debbo makko caggal mum naati lislaam ngam resde gorko juulɗo.[9] E duuɓi sappo e go'o, o naati duɗal leslesal wuro ngo,[10] caggal duuɓi tati, e hitaande 1951, o naati duɗal Baptist Day to nokku Owu to Abeokuta.[11] E hitaande 1952 o arti e duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde sukaaɓe Baptist,[12] kadi e nder wuro ngo. Feccere e njoɓdi duɗal makko ko dokke laamu.[13] Obasanjo waɗii ko moƴƴi e jaŋde,[14] e nder duɗal o wonti Boy Scout keewɗo faayiida.[15] Hay so tawii alaa ko holliti wonde e oon sahaa o tawtoraama kala pelle politik,[15] ko e nder duɗal hakkundeewal Obasanjo salii innde makko adannde "Matthew" ngam wonde golle luulndiiɗe koloñaal.[16] E nder ɗuum, baaba Obasanjo woppi debbo mum e sukaaɓe mum ɗiɗo.[17] Nde o yani e baasal, yumma Obasanjo ina foti golloraade njulaagu ngam wuurde.[15] Ngam yoɓugo ceede janngirde maako, Obasanjo ɗon huuwa haa gese kakawo e kola, ɗon ligga, ɗon mooɓa leɗɗe, ɗon sooda ceene mahooɓe. E nder balɗe udditgol duɗal ngal kadi o golliima e duɗal ngal, omo taƴa huɗo e golle juuɗe goɗɗe.[18] E hitaande 1956, Obasanjo waɗi jaŋde mum hakkundeere, caggal nde o ñamli kaalis ngam yoɓde njoɓdi naatgol.[19] E oon hitaande kadi, o fuɗɗii jokkondirde e Oluremi Akinlawon, ɓiy Owu mawɗo station. Ɓe ndarniino dewgal haa hitaande 1958.[20] O yalti duɗal, o fayi Ibadan, o ƴetti golle jannginde. Ko ɗoon o jooɗii e ekzamen naatgol to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Ibadan, kono hay so o jaɓii o tawi o waawaa yoɓde njoɓdi jaŋde.[19] Ndeen Obasanjo fellitii jokkude golle mum e nder konu leydi Najeriya, ngam heɓde ngal gollal, e hitaande 1958 o jaabiima eɓɓoore ngam janngude ofiseeji cadet e nder konu leydi Najeriya.[21][22] Fuɗɗoode golle konu (1958-1966) Heblo konu: 1958-1959 E lewru marse 1958, Obasanjo naati e konu leydi Najeriya.[23] O yi’i ɗum ko fartaŋŋe jokkude jaŋde makko tawa omo heɓa njoɓdi;[24] o humpitaaki ɗoon e ɗoon ɓesngu makko, o hulii wonde jibnaaɓe makko ina njaɓa ɗum.[25] Ko e oon sahaa konu leydi Najeriya ina jokki e juuɗe laamu koloñaal leydi Najeriya, ngam heblude ndimaagu leydi Najeriya timmungu, kadi ina waɗi eɓɓooje ngam heɓde yimɓe leydi Najeriya ɓurɓe heewde e nder darnde konu mum.[25] Ndeen o neldaama to duɗal jaŋde ofiseeji jooɗɗi to Teshie to leydi Gana.[23] Nde o woni caggal leydi, o neldi ɓataakeeji e dokke to jom suudu makko to leydi Najeriya.[20] E lewru suwee 1958, o suɓaa ngam ɓeydaade heblo lebbi jeegom to duɗal Mons Officer Cadet to Aldershot, to fuɗnaange Angalteer. Obasanjo yiɗaa ɗum toon, o sikkatnoo ko ɗum juɓɓule njiyaagu e njiyaagu, o tawi ina saɗi ko jokkondiri e dumunna Engele ɓurɗo toowde e ɓuuɓde.[26] Nde semmbini miijooji makko bonɗi e laamu Biritaan e hakke mum laamaade e dow laamuuji mum koloñaal en.[24] To Mons, o heɓi komisoŋ e seedantaagal to bannge innde. Nde Obasanjo woni to leydi Angalteer, yumma mum maayi. Baaba makko ndeen maayi ko hitaande caggal ɗuum.[27] E hitaande 1959, Obasanjo arti Nijeer. Ko ɗoon o artiraa to Kaduna, o woni subaltern infanterie e bataliyoŋ joyaɓo.[27] Wakkati maako haa Kaduna woni wakkati arandejum nde Obasanjo jooɗi haa nokkure nde juulɓe ɗuuɗi.[27] Ko nde o woni toon, e lewru Oktoobar 1960, leydi Nijeer wonti leydi ndimaagu.[28][22] Kiiriis Konngo: 1960-1961 Ƴeew kadi: Kiriis Konngo Caggal ɗuum seeɗa, bataliyoŋ joyaɓo neldaa to Konngo ngam jeyeede e konu Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe ngam haɓaade jam. Ko ɗoon bataliyoŋ oo woni e nder diiwaan Kivu, tawi ko ɗoon woni Bukavu.[28] To leydi Konngo, Obasanjo e woɗɓe ina njoginoo darnde reende siwil en, haa arti noon e leñol Belsik, e soldateeɓe murtuɓe e laamu Patrice Lumumba.[28] E lewru feebariyee 1961, Obasanjo nanngaa e juuɗe murtuɓe nde o ummotoo e misiyoŋaaji katolik en e nder dingiral sara Bukavu. Mutinooɓe ɓee miijinoo ko warde mo kono ɓe njamiraama yo ɓe njaltu. E lewru mee 1961, bataliyoŋ joyaɓo ummii Konngo, arti Najeriya.[28] E nder wolde nde, o toɗɗaama kapiteen wakkati.[24] O teskiima caggal ɗuum wonde sahaa mo o woni e Konngo oo ina semmbina "fervour pan-africain" bataliyoŋ makko.[28] Gartugol e leydi Konngo: 1961-1966 Nde o arti, Obasanjo soodi oto makko gadano, o naati e opitaal ko juuti sabu rafi reedu. Nde o selli, o artiraa e Korse Innjiniyaaruuji konu. E hitaande 1962 o jooɗii to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Royal College to Angalteer. Ko ɗoon o ɓuri waawde, o siforaa ko "almuudo Commonwealth ɓurɗo waawde". Oon hitaande, o yoɓi Akinlawon ngam yahde Londres ɗo o waawi naatde e kursus heblo. Ɓeeɗoo ɗiɗo resndi ɗum ko e lewru suwee 1963 to biro binnditagol Camberwell Green, ɓe nganndini ɓesnguuji maɓɓe tan caggal nde ɓe mbaɗi hiirde ndee.E ndeen hitaande, Obasanjo yamiraama yo o hoot to leydi Nijeer, hay so tawii debbo makko ina heddii to Londres duuɓi tati goɗɗi ngam timminde jaŋde makko. Nde o naati Naajeeriya, Obasanjo hoosi ardungal konu Innjiniyaaruuji ladde, jooɗiiɗum haa Kaduna. E nder konu, Obasanjo ina jokki e yahrude yeeso e nder darɗe, o wonti mawɗo e hitaande 1965. O huutoriima ngalu makko ngam soodde leydi, e fuɗɗoode kitaale 1960 o heɓi jawdi to Ibadan, Kaduna, e Lagos. E hitaande 1965, Obasanjo neldaa leydi Inndo. E nder laawol, o yilliima debbo makko to Londres. To leydi Indiya, o janngi to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde toppitiingal ko fayti e cellal to Wellington, caggal ɗuum to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Innjiniyaaruuji to Poona. Obasanjo hulɓinii e heege nde o seedtii e nder leydi Indiya hay so tawii o ƴettii nafoore e pinal leydi ndii, huunde nde addani mo janngude defte diineeji nannditooji. Hare nder leydi Naajeeriya Winndannde mawnde: Hare nder leydi Najeriya Golle makko ko adii wolde hakkunde leyɗeele: 1966-1967 Obasanjo ummi Naajeeriya nder lewru January hitaande 1966 ngam heɓugo lesdi ndi'i nder kuudetaa konu ngu Major Emmanuel Ifeajuna ardii. Obasanjo ina jeyaa e jeertinɓe wonde ngonka kaa ina waawi jippaade e wolde nder leydi.O hollitii wonde maa o won hakkunde ƴaañooɓe kuudetaa e laamu siwil, ngu rokki laamu nguu e juuɗe hooreejo konu Johnson Aguiyi-Ironsi. Nde kuudetaa oo ronki, Olusegun hawri e Ironsi to Lagos. Ironsi ɓooyaani ko timmini fedde nde e nder leydi Najeriya rewrude e yamiroore mum kawral e lewru mee 1966, huunde nde ɓuuɓni jiiɓru leƴƴi. E darorɗe lewru sulyee, kuudetaa ɗiɗmo waɗi. To wuro Ibadan, sooja'en iwdi woyla lesdi Naajeeriya ɗon ƴama, ɓe mbari Ironsi, ɓe mbari fodde teemeɗɗe ɗiɗi sooje'en ko ɓuri ɗuuɗugo ɓe iwdi lesdi Naajeeriya. Seneraal Yaakubu Gowon heɓti laamu. Nde ooɗoo kuudetaa waɗata nde Obasanjo wonnoo ko to Maiduguri. Nande ɗum, o yaawi hootde Kaduna. Ko ɗoon o tawi konu worgo ummoriiɗo e bataliyoŋ tataɓo ina ronka, ina torloo, ina wara soldateeɓe Igbo en. Gomnaajo lesdi Naajeeriya, Hassan Katsina, annditi dow koo ngam Olusegun naa Igbo, bana no o woni mo woylaare lesdi Naajeeriya, o ɗon nder ɓilla haa sooja'en murtuɓe. Ngam reenaade ɓe, Katsina neldi Olusegun e debbo mum ngarta Maiduguri balɗe sappo, tawi fitinaaji ɗii ina ustoo. Caggal ɗuum, Obasanjo neldi debbo mum to Lagos, tawi omo hoota Kaduna kanko e hoore makko, o woni ɗoon haa lewru Yarkomaa 1967. E oon sahaa ko kanko woni ofisee Yoruba ɓurɗo mawnude tawaaɗo to bannge worgo. E lewru Yarkomaa 1967, Obasanjo toɗɗaama to Lagos ngam wonde mawɗo Injineer konu.Hare hakkunde leƴƴi Igbo e leƴƴi worgo ina jokki e ɓeydaade, e lewru mee, ofisee konu Igbo C. Odumegwu Ojukwu hollitii jeytaare nokkuuji ɓurɗi heewde Igbo e nder fuɗnaange-rewo leydi Bi. Ñalnde 3 lewru juko, laamu leydi Najeriya neldi Obasanjo to Ibadan ngam wonde hooreejo leydi Hirnaange.Hare hakkunde konu leydi Najeriya e seernaaɓe Biafran fuɗɗii ko ñalnde 6 lewru juko. Ñalnde 9 sulyee, Ojukwu neldi koloñaal konu Biafra dow pont Niiseer ngam yiɗde heɓtude Mid-West, nokku ɗo ɓe mbaawi ummoraade Lagos. Obasanjo yiɗiino uddude laabi jahduɗi e wuro ngo. Komandaajo Yoruba biyeteeɗo Victor Banjo, ardinooɗo konu njanngu Biafran, etinooma waawnude Obasanjo yoo ɓe njaltu, kono o salii. Kuugal konu lesdi: 1967-1970 "Kolonel Olu Obasanjo, gardinooɗo diɗɗal tataɓal". Jaaynde Naajeeriya keso, hello 7, 12 lewru Yarkomaa 1970. Gagga hare nder leydi Naajeeriya e Biafra. Ndeen Obasanjo toɗɗaama hooreejo caggal diɗɗal ɗiɗaɓal Murtala Muhammed, gollotoongal to Mid-Ouest. Obasanjo woni ko e jooɗaade to Ibadan, ko kañum halfinaa Division ɗiɗaɓo oo jogaade kaɓirɗe. E nder wuro ngo, Obasanjo jannginii course ganndal konu to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Ibadan, o mahi jokkondiral makko e nder elite Yoruba. E nder wolde nde, wonno ko jiiɓru mawndu e nder Dowla Hirnaange, ngam daɗde e ɗeen caɗeele, Obasanjo woppi golle mum e nder Diiso doosɗe Hirnaange.Nde Obasanjo woɗɗi Ibadan e lewru noowammbar 1968, gure jogiiɗe kaɓirɗe ɗe fedde remooɓe Agbekoya moofti, njani e galle laamorɗo Ibadan. Konuuji ɗii njaabtii, mbari sappo e fitinaaji ɗii. Nde Obasanjo arti o yamiri yo ñaawirde ƴeewto kewuuji ɗii. Yamiroore konu: 1967-1970 "Kolonel Olu Obasanjo, gardinooɗo diɗɗal tataɓal". Jaaynde Naajeeriya keso, hello 7, 12 lewru Yarkomaa 1970. Gagga hare nder leydi Naajeeriya e Biafra. Ndeen Obasanjo toɗɗaama hooreejo caggal diɗɗal ɗiɗaɓal Murtala Muhammed, gollotoongal to Mid-Ouest. Obasanjo ina jooɗii to Ibadan, ko kañum halfinaa Division ɗiɗaɓo oo jogaade kaɓirɗe. E nder wuro ngo, Obasanjo jannginii course ganndal konu to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Ibadan, o mahi jokkondiral makko e nder elite Yoruba. E nder wolde nde, wonno ko jiiɓru mawndu e nder Dowla Hirnaange, ngam daɗde e ɗeen geɗe, Obasanjo woppi golle e nder Diiso doosɗe Dowla Hirnaange. Nde Obasanjo woɗɗi Ibadan e lewru noowammbar 1968, wuro ngo ina jogii balɗe, ngo fedde remooɓe Agbekoya moofti, yani e galle laamorɗo Ibadan. Konuuji ɗii njaabtii, mbari sappo e fitinaaji ɗii. Nde Obasanjo arti o yamiri yo ñaawirde ƴeewto kewuuji ɗii. Gowon felliti lomtaade Kolonel Benjamin Adekunle, ardinooɗo njanngu Biafra, kono ina haani Yoruba mawɗo goɗɗo. O suɓii ko Obasanjo, hay so tawii noon o alaa humpito hare. Obasanjo arii Port Harcourt ngam heɓtude golle ɗee ñalnde 16 mee 1969 ; o ardii hannde hakkunde 35 000 e 40 000 soldaat. O waɗii jonte jeegom gadane ɗee ko e riiwtude njangu Biafran e Aba. O yilliima kala nokku e yeeso, o gaañiiɗo e waɗde ɗum. Ɗee golle ngaddi mo innde cuusal e nder worɓe makko E lewru desaambar, Obasanjo fuɗɗii golle Finishing Touch, yamiri konu mum yo yahru yeeso feewde Umuahia, ngu ɓe ƴetti ñalnde Natal. Ɗum taƴii Biafra e feccere. Ñalnde 7 lewru Yarkomaa 1970, o ummini ndeen « Operation Tail-Wind », o heɓti laana ndiwoowa Uli ñalnde 12 lewru Yarkomaa. E oon sahaa, ardiiɓe Biafran njaɓi yoɓde. Ñalnde 13 lewru nduu, Obasanjo jokkondiri e komandaajo konu Biafran biyeteeɗo Philip Effiong. Obasanjo wi'i sooja'en Biafran hokka balmi maɓɓe, nden boo suɓol ardiiɓe lesdi ndi'i ɗon yaha Lagos, ɓe hokka Gowon dow laawol. Janngo mum, Obasanjo haali e rajo diiwaan oo, o wiyi ɓiɓɓe leydi ndi yo njokku e galleeji mum en, o dartina kisal mum en. Biafranaaɓe heewɓe e jaayɗe goɗɗe ina kuli wonde konu leydi Najeriya ina waawi waɗde bonanndeeji keewɗi e yimɓe foolɓe ɓee, hay so tawii noon Obasanjo ina yiɗi haɗde ɗum. O yamiri konu makko e nder diiwaan hee yo heddo e nder galleeji mum en, jokkude wonde polis nokku oo ina foti ƴettude kuule ngam ƴellitde sariya e deeƴre. Division tataɓo, ɓurɗo woɗɗude, waɗii hareeji warngooji e yimɓe nokku oo. Obasanjo ina tiiɗi e waɗooɓe bonannde ndee, sibu waɗɓe warngooji ɗii mberlaama, waɗɓe warngooji ɗii mbardaa. Laamu Gowon waɗi Obasanjo kalfinaaɗo naatnude Biafra e nder leydi Najeriya, e nder oon darnde o heɓi teddungal ngam teeŋtinde mawngu. Ko o injenieer, o teeŋtinii artirde jolngo ndiyam ; haa lewru mee 1970 gure mawɗe diiwaan oo fof njokkondirii e jolngo ndiyam. Darnde Obasanjo e timminde wolde nde waɗi mo jaambaaro wolde, kadi ko o neɗɗo ganndiraaɗo e nder leydi Najeriya. Kuugal maako ɓaawo konu lesdi: 1970-1975 E lewru suwee 1970, Obasanjo arti Abeokuta, jamaanu jaɓɓii mo no jaambaaro garoowo nii. Ndeen o neldaama to Lagos, o woni Brigadier gardinooɗo Korse Innjiniyankooɓe. E lewru oktoobar, Gowon hollitii wonde laamu militeer en ina rokka laamu nguu laamu siwil e hitaande 1976. E nder ɗuum, haɗde lanndaaji politik ina heddii e doole ; Gowon yahri yeeso seeɗa e sosde laamu siwil. E les laamu sooja'en, Obasanjo jooɗi nder goomu limngal sooja'en lesdi Naajeeriya, ko laarani limngal sooja'en lesdi Naajeeriya nder duuɓi 1970. E hitaande 1974 Obasanjo yahi to leydi Angalteer ngam janngude to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Royal College to bannge diine. Nde o arti, e lewru Yarkomaa 1975 Gowon toɗɗii mo Komisariyaa Golle e Koɗki, golle ɗe o joginoo fotde lebbi jeeɗiɗi, e nder ɗuum o ɓuri waawde mahde kaɓirɗe konu. E hitaande 1970, Obasanjo soodi sosiyatee Libannaajo ɓooyɗo to Ibadan, o gollini heen awokaa ngam ƴellitde ɗum. E hitaande 1973 o winnditii fedde wiyeteende Temperance Enterprises Limited, nde o waawi waɗde heen golle njulaagu caggal nde o woppi golle konu. O jokki kadi e waɗde heen jawdi ; e hitaande 1974 o joginoo galleeji ɗiɗi to Lagos e gooto fof to Ibadan e Abeokuta. Haalaaji ummii wonde Obasanjo ina jokki e waɗde njulaagu nguu ina ɓeydoo yaajde e nder leydi Najeriya, hay so tawii noon alaa ko holliti ɗum ko laaɓti. Dewgal makko e Oluremi wonti caɗeele nde o salii jokkondiral makko e rewɓe woɗɓe. E cakkital kitaale 1970 dewgal maɓɓe fusi. E hitaande 1976 o resi Stella Abebe e nder kewu aadaaji Yoruba. E nder laamu Murtala Kuudetaa 1975 e caggal mum Binndanɗe mawɗe: Kuudetaa laamu Nijeer e hitaande 1975 e Kawtal konu Nijeer (1966–1979) E lewru sulyee 1975, kuudetaa e gardagol Shehu Muusaa Yar’Adua e Yuusuf Garba liɓi Gowon, o dogi fayti Angalteer. Ɓe kaalaani Obasanjo e peeje maɓɓe nde tawnoo omo anndiraa wonde kuudetaa ko kuutorgal waylude laamu. Kuudetaaji ɗii njiɗnoo ko lomtinde laamu otokaraasi Gowon nguu e laamu tati (triumvirate) brigadieruuji tati ɗi Diiso Toowngo Konu ina waawi haɗde kuule mum en. Ngalɗoo laamu tati, ɓe cemmbini Seneraal Murtala Muhammed yo won hooreejo leydi, Obasanjo woni ɗiɗaɓo e gardagol mum, Danjuma woni tataɓo. Daartoowo biyeteeɗo John Iliffe teskiima wonde e nder triumvirate, Obasanjo ko « puccu gollordu e ngaandi » , ko kanko ɓuri yaawde hootde e laamu siwil. E nder heen, triumvirate oo naatni peeje ustude ngalu ngam haɗde inflation, sosi Biro toppitiiɗo ko fayti e golle bonɗe, lomtini guwerneeruuji militeer en ɗii fof ofiseeji kesi, ɓe cifotoo ko Obasanjo woni hooreejo konu, ɓe puɗɗii "Operation Deadwood" mo ɓe ndartini ofiseeji civil 11,000. Mawɗo gollordu, suudu sarɗiiji: 1975–76 E lewru oktoobar 1975, laamu nguu hollitii peeje ngam waɗde woote ɗe mbaɗata ngam laamu siwil e lewru oktoobar 1979. Ngu hollitii kadi peeje ngam sosde goomu ngam ƴettude doosgal leydi kesal, tawi ko Obasanjo ɓuri waawde suɓaade terɗe goomu nguu 49. E dow wasiyaaji Komiseer Irifeke, laamu nguu hollitii kadi sosde dowlaaji jeeɗiɗi kesi ; e dow tiiɗnaare Obasanjo, Abeokuta ina foti wonde laamorgo gooto e ɗeen dowlaaji kesi, hono Ogun. Kadi dow wasiyaaji komitiiru ndun, ɓe anndini anniyaaji seeɗa-seeɗa ngam wurtinki laamorgo lesdi Naajeeriya diga Lagos haa Abuja ɓurduɗum caka. E lewru Yarkomaa 1976, Obasanjo e Danjuma fof ƴettaa e jappeere Lietnaa-Seneraal. Murtala e Obasanjo fof ina ndartini darnde ngam haɗde koloñaal Oropnaaɓe jokkude e njiimaandi ɓaleeɓe tokosɓe e nder Afrik worgo, ɗum noon ko huunde nde ɓe cuɓii e politik maɓɓe caggal leydi. Ngolɗoo sabaabu ina ɓeydoo wontude ngoƴa Obasanjo. Caggal nde Angolaa heɓti jeytaare mum e juuɗe Portigaal, wolde ɓesngu addi e leydi hee. Naajeeriya anndi laabi laamu ngu MPLA, fedde marxist en nde Dental Sowiyet walli, sabu laamu luulndiingu FNLA e UNITA ina mballita e laamu ɓaleeɓe tokosɓe to Afrik worgo. Ko jiidaa e rokkude MPLA ballal kaalis, Niiseer fuɗɗiima ƴattaade leyɗeele Afrik goɗɗe ngam kadi jaɓde njuɓɓudi MPLA, e fuɗɗoode hitaande 1976 ko ɓuri heewde e dowlaaji e nder Fedde Ngootaagu Afrik (OAU) mbaɗii ɗum. E lewru feebariyee 1976, Obasanjo ardii delegaasiyoŋ Najeriya ngam mawninde hitaande MPLA to Luanda, ɗo o wiyi : « ko ñalngu maantiniingu, ko ɗum fuɗɗoode hare sakkitiinde ngam haɓaade koloñaal, imperiyaalisma e njiyaagu e nder Afrik ». Warngo Murtala : 13 feebariyee 1976 E lewru feebariyee 1976, kolonel Buka Suka Dimka waɗi kuudetaa e laamu Nijeer, tawi ko ndeen Seneraal Murtala Muhammed waraa. Eɓɓoore kadi waɗaama e nguurndam Obasanjo, kono neɗɗo mo fotaani waraa. Dimka ŋakkiraa ballal mawngal e nder militeer en, kuudetaa makko ronki, ɗum addani mo dogde. Obasanjo tawtoraaki wirwirnde Murtala to Kano, kono o hollitii laamu nguu ina jogori yoɓde mahngo juulirde e nokku ɗo o wirnaa ɗoo. Caggal nde o waraa, Obasanjo tawtoraama batu Diiso Toowngo Konu. O hollitii yiɗde makko woppude laamu, kono Diiso ngoo heɓiino ɗaɓɓude yo o lomto Murtala e gardagol leydi ndii. Ko ɗum waɗi o wonti hooreejo diiso ngoo.E nder kulhuli makko e ɓeydagol eɓɓooji e nguurndam makko, Obasanjo naati e nder kasoo Dodan, tawi 39 neɗɗo tuumaaɗo wonde e nder kuudetaa Dimka mbaraa, ɗum jibini tuumeede wonde jaabawol Obasanjo ngol ina heewi. Ko Obasanjo woni hooreejo leydi ndi, o huniima jokkude dawrugol Murtala. Hooreejo leydi konu (1976-1979) Triumvirat konu E anndude kulhuli gonɗi e woɗɗude yimɓe woyla Naajeeriya, Obasanjo addi Seneraal Shehu Yar'Adua ngam lomtaade mo e ɗiɗaɓo e gardagol hooreejo konu, gardiiɗo jaagorɗe toowɗo timminoowo triumvirate militeer en, Obasanjo woni hooreejo leydi e Seneraal Theophilus Stajumabli ngam laamaade dow tato we- laamu konu. Obasanjo hirjinii jeewte e nanondiral hakkunde Diiso Toowngo Konu. Heewɓe ina kaawaa hol ko waɗi Obasanjo – hono Yoruba e Kerecee – toɗɗaade Yar’Adua, tergal e aristokraasi worgo, yo won gardiiɗo ɗiɗaɓo mum, wonaa banndiiko Yoruba Kerecee. Obasanjo teeŋtinii kulhuli ngenndiiji e dow ɗi diiwanuuji ɗii ; o hirjini sukaaɓe e mawɓe fof nde njanngata fodoore ngenndiire hesere ndee e jimɗi ngenndiiji ɗii. Nafoore heɓde miijooji ɓurɗi yaajde, ñalnde aset kala omo waɗa seminar mo alaa ko woni e mum so wonaa toɓɓere nde yimɓe ɓe ngonaa politikaaji e gollotooɓe laamu noddata. Ina jeyaa e ɓe o ɗaɓɓirta wasiyaaji mum en, annduɓe lislaam e mawɓe aadaaji. Politik faggudu Obasanjo wondude e hooreejo leydi Amerik biyeteeɗo Jimmy Carter to galle laamorɗo Amerik e hitaande 1977 E cakkital kitaale 1970, leydi Naajeeriya ina joginoo faggudu ɓurndu heewde doole, tawi noon ko 34% e inflation. Ngam haɓugo bee caɗeele faggudu lesdi Naajeeriya, Obasanjo tokki dabareeji cemmbiɗinki ceede ngam ustugo ceede laamu. E nder bidsee makko 1976, Obasanjo eɓɓi ustude njoɓdi laamu nguu fotde feccere, ustude eɓɓaaɗe tedduɗe, tawa ina ɓeyda njoɓdi jaŋde, cellal, galleeji, e ndema. O sosi kadi goomu ngam haɓaade inflation, e nder hitaande wootere caggal nde Obasanjo heɓi laamu, inflation ustii haa 30%. Obasanjo ina heewi yiɗde ñamlude kaalis, kono e ballal Banke Adunayankeewo e Fonds Monétaire International, Nijeer ƴetti ñamlude miliyaaruuji 1 dolaar e fedde bankeeji. Ɓeen ñiŋooɓe leftist en mbiyi wonde waɗde ɗum ina addana leydi ndii ɗooftaade kapitaalisma. E nder duuɓi ɗiɗi garooji ɗii, laamu Obasanjo, Nijeer ƴettii 4 983 miliyoŋ dolaar goɗɗo. Naajeeriya ina wondi e ɓeydagol fotde 3% hitaande kala e nder kitaale 1970, huunde nde fotnoo ɓeydaade fotde laabi ɗiɗi e nder duuɓi 25 seeɗa. Obasanjo teskiima caggal ɗuum wonde o anndaa ɗum e oon sahaa, sibu laamu makko alaa politik e ƴellitde yimɓe. Ɓeydagol yimɓe leydi Naajeeriya addani ɓe ɓeydaade yaawde e nder gure mawɗe e ŋakkeende cuuɗi e nder gure. Ngam haɓaade ɗum, bidsee Obasanjo e hitaande 1976 hollitii peeje mahngo 200 000 galle keso haa hitaande 1980, hay so tawii noon ko 28 500 tan mahaa.E hitaande 1976, laamu Obasanjo kadi hollitii wonde ina jogori ƴellitde renndo e cogguuli. Ngam haɓaade jiiɓru seppooji gollotooɓe, e hitaande 1976 laamu Obasanjo yaltinii sariyaaji cifotooɗi ko ɓuri heewde e gollorɗe mawɗe ko sarwisaaji baɗɗi faayiida, haɗi seppooji e nder mum en, yamiri nanngugol ardiiɓe senndikaaji jiiɓru. E hitaande 1978 nde hawriti senndikaaji 42 e nder fedde wootere nde gollotooɓe e leydi Nijeer. Obasanjo jokki bee taskaramji tati mawɗi ngam ndiyam haa woyla lesdi Naajeeriya ɗi arannde anndinaama les Murtala: taskaramji maayo Kano, taskaramji Bakalori, e taskaramji ndiyam Chad Sud. Laamu makko kadi jokki eɓɓooji ƴellitaare ndema puɗɗanooɗi to Funtua, Gusau, e Gombe. Won eɓɓaaɗe ƴellitgol laddeeji kadi puɗɗaama ngam haɗde njiimaandi Saharaa to bannge worgo. Ngam heɓde ko ɓuri heewde e ɗaɓɓaande leydi ndii e kuuraa, Obasanjo ardiima udditgol eɓɓaaɗe ɗiɗi kese ngam ƴellitde kuuraa e nder ndiyam e ƴulɓe. Industry petrol heddii ko huunde mawnde e faggudu leydi Naajeeriya e les laamu Obasanjo, ministeer petrol hawtii e fedde petroŋ leydi Naajeeriya ngam sosde fedde petroŋ leydi Naajeeriya (NNPC). Obasanjo kadi wallitii sosde lowre liggorde to Bonny, nde NNPC yoɓi 62% ; eɓɓaande ndee ko lomto makko woppi ɗum e nder ɓeydagol coodguuli. Obasanjo jokki kadi e peewnugol njuɓɓudi njamndi mboɗeeri Ajaokuta, eɓɓaande ndonaandi nde heewɓe e ñiŋooɓe e nder sarwisaaji laamu mbiyata ko nde waawataa huutoreede. E nder cakkital kitaale 1970, Naajeeriya kadi ina wondi e ustaare ndema, ko ɗum huunde nde laamuuji jokkondirɗi ɗii njiyti ko ɓuri hoybude e naatde e nguura e nder leydi ndii. E lewru mee 1976, Obasanjo fuɗɗii « Operation Feed the Nation » (Operation Feed the Nation), woni eɓɓaande ngam wuurtinde ndema tokoosa, tawi ina jeyaa heen yoɓeede almudɓe ngam remde e nder balɗe juulde. Eɓɓaande ndee ina waɗi kadi momtugol njoɓɗeele e nguura jawdi e kaɓirɗe ndema, e ballal kuutoragol tovo ngo, e ustude njoɓɗeele ndema. E lewru marse 1978, Obasanjo yaltini kuulal kuutoragol leydi ndi rokki laamu nguu hakkeeji jeyi leydi e dow leydi ndii kala. Ɗum waɗiraa ko ngam haɗde njulaagu leydi e njulaagu leydi, kadi addani ɗum yetteede e bannge nano leydi Najeriya hay so tawii noon ko galleeji keewɗi jogiiɗi leydi njiɗaa ɗum. Obasanjo yiyri ɗum ko e geɗe teeŋtuɗe laamu mum. Obasanjo wallitorii reentaade Gowon ngam waɗde heen jawdi mum caggal leydi, o jokki e ɗeen politikaaji. Politik faggudu ngenndiyankaagal e nder sekteeruuji teeŋtuɗi ina usta njulaagu keeriiɗo, ɗum addani ɗum ustude njulaagu, hay so tawii noon daraniiɓe ɗum ɓee ina njetta Obasanjo ngam dartinde diisnondiral kaalis so renndinaama e ardiiɓe mum. Politikuuji nder leydi O (Obasanjo) jokki e ƴamol jaŋde leslesre winndereyankoore e nder leydi Najeriya, politik ronkaama e Gowon. O naatini sariya jaŋde leslesre e hitaande 1976 ; hakkunde 1975–76 e 1979–80, binnditagol e duɗe leslese ɗe njoɓaaka kono ɗe njiɗaa, ɓeydiima gila e miliyoŋaaji 6 haa 12,5 miliyoŋ, hay so tawii noon jannginooɓe e kaɓirɗe ina ŋakki ngam waawde huutoraade ɗaɓɓaande ndee. E hitaande jaŋde 1977–78, Obasanjo naatni jaŋde hakkundeere nde alaa ko yoɓetee e fannuuji karallaagal, huunde nde yaajnaa e denndaangal jaŋde hakkundeere e hitaande 1979–80. E oon sahaa gooto, leydi Naajeeriya ustii kaalis jaŋde toownde ; e hitaande 1978 nde woppi rokkude ñamaale almudɓe, nde ɓeydi fotde laabi tati njoɓdi nguura e hoɗorde duɗe jaaɓi haaɗtirde. Seppooji janngooɓe mbaɗi e nder gure keewɗe, waɗii warngooji baɗnooɗi e nder wuro Lagos e Zaria. E nder jaabawol fitinaaji ɗii, Obasanjo udditi duɗe jaaɓi-haaɗtirde keewɗe, haɗi golle politik e nder duɗe jaaɓi-haaɗtirde, haɗi kadi fedde janngooɓe leydi Najeriya. Tiiɗnaare ɗeen peeje ina gasa tawa ko sabu tuumeede wonde fitinaaji almudɓe ɗii ina njokkondiri e kuudetaa militeer peewnaaɗo e lewru feebariyee 1978. Obasanjo ina mettini e jikkuuji almudɓe seppooɓe ɓee, o wiyi wonde ɗum ina hollita ruttaade e nafooje aadaaji ko wayi no hormaade almudɓe. Ngam batte ɓamtaare laamu Naajeeriya, leydi ndi yi’i ɓamtaare mawnde nder kuuɗe laamu. Seedeeji peeñii ko feewti e fenaande mawnde e nder laamu leydi ndii, tee, so tawii tuume ɗee ina keewi waɗeede e Obasanjo e hoore mum, alaa seedeeji tiiɗɗi peeñi. Ngam haɗde natal njulaagu e nder laamu, laamu Obasanjo haɗii huutoraade otooji Mercedes ngam waɗde otooji laamu, e lomtaade ɗum en, ɓe mbaɗti heen otooji Peugeot 504 ɓurɗi hoybude Naatgol champagne kadi haɗaama. E ƴaañde taƴgol konu, laamu Obasanjo yiyri 12 000 soldaat ina ndartinaa e nder duuɓi 1976 e 1977. Ɗee konu njalti ko e nokkuuji kesi ngam wallitde ɗum en e jokkondirde e nguurndam siwil en. Obasanjo kadi ina tuuma wonde ko kañum woni sabaabu ƴaañgol politik. E nder yeewtere wootere maantiniinde, koɗorɗe jimoowo e daraniiɗo politik Najeriya biyeteeɗo Fela Kuti, Republique Kalakuta, yani, yani haa laaɓi, caggal nde tergal e fedde makko hawri e yimɓe konu. Fela e ɓesngu mum piyi, njuppaa, yumma mum mawɗo, daraniiɗo politik e yumma mum sosɗo Chief Funmilayo Ransome Kuti, werlaa e windo. Ɗum addani mo gaañiiɓe no feewi, haa arti noon e maayde makko. Fela caggal ɗuum nawti kees to galle hooreejo leydi ndii e oon sahaa to Dodan Barracks to Lagos ngam salaade ƴaañde laamu nguu e politik. Politik caggal leydi Hooreejo leydi Amerik biyeteeɗo Jimmy Carter ina wondi e Obasanjo e njillu mum to leydi Najeriya e hitaande 1978 Obasanjo ina yiɗi tabitinde leydi Najeriya no ardorde mawnde e nder Afrik nii, e nder laamu makko, doole mum e nder duunde nde ɓeydiima. O ummini dabare Gowon ngam waɗugo julde ɗiɗaɓre nder duuniyaaru ngam naalankaaku e pinal ɓaleeɓe e afriknaajo haa lesdi Naajeeriya; ɗum waɗi ko to Lagos e lewru feebariyee 1977, hay so tawii noon ñaawooɓe nder leydi ndii mbiyi ko ɗum huunde nde alaa ko nafata. Obasanjo hokkii ɗuuɗal teddungal dow Dental Faggudu lesɗe Afrik Hirnaange (ECOWAS) nden o mettini ɗuuɗɓe nder terɗe maako ɗemngal Farayse ɓaawo o wi'i, bana no Naajeeriya ɓuri wallugo ceede ngam hukuuma kan, Naajeeriya foti jaɓɓaago hukuumaaji pamari ɗin haa Lagos. Jokkondiral e Ganaa ɓadiiɗo kadi ustii ; e hitaande 1979, leydi Nijeer taƴii petroŋ e nder leydi ndii ngam salaade warngooji luulndiiɓe politik ɗi laamu kesu ngu Jerry Rawlings wari. E laamu Obasanjo, Naajeeriya ustii jokkondiral mum juutngal e leydi Angalteer, ɓeydi jokkondirde e leyɗeele dentuɗe Amerik. Obasanjo ina yiɗi laamu hooreejo leydi Amerik biyeteeɗo Jimmy Carter, cuɓaaɗo e hitaande 1976, sabu Carter ina joginoo darnde tiiɗnde ngam tabitinde laamu ɓurngu heewde e Afrik worgo. Ambasadeer Carter to leydi Nijeer, hono Andrew Young, waɗii sehilaagal tiiɗngal e Obasanjo, Carter yilliima leydi Nijeer e hitaande 1978. Kono tan, kuulal ngam waylude alkule ɗee waɗiraa ko ngam dalillaaji laaɓtuɗi, wonaa miijooji ; yiytude petroŋ e nder maayo worgo firti ko Angalteer wontii ƴaañoowo wonaa soodoowo petroŋ Nijeer.Laamu Obasanjo kadi ina mettini heen no feewi nde Angalteer salii yoɓde Gowon, ina sikka wonde laamu Angalteer ina waawi wonde e kuudetaa mo Murtala waɗi. Ngam ɗeeɗoo hujjaaji, e hitaande 1976 nde miijii dartinde jokkondiral dipolomaasi e Angalteer, kono haa jooni nde dartinaani. Obasanjo noon saliima yahde Angalteer, o semmbini ardiiɓe makko waɗde ɗum. Jokkondiral ngal ɓeydii bonde nde Margaret Thatcher wonti gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi Angalteer e hitaande 1979, o fuɗɗii waɗde feere ɓurnde welde e njuɓɓudi laamu ɓaleeɓe tokosɓe to Rodesi e Afrik worgo. E nder jaabawol ngol, Naajeeriya nanngi laanawol ndiyam lesdi Naajeeriya, ngol ɓe tammi ɗon nastina petrol Naajeeriya haa lesdi Naajeeriya, ɓe haɗi hukuumaaji pamari Biritaniya ngam heɓugo kuuɗe Naajeeriya, ɓe nastini kuuɗe BP haa lesdi Naajeeriya. Obasanjo ina yiɗi kadi yaawnaade joofnude laamu ɓaleeɓe tokosɓe e nder Afrik worgo ; e wiyde Iliffe, ɗum wonti « cakkital politik makko caggal leydi ». Naajeeriya hokki ballal ngam haɓugo bee laamu daneeji nder diiwal ngal, hokki hukuumaaji pamari ɗi'i uddita birooji haa Lagos, nden hokki hukuumaaji pamari ɗin ɗon hokka mooɓgal feere-feere dogguɓe laamuuji lesdi Afrika fombinaari. E ƴettude peeje tiiɗɗe ngam haɓaade laamu apartaayd to Afrik worgo, Obasanjo hollitii wonde Nijeer naatataa e Olimpiyaaji 1976 sabu leydi Nuwel Selannde, tawtoraaɗo kawgel ngel, ina joginoo jokkondiral e Afrik worgo, leydi ndi haɗaa tawtoreede kawgel ngel sabu apartaayd. E hitaande 1977, Obasanjo haɗi kala kontraaji jokkondirɗi e Afrik worgo golloraade e nder leydi Nijeer ; sosiyateeji mawɗi ɗi njippii ɗii ko petroŋ Angalteer e Banke Barclays. E ndeen hitaande kadi, leydi Nijeer yuɓɓinii batu Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe ngam haɓaade apartaayd to Lagos, Obasanjo yilliima Amerik e lewru oktoobar ɗo o wiyi leydi ndii yo woppu yeeyde kaɓirɗe to Afrik worgo. Nde o woni nder leydi ndi'i o wolwi haa kawtal hoore lesdi ndi'i nden asaweeje ɗiɗi ɓaawo man Naajeeriya heɓi jooɗorde nder kawtal lesdi ndi'i. Fiilde Margaret Thatcher e hitaande 1979 ngam wonde gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi Angalteer, addani jokkondiral Angalteer e Niiseer bonnude ; Obasanjo miijii ko o yurmeende no feewi e laamuuji daneeji tokoosi e nder Afrik worgo Luulndaade laamu ɓaleeɓe tokosɓe e nder leydi Rodesi, addaniino hare Bush e nder leydi Rodesi, laamu Obasanjo ina jokki e wiyde wonde ko hare balɗe tan woni feere ngam foolde laamu Rodesi. O hirjinii ngootaagu hakkunde pelle ceertuɗe luulndiiɗe laamu toon, o wiyi Robert Mugabe, hooreejo ZANU, yo jaɓ ardaade luulndiiɗo makko, hono Joshua Nkomo mo ZAPU. E hitaande 1977, Angalteer e Amerik ciifi eɓɓaaɗe ngam waylude laamu ɓurngu heewde e Rodesi, e nder yonta mo leydi ndii woni e les njiimaandi doole Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe. Obasanjo jaɓii eɓɓaande ndee, o yilliima Tansani, Sammbi, Mosammbik, e Republiik Demokaratik Konngo ngam wiyde laamuuji mum en yo mbaɗ noon. Kono caggal nde Thatcher wonti gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi Angalteer, leydi Nijeer woɗɗitii hoore mum e darnde Angalteer ngam haɗde wolde Bush Rhodesian, o woppitaa kala darnde teeŋtunde e nder golle ɗe Angalteer waɗi, ɗe ngaddani wooteeji demokaraasi ɗi leƴƴi keewɗi mbaɗi e hitaande... Ko o hooreejo leydi, Obasanjo tawtoraama batuuji OAU. E oon sahaa yuɓɓinaa e lewru sulyee 1977, o eɓɓi sosde goomu jooɗiiɗo ngam haɓaade luural hakkunde leyɗeele jeyaaɗe e OAU. E batu 1978, o jeertinii wonde banngeeji ɗiɗi ɗii fof ina poti naatde e wolde huuɓtodinnde. E nder batu garoowo oo, o wiyi yo konu Pan-Afriknaajo sose, baawɗo waɗde golle ngam hisnude jam e nder duunde he. Ngam ɓamtuki darnde lesdi Naajeeriya nder duuniyaaru, Obasanjo nasti nder kuuɗe feere-feere ɗe lesdi Naajeeriya nder Afrika fuu. E hitaande 1977, o heɓtinii Benin e Togo yoo ndartin luural hakkunde keeri mum en, nguddita keeri mum en. O etinooma kadi haɓaade luural hakkunde leyɗeele keewɗe Fuɗnaange Afrik, o haɗa ɗum kadi ruttaade e Dental Fuɗnaange Afrik, kono o dañii heen caɗeele. Ko o hooreejo goomu jokkondire OAU, o etinooma jokkondire Ogaden hakkunde Ecoppi e Somali kono kadi o dañaani. O waawaano kadi feewnude luural peeñngal hakkunde Angalteer e leydi Konngo. E innde OAU, Obasanjo waɗii batu to Kano ngam haɓaade hare hakkunde leyɗeele Caad. Feddeeji keewɗi njaɓii darnude wolde, sosde laamu ngootaagu ngenndi, e accude konu leydi Najeriya ina waɗa jam. Hare nden noon jokki, Naajeeriya jaabtii e taƴde petroŋ mum to Caad. Koolol ɗiɗmol ko faati e hare ndee waɗii to Lagos e lewru ut 1979, ɗum addani laamu nguu sosde laamu nguu, ngu juutaani. E hitaande sakkitiinde e laamu makko konu, o ardii golle OAU ngam safrude wolde Saharaa hirnaange. Jaltugol laamu Laamu militeer en hawri ko e goomu ƴettugol doosɗe leydi ngam ƴettude doosgal kesal potngal huutoreede e nder mbayliigu laamu siwil. Goomu nguu hollitii wonde Naajeeriya ina foti waylude laamu mum, ngu tuugii ko e laamu parlemaa leydi Angalteer, ngu tuugnii e laamu hooreejo leydi Amerik, ɗo hooreejo leydi gooto cuɓaaɗo woni hooreejo leydi e hooreejo laamu. Ngam haɗude oo hooreejo leydi wontude diktatoor, hono no waɗirnoo e nokkuuji goɗɗi e nder Afrik nii, o ɗaɓɓi ƴeewndorɗe keewɗe e doole maɓɓe, haa arti noon e njuɓɓudi fedde nde, ɗo juɓɓule cuɓaaɗe keertiiɗe ngoni ɗoo e to bannge fedde, to bannge dowri, to bannge nokkuuji. Eɓɓaande doosgal leydi ndii yaltinaa ko e lewru oktoobar 1976, nde yeewtidaa e yeeso yimɓe fof e hitaande aroore ndee.Asamblee doosgal leydi hawri ngam yeewtidde e eɓɓaande doosgal leydi ndii e lewru oktoobar 1977. Asaambele leydi ndii ina jokki e ƴeewde hol darnde nde sariya sharia rokkata e nder doosgal leydi ndii. Obasanjo noddii dental ngal, o jeertini ɓe batte kuulal ngal ɓe mbaɗi e renndo, o wiyi ɓe yo ɓe ƴettu jikkuuji ɓurɗi moƴƴude. E lewru suwee 1978, Diiso toowngo konu (Conseil suprême militaire) habri doosɗe leydi kese ɗee ; nde waɗiino waylooji keewɗi e mbaydi ndi asaambele doosgal leydi ndii ƴetti. Yanti e doosgal kesal ngal, Obasanjo itti haɗde lanndaaji politik. Ndeen pelle keewɗe mbaɗii ngam tawtoreede wooteeji garooji ɗii, ko ɓuri teeŋtude heen ko lannda ngootaagu Yoruba, lannda yimɓe Naajeeriya, e lannda ngenndiijo Naajeeriya. Obasanjo mettini heen no feewi nde tawnoo heewɓe e dawriyankooɓe ina mbaɗa fodoore nde ɓe mbaawataa ɗooftaade. Woote ɗee mbaɗi ko e nder lewru sulyee e lewru ut 1979. Wootooɓe ɓee ina pamɗi, ko hakkunde 30 e 40% e wootooɓe winnditiiɓe e sariya, tee ina waɗi fenaande banngeeji keewɗi, hay so tawii noon ko jam. Wonno ko jeewte ko fayti e hol keɓɗo woote hooreleydaagu, Obasanjo salii ñaawde, o wiyi yo Komisariyaa woote ƴetta oon darnde.Ɓe kollitii wonde Shehu Shagari woni keɓɗo, huunde nde gardiiɗo ɗiɗaɓo oo, hono Obafemi Awolowo, luulndii to Ñaawirde Toownde, tawi o dañaani heen nafoore. Shagari ƴetti laamu ko e lewru oktoobar 1979 ; e nder kewu udditgol makko, Obasanjo rokki Shagari koppi doosgal leydi kesal. Ko ɗum woni fuɗɗoode Republique ɗiɗaɓere leydi Najeriya. Darnde Obasanjo nder wartirki lesdi Naajeeriya haa laamu siwil, ɗum laatoto darnde woore nde o jogi nder duuɓi cappanɗe ɗiɗi garooji. Kono yimɓe heewɓe e nder leydi ndii e caggal leydi, ina jeyaa heen hooreejo leydi Zambie, hono Kenneth Kaunda e hooreejo leydi Togo, hono Gnassingbé Eyadéma, ina ɗaɓɓi e makko yo o heddo e laamu. Jaɓde makko wallitde Awolowo, banndiiko Yoruba, addani mo gaño ko heewi e elite Yoruba. Awolowo tuumi Obasanjo ko kanko woni orkestraaji Shagari, huunde nde Obasanjo yeddi no feewi. Ko adii laamu (1979-1999) Ko adii nde o yaltata laamu, e lewru abriil 1979, Obasanjo ƴetti hoore mum e darnde seneraal ; ko o seneraal koode nay o jokki e heɓde njoɓdi dowla. Nde o woppi golle e lewru oktoobar, o arti Abeokuta. Caggal nde o waɗi kursus jonte jeegom to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde heblo ndema, Obasanjo ƴetti hoore mum e ndema, omo ɗaminii waɗde yeru e hirjinde ƴellitaare ndema. O heɓi ko famɗi fof 230 ektaar leydi to Ota ngam sosde ngesa makko, o naati ɗoon e galle ngesa birik. Wonno ko gaññeeje nokkuyankooje e dañde leydi ndi haa heewi, ñaawirɗe keewɗe ngaddaama e makko sabu ɗuum. Golle makko ndema yuɓɓinaama e fedde makko wiyeteende Temperance, caggal ɗuum o inniri ɗum « Obasanjo’s Farms Limited ». O waɗti heen hakkille teeŋtuɗo e ndema colli ; e cakkital kitaale 1980, ngesa makko ina ɓuuɓna 140 000 cukalel e yontere. O sosi kadi gese e nder gure goɗɗe to bannge worgo-fuɗnaange, e hitaande 1987 gese makko ina njogii ko ina tolnoo e 400 gollotooɗo e nokkuuji jeetati. Hono no yimɓe Yoruba woɗɓe lolluɓe nii, Obasanjo ina wallitnoo almudɓe miskineeɓe to duɗal makko ɓooyngal to Abeokuta. Obasanjo ɓeydii ñiŋde laamu siwil Shagari, o wiyi hooreejo leydi ndii ina famɗi semmbe, ina ŋakkiraa peeje. Naajeeriya nasti nder ɓillaaji faggudu ngam waylaaki coggu petrol nder duuniyaaru. E lewru mee 1983, mawɓe konu ɗaɓɓiri Obasanjo nde ƴettata laamu leydi ndii kadi, kono o salii. E lewru desaambar, ɓe liɓi Shagari tawi Obasanjo alaa heen, e nder kuudetaa mo yiyaani fitinaaji seeɗa. Muhammadu Buhari laati hooreejo lesdi sooje'en keso. Obasanjo fuɗɗii wallugo laamu Buhari, o wi'i demokaraasi wakiili'en ɗon ƴaɓɓitoo haa lesdi Naajeeriya. O yetti Buhari ngam haɓugo bee cemmbiɗinki lesdi, o ɗon mari feccere nder nastirde lesdi, nden o ɗon wartira budget booɗɗum. E lewru ut 1985, Buhari kadi liɓaama, hooreejo konu Ibraahiima Babangida ƴetti laamu. Obasanjo ina ñiŋa won e peeje faggudu ɗe Babangida waɗi, haa arti noon e ustude njoɓdi naira. E hitaande 1992, luulndaare makko e laamu Babangida addani mo noddude yo leydi Najeriya artire demokaraasi. O fuɗɗii kadi salaade politikaaji faggudu (indigenisation) e kitaale 1970, o wiyi doosɗe leydi ina poti haɗde ƴettugol jawdi caggal leydi. E nder ɗuum, o sikki laamu nguu ina foti teeŋtinde ƴellitaare nde laamu nguu ardii. O ɓeydii hulɓinaade ko ɓeydagol yimɓe, toɓɓere nde o yejjitaani nde o woni e laamu, o wiyi Naajeeriyankooɓe yo njogo ɓesnguuji tokoosi "ngam nafoore faggudu maɓɓe e renndo-faggudu ngenndi". E nder duuɓi sappo e go’o caggal nde Obasanjo woppi laamu, o yaltinii defte nay. E hitaande 1980, Obasanjo wonnoo ko tedduɗo to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Ibadan, ɗo o winndi deftere wiyeteende My Command, daartol ko faati e geɗe makko e nder wolde hakkunde leyɗeele ; nde yalti ko e lewru noowammbar ndeen hitaande. Won e janngooɓe ñiŋii ko ɓe njiyri ko Obasanjo ina ŋakkira Murtala Muhammed, Robert Adeyinka Adebayo, mawɗo politik Yoruba, wiyi yo deftere ndee yaltine ngam haɗde nde aawde feccere. Ƴeewirde ɓurnde moƴƴude ndee waɗi ko sehil makko, hono Ken Saro-Wiwa, o innitiri ɗum masterly kono o sikki ko ɗum waɗi ballal rewindaade no feewi. E hitaande 1987, o yaltini Nzeogwu, deftere ciimtol sehil makko Chukwuma Nzeogwu, mo o gollodtonoo to Konngo. Hitaande 1989, deftere Obasanjo yaltini, wiyeteende Doosgal leydi ngam naatgol e ƴellitaare, nde o jeertini e hujjaaji Babangida ngam sosde laamu lanndaaji ɗiɗi e nder leydi Najeriya. E hitaande 1990, deftere makko tataɓere, wiyeteende Not my volonté yalti. Nde rokki ciimtol sahaa nde o laaminoo leydi ndii. Golle hakkunde leyɗeele: 1979-1993 E hitaande 1986 Obasanjo jokkondiri e Nelson Manndelaa. O hollitii wonde "ko kawral ngal meeɗaa yejjiteede. Mi yiyii e [Mandelaa] Afriknaajo worgo, ko Afriknaajo tigi rigi, kadi ko gardiiɗo winndere mo alaa ko woni e mum. O ɓuri ardiiɓe ɓe min kawri e mum en e nder Afrik worgo ɓee fof." E yiɗde jogaade semmbe e dingiral winnderewal, Obasanjo udditi Fedde Ardorde Afrik e nder ngesa mum Ota. Tuggi 1981 haa 1982, o jooɗiima kadi e Komiseer Palme, fedde nde gonnooɗo gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi Suwed, hono Olof Palme ardii, yeewtidnde ko fayti e ustude kaɓirɗe e kisal winndere. Obasanjo rewi heen ko e jeyeede e goomuuji nannduɗi e ɗii ɗoo, wonande Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe, Fedde Adunaare Cellal, e Goomu hakkunde-leyɗeewu ardiiɓe laamuuji ɓooyɗi. Nde Javier Pérez de Cuéllar, hooreejo Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe rafi, Obasanjo hiisetee ko potɗo lomtaade mo. Caggal nde Pérez de Cuéllar holliti woppii laamu, Obasanjo fuɗɗii kampaañ ngam lomtaade mo. E woote Goomu Kisal Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe, o woni tataɓo, tawi ko Boutros Boutros-Ghali, Ejiptnaajo, ƴetti darnde ndee. O yalti galle makko e njilluuji keewɗi; e hitaande 1986 o yilliima Japon, e hitaande 1987 o yilliima U.S. E nder luural hakkunde leyɗeele dentuɗe Amerik ngam yiɗde ɓurde yooɗde e Afrik worgo, nanondiraama wonde fedde wiyeteende Eminent Persons Group (EPG) ina sosee ngam fuɗɗoraade kaaldigal e laamu Afrik worgo ngam wallitde ɗum e ustude apartaayd. E dow wasiyaaji cukko hooreejo leydi Naajeeriya, hono Emeka Anyaoku, Obasanjo suɓaama ngam ardaade fedde nde e wonndude e gonnooɗo gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi Ostarali, hono Malcolm Fraser. Obasanjo jaɓi e dow fenaande. E lewru feebariyee 1986, kanko e Fraser ɓe njahi to wuro wiyeteengo Cape Town ɗo ɓe naamndii ngam hawritde e Nelson Manndelaa, daraniiɗo apartaayd, tergal mawngal e nder fedde wiyeteende Congres National Africaine (ANC) haɗaande. Ko Obasanjo tan yamiraa jokkondirde e Manndelaa ; o wiyi caggal ɗuum wonde omo weltii e makko no feewi. Ndeen Obasanjo hawrii e mawɓe ANC wonɓe e egguɓe to Lusaka. E lewru marse 1986, EPG oo fof yilliima Afrik worgo, e nder yonta mo jiiɓru e fitinaaji nder galleeji ɓeydii mawnude.Ko ɗoon ɓe kawri e mawɓe laamu nguu, ina jeyaa heen gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi ndii hono P. W. Botha, mo Obasanjo siftini caggal ɗuum wonde ko neɗɗo ɓurɗo muñde mo meeɗaa hawrude. Ciimtol EPG ngol hollitii wonde, so tawii ko ɓuri heewde e yimɓe Afrik worgo ina njiɗi nanondiral ngal alaa ko bonnata hakkunde laamu nguu e pelle luulndiiɗe apartaayd, gadano oo yiɗaa miijaade ɗum, tee alaa ko yahri yeeso no feewi ngam joofnude apartaayd. EPG noon hollitii wonde ina haani ɓeydaade tiiɗnaade e nder winndere ndee. Goomu Commonwealth jaɓii ko ciimtol ngol holliti, tawi Angalteer ina luulndii ɗum ; ɗum addani Obasanjo ɓeydaade mettinde Thatcher. Ndeen Commonwealth yamirii mo yo o ardo goomu ngam yuurnitaade ko Dowlaaji Dentuɗi ɗii poti daranaade koye mum en e njiimaandi Afrik worgo. Caggal nde Botha lomtinaa F. W. de Klerk, ooɗoo ɗiɗaɓo yaltini Manndelaa kasoo. Ina jeyaa e ɗanle Mandelaa gadane caggal leydi, to Niiseer, ɗo o yilli Obasanjo to galle mum. Lebbi ɗiɗi caggal ɗuum, Obasanjo ardii delegaasiyoŋ Najeriya to Afrik worgo ngam yeewtidde e yimɓe mawɓe politik. E lewru suwee 1991, o yilliima kadi, o wiyi hooreejo Zulu en, hono Mangosuthu Buthelezi, yo waɗ kaaldigal e pelle goɗɗe ngam wallitde dartinde apartaayd e waɗde woote timmuɗe. Obasanjo kadi golliima e ƴellitaare nokkuuji goɗɗi e nder Afrik. O yilliima Angalteer laabi ɗiɗi e nder hitaande 1988, o wallitii e darnde ngam joofnude wolde hakkunde leyɗeele toon. O yilliima kadi Sudaan laabi tati hakkunde 1987 e 1989, tawi o dañaani heen nafoore, o hirjinii kaaldigal ngam joofnude wolde ɗiɗmere Sudaan. Ndeen o wonii ƴeewoowo e wooteeji gardagol leydi Mosammbik e hitaande 1994. E hitaande 1994 e 1995, o yilliima Burundi, o golliima ngam deeƴnude caɗeele hakkunde leƴƴi Hutu en e Tutsi en. O fuɗɗinooma noddude jokkondiral ɓurngal ɓadaade e nder Afrik, o wiyi ɗum ina waawi heɓtineede e sosde feddeeji jeegom diiwaanuuji. E lewru suwee 1987, o ƴettiino peeje ngam yuɓɓinde Fedde Ardorde Afrik, nde wallitta rokkude karallaagal e heblo wonande politikaaji ummoriiɗi e duunde he kala. Nde fuɗɗii waɗde batuuji, anndiraaɗi « Dialogues de la maison de la ferme » , gila e galle Obasanjo fotde laabi jeegom e nder hitaande. Kadi nde waɗii batuuji winndereeji kala lewru, nde yaltinii jaaynde kala lewru, wiyeteende “Forum Afrique” hakkunde 1991 e 1993. Haɓde e Abacha: 1992-1995 Obasanjo hollitii kulhuli mum, sibu, hay so tawii o wiyi ina wallita gartugol demokaraasi, Babangida alaa ko anniyaaki so wonaa woppude laamu konu. Caggal nde wooteeji gardagol leydi ndi ndarnaa e hitaande 1992, Obasanjo e Anthony Enahoro ndarni fedde ngam demokaraasi e laamu moƴƴu e nder leydi Najeriya. Joɗnde adannde fedde ndee hawri ko e 31 neɗɗo politik nder leydi to Ota e lewru mee 1993. Wooteeji mbaɗi caggal ɗuum e lewru suwee 1993, tawi yimɓe seeɗa tawtoraama. Moshood Abiola mo lannda Social Democratic (SDP) heɓi, kono Babangida ndeen woppii njeñtudi woote ɗee, fodaniino woote ɗiɗmere ko ɓooyaani. SDP salii kala woote ɗiɗmere nde tawnoo ɓe mbiyi ko kanndidaa maɓɓe heɓiino woote gadane ɗee. Ndeen Babangida jaɓii woppude laamu ngam suɓaade laamu siwil jooɗiiɗo, ngu Ernest Shonekan ardii, ngu heɓi laamu e lewru ut 1993, ngu ƴetti peeje ngam waɗde wooteeji kesi e lewru feebariyee 1994. Seneraal Sani Abacha siftinii gooto e gorko gooto, mo wondude e do-gooders woɗɓe, eɓɓi ñaamde wumre ndee. Heddiiɓe ɓee mbayliima tan, oo Samariyanke nannduɗo e moƴƴo [...] arti ngam ƴettude pot suukara e juuɗe wumre ndee ngam hoore mum. Kadi, ko ɓuri heewde e men Nijeernaaɓe, ko en ƴeewooɓe, en mbeltiima. E nder kala sababuuji, ŋakkaani tawtoraaɓe e ñaamde ndee. Kadi ɓe ngoppaani batte moraal. — Obasanjo, e dow kuudetaa Sani Abacha, hitaande 1994 E oon sahaa, Sani Abacha tiiɗtinii doole mum e konu, e lewru noowammbar 1993, o felliti Shonekan yo woppu laamu, o acci hoore makko ƴettude laamu. Obasanjo noddiino Abacha ko adii kuudetaa oo, ina ñaagii ɗum nde woppataa ngalɗoo laawol. Caggal nde Abacha heɓti laamu, o wiyi Obasanjo yo jokkondir e makko. Ko sakkitii koo waɗii, kono salii wallitde laamu Abacha haa nde anndini ñalngu ngu yaltata e hoore mum. Ndeen Abacha momtii lanndaaji politik gonɗi ɗii e juɓɓule demokaraasiije, o noddi politikaaji ummoriiɗi e nokkuuji ceertuɗi yo naata e Diisnondiral makko Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe ; Obasanjo salii toɗɗaade hay gooto e ndeeɗoo diiso. Obasanjo fuɗɗi jeertinde wonde Naajeeriya ina yahra e wolde hakkunde leyɗeele woɗnde e nder feccere leƴƴi, e lewru mee 1994 kanko e Yar'Adua ɓe ndarni fedde wiyeteende National Unity Promoters, fedde daraniinde haɗde ndeeɗoo feere. E lewru Juko, Abiola anndini hoore mum hooreejo lesdi Naajeeriya, nden o nanngaama ngam janfa. Hay so tawii Obasanjo saliima jaɓde haala Abiola, o wasiyiima Abacha nde woppataa ɗum. Ndeen o ardiima fedde ardiiɓe aadaaji e batu ngu ɓe ndarni ngam fuɗɗoraade kaaldigal hakkunde Abacha e Abiola. Jaɓugo maako wallugo Abiola mettini Yoruba'en ɗuuɗɓe, jawdi Obasanjo haa lesdi Yoruba'en ɗon ƴama.Obasanjo mettini bee ko o yi'i bana jukkungo ngam o wallitaako nafuuda sectari'en Yoruba'en. E lewru marse 1995, Obasanjo ina wonnoo to leydi Danemark ngam tawtoreede batu Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe ngam ɓamtaare renndo to Kopenhag. Nde o woni ton, o nani Yar'Adua nanngaama, malla o heɓan bana non to o warti Naajeeriya. O wiyi noon o wiyi alaa ko o waɗi, o felliti hootde. Waɗi sahaa gooto to Aeroport Lagos, passport makko nanngaa, janngo mum, polis ƴetti mo e galle makko Ota. Polis tuumi Obasanjo ina jokkondiri e kuudetaa mo Abacha waɗi, mo kolonel Lawan Gwadabe yuɓɓini. Obasanjo nawtaama hakkunde nokkuuji deentorɗi ceertuɗi, tawi gonnooɗo hooreejo leydi Amerik hono Carter e hoore mum jokkondirii e Abacha ngam ɗaɓɓude yo Obasanjo woppe. Ndeen Obasanjo artiraama to Ota, o waɗtaa e kasoo fotde lebbi ɗiɗi, e nder ɗuum o haɗaama heɓde jaayɗe, telefoŋ, walla njilluuji. Goɗɗo e tuumaaɗo wonde ina jeyaa e kuudetaa oo, hono Kolonel RSB Bello-Fadile, awokaa konu, ina wondi e caɗeele, e nder ɗuum o siifondiri e bayyinaango wonde o yahiino to Ota ngam humpitaade Obasanjo ko fayti e kuudetaa oo no woniri e peewnugol. Ɗum huutoraama ngam seedeeji ngam ñaawde Obasanjo e suuɗde fenaande, ko ɗum huunde nde sariyaaji leydi Najeriya mbaɗi.Ndeen o nawaama to nokku naamne kisal leydi ndii to Ikoyi. Abacha wiyi yo Obasanjo ñaawe e yeeso ñaawirdu konu, ñaawirdu nduu waɗi ñalnde 19 suwee 1995. E nder ñaawoore ndee, Obasanjo yedditii wonde RSB Bello-Fadile meeɗaa hawrude e makko. RSB Bello-Fadile kadi hollitii wonde o siifondirii e bayyinaango ngo Obasanjo jogori waɗde e dow doole, kono ñaawirdu nduu saliima ndeeɗoo ruttaade. Ñalnde 14 sulyee, ñaawirde ndee ñaawi Obasanjo duuɓi 25 kasoo ; Yar'Adua e woɗɓe sappo e nayo kadi tuumaaɗo wonde e nder fedde nde, ñaawaama warngo.Obasanjo caggal ɗuum noddi ɗum "ñalngu mum ɓurngu mettude". Caggal nde hooreejo leydi Amerik biyeteeɗo Bill Clinton holliti wonde leydi mum ina jogori haɗde petroŋ leydi Naajeeriya so tawii ɗeen warngooji mbaɗii, Abacha wayli ñaawoore maɓɓe, o ustii ñaawoore Obasanjo haa duuɓi 15. Kasoo: 1995-1998 Obasanjo waɗi lebbi nay garooji ɗii ko e nokku biyeteeɗo Ikoyi Centre, ɗo o fuɗɗii nanngeede e nder kasoo gooto. Ndeen o nawaama to kasoo mawɗo Lagos, Kirikiri, ɗo o woni e opitaal kasoo ngam rafi hipertension e jabet. Sarɗiiji Kirikiri ina keewi, ina ŋakki, Obasanjo wiyi wonde « yiɗaa ɗum e gaño am ɓurɗo bonde ». Ko ɗoon RSB Bello-Fadile ñaagii Obasanjo yaafuya sabu mum ƴattaade ɗum, Obasanjo yaafni ɗum. Ndeen winndannde nde RSB Bello-Fadile winndi ngam humpitaade ngonka kaa, yaltinaama e kasoo, yaltinaa, wallitii hollirde wonde Obasanjo alaa ko o waɗi. Caggal jonte keewɗe, Obasanjo e woɗɓe tuumaaɓe waɗde fedde ndee, njaltinaama to kasoo Jos to diiwaan hakkundeejo, to diiwaan Plateau ɗo ɓe ngoni lebbi keewɗi. Obasanjo fuɗɗinoo hokkaama tan ko Biibal e Quraana ngam janngude, kono seeɗa-seeɗa o acci binndi ɓurɗi yaajde. Binndol kadi ina rokka mo, ina addana mo jokkondirde e yimɓe e juɓɓule ceertuɗe, haa jooni Stella ina jaɓa yillaade mo lewru kala laawol gootol. Mandelaa e Pape Jean Paul II fof noddii yo o woppe, tawi noon sosiyeteeji Inndo e Almaañ fof ina ndokki mo njeenaaje winndereeje.Forum ardorde Afrik yaltinii defte ɗiɗi ɓataakeeji e binndanɗe binndaaɗe ngam teddinde mo ; Forum oo e hoore mum dogiino ummoraade Accra to Ganaa ngam daɗde e tooñanngeeji laamu Abacha. E fuɗɗoode hitaande 1996, Obasanjo ummiima Jos, fayti e kasoo ɓurɗo woɗɗude to Yola, to diiwaan Adamawa. Ko ɗoon o jaɓaa remde gesa.[194] Obasanjo hollitii wonde e nder kasoo o ɓeydii luggiɗde e goonɗinal makko e Kerecee’en, o ɓadtii Alla,[194] o wonti Kerecee’en jibinaaɗo.[195] Gila ndeen, diine kerecee en ina joginoo darnde ɓurnde mawnude e nder yi’annde makko aduna. To Yola, o waajii 28 waaju yontere kala caggal nde jaagorɗe njilluuji ndartinaa e wakkati seeɗa. O winndi ɗeen waajuuji, o acci ɗi njaltina nde o yalti.[195] Obasanjo kadi etinooma moƴƴinde yoga e sukaaɓe kasoo, rewrude e yahrude yeeso maɓɓe nde o wonti neɗɗo dimo.[196] Obasanjo hulii wonde maa o tooke, haa teeŋti noon e nder haalaaji renndo wonde maayde Yar'adua ko tooke anniya.[197] Abacha sankii ɗoon e ɗoon e lewru suwee 1998, caggal ɗuum komanndaaji konu nguu toɗɗii Seneraal Major Abdulsalaami Abubakar lomto makko. Yontere caggal mum, Abubakar yamiri yo Obasanjo woppe, o neldi laana ndiwoowa ngam artirde mo to Ota.[197] E yiɗde wartirde leydi Naajeeriya e laamu siwil, Abubakar fusi lanndaaji e juɓɓule leydi ndi gonɗe heen ɗee, o anndini peeje ɗe ngaddanta hooreejo leydi siwil toɗɗaade e lewru mee 1999.[198] Kampaañ ngam suɓaade hooreejo leydi : 1998-1999 Jooni ko o neɗɗo dimo, Obasanjo yahiino Afrik worgo, Angalteer, e Amerik, ɗo o safraa.[199] Lanndaaji politik kesi ina mbaɗa e nder leydi Najeriya, gooto e ɓurɓe mawnude e majji ko lannda Demokaraasi Leƴƴi (PDP), fedde nde yiɗnoo ko yaajde no feewi, so tawii ko e laamu, nde haɗata kuudetaaji garooji.[199] Terɗe PDP mawɗe ndartinii Obasanjo ngam wonde kanndidaa hooreejo leydi. Ɓe cikkatnoo ko omo waawi yamirde teddungal winnderewal, kadi ko o neɗɗo militeer, omo waawi jogaade leydi ndii e dow kuudetaaji garooji e dille seertuɗe. Ɓe mbi'i kadi Naajeeriya ɗon mari haaje hooreejo lesdi fombina ngam foondugo ardungal maako arandewal haa woyla, nden Obasanjo holli hoore maako bana fombina mo walaa ƴamol dow fombina.[200] Sehilaaɓe e ɓesngu ina mbiya yo o dog, mbiyi o bonnat innde makko moƴƴere walla o wara. Obasanjo hollitii wonde o saliima, kono ñalnde 28 lewru nduu o naati e lannda PDP, yontere caggal ɗuum o hollitii wonde o woni ko e waɗde hoore makko ngam wonde kanndidaa hooreejo lannda ka.[201] E nder kampaañ makko, o teeŋtinii yiɗde makko artirde ko o sikki ko ndonu laamu moƴƴu nde o yalti e laamu e hitaande 1979.[202] E nder dingiral mooftugol kaalis, o dañii N356 miliyoŋ, heen N120 miliyoŋ ko njulaagu Aliko Dangote rokki ɗum. Ko ɓuri heewde e ɗeen dokke ummorii ko e worɓe militeer en e njuɓɓudi njulaagu kesiri.[202] O yilliima leydi ndii, o waɗii konnguɗi e ɗaɓɓude heɗtiiɓe e yimɓe teeŋtuɓe ; ƴamde guwerneeruuji dowlaaji ko huunde maantiniinde e mbaadi makko.[203] Kampaañ makko ina ɓuuɓna kampaañ makko mawɗo, hono Alex Ekwueme, mo yimɓe worgo e konu nguu ngoongɗinaani no feewi.[204] PDP ina heɓa leydi e nder leydi Najeriya, ina hollita wonde ko kañum woni lannda ɓurka waawde e nder wooteeji laamu nokkuuji ɗii e lewru Duujal 1998, e wooteeji diiwaanuuji ɗii e lewru Yarkomaa 1999, e wooteeji Senaa e suudu sarɗiiji e lewru Feebariyee 1999.[205] Ñalnde 14 feebariyee 1999, batu PDP noddaa ngam suɓaade kanndidaa mum to hooreejo leydi. Obasanjo heɓi 1 658 woote, Ekwueme heɓi 521, e kanndidaaji joy keddiiɗi ɗii 260.[206] E ɗaɓɓude neɗɗo worgo ngam wonde cukko hooreejo leydi PDP, Obasanjo suɓii Atiku Abubakar.[207] Woote hooreleydaagu mbaɗi ko ñalnde 27 feebariyee ; Ko Olu Falae mo APP tan woni luutndiiɗo Obasanjo. Fotde feccere e fotɓe suɓaade ɓee mbaɗii noon, won heen ko fenaande hay so tawii alaa ko bonnata. Taƴre laawɗunde ndee rokkii Obasanjo 63% e wooteeji ɗii ; ko kanko woni majjuɗo e nder dowlaaji jeegom ɗii fof e nder leydi makko Yoruba.[208] Hooreejo leydi (1999-2007) Manndaa gadano (1999-2003) Siile hooreejo leydi Naajeeriya Caggal nde o riiwti ɗum, Obasanjo naati e nder galle hooreejo leydi to Aso Rock e lewru mee 1999 caggal nde o hunni hooreejo leydi to Eagle Square to Abuja.[209] Nde o toɗɗii laamu maako kesu, o suɓi ministaajo ɗuuɗɗum diga woylaare lesdi Naajeeriya, koo ngam ko ɓuri ɗuuɗugo nder maɓɓe woni Kirista'en, ɗum mettini woɓɓe juulɓe woylaare lesdi Naajeeriya. Ɓeen ñiŋooɓe ina keewi sifaade wonde kabine Obasanjo ina ɓooyi no feewi, ina ŋakkiraa humpito, haa teeŋti noon so tawii ko e geɗe faggudu.[210] E nder laamu makko gadano, toɓɓe ndimaagu ɗe Naajeeriya’en keɓata ɓeydii; ndimaagu jaayndeeji ina addana hooreejo leydi ndi ñiŋde no feewi.[211] E nder lebbi gadani laamu makko, Obasanjo woppii fotde 200 ofisee militeer, tawi heen 93 fof ina njogii jappeere politik, ɗum noon ko kuudetaa mo ofiseeji keewɗi humpito mbaɗata ina famɗi.[209] O ummini kadi ministeer defansiyoŋ gila Lagos haa Abuja, ngam tabitinki ɗum waddaama les njiimaandi laamu ɓurndi laaɓtude.[209] Manndaa ɗiɗaɓo (2003-2007) Obasanjo suɓaama kadi e woote 2003 ɗe njuumtaani, tawi ina waɗi caɗeele leƴƴi e diineeji. Gaño makko mawɗo, gonnooɗo laamɗo konu Seneraal Muhammadu Buhari, ko juulɗo, o heɓi ballal makko ko ɓuri heewde ko e fuɗnaange. Obasanjo heɓi 61,8% e woote ɗe, o fooli Buhari ko ɓuri miliyoŋaaji 11 woote.[212] E lewru noowammbar 2003, Obasanjo ñiŋaama sabu kuulal mum rokkude asilo hooreejo leydi Liberiya, hono Charles Taylor.[213] Ñalnde 12 lewru juko hitaande 2006, o siifondiri nanondiral Greentree e hooreejo leydi Kameruun Paul Biya nanondiral ngal joofniri luural keeri hakkunde duunde Bakassi.[214] Hay so tawii Senaa leydi Najeriya ƴettii kuulal ngam wiyde wonde ittugol konu leydi Najeriya e nder duunde Bakassi ko huunde nde fotaani, Obasanjo rokki yamiroore nde jokkata no haanirta nii.[215] E manndaa makko ɗiɗaɓo, Obasanjo jokki e daranaade yaajnude doole polis leydi ndii, haa arti noon e 325 000 polis e hitaande 2007.[216] Fitinaaji laddeeji jokkuɗi hakkunde juulɓe e kerecee en e nder diiwaan Plateau addani Obasanjo bayyinde toon laamu nguu e lewru mee 2004, o dartini laamu diiwaan oo, o darni laamu konu lebbi jeegom.[217] Ñalnde 22 lewru nduu hitaande 2005, guwerneer diiwaan Abia e oon sahaa, hono Orji Uzor Kalu, rokki EFCC ɗaɓɓaande ngam tuumaade wonde Obasanjo waɗii golle bonɗe.[218] Ajenda manndaa tataɓo Obasanjo ina wondi e luural ko fayti e « Agenda mum tataɓo » , woni peeje ngam waylude doosgal leydi ndii mbele omo waawa jogaade manndaa tataɓo, duuɓi nay, e gardagol leydi ndii. Ɗum waɗii ƴamol nder jaayndeeji siyaasaaku nder Naajeeriya, nden boo kuugal ngal jaɓaaka nder Asamblee lesdi.[219][220] Ko ɗum waɗi Obasanjo woppi laamu caggal wooteeji gardagol leydi e lewru abriil 2007.[221] E nder yeewtere hesere nde o waɗdunoo e teleeji Channels, Obasanjo saliima jeyeede e ko wiyetee « Ajenda tataɓo ». O wi'i ɗum Asamblee lesdi Naajeeriya ɗon mari limngal limngal limngal limngal lesdi Naajeeriya. Obasanjo wiyi : "mi meeɗaa fiyde miijo manndaa tataɓo."[222] Ajenda manndaa tataɓo Obasanjo ina wondi e luural ko fayti e « Agenda mum tataɓo » , woni peeje ngam waylude doosgal leydi ndii mbele omo waawa jogaade manndaa tataɓo, duuɓi nay, e gardagol leydi ndii. Ɗum waɗii ƴamol nder jaayndeeji siyaasaaku nder Naajeeriya, nden boo kuugal ngal jaɓaaka nder Asamblee lesdi.[219][220] Ko ɗum waɗi Obasanjo woppi laamu caggal wooteeji gardagol leydi e lewru abriil 2007.[221] E nder yeewtere hesere nde o waɗdunoo e teleeji Channels, Obasanjo saliima jeyeede e ko wiyetee « Ajenda tataɓo ». O wi'i ɗum Asamblee lesdi Naajeeriya ɗon mari limngal limngal limngal limngal lesdi Naajeeriya. Obasanjo wiyi : "mi meeɗaa fiyde miijo manndaa tataɓo."[222] Obasanjo ñaawaama e juuɗe mawɓe politik e nder sagata Agenda manndaa tataɓo. Senator Ken Nnamani, hooreejo suudu joonde diidaaɗi lesdi Naajeeriya, wi'i Obasanjo anndini mo dow ajendaaji ɗin ɓaawo o laati hooreejo suudu joonde diidaaɗi lesdi Naajeeriya. O wiyi : "Ɗoon e ɗoon, ngon-mi hooreejo senaa, o haalani mi anniya makko, o haalani mi no o yiɗiri heɓde ɗum. Miin e fuɗɗoode mi ƴettataa mo no feewi haa kewuuji ɗii puɗɗii feeñde." O hollitii kadi wonde Miliyaaruuji jeetati (8) Naira njaltinaama ngam wallitde depiteeji ɗii ngam wallitde ajendaaji ɗii, o naamndii : « hol no neɗɗo waawirta haalde nii tawa o anndaa ɗum, tee kaalis, e kaalis leydi ndii e kaalis leydi ndii fof, ina wayla juuɗe ». Femi Gbajabiamila tabbitini haala Nnamani ammaa o waɗi limngal man feere-feere, o wi'i: "Kaalis man hawti bee miliyaaruuji N10. Hol no N10bn wurtinirtee nder ceede lesdi ngam eɓɓoore nde a woni hooreejo jooɗiiɗo, ammaa nden eɓɓoore laataaki miijo ma? Toy ceede man iwdi?" E nder haalaaji garooji ɗii, Nnamani wiyi wonde hooreejo leydi Amerik hono George W. Bush jeertinii Obasanjo nde woppataa peeje mum ngam tawtoreede woote gardagol leydi e manndaa tataɓo. O wiyi : "so aɗa yiɗi hoolkisaade wonde gorko oo ina haala fenaande tan, ƴettu deftere nde Condoleezza Rice, gonnooɗo jaagorgal leydi Amerik winndi. Ko goonga ko deftere nde Rice winndi. E hello 628 walla hello 638, o yeewtidii e Obasanjo, no o yiɗiri hawrude e hooreejo leydi Ameriknaajo oo, no o yiyri hooreejo leydi Ameriknaajo oo ina waawi waylude doosgal leydi ndii mbele omo waawa yahde e manndaa tataɓo, Bush wiyi mo yo o woppu ɗum, o yalta haa ñalnde 29 mee 2007."[223] Politik faggudu, renndo e caggal leydi Politik faggudu Obasanjo e wondude e laamɗo leydi Iran e hitaande 1999 E ngalu petrol, Obasanjo sosi Komitiiru Ƴellitaare Delta Niger, o huutorii Porogaraam Jaŋde leslesre winndereyankoore ngam ɓeydude jaŋde leslesre Naajeeriya. O sosi Komiseer keeriiɗo toppitiiɗo golle bonɗe e Komiseer toppitiiɗo bonanndeeji faggudu e kaalis. Wuurtinii Sosiyetee ngenndiijo njulaagu to Kaduna e (Onne) Port Harcourt. Obasanjo ɓeydi geɗal njoɓdi petroŋ e renndo to dowla iwdi mum gila e 3 haa 13 e nder teemedere.[224] Ko adii laamu Obasanjo, ɓeydagol PIB leydi Nijeer ina muusi no feewi gila 1987, tee ina jokki tan e 3% hakkunde 1999 e 2000. Kono, e laamu Obasanjo, ɓeydagol ngol ɓeydiima fotde laabi ɗiɗi haa 6% haa o woppi laamu, tawi noon ina walliti ɗum e feccere e ɓeydagol coggu petroŋ. Resooji leydi Naajeeriya ko ɓuri miliyaaruuji ɗiɗi dolaar e hitaande 1999 haa miliyaaruuji 43 dolaar nde ɓe njalti laamu e hitaande 2007.[225] O dañii yaafuya ñamaale e fedde Pari e Londres fotde 18 miliyaar dolaar, o yoɓi kadi 18 miliyaar dolaar goɗɗo ngam woppude ñamaale. Ko vuri heewde e ziin njovdiiji mooftaama e njovdi njulaagu juutndi e nder yontere nde. (Toɓɓere feewnitagol). Ko ɓuri heewde e ɗeen ñamaale mooftaama wonaa e fenaande kono ko e yontaaji 1982–85 nde Naajeeriya huutorii laamu toppitiingu mbayliigu nguu, ngu rokki denndaangal njulaagu nguu e banke mawɗo leydi Nijeer. Nde Obasanjo heɓi laamu, faggudu leydi Najeriya wonnoo ko e caɗeele. Inflation ina yahra e 30% e hitaande e nder kitaale 1990 fof, e hitaande 2001 fotde 20% e mawɓe leydi Najeriya ina ngala golle.[226] Baasal ina yaaji, laamu Obasanjo ina yiɗi ustude ɗum e yoɓde N3,500 lewru kala fotde 200,000 neɗɗo ngam waɗde golle gaadoraaɗe ko wayi no ɓuuɓnude e moƴƴinde laabi.[226] Ndeen eɓɓoore lomtinaama e Porogaraam ngenndiijo ngam haɓaade baasal, jowitiingal e ƴellitde golle sukaaɓe, e njuɓɓudi teeru, e reende.[226] E hitaande 2000, laamu Obasanjo ɓeydi njoɓdi ɓurndi famɗude ndi sariya yamiri ndii laabi ɗiɗi.[227] O noddi Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe (FMI) ngam ƴeewtaade faggudu leydi Najeriya e rokkude wasiyaaji no moƴƴiri ɗum;[228] ɓe njeertinii wonde laamu nguu ina heewi ñamlude.[227] E hitaande 2001, Obasanjo hollitii hoore mum "ko o goongɗinɗo njuɓɓudi luumo", o hollitii wonde o yiyii bonneede ko "njuɓɓudi bonndi e nder sekteer laamu" addani mo.[229] Kono, nde o holliti darnde makko e nanondiral Washington ngam luumooji rimɗi, e privatisation, e ŋakkeende ngalu laamu, ngalu laamu nguu e feccere PIB ɓeydiima gila e 29% e hitaande 1997 haa 50% e hitaande 2001.[229] E lewru Yarkomaa hitaande 2000, Naajeeriya heɓi nyamande miliyaaruuji 1 dolaar Amerik, ko ɗum addani laamu nguu naatde e kaaldigal ngam waylude ñamaale mum e ñamaale mum.[228] Laamu Obasanjo naftoriima coggu petroŋ toowngu e nder winndere ndee e manndaa mum gadano. Nde anniyii kadi ɓeydude petroŋ leydi Naajeeriya e ɓeydude keewal gaasuuji ɓuuɓɗi, ɗi puɗɗii yaltineede e leydi ndii e hitaande 1999.[230] Obasanjo fellitii momtude ballal petroŋ, ɓeyda coggu nguu haa yettoo tolno njulaagu. Kongres gollooɓe leydi Naajeeriya noddi seppo mawngo ngam seppude ngam salaade lewru Juko hitaande 2000 e Obasanjo sakkitii, o ustii ballal ngal, wonaa ittude ngal. Ngolɗoo ngonka addani Obasanjo hollirde wonde ko "gaño miskineeɓe" e miijo renndo.[231] Ngam ɓeydude ustude njoɓdi, Obasanjo wayliima e privatisation, o sosi Diiso ngenndiijo ko faati e privatisation e lewru sulyee 1999. Nde o heɓi laamu, laamu fedde nde ina joginoo 588 sosiyetee laamu, tawi ko ina tolnoo e 55% e ñamaale caggal leydi, Obasanjo ina yaakorii wonde ko heewi e ɗeen, hay so tawii noon ɗe mbaawaa wonde in2. Privatization yiɗaama e yimɓe leydi Najeriya, ko 35% tan ɓe keɓi ballal e wiyde wiɗto miijo hitaande 2000.[233] Obasanjo kadi ina yiɗi kaaldigal ngam ustude ñamaale.[234] O hollitii wonde ñamaale leydi Naajeeriya ina keewi no feewi, ina mbonna faggudu mum e demokaraasi mum. Hay so tawii Kanadaa, Itali e Amerik ndartinii ñamaale leydi Nijeer, ɗeen ñamaale ina pamɗi, ñamaale mawɗe leydi ndii, ɓurɗe mawnude heen ko Angalteer, njaɓaani.[235] Obasanjo ɗon tuuma caɗeele faggudu lesdi Naajeeriya ɗuuɗɗe dow fenaande;[236] nder hitaande 2000, fedde Transparency International limti ɗum lesdi ɓurdundi fenaande nder duniyaaru.[229] Balɗe seeɗa caggal nde o heɓi laamu o hollitii kuulal ngam haɓaade fenaande to Asaambele ngenndi, hay so tawii noon ɗum jibinii luulndaare mawnde e juuɗe ñaawooɓe cikkatnooɓe ko ɗum rokki laamu nguu doole ɓurɗe heewde. Nanondiral waɗii ngam ustude eɓɓooje Obasanjo, addani mo siynude sariya keso oo e lewru suwee 2000.[236] Alaa ko holliti wonde njulaagu ustiima e nder leydi Najeriya e nder manndaa Obasanjo gadano, laamu makko waɗaani hay huunde ngam ƴeewtaade njulaagu nguu e nder leydi Najeriya, ngu yaaji e nder laamuuji diiwaan e laamuuji nokkuuji.[229] Obasanjo ina wondi e hooreejo leydi Riisi Valadimir Putin to Kremlin e hitaande 2001 Cellal renndo kadi ko huunde tiiɗnde e nder leydi Nijeer. E nder kitaale 1990, Naajeeriya ina yoɓnoo fotde 0,2% e PIB mum ngam wallitde cellal renndo, ko ɗum woni ko ɓuri famɗude e winndere ndee. Laamu Obasanjo ɓeydi ɗum haa ko ɓuri 0,4%.[237] Caɗeele cellal ɓurɗe yaawde toɗɗaade leydi Najeriya ko ñawu VIH/SIDA, Obasanjo yamiri ɗoon e ɗoon ciimtol ngonka e dow toɓɓere ndee caggal nde o heɓi laamu.[237] Ndeen o sosi Goomu Hooreejo leydi ngam haɓaade SIDA, ngu o ardii, o sosi Goomu Pewnugol Golle Ngenndiije ngam yuɓɓinde kampaañ 2000–03, jowitiingo e bayyinaango, heblo, wasiyaaji, e jarribooji ngam haɓaade mboros o. Ngam yahduki yeeso ngam njamu jama'aare, o fuɗɗi kampaniire kesum ngam hurgugo ceede laamu lesdi Naajeeriya ngam etaade nyiɓugo suudu nyawndiigu nder kala nokkure 774 laamu lesdi Naajeeriya Politik caggal leydi Obasanjo e Donald Rumsfeld to Pentagon e hitaande 2001 Ina jeyaa e golle Obasanjo mawɗe, ɗe o heɓi heen, moƴƴitinde innde leydi Nijeer e nder winndere ndee, nde o bonni e laamu Abacha. O waɗii ko ina ɓura feccere e manndaa makko gadano caggal leydi, o yilliima leyɗeele 92 haa e lewru oktoobar 2002. E lewru oktoobar 1999, Obasanjo sosi Goomu (Commission Bi-National) hakkunde Afrik worgo e Niiseer ngam yeewtidde e gollondiral hakkunde leyɗeele ɗiɗi ɗee, ɓurɗe mawnude e Afrik worgo Saharaa. Obasanjo jokki jokkindiral Naajeeriya bee U.S., o waddi walliinde U.S. ngam wallugo janngirde sooje'en Naajeeriya. O jokkondirii no feewi e hooreejo leydi Amerik biyeteeɗo Bill Clinton, o jokkondiri kadi e lomto Clinton, hono George W. Bush ; Bush yilliima Abuja e hitaande 2003, Obasanjo yilliima Wasinton e hitaande 2006.[240] E jokkude jokkondiral ɓurngal welde e U.K. ko ɓuri ko o joginoo e kitaale 1970, o tawtoraama batu makko gadano Commonwealth e lewru Noowammbar 1999, o jaɓɓi ɗum e lewru Duujal 2003, ɗo o heɓi njeenaari teddungal e juuɗe laamɗo debbo Biritaan biyeteeɗo Elizabeth II.[240] Nde Obasanjo heɓi laamu, o huninooma ittude konu leydi Najeriya e leydi Siyeraa Leyoon. E lewru ut 1999, o hollitii limre ngam ɓe ngurtina, hay so tawii noon ɗum dartinaama nde konu jam ONU moofti, ngu Nijeer rokki ɗum 4000 soldaat. Ndee doole yalti ko e hitaande 2005.[241] E nder jiiɓru to leydi Liberia, Obasanjo yamiri konu leydi Nijeer yo naata leydi ndii e lewru ut 2003 ; ɓe njalti e komanndaaji ONU lebbi ɗiɗi caggal ɗuum.[240] Obasanjo hokki Charles Taylor, hooreejo lesdi Liberiya, mo laamu mum woppi, o hokka mo haa lesdi Naajeeriya, koo ngam ɓaawo man o warti mo haa lesdi Liberiya ngam o ɗon ƴama mo ngam warhoore konu dow ƴamol hooreejo lesdi Liberiya keso, Ellen Johnson Sirleaf.[242] E yiɗde haɗude Naajeeriya yaltude e hareeji nder leydi ɗi yimɓe njiɗaa, o salii ɗaɓɓaande konu Naajeeriya ngam tawtoreede naatgol ECOMOG e nder wolde hakkunde leyɗeele Gine-Bisaawo e golle jam 2002 to Kodduwaar. E ɗaɓɓaande Angalteer, o walli e nanondiral hakkunde laamu Zimbaabwee mo Robert Mugabe, ngam hirjinde laamu nguu e ƴettude gese ɗe ɓaleeɓe jeyi e dow fenaande. O wondi e hooreejo leydi Afrik worgo hono Thabo Mbeki e gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi Ostarali John Howard, o jeyaa ko e fedde nde Commonwealth halfinaa ngam haɓaade Zimbaabwee.[243] Obasanjo e Mbeki njilliima Zimbaabwee laabi tati ngam golloraade dipolomasi deeƴɗo, kono ɓe keɓaani heen nafoore, ɓe mbiya Mugabe yo woppu laamu walla sosde laamu renndinde laamu e luulndiiɓe Mouvement pour le changement démocratique.[239] Haɓde e jiiɓru leƴƴi e diineeji Bush ina yeewtida e Obasanjo e nder batu G8 to Farayse, lewru suwee 2003 Caggal nde Obasanjo suɓaa, nokku ɗo sariyaaji lislaam ngoni ɗoo, wonti jeewte mawɗe e nder politik leydi Najeriya. Gila leydi ndii heɓi jeytaare mum, sharia ina jokki e ñaawde siwil hakkunde juulɓe wonɓe e dowlaaji worgo ɗii ; ñaawooɓe bonanndeeji ɗii laawɗinaaka e sariyaaji sharia, huunde nde mettini won e juulɓe.[244] E lewru suwee 1999, guwerneer diiwaan Zamfara, hono Ahmed Sani, hollitii naatgol timmungol shari’a e nder oon diiwaan, hay so tawii noon o hollitii wonde ɗum jogori huutoreede tan ko e hoɗɓe e juulɓe, wonaa e yimɓe ɓe ngonaa lislaam en. Ɗuum waɗi kulhuli nder yimɓe Kirista'en pamari nder woyla lesdi Naajeeriya, bee seppooji e seppooji feere-feere ɗon ngadda fitinaaji, haa fahin haa Kaduna.[244] Across Nigeria, Christian opinion was very hostile to the introduction of sharia as the basis of state penal systems.[245] Suudu Asaambele ngenndi ndii fof ina ɗaɓɓi e Obasanjo nde nawtata haala kaa to Ñaawirde Toownde.[245] O yiɗiino woppude ɗum, o yiɗaa darnde shari’a wonta huunde doosgal.[246] E nder renndo o yiɗiino seerndude ko o inniri "sharia goonga" e "sharia politik", o yetti arano oo, o wiyi wonde ɗiɗaɓo oo ko fad mo fizzle out.[245] Nde o salii naatde heen, Obasanjo heɓi ñiŋooje sabu ŋakkeende cuusal e juuɗe yimɓe heewɓe to bannge worgo, juulɓe tiiɗɓe to bannge worgo ina ƴattoo mo.[246] E nder ɗaɓɓaande yimɓe heewɓe ummoraade e renndooji juulɓe, dowlaaji nay goɗɗi to bannge worgo ƴettii sariya kuuɓtodinɗo sharia e hitaande 2000 e jeeɗiɗi goɗɗi e hitaande 2001. Obasanjo caggal ɗuum hollitii wonde haala kaa ko caɗeele ɓurɗe mawnude ɗe o meeɗi dañde e wonde hooreejo leydi.[246] Nde Obasanjo heɓi laamu, o hulɓinii no feewi nde tawnoo leydi Najeriya ina wondi e caɗeele e fitinaaji keewɗi, tawi ko ujunnaaje ujunnaaje maayɓe. Ndee ɗoo bonannde ina ɓeydoo saɗtude sabu ɓeydagol yimɓe ina ɓeydoo yaawde, ɗum addani ɗum ɓeydagol nguleeki weeyo e pottital ngam heɓde leydi ŋakkundi e nder gure teeru.[216] Ngam haɓaade ɗum, Obasanjo ɓeydii polis leydi ndii fotde laabi ɗiɗi, gila e 120 000 haa 240 000 hakkunde 1999 e 2003.[216] Ko seeɗa waɗaa ngam haɓaade bonanndeeji polis, tawi noon torlaaji tuumaaɗo ina keddii e yaajde e laamu Obasanjo.[211] Kadi ko ɓeydi fitinaaji ɗii ko jokkere enɗam hakkunde leƴƴi, e pelle leƴƴi e diiwanuuji ceertuɗi ina ɗaɓɓi ndimaagu ɓurngu mawnude, ɗum addani yeewtooɓe heewɓe teskaade ƴaañgol leydi Naajeeriya. Wonande Obasanjo, jogaade leydi ngootiri wonti huunde mawnde.[247] Ko e sahaaji cuɓaaɗi tan o ruttotoo e konu ngam ustude jiiɓru, o ɓuri yiɗde ko waasde mooftude konu so wonaa tawa guwerneeruuji dowlaaji ɗii ina ɗaɓɓi ɗum.[248] E nder konngol makko, "en poti huutoraade doole konu tan so tawii ko heddii koo fof ronkii. Ko cfuum woni miijo am e filosof am."[249] O yi'i nafoore mawnde e yaafuya, e yaafuya, e nanondiral ngam he6de nanondiral, wonaa e 6amtaare ñaawoore warngooji bacfcfi.[250] E laamu Obasanjo, darnde fitinaaji e jiiɓru nder leydi Naajeeriya ustii.[249] Olusẹgun Obasanjo e hooreejo leydi Beresiil Lula da Silva 2005 Ko ɓuri heewde e miijooji ceertuɗi ko e diiwaan Delta Niiseer, ɗo pelle koɗdiiɗe ɗee njiɗnoo jogaade ko ɓuri heewde e ngalu keɓaaɗo e nokkuuji petroŋ keewɗi ngalu. E lewru sulyee 1999, Obasanjo neldi Asaambele ngenndi kuulal ngam sosde Komiseer ƴellitaare Delta Niiseer ngam siynude e huutoraade peeje ngam haɓaade diiwaan oo, huunde nde o sikki ina waawi ustude fitinaaji toon. E nder jeewte keewɗe, komisiyoŋ oo fuɗɗii ko e lewru Duujal 2000.[251] E lewru noowammbar 1999, o neldi kadi bataliyoŋaaji ɗiɗi konu e nder diiwaan Delta Niiseer ngam nanngude sukaaɓe Asawana, fedde Ijaw en nannguɓe e warde poliseeɓe to Odi, to diiwaan Bayelsa. Militeer en mbonni ko ɓuri heewde e wuro ngoo ; laamu ngu wi'i 43 mbaraama, ammaa ONG nokkuure nde'e waɗi limngal maayɓe siwil'en 2,483.[252] Obasanjo siftinii halkaare ndee wonde « ina waawi rewde » e « ina metti » , o yilliima Odi e lewru marse 2001 ; o salii ñaawde konu nguu, o ñaagii yaafuya ngam halkaare nde, o yoɓi njoɓdi walla o mahdi wuro ngoo, hay so tawii noon Komiseer ƴellitaare Delta Niiseer waɗii ɗum.[249] E hitaande 2000, Obasanjo haɗi fedde Oodua Peoples Congress (OPC), fedde ngenndiyankoore Yoruba en, nde wonnoo ko e fitinaaji e leƴƴi goɗɗi, o yamiri yo ardiiɓe mayre nannge.[253] E lewru suwee 2001, fitinaaji hakkunde Kerecee’en ɓiɓɓe leydi ndii e njulaagu juulɓe to bannge worgo e nder diiwaan Plateau, waɗii fotde 500 maayɗo hade konu nguu naatde heen, heɓtude laamu. Ndeen Obasanjo yilliima, wiyi yo ɓe nanondiral. E lewru Oktoobar 2001, seppooɓe juulɓe to Kano mbari fotde 200 Igbo ngam jaabaade ballal Nijeer e bommbooji Amerik mbaɗi e Afganistaan. Ndeen Obasanjo yilliima ngam ɗaɓɓude nanondiral kono hoɗɓe ɓee boomi ɗum.[246] E lewru oktoobar kadi, soldateeɓe neldaama ngam deeƴnude jiiɓru hakkunde renndooji Jukun e Tiv en e keeri hakkunde diiwanuuji Benue e Taraba ; ndeen militeer en Tiv nanngi ɓe mbari ɓe to Zaki-Biam. Obasanjo yamiri konu nguu yo naata, ɓe ndartini, ɓe mbari fotde 250 haa 300 gorko nokku oo. Obasanjo yilliima nokku oo e hitaande 2002, o ñaagii yaafuya sabu huutoraade doole no feewi.[249] n lewru Yarkomaa 2002, Obasanjo yamiri polis mobbooji ɗii yo ndartin Bakassi Boys, fedde vigilante gollotoonde ko ɓuri heewde e nder diiwanuuji Abia e Anambra, nde waɗi ko ina tolnoo e ujunnaaje ɗiɗi warngooji. O sikkiino waɗde ɗum ko adii ɗuum sabu ballal yimɓe ɓe fedde nde heɓi e haɓde e fedde bonnde, kono o nanii o waawii yahrude yeeso e maɓɓe caggal nde yimɓe maɓɓe ustii.[254] E oon lewru kadi, nokku ɗo balɗe 100 000 ngoni ɗoo, to kaɓirɗe Ijeka, saraaji Lagos, yani, ina waawi addande ɗum en fotde ujunnaaje ujunnaaje neɗɗo maayɗo. Obasanjo yilliima ɗoon e ɗoon.[249] Fitinaaji bonɗi kadi ina njokki e nder wuro Lagos, e lewru feebariyee 2002, konu neldaa e nder wuro ngo ngam artirde deeƴre. E lewru abriil 2002, Obasanjo hollitii sariya baawɗo haɗude leƴƴi so tawii ina cikka ina mbaawi wallitde fitinaaji, kono njuɓɓudi laamu leydi ndii salii ɗum, sibu ko ɗum huunde ɓurnde toowde e laamu hooreejo leydi.[253] Won e ardiiɓe laamu hono hooreejo suudu sarɗiiji e hooreejo suudu sarɗiiji ina ngondi e caɗeele e hooreejo leydi ndii, o haɓaama e jarribooji keewɗi ngam ustude laamu e nder suuduuji ɗiɗi ɗii kala.[255] Obasanjo dañii daɗde e laamu, o toɗɗaa. Caggal hooreejo leydi (2007–hannde) Politik Obasanjo e Robeer Mugaabe e hitaande 2013 O wonti hooreejo fedde PDP, omo joginoo doole e nominaasiyoŋaaji ngam heɓde jappeere laamu haa e politik e peeje. No gooto e dipolomaat en Hirnaange wiyri nii, "O anniyaaki jooɗaade e jooɗorde passenger rokka wasiyaaji e hesɗitinde nanngude taayaare so tawii Naajeeriya yaltii e laawol."[256] O woppi golle hooreejo fedde PDP e lewru abriil 2012.[257] Caggal ɗuum, o yalti e golle politik e PDP. E lewru marse 2008, Obasanjo "ina sikkaa" ko goomu parlemaa Nijeer ñaawii ɗum sabu rokkude ɗum kaayitaaji semmbe fotde miliyaaruuji 2,2 dolaar e nder laamu mum duuɓi jeetati, tawi alaa ko o waɗi so wonaa laawol. Ciimtol ngol ɗoo wiɗto meeɗaa jaɓeede e nder parlemaa leydi Najeriya fof sabu manipulaasiyoŋ e golle ɗee fof e ardorde goomu wiɗto laamu nguu. Wonaa e winndannde laawɗunde wootere, mawɗo Obasanjo ñaawaama.[258] E lewru mee 2014, Obasanjo winndi hooreejo leydi Goodluck Jonathan ngam ɗaɓɓude yo o waɗtu hakkille e innde laamu leydi Najeriya ngam yoɓde sukaaɓe rewɓe Chibok ɓe fedde Boko Haram joginoo.[259] Ñalnde 16 feebariyee 2015, o woppi lannda laamu nguu, o yamiri hooreejo diiwaan PDP yo ƴettu kaayitaaji makko e nder yeewtere jaaynde.[260] O anndiraa caggal mum ko navigateur lannda luulndo keso sosaa, hono APC.[261] Ñalnde 24 lewru Yarkomaa hitaande 2018, o winndi hooreejo leydi ndi, hono Muhammadu Buhari, o hollitii nokkuuji ɗi o ŋakkiraa, o wasiyii mo nde o woppataa laamu e hitaande 2019.[262] Haa hannde denndaangal ɓataakeeji makko feewde e hooreeɓe leydi ndii ina adii njillu maɓɓe.[263] Ñalnde 31 lewru Yarkoma hitaande 2018, o fuɗɗi diɗɗal siyaasaaku bi'eteengal "Kawtal ngam Diɗɗal Naajeeriya" (CNM) haa Abuja.[264] Ñalnde 10 lewru mbooy hitaande 2018, dillere ndee ƴetti lannda politik, hono Kongres Demokaratik Afrik (ADC).[265] Ñalnde 20 noowammbar 2018, Obasanjo hollitii e dow laabi gartugol mum[266] e lannda luulndo mawngo, hono lannda Demokaraasi Leƴƴi (PDP) e nder udditgol deftere wiyeteende My Transition Hours, nde gonnooɗo hooreejo leydi ndii, hono Goodluck Jonathan winndi. Ñalnde 22 lewru bowte hitaande 2022, Obasanjo hollitii wonde o woppii politik partiiji, caggal nde o jaɓɓi depiteeji ngenndiiji lannda Demokaraasi Leƴƴi [PDP] to hoɗorde makko to Ota, to diiwaan Ogun, to leydi Nijeer[267] Dipolomasi Obasanjo toɗɗaa ko nulaaɗo keeriiɗo to leydi Konngo, to leydi Konngo, ndi wolde yani e mum. O waɗi batuuji ceertuɗi e gardiiɗo leydi RDC Joseph Kabila e gardiiɗo luulndiiɓe laamu nguu hono Laurent Nkunda. E nder wooteeji Zimbaabwee e lewru sulyee 2013, Obasanjo ardii delegaasiyoŋ ƴeewooɓe wooteeji Dental Afrik.[268] E hitaande 2022, Obasanjo waɗii hakkunde kaaldigal jam hakkunde laamu Ecoppi e fedde wiyeteende Tigre e les njiimaandi Dental Afrik, haa arti noon e dartagol wolde Tigre ñalnde 2 noowammbar 2022.[269] E hitaande 2025, Obasanjo toɗɗaama yo won hakkundeejo e nder renndo Afrik fuɗnaange e renndo ƴellitaare Afrik worgo e nder leydi Konngo e nder kampaañ M23 (2022–hannde).[270] Jaŋde ɓeydaande E lewru desaambar 2017, Obasanjo ƴetti doktoraa mum. tesis e nder diine to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde leydi Najeriya. Miijo politik To bannge miijooji, Obasanjo ko ngenndiyanke Najeriya.[27] O ɗon mari haaje yidde lesdi Naajeeriya e nuɗɗinki dow Naajeeriya foti jogaago lesdi-leydi woore, naa ngam senndindirki dow laabi lenyol.[275] E hitaande 2001, o hollitii wonde faandaare makko juutnde ko "moƴƴinde kala sifaa ɓiyleydaagu so wonaa ɓiyleydaagu leydi Nijeer". O wi'i ɓustugo lesdi Naajeeriya dow laabi le'i, ɗum waddan laɓɓinki le'i e fitinaaji ɗi yi'aama wakkati hareeji Yugoslawi nder kitaale 1990.[275] Iliffe wi'i Obasanjo'en lesdi Naajeeriya ɗon mari bawɗe ngam o wurti diga yimɓe mawɓe Yoruba'en e wakkati maako nder konu, haa o huwi bee sooje'en diga lenyol feere-feere.[27] Demokaraasi ina waawi waasde jogaade ƴellitaare faggudu yaawnde walla ngalu kono ko ɗum, ko famɗi fof, mbaadi laamu ɓurndi moƴƴude haa jooni, ndi addanta ko ɓuri heewde e yimɓe tawtoreede no haanirta nii e nder peeje e geɗe jowitiiɗe e laamu mum en. Demokaraasi ko cuɓal ngal laamɓe ɓuri yiɗde... E nder ngonka leydi Naajeeriya, demokaraasi ko kañum tan woni koolaaɗo kuuɓal baawɗo hawrude e pelle leslese ceertuɗe e nder leñol jogiingol daɗndo ngootaagu, potal e darnde wootere e nder dumunna. — Olusegun Obasanjo ko faati e demokaraasi, hitaande 1990[276] Iliffe hollitii wonde teeŋtinde politik nanondiral ko "kuulal gonngal dow ngal" e nder nguurndam Obasanjo fof.[68] Nde o woni e laamu e kitaale 1970, Obasanjo hollitii ñiŋooje makko e "luulndaare juɓɓule" e laamu nguu.[109] E miijo makko, ɗum "ina luurdi no feewi e ko ɓuri heewde e pinal e golle politik Afrik."[161] E nder nokkuuji ɗo o luulndii laamu nguu, o miijii wonde lanndaaji luulndiiɗi ɗii ina poti waɗde heen geɗe moƴƴe,[161] e wonde politikaaji ɗii ina poti jokkude njiylawu nanondiral, wonaa waɗde luural ko juuti. O sikki wonde pottital politik ina jogii batte cemmbinɗe, ɗe nganndu-ɗaa ina teskaa e leydi ƴellitoori hono Nijeer, kadi deeƴre ina foti reeneede.[109] Obasanjo ɗon wolwa haa batu hitaande 2014, kawtal Banki Afriknaajo ngam ɓamtaare lesdi Kigali Nde o mettini e ko o yi’i ko ina wona ŋakkeende laamu demokaraasi wakilaagu e nder fuɗɗoode kitaale 1980, Obasanjo fuɗɗii hollirde ballal mum e dowla gooto e nder leydi Najeriya. O wiyi noon wonde ooɗoo dowla gooto ina foti wallitde yimɓe fof e nder laamu, teddinde jojjanɗe aadee, e reende ndimaagu haalde.[161] Caggal mum e kitaale 1980, o jeertinii eɓɓaande dowla lanndaaji ɗiɗi ɗi Babangida ƴettunoo, o miijii wonde so Babangida ina miijo lannda hakkunde-nano e hakkunde-nyaamo ina kaɓa hakkunde mum en, alaa e sago ɗum ƴellitoo haa wonta lannda gooto lomtotooɗo Kerecee’en fuɗnaange, lannda goɗɗo oo lomtotooɗo juulɓe fuɗnaange][16]. O wi'i haa nokkuure nden o wi'i walaa keerol dow limngal lanndaaji siyaasaaku ɗi mbaawata sosde, koo ngam o wi'i to ɗum waawataa waɗugo nden Naajeeriya laatoto lesdi lannda woore.[161] E nder njiimaandi Dental Sowiyet e fuɗɗoode kitaale 1990 e yah-ngartaa caggal ɗuum feewde e politik lanndaaji keewɗi e nder Afrik, Obasanjo kadi wonti balloowo lanndaaji keewɗi pujmygmbkw5k1h2d5xy0ldcfhzeldeg 175787 175786 2026-06-22T20:58:30Z Ilya Discuss 10103 #1Lib1Ref 175787 wikitext text/x-wiki Mawɗo Olusegun Matthew Okikiola Ogunboye Aremu Obasanjo GCFR (// C; Yoruba: Olúṣẹ́gun Ọbásanjọ́ [ōlúʃɛ́ɡũ̄ ɔ̄básã̄d͡ʒɔ́] R; jibinaa ko c. ndema, e gonnooɗo seneraal konu gonnooɗo hooreejo leydi Naajeeriya gila 1976 haa 1979, caggal ɗuum o woni hooreejo leydi ndii gila 1999 haa 2007. To bannge miijo, ko o ngenndiyanke Naajeeriya, o jeyaa ko e lannda Demokaraasi Leƴƴi (PDP) gila 1998 haa 2019. Obasanjo jibinaa ko e wuro Ibogun-Olaogun, e nder galle remoowo, jeyaaɗo e leñol Owu, Obasanjo janngi ko ɓuri heewde e wuro wiyeteengo Abeokuta, to diiwaan Ogun. O naati konu leydi Naajeeriya, o janngi ko faati e inndeeji, o golliima to Konngo, Angalteer, e Inndo, o arti e darnde Major. E darorɗe kitaale 1960, o waɗii darnde mawnde e haɓaade seernaaɓe Biafra e nder wolde hakkunde leyɗeele Nijeer, o jaɓi dogde e hitaande 1970. E hitaande 1975, kuudetaa konu sosi junta e Obasanjo e nder laamu mum tati. Caggal nde hooreejo triumvirate, hono Murtala Muhammed, waraa e hitaande rewtunde ndee, Diiso toowngo konu toɗɗii Obasanjo hooreejo leydi ndii. Jokkude politik Murtala, Obasanjo ƴeewtindiima taƴgol bidsee e yaajnude jaŋde ekkolaaji ɗi ngalaa njoɓdi. Ɓesdugo hawtuki lesdi Naajeeriya bee lesdi Amerika, o teddini kadi ballal pelle luutndiiɗe laamu ɓaleeɓe pamari nder Afrika woylaare. Obasanjo ɗon mari haaje wartirgo demokaraasi, o ardi woote 1979, ɓaawo man o hokki laamu lesdi Naajeeriya haa hooreejo lesdi siwil keso, Shehu Shagari. Ndeen Obasanjo artii e golle mum to Ota, Ogun, ɗo o wonti demoowo, o yaltini defte nay, o tawtoraama eɓɓooji winndereeji ngam joofnude hareeji Afrik ceertuɗi. E hitaande 1993, Sani Abacha heɓti laamu e kuudetaa konu. Obasanjo ina ñiŋa laamu Abacha e peeñcu, e hitaande 1995 o nanngaa, o ñaawaa wonde o jeyaa ko e kuudetaa peewnaaɗo, hay so tawii o seppii wonde o alaa ella. Nde o woni e kasoo ndee, o wonti Kerecee’en jibinaaɗo, tawi ko providentialism ina tiiɗtini no feewi e yi’annde makko aduna caggal ɗuum. O woppitaama caggal maayde Abacha e hitaande 1998. Obasanjo naati e politik wooteeji, o wonti kanndidaa PDP e wooteeji hooreleydaagu 1999, ɗi o dañi. Ko o hooreejo leydi, o woppi politik militeer en, kamɓe ɗiɗo fof ɓe njaajni polis, ɓe moofti konu ngam haɓaade fitinaaji leƴƴi, diineeji, e seernaaɓe jaajɗi. O itti sooje'en lesdi Naajeeriya diga lesdi Siyeraa Leone, o hokki hukuumaaji pamari feere-feere ngam ustugo ceede lesdi ndi'i. O artiraa e woote 2003. E nder miijooji Pan-Afrik, o woniino daraniiɗo no feewi sosde Dental Afrik, o woniino hooreejo mayre tuggi 2004 haa 2006. Eɓɓooje Obasanjo ngam waylude doosɗe leydi ngam ittude keeri manndaa hooreejo leydi, ɗe njahraani no haanirta nii, ɗe ngaddani ɗum ñiŋooje. Caggal nde o woppi golle, o heɓi doktoraa makko e ganndal diine to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde National Open to leydi Najeriya. Nguurndam gadano Baaba Olusegun Obasanjo, Obasanjo Bankole, jeyaa ko e ardiiɓe hoɗɓe e sosɓe wuro Igbogun Olaogun e fuɗɗoode kitaale 1920. Hay so tawii ko o demoowo keewɗo jawdi, o jom jawdi en, omo hiisee wonde miskiino sabu o jeyaaka e yimɓe jannguɓe e nder leydi Yoruba. Bankole hawri e Bernice Ashabi, njulaagu tokooso to Igbogun, kamɓe ɗiɗo fof ɓe resndi. Ɓeeɗoo ɗiɗo ina njogii ɓiɓɓe ɗiɗo heddiiɓe e nder jeegom : Olusegun e Adunni Oluwola, miñiiko debbo gooto. E wiyde paaspoor makko, Olusegun Obasanjo jibinaa ko ñalnde 5 marse 1937 hay so tawii noon alaa ko winndaa e mum hannde, ñalngu nguu ko limto ɓadiiɗo. Olusegun ko jeyaaɗo e Laamu Owu. O mawni ko e Baptiste. Debbo makko caggal mum naati lislaam ngam resde gorko juulɗo.[9] E duuɓi sappo e go'o, o naati duɗal leslesal wuro ngo,[10] caggal duuɓi tati, e hitaande 1951, o naati duɗal Baptist Day to nokku Owu to Abeokuta.[11] E hitaande 1952 o arti e duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde sukaaɓe Baptist,[12] kadi e nder wuro ngo. Feccere e njoɓdi duɗal makko ko dokke laamu.[13] Obasanjo waɗii ko moƴƴi e jaŋde,[14] e nder duɗal o wonti Boy Scout keewɗo faayiida.[15] Hay so tawii alaa ko holliti wonde e oon sahaa o tawtoraama kala pelle politik,[15] ko e nder duɗal hakkundeewal Obasanjo salii innde makko adannde "Matthew" ngam wonde golle luulndiiɗe koloñaal.[16] E nder ɗuum, baaba Obasanjo woppi debbo mum e sukaaɓe mum ɗiɗo.[17] Nde o yani e baasal, yumma Obasanjo ina foti golloraade njulaagu ngam wuurde.[15] Ngam yoɓugo ceede janngirde maako, Obasanjo ɗon huuwa haa gese kakawo e kola, ɗon ligga, ɗon mooɓa leɗɗe, ɗon sooda ceene mahooɓe. E nder balɗe udditgol duɗal ngal kadi o golliima e duɗal ngal, omo taƴa huɗo e golle juuɗe goɗɗe.[18] E hitaande 1956, Obasanjo waɗi jaŋde mum hakkundeere, caggal nde o ñamli kaalis ngam yoɓde njoɓdi naatgol.[19] E oon hitaande kadi, o fuɗɗii jokkondirde e Oluremi Akinlawon, ɓiy Owu mawɗo station. Ɓe ndarniino dewgal haa hitaande 1958.[20] O yalti duɗal, o fayi Ibadan, o ƴetti golle jannginde. Ko ɗoon o jooɗii e ekzamen naatgol to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Ibadan, kono hay so o jaɓii o tawi o waawaa yoɓde njoɓdi jaŋde.[19] Ndeen Obasanjo fellitii jokkude golle mum e nder konu leydi Najeriya, ngam heɓde ngal gollal, e hitaande 1958 o jaabiima eɓɓoore ngam janngude ofiseeji cadet e nder konu leydi Najeriya.[21][22] Fuɗɗoode golle konu (1958-1966) Heblo konu: 1958-1959 E lewru marse 1958, Obasanjo naati e konu leydi Najeriya.[23] O yi’i ɗum ko fartaŋŋe jokkude jaŋde makko tawa omo heɓa njoɓdi;[24] o humpitaaki ɗoon e ɗoon ɓesngu makko, o hulii wonde jibnaaɓe makko ina njaɓa ɗum.[25] Ko e oon sahaa konu leydi Najeriya ina jokki e juuɗe laamu koloñaal leydi Najeriya, ngam heblude ndimaagu leydi Najeriya timmungu, kadi ina waɗi eɓɓooje ngam heɓde yimɓe leydi Najeriya ɓurɓe heewde e nder darnde konu mum.[25] Ndeen o neldaama to duɗal jaŋde ofiseeji jooɗɗi to Teshie to leydi Gana.[23] Nde o woni caggal leydi, o neldi ɓataakeeji e dokke to jom suudu makko to leydi Najeriya.[20] E lewru suwee 1958, o suɓaa ngam ɓeydaade heblo lebbi jeegom to duɗal Mons Officer Cadet to Aldershot, to fuɗnaange Angalteer. Obasanjo yiɗaa ɗum toon, o sikkatnoo ko ɗum juɓɓule njiyaagu e njiyaagu, o tawi ina saɗi ko jokkondiri e dumunna Engele ɓurɗo toowde e ɓuuɓde.[26] Nde semmbini miijooji makko bonɗi e laamu Biritaan e hakke mum laamaade e dow laamuuji mum koloñaal en.[24] To Mons, o heɓi komisoŋ e seedantaagal to bannge innde. Nde Obasanjo woni to leydi Angalteer, yumma mum maayi. Baaba makko ndeen maayi ko hitaande caggal ɗuum.[27] E hitaande 1959, Obasanjo arti Nijeer. Ko ɗoon o artiraa to Kaduna, o woni subaltern infanterie e bataliyoŋ joyaɓo.[27] Wakkati maako haa Kaduna woni wakkati arandejum nde Obasanjo jooɗi haa nokkure nde juulɓe ɗuuɗi.[27] Ko nde o woni toon, e lewru Oktoobar 1960, leydi Nijeer wonti leydi ndimaagu.[28][22] Kiiriis Konngo: 1960-1961 Ƴeew kadi: Kiriis Konngo Caggal ɗuum seeɗa, bataliyoŋ joyaɓo neldaa to Konngo ngam jeyeede e konu Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe ngam haɓaade jam. Ko ɗoon bataliyoŋ oo woni e nder diiwaan Kivu, tawi ko ɗoon woni Bukavu.[28] To leydi Konngo, Obasanjo e woɗɓe ina njoginoo darnde reende siwil en, haa arti noon e leñol Belsik, e soldateeɓe murtuɓe e laamu Patrice Lumumba.[28] E lewru feebariyee 1961, Obasanjo nanngaa e juuɗe murtuɓe nde o ummotoo e misiyoŋaaji katolik en e nder dingiral sara Bukavu. Mutinooɓe ɓee miijinoo ko warde mo kono ɓe njamiraama yo ɓe njaltu. E lewru mee 1961, bataliyoŋ joyaɓo ummii Konngo, arti Najeriya.[28] E nder wolde nde, o toɗɗaama kapiteen wakkati.[24] O teskiima caggal ɗuum wonde sahaa mo o woni e Konngo oo ina semmbina "fervour pan-africain" bataliyoŋ makko.[28] Gartugol e leydi Konngo: 1961-1966 Nde o arti, Obasanjo soodi oto makko gadano, o naati e opitaal ko juuti sabu rafi reedu. Nde o selli, o artiraa e Korse Innjiniyaaruuji konu. E hitaande 1962 o jooɗii to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Royal College to Angalteer. Ko ɗoon o ɓuri waawde, o siforaa ko "almuudo Commonwealth ɓurɗo waawde". Oon hitaande, o yoɓi Akinlawon ngam yahde Londres ɗo o waawi naatde e kursus heblo. Ɓeeɗoo ɗiɗo resndi ɗum ko e lewru suwee 1963 to biro binnditagol Camberwell Green, ɓe nganndini ɓesnguuji maɓɓe tan caggal nde ɓe mbaɗi hiirde ndee.E ndeen hitaande, Obasanjo yamiraama yo o hoot to leydi Nijeer, hay so tawii debbo makko ina heddii to Londres duuɓi tati goɗɗi ngam timminde jaŋde makko. Nde o naati Naajeeriya, Obasanjo hoosi ardungal konu Innjiniyaaruuji ladde, jooɗiiɗum haa Kaduna. E nder konu, Obasanjo ina jokki e yahrude yeeso e nder darɗe, o wonti mawɗo e hitaande 1965. O huutoriima ngalu makko ngam soodde leydi, e fuɗɗoode kitaale 1960 o heɓi jawdi to Ibadan, Kaduna, e Lagos. E hitaande 1965, Obasanjo neldaa leydi Inndo. E nder laawol, o yilliima debbo makko to Londres. To leydi Indiya, o janngi to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde toppitiingal ko fayti e cellal to Wellington, caggal ɗuum to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Innjiniyaaruuji to Poona. Obasanjo hulɓinii e heege nde o seedtii e nder leydi Indiya hay so tawii o ƴettii nafoore e pinal leydi ndii, huunde nde addani mo janngude defte diineeji nannditooji. Hare nder leydi Naajeeriya Winndannde mawnde: Hare nder leydi Najeriya Golle makko ko adii wolde hakkunde leyɗeele: 1966-1967 Obasanjo ummi Naajeeriya nder lewru January hitaande 1966 ngam heɓugo lesdi ndi'i nder kuudetaa konu ngu Major Emmanuel Ifeajuna ardii. Obasanjo ina jeyaa e jeertinɓe wonde ngonka kaa ina waawi jippaade e wolde nder leydi.O hollitii wonde maa o won hakkunde ƴaañooɓe kuudetaa e laamu siwil, ngu rokki laamu nguu e juuɗe hooreejo konu Johnson Aguiyi-Ironsi. Nde kuudetaa oo ronki, Olusegun hawri e Ironsi to Lagos. Ironsi ɓooyaani ko timmini fedde nde e nder leydi Najeriya rewrude e yamiroore mum kawral e lewru mee 1966, huunde nde ɓuuɓni jiiɓru leƴƴi. E darorɗe lewru sulyee, kuudetaa ɗiɗmo waɗi. To wuro Ibadan, sooja'en iwdi woyla lesdi Naajeeriya ɗon ƴama, ɓe mbari Ironsi, ɓe mbari fodde teemeɗɗe ɗiɗi sooje'en ko ɓuri ɗuuɗugo ɓe iwdi lesdi Naajeeriya. Seneraal Yaakubu Gowon heɓti laamu. Nde ooɗoo kuudetaa waɗata nde Obasanjo wonnoo ko to Maiduguri. Nande ɗum, o yaawi hootde Kaduna. Ko ɗoon o tawi konu worgo ummoriiɗo e bataliyoŋ tataɓo ina ronka, ina torloo, ina wara soldateeɓe Igbo en. Gomnaajo lesdi Naajeeriya, Hassan Katsina, annditi dow koo ngam Olusegun naa Igbo, bana no o woni mo woylaare lesdi Naajeeriya, o ɗon nder ɓilla haa sooja'en murtuɓe. Ngam reenaade ɓe, Katsina neldi Olusegun e debbo mum ngarta Maiduguri balɗe sappo, tawi fitinaaji ɗii ina ustoo. Caggal ɗuum, Obasanjo neldi debbo mum to Lagos, tawi omo hoota Kaduna kanko e hoore makko, o woni ɗoon haa lewru Yarkomaa 1967. E oon sahaa ko kanko woni ofisee Yoruba ɓurɗo mawnude tawaaɗo to bannge worgo. E lewru Yarkomaa 1967, Obasanjo toɗɗaama to Lagos ngam wonde mawɗo Injineer konu.Hare hakkunde leƴƴi Igbo e leƴƴi worgo ina jokki e ɓeydaade, e lewru mee, ofisee konu Igbo C. Odumegwu Ojukwu hollitii jeytaare nokkuuji ɓurɗi heewde Igbo e nder fuɗnaange-rewo leydi Bi. Ñalnde 3 lewru juko, laamu leydi Najeriya neldi Obasanjo to Ibadan ngam wonde hooreejo leydi Hirnaange.Hare hakkunde konu leydi Najeriya e seernaaɓe Biafran fuɗɗii ko ñalnde 6 lewru juko. Ñalnde 9 sulyee, Ojukwu neldi koloñaal konu Biafra dow pont Niiseer ngam yiɗde heɓtude Mid-West, nokku ɗo ɓe mbaawi ummoraade Lagos. Obasanjo yiɗiino uddude laabi jahduɗi e wuro ngo. Komandaajo Yoruba biyeteeɗo Victor Banjo, ardinooɗo konu njanngu Biafran, etinooma waawnude Obasanjo yoo ɓe njaltu, kono o salii. Kuugal konu lesdi: 1967-1970 "Kolonel Olu Obasanjo, gardinooɗo diɗɗal tataɓal". Jaaynde Naajeeriya keso, hello 7, 12 lewru Yarkomaa 1970. Gagga hare nder leydi Naajeeriya e Biafra. Ndeen Obasanjo toɗɗaama hooreejo caggal diɗɗal ɗiɗaɓal Murtala Muhammed, gollotoongal to Mid-Ouest. Obasanjo woni ko e jooɗaade to Ibadan, ko kañum halfinaa Division ɗiɗaɓo oo jogaade kaɓirɗe. E nder wuro ngo, Obasanjo jannginii course ganndal konu to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Ibadan, o mahi jokkondiral makko e nder elite Yoruba. E nder wolde nde, wonno ko jiiɓru mawndu e nder Dowla Hirnaange, ngam daɗde e ɗeen caɗeele, Obasanjo woppi golle mum e nder Diiso doosɗe Hirnaange.Nde Obasanjo woɗɗi Ibadan e lewru noowammbar 1968, gure jogiiɗe kaɓirɗe ɗe fedde remooɓe Agbekoya moofti, njani e galle laamorɗo Ibadan. Konuuji ɗii njaabtii, mbari sappo e fitinaaji ɗii. Nde Obasanjo arti o yamiri yo ñaawirde ƴeewto kewuuji ɗii. Yamiroore konu: 1967-1970 "Kolonel Olu Obasanjo, gardinooɗo diɗɗal tataɓal". Jaaynde Naajeeriya keso, hello 7, 12 lewru Yarkomaa 1970. Gagga hare nder leydi Naajeeriya e Biafra. Ndeen Obasanjo toɗɗaama hooreejo caggal diɗɗal ɗiɗaɓal Murtala Muhammed, gollotoongal to Mid-Ouest. Obasanjo ina jooɗii to Ibadan, ko kañum halfinaa Division ɗiɗaɓo oo jogaade kaɓirɗe. E nder wuro ngo, Obasanjo jannginii course ganndal konu to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Ibadan, o mahi jokkondiral makko e nder elite Yoruba. E nder wolde nde, wonno ko jiiɓru mawndu e nder Dowla Hirnaange, ngam daɗde e ɗeen geɗe, Obasanjo woppi golle e nder Diiso doosɗe Dowla Hirnaange. Nde Obasanjo woɗɗi Ibadan e lewru noowammbar 1968, wuro ngo ina jogii balɗe, ngo fedde remooɓe Agbekoya moofti, yani e galle laamorɗo Ibadan. Konuuji ɗii njaabtii, mbari sappo e fitinaaji ɗii. Nde Obasanjo arti o yamiri yo ñaawirde ƴeewto kewuuji ɗii. Gowon felliti lomtaade Kolonel Benjamin Adekunle, ardinooɗo njanngu Biafra, kono ina haani Yoruba mawɗo goɗɗo. O suɓii ko Obasanjo, hay so tawii noon o alaa humpito hare. Obasanjo arii Port Harcourt ngam heɓtude golle ɗee ñalnde 16 mee 1969 ; o ardii hannde hakkunde 35 000 e 40 000 soldaat. O waɗii jonte jeegom gadane ɗee ko e riiwtude njangu Biafran e Aba. O yilliima kala nokku e yeeso, o gaañiiɗo e waɗde ɗum. Ɗee golle ngaddi mo innde cuusal e nder worɓe makko E lewru desaambar, Obasanjo fuɗɗii golle Finishing Touch, yamiri konu mum yo yahru yeeso feewde Umuahia, ngu ɓe ƴetti ñalnde Natal. Ɗum taƴii Biafra e feccere. Ñalnde 7 lewru Yarkomaa 1970, o ummini ndeen « Operation Tail-Wind », o heɓti laana ndiwoowa Uli ñalnde 12 lewru Yarkomaa. E oon sahaa, ardiiɓe Biafran njaɓi yoɓde. Ñalnde 13 lewru nduu, Obasanjo jokkondiri e komandaajo konu Biafran biyeteeɗo Philip Effiong. Obasanjo wi'i sooja'en Biafran hokka balmi maɓɓe, nden boo suɓol ardiiɓe lesdi ndi'i ɗon yaha Lagos, ɓe hokka Gowon dow laawol. Janngo mum, Obasanjo haali e rajo diiwaan oo, o wiyi ɓiɓɓe leydi ndi yo njokku e galleeji mum en, o dartina kisal mum en. Biafranaaɓe heewɓe e jaayɗe goɗɗe ina kuli wonde konu leydi Najeriya ina waawi waɗde bonanndeeji keewɗi e yimɓe foolɓe ɓee, hay so tawii noon Obasanjo ina yiɗi haɗde ɗum. O yamiri konu makko e nder diiwaan hee yo heddo e nder galleeji mum en, jokkude wonde polis nokku oo ina foti ƴettude kuule ngam ƴellitde sariya e deeƴre. Division tataɓo, ɓurɗo woɗɗude, waɗii hareeji warngooji e yimɓe nokku oo. Obasanjo ina tiiɗi e waɗooɓe bonannde ndee, sibu waɗɓe warngooji ɗii mberlaama, waɗɓe warngooji ɗii mbardaa. Laamu Gowon waɗi Obasanjo kalfinaaɗo naatnude Biafra e nder leydi Najeriya, e nder oon darnde o heɓi teddungal ngam teeŋtinde mawngu. Ko o injenieer, o teeŋtinii artirde jolngo ndiyam ; haa lewru mee 1970 gure mawɗe diiwaan oo fof njokkondirii e jolngo ndiyam. Darnde Obasanjo e timminde wolde nde waɗi mo jaambaaro wolde, kadi ko o neɗɗo ganndiraaɗo e nder leydi Najeriya. Kuugal maako ɓaawo konu lesdi: 1970-1975 E lewru suwee 1970, Obasanjo arti Abeokuta, jamaanu jaɓɓii mo no jaambaaro garoowo nii. Ndeen o neldaama to Lagos, o woni Brigadier gardinooɗo Korse Innjiniyankooɓe. E lewru oktoobar, Gowon hollitii wonde laamu militeer en ina rokka laamu nguu laamu siwil e hitaande 1976. E nder ɗuum, haɗde lanndaaji politik ina heddii e doole ; Gowon yahri yeeso seeɗa e sosde laamu siwil. E les laamu sooja'en, Obasanjo jooɗi nder goomu limngal sooja'en lesdi Naajeeriya, ko laarani limngal sooja'en lesdi Naajeeriya nder duuɓi 1970. E hitaande 1974 Obasanjo yahi to leydi Angalteer ngam janngude to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Royal College to bannge diine. Nde o arti, e lewru Yarkomaa 1975 Gowon toɗɗii mo Komisariyaa Golle e Koɗki, golle ɗe o joginoo fotde lebbi jeeɗiɗi, e nder ɗuum o ɓuri waawde mahde kaɓirɗe konu. E hitaande 1970, Obasanjo soodi sosiyatee Libannaajo ɓooyɗo to Ibadan, o gollini heen awokaa ngam ƴellitde ɗum. E hitaande 1973 o winnditii fedde wiyeteende Temperance Enterprises Limited, nde o waawi waɗde heen golle njulaagu caggal nde o woppi golle konu. O jokki kadi e waɗde heen jawdi ; e hitaande 1974 o joginoo galleeji ɗiɗi to Lagos e gooto fof to Ibadan e Abeokuta. Haalaaji ummii wonde Obasanjo ina jokki e waɗde njulaagu nguu ina ɓeydoo yaajde e nder leydi Najeriya, hay so tawii noon alaa ko holliti ɗum ko laaɓti. Dewgal makko e Oluremi wonti caɗeele nde o salii jokkondiral makko e rewɓe woɗɓe. E cakkital kitaale 1970 dewgal maɓɓe fusi. E hitaande 1976 o resi Stella Abebe e nder kewu aadaaji Yoruba. E nder laamu Murtala Kuudetaa 1975 e caggal mum Binndanɗe mawɗe: Kuudetaa laamu Nijeer e hitaande 1975 e Kawtal konu Nijeer (1966–1979) E lewru sulyee 1975, kuudetaa e gardagol Shehu Muusaa Yar’Adua e Yuusuf Garba liɓi Gowon, o dogi fayti Angalteer. Ɓe kaalaani Obasanjo e peeje maɓɓe nde tawnoo omo anndiraa wonde kuudetaa ko kuutorgal waylude laamu. Kuudetaaji ɗii njiɗnoo ko lomtinde laamu otokaraasi Gowon nguu e laamu tati (triumvirate) brigadieruuji tati ɗi Diiso Toowngo Konu ina waawi haɗde kuule mum en. Ngalɗoo laamu tati, ɓe cemmbini Seneraal Murtala Muhammed yo won hooreejo leydi, Obasanjo woni ɗiɗaɓo e gardagol mum, Danjuma woni tataɓo. Daartoowo biyeteeɗo John Iliffe teskiima wonde e nder triumvirate, Obasanjo ko « puccu gollordu e ngaandi » , ko kanko ɓuri yaawde hootde e laamu siwil. E nder heen, triumvirate oo naatni peeje ustude ngalu ngam haɗde inflation, sosi Biro toppitiiɗo ko fayti e golle bonɗe, lomtini guwerneeruuji militeer en ɗii fof ofiseeji kesi, ɓe cifotoo ko Obasanjo woni hooreejo konu, ɓe puɗɗii "Operation Deadwood" mo ɓe ndartini ofiseeji civil 11,000. Mawɗo gollordu, suudu sarɗiiji: 1975–76 E lewru oktoobar 1975, laamu nguu hollitii peeje ngam waɗde woote ɗe mbaɗata ngam laamu siwil e lewru oktoobar 1979. Ngu hollitii kadi peeje ngam sosde goomu ngam ƴettude doosgal leydi kesal, tawi ko Obasanjo ɓuri waawde suɓaade terɗe goomu nguu 49. E dow wasiyaaji Komiseer Irifeke, laamu nguu hollitii kadi sosde dowlaaji jeeɗiɗi kesi ; e dow tiiɗnaare Obasanjo, Abeokuta ina foti wonde laamorgo gooto e ɗeen dowlaaji kesi, hono Ogun. Kadi dow wasiyaaji komitiiru ndun, ɓe anndini anniyaaji seeɗa-seeɗa ngam wurtinki laamorgo lesdi Naajeeriya diga Lagos haa Abuja ɓurduɗum caka. E lewru Yarkomaa 1976, Obasanjo e Danjuma fof ƴettaa e jappeere Lietnaa-Seneraal. Murtala e Obasanjo fof ina ndartini darnde ngam haɗde koloñaal Oropnaaɓe jokkude e njiimaandi ɓaleeɓe tokosɓe e nder Afrik worgo, ɗum noon ko huunde nde ɓe cuɓii e politik maɓɓe caggal leydi. Ngolɗoo sabaabu ina ɓeydoo wontude ngoƴa Obasanjo. Caggal nde Angolaa heɓti jeytaare mum e juuɗe Portigaal, wolde ɓesngu addi e leydi hee. Naajeeriya anndi laabi laamu ngu MPLA, fedde marxist en nde Dental Sowiyet walli, sabu laamu luulndiingu FNLA e UNITA ina mballita e laamu ɓaleeɓe tokosɓe to Afrik worgo. Ko jiidaa e rokkude MPLA ballal kaalis, Niiseer fuɗɗiima ƴattaade leyɗeele Afrik goɗɗe ngam kadi jaɓde njuɓɓudi MPLA, e fuɗɗoode hitaande 1976 ko ɓuri heewde e dowlaaji e nder Fedde Ngootaagu Afrik (OAU) mbaɗii ɗum. E lewru feebariyee 1976, Obasanjo ardii delegaasiyoŋ Najeriya ngam mawninde hitaande MPLA to Luanda, ɗo o wiyi : « ko ñalngu maantiniingu, ko ɗum fuɗɗoode hare sakkitiinde ngam haɓaade koloñaal, imperiyaalisma e njiyaagu e nder Afrik ». Warngo Murtala : 13 feebariyee 1976 E lewru feebariyee 1976, kolonel Buka Suka Dimka waɗi kuudetaa e laamu Nijeer, tawi ko ndeen Seneraal Murtala Muhammed waraa. Eɓɓoore kadi waɗaama e nguurndam Obasanjo, kono neɗɗo mo fotaani waraa. Dimka ŋakkiraa ballal mawngal e nder militeer en, kuudetaa makko ronki, ɗum addani mo dogde. Obasanjo tawtoraaki wirwirnde Murtala to Kano, kono o hollitii laamu nguu ina jogori yoɓde mahngo juulirde e nokku ɗo o wirnaa ɗoo. Caggal nde o waraa, Obasanjo tawtoraama batu Diiso Toowngo Konu. O hollitii yiɗde makko woppude laamu, kono Diiso ngoo heɓiino ɗaɓɓude yo o lomto Murtala e gardagol leydi ndii. Ko ɗum waɗi o wonti hooreejo diiso ngoo.E nder kulhuli makko e ɓeydagol eɓɓooji e nguurndam makko, Obasanjo naati e nder kasoo Dodan, tawi 39 neɗɗo tuumaaɗo wonde e nder kuudetaa Dimka mbaraa, ɗum jibini tuumeede wonde jaabawol Obasanjo ngol ina heewi. Ko Obasanjo woni hooreejo leydi ndi, o huniima jokkude dawrugol Murtala. Hooreejo leydi konu (1976-1979) Triumvirat konu E anndude kulhuli gonɗi e woɗɗude yimɓe woyla Naajeeriya, Obasanjo addi Seneraal Shehu Yar'Adua ngam lomtaade mo e ɗiɗaɓo e gardagol hooreejo konu, gardiiɗo jaagorɗe toowɗo timminoowo triumvirate militeer en, Obasanjo woni hooreejo leydi e Seneraal Theophilus Stajumabli ngam laamaade dow tato we- laamu konu. Obasanjo hirjinii jeewte e nanondiral hakkunde Diiso Toowngo Konu. Heewɓe ina kaawaa hol ko waɗi Obasanjo – hono Yoruba e Kerecee – toɗɗaade Yar’Adua, tergal e aristokraasi worgo, yo won gardiiɗo ɗiɗaɓo mum, wonaa banndiiko Yoruba Kerecee. Obasanjo teeŋtinii kulhuli ngenndiiji e dow ɗi diiwanuuji ɗii ; o hirjini sukaaɓe e mawɓe fof nde njanngata fodoore ngenndiire hesere ndee e jimɗi ngenndiiji ɗii. Nafoore heɓde miijooji ɓurɗi yaajde, ñalnde aset kala omo waɗa seminar mo alaa ko woni e mum so wonaa toɓɓere nde yimɓe ɓe ngonaa politikaaji e gollotooɓe laamu noddata. Ina jeyaa e ɓe o ɗaɓɓirta wasiyaaji mum en, annduɓe lislaam e mawɓe aadaaji. Politik faggudu Obasanjo wondude e hooreejo leydi Amerik biyeteeɗo Jimmy Carter to galle laamorɗo Amerik e hitaande 1977 E cakkital kitaale 1970, leydi Naajeeriya ina joginoo faggudu ɓurndu heewde doole, tawi noon ko 34% e inflation. Ngam haɓugo bee caɗeele faggudu lesdi Naajeeriya, Obasanjo tokki dabareeji cemmbiɗinki ceede ngam ustugo ceede laamu. E nder bidsee makko 1976, Obasanjo eɓɓi ustude njoɓdi laamu nguu fotde feccere, ustude eɓɓaaɗe tedduɗe, tawa ina ɓeyda njoɓdi jaŋde, cellal, galleeji, e ndema. O sosi kadi goomu ngam haɓaade inflation, e nder hitaande wootere caggal nde Obasanjo heɓi laamu, inflation ustii haa 30%. Obasanjo ina heewi yiɗde ñamlude kaalis, kono e ballal Banke Adunayankeewo e Fonds Monétaire International, Nijeer ƴetti ñamlude miliyaaruuji 1 dolaar e fedde bankeeji. Ɓeen ñiŋooɓe leftist en mbiyi wonde waɗde ɗum ina addana leydi ndii ɗooftaade kapitaalisma. E nder duuɓi ɗiɗi garooji ɗii, laamu Obasanjo, Nijeer ƴettii 4 983 miliyoŋ dolaar goɗɗo. Naajeeriya ina wondi e ɓeydagol fotde 3% hitaande kala e nder kitaale 1970, huunde nde fotnoo ɓeydaade fotde laabi ɗiɗi e nder duuɓi 25 seeɗa. Obasanjo teskiima caggal ɗuum wonde o anndaa ɗum e oon sahaa, sibu laamu makko alaa politik e ƴellitde yimɓe. Ɓeydagol yimɓe leydi Naajeeriya addani ɓe ɓeydaade yaawde e nder gure mawɗe e ŋakkeende cuuɗi e nder gure. Ngam haɓaade ɗum, bidsee Obasanjo e hitaande 1976 hollitii peeje mahngo 200 000 galle keso haa hitaande 1980, hay so tawii noon ko 28 500 tan mahaa.E hitaande 1976, laamu Obasanjo kadi hollitii wonde ina jogori ƴellitde renndo e cogguuli. Ngam haɓaade jiiɓru seppooji gollotooɓe, e hitaande 1976 laamu Obasanjo yaltinii sariyaaji cifotooɗi ko ɓuri heewde e gollorɗe mawɗe ko sarwisaaji baɗɗi faayiida, haɗi seppooji e nder mum en, yamiri nanngugol ardiiɓe senndikaaji jiiɓru. E hitaande 1978 nde hawriti senndikaaji 42 e nder fedde wootere nde gollotooɓe e leydi Nijeer. Obasanjo jokki bee taskaramji tati mawɗi ngam ndiyam haa woyla lesdi Naajeeriya ɗi arannde anndinaama les Murtala: taskaramji maayo Kano, taskaramji Bakalori, e taskaramji ndiyam Chad Sud. Laamu makko kadi jokki eɓɓooji ƴellitaare ndema puɗɗanooɗi to Funtua, Gusau, e Gombe. Won eɓɓaaɗe ƴellitgol laddeeji kadi puɗɗaama ngam haɗde njiimaandi Saharaa to bannge worgo. Ngam heɓde ko ɓuri heewde e ɗaɓɓaande leydi ndii e kuuraa, Obasanjo ardiima udditgol eɓɓaaɗe ɗiɗi kese ngam ƴellitde kuuraa e nder ndiyam e ƴulɓe. Industry petrol heddii ko huunde mawnde e faggudu leydi Naajeeriya e les laamu Obasanjo, ministeer petrol hawtii e fedde petroŋ leydi Naajeeriya ngam sosde fedde petroŋ leydi Naajeeriya (NNPC). Obasanjo kadi wallitii sosde lowre liggorde to Bonny, nde NNPC yoɓi 62% ; eɓɓaande ndee ko lomto makko woppi ɗum e nder ɓeydagol coodguuli. Obasanjo jokki kadi e peewnugol njuɓɓudi njamndi mboɗeeri Ajaokuta, eɓɓaande ndonaandi nde heewɓe e ñiŋooɓe e nder sarwisaaji laamu mbiyata ko nde waawataa huutoreede. E nder cakkital kitaale 1970, Naajeeriya kadi ina wondi e ustaare ndema, ko ɗum huunde nde laamuuji jokkondirɗi ɗii njiyti ko ɓuri hoybude e naatde e nguura e nder leydi ndii. E lewru mee 1976, Obasanjo fuɗɗii « Operation Feed the Nation » (Operation Feed the Nation), woni eɓɓaande ngam wuurtinde ndema tokoosa, tawi ina jeyaa heen yoɓeede almudɓe ngam remde e nder balɗe juulde. Eɓɓaande ndee ina waɗi kadi momtugol njoɓɗeele e nguura jawdi e kaɓirɗe ndema, e ballal kuutoragol tovo ngo, e ustude njoɓɗeele ndema. E lewru marse 1978, Obasanjo yaltini kuulal kuutoragol leydi ndi rokki laamu nguu hakkeeji jeyi leydi e dow leydi ndii kala. Ɗum waɗiraa ko ngam haɗde njulaagu leydi e njulaagu leydi, kadi addani ɗum yetteede e bannge nano leydi Najeriya hay so tawii noon ko galleeji keewɗi jogiiɗi leydi njiɗaa ɗum. Obasanjo yiyri ɗum ko e geɗe teeŋtuɗe laamu mum. Obasanjo wallitorii reentaade Gowon ngam waɗde heen jawdi mum caggal leydi, o jokki e ɗeen politikaaji. Politik faggudu ngenndiyankaagal e nder sekteeruuji teeŋtuɗi ina usta njulaagu keeriiɗo, ɗum addani ɗum ustude njulaagu, hay so tawii noon daraniiɓe ɗum ɓee ina njetta Obasanjo ngam dartinde diisnondiral kaalis so renndinaama e ardiiɓe mum. Politikuuji nder leydi O (Obasanjo) jokki e ƴamol jaŋde leslesre winndereyankoore e nder leydi Najeriya, politik ronkaama e Gowon. O naatini sariya jaŋde leslesre e hitaande 1976 ; hakkunde 1975–76 e 1979–80, binnditagol e duɗe leslese ɗe njoɓaaka kono ɗe njiɗaa, ɓeydiima gila e miliyoŋaaji 6 haa 12,5 miliyoŋ, hay so tawii noon jannginooɓe e kaɓirɗe ina ŋakki ngam waawde huutoraade ɗaɓɓaande ndee. E hitaande jaŋde 1977–78, Obasanjo naatni jaŋde hakkundeere nde alaa ko yoɓetee e fannuuji karallaagal, huunde nde yaajnaa e denndaangal jaŋde hakkundeere e hitaande 1979–80. E oon sahaa gooto, leydi Naajeeriya ustii kaalis jaŋde toownde ; e hitaande 1978 nde woppi rokkude ñamaale almudɓe, nde ɓeydi fotde laabi tati njoɓdi nguura e hoɗorde duɗe jaaɓi haaɗtirde. Seppooji janngooɓe mbaɗi e nder gure keewɗe, waɗii warngooji baɗnooɗi e nder wuro Lagos e Zaria. E nder jaabawol fitinaaji ɗii, Obasanjo udditi duɗe jaaɓi-haaɗtirde keewɗe, haɗi golle politik e nder duɗe jaaɓi-haaɗtirde, haɗi kadi fedde janngooɓe leydi Najeriya. Tiiɗnaare ɗeen peeje ina gasa tawa ko sabu tuumeede wonde fitinaaji almudɓe ɗii ina njokkondiri e kuudetaa militeer peewnaaɗo e lewru feebariyee 1978. Obasanjo ina mettini e jikkuuji almudɓe seppooɓe ɓee, o wiyi wonde ɗum ina hollita ruttaade e nafooje aadaaji ko wayi no hormaade almudɓe. Ngam batte ɓamtaare laamu Naajeeriya, leydi ndi yi’i ɓamtaare mawnde nder kuuɗe laamu. Seedeeji peeñii ko feewti e fenaande mawnde e nder laamu leydi ndii, tee, so tawii tuume ɗee ina keewi waɗeede e Obasanjo e hoore mum, alaa seedeeji tiiɗɗi peeñi. Ngam haɗde natal njulaagu e nder laamu, laamu Obasanjo haɗii huutoraade otooji Mercedes ngam waɗde otooji laamu, e lomtaade ɗum en, ɓe mbaɗti heen otooji Peugeot 504 ɓurɗi hoybude Naatgol champagne kadi haɗaama. E ƴaañde taƴgol konu, laamu Obasanjo yiyri 12 000 soldaat ina ndartinaa e nder duuɓi 1976 e 1977. Ɗee konu njalti ko e nokkuuji kesi ngam wallitde ɗum en e jokkondirde e nguurndam siwil en. Obasanjo kadi ina tuuma wonde ko kañum woni sabaabu ƴaañgol politik. E nder yeewtere wootere maantiniinde, koɗorɗe jimoowo e daraniiɗo politik Najeriya biyeteeɗo Fela Kuti, Republique Kalakuta, yani, yani haa laaɓi, caggal nde tergal e fedde makko hawri e yimɓe konu. Fela e ɓesngu mum piyi, njuppaa, yumma mum mawɗo, daraniiɗo politik e yumma mum sosɗo Chief Funmilayo Ransome Kuti, werlaa e windo. Ɗum addani mo gaañiiɓe no feewi, haa arti noon e maayde makko. Fela caggal ɗuum nawti kees to galle hooreejo leydi ndii e oon sahaa to Dodan Barracks to Lagos ngam salaade ƴaañde laamu nguu e politik. Politik caggal leydi Hooreejo leydi Amerik biyeteeɗo Jimmy Carter ina wondi e Obasanjo e njillu mum to leydi Najeriya e hitaande 1978 Obasanjo ina yiɗi tabitinde leydi Najeriya no ardorde mawnde e nder Afrik nii, e nder laamu makko, doole mum e nder duunde nde ɓeydiima. O ummini dabare Gowon ngam waɗugo julde ɗiɗaɓre nder duuniyaaru ngam naalankaaku e pinal ɓaleeɓe e afriknaajo haa lesdi Naajeeriya; ɗum waɗi ko to Lagos e lewru feebariyee 1977, hay so tawii noon ñaawooɓe nder leydi ndii mbiyi ko ɗum huunde nde alaa ko nafata. Obasanjo hokkii ɗuuɗal teddungal dow Dental Faggudu lesɗe Afrik Hirnaange (ECOWAS) nden o mettini ɗuuɗɓe nder terɗe maako ɗemngal Farayse ɓaawo o wi'i, bana no Naajeeriya ɓuri wallugo ceede ngam hukuuma kan, Naajeeriya foti jaɓɓaago hukuumaaji pamari ɗin haa Lagos. Jokkondiral e Ganaa ɓadiiɗo kadi ustii ; e hitaande 1979, leydi Nijeer taƴii petroŋ e nder leydi ndii ngam salaade warngooji luulndiiɓe politik ɗi laamu kesu ngu Jerry Rawlings wari. E laamu Obasanjo, Naajeeriya ustii jokkondiral mum juutngal e leydi Angalteer, ɓeydi jokkondirde e leyɗeele dentuɗe Amerik. Obasanjo ina yiɗi laamu hooreejo leydi Amerik biyeteeɗo Jimmy Carter, cuɓaaɗo e hitaande 1976, sabu Carter ina joginoo darnde tiiɗnde ngam tabitinde laamu ɓurngu heewde e Afrik worgo. Ambasadeer Carter to leydi Nijeer, hono Andrew Young, waɗii sehilaagal tiiɗngal e Obasanjo, Carter yilliima leydi Nijeer e hitaande 1978. Kono tan, kuulal ngam waylude alkule ɗee waɗiraa ko ngam dalillaaji laaɓtuɗi, wonaa miijooji ; yiytude petroŋ e nder maayo worgo firti ko Angalteer wontii ƴaañoowo wonaa soodoowo petroŋ Nijeer.Laamu Obasanjo kadi ina mettini heen no feewi nde Angalteer salii yoɓde Gowon, ina sikka wonde laamu Angalteer ina waawi wonde e kuudetaa mo Murtala waɗi. Ngam ɗeeɗoo hujjaaji, e hitaande 1976 nde miijii dartinde jokkondiral dipolomaasi e Angalteer, kono haa jooni nde dartinaani. Obasanjo noon saliima yahde Angalteer, o semmbini ardiiɓe makko waɗde ɗum. Jokkondiral ngal ɓeydii bonde nde Margaret Thatcher wonti gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi Angalteer e hitaande 1979, o fuɗɗii waɗde feere ɓurnde welde e njuɓɓudi laamu ɓaleeɓe tokosɓe to Rodesi e Afrik worgo. E nder jaabawol ngol, Naajeeriya nanngi laanawol ndiyam lesdi Naajeeriya, ngol ɓe tammi ɗon nastina petrol Naajeeriya haa lesdi Naajeeriya, ɓe haɗi hukuumaaji pamari Biritaniya ngam heɓugo kuuɗe Naajeeriya, ɓe nastini kuuɗe BP haa lesdi Naajeeriya. Obasanjo ina yiɗi kadi yaawnaade joofnude laamu ɓaleeɓe tokosɓe e nder Afrik worgo ; e wiyde Iliffe, ɗum wonti « cakkital politik makko caggal leydi ». Naajeeriya hokki ballal ngam haɓugo bee laamu daneeji nder diiwal ngal, hokki hukuumaaji pamari ɗi'i uddita birooji haa Lagos, nden hokki hukuumaaji pamari ɗin ɗon hokka mooɓgal feere-feere dogguɓe laamuuji lesdi Afrika fombinaari. E ƴettude peeje tiiɗɗe ngam haɓaade laamu apartaayd to Afrik worgo, Obasanjo hollitii wonde Nijeer naatataa e Olimpiyaaji 1976 sabu leydi Nuwel Selannde, tawtoraaɗo kawgel ngel, ina joginoo jokkondiral e Afrik worgo, leydi ndi haɗaa tawtoreede kawgel ngel sabu apartaayd. E hitaande 1977, Obasanjo haɗi kala kontraaji jokkondirɗi e Afrik worgo golloraade e nder leydi Nijeer ; sosiyateeji mawɗi ɗi njippii ɗii ko petroŋ Angalteer e Banke Barclays. E ndeen hitaande kadi, leydi Nijeer yuɓɓinii batu Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe ngam haɓaade apartaayd to Lagos, Obasanjo yilliima Amerik e lewru oktoobar ɗo o wiyi leydi ndii yo woppu yeeyde kaɓirɗe to Afrik worgo. Nde o woni nder leydi ndi'i o wolwi haa kawtal hoore lesdi ndi'i nden asaweeje ɗiɗi ɓaawo man Naajeeriya heɓi jooɗorde nder kawtal lesdi ndi'i. Fiilde Margaret Thatcher e hitaande 1979 ngam wonde gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi Angalteer, addani jokkondiral Angalteer e Niiseer bonnude ; Obasanjo miijii ko o yurmeende no feewi e laamuuji daneeji tokoosi e nder Afrik worgo Luulndaade laamu ɓaleeɓe tokosɓe e nder leydi Rodesi, addaniino hare Bush e nder leydi Rodesi, laamu Obasanjo ina jokki e wiyde wonde ko hare balɗe tan woni feere ngam foolde laamu Rodesi. O hirjinii ngootaagu hakkunde pelle ceertuɗe luulndiiɗe laamu toon, o wiyi Robert Mugabe, hooreejo ZANU, yo jaɓ ardaade luulndiiɗo makko, hono Joshua Nkomo mo ZAPU. E hitaande 1977, Angalteer e Amerik ciifi eɓɓaaɗe ngam waylude laamu ɓurngu heewde e Rodesi, e nder yonta mo leydi ndii woni e les njiimaandi doole Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe. Obasanjo jaɓii eɓɓaande ndee, o yilliima Tansani, Sammbi, Mosammbik, e Republiik Demokaratik Konngo ngam wiyde laamuuji mum en yo mbaɗ noon. Kono caggal nde Thatcher wonti gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi Angalteer, leydi Nijeer woɗɗitii hoore mum e darnde Angalteer ngam haɗde wolde Bush Rhodesian, o woppitaa kala darnde teeŋtunde e nder golle ɗe Angalteer waɗi, ɗe ngaddani wooteeji demokaraasi ɗi leƴƴi keewɗi mbaɗi e hitaande... Ko o hooreejo leydi, Obasanjo tawtoraama batuuji OAU. E oon sahaa yuɓɓinaa e lewru sulyee 1977, o eɓɓi sosde goomu jooɗiiɗo ngam haɓaade luural hakkunde leyɗeele jeyaaɗe e OAU. E batu 1978, o jeertinii wonde banngeeji ɗiɗi ɗii fof ina poti naatde e wolde huuɓtodinnde. E nder batu garoowo oo, o wiyi yo konu Pan-Afriknaajo sose, baawɗo waɗde golle ngam hisnude jam e nder duunde he. Ngam ɓamtuki darnde lesdi Naajeeriya nder duuniyaaru, Obasanjo nasti nder kuuɗe feere-feere ɗe lesdi Naajeeriya nder Afrika fuu. E hitaande 1977, o heɓtinii Benin e Togo yoo ndartin luural hakkunde keeri mum en, nguddita keeri mum en. O etinooma kadi haɓaade luural hakkunde leyɗeele keewɗe Fuɗnaange Afrik, o haɗa ɗum kadi ruttaade e Dental Fuɗnaange Afrik, kono o dañii heen caɗeele. Ko o hooreejo goomu jokkondire OAU, o etinooma jokkondire Ogaden hakkunde Ecoppi e Somali kono kadi o dañaani. O waawaano kadi feewnude luural peeñngal hakkunde Angalteer e leydi Konngo. E innde OAU, Obasanjo waɗii batu to Kano ngam haɓaade hare hakkunde leyɗeele Caad. Feddeeji keewɗi njaɓii darnude wolde, sosde laamu ngootaagu ngenndi, e accude konu leydi Najeriya ina waɗa jam. Hare nden noon jokki, Naajeeriya jaabtii e taƴde petroŋ mum to Caad. Koolol ɗiɗmol ko faati e hare ndee waɗii to Lagos e lewru ut 1979, ɗum addani laamu nguu sosde laamu nguu, ngu juutaani. E hitaande sakkitiinde e laamu makko konu, o ardii golle OAU ngam safrude wolde Saharaa hirnaange. Jaltugol laamu Laamu militeer en hawri ko e goomu ƴettugol doosɗe leydi ngam ƴettude doosgal kesal potngal huutoreede e nder mbayliigu laamu siwil. Goomu nguu hollitii wonde Naajeeriya ina foti waylude laamu mum, ngu tuugii ko e laamu parlemaa leydi Angalteer, ngu tuugnii e laamu hooreejo leydi Amerik, ɗo hooreejo leydi gooto cuɓaaɗo woni hooreejo leydi e hooreejo laamu. Ngam haɗude oo hooreejo leydi wontude diktatoor, hono no waɗirnoo e nokkuuji goɗɗi e nder Afrik nii, o ɗaɓɓi ƴeewndorɗe keewɗe e doole maɓɓe, haa arti noon e njuɓɓudi fedde nde, ɗo juɓɓule cuɓaaɗe keertiiɗe ngoni ɗoo e to bannge fedde, to bannge dowri, to bannge nokkuuji. Eɓɓaande doosgal leydi ndii yaltinaa ko e lewru oktoobar 1976, nde yeewtidaa e yeeso yimɓe fof e hitaande aroore ndee.Asamblee doosgal leydi hawri ngam yeewtidde e eɓɓaande doosgal leydi ndii e lewru oktoobar 1977. Asaambele leydi ndii ina jokki e ƴeewde hol darnde nde sariya sharia rokkata e nder doosgal leydi ndii. Obasanjo noddii dental ngal, o jeertini ɓe batte kuulal ngal ɓe mbaɗi e renndo, o wiyi ɓe yo ɓe ƴettu jikkuuji ɓurɗi moƴƴude. E lewru suwee 1978, Diiso toowngo konu (Conseil suprême militaire) habri doosɗe leydi kese ɗee ; nde waɗiino waylooji keewɗi e mbaydi ndi asaambele doosgal leydi ndii ƴetti. Yanti e doosgal kesal ngal, Obasanjo itti haɗde lanndaaji politik. Ndeen pelle keewɗe mbaɗii ngam tawtoreede wooteeji garooji ɗii, ko ɓuri teeŋtude heen ko lannda ngootaagu Yoruba, lannda yimɓe Naajeeriya, e lannda ngenndiijo Naajeeriya. Obasanjo mettini heen no feewi nde tawnoo heewɓe e dawriyankooɓe ina mbaɗa fodoore nde ɓe mbaawataa ɗooftaade. Woote ɗee mbaɗi ko e nder lewru sulyee e lewru ut 1979. Wootooɓe ɓee ina pamɗi, ko hakkunde 30 e 40% e wootooɓe winnditiiɓe e sariya, tee ina waɗi fenaande banngeeji keewɗi, hay so tawii noon ko jam. Wonno ko jeewte ko fayti e hol keɓɗo woote hooreleydaagu, Obasanjo salii ñaawde, o wiyi yo Komisariyaa woote ƴetta oon darnde.Ɓe kollitii wonde Shehu Shagari woni keɓɗo, huunde nde gardiiɗo ɗiɗaɓo oo, hono Obafemi Awolowo, luulndii to Ñaawirde Toownde, tawi o dañaani heen nafoore. Shagari ƴetti laamu ko e lewru oktoobar 1979 ; e nder kewu udditgol makko, Obasanjo rokki Shagari koppi doosgal leydi kesal. Ko ɗum woni fuɗɗoode Republique ɗiɗaɓere leydi Najeriya. Darnde Obasanjo nder wartirki lesdi Naajeeriya haa laamu siwil, ɗum laatoto darnde woore nde o jogi nder duuɓi cappanɗe ɗiɗi garooji. Kono yimɓe heewɓe e nder leydi ndii e caggal leydi, ina jeyaa heen hooreejo leydi Zambie, hono Kenneth Kaunda e hooreejo leydi Togo, hono Gnassingbé Eyadéma, ina ɗaɓɓi e makko yo o heddo e laamu. Jaɓde makko wallitde Awolowo, banndiiko Yoruba, addani mo gaño ko heewi e elite Yoruba. Awolowo tuumi Obasanjo ko kanko woni orkestraaji Shagari, huunde nde Obasanjo yeddi no feewi. Ko adii laamu (1979-1999) Ko adii nde o yaltata laamu, e lewru abriil 1979, Obasanjo ƴetti hoore mum e darnde seneraal ; ko o seneraal koode nay o jokki e heɓde njoɓdi dowla. Nde o woppi golle e lewru oktoobar, o arti Abeokuta. Caggal nde o waɗi kursus jonte jeegom to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde heblo ndema, Obasanjo ƴetti hoore mum e ndema, omo ɗaminii waɗde yeru e hirjinde ƴellitaare ndema. O heɓi ko famɗi fof 230 ektaar leydi to Ota ngam sosde ngesa makko, o naati ɗoon e galle ngesa birik. Wonno ko gaññeeje nokkuyankooje e dañde leydi ndi haa heewi, ñaawirɗe keewɗe ngaddaama e makko sabu ɗuum. Golle makko ndema yuɓɓinaama e fedde makko wiyeteende Temperance, caggal ɗuum o inniri ɗum « Obasanjo’s Farms Limited ». O waɗti heen hakkille teeŋtuɗo e ndema colli ; e cakkital kitaale 1980, ngesa makko ina ɓuuɓna 140 000 cukalel e yontere. O sosi kadi gese e nder gure goɗɗe to bannge worgo-fuɗnaange, e hitaande 1987 gese makko ina njogii ko ina tolnoo e 400 gollotooɗo e nokkuuji jeetati. Hono no yimɓe Yoruba woɗɓe lolluɓe nii, Obasanjo ina wallitnoo almudɓe miskineeɓe to duɗal makko ɓooyngal to Abeokuta. Obasanjo ɓeydii ñiŋde laamu siwil Shagari, o wiyi hooreejo leydi ndii ina famɗi semmbe, ina ŋakkiraa peeje. Naajeeriya nasti nder ɓillaaji faggudu ngam waylaaki coggu petrol nder duuniyaaru. E lewru mee 1983, mawɓe konu ɗaɓɓiri Obasanjo nde ƴettata laamu leydi ndii kadi, kono o salii. E lewru desaambar, ɓe liɓi Shagari tawi Obasanjo alaa heen, e nder kuudetaa mo yiyaani fitinaaji seeɗa. Muhammadu Buhari laati hooreejo lesdi sooje'en keso. Obasanjo fuɗɗii wallugo laamu Buhari, o wi'i demokaraasi wakiili'en ɗon ƴaɓɓitoo haa lesdi Naajeeriya. O yetti Buhari ngam haɓugo bee cemmbiɗinki lesdi, o ɗon mari feccere nder nastirde lesdi, nden o ɗon wartira budget booɗɗum. E lewru ut 1985, Buhari kadi liɓaama, hooreejo konu Ibraahiima Babangida ƴetti laamu. Obasanjo ina ñiŋa won e peeje faggudu ɗe Babangida waɗi, haa arti noon e ustude njoɓdi naira. E hitaande 1992, luulndaare makko e laamu Babangida addani mo noddude yo leydi Najeriya artire demokaraasi. O fuɗɗii kadi salaade politikaaji faggudu (indigenisation) e kitaale 1970, o wiyi doosɗe leydi ina poti haɗde ƴettugol jawdi caggal leydi. E nder ɗuum, o sikki laamu nguu ina foti teeŋtinde ƴellitaare nde laamu nguu ardii. O ɓeydii hulɓinaade ko ɓeydagol yimɓe, toɓɓere nde o yejjitaani nde o woni e laamu, o wiyi Naajeeriyankooɓe yo njogo ɓesnguuji tokoosi "ngam nafoore faggudu maɓɓe e renndo-faggudu ngenndi". E nder duuɓi sappo e go’o caggal nde Obasanjo woppi laamu, o yaltinii defte nay. E hitaande 1980, Obasanjo wonnoo ko tedduɗo to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Ibadan, ɗo o winndi deftere wiyeteende My Command, daartol ko faati e geɗe makko e nder wolde hakkunde leyɗeele ; nde yalti ko e lewru noowammbar ndeen hitaande. Won e janngooɓe ñiŋii ko ɓe njiyri ko Obasanjo ina ŋakkira Murtala Muhammed, Robert Adeyinka Adebayo, mawɗo politik Yoruba, wiyi yo deftere ndee yaltine ngam haɗde nde aawde feccere. Ƴeewirde ɓurnde moƴƴude ndee waɗi ko sehil makko, hono Ken Saro-Wiwa, o innitiri ɗum masterly kono o sikki ko ɗum waɗi ballal rewindaade no feewi. E hitaande 1987, o yaltini Nzeogwu, deftere ciimtol sehil makko Chukwuma Nzeogwu, mo o gollodtonoo to Konngo. Hitaande 1989, deftere Obasanjo yaltini, wiyeteende Doosgal leydi ngam naatgol e ƴellitaare, nde o jeertini e hujjaaji Babangida ngam sosde laamu lanndaaji ɗiɗi e nder leydi Najeriya. E hitaande 1990, deftere makko tataɓere, wiyeteende Not my volonté yalti. Nde rokki ciimtol sahaa nde o laaminoo leydi ndii. Golle hakkunde leyɗeele: 1979-1993 E hitaande 1986 Obasanjo jokkondiri e Nelson Manndelaa. O hollitii wonde "ko kawral ngal meeɗaa yejjiteede. Mi yiyii e [Mandelaa] Afriknaajo worgo, ko Afriknaajo tigi rigi, kadi ko gardiiɗo winndere mo alaa ko woni e mum. O ɓuri ardiiɓe ɓe min kawri e mum en e nder Afrik worgo ɓee fof." E yiɗde jogaade semmbe e dingiral winnderewal, Obasanjo udditi Fedde Ardorde Afrik e nder ngesa mum Ota. Tuggi 1981 haa 1982, o jooɗiima kadi e Komiseer Palme, fedde nde gonnooɗo gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi Suwed, hono Olof Palme ardii, yeewtidnde ko fayti e ustude kaɓirɗe e kisal winndere. Obasanjo rewi heen ko e jeyeede e goomuuji nannduɗi e ɗii ɗoo, wonande Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe, Fedde Adunaare Cellal, e Goomu hakkunde-leyɗeewu ardiiɓe laamuuji ɓooyɗi. Nde Javier Pérez de Cuéllar, hooreejo Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe rafi, Obasanjo hiisetee ko potɗo lomtaade mo. Caggal nde Pérez de Cuéllar holliti woppii laamu, Obasanjo fuɗɗii kampaañ ngam lomtaade mo. E woote Goomu Kisal Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe, o woni tataɓo, tawi ko Boutros Boutros-Ghali, Ejiptnaajo, ƴetti darnde ndee. O yalti galle makko e njilluuji keewɗi; e hitaande 1986 o yilliima Japon, e hitaande 1987 o yilliima U.S. E nder luural hakkunde leyɗeele dentuɗe Amerik ngam yiɗde ɓurde yooɗde e Afrik worgo, nanondiraama wonde fedde wiyeteende Eminent Persons Group (EPG) ina sosee ngam fuɗɗoraade kaaldigal e laamu Afrik worgo ngam wallitde ɗum e ustude apartaayd. E dow wasiyaaji cukko hooreejo leydi Naajeeriya, hono Emeka Anyaoku, Obasanjo suɓaama ngam ardaade fedde nde e wonndude e gonnooɗo gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi Ostarali, hono Malcolm Fraser. Obasanjo jaɓi e dow fenaande. E lewru feebariyee 1986, kanko e Fraser ɓe njahi to wuro wiyeteengo Cape Town ɗo ɓe naamndii ngam hawritde e Nelson Manndelaa, daraniiɗo apartaayd, tergal mawngal e nder fedde wiyeteende Congres National Africaine (ANC) haɗaande. Ko Obasanjo tan yamiraa jokkondirde e Manndelaa ; o wiyi caggal ɗuum wonde omo weltii e makko no feewi. Ndeen Obasanjo hawrii e mawɓe ANC wonɓe e egguɓe to Lusaka. E lewru marse 1986, EPG oo fof yilliima Afrik worgo, e nder yonta mo jiiɓru e fitinaaji nder galleeji ɓeydii mawnude.Ko ɗoon ɓe kawri e mawɓe laamu nguu, ina jeyaa heen gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi ndii hono P. W. Botha, mo Obasanjo siftini caggal ɗuum wonde ko neɗɗo ɓurɗo muñde mo meeɗaa hawrude. Ciimtol EPG ngol hollitii wonde, so tawii ko ɓuri heewde e yimɓe Afrik worgo ina njiɗi nanondiral ngal alaa ko bonnata hakkunde laamu nguu e pelle luulndiiɗe apartaayd, gadano oo yiɗaa miijaade ɗum, tee alaa ko yahri yeeso no feewi ngam joofnude apartaayd. EPG noon hollitii wonde ina haani ɓeydaade tiiɗnaade e nder winndere ndee. Goomu Commonwealth jaɓii ko ciimtol ngol holliti, tawi Angalteer ina luulndii ɗum ; ɗum addani Obasanjo ɓeydaade mettinde Thatcher. Ndeen Commonwealth yamirii mo yo o ardo goomu ngam yuurnitaade ko Dowlaaji Dentuɗi ɗii poti daranaade koye mum en e njiimaandi Afrik worgo. Caggal nde Botha lomtinaa F. W. de Klerk, ooɗoo ɗiɗaɓo yaltini Manndelaa kasoo. Ina jeyaa e ɗanle Mandelaa gadane caggal leydi, to Niiseer, ɗo o yilli Obasanjo to galle mum. Lebbi ɗiɗi caggal ɗuum, Obasanjo ardii delegaasiyoŋ Najeriya to Afrik worgo ngam yeewtidde e yimɓe mawɓe politik. E lewru suwee 1991, o yilliima kadi, o wiyi hooreejo Zulu en, hono Mangosuthu Buthelezi, yo waɗ kaaldigal e pelle goɗɗe ngam wallitde dartinde apartaayd e waɗde woote timmuɗe. Obasanjo kadi golliima e ƴellitaare nokkuuji goɗɗi e nder Afrik. O yilliima Angalteer laabi ɗiɗi e nder hitaande 1988, o wallitii e darnde ngam joofnude wolde hakkunde leyɗeele toon. O yilliima kadi Sudaan laabi tati hakkunde 1987 e 1989, tawi o dañaani heen nafoore, o hirjinii kaaldigal ngam joofnude wolde ɗiɗmere Sudaan. Ndeen o wonii ƴeewoowo e wooteeji gardagol leydi Mosammbik e hitaande 1994. E hitaande 1994 e 1995, o yilliima Burundi, o golliima ngam deeƴnude caɗeele hakkunde leƴƴi Hutu en e Tutsi en. O fuɗɗinooma noddude jokkondiral ɓurngal ɓadaade e nder Afrik, o wiyi ɗum ina waawi heɓtineede e sosde feddeeji jeegom diiwaanuuji. E lewru suwee 1987, o ƴettiino peeje ngam yuɓɓinde Fedde Ardorde Afrik, nde wallitta rokkude karallaagal e heblo wonande politikaaji ummoriiɗi e duunde he kala. Nde fuɗɗii waɗde batuuji, anndiraaɗi « Dialogues de la maison de la ferme » , gila e galle Obasanjo fotde laabi jeegom e nder hitaande. Kadi nde waɗii batuuji winndereeji kala lewru, nde yaltinii jaaynde kala lewru, wiyeteende “Forum Afrique” hakkunde 1991 e 1993. Haɓde e Abacha: 1992-1995 Obasanjo hollitii kulhuli mum, sibu, hay so tawii o wiyi ina wallita gartugol demokaraasi, Babangida alaa ko anniyaaki so wonaa woppude laamu konu. Caggal nde wooteeji gardagol leydi ndi ndarnaa e hitaande 1992, Obasanjo e Anthony Enahoro ndarni fedde ngam demokaraasi e laamu moƴƴu e nder leydi Najeriya. Joɗnde adannde fedde ndee hawri ko e 31 neɗɗo politik nder leydi to Ota e lewru mee 1993. Wooteeji mbaɗi caggal ɗuum e lewru suwee 1993, tawi yimɓe seeɗa tawtoraama. Moshood Abiola mo lannda Social Democratic (SDP) heɓi, kono Babangida ndeen woppii njeñtudi woote ɗee, fodaniino woote ɗiɗmere ko ɓooyaani. SDP salii kala woote ɗiɗmere nde tawnoo ɓe mbiyi ko kanndidaa maɓɓe heɓiino woote gadane ɗee. Ndeen Babangida jaɓii woppude laamu ngam suɓaade laamu siwil jooɗiiɗo, ngu Ernest Shonekan ardii, ngu heɓi laamu e lewru ut 1993, ngu ƴetti peeje ngam waɗde wooteeji kesi e lewru feebariyee 1994. Seneraal Sani Abacha siftinii gooto e gorko gooto, mo wondude e do-gooders woɗɓe, eɓɓi ñaamde wumre ndee. Heddiiɓe ɓee mbayliima tan, oo Samariyanke nannduɗo e moƴƴo [...] arti ngam ƴettude pot suukara e juuɗe wumre ndee ngam hoore mum. Kadi, ko ɓuri heewde e men Nijeernaaɓe, ko en ƴeewooɓe, en mbeltiima. E nder kala sababuuji, ŋakkaani tawtoraaɓe e ñaamde ndee. Kadi ɓe ngoppaani batte moraal. — Obasanjo, e dow kuudetaa Sani Abacha, hitaande 1994 E oon sahaa, Sani Abacha tiiɗtinii doole mum e konu, e lewru noowammbar 1993, o felliti Shonekan yo woppu laamu, o acci hoore makko ƴettude laamu. Obasanjo noddiino Abacha ko adii kuudetaa oo, ina ñaagii ɗum nde woppataa ngalɗoo laawol. Caggal nde Abacha heɓti laamu, o wiyi Obasanjo yo jokkondir e makko. Ko sakkitii koo waɗii, kono salii wallitde laamu Abacha haa nde anndini ñalngu ngu yaltata e hoore mum. Ndeen Abacha momtii lanndaaji politik gonɗi ɗii e juɓɓule demokaraasiije, o noddi politikaaji ummoriiɗi e nokkuuji ceertuɗi yo naata e Diisnondiral makko Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe ; Obasanjo salii toɗɗaade hay gooto e ndeeɗoo diiso. Obasanjo fuɗɗi jeertinde wonde Naajeeriya ina yahra e wolde hakkunde leyɗeele woɗnde e nder feccere leƴƴi, e lewru mee 1994 kanko e Yar'Adua ɓe ndarni fedde wiyeteende National Unity Promoters, fedde daraniinde haɗde ndeeɗoo feere. E lewru Juko, Abiola anndini hoore mum hooreejo lesdi Naajeeriya, nden o nanngaama ngam janfa. Hay so tawii Obasanjo saliima jaɓde haala Abiola, o wasiyiima Abacha nde woppataa ɗum. Ndeen o ardiima fedde ardiiɓe aadaaji e batu ngu ɓe ndarni ngam fuɗɗoraade kaaldigal hakkunde Abacha e Abiola. Jaɓugo maako wallugo Abiola mettini Yoruba'en ɗuuɗɓe, jawdi Obasanjo haa lesdi Yoruba'en ɗon ƴama.Obasanjo mettini bee ko o yi'i bana jukkungo ngam o wallitaako nafuuda sectari'en Yoruba'en. E lewru marse 1995, Obasanjo ina wonnoo to leydi Danemark ngam tawtoreede batu Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe ngam ɓamtaare renndo to Kopenhag. Nde o woni ton, o nani Yar'Adua nanngaama, malla o heɓan bana non to o warti Naajeeriya. O wiyi noon o wiyi alaa ko o waɗi, o felliti hootde. Waɗi sahaa gooto to Aeroport Lagos, passport makko nanngaa, janngo mum, polis ƴetti mo e galle makko Ota. Polis tuumi Obasanjo ina jokkondiri e kuudetaa mo Abacha waɗi, mo kolonel Lawan Gwadabe yuɓɓini. Obasanjo nawtaama hakkunde nokkuuji deentorɗi ceertuɗi, tawi gonnooɗo hooreejo leydi Amerik hono Carter e hoore mum jokkondirii e Abacha ngam ɗaɓɓude yo Obasanjo woppe. Ndeen Obasanjo artiraama to Ota, o waɗtaa e kasoo fotde lebbi ɗiɗi, e nder ɗuum o haɗaama heɓde jaayɗe, telefoŋ, walla njilluuji. Goɗɗo e tuumaaɗo wonde ina jeyaa e kuudetaa oo, hono Kolonel RSB Bello-Fadile, awokaa konu, ina wondi e caɗeele, e nder ɗuum o siifondiri e bayyinaango wonde o yahiino to Ota ngam humpitaade Obasanjo ko fayti e kuudetaa oo no woniri e peewnugol. Ɗum huutoraama ngam seedeeji ngam ñaawde Obasanjo e suuɗde fenaande, ko ɗum huunde nde sariyaaji leydi Najeriya mbaɗi.Ndeen o nawaama to nokku naamne kisal leydi ndii to Ikoyi. Abacha wiyi yo Obasanjo ñaawe e yeeso ñaawirdu konu, ñaawirdu nduu waɗi ñalnde 19 suwee 1995. E nder ñaawoore ndee, Obasanjo yedditii wonde RSB Bello-Fadile meeɗaa hawrude e makko. RSB Bello-Fadile kadi hollitii wonde o siifondirii e bayyinaango ngo Obasanjo jogori waɗde e dow doole, kono ñaawirdu nduu saliima ndeeɗoo ruttaade. Ñalnde 14 sulyee, ñaawirde ndee ñaawi Obasanjo duuɓi 25 kasoo ; Yar'Adua e woɗɓe sappo e nayo kadi tuumaaɗo wonde e nder fedde nde, ñaawaama warngo.Obasanjo caggal ɗuum noddi ɗum "ñalngu mum ɓurngu mettude". Caggal nde hooreejo leydi Amerik biyeteeɗo Bill Clinton holliti wonde leydi mum ina jogori haɗde petroŋ leydi Naajeeriya so tawii ɗeen warngooji mbaɗii, Abacha wayli ñaawoore maɓɓe, o ustii ñaawoore Obasanjo haa duuɓi 15. Kasoo: 1995-1998 Obasanjo waɗi lebbi nay garooji ɗii ko e nokku biyeteeɗo Ikoyi Centre, ɗo o fuɗɗii nanngeede e nder kasoo gooto. Ndeen o nawaama to kasoo mawɗo Lagos, Kirikiri, ɗo o woni e opitaal kasoo ngam rafi hipertension e jabet. Sarɗiiji Kirikiri ina keewi, ina ŋakki, Obasanjo wiyi wonde « yiɗaa ɗum e gaño am ɓurɗo bonde ». Ko ɗoon RSB Bello-Fadile ñaagii Obasanjo yaafuya sabu mum ƴattaade ɗum, Obasanjo yaafni ɗum. Ndeen winndannde nde RSB Bello-Fadile winndi ngam humpitaade ngonka kaa, yaltinaama e kasoo, yaltinaa, wallitii hollirde wonde Obasanjo alaa ko o waɗi. Caggal jonte keewɗe, Obasanjo e woɗɓe tuumaaɓe waɗde fedde ndee, njaltinaama to kasoo Jos to diiwaan hakkundeejo, to diiwaan Plateau ɗo ɓe ngoni lebbi keewɗi. Obasanjo fuɗɗinoo hokkaama tan ko Biibal e Quraana ngam janngude, kono seeɗa-seeɗa o acci binndi ɓurɗi yaajde. Binndol kadi ina rokka mo, ina addana mo jokkondirde e yimɓe e juɓɓule ceertuɗe, haa jooni Stella ina jaɓa yillaade mo lewru kala laawol gootol. Mandelaa e Pape Jean Paul II fof noddii yo o woppe, tawi noon sosiyeteeji Inndo e Almaañ fof ina ndokki mo njeenaaje winndereeje.Forum ardorde Afrik yaltinii defte ɗiɗi ɓataakeeji e binndanɗe binndaaɗe ngam teddinde mo ; Forum oo e hoore mum dogiino ummoraade Accra to Ganaa ngam daɗde e tooñanngeeji laamu Abacha. E fuɗɗoode hitaande 1996, Obasanjo ummiima Jos, fayti e kasoo ɓurɗo woɗɗude to Yola, to diiwaan Adamawa. Ko ɗoon o jaɓaa remde gesa.[194] Obasanjo hollitii wonde e nder kasoo o ɓeydii luggiɗde e goonɗinal makko e Kerecee’en, o ɓadtii Alla,[194] o wonti Kerecee’en jibinaaɗo.[195] Gila ndeen, diine kerecee en ina joginoo darnde ɓurnde mawnude e nder yi’annde makko aduna. To Yola, o waajii 28 waaju yontere kala caggal nde jaagorɗe njilluuji ndartinaa e wakkati seeɗa. O winndi ɗeen waajuuji, o acci ɗi njaltina nde o yalti.[195] Obasanjo kadi etinooma moƴƴinde yoga e sukaaɓe kasoo, rewrude e yahrude yeeso maɓɓe nde o wonti neɗɗo dimo.[196] Obasanjo hulii wonde maa o tooke, haa teeŋti noon e nder haalaaji renndo wonde maayde Yar'adua ko tooke anniya.[197] Abacha sankii ɗoon e ɗoon e lewru suwee 1998, caggal ɗuum komanndaaji konu nguu toɗɗii Seneraal Major Abdulsalaami Abubakar lomto makko. Yontere caggal mum, Abubakar yamiri yo Obasanjo woppe, o neldi laana ndiwoowa ngam artirde mo to Ota.[197] E yiɗde wartirde leydi Naajeeriya e laamu siwil, Abubakar fusi lanndaaji e juɓɓule leydi ndi gonɗe heen ɗee, o anndini peeje ɗe ngaddanta hooreejo leydi siwil toɗɗaade e lewru mee 1999.[198] Kampaañ ngam suɓaade hooreejo leydi : 1998-1999 Jooni ko o neɗɗo dimo, Obasanjo yahiino Afrik worgo, Angalteer, e Amerik, ɗo o safraa.[199] Lanndaaji politik kesi ina mbaɗa e nder leydi Najeriya, gooto e ɓurɓe mawnude e majji ko lannda Demokaraasi Leƴƴi (PDP), fedde nde yiɗnoo ko yaajde no feewi, so tawii ko e laamu, nde haɗata kuudetaaji garooji.[199] Terɗe PDP mawɗe ndartinii Obasanjo ngam wonde kanndidaa hooreejo leydi. Ɓe cikkatnoo ko omo waawi yamirde teddungal winnderewal, kadi ko o neɗɗo militeer, omo waawi jogaade leydi ndii e dow kuudetaaji garooji e dille seertuɗe. Ɓe mbi'i kadi Naajeeriya ɗon mari haaje hooreejo lesdi fombina ngam foondugo ardungal maako arandewal haa woyla, nden Obasanjo holli hoore maako bana fombina mo walaa ƴamol dow fombina.[200] Sehilaaɓe e ɓesngu ina mbiya yo o dog, mbiyi o bonnat innde makko moƴƴere walla o wara. Obasanjo hollitii wonde o saliima, kono ñalnde 28 lewru nduu o naati e lannda PDP, yontere caggal ɗuum o hollitii wonde o woni ko e waɗde hoore makko ngam wonde kanndidaa hooreejo lannda ka.[201] E nder kampaañ makko, o teeŋtinii yiɗde makko artirde ko o sikki ko ndonu laamu moƴƴu nde o yalti e laamu e hitaande 1979.[202] E nder dingiral mooftugol kaalis, o dañii N356 miliyoŋ, heen N120 miliyoŋ ko njulaagu Aliko Dangote rokki ɗum. Ko ɓuri heewde e ɗeen dokke ummorii ko e worɓe militeer en e njuɓɓudi njulaagu kesiri.[202] O yilliima leydi ndii, o waɗii konnguɗi e ɗaɓɓude heɗtiiɓe e yimɓe teeŋtuɓe ; ƴamde guwerneeruuji dowlaaji ko huunde maantiniinde e mbaadi makko.[203] Kampaañ makko ina ɓuuɓna kampaañ makko mawɗo, hono Alex Ekwueme, mo yimɓe worgo e konu nguu ngoongɗinaani no feewi.[204] PDP ina heɓa leydi e nder leydi Najeriya, ina hollita wonde ko kañum woni lannda ɓurka waawde e nder wooteeji laamu nokkuuji ɗii e lewru Duujal 1998, e wooteeji diiwaanuuji ɗii e lewru Yarkomaa 1999, e wooteeji Senaa e suudu sarɗiiji e lewru Feebariyee 1999.[205] Ñalnde 14 feebariyee 1999, batu PDP noddaa ngam suɓaade kanndidaa mum to hooreejo leydi. Obasanjo heɓi 1 658 woote, Ekwueme heɓi 521, e kanndidaaji joy keddiiɗi ɗii 260.[206] E ɗaɓɓude neɗɗo worgo ngam wonde cukko hooreejo leydi PDP, Obasanjo suɓii Atiku Abubakar.[207] Woote hooreleydaagu mbaɗi ko ñalnde 27 feebariyee ; Ko Olu Falae mo APP tan woni luutndiiɗo Obasanjo. Fotde feccere e fotɓe suɓaade ɓee mbaɗii noon, won heen ko fenaande hay so tawii alaa ko bonnata. Taƴre laawɗunde ndee rokkii Obasanjo 63% e wooteeji ɗii ; ko kanko woni majjuɗo e nder dowlaaji jeegom ɗii fof e nder leydi makko Yoruba.[208] Hooreejo leydi (1999-2007) Manndaa gadano (1999-2003) Siile hooreejo leydi Naajeeriya Caggal nde o riiwti ɗum, Obasanjo naati e nder galle hooreejo leydi to Aso Rock e lewru mee 1999 caggal nde o hunni hooreejo leydi to Eagle Square to Abuja.[209] Nde o toɗɗii laamu maako kesu, o suɓi ministaajo ɗuuɗɗum diga woylaare lesdi Naajeeriya, koo ngam ko ɓuri ɗuuɗugo nder maɓɓe woni Kirista'en, ɗum mettini woɓɓe juulɓe woylaare lesdi Naajeeriya. Ɓeen ñiŋooɓe ina keewi sifaade wonde kabine Obasanjo ina ɓooyi no feewi, ina ŋakkiraa humpito, haa teeŋti noon so tawii ko e geɗe faggudu.[210] E nder laamu makko gadano, toɓɓe ndimaagu ɗe Naajeeriya’en keɓata ɓeydii; ndimaagu jaayndeeji ina addana hooreejo leydi ndi ñiŋde no feewi.[211] E nder lebbi gadani laamu makko, Obasanjo woppii fotde 200 ofisee militeer, tawi heen 93 fof ina njogii jappeere politik, ɗum noon ko kuudetaa mo ofiseeji keewɗi humpito mbaɗata ina famɗi.[209] O ummini kadi ministeer defansiyoŋ gila Lagos haa Abuja, ngam tabitinki ɗum waddaama les njiimaandi laamu ɓurndi laaɓtude.[209] Manndaa ɗiɗaɓo (2003-2007) Obasanjo suɓaama kadi e woote 2003 ɗe njuumtaani, tawi ina waɗi caɗeele leƴƴi e diineeji. Gaño makko mawɗo, gonnooɗo laamɗo konu Seneraal Muhammadu Buhari, ko juulɗo, o heɓi ballal makko ko ɓuri heewde ko e fuɗnaange. Obasanjo heɓi 61,8% e woote ɗe, o fooli Buhari ko ɓuri miliyoŋaaji 11 woote.[212] E lewru noowammbar 2003, Obasanjo ñiŋaama sabu kuulal mum rokkude asilo hooreejo leydi Liberiya, hono Charles Taylor.[213] Ñalnde 12 lewru juko hitaande 2006, o siifondiri nanondiral Greentree e hooreejo leydi Kameruun Paul Biya nanondiral ngal joofniri luural keeri hakkunde duunde Bakassi.[214] Hay so tawii Senaa leydi Najeriya ƴettii kuulal ngam wiyde wonde ittugol konu leydi Najeriya e nder duunde Bakassi ko huunde nde fotaani, Obasanjo rokki yamiroore nde jokkata no haanirta nii.[215] E manndaa makko ɗiɗaɓo, Obasanjo jokki e daranaade yaajnude doole polis leydi ndii, haa arti noon e 325 000 polis e hitaande 2007.[216] Fitinaaji laddeeji jokkuɗi hakkunde juulɓe e kerecee en e nder diiwaan Plateau addani Obasanjo bayyinde toon laamu nguu e lewru mee 2004, o dartini laamu diiwaan oo, o darni laamu konu lebbi jeegom.[217] Ñalnde 22 lewru nduu hitaande 2005, guwerneer diiwaan Abia e oon sahaa, hono Orji Uzor Kalu, rokki EFCC ɗaɓɓaande ngam tuumaade wonde Obasanjo waɗii golle bonɗe.[218] Ajenda manndaa tataɓo Obasanjo ina wondi e luural ko fayti e « Agenda mum tataɓo » , woni peeje ngam waylude doosgal leydi ndii mbele omo waawa jogaade manndaa tataɓo, duuɓi nay, e gardagol leydi ndii. Ɗum waɗii ƴamol nder jaayndeeji siyaasaaku nder Naajeeriya, nden boo kuugal ngal jaɓaaka nder Asamblee lesdi.[219][220] Ko ɗum waɗi Obasanjo woppi laamu caggal wooteeji gardagol leydi e lewru abriil 2007.[221] E nder yeewtere hesere nde o waɗdunoo e teleeji Channels, Obasanjo saliima jeyeede e ko wiyetee « Ajenda tataɓo ». O wi'i ɗum Asamblee lesdi Naajeeriya ɗon mari limngal limngal limngal limngal lesdi Naajeeriya. Obasanjo wiyi : "mi meeɗaa fiyde miijo manndaa tataɓo."[222] Ajenda manndaa tataɓo Obasanjo ina wondi e luural ko fayti e « Agenda mum tataɓo » , woni peeje ngam waylude doosgal leydi ndii mbele omo waawa jogaade manndaa tataɓo, duuɓi nay, e gardagol leydi ndii. Ɗum waɗii ƴamol nder jaayndeeji siyaasaaku nder Naajeeriya, nden boo kuugal ngal jaɓaaka nder Asamblee lesdi.[219][220] Ko ɗum waɗi Obasanjo woppi laamu caggal wooteeji gardagol leydi e lewru abriil 2007.[221] E nder yeewtere hesere nde o waɗdunoo e teleeji Channels, Obasanjo saliima jeyeede e ko wiyetee « Ajenda tataɓo ». O wi'i ɗum Asamblee lesdi Naajeeriya ɗon mari limngal limngal limngal limngal lesdi Naajeeriya. Obasanjo wiyi : "mi meeɗaa fiyde miijo manndaa tataɓo."[222] Obasanjo ñaawaama e juuɗe mawɓe politik e nder sagata Agenda manndaa tataɓo. Senator Ken Nnamani, hooreejo suudu joonde diidaaɗi lesdi Naajeeriya, wi'i Obasanjo anndini mo dow ajendaaji ɗin ɓaawo o laati hooreejo suudu joonde diidaaɗi lesdi Naajeeriya. O wiyi : "Ɗoon e ɗoon, ngon-mi hooreejo senaa, o haalani mi anniya makko, o haalani mi no o yiɗiri heɓde ɗum. Miin e fuɗɗoode mi ƴettataa mo no feewi haa kewuuji ɗii puɗɗii feeñde." O hollitii kadi wonde Miliyaaruuji jeetati (8) Naira njaltinaama ngam wallitde depiteeji ɗii ngam wallitde ajendaaji ɗii, o naamndii : « hol no neɗɗo waawirta haalde nii tawa o anndaa ɗum, tee kaalis, e kaalis leydi ndii e kaalis leydi ndii fof, ina wayla juuɗe ». Femi Gbajabiamila tabbitini haala Nnamani ammaa o waɗi limngal man feere-feere, o wi'i: "Kaalis man hawti bee miliyaaruuji N10. Hol no N10bn wurtinirtee nder ceede lesdi ngam eɓɓoore nde a woni hooreejo jooɗiiɗo, ammaa nden eɓɓoore laataaki miijo ma? Toy ceede man iwdi?" E nder haalaaji garooji ɗii, Nnamani wiyi wonde hooreejo leydi Amerik hono George W. Bush jeertinii Obasanjo nde woppataa peeje mum ngam tawtoreede woote gardagol leydi e manndaa tataɓo. O wiyi : "so aɗa yiɗi hoolkisaade wonde gorko oo ina haala fenaande tan, ƴettu deftere nde Condoleezza Rice, gonnooɗo jaagorgal leydi Amerik winndi. Ko goonga ko deftere nde Rice winndi. E hello 628 walla hello 638, o yeewtidii e Obasanjo, no o yiɗiri hawrude e hooreejo leydi Ameriknaajo oo, no o yiyri hooreejo leydi Ameriknaajo oo ina waawi waylude doosgal leydi ndii mbele omo waawa yahde e manndaa tataɓo, Bush wiyi mo yo o woppu ɗum, o yalta haa ñalnde 29 mee 2007."[223] Politik faggudu, renndo e caggal leydi Politik faggudu Obasanjo e wondude e laamɗo leydi Iran e hitaande 1999 E ngalu petrol, Obasanjo sosi Komitiiru Ƴellitaare Delta Niger, o huutorii Porogaraam Jaŋde leslesre winndereyankoore ngam ɓeydude jaŋde leslesre Naajeeriya. O sosi Komiseer keeriiɗo toppitiiɗo golle bonɗe e Komiseer toppitiiɗo bonanndeeji faggudu e kaalis. Wuurtinii Sosiyetee ngenndiijo njulaagu to Kaduna e (Onne) Port Harcourt. Obasanjo ɓeydi geɗal njoɓdi petroŋ e renndo to dowla iwdi mum gila e 3 haa 13 e nder teemedere.[224] Ko adii laamu Obasanjo, ɓeydagol PIB leydi Nijeer ina muusi no feewi gila 1987, tee ina jokki tan e 3% hakkunde 1999 e 2000. Kono, e laamu Obasanjo, ɓeydagol ngol ɓeydiima fotde laabi ɗiɗi haa 6% haa o woppi laamu, tawi noon ina walliti ɗum e feccere e ɓeydagol coggu petroŋ. Resooji leydi Naajeeriya ko ɓuri miliyaaruuji ɗiɗi dolaar e hitaande 1999 haa miliyaaruuji 43 dolaar nde ɓe njalti laamu e hitaande 2007.[225] O dañii yaafuya ñamaale e fedde Pari e Londres fotde 18 miliyaar dolaar, o yoɓi kadi 18 miliyaar dolaar goɗɗo ngam woppude ñamaale. Ko vuri heewde e ziin njovdiiji mooftaama e njovdi njulaagu juutndi e nder yontere nde. (Toɓɓere feewnitagol). Ko ɓuri heewde e ɗeen ñamaale mooftaama wonaa e fenaande kono ko e yontaaji 1982–85 nde Naajeeriya huutorii laamu toppitiingu mbayliigu nguu, ngu rokki denndaangal njulaagu nguu e banke mawɗo leydi Nijeer. Nde Obasanjo heɓi laamu, faggudu leydi Najeriya wonnoo ko e caɗeele. Inflation ina yahra e 30% e hitaande e nder kitaale 1990 fof, e hitaande 2001 fotde 20% e mawɓe leydi Najeriya ina ngala golle.[226] Baasal ina yaaji, laamu Obasanjo ina yiɗi ustude ɗum e yoɓde N3,500 lewru kala fotde 200,000 neɗɗo ngam waɗde golle gaadoraaɗe ko wayi no ɓuuɓnude e moƴƴinde laabi.[226] Ndeen eɓɓoore lomtinaama e Porogaraam ngenndiijo ngam haɓaade baasal, jowitiingal e ƴellitde golle sukaaɓe, e njuɓɓudi teeru, e reende.[226] E hitaande 2000, laamu Obasanjo ɓeydi njoɓdi ɓurndi famɗude ndi sariya yamiri ndii laabi ɗiɗi.[227] O noddi Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe (FMI) ngam ƴeewtaade faggudu leydi Najeriya e rokkude wasiyaaji no moƴƴiri ɗum;[228] ɓe njeertinii wonde laamu nguu ina heewi ñamlude.[227] E hitaande 2001, Obasanjo hollitii hoore mum "ko o goongɗinɗo njuɓɓudi luumo", o hollitii wonde o yiyii bonneede ko "njuɓɓudi bonndi e nder sekteer laamu" addani mo.[229] Kono, nde o holliti darnde makko e nanondiral Washington ngam luumooji rimɗi, e privatisation, e ŋakkeende ngalu laamu, ngalu laamu nguu e feccere PIB ɓeydiima gila e 29% e hitaande 1997 haa 50% e hitaande 2001.[229] E lewru Yarkomaa hitaande 2000, Naajeeriya heɓi nyamande miliyaaruuji 1 dolaar Amerik, ko ɗum addani laamu nguu naatde e kaaldigal ngam waylude ñamaale mum e ñamaale mum.[228] Laamu Obasanjo naftoriima coggu petroŋ toowngu e nder winndere ndee e manndaa mum gadano. Nde anniyii kadi ɓeydude petroŋ leydi Naajeeriya e ɓeydude keewal gaasuuji ɓuuɓɗi, ɗi puɗɗii yaltineede e leydi ndii e hitaande 1999.[230] Obasanjo fellitii momtude ballal petroŋ, ɓeyda coggu nguu haa yettoo tolno njulaagu. Kongres gollooɓe leydi Naajeeriya noddi seppo mawngo ngam seppude ngam salaade lewru Juko hitaande 2000 e Obasanjo sakkitii, o ustii ballal ngal, wonaa ittude ngal. Ngolɗoo ngonka addani Obasanjo hollirde wonde ko "gaño miskineeɓe" e miijo renndo.[231] Ngam ɓeydude ustude njoɓdi, Obasanjo wayliima e privatisation, o sosi Diiso ngenndiijo ko faati e privatisation e lewru sulyee 1999. Nde o heɓi laamu, laamu fedde nde ina joginoo 588 sosiyetee laamu, tawi ko ina tolnoo e 55% e ñamaale caggal leydi, Obasanjo ina yaakorii wonde ko heewi e ɗeen, hay so tawii noon ɗe mbaawaa wonde in2. Privatization yiɗaama e yimɓe leydi Najeriya, ko 35% tan ɓe keɓi ballal e wiyde wiɗto miijo hitaande 2000.[233] Obasanjo kadi ina yiɗi kaaldigal ngam ustude ñamaale.[234] O hollitii wonde ñamaale leydi Naajeeriya ina keewi no feewi, ina mbonna faggudu mum e demokaraasi mum. Hay so tawii Kanadaa, Itali e Amerik ndartinii ñamaale leydi Nijeer, ɗeen ñamaale ina pamɗi, ñamaale mawɗe leydi ndii, ɓurɗe mawnude heen ko Angalteer, njaɓaani.[235] Obasanjo ɗon tuuma caɗeele faggudu lesdi Naajeeriya ɗuuɗɗe dow fenaande;[236] nder hitaande 2000, fedde Transparency International limti ɗum lesdi ɓurdundi fenaande nder duniyaaru.[229] Balɗe seeɗa caggal nde o heɓi laamu o hollitii kuulal ngam haɓaade fenaande to Asaambele ngenndi, hay so tawii noon ɗum jibinii luulndaare mawnde e juuɗe ñaawooɓe cikkatnooɓe ko ɗum rokki laamu nguu doole ɓurɗe heewde. Nanondiral waɗii ngam ustude eɓɓooje Obasanjo, addani mo siynude sariya keso oo e lewru suwee 2000.[236] Alaa ko holliti wonde njulaagu ustiima e nder leydi Najeriya e nder manndaa Obasanjo gadano, laamu makko waɗaani hay huunde ngam ƴeewtaade njulaagu nguu e nder leydi Najeriya, ngu yaaji e nder laamuuji diiwaan e laamuuji nokkuuji.[229] Obasanjo ina wondi e hooreejo leydi Riisi Valadimir Putin to Kremlin e hitaande 2001 Cellal renndo kadi ko huunde tiiɗnde e nder leydi Nijeer. E nder kitaale 1990, Naajeeriya ina yoɓnoo fotde 0,2% e PIB mum ngam wallitde cellal renndo, ko ɗum woni ko ɓuri famɗude e winndere ndee. Laamu Obasanjo ɓeydi ɗum haa ko ɓuri 0,4%.[237] Caɗeele cellal ɓurɗe yaawde toɗɗaade leydi Najeriya ko ñawu VIH/SIDA, Obasanjo yamiri ɗoon e ɗoon ciimtol ngonka e dow toɓɓere ndee caggal nde o heɓi laamu.[237] Ndeen o sosi Goomu Hooreejo leydi ngam haɓaade SIDA, ngu o ardii, o sosi Goomu Pewnugol Golle Ngenndiije ngam yuɓɓinde kampaañ 2000–03, jowitiingo e bayyinaango, heblo, wasiyaaji, e jarribooji ngam haɓaade mboros o. Ngam yahduki yeeso ngam njamu jama'aare, o fuɗɗi kampaniire kesum ngam hurgugo ceede laamu lesdi Naajeeriya ngam etaade nyiɓugo suudu nyawndiigu nder kala nokkure 774 laamu lesdi Naajeeriya Politik caggal leydi Obasanjo e Donald Rumsfeld to Pentagon e hitaande 2001 Ina jeyaa e golle Obasanjo mawɗe, ɗe o heɓi heen, moƴƴitinde innde leydi Nijeer e nder winndere ndee, nde o bonni e laamu Abacha. O waɗii ko ina ɓura feccere e manndaa makko gadano caggal leydi, o yilliima leyɗeele 92 haa e lewru oktoobar 2002. E lewru oktoobar 1999, Obasanjo sosi Goomu (Commission Bi-National) hakkunde Afrik worgo e Niiseer ngam yeewtidde e gollondiral hakkunde leyɗeele ɗiɗi ɗee, ɓurɗe mawnude e Afrik worgo Saharaa. Obasanjo jokki jokkindiral Naajeeriya bee U.S., o waddi walliinde U.S. ngam wallugo janngirde sooje'en Naajeeriya. O jokkondirii no feewi e hooreejo leydi Amerik biyeteeɗo Bill Clinton, o jokkondiri kadi e lomto Clinton, hono George W. Bush ; Bush yilliima Abuja e hitaande 2003, Obasanjo yilliima Wasinton e hitaande 2006.[240] E jokkude jokkondiral ɓurngal welde e U.K. ko ɓuri ko o joginoo e kitaale 1970, o tawtoraama batu makko gadano Commonwealth e lewru Noowammbar 1999, o jaɓɓi ɗum e lewru Duujal 2003, ɗo o heɓi njeenaari teddungal e juuɗe laamɗo debbo Biritaan biyeteeɗo Elizabeth II.[240] Nde Obasanjo heɓi laamu, o huninooma ittude konu leydi Najeriya e leydi Siyeraa Leyoon. E lewru ut 1999, o hollitii limre ngam ɓe ngurtina, hay so tawii noon ɗum dartinaama nde konu jam ONU moofti, ngu Nijeer rokki ɗum 4000 soldaat. Ndee doole yalti ko e hitaande 2005.[241] E nder jiiɓru to leydi Liberia, Obasanjo yamiri konu leydi Nijeer yo naata leydi ndii e lewru ut 2003 ; ɓe njalti e komanndaaji ONU lebbi ɗiɗi caggal ɗuum.[240] Obasanjo hokki Charles Taylor, hooreejo lesdi Liberiya, mo laamu mum woppi, o hokka mo haa lesdi Naajeeriya, koo ngam ɓaawo man o warti mo haa lesdi Liberiya ngam o ɗon ƴama mo ngam warhoore konu dow ƴamol hooreejo lesdi Liberiya keso, Ellen Johnson Sirleaf.[242] E yiɗde haɗude Naajeeriya yaltude e hareeji nder leydi ɗi yimɓe njiɗaa, o salii ɗaɓɓaande konu Naajeeriya ngam tawtoreede naatgol ECOMOG e nder wolde hakkunde leyɗeele Gine-Bisaawo e golle jam 2002 to Kodduwaar. E ɗaɓɓaande Angalteer, o walli e nanondiral hakkunde laamu Zimbaabwee mo Robert Mugabe, ngam hirjinde laamu nguu e ƴettude gese ɗe ɓaleeɓe jeyi e dow fenaande. O wondi e hooreejo leydi Afrik worgo hono Thabo Mbeki e gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi Ostarali John Howard, o jeyaa ko e fedde nde Commonwealth halfinaa ngam haɓaade Zimbaabwee.[243] Obasanjo e Mbeki njilliima Zimbaabwee laabi tati ngam golloraade dipolomasi deeƴɗo, kono ɓe keɓaani heen nafoore, ɓe mbiya Mugabe yo woppu laamu walla sosde laamu renndinde laamu e luulndiiɓe Mouvement pour le changement démocratique.[239] Haɓde e jiiɓru leƴƴi e diineeji Bush ina yeewtida e Obasanjo e nder batu G8 to Farayse, lewru suwee 2003 Caggal nde Obasanjo suɓaa, nokku ɗo sariyaaji lislaam ngoni ɗoo, wonti jeewte mawɗe e nder politik leydi Najeriya. Gila leydi ndii heɓi jeytaare mum, sharia ina jokki e ñaawde siwil hakkunde juulɓe wonɓe e dowlaaji worgo ɗii ; ñaawooɓe bonanndeeji ɗii laawɗinaaka e sariyaaji sharia, huunde nde mettini won e juulɓe.[244] E lewru suwee 1999, guwerneer diiwaan Zamfara, hono Ahmed Sani, hollitii naatgol timmungol shari’a e nder oon diiwaan, hay so tawii noon o hollitii wonde ɗum jogori huutoreede tan ko e hoɗɓe e juulɓe, wonaa e yimɓe ɓe ngonaa lislaam en. Ɗuum waɗi kulhuli nder yimɓe Kirista'en pamari nder woyla lesdi Naajeeriya, bee seppooji e seppooji feere-feere ɗon ngadda fitinaaji, haa fahin haa Kaduna.[244] Across Nigeria, Christian opinion was very hostile to the introduction of sharia as the basis of state penal systems.[245] Suudu Asaambele ngenndi ndii fof ina ɗaɓɓi e Obasanjo nde nawtata haala kaa to Ñaawirde Toownde.[245] O yiɗiino woppude ɗum, o yiɗaa darnde shari’a wonta huunde doosgal.[246] E nder renndo o yiɗiino seerndude ko o inniri "sharia goonga" e "sharia politik", o yetti arano oo, o wiyi wonde ɗiɗaɓo oo ko fad mo fizzle out.[245] Nde o salii naatde heen, Obasanjo heɓi ñiŋooje sabu ŋakkeende cuusal e juuɗe yimɓe heewɓe to bannge worgo, juulɓe tiiɗɓe to bannge worgo ina ƴattoo mo.[246] E nder ɗaɓɓaande yimɓe heewɓe ummoraade e renndooji juulɓe, dowlaaji nay goɗɗi to bannge worgo ƴettii sariya kuuɓtodinɗo sharia e hitaande 2000 e jeeɗiɗi goɗɗi e hitaande 2001. Obasanjo caggal ɗuum hollitii wonde haala kaa ko caɗeele ɓurɗe mawnude ɗe o meeɗi dañde e wonde hooreejo leydi.[246] Nde Obasanjo heɓi laamu, o hulɓinii no feewi nde tawnoo leydi Najeriya ina wondi e caɗeele e fitinaaji keewɗi, tawi ko ujunnaaje ujunnaaje maayɓe. Ndee ɗoo bonannde ina ɓeydoo saɗtude sabu ɓeydagol yimɓe ina ɓeydoo yaawde, ɗum addani ɗum ɓeydagol nguleeki weeyo e pottital ngam heɓde leydi ŋakkundi e nder gure teeru.[216] Ngam haɓaade ɗum, Obasanjo ɓeydii polis leydi ndii fotde laabi ɗiɗi, gila e 120 000 haa 240 000 hakkunde 1999 e 2003.[216] Ko seeɗa waɗaa ngam haɓaade bonanndeeji polis, tawi noon torlaaji tuumaaɗo ina keddii e yaajde e laamu Obasanjo.[211] Kadi ko ɓeydi fitinaaji ɗii ko jokkere enɗam hakkunde leƴƴi, e pelle leƴƴi e diiwanuuji ceertuɗi ina ɗaɓɓi ndimaagu ɓurngu mawnude, ɗum addani yeewtooɓe heewɓe teskaade ƴaañgol leydi Naajeeriya. Wonande Obasanjo, jogaade leydi ngootiri wonti huunde mawnde.[247] Ko e sahaaji cuɓaaɗi tan o ruttotoo e konu ngam ustude jiiɓru, o ɓuri yiɗde ko waasde mooftude konu so wonaa tawa guwerneeruuji dowlaaji ɗii ina ɗaɓɓi ɗum.[248] E nder konngol makko, "en poti huutoraade doole konu tan so tawii ko heddii koo fof ronkii. Ko cfuum woni miijo am e filosof am."[249] O yi'i nafoore mawnde e yaafuya, e yaafuya, e nanondiral ngam he6de nanondiral, wonaa e 6amtaare ñaawoore warngooji bacfcfi.[250] E laamu Obasanjo, darnde fitinaaji e jiiɓru nder leydi Naajeeriya ustii.[249] Olusẹgun Obasanjo e hooreejo leydi Beresiil Lula da Silva 2005 Ko ɓuri heewde e miijooji ceertuɗi ko e diiwaan Delta Niiseer, ɗo pelle koɗdiiɗe ɗee njiɗnoo jogaade ko ɓuri heewde e ngalu keɓaaɗo e nokkuuji petroŋ keewɗi ngalu. E lewru sulyee 1999, Obasanjo neldi Asaambele ngenndi kuulal ngam sosde Komiseer ƴellitaare Delta Niiseer ngam siynude e huutoraade peeje ngam haɓaade diiwaan oo, huunde nde o sikki ina waawi ustude fitinaaji toon. E nder jeewte keewɗe, komisiyoŋ oo fuɗɗii ko e lewru Duujal 2000.[251] E lewru noowammbar 1999, o neldi kadi bataliyoŋaaji ɗiɗi konu e nder diiwaan Delta Niiseer ngam nanngude sukaaɓe Asawana, fedde Ijaw en nannguɓe e warde poliseeɓe to Odi, to diiwaan Bayelsa. Militeer en mbonni ko ɓuri heewde e wuro ngoo ; laamu ngu wi'i 43 mbaraama, ammaa ONG nokkuure nde'e waɗi limngal maayɓe siwil'en 2,483.[252] Obasanjo siftinii halkaare ndee wonde « ina waawi rewde » e « ina metti » , o yilliima Odi e lewru marse 2001 ; o salii ñaawde konu nguu, o ñaagii yaafuya ngam halkaare nde, o yoɓi njoɓdi walla o mahdi wuro ngoo, hay so tawii noon Komiseer ƴellitaare Delta Niiseer waɗii ɗum.[249] E hitaande 2000, Obasanjo haɗi fedde Oodua Peoples Congress (OPC), fedde ngenndiyankoore Yoruba en, nde wonnoo ko e fitinaaji e leƴƴi goɗɗi, o yamiri yo ardiiɓe mayre nannge.[253] E lewru suwee 2001, fitinaaji hakkunde Kerecee’en ɓiɓɓe leydi ndii e njulaagu juulɓe to bannge worgo e nder diiwaan Plateau, waɗii fotde 500 maayɗo hade konu nguu naatde heen, heɓtude laamu. Ndeen Obasanjo yilliima, wiyi yo ɓe nanondiral. E lewru Oktoobar 2001, seppooɓe juulɓe to Kano mbari fotde 200 Igbo ngam jaabaade ballal Nijeer e bommbooji Amerik mbaɗi e Afganistaan. Ndeen Obasanjo yilliima ngam ɗaɓɓude nanondiral kono hoɗɓe ɓee boomi ɗum.[246] E lewru oktoobar kadi, soldateeɓe neldaama ngam deeƴnude jiiɓru hakkunde renndooji Jukun e Tiv en e keeri hakkunde diiwanuuji Benue e Taraba ; ndeen militeer en Tiv nanngi ɓe mbari ɓe to Zaki-Biam. Obasanjo yamiri konu nguu yo naata, ɓe ndartini, ɓe mbari fotde 250 haa 300 gorko nokku oo. Obasanjo yilliima nokku oo e hitaande 2002, o ñaagii yaafuya sabu huutoraade doole no feewi.[249] n lewru Yarkomaa 2002, Obasanjo yamiri polis mobbooji ɗii yo ndartin Bakassi Boys, fedde vigilante gollotoonde ko ɓuri heewde e nder diiwanuuji Abia e Anambra, nde waɗi ko ina tolnoo e ujunnaaje ɗiɗi warngooji. O sikkiino waɗde ɗum ko adii ɗuum sabu ballal yimɓe ɓe fedde nde heɓi e haɓde e fedde bonnde, kono o nanii o waawii yahrude yeeso e maɓɓe caggal nde yimɓe maɓɓe ustii.[254] E oon lewru kadi, nokku ɗo balɗe 100 000 ngoni ɗoo, to kaɓirɗe Ijeka, saraaji Lagos, yani, ina waawi addande ɗum en fotde ujunnaaje ujunnaaje neɗɗo maayɗo. Obasanjo yilliima ɗoon e ɗoon.[249] Fitinaaji bonɗi kadi ina njokki e nder wuro Lagos, e lewru feebariyee 2002, konu neldaa e nder wuro ngo ngam artirde deeƴre. E lewru abriil 2002, Obasanjo hollitii sariya baawɗo haɗude leƴƴi so tawii ina cikka ina mbaawi wallitde fitinaaji, kono njuɓɓudi laamu leydi ndii salii ɗum, sibu ko ɗum huunde ɓurnde toowde e laamu hooreejo leydi.[253] Won e ardiiɓe laamu hono hooreejo suudu sarɗiiji e hooreejo suudu sarɗiiji ina ngondi e caɗeele e hooreejo leydi ndii, o haɓaama e jarribooji keewɗi ngam ustude laamu e nder suuduuji ɗiɗi ɗii kala.[255] Obasanjo dañii daɗde e laamu, o toɗɗaa. Caggal hooreejo leydi (2007–hannde) Politik Obasanjo e Robeer Mugaabe e hitaande 2013 O wonti hooreejo fedde PDP, omo joginoo doole e nominaasiyoŋaaji ngam heɓde jappeere laamu haa e politik e peeje. No gooto e dipolomaat en Hirnaange wiyri nii, "O anniyaaki jooɗaade e jooɗorde passenger rokka wasiyaaji e hesɗitinde nanngude taayaare so tawii Naajeeriya yaltii e laawol."[256] O woppi golle hooreejo fedde PDP e lewru abriil 2012.[257] Caggal ɗuum, o yalti e golle politik e PDP. E lewru marse 2008, Obasanjo "ina sikkaa" ko goomu parlemaa Nijeer ñaawii ɗum sabu rokkude ɗum kaayitaaji semmbe fotde miliyaaruuji 2,2 dolaar e nder laamu mum duuɓi jeetati, tawi alaa ko o waɗi so wonaa laawol. Ciimtol ngol ɗoo wiɗto meeɗaa jaɓeede e nder parlemaa leydi Najeriya fof sabu manipulaasiyoŋ e golle ɗee fof e ardorde goomu wiɗto laamu nguu. Wonaa e winndannde laawɗunde wootere, mawɗo Obasanjo ñaawaama.[258] E lewru mee 2014, Obasanjo winndi hooreejo leydi Goodluck Jonathan ngam ɗaɓɓude yo o waɗtu hakkille e innde laamu leydi Najeriya ngam yoɓde sukaaɓe rewɓe Chibok ɓe fedde Boko Haram joginoo.[259] Ñalnde 16 feebariyee 2015, o woppi lannda laamu nguu, o yamiri hooreejo diiwaan PDP yo ƴettu kaayitaaji makko e nder yeewtere jaaynde.[260] O anndiraa caggal mum ko navigateur lannda luulndo keso sosaa, hono APC.[261] Ñalnde 24 lewru Yarkomaa hitaande 2018, o winndi hooreejo leydi ndi, hono Muhammadu Buhari, o hollitii nokkuuji ɗi o ŋakkiraa, o wasiyii mo nde o woppataa laamu e hitaande 2019.[262] Haa hannde denndaangal ɓataakeeji makko feewde e hooreeɓe leydi ndii ina adii njillu maɓɓe.[263] Ñalnde 31 lewru Yarkoma hitaande 2018, o fuɗɗi diɗɗal siyaasaaku bi'eteengal "Kawtal ngam Diɗɗal Naajeeriya" (CNM) haa Abuja.[264] Ñalnde 10 lewru mbooy hitaande 2018, dillere ndee ƴetti lannda politik, hono Kongres Demokaratik Afrik (ADC).[265] Ñalnde 20 noowammbar 2018, Obasanjo hollitii e dow laabi gartugol mum[266] e lannda luulndo mawngo, hono lannda Demokaraasi Leƴƴi (PDP) e nder udditgol deftere wiyeteende My Transition Hours, nde gonnooɗo hooreejo leydi ndii, hono Goodluck Jonathan winndi. Ñalnde 22 lewru bowte hitaande 2022, Obasanjo hollitii wonde o woppii politik partiiji, caggal nde o jaɓɓi depiteeji ngenndiiji lannda Demokaraasi Leƴƴi [PDP] to hoɗorde makko to Ota, to diiwaan Ogun, to leydi Nijeer[267] Dipolomasi Obasanjo toɗɗaa ko nulaaɗo keeriiɗo to leydi Konngo, to leydi Konngo, ndi wolde yani e mum. O waɗi batuuji ceertuɗi e gardiiɗo leydi RDC Joseph Kabila e gardiiɗo luulndiiɓe laamu nguu hono Laurent Nkunda. E nder wooteeji Zimbaabwee e lewru sulyee 2013, Obasanjo ardii delegaasiyoŋ ƴeewooɓe wooteeji Dental Afrik.[268] E hitaande 2022, Obasanjo waɗii hakkunde kaaldigal jam hakkunde laamu Ecoppi e fedde wiyeteende Tigre e les njiimaandi Dental Afrik, haa arti noon e dartagol wolde Tigre ñalnde 2 noowammbar 2022.[269] E hitaande 2025, Obasanjo toɗɗaama yo won hakkundeejo e nder renndo Afrik fuɗnaange e renndo ƴellitaare Afrik worgo e nder leydi Konngo e nder kampaañ M23 (2022–hannde).[270] Jaŋde ɓeydaande E lewru desaambar 2017, Obasanjo ƴetti doktoraa mum. tesis e nder diine to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde leydi Najeriya. Miijo politik To bannge miijooji, Obasanjo ko ngenndiyanke Najeriya.[27] O ɗon mari haaje yidde lesdi Naajeeriya e nuɗɗinki dow Naajeeriya foti jogaago lesdi-leydi woore, naa ngam senndindirki dow laabi lenyol.[275] E hitaande 2001, o hollitii wonde faandaare makko juutnde ko "moƴƴinde kala sifaa ɓiyleydaagu so wonaa ɓiyleydaagu leydi Nijeer". O wi'i ɓustugo lesdi Naajeeriya dow laabi le'i, ɗum waddan laɓɓinki le'i e fitinaaji ɗi yi'aama wakkati hareeji Yugoslawi nder kitaale 1990.[275] Iliffe wi'i Obasanjo'en lesdi Naajeeriya ɗon mari bawɗe ngam o wurti diga yimɓe mawɓe Yoruba'en e wakkati maako nder konu, haa o huwi bee sooje'en diga lenyol feere-feere.[27] Demokaraasi ina waawi waasde jogaade ƴellitaare faggudu yaawnde walla ngalu kono ko ɗum, ko famɗi fof, mbaadi laamu ɓurndi moƴƴude haa jooni, ndi addanta ko ɓuri heewde e yimɓe tawtoreede no haanirta nii e nder peeje e geɗe jowitiiɗe e laamu mum en. Demokaraasi ko cuɓal ngal laamɓe ɓuri yiɗde... E nder ngonka leydi Naajeeriya, demokaraasi ko kañum tan woni koolaaɗo kuuɓal baawɗo hawrude e pelle leslese ceertuɗe e nder leñol jogiingol daɗndo ngootaagu, potal e darnde wootere e nder dumunna. — Olusegun Obasanjo ko faati e demokaraasi, hitaande 1990[276] Iliffe hollitii wonde teeŋtinde politik nanondiral ko "kuulal gonngal dow ngal" e nder nguurndam Obasanjo fof.[68] Nde o woni e laamu e kitaale 1970, Obasanjo hollitii ñiŋooje makko e "luulndaare juɓɓule" e laamu nguu.[109] E miijo makko, ɗum "ina luurdi no feewi e ko ɓuri heewde e pinal e golle politik Afrik."[161] E nder nokkuuji ɗo o luulndii laamu nguu, o miijii wonde lanndaaji luulndiiɗi ɗii ina poti waɗde heen geɗe moƴƴe,[161] e wonde politikaaji ɗii ina poti jokkude njiylawu nanondiral, wonaa waɗde luural ko juuti. O sikki wonde pottital politik ina jogii batte cemmbinɗe, ɗe nganndu-ɗaa ina teskaa e leydi ƴellitoori hono Nijeer, kadi deeƴre ina foti reeneede.[109] Obasanjo ɗon wolwa haa batu hitaande 2014, kawtal Banki Afriknaajo ngam ɓamtaare lesdi Kigali Nde o mettini e ko o yi’i ko ina wona ŋakkeende laamu demokaraasi wakilaagu e nder fuɗɗoode kitaale 1980, Obasanjo fuɗɗii hollirde ballal mum e dowla gooto e nder leydi Najeriya. O wiyi noon wonde ooɗoo dowla gooto ina foti wallitde yimɓe fof e nder laamu, teddinde jojjanɗe aadee, e reende ndimaagu haalde.[161] Caggal mum e kitaale 1980, o jeertinii eɓɓaande dowla lanndaaji ɗiɗi ɗi Babangida ƴettunoo, o miijii wonde so Babangida ina miijo lannda hakkunde-nano e hakkunde-nyaamo ina kaɓa hakkunde mum en, alaa e sago ɗum ƴellitoo haa wonta lannda gooto lomtotooɗo Kerecee’en fuɗnaange, lannda goɗɗo oo lomtotooɗo juulɓe fuɗnaange][16]. O wi'i haa nokkuure nden o wi'i walaa keerol dow limngal lanndaaji siyaasaaku ɗi mbaawata sosde, koo ngam o wi'i to ɗum waawataa waɗugo nden Naajeeriya laatoto lesdi lannda woore.[161] E nder njiimaandi Dental Sowiyet e fuɗɗoode kitaale 1990 e yah-ngartaa caggal ɗuum feewde e politik lanndaaji keewɗi e nder Afrik, Obasanjo kadi wonti balloowo lanndaaji keewɗi Jaɓɓungal e ndonu Statue Olusegun Obasanjo to Owerri, diiwaan Imo, leydi Najeriya. John Iliffe siftinii Obasanjo wonde "tergal ɓurngal teeŋtude e yonta ɗiɗaɓo ardiiɓe Afrik jeyaaɓe e leydi ndii, ɓe ndarni koye mum en ngam semmbinde dowlaaji mum en caggal koloñaal".[275] O sikki ko geɗe nay mawɗe ɗe Obasanjo waɗi e laamu mum : o jokki e jogaade heen geɗel gootel e nder leydi ndii, o jokki e jogaade doole e nder leydi ndii, o wallitorii sosde Dental Afrik, o ustii ñamaale leydi ndii caggal leydi.[248] E lewru desaambar 1999, tolno jaɓgol makko ina tolnoo e 84% ; e hitaande 2001 ko 72% ; e lewru suwee 2003 nde ustii haa 39%.[234] Obasanjo ina tuumanoo laabi keewɗi fenaande e nder nguurndam mum fof, hay so tawii noon kanko e hoore makko o wiyi wonde golle makko ko goonga.[229] Ɓeen ñiŋooɓe Obasanjo ina cikki wonde caggal nde o nanngaa e kasoo e kitaale 1990, o ɓeydii faamde wonde ko o neɗɗo masiŋ, o woppii neɗɗaagu makko, o ɓeydii kadi tiiɗnaade e goongɗinde wonde ko ɗum woni darnde makko nde Alla yamiri ngam laamaade leydi Najeriya.[299] Ɓeen ñiŋooɓe Obasanjo ina cikki wonde o bonnii laamu, haa teeŋti noon e manndaa makko ɗiɗaɓo, o wonti ko miijo jogaade laamu haa abada.[282] E nder manndaa makko gadano e nder laamu, o dañii heen gaññeeje e banndiraaɓe makko Yoruba en, ɓe cikkatnoo ko o fotnoo waɗde ko ɓuri ɗum ngam ɓamtude nafooje leñol makko e nder laamu.[300] Caggal nde o nanngaa, Obasanjo wiyi wonde ñiŋooje ina kuutoree tan ngam tabitinde « goonga e haala am » e hollirde ñiŋooje makko « bonɗe e nder aduna dogɗo e bonɗo ».[299] Defte ɗe obasanjo winndi Watch am Volume 1: Nguurndam arano e konu Watch am Volume 2: Geɗe politik e renndo Watch am Volume 3: Jooni e ndeen Yamiroore am Nzeogwu Daaba Wiyeteeɗo Neɗɗo Fajiri Keso Thabo Mbeki mo anndi Afrik E Gite Patriot Waɗde Afrik ina golla: Deftere janngirnde Waɗde nanondiral e jokkondiral Amerik e Afrik: yeewtere joyaɓere nde David M. Abshire rokki, ñalnde 15 lewru Duujal hitaande 1987 Afrik e nder Yiyngo Ɓataakeeji ngam waylude aduna: Gila e Pankhurst haa e Orwell Wonaa Yiɗde am Golle Demokaraasi : Rewindaade politik ngam nafoore Afrik Watch am Caɗeele Ardorde e nder Afrik Gaañanɗe wolde : Coodguuli ƴellitaare e nder Sudaan worgo Ardiiɓe ngam duwaawu moƴƴo Caɗeele peewnugol ndema e kisal nguura e nder Afrik Haɓde e caɗeele sukaaɓe Afrik e ŋakkeende nguura : darnde ndema Afrik e nder sosde golle Dust Suspended: Ciimtol nguurndam koloñaal, caggal leydi e nguurndam dipolomaasi 1953 haa 1986 Afrik e lewru marse: deftere ngam faggudu leydi ndii Suɓngooji Afrik teeŋtuɗi : Noddaango ngam ƴellitde laawol Pan-Afrik Njeenaaje e teddungal aylx0zk7cho2e6hac5zy1kqbgt9spjm 175788 175787 2026-06-22T21:00:58Z Ilya Discuss 10103 #1Lib1Ref 175788 wikitext text/x-wiki Mawɗo Olusegun Matthew Okikiola Ogunboye Aremu Obasanjo GCFR (// C; Yoruba: Olúṣẹ́gun Ọbásanjọ́ [ōlúʃɛ́ɡũ̄ ɔ̄básã̄d͡ʒɔ́] R; jibinaa ko c. ndema, e gonnooɗo seneraal konu gonnooɗo hooreejo leydi Naajeeriya gila 1976 haa 1979, caggal ɗuum o woni hooreejo leydi ndii gila 1999 haa 2007. To bannge miijo, ko o ngenndiyanke Naajeeriya, o jeyaa ko e lannda Demokaraasi Leƴƴi (PDP) gila 1998 haa 2019. Obasanjo jibinaa ko e wuro Ibogun-Olaogun, e nder galle remoowo, jeyaaɗo e leñol Owu, Obasanjo janngi ko ɓuri heewde e wuro wiyeteengo Abeokuta, to diiwaan Ogun. O naati konu leydi Naajeeriya, o janngi ko faati e inndeeji, o golliima to Konngo, Angalteer, e Inndo, o arti e darnde Major. E darorɗe kitaale 1960, o waɗii darnde mawnde e haɓaade seernaaɓe Biafra e nder wolde hakkunde leyɗeele Nijeer, o jaɓi dogde e hitaande 1970. E hitaande 1975, kuudetaa konu sosi junta e Obasanjo e nder laamu mum tati. Caggal nde hooreejo triumvirate, hono Murtala Muhammed, waraa e hitaande rewtunde ndee, Diiso toowngo konu toɗɗii Obasanjo hooreejo leydi ndii. Jokkude politik Murtala, Obasanjo ƴeewtindiima taƴgol bidsee e yaajnude jaŋde ekkolaaji ɗi ngalaa njoɓdi. Ɓesdugo hawtuki lesdi Naajeeriya bee lesdi Amerika, o teddini kadi ballal pelle luutndiiɗe laamu ɓaleeɓe pamari nder Afrika woylaare. Obasanjo ɗon mari haaje wartirgo demokaraasi, o ardi woote 1979, ɓaawo man o hokki laamu lesdi Naajeeriya haa hooreejo lesdi siwil keso, Shehu Shagari. Ndeen Obasanjo artii e golle mum to Ota, Ogun, ɗo o wonti demoowo, o yaltini defte nay, o tawtoraama eɓɓooji winndereeji ngam joofnude hareeji Afrik ceertuɗi. E hitaande 1993, Sani Abacha heɓti laamu e kuudetaa konu. Obasanjo ina ñiŋa laamu Abacha e peeñcu, e hitaande 1995 o nanngaa, o ñaawaa wonde o jeyaa ko e kuudetaa peewnaaɗo, hay so tawii o seppii wonde o alaa ella. Nde o woni e kasoo ndee, o wonti Kerecee’en jibinaaɗo, tawi ko providentialism ina tiiɗtini no feewi e yi’annde makko aduna caggal ɗuum. O woppitaama caggal maayde Abacha e hitaande 1998. Obasanjo naati e politik wooteeji, o wonti kanndidaa PDP e wooteeji hooreleydaagu 1999, ɗi o dañi. Ko o hooreejo leydi, o woppi politik militeer en, kamɓe ɗiɗo fof ɓe njaajni polis, ɓe moofti konu ngam haɓaade fitinaaji leƴƴi, diineeji, e seernaaɓe jaajɗi. O itti sooje'en lesdi Naajeeriya diga lesdi Siyeraa Leone, o hokki hukuumaaji pamari feere-feere ngam ustugo ceede lesdi ndi'i. O artiraa e woote 2003. E nder miijooji Pan-Afrik, o woniino daraniiɗo no feewi sosde Dental Afrik, o woniino hooreejo mayre tuggi 2004 haa 2006. Eɓɓooje Obasanjo ngam waylude doosɗe leydi ngam ittude keeri manndaa hooreejo leydi, ɗe njahraani no haanirta nii, ɗe ngaddani ɗum ñiŋooje. Caggal nde o woppi golle, o heɓi doktoraa makko e ganndal diine to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde National Open to leydi Najeriya. Nguurndam gadano Baaba Olusegun Obasanjo, Obasanjo Bankole, jeyaa ko e ardiiɓe hoɗɓe e sosɓe wuro Igbogun Olaogun e fuɗɗoode kitaale 1920. Hay so tawii ko o demoowo keewɗo jawdi, o jom jawdi en, omo hiisee wonde miskiino sabu o jeyaaka e yimɓe jannguɓe e nder leydi Yoruba. Bankole hawri e Bernice Ashabi, njulaagu tokooso to Igbogun, kamɓe ɗiɗo fof ɓe resndi. Ɓeeɗoo ɗiɗo ina njogii ɓiɓɓe ɗiɗo heddiiɓe e nder jeegom : Olusegun e Adunni Oluwola, miñiiko debbo gooto. E wiyde paaspoor makko, Olusegun Obasanjo jibinaa ko ñalnde 5 marse 1937 hay so tawii noon alaa ko winndaa e mum hannde, ñalngu nguu ko limto ɓadiiɗo. Olusegun ko jeyaaɗo e Laamu Owu. O mawni ko e Baptiste. Debbo makko caggal mum naati lislaam ngam resde gorko juulɗo.[9] E duuɓi sappo e go'o, o naati duɗal leslesal wuro ngo,[10] caggal duuɓi tati, e hitaande 1951, o naati duɗal Baptist Day to nokku Owu to Abeokuta.[11] E hitaande 1952 o arti e duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde sukaaɓe Baptist,[12] kadi e nder wuro ngo. Feccere e njoɓdi duɗal makko ko dokke laamu.[13] Obasanjo waɗii ko moƴƴi e jaŋde,[14] e nder duɗal o wonti Boy Scout keewɗo faayiida.[15] Hay so tawii alaa ko holliti wonde e oon sahaa o tawtoraama kala pelle politik,[15] ko e nder duɗal hakkundeewal Obasanjo salii innde makko adannde "Matthew" ngam wonde golle luulndiiɗe koloñaal.[16] E nder ɗuum, baaba Obasanjo woppi debbo mum e sukaaɓe mum ɗiɗo.[17] Nde o yani e baasal, yumma Obasanjo ina foti golloraade njulaagu ngam wuurde.[15] Ngam yoɓugo ceede janngirde maako, Obasanjo ɗon huuwa haa gese kakawo e kola, ɗon ligga, ɗon mooɓa leɗɗe, ɗon sooda ceene mahooɓe. E nder balɗe udditgol duɗal ngal kadi o golliima e duɗal ngal, omo taƴa huɗo e golle juuɗe goɗɗe.[18] E hitaande 1956, Obasanjo waɗi jaŋde mum hakkundeere, caggal nde o ñamli kaalis ngam yoɓde njoɓdi naatgol.[19] E oon hitaande kadi, o fuɗɗii jokkondirde e Oluremi Akinlawon, ɓiy Owu mawɗo station. Ɓe ndarniino dewgal haa hitaande 1958.[20] O yalti duɗal, o fayi Ibadan, o ƴetti golle jannginde. Ko ɗoon o jooɗii e ekzamen naatgol to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Ibadan, kono hay so o jaɓii o tawi o waawaa yoɓde njoɓdi jaŋde.[19] Ndeen Obasanjo fellitii jokkude golle mum e nder konu leydi Najeriya, ngam heɓde ngal gollal, e hitaande 1958 o jaabiima eɓɓoore ngam janngude ofiseeji cadet e nder konu leydi Najeriya.[21][22] Fuɗɗoode golle konu (1958-1966) Heblo konu: 1958-1959 E lewru marse 1958, Obasanjo naati e konu leydi Najeriya.[23] O yi’i ɗum ko fartaŋŋe jokkude jaŋde makko tawa omo heɓa njoɓdi;[24] o humpitaaki ɗoon e ɗoon ɓesngu makko, o hulii wonde jibnaaɓe makko ina njaɓa ɗum.[25] Ko e oon sahaa konu leydi Najeriya ina jokki e juuɗe laamu koloñaal leydi Najeriya, ngam heblude ndimaagu leydi Najeriya timmungu, kadi ina waɗi eɓɓooje ngam heɓde yimɓe leydi Najeriya ɓurɓe heewde e nder darnde konu mum.[25] Ndeen o neldaama to duɗal jaŋde ofiseeji jooɗɗi to Teshie to leydi Gana.[23] Nde o woni caggal leydi, o neldi ɓataakeeji e dokke to jom suudu makko to leydi Najeriya.[20] E lewru suwee 1958, o suɓaa ngam ɓeydaade heblo lebbi jeegom to duɗal Mons Officer Cadet to Aldershot, to fuɗnaange Angalteer. Obasanjo yiɗaa ɗum toon, o sikkatnoo ko ɗum juɓɓule njiyaagu e njiyaagu, o tawi ina saɗi ko jokkondiri e dumunna Engele ɓurɗo toowde e ɓuuɓde.[26] Nde semmbini miijooji makko bonɗi e laamu Biritaan e hakke mum laamaade e dow laamuuji mum koloñaal en.[24] To Mons, o heɓi komisoŋ e seedantaagal to bannge innde. Nde Obasanjo woni to leydi Angalteer, yumma mum maayi. Baaba makko ndeen maayi ko hitaande caggal ɗuum.[27] E hitaande 1959, Obasanjo arti Nijeer. Ko ɗoon o artiraa to Kaduna, o woni subaltern infanterie e bataliyoŋ joyaɓo.[27] Wakkati maako haa Kaduna woni wakkati arandejum nde Obasanjo jooɗi haa nokkure nde juulɓe ɗuuɗi.[27] Ko nde o woni toon, e lewru Oktoobar 1960, leydi Nijeer wonti leydi ndimaagu.[28][22] Kiiriis Konngo: 1960-1961 Ƴeew kadi: Kiriis Konngo Caggal ɗuum seeɗa, bataliyoŋ joyaɓo neldaa to Konngo ngam jeyeede e konu Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe ngam haɓaade jam. Ko ɗoon bataliyoŋ oo woni e nder diiwaan Kivu, tawi ko ɗoon woni Bukavu.[28] To leydi Konngo, Obasanjo e woɗɓe ina njoginoo darnde reende siwil en, haa arti noon e leñol Belsik, e soldateeɓe murtuɓe e laamu Patrice Lumumba.[28] E lewru feebariyee 1961, Obasanjo nanngaa e juuɗe murtuɓe nde o ummotoo e misiyoŋaaji katolik en e nder dingiral sara Bukavu. Mutinooɓe ɓee miijinoo ko warde mo kono ɓe njamiraama yo ɓe njaltu. E lewru mee 1961, bataliyoŋ joyaɓo ummii Konngo, arti Najeriya.[28] E nder wolde nde, o toɗɗaama kapiteen wakkati.[24] O teskiima caggal ɗuum wonde sahaa mo o woni e Konngo oo ina semmbina "fervour pan-africain" bataliyoŋ makko.[28] Gartugol e leydi Konngo: 1961-1966 Nde o arti, Obasanjo soodi oto makko gadano, o naati e opitaal ko juuti sabu rafi reedu. Nde o selli, o artiraa e Korse Innjiniyaaruuji konu. E hitaande 1962 o jooɗii to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Royal College to Angalteer. Ko ɗoon o ɓuri waawde, o siforaa ko "almuudo Commonwealth ɓurɗo waawde". Oon hitaande, o yoɓi Akinlawon ngam yahde Londres ɗo o waawi naatde e kursus heblo. Ɓeeɗoo ɗiɗo resndi ɗum ko e lewru suwee 1963 to biro binnditagol Camberwell Green, ɓe nganndini ɓesnguuji maɓɓe tan caggal nde ɓe mbaɗi hiirde ndee.E ndeen hitaande, Obasanjo yamiraama yo o hoot to leydi Nijeer, hay so tawii debbo makko ina heddii to Londres duuɓi tati goɗɗi ngam timminde jaŋde makko. Nde o naati Naajeeriya, Obasanjo hoosi ardungal konu Innjiniyaaruuji ladde, jooɗiiɗum haa Kaduna. E nder konu, Obasanjo ina jokki e yahrude yeeso e nder darɗe, o wonti mawɗo e hitaande 1965. O huutoriima ngalu makko ngam soodde leydi, e fuɗɗoode kitaale 1960 o heɓi jawdi to Ibadan, Kaduna, e Lagos. E hitaande 1965, Obasanjo neldaa leydi Inndo. E nder laawol, o yilliima debbo makko to Londres. To leydi Indiya, o janngi to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde toppitiingal ko fayti e cellal to Wellington, caggal ɗuum to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Innjiniyaaruuji to Poona. Obasanjo hulɓinii e heege nde o seedtii e nder leydi Indiya hay so tawii o ƴettii nafoore e pinal leydi ndii, huunde nde addani mo janngude defte diineeji nannditooji. Hare nder leydi Naajeeriya Winndannde mawnde: Hare nder leydi Najeriya Golle makko ko adii wolde hakkunde leyɗeele: 1966-1967 Obasanjo ummi Naajeeriya nder lewru January hitaande 1966 ngam heɓugo lesdi ndi'i nder kuudetaa konu ngu Major Emmanuel Ifeajuna ardii. Obasanjo ina jeyaa e jeertinɓe wonde ngonka kaa ina waawi jippaade e wolde nder leydi.O hollitii wonde maa o won hakkunde ƴaañooɓe kuudetaa e laamu siwil, ngu rokki laamu nguu e juuɗe hooreejo konu Johnson Aguiyi-Ironsi. Nde kuudetaa oo ronki, Olusegun hawri e Ironsi to Lagos. Ironsi ɓooyaani ko timmini fedde nde e nder leydi Najeriya rewrude e yamiroore mum kawral e lewru mee 1966, huunde nde ɓuuɓni jiiɓru leƴƴi. E darorɗe lewru sulyee, kuudetaa ɗiɗmo waɗi. To wuro Ibadan, sooja'en iwdi woyla lesdi Naajeeriya ɗon ƴama, ɓe mbari Ironsi, ɓe mbari fodde teemeɗɗe ɗiɗi sooje'en ko ɓuri ɗuuɗugo ɓe iwdi lesdi Naajeeriya. Seneraal Yaakubu Gowon heɓti laamu. Nde ooɗoo kuudetaa waɗata nde Obasanjo wonnoo ko to Maiduguri. Nande ɗum, o yaawi hootde Kaduna. Ko ɗoon o tawi konu worgo ummoriiɗo e bataliyoŋ tataɓo ina ronka, ina torloo, ina wara soldateeɓe Igbo en. Gomnaajo lesdi Naajeeriya, Hassan Katsina, annditi dow koo ngam Olusegun naa Igbo, bana no o woni mo woylaare lesdi Naajeeriya, o ɗon nder ɓilla haa sooja'en murtuɓe. Ngam reenaade ɓe, Katsina neldi Olusegun e debbo mum ngarta Maiduguri balɗe sappo, tawi fitinaaji ɗii ina ustoo. Caggal ɗuum, Obasanjo neldi debbo mum to Lagos, tawi omo hoota Kaduna kanko e hoore makko, o woni ɗoon haa lewru Yarkomaa 1967. E oon sahaa ko kanko woni ofisee Yoruba ɓurɗo mawnude tawaaɗo to bannge worgo. E lewru Yarkomaa 1967, Obasanjo toɗɗaama to Lagos ngam wonde mawɗo Injineer konu.Hare hakkunde leƴƴi Igbo e leƴƴi worgo ina jokki e ɓeydaade, e lewru mee, ofisee konu Igbo C. Odumegwu Ojukwu hollitii jeytaare nokkuuji ɓurɗi heewde Igbo e nder fuɗnaange-rewo leydi Bi. Ñalnde 3 lewru juko, laamu leydi Najeriya neldi Obasanjo to Ibadan ngam wonde hooreejo leydi Hirnaange.Hare hakkunde konu leydi Najeriya e seernaaɓe Biafran fuɗɗii ko ñalnde 6 lewru juko. Ñalnde 9 sulyee, Ojukwu neldi koloñaal konu Biafra dow pont Niiseer ngam yiɗde heɓtude Mid-West, nokku ɗo ɓe mbaawi ummoraade Lagos. Obasanjo yiɗiino uddude laabi jahduɗi e wuro ngo. Komandaajo Yoruba biyeteeɗo Victor Banjo, ardinooɗo konu njanngu Biafran, etinooma waawnude Obasanjo yoo ɓe njaltu, kono o salii. Kuugal konu lesdi: 1967-1970 "Kolonel Olu Obasanjo, gardinooɗo diɗɗal tataɓal". Jaaynde Naajeeriya keso, hello 7, 12 lewru Yarkomaa 1970. Gagga hare nder leydi Naajeeriya e Biafra. Ndeen Obasanjo toɗɗaama hooreejo caggal diɗɗal ɗiɗaɓal Murtala Muhammed, gollotoongal to Mid-Ouest. Obasanjo woni ko e jooɗaade to Ibadan, ko kañum halfinaa Division ɗiɗaɓo oo jogaade kaɓirɗe. E nder wuro ngo, Obasanjo jannginii course ganndal konu to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Ibadan, o mahi jokkondiral makko e nder elite Yoruba. E nder wolde nde, wonno ko jiiɓru mawndu e nder Dowla Hirnaange, ngam daɗde e ɗeen caɗeele, Obasanjo woppi golle mum e nder Diiso doosɗe Hirnaange.Nde Obasanjo woɗɗi Ibadan e lewru noowammbar 1968, gure jogiiɗe kaɓirɗe ɗe fedde remooɓe Agbekoya moofti, njani e galle laamorɗo Ibadan. Konuuji ɗii njaabtii, mbari sappo e fitinaaji ɗii. Nde Obasanjo arti o yamiri yo ñaawirde ƴeewto kewuuji ɗii. Yamiroore konu: 1967-1970 "Kolonel Olu Obasanjo, gardinooɗo diɗɗal tataɓal". Jaaynde Naajeeriya keso, hello 7, 12 lewru Yarkomaa 1970. Gagga hare nder leydi Naajeeriya e Biafra. Ndeen Obasanjo toɗɗaama hooreejo caggal diɗɗal ɗiɗaɓal Murtala Muhammed, gollotoongal to Mid-Ouest. Obasanjo ina jooɗii to Ibadan, ko kañum halfinaa Division ɗiɗaɓo oo jogaade kaɓirɗe. E nder wuro ngo, Obasanjo jannginii course ganndal konu to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Ibadan, o mahi jokkondiral makko e nder elite Yoruba. E nder wolde nde, wonno ko jiiɓru mawndu e nder Dowla Hirnaange, ngam daɗde e ɗeen geɗe, Obasanjo woppi golle e nder Diiso doosɗe Dowla Hirnaange. Nde Obasanjo woɗɗi Ibadan e lewru noowammbar 1968, wuro ngo ina jogii balɗe, ngo fedde remooɓe Agbekoya moofti, yani e galle laamorɗo Ibadan. Konuuji ɗii njaabtii, mbari sappo e fitinaaji ɗii. Nde Obasanjo arti o yamiri yo ñaawirde ƴeewto kewuuji ɗii. Gowon felliti lomtaade Kolonel Benjamin Adekunle, ardinooɗo njanngu Biafra, kono ina haani Yoruba mawɗo goɗɗo. O suɓii ko Obasanjo, hay so tawii noon o alaa humpito hare. Obasanjo arii Port Harcourt ngam heɓtude golle ɗee ñalnde 16 mee 1969 ; o ardii hannde hakkunde 35 000 e 40 000 soldaat. O waɗii jonte jeegom gadane ɗee ko e riiwtude njangu Biafran e Aba. O yilliima kala nokku e yeeso, o gaañiiɗo e waɗde ɗum. Ɗee golle ngaddi mo innde cuusal e nder worɓe makko E lewru desaambar, Obasanjo fuɗɗii golle Finishing Touch, yamiri konu mum yo yahru yeeso feewde Umuahia, ngu ɓe ƴetti ñalnde Natal. Ɗum taƴii Biafra e feccere. Ñalnde 7 lewru Yarkomaa 1970, o ummini ndeen « Operation Tail-Wind », o heɓti laana ndiwoowa Uli ñalnde 12 lewru Yarkomaa. E oon sahaa, ardiiɓe Biafran njaɓi yoɓde. Ñalnde 13 lewru nduu, Obasanjo jokkondiri e komandaajo konu Biafran biyeteeɗo Philip Effiong. Obasanjo wi'i sooja'en Biafran hokka balmi maɓɓe, nden boo suɓol ardiiɓe lesdi ndi'i ɗon yaha Lagos, ɓe hokka Gowon dow laawol. Janngo mum, Obasanjo haali e rajo diiwaan oo, o wiyi ɓiɓɓe leydi ndi yo njokku e galleeji mum en, o dartina kisal mum en. Biafranaaɓe heewɓe e jaayɗe goɗɗe ina kuli wonde konu leydi Najeriya ina waawi waɗde bonanndeeji keewɗi e yimɓe foolɓe ɓee, hay so tawii noon Obasanjo ina yiɗi haɗde ɗum. O yamiri konu makko e nder diiwaan hee yo heddo e nder galleeji mum en, jokkude wonde polis nokku oo ina foti ƴettude kuule ngam ƴellitde sariya e deeƴre. Division tataɓo, ɓurɗo woɗɗude, waɗii hareeji warngooji e yimɓe nokku oo. Obasanjo ina tiiɗi e waɗooɓe bonannde ndee, sibu waɗɓe warngooji ɗii mberlaama, waɗɓe warngooji ɗii mbardaa. Laamu Gowon waɗi Obasanjo kalfinaaɗo naatnude Biafra e nder leydi Najeriya, e nder oon darnde o heɓi teddungal ngam teeŋtinde mawngu. Ko o injenieer, o teeŋtinii artirde jolngo ndiyam ; haa lewru mee 1970 gure mawɗe diiwaan oo fof njokkondirii e jolngo ndiyam. Darnde Obasanjo e timminde wolde nde waɗi mo jaambaaro wolde, kadi ko o neɗɗo ganndiraaɗo e nder leydi Najeriya. Kuugal maako ɓaawo konu lesdi: 1970-1975 E lewru suwee 1970, Obasanjo arti Abeokuta, jamaanu jaɓɓii mo no jaambaaro garoowo nii. Ndeen o neldaama to Lagos, o woni Brigadier gardinooɗo Korse Innjiniyankooɓe. E lewru oktoobar, Gowon hollitii wonde laamu militeer en ina rokka laamu nguu laamu siwil e hitaande 1976. E nder ɗuum, haɗde lanndaaji politik ina heddii e doole ; Gowon yahri yeeso seeɗa e sosde laamu siwil. E les laamu sooja'en, Obasanjo jooɗi nder goomu limngal sooja'en lesdi Naajeeriya, ko laarani limngal sooja'en lesdi Naajeeriya nder duuɓi 1970. E hitaande 1974 Obasanjo yahi to leydi Angalteer ngam janngude to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Royal College to bannge diine. Nde o arti, e lewru Yarkomaa 1975 Gowon toɗɗii mo Komisariyaa Golle e Koɗki, golle ɗe o joginoo fotde lebbi jeeɗiɗi, e nder ɗuum o ɓuri waawde mahde kaɓirɗe konu. E hitaande 1970, Obasanjo soodi sosiyatee Libannaajo ɓooyɗo to Ibadan, o gollini heen awokaa ngam ƴellitde ɗum. E hitaande 1973 o winnditii fedde wiyeteende Temperance Enterprises Limited, nde o waawi waɗde heen golle njulaagu caggal nde o woppi golle konu. O jokki kadi e waɗde heen jawdi ; e hitaande 1974 o joginoo galleeji ɗiɗi to Lagos e gooto fof to Ibadan e Abeokuta. Haalaaji ummii wonde Obasanjo ina jokki e waɗde njulaagu nguu ina ɓeydoo yaajde e nder leydi Najeriya, hay so tawii noon alaa ko holliti ɗum ko laaɓti. Dewgal makko e Oluremi wonti caɗeele nde o salii jokkondiral makko e rewɓe woɗɓe. E cakkital kitaale 1970 dewgal maɓɓe fusi. E hitaande 1976 o resi Stella Abebe e nder kewu aadaaji Yoruba. E nder laamu Murtala Kuudetaa 1975 e caggal mum Binndanɗe mawɗe: Kuudetaa laamu Nijeer e hitaande 1975 e Kawtal konu Nijeer (1966–1979) E lewru sulyee 1975, kuudetaa e gardagol Shehu Muusaa Yar’Adua e Yuusuf Garba liɓi Gowon, o dogi fayti Angalteer. Ɓe kaalaani Obasanjo e peeje maɓɓe nde tawnoo omo anndiraa wonde kuudetaa ko kuutorgal waylude laamu. Kuudetaaji ɗii njiɗnoo ko lomtinde laamu otokaraasi Gowon nguu e laamu tati (triumvirate) brigadieruuji tati ɗi Diiso Toowngo Konu ina waawi haɗde kuule mum en. Ngalɗoo laamu tati, ɓe cemmbini Seneraal Murtala Muhammed yo won hooreejo leydi, Obasanjo woni ɗiɗaɓo e gardagol mum, Danjuma woni tataɓo. Daartoowo biyeteeɗo John Iliffe teskiima wonde e nder triumvirate, Obasanjo ko « puccu gollordu e ngaandi » , ko kanko ɓuri yaawde hootde e laamu siwil. E nder heen, triumvirate oo naatni peeje ustude ngalu ngam haɗde inflation, sosi Biro toppitiiɗo ko fayti e golle bonɗe, lomtini guwerneeruuji militeer en ɗii fof ofiseeji kesi, ɓe cifotoo ko Obasanjo woni hooreejo konu, ɓe puɗɗii "Operation Deadwood" mo ɓe ndartini ofiseeji civil 11,000. Mawɗo gollordu, suudu sarɗiiji: 1975–76 E lewru oktoobar 1975, laamu nguu hollitii peeje ngam waɗde woote ɗe mbaɗata ngam laamu siwil e lewru oktoobar 1979. Ngu hollitii kadi peeje ngam sosde goomu ngam ƴettude doosgal leydi kesal, tawi ko Obasanjo ɓuri waawde suɓaade terɗe goomu nguu 49. E dow wasiyaaji Komiseer Irifeke, laamu nguu hollitii kadi sosde dowlaaji jeeɗiɗi kesi ; e dow tiiɗnaare Obasanjo, Abeokuta ina foti wonde laamorgo gooto e ɗeen dowlaaji kesi, hono Ogun. Kadi dow wasiyaaji komitiiru ndun, ɓe anndini anniyaaji seeɗa-seeɗa ngam wurtinki laamorgo lesdi Naajeeriya diga Lagos haa Abuja ɓurduɗum caka. E lewru Yarkomaa 1976, Obasanjo e Danjuma fof ƴettaa e jappeere Lietnaa-Seneraal. Murtala e Obasanjo fof ina ndartini darnde ngam haɗde koloñaal Oropnaaɓe jokkude e njiimaandi ɓaleeɓe tokosɓe e nder Afrik worgo, ɗum noon ko huunde nde ɓe cuɓii e politik maɓɓe caggal leydi. Ngolɗoo sabaabu ina ɓeydoo wontude ngoƴa Obasanjo. Caggal nde Angolaa heɓti jeytaare mum e juuɗe Portigaal, wolde ɓesngu addi e leydi hee. Naajeeriya anndi laabi laamu ngu MPLA, fedde marxist en nde Dental Sowiyet walli, sabu laamu luulndiingu FNLA e UNITA ina mballita e laamu ɓaleeɓe tokosɓe to Afrik worgo. Ko jiidaa e rokkude MPLA ballal kaalis, Niiseer fuɗɗiima ƴattaade leyɗeele Afrik goɗɗe ngam kadi jaɓde njuɓɓudi MPLA, e fuɗɗoode hitaande 1976 ko ɓuri heewde e dowlaaji e nder Fedde Ngootaagu Afrik (OAU) mbaɗii ɗum. E lewru feebariyee 1976, Obasanjo ardii delegaasiyoŋ Najeriya ngam mawninde hitaande MPLA to Luanda, ɗo o wiyi : « ko ñalngu maantiniingu, ko ɗum fuɗɗoode hare sakkitiinde ngam haɓaade koloñaal, imperiyaalisma e njiyaagu e nder Afrik ». Warngo Murtala : 13 feebariyee 1976 E lewru feebariyee 1976, kolonel Buka Suka Dimka waɗi kuudetaa e laamu Nijeer, tawi ko ndeen Seneraal Murtala Muhammed waraa. Eɓɓoore kadi waɗaama e nguurndam Obasanjo, kono neɗɗo mo fotaani waraa. Dimka ŋakkiraa ballal mawngal e nder militeer en, kuudetaa makko ronki, ɗum addani mo dogde. Obasanjo tawtoraaki wirwirnde Murtala to Kano, kono o hollitii laamu nguu ina jogori yoɓde mahngo juulirde e nokku ɗo o wirnaa ɗoo. Caggal nde o waraa, Obasanjo tawtoraama batu Diiso Toowngo Konu. O hollitii yiɗde makko woppude laamu, kono Diiso ngoo heɓiino ɗaɓɓude yo o lomto Murtala e gardagol leydi ndii. Ko ɗum waɗi o wonti hooreejo diiso ngoo.E nder kulhuli makko e ɓeydagol eɓɓooji e nguurndam makko, Obasanjo naati e nder kasoo Dodan, tawi 39 neɗɗo tuumaaɗo wonde e nder kuudetaa Dimka mbaraa, ɗum jibini tuumeede wonde jaabawol Obasanjo ngol ina heewi. Ko Obasanjo woni hooreejo leydi ndi, o huniima jokkude dawrugol Murtala. Hooreejo leydi konu (1976-1979) Triumvirat konu E anndude kulhuli gonɗi e woɗɗude yimɓe woyla Naajeeriya, Obasanjo addi Seneraal Shehu Yar'Adua ngam lomtaade mo e ɗiɗaɓo e gardagol hooreejo konu, gardiiɗo jaagorɗe toowɗo timminoowo triumvirate militeer en, Obasanjo woni hooreejo leydi e Seneraal Theophilus Stajumabli ngam laamaade dow tato we- laamu konu. Obasanjo hirjinii jeewte e nanondiral hakkunde Diiso Toowngo Konu. Heewɓe ina kaawaa hol ko waɗi Obasanjo – hono Yoruba e Kerecee – toɗɗaade Yar’Adua, tergal e aristokraasi worgo, yo won gardiiɗo ɗiɗaɓo mum, wonaa banndiiko Yoruba Kerecee. Obasanjo teeŋtinii kulhuli ngenndiiji e dow ɗi diiwanuuji ɗii ; o hirjini sukaaɓe e mawɓe fof nde njanngata fodoore ngenndiire hesere ndee e jimɗi ngenndiiji ɗii. Nafoore heɓde miijooji ɓurɗi yaajde, ñalnde aset kala omo waɗa seminar mo alaa ko woni e mum so wonaa toɓɓere nde yimɓe ɓe ngonaa politikaaji e gollotooɓe laamu noddata. Ina jeyaa e ɓe o ɗaɓɓirta wasiyaaji mum en, annduɓe lislaam e mawɓe aadaaji. Politik faggudu Obasanjo wondude e hooreejo leydi Amerik biyeteeɗo Jimmy Carter to galle laamorɗo Amerik e hitaande 1977 E cakkital kitaale 1970, leydi Naajeeriya ina joginoo faggudu ɓurndu heewde doole, tawi noon ko 34% e inflation. Ngam haɓugo bee caɗeele faggudu lesdi Naajeeriya, Obasanjo tokki dabareeji cemmbiɗinki ceede ngam ustugo ceede laamu. E nder bidsee makko 1976, Obasanjo eɓɓi ustude njoɓdi laamu nguu fotde feccere, ustude eɓɓaaɗe tedduɗe, tawa ina ɓeyda njoɓdi jaŋde, cellal, galleeji, e ndema. O sosi kadi goomu ngam haɓaade inflation, e nder hitaande wootere caggal nde Obasanjo heɓi laamu, inflation ustii haa 30%. Obasanjo ina heewi yiɗde ñamlude kaalis, kono e ballal Banke Adunayankeewo e Fonds Monétaire International, Nijeer ƴetti ñamlude miliyaaruuji 1 dolaar e fedde bankeeji. Ɓeen ñiŋooɓe leftist en mbiyi wonde waɗde ɗum ina addana leydi ndii ɗooftaade kapitaalisma. E nder duuɓi ɗiɗi garooji ɗii, laamu Obasanjo, Nijeer ƴettii 4 983 miliyoŋ dolaar goɗɗo. Naajeeriya ina wondi e ɓeydagol fotde 3% hitaande kala e nder kitaale 1970, huunde nde fotnoo ɓeydaade fotde laabi ɗiɗi e nder duuɓi 25 seeɗa. Obasanjo teskiima caggal ɗuum wonde o anndaa ɗum e oon sahaa, sibu laamu makko alaa politik e ƴellitde yimɓe. Ɓeydagol yimɓe leydi Naajeeriya addani ɓe ɓeydaade yaawde e nder gure mawɗe e ŋakkeende cuuɗi e nder gure. Ngam haɓaade ɗum, bidsee Obasanjo e hitaande 1976 hollitii peeje mahngo 200 000 galle keso haa hitaande 1980, hay so tawii noon ko 28 500 tan mahaa.E hitaande 1976, laamu Obasanjo kadi hollitii wonde ina jogori ƴellitde renndo e cogguuli. Ngam haɓaade jiiɓru seppooji gollotooɓe, e hitaande 1976 laamu Obasanjo yaltinii sariyaaji cifotooɗi ko ɓuri heewde e gollorɗe mawɗe ko sarwisaaji baɗɗi faayiida, haɗi seppooji e nder mum en, yamiri nanngugol ardiiɓe senndikaaji jiiɓru. E hitaande 1978 nde hawriti senndikaaji 42 e nder fedde wootere nde gollotooɓe e leydi Nijeer. Obasanjo jokki bee taskaramji tati mawɗi ngam ndiyam haa woyla lesdi Naajeeriya ɗi arannde anndinaama les Murtala: taskaramji maayo Kano, taskaramji Bakalori, e taskaramji ndiyam Chad Sud. Laamu makko kadi jokki eɓɓooji ƴellitaare ndema puɗɗanooɗi to Funtua, Gusau, e Gombe. Won eɓɓaaɗe ƴellitgol laddeeji kadi puɗɗaama ngam haɗde njiimaandi Saharaa to bannge worgo. Ngam heɓde ko ɓuri heewde e ɗaɓɓaande leydi ndii e kuuraa, Obasanjo ardiima udditgol eɓɓaaɗe ɗiɗi kese ngam ƴellitde kuuraa e nder ndiyam e ƴulɓe. Industry petrol heddii ko huunde mawnde e faggudu leydi Naajeeriya e les laamu Obasanjo, ministeer petrol hawtii e fedde petroŋ leydi Naajeeriya ngam sosde fedde petroŋ leydi Naajeeriya (NNPC). Obasanjo kadi wallitii sosde lowre liggorde to Bonny, nde NNPC yoɓi 62% ; eɓɓaande ndee ko lomto makko woppi ɗum e nder ɓeydagol coodguuli. Obasanjo jokki kadi e peewnugol njuɓɓudi njamndi mboɗeeri Ajaokuta, eɓɓaande ndonaandi nde heewɓe e ñiŋooɓe e nder sarwisaaji laamu mbiyata ko nde waawataa huutoreede. E nder cakkital kitaale 1970, Naajeeriya kadi ina wondi e ustaare ndema, ko ɗum huunde nde laamuuji jokkondirɗi ɗii njiyti ko ɓuri hoybude e naatde e nguura e nder leydi ndii. E lewru mee 1976, Obasanjo fuɗɗii « Operation Feed the Nation » (Operation Feed the Nation), woni eɓɓaande ngam wuurtinde ndema tokoosa, tawi ina jeyaa heen yoɓeede almudɓe ngam remde e nder balɗe juulde. Eɓɓaande ndee ina waɗi kadi momtugol njoɓɗeele e nguura jawdi e kaɓirɗe ndema, e ballal kuutoragol tovo ngo, e ustude njoɓɗeele ndema. E lewru marse 1978, Obasanjo yaltini kuulal kuutoragol leydi ndi rokki laamu nguu hakkeeji jeyi leydi e dow leydi ndii kala. Ɗum waɗiraa ko ngam haɗde njulaagu leydi e njulaagu leydi, kadi addani ɗum yetteede e bannge nano leydi Najeriya hay so tawii noon ko galleeji keewɗi jogiiɗi leydi njiɗaa ɗum. Obasanjo yiyri ɗum ko e geɗe teeŋtuɗe laamu mum. Obasanjo wallitorii reentaade Gowon ngam waɗde heen jawdi mum caggal leydi, o jokki e ɗeen politikaaji. Politik faggudu ngenndiyankaagal e nder sekteeruuji teeŋtuɗi ina usta njulaagu keeriiɗo, ɗum addani ɗum ustude njulaagu, hay so tawii noon daraniiɓe ɗum ɓee ina njetta Obasanjo ngam dartinde diisnondiral kaalis so renndinaama e ardiiɓe mum. Politikuuji nder leydi O (Obasanjo) jokki e ƴamol jaŋde leslesre winndereyankoore e nder leydi Najeriya, politik ronkaama e Gowon. O naatini sariya jaŋde leslesre e hitaande 1976 ; hakkunde 1975–76 e 1979–80, binnditagol e duɗe leslese ɗe njoɓaaka kono ɗe njiɗaa, ɓeydiima gila e miliyoŋaaji 6 haa 12,5 miliyoŋ, hay so tawii noon jannginooɓe e kaɓirɗe ina ŋakki ngam waawde huutoraade ɗaɓɓaande ndee. E hitaande jaŋde 1977–78, Obasanjo naatni jaŋde hakkundeere nde alaa ko yoɓetee e fannuuji karallaagal, huunde nde yaajnaa e denndaangal jaŋde hakkundeere e hitaande 1979–80. E oon sahaa gooto, leydi Naajeeriya ustii kaalis jaŋde toownde ; e hitaande 1978 nde woppi rokkude ñamaale almudɓe, nde ɓeydi fotde laabi tati njoɓdi nguura e hoɗorde duɗe jaaɓi haaɗtirde. Seppooji janngooɓe mbaɗi e nder gure keewɗe, waɗii warngooji baɗnooɗi e nder wuro Lagos e Zaria. E nder jaabawol fitinaaji ɗii, Obasanjo udditi duɗe jaaɓi-haaɗtirde keewɗe, haɗi golle politik e nder duɗe jaaɓi-haaɗtirde, haɗi kadi fedde janngooɓe leydi Najeriya. Tiiɗnaare ɗeen peeje ina gasa tawa ko sabu tuumeede wonde fitinaaji almudɓe ɗii ina njokkondiri e kuudetaa militeer peewnaaɗo e lewru feebariyee 1978. Obasanjo ina mettini e jikkuuji almudɓe seppooɓe ɓee, o wiyi wonde ɗum ina hollita ruttaade e nafooje aadaaji ko wayi no hormaade almudɓe. Ngam batte ɓamtaare laamu Naajeeriya, leydi ndi yi’i ɓamtaare mawnde nder kuuɗe laamu. Seedeeji peeñii ko feewti e fenaande mawnde e nder laamu leydi ndii, tee, so tawii tuume ɗee ina keewi waɗeede e Obasanjo e hoore mum, alaa seedeeji tiiɗɗi peeñi. Ngam haɗde natal njulaagu e nder laamu, laamu Obasanjo haɗii huutoraade otooji Mercedes ngam waɗde otooji laamu, e lomtaade ɗum en, ɓe mbaɗti heen otooji Peugeot 504 ɓurɗi hoybude Naatgol champagne kadi haɗaama. E ƴaañde taƴgol konu, laamu Obasanjo yiyri 12 000 soldaat ina ndartinaa e nder duuɓi 1976 e 1977. Ɗee konu njalti ko e nokkuuji kesi ngam wallitde ɗum en e jokkondirde e nguurndam siwil en. Obasanjo kadi ina tuuma wonde ko kañum woni sabaabu ƴaañgol politik. E nder yeewtere wootere maantiniinde, koɗorɗe jimoowo e daraniiɗo politik Najeriya biyeteeɗo Fela Kuti, Republique Kalakuta, yani, yani haa laaɓi, caggal nde tergal e fedde makko hawri e yimɓe konu. Fela e ɓesngu mum piyi, njuppaa, yumma mum mawɗo, daraniiɗo politik e yumma mum sosɗo Chief Funmilayo Ransome Kuti, werlaa e windo. Ɗum addani mo gaañiiɓe no feewi, haa arti noon e maayde makko. Fela caggal ɗuum nawti kees to galle hooreejo leydi ndii e oon sahaa to Dodan Barracks to Lagos ngam salaade ƴaañde laamu nguu e politik. Politik caggal leydi Hooreejo leydi Amerik biyeteeɗo Jimmy Carter ina wondi e Obasanjo e njillu mum to leydi Najeriya e hitaande 1978 Obasanjo ina yiɗi tabitinde leydi Najeriya no ardorde mawnde e nder Afrik nii, e nder laamu makko, doole mum e nder duunde nde ɓeydiima. O ummini dabare Gowon ngam waɗugo julde ɗiɗaɓre nder duuniyaaru ngam naalankaaku e pinal ɓaleeɓe e afriknaajo haa lesdi Naajeeriya; ɗum waɗi ko to Lagos e lewru feebariyee 1977, hay so tawii noon ñaawooɓe nder leydi ndii mbiyi ko ɗum huunde nde alaa ko nafata. Obasanjo hokkii ɗuuɗal teddungal dow Dental Faggudu lesɗe Afrik Hirnaange (ECOWAS) nden o mettini ɗuuɗɓe nder terɗe maako ɗemngal Farayse ɓaawo o wi'i, bana no Naajeeriya ɓuri wallugo ceede ngam hukuuma kan, Naajeeriya foti jaɓɓaago hukuumaaji pamari ɗin haa Lagos. Jokkondiral e Ganaa ɓadiiɗo kadi ustii ; e hitaande 1979, leydi Nijeer taƴii petroŋ e nder leydi ndii ngam salaade warngooji luulndiiɓe politik ɗi laamu kesu ngu Jerry Rawlings wari. E laamu Obasanjo, Naajeeriya ustii jokkondiral mum juutngal e leydi Angalteer, ɓeydi jokkondirde e leyɗeele dentuɗe Amerik. Obasanjo ina yiɗi laamu hooreejo leydi Amerik biyeteeɗo Jimmy Carter, cuɓaaɗo e hitaande 1976, sabu Carter ina joginoo darnde tiiɗnde ngam tabitinde laamu ɓurngu heewde e Afrik worgo. Ambasadeer Carter to leydi Nijeer, hono Andrew Young, waɗii sehilaagal tiiɗngal e Obasanjo, Carter yilliima leydi Nijeer e hitaande 1978. Kono tan, kuulal ngam waylude alkule ɗee waɗiraa ko ngam dalillaaji laaɓtuɗi, wonaa miijooji ; yiytude petroŋ e nder maayo worgo firti ko Angalteer wontii ƴaañoowo wonaa soodoowo petroŋ Nijeer.Laamu Obasanjo kadi ina mettini heen no feewi nde Angalteer salii yoɓde Gowon, ina sikka wonde laamu Angalteer ina waawi wonde e kuudetaa mo Murtala waɗi. Ngam ɗeeɗoo hujjaaji, e hitaande 1976 nde miijii dartinde jokkondiral dipolomaasi e Angalteer, kono haa jooni nde dartinaani. Obasanjo noon saliima yahde Angalteer, o semmbini ardiiɓe makko waɗde ɗum. Jokkondiral ngal ɓeydii bonde nde Margaret Thatcher wonti gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi Angalteer e hitaande 1979, o fuɗɗii waɗde feere ɓurnde welde e njuɓɓudi laamu ɓaleeɓe tokosɓe to Rodesi e Afrik worgo. E nder jaabawol ngol, Naajeeriya nanngi laanawol ndiyam lesdi Naajeeriya, ngol ɓe tammi ɗon nastina petrol Naajeeriya haa lesdi Naajeeriya, ɓe haɗi hukuumaaji pamari Biritaniya ngam heɓugo kuuɗe Naajeeriya, ɓe nastini kuuɗe BP haa lesdi Naajeeriya. Obasanjo ina yiɗi kadi yaawnaade joofnude laamu ɓaleeɓe tokosɓe e nder Afrik worgo ; e wiyde Iliffe, ɗum wonti « cakkital politik makko caggal leydi ». Naajeeriya hokki ballal ngam haɓugo bee laamu daneeji nder diiwal ngal, hokki hukuumaaji pamari ɗi'i uddita birooji haa Lagos, nden hokki hukuumaaji pamari ɗin ɗon hokka mooɓgal feere-feere dogguɓe laamuuji lesdi Afrika fombinaari. E ƴettude peeje tiiɗɗe ngam haɓaade laamu apartaayd to Afrik worgo, Obasanjo hollitii wonde Nijeer naatataa e Olimpiyaaji 1976 sabu leydi Nuwel Selannde, tawtoraaɗo kawgel ngel, ina joginoo jokkondiral e Afrik worgo, leydi ndi haɗaa tawtoreede kawgel ngel sabu apartaayd. E hitaande 1977, Obasanjo haɗi kala kontraaji jokkondirɗi e Afrik worgo golloraade e nder leydi Nijeer ; sosiyateeji mawɗi ɗi njippii ɗii ko petroŋ Angalteer e Banke Barclays. E ndeen hitaande kadi, leydi Nijeer yuɓɓinii batu Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe ngam haɓaade apartaayd to Lagos, Obasanjo yilliima Amerik e lewru oktoobar ɗo o wiyi leydi ndii yo woppu yeeyde kaɓirɗe to Afrik worgo. Nde o woni nder leydi ndi'i o wolwi haa kawtal hoore lesdi ndi'i nden asaweeje ɗiɗi ɓaawo man Naajeeriya heɓi jooɗorde nder kawtal lesdi ndi'i. Fiilde Margaret Thatcher e hitaande 1979 ngam wonde gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi Angalteer, addani jokkondiral Angalteer e Niiseer bonnude ; Obasanjo miijii ko o yurmeende no feewi e laamuuji daneeji tokoosi e nder Afrik worgo Luulndaade laamu ɓaleeɓe tokosɓe e nder leydi Rodesi, addaniino hare Bush e nder leydi Rodesi, laamu Obasanjo ina jokki e wiyde wonde ko hare balɗe tan woni feere ngam foolde laamu Rodesi. O hirjinii ngootaagu hakkunde pelle ceertuɗe luulndiiɗe laamu toon, o wiyi Robert Mugabe, hooreejo ZANU, yo jaɓ ardaade luulndiiɗo makko, hono Joshua Nkomo mo ZAPU. E hitaande 1977, Angalteer e Amerik ciifi eɓɓaaɗe ngam waylude laamu ɓurngu heewde e Rodesi, e nder yonta mo leydi ndii woni e les njiimaandi doole Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe. Obasanjo jaɓii eɓɓaande ndee, o yilliima Tansani, Sammbi, Mosammbik, e Republiik Demokaratik Konngo ngam wiyde laamuuji mum en yo mbaɗ noon. Kono caggal nde Thatcher wonti gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi Angalteer, leydi Nijeer woɗɗitii hoore mum e darnde Angalteer ngam haɗde wolde Bush Rhodesian, o woppitaa kala darnde teeŋtunde e nder golle ɗe Angalteer waɗi, ɗe ngaddani wooteeji demokaraasi ɗi leƴƴi keewɗi mbaɗi e hitaande... Ko o hooreejo leydi, Obasanjo tawtoraama batuuji OAU. E oon sahaa yuɓɓinaa e lewru sulyee 1977, o eɓɓi sosde goomu jooɗiiɗo ngam haɓaade luural hakkunde leyɗeele jeyaaɗe e OAU. E batu 1978, o jeertinii wonde banngeeji ɗiɗi ɗii fof ina poti naatde e wolde huuɓtodinnde. E nder batu garoowo oo, o wiyi yo konu Pan-Afriknaajo sose, baawɗo waɗde golle ngam hisnude jam e nder duunde he. Ngam ɓamtuki darnde lesdi Naajeeriya nder duuniyaaru, Obasanjo nasti nder kuuɗe feere-feere ɗe lesdi Naajeeriya nder Afrika fuu. E hitaande 1977, o heɓtinii Benin e Togo yoo ndartin luural hakkunde keeri mum en, nguddita keeri mum en. O etinooma kadi haɓaade luural hakkunde leyɗeele keewɗe Fuɗnaange Afrik, o haɗa ɗum kadi ruttaade e Dental Fuɗnaange Afrik, kono o dañii heen caɗeele. Ko o hooreejo goomu jokkondire OAU, o etinooma jokkondire Ogaden hakkunde Ecoppi e Somali kono kadi o dañaani. O waawaano kadi feewnude luural peeñngal hakkunde Angalteer e leydi Konngo. E innde OAU, Obasanjo waɗii batu to Kano ngam haɓaade hare hakkunde leyɗeele Caad. Feddeeji keewɗi njaɓii darnude wolde, sosde laamu ngootaagu ngenndi, e accude konu leydi Najeriya ina waɗa jam. Hare nden noon jokki, Naajeeriya jaabtii e taƴde petroŋ mum to Caad. Koolol ɗiɗmol ko faati e hare ndee waɗii to Lagos e lewru ut 1979, ɗum addani laamu nguu sosde laamu nguu, ngu juutaani. E hitaande sakkitiinde e laamu makko konu, o ardii golle OAU ngam safrude wolde Saharaa hirnaange. Jaltugol laamu Laamu militeer en hawri ko e goomu ƴettugol doosɗe leydi ngam ƴettude doosgal kesal potngal huutoreede e nder mbayliigu laamu siwil. Goomu nguu hollitii wonde Naajeeriya ina foti waylude laamu mum, ngu tuugii ko e laamu parlemaa leydi Angalteer, ngu tuugnii e laamu hooreejo leydi Amerik, ɗo hooreejo leydi gooto cuɓaaɗo woni hooreejo leydi e hooreejo laamu. Ngam haɗude oo hooreejo leydi wontude diktatoor, hono no waɗirnoo e nokkuuji goɗɗi e nder Afrik nii, o ɗaɓɓi ƴeewndorɗe keewɗe e doole maɓɓe, haa arti noon e njuɓɓudi fedde nde, ɗo juɓɓule cuɓaaɗe keertiiɗe ngoni ɗoo e to bannge fedde, to bannge dowri, to bannge nokkuuji. Eɓɓaande doosgal leydi ndii yaltinaa ko e lewru oktoobar 1976, nde yeewtidaa e yeeso yimɓe fof e hitaande aroore ndee.Asamblee doosgal leydi hawri ngam yeewtidde e eɓɓaande doosgal leydi ndii e lewru oktoobar 1977. Asaambele leydi ndii ina jokki e ƴeewde hol darnde nde sariya sharia rokkata e nder doosgal leydi ndii. Obasanjo noddii dental ngal, o jeertini ɓe batte kuulal ngal ɓe mbaɗi e renndo, o wiyi ɓe yo ɓe ƴettu jikkuuji ɓurɗi moƴƴude. E lewru suwee 1978, Diiso toowngo konu (Conseil suprême militaire) habri doosɗe leydi kese ɗee ; nde waɗiino waylooji keewɗi e mbaydi ndi asaambele doosgal leydi ndii ƴetti. Yanti e doosgal kesal ngal, Obasanjo itti haɗde lanndaaji politik. Ndeen pelle keewɗe mbaɗii ngam tawtoreede wooteeji garooji ɗii, ko ɓuri teeŋtude heen ko lannda ngootaagu Yoruba, lannda yimɓe Naajeeriya, e lannda ngenndiijo Naajeeriya. Obasanjo mettini heen no feewi nde tawnoo heewɓe e dawriyankooɓe ina mbaɗa fodoore nde ɓe mbaawataa ɗooftaade. Woote ɗee mbaɗi ko e nder lewru sulyee e lewru ut 1979. Wootooɓe ɓee ina pamɗi, ko hakkunde 30 e 40% e wootooɓe winnditiiɓe e sariya, tee ina waɗi fenaande banngeeji keewɗi, hay so tawii noon ko jam. Wonno ko jeewte ko fayti e hol keɓɗo woote hooreleydaagu, Obasanjo salii ñaawde, o wiyi yo Komisariyaa woote ƴetta oon darnde.Ɓe kollitii wonde Shehu Shagari woni keɓɗo, huunde nde gardiiɗo ɗiɗaɓo oo, hono Obafemi Awolowo, luulndii to Ñaawirde Toownde, tawi o dañaani heen nafoore. Shagari ƴetti laamu ko e lewru oktoobar 1979 ; e nder kewu udditgol makko, Obasanjo rokki Shagari koppi doosgal leydi kesal. Ko ɗum woni fuɗɗoode Republique ɗiɗaɓere leydi Najeriya. Darnde Obasanjo nder wartirki lesdi Naajeeriya haa laamu siwil, ɗum laatoto darnde woore nde o jogi nder duuɓi cappanɗe ɗiɗi garooji. Kono yimɓe heewɓe e nder leydi ndii e caggal leydi, ina jeyaa heen hooreejo leydi Zambie, hono Kenneth Kaunda e hooreejo leydi Togo, hono Gnassingbé Eyadéma, ina ɗaɓɓi e makko yo o heddo e laamu. Jaɓde makko wallitde Awolowo, banndiiko Yoruba, addani mo gaño ko heewi e elite Yoruba. Awolowo tuumi Obasanjo ko kanko woni orkestraaji Shagari, huunde nde Obasanjo yeddi no feewi. Ko adii laamu (1979-1999) Ko adii nde o yaltata laamu, e lewru abriil 1979, Obasanjo ƴetti hoore mum e darnde seneraal ; ko o seneraal koode nay o jokki e heɓde njoɓdi dowla. Nde o woppi golle e lewru oktoobar, o arti Abeokuta. Caggal nde o waɗi kursus jonte jeegom to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde heblo ndema, Obasanjo ƴetti hoore mum e ndema, omo ɗaminii waɗde yeru e hirjinde ƴellitaare ndema. O heɓi ko famɗi fof 230 ektaar leydi to Ota ngam sosde ngesa makko, o naati ɗoon e galle ngesa birik. Wonno ko gaññeeje nokkuyankooje e dañde leydi ndi haa heewi, ñaawirɗe keewɗe ngaddaama e makko sabu ɗuum. Golle makko ndema yuɓɓinaama e fedde makko wiyeteende Temperance, caggal ɗuum o inniri ɗum « Obasanjo’s Farms Limited ». O waɗti heen hakkille teeŋtuɗo e ndema colli ; e cakkital kitaale 1980, ngesa makko ina ɓuuɓna 140 000 cukalel e yontere. O sosi kadi gese e nder gure goɗɗe to bannge worgo-fuɗnaange, e hitaande 1987 gese makko ina njogii ko ina tolnoo e 400 gollotooɗo e nokkuuji jeetati. Hono no yimɓe Yoruba woɗɓe lolluɓe nii, Obasanjo ina wallitnoo almudɓe miskineeɓe to duɗal makko ɓooyngal to Abeokuta. Obasanjo ɓeydii ñiŋde laamu siwil Shagari, o wiyi hooreejo leydi ndii ina famɗi semmbe, ina ŋakkiraa peeje. Naajeeriya nasti nder ɓillaaji faggudu ngam waylaaki coggu petrol nder duuniyaaru. E lewru mee 1983, mawɓe konu ɗaɓɓiri Obasanjo nde ƴettata laamu leydi ndii kadi, kono o salii. E lewru desaambar, ɓe liɓi Shagari tawi Obasanjo alaa heen, e nder kuudetaa mo yiyaani fitinaaji seeɗa. Muhammadu Buhari laati hooreejo lesdi sooje'en keso. Obasanjo fuɗɗii wallugo laamu Buhari, o wi'i demokaraasi wakiili'en ɗon ƴaɓɓitoo haa lesdi Naajeeriya. O yetti Buhari ngam haɓugo bee cemmbiɗinki lesdi, o ɗon mari feccere nder nastirde lesdi, nden o ɗon wartira budget booɗɗum. E lewru ut 1985, Buhari kadi liɓaama, hooreejo konu Ibraahiima Babangida ƴetti laamu. Obasanjo ina ñiŋa won e peeje faggudu ɗe Babangida waɗi, haa arti noon e ustude njoɓdi naira. E hitaande 1992, luulndaare makko e laamu Babangida addani mo noddude yo leydi Najeriya artire demokaraasi. O fuɗɗii kadi salaade politikaaji faggudu (indigenisation) e kitaale 1970, o wiyi doosɗe leydi ina poti haɗde ƴettugol jawdi caggal leydi. E nder ɗuum, o sikki laamu nguu ina foti teeŋtinde ƴellitaare nde laamu nguu ardii. O ɓeydii hulɓinaade ko ɓeydagol yimɓe, toɓɓere nde o yejjitaani nde o woni e laamu, o wiyi Naajeeriyankooɓe yo njogo ɓesnguuji tokoosi "ngam nafoore faggudu maɓɓe e renndo-faggudu ngenndi". E nder duuɓi sappo e go’o caggal nde Obasanjo woppi laamu, o yaltinii defte nay. E hitaande 1980, Obasanjo wonnoo ko tedduɗo to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Ibadan, ɗo o winndi deftere wiyeteende My Command, daartol ko faati e geɗe makko e nder wolde hakkunde leyɗeele ; nde yalti ko e lewru noowammbar ndeen hitaande. Won e janngooɓe ñiŋii ko ɓe njiyri ko Obasanjo ina ŋakkira Murtala Muhammed, Robert Adeyinka Adebayo, mawɗo politik Yoruba, wiyi yo deftere ndee yaltine ngam haɗde nde aawde feccere. Ƴeewirde ɓurnde moƴƴude ndee waɗi ko sehil makko, hono Ken Saro-Wiwa, o innitiri ɗum masterly kono o sikki ko ɗum waɗi ballal rewindaade no feewi. E hitaande 1987, o yaltini Nzeogwu, deftere ciimtol sehil makko Chukwuma Nzeogwu, mo o gollodtonoo to Konngo. Hitaande 1989, deftere Obasanjo yaltini, wiyeteende Doosgal leydi ngam naatgol e ƴellitaare, nde o jeertini e hujjaaji Babangida ngam sosde laamu lanndaaji ɗiɗi e nder leydi Najeriya. E hitaande 1990, deftere makko tataɓere, wiyeteende Not my volonté yalti. Nde rokki ciimtol sahaa nde o laaminoo leydi ndii. Golle hakkunde leyɗeele: 1979-1993 E hitaande 1986 Obasanjo jokkondiri e Nelson Manndelaa. O hollitii wonde "ko kawral ngal meeɗaa yejjiteede. Mi yiyii e [Mandelaa] Afriknaajo worgo, ko Afriknaajo tigi rigi, kadi ko gardiiɗo winndere mo alaa ko woni e mum. O ɓuri ardiiɓe ɓe min kawri e mum en e nder Afrik worgo ɓee fof." E yiɗde jogaade semmbe e dingiral winnderewal, Obasanjo udditi Fedde Ardorde Afrik e nder ngesa mum Ota. Tuggi 1981 haa 1982, o jooɗiima kadi e Komiseer Palme, fedde nde gonnooɗo gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi Suwed, hono Olof Palme ardii, yeewtidnde ko fayti e ustude kaɓirɗe e kisal winndere. Obasanjo rewi heen ko e jeyeede e goomuuji nannduɗi e ɗii ɗoo, wonande Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe, Fedde Adunaare Cellal, e Goomu hakkunde-leyɗeewu ardiiɓe laamuuji ɓooyɗi. Nde Javier Pérez de Cuéllar, hooreejo Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe rafi, Obasanjo hiisetee ko potɗo lomtaade mo. Caggal nde Pérez de Cuéllar holliti woppii laamu, Obasanjo fuɗɗii kampaañ ngam lomtaade mo. E woote Goomu Kisal Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe, o woni tataɓo, tawi ko Boutros Boutros-Ghali, Ejiptnaajo, ƴetti darnde ndee. O yalti galle makko e njilluuji keewɗi; e hitaande 1986 o yilliima Japon, e hitaande 1987 o yilliima U.S. E nder luural hakkunde leyɗeele dentuɗe Amerik ngam yiɗde ɓurde yooɗde e Afrik worgo, nanondiraama wonde fedde wiyeteende Eminent Persons Group (EPG) ina sosee ngam fuɗɗoraade kaaldigal e laamu Afrik worgo ngam wallitde ɗum e ustude apartaayd. E dow wasiyaaji cukko hooreejo leydi Naajeeriya, hono Emeka Anyaoku, Obasanjo suɓaama ngam ardaade fedde nde e wonndude e gonnooɗo gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi Ostarali, hono Malcolm Fraser. Obasanjo jaɓi e dow fenaande. E lewru feebariyee 1986, kanko e Fraser ɓe njahi to wuro wiyeteengo Cape Town ɗo ɓe naamndii ngam hawritde e Nelson Manndelaa, daraniiɗo apartaayd, tergal mawngal e nder fedde wiyeteende Congres National Africaine (ANC) haɗaande. Ko Obasanjo tan yamiraa jokkondirde e Manndelaa ; o wiyi caggal ɗuum wonde omo weltii e makko no feewi. Ndeen Obasanjo hawrii e mawɓe ANC wonɓe e egguɓe to Lusaka. E lewru marse 1986, EPG oo fof yilliima Afrik worgo, e nder yonta mo jiiɓru e fitinaaji nder galleeji ɓeydii mawnude.Ko ɗoon ɓe kawri e mawɓe laamu nguu, ina jeyaa heen gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi ndii hono P. W. Botha, mo Obasanjo siftini caggal ɗuum wonde ko neɗɗo ɓurɗo muñde mo meeɗaa hawrude. Ciimtol EPG ngol hollitii wonde, so tawii ko ɓuri heewde e yimɓe Afrik worgo ina njiɗi nanondiral ngal alaa ko bonnata hakkunde laamu nguu e pelle luulndiiɗe apartaayd, gadano oo yiɗaa miijaade ɗum, tee alaa ko yahri yeeso no feewi ngam joofnude apartaayd. EPG noon hollitii wonde ina haani ɓeydaade tiiɗnaade e nder winndere ndee. Goomu Commonwealth jaɓii ko ciimtol ngol holliti, tawi Angalteer ina luulndii ɗum ; ɗum addani Obasanjo ɓeydaade mettinde Thatcher. Ndeen Commonwealth yamirii mo yo o ardo goomu ngam yuurnitaade ko Dowlaaji Dentuɗi ɗii poti daranaade koye mum en e njiimaandi Afrik worgo. Caggal nde Botha lomtinaa F. W. de Klerk, ooɗoo ɗiɗaɓo yaltini Manndelaa kasoo. Ina jeyaa e ɗanle Mandelaa gadane caggal leydi, to Niiseer, ɗo o yilli Obasanjo to galle mum. Lebbi ɗiɗi caggal ɗuum, Obasanjo ardii delegaasiyoŋ Najeriya to Afrik worgo ngam yeewtidde e yimɓe mawɓe politik. E lewru suwee 1991, o yilliima kadi, o wiyi hooreejo Zulu en, hono Mangosuthu Buthelezi, yo waɗ kaaldigal e pelle goɗɗe ngam wallitde dartinde apartaayd e waɗde woote timmuɗe. Obasanjo kadi golliima e ƴellitaare nokkuuji goɗɗi e nder Afrik. O yilliima Angalteer laabi ɗiɗi e nder hitaande 1988, o wallitii e darnde ngam joofnude wolde hakkunde leyɗeele toon. O yilliima kadi Sudaan laabi tati hakkunde 1987 e 1989, tawi o dañaani heen nafoore, o hirjinii kaaldigal ngam joofnude wolde ɗiɗmere Sudaan. Ndeen o wonii ƴeewoowo e wooteeji gardagol leydi Mosammbik e hitaande 1994. E hitaande 1994 e 1995, o yilliima Burundi, o golliima ngam deeƴnude caɗeele hakkunde leƴƴi Hutu en e Tutsi en. O fuɗɗinooma noddude jokkondiral ɓurngal ɓadaade e nder Afrik, o wiyi ɗum ina waawi heɓtineede e sosde feddeeji jeegom diiwaanuuji. E lewru suwee 1987, o ƴettiino peeje ngam yuɓɓinde Fedde Ardorde Afrik, nde wallitta rokkude karallaagal e heblo wonande politikaaji ummoriiɗi e duunde he kala. Nde fuɗɗii waɗde batuuji, anndiraaɗi « Dialogues de la maison de la ferme » , gila e galle Obasanjo fotde laabi jeegom e nder hitaande. Kadi nde waɗii batuuji winndereeji kala lewru, nde yaltinii jaaynde kala lewru, wiyeteende “Forum Afrique” hakkunde 1991 e 1993. Haɓde e Abacha: 1992-1995 Obasanjo hollitii kulhuli mum, sibu, hay so tawii o wiyi ina wallita gartugol demokaraasi, Babangida alaa ko anniyaaki so wonaa woppude laamu konu. Caggal nde wooteeji gardagol leydi ndi ndarnaa e hitaande 1992, Obasanjo e Anthony Enahoro ndarni fedde ngam demokaraasi e laamu moƴƴu e nder leydi Najeriya. Joɗnde adannde fedde ndee hawri ko e 31 neɗɗo politik nder leydi to Ota e lewru mee 1993. Wooteeji mbaɗi caggal ɗuum e lewru suwee 1993, tawi yimɓe seeɗa tawtoraama. Moshood Abiola mo lannda Social Democratic (SDP) heɓi, kono Babangida ndeen woppii njeñtudi woote ɗee, fodaniino woote ɗiɗmere ko ɓooyaani. SDP salii kala woote ɗiɗmere nde tawnoo ɓe mbiyi ko kanndidaa maɓɓe heɓiino woote gadane ɗee. Ndeen Babangida jaɓii woppude laamu ngam suɓaade laamu siwil jooɗiiɗo, ngu Ernest Shonekan ardii, ngu heɓi laamu e lewru ut 1993, ngu ƴetti peeje ngam waɗde wooteeji kesi e lewru feebariyee 1994. Seneraal Sani Abacha siftinii gooto e gorko gooto, mo wondude e do-gooders woɗɓe, eɓɓi ñaamde wumre ndee. Heddiiɓe ɓee mbayliima tan, oo Samariyanke nannduɗo e moƴƴo [...] arti ngam ƴettude pot suukara e juuɗe wumre ndee ngam hoore mum. Kadi, ko ɓuri heewde e men Nijeernaaɓe, ko en ƴeewooɓe, en mbeltiima. E nder kala sababuuji, ŋakkaani tawtoraaɓe e ñaamde ndee. Kadi ɓe ngoppaani batte moraal. — Obasanjo, e dow kuudetaa Sani Abacha, hitaande 1994 E oon sahaa, Sani Abacha tiiɗtinii doole mum e konu, e lewru noowammbar 1993, o felliti Shonekan yo woppu laamu, o acci hoore makko ƴettude laamu. Obasanjo noddiino Abacha ko adii kuudetaa oo, ina ñaagii ɗum nde woppataa ngalɗoo laawol. Caggal nde Abacha heɓti laamu, o wiyi Obasanjo yo jokkondir e makko. Ko sakkitii koo waɗii, kono salii wallitde laamu Abacha haa nde anndini ñalngu ngu yaltata e hoore mum. Ndeen Abacha momtii lanndaaji politik gonɗi ɗii e juɓɓule demokaraasiije, o noddi politikaaji ummoriiɗi e nokkuuji ceertuɗi yo naata e Diisnondiral makko Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe ; Obasanjo salii toɗɗaade hay gooto e ndeeɗoo diiso. Obasanjo fuɗɗi jeertinde wonde Naajeeriya ina yahra e wolde hakkunde leyɗeele woɗnde e nder feccere leƴƴi, e lewru mee 1994 kanko e Yar'Adua ɓe ndarni fedde wiyeteende National Unity Promoters, fedde daraniinde haɗde ndeeɗoo feere. E lewru Juko, Abiola anndini hoore mum hooreejo lesdi Naajeeriya, nden o nanngaama ngam janfa. Hay so tawii Obasanjo saliima jaɓde haala Abiola, o wasiyiima Abacha nde woppataa ɗum. Ndeen o ardiima fedde ardiiɓe aadaaji e batu ngu ɓe ndarni ngam fuɗɗoraade kaaldigal hakkunde Abacha e Abiola. Jaɓugo maako wallugo Abiola mettini Yoruba'en ɗuuɗɓe, jawdi Obasanjo haa lesdi Yoruba'en ɗon ƴama.Obasanjo mettini bee ko o yi'i bana jukkungo ngam o wallitaako nafuuda sectari'en Yoruba'en. E lewru marse 1995, Obasanjo ina wonnoo to leydi Danemark ngam tawtoreede batu Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe ngam ɓamtaare renndo to Kopenhag. Nde o woni ton, o nani Yar'Adua nanngaama, malla o heɓan bana non to o warti Naajeeriya. O wiyi noon o wiyi alaa ko o waɗi, o felliti hootde. Waɗi sahaa gooto to Aeroport Lagos, passport makko nanngaa, janngo mum, polis ƴetti mo e galle makko Ota. Polis tuumi Obasanjo ina jokkondiri e kuudetaa mo Abacha waɗi, mo kolonel Lawan Gwadabe yuɓɓini. Obasanjo nawtaama hakkunde nokkuuji deentorɗi ceertuɗi, tawi gonnooɗo hooreejo leydi Amerik hono Carter e hoore mum jokkondirii e Abacha ngam ɗaɓɓude yo Obasanjo woppe. Ndeen Obasanjo artiraama to Ota, o waɗtaa e kasoo fotde lebbi ɗiɗi, e nder ɗuum o haɗaama heɓde jaayɗe, telefoŋ, walla njilluuji. Goɗɗo e tuumaaɗo wonde ina jeyaa e kuudetaa oo, hono Kolonel RSB Bello-Fadile, awokaa konu, ina wondi e caɗeele, e nder ɗuum o siifondiri e bayyinaango wonde o yahiino to Ota ngam humpitaade Obasanjo ko fayti e kuudetaa oo no woniri e peewnugol. Ɗum huutoraama ngam seedeeji ngam ñaawde Obasanjo e suuɗde fenaande, ko ɗum huunde nde sariyaaji leydi Najeriya mbaɗi.Ndeen o nawaama to nokku naamne kisal leydi ndii to Ikoyi. Abacha wiyi yo Obasanjo ñaawe e yeeso ñaawirdu konu, ñaawirdu nduu waɗi ñalnde 19 suwee 1995. E nder ñaawoore ndee, Obasanjo yedditii wonde RSB Bello-Fadile meeɗaa hawrude e makko. RSB Bello-Fadile kadi hollitii wonde o siifondirii e bayyinaango ngo Obasanjo jogori waɗde e dow doole, kono ñaawirdu nduu saliima ndeeɗoo ruttaade. Ñalnde 14 sulyee, ñaawirde ndee ñaawi Obasanjo duuɓi 25 kasoo ; Yar'Adua e woɗɓe sappo e nayo kadi tuumaaɗo wonde e nder fedde nde, ñaawaama warngo.Obasanjo caggal ɗuum noddi ɗum "ñalngu mum ɓurngu mettude". Caggal nde hooreejo leydi Amerik biyeteeɗo Bill Clinton holliti wonde leydi mum ina jogori haɗde petroŋ leydi Naajeeriya so tawii ɗeen warngooji mbaɗii, Abacha wayli ñaawoore maɓɓe, o ustii ñaawoore Obasanjo haa duuɓi 15. Kasoo: 1995-1998 Obasanjo waɗi lebbi nay garooji ɗii ko e nokku biyeteeɗo Ikoyi Centre, ɗo o fuɗɗii nanngeede e nder kasoo gooto. Ndeen o nawaama to kasoo mawɗo Lagos, Kirikiri, ɗo o woni e opitaal kasoo ngam rafi hipertension e jabet. Sarɗiiji Kirikiri ina keewi, ina ŋakki, Obasanjo wiyi wonde « yiɗaa ɗum e gaño am ɓurɗo bonde ». Ko ɗoon RSB Bello-Fadile ñaagii Obasanjo yaafuya sabu mum ƴattaade ɗum, Obasanjo yaafni ɗum. Ndeen winndannde nde RSB Bello-Fadile winndi ngam humpitaade ngonka kaa, yaltinaama e kasoo, yaltinaa, wallitii hollirde wonde Obasanjo alaa ko o waɗi. Caggal jonte keewɗe, Obasanjo e woɗɓe tuumaaɓe waɗde fedde ndee, njaltinaama to kasoo Jos to diiwaan hakkundeejo, to diiwaan Plateau ɗo ɓe ngoni lebbi keewɗi. Obasanjo fuɗɗinoo hokkaama tan ko Biibal e Quraana ngam janngude, kono seeɗa-seeɗa o acci binndi ɓurɗi yaajde. Binndol kadi ina rokka mo, ina addana mo jokkondirde e yimɓe e juɓɓule ceertuɗe, haa jooni Stella ina jaɓa yillaade mo lewru kala laawol gootol. Mandelaa e Pape Jean Paul II fof noddii yo o woppe, tawi noon sosiyeteeji Inndo e Almaañ fof ina ndokki mo njeenaaje winndereeje.Forum ardorde Afrik yaltinii defte ɗiɗi ɓataakeeji e binndanɗe binndaaɗe ngam teddinde mo ; Forum oo e hoore mum dogiino ummoraade Accra to Ganaa ngam daɗde e tooñanngeeji laamu Abacha. E fuɗɗoode hitaande 1996, Obasanjo ummiima Jos, fayti e kasoo ɓurɗo woɗɗude to Yola, to diiwaan Adamawa. Ko ɗoon o jaɓaa remde gesa.[194] Obasanjo hollitii wonde e nder kasoo o ɓeydii luggiɗde e goonɗinal makko e Kerecee’en, o ɓadtii Alla,[194] o wonti Kerecee’en jibinaaɗo.[195] Gila ndeen, diine kerecee en ina joginoo darnde ɓurnde mawnude e nder yi’annde makko aduna. To Yola, o waajii 28 waaju yontere kala caggal nde jaagorɗe njilluuji ndartinaa e wakkati seeɗa. O winndi ɗeen waajuuji, o acci ɗi njaltina nde o yalti.[195] Obasanjo kadi etinooma moƴƴinde yoga e sukaaɓe kasoo, rewrude e yahrude yeeso maɓɓe nde o wonti neɗɗo dimo.[196] Obasanjo hulii wonde maa o tooke, haa teeŋti noon e nder haalaaji renndo wonde maayde Yar'adua ko tooke anniya.[197] Abacha sankii ɗoon e ɗoon e lewru suwee 1998, caggal ɗuum komanndaaji konu nguu toɗɗii Seneraal Major Abdulsalaami Abubakar lomto makko. Yontere caggal mum, Abubakar yamiri yo Obasanjo woppe, o neldi laana ndiwoowa ngam artirde mo to Ota.[197] E yiɗde wartirde leydi Naajeeriya e laamu siwil, Abubakar fusi lanndaaji e juɓɓule leydi ndi gonɗe heen ɗee, o anndini peeje ɗe ngaddanta hooreejo leydi siwil toɗɗaade e lewru mee 1999.[198] Kampaañ ngam suɓaade hooreejo leydi : 1998-1999 Jooni ko o neɗɗo dimo, Obasanjo yahiino Afrik worgo, Angalteer, e Amerik, ɗo o safraa.[199] Lanndaaji politik kesi ina mbaɗa e nder leydi Najeriya, gooto e ɓurɓe mawnude e majji ko lannda Demokaraasi Leƴƴi (PDP), fedde nde yiɗnoo ko yaajde no feewi, so tawii ko e laamu, nde haɗata kuudetaaji garooji.[199] Terɗe PDP mawɗe ndartinii Obasanjo ngam wonde kanndidaa hooreejo leydi. Ɓe cikkatnoo ko omo waawi yamirde teddungal winnderewal, kadi ko o neɗɗo militeer, omo waawi jogaade leydi ndii e dow kuudetaaji garooji e dille seertuɗe. Ɓe mbi'i kadi Naajeeriya ɗon mari haaje hooreejo lesdi fombina ngam foondugo ardungal maako arandewal haa woyla, nden Obasanjo holli hoore maako bana fombina mo walaa ƴamol dow fombina.[200] Sehilaaɓe e ɓesngu ina mbiya yo o dog, mbiyi o bonnat innde makko moƴƴere walla o wara. Obasanjo hollitii wonde o saliima, kono ñalnde 28 lewru nduu o naati e lannda PDP, yontere caggal ɗuum o hollitii wonde o woni ko e waɗde hoore makko ngam wonde kanndidaa hooreejo lannda ka.[201] E nder kampaañ makko, o teeŋtinii yiɗde makko artirde ko o sikki ko ndonu laamu moƴƴu nde o yalti e laamu e hitaande 1979.[202] E nder dingiral mooftugol kaalis, o dañii N356 miliyoŋ, heen N120 miliyoŋ ko njulaagu Aliko Dangote rokki ɗum. Ko ɓuri heewde e ɗeen dokke ummorii ko e worɓe militeer en e njuɓɓudi njulaagu kesiri.[202] O yilliima leydi ndii, o waɗii konnguɗi e ɗaɓɓude heɗtiiɓe e yimɓe teeŋtuɓe ; ƴamde guwerneeruuji dowlaaji ko huunde maantiniinde e mbaadi makko.[203] Kampaañ makko ina ɓuuɓna kampaañ makko mawɗo, hono Alex Ekwueme, mo yimɓe worgo e konu nguu ngoongɗinaani no feewi.[204] PDP ina heɓa leydi e nder leydi Najeriya, ina hollita wonde ko kañum woni lannda ɓurka waawde e nder wooteeji laamu nokkuuji ɗii e lewru Duujal 1998, e wooteeji diiwaanuuji ɗii e lewru Yarkomaa 1999, e wooteeji Senaa e suudu sarɗiiji e lewru Feebariyee 1999.[205] Ñalnde 14 feebariyee 1999, batu PDP noddaa ngam suɓaade kanndidaa mum to hooreejo leydi. Obasanjo heɓi 1 658 woote, Ekwueme heɓi 521, e kanndidaaji joy keddiiɗi ɗii 260.[206] E ɗaɓɓude neɗɗo worgo ngam wonde cukko hooreejo leydi PDP, Obasanjo suɓii Atiku Abubakar.[207] Woote hooreleydaagu mbaɗi ko ñalnde 27 feebariyee ; Ko Olu Falae mo APP tan woni luutndiiɗo Obasanjo. Fotde feccere e fotɓe suɓaade ɓee mbaɗii noon, won heen ko fenaande hay so tawii alaa ko bonnata. Taƴre laawɗunde ndee rokkii Obasanjo 63% e wooteeji ɗii ; ko kanko woni majjuɗo e nder dowlaaji jeegom ɗii fof e nder leydi makko Yoruba.[208] Hooreejo leydi (1999-2007) Manndaa gadano (1999-2003) Siile hooreejo leydi Naajeeriya Caggal nde o riiwti ɗum, Obasanjo naati e nder galle hooreejo leydi to Aso Rock e lewru mee 1999 caggal nde o hunni hooreejo leydi to Eagle Square to Abuja.[209] Nde o toɗɗii laamu maako kesu, o suɓi ministaajo ɗuuɗɗum diga woylaare lesdi Naajeeriya, koo ngam ko ɓuri ɗuuɗugo nder maɓɓe woni Kirista'en, ɗum mettini woɓɓe juulɓe woylaare lesdi Naajeeriya. Ɓeen ñiŋooɓe ina keewi sifaade wonde kabine Obasanjo ina ɓooyi no feewi, ina ŋakkiraa humpito, haa teeŋti noon so tawii ko e geɗe faggudu.[210] E nder laamu makko gadano, toɓɓe ndimaagu ɗe Naajeeriya’en keɓata ɓeydii; ndimaagu jaayndeeji ina addana hooreejo leydi ndi ñiŋde no feewi.[211] E nder lebbi gadani laamu makko, Obasanjo woppii fotde 200 ofisee militeer, tawi heen 93 fof ina njogii jappeere politik, ɗum noon ko kuudetaa mo ofiseeji keewɗi humpito mbaɗata ina famɗi.[209] O ummini kadi ministeer defansiyoŋ gila Lagos haa Abuja, ngam tabitinki ɗum waddaama les njiimaandi laamu ɓurndi laaɓtude.[209] Manndaa ɗiɗaɓo (2003-2007) Obasanjo suɓaama kadi e woote 2003 ɗe njuumtaani, tawi ina waɗi caɗeele leƴƴi e diineeji. Gaño makko mawɗo, gonnooɗo laamɗo konu Seneraal Muhammadu Buhari, ko juulɗo, o heɓi ballal makko ko ɓuri heewde ko e fuɗnaange. Obasanjo heɓi 61,8% e woote ɗe, o fooli Buhari ko ɓuri miliyoŋaaji 11 woote.[212] E lewru noowammbar 2003, Obasanjo ñiŋaama sabu kuulal mum rokkude asilo hooreejo leydi Liberiya, hono Charles Taylor.[213] Ñalnde 12 lewru juko hitaande 2006, o siifondiri nanondiral Greentree e hooreejo leydi Kameruun Paul Biya nanondiral ngal joofniri luural keeri hakkunde duunde Bakassi.[214] Hay so tawii Senaa leydi Najeriya ƴettii kuulal ngam wiyde wonde ittugol konu leydi Najeriya e nder duunde Bakassi ko huunde nde fotaani, Obasanjo rokki yamiroore nde jokkata no haanirta nii.[215] E manndaa makko ɗiɗaɓo, Obasanjo jokki e daranaade yaajnude doole polis leydi ndii, haa arti noon e 325 000 polis e hitaande 2007.[216] Fitinaaji laddeeji jokkuɗi hakkunde juulɓe e kerecee en e nder diiwaan Plateau addani Obasanjo bayyinde toon laamu nguu e lewru mee 2004, o dartini laamu diiwaan oo, o darni laamu konu lebbi jeegom.[217] Ñalnde 22 lewru nduu hitaande 2005, guwerneer diiwaan Abia e oon sahaa, hono Orji Uzor Kalu, rokki EFCC ɗaɓɓaande ngam tuumaade wonde Obasanjo waɗii golle bonɗe.[218] Ajenda manndaa tataɓo Obasanjo ina wondi e luural ko fayti e « Agenda mum tataɓo » , woni peeje ngam waylude doosgal leydi ndii mbele omo waawa jogaade manndaa tataɓo, duuɓi nay, e gardagol leydi ndii. Ɗum waɗii ƴamol nder jaayndeeji siyaasaaku nder Naajeeriya, nden boo kuugal ngal jaɓaaka nder Asamblee lesdi.[219][220] Ko ɗum waɗi Obasanjo woppi laamu caggal wooteeji gardagol leydi e lewru abriil 2007.[221] E nder yeewtere hesere nde o waɗdunoo e teleeji Channels, Obasanjo saliima jeyeede e ko wiyetee « Ajenda tataɓo ». O wi'i ɗum Asamblee lesdi Naajeeriya ɗon mari limngal limngal limngal limngal lesdi Naajeeriya. Obasanjo wiyi : "mi meeɗaa fiyde miijo manndaa tataɓo."[222] Ajenda manndaa tataɓo Obasanjo ina wondi e luural ko fayti e « Agenda mum tataɓo » , woni peeje ngam waylude doosgal leydi ndii mbele omo waawa jogaade manndaa tataɓo, duuɓi nay, e gardagol leydi ndii. Ɗum waɗii ƴamol nder jaayndeeji siyaasaaku nder Naajeeriya, nden boo kuugal ngal jaɓaaka nder Asamblee lesdi.[219][220] Ko ɗum waɗi Obasanjo woppi laamu caggal wooteeji gardagol leydi e lewru abriil 2007.[221] E nder yeewtere hesere nde o waɗdunoo e teleeji Channels, Obasanjo saliima jeyeede e ko wiyetee « Ajenda tataɓo ». O wi'i ɗum Asamblee lesdi Naajeeriya ɗon mari limngal limngal limngal limngal lesdi Naajeeriya. Obasanjo wiyi : "mi meeɗaa fiyde miijo manndaa tataɓo."[222] Obasanjo ñaawaama e juuɗe mawɓe politik e nder sagata Agenda manndaa tataɓo. Senator Ken Nnamani, hooreejo suudu joonde diidaaɗi lesdi Naajeeriya, wi'i Obasanjo anndini mo dow ajendaaji ɗin ɓaawo o laati hooreejo suudu joonde diidaaɗi lesdi Naajeeriya. O wiyi : "Ɗoon e ɗoon, ngon-mi hooreejo senaa, o haalani mi anniya makko, o haalani mi no o yiɗiri heɓde ɗum. Miin e fuɗɗoode mi ƴettataa mo no feewi haa kewuuji ɗii puɗɗii feeñde." O hollitii kadi wonde Miliyaaruuji jeetati (8) Naira njaltinaama ngam wallitde depiteeji ɗii ngam wallitde ajendaaji ɗii, o naamndii : « hol no neɗɗo waawirta haalde nii tawa o anndaa ɗum, tee kaalis, e kaalis leydi ndii e kaalis leydi ndii fof, ina wayla juuɗe ». Femi Gbajabiamila tabbitini haala Nnamani ammaa o waɗi limngal man feere-feere, o wi'i: "Kaalis man hawti bee miliyaaruuji N10. Hol no N10bn wurtinirtee nder ceede lesdi ngam eɓɓoore nde a woni hooreejo jooɗiiɗo, ammaa nden eɓɓoore laataaki miijo ma? Toy ceede man iwdi?" E nder haalaaji garooji ɗii, Nnamani wiyi wonde hooreejo leydi Amerik hono George W. Bush jeertinii Obasanjo nde woppataa peeje mum ngam tawtoreede woote gardagol leydi e manndaa tataɓo. O wiyi : "so aɗa yiɗi hoolkisaade wonde gorko oo ina haala fenaande tan, ƴettu deftere nde Condoleezza Rice, gonnooɗo jaagorgal leydi Amerik winndi. Ko goonga ko deftere nde Rice winndi. E hello 628 walla hello 638, o yeewtidii e Obasanjo, no o yiɗiri hawrude e hooreejo leydi Ameriknaajo oo, no o yiyri hooreejo leydi Ameriknaajo oo ina waawi waylude doosgal leydi ndii mbele omo waawa yahde e manndaa tataɓo, Bush wiyi mo yo o woppu ɗum, o yalta haa ñalnde 29 mee 2007."[223] Politik faggudu, renndo e caggal leydi Politik faggudu Obasanjo e wondude e laamɗo leydi Iran e hitaande 1999 E ngalu petrol, Obasanjo sosi Komitiiru Ƴellitaare Delta Niger, o huutorii Porogaraam Jaŋde leslesre winndereyankoore ngam ɓeydude jaŋde leslesre Naajeeriya. O sosi Komiseer keeriiɗo toppitiiɗo golle bonɗe e Komiseer toppitiiɗo bonanndeeji faggudu e kaalis. Wuurtinii Sosiyetee ngenndiijo njulaagu to Kaduna e (Onne) Port Harcourt. Obasanjo ɓeydi geɗal njoɓdi petroŋ e renndo to dowla iwdi mum gila e 3 haa 13 e nder teemedere.[224] Ko adii laamu Obasanjo, ɓeydagol PIB leydi Nijeer ina muusi no feewi gila 1987, tee ina jokki tan e 3% hakkunde 1999 e 2000. Kono, e laamu Obasanjo, ɓeydagol ngol ɓeydiima fotde laabi ɗiɗi haa 6% haa o woppi laamu, tawi noon ina walliti ɗum e feccere e ɓeydagol coggu petroŋ. Resooji leydi Naajeeriya ko ɓuri miliyaaruuji ɗiɗi dolaar e hitaande 1999 haa miliyaaruuji 43 dolaar nde ɓe njalti laamu e hitaande 2007.[225] O dañii yaafuya ñamaale e fedde Pari e Londres fotde 18 miliyaar dolaar, o yoɓi kadi 18 miliyaar dolaar goɗɗo ngam woppude ñamaale. Ko vuri heewde e ziin njovdiiji mooftaama e njovdi njulaagu juutndi e nder yontere nde. (Toɓɓere feewnitagol). Ko ɓuri heewde e ɗeen ñamaale mooftaama wonaa e fenaande kono ko e yontaaji 1982–85 nde Naajeeriya huutorii laamu toppitiingu mbayliigu nguu, ngu rokki denndaangal njulaagu nguu e banke mawɗo leydi Nijeer. Nde Obasanjo heɓi laamu, faggudu leydi Najeriya wonnoo ko e caɗeele. Inflation ina yahra e 30% e hitaande e nder kitaale 1990 fof, e hitaande 2001 fotde 20% e mawɓe leydi Najeriya ina ngala golle.[226] Baasal ina yaaji, laamu Obasanjo ina yiɗi ustude ɗum e yoɓde N3,500 lewru kala fotde 200,000 neɗɗo ngam waɗde golle gaadoraaɗe ko wayi no ɓuuɓnude e moƴƴinde laabi.[226] Ndeen eɓɓoore lomtinaama e Porogaraam ngenndiijo ngam haɓaade baasal, jowitiingal e ƴellitde golle sukaaɓe, e njuɓɓudi teeru, e reende.[226] E hitaande 2000, laamu Obasanjo ɓeydi njoɓdi ɓurndi famɗude ndi sariya yamiri ndii laabi ɗiɗi.[227] O noddi Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe (FMI) ngam ƴeewtaade faggudu leydi Najeriya e rokkude wasiyaaji no moƴƴiri ɗum;[228] ɓe njeertinii wonde laamu nguu ina heewi ñamlude.[227] E hitaande 2001, Obasanjo hollitii hoore mum "ko o goongɗinɗo njuɓɓudi luumo", o hollitii wonde o yiyii bonneede ko "njuɓɓudi bonndi e nder sekteer laamu" addani mo.[229] Kono, nde o holliti darnde makko e nanondiral Washington ngam luumooji rimɗi, e privatisation, e ŋakkeende ngalu laamu, ngalu laamu nguu e feccere PIB ɓeydiima gila e 29% e hitaande 1997 haa 50% e hitaande 2001.[229] E lewru Yarkomaa hitaande 2000, Naajeeriya heɓi nyamande miliyaaruuji 1 dolaar Amerik, ko ɗum addani laamu nguu naatde e kaaldigal ngam waylude ñamaale mum e ñamaale mum.[228] Laamu Obasanjo naftoriima coggu petroŋ toowngu e nder winndere ndee e manndaa mum gadano. Nde anniyii kadi ɓeydude petroŋ leydi Naajeeriya e ɓeydude keewal gaasuuji ɓuuɓɗi, ɗi puɗɗii yaltineede e leydi ndii e hitaande 1999.[230] Obasanjo fellitii momtude ballal petroŋ, ɓeyda coggu nguu haa yettoo tolno njulaagu. Kongres gollooɓe leydi Naajeeriya noddi seppo mawngo ngam seppude ngam salaade lewru Juko hitaande 2000 e Obasanjo sakkitii, o ustii ballal ngal, wonaa ittude ngal. Ngolɗoo ngonka addani Obasanjo hollirde wonde ko "gaño miskineeɓe" e miijo renndo.[231] Ngam ɓeydude ustude njoɓdi, Obasanjo wayliima e privatisation, o sosi Diiso ngenndiijo ko faati e privatisation e lewru sulyee 1999. Nde o heɓi laamu, laamu fedde nde ina joginoo 588 sosiyetee laamu, tawi ko ina tolnoo e 55% e ñamaale caggal leydi, Obasanjo ina yaakorii wonde ko heewi e ɗeen, hay so tawii noon ɗe mbaawaa wonde in2. Privatization yiɗaama e yimɓe leydi Najeriya, ko 35% tan ɓe keɓi ballal e wiyde wiɗto miijo hitaande 2000.[233] Obasanjo kadi ina yiɗi kaaldigal ngam ustude ñamaale.[234] O hollitii wonde ñamaale leydi Naajeeriya ina keewi no feewi, ina mbonna faggudu mum e demokaraasi mum. Hay so tawii Kanadaa, Itali e Amerik ndartinii ñamaale leydi Nijeer, ɗeen ñamaale ina pamɗi, ñamaale mawɗe leydi ndii, ɓurɗe mawnude heen ko Angalteer, njaɓaani.[235] Obasanjo ɗon tuuma caɗeele faggudu lesdi Naajeeriya ɗuuɗɗe dow fenaande;[236] nder hitaande 2000, fedde Transparency International limti ɗum lesdi ɓurdundi fenaande nder duniyaaru.[229] Balɗe seeɗa caggal nde o heɓi laamu o hollitii kuulal ngam haɓaade fenaande to Asaambele ngenndi, hay so tawii noon ɗum jibinii luulndaare mawnde e juuɗe ñaawooɓe cikkatnooɓe ko ɗum rokki laamu nguu doole ɓurɗe heewde. Nanondiral waɗii ngam ustude eɓɓooje Obasanjo, addani mo siynude sariya keso oo e lewru suwee 2000.[236] Alaa ko holliti wonde njulaagu ustiima e nder leydi Najeriya e nder manndaa Obasanjo gadano, laamu makko waɗaani hay huunde ngam ƴeewtaade njulaagu nguu e nder leydi Najeriya, ngu yaaji e nder laamuuji diiwaan e laamuuji nokkuuji.[229] Obasanjo ina wondi e hooreejo leydi Riisi Valadimir Putin to Kremlin e hitaande 2001 Cellal renndo kadi ko huunde tiiɗnde e nder leydi Nijeer. E nder kitaale 1990, Naajeeriya ina yoɓnoo fotde 0,2% e PIB mum ngam wallitde cellal renndo, ko ɗum woni ko ɓuri famɗude e winndere ndee. Laamu Obasanjo ɓeydi ɗum haa ko ɓuri 0,4%.[237] Caɗeele cellal ɓurɗe yaawde toɗɗaade leydi Najeriya ko ñawu VIH/SIDA, Obasanjo yamiri ɗoon e ɗoon ciimtol ngonka e dow toɓɓere ndee caggal nde o heɓi laamu.[237] Ndeen o sosi Goomu Hooreejo leydi ngam haɓaade SIDA, ngu o ardii, o sosi Goomu Pewnugol Golle Ngenndiije ngam yuɓɓinde kampaañ 2000–03, jowitiingo e bayyinaango, heblo, wasiyaaji, e jarribooji ngam haɓaade mboros o. Ngam yahduki yeeso ngam njamu jama'aare, o fuɗɗi kampaniire kesum ngam hurgugo ceede laamu lesdi Naajeeriya ngam etaade nyiɓugo suudu nyawndiigu nder kala nokkure 774 laamu lesdi Naajeeriya Politik caggal leydi Obasanjo e Donald Rumsfeld to Pentagon e hitaande 2001 Ina jeyaa e golle Obasanjo mawɗe, ɗe o heɓi heen, moƴƴitinde innde leydi Nijeer e nder winndere ndee, nde o bonni e laamu Abacha. O waɗii ko ina ɓura feccere e manndaa makko gadano caggal leydi, o yilliima leyɗeele 92 haa e lewru oktoobar 2002. E lewru oktoobar 1999, Obasanjo sosi Goomu (Commission Bi-National) hakkunde Afrik worgo e Niiseer ngam yeewtidde e gollondiral hakkunde leyɗeele ɗiɗi ɗee, ɓurɗe mawnude e Afrik worgo Saharaa. Obasanjo jokki jokkindiral Naajeeriya bee U.S., o waddi walliinde U.S. ngam wallugo janngirde sooje'en Naajeeriya. O jokkondirii no feewi e hooreejo leydi Amerik biyeteeɗo Bill Clinton, o jokkondiri kadi e lomto Clinton, hono George W. Bush ; Bush yilliima Abuja e hitaande 2003, Obasanjo yilliima Wasinton e hitaande 2006.[240] E jokkude jokkondiral ɓurngal welde e U.K. ko ɓuri ko o joginoo e kitaale 1970, o tawtoraama batu makko gadano Commonwealth e lewru Noowammbar 1999, o jaɓɓi ɗum e lewru Duujal 2003, ɗo o heɓi njeenaari teddungal e juuɗe laamɗo debbo Biritaan biyeteeɗo Elizabeth II.[240] Nde Obasanjo heɓi laamu, o huninooma ittude konu leydi Najeriya e leydi Siyeraa Leyoon. E lewru ut 1999, o hollitii limre ngam ɓe ngurtina, hay so tawii noon ɗum dartinaama nde konu jam ONU moofti, ngu Nijeer rokki ɗum 4000 soldaat. Ndee doole yalti ko e hitaande 2005.[241] E nder jiiɓru to leydi Liberia, Obasanjo yamiri konu leydi Nijeer yo naata leydi ndii e lewru ut 2003 ; ɓe njalti e komanndaaji ONU lebbi ɗiɗi caggal ɗuum.[240] Obasanjo hokki Charles Taylor, hooreejo lesdi Liberiya, mo laamu mum woppi, o hokka mo haa lesdi Naajeeriya, koo ngam ɓaawo man o warti mo haa lesdi Liberiya ngam o ɗon ƴama mo ngam warhoore konu dow ƴamol hooreejo lesdi Liberiya keso, Ellen Johnson Sirleaf.[242] E yiɗde haɗude Naajeeriya yaltude e hareeji nder leydi ɗi yimɓe njiɗaa, o salii ɗaɓɓaande konu Naajeeriya ngam tawtoreede naatgol ECOMOG e nder wolde hakkunde leyɗeele Gine-Bisaawo e golle jam 2002 to Kodduwaar. E ɗaɓɓaande Angalteer, o walli e nanondiral hakkunde laamu Zimbaabwee mo Robert Mugabe, ngam hirjinde laamu nguu e ƴettude gese ɗe ɓaleeɓe jeyi e dow fenaande. O wondi e hooreejo leydi Afrik worgo hono Thabo Mbeki e gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi Ostarali John Howard, o jeyaa ko e fedde nde Commonwealth halfinaa ngam haɓaade Zimbaabwee.[243] Obasanjo e Mbeki njilliima Zimbaabwee laabi tati ngam golloraade dipolomasi deeƴɗo, kono ɓe keɓaani heen nafoore, ɓe mbiya Mugabe yo woppu laamu walla sosde laamu renndinde laamu e luulndiiɓe Mouvement pour le changement démocratique.[239] Haɓde e jiiɓru leƴƴi e diineeji Bush ina yeewtida e Obasanjo e nder batu G8 to Farayse, lewru suwee 2003 Caggal nde Obasanjo suɓaa, nokku ɗo sariyaaji lislaam ngoni ɗoo, wonti jeewte mawɗe e nder politik leydi Najeriya. Gila leydi ndii heɓi jeytaare mum, sharia ina jokki e ñaawde siwil hakkunde juulɓe wonɓe e dowlaaji worgo ɗii ; ñaawooɓe bonanndeeji ɗii laawɗinaaka e sariyaaji sharia, huunde nde mettini won e juulɓe.[244] E lewru suwee 1999, guwerneer diiwaan Zamfara, hono Ahmed Sani, hollitii naatgol timmungol shari’a e nder oon diiwaan, hay so tawii noon o hollitii wonde ɗum jogori huutoreede tan ko e hoɗɓe e juulɓe, wonaa e yimɓe ɓe ngonaa lislaam en. Ɗuum waɗi kulhuli nder yimɓe Kirista'en pamari nder woyla lesdi Naajeeriya, bee seppooji e seppooji feere-feere ɗon ngadda fitinaaji, haa fahin haa Kaduna.[244] Across Nigeria, Christian opinion was very hostile to the introduction of sharia as the basis of state penal systems.[245] Suudu Asaambele ngenndi ndii fof ina ɗaɓɓi e Obasanjo nde nawtata haala kaa to Ñaawirde Toownde.[245] O yiɗiino woppude ɗum, o yiɗaa darnde shari’a wonta huunde doosgal.[246] E nder renndo o yiɗiino seerndude ko o inniri "sharia goonga" e "sharia politik", o yetti arano oo, o wiyi wonde ɗiɗaɓo oo ko fad mo fizzle out.[245] Nde o salii naatde heen, Obasanjo heɓi ñiŋooje sabu ŋakkeende cuusal e juuɗe yimɓe heewɓe to bannge worgo, juulɓe tiiɗɓe to bannge worgo ina ƴattoo mo.[246] E nder ɗaɓɓaande yimɓe heewɓe ummoraade e renndooji juulɓe, dowlaaji nay goɗɗi to bannge worgo ƴettii sariya kuuɓtodinɗo sharia e hitaande 2000 e jeeɗiɗi goɗɗi e hitaande 2001. Obasanjo caggal ɗuum hollitii wonde haala kaa ko caɗeele ɓurɗe mawnude ɗe o meeɗi dañde e wonde hooreejo leydi.[246] Nde Obasanjo heɓi laamu, o hulɓinii no feewi nde tawnoo leydi Najeriya ina wondi e caɗeele e fitinaaji keewɗi, tawi ko ujunnaaje ujunnaaje maayɓe. Ndee ɗoo bonannde ina ɓeydoo saɗtude sabu ɓeydagol yimɓe ina ɓeydoo yaawde, ɗum addani ɗum ɓeydagol nguleeki weeyo e pottital ngam heɓde leydi ŋakkundi e nder gure teeru.[216] Ngam haɓaade ɗum, Obasanjo ɓeydii polis leydi ndii fotde laabi ɗiɗi, gila e 120 000 haa 240 000 hakkunde 1999 e 2003.[216] Ko seeɗa waɗaa ngam haɓaade bonanndeeji polis, tawi noon torlaaji tuumaaɗo ina keddii e yaajde e laamu Obasanjo.[211] Kadi ko ɓeydi fitinaaji ɗii ko jokkere enɗam hakkunde leƴƴi, e pelle leƴƴi e diiwanuuji ceertuɗi ina ɗaɓɓi ndimaagu ɓurngu mawnude, ɗum addani yeewtooɓe heewɓe teskaade ƴaañgol leydi Naajeeriya. Wonande Obasanjo, jogaade leydi ngootiri wonti huunde mawnde.[247] Ko e sahaaji cuɓaaɗi tan o ruttotoo e konu ngam ustude jiiɓru, o ɓuri yiɗde ko waasde mooftude konu so wonaa tawa guwerneeruuji dowlaaji ɗii ina ɗaɓɓi ɗum.[248] E nder konngol makko, "en poti huutoraade doole konu tan so tawii ko heddii koo fof ronkii. Ko cfuum woni miijo am e filosof am."[249] O yi'i nafoore mawnde e yaafuya, e yaafuya, e nanondiral ngam he6de nanondiral, wonaa e 6amtaare ñaawoore warngooji bacfcfi.[250] E laamu Obasanjo, darnde fitinaaji e jiiɓru nder leydi Naajeeriya ustii.[249] Olusẹgun Obasanjo e hooreejo leydi Beresiil Lula da Silva 2005 Ko ɓuri heewde e miijooji ceertuɗi ko e diiwaan Delta Niiseer, ɗo pelle koɗdiiɗe ɗee njiɗnoo jogaade ko ɓuri heewde e ngalu keɓaaɗo e nokkuuji petroŋ keewɗi ngalu. E lewru sulyee 1999, Obasanjo neldi Asaambele ngenndi kuulal ngam sosde Komiseer ƴellitaare Delta Niiseer ngam siynude e huutoraade peeje ngam haɓaade diiwaan oo, huunde nde o sikki ina waawi ustude fitinaaji toon. E nder jeewte keewɗe, komisiyoŋ oo fuɗɗii ko e lewru Duujal 2000.[251] E lewru noowammbar 1999, o neldi kadi bataliyoŋaaji ɗiɗi konu e nder diiwaan Delta Niiseer ngam nanngude sukaaɓe Asawana, fedde Ijaw en nannguɓe e warde poliseeɓe to Odi, to diiwaan Bayelsa. Militeer en mbonni ko ɓuri heewde e wuro ngoo ; laamu ngu wi'i 43 mbaraama, ammaa ONG nokkuure nde'e waɗi limngal maayɓe siwil'en 2,483.[252] Obasanjo siftinii halkaare ndee wonde « ina waawi rewde » e « ina metti » , o yilliima Odi e lewru marse 2001 ; o salii ñaawde konu nguu, o ñaagii yaafuya ngam halkaare nde, o yoɓi njoɓdi walla o mahdi wuro ngoo, hay so tawii noon Komiseer ƴellitaare Delta Niiseer waɗii ɗum.[249] E hitaande 2000, Obasanjo haɗi fedde Oodua Peoples Congress (OPC), fedde ngenndiyankoore Yoruba en, nde wonnoo ko e fitinaaji e leƴƴi goɗɗi, o yamiri yo ardiiɓe mayre nannge.[253] E lewru suwee 2001, fitinaaji hakkunde Kerecee’en ɓiɓɓe leydi ndii e njulaagu juulɓe to bannge worgo e nder diiwaan Plateau, waɗii fotde 500 maayɗo hade konu nguu naatde heen, heɓtude laamu. Ndeen Obasanjo yilliima, wiyi yo ɓe nanondiral. E lewru Oktoobar 2001, seppooɓe juulɓe to Kano mbari fotde 200 Igbo ngam jaabaade ballal Nijeer e bommbooji Amerik mbaɗi e Afganistaan. Ndeen Obasanjo yilliima ngam ɗaɓɓude nanondiral kono hoɗɓe ɓee boomi ɗum.[246] E lewru oktoobar kadi, soldateeɓe neldaama ngam deeƴnude jiiɓru hakkunde renndooji Jukun e Tiv en e keeri hakkunde diiwanuuji Benue e Taraba ; ndeen militeer en Tiv nanngi ɓe mbari ɓe to Zaki-Biam. Obasanjo yamiri konu nguu yo naata, ɓe ndartini, ɓe mbari fotde 250 haa 300 gorko nokku oo. Obasanjo yilliima nokku oo e hitaande 2002, o ñaagii yaafuya sabu huutoraade doole no feewi.[249] n lewru Yarkomaa 2002, Obasanjo yamiri polis mobbooji ɗii yo ndartin Bakassi Boys, fedde vigilante gollotoonde ko ɓuri heewde e nder diiwanuuji Abia e Anambra, nde waɗi ko ina tolnoo e ujunnaaje ɗiɗi warngooji. O sikkiino waɗde ɗum ko adii ɗuum sabu ballal yimɓe ɓe fedde nde heɓi e haɓde e fedde bonnde, kono o nanii o waawii yahrude yeeso e maɓɓe caggal nde yimɓe maɓɓe ustii.[254] E oon lewru kadi, nokku ɗo balɗe 100 000 ngoni ɗoo, to kaɓirɗe Ijeka, saraaji Lagos, yani, ina waawi addande ɗum en fotde ujunnaaje ujunnaaje neɗɗo maayɗo. Obasanjo yilliima ɗoon e ɗoon.[249] Fitinaaji bonɗi kadi ina njokki e nder wuro Lagos, e lewru feebariyee 2002, konu neldaa e nder wuro ngo ngam artirde deeƴre. E lewru abriil 2002, Obasanjo hollitii sariya baawɗo haɗude leƴƴi so tawii ina cikka ina mbaawi wallitde fitinaaji, kono njuɓɓudi laamu leydi ndii salii ɗum, sibu ko ɗum huunde ɓurnde toowde e laamu hooreejo leydi.[253] Won e ardiiɓe laamu hono hooreejo suudu sarɗiiji e hooreejo suudu sarɗiiji ina ngondi e caɗeele e hooreejo leydi ndii, o haɓaama e jarribooji keewɗi ngam ustude laamu e nder suuduuji ɗiɗi ɗii kala.[255] Obasanjo dañii daɗde e laamu, o toɗɗaa. Caggal hooreejo leydi (2007–hannde) Politik Obasanjo e Robeer Mugaabe e hitaande 2013 O wonti hooreejo fedde PDP, omo joginoo doole e nominaasiyoŋaaji ngam heɓde jappeere laamu haa e politik e peeje. No gooto e dipolomaat en Hirnaange wiyri nii, "O anniyaaki jooɗaade e jooɗorde passenger rokka wasiyaaji e hesɗitinde nanngude taayaare so tawii Naajeeriya yaltii e laawol."[256] O woppi golle hooreejo fedde PDP e lewru abriil 2012.[257] Caggal ɗuum, o yalti e golle politik e PDP. E lewru marse 2008, Obasanjo "ina sikkaa" ko goomu parlemaa Nijeer ñaawii ɗum sabu rokkude ɗum kaayitaaji semmbe fotde miliyaaruuji 2,2 dolaar e nder laamu mum duuɓi jeetati, tawi alaa ko o waɗi so wonaa laawol. Ciimtol ngol ɗoo wiɗto meeɗaa jaɓeede e nder parlemaa leydi Najeriya fof sabu manipulaasiyoŋ e golle ɗee fof e ardorde goomu wiɗto laamu nguu. Wonaa e winndannde laawɗunde wootere, mawɗo Obasanjo ñaawaama.[258] E lewru mee 2014, Obasanjo winndi hooreejo leydi Goodluck Jonathan ngam ɗaɓɓude yo o waɗtu hakkille e innde laamu leydi Najeriya ngam yoɓde sukaaɓe rewɓe Chibok ɓe fedde Boko Haram joginoo.[259] Ñalnde 16 feebariyee 2015, o woppi lannda laamu nguu, o yamiri hooreejo diiwaan PDP yo ƴettu kaayitaaji makko e nder yeewtere jaaynde.[260] O anndiraa caggal mum ko navigateur lannda luulndo keso sosaa, hono APC.[261] Ñalnde 24 lewru Yarkomaa hitaande 2018, o winndi hooreejo leydi ndi, hono Muhammadu Buhari, o hollitii nokkuuji ɗi o ŋakkiraa, o wasiyii mo nde o woppataa laamu e hitaande 2019.[262] Haa hannde denndaangal ɓataakeeji makko feewde e hooreeɓe leydi ndii ina adii njillu maɓɓe.[263] Ñalnde 31 lewru Yarkoma hitaande 2018, o fuɗɗi diɗɗal siyaasaaku bi'eteengal "Kawtal ngam Diɗɗal Naajeeriya" (CNM) haa Abuja.[264] Ñalnde 10 lewru mbooy hitaande 2018, dillere ndee ƴetti lannda politik, hono Kongres Demokaratik Afrik (ADC).[265] Ñalnde 20 noowammbar 2018, Obasanjo hollitii e dow laabi gartugol mum[266] e lannda luulndo mawngo, hono lannda Demokaraasi Leƴƴi (PDP) e nder udditgol deftere wiyeteende My Transition Hours, nde gonnooɗo hooreejo leydi ndii, hono Goodluck Jonathan winndi. Ñalnde 22 lewru bowte hitaande 2022, Obasanjo hollitii wonde o woppii politik partiiji, caggal nde o jaɓɓi depiteeji ngenndiiji lannda Demokaraasi Leƴƴi [PDP] to hoɗorde makko to Ota, to diiwaan Ogun, to leydi Nijeer[267] Dipolomasi Obasanjo toɗɗaa ko nulaaɗo keeriiɗo to leydi Konngo, to leydi Konngo, ndi wolde yani e mum. O waɗi batuuji ceertuɗi e gardiiɗo leydi RDC Joseph Kabila e gardiiɗo luulndiiɓe laamu nguu hono Laurent Nkunda. E nder wooteeji Zimbaabwee e lewru sulyee 2013, Obasanjo ardii delegaasiyoŋ ƴeewooɓe wooteeji Dental Afrik.[268] E hitaande 2022, Obasanjo waɗii hakkunde kaaldigal jam hakkunde laamu Ecoppi e fedde wiyeteende Tigre e les njiimaandi Dental Afrik, haa arti noon e dartagol wolde Tigre ñalnde 2 noowammbar 2022.[269] E hitaande 2025, Obasanjo toɗɗaama yo won hakkundeejo e nder renndo Afrik fuɗnaange e renndo ƴellitaare Afrik worgo e nder leydi Konngo e nder kampaañ M23 (2022–hannde).[270] Jaŋde ɓeydaande E lewru desaambar 2017, Obasanjo ƴetti doktoraa mum. tesis e nder diine to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde leydi Najeriya. Miijo politik To bannge miijooji, Obasanjo ko ngenndiyanke Najeriya.[27] O ɗon mari haaje yidde lesdi Naajeeriya e nuɗɗinki dow Naajeeriya foti jogaago lesdi-leydi woore, naa ngam senndindirki dow laabi lenyol.[275] E hitaande 2001, o hollitii wonde faandaare makko juutnde ko "moƴƴinde kala sifaa ɓiyleydaagu so wonaa ɓiyleydaagu leydi Nijeer". O wi'i ɓustugo lesdi Naajeeriya dow laabi le'i, ɗum waddan laɓɓinki le'i e fitinaaji ɗi yi'aama wakkati hareeji Yugoslawi nder kitaale 1990.[275] Iliffe wi'i Obasanjo'en lesdi Naajeeriya ɗon mari bawɗe ngam o wurti diga yimɓe mawɓe Yoruba'en e wakkati maako nder konu, haa o huwi bee sooje'en diga lenyol feere-feere.[27] Demokaraasi ina waawi waasde jogaade ƴellitaare faggudu yaawnde walla ngalu kono ko ɗum, ko famɗi fof, mbaadi laamu ɓurndi moƴƴude haa jooni, ndi addanta ko ɓuri heewde e yimɓe tawtoreede no haanirta nii e nder peeje e geɗe jowitiiɗe e laamu mum en. Demokaraasi ko cuɓal ngal laamɓe ɓuri yiɗde... E nder ngonka leydi Naajeeriya, demokaraasi ko kañum tan woni koolaaɗo kuuɓal baawɗo hawrude e pelle leslese ceertuɗe e nder leñol jogiingol daɗndo ngootaagu, potal e darnde wootere e nder dumunna. — Olusegun Obasanjo ko faati e demokaraasi, hitaande 1990[276] Iliffe hollitii wonde teeŋtinde politik nanondiral ko "kuulal gonngal dow ngal" e nder nguurndam Obasanjo fof.[68] Nde o woni e laamu e kitaale 1970, Obasanjo hollitii ñiŋooje makko e "luulndaare juɓɓule" e laamu nguu.[109] E miijo makko, ɗum "ina luurdi no feewi e ko ɓuri heewde e pinal e golle politik Afrik."[161] E nder nokkuuji ɗo o luulndii laamu nguu, o miijii wonde lanndaaji luulndiiɗi ɗii ina poti waɗde heen geɗe moƴƴe,[161] e wonde politikaaji ɗii ina poti jokkude njiylawu nanondiral, wonaa waɗde luural ko juuti. O sikki wonde pottital politik ina jogii batte cemmbinɗe, ɗe nganndu-ɗaa ina teskaa e leydi ƴellitoori hono Nijeer, kadi deeƴre ina foti reeneede.[109] Obasanjo ɗon wolwa haa batu hitaande 2014, kawtal Banki Afriknaajo ngam ɓamtaare lesdi Kigali Nde o mettini e ko o yi’i ko ina wona ŋakkeende laamu demokaraasi wakilaagu e nder fuɗɗoode kitaale 1980, Obasanjo fuɗɗii hollirde ballal mum e dowla gooto e nder leydi Najeriya. O wiyi noon wonde ooɗoo dowla gooto ina foti wallitde yimɓe fof e nder laamu, teddinde jojjanɗe aadee, e reende ndimaagu haalde.[161] Caggal mum e kitaale 1980, o jeertinii eɓɓaande dowla lanndaaji ɗiɗi ɗi Babangida ƴettunoo, o miijii wonde so Babangida ina miijo lannda hakkunde-nano e hakkunde-nyaamo ina kaɓa hakkunde mum en, alaa e sago ɗum ƴellitoo haa wonta lannda gooto lomtotooɗo Kerecee’en fuɗnaange, lannda goɗɗo oo lomtotooɗo juulɓe fuɗnaange][16]. O wi'i haa nokkuure nden o wi'i walaa keerol dow limngal lanndaaji siyaasaaku ɗi mbaawata sosde, koo ngam o wi'i to ɗum waawataa waɗugo nden Naajeeriya laatoto lesdi lannda woore.[161] E nder njiimaandi Dental Sowiyet e fuɗɗoode kitaale 1990 e yah-ngartaa caggal ɗuum feewde e politik lanndaaji keewɗi e nder Afrik, Obasanjo kadi wonti balloowo lanndaaji keewɗi Jaɓɓungal e ndonu Statue Olusegun Obasanjo to Owerri, diiwaan Imo, leydi Najeriya. John Iliffe siftinii Obasanjo wonde "tergal ɓurngal teeŋtude e yonta ɗiɗaɓo ardiiɓe Afrik jeyaaɓe e leydi ndii, ɓe ndarni koye mum en ngam semmbinde dowlaaji mum en caggal koloñaal".[275] O sikki ko geɗe nay mawɗe ɗe Obasanjo waɗi e laamu mum : o jokki e jogaade heen geɗel gootel e nder leydi ndii, o jokki e jogaade doole e nder leydi ndii, o wallitorii sosde Dental Afrik, o ustii ñamaale leydi ndii caggal leydi.[248] E lewru desaambar 1999, tolno jaɓgol makko ina tolnoo e 84% ; e hitaande 2001 ko 72% ; e lewru suwee 2003 nde ustii haa 39%.[234] Obasanjo ina tuumanoo laabi keewɗi fenaande e nder nguurndam mum fof, hay so tawii noon kanko e hoore makko o wiyi wonde golle makko ko goonga.[229] Ɓeen ñiŋooɓe Obasanjo ina cikki wonde caggal nde o nanngaa e kasoo e kitaale 1990, o ɓeydii faamde wonde ko o neɗɗo masiŋ, o woppii neɗɗaagu makko, o ɓeydii kadi tiiɗnaade e goongɗinde wonde ko ɗum woni darnde makko nde Alla yamiri ngam laamaade leydi Najeriya.[299] Ɓeen ñiŋooɓe Obasanjo ina cikki wonde o bonnii laamu, haa teeŋti noon e manndaa makko ɗiɗaɓo, o wonti ko miijo jogaade laamu haa abada.[282] E nder manndaa makko gadano e nder laamu, o dañii heen gaññeeje e banndiraaɓe makko Yoruba en, ɓe cikkatnoo ko o fotnoo waɗde ko ɓuri ɗum ngam ɓamtude nafooje leñol makko e nder laamu.[300] Caggal nde o nanngaa, Obasanjo wiyi wonde ñiŋooje ina kuutoree tan ngam tabitinde « goonga e haala am » e hollirde ñiŋooje makko « bonɗe e nder aduna dogɗo e bonɗo ».[299] Defte ɗe obasanjo winndi Watch am Volume 1: Nguurndam arano e konu Watch am Volume 2: Geɗe politik e renndo Watch am Volume 3: Jooni e ndeen Yamiroore am Nzeogwu Daaba Wiyeteeɗo Neɗɗo Fajiri Keso Thabo Mbeki mo anndi Afrik E Gite Patriot Waɗde Afrik ina golla: Deftere janngirnde Waɗde nanondiral e jokkondiral Amerik e Afrik: yeewtere joyaɓere nde David M. Abshire rokki, ñalnde 15 lewru Duujal hitaande 1987 Afrik e nder Yiyngo Ɓataakeeji ngam waylude aduna: Gila e Pankhurst haa e Orwell Wonaa Yiɗde am Golle Demokaraasi : Rewindaade politik ngam nafoore Afrik Watch am Caɗeele Ardorde e nder Afrik Gaañanɗe wolde : Coodguuli ƴellitaare e nder Sudaan worgo Ardiiɓe ngam duwaawu moƴƴo Caɗeele peewnugol ndema e kisal nguura e nder Afrik Haɓde e caɗeele sukaaɓe Afrik e ŋakkeende nguura : darnde ndema Afrik e nder sosde golle Dust Suspended: Ciimtol nguurndam koloñaal, caggal leydi e nguurndam dipolomaasi 1953 haa 1986 Afrik e lewru marse: deftere ngam faggudu leydi ndii Suɓngooji Afrik teeŋtuɗi : Noddaango ngam ƴellitde laawol Pan-Afrik Njeenaaje e teddungal 1981–87, tergal, Goomu UNESCO ngam jam e nder hakkillaaji worɓe 1983–89 Tergal, Goomu keeriiɗo ngam ustude kaɓirɗe e kisal (Goomu Olaf Palme) 1983, tergal Goomu annduɓe OMS ko faati e batte kaɓirɗe nukliyeer 1986, hooreejo fedde yimɓe mawɓe Commonwealth ko faati e Afrik worgo 1986, tergal, Goomu Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe ko faati e Neɗɗo Toowɗo ko faati e jokkondiral hakkunde Ƴellitaare e Ƴellitaare 1987–93, gardiiɗo fedde winndereere ɓurnde moƴƴude, Wasinton D.C. 1988–89, Sosɗo e hooreejo, Fedde Ardorde Afrik e hooreejo, Yiilirde Ngenndiire, Fooyre Ardorde Afrik Inc. New York 1988 (mee), hooreejo, Heɗto Namibi, Fedde Adunaare Eklesiyaaji, Wasinton D.C 1988–99, Jaagorgal keeringal to Duɗal Adunawal Demal Toowngal, Ibadan 1989, tergal teddungal, Goomu toppitiingu njeenaari yimɓe Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe 1989, tergal, Fedde nde wonaa laamuyankoore ngam ƴellitaare kaalis wonande leyɗeele ƴellitiiɗe (Komisiyoŋ Schmidt) 1989 Tergal, Goomu Wagginoore, Parlemaa Golle Adunaaje 1989–99, hooreejo, Goomu Wagginooji, Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe (TI) 1990, tergal, Goomu Wagginoore, Duɗal Etikaaji Aduna Tergal, Yiilirde Ngenndiire, duɗal Afriknaajo Ameriknaajo 1991–93, Bayyinoowo, Fedde Afrik lewru kala 1991, tergal, Diiso yimɓe mawɓe, Reso kaaldigal hakkunde leyɗeele, Carter Center to Duɗal Jaaɓi-haaɗtirde Emory, Atlanta 1991, tergal, Diiso Wasiyaaji, Njeenaari Nguura Aduna, Des Moines, Iowa 1992, tergal, fedde toppitiinde ko fayti e kaalis Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe (Fondation Ford) 1993–95, tergal, Goomu Wasiyaaji Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe ko faati e Afrik 1994 – Yiylotooɗo laawɗuɗo wooteeji to Mosammbik e noddaango laamu Mosammbik 1994–99 Tergal, Goomu Wagginoore, Goomu Carnegies ngam haɗde hareeji maayɗi 1995–99, ko o gardiiɗo PNUD ngam ƴellitaare aadee Joom mum e mawɗo Promoter, Duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde karallaagal Bells, Ota.[22] Ƴeew kadi Defterdu hooreejo leydi Olusegun Obasanjo Tuugnorgal k6pam0urrha1eioe94w80uz26x5r7wp 175857 175788 2026-06-23T09:10:33Z Ilya Discuss 10103 #1Lib1Ref 175857 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Mawɗo Olusegun Matthew Okikiola Ogunboye Aremu Obasanjo GCFR (// C; Yoruba: Olúṣẹ́gun Ọbásanjọ́ [ōlúʃɛ́ɡũ̄ ɔ̄básã̄d͡ʒɔ́] R; jibinaa ko c. ndema, e gonnooɗo seneraal konu gonnooɗo hooreejo leydi Naajeeriya gila 1976 haa 1979, caggal ɗuum o woni hooreejo leydi ndii gila 1999 haa 2007. To bannge miijo, ko o ngenndiyanke Naajeeriya, o jeyaa ko e lannda Demokaraasi Leƴƴi (PDP) gila 1998 haa 2019. Obasanjo jibinaa ko e wuro Ibogun-Olaogun, e nder galle remoowo, jeyaaɗo e leñol Owu, Obasanjo janngi ko ɓuri heewde e wuro wiyeteengo Abeokuta, to diiwaan Ogun. O naati konu leydi Naajeeriya, o janngi ko faati e inndeeji, o golliima to Konngo, Angalteer, e Inndo, o arti e darnde Major. E darorɗe kitaale 1960, o waɗii darnde mawnde e haɓaade seernaaɓe Biafra e nder wolde hakkunde leyɗeele Nijeer, o jaɓi dogde e hitaande 1970. E hitaande 1975, kuudetaa konu sosi junta e Obasanjo e nder laamu mum tati. Caggal nde hooreejo triumvirate, hono Murtala Muhammed, waraa e hitaande rewtunde ndee, Diiso toowngo konu toɗɗii Obasanjo hooreejo leydi ndii. Jokkude politik Murtala, Obasanjo ƴeewtindiima taƴgol bidsee e yaajnude jaŋde ekkolaaji ɗi ngalaa njoɓdi. Ɓesdugo hawtuki lesdi Naajeeriya bee lesdi Amerika, o teddini kadi ballal pelle luutndiiɗe laamu ɓaleeɓe pamari nder Afrika woylaare. Obasanjo ɗon mari haaje wartirgo demokaraasi, o ardi woote 1979, ɓaawo man o hokki laamu lesdi Naajeeriya haa hooreejo lesdi siwil keso, Shehu Shagari. Ndeen Obasanjo artii e golle mum to Ota, Ogun, ɗo o wonti demoowo, o yaltini defte nay, o tawtoraama eɓɓooji winndereeji ngam joofnude hareeji Afrik ceertuɗi. E hitaande 1993, Sani Abacha heɓti laamu e kuudetaa konu. Obasanjo ina ñiŋa laamu Abacha e peeñcu, e hitaande 1995 o nanngaa, o ñaawaa wonde o jeyaa ko e kuudetaa peewnaaɗo, hay so tawii o seppii wonde o alaa ella. Nde o woni e kasoo ndee, o wonti Kerecee’en jibinaaɗo, tawi ko providentialism ina tiiɗtini no feewi e yi’annde makko aduna caggal ɗuum. O woppitaama caggal maayde Abacha e hitaande 1998. Obasanjo naati e politik wooteeji, o wonti kanndidaa PDP e wooteeji hooreleydaagu 1999, ɗi o dañi. Ko o hooreejo leydi, o woppi politik militeer en, kamɓe ɗiɗo fof ɓe njaajni polis, ɓe moofti konu ngam haɓaade fitinaaji leƴƴi, diineeji, e seernaaɓe jaajɗi. O itti sooje'en lesdi Naajeeriya diga lesdi Siyeraa Leone, o hokki hukuumaaji pamari feere-feere ngam ustugo ceede lesdi ndi'i. O artiraa e woote 2003. E nder miijooji Pan-Afrik, o woniino daraniiɗo no feewi sosde Dental Afrik, o woniino hooreejo mayre tuggi 2004 haa 2006. Eɓɓooje Obasanjo ngam waylude doosɗe leydi ngam ittude keeri manndaa hooreejo leydi, ɗe njahraani no haanirta nii, ɗe ngaddani ɗum ñiŋooje. Caggal nde o woppi golle, o heɓi doktoraa makko e ganndal diine to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde National Open to leydi Najeriya. Nguurndam gadano Baaba Olusegun Obasanjo, Obasanjo Bankole, jeyaa ko e ardiiɓe hoɗɓe e sosɓe wuro Igbogun Olaogun e fuɗɗoode kitaale 1920. Hay so tawii ko o demoowo keewɗo jawdi, o jom jawdi en, omo hiisee wonde miskiino sabu o jeyaaka e yimɓe jannguɓe e nder leydi Yoruba. Bankole hawri e Bernice Ashabi, njulaagu tokooso to Igbogun, kamɓe ɗiɗo fof ɓe resndi. Ɓeeɗoo ɗiɗo ina njogii ɓiɓɓe ɗiɗo heddiiɓe e nder jeegom : Olusegun e Adunni Oluwola, miñiiko debbo gooto. E wiyde paaspoor makko, Olusegun Obasanjo jibinaa ko ñalnde 5 marse 1937 hay so tawii noon alaa ko winndaa e mum hannde, ñalngu nguu ko limto ɓadiiɗo. Olusegun ko jeyaaɗo e Laamu Owu. O mawni ko e Baptiste. Debbo makko caggal mum naati lislaam ngam resde gorko juulɗo.[9] E duuɓi sappo e go'o, o naati duɗal leslesal wuro ngo,[10] caggal duuɓi tati, e hitaande 1951, o naati duɗal Baptist Day to nokku Owu to Abeokuta.[11] E hitaande 1952 o arti e duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde sukaaɓe Baptist,[12] kadi e nder wuro ngo. Feccere e njoɓdi duɗal makko ko dokke laamu.[13] Obasanjo waɗii ko moƴƴi e jaŋde,[14] e nder duɗal o wonti Boy Scout keewɗo faayiida.[15] Hay so tawii alaa ko holliti wonde e oon sahaa o tawtoraama kala pelle politik,[15] ko e nder duɗal hakkundeewal Obasanjo salii innde makko adannde "Matthew" ngam wonde golle luulndiiɗe koloñaal.[16] E nder ɗuum, baaba Obasanjo woppi debbo mum e sukaaɓe mum ɗiɗo.[17] Nde o yani e baasal, yumma Obasanjo ina foti golloraade njulaagu ngam wuurde.[15] Ngam yoɓugo ceede janngirde maako, Obasanjo ɗon huuwa haa gese kakawo e kola, ɗon ligga, ɗon mooɓa leɗɗe, ɗon sooda ceene mahooɓe. E nder balɗe udditgol duɗal ngal kadi o golliima e duɗal ngal, omo taƴa huɗo e golle juuɗe goɗɗe.[18] E hitaande 1956, Obasanjo waɗi jaŋde mum hakkundeere, caggal nde o ñamli kaalis ngam yoɓde njoɓdi naatgol.[19] E oon hitaande kadi, o fuɗɗii jokkondirde e Oluremi Akinlawon, ɓiy Owu mawɗo station. Ɓe ndarniino dewgal haa hitaande 1958.[20] O yalti duɗal, o fayi Ibadan, o ƴetti golle jannginde. Ko ɗoon o jooɗii e ekzamen naatgol to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Ibadan, kono hay so o jaɓii o tawi o waawaa yoɓde njoɓdi jaŋde.[19] Ndeen Obasanjo fellitii jokkude golle mum e nder konu leydi Najeriya, ngam heɓde ngal gollal, e hitaande 1958 o jaabiima eɓɓoore ngam janngude ofiseeji cadet e nder konu leydi Najeriya.[21][22] Fuɗɗoode golle konu (1958-1966) Heblo konu: 1958-1959 E lewru marse 1958, Obasanjo naati e konu leydi Najeriya.[23] O yi’i ɗum ko fartaŋŋe jokkude jaŋde makko tawa omo heɓa njoɓdi;[24] o humpitaaki ɗoon e ɗoon ɓesngu makko, o hulii wonde jibnaaɓe makko ina njaɓa ɗum.[25] Ko e oon sahaa konu leydi Najeriya ina jokki e juuɗe laamu koloñaal leydi Najeriya, ngam heblude ndimaagu leydi Najeriya timmungu, kadi ina waɗi eɓɓooje ngam heɓde yimɓe leydi Najeriya ɓurɓe heewde e nder darnde konu mum.[25] Ndeen o neldaama to duɗal jaŋde ofiseeji jooɗɗi to Teshie to leydi Gana.[23] Nde o woni caggal leydi, o neldi ɓataakeeji e dokke to jom suudu makko to leydi Najeriya.[20] E lewru suwee 1958, o suɓaa ngam ɓeydaade heblo lebbi jeegom to duɗal Mons Officer Cadet to Aldershot, to fuɗnaange Angalteer. Obasanjo yiɗaa ɗum toon, o sikkatnoo ko ɗum juɓɓule njiyaagu e njiyaagu, o tawi ina saɗi ko jokkondiri e dumunna Engele ɓurɗo toowde e ɓuuɓde.[26] Nde semmbini miijooji makko bonɗi e laamu Biritaan e hakke mum laamaade e dow laamuuji mum koloñaal en.[24] To Mons, o heɓi komisoŋ e seedantaagal to bannge innde. Nde Obasanjo woni to leydi Angalteer, yumma mum maayi. Baaba makko ndeen maayi ko hitaande caggal ɗuum.[27] E hitaande 1959, Obasanjo arti Nijeer. Ko ɗoon o artiraa to Kaduna, o woni subaltern infanterie e bataliyoŋ joyaɓo.[27] Wakkati maako haa Kaduna woni wakkati arandejum nde Obasanjo jooɗi haa nokkure nde juulɓe ɗuuɗi.[27] Ko nde o woni toon, e lewru Oktoobar 1960, leydi Nijeer wonti leydi ndimaagu.[28][22] Kiiriis Konngo: 1960-1961 Ƴeew kadi: Kiriis Konngo Caggal ɗuum seeɗa, bataliyoŋ joyaɓo neldaa to Konngo ngam jeyeede e konu Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe ngam haɓaade jam. Ko ɗoon bataliyoŋ oo woni e nder diiwaan Kivu, tawi ko ɗoon woni Bukavu.[28] To leydi Konngo, Obasanjo e woɗɓe ina njoginoo darnde reende siwil en, haa arti noon e leñol Belsik, e soldateeɓe murtuɓe e laamu Patrice Lumumba.[28] E lewru feebariyee 1961, Obasanjo nanngaa e juuɗe murtuɓe nde o ummotoo e misiyoŋaaji katolik en e nder dingiral sara Bukavu. Mutinooɓe ɓee miijinoo ko warde mo kono ɓe njamiraama yo ɓe njaltu. E lewru mee 1961, bataliyoŋ joyaɓo ummii Konngo, arti Najeriya.[28] E nder wolde nde, o toɗɗaama kapiteen wakkati.[24] O teskiima caggal ɗuum wonde sahaa mo o woni e Konngo oo ina semmbina "fervour pan-africain" bataliyoŋ makko.[28] Gartugol e leydi Konngo: 1961-1966 Nde o arti, Obasanjo soodi oto makko gadano, o naati e opitaal ko juuti sabu rafi reedu. Nde o selli, o artiraa e Korse Innjiniyaaruuji konu. E hitaande 1962 o jooɗii to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Royal College to Angalteer. Ko ɗoon o ɓuri waawde, o siforaa ko "almuudo Commonwealth ɓurɗo waawde". Oon hitaande, o yoɓi Akinlawon ngam yahde Londres ɗo o waawi naatde e kursus heblo. Ɓeeɗoo ɗiɗo resndi ɗum ko e lewru suwee 1963 to biro binnditagol Camberwell Green, ɓe nganndini ɓesnguuji maɓɓe tan caggal nde ɓe mbaɗi hiirde ndee.E ndeen hitaande, Obasanjo yamiraama yo o hoot to leydi Nijeer, hay so tawii debbo makko ina heddii to Londres duuɓi tati goɗɗi ngam timminde jaŋde makko. Nde o naati Naajeeriya, Obasanjo hoosi ardungal konu Innjiniyaaruuji ladde, jooɗiiɗum haa Kaduna. E nder konu, Obasanjo ina jokki e yahrude yeeso e nder darɗe, o wonti mawɗo e hitaande 1965. O huutoriima ngalu makko ngam soodde leydi, e fuɗɗoode kitaale 1960 o heɓi jawdi to Ibadan, Kaduna, e Lagos. E hitaande 1965, Obasanjo neldaa leydi Inndo. E nder laawol, o yilliima debbo makko to Londres. To leydi Indiya, o janngi to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde toppitiingal ko fayti e cellal to Wellington, caggal ɗuum to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Innjiniyaaruuji to Poona. Obasanjo hulɓinii e heege nde o seedtii e nder leydi Indiya hay so tawii o ƴettii nafoore e pinal leydi ndii, huunde nde addani mo janngude defte diineeji nannditooji. Hare nder leydi Naajeeriya Winndannde mawnde: Hare nder leydi Najeriya Golle makko ko adii wolde hakkunde leyɗeele: 1966-1967 Obasanjo ummi Naajeeriya nder lewru January hitaande 1966 ngam heɓugo lesdi ndi'i nder kuudetaa konu ngu Major Emmanuel Ifeajuna ardii. Obasanjo ina jeyaa e jeertinɓe wonde ngonka kaa ina waawi jippaade e wolde nder leydi.O hollitii wonde maa o won hakkunde ƴaañooɓe kuudetaa e laamu siwil, ngu rokki laamu nguu e juuɗe hooreejo konu Johnson Aguiyi-Ironsi. Nde kuudetaa oo ronki, Olusegun hawri e Ironsi to Lagos. Ironsi ɓooyaani ko timmini fedde nde e nder leydi Najeriya rewrude e yamiroore mum kawral e lewru mee 1966, huunde nde ɓuuɓni jiiɓru leƴƴi. E darorɗe lewru sulyee, kuudetaa ɗiɗmo waɗi. To wuro Ibadan, sooja'en iwdi woyla lesdi Naajeeriya ɗon ƴama, ɓe mbari Ironsi, ɓe mbari fodde teemeɗɗe ɗiɗi sooje'en ko ɓuri ɗuuɗugo ɓe iwdi lesdi Naajeeriya. Seneraal Yaakubu Gowon heɓti laamu. Nde ooɗoo kuudetaa waɗata nde Obasanjo wonnoo ko to Maiduguri. Nande ɗum, o yaawi hootde Kaduna. Ko ɗoon o tawi konu worgo ummoriiɗo e bataliyoŋ tataɓo ina ronka, ina torloo, ina wara soldateeɓe Igbo en. Gomnaajo lesdi Naajeeriya, Hassan Katsina, annditi dow koo ngam Olusegun naa Igbo, bana no o woni mo woylaare lesdi Naajeeriya, o ɗon nder ɓilla haa sooja'en murtuɓe. Ngam reenaade ɓe, Katsina neldi Olusegun e debbo mum ngarta Maiduguri balɗe sappo, tawi fitinaaji ɗii ina ustoo. Caggal ɗuum, Obasanjo neldi debbo mum to Lagos, tawi omo hoota Kaduna kanko e hoore makko, o woni ɗoon haa lewru Yarkomaa 1967. E oon sahaa ko kanko woni ofisee Yoruba ɓurɗo mawnude tawaaɗo to bannge worgo. E lewru Yarkomaa 1967, Obasanjo toɗɗaama to Lagos ngam wonde mawɗo Injineer konu.Hare hakkunde leƴƴi Igbo e leƴƴi worgo ina jokki e ɓeydaade, e lewru mee, ofisee konu Igbo C. Odumegwu Ojukwu hollitii jeytaare nokkuuji ɓurɗi heewde Igbo e nder fuɗnaange-rewo leydi Bi. Ñalnde 3 lewru juko, laamu leydi Najeriya neldi Obasanjo to Ibadan ngam wonde hooreejo leydi Hirnaange.Hare hakkunde konu leydi Najeriya e seernaaɓe Biafran fuɗɗii ko ñalnde 6 lewru juko. Ñalnde 9 sulyee, Ojukwu neldi koloñaal konu Biafra dow pont Niiseer ngam yiɗde heɓtude Mid-West, nokku ɗo ɓe mbaawi ummoraade Lagos. Obasanjo yiɗiino uddude laabi jahduɗi e wuro ngo. Komandaajo Yoruba biyeteeɗo Victor Banjo, ardinooɗo konu njanngu Biafran, etinooma waawnude Obasanjo yoo ɓe njaltu, kono o salii. Kuugal konu lesdi: 1967-1970 "Kolonel Olu Obasanjo, gardinooɗo diɗɗal tataɓal". Jaaynde Naajeeriya keso, hello 7, 12 lewru Yarkomaa 1970. Gagga hare nder leydi Naajeeriya e Biafra. Ndeen Obasanjo toɗɗaama hooreejo caggal diɗɗal ɗiɗaɓal Murtala Muhammed, gollotoongal to Mid-Ouest. Obasanjo woni ko e jooɗaade to Ibadan, ko kañum halfinaa Division ɗiɗaɓo oo jogaade kaɓirɗe. E nder wuro ngo, Obasanjo jannginii course ganndal konu to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Ibadan, o mahi jokkondiral makko e nder elite Yoruba. E nder wolde nde, wonno ko jiiɓru mawndu e nder Dowla Hirnaange, ngam daɗde e ɗeen caɗeele, Obasanjo woppi golle mum e nder Diiso doosɗe Hirnaange.Nde Obasanjo woɗɗi Ibadan e lewru noowammbar 1968, gure jogiiɗe kaɓirɗe ɗe fedde remooɓe Agbekoya moofti, njani e galle laamorɗo Ibadan. Konuuji ɗii njaabtii, mbari sappo e fitinaaji ɗii. Nde Obasanjo arti o yamiri yo ñaawirde ƴeewto kewuuji ɗii. Yamiroore konu: 1967-1970 "Kolonel Olu Obasanjo, gardinooɗo diɗɗal tataɓal". Jaaynde Naajeeriya keso, hello 7, 12 lewru Yarkomaa 1970. Gagga hare nder leydi Naajeeriya e Biafra. Ndeen Obasanjo toɗɗaama hooreejo caggal diɗɗal ɗiɗaɓal Murtala Muhammed, gollotoongal to Mid-Ouest. Obasanjo ina jooɗii to Ibadan, ko kañum halfinaa Division ɗiɗaɓo oo jogaade kaɓirɗe. E nder wuro ngo, Obasanjo jannginii course ganndal konu to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Ibadan, o mahi jokkondiral makko e nder elite Yoruba. E nder wolde nde, wonno ko jiiɓru mawndu e nder Dowla Hirnaange, ngam daɗde e ɗeen geɗe, Obasanjo woppi golle e nder Diiso doosɗe Dowla Hirnaange. Nde Obasanjo woɗɗi Ibadan e lewru noowammbar 1968, wuro ngo ina jogii balɗe, ngo fedde remooɓe Agbekoya moofti, yani e galle laamorɗo Ibadan. Konuuji ɗii njaabtii, mbari sappo e fitinaaji ɗii. Nde Obasanjo arti o yamiri yo ñaawirde ƴeewto kewuuji ɗii. Gowon felliti lomtaade Kolonel Benjamin Adekunle, ardinooɗo njanngu Biafra, kono ina haani Yoruba mawɗo goɗɗo. O suɓii ko Obasanjo, hay so tawii noon o alaa humpito hare. Obasanjo arii Port Harcourt ngam heɓtude golle ɗee ñalnde 16 mee 1969 ; o ardii hannde hakkunde 35 000 e 40 000 soldaat. O waɗii jonte jeegom gadane ɗee ko e riiwtude njangu Biafran e Aba. O yilliima kala nokku e yeeso, o gaañiiɗo e waɗde ɗum. Ɗee golle ngaddi mo innde cuusal e nder worɓe makko E lewru desaambar, Obasanjo fuɗɗii golle Finishing Touch, yamiri konu mum yo yahru yeeso feewde Umuahia, ngu ɓe ƴetti ñalnde Natal. Ɗum taƴii Biafra e feccere. Ñalnde 7 lewru Yarkomaa 1970, o ummini ndeen « Operation Tail-Wind », o heɓti laana ndiwoowa Uli ñalnde 12 lewru Yarkomaa. E oon sahaa, ardiiɓe Biafran njaɓi yoɓde. Ñalnde 13 lewru nduu, Obasanjo jokkondiri e komandaajo konu Biafran biyeteeɗo Philip Effiong. Obasanjo wi'i sooja'en Biafran hokka balmi maɓɓe, nden boo suɓol ardiiɓe lesdi ndi'i ɗon yaha Lagos, ɓe hokka Gowon dow laawol. Janngo mum, Obasanjo haali e rajo diiwaan oo, o wiyi ɓiɓɓe leydi ndi yo njokku e galleeji mum en, o dartina kisal mum en. Biafranaaɓe heewɓe e jaayɗe goɗɗe ina kuli wonde konu leydi Najeriya ina waawi waɗde bonanndeeji keewɗi e yimɓe foolɓe ɓee, hay so tawii noon Obasanjo ina yiɗi haɗde ɗum. O yamiri konu makko e nder diiwaan hee yo heddo e nder galleeji mum en, jokkude wonde polis nokku oo ina foti ƴettude kuule ngam ƴellitde sariya e deeƴre. Division tataɓo, ɓurɗo woɗɗude, waɗii hareeji warngooji e yimɓe nokku oo. Obasanjo ina tiiɗi e waɗooɓe bonannde ndee, sibu waɗɓe warngooji ɗii mberlaama, waɗɓe warngooji ɗii mbardaa. Laamu Gowon waɗi Obasanjo kalfinaaɗo naatnude Biafra e nder leydi Najeriya, e nder oon darnde o heɓi teddungal ngam teeŋtinde mawngu. Ko o injenieer, o teeŋtinii artirde jolngo ndiyam ; haa lewru mee 1970 gure mawɗe diiwaan oo fof njokkondirii e jolngo ndiyam. Darnde Obasanjo e timminde wolde nde waɗi mo jaambaaro wolde, kadi ko o neɗɗo ganndiraaɗo e nder leydi Najeriya. Kuugal maako ɓaawo konu lesdi: 1970-1975 E lewru suwee 1970, Obasanjo arti Abeokuta, jamaanu jaɓɓii mo no jaambaaro garoowo nii. Ndeen o neldaama to Lagos, o woni Brigadier gardinooɗo Korse Innjiniyankooɓe. E lewru oktoobar, Gowon hollitii wonde laamu militeer en ina rokka laamu nguu laamu siwil e hitaande 1976. E nder ɗuum, haɗde lanndaaji politik ina heddii e doole ; Gowon yahri yeeso seeɗa e sosde laamu siwil. E les laamu sooja'en, Obasanjo jooɗi nder goomu limngal sooja'en lesdi Naajeeriya, ko laarani limngal sooja'en lesdi Naajeeriya nder duuɓi 1970. E hitaande 1974 Obasanjo yahi to leydi Angalteer ngam janngude to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Royal College to bannge diine. Nde o arti, e lewru Yarkomaa 1975 Gowon toɗɗii mo Komisariyaa Golle e Koɗki, golle ɗe o joginoo fotde lebbi jeeɗiɗi, e nder ɗuum o ɓuri waawde mahde kaɓirɗe konu. E hitaande 1970, Obasanjo soodi sosiyatee Libannaajo ɓooyɗo to Ibadan, o gollini heen awokaa ngam ƴellitde ɗum. E hitaande 1973 o winnditii fedde wiyeteende Temperance Enterprises Limited, nde o waawi waɗde heen golle njulaagu caggal nde o woppi golle konu. O jokki kadi e waɗde heen jawdi ; e hitaande 1974 o joginoo galleeji ɗiɗi to Lagos e gooto fof to Ibadan e Abeokuta. Haalaaji ummii wonde Obasanjo ina jokki e waɗde njulaagu nguu ina ɓeydoo yaajde e nder leydi Najeriya, hay so tawii noon alaa ko holliti ɗum ko laaɓti. Dewgal makko e Oluremi wonti caɗeele nde o salii jokkondiral makko e rewɓe woɗɓe. E cakkital kitaale 1970 dewgal maɓɓe fusi. E hitaande 1976 o resi Stella Abebe e nder kewu aadaaji Yoruba. E nder laamu Murtala Kuudetaa 1975 e caggal mum Binndanɗe mawɗe: Kuudetaa laamu Nijeer e hitaande 1975 e Kawtal konu Nijeer (1966–1979) E lewru sulyee 1975, kuudetaa e gardagol Shehu Muusaa Yar’Adua e Yuusuf Garba liɓi Gowon, o dogi fayti Angalteer. Ɓe kaalaani Obasanjo e peeje maɓɓe nde tawnoo omo anndiraa wonde kuudetaa ko kuutorgal waylude laamu. Kuudetaaji ɗii njiɗnoo ko lomtinde laamu otokaraasi Gowon nguu e laamu tati (triumvirate) brigadieruuji tati ɗi Diiso Toowngo Konu ina waawi haɗde kuule mum en. Ngalɗoo laamu tati, ɓe cemmbini Seneraal Murtala Muhammed yo won hooreejo leydi, Obasanjo woni ɗiɗaɓo e gardagol mum, Danjuma woni tataɓo. Daartoowo biyeteeɗo John Iliffe teskiima wonde e nder triumvirate, Obasanjo ko « puccu gollordu e ngaandi » , ko kanko ɓuri yaawde hootde e laamu siwil. E nder heen, triumvirate oo naatni peeje ustude ngalu ngam haɗde inflation, sosi Biro toppitiiɗo ko fayti e golle bonɗe, lomtini guwerneeruuji militeer en ɗii fof ofiseeji kesi, ɓe cifotoo ko Obasanjo woni hooreejo konu, ɓe puɗɗii "Operation Deadwood" mo ɓe ndartini ofiseeji civil 11,000. Mawɗo gollordu, suudu sarɗiiji: 1975–76 E lewru oktoobar 1975, laamu nguu hollitii peeje ngam waɗde woote ɗe mbaɗata ngam laamu siwil e lewru oktoobar 1979. Ngu hollitii kadi peeje ngam sosde goomu ngam ƴettude doosgal leydi kesal, tawi ko Obasanjo ɓuri waawde suɓaade terɗe goomu nguu 49. E dow wasiyaaji Komiseer Irifeke, laamu nguu hollitii kadi sosde dowlaaji jeeɗiɗi kesi ; e dow tiiɗnaare Obasanjo, Abeokuta ina foti wonde laamorgo gooto e ɗeen dowlaaji kesi, hono Ogun. Kadi dow wasiyaaji komitiiru ndun, ɓe anndini anniyaaji seeɗa-seeɗa ngam wurtinki laamorgo lesdi Naajeeriya diga Lagos haa Abuja ɓurduɗum caka. E lewru Yarkomaa 1976, Obasanjo e Danjuma fof ƴettaa e jappeere Lietnaa-Seneraal. Murtala e Obasanjo fof ina ndartini darnde ngam haɗde koloñaal Oropnaaɓe jokkude e njiimaandi ɓaleeɓe tokosɓe e nder Afrik worgo, ɗum noon ko huunde nde ɓe cuɓii e politik maɓɓe caggal leydi. Ngolɗoo sabaabu ina ɓeydoo wontude ngoƴa Obasanjo. Caggal nde Angolaa heɓti jeytaare mum e juuɗe Portigaal, wolde ɓesngu addi e leydi hee. Naajeeriya anndi laabi laamu ngu MPLA, fedde marxist en nde Dental Sowiyet walli, sabu laamu luulndiingu FNLA e UNITA ina mballita e laamu ɓaleeɓe tokosɓe to Afrik worgo. Ko jiidaa e rokkude MPLA ballal kaalis, Niiseer fuɗɗiima ƴattaade leyɗeele Afrik goɗɗe ngam kadi jaɓde njuɓɓudi MPLA, e fuɗɗoode hitaande 1976 ko ɓuri heewde e dowlaaji e nder Fedde Ngootaagu Afrik (OAU) mbaɗii ɗum. E lewru feebariyee 1976, Obasanjo ardii delegaasiyoŋ Najeriya ngam mawninde hitaande MPLA to Luanda, ɗo o wiyi : « ko ñalngu maantiniingu, ko ɗum fuɗɗoode hare sakkitiinde ngam haɓaade koloñaal, imperiyaalisma e njiyaagu e nder Afrik ». Warngo Murtala : 13 feebariyee 1976 E lewru feebariyee 1976, kolonel Buka Suka Dimka waɗi kuudetaa e laamu Nijeer, tawi ko ndeen Seneraal Murtala Muhammed waraa. Eɓɓoore kadi waɗaama e nguurndam Obasanjo, kono neɗɗo mo fotaani waraa. Dimka ŋakkiraa ballal mawngal e nder militeer en, kuudetaa makko ronki, ɗum addani mo dogde. Obasanjo tawtoraaki wirwirnde Murtala to Kano, kono o hollitii laamu nguu ina jogori yoɓde mahngo juulirde e nokku ɗo o wirnaa ɗoo. Caggal nde o waraa, Obasanjo tawtoraama batu Diiso Toowngo Konu. O hollitii yiɗde makko woppude laamu, kono Diiso ngoo heɓiino ɗaɓɓude yo o lomto Murtala e gardagol leydi ndii. Ko ɗum waɗi o wonti hooreejo diiso ngoo.E nder kulhuli makko e ɓeydagol eɓɓooji e nguurndam makko, Obasanjo naati e nder kasoo Dodan, tawi 39 neɗɗo tuumaaɗo wonde e nder kuudetaa Dimka mbaraa, ɗum jibini tuumeede wonde jaabawol Obasanjo ngol ina heewi. Ko Obasanjo woni hooreejo leydi ndi, o huniima jokkude dawrugol Murtala. Hooreejo leydi konu (1976-1979) Triumvirat konu E anndude kulhuli gonɗi e woɗɗude yimɓe woyla Naajeeriya, Obasanjo addi Seneraal Shehu Yar'Adua ngam lomtaade mo e ɗiɗaɓo e gardagol hooreejo konu, gardiiɗo jaagorɗe toowɗo timminoowo triumvirate militeer en, Obasanjo woni hooreejo leydi e Seneraal Theophilus Stajumabli ngam laamaade dow tato we- laamu konu. Obasanjo hirjinii jeewte e nanondiral hakkunde Diiso Toowngo Konu. Heewɓe ina kaawaa hol ko waɗi Obasanjo – hono Yoruba e Kerecee – toɗɗaade Yar’Adua, tergal e aristokraasi worgo, yo won gardiiɗo ɗiɗaɓo mum, wonaa banndiiko Yoruba Kerecee. Obasanjo teeŋtinii kulhuli ngenndiiji e dow ɗi diiwanuuji ɗii ; o hirjini sukaaɓe e mawɓe fof nde njanngata fodoore ngenndiire hesere ndee e jimɗi ngenndiiji ɗii. Nafoore heɓde miijooji ɓurɗi yaajde, ñalnde aset kala omo waɗa seminar mo alaa ko woni e mum so wonaa toɓɓere nde yimɓe ɓe ngonaa politikaaji e gollotooɓe laamu noddata. Ina jeyaa e ɓe o ɗaɓɓirta wasiyaaji mum en, annduɓe lislaam e mawɓe aadaaji. Politik faggudu Obasanjo wondude e hooreejo leydi Amerik biyeteeɗo Jimmy Carter to galle laamorɗo Amerik e hitaande 1977 E cakkital kitaale 1970, leydi Naajeeriya ina joginoo faggudu ɓurndu heewde doole, tawi noon ko 34% e inflation. Ngam haɓugo bee caɗeele faggudu lesdi Naajeeriya, Obasanjo tokki dabareeji cemmbiɗinki ceede ngam ustugo ceede laamu. E nder bidsee makko 1976, Obasanjo eɓɓi ustude njoɓdi laamu nguu fotde feccere, ustude eɓɓaaɗe tedduɗe, tawa ina ɓeyda njoɓdi jaŋde, cellal, galleeji, e ndema. O sosi kadi goomu ngam haɓaade inflation, e nder hitaande wootere caggal nde Obasanjo heɓi laamu, inflation ustii haa 30%. Obasanjo ina heewi yiɗde ñamlude kaalis, kono e ballal Banke Adunayankeewo e Fonds Monétaire International, Nijeer ƴetti ñamlude miliyaaruuji 1 dolaar e fedde bankeeji. Ɓeen ñiŋooɓe leftist en mbiyi wonde waɗde ɗum ina addana leydi ndii ɗooftaade kapitaalisma. E nder duuɓi ɗiɗi garooji ɗii, laamu Obasanjo, Nijeer ƴettii 4 983 miliyoŋ dolaar goɗɗo. Naajeeriya ina wondi e ɓeydagol fotde 3% hitaande kala e nder kitaale 1970, huunde nde fotnoo ɓeydaade fotde laabi ɗiɗi e nder duuɓi 25 seeɗa. Obasanjo teskiima caggal ɗuum wonde o anndaa ɗum e oon sahaa, sibu laamu makko alaa politik e ƴellitde yimɓe. Ɓeydagol yimɓe leydi Naajeeriya addani ɓe ɓeydaade yaawde e nder gure mawɗe e ŋakkeende cuuɗi e nder gure. Ngam haɓaade ɗum, bidsee Obasanjo e hitaande 1976 hollitii peeje mahngo 200 000 galle keso haa hitaande 1980, hay so tawii noon ko 28 500 tan mahaa.E hitaande 1976, laamu Obasanjo kadi hollitii wonde ina jogori ƴellitde renndo e cogguuli. Ngam haɓaade jiiɓru seppooji gollotooɓe, e hitaande 1976 laamu Obasanjo yaltinii sariyaaji cifotooɗi ko ɓuri heewde e gollorɗe mawɗe ko sarwisaaji baɗɗi faayiida, haɗi seppooji e nder mum en, yamiri nanngugol ardiiɓe senndikaaji jiiɓru. E hitaande 1978 nde hawriti senndikaaji 42 e nder fedde wootere nde gollotooɓe e leydi Nijeer. Obasanjo jokki bee taskaramji tati mawɗi ngam ndiyam haa woyla lesdi Naajeeriya ɗi arannde anndinaama les Murtala: taskaramji maayo Kano, taskaramji Bakalori, e taskaramji ndiyam Chad Sud. Laamu makko kadi jokki eɓɓooji ƴellitaare ndema puɗɗanooɗi to Funtua, Gusau, e Gombe. Won eɓɓaaɗe ƴellitgol laddeeji kadi puɗɗaama ngam haɗde njiimaandi Saharaa to bannge worgo. Ngam heɓde ko ɓuri heewde e ɗaɓɓaande leydi ndii e kuuraa, Obasanjo ardiima udditgol eɓɓaaɗe ɗiɗi kese ngam ƴellitde kuuraa e nder ndiyam e ƴulɓe. Industry petrol heddii ko huunde mawnde e faggudu leydi Naajeeriya e les laamu Obasanjo, ministeer petrol hawtii e fedde petroŋ leydi Naajeeriya ngam sosde fedde petroŋ leydi Naajeeriya (NNPC). Obasanjo kadi wallitii sosde lowre liggorde to Bonny, nde NNPC yoɓi 62% ; eɓɓaande ndee ko lomto makko woppi ɗum e nder ɓeydagol coodguuli. Obasanjo jokki kadi e peewnugol njuɓɓudi njamndi mboɗeeri Ajaokuta, eɓɓaande ndonaandi nde heewɓe e ñiŋooɓe e nder sarwisaaji laamu mbiyata ko nde waawataa huutoreede. E nder cakkital kitaale 1970, Naajeeriya kadi ina wondi e ustaare ndema, ko ɗum huunde nde laamuuji jokkondirɗi ɗii njiyti ko ɓuri hoybude e naatde e nguura e nder leydi ndii. E lewru mee 1976, Obasanjo fuɗɗii « Operation Feed the Nation » (Operation Feed the Nation), woni eɓɓaande ngam wuurtinde ndema tokoosa, tawi ina jeyaa heen yoɓeede almudɓe ngam remde e nder balɗe juulde. Eɓɓaande ndee ina waɗi kadi momtugol njoɓɗeele e nguura jawdi e kaɓirɗe ndema, e ballal kuutoragol tovo ngo, e ustude njoɓɗeele ndema. E lewru marse 1978, Obasanjo yaltini kuulal kuutoragol leydi ndi rokki laamu nguu hakkeeji jeyi leydi e dow leydi ndii kala. Ɗum waɗiraa ko ngam haɗde njulaagu leydi e njulaagu leydi, kadi addani ɗum yetteede e bannge nano leydi Najeriya hay so tawii noon ko galleeji keewɗi jogiiɗi leydi njiɗaa ɗum. Obasanjo yiyri ɗum ko e geɗe teeŋtuɗe laamu mum. Obasanjo wallitorii reentaade Gowon ngam waɗde heen jawdi mum caggal leydi, o jokki e ɗeen politikaaji. Politik faggudu ngenndiyankaagal e nder sekteeruuji teeŋtuɗi ina usta njulaagu keeriiɗo, ɗum addani ɗum ustude njulaagu, hay so tawii noon daraniiɓe ɗum ɓee ina njetta Obasanjo ngam dartinde diisnondiral kaalis so renndinaama e ardiiɓe mum. Politikuuji nder leydi O (Obasanjo) jokki e ƴamol jaŋde leslesre winndereyankoore e nder leydi Najeriya, politik ronkaama e Gowon. O naatini sariya jaŋde leslesre e hitaande 1976 ; hakkunde 1975–76 e 1979–80, binnditagol e duɗe leslese ɗe njoɓaaka kono ɗe njiɗaa, ɓeydiima gila e miliyoŋaaji 6 haa 12,5 miliyoŋ, hay so tawii noon jannginooɓe e kaɓirɗe ina ŋakki ngam waawde huutoraade ɗaɓɓaande ndee. E hitaande jaŋde 1977–78, Obasanjo naatni jaŋde hakkundeere nde alaa ko yoɓetee e fannuuji karallaagal, huunde nde yaajnaa e denndaangal jaŋde hakkundeere e hitaande 1979–80. E oon sahaa gooto, leydi Naajeeriya ustii kaalis jaŋde toownde ; e hitaande 1978 nde woppi rokkude ñamaale almudɓe, nde ɓeydi fotde laabi tati njoɓdi nguura e hoɗorde duɗe jaaɓi haaɗtirde. Seppooji janngooɓe mbaɗi e nder gure keewɗe, waɗii warngooji baɗnooɗi e nder wuro Lagos e Zaria. E nder jaabawol fitinaaji ɗii, Obasanjo udditi duɗe jaaɓi-haaɗtirde keewɗe, haɗi golle politik e nder duɗe jaaɓi-haaɗtirde, haɗi kadi fedde janngooɓe leydi Najeriya. Tiiɗnaare ɗeen peeje ina gasa tawa ko sabu tuumeede wonde fitinaaji almudɓe ɗii ina njokkondiri e kuudetaa militeer peewnaaɗo e lewru feebariyee 1978. Obasanjo ina mettini e jikkuuji almudɓe seppooɓe ɓee, o wiyi wonde ɗum ina hollita ruttaade e nafooje aadaaji ko wayi no hormaade almudɓe. Ngam batte ɓamtaare laamu Naajeeriya, leydi ndi yi’i ɓamtaare mawnde nder kuuɗe laamu. Seedeeji peeñii ko feewti e fenaande mawnde e nder laamu leydi ndii, tee, so tawii tuume ɗee ina keewi waɗeede e Obasanjo e hoore mum, alaa seedeeji tiiɗɗi peeñi. Ngam haɗde natal njulaagu e nder laamu, laamu Obasanjo haɗii huutoraade otooji Mercedes ngam waɗde otooji laamu, e lomtaade ɗum en, ɓe mbaɗti heen otooji Peugeot 504 ɓurɗi hoybude Naatgol champagne kadi haɗaama. E ƴaañde taƴgol konu, laamu Obasanjo yiyri 12 000 soldaat ina ndartinaa e nder duuɓi 1976 e 1977. Ɗee konu njalti ko e nokkuuji kesi ngam wallitde ɗum en e jokkondirde e nguurndam siwil en. Obasanjo kadi ina tuuma wonde ko kañum woni sabaabu ƴaañgol politik. E nder yeewtere wootere maantiniinde, koɗorɗe jimoowo e daraniiɗo politik Najeriya biyeteeɗo Fela Kuti, Republique Kalakuta, yani, yani haa laaɓi, caggal nde tergal e fedde makko hawri e yimɓe konu. Fela e ɓesngu mum piyi, njuppaa, yumma mum mawɗo, daraniiɗo politik e yumma mum sosɗo Chief Funmilayo Ransome Kuti, werlaa e windo. Ɗum addani mo gaañiiɓe no feewi, haa arti noon e maayde makko. Fela caggal ɗuum nawti kees to galle hooreejo leydi ndii e oon sahaa to Dodan Barracks to Lagos ngam salaade ƴaañde laamu nguu e politik. Politik caggal leydi Hooreejo leydi Amerik biyeteeɗo Jimmy Carter ina wondi e Obasanjo e njillu mum to leydi Najeriya e hitaande 1978 Obasanjo ina yiɗi tabitinde leydi Najeriya no ardorde mawnde e nder Afrik nii, e nder laamu makko, doole mum e nder duunde nde ɓeydiima. O ummini dabare Gowon ngam waɗugo julde ɗiɗaɓre nder duuniyaaru ngam naalankaaku e pinal ɓaleeɓe e afriknaajo haa lesdi Naajeeriya; ɗum waɗi ko to Lagos e lewru feebariyee 1977, hay so tawii noon ñaawooɓe nder leydi ndii mbiyi ko ɗum huunde nde alaa ko nafata. Obasanjo hokkii ɗuuɗal teddungal dow Dental Faggudu lesɗe Afrik Hirnaange (ECOWAS) nden o mettini ɗuuɗɓe nder terɗe maako ɗemngal Farayse ɓaawo o wi'i, bana no Naajeeriya ɓuri wallugo ceede ngam hukuuma kan, Naajeeriya foti jaɓɓaago hukuumaaji pamari ɗin haa Lagos. Jokkondiral e Ganaa ɓadiiɗo kadi ustii ; e hitaande 1979, leydi Nijeer taƴii petroŋ e nder leydi ndii ngam salaade warngooji luulndiiɓe politik ɗi laamu kesu ngu Jerry Rawlings wari. E laamu Obasanjo, Naajeeriya ustii jokkondiral mum juutngal e leydi Angalteer, ɓeydi jokkondirde e leyɗeele dentuɗe Amerik. Obasanjo ina yiɗi laamu hooreejo leydi Amerik biyeteeɗo Jimmy Carter, cuɓaaɗo e hitaande 1976, sabu Carter ina joginoo darnde tiiɗnde ngam tabitinde laamu ɓurngu heewde e Afrik worgo. Ambasadeer Carter to leydi Nijeer, hono Andrew Young, waɗii sehilaagal tiiɗngal e Obasanjo, Carter yilliima leydi Nijeer e hitaande 1978. Kono tan, kuulal ngam waylude alkule ɗee waɗiraa ko ngam dalillaaji laaɓtuɗi, wonaa miijooji ; yiytude petroŋ e nder maayo worgo firti ko Angalteer wontii ƴaañoowo wonaa soodoowo petroŋ Nijeer.Laamu Obasanjo kadi ina mettini heen no feewi nde Angalteer salii yoɓde Gowon, ina sikka wonde laamu Angalteer ina waawi wonde e kuudetaa mo Murtala waɗi. Ngam ɗeeɗoo hujjaaji, e hitaande 1976 nde miijii dartinde jokkondiral dipolomaasi e Angalteer, kono haa jooni nde dartinaani. Obasanjo noon saliima yahde Angalteer, o semmbini ardiiɓe makko waɗde ɗum. Jokkondiral ngal ɓeydii bonde nde Margaret Thatcher wonti gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi Angalteer e hitaande 1979, o fuɗɗii waɗde feere ɓurnde welde e njuɓɓudi laamu ɓaleeɓe tokosɓe to Rodesi e Afrik worgo. E nder jaabawol ngol, Naajeeriya nanngi laanawol ndiyam lesdi Naajeeriya, ngol ɓe tammi ɗon nastina petrol Naajeeriya haa lesdi Naajeeriya, ɓe haɗi hukuumaaji pamari Biritaniya ngam heɓugo kuuɗe Naajeeriya, ɓe nastini kuuɗe BP haa lesdi Naajeeriya. Obasanjo ina yiɗi kadi yaawnaade joofnude laamu ɓaleeɓe tokosɓe e nder Afrik worgo ; e wiyde Iliffe, ɗum wonti « cakkital politik makko caggal leydi ». Naajeeriya hokki ballal ngam haɓugo bee laamu daneeji nder diiwal ngal, hokki hukuumaaji pamari ɗi'i uddita birooji haa Lagos, nden hokki hukuumaaji pamari ɗin ɗon hokka mooɓgal feere-feere dogguɓe laamuuji lesdi Afrika fombinaari. E ƴettude peeje tiiɗɗe ngam haɓaade laamu apartaayd to Afrik worgo, Obasanjo hollitii wonde Nijeer naatataa e Olimpiyaaji 1976 sabu leydi Nuwel Selannde, tawtoraaɗo kawgel ngel, ina joginoo jokkondiral e Afrik worgo, leydi ndi haɗaa tawtoreede kawgel ngel sabu apartaayd. E hitaande 1977, Obasanjo haɗi kala kontraaji jokkondirɗi e Afrik worgo golloraade e nder leydi Nijeer ; sosiyateeji mawɗi ɗi njippii ɗii ko petroŋ Angalteer e Banke Barclays. E ndeen hitaande kadi, leydi Nijeer yuɓɓinii batu Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe ngam haɓaade apartaayd to Lagos, Obasanjo yilliima Amerik e lewru oktoobar ɗo o wiyi leydi ndii yo woppu yeeyde kaɓirɗe to Afrik worgo. Nde o woni nder leydi ndi'i o wolwi haa kawtal hoore lesdi ndi'i nden asaweeje ɗiɗi ɓaawo man Naajeeriya heɓi jooɗorde nder kawtal lesdi ndi'i. Fiilde Margaret Thatcher e hitaande 1979 ngam wonde gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi Angalteer, addani jokkondiral Angalteer e Niiseer bonnude ; Obasanjo miijii ko o yurmeende no feewi e laamuuji daneeji tokoosi e nder Afrik worgo Luulndaade laamu ɓaleeɓe tokosɓe e nder leydi Rodesi, addaniino hare Bush e nder leydi Rodesi, laamu Obasanjo ina jokki e wiyde wonde ko hare balɗe tan woni feere ngam foolde laamu Rodesi. O hirjinii ngootaagu hakkunde pelle ceertuɗe luulndiiɗe laamu toon, o wiyi Robert Mugabe, hooreejo ZANU, yo jaɓ ardaade luulndiiɗo makko, hono Joshua Nkomo mo ZAPU. E hitaande 1977, Angalteer e Amerik ciifi eɓɓaaɗe ngam waylude laamu ɓurngu heewde e Rodesi, e nder yonta mo leydi ndii woni e les njiimaandi doole Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe. Obasanjo jaɓii eɓɓaande ndee, o yilliima Tansani, Sammbi, Mosammbik, e Republiik Demokaratik Konngo ngam wiyde laamuuji mum en yo mbaɗ noon. Kono caggal nde Thatcher wonti gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi Angalteer, leydi Nijeer woɗɗitii hoore mum e darnde Angalteer ngam haɗde wolde Bush Rhodesian, o woppitaa kala darnde teeŋtunde e nder golle ɗe Angalteer waɗi, ɗe ngaddani wooteeji demokaraasi ɗi leƴƴi keewɗi mbaɗi e hitaande... Ko o hooreejo leydi, Obasanjo tawtoraama batuuji OAU. E oon sahaa yuɓɓinaa e lewru sulyee 1977, o eɓɓi sosde goomu jooɗiiɗo ngam haɓaade luural hakkunde leyɗeele jeyaaɗe e OAU. E batu 1978, o jeertinii wonde banngeeji ɗiɗi ɗii fof ina poti naatde e wolde huuɓtodinnde. E nder batu garoowo oo, o wiyi yo konu Pan-Afriknaajo sose, baawɗo waɗde golle ngam hisnude jam e nder duunde he. Ngam ɓamtuki darnde lesdi Naajeeriya nder duuniyaaru, Obasanjo nasti nder kuuɗe feere-feere ɗe lesdi Naajeeriya nder Afrika fuu. E hitaande 1977, o heɓtinii Benin e Togo yoo ndartin luural hakkunde keeri mum en, nguddita keeri mum en. O etinooma kadi haɓaade luural hakkunde leyɗeele keewɗe Fuɗnaange Afrik, o haɗa ɗum kadi ruttaade e Dental Fuɗnaange Afrik, kono o dañii heen caɗeele. Ko o hooreejo goomu jokkondire OAU, o etinooma jokkondire Ogaden hakkunde Ecoppi e Somali kono kadi o dañaani. O waawaano kadi feewnude luural peeñngal hakkunde Angalteer e leydi Konngo. E innde OAU, Obasanjo waɗii batu to Kano ngam haɓaade hare hakkunde leyɗeele Caad. Feddeeji keewɗi njaɓii darnude wolde, sosde laamu ngootaagu ngenndi, e accude konu leydi Najeriya ina waɗa jam. Hare nden noon jokki, Naajeeriya jaabtii e taƴde petroŋ mum to Caad. Koolol ɗiɗmol ko faati e hare ndee waɗii to Lagos e lewru ut 1979, ɗum addani laamu nguu sosde laamu nguu, ngu juutaani. E hitaande sakkitiinde e laamu makko konu, o ardii golle OAU ngam safrude wolde Saharaa hirnaange. Jaltugol laamu Laamu militeer en hawri ko e goomu ƴettugol doosɗe leydi ngam ƴettude doosgal kesal potngal huutoreede e nder mbayliigu laamu siwil. Goomu nguu hollitii wonde Naajeeriya ina foti waylude laamu mum, ngu tuugii ko e laamu parlemaa leydi Angalteer, ngu tuugnii e laamu hooreejo leydi Amerik, ɗo hooreejo leydi gooto cuɓaaɗo woni hooreejo leydi e hooreejo laamu. Ngam haɗude oo hooreejo leydi wontude diktatoor, hono no waɗirnoo e nokkuuji goɗɗi e nder Afrik nii, o ɗaɓɓi ƴeewndorɗe keewɗe e doole maɓɓe, haa arti noon e njuɓɓudi fedde nde, ɗo juɓɓule cuɓaaɗe keertiiɗe ngoni ɗoo e to bannge fedde, to bannge dowri, to bannge nokkuuji. Eɓɓaande doosgal leydi ndii yaltinaa ko e lewru oktoobar 1976, nde yeewtidaa e yeeso yimɓe fof e hitaande aroore ndee.Asamblee doosgal leydi hawri ngam yeewtidde e eɓɓaande doosgal leydi ndii e lewru oktoobar 1977. Asaambele leydi ndii ina jokki e ƴeewde hol darnde nde sariya sharia rokkata e nder doosgal leydi ndii. Obasanjo noddii dental ngal, o jeertini ɓe batte kuulal ngal ɓe mbaɗi e renndo, o wiyi ɓe yo ɓe ƴettu jikkuuji ɓurɗi moƴƴude. E lewru suwee 1978, Diiso toowngo konu (Conseil suprême militaire) habri doosɗe leydi kese ɗee ; nde waɗiino waylooji keewɗi e mbaydi ndi asaambele doosgal leydi ndii ƴetti. Yanti e doosgal kesal ngal, Obasanjo itti haɗde lanndaaji politik. Ndeen pelle keewɗe mbaɗii ngam tawtoreede wooteeji garooji ɗii, ko ɓuri teeŋtude heen ko lannda ngootaagu Yoruba, lannda yimɓe Naajeeriya, e lannda ngenndiijo Naajeeriya. Obasanjo mettini heen no feewi nde tawnoo heewɓe e dawriyankooɓe ina mbaɗa fodoore nde ɓe mbaawataa ɗooftaade. Woote ɗee mbaɗi ko e nder lewru sulyee e lewru ut 1979. Wootooɓe ɓee ina pamɗi, ko hakkunde 30 e 40% e wootooɓe winnditiiɓe e sariya, tee ina waɗi fenaande banngeeji keewɗi, hay so tawii noon ko jam. Wonno ko jeewte ko fayti e hol keɓɗo woote hooreleydaagu, Obasanjo salii ñaawde, o wiyi yo Komisariyaa woote ƴetta oon darnde.Ɓe kollitii wonde Shehu Shagari woni keɓɗo, huunde nde gardiiɗo ɗiɗaɓo oo, hono Obafemi Awolowo, luulndii to Ñaawirde Toownde, tawi o dañaani heen nafoore. Shagari ƴetti laamu ko e lewru oktoobar 1979 ; e nder kewu udditgol makko, Obasanjo rokki Shagari koppi doosgal leydi kesal. Ko ɗum woni fuɗɗoode Republique ɗiɗaɓere leydi Najeriya. Darnde Obasanjo nder wartirki lesdi Naajeeriya haa laamu siwil, ɗum laatoto darnde woore nde o jogi nder duuɓi cappanɗe ɗiɗi garooji. Kono yimɓe heewɓe e nder leydi ndii e caggal leydi, ina jeyaa heen hooreejo leydi Zambie, hono Kenneth Kaunda e hooreejo leydi Togo, hono Gnassingbé Eyadéma, ina ɗaɓɓi e makko yo o heddo e laamu. Jaɓde makko wallitde Awolowo, banndiiko Yoruba, addani mo gaño ko heewi e elite Yoruba. Awolowo tuumi Obasanjo ko kanko woni orkestraaji Shagari, huunde nde Obasanjo yeddi no feewi. Ko adii laamu (1979-1999) Ko adii nde o yaltata laamu, e lewru abriil 1979, Obasanjo ƴetti hoore mum e darnde seneraal ; ko o seneraal koode nay o jokki e heɓde njoɓdi dowla. Nde o woppi golle e lewru oktoobar, o arti Abeokuta. Caggal nde o waɗi kursus jonte jeegom to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde heblo ndema, Obasanjo ƴetti hoore mum e ndema, omo ɗaminii waɗde yeru e hirjinde ƴellitaare ndema. O heɓi ko famɗi fof 230 ektaar leydi to Ota ngam sosde ngesa makko, o naati ɗoon e galle ngesa birik. Wonno ko gaññeeje nokkuyankooje e dañde leydi ndi haa heewi, ñaawirɗe keewɗe ngaddaama e makko sabu ɗuum. Golle makko ndema yuɓɓinaama e fedde makko wiyeteende Temperance, caggal ɗuum o inniri ɗum « Obasanjo’s Farms Limited ». O waɗti heen hakkille teeŋtuɗo e ndema colli ; e cakkital kitaale 1980, ngesa makko ina ɓuuɓna 140 000 cukalel e yontere. O sosi kadi gese e nder gure goɗɗe to bannge worgo-fuɗnaange, e hitaande 1987 gese makko ina njogii ko ina tolnoo e 400 gollotooɗo e nokkuuji jeetati. Hono no yimɓe Yoruba woɗɓe lolluɓe nii, Obasanjo ina wallitnoo almudɓe miskineeɓe to duɗal makko ɓooyngal to Abeokuta. Obasanjo ɓeydii ñiŋde laamu siwil Shagari, o wiyi hooreejo leydi ndii ina famɗi semmbe, ina ŋakkiraa peeje. Naajeeriya nasti nder ɓillaaji faggudu ngam waylaaki coggu petrol nder duuniyaaru. E lewru mee 1983, mawɓe konu ɗaɓɓiri Obasanjo nde ƴettata laamu leydi ndii kadi, kono o salii. E lewru desaambar, ɓe liɓi Shagari tawi Obasanjo alaa heen, e nder kuudetaa mo yiyaani fitinaaji seeɗa. Muhammadu Buhari laati hooreejo lesdi sooje'en keso. Obasanjo fuɗɗii wallugo laamu Buhari, o wi'i demokaraasi wakiili'en ɗon ƴaɓɓitoo haa lesdi Naajeeriya. O yetti Buhari ngam haɓugo bee cemmbiɗinki lesdi, o ɗon mari feccere nder nastirde lesdi, nden o ɗon wartira budget booɗɗum. E lewru ut 1985, Buhari kadi liɓaama, hooreejo konu Ibraahiima Babangida ƴetti laamu. Obasanjo ina ñiŋa won e peeje faggudu ɗe Babangida waɗi, haa arti noon e ustude njoɓdi naira. E hitaande 1992, luulndaare makko e laamu Babangida addani mo noddude yo leydi Najeriya artire demokaraasi. O fuɗɗii kadi salaade politikaaji faggudu (indigenisation) e kitaale 1970, o wiyi doosɗe leydi ina poti haɗde ƴettugol jawdi caggal leydi. E nder ɗuum, o sikki laamu nguu ina foti teeŋtinde ƴellitaare nde laamu nguu ardii. O ɓeydii hulɓinaade ko ɓeydagol yimɓe, toɓɓere nde o yejjitaani nde o woni e laamu, o wiyi Naajeeriyankooɓe yo njogo ɓesnguuji tokoosi "ngam nafoore faggudu maɓɓe e renndo-faggudu ngenndi". E nder duuɓi sappo e go’o caggal nde Obasanjo woppi laamu, o yaltinii defte nay. E hitaande 1980, Obasanjo wonnoo ko tedduɗo to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Ibadan, ɗo o winndi deftere wiyeteende My Command, daartol ko faati e geɗe makko e nder wolde hakkunde leyɗeele ; nde yalti ko e lewru noowammbar ndeen hitaande. Won e janngooɓe ñiŋii ko ɓe njiyri ko Obasanjo ina ŋakkira Murtala Muhammed, Robert Adeyinka Adebayo, mawɗo politik Yoruba, wiyi yo deftere ndee yaltine ngam haɗde nde aawde feccere. Ƴeewirde ɓurnde moƴƴude ndee waɗi ko sehil makko, hono Ken Saro-Wiwa, o innitiri ɗum masterly kono o sikki ko ɗum waɗi ballal rewindaade no feewi. E hitaande 1987, o yaltini Nzeogwu, deftere ciimtol sehil makko Chukwuma Nzeogwu, mo o gollodtonoo to Konngo. Hitaande 1989, deftere Obasanjo yaltini, wiyeteende Doosgal leydi ngam naatgol e ƴellitaare, nde o jeertini e hujjaaji Babangida ngam sosde laamu lanndaaji ɗiɗi e nder leydi Najeriya. E hitaande 1990, deftere makko tataɓere, wiyeteende Not my volonté yalti. Nde rokki ciimtol sahaa nde o laaminoo leydi ndii. Golle hakkunde leyɗeele: 1979-1993 E hitaande 1986 Obasanjo jokkondiri e Nelson Manndelaa. O hollitii wonde "ko kawral ngal meeɗaa yejjiteede. Mi yiyii e [Mandelaa] Afriknaajo worgo, ko Afriknaajo tigi rigi, kadi ko gardiiɗo winndere mo alaa ko woni e mum. O ɓuri ardiiɓe ɓe min kawri e mum en e nder Afrik worgo ɓee fof." E yiɗde jogaade semmbe e dingiral winnderewal, Obasanjo udditi Fedde Ardorde Afrik e nder ngesa mum Ota. Tuggi 1981 haa 1982, o jooɗiima kadi e Komiseer Palme, fedde nde gonnooɗo gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi Suwed, hono Olof Palme ardii, yeewtidnde ko fayti e ustude kaɓirɗe e kisal winndere. Obasanjo rewi heen ko e jeyeede e goomuuji nannduɗi e ɗii ɗoo, wonande Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe, Fedde Adunaare Cellal, e Goomu hakkunde-leyɗeewu ardiiɓe laamuuji ɓooyɗi. Nde Javier Pérez de Cuéllar, hooreejo Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe rafi, Obasanjo hiisetee ko potɗo lomtaade mo. Caggal nde Pérez de Cuéllar holliti woppii laamu, Obasanjo fuɗɗii kampaañ ngam lomtaade mo. E woote Goomu Kisal Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe, o woni tataɓo, tawi ko Boutros Boutros-Ghali, Ejiptnaajo, ƴetti darnde ndee. O yalti galle makko e njilluuji keewɗi; e hitaande 1986 o yilliima Japon, e hitaande 1987 o yilliima U.S. E nder luural hakkunde leyɗeele dentuɗe Amerik ngam yiɗde ɓurde yooɗde e Afrik worgo, nanondiraama wonde fedde wiyeteende Eminent Persons Group (EPG) ina sosee ngam fuɗɗoraade kaaldigal e laamu Afrik worgo ngam wallitde ɗum e ustude apartaayd. E dow wasiyaaji cukko hooreejo leydi Naajeeriya, hono Emeka Anyaoku, Obasanjo suɓaama ngam ardaade fedde nde e wonndude e gonnooɗo gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi Ostarali, hono Malcolm Fraser. Obasanjo jaɓi e dow fenaande. E lewru feebariyee 1986, kanko e Fraser ɓe njahi to wuro wiyeteengo Cape Town ɗo ɓe naamndii ngam hawritde e Nelson Manndelaa, daraniiɗo apartaayd, tergal mawngal e nder fedde wiyeteende Congres National Africaine (ANC) haɗaande. Ko Obasanjo tan yamiraa jokkondirde e Manndelaa ; o wiyi caggal ɗuum wonde omo weltii e makko no feewi. Ndeen Obasanjo hawrii e mawɓe ANC wonɓe e egguɓe to Lusaka. E lewru marse 1986, EPG oo fof yilliima Afrik worgo, e nder yonta mo jiiɓru e fitinaaji nder galleeji ɓeydii mawnude.Ko ɗoon ɓe kawri e mawɓe laamu nguu, ina jeyaa heen gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi ndii hono P. W. Botha, mo Obasanjo siftini caggal ɗuum wonde ko neɗɗo ɓurɗo muñde mo meeɗaa hawrude. Ciimtol EPG ngol hollitii wonde, so tawii ko ɓuri heewde e yimɓe Afrik worgo ina njiɗi nanondiral ngal alaa ko bonnata hakkunde laamu nguu e pelle luulndiiɗe apartaayd, gadano oo yiɗaa miijaade ɗum, tee alaa ko yahri yeeso no feewi ngam joofnude apartaayd. EPG noon hollitii wonde ina haani ɓeydaade tiiɗnaade e nder winndere ndee. Goomu Commonwealth jaɓii ko ciimtol ngol holliti, tawi Angalteer ina luulndii ɗum ; ɗum addani Obasanjo ɓeydaade mettinde Thatcher. Ndeen Commonwealth yamirii mo yo o ardo goomu ngam yuurnitaade ko Dowlaaji Dentuɗi ɗii poti daranaade koye mum en e njiimaandi Afrik worgo. Caggal nde Botha lomtinaa F. W. de Klerk, ooɗoo ɗiɗaɓo yaltini Manndelaa kasoo. Ina jeyaa e ɗanle Mandelaa gadane caggal leydi, to Niiseer, ɗo o yilli Obasanjo to galle mum. Lebbi ɗiɗi caggal ɗuum, Obasanjo ardii delegaasiyoŋ Najeriya to Afrik worgo ngam yeewtidde e yimɓe mawɓe politik. E lewru suwee 1991, o yilliima kadi, o wiyi hooreejo Zulu en, hono Mangosuthu Buthelezi, yo waɗ kaaldigal e pelle goɗɗe ngam wallitde dartinde apartaayd e waɗde woote timmuɗe. Obasanjo kadi golliima e ƴellitaare nokkuuji goɗɗi e nder Afrik. O yilliima Angalteer laabi ɗiɗi e nder hitaande 1988, o wallitii e darnde ngam joofnude wolde hakkunde leyɗeele toon. O yilliima kadi Sudaan laabi tati hakkunde 1987 e 1989, tawi o dañaani heen nafoore, o hirjinii kaaldigal ngam joofnude wolde ɗiɗmere Sudaan. Ndeen o wonii ƴeewoowo e wooteeji gardagol leydi Mosammbik e hitaande 1994. E hitaande 1994 e 1995, o yilliima Burundi, o golliima ngam deeƴnude caɗeele hakkunde leƴƴi Hutu en e Tutsi en. O fuɗɗinooma noddude jokkondiral ɓurngal ɓadaade e nder Afrik, o wiyi ɗum ina waawi heɓtineede e sosde feddeeji jeegom diiwaanuuji. E lewru suwee 1987, o ƴettiino peeje ngam yuɓɓinde Fedde Ardorde Afrik, nde wallitta rokkude karallaagal e heblo wonande politikaaji ummoriiɗi e duunde he kala. Nde fuɗɗii waɗde batuuji, anndiraaɗi « Dialogues de la maison de la ferme » , gila e galle Obasanjo fotde laabi jeegom e nder hitaande. Kadi nde waɗii batuuji winndereeji kala lewru, nde yaltinii jaaynde kala lewru, wiyeteende “Forum Afrique” hakkunde 1991 e 1993. Haɓde e Abacha: 1992-1995 Obasanjo hollitii kulhuli mum, sibu, hay so tawii o wiyi ina wallita gartugol demokaraasi, Babangida alaa ko anniyaaki so wonaa woppude laamu konu. Caggal nde wooteeji gardagol leydi ndi ndarnaa e hitaande 1992, Obasanjo e Anthony Enahoro ndarni fedde ngam demokaraasi e laamu moƴƴu e nder leydi Najeriya. Joɗnde adannde fedde ndee hawri ko e 31 neɗɗo politik nder leydi to Ota e lewru mee 1993. Wooteeji mbaɗi caggal ɗuum e lewru suwee 1993, tawi yimɓe seeɗa tawtoraama. Moshood Abiola mo lannda Social Democratic (SDP) heɓi, kono Babangida ndeen woppii njeñtudi woote ɗee, fodaniino woote ɗiɗmere ko ɓooyaani. SDP salii kala woote ɗiɗmere nde tawnoo ɓe mbiyi ko kanndidaa maɓɓe heɓiino woote gadane ɗee. Ndeen Babangida jaɓii woppude laamu ngam suɓaade laamu siwil jooɗiiɗo, ngu Ernest Shonekan ardii, ngu heɓi laamu e lewru ut 1993, ngu ƴetti peeje ngam waɗde wooteeji kesi e lewru feebariyee 1994. Seneraal Sani Abacha siftinii gooto e gorko gooto, mo wondude e do-gooders woɗɓe, eɓɓi ñaamde wumre ndee. Heddiiɓe ɓee mbayliima tan, oo Samariyanke nannduɗo e moƴƴo [...] arti ngam ƴettude pot suukara e juuɗe wumre ndee ngam hoore mum. Kadi, ko ɓuri heewde e men Nijeernaaɓe, ko en ƴeewooɓe, en mbeltiima. E nder kala sababuuji, ŋakkaani tawtoraaɓe e ñaamde ndee. Kadi ɓe ngoppaani batte moraal. — Obasanjo, e dow kuudetaa Sani Abacha, hitaande 1994 E oon sahaa, Sani Abacha tiiɗtinii doole mum e konu, e lewru noowammbar 1993, o felliti Shonekan yo woppu laamu, o acci hoore makko ƴettude laamu. Obasanjo noddiino Abacha ko adii kuudetaa oo, ina ñaagii ɗum nde woppataa ngalɗoo laawol. Caggal nde Abacha heɓti laamu, o wiyi Obasanjo yo jokkondir e makko. Ko sakkitii koo waɗii, kono salii wallitde laamu Abacha haa nde anndini ñalngu ngu yaltata e hoore mum. Ndeen Abacha momtii lanndaaji politik gonɗi ɗii e juɓɓule demokaraasiije, o noddi politikaaji ummoriiɗi e nokkuuji ceertuɗi yo naata e Diisnondiral makko Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe ; Obasanjo salii toɗɗaade hay gooto e ndeeɗoo diiso. Obasanjo fuɗɗi jeertinde wonde Naajeeriya ina yahra e wolde hakkunde leyɗeele woɗnde e nder feccere leƴƴi, e lewru mee 1994 kanko e Yar'Adua ɓe ndarni fedde wiyeteende National Unity Promoters, fedde daraniinde haɗde ndeeɗoo feere. E lewru Juko, Abiola anndini hoore mum hooreejo lesdi Naajeeriya, nden o nanngaama ngam janfa. Hay so tawii Obasanjo saliima jaɓde haala Abiola, o wasiyiima Abacha nde woppataa ɗum. Ndeen o ardiima fedde ardiiɓe aadaaji e batu ngu ɓe ndarni ngam fuɗɗoraade kaaldigal hakkunde Abacha e Abiola. Jaɓugo maako wallugo Abiola mettini Yoruba'en ɗuuɗɓe, jawdi Obasanjo haa lesdi Yoruba'en ɗon ƴama.Obasanjo mettini bee ko o yi'i bana jukkungo ngam o wallitaako nafuuda sectari'en Yoruba'en. E lewru marse 1995, Obasanjo ina wonnoo to leydi Danemark ngam tawtoreede batu Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe ngam ɓamtaare renndo to Kopenhag. Nde o woni ton, o nani Yar'Adua nanngaama, malla o heɓan bana non to o warti Naajeeriya. O wiyi noon o wiyi alaa ko o waɗi, o felliti hootde. Waɗi sahaa gooto to Aeroport Lagos, passport makko nanngaa, janngo mum, polis ƴetti mo e galle makko Ota. Polis tuumi Obasanjo ina jokkondiri e kuudetaa mo Abacha waɗi, mo kolonel Lawan Gwadabe yuɓɓini. Obasanjo nawtaama hakkunde nokkuuji deentorɗi ceertuɗi, tawi gonnooɗo hooreejo leydi Amerik hono Carter e hoore mum jokkondirii e Abacha ngam ɗaɓɓude yo Obasanjo woppe. Ndeen Obasanjo artiraama to Ota, o waɗtaa e kasoo fotde lebbi ɗiɗi, e nder ɗuum o haɗaama heɓde jaayɗe, telefoŋ, walla njilluuji. Goɗɗo e tuumaaɗo wonde ina jeyaa e kuudetaa oo, hono Kolonel RSB Bello-Fadile, awokaa konu, ina wondi e caɗeele, e nder ɗuum o siifondiri e bayyinaango wonde o yahiino to Ota ngam humpitaade Obasanjo ko fayti e kuudetaa oo no woniri e peewnugol. Ɗum huutoraama ngam seedeeji ngam ñaawde Obasanjo e suuɗde fenaande, ko ɗum huunde nde sariyaaji leydi Najeriya mbaɗi.Ndeen o nawaama to nokku naamne kisal leydi ndii to Ikoyi. Abacha wiyi yo Obasanjo ñaawe e yeeso ñaawirdu konu, ñaawirdu nduu waɗi ñalnde 19 suwee 1995. E nder ñaawoore ndee, Obasanjo yedditii wonde RSB Bello-Fadile meeɗaa hawrude e makko. RSB Bello-Fadile kadi hollitii wonde o siifondirii e bayyinaango ngo Obasanjo jogori waɗde e dow doole, kono ñaawirdu nduu saliima ndeeɗoo ruttaade. Ñalnde 14 sulyee, ñaawirde ndee ñaawi Obasanjo duuɓi 25 kasoo ; Yar'Adua e woɗɓe sappo e nayo kadi tuumaaɗo wonde e nder fedde nde, ñaawaama warngo.Obasanjo caggal ɗuum noddi ɗum "ñalngu mum ɓurngu mettude". Caggal nde hooreejo leydi Amerik biyeteeɗo Bill Clinton holliti wonde leydi mum ina jogori haɗde petroŋ leydi Naajeeriya so tawii ɗeen warngooji mbaɗii, Abacha wayli ñaawoore maɓɓe, o ustii ñaawoore Obasanjo haa duuɓi 15. Kasoo: 1995-1998 Obasanjo waɗi lebbi nay garooji ɗii ko e nokku biyeteeɗo Ikoyi Centre, ɗo o fuɗɗii nanngeede e nder kasoo gooto. Ndeen o nawaama to kasoo mawɗo Lagos, Kirikiri, ɗo o woni e opitaal kasoo ngam rafi hipertension e jabet. Sarɗiiji Kirikiri ina keewi, ina ŋakki, Obasanjo wiyi wonde « yiɗaa ɗum e gaño am ɓurɗo bonde ». Ko ɗoon RSB Bello-Fadile ñaagii Obasanjo yaafuya sabu mum ƴattaade ɗum, Obasanjo yaafni ɗum. Ndeen winndannde nde RSB Bello-Fadile winndi ngam humpitaade ngonka kaa, yaltinaama e kasoo, yaltinaa, wallitii hollirde wonde Obasanjo alaa ko o waɗi. Caggal jonte keewɗe, Obasanjo e woɗɓe tuumaaɓe waɗde fedde ndee, njaltinaama to kasoo Jos to diiwaan hakkundeejo, to diiwaan Plateau ɗo ɓe ngoni lebbi keewɗi. Obasanjo fuɗɗinoo hokkaama tan ko Biibal e Quraana ngam janngude, kono seeɗa-seeɗa o acci binndi ɓurɗi yaajde. Binndol kadi ina rokka mo, ina addana mo jokkondirde e yimɓe e juɓɓule ceertuɗe, haa jooni Stella ina jaɓa yillaade mo lewru kala laawol gootol. Mandelaa e Pape Jean Paul II fof noddii yo o woppe, tawi noon sosiyeteeji Inndo e Almaañ fof ina ndokki mo njeenaaje winndereeje.Forum ardorde Afrik yaltinii defte ɗiɗi ɓataakeeji e binndanɗe binndaaɗe ngam teddinde mo ; Forum oo e hoore mum dogiino ummoraade Accra to Ganaa ngam daɗde e tooñanngeeji laamu Abacha. E fuɗɗoode hitaande 1996, Obasanjo ummiima Jos, fayti e kasoo ɓurɗo woɗɗude to Yola, to diiwaan Adamawa. Ko ɗoon o jaɓaa remde gesa.[194] Obasanjo hollitii wonde e nder kasoo o ɓeydii luggiɗde e goonɗinal makko e Kerecee’en, o ɓadtii Alla,[194] o wonti Kerecee’en jibinaaɗo.[195] Gila ndeen, diine kerecee en ina joginoo darnde ɓurnde mawnude e nder yi’annde makko aduna. To Yola, o waajii 28 waaju yontere kala caggal nde jaagorɗe njilluuji ndartinaa e wakkati seeɗa. O winndi ɗeen waajuuji, o acci ɗi njaltina nde o yalti.[195] Obasanjo kadi etinooma moƴƴinde yoga e sukaaɓe kasoo, rewrude e yahrude yeeso maɓɓe nde o wonti neɗɗo dimo.[196] Obasanjo hulii wonde maa o tooke, haa teeŋti noon e nder haalaaji renndo wonde maayde Yar'adua ko tooke anniya.[197] Abacha sankii ɗoon e ɗoon e lewru suwee 1998, caggal ɗuum komanndaaji konu nguu toɗɗii Seneraal Major Abdulsalaami Abubakar lomto makko. Yontere caggal mum, Abubakar yamiri yo Obasanjo woppe, o neldi laana ndiwoowa ngam artirde mo to Ota.[197] E yiɗde wartirde leydi Naajeeriya e laamu siwil, Abubakar fusi lanndaaji e juɓɓule leydi ndi gonɗe heen ɗee, o anndini peeje ɗe ngaddanta hooreejo leydi siwil toɗɗaade e lewru mee 1999.[198] Kampaañ ngam suɓaade hooreejo leydi : 1998-1999 Jooni ko o neɗɗo dimo, Obasanjo yahiino Afrik worgo, Angalteer, e Amerik, ɗo o safraa.[199] Lanndaaji politik kesi ina mbaɗa e nder leydi Najeriya, gooto e ɓurɓe mawnude e majji ko lannda Demokaraasi Leƴƴi (PDP), fedde nde yiɗnoo ko yaajde no feewi, so tawii ko e laamu, nde haɗata kuudetaaji garooji.[199] Terɗe PDP mawɗe ndartinii Obasanjo ngam wonde kanndidaa hooreejo leydi. Ɓe cikkatnoo ko omo waawi yamirde teddungal winnderewal, kadi ko o neɗɗo militeer, omo waawi jogaade leydi ndii e dow kuudetaaji garooji e dille seertuɗe. Ɓe mbi'i kadi Naajeeriya ɗon mari haaje hooreejo lesdi fombina ngam foondugo ardungal maako arandewal haa woyla, nden Obasanjo holli hoore maako bana fombina mo walaa ƴamol dow fombina.[200] Sehilaaɓe e ɓesngu ina mbiya yo o dog, mbiyi o bonnat innde makko moƴƴere walla o wara. Obasanjo hollitii wonde o saliima, kono ñalnde 28 lewru nduu o naati e lannda PDP, yontere caggal ɗuum o hollitii wonde o woni ko e waɗde hoore makko ngam wonde kanndidaa hooreejo lannda ka.[201] E nder kampaañ makko, o teeŋtinii yiɗde makko artirde ko o sikki ko ndonu laamu moƴƴu nde o yalti e laamu e hitaande 1979.[202] E nder dingiral mooftugol kaalis, o dañii N356 miliyoŋ, heen N120 miliyoŋ ko njulaagu Aliko Dangote rokki ɗum. Ko ɓuri heewde e ɗeen dokke ummorii ko e worɓe militeer en e njuɓɓudi njulaagu kesiri.[202] O yilliima leydi ndii, o waɗii konnguɗi e ɗaɓɓude heɗtiiɓe e yimɓe teeŋtuɓe ; ƴamde guwerneeruuji dowlaaji ko huunde maantiniinde e mbaadi makko.[203] Kampaañ makko ina ɓuuɓna kampaañ makko mawɗo, hono Alex Ekwueme, mo yimɓe worgo e konu nguu ngoongɗinaani no feewi.[204] PDP ina heɓa leydi e nder leydi Najeriya, ina hollita wonde ko kañum woni lannda ɓurka waawde e nder wooteeji laamu nokkuuji ɗii e lewru Duujal 1998, e wooteeji diiwaanuuji ɗii e lewru Yarkomaa 1999, e wooteeji Senaa e suudu sarɗiiji e lewru Feebariyee 1999.[205] Ñalnde 14 feebariyee 1999, batu PDP noddaa ngam suɓaade kanndidaa mum to hooreejo leydi. Obasanjo heɓi 1 658 woote, Ekwueme heɓi 521, e kanndidaaji joy keddiiɗi ɗii 260.[206] E ɗaɓɓude neɗɗo worgo ngam wonde cukko hooreejo leydi PDP, Obasanjo suɓii Atiku Abubakar.[207] Woote hooreleydaagu mbaɗi ko ñalnde 27 feebariyee ; Ko Olu Falae mo APP tan woni luutndiiɗo Obasanjo. Fotde feccere e fotɓe suɓaade ɓee mbaɗii noon, won heen ko fenaande hay so tawii alaa ko bonnata. Taƴre laawɗunde ndee rokkii Obasanjo 63% e wooteeji ɗii ; ko kanko woni majjuɗo e nder dowlaaji jeegom ɗii fof e nder leydi makko Yoruba.[208] Hooreejo leydi (1999-2007) Manndaa gadano (1999-2003) Siile hooreejo leydi Naajeeriya Caggal nde o riiwti ɗum, Obasanjo naati e nder galle hooreejo leydi to Aso Rock e lewru mee 1999 caggal nde o hunni hooreejo leydi to Eagle Square to Abuja.[209] Nde o toɗɗii laamu maako kesu, o suɓi ministaajo ɗuuɗɗum diga woylaare lesdi Naajeeriya, koo ngam ko ɓuri ɗuuɗugo nder maɓɓe woni Kirista'en, ɗum mettini woɓɓe juulɓe woylaare lesdi Naajeeriya. Ɓeen ñiŋooɓe ina keewi sifaade wonde kabine Obasanjo ina ɓooyi no feewi, ina ŋakkiraa humpito, haa teeŋti noon so tawii ko e geɗe faggudu.[210] E nder laamu makko gadano, toɓɓe ndimaagu ɗe Naajeeriya’en keɓata ɓeydii; ndimaagu jaayndeeji ina addana hooreejo leydi ndi ñiŋde no feewi.[211] E nder lebbi gadani laamu makko, Obasanjo woppii fotde 200 ofisee militeer, tawi heen 93 fof ina njogii jappeere politik, ɗum noon ko kuudetaa mo ofiseeji keewɗi humpito mbaɗata ina famɗi.[209] O ummini kadi ministeer defansiyoŋ gila Lagos haa Abuja, ngam tabitinki ɗum waddaama les njiimaandi laamu ɓurndi laaɓtude.[209] Manndaa ɗiɗaɓo (2003-2007) Obasanjo suɓaama kadi e woote 2003 ɗe njuumtaani, tawi ina waɗi caɗeele leƴƴi e diineeji. Gaño makko mawɗo, gonnooɗo laamɗo konu Seneraal Muhammadu Buhari, ko juulɗo, o heɓi ballal makko ko ɓuri heewde ko e fuɗnaange. Obasanjo heɓi 61,8% e woote ɗe, o fooli Buhari ko ɓuri miliyoŋaaji 11 woote.[212] E lewru noowammbar 2003, Obasanjo ñiŋaama sabu kuulal mum rokkude asilo hooreejo leydi Liberiya, hono Charles Taylor.[213] Ñalnde 12 lewru juko hitaande 2006, o siifondiri nanondiral Greentree e hooreejo leydi Kameruun Paul Biya nanondiral ngal joofniri luural keeri hakkunde duunde Bakassi.[214] Hay so tawii Senaa leydi Najeriya ƴettii kuulal ngam wiyde wonde ittugol konu leydi Najeriya e nder duunde Bakassi ko huunde nde fotaani, Obasanjo rokki yamiroore nde jokkata no haanirta nii.[215] E manndaa makko ɗiɗaɓo, Obasanjo jokki e daranaade yaajnude doole polis leydi ndii, haa arti noon e 325 000 polis e hitaande 2007.[216] Fitinaaji laddeeji jokkuɗi hakkunde juulɓe e kerecee en e nder diiwaan Plateau addani Obasanjo bayyinde toon laamu nguu e lewru mee 2004, o dartini laamu diiwaan oo, o darni laamu konu lebbi jeegom.[217] Ñalnde 22 lewru nduu hitaande 2005, guwerneer diiwaan Abia e oon sahaa, hono Orji Uzor Kalu, rokki EFCC ɗaɓɓaande ngam tuumaade wonde Obasanjo waɗii golle bonɗe.[218] Ajenda manndaa tataɓo Obasanjo ina wondi e luural ko fayti e « Agenda mum tataɓo » , woni peeje ngam waylude doosgal leydi ndii mbele omo waawa jogaade manndaa tataɓo, duuɓi nay, e gardagol leydi ndii. Ɗum waɗii ƴamol nder jaayndeeji siyaasaaku nder Naajeeriya, nden boo kuugal ngal jaɓaaka nder Asamblee lesdi.[219][220] Ko ɗum waɗi Obasanjo woppi laamu caggal wooteeji gardagol leydi e lewru abriil 2007.[221] E nder yeewtere hesere nde o waɗdunoo e teleeji Channels, Obasanjo saliima jeyeede e ko wiyetee « Ajenda tataɓo ». O wi'i ɗum Asamblee lesdi Naajeeriya ɗon mari limngal limngal limngal limngal lesdi Naajeeriya. Obasanjo wiyi : "mi meeɗaa fiyde miijo manndaa tataɓo."[222] Ajenda manndaa tataɓo Obasanjo ina wondi e luural ko fayti e « Agenda mum tataɓo » , woni peeje ngam waylude doosgal leydi ndii mbele omo waawa jogaade manndaa tataɓo, duuɓi nay, e gardagol leydi ndii. Ɗum waɗii ƴamol nder jaayndeeji siyaasaaku nder Naajeeriya, nden boo kuugal ngal jaɓaaka nder Asamblee lesdi.[219][220] Ko ɗum waɗi Obasanjo woppi laamu caggal wooteeji gardagol leydi e lewru abriil 2007.[221] E nder yeewtere hesere nde o waɗdunoo e teleeji Channels, Obasanjo saliima jeyeede e ko wiyetee « Ajenda tataɓo ». O wi'i ɗum Asamblee lesdi Naajeeriya ɗon mari limngal limngal limngal limngal lesdi Naajeeriya. Obasanjo wiyi : "mi meeɗaa fiyde miijo manndaa tataɓo."[222] Obasanjo ñaawaama e juuɗe mawɓe politik e nder sagata Agenda manndaa tataɓo. Senator Ken Nnamani, hooreejo suudu joonde diidaaɗi lesdi Naajeeriya, wi'i Obasanjo anndini mo dow ajendaaji ɗin ɓaawo o laati hooreejo suudu joonde diidaaɗi lesdi Naajeeriya. O wiyi : "Ɗoon e ɗoon, ngon-mi hooreejo senaa, o haalani mi anniya makko, o haalani mi no o yiɗiri heɓde ɗum. Miin e fuɗɗoode mi ƴettataa mo no feewi haa kewuuji ɗii puɗɗii feeñde." O hollitii kadi wonde Miliyaaruuji jeetati (8) Naira njaltinaama ngam wallitde depiteeji ɗii ngam wallitde ajendaaji ɗii, o naamndii : « hol no neɗɗo waawirta haalde nii tawa o anndaa ɗum, tee kaalis, e kaalis leydi ndii e kaalis leydi ndii fof, ina wayla juuɗe ». Femi Gbajabiamila tabbitini haala Nnamani ammaa o waɗi limngal man feere-feere, o wi'i: "Kaalis man hawti bee miliyaaruuji N10. Hol no N10bn wurtinirtee nder ceede lesdi ngam eɓɓoore nde a woni hooreejo jooɗiiɗo, ammaa nden eɓɓoore laataaki miijo ma? Toy ceede man iwdi?" E nder haalaaji garooji ɗii, Nnamani wiyi wonde hooreejo leydi Amerik hono George W. Bush jeertinii Obasanjo nde woppataa peeje mum ngam tawtoreede woote gardagol leydi e manndaa tataɓo. O wiyi : "so aɗa yiɗi hoolkisaade wonde gorko oo ina haala fenaande tan, ƴettu deftere nde Condoleezza Rice, gonnooɗo jaagorgal leydi Amerik winndi. Ko goonga ko deftere nde Rice winndi. E hello 628 walla hello 638, o yeewtidii e Obasanjo, no o yiɗiri hawrude e hooreejo leydi Ameriknaajo oo, no o yiyri hooreejo leydi Ameriknaajo oo ina waawi waylude doosgal leydi ndii mbele omo waawa yahde e manndaa tataɓo, Bush wiyi mo yo o woppu ɗum, o yalta haa ñalnde 29 mee 2007."[223] Politik faggudu, renndo e caggal leydi Politik faggudu Obasanjo e wondude e laamɗo leydi Iran e hitaande 1999 E ngalu petrol, Obasanjo sosi Komitiiru Ƴellitaare Delta Niger, o huutorii Porogaraam Jaŋde leslesre winndereyankoore ngam ɓeydude jaŋde leslesre Naajeeriya. O sosi Komiseer keeriiɗo toppitiiɗo golle bonɗe e Komiseer toppitiiɗo bonanndeeji faggudu e kaalis. Wuurtinii Sosiyetee ngenndiijo njulaagu to Kaduna e (Onne) Port Harcourt. Obasanjo ɓeydi geɗal njoɓdi petroŋ e renndo to dowla iwdi mum gila e 3 haa 13 e nder teemedere.[224] Ko adii laamu Obasanjo, ɓeydagol PIB leydi Nijeer ina muusi no feewi gila 1987, tee ina jokki tan e 3% hakkunde 1999 e 2000. Kono, e laamu Obasanjo, ɓeydagol ngol ɓeydiima fotde laabi ɗiɗi haa 6% haa o woppi laamu, tawi noon ina walliti ɗum e feccere e ɓeydagol coggu petroŋ. Resooji leydi Naajeeriya ko ɓuri miliyaaruuji ɗiɗi dolaar e hitaande 1999 haa miliyaaruuji 43 dolaar nde ɓe njalti laamu e hitaande 2007.[225] O dañii yaafuya ñamaale e fedde Pari e Londres fotde 18 miliyaar dolaar, o yoɓi kadi 18 miliyaar dolaar goɗɗo ngam woppude ñamaale. Ko vuri heewde e ziin njovdiiji mooftaama e njovdi njulaagu juutndi e nder yontere nde. (Toɓɓere feewnitagol). Ko ɓuri heewde e ɗeen ñamaale mooftaama wonaa e fenaande kono ko e yontaaji 1982–85 nde Naajeeriya huutorii laamu toppitiingu mbayliigu nguu, ngu rokki denndaangal njulaagu nguu e banke mawɗo leydi Nijeer. Nde Obasanjo heɓi laamu, faggudu leydi Najeriya wonnoo ko e caɗeele. Inflation ina yahra e 30% e hitaande e nder kitaale 1990 fof, e hitaande 2001 fotde 20% e mawɓe leydi Najeriya ina ngala golle.[226] Baasal ina yaaji, laamu Obasanjo ina yiɗi ustude ɗum e yoɓde N3,500 lewru kala fotde 200,000 neɗɗo ngam waɗde golle gaadoraaɗe ko wayi no ɓuuɓnude e moƴƴinde laabi.[226] Ndeen eɓɓoore lomtinaama e Porogaraam ngenndiijo ngam haɓaade baasal, jowitiingal e ƴellitde golle sukaaɓe, e njuɓɓudi teeru, e reende.[226] E hitaande 2000, laamu Obasanjo ɓeydi njoɓdi ɓurndi famɗude ndi sariya yamiri ndii laabi ɗiɗi.[227] O noddi Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe (FMI) ngam ƴeewtaade faggudu leydi Najeriya e rokkude wasiyaaji no moƴƴiri ɗum;[228] ɓe njeertinii wonde laamu nguu ina heewi ñamlude.[227] E hitaande 2001, Obasanjo hollitii hoore mum "ko o goongɗinɗo njuɓɓudi luumo", o hollitii wonde o yiyii bonneede ko "njuɓɓudi bonndi e nder sekteer laamu" addani mo.[229] Kono, nde o holliti darnde makko e nanondiral Washington ngam luumooji rimɗi, e privatisation, e ŋakkeende ngalu laamu, ngalu laamu nguu e feccere PIB ɓeydiima gila e 29% e hitaande 1997 haa 50% e hitaande 2001.[229] E lewru Yarkomaa hitaande 2000, Naajeeriya heɓi nyamande miliyaaruuji 1 dolaar Amerik, ko ɗum addani laamu nguu naatde e kaaldigal ngam waylude ñamaale mum e ñamaale mum.[228] Laamu Obasanjo naftoriima coggu petroŋ toowngu e nder winndere ndee e manndaa mum gadano. Nde anniyii kadi ɓeydude petroŋ leydi Naajeeriya e ɓeydude keewal gaasuuji ɓuuɓɗi, ɗi puɗɗii yaltineede e leydi ndii e hitaande 1999.[230] Obasanjo fellitii momtude ballal petroŋ, ɓeyda coggu nguu haa yettoo tolno njulaagu. Kongres gollooɓe leydi Naajeeriya noddi seppo mawngo ngam seppude ngam salaade lewru Juko hitaande 2000 e Obasanjo sakkitii, o ustii ballal ngal, wonaa ittude ngal. Ngolɗoo ngonka addani Obasanjo hollirde wonde ko "gaño miskineeɓe" e miijo renndo.[231] Ngam ɓeydude ustude njoɓdi, Obasanjo wayliima e privatisation, o sosi Diiso ngenndiijo ko faati e privatisation e lewru sulyee 1999. Nde o heɓi laamu, laamu fedde nde ina joginoo 588 sosiyetee laamu, tawi ko ina tolnoo e 55% e ñamaale caggal leydi, Obasanjo ina yaakorii wonde ko heewi e ɗeen, hay so tawii noon ɗe mbaawaa wonde in2. Privatization yiɗaama e yimɓe leydi Najeriya, ko 35% tan ɓe keɓi ballal e wiyde wiɗto miijo hitaande 2000.[233] Obasanjo kadi ina yiɗi kaaldigal ngam ustude ñamaale.[234] O hollitii wonde ñamaale leydi Naajeeriya ina keewi no feewi, ina mbonna faggudu mum e demokaraasi mum. Hay so tawii Kanadaa, Itali e Amerik ndartinii ñamaale leydi Nijeer, ɗeen ñamaale ina pamɗi, ñamaale mawɗe leydi ndii, ɓurɗe mawnude heen ko Angalteer, njaɓaani.[235] Obasanjo ɗon tuuma caɗeele faggudu lesdi Naajeeriya ɗuuɗɗe dow fenaande;[236] nder hitaande 2000, fedde Transparency International limti ɗum lesdi ɓurdundi fenaande nder duniyaaru.[229] Balɗe seeɗa caggal nde o heɓi laamu o hollitii kuulal ngam haɓaade fenaande to Asaambele ngenndi, hay so tawii noon ɗum jibinii luulndaare mawnde e juuɗe ñaawooɓe cikkatnooɓe ko ɗum rokki laamu nguu doole ɓurɗe heewde. Nanondiral waɗii ngam ustude eɓɓooje Obasanjo, addani mo siynude sariya keso oo e lewru suwee 2000.[236] Alaa ko holliti wonde njulaagu ustiima e nder leydi Najeriya e nder manndaa Obasanjo gadano, laamu makko waɗaani hay huunde ngam ƴeewtaade njulaagu nguu e nder leydi Najeriya, ngu yaaji e nder laamuuji diiwaan e laamuuji nokkuuji.[229] Obasanjo ina wondi e hooreejo leydi Riisi Valadimir Putin to Kremlin e hitaande 2001 Cellal renndo kadi ko huunde tiiɗnde e nder leydi Nijeer. E nder kitaale 1990, Naajeeriya ina yoɓnoo fotde 0,2% e PIB mum ngam wallitde cellal renndo, ko ɗum woni ko ɓuri famɗude e winndere ndee. Laamu Obasanjo ɓeydi ɗum haa ko ɓuri 0,4%.[237] Caɗeele cellal ɓurɗe yaawde toɗɗaade leydi Najeriya ko ñawu VIH/SIDA, Obasanjo yamiri ɗoon e ɗoon ciimtol ngonka e dow toɓɓere ndee caggal nde o heɓi laamu.[237] Ndeen o sosi Goomu Hooreejo leydi ngam haɓaade SIDA, ngu o ardii, o sosi Goomu Pewnugol Golle Ngenndiije ngam yuɓɓinde kampaañ 2000–03, jowitiingo e bayyinaango, heblo, wasiyaaji, e jarribooji ngam haɓaade mboros o. Ngam yahduki yeeso ngam njamu jama'aare, o fuɗɗi kampaniire kesum ngam hurgugo ceede laamu lesdi Naajeeriya ngam etaade nyiɓugo suudu nyawndiigu nder kala nokkure 774 laamu lesdi Naajeeriya Politik caggal leydi Obasanjo e Donald Rumsfeld to Pentagon e hitaande 2001 Ina jeyaa e golle Obasanjo mawɗe, ɗe o heɓi heen, moƴƴitinde innde leydi Nijeer e nder winndere ndee, nde o bonni e laamu Abacha. O waɗii ko ina ɓura feccere e manndaa makko gadano caggal leydi, o yilliima leyɗeele 92 haa e lewru oktoobar 2002. E lewru oktoobar 1999, Obasanjo sosi Goomu (Commission Bi-National) hakkunde Afrik worgo e Niiseer ngam yeewtidde e gollondiral hakkunde leyɗeele ɗiɗi ɗee, ɓurɗe mawnude e Afrik worgo Saharaa. Obasanjo jokki jokkindiral Naajeeriya bee U.S., o waddi walliinde U.S. ngam wallugo janngirde sooje'en Naajeeriya. O jokkondirii no feewi e hooreejo leydi Amerik biyeteeɗo Bill Clinton, o jokkondiri kadi e lomto Clinton, hono George W. Bush ; Bush yilliima Abuja e hitaande 2003, Obasanjo yilliima Wasinton e hitaande 2006.[240] E jokkude jokkondiral ɓurngal welde e U.K. ko ɓuri ko o joginoo e kitaale 1970, o tawtoraama batu makko gadano Commonwealth e lewru Noowammbar 1999, o jaɓɓi ɗum e lewru Duujal 2003, ɗo o heɓi njeenaari teddungal e juuɗe laamɗo debbo Biritaan biyeteeɗo Elizabeth II.[240] Nde Obasanjo heɓi laamu, o huninooma ittude konu leydi Najeriya e leydi Siyeraa Leyoon. E lewru ut 1999, o hollitii limre ngam ɓe ngurtina, hay so tawii noon ɗum dartinaama nde konu jam ONU moofti, ngu Nijeer rokki ɗum 4000 soldaat. Ndee doole yalti ko e hitaande 2005.[241] E nder jiiɓru to leydi Liberia, Obasanjo yamiri konu leydi Nijeer yo naata leydi ndii e lewru ut 2003 ; ɓe njalti e komanndaaji ONU lebbi ɗiɗi caggal ɗuum.[240] Obasanjo hokki Charles Taylor, hooreejo lesdi Liberiya, mo laamu mum woppi, o hokka mo haa lesdi Naajeeriya, koo ngam ɓaawo man o warti mo haa lesdi Liberiya ngam o ɗon ƴama mo ngam warhoore konu dow ƴamol hooreejo lesdi Liberiya keso, Ellen Johnson Sirleaf.[242] E yiɗde haɗude Naajeeriya yaltude e hareeji nder leydi ɗi yimɓe njiɗaa, o salii ɗaɓɓaande konu Naajeeriya ngam tawtoreede naatgol ECOMOG e nder wolde hakkunde leyɗeele Gine-Bisaawo e golle jam 2002 to Kodduwaar. E ɗaɓɓaande Angalteer, o walli e nanondiral hakkunde laamu Zimbaabwee mo Robert Mugabe, ngam hirjinde laamu nguu e ƴettude gese ɗe ɓaleeɓe jeyi e dow fenaande. O wondi e hooreejo leydi Afrik worgo hono Thabo Mbeki e gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi Ostarali John Howard, o jeyaa ko e fedde nde Commonwealth halfinaa ngam haɓaade Zimbaabwee.[243] Obasanjo e Mbeki njilliima Zimbaabwee laabi tati ngam golloraade dipolomasi deeƴɗo, kono ɓe keɓaani heen nafoore, ɓe mbiya Mugabe yo woppu laamu walla sosde laamu renndinde laamu e luulndiiɓe Mouvement pour le changement démocratique.[239] Haɓde e jiiɓru leƴƴi e diineeji Bush ina yeewtida e Obasanjo e nder batu G8 to Farayse, lewru suwee 2003 Caggal nde Obasanjo suɓaa, nokku ɗo sariyaaji lislaam ngoni ɗoo, wonti jeewte mawɗe e nder politik leydi Najeriya. Gila leydi ndii heɓi jeytaare mum, sharia ina jokki e ñaawde siwil hakkunde juulɓe wonɓe e dowlaaji worgo ɗii ; ñaawooɓe bonanndeeji ɗii laawɗinaaka e sariyaaji sharia, huunde nde mettini won e juulɓe.[244] E lewru suwee 1999, guwerneer diiwaan Zamfara, hono Ahmed Sani, hollitii naatgol timmungol shari’a e nder oon diiwaan, hay so tawii noon o hollitii wonde ɗum jogori huutoreede tan ko e hoɗɓe e juulɓe, wonaa e yimɓe ɓe ngonaa lislaam en. Ɗuum waɗi kulhuli nder yimɓe Kirista'en pamari nder woyla lesdi Naajeeriya, bee seppooji e seppooji feere-feere ɗon ngadda fitinaaji, haa fahin haa Kaduna.[244] Across Nigeria, Christian opinion was very hostile to the introduction of sharia as the basis of state penal systems.[245] Suudu Asaambele ngenndi ndii fof ina ɗaɓɓi e Obasanjo nde nawtata haala kaa to Ñaawirde Toownde.[245] O yiɗiino woppude ɗum, o yiɗaa darnde shari’a wonta huunde doosgal.[246] E nder renndo o yiɗiino seerndude ko o inniri "sharia goonga" e "sharia politik", o yetti arano oo, o wiyi wonde ɗiɗaɓo oo ko fad mo fizzle out.[245] Nde o salii naatde heen, Obasanjo heɓi ñiŋooje sabu ŋakkeende cuusal e juuɗe yimɓe heewɓe to bannge worgo, juulɓe tiiɗɓe to bannge worgo ina ƴattoo mo.[246] E nder ɗaɓɓaande yimɓe heewɓe ummoraade e renndooji juulɓe, dowlaaji nay goɗɗi to bannge worgo ƴettii sariya kuuɓtodinɗo sharia e hitaande 2000 e jeeɗiɗi goɗɗi e hitaande 2001. Obasanjo caggal ɗuum hollitii wonde haala kaa ko caɗeele ɓurɗe mawnude ɗe o meeɗi dañde e wonde hooreejo leydi.[246] Nde Obasanjo heɓi laamu, o hulɓinii no feewi nde tawnoo leydi Najeriya ina wondi e caɗeele e fitinaaji keewɗi, tawi ko ujunnaaje ujunnaaje maayɓe. Ndee ɗoo bonannde ina ɓeydoo saɗtude sabu ɓeydagol yimɓe ina ɓeydoo yaawde, ɗum addani ɗum ɓeydagol nguleeki weeyo e pottital ngam heɓde leydi ŋakkundi e nder gure teeru.[216] Ngam haɓaade ɗum, Obasanjo ɓeydii polis leydi ndii fotde laabi ɗiɗi, gila e 120 000 haa 240 000 hakkunde 1999 e 2003.[216] Ko seeɗa waɗaa ngam haɓaade bonanndeeji polis, tawi noon torlaaji tuumaaɗo ina keddii e yaajde e laamu Obasanjo.[211] Kadi ko ɓeydi fitinaaji ɗii ko jokkere enɗam hakkunde leƴƴi, e pelle leƴƴi e diiwanuuji ceertuɗi ina ɗaɓɓi ndimaagu ɓurngu mawnude, ɗum addani yeewtooɓe heewɓe teskaade ƴaañgol leydi Naajeeriya. Wonande Obasanjo, jogaade leydi ngootiri wonti huunde mawnde.[247] Ko e sahaaji cuɓaaɗi tan o ruttotoo e konu ngam ustude jiiɓru, o ɓuri yiɗde ko waasde mooftude konu so wonaa tawa guwerneeruuji dowlaaji ɗii ina ɗaɓɓi ɗum.[248] E nder konngol makko, "en poti huutoraade doole konu tan so tawii ko heddii koo fof ronkii. Ko cfuum woni miijo am e filosof am."[249] O yi'i nafoore mawnde e yaafuya, e yaafuya, e nanondiral ngam he6de nanondiral, wonaa e 6amtaare ñaawoore warngooji bacfcfi.[250] E laamu Obasanjo, darnde fitinaaji e jiiɓru nder leydi Naajeeriya ustii.[249] Olusẹgun Obasanjo e hooreejo leydi Beresiil Lula da Silva 2005 Ko ɓuri heewde e miijooji ceertuɗi ko e diiwaan Delta Niiseer, ɗo pelle koɗdiiɗe ɗee njiɗnoo jogaade ko ɓuri heewde e ngalu keɓaaɗo e nokkuuji petroŋ keewɗi ngalu. E lewru sulyee 1999, Obasanjo neldi Asaambele ngenndi kuulal ngam sosde Komiseer ƴellitaare Delta Niiseer ngam siynude e huutoraade peeje ngam haɓaade diiwaan oo, huunde nde o sikki ina waawi ustude fitinaaji toon. E nder jeewte keewɗe, komisiyoŋ oo fuɗɗii ko e lewru Duujal 2000.[251] E lewru noowammbar 1999, o neldi kadi bataliyoŋaaji ɗiɗi konu e nder diiwaan Delta Niiseer ngam nanngude sukaaɓe Asawana, fedde Ijaw en nannguɓe e warde poliseeɓe to Odi, to diiwaan Bayelsa. Militeer en mbonni ko ɓuri heewde e wuro ngoo ; laamu ngu wi'i 43 mbaraama, ammaa ONG nokkuure nde'e waɗi limngal maayɓe siwil'en 2,483.[252] Obasanjo siftinii halkaare ndee wonde « ina waawi rewde » e « ina metti » , o yilliima Odi e lewru marse 2001 ; o salii ñaawde konu nguu, o ñaagii yaafuya ngam halkaare nde, o yoɓi njoɓdi walla o mahdi wuro ngoo, hay so tawii noon Komiseer ƴellitaare Delta Niiseer waɗii ɗum.[249] E hitaande 2000, Obasanjo haɗi fedde Oodua Peoples Congress (OPC), fedde ngenndiyankoore Yoruba en, nde wonnoo ko e fitinaaji e leƴƴi goɗɗi, o yamiri yo ardiiɓe mayre nannge.[253] E lewru suwee 2001, fitinaaji hakkunde Kerecee’en ɓiɓɓe leydi ndii e njulaagu juulɓe to bannge worgo e nder diiwaan Plateau, waɗii fotde 500 maayɗo hade konu nguu naatde heen, heɓtude laamu. Ndeen Obasanjo yilliima, wiyi yo ɓe nanondiral. E lewru Oktoobar 2001, seppooɓe juulɓe to Kano mbari fotde 200 Igbo ngam jaabaade ballal Nijeer e bommbooji Amerik mbaɗi e Afganistaan. Ndeen Obasanjo yilliima ngam ɗaɓɓude nanondiral kono hoɗɓe ɓee boomi ɗum.[246] E lewru oktoobar kadi, soldateeɓe neldaama ngam deeƴnude jiiɓru hakkunde renndooji Jukun e Tiv en e keeri hakkunde diiwanuuji Benue e Taraba ; ndeen militeer en Tiv nanngi ɓe mbari ɓe to Zaki-Biam. Obasanjo yamiri konu nguu yo naata, ɓe ndartini, ɓe mbari fotde 250 haa 300 gorko nokku oo. Obasanjo yilliima nokku oo e hitaande 2002, o ñaagii yaafuya sabu huutoraade doole no feewi.[249] n lewru Yarkomaa 2002, Obasanjo yamiri polis mobbooji ɗii yo ndartin Bakassi Boys, fedde vigilante gollotoonde ko ɓuri heewde e nder diiwanuuji Abia e Anambra, nde waɗi ko ina tolnoo e ujunnaaje ɗiɗi warngooji. O sikkiino waɗde ɗum ko adii ɗuum sabu ballal yimɓe ɓe fedde nde heɓi e haɓde e fedde bonnde, kono o nanii o waawii yahrude yeeso e maɓɓe caggal nde yimɓe maɓɓe ustii.[254] E oon lewru kadi, nokku ɗo balɗe 100 000 ngoni ɗoo, to kaɓirɗe Ijeka, saraaji Lagos, yani, ina waawi addande ɗum en fotde ujunnaaje ujunnaaje neɗɗo maayɗo. Obasanjo yilliima ɗoon e ɗoon.[249] Fitinaaji bonɗi kadi ina njokki e nder wuro Lagos, e lewru feebariyee 2002, konu neldaa e nder wuro ngo ngam artirde deeƴre. E lewru abriil 2002, Obasanjo hollitii sariya baawɗo haɗude leƴƴi so tawii ina cikka ina mbaawi wallitde fitinaaji, kono njuɓɓudi laamu leydi ndii salii ɗum, sibu ko ɗum huunde ɓurnde toowde e laamu hooreejo leydi.[253] Won e ardiiɓe laamu hono hooreejo suudu sarɗiiji e hooreejo suudu sarɗiiji ina ngondi e caɗeele e hooreejo leydi ndii, o haɓaama e jarribooji keewɗi ngam ustude laamu e nder suuduuji ɗiɗi ɗii kala.[255] Obasanjo dañii daɗde e laamu, o toɗɗaa. Caggal hooreejo leydi (2007–hannde) Politik Obasanjo e Robeer Mugaabe e hitaande 2013 O wonti hooreejo fedde PDP, omo joginoo doole e nominaasiyoŋaaji ngam heɓde jappeere laamu haa e politik e peeje. No gooto e dipolomaat en Hirnaange wiyri nii, "O anniyaaki jooɗaade e jooɗorde passenger rokka wasiyaaji e hesɗitinde nanngude taayaare so tawii Naajeeriya yaltii e laawol."[256] O woppi golle hooreejo fedde PDP e lewru abriil 2012.[257] Caggal ɗuum, o yalti e golle politik e PDP. E lewru marse 2008, Obasanjo "ina sikkaa" ko goomu parlemaa Nijeer ñaawii ɗum sabu rokkude ɗum kaayitaaji semmbe fotde miliyaaruuji 2,2 dolaar e nder laamu mum duuɓi jeetati, tawi alaa ko o waɗi so wonaa laawol. Ciimtol ngol ɗoo wiɗto meeɗaa jaɓeede e nder parlemaa leydi Najeriya fof sabu manipulaasiyoŋ e golle ɗee fof e ardorde goomu wiɗto laamu nguu. Wonaa e winndannde laawɗunde wootere, mawɗo Obasanjo ñaawaama.[258] E lewru mee 2014, Obasanjo winndi hooreejo leydi Goodluck Jonathan ngam ɗaɓɓude yo o waɗtu hakkille e innde laamu leydi Najeriya ngam yoɓde sukaaɓe rewɓe Chibok ɓe fedde Boko Haram joginoo.[259] Ñalnde 16 feebariyee 2015, o woppi lannda laamu nguu, o yamiri hooreejo diiwaan PDP yo ƴettu kaayitaaji makko e nder yeewtere jaaynde.[260] O anndiraa caggal mum ko navigateur lannda luulndo keso sosaa, hono APC.[261] Ñalnde 24 lewru Yarkomaa hitaande 2018, o winndi hooreejo leydi ndi, hono Muhammadu Buhari, o hollitii nokkuuji ɗi o ŋakkiraa, o wasiyii mo nde o woppataa laamu e hitaande 2019.[262] Haa hannde denndaangal ɓataakeeji makko feewde e hooreeɓe leydi ndii ina adii njillu maɓɓe.[263] Ñalnde 31 lewru Yarkoma hitaande 2018, o fuɗɗi diɗɗal siyaasaaku bi'eteengal "Kawtal ngam Diɗɗal Naajeeriya" (CNM) haa Abuja.[264] Ñalnde 10 lewru mbooy hitaande 2018, dillere ndee ƴetti lannda politik, hono Kongres Demokaratik Afrik (ADC).[265] Ñalnde 20 noowammbar 2018, Obasanjo hollitii e dow laabi gartugol mum[266] e lannda luulndo mawngo, hono lannda Demokaraasi Leƴƴi (PDP) e nder udditgol deftere wiyeteende My Transition Hours, nde gonnooɗo hooreejo leydi ndii, hono Goodluck Jonathan winndi. Ñalnde 22 lewru bowte hitaande 2022, Obasanjo hollitii wonde o woppii politik partiiji, caggal nde o jaɓɓi depiteeji ngenndiiji lannda Demokaraasi Leƴƴi [PDP] to hoɗorde makko to Ota, to diiwaan Ogun, to leydi Nijeer[267] Dipolomasi Obasanjo toɗɗaa ko nulaaɗo keeriiɗo to leydi Konngo, to leydi Konngo, ndi wolde yani e mum. O waɗi batuuji ceertuɗi e gardiiɗo leydi RDC Joseph Kabila e gardiiɗo luulndiiɓe laamu nguu hono Laurent Nkunda. E nder wooteeji Zimbaabwee e lewru sulyee 2013, Obasanjo ardii delegaasiyoŋ ƴeewooɓe wooteeji Dental Afrik.[268] E hitaande 2022, Obasanjo waɗii hakkunde kaaldigal jam hakkunde laamu Ecoppi e fedde wiyeteende Tigre e les njiimaandi Dental Afrik, haa arti noon e dartagol wolde Tigre ñalnde 2 noowammbar 2022.[269] E hitaande 2025, Obasanjo toɗɗaama yo won hakkundeejo e nder renndo Afrik fuɗnaange e renndo ƴellitaare Afrik worgo e nder leydi Konngo e nder kampaañ M23 (2022–hannde).[270] Jaŋde ɓeydaande E lewru desaambar 2017, Obasanjo ƴetti doktoraa mum. tesis e nder diine to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde leydi Najeriya. Miijo politik To bannge miijooji, Obasanjo ko ngenndiyanke Najeriya.[27] O ɗon mari haaje yidde lesdi Naajeeriya e nuɗɗinki dow Naajeeriya foti jogaago lesdi-leydi woore, naa ngam senndindirki dow laabi lenyol.[275] E hitaande 2001, o hollitii wonde faandaare makko juutnde ko "moƴƴinde kala sifaa ɓiyleydaagu so wonaa ɓiyleydaagu leydi Nijeer". O wi'i ɓustugo lesdi Naajeeriya dow laabi le'i, ɗum waddan laɓɓinki le'i e fitinaaji ɗi yi'aama wakkati hareeji Yugoslawi nder kitaale 1990.[275] Iliffe wi'i Obasanjo'en lesdi Naajeeriya ɗon mari bawɗe ngam o wurti diga yimɓe mawɓe Yoruba'en e wakkati maako nder konu, haa o huwi bee sooje'en diga lenyol feere-feere.[27] Demokaraasi ina waawi waasde jogaade ƴellitaare faggudu yaawnde walla ngalu kono ko ɗum, ko famɗi fof, mbaadi laamu ɓurndi moƴƴude haa jooni, ndi addanta ko ɓuri heewde e yimɓe tawtoreede no haanirta nii e nder peeje e geɗe jowitiiɗe e laamu mum en. Demokaraasi ko cuɓal ngal laamɓe ɓuri yiɗde... E nder ngonka leydi Naajeeriya, demokaraasi ko kañum tan woni koolaaɗo kuuɓal baawɗo hawrude e pelle leslese ceertuɗe e nder leñol jogiingol daɗndo ngootaagu, potal e darnde wootere e nder dumunna. — Olusegun Obasanjo ko faati e demokaraasi, hitaande 1990[276] Iliffe hollitii wonde teeŋtinde politik nanondiral ko "kuulal gonngal dow ngal" e nder nguurndam Obasanjo fof.[68] Nde o woni e laamu e kitaale 1970, Obasanjo hollitii ñiŋooje makko e "luulndaare juɓɓule" e laamu nguu.[109] E miijo makko, ɗum "ina luurdi no feewi e ko ɓuri heewde e pinal e golle politik Afrik."[161] E nder nokkuuji ɗo o luulndii laamu nguu, o miijii wonde lanndaaji luulndiiɗi ɗii ina poti waɗde heen geɗe moƴƴe,[161] e wonde politikaaji ɗii ina poti jokkude njiylawu nanondiral, wonaa waɗde luural ko juuti. O sikki wonde pottital politik ina jogii batte cemmbinɗe, ɗe nganndu-ɗaa ina teskaa e leydi ƴellitoori hono Nijeer, kadi deeƴre ina foti reeneede.[109] Obasanjo ɗon wolwa haa batu hitaande 2014, kawtal Banki Afriknaajo ngam ɓamtaare lesdi Kigali Nde o mettini e ko o yi’i ko ina wona ŋakkeende laamu demokaraasi wakilaagu e nder fuɗɗoode kitaale 1980, Obasanjo fuɗɗii hollirde ballal mum e dowla gooto e nder leydi Najeriya. O wiyi noon wonde ooɗoo dowla gooto ina foti wallitde yimɓe fof e nder laamu, teddinde jojjanɗe aadee, e reende ndimaagu haalde.[161] Caggal mum e kitaale 1980, o jeertinii eɓɓaande dowla lanndaaji ɗiɗi ɗi Babangida ƴettunoo, o miijii wonde so Babangida ina miijo lannda hakkunde-nano e hakkunde-nyaamo ina kaɓa hakkunde mum en, alaa e sago ɗum ƴellitoo haa wonta lannda gooto lomtotooɗo Kerecee’en fuɗnaange, lannda goɗɗo oo lomtotooɗo juulɓe fuɗnaange][16]. O wi'i haa nokkuure nden o wi'i walaa keerol dow limngal lanndaaji siyaasaaku ɗi mbaawata sosde, koo ngam o wi'i to ɗum waawataa waɗugo nden Naajeeriya laatoto lesdi lannda woore.[161] E nder njiimaandi Dental Sowiyet e fuɗɗoode kitaale 1990 e yah-ngartaa caggal ɗuum feewde e politik lanndaaji keewɗi e nder Afrik, Obasanjo kadi wonti balloowo lanndaaji keewɗi Jaɓɓungal e ndonu Statue Olusegun Obasanjo to Owerri, diiwaan Imo, leydi Najeriya. John Iliffe siftinii Obasanjo wonde "tergal ɓurngal teeŋtude e yonta ɗiɗaɓo ardiiɓe Afrik jeyaaɓe e leydi ndii, ɓe ndarni koye mum en ngam semmbinde dowlaaji mum en caggal koloñaal".[275] O sikki ko geɗe nay mawɗe ɗe Obasanjo waɗi e laamu mum : o jokki e jogaade heen geɗel gootel e nder leydi ndii, o jokki e jogaade doole e nder leydi ndii, o wallitorii sosde Dental Afrik, o ustii ñamaale leydi ndii caggal leydi.[248] E lewru desaambar 1999, tolno jaɓgol makko ina tolnoo e 84% ; e hitaande 2001 ko 72% ; e lewru suwee 2003 nde ustii haa 39%.[234] Obasanjo ina tuumanoo laabi keewɗi fenaande e nder nguurndam mum fof, hay so tawii noon kanko e hoore makko o wiyi wonde golle makko ko goonga.[229] Ɓeen ñiŋooɓe Obasanjo ina cikki wonde caggal nde o nanngaa e kasoo e kitaale 1990, o ɓeydii faamde wonde ko o neɗɗo masiŋ, o woppii neɗɗaagu makko, o ɓeydii kadi tiiɗnaade e goongɗinde wonde ko ɗum woni darnde makko nde Alla yamiri ngam laamaade leydi Najeriya.[299] Ɓeen ñiŋooɓe Obasanjo ina cikki wonde o bonnii laamu, haa teeŋti noon e manndaa makko ɗiɗaɓo, o wonti ko miijo jogaade laamu haa abada.[282] E nder manndaa makko gadano e nder laamu, o dañii heen gaññeeje e banndiraaɓe makko Yoruba en, ɓe cikkatnoo ko o fotnoo waɗde ko ɓuri ɗum ngam ɓamtude nafooje leñol makko e nder laamu.[300] Caggal nde o nanngaa, Obasanjo wiyi wonde ñiŋooje ina kuutoree tan ngam tabitinde « goonga e haala am » e hollirde ñiŋooje makko « bonɗe e nder aduna dogɗo e bonɗo ».[299] Defte ɗe obasanjo winndi Watch am Volume 1: Nguurndam arano e konu Watch am Volume 2: Geɗe politik e renndo Watch am Volume 3: Jooni e ndeen Yamiroore am Nzeogwu Daaba Wiyeteeɗo Neɗɗo Fajiri Keso Thabo Mbeki mo anndi Afrik E Gite Patriot Waɗde Afrik ina golla: Deftere janngirnde Waɗde nanondiral e jokkondiral Amerik e Afrik: yeewtere joyaɓere nde David M. Abshire rokki, ñalnde 15 lewru Duujal hitaande 1987 Afrik e nder Yiyngo Ɓataakeeji ngam waylude aduna: Gila e Pankhurst haa e Orwell Wonaa Yiɗde am Golle Demokaraasi : Rewindaade politik ngam nafoore Afrik Watch am Caɗeele Ardorde e nder Afrik Gaañanɗe wolde : Coodguuli ƴellitaare e nder Sudaan worgo Ardiiɓe ngam duwaawu moƴƴo Caɗeele peewnugol ndema e kisal nguura e nder Afrik Haɓde e caɗeele sukaaɓe Afrik e ŋakkeende nguura : darnde ndema Afrik e nder sosde golle Dust Suspended: Ciimtol nguurndam koloñaal, caggal leydi e nguurndam dipolomaasi 1953 haa 1986 Afrik e lewru marse: deftere ngam faggudu leydi ndii Suɓngooji Afrik teeŋtuɗi : Noddaango ngam ƴellitde laawol Pan-Afrik Njeenaaje e teddungal 1981–87, tergal, Goomu UNESCO ngam jam e nder hakkillaaji worɓe 1983–89 Tergal, Goomu keeriiɗo ngam ustude kaɓirɗe e kisal (Goomu Olaf Palme) 1983, tergal Goomu annduɓe OMS ko faati e batte kaɓirɗe nukliyeer 1986, hooreejo fedde yimɓe mawɓe Commonwealth ko faati e Afrik worgo 1986, tergal, Goomu Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe ko faati e Neɗɗo Toowɗo ko faati e jokkondiral hakkunde Ƴellitaare e Ƴellitaare 1987–93, gardiiɗo fedde winndereere ɓurnde moƴƴude, Wasinton D.C. 1988–89, Sosɗo e hooreejo, Fedde Ardorde Afrik e hooreejo, Yiilirde Ngenndiire, Fooyre Ardorde Afrik Inc. New York 1988 (mee), hooreejo, Heɗto Namibi, Fedde Adunaare Eklesiyaaji, Wasinton D.C 1988–99, Jaagorgal keeringal to Duɗal Adunawal Demal Toowngal, Ibadan 1989, tergal teddungal, Goomu toppitiingu njeenaari yimɓe Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe 1989, tergal, Fedde nde wonaa laamuyankoore ngam ƴellitaare kaalis wonande leyɗeele ƴellitiiɗe (Komisiyoŋ Schmidt) 1989 Tergal, Goomu Wagginoore, Parlemaa Golle Adunaaje 1989–99, hooreejo, Goomu Wagginooji, Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe (TI) 1990, tergal, Goomu Wagginoore, Duɗal Etikaaji Aduna Tergal, Yiilirde Ngenndiire, duɗal Afriknaajo Ameriknaajo 1991–93, Bayyinoowo, Fedde Afrik lewru kala 1991, tergal, Diiso yimɓe mawɓe, Reso kaaldigal hakkunde leyɗeele, Carter Center to Duɗal Jaaɓi-haaɗtirde Emory, Atlanta 1991, tergal, Diiso Wasiyaaji, Njeenaari Nguura Aduna, Des Moines, Iowa 1992, tergal, fedde toppitiinde ko fayti e kaalis Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe (Fondation Ford) 1993–95, tergal, Goomu Wasiyaaji Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe ko faati e Afrik 1994 – Yiylotooɗo laawɗuɗo wooteeji to Mosammbik e noddaango laamu Mosammbik 1994–99 Tergal, Goomu Wagginoore, Goomu Carnegies ngam haɗde hareeji maayɗi 1995–99, ko o gardiiɗo PNUD ngam ƴellitaare aadee Joom mum e mawɗo Promoter, Duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde karallaagal Bells, Ota.[22] Ƴeew kadi Defterdu hooreejo leydi Olusegun Obasanjo Tuugnorgal ddodpzbl38lymqh1oh0nytfpnjrjx3p 175858 175857 2026-06-23T09:13:35Z Ilya Discuss 10103 #1Lib1Ref 175858 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Mawɗo Olusegun Matthew Okikiola''' Ogunboye Aremu Obasanjo GCFR (// C; Yoruba: Olúṣẹ́gun Ọbásanjọ́ [ōlúʃɛ́ɡũ̄ ɔ̄básã̄d͡ʒɔ́] R; jibinaa ko c. ndema, e gonnooɗo seneraal konu gonnooɗo hooreejo leydi Naajeeriya gila 1976 haa 1979, caggal ɗuum o woni hooreejo leydi ndii gila 1999 haa 2007. To bannge miijo, ko o ngenndiyanke Naajeeriya, o jeyaa ko e lannda Demokaraasi Leƴƴi (PDP) gila 1998 haa 2019. Obasanjo jibinaa ko e wuro Ibogun-Olaogun, e nder galle remoowo, jeyaaɗo e leñol Owu, Obasanjo janngi ko ɓuri heewde e wuro wiyeteengo Abeokuta, to diiwaan Ogun. O naati konu leydi Naajeeriya, o janngi ko faati e inndeeji, o golliima to Konngo, Angalteer, e Inndo, o arti e darnde Major. E darorɗe kitaale 1960, o waɗii darnde mawnde e haɓaade seernaaɓe Biafra e nder wolde hakkunde leyɗeele Nijeer, o jaɓi dogde e hitaande 1970. E hitaande 1975, kuudetaa konu sosi junta e Obasanjo e nder laamu mum tati. Caggal nde hooreejo triumvirate, hono Murtala Muhammed, waraa e hitaande rewtunde ndee, Diiso toowngo konu toɗɗii Obasanjo hooreejo leydi ndii. Jokkude politik Murtala, Obasanjo ƴeewtindiima taƴgol bidsee e yaajnude jaŋde ekkolaaji ɗi ngalaa njoɓdi. Ɓesdugo hawtuki lesdi Naajeeriya bee lesdi Amerika, o teddini kadi ballal pelle luutndiiɗe laamu ɓaleeɓe pamari nder Afrika woylaare. Obasanjo ɗon mari haaje wartirgo demokaraasi, o ardi woote 1979, ɓaawo man o hokki laamu lesdi Naajeeriya haa hooreejo lesdi siwil keso, Shehu Shagari. Ndeen Obasanjo artii e golle mum to Ota, Ogun, ɗo o wonti demoowo, o yaltini defte nay, o tawtoraama eɓɓooji winndereeji ngam joofnude hareeji Afrik ceertuɗi. E hitaande 1993, Sani Abacha heɓti laamu e kuudetaa konu. Obasanjo ina ñiŋa laamu Abacha e peeñcu, e hitaande 1995 o nanngaa, o ñaawaa wonde o jeyaa ko e kuudetaa peewnaaɗo, hay so tawii o seppii wonde o alaa ella. Nde o woni e kasoo ndee, o wonti Kerecee’en jibinaaɗo, tawi ko providentialism ina tiiɗtini no feewi e yi’annde makko aduna caggal ɗuum. O woppitaama caggal maayde Abacha e hitaande 1998. Obasanjo naati e politik wooteeji, o wonti kanndidaa PDP e wooteeji hooreleydaagu 1999, ɗi o dañi. Ko o hooreejo leydi, o woppi politik militeer en, kamɓe ɗiɗo fof ɓe njaajni polis, ɓe moofti konu ngam haɓaade fitinaaji leƴƴi, diineeji, e seernaaɓe jaajɗi. O itti sooje'en lesdi Naajeeriya diga lesdi Siyeraa Leone, o hokki hukuumaaji pamari feere-feere ngam ustugo ceede lesdi ndi'i. O artiraa e woote 2003. E nder miijooji Pan-Afrik, o woniino daraniiɗo no feewi sosde Dental Afrik, o woniino hooreejo mayre tuggi 2004 haa 2006. Eɓɓooje Obasanjo ngam waylude doosɗe leydi ngam ittude keeri manndaa hooreejo leydi, ɗe njahraani no haanirta nii, ɗe ngaddani ɗum ñiŋooje. Caggal nde o woppi golle, o heɓi doktoraa makko e ganndal diine to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde National Open to leydi Najeriya. == Nguurndam gadano == Baaba Olusegun Obasanjo, Obasanjo Bankole, jeyaa ko e ardiiɓe hoɗɓe e sosɓe wuro Igbogun Olaogun e fuɗɗoode kitaale 1920. Hay so tawii ko o demoowo keewɗo jawdi, o jom jawdi en, omo hiisee wonde miskiino sabu o jeyaaka e yimɓe jannguɓe e nder leydi Yoruba. Bankole hawri e Bernice Ashabi, njulaagu tokooso to Igbogun, kamɓe ɗiɗo fof ɓe resndi. Ɓeeɗoo ɗiɗo ina njogii ɓiɓɓe ɗiɗo heddiiɓe e nder jeegom : Olusegun e Adunni Oluwola, miñiiko debbo gooto. E wiyde paaspoor makko, Olusegun Obasanjo jibinaa ko ñalnde 5 marse 1937 hay so tawii noon alaa ko winndaa e mum hannde, ñalngu nguu ko limto ɓadiiɗo. Olusegun ko jeyaaɗo e Laamu Owu. O mawni ko e Baptiste. Debbo makko caggal mum naati lislaam ngam resde gorko juulɗo.[9] E duuɓi sappo e go'o, o naati duɗal leslesal wuro ngo,[10] caggal duuɓi tati, e hitaande 1951, o naati duɗal Baptist Day to nokku Owu to Abeokuta.[11] E hitaande 1952 o arti e duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde sukaaɓe Baptist,[12] kadi e nder wuro ngo. Feccere e njoɓdi duɗal makko ko dokke laamu.[13] Obasanjo waɗii ko moƴƴi e jaŋde,[14] e nder duɗal o wonti Boy Scout keewɗo faayiida.[15] Hay so tawii alaa ko holliti wonde e oon sahaa o tawtoraama kala pelle politik,[15] ko e nder duɗal hakkundeewal Obasanjo salii innde makko adannde "Matthew" ngam wonde golle luulndiiɗe koloñaal.[16] E nder ɗuum, baaba Obasanjo woppi debbo mum e sukaaɓe mum ɗiɗo.[17] Nde o yani e baasal, yumma Obasanjo ina foti golloraade njulaagu ngam wuurde.[15] Ngam yoɓugo ceede janngirde maako, Obasanjo ɗon huuwa haa gese kakawo e kola, ɗon ligga, ɗon mooɓa leɗɗe, ɗon sooda ceene mahooɓe. E nder balɗe udditgol duɗal ngal kadi o golliima e duɗal ngal, omo taƴa huɗo e golle juuɗe goɗɗe.[18] E hitaande 1956, Obasanjo waɗi jaŋde mum hakkundeere, caggal nde o ñamli kaalis ngam yoɓde njoɓdi naatgol.[19] E oon hitaande kadi, o fuɗɗii jokkondirde e Oluremi Akinlawon, ɓiy Owu mawɗo station. Ɓe ndarniino dewgal haa hitaande 1958.[20] O yalti duɗal, o fayi Ibadan, o ƴetti golle jannginde. Ko ɗoon o jooɗii e ekzamen naatgol to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Ibadan, kono hay so o jaɓii o tawi o waawaa yoɓde njoɓdi jaŋde.[19] Ndeen Obasanjo fellitii jokkude golle mum e nder konu leydi Najeriya, ngam heɓde ngal gollal, e hitaande 1958 o jaabiima eɓɓoore ngam janngude ofiseeji cadet e nder konu leydi Najeriya.[21][22] Fuɗɗoode golle konu (1958-1966) Heblo konu: 1958-1959 E lewru marse 1958, Obasanjo naati e konu leydi Najeriya.[23] O yi’i ɗum ko fartaŋŋe jokkude jaŋde makko tawa omo heɓa njoɓdi;[24] o humpitaaki ɗoon e ɗoon ɓesngu makko, o hulii wonde jibnaaɓe makko ina njaɓa ɗum.[25] Ko e oon sahaa konu leydi Najeriya ina jokki e juuɗe laamu koloñaal leydi Najeriya, ngam heblude ndimaagu leydi Najeriya timmungu, kadi ina waɗi eɓɓooje ngam heɓde yimɓe leydi Najeriya ɓurɓe heewde e nder darnde konu mum.[25] Ndeen o neldaama to duɗal jaŋde ofiseeji jooɗɗi to Teshie to leydi Gana.[23] Nde o woni caggal leydi, o neldi ɓataakeeji e dokke to jom suudu makko to leydi Najeriya.[20] E lewru suwee 1958, o suɓaa ngam ɓeydaade heblo lebbi jeegom to duɗal Mons Officer Cadet to Aldershot, to fuɗnaange Angalteer. Obasanjo yiɗaa ɗum toon, o sikkatnoo ko ɗum juɓɓule njiyaagu e njiyaagu, o tawi ina saɗi ko jokkondiri e dumunna Engele ɓurɗo toowde e ɓuuɓde.[26] Nde semmbini miijooji makko bonɗi e laamu Biritaan e hakke mum laamaade e dow laamuuji mum koloñaal en.[24] To Mons, o heɓi komisoŋ e seedantaagal to bannge innde. Nde Obasanjo woni to leydi Angalteer, yumma mum maayi. Baaba makko ndeen maayi ko hitaande caggal ɗuum.[27] E hitaande 1959, Obasanjo arti Nijeer. Ko ɗoon o artiraa to Kaduna, o woni subaltern infanterie e bataliyoŋ joyaɓo.[27] Wakkati maako haa Kaduna woni wakkati arandejum nde Obasanjo jooɗi haa nokkure nde juulɓe ɗuuɗi.[27] Ko nde o woni toon, e lewru Oktoobar 1960, leydi Nijeer wonti leydi ndimaagu.[28][22] Kiiriis Konngo: 1960-1961 Ƴeew kadi: Kiriis Konngo Caggal ɗuum seeɗa, bataliyoŋ joyaɓo neldaa to Konngo ngam jeyeede e konu Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe ngam haɓaade jam. Ko ɗoon bataliyoŋ oo woni e nder diiwaan Kivu, tawi ko ɗoon woni Bukavu.[28] To leydi Konngo, Obasanjo e woɗɓe ina njoginoo darnde reende siwil en, haa arti noon e leñol Belsik, e soldateeɓe murtuɓe e laamu Patrice Lumumba.[28] E lewru feebariyee 1961, Obasanjo nanngaa e juuɗe murtuɓe nde o ummotoo e misiyoŋaaji katolik en e nder dingiral sara Bukavu. Mutinooɓe ɓee miijinoo ko warde mo kono ɓe njamiraama yo ɓe njaltu. E lewru mee 1961, bataliyoŋ joyaɓo ummii Konngo, arti Najeriya.[28] E nder wolde nde, o toɗɗaama kapiteen wakkati.[24] O teskiima caggal ɗuum wonde sahaa mo o woni e Konngo oo ina semmbina "fervour pan-africain" bataliyoŋ makko.[28] Gartugol e leydi Konngo: 1961-1966 Nde o arti, Obasanjo soodi oto makko gadano, o naati e opitaal ko juuti sabu rafi reedu. Nde o selli, o artiraa e Korse Innjiniyaaruuji konu. E hitaande 1962 o jooɗii to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Royal College to Angalteer. Ko ɗoon o ɓuri waawde, o siforaa ko "almuudo Commonwealth ɓurɗo waawde". Oon hitaande, o yoɓi Akinlawon ngam yahde Londres ɗo o waawi naatde e kursus heblo. Ɓeeɗoo ɗiɗo resndi ɗum ko e lewru suwee 1963 to biro binnditagol Camberwell Green, ɓe nganndini ɓesnguuji maɓɓe tan caggal nde ɓe mbaɗi hiirde ndee.E ndeen hitaande, Obasanjo yamiraama yo o hoot to leydi Nijeer, hay so tawii debbo makko ina heddii to Londres duuɓi tati goɗɗi ngam timminde jaŋde makko. Nde o naati Naajeeriya, Obasanjo hoosi ardungal konu Innjiniyaaruuji ladde, jooɗiiɗum haa Kaduna. E nder konu, Obasanjo ina jokki e yahrude yeeso e nder darɗe, o wonti mawɗo e hitaande 1965. O huutoriima ngalu makko ngam soodde leydi, e fuɗɗoode kitaale 1960 o heɓi jawdi to Ibadan, Kaduna, e Lagos. E hitaande 1965, Obasanjo neldaa leydi Inndo. E nder laawol, o yilliima debbo makko to Londres. To leydi Indiya, o janngi to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde toppitiingal ko fayti e cellal to Wellington, caggal ɗuum to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Innjiniyaaruuji to Poona. Obasanjo hulɓinii e heege nde o seedtii e nder leydi Indiya hay so tawii o ƴettii nafoore e pinal leydi ndii, huunde nde addani mo janngude defte diineeji nannditooji. Hare nder leydi Naajeeriya Winndannde mawnde: Hare nder leydi Najeriya Golle makko ko adii wolde hakkunde leyɗeele: 1966-1967 Obasanjo ummi Naajeeriya nder lewru January hitaande 1966 ngam heɓugo lesdi ndi'i nder kuudetaa konu ngu Major Emmanuel Ifeajuna ardii. Obasanjo ina jeyaa e jeertinɓe wonde ngonka kaa ina waawi jippaade e wolde nder leydi.O hollitii wonde maa o won hakkunde ƴaañooɓe kuudetaa e laamu siwil, ngu rokki laamu nguu e juuɗe hooreejo konu Johnson Aguiyi-Ironsi. Nde kuudetaa oo ronki, Olusegun hawri e Ironsi to Lagos. Ironsi ɓooyaani ko timmini fedde nde e nder leydi Najeriya rewrude e yamiroore mum kawral e lewru mee 1966, huunde nde ɓuuɓni jiiɓru leƴƴi. E darorɗe lewru sulyee, kuudetaa ɗiɗmo waɗi. To wuro Ibadan, sooja'en iwdi woyla lesdi Naajeeriya ɗon ƴama, ɓe mbari Ironsi, ɓe mbari fodde teemeɗɗe ɗiɗi sooje'en ko ɓuri ɗuuɗugo ɓe iwdi lesdi Naajeeriya. Seneraal Yaakubu Gowon heɓti laamu. Nde ooɗoo kuudetaa waɗata nde Obasanjo wonnoo ko to Maiduguri. Nande ɗum, o yaawi hootde Kaduna. Ko ɗoon o tawi konu worgo ummoriiɗo e bataliyoŋ tataɓo ina ronka, ina torloo, ina wara soldateeɓe Igbo en. Gomnaajo lesdi Naajeeriya, Hassan Katsina, annditi dow koo ngam Olusegun naa Igbo, bana no o woni mo woylaare lesdi Naajeeriya, o ɗon nder ɓilla haa sooja'en murtuɓe. Ngam reenaade ɓe, Katsina neldi Olusegun e debbo mum ngarta Maiduguri balɗe sappo, tawi fitinaaji ɗii ina ustoo. Caggal ɗuum, Obasanjo neldi debbo mum to Lagos, tawi omo hoota Kaduna kanko e hoore makko, o woni ɗoon haa lewru Yarkomaa 1967. E oon sahaa ko kanko woni ofisee Yoruba ɓurɗo mawnude tawaaɗo to bannge worgo. E lewru Yarkomaa 1967, Obasanjo toɗɗaama to Lagos ngam wonde mawɗo Injineer konu.Hare hakkunde leƴƴi Igbo e leƴƴi worgo ina jokki e ɓeydaade, e lewru mee, ofisee konu Igbo C. Odumegwu Ojukwu hollitii jeytaare nokkuuji ɓurɗi heewde Igbo e nder fuɗnaange-rewo leydi Bi. Ñalnde 3 lewru juko, laamu leydi Najeriya neldi Obasanjo to Ibadan ngam wonde hooreejo leydi Hirnaange.Hare hakkunde konu leydi Najeriya e seernaaɓe Biafran fuɗɗii ko ñalnde 6 lewru juko. Ñalnde 9 sulyee, Ojukwu neldi koloñaal konu Biafra dow pont Niiseer ngam yiɗde heɓtude Mid-West, nokku ɗo ɓe mbaawi ummoraade Lagos. Obasanjo yiɗiino uddude laabi jahduɗi e wuro ngo. Komandaajo Yoruba biyeteeɗo Victor Banjo, ardinooɗo konu njanngu Biafran, etinooma waawnude Obasanjo yoo ɓe njaltu, kono o salii. Kuugal konu lesdi: 1967-1970 "Kolonel Olu Obasanjo, gardinooɗo diɗɗal tataɓal". Jaaynde Naajeeriya keso, hello 7, 12 lewru Yarkomaa 1970. Gagga hare nder leydi Naajeeriya e Biafra. Ndeen Obasanjo toɗɗaama hooreejo caggal diɗɗal ɗiɗaɓal Murtala Muhammed, gollotoongal to Mid-Ouest. Obasanjo woni ko e jooɗaade to Ibadan, ko kañum halfinaa Division ɗiɗaɓo oo jogaade kaɓirɗe. E nder wuro ngo, Obasanjo jannginii course ganndal konu to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Ibadan, o mahi jokkondiral makko e nder elite Yoruba. E nder wolde nde, wonno ko jiiɓru mawndu e nder Dowla Hirnaange, ngam daɗde e ɗeen caɗeele, Obasanjo woppi golle mum e nder Diiso doosɗe Hirnaange.Nde Obasanjo woɗɗi Ibadan e lewru noowammbar 1968, gure jogiiɗe kaɓirɗe ɗe fedde remooɓe Agbekoya moofti, njani e galle laamorɗo Ibadan. Konuuji ɗii njaabtii, mbari sappo e fitinaaji ɗii. Nde Obasanjo arti o yamiri yo ñaawirde ƴeewto kewuuji ɗii. Yamiroore konu: 1967-1970 "Kolonel Olu Obasanjo, gardinooɗo diɗɗal tataɓal". Jaaynde Naajeeriya keso, hello 7, 12 lewru Yarkomaa 1970. Gagga hare nder leydi Naajeeriya e Biafra. Ndeen Obasanjo toɗɗaama hooreejo caggal diɗɗal ɗiɗaɓal Murtala Muhammed, gollotoongal to Mid-Ouest. Obasanjo ina jooɗii to Ibadan, ko kañum halfinaa Division ɗiɗaɓo oo jogaade kaɓirɗe. E nder wuro ngo, Obasanjo jannginii course ganndal konu to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Ibadan, o mahi jokkondiral makko e nder elite Yoruba. E nder wolde nde, wonno ko jiiɓru mawndu e nder Dowla Hirnaange, ngam daɗde e ɗeen geɗe, Obasanjo woppi golle e nder Diiso doosɗe Dowla Hirnaange. Nde Obasanjo woɗɗi Ibadan e lewru noowammbar 1968, wuro ngo ina jogii balɗe, ngo fedde remooɓe Agbekoya moofti, yani e galle laamorɗo Ibadan. Konuuji ɗii njaabtii, mbari sappo e fitinaaji ɗii. Nde Obasanjo arti o yamiri yo ñaawirde ƴeewto kewuuji ɗii. Gowon felliti lomtaade Kolonel Benjamin Adekunle, ardinooɗo njanngu Biafra, kono ina haani Yoruba mawɗo goɗɗo. O suɓii ko Obasanjo, hay so tawii noon o alaa humpito hare. Obasanjo arii Port Harcourt ngam heɓtude golle ɗee ñalnde 16 mee 1969 ; o ardii hannde hakkunde 35 000 e 40 000 soldaat. O waɗii jonte jeegom gadane ɗee ko e riiwtude njangu Biafran e Aba. O yilliima kala nokku e yeeso, o gaañiiɗo e waɗde ɗum. Ɗee golle ngaddi mo innde cuusal e nder worɓe makko E lewru desaambar, Obasanjo fuɗɗii golle Finishing Touch, yamiri konu mum yo yahru yeeso feewde Umuahia, ngu ɓe ƴetti ñalnde Natal. Ɗum taƴii Biafra e feccere. Ñalnde 7 lewru Yarkomaa 1970, o ummini ndeen « Operation Tail-Wind », o heɓti laana ndiwoowa Uli ñalnde 12 lewru Yarkomaa. E oon sahaa, ardiiɓe Biafran njaɓi yoɓde. Ñalnde 13 lewru nduu, Obasanjo jokkondiri e komandaajo konu Biafran biyeteeɗo Philip Effiong. Obasanjo wi'i sooja'en Biafran hokka balmi maɓɓe, nden boo suɓol ardiiɓe lesdi ndi'i ɗon yaha Lagos, ɓe hokka Gowon dow laawol. Janngo mum, Obasanjo haali e rajo diiwaan oo, o wiyi ɓiɓɓe leydi ndi yo njokku e galleeji mum en, o dartina kisal mum en. Biafranaaɓe heewɓe e jaayɗe goɗɗe ina kuli wonde konu leydi Najeriya ina waawi waɗde bonanndeeji keewɗi e yimɓe foolɓe ɓee, hay so tawii noon Obasanjo ina yiɗi haɗde ɗum. O yamiri konu makko e nder diiwaan hee yo heddo e nder galleeji mum en, jokkude wonde polis nokku oo ina foti ƴettude kuule ngam ƴellitde sariya e deeƴre. Division tataɓo, ɓurɗo woɗɗude, waɗii hareeji warngooji e yimɓe nokku oo. Obasanjo ina tiiɗi e waɗooɓe bonannde ndee, sibu waɗɓe warngooji ɗii mberlaama, waɗɓe warngooji ɗii mbardaa. Laamu Gowon waɗi Obasanjo kalfinaaɗo naatnude Biafra e nder leydi Najeriya, e nder oon darnde o heɓi teddungal ngam teeŋtinde mawngu. Ko o injenieer, o teeŋtinii artirde jolngo ndiyam ; haa lewru mee 1970 gure mawɗe diiwaan oo fof njokkondirii e jolngo ndiyam. Darnde Obasanjo e timminde wolde nde waɗi mo jaambaaro wolde, kadi ko o neɗɗo ganndiraaɗo e nder leydi Najeriya. Kuugal maako ɓaawo konu lesdi: 1970-1975 E lewru suwee 1970, Obasanjo arti Abeokuta, jamaanu jaɓɓii mo no jaambaaro garoowo nii. Ndeen o neldaama to Lagos, o woni Brigadier gardinooɗo Korse Innjiniyankooɓe. E lewru oktoobar, Gowon hollitii wonde laamu militeer en ina rokka laamu nguu laamu siwil e hitaande 1976. E nder ɗuum, haɗde lanndaaji politik ina heddii e doole ; Gowon yahri yeeso seeɗa e sosde laamu siwil. E les laamu sooja'en, Obasanjo jooɗi nder goomu limngal sooja'en lesdi Naajeeriya, ko laarani limngal sooja'en lesdi Naajeeriya nder duuɓi 1970. E hitaande 1974 Obasanjo yahi to leydi Angalteer ngam janngude to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Royal College to bannge diine. Nde o arti, e lewru Yarkomaa 1975 Gowon toɗɗii mo Komisariyaa Golle e Koɗki, golle ɗe o joginoo fotde lebbi jeeɗiɗi, e nder ɗuum o ɓuri waawde mahde kaɓirɗe konu. E hitaande 1970, Obasanjo soodi sosiyatee Libannaajo ɓooyɗo to Ibadan, o gollini heen awokaa ngam ƴellitde ɗum. E hitaande 1973 o winnditii fedde wiyeteende Temperance Enterprises Limited, nde o waawi waɗde heen golle njulaagu caggal nde o woppi golle konu. O jokki kadi e waɗde heen jawdi ; e hitaande 1974 o joginoo galleeji ɗiɗi to Lagos e gooto fof to Ibadan e Abeokuta. Haalaaji ummii wonde Obasanjo ina jokki e waɗde njulaagu nguu ina ɓeydoo yaajde e nder leydi Najeriya, hay so tawii noon alaa ko holliti ɗum ko laaɓti. Dewgal makko e Oluremi wonti caɗeele nde o salii jokkondiral makko e rewɓe woɗɓe. E cakkital kitaale 1970 dewgal maɓɓe fusi. E hitaande 1976 o resi Stella Abebe e nder kewu aadaaji Yoruba. E nder laamu Murtala Kuudetaa 1975 e caggal mum Binndanɗe mawɗe: Kuudetaa laamu Nijeer e hitaande 1975 e Kawtal konu Nijeer (1966–1979) E lewru sulyee 1975, kuudetaa e gardagol Shehu Muusaa Yar’Adua e Yuusuf Garba liɓi Gowon, o dogi fayti Angalteer. Ɓe kaalaani Obasanjo e peeje maɓɓe nde tawnoo omo anndiraa wonde kuudetaa ko kuutorgal waylude laamu. Kuudetaaji ɗii njiɗnoo ko lomtinde laamu otokaraasi Gowon nguu e laamu tati (triumvirate) brigadieruuji tati ɗi Diiso Toowngo Konu ina waawi haɗde kuule mum en. Ngalɗoo laamu tati, ɓe cemmbini Seneraal Murtala Muhammed yo won hooreejo leydi, Obasanjo woni ɗiɗaɓo e gardagol mum, Danjuma woni tataɓo. Daartoowo biyeteeɗo John Iliffe teskiima wonde e nder triumvirate, Obasanjo ko « puccu gollordu e ngaandi » , ko kanko ɓuri yaawde hootde e laamu siwil. E nder heen, triumvirate oo naatni peeje ustude ngalu ngam haɗde inflation, sosi Biro toppitiiɗo ko fayti e golle bonɗe, lomtini guwerneeruuji militeer en ɗii fof ofiseeji kesi, ɓe cifotoo ko Obasanjo woni hooreejo konu, ɓe puɗɗii "Operation Deadwood" mo ɓe ndartini ofiseeji civil 11,000. Mawɗo gollordu, suudu sarɗiiji: 1975–76 E lewru oktoobar 1975, laamu nguu hollitii peeje ngam waɗde woote ɗe mbaɗata ngam laamu siwil e lewru oktoobar 1979. Ngu hollitii kadi peeje ngam sosde goomu ngam ƴettude doosgal leydi kesal, tawi ko Obasanjo ɓuri waawde suɓaade terɗe goomu nguu 49. E dow wasiyaaji Komiseer Irifeke, laamu nguu hollitii kadi sosde dowlaaji jeeɗiɗi kesi ; e dow tiiɗnaare Obasanjo, Abeokuta ina foti wonde laamorgo gooto e ɗeen dowlaaji kesi, hono Ogun. Kadi dow wasiyaaji komitiiru ndun, ɓe anndini anniyaaji seeɗa-seeɗa ngam wurtinki laamorgo lesdi Naajeeriya diga Lagos haa Abuja ɓurduɗum caka. E lewru Yarkomaa 1976, Obasanjo e Danjuma fof ƴettaa e jappeere Lietnaa-Seneraal. Murtala e Obasanjo fof ina ndartini darnde ngam haɗde koloñaal Oropnaaɓe jokkude e njiimaandi ɓaleeɓe tokosɓe e nder Afrik worgo, ɗum noon ko huunde nde ɓe cuɓii e politik maɓɓe caggal leydi. Ngolɗoo sabaabu ina ɓeydoo wontude ngoƴa Obasanjo. Caggal nde Angolaa heɓti jeytaare mum e juuɗe Portigaal, wolde ɓesngu addi e leydi hee. Naajeeriya anndi laabi laamu ngu MPLA, fedde marxist en nde Dental Sowiyet walli, sabu laamu luulndiingu FNLA e UNITA ina mballita e laamu ɓaleeɓe tokosɓe to Afrik worgo. Ko jiidaa e rokkude MPLA ballal kaalis, Niiseer fuɗɗiima ƴattaade leyɗeele Afrik goɗɗe ngam kadi jaɓde njuɓɓudi MPLA, e fuɗɗoode hitaande 1976 ko ɓuri heewde e dowlaaji e nder Fedde Ngootaagu Afrik (OAU) mbaɗii ɗum. E lewru feebariyee 1976, Obasanjo ardii delegaasiyoŋ Najeriya ngam mawninde hitaande MPLA to Luanda, ɗo o wiyi : « ko ñalngu maantiniingu, ko ɗum fuɗɗoode hare sakkitiinde ngam haɓaade koloñaal, imperiyaalisma e njiyaagu e nder Afrik ». Warngo Murtala : 13 feebariyee 1976 E lewru feebariyee 1976, kolonel Buka Suka Dimka waɗi kuudetaa e laamu Nijeer, tawi ko ndeen Seneraal Murtala Muhammed waraa. Eɓɓoore kadi waɗaama e nguurndam Obasanjo, kono neɗɗo mo fotaani waraa. Dimka ŋakkiraa ballal mawngal e nder militeer en, kuudetaa makko ronki, ɗum addani mo dogde. Obasanjo tawtoraaki wirwirnde Murtala to Kano, kono o hollitii laamu nguu ina jogori yoɓde mahngo juulirde e nokku ɗo o wirnaa ɗoo. Caggal nde o waraa, Obasanjo tawtoraama batu Diiso Toowngo Konu. O hollitii yiɗde makko woppude laamu, kono Diiso ngoo heɓiino ɗaɓɓude yo o lomto Murtala e gardagol leydi ndii. Ko ɗum waɗi o wonti hooreejo diiso ngoo.E nder kulhuli makko e ɓeydagol eɓɓooji e nguurndam makko, Obasanjo naati e nder kasoo Dodan, tawi 39 neɗɗo tuumaaɗo wonde e nder kuudetaa Dimka mbaraa, ɗum jibini tuumeede wonde jaabawol Obasanjo ngol ina heewi. Ko Obasanjo woni hooreejo leydi ndi, o huniima jokkude dawrugol Murtala. Hooreejo leydi konu (1976-1979) Triumvirat konu E anndude kulhuli gonɗi e woɗɗude yimɓe woyla Naajeeriya, Obasanjo addi Seneraal Shehu Yar'Adua ngam lomtaade mo e ɗiɗaɓo e gardagol hooreejo konu, gardiiɗo jaagorɗe toowɗo timminoowo triumvirate militeer en, Obasanjo woni hooreejo leydi e Seneraal Theophilus Stajumabli ngam laamaade dow tato we- laamu konu. Obasanjo hirjinii jeewte e nanondiral hakkunde Diiso Toowngo Konu. Heewɓe ina kaawaa hol ko waɗi Obasanjo – hono Yoruba e Kerecee – toɗɗaade Yar’Adua, tergal e aristokraasi worgo, yo won gardiiɗo ɗiɗaɓo mum, wonaa banndiiko Yoruba Kerecee. Obasanjo teeŋtinii kulhuli ngenndiiji e dow ɗi diiwanuuji ɗii ; o hirjini sukaaɓe e mawɓe fof nde njanngata fodoore ngenndiire hesere ndee e jimɗi ngenndiiji ɗii. Nafoore heɓde miijooji ɓurɗi yaajde, ñalnde aset kala omo waɗa seminar mo alaa ko woni e mum so wonaa toɓɓere nde yimɓe ɓe ngonaa politikaaji e gollotooɓe laamu noddata. Ina jeyaa e ɓe o ɗaɓɓirta wasiyaaji mum en, annduɓe lislaam e mawɓe aadaaji. Politik faggudu Obasanjo wondude e hooreejo leydi Amerik biyeteeɗo Jimmy Carter to galle laamorɗo Amerik e hitaande 1977 E cakkital kitaale 1970, leydi Naajeeriya ina joginoo faggudu ɓurndu heewde doole, tawi noon ko 34% e inflation. Ngam haɓugo bee caɗeele faggudu lesdi Naajeeriya, Obasanjo tokki dabareeji cemmbiɗinki ceede ngam ustugo ceede laamu. E nder bidsee makko 1976, Obasanjo eɓɓi ustude njoɓdi laamu nguu fotde feccere, ustude eɓɓaaɗe tedduɗe, tawa ina ɓeyda njoɓdi jaŋde, cellal, galleeji, e ndema. O sosi kadi goomu ngam haɓaade inflation, e nder hitaande wootere caggal nde Obasanjo heɓi laamu, inflation ustii haa 30%. Obasanjo ina heewi yiɗde ñamlude kaalis, kono e ballal Banke Adunayankeewo e Fonds Monétaire International, Nijeer ƴetti ñamlude miliyaaruuji 1 dolaar e fedde bankeeji. Ɓeen ñiŋooɓe leftist en mbiyi wonde waɗde ɗum ina addana leydi ndii ɗooftaade kapitaalisma. E nder duuɓi ɗiɗi garooji ɗii, laamu Obasanjo, Nijeer ƴettii 4 983 miliyoŋ dolaar goɗɗo. Naajeeriya ina wondi e ɓeydagol fotde 3% hitaande kala e nder kitaale 1970, huunde nde fotnoo ɓeydaade fotde laabi ɗiɗi e nder duuɓi 25 seeɗa. Obasanjo teskiima caggal ɗuum wonde o anndaa ɗum e oon sahaa, sibu laamu makko alaa politik e ƴellitde yimɓe. Ɓeydagol yimɓe leydi Naajeeriya addani ɓe ɓeydaade yaawde e nder gure mawɗe e ŋakkeende cuuɗi e nder gure. Ngam haɓaade ɗum, bidsee Obasanjo e hitaande 1976 hollitii peeje mahngo 200 000 galle keso haa hitaande 1980, hay so tawii noon ko 28 500 tan mahaa.E hitaande 1976, laamu Obasanjo kadi hollitii wonde ina jogori ƴellitde renndo e cogguuli. Ngam haɓaade jiiɓru seppooji gollotooɓe, e hitaande 1976 laamu Obasanjo yaltinii sariyaaji cifotooɗi ko ɓuri heewde e gollorɗe mawɗe ko sarwisaaji baɗɗi faayiida, haɗi seppooji e nder mum en, yamiri nanngugol ardiiɓe senndikaaji jiiɓru. E hitaande 1978 nde hawriti senndikaaji 42 e nder fedde wootere nde gollotooɓe e leydi Nijeer. Obasanjo jokki bee taskaramji tati mawɗi ngam ndiyam haa woyla lesdi Naajeeriya ɗi arannde anndinaama les Murtala: taskaramji maayo Kano, taskaramji Bakalori, e taskaramji ndiyam Chad Sud. Laamu makko kadi jokki eɓɓooji ƴellitaare ndema puɗɗanooɗi to Funtua, Gusau, e Gombe. Won eɓɓaaɗe ƴellitgol laddeeji kadi puɗɗaama ngam haɗde njiimaandi Saharaa to bannge worgo. Ngam heɓde ko ɓuri heewde e ɗaɓɓaande leydi ndii e kuuraa, Obasanjo ardiima udditgol eɓɓaaɗe ɗiɗi kese ngam ƴellitde kuuraa e nder ndiyam e ƴulɓe. Industry petrol heddii ko huunde mawnde e faggudu leydi Naajeeriya e les laamu Obasanjo, ministeer petrol hawtii e fedde petroŋ leydi Naajeeriya ngam sosde fedde petroŋ leydi Naajeeriya (NNPC). Obasanjo kadi wallitii sosde lowre liggorde to Bonny, nde NNPC yoɓi 62% ; eɓɓaande ndee ko lomto makko woppi ɗum e nder ɓeydagol coodguuli. Obasanjo jokki kadi e peewnugol njuɓɓudi njamndi mboɗeeri Ajaokuta, eɓɓaande ndonaandi nde heewɓe e ñiŋooɓe e nder sarwisaaji laamu mbiyata ko nde waawataa huutoreede. E nder cakkital kitaale 1970, Naajeeriya kadi ina wondi e ustaare ndema, ko ɗum huunde nde laamuuji jokkondirɗi ɗii njiyti ko ɓuri hoybude e naatde e nguura e nder leydi ndii. E lewru mee 1976, Obasanjo fuɗɗii « Operation Feed the Nation » (Operation Feed the Nation), woni eɓɓaande ngam wuurtinde ndema tokoosa, tawi ina jeyaa heen yoɓeede almudɓe ngam remde e nder balɗe juulde. Eɓɓaande ndee ina waɗi kadi momtugol njoɓɗeele e nguura jawdi e kaɓirɗe ndema, e ballal kuutoragol tovo ngo, e ustude njoɓɗeele ndema. E lewru marse 1978, Obasanjo yaltini kuulal kuutoragol leydi ndi rokki laamu nguu hakkeeji jeyi leydi e dow leydi ndii kala. Ɗum waɗiraa ko ngam haɗde njulaagu leydi e njulaagu leydi, kadi addani ɗum yetteede e bannge nano leydi Najeriya hay so tawii noon ko galleeji keewɗi jogiiɗi leydi njiɗaa ɗum. Obasanjo yiyri ɗum ko e geɗe teeŋtuɗe laamu mum. Obasanjo wallitorii reentaade Gowon ngam waɗde heen jawdi mum caggal leydi, o jokki e ɗeen politikaaji. Politik faggudu ngenndiyankaagal e nder sekteeruuji teeŋtuɗi ina usta njulaagu keeriiɗo, ɗum addani ɗum ustude njulaagu, hay so tawii noon daraniiɓe ɗum ɓee ina njetta Obasanjo ngam dartinde diisnondiral kaalis so renndinaama e ardiiɓe mum. Politikuuji nder leydi O (Obasanjo) jokki e ƴamol jaŋde leslesre winndereyankoore e nder leydi Najeriya, politik ronkaama e Gowon. O naatini sariya jaŋde leslesre e hitaande 1976 ; hakkunde 1975–76 e 1979–80, binnditagol e duɗe leslese ɗe njoɓaaka kono ɗe njiɗaa, ɓeydiima gila e miliyoŋaaji 6 haa 12,5 miliyoŋ, hay so tawii noon jannginooɓe e kaɓirɗe ina ŋakki ngam waawde huutoraade ɗaɓɓaande ndee. E hitaande jaŋde 1977–78, Obasanjo naatni jaŋde hakkundeere nde alaa ko yoɓetee e fannuuji karallaagal, huunde nde yaajnaa e denndaangal jaŋde hakkundeere e hitaande 1979–80. E oon sahaa gooto, leydi Naajeeriya ustii kaalis jaŋde toownde ; e hitaande 1978 nde woppi rokkude ñamaale almudɓe, nde ɓeydi fotde laabi tati njoɓdi nguura e hoɗorde duɗe jaaɓi haaɗtirde. Seppooji janngooɓe mbaɗi e nder gure keewɗe, waɗii warngooji baɗnooɗi e nder wuro Lagos e Zaria. E nder jaabawol fitinaaji ɗii, Obasanjo udditi duɗe jaaɓi-haaɗtirde keewɗe, haɗi golle politik e nder duɗe jaaɓi-haaɗtirde, haɗi kadi fedde janngooɓe leydi Najeriya. Tiiɗnaare ɗeen peeje ina gasa tawa ko sabu tuumeede wonde fitinaaji almudɓe ɗii ina njokkondiri e kuudetaa militeer peewnaaɗo e lewru feebariyee 1978. Obasanjo ina mettini e jikkuuji almudɓe seppooɓe ɓee, o wiyi wonde ɗum ina hollita ruttaade e nafooje aadaaji ko wayi no hormaade almudɓe. Ngam batte ɓamtaare laamu Naajeeriya, leydi ndi yi’i ɓamtaare mawnde nder kuuɗe laamu. Seedeeji peeñii ko feewti e fenaande mawnde e nder laamu leydi ndii, tee, so tawii tuume ɗee ina keewi waɗeede e Obasanjo e hoore mum, alaa seedeeji tiiɗɗi peeñi. Ngam haɗde natal njulaagu e nder laamu, laamu Obasanjo haɗii huutoraade otooji Mercedes ngam waɗde otooji laamu, e lomtaade ɗum en, ɓe mbaɗti heen otooji Peugeot 504 ɓurɗi hoybude Naatgol champagne kadi haɗaama. E ƴaañde taƴgol konu, laamu Obasanjo yiyri 12 000 soldaat ina ndartinaa e nder duuɓi 1976 e 1977. Ɗee konu njalti ko e nokkuuji kesi ngam wallitde ɗum en e jokkondirde e nguurndam siwil en. Obasanjo kadi ina tuuma wonde ko kañum woni sabaabu ƴaañgol politik. E nder yeewtere wootere maantiniinde, koɗorɗe jimoowo e daraniiɗo politik Najeriya biyeteeɗo Fela Kuti, Republique Kalakuta, yani, yani haa laaɓi, caggal nde tergal e fedde makko hawri e yimɓe konu. Fela e ɓesngu mum piyi, njuppaa, yumma mum mawɗo, daraniiɗo politik e yumma mum sosɗo Chief Funmilayo Ransome Kuti, werlaa e windo. Ɗum addani mo gaañiiɓe no feewi, haa arti noon e maayde makko. Fela caggal ɗuum nawti kees to galle hooreejo leydi ndii e oon sahaa to Dodan Barracks to Lagos ngam salaade ƴaañde laamu nguu e politik. Politik caggal leydi Hooreejo leydi Amerik biyeteeɗo Jimmy Carter ina wondi e Obasanjo e njillu mum to leydi Najeriya e hitaande 1978 Obasanjo ina yiɗi tabitinde leydi Najeriya no ardorde mawnde e nder Afrik nii, e nder laamu makko, doole mum e nder duunde nde ɓeydiima. O ummini dabare Gowon ngam waɗugo julde ɗiɗaɓre nder duuniyaaru ngam naalankaaku e pinal ɓaleeɓe e afriknaajo haa lesdi Naajeeriya; ɗum waɗi ko to Lagos e lewru feebariyee 1977, hay so tawii noon ñaawooɓe nder leydi ndii mbiyi ko ɗum huunde nde alaa ko nafata. Obasanjo hokkii ɗuuɗal teddungal dow Dental Faggudu lesɗe Afrik Hirnaange (ECOWAS) nden o mettini ɗuuɗɓe nder terɗe maako ɗemngal Farayse ɓaawo o wi'i, bana no Naajeeriya ɓuri wallugo ceede ngam hukuuma kan, Naajeeriya foti jaɓɓaago hukuumaaji pamari ɗin haa Lagos. Jokkondiral e Ganaa ɓadiiɗo kadi ustii ; e hitaande 1979, leydi Nijeer taƴii petroŋ e nder leydi ndii ngam salaade warngooji luulndiiɓe politik ɗi laamu kesu ngu Jerry Rawlings wari. E laamu Obasanjo, Naajeeriya ustii jokkondiral mum juutngal e leydi Angalteer, ɓeydi jokkondirde e leyɗeele dentuɗe Amerik. Obasanjo ina yiɗi laamu hooreejo leydi Amerik biyeteeɗo Jimmy Carter, cuɓaaɗo e hitaande 1976, sabu Carter ina joginoo darnde tiiɗnde ngam tabitinde laamu ɓurngu heewde e Afrik worgo. Ambasadeer Carter to leydi Nijeer, hono Andrew Young, waɗii sehilaagal tiiɗngal e Obasanjo, Carter yilliima leydi Nijeer e hitaande 1978. Kono tan, kuulal ngam waylude alkule ɗee waɗiraa ko ngam dalillaaji laaɓtuɗi, wonaa miijooji ; yiytude petroŋ e nder maayo worgo firti ko Angalteer wontii ƴaañoowo wonaa soodoowo petroŋ Nijeer.Laamu Obasanjo kadi ina mettini heen no feewi nde Angalteer salii yoɓde Gowon, ina sikka wonde laamu Angalteer ina waawi wonde e kuudetaa mo Murtala waɗi. Ngam ɗeeɗoo hujjaaji, e hitaande 1976 nde miijii dartinde jokkondiral dipolomaasi e Angalteer, kono haa jooni nde dartinaani. Obasanjo noon saliima yahde Angalteer, o semmbini ardiiɓe makko waɗde ɗum. Jokkondiral ngal ɓeydii bonde nde Margaret Thatcher wonti gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi Angalteer e hitaande 1979, o fuɗɗii waɗde feere ɓurnde welde e njuɓɓudi laamu ɓaleeɓe tokosɓe to Rodesi e Afrik worgo. E nder jaabawol ngol, Naajeeriya nanngi laanawol ndiyam lesdi Naajeeriya, ngol ɓe tammi ɗon nastina petrol Naajeeriya haa lesdi Naajeeriya, ɓe haɗi hukuumaaji pamari Biritaniya ngam heɓugo kuuɗe Naajeeriya, ɓe nastini kuuɗe BP haa lesdi Naajeeriya. Obasanjo ina yiɗi kadi yaawnaade joofnude laamu ɓaleeɓe tokosɓe e nder Afrik worgo ; e wiyde Iliffe, ɗum wonti « cakkital politik makko caggal leydi ». Naajeeriya hokki ballal ngam haɓugo bee laamu daneeji nder diiwal ngal, hokki hukuumaaji pamari ɗi'i uddita birooji haa Lagos, nden hokki hukuumaaji pamari ɗin ɗon hokka mooɓgal feere-feere dogguɓe laamuuji lesdi Afrika fombinaari. E ƴettude peeje tiiɗɗe ngam haɓaade laamu apartaayd to Afrik worgo, Obasanjo hollitii wonde Nijeer naatataa e Olimpiyaaji 1976 sabu leydi Nuwel Selannde, tawtoraaɗo kawgel ngel, ina joginoo jokkondiral e Afrik worgo, leydi ndi haɗaa tawtoreede kawgel ngel sabu apartaayd. E hitaande 1977, Obasanjo haɗi kala kontraaji jokkondirɗi e Afrik worgo golloraade e nder leydi Nijeer ; sosiyateeji mawɗi ɗi njippii ɗii ko petroŋ Angalteer e Banke Barclays. E ndeen hitaande kadi, leydi Nijeer yuɓɓinii batu Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe ngam haɓaade apartaayd to Lagos, Obasanjo yilliima Amerik e lewru oktoobar ɗo o wiyi leydi ndii yo woppu yeeyde kaɓirɗe to Afrik worgo. Nde o woni nder leydi ndi'i o wolwi haa kawtal hoore lesdi ndi'i nden asaweeje ɗiɗi ɓaawo man Naajeeriya heɓi jooɗorde nder kawtal lesdi ndi'i. Fiilde Margaret Thatcher e hitaande 1979 ngam wonde gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi Angalteer, addani jokkondiral Angalteer e Niiseer bonnude ; Obasanjo miijii ko o yurmeende no feewi e laamuuji daneeji tokoosi e nder Afrik worgo Luulndaade laamu ɓaleeɓe tokosɓe e nder leydi Rodesi, addaniino hare Bush e nder leydi Rodesi, laamu Obasanjo ina jokki e wiyde wonde ko hare balɗe tan woni feere ngam foolde laamu Rodesi. O hirjinii ngootaagu hakkunde pelle ceertuɗe luulndiiɗe laamu toon, o wiyi Robert Mugabe, hooreejo ZANU, yo jaɓ ardaade luulndiiɗo makko, hono Joshua Nkomo mo ZAPU. E hitaande 1977, Angalteer e Amerik ciifi eɓɓaaɗe ngam waylude laamu ɓurngu heewde e Rodesi, e nder yonta mo leydi ndii woni e les njiimaandi doole Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe. Obasanjo jaɓii eɓɓaande ndee, o yilliima Tansani, Sammbi, Mosammbik, e Republiik Demokaratik Konngo ngam wiyde laamuuji mum en yo mbaɗ noon. Kono caggal nde Thatcher wonti gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi Angalteer, leydi Nijeer woɗɗitii hoore mum e darnde Angalteer ngam haɗde wolde Bush Rhodesian, o woppitaa kala darnde teeŋtunde e nder golle ɗe Angalteer waɗi, ɗe ngaddani wooteeji demokaraasi ɗi leƴƴi keewɗi mbaɗi e hitaande... Ko o hooreejo leydi, Obasanjo tawtoraama batuuji OAU. E oon sahaa yuɓɓinaa e lewru sulyee 1977, o eɓɓi sosde goomu jooɗiiɗo ngam haɓaade luural hakkunde leyɗeele jeyaaɗe e OAU. E batu 1978, o jeertinii wonde banngeeji ɗiɗi ɗii fof ina poti naatde e wolde huuɓtodinnde. E nder batu garoowo oo, o wiyi yo konu Pan-Afriknaajo sose, baawɗo waɗde golle ngam hisnude jam e nder duunde he. Ngam ɓamtuki darnde lesdi Naajeeriya nder duuniyaaru, Obasanjo nasti nder kuuɗe feere-feere ɗe lesdi Naajeeriya nder Afrika fuu. E hitaande 1977, o heɓtinii Benin e Togo yoo ndartin luural hakkunde keeri mum en, nguddita keeri mum en. O etinooma kadi haɓaade luural hakkunde leyɗeele keewɗe Fuɗnaange Afrik, o haɗa ɗum kadi ruttaade e Dental Fuɗnaange Afrik, kono o dañii heen caɗeele. Ko o hooreejo goomu jokkondire OAU, o etinooma jokkondire Ogaden hakkunde Ecoppi e Somali kono kadi o dañaani. O waawaano kadi feewnude luural peeñngal hakkunde Angalteer e leydi Konngo. E innde OAU, Obasanjo waɗii batu to Kano ngam haɓaade hare hakkunde leyɗeele Caad. Feddeeji keewɗi njaɓii darnude wolde, sosde laamu ngootaagu ngenndi, e accude konu leydi Najeriya ina waɗa jam. Hare nden noon jokki, Naajeeriya jaabtii e taƴde petroŋ mum to Caad. Koolol ɗiɗmol ko faati e hare ndee waɗii to Lagos e lewru ut 1979, ɗum addani laamu nguu sosde laamu nguu, ngu juutaani. E hitaande sakkitiinde e laamu makko konu, o ardii golle OAU ngam safrude wolde Saharaa hirnaange. Jaltugol laamu Laamu militeer en hawri ko e goomu ƴettugol doosɗe leydi ngam ƴettude doosgal kesal potngal huutoreede e nder mbayliigu laamu siwil. Goomu nguu hollitii wonde Naajeeriya ina foti waylude laamu mum, ngu tuugii ko e laamu parlemaa leydi Angalteer, ngu tuugnii e laamu hooreejo leydi Amerik, ɗo hooreejo leydi gooto cuɓaaɗo woni hooreejo leydi e hooreejo laamu. Ngam haɗude oo hooreejo leydi wontude diktatoor, hono no waɗirnoo e nokkuuji goɗɗi e nder Afrik nii, o ɗaɓɓi ƴeewndorɗe keewɗe e doole maɓɓe, haa arti noon e njuɓɓudi fedde nde, ɗo juɓɓule cuɓaaɗe keertiiɗe ngoni ɗoo e to bannge fedde, to bannge dowri, to bannge nokkuuji. Eɓɓaande doosgal leydi ndii yaltinaa ko e lewru oktoobar 1976, nde yeewtidaa e yeeso yimɓe fof e hitaande aroore ndee.Asamblee doosgal leydi hawri ngam yeewtidde e eɓɓaande doosgal leydi ndii e lewru oktoobar 1977. Asaambele leydi ndii ina jokki e ƴeewde hol darnde nde sariya sharia rokkata e nder doosgal leydi ndii. Obasanjo noddii dental ngal, o jeertini ɓe batte kuulal ngal ɓe mbaɗi e renndo, o wiyi ɓe yo ɓe ƴettu jikkuuji ɓurɗi moƴƴude. E lewru suwee 1978, Diiso toowngo konu (Conseil suprême militaire) habri doosɗe leydi kese ɗee ; nde waɗiino waylooji keewɗi e mbaydi ndi asaambele doosgal leydi ndii ƴetti. Yanti e doosgal kesal ngal, Obasanjo itti haɗde lanndaaji politik. Ndeen pelle keewɗe mbaɗii ngam tawtoreede wooteeji garooji ɗii, ko ɓuri teeŋtude heen ko lannda ngootaagu Yoruba, lannda yimɓe Naajeeriya, e lannda ngenndiijo Naajeeriya. Obasanjo mettini heen no feewi nde tawnoo heewɓe e dawriyankooɓe ina mbaɗa fodoore nde ɓe mbaawataa ɗooftaade. Woote ɗee mbaɗi ko e nder lewru sulyee e lewru ut 1979. Wootooɓe ɓee ina pamɗi, ko hakkunde 30 e 40% e wootooɓe winnditiiɓe e sariya, tee ina waɗi fenaande banngeeji keewɗi, hay so tawii noon ko jam. Wonno ko jeewte ko fayti e hol keɓɗo woote hooreleydaagu, Obasanjo salii ñaawde, o wiyi yo Komisariyaa woote ƴetta oon darnde.Ɓe kollitii wonde Shehu Shagari woni keɓɗo, huunde nde gardiiɗo ɗiɗaɓo oo, hono Obafemi Awolowo, luulndii to Ñaawirde Toownde, tawi o dañaani heen nafoore. Shagari ƴetti laamu ko e lewru oktoobar 1979 ; e nder kewu udditgol makko, Obasanjo rokki Shagari koppi doosgal leydi kesal. Ko ɗum woni fuɗɗoode Republique ɗiɗaɓere leydi Najeriya. Darnde Obasanjo nder wartirki lesdi Naajeeriya haa laamu siwil, ɗum laatoto darnde woore nde o jogi nder duuɓi cappanɗe ɗiɗi garooji. Kono yimɓe heewɓe e nder leydi ndii e caggal leydi, ina jeyaa heen hooreejo leydi Zambie, hono Kenneth Kaunda e hooreejo leydi Togo, hono Gnassingbé Eyadéma, ina ɗaɓɓi e makko yo o heddo e laamu. Jaɓde makko wallitde Awolowo, banndiiko Yoruba, addani mo gaño ko heewi e elite Yoruba. Awolowo tuumi Obasanjo ko kanko woni orkestraaji Shagari, huunde nde Obasanjo yeddi no feewi. Ko adii laamu (1979-1999) Ko adii nde o yaltata laamu, e lewru abriil 1979, Obasanjo ƴetti hoore mum e darnde seneraal ; ko o seneraal koode nay o jokki e heɓde njoɓdi dowla. Nde o woppi golle e lewru oktoobar, o arti Abeokuta. Caggal nde o waɗi kursus jonte jeegom to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde heblo ndema, Obasanjo ƴetti hoore mum e ndema, omo ɗaminii waɗde yeru e hirjinde ƴellitaare ndema. O heɓi ko famɗi fof 230 ektaar leydi to Ota ngam sosde ngesa makko, o naati ɗoon e galle ngesa birik. Wonno ko gaññeeje nokkuyankooje e dañde leydi ndi haa heewi, ñaawirɗe keewɗe ngaddaama e makko sabu ɗuum. Golle makko ndema yuɓɓinaama e fedde makko wiyeteende Temperance, caggal ɗuum o inniri ɗum « Obasanjo’s Farms Limited ». O waɗti heen hakkille teeŋtuɗo e ndema colli ; e cakkital kitaale 1980, ngesa makko ina ɓuuɓna 140 000 cukalel e yontere. O sosi kadi gese e nder gure goɗɗe to bannge worgo-fuɗnaange, e hitaande 1987 gese makko ina njogii ko ina tolnoo e 400 gollotooɗo e nokkuuji jeetati. Hono no yimɓe Yoruba woɗɓe lolluɓe nii, Obasanjo ina wallitnoo almudɓe miskineeɓe to duɗal makko ɓooyngal to Abeokuta. Obasanjo ɓeydii ñiŋde laamu siwil Shagari, o wiyi hooreejo leydi ndii ina famɗi semmbe, ina ŋakkiraa peeje. Naajeeriya nasti nder ɓillaaji faggudu ngam waylaaki coggu petrol nder duuniyaaru. E lewru mee 1983, mawɓe konu ɗaɓɓiri Obasanjo nde ƴettata laamu leydi ndii kadi, kono o salii. E lewru desaambar, ɓe liɓi Shagari tawi Obasanjo alaa heen, e nder kuudetaa mo yiyaani fitinaaji seeɗa. Muhammadu Buhari laati hooreejo lesdi sooje'en keso. Obasanjo fuɗɗii wallugo laamu Buhari, o wi'i demokaraasi wakiili'en ɗon ƴaɓɓitoo haa lesdi Naajeeriya. O yetti Buhari ngam haɓugo bee cemmbiɗinki lesdi, o ɗon mari feccere nder nastirde lesdi, nden o ɗon wartira budget booɗɗum. E lewru ut 1985, Buhari kadi liɓaama, hooreejo konu Ibraahiima Babangida ƴetti laamu. Obasanjo ina ñiŋa won e peeje faggudu ɗe Babangida waɗi, haa arti noon e ustude njoɓdi naira. E hitaande 1992, luulndaare makko e laamu Babangida addani mo noddude yo leydi Najeriya artire demokaraasi. O fuɗɗii kadi salaade politikaaji faggudu (indigenisation) e kitaale 1970, o wiyi doosɗe leydi ina poti haɗde ƴettugol jawdi caggal leydi. E nder ɗuum, o sikki laamu nguu ina foti teeŋtinde ƴellitaare nde laamu nguu ardii. O ɓeydii hulɓinaade ko ɓeydagol yimɓe, toɓɓere nde o yejjitaani nde o woni e laamu, o wiyi Naajeeriyankooɓe yo njogo ɓesnguuji tokoosi "ngam nafoore faggudu maɓɓe e renndo-faggudu ngenndi". E nder duuɓi sappo e go’o caggal nde Obasanjo woppi laamu, o yaltinii defte nay. E hitaande 1980, Obasanjo wonnoo ko tedduɗo to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Ibadan, ɗo o winndi deftere wiyeteende My Command, daartol ko faati e geɗe makko e nder wolde hakkunde leyɗeele ; nde yalti ko e lewru noowammbar ndeen hitaande. Won e janngooɓe ñiŋii ko ɓe njiyri ko Obasanjo ina ŋakkira Murtala Muhammed, Robert Adeyinka Adebayo, mawɗo politik Yoruba, wiyi yo deftere ndee yaltine ngam haɗde nde aawde feccere. Ƴeewirde ɓurnde moƴƴude ndee waɗi ko sehil makko, hono Ken Saro-Wiwa, o innitiri ɗum masterly kono o sikki ko ɗum waɗi ballal rewindaade no feewi. E hitaande 1987, o yaltini Nzeogwu, deftere ciimtol sehil makko Chukwuma Nzeogwu, mo o gollodtonoo to Konngo. Hitaande 1989, deftere Obasanjo yaltini, wiyeteende Doosgal leydi ngam naatgol e ƴellitaare, nde o jeertini e hujjaaji Babangida ngam sosde laamu lanndaaji ɗiɗi e nder leydi Najeriya. E hitaande 1990, deftere makko tataɓere, wiyeteende Not my volonté yalti. Nde rokki ciimtol sahaa nde o laaminoo leydi ndii. Golle hakkunde leyɗeele: 1979-1993 E hitaande 1986 Obasanjo jokkondiri e Nelson Manndelaa. O hollitii wonde "ko kawral ngal meeɗaa yejjiteede. Mi yiyii e [Mandelaa] Afriknaajo worgo, ko Afriknaajo tigi rigi, kadi ko gardiiɗo winndere mo alaa ko woni e mum. O ɓuri ardiiɓe ɓe min kawri e mum en e nder Afrik worgo ɓee fof." E yiɗde jogaade semmbe e dingiral winnderewal, Obasanjo udditi Fedde Ardorde Afrik e nder ngesa mum Ota. Tuggi 1981 haa 1982, o jooɗiima kadi e Komiseer Palme, fedde nde gonnooɗo gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi Suwed, hono Olof Palme ardii, yeewtidnde ko fayti e ustude kaɓirɗe e kisal winndere. Obasanjo rewi heen ko e jeyeede e goomuuji nannduɗi e ɗii ɗoo, wonande Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe, Fedde Adunaare Cellal, e Goomu hakkunde-leyɗeewu ardiiɓe laamuuji ɓooyɗi. Nde Javier Pérez de Cuéllar, hooreejo Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe rafi, Obasanjo hiisetee ko potɗo lomtaade mo. Caggal nde Pérez de Cuéllar holliti woppii laamu, Obasanjo fuɗɗii kampaañ ngam lomtaade mo. E woote Goomu Kisal Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe, o woni tataɓo, tawi ko Boutros Boutros-Ghali, Ejiptnaajo, ƴetti darnde ndee. O yalti galle makko e njilluuji keewɗi; e hitaande 1986 o yilliima Japon, e hitaande 1987 o yilliima U.S. E nder luural hakkunde leyɗeele dentuɗe Amerik ngam yiɗde ɓurde yooɗde e Afrik worgo, nanondiraama wonde fedde wiyeteende Eminent Persons Group (EPG) ina sosee ngam fuɗɗoraade kaaldigal e laamu Afrik worgo ngam wallitde ɗum e ustude apartaayd. E dow wasiyaaji cukko hooreejo leydi Naajeeriya, hono Emeka Anyaoku, Obasanjo suɓaama ngam ardaade fedde nde e wonndude e gonnooɗo gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi Ostarali, hono Malcolm Fraser. Obasanjo jaɓi e dow fenaande. E lewru feebariyee 1986, kanko e Fraser ɓe njahi to wuro wiyeteengo Cape Town ɗo ɓe naamndii ngam hawritde e Nelson Manndelaa, daraniiɗo apartaayd, tergal mawngal e nder fedde wiyeteende Congres National Africaine (ANC) haɗaande. Ko Obasanjo tan yamiraa jokkondirde e Manndelaa ; o wiyi caggal ɗuum wonde omo weltii e makko no feewi. Ndeen Obasanjo hawrii e mawɓe ANC wonɓe e egguɓe to Lusaka. E lewru marse 1986, EPG oo fof yilliima Afrik worgo, e nder yonta mo jiiɓru e fitinaaji nder galleeji ɓeydii mawnude.Ko ɗoon ɓe kawri e mawɓe laamu nguu, ina jeyaa heen gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi ndii hono P. W. Botha, mo Obasanjo siftini caggal ɗuum wonde ko neɗɗo ɓurɗo muñde mo meeɗaa hawrude. Ciimtol EPG ngol hollitii wonde, so tawii ko ɓuri heewde e yimɓe Afrik worgo ina njiɗi nanondiral ngal alaa ko bonnata hakkunde laamu nguu e pelle luulndiiɗe apartaayd, gadano oo yiɗaa miijaade ɗum, tee alaa ko yahri yeeso no feewi ngam joofnude apartaayd. EPG noon hollitii wonde ina haani ɓeydaade tiiɗnaade e nder winndere ndee. Goomu Commonwealth jaɓii ko ciimtol ngol holliti, tawi Angalteer ina luulndii ɗum ; ɗum addani Obasanjo ɓeydaade mettinde Thatcher. Ndeen Commonwealth yamirii mo yo o ardo goomu ngam yuurnitaade ko Dowlaaji Dentuɗi ɗii poti daranaade koye mum en e njiimaandi Afrik worgo. Caggal nde Botha lomtinaa F. W. de Klerk, ooɗoo ɗiɗaɓo yaltini Manndelaa kasoo. Ina jeyaa e ɗanle Mandelaa gadane caggal leydi, to Niiseer, ɗo o yilli Obasanjo to galle mum. Lebbi ɗiɗi caggal ɗuum, Obasanjo ardii delegaasiyoŋ Najeriya to Afrik worgo ngam yeewtidde e yimɓe mawɓe politik. E lewru suwee 1991, o yilliima kadi, o wiyi hooreejo Zulu en, hono Mangosuthu Buthelezi, yo waɗ kaaldigal e pelle goɗɗe ngam wallitde dartinde apartaayd e waɗde woote timmuɗe. Obasanjo kadi golliima e ƴellitaare nokkuuji goɗɗi e nder Afrik. O yilliima Angalteer laabi ɗiɗi e nder hitaande 1988, o wallitii e darnde ngam joofnude wolde hakkunde leyɗeele toon. O yilliima kadi Sudaan laabi tati hakkunde 1987 e 1989, tawi o dañaani heen nafoore, o hirjinii kaaldigal ngam joofnude wolde ɗiɗmere Sudaan. Ndeen o wonii ƴeewoowo e wooteeji gardagol leydi Mosammbik e hitaande 1994. E hitaande 1994 e 1995, o yilliima Burundi, o golliima ngam deeƴnude caɗeele hakkunde leƴƴi Hutu en e Tutsi en. O fuɗɗinooma noddude jokkondiral ɓurngal ɓadaade e nder Afrik, o wiyi ɗum ina waawi heɓtineede e sosde feddeeji jeegom diiwaanuuji. E lewru suwee 1987, o ƴettiino peeje ngam yuɓɓinde Fedde Ardorde Afrik, nde wallitta rokkude karallaagal e heblo wonande politikaaji ummoriiɗi e duunde he kala. Nde fuɗɗii waɗde batuuji, anndiraaɗi « Dialogues de la maison de la ferme » , gila e galle Obasanjo fotde laabi jeegom e nder hitaande. Kadi nde waɗii batuuji winndereeji kala lewru, nde yaltinii jaaynde kala lewru, wiyeteende “Forum Afrique” hakkunde 1991 e 1993. Haɓde e Abacha: 1992-1995 Obasanjo hollitii kulhuli mum, sibu, hay so tawii o wiyi ina wallita gartugol demokaraasi, Babangida alaa ko anniyaaki so wonaa woppude laamu konu. Caggal nde wooteeji gardagol leydi ndi ndarnaa e hitaande 1992, Obasanjo e Anthony Enahoro ndarni fedde ngam demokaraasi e laamu moƴƴu e nder leydi Najeriya. Joɗnde adannde fedde ndee hawri ko e 31 neɗɗo politik nder leydi to Ota e lewru mee 1993. Wooteeji mbaɗi caggal ɗuum e lewru suwee 1993, tawi yimɓe seeɗa tawtoraama. Moshood Abiola mo lannda Social Democratic (SDP) heɓi, kono Babangida ndeen woppii njeñtudi woote ɗee, fodaniino woote ɗiɗmere ko ɓooyaani. SDP salii kala woote ɗiɗmere nde tawnoo ɓe mbiyi ko kanndidaa maɓɓe heɓiino woote gadane ɗee. Ndeen Babangida jaɓii woppude laamu ngam suɓaade laamu siwil jooɗiiɗo, ngu Ernest Shonekan ardii, ngu heɓi laamu e lewru ut 1993, ngu ƴetti peeje ngam waɗde wooteeji kesi e lewru feebariyee 1994. Seneraal Sani Abacha siftinii gooto e gorko gooto, mo wondude e do-gooders woɗɓe, eɓɓi ñaamde wumre ndee. Heddiiɓe ɓee mbayliima tan, oo Samariyanke nannduɗo e moƴƴo [...] arti ngam ƴettude pot suukara e juuɗe wumre ndee ngam hoore mum. Kadi, ko ɓuri heewde e men Nijeernaaɓe, ko en ƴeewooɓe, en mbeltiima. E nder kala sababuuji, ŋakkaani tawtoraaɓe e ñaamde ndee. Kadi ɓe ngoppaani batte moraal. — Obasanjo, e dow kuudetaa Sani Abacha, hitaande 1994 E oon sahaa, Sani Abacha tiiɗtinii doole mum e konu, e lewru noowammbar 1993, o felliti Shonekan yo woppu laamu, o acci hoore makko ƴettude laamu. Obasanjo noddiino Abacha ko adii kuudetaa oo, ina ñaagii ɗum nde woppataa ngalɗoo laawol. Caggal nde Abacha heɓti laamu, o wiyi Obasanjo yo jokkondir e makko. Ko sakkitii koo waɗii, kono salii wallitde laamu Abacha haa nde anndini ñalngu ngu yaltata e hoore mum. Ndeen Abacha momtii lanndaaji politik gonɗi ɗii e juɓɓule demokaraasiije, o noddi politikaaji ummoriiɗi e nokkuuji ceertuɗi yo naata e Diisnondiral makko Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe ; Obasanjo salii toɗɗaade hay gooto e ndeeɗoo diiso. Obasanjo fuɗɗi jeertinde wonde Naajeeriya ina yahra e wolde hakkunde leyɗeele woɗnde e nder feccere leƴƴi, e lewru mee 1994 kanko e Yar'Adua ɓe ndarni fedde wiyeteende National Unity Promoters, fedde daraniinde haɗde ndeeɗoo feere. E lewru Juko, Abiola anndini hoore mum hooreejo lesdi Naajeeriya, nden o nanngaama ngam janfa. Hay so tawii Obasanjo saliima jaɓde haala Abiola, o wasiyiima Abacha nde woppataa ɗum. Ndeen o ardiima fedde ardiiɓe aadaaji e batu ngu ɓe ndarni ngam fuɗɗoraade kaaldigal hakkunde Abacha e Abiola. Jaɓugo maako wallugo Abiola mettini Yoruba'en ɗuuɗɓe, jawdi Obasanjo haa lesdi Yoruba'en ɗon ƴama.Obasanjo mettini bee ko o yi'i bana jukkungo ngam o wallitaako nafuuda sectari'en Yoruba'en. E lewru marse 1995, Obasanjo ina wonnoo to leydi Danemark ngam tawtoreede batu Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe ngam ɓamtaare renndo to Kopenhag. Nde o woni ton, o nani Yar'Adua nanngaama, malla o heɓan bana non to o warti Naajeeriya. O wiyi noon o wiyi alaa ko o waɗi, o felliti hootde. Waɗi sahaa gooto to Aeroport Lagos, passport makko nanngaa, janngo mum, polis ƴetti mo e galle makko Ota. Polis tuumi Obasanjo ina jokkondiri e kuudetaa mo Abacha waɗi, mo kolonel Lawan Gwadabe yuɓɓini. Obasanjo nawtaama hakkunde nokkuuji deentorɗi ceertuɗi, tawi gonnooɗo hooreejo leydi Amerik hono Carter e hoore mum jokkondirii e Abacha ngam ɗaɓɓude yo Obasanjo woppe. Ndeen Obasanjo artiraama to Ota, o waɗtaa e kasoo fotde lebbi ɗiɗi, e nder ɗuum o haɗaama heɓde jaayɗe, telefoŋ, walla njilluuji. Goɗɗo e tuumaaɗo wonde ina jeyaa e kuudetaa oo, hono Kolonel RSB Bello-Fadile, awokaa konu, ina wondi e caɗeele, e nder ɗuum o siifondiri e bayyinaango wonde o yahiino to Ota ngam humpitaade Obasanjo ko fayti e kuudetaa oo no woniri e peewnugol. Ɗum huutoraama ngam seedeeji ngam ñaawde Obasanjo e suuɗde fenaande, ko ɗum huunde nde sariyaaji leydi Najeriya mbaɗi.Ndeen o nawaama to nokku naamne kisal leydi ndii to Ikoyi. Abacha wiyi yo Obasanjo ñaawe e yeeso ñaawirdu konu, ñaawirdu nduu waɗi ñalnde 19 suwee 1995. E nder ñaawoore ndee, Obasanjo yedditii wonde RSB Bello-Fadile meeɗaa hawrude e makko. RSB Bello-Fadile kadi hollitii wonde o siifondirii e bayyinaango ngo Obasanjo jogori waɗde e dow doole, kono ñaawirdu nduu saliima ndeeɗoo ruttaade. Ñalnde 14 sulyee, ñaawirde ndee ñaawi Obasanjo duuɓi 25 kasoo ; Yar'Adua e woɗɓe sappo e nayo kadi tuumaaɗo wonde e nder fedde nde, ñaawaama warngo.Obasanjo caggal ɗuum noddi ɗum "ñalngu mum ɓurngu mettude". Caggal nde hooreejo leydi Amerik biyeteeɗo Bill Clinton holliti wonde leydi mum ina jogori haɗde petroŋ leydi Naajeeriya so tawii ɗeen warngooji mbaɗii, Abacha wayli ñaawoore maɓɓe, o ustii ñaawoore Obasanjo haa duuɓi 15. Kasoo: 1995-1998 Obasanjo waɗi lebbi nay garooji ɗii ko e nokku biyeteeɗo Ikoyi Centre, ɗo o fuɗɗii nanngeede e nder kasoo gooto. Ndeen o nawaama to kasoo mawɗo Lagos, Kirikiri, ɗo o woni e opitaal kasoo ngam rafi hipertension e jabet. Sarɗiiji Kirikiri ina keewi, ina ŋakki, Obasanjo wiyi wonde « yiɗaa ɗum e gaño am ɓurɗo bonde ». Ko ɗoon RSB Bello-Fadile ñaagii Obasanjo yaafuya sabu mum ƴattaade ɗum, Obasanjo yaafni ɗum. Ndeen winndannde nde RSB Bello-Fadile winndi ngam humpitaade ngonka kaa, yaltinaama e kasoo, yaltinaa, wallitii hollirde wonde Obasanjo alaa ko o waɗi. Caggal jonte keewɗe, Obasanjo e woɗɓe tuumaaɓe waɗde fedde ndee, njaltinaama to kasoo Jos to diiwaan hakkundeejo, to diiwaan Plateau ɗo ɓe ngoni lebbi keewɗi. Obasanjo fuɗɗinoo hokkaama tan ko Biibal e Quraana ngam janngude, kono seeɗa-seeɗa o acci binndi ɓurɗi yaajde. Binndol kadi ina rokka mo, ina addana mo jokkondirde e yimɓe e juɓɓule ceertuɗe, haa jooni Stella ina jaɓa yillaade mo lewru kala laawol gootol. Mandelaa e Pape Jean Paul II fof noddii yo o woppe, tawi noon sosiyeteeji Inndo e Almaañ fof ina ndokki mo njeenaaje winndereeje.Forum ardorde Afrik yaltinii defte ɗiɗi ɓataakeeji e binndanɗe binndaaɗe ngam teddinde mo ; Forum oo e hoore mum dogiino ummoraade Accra to Ganaa ngam daɗde e tooñanngeeji laamu Abacha. E fuɗɗoode hitaande 1996, Obasanjo ummiima Jos, fayti e kasoo ɓurɗo woɗɗude to Yola, to diiwaan Adamawa. Ko ɗoon o jaɓaa remde gesa.[194] Obasanjo hollitii wonde e nder kasoo o ɓeydii luggiɗde e goonɗinal makko e Kerecee’en, o ɓadtii Alla,[194] o wonti Kerecee’en jibinaaɗo.[195] Gila ndeen, diine kerecee en ina joginoo darnde ɓurnde mawnude e nder yi’annde makko aduna. To Yola, o waajii 28 waaju yontere kala caggal nde jaagorɗe njilluuji ndartinaa e wakkati seeɗa. O winndi ɗeen waajuuji, o acci ɗi njaltina nde o yalti.[195] Obasanjo kadi etinooma moƴƴinde yoga e sukaaɓe kasoo, rewrude e yahrude yeeso maɓɓe nde o wonti neɗɗo dimo.[196] Obasanjo hulii wonde maa o tooke, haa teeŋti noon e nder haalaaji renndo wonde maayde Yar'adua ko tooke anniya.[197] Abacha sankii ɗoon e ɗoon e lewru suwee 1998, caggal ɗuum komanndaaji konu nguu toɗɗii Seneraal Major Abdulsalaami Abubakar lomto makko. Yontere caggal mum, Abubakar yamiri yo Obasanjo woppe, o neldi laana ndiwoowa ngam artirde mo to Ota.[197] E yiɗde wartirde leydi Naajeeriya e laamu siwil, Abubakar fusi lanndaaji e juɓɓule leydi ndi gonɗe heen ɗee, o anndini peeje ɗe ngaddanta hooreejo leydi siwil toɗɗaade e lewru mee 1999.[198] Kampaañ ngam suɓaade hooreejo leydi : 1998-1999 Jooni ko o neɗɗo dimo, Obasanjo yahiino Afrik worgo, Angalteer, e Amerik, ɗo o safraa.[199] Lanndaaji politik kesi ina mbaɗa e nder leydi Najeriya, gooto e ɓurɓe mawnude e majji ko lannda Demokaraasi Leƴƴi (PDP), fedde nde yiɗnoo ko yaajde no feewi, so tawii ko e laamu, nde haɗata kuudetaaji garooji.[199] Terɗe PDP mawɗe ndartinii Obasanjo ngam wonde kanndidaa hooreejo leydi. Ɓe cikkatnoo ko omo waawi yamirde teddungal winnderewal, kadi ko o neɗɗo militeer, omo waawi jogaade leydi ndii e dow kuudetaaji garooji e dille seertuɗe. Ɓe mbi'i kadi Naajeeriya ɗon mari haaje hooreejo lesdi fombina ngam foondugo ardungal maako arandewal haa woyla, nden Obasanjo holli hoore maako bana fombina mo walaa ƴamol dow fombina.[200] Sehilaaɓe e ɓesngu ina mbiya yo o dog, mbiyi o bonnat innde makko moƴƴere walla o wara. Obasanjo hollitii wonde o saliima, kono ñalnde 28 lewru nduu o naati e lannda PDP, yontere caggal ɗuum o hollitii wonde o woni ko e waɗde hoore makko ngam wonde kanndidaa hooreejo lannda ka.[201] E nder kampaañ makko, o teeŋtinii yiɗde makko artirde ko o sikki ko ndonu laamu moƴƴu nde o yalti e laamu e hitaande 1979.[202] E nder dingiral mooftugol kaalis, o dañii N356 miliyoŋ, heen N120 miliyoŋ ko njulaagu Aliko Dangote rokki ɗum. Ko ɓuri heewde e ɗeen dokke ummorii ko e worɓe militeer en e njuɓɓudi njulaagu kesiri.[202] O yilliima leydi ndii, o waɗii konnguɗi e ɗaɓɓude heɗtiiɓe e yimɓe teeŋtuɓe ; ƴamde guwerneeruuji dowlaaji ko huunde maantiniinde e mbaadi makko.[203] Kampaañ makko ina ɓuuɓna kampaañ makko mawɗo, hono Alex Ekwueme, mo yimɓe worgo e konu nguu ngoongɗinaani no feewi.[204] PDP ina heɓa leydi e nder leydi Najeriya, ina hollita wonde ko kañum woni lannda ɓurka waawde e nder wooteeji laamu nokkuuji ɗii e lewru Duujal 1998, e wooteeji diiwaanuuji ɗii e lewru Yarkomaa 1999, e wooteeji Senaa e suudu sarɗiiji e lewru Feebariyee 1999.[205] Ñalnde 14 feebariyee 1999, batu PDP noddaa ngam suɓaade kanndidaa mum to hooreejo leydi. Obasanjo heɓi 1 658 woote, Ekwueme heɓi 521, e kanndidaaji joy keddiiɗi ɗii 260.[206] E ɗaɓɓude neɗɗo worgo ngam wonde cukko hooreejo leydi PDP, Obasanjo suɓii Atiku Abubakar.[207] Woote hooreleydaagu mbaɗi ko ñalnde 27 feebariyee ; Ko Olu Falae mo APP tan woni luutndiiɗo Obasanjo. Fotde feccere e fotɓe suɓaade ɓee mbaɗii noon, won heen ko fenaande hay so tawii alaa ko bonnata. Taƴre laawɗunde ndee rokkii Obasanjo 63% e wooteeji ɗii ; ko kanko woni majjuɗo e nder dowlaaji jeegom ɗii fof e nder leydi makko Yoruba.[208] Hooreejo leydi (1999-2007) Manndaa gadano (1999-2003) Siile hooreejo leydi Naajeeriya Caggal nde o riiwti ɗum, Obasanjo naati e nder galle hooreejo leydi to Aso Rock e lewru mee 1999 caggal nde o hunni hooreejo leydi to Eagle Square to Abuja.[209] Nde o toɗɗii laamu maako kesu, o suɓi ministaajo ɗuuɗɗum diga woylaare lesdi Naajeeriya, koo ngam ko ɓuri ɗuuɗugo nder maɓɓe woni Kirista'en, ɗum mettini woɓɓe juulɓe woylaare lesdi Naajeeriya. Ɓeen ñiŋooɓe ina keewi sifaade wonde kabine Obasanjo ina ɓooyi no feewi, ina ŋakkiraa humpito, haa teeŋti noon so tawii ko e geɗe faggudu.[210] E nder laamu makko gadano, toɓɓe ndimaagu ɗe Naajeeriya’en keɓata ɓeydii; ndimaagu jaayndeeji ina addana hooreejo leydi ndi ñiŋde no feewi.[211] E nder lebbi gadani laamu makko, Obasanjo woppii fotde 200 ofisee militeer, tawi heen 93 fof ina njogii jappeere politik, ɗum noon ko kuudetaa mo ofiseeji keewɗi humpito mbaɗata ina famɗi.[209] O ummini kadi ministeer defansiyoŋ gila Lagos haa Abuja, ngam tabitinki ɗum waddaama les njiimaandi laamu ɓurndi laaɓtude.[209] Manndaa ɗiɗaɓo (2003-2007) Obasanjo suɓaama kadi e woote 2003 ɗe njuumtaani, tawi ina waɗi caɗeele leƴƴi e diineeji. Gaño makko mawɗo, gonnooɗo laamɗo konu Seneraal Muhammadu Buhari, ko juulɗo, o heɓi ballal makko ko ɓuri heewde ko e fuɗnaange. Obasanjo heɓi 61,8% e woote ɗe, o fooli Buhari ko ɓuri miliyoŋaaji 11 woote.[212] E lewru noowammbar 2003, Obasanjo ñiŋaama sabu kuulal mum rokkude asilo hooreejo leydi Liberiya, hono Charles Taylor.[213] Ñalnde 12 lewru juko hitaande 2006, o siifondiri nanondiral Greentree e hooreejo leydi Kameruun Paul Biya nanondiral ngal joofniri luural keeri hakkunde duunde Bakassi.[214] Hay so tawii Senaa leydi Najeriya ƴettii kuulal ngam wiyde wonde ittugol konu leydi Najeriya e nder duunde Bakassi ko huunde nde fotaani, Obasanjo rokki yamiroore nde jokkata no haanirta nii.[215] E manndaa makko ɗiɗaɓo, Obasanjo jokki e daranaade yaajnude doole polis leydi ndii, haa arti noon e 325 000 polis e hitaande 2007.[216] Fitinaaji laddeeji jokkuɗi hakkunde juulɓe e kerecee en e nder diiwaan Plateau addani Obasanjo bayyinde toon laamu nguu e lewru mee 2004, o dartini laamu diiwaan oo, o darni laamu konu lebbi jeegom.[217] Ñalnde 22 lewru nduu hitaande 2005, guwerneer diiwaan Abia e oon sahaa, hono Orji Uzor Kalu, rokki EFCC ɗaɓɓaande ngam tuumaade wonde Obasanjo waɗii golle bonɗe.[218] Ajenda manndaa tataɓo Obasanjo ina wondi e luural ko fayti e « Agenda mum tataɓo » , woni peeje ngam waylude doosgal leydi ndii mbele omo waawa jogaade manndaa tataɓo, duuɓi nay, e gardagol leydi ndii. Ɗum waɗii ƴamol nder jaayndeeji siyaasaaku nder Naajeeriya, nden boo kuugal ngal jaɓaaka nder Asamblee lesdi.[219][220] Ko ɗum waɗi Obasanjo woppi laamu caggal wooteeji gardagol leydi e lewru abriil 2007.[221] E nder yeewtere hesere nde o waɗdunoo e teleeji Channels, Obasanjo saliima jeyeede e ko wiyetee « Ajenda tataɓo ». O wi'i ɗum Asamblee lesdi Naajeeriya ɗon mari limngal limngal limngal limngal lesdi Naajeeriya. Obasanjo wiyi : "mi meeɗaa fiyde miijo manndaa tataɓo."[222] Ajenda manndaa tataɓo Obasanjo ina wondi e luural ko fayti e « Agenda mum tataɓo » , woni peeje ngam waylude doosgal leydi ndii mbele omo waawa jogaade manndaa tataɓo, duuɓi nay, e gardagol leydi ndii. Ɗum waɗii ƴamol nder jaayndeeji siyaasaaku nder Naajeeriya, nden boo kuugal ngal jaɓaaka nder Asamblee lesdi.[219][220] Ko ɗum waɗi Obasanjo woppi laamu caggal wooteeji gardagol leydi e lewru abriil 2007.[221] E nder yeewtere hesere nde o waɗdunoo e teleeji Channels, Obasanjo saliima jeyeede e ko wiyetee « Ajenda tataɓo ». O wi'i ɗum Asamblee lesdi Naajeeriya ɗon mari limngal limngal limngal limngal lesdi Naajeeriya. Obasanjo wiyi : "mi meeɗaa fiyde miijo manndaa tataɓo."[222] Obasanjo ñaawaama e juuɗe mawɓe politik e nder sagata Agenda manndaa tataɓo. Senator Ken Nnamani, hooreejo suudu joonde diidaaɗi lesdi Naajeeriya, wi'i Obasanjo anndini mo dow ajendaaji ɗin ɓaawo o laati hooreejo suudu joonde diidaaɗi lesdi Naajeeriya. O wiyi : "Ɗoon e ɗoon, ngon-mi hooreejo senaa, o haalani mi anniya makko, o haalani mi no o yiɗiri heɓde ɗum. Miin e fuɗɗoode mi ƴettataa mo no feewi haa kewuuji ɗii puɗɗii feeñde." O hollitii kadi wonde Miliyaaruuji jeetati (8) Naira njaltinaama ngam wallitde depiteeji ɗii ngam wallitde ajendaaji ɗii, o naamndii : « hol no neɗɗo waawirta haalde nii tawa o anndaa ɗum, tee kaalis, e kaalis leydi ndii e kaalis leydi ndii fof, ina wayla juuɗe ». Femi Gbajabiamila tabbitini haala Nnamani ammaa o waɗi limngal man feere-feere, o wi'i: "Kaalis man hawti bee miliyaaruuji N10. Hol no N10bn wurtinirtee nder ceede lesdi ngam eɓɓoore nde a woni hooreejo jooɗiiɗo, ammaa nden eɓɓoore laataaki miijo ma? Toy ceede man iwdi?" E nder haalaaji garooji ɗii, Nnamani wiyi wonde hooreejo leydi Amerik hono George W. Bush jeertinii Obasanjo nde woppataa peeje mum ngam tawtoreede woote gardagol leydi e manndaa tataɓo. O wiyi : "so aɗa yiɗi hoolkisaade wonde gorko oo ina haala fenaande tan, ƴettu deftere nde Condoleezza Rice, gonnooɗo jaagorgal leydi Amerik winndi. Ko goonga ko deftere nde Rice winndi. E hello 628 walla hello 638, o yeewtidii e Obasanjo, no o yiɗiri hawrude e hooreejo leydi Ameriknaajo oo, no o yiyri hooreejo leydi Ameriknaajo oo ina waawi waylude doosgal leydi ndii mbele omo waawa yahde e manndaa tataɓo, Bush wiyi mo yo o woppu ɗum, o yalta haa ñalnde 29 mee 2007."[223] Politik faggudu, renndo e caggal leydi Politik faggudu Obasanjo e wondude e laamɗo leydi Iran e hitaande 1999 E ngalu petrol, Obasanjo sosi Komitiiru Ƴellitaare Delta Niger, o huutorii Porogaraam Jaŋde leslesre winndereyankoore ngam ɓeydude jaŋde leslesre Naajeeriya. O sosi Komiseer keeriiɗo toppitiiɗo golle bonɗe e Komiseer toppitiiɗo bonanndeeji faggudu e kaalis. Wuurtinii Sosiyetee ngenndiijo njulaagu to Kaduna e (Onne) Port Harcourt. Obasanjo ɓeydi geɗal njoɓdi petroŋ e renndo to dowla iwdi mum gila e 3 haa 13 e nder teemedere.[224] Ko adii laamu Obasanjo, ɓeydagol PIB leydi Nijeer ina muusi no feewi gila 1987, tee ina jokki tan e 3% hakkunde 1999 e 2000. Kono, e laamu Obasanjo, ɓeydagol ngol ɓeydiima fotde laabi ɗiɗi haa 6% haa o woppi laamu, tawi noon ina walliti ɗum e feccere e ɓeydagol coggu petroŋ. Resooji leydi Naajeeriya ko ɓuri miliyaaruuji ɗiɗi dolaar e hitaande 1999 haa miliyaaruuji 43 dolaar nde ɓe njalti laamu e hitaande 2007.[225] O dañii yaafuya ñamaale e fedde Pari e Londres fotde 18 miliyaar dolaar, o yoɓi kadi 18 miliyaar dolaar goɗɗo ngam woppude ñamaale. Ko vuri heewde e ziin njovdiiji mooftaama e njovdi njulaagu juutndi e nder yontere nde. (Toɓɓere feewnitagol). Ko ɓuri heewde e ɗeen ñamaale mooftaama wonaa e fenaande kono ko e yontaaji 1982–85 nde Naajeeriya huutorii laamu toppitiingu mbayliigu nguu, ngu rokki denndaangal njulaagu nguu e banke mawɗo leydi Nijeer. Nde Obasanjo heɓi laamu, faggudu leydi Najeriya wonnoo ko e caɗeele. Inflation ina yahra e 30% e hitaande e nder kitaale 1990 fof, e hitaande 2001 fotde 20% e mawɓe leydi Najeriya ina ngala golle.[226] Baasal ina yaaji, laamu Obasanjo ina yiɗi ustude ɗum e yoɓde N3,500 lewru kala fotde 200,000 neɗɗo ngam waɗde golle gaadoraaɗe ko wayi no ɓuuɓnude e moƴƴinde laabi.[226] Ndeen eɓɓoore lomtinaama e Porogaraam ngenndiijo ngam haɓaade baasal, jowitiingal e ƴellitde golle sukaaɓe, e njuɓɓudi teeru, e reende.[226] E hitaande 2000, laamu Obasanjo ɓeydi njoɓdi ɓurndi famɗude ndi sariya yamiri ndii laabi ɗiɗi.[227] O noddi Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe (FMI) ngam ƴeewtaade faggudu leydi Najeriya e rokkude wasiyaaji no moƴƴiri ɗum;[228] ɓe njeertinii wonde laamu nguu ina heewi ñamlude.[227] E hitaande 2001, Obasanjo hollitii hoore mum "ko o goongɗinɗo njuɓɓudi luumo", o hollitii wonde o yiyii bonneede ko "njuɓɓudi bonndi e nder sekteer laamu" addani mo.[229] Kono, nde o holliti darnde makko e nanondiral Washington ngam luumooji rimɗi, e privatisation, e ŋakkeende ngalu laamu, ngalu laamu nguu e feccere PIB ɓeydiima gila e 29% e hitaande 1997 haa 50% e hitaande 2001.[229] E lewru Yarkomaa hitaande 2000, Naajeeriya heɓi nyamande miliyaaruuji 1 dolaar Amerik, ko ɗum addani laamu nguu naatde e kaaldigal ngam waylude ñamaale mum e ñamaale mum.[228] Laamu Obasanjo naftoriima coggu petroŋ toowngu e nder winndere ndee e manndaa mum gadano. Nde anniyii kadi ɓeydude petroŋ leydi Naajeeriya e ɓeydude keewal gaasuuji ɓuuɓɗi, ɗi puɗɗii yaltineede e leydi ndii e hitaande 1999.[230] Obasanjo fellitii momtude ballal petroŋ, ɓeyda coggu nguu haa yettoo tolno njulaagu. Kongres gollooɓe leydi Naajeeriya noddi seppo mawngo ngam seppude ngam salaade lewru Juko hitaande 2000 e Obasanjo sakkitii, o ustii ballal ngal, wonaa ittude ngal. Ngolɗoo ngonka addani Obasanjo hollirde wonde ko "gaño miskineeɓe" e miijo renndo.[231] Ngam ɓeydude ustude njoɓdi, Obasanjo wayliima e privatisation, o sosi Diiso ngenndiijo ko faati e privatisation e lewru sulyee 1999. Nde o heɓi laamu, laamu fedde nde ina joginoo 588 sosiyetee laamu, tawi ko ina tolnoo e 55% e ñamaale caggal leydi, Obasanjo ina yaakorii wonde ko heewi e ɗeen, hay so tawii noon ɗe mbaawaa wonde in2. Privatization yiɗaama e yimɓe leydi Najeriya, ko 35% tan ɓe keɓi ballal e wiyde wiɗto miijo hitaande 2000.[233] Obasanjo kadi ina yiɗi kaaldigal ngam ustude ñamaale.[234] O hollitii wonde ñamaale leydi Naajeeriya ina keewi no feewi, ina mbonna faggudu mum e demokaraasi mum. Hay so tawii Kanadaa, Itali e Amerik ndartinii ñamaale leydi Nijeer, ɗeen ñamaale ina pamɗi, ñamaale mawɗe leydi ndii, ɓurɗe mawnude heen ko Angalteer, njaɓaani.[235] Obasanjo ɗon tuuma caɗeele faggudu lesdi Naajeeriya ɗuuɗɗe dow fenaande;[236] nder hitaande 2000, fedde Transparency International limti ɗum lesdi ɓurdundi fenaande nder duniyaaru.[229] Balɗe seeɗa caggal nde o heɓi laamu o hollitii kuulal ngam haɓaade fenaande to Asaambele ngenndi, hay so tawii noon ɗum jibinii luulndaare mawnde e juuɗe ñaawooɓe cikkatnooɓe ko ɗum rokki laamu nguu doole ɓurɗe heewde. Nanondiral waɗii ngam ustude eɓɓooje Obasanjo, addani mo siynude sariya keso oo e lewru suwee 2000.[236] Alaa ko holliti wonde njulaagu ustiima e nder leydi Najeriya e nder manndaa Obasanjo gadano, laamu makko waɗaani hay huunde ngam ƴeewtaade njulaagu nguu e nder leydi Najeriya, ngu yaaji e nder laamuuji diiwaan e laamuuji nokkuuji.[229] Obasanjo ina wondi e hooreejo leydi Riisi Valadimir Putin to Kremlin e hitaande 2001 Cellal renndo kadi ko huunde tiiɗnde e nder leydi Nijeer. E nder kitaale 1990, Naajeeriya ina yoɓnoo fotde 0,2% e PIB mum ngam wallitde cellal renndo, ko ɗum woni ko ɓuri famɗude e winndere ndee. Laamu Obasanjo ɓeydi ɗum haa ko ɓuri 0,4%.[237] Caɗeele cellal ɓurɗe yaawde toɗɗaade leydi Najeriya ko ñawu VIH/SIDA, Obasanjo yamiri ɗoon e ɗoon ciimtol ngonka e dow toɓɓere ndee caggal nde o heɓi laamu.[237] Ndeen o sosi Goomu Hooreejo leydi ngam haɓaade SIDA, ngu o ardii, o sosi Goomu Pewnugol Golle Ngenndiije ngam yuɓɓinde kampaañ 2000–03, jowitiingo e bayyinaango, heblo, wasiyaaji, e jarribooji ngam haɓaade mboros o. Ngam yahduki yeeso ngam njamu jama'aare, o fuɗɗi kampaniire kesum ngam hurgugo ceede laamu lesdi Naajeeriya ngam etaade nyiɓugo suudu nyawndiigu nder kala nokkure 774 laamu lesdi Naajeeriya Politik caggal leydi Obasanjo e Donald Rumsfeld to Pentagon e hitaande 2001 Ina jeyaa e golle Obasanjo mawɗe, ɗe o heɓi heen, moƴƴitinde innde leydi Nijeer e nder winndere ndee, nde o bonni e laamu Abacha. O waɗii ko ina ɓura feccere e manndaa makko gadano caggal leydi, o yilliima leyɗeele 92 haa e lewru oktoobar 2002. E lewru oktoobar 1999, Obasanjo sosi Goomu (Commission Bi-National) hakkunde Afrik worgo e Niiseer ngam yeewtidde e gollondiral hakkunde leyɗeele ɗiɗi ɗee, ɓurɗe mawnude e Afrik worgo Saharaa. Obasanjo jokki jokkindiral Naajeeriya bee U.S., o waddi walliinde U.S. ngam wallugo janngirde sooje'en Naajeeriya. O jokkondirii no feewi e hooreejo leydi Amerik biyeteeɗo Bill Clinton, o jokkondiri kadi e lomto Clinton, hono George W. Bush ; Bush yilliima Abuja e hitaande 2003, Obasanjo yilliima Wasinton e hitaande 2006.[240] E jokkude jokkondiral ɓurngal welde e U.K. ko ɓuri ko o joginoo e kitaale 1970, o tawtoraama batu makko gadano Commonwealth e lewru Noowammbar 1999, o jaɓɓi ɗum e lewru Duujal 2003, ɗo o heɓi njeenaari teddungal e juuɗe laamɗo debbo Biritaan biyeteeɗo Elizabeth II.[240] Nde Obasanjo heɓi laamu, o huninooma ittude konu leydi Najeriya e leydi Siyeraa Leyoon. E lewru ut 1999, o hollitii limre ngam ɓe ngurtina, hay so tawii noon ɗum dartinaama nde konu jam ONU moofti, ngu Nijeer rokki ɗum 4000 soldaat. Ndee doole yalti ko e hitaande 2005.[241] E nder jiiɓru to leydi Liberia, Obasanjo yamiri konu leydi Nijeer yo naata leydi ndii e lewru ut 2003 ; ɓe njalti e komanndaaji ONU lebbi ɗiɗi caggal ɗuum.[240] Obasanjo hokki Charles Taylor, hooreejo lesdi Liberiya, mo laamu mum woppi, o hokka mo haa lesdi Naajeeriya, koo ngam ɓaawo man o warti mo haa lesdi Liberiya ngam o ɗon ƴama mo ngam warhoore konu dow ƴamol hooreejo lesdi Liberiya keso, Ellen Johnson Sirleaf.[242] E yiɗde haɗude Naajeeriya yaltude e hareeji nder leydi ɗi yimɓe njiɗaa, o salii ɗaɓɓaande konu Naajeeriya ngam tawtoreede naatgol ECOMOG e nder wolde hakkunde leyɗeele Gine-Bisaawo e golle jam 2002 to Kodduwaar. E ɗaɓɓaande Angalteer, o walli e nanondiral hakkunde laamu Zimbaabwee mo Robert Mugabe, ngam hirjinde laamu nguu e ƴettude gese ɗe ɓaleeɓe jeyi e dow fenaande. O wondi e hooreejo leydi Afrik worgo hono Thabo Mbeki e gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi Ostarali John Howard, o jeyaa ko e fedde nde Commonwealth halfinaa ngam haɓaade Zimbaabwee.[243] Obasanjo e Mbeki njilliima Zimbaabwee laabi tati ngam golloraade dipolomasi deeƴɗo, kono ɓe keɓaani heen nafoore, ɓe mbiya Mugabe yo woppu laamu walla sosde laamu renndinde laamu e luulndiiɓe Mouvement pour le changement démocratique.[239] Haɓde e jiiɓru leƴƴi e diineeji Bush ina yeewtida e Obasanjo e nder batu G8 to Farayse, lewru suwee 2003 Caggal nde Obasanjo suɓaa, nokku ɗo sariyaaji lislaam ngoni ɗoo, wonti jeewte mawɗe e nder politik leydi Najeriya. Gila leydi ndii heɓi jeytaare mum, sharia ina jokki e ñaawde siwil hakkunde juulɓe wonɓe e dowlaaji worgo ɗii ; ñaawooɓe bonanndeeji ɗii laawɗinaaka e sariyaaji sharia, huunde nde mettini won e juulɓe.[244] E lewru suwee 1999, guwerneer diiwaan Zamfara, hono Ahmed Sani, hollitii naatgol timmungol shari’a e nder oon diiwaan, hay so tawii noon o hollitii wonde ɗum jogori huutoreede tan ko e hoɗɓe e juulɓe, wonaa e yimɓe ɓe ngonaa lislaam en. Ɗuum waɗi kulhuli nder yimɓe Kirista'en pamari nder woyla lesdi Naajeeriya, bee seppooji e seppooji feere-feere ɗon ngadda fitinaaji, haa fahin haa Kaduna.[244] Across Nigeria, Christian opinion was very hostile to the introduction of sharia as the basis of state penal systems.[245] Suudu Asaambele ngenndi ndii fof ina ɗaɓɓi e Obasanjo nde nawtata haala kaa to Ñaawirde Toownde.[245] O yiɗiino woppude ɗum, o yiɗaa darnde shari’a wonta huunde doosgal.[246] E nder renndo o yiɗiino seerndude ko o inniri "sharia goonga" e "sharia politik", o yetti arano oo, o wiyi wonde ɗiɗaɓo oo ko fad mo fizzle out.[245] Nde o salii naatde heen, Obasanjo heɓi ñiŋooje sabu ŋakkeende cuusal e juuɗe yimɓe heewɓe to bannge worgo, juulɓe tiiɗɓe to bannge worgo ina ƴattoo mo.[246] E nder ɗaɓɓaande yimɓe heewɓe ummoraade e renndooji juulɓe, dowlaaji nay goɗɗi to bannge worgo ƴettii sariya kuuɓtodinɗo sharia e hitaande 2000 e jeeɗiɗi goɗɗi e hitaande 2001. Obasanjo caggal ɗuum hollitii wonde haala kaa ko caɗeele ɓurɗe mawnude ɗe o meeɗi dañde e wonde hooreejo leydi.[246] Nde Obasanjo heɓi laamu, o hulɓinii no feewi nde tawnoo leydi Najeriya ina wondi e caɗeele e fitinaaji keewɗi, tawi ko ujunnaaje ujunnaaje maayɓe. Ndee ɗoo bonannde ina ɓeydoo saɗtude sabu ɓeydagol yimɓe ina ɓeydoo yaawde, ɗum addani ɗum ɓeydagol nguleeki weeyo e pottital ngam heɓde leydi ŋakkundi e nder gure teeru.[216] Ngam haɓaade ɗum, Obasanjo ɓeydii polis leydi ndii fotde laabi ɗiɗi, gila e 120 000 haa 240 000 hakkunde 1999 e 2003.[216] Ko seeɗa waɗaa ngam haɓaade bonanndeeji polis, tawi noon torlaaji tuumaaɗo ina keddii e yaajde e laamu Obasanjo.[211] Kadi ko ɓeydi fitinaaji ɗii ko jokkere enɗam hakkunde leƴƴi, e pelle leƴƴi e diiwanuuji ceertuɗi ina ɗaɓɓi ndimaagu ɓurngu mawnude, ɗum addani yeewtooɓe heewɓe teskaade ƴaañgol leydi Naajeeriya. Wonande Obasanjo, jogaade leydi ngootiri wonti huunde mawnde.[247] Ko e sahaaji cuɓaaɗi tan o ruttotoo e konu ngam ustude jiiɓru, o ɓuri yiɗde ko waasde mooftude konu so wonaa tawa guwerneeruuji dowlaaji ɗii ina ɗaɓɓi ɗum.[248] E nder konngol makko, "en poti huutoraade doole konu tan so tawii ko heddii koo fof ronkii. Ko cfuum woni miijo am e filosof am."[249] O yi'i nafoore mawnde e yaafuya, e yaafuya, e nanondiral ngam he6de nanondiral, wonaa e 6amtaare ñaawoore warngooji bacfcfi.[250] E laamu Obasanjo, darnde fitinaaji e jiiɓru nder leydi Naajeeriya ustii.[249] Olusẹgun Obasanjo e hooreejo leydi Beresiil Lula da Silva 2005 Ko ɓuri heewde e miijooji ceertuɗi ko e diiwaan Delta Niiseer, ɗo pelle koɗdiiɗe ɗee njiɗnoo jogaade ko ɓuri heewde e ngalu keɓaaɗo e nokkuuji petroŋ keewɗi ngalu. E lewru sulyee 1999, Obasanjo neldi Asaambele ngenndi kuulal ngam sosde Komiseer ƴellitaare Delta Niiseer ngam siynude e huutoraade peeje ngam haɓaade diiwaan oo, huunde nde o sikki ina waawi ustude fitinaaji toon. E nder jeewte keewɗe, komisiyoŋ oo fuɗɗii ko e lewru Duujal 2000.[251] E lewru noowammbar 1999, o neldi kadi bataliyoŋaaji ɗiɗi konu e nder diiwaan Delta Niiseer ngam nanngude sukaaɓe Asawana, fedde Ijaw en nannguɓe e warde poliseeɓe to Odi, to diiwaan Bayelsa. Militeer en mbonni ko ɓuri heewde e wuro ngoo ; laamu ngu wi'i 43 mbaraama, ammaa ONG nokkuure nde'e waɗi limngal maayɓe siwil'en 2,483.[252] Obasanjo siftinii halkaare ndee wonde « ina waawi rewde » e « ina metti » , o yilliima Odi e lewru marse 2001 ; o salii ñaawde konu nguu, o ñaagii yaafuya ngam halkaare nde, o yoɓi njoɓdi walla o mahdi wuro ngoo, hay so tawii noon Komiseer ƴellitaare Delta Niiseer waɗii ɗum.[249] E hitaande 2000, Obasanjo haɗi fedde Oodua Peoples Congress (OPC), fedde ngenndiyankoore Yoruba en, nde wonnoo ko e fitinaaji e leƴƴi goɗɗi, o yamiri yo ardiiɓe mayre nannge.[253] E lewru suwee 2001, fitinaaji hakkunde Kerecee’en ɓiɓɓe leydi ndii e njulaagu juulɓe to bannge worgo e nder diiwaan Plateau, waɗii fotde 500 maayɗo hade konu nguu naatde heen, heɓtude laamu. Ndeen Obasanjo yilliima, wiyi yo ɓe nanondiral. E lewru Oktoobar 2001, seppooɓe juulɓe to Kano mbari fotde 200 Igbo ngam jaabaade ballal Nijeer e bommbooji Amerik mbaɗi e Afganistaan. Ndeen Obasanjo yilliima ngam ɗaɓɓude nanondiral kono hoɗɓe ɓee boomi ɗum.[246] E lewru oktoobar kadi, soldateeɓe neldaama ngam deeƴnude jiiɓru hakkunde renndooji Jukun e Tiv en e keeri hakkunde diiwanuuji Benue e Taraba ; ndeen militeer en Tiv nanngi ɓe mbari ɓe to Zaki-Biam. Obasanjo yamiri konu nguu yo naata, ɓe ndartini, ɓe mbari fotde 250 haa 300 gorko nokku oo. Obasanjo yilliima nokku oo e hitaande 2002, o ñaagii yaafuya sabu huutoraade doole no feewi.[249] n lewru Yarkomaa 2002, Obasanjo yamiri polis mobbooji ɗii yo ndartin Bakassi Boys, fedde vigilante gollotoonde ko ɓuri heewde e nder diiwanuuji Abia e Anambra, nde waɗi ko ina tolnoo e ujunnaaje ɗiɗi warngooji. O sikkiino waɗde ɗum ko adii ɗuum sabu ballal yimɓe ɓe fedde nde heɓi e haɓde e fedde bonnde, kono o nanii o waawii yahrude yeeso e maɓɓe caggal nde yimɓe maɓɓe ustii.[254] E oon lewru kadi, nokku ɗo balɗe 100 000 ngoni ɗoo, to kaɓirɗe Ijeka, saraaji Lagos, yani, ina waawi addande ɗum en fotde ujunnaaje ujunnaaje neɗɗo maayɗo. Obasanjo yilliima ɗoon e ɗoon.[249] Fitinaaji bonɗi kadi ina njokki e nder wuro Lagos, e lewru feebariyee 2002, konu neldaa e nder wuro ngo ngam artirde deeƴre. E lewru abriil 2002, Obasanjo hollitii sariya baawɗo haɗude leƴƴi so tawii ina cikka ina mbaawi wallitde fitinaaji, kono njuɓɓudi laamu leydi ndii salii ɗum, sibu ko ɗum huunde ɓurnde toowde e laamu hooreejo leydi.[253] Won e ardiiɓe laamu hono hooreejo suudu sarɗiiji e hooreejo suudu sarɗiiji ina ngondi e caɗeele e hooreejo leydi ndii, o haɓaama e jarribooji keewɗi ngam ustude laamu e nder suuduuji ɗiɗi ɗii kala.[255] Obasanjo dañii daɗde e laamu, o toɗɗaa. Caggal hooreejo leydi (2007–hannde) Politik Obasanjo e Robeer Mugaabe e hitaande 2013 O wonti hooreejo fedde PDP, omo joginoo doole e nominaasiyoŋaaji ngam heɓde jappeere laamu haa e politik e peeje. No gooto e dipolomaat en Hirnaange wiyri nii, "O anniyaaki jooɗaade e jooɗorde passenger rokka wasiyaaji e hesɗitinde nanngude taayaare so tawii Naajeeriya yaltii e laawol."[256] O woppi golle hooreejo fedde PDP e lewru abriil 2012.[257] Caggal ɗuum, o yalti e golle politik e PDP. E lewru marse 2008, Obasanjo "ina sikkaa" ko goomu parlemaa Nijeer ñaawii ɗum sabu rokkude ɗum kaayitaaji semmbe fotde miliyaaruuji 2,2 dolaar e nder laamu mum duuɓi jeetati, tawi alaa ko o waɗi so wonaa laawol. Ciimtol ngol ɗoo wiɗto meeɗaa jaɓeede e nder parlemaa leydi Najeriya fof sabu manipulaasiyoŋ e golle ɗee fof e ardorde goomu wiɗto laamu nguu. Wonaa e winndannde laawɗunde wootere, mawɗo Obasanjo ñaawaama.[258] E lewru mee 2014, Obasanjo winndi hooreejo leydi Goodluck Jonathan ngam ɗaɓɓude yo o waɗtu hakkille e innde laamu leydi Najeriya ngam yoɓde sukaaɓe rewɓe Chibok ɓe fedde Boko Haram joginoo.[259] Ñalnde 16 feebariyee 2015, o woppi lannda laamu nguu, o yamiri hooreejo diiwaan PDP yo ƴettu kaayitaaji makko e nder yeewtere jaaynde.[260] O anndiraa caggal mum ko navigateur lannda luulndo keso sosaa, hono APC.[261] Ñalnde 24 lewru Yarkomaa hitaande 2018, o winndi hooreejo leydi ndi, hono Muhammadu Buhari, o hollitii nokkuuji ɗi o ŋakkiraa, o wasiyii mo nde o woppataa laamu e hitaande 2019.[262] Haa hannde denndaangal ɓataakeeji makko feewde e hooreeɓe leydi ndii ina adii njillu maɓɓe.[263] Ñalnde 31 lewru Yarkoma hitaande 2018, o fuɗɗi diɗɗal siyaasaaku bi'eteengal "Kawtal ngam Diɗɗal Naajeeriya" (CNM) haa Abuja.[264] Ñalnde 10 lewru mbooy hitaande 2018, dillere ndee ƴetti lannda politik, hono Kongres Demokaratik Afrik (ADC).[265] Ñalnde 20 noowammbar 2018, Obasanjo hollitii e dow laabi gartugol mum[266] e lannda luulndo mawngo, hono lannda Demokaraasi Leƴƴi (PDP) e nder udditgol deftere wiyeteende My Transition Hours, nde gonnooɗo hooreejo leydi ndii, hono Goodluck Jonathan winndi. Ñalnde 22 lewru bowte hitaande 2022, Obasanjo hollitii wonde o woppii politik partiiji, caggal nde o jaɓɓi depiteeji ngenndiiji lannda Demokaraasi Leƴƴi [PDP] to hoɗorde makko to Ota, to diiwaan Ogun, to leydi Nijeer[267] Dipolomasi Obasanjo toɗɗaa ko nulaaɗo keeriiɗo to leydi Konngo, to leydi Konngo, ndi wolde yani e mum. O waɗi batuuji ceertuɗi e gardiiɗo leydi RDC Joseph Kabila e gardiiɗo luulndiiɓe laamu nguu hono Laurent Nkunda. E nder wooteeji Zimbaabwee e lewru sulyee 2013, Obasanjo ardii delegaasiyoŋ ƴeewooɓe wooteeji Dental Afrik.[268] E hitaande 2022, Obasanjo waɗii hakkunde kaaldigal jam hakkunde laamu Ecoppi e fedde wiyeteende Tigre e les njiimaandi Dental Afrik, haa arti noon e dartagol wolde Tigre ñalnde 2 noowammbar 2022.[269] E hitaande 2025, Obasanjo toɗɗaama yo won hakkundeejo e nder renndo Afrik fuɗnaange e renndo ƴellitaare Afrik worgo e nder leydi Konngo e nder kampaañ M23 (2022–hannde).[270] Jaŋde ɓeydaande E lewru desaambar 2017, Obasanjo ƴetti doktoraa mum. tesis e nder diine to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde leydi Najeriya. Miijo politik To bannge miijooji, Obasanjo ko ngenndiyanke Najeriya.[27] O ɗon mari haaje yidde lesdi Naajeeriya e nuɗɗinki dow Naajeeriya foti jogaago lesdi-leydi woore, naa ngam senndindirki dow laabi lenyol.[275] E hitaande 2001, o hollitii wonde faandaare makko juutnde ko "moƴƴinde kala sifaa ɓiyleydaagu so wonaa ɓiyleydaagu leydi Nijeer". O wi'i ɓustugo lesdi Naajeeriya dow laabi le'i, ɗum waddan laɓɓinki le'i e fitinaaji ɗi yi'aama wakkati hareeji Yugoslawi nder kitaale 1990.[275] Iliffe wi'i Obasanjo'en lesdi Naajeeriya ɗon mari bawɗe ngam o wurti diga yimɓe mawɓe Yoruba'en e wakkati maako nder konu, haa o huwi bee sooje'en diga lenyol feere-feere.[27] Demokaraasi ina waawi waasde jogaade ƴellitaare faggudu yaawnde walla ngalu kono ko ɗum, ko famɗi fof, mbaadi laamu ɓurndi moƴƴude haa jooni, ndi addanta ko ɓuri heewde e yimɓe tawtoreede no haanirta nii e nder peeje e geɗe jowitiiɗe e laamu mum en. Demokaraasi ko cuɓal ngal laamɓe ɓuri yiɗde... E nder ngonka leydi Naajeeriya, demokaraasi ko kañum tan woni koolaaɗo kuuɓal baawɗo hawrude e pelle leslese ceertuɗe e nder leñol jogiingol daɗndo ngootaagu, potal e darnde wootere e nder dumunna. — Olusegun Obasanjo ko faati e demokaraasi, hitaande 1990[276] Iliffe hollitii wonde teeŋtinde politik nanondiral ko "kuulal gonngal dow ngal" e nder nguurndam Obasanjo fof.[68] Nde o woni e laamu e kitaale 1970, Obasanjo hollitii ñiŋooje makko e "luulndaare juɓɓule" e laamu nguu.[109] E miijo makko, ɗum "ina luurdi no feewi e ko ɓuri heewde e pinal e golle politik Afrik."[161] E nder nokkuuji ɗo o luulndii laamu nguu, o miijii wonde lanndaaji luulndiiɗi ɗii ina poti waɗde heen geɗe moƴƴe,[161] e wonde politikaaji ɗii ina poti jokkude njiylawu nanondiral, wonaa waɗde luural ko juuti. O sikki wonde pottital politik ina jogii batte cemmbinɗe, ɗe nganndu-ɗaa ina teskaa e leydi ƴellitoori hono Nijeer, kadi deeƴre ina foti reeneede.[109] Obasanjo ɗon wolwa haa batu hitaande 2014, kawtal Banki Afriknaajo ngam ɓamtaare lesdi Kigali Nde o mettini e ko o yi’i ko ina wona ŋakkeende laamu demokaraasi wakilaagu e nder fuɗɗoode kitaale 1980, Obasanjo fuɗɗii hollirde ballal mum e dowla gooto e nder leydi Najeriya. O wiyi noon wonde ooɗoo dowla gooto ina foti wallitde yimɓe fof e nder laamu, teddinde jojjanɗe aadee, e reende ndimaagu haalde.[161] Caggal mum e kitaale 1980, o jeertinii eɓɓaande dowla lanndaaji ɗiɗi ɗi Babangida ƴettunoo, o miijii wonde so Babangida ina miijo lannda hakkunde-nano e hakkunde-nyaamo ina kaɓa hakkunde mum en, alaa e sago ɗum ƴellitoo haa wonta lannda gooto lomtotooɗo Kerecee’en fuɗnaange, lannda goɗɗo oo lomtotooɗo juulɓe fuɗnaange][16]. O wi'i haa nokkuure nden o wi'i walaa keerol dow limngal lanndaaji siyaasaaku ɗi mbaawata sosde, koo ngam o wi'i to ɗum waawataa waɗugo nden Naajeeriya laatoto lesdi lannda woore.[161] E nder njiimaandi Dental Sowiyet e fuɗɗoode kitaale 1990 e yah-ngartaa caggal ɗuum feewde e politik lanndaaji keewɗi e nder Afrik, Obasanjo kadi wonti balloowo lanndaaji keewɗi Jaɓɓungal e ndonu Statue Olusegun Obasanjo to Owerri, diiwaan Imo, leydi Najeriya. John Iliffe siftinii Obasanjo wonde "tergal ɓurngal teeŋtude e yonta ɗiɗaɓo ardiiɓe Afrik jeyaaɓe e leydi ndii, ɓe ndarni koye mum en ngam semmbinde dowlaaji mum en caggal koloñaal".[275] O sikki ko geɗe nay mawɗe ɗe Obasanjo waɗi e laamu mum : o jokki e jogaade heen geɗel gootel e nder leydi ndii, o jokki e jogaade doole e nder leydi ndii, o wallitorii sosde Dental Afrik, o ustii ñamaale leydi ndii caggal leydi.[248] E lewru desaambar 1999, tolno jaɓgol makko ina tolnoo e 84% ; e hitaande 2001 ko 72% ; e lewru suwee 2003 nde ustii haa 39%.[234] Obasanjo ina tuumanoo laabi keewɗi fenaande e nder nguurndam mum fof, hay so tawii noon kanko e hoore makko o wiyi wonde golle makko ko goonga.[229] Ɓeen ñiŋooɓe Obasanjo ina cikki wonde caggal nde o nanngaa e kasoo e kitaale 1990, o ɓeydii faamde wonde ko o neɗɗo masiŋ, o woppii neɗɗaagu makko, o ɓeydii kadi tiiɗnaade e goongɗinde wonde ko ɗum woni darnde makko nde Alla yamiri ngam laamaade leydi Najeriya.[299] Ɓeen ñiŋooɓe Obasanjo ina cikki wonde o bonnii laamu, haa teeŋti noon e manndaa makko ɗiɗaɓo, o wonti ko miijo jogaade laamu haa abada.[282] E nder manndaa makko gadano e nder laamu, o dañii heen gaññeeje e banndiraaɓe makko Yoruba en, ɓe cikkatnoo ko o fotnoo waɗde ko ɓuri ɗum ngam ɓamtude nafooje leñol makko e nder laamu.[300] Caggal nde o nanngaa, Obasanjo wiyi wonde ñiŋooje ina kuutoree tan ngam tabitinde « goonga e haala am » e hollirde ñiŋooje makko « bonɗe e nder aduna dogɗo e bonɗo ».[299] Defte ɗe obasanjo winndi Watch am Volume 1: Nguurndam arano e konu Watch am Volume 2: Geɗe politik e renndo Watch am Volume 3: Jooni e ndeen Yamiroore am Nzeogwu Daaba Wiyeteeɗo Neɗɗo Fajiri Keso Thabo Mbeki mo anndi Afrik E Gite Patriot Waɗde Afrik ina golla: Deftere janngirnde Waɗde nanondiral e jokkondiral Amerik e Afrik: yeewtere joyaɓere nde David M. Abshire rokki, ñalnde 15 lewru Duujal hitaande 1987 Afrik e nder Yiyngo Ɓataakeeji ngam waylude aduna: Gila e Pankhurst haa e Orwell Wonaa Yiɗde am Golle Demokaraasi : Rewindaade politik ngam nafoore Afrik Watch am Caɗeele Ardorde e nder Afrik Gaañanɗe wolde : Coodguuli ƴellitaare e nder Sudaan worgo Ardiiɓe ngam duwaawu moƴƴo Caɗeele peewnugol ndema e kisal nguura e nder Afrik Haɓde e caɗeele sukaaɓe Afrik e ŋakkeende nguura : darnde ndema Afrik e nder sosde golle Dust Suspended: Ciimtol nguurndam koloñaal, caggal leydi e nguurndam dipolomaasi 1953 haa 1986 Afrik e lewru marse: deftere ngam faggudu leydi ndii Suɓngooji Afrik teeŋtuɗi : Noddaango ngam ƴellitde laawol Pan-Afrik Njeenaaje e teddungal 1981–87, tergal, Goomu UNESCO ngam jam e nder hakkillaaji worɓe 1983–89 Tergal, Goomu keeriiɗo ngam ustude kaɓirɗe e kisal (Goomu Olaf Palme) 1983, tergal Goomu annduɓe OMS ko faati e batte kaɓirɗe nukliyeer 1986, hooreejo fedde yimɓe mawɓe Commonwealth ko faati e Afrik worgo 1986, tergal, Goomu Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe ko faati e Neɗɗo Toowɗo ko faati e jokkondiral hakkunde Ƴellitaare e Ƴellitaare 1987–93, gardiiɗo fedde winndereere ɓurnde moƴƴude, Wasinton D.C. 1988–89, Sosɗo e hooreejo, Fedde Ardorde Afrik e hooreejo, Yiilirde Ngenndiire, Fooyre Ardorde Afrik Inc. New York 1988 (mee), hooreejo, Heɗto Namibi, Fedde Adunaare Eklesiyaaji, Wasinton D.C 1988–99, Jaagorgal keeringal to Duɗal Adunawal Demal Toowngal, Ibadan 1989, tergal teddungal, Goomu toppitiingu njeenaari yimɓe Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe 1989, tergal, Fedde nde wonaa laamuyankoore ngam ƴellitaare kaalis wonande leyɗeele ƴellitiiɗe (Komisiyoŋ Schmidt) 1989 Tergal, Goomu Wagginoore, Parlemaa Golle Adunaaje 1989–99, hooreejo, Goomu Wagginooji, Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe (TI) 1990, tergal, Goomu Wagginoore, Duɗal Etikaaji Aduna Tergal, Yiilirde Ngenndiire, duɗal Afriknaajo Ameriknaajo 1991–93, Bayyinoowo, Fedde Afrik lewru kala 1991, tergal, Diiso yimɓe mawɓe, Reso kaaldigal hakkunde leyɗeele, Carter Center to Duɗal Jaaɓi-haaɗtirde Emory, Atlanta 1991, tergal, Diiso Wasiyaaji, Njeenaari Nguura Aduna, Des Moines, Iowa 1992, tergal, fedde toppitiinde ko fayti e kaalis Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe (Fondation Ford) 1993–95, tergal, Goomu Wasiyaaji Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe ko faati e Afrik 1994 – Yiylotooɗo laawɗuɗo wooteeji to Mosammbik e noddaango laamu Mosammbik 1994–99 Tergal, Goomu Wagginoore, Goomu Carnegies ngam haɗde hareeji maayɗi 1995–99, ko o gardiiɗo PNUD ngam ƴellitaare aadee Joom mum e mawɗo Promoter, Duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde karallaagal Bells, Ota.[22] Ƴeew kadi Defterdu hooreejo leydi Olusegun Obasanjo Tuugnorgal i2w5pv9d10bbocrdq38e1girqzq0s0v 175859 175858 2026-06-23T09:17:11Z Ilya Discuss 10103 #1Lib1Ref 175859 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Mawɗo Olusegun Matthew Okikiola''' Ogunboye Aremu Obasanjo GCFR (// C; Yoruba: Olúṣẹ́gun Ọbásanjọ́ [ōlúʃɛ́ɡũ̄ ɔ̄básã̄d͡ʒɔ́] R; jibinaa ko c. ndema, e gonnooɗo seneraal konu gonnooɗo hooreejo leydi Naajeeriya gila 1976 haa 1979, caggal ɗuum o woni hooreejo leydi ndii gila 1999 haa 2007. To bannge miijo, ko o ngenndiyanke Naajeeriya, o jeyaa ko e lannda Demokaraasi Leƴƴi (PDP) gila 1998 haa 2019. Obasanjo jibinaa ko e wuro Ibogun-Olaogun, e nder galle remoowo, jeyaaɗo e leñol Owu, Obasanjo janngi ko ɓuri heewde e wuro wiyeteengo Abeokuta, to diiwaan Ogun. O naati konu leydi Naajeeriya, o janngi ko faati e inndeeji, o golliima to Konngo, Angalteer, e Inndo, o arti e darnde Major. E darorɗe kitaale 1960, o waɗii darnde mawnde e haɓaade seernaaɓe Biafra e nder wolde hakkunde leyɗeele Nijeer, o jaɓi dogde e hitaande 1970. E hitaande 1975, kuudetaa konu sosi junta e Obasanjo e nder laamu mum tati. Caggal nde hooreejo triumvirate, hono Murtala Muhammed, waraa e hitaande rewtunde ndee, Diiso toowngo konu toɗɗii Obasanjo hooreejo leydi ndii. Jokkude politik Murtala, Obasanjo ƴeewtindiima taƴgol bidsee e yaajnude jaŋde ekkolaaji ɗi ngalaa njoɓdi. Ɓesdugo hawtuki lesdi Naajeeriya bee lesdi Amerika, o teddini kadi ballal pelle luutndiiɗe laamu ɓaleeɓe pamari nder Afrika woylaare. Obasanjo ɗon mari haaje wartirgo demokaraasi, o ardi woote 1979, ɓaawo man o hokki laamu lesdi Naajeeriya haa hooreejo lesdi siwil keso, Shehu Shagari. Ndeen Obasanjo artii e golle mum to Ota, Ogun, ɗo o wonti demoowo, o yaltini defte nay, o tawtoraama eɓɓooji winndereeji ngam joofnude hareeji Afrik ceertuɗi. E hitaande 1993, Sani Abacha heɓti laamu e kuudetaa konu. Obasanjo ina ñiŋa laamu Abacha e peeñcu, e hitaande 1995 o nanngaa, o ñaawaa wonde o jeyaa ko e kuudetaa peewnaaɗo, hay so tawii o seppii wonde o alaa ella. Nde o woni e kasoo ndee, o wonti Kerecee’en jibinaaɗo, tawi ko providentialism ina tiiɗtini no feewi e yi’annde makko aduna caggal ɗuum. O woppitaama caggal maayde Abacha e hitaande 1998. Obasanjo naati e politik wooteeji, o wonti kanndidaa PDP e wooteeji hooreleydaagu 1999, ɗi o dañi. Ko o hooreejo leydi, o woppi politik militeer en, kamɓe ɗiɗo fof ɓe njaajni polis, ɓe moofti konu ngam haɓaade fitinaaji leƴƴi, diineeji, e seernaaɓe jaajɗi. O itti sooje'en lesdi Naajeeriya diga lesdi Siyeraa Leone, o hokki hukuumaaji pamari feere-feere ngam ustugo ceede lesdi ndi'i. O artiraa e woote 2003. E nder miijooji Pan-Afrik, o woniino daraniiɗo no feewi sosde Dental Afrik, o woniino hooreejo mayre tuggi 2004 haa 2006. Eɓɓooje Obasanjo ngam waylude doosɗe leydi ngam ittude keeri manndaa hooreejo leydi, ɗe njahraani no haanirta nii, ɗe ngaddani ɗum ñiŋooje. Caggal nde o woppi golle, o heɓi doktoraa makko e ganndal diine to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde National Open to leydi Najeriya. == Nguurndam gadano == Baaba Olusegun Obasanjo, Obasanjo Bankole, jeyaa ko e ardiiɓe hoɗɓe e sosɓe wuro Igbogun Olaogun e fuɗɗoode kitaale 1920. Hay so tawii ko o demoowo keewɗo jawdi, o jom jawdi en, omo hiisee wonde miskiino sabu o jeyaaka e yimɓe jannguɓe e nder leydi Yoruba. Bankole hawri e Bernice Ashabi, njulaagu tokooso to Igbogun, kamɓe ɗiɗo fof ɓe resndi. Ɓeeɗoo ɗiɗo ina njogii ɓiɓɓe ɗiɗo heddiiɓe e nder jeegom : Olusegun e Adunni Oluwola, miñiiko debbo gooto. E wiyde paaspoor makko, Olusegun Obasanjo jibinaa ko ñalnde 5 marse 1937 hay so tawii noon alaa ko winndaa e mum hannde, ñalngu nguu ko limto ɓadiiɗo. Olusegun ko jeyaaɗo e Laamu Owu. O mawni ko e Baptiste. Debbo makko caggal mum naati lislaam ngam resde gorko juulɗo.[9] E duuɓi sappo e go'o, o naati duɗal leslesal wuro ngo,[10] caggal duuɓi tati, e hitaande 1951, o naati duɗal Baptist Day to nokku Owu to Abeokuta.[11] E hitaande 1952 o arti e duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde sukaaɓe Baptist,[12] kadi e nder wuro ngo. Feccere e njoɓdi duɗal makko ko dokke laamu.[13] Obasanjo waɗii ko moƴƴi e jaŋde,[14] e nder duɗal o wonti Boy Scout keewɗo faayiida.[15] Hay so tawii alaa ko holliti wonde e oon sahaa o tawtoraama kala pelle politik,[15] ko e nder duɗal hakkundeewal Obasanjo salii innde makko adannde "Matthew" ngam wonde golle luulndiiɗe koloñaal.[16] E nder ɗuum, baaba Obasanjo woppi debbo mum e sukaaɓe mum ɗiɗo.[17] Nde o yani e baasal, yumma Obasanjo ina foti golloraade njulaagu ngam wuurde.[15] Ngam yoɓugo ceede janngirde maako, Obasanjo ɗon huuwa haa gese kakawo e kola, ɗon ligga, ɗon mooɓa leɗɗe, ɗon sooda ceene mahooɓe. E nder balɗe udditgol duɗal ngal kadi o golliima e duɗal ngal, omo taƴa huɗo e golle juuɗe goɗɗe.[18] E hitaande 1956, Obasanjo waɗi jaŋde mum hakkundeere, caggal nde o ñamli kaalis ngam yoɓde njoɓdi naatgol.[19] E oon hitaande kadi, o fuɗɗii jokkondirde e Oluremi Akinlawon, ɓiy Owu mawɗo station. Ɓe ndarniino dewgal haa hitaande 1958.[20] O yalti duɗal, o fayi Ibadan, o ƴetti golle jannginde. Ko ɗoon o jooɗii e ekzamen naatgol to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Ibadan, kono hay so o jaɓii o tawi o waawaa yoɓde njoɓdi jaŋde.[19] Ndeen Obasanjo fellitii jokkude golle mum e nder konu leydi Najeriya, ngam heɓde ngal gollal, e hitaande 1958 o jaabiima eɓɓoore ngam janngude ofiseeji cadet e nder konu leydi Najeriya.[21][22] == Fuɗɗoode golle konu (1958-1966) == == Heblo konu: 1958-1959 == E lewru marse 1958, Obasanjo naati e konu leydi Najeriya.[23] O yi’i ɗum ko fartaŋŋe jokkude jaŋde makko tawa omo heɓa njoɓdi;[24] o humpitaaki ɗoon e ɗoon ɓesngu makko, o hulii wonde jibnaaɓe makko ina njaɓa ɗum.[25] Ko e oon sahaa konu leydi Najeriya ina jokki e juuɗe laamu koloñaal leydi Najeriya, ngam heblude ndimaagu leydi Najeriya timmungu, kadi ina waɗi eɓɓooje ngam heɓde yimɓe leydi Najeriya ɓurɓe heewde e nder darnde konu mum.[25] Ndeen o neldaama to duɗal jaŋde ofiseeji jooɗɗi to Teshie to leydi Gana.[23] Nde o woni caggal leydi, o neldi ɓataakeeji e dokke to jom suudu makko to leydi Najeriya.[20] E lewru suwee 1958, o suɓaa ngam ɓeydaade heblo lebbi jeegom to duɗal Mons Officer Cadet to Aldershot, to fuɗnaange Angalteer. Obasanjo yiɗaa ɗum toon, o sikkatnoo ko ɗum juɓɓule njiyaagu e njiyaagu, o tawi ina saɗi ko jokkondiri e dumunna Engele ɓurɗo toowde e ɓuuɓde.[26] Nde semmbini miijooji makko bonɗi e laamu Biritaan e hakke mum laamaade e dow laamuuji mum koloñaal en.[24] To Mons, o heɓi komisoŋ e seedantaagal to bannge innde. Nde Obasanjo woni to leydi Angalteer, yumma mum maayi. Baaba makko ndeen maayi ko hitaande caggal ɗuum.[27] E hitaande 1959, Obasanjo arti Nijeer. Ko ɗoon o artiraa to Kaduna, o woni subaltern infanterie e bataliyoŋ joyaɓo.[27] Wakkati maako haa Kaduna woni wakkati arandejum nde Obasanjo jooɗi haa nokkure nde juulɓe ɗuuɗi.[27] Ko nde o woni toon, e lewru Oktoobar 1960, leydi Nijeer wonti leydi ndimaagu.[28][22] == Kiiriis Konngo: 1960-1961 == == Ƴeew kadi: Kiriis Konngo == Caggal ɗuum seeɗa, bataliyoŋ joyaɓo neldaa to Konngo ngam jeyeede e konu Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe ngam haɓaade jam. Ko ɗoon bataliyoŋ oo woni e nder diiwaan Kivu, tawi ko ɗoon woni Bukavu.[28] To leydi Konngo, Obasanjo e woɗɓe ina njoginoo darnde reende siwil en, haa arti noon e leñol Belsik, e soldateeɓe murtuɓe e laamu Patrice Lumumba.[28] E lewru feebariyee 1961, Obasanjo nanngaa e juuɗe murtuɓe nde o ummotoo e misiyoŋaaji katolik en e nder dingiral sara Bukavu. Mutinooɓe ɓee miijinoo ko warde mo kono ɓe njamiraama yo ɓe njaltu. E lewru mee 1961, bataliyoŋ joyaɓo ummii Konngo, arti Najeriya.[28] E nder wolde nde, o toɗɗaama kapiteen wakkati.[24] O teskiima caggal ɗuum wonde sahaa mo o woni e Konngo oo ina semmbina "fervour pan-africain" bataliyoŋ makko.[28] == Gartugol e leydi Konngo: 1961-1966 == Nde o arti, Obasanjo soodi oto makko gadano, o naati e opitaal ko juuti sabu rafi reedu. Nde o selli, o artiraa e Korse Innjiniyaaruuji konu. E hitaande 1962 o jooɗii to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Royal College to Angalteer. Ko ɗoon o ɓuri waawde, o siforaa ko "almuudo Commonwealth ɓurɗo waawde". Oon hitaande, o yoɓi Akinlawon ngam yahde Londres ɗo o waawi naatde e kursus heblo. Ɓeeɗoo ɗiɗo resndi ɗum ko e lewru suwee 1963 to biro binnditagol Camberwell Green, ɓe nganndini ɓesnguuji maɓɓe tan caggal nde ɓe mbaɗi hiirde ndee.E ndeen hitaande, Obasanjo yamiraama yo o hoot to leydi Nijeer, hay so tawii debbo makko ina heddii to Londres duuɓi tati goɗɗi ngam timminde jaŋde makko. Nde o naati Naajeeriya, Obasanjo hoosi ardungal konu Innjiniyaaruuji ladde, jooɗiiɗum haa Kaduna. E nder konu, Obasanjo ina jokki e yahrude yeeso e nder darɗe, o wonti mawɗo e hitaande 1965. O huutoriima ngalu makko ngam soodde leydi, e fuɗɗoode kitaale 1960 o heɓi jawdi to Ibadan, Kaduna, e Lagos. E hitaande 1965, Obasanjo neldaa leydi Inndo. E nder laawol, o yilliima debbo makko to Londres. To leydi Indiya, o janngi to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde toppitiingal ko fayti e cellal to Wellington, caggal ɗuum to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Innjiniyaaruuji to Poona. Obasanjo hulɓinii e heege nde o seedtii e nder leydi Indiya hay so tawii o ƴettii nafoore e pinal leydi ndii, huunde nde addani mo janngude defte diineeji nannditooji. == Hare nder leydi Naajeeriya == == Winndannde mawnde: Hare nder leydi Najeriya == == Golle makko ko adii wolde hakkunde leyɗeele: 1966-1967 == Obasanjo ummi Naajeeriya nder lewru January hitaande 1966 ngam heɓugo lesdi ndi'i nder kuudetaa konu ngu Major Emmanuel Ifeajuna ardii. Obasanjo ina jeyaa e jeertinɓe wonde ngonka kaa ina waawi jippaade e wolde nder leydi.O hollitii wonde maa o won hakkunde ƴaañooɓe kuudetaa e laamu siwil, ngu rokki laamu nguu e juuɗe hooreejo konu Johnson Aguiyi-Ironsi. Nde kuudetaa oo ronki, Olusegun hawri e Ironsi to Lagos. Ironsi ɓooyaani ko timmini fedde nde e nder leydi Najeriya rewrude e yamiroore mum kawral e lewru mee 1966, huunde nde ɓuuɓni jiiɓru leƴƴi. E darorɗe lewru sulyee, kuudetaa ɗiɗmo waɗi. To wuro Ibadan, sooja'en iwdi woyla lesdi Naajeeriya ɗon ƴama, ɓe mbari Ironsi, ɓe mbari fodde teemeɗɗe ɗiɗi sooje'en ko ɓuri ɗuuɗugo ɓe iwdi lesdi Naajeeriya. Seneraal Yaakubu Gowon heɓti laamu. Nde ooɗoo kuudetaa waɗata nde Obasanjo wonnoo ko to Maiduguri. Nande ɗum, o yaawi hootde Kaduna. Ko ɗoon o tawi konu worgo ummoriiɗo e bataliyoŋ tataɓo ina ronka, ina torloo, ina wara soldateeɓe Igbo en. Gomnaajo lesdi Naajeeriya, Hassan Katsina, annditi dow koo ngam Olusegun naa Igbo, bana no o woni mo woylaare lesdi Naajeeriya, o ɗon nder ɓilla haa sooja'en murtuɓe. Ngam reenaade ɓe, Katsina neldi Olusegun e debbo mum ngarta Maiduguri balɗe sappo, tawi fitinaaji ɗii ina ustoo. Caggal ɗuum, Obasanjo neldi debbo mum to Lagos, tawi omo hoota Kaduna kanko e hoore makko, o woni ɗoon haa lewru Yarkomaa 1967. E oon sahaa ko kanko woni ofisee Yoruba ɓurɗo mawnude tawaaɗo to bannge worgo. E lewru Yarkomaa 1967, Obasanjo toɗɗaama to Lagos ngam wonde mawɗo Injineer konu.Hare hakkunde leƴƴi Igbo e leƴƴi worgo ina jokki e ɓeydaade, e lewru mee, ofisee konu Igbo C. Odumegwu Ojukwu hollitii jeytaare nokkuuji ɓurɗi heewde Igbo e nder fuɗnaange-rewo leydi Bi. Ñalnde 3 lewru juko, laamu leydi Najeriya neldi Obasanjo to Ibadan ngam wonde hooreejo leydi Hirnaange.Hare hakkunde konu leydi Najeriya e seernaaɓe Biafran fuɗɗii ko ñalnde 6 lewru juko. Ñalnde 9 sulyee, Ojukwu neldi koloñaal konu Biafra dow pont Niiseer ngam yiɗde heɓtude Mid-West, nokku ɗo ɓe mbaawi ummoraade Lagos. Obasanjo yiɗiino uddude laabi jahduɗi e wuro ngo. Komandaajo Yoruba biyeteeɗo Victor Banjo, ardinooɗo konu njanngu Biafran, etinooma waawnude Obasanjo yoo ɓe njaltu, kono o salii. Kuugal konu lesdi: 1967-1970 "Kolonel Olu Obasanjo, gardinooɗo diɗɗal tataɓal". Jaaynde Naajeeriya keso, hello 7, 12 lewru Yarkomaa 1970. Gagga hare nder leydi Naajeeriya e Biafra. Ndeen Obasanjo toɗɗaama hooreejo caggal diɗɗal ɗiɗaɓal Murtala Muhammed, gollotoongal to Mid-Ouest. Obasanjo woni ko e jooɗaade to Ibadan, ko kañum halfinaa Division ɗiɗaɓo oo jogaade kaɓirɗe. E nder wuro ngo, Obasanjo jannginii course ganndal konu to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Ibadan, o mahi jokkondiral makko e nder elite Yoruba. E nder wolde nde, wonno ko jiiɓru mawndu e nder Dowla Hirnaange, ngam daɗde e ɗeen caɗeele, Obasanjo woppi golle mum e nder Diiso doosɗe Hirnaange.Nde Obasanjo woɗɗi Ibadan e lewru noowammbar 1968, gure jogiiɗe kaɓirɗe ɗe fedde remooɓe Agbekoya moofti, njani e galle laamorɗo Ibadan. Konuuji ɗii njaabtii, mbari sappo e fitinaaji ɗii. Nde Obasanjo arti o yamiri yo ñaawirde ƴeewto kewuuji ɗii. Yamiroore konu: 1967-1970 "Kolonel Olu Obasanjo, gardinooɗo diɗɗal tataɓal". Jaaynde Naajeeriya keso, hello 7, 12 lewru Yarkomaa 1970. Gagga hare nder leydi Naajeeriya e Biafra. Ndeen Obasanjo toɗɗaama hooreejo caggal diɗɗal ɗiɗaɓal Murtala Muhammed, gollotoongal to Mid-Ouest. Obasanjo ina jooɗii to Ibadan, ko kañum halfinaa Division ɗiɗaɓo oo jogaade kaɓirɗe. E nder wuro ngo, Obasanjo jannginii course ganndal konu to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Ibadan, o mahi jokkondiral makko e nder elite Yoruba. E nder wolde nde, wonno ko jiiɓru mawndu e nder Dowla Hirnaange, ngam daɗde e ɗeen geɗe, Obasanjo woppi golle e nder Diiso doosɗe Dowla Hirnaange. Nde Obasanjo woɗɗi Ibadan e lewru noowammbar 1968, wuro ngo ina jogii balɗe, ngo fedde remooɓe Agbekoya moofti, yani e galle laamorɗo Ibadan. Konuuji ɗii njaabtii, mbari sappo e fitinaaji ɗii. Nde Obasanjo arti o yamiri yo ñaawirde ƴeewto kewuuji ɗii. Gowon felliti lomtaade Kolonel Benjamin Adekunle, ardinooɗo njanngu Biafra, kono ina haani Yoruba mawɗo goɗɗo. O suɓii ko Obasanjo, hay so tawii noon o alaa humpito hare. Obasanjo arii Port Harcourt ngam heɓtude golle ɗee ñalnde 16 mee 1969 ; o ardii hannde hakkunde 35 000 e 40 000 soldaat. O waɗii jonte jeegom gadane ɗee ko e riiwtude njangu Biafran e Aba. O yilliima kala nokku e yeeso, o gaañiiɗo e waɗde ɗum. Ɗee golle ngaddi mo innde cuusal e nder worɓe makko E lewru desaambar, Obasanjo fuɗɗii golle Finishing Touch, yamiri konu mum yo yahru yeeso feewde Umuahia, ngu ɓe ƴetti ñalnde Natal. Ɗum taƴii Biafra e feccere. Ñalnde 7 lewru Yarkomaa 1970, o ummini ndeen « Operation Tail-Wind », o heɓti laana ndiwoowa Uli ñalnde 12 lewru Yarkomaa. E oon sahaa, ardiiɓe Biafran njaɓi yoɓde. Ñalnde 13 lewru nduu, Obasanjo jokkondiri e komandaajo konu Biafran biyeteeɗo Philip Effiong. Obasanjo wi'i sooja'en Biafran hokka balmi maɓɓe, nden boo suɓol ardiiɓe lesdi ndi'i ɗon yaha Lagos, ɓe hokka Gowon dow laawol. Janngo mum, Obasanjo haali e rajo diiwaan oo, o wiyi ɓiɓɓe leydi ndi yo njokku e galleeji mum en, o dartina kisal mum en. Biafranaaɓe heewɓe e jaayɗe goɗɗe ina kuli wonde konu leydi Najeriya ina waawi waɗde bonanndeeji keewɗi e yimɓe foolɓe ɓee, hay so tawii noon Obasanjo ina yiɗi haɗde ɗum. O yamiri konu makko e nder diiwaan hee yo heddo e nder galleeji mum en, jokkude wonde polis nokku oo ina foti ƴettude kuule ngam ƴellitde sariya e deeƴre. Division tataɓo, ɓurɗo woɗɗude, waɗii hareeji warngooji e yimɓe nokku oo. Obasanjo ina tiiɗi e waɗooɓe bonannde ndee, sibu waɗɓe warngooji ɗii mberlaama, waɗɓe warngooji ɗii mbardaa. Laamu Gowon waɗi Obasanjo kalfinaaɗo naatnude Biafra e nder leydi Najeriya, e nder oon darnde o heɓi teddungal ngam teeŋtinde mawngu. Ko o injenieer, o teeŋtinii artirde jolngo ndiyam ; haa lewru mee 1970 gure mawɗe diiwaan oo fof njokkondirii e jolngo ndiyam. Darnde Obasanjo e timminde wolde nde waɗi mo jaambaaro wolde, kadi ko o neɗɗo ganndiraaɗo e nder leydi Najeriya. Kuugal maako ɓaawo konu lesdi: 1970-1975 E lewru suwee 1970, Obasanjo arti Abeokuta, jamaanu jaɓɓii mo no jaambaaro garoowo nii. Ndeen o neldaama to Lagos, o woni Brigadier gardinooɗo Korse Innjiniyankooɓe. E lewru oktoobar, Gowon hollitii wonde laamu militeer en ina rokka laamu nguu laamu siwil e hitaande 1976. E nder ɗuum, haɗde lanndaaji politik ina heddii e doole ; Gowon yahri yeeso seeɗa e sosde laamu siwil. E les laamu sooja'en, Obasanjo jooɗi nder goomu limngal sooja'en lesdi Naajeeriya, ko laarani limngal sooja'en lesdi Naajeeriya nder duuɓi 1970. E hitaande 1974 Obasanjo yahi to leydi Angalteer ngam janngude to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Royal College to bannge diine. Nde o arti, e lewru Yarkomaa 1975 Gowon toɗɗii mo Komisariyaa Golle e Koɗki, golle ɗe o joginoo fotde lebbi jeeɗiɗi, e nder ɗuum o ɓuri waawde mahde kaɓirɗe konu. E hitaande 1970, Obasanjo soodi sosiyatee Libannaajo ɓooyɗo to Ibadan, o gollini heen awokaa ngam ƴellitde ɗum. E hitaande 1973 o winnditii fedde wiyeteende Temperance Enterprises Limited, nde o waawi waɗde heen golle njulaagu caggal nde o woppi golle konu. O jokki kadi e waɗde heen jawdi ; e hitaande 1974 o joginoo galleeji ɗiɗi to Lagos e gooto fof to Ibadan e Abeokuta. Haalaaji ummii wonde Obasanjo ina jokki e waɗde njulaagu nguu ina ɓeydoo yaajde e nder leydi Najeriya, hay so tawii noon alaa ko holliti ɗum ko laaɓti. Dewgal makko e Oluremi wonti caɗeele nde o salii jokkondiral makko e rewɓe woɗɓe. E cakkital kitaale 1970 dewgal maɓɓe fusi. E hitaande 1976 o resi Stella Abebe e nder kewu aadaaji Yoruba. E nder laamu Murtala Kuudetaa 1975 e caggal mum Binndanɗe mawɗe: Kuudetaa laamu Nijeer e hitaande 1975 e Kawtal konu Nijeer (1966–1979) E lewru sulyee 1975, kuudetaa e gardagol Shehu Muusaa Yar’Adua e Yuusuf Garba liɓi Gowon, o dogi fayti Angalteer. Ɓe kaalaani Obasanjo e peeje maɓɓe nde tawnoo omo anndiraa wonde kuudetaa ko kuutorgal waylude laamu. Kuudetaaji ɗii njiɗnoo ko lomtinde laamu otokaraasi Gowon nguu e laamu tati (triumvirate) brigadieruuji tati ɗi Diiso Toowngo Konu ina waawi haɗde kuule mum en. Ngalɗoo laamu tati, ɓe cemmbini Seneraal Murtala Muhammed yo won hooreejo leydi, Obasanjo woni ɗiɗaɓo e gardagol mum, Danjuma woni tataɓo. Daartoowo biyeteeɗo John Iliffe teskiima wonde e nder triumvirate, Obasanjo ko « puccu gollordu e ngaandi » , ko kanko ɓuri yaawde hootde e laamu siwil. E nder heen, triumvirate oo naatni peeje ustude ngalu ngam haɗde inflation, sosi Biro toppitiiɗo ko fayti e golle bonɗe, lomtini guwerneeruuji militeer en ɗii fof ofiseeji kesi, ɓe cifotoo ko Obasanjo woni hooreejo konu, ɓe puɗɗii "Operation Deadwood" mo ɓe ndartini ofiseeji civil 11,000. Mawɗo gollordu, suudu sarɗiiji: 1975–76 E lewru oktoobar 1975, laamu nguu hollitii peeje ngam waɗde woote ɗe mbaɗata ngam laamu siwil e lewru oktoobar 1979. Ngu hollitii kadi peeje ngam sosde goomu ngam ƴettude doosgal leydi kesal, tawi ko Obasanjo ɓuri waawde suɓaade terɗe goomu nguu 49. E dow wasiyaaji Komiseer Irifeke, laamu nguu hollitii kadi sosde dowlaaji jeeɗiɗi kesi ; e dow tiiɗnaare Obasanjo, Abeokuta ina foti wonde laamorgo gooto e ɗeen dowlaaji kesi, hono Ogun. Kadi dow wasiyaaji komitiiru ndun, ɓe anndini anniyaaji seeɗa-seeɗa ngam wurtinki laamorgo lesdi Naajeeriya diga Lagos haa Abuja ɓurduɗum caka. E lewru Yarkomaa 1976, Obasanjo e Danjuma fof ƴettaa e jappeere Lietnaa-Seneraal. Murtala e Obasanjo fof ina ndartini darnde ngam haɗde koloñaal Oropnaaɓe jokkude e njiimaandi ɓaleeɓe tokosɓe e nder Afrik worgo, ɗum noon ko huunde nde ɓe cuɓii e politik maɓɓe caggal leydi. Ngolɗoo sabaabu ina ɓeydoo wontude ngoƴa Obasanjo. Caggal nde Angolaa heɓti jeytaare mum e juuɗe Portigaal, wolde ɓesngu addi e leydi hee. Naajeeriya anndi laabi laamu ngu MPLA, fedde marxist en nde Dental Sowiyet walli, sabu laamu luulndiingu FNLA e UNITA ina mballita e laamu ɓaleeɓe tokosɓe to Afrik worgo. Ko jiidaa e rokkude MPLA ballal kaalis, Niiseer fuɗɗiima ƴattaade leyɗeele Afrik goɗɗe ngam kadi jaɓde njuɓɓudi MPLA, e fuɗɗoode hitaande 1976 ko ɓuri heewde e dowlaaji e nder Fedde Ngootaagu Afrik (OAU) mbaɗii ɗum. E lewru feebariyee 1976, Obasanjo ardii delegaasiyoŋ Najeriya ngam mawninde hitaande MPLA to Luanda, ɗo o wiyi : « ko ñalngu maantiniingu, ko ɗum fuɗɗoode hare sakkitiinde ngam haɓaade koloñaal, imperiyaalisma e njiyaagu e nder Afrik ». Warngo Murtala : 13 feebariyee 1976 E lewru feebariyee 1976, kolonel Buka Suka Dimka waɗi kuudetaa e laamu Nijeer, tawi ko ndeen Seneraal Murtala Muhammed waraa. Eɓɓoore kadi waɗaama e nguurndam Obasanjo, kono neɗɗo mo fotaani waraa. Dimka ŋakkiraa ballal mawngal e nder militeer en, kuudetaa makko ronki, ɗum addani mo dogde. Obasanjo tawtoraaki wirwirnde Murtala to Kano, kono o hollitii laamu nguu ina jogori yoɓde mahngo juulirde e nokku ɗo o wirnaa ɗoo. Caggal nde o waraa, Obasanjo tawtoraama batu Diiso Toowngo Konu. O hollitii yiɗde makko woppude laamu, kono Diiso ngoo heɓiino ɗaɓɓude yo o lomto Murtala e gardagol leydi ndii. Ko ɗum waɗi o wonti hooreejo diiso ngoo.E nder kulhuli makko e ɓeydagol eɓɓooji e nguurndam makko, Obasanjo naati e nder kasoo Dodan, tawi 39 neɗɗo tuumaaɗo wonde e nder kuudetaa Dimka mbaraa, ɗum jibini tuumeede wonde jaabawol Obasanjo ngol ina heewi. Ko Obasanjo woni hooreejo leydi ndi, o huniima jokkude dawrugol Murtala. Hooreejo leydi konu (1976-1979) Triumvirat konu E anndude kulhuli gonɗi e woɗɗude yimɓe woyla Naajeeriya, Obasanjo addi Seneraal Shehu Yar'Adua ngam lomtaade mo e ɗiɗaɓo e gardagol hooreejo konu, gardiiɗo jaagorɗe toowɗo timminoowo triumvirate militeer en, Obasanjo woni hooreejo leydi e Seneraal Theophilus Stajumabli ngam laamaade dow tato we- laamu konu. Obasanjo hirjinii jeewte e nanondiral hakkunde Diiso Toowngo Konu. Heewɓe ina kaawaa hol ko waɗi Obasanjo – hono Yoruba e Kerecee – toɗɗaade Yar’Adua, tergal e aristokraasi worgo, yo won gardiiɗo ɗiɗaɓo mum, wonaa banndiiko Yoruba Kerecee. Obasanjo teeŋtinii kulhuli ngenndiiji e dow ɗi diiwanuuji ɗii ; o hirjini sukaaɓe e mawɓe fof nde njanngata fodoore ngenndiire hesere ndee e jimɗi ngenndiiji ɗii. Nafoore heɓde miijooji ɓurɗi yaajde, ñalnde aset kala omo waɗa seminar mo alaa ko woni e mum so wonaa toɓɓere nde yimɓe ɓe ngonaa politikaaji e gollotooɓe laamu noddata. Ina jeyaa e ɓe o ɗaɓɓirta wasiyaaji mum en, annduɓe lislaam e mawɓe aadaaji. Politik faggudu Obasanjo wondude e hooreejo leydi Amerik biyeteeɗo Jimmy Carter to galle laamorɗo Amerik e hitaande 1977 E cakkital kitaale 1970, leydi Naajeeriya ina joginoo faggudu ɓurndu heewde doole, tawi noon ko 34% e inflation. Ngam haɓugo bee caɗeele faggudu lesdi Naajeeriya, Obasanjo tokki dabareeji cemmbiɗinki ceede ngam ustugo ceede laamu. E nder bidsee makko 1976, Obasanjo eɓɓi ustude njoɓdi laamu nguu fotde feccere, ustude eɓɓaaɗe tedduɗe, tawa ina ɓeyda njoɓdi jaŋde, cellal, galleeji, e ndema. O sosi kadi goomu ngam haɓaade inflation, e nder hitaande wootere caggal nde Obasanjo heɓi laamu, inflation ustii haa 30%. Obasanjo ina heewi yiɗde ñamlude kaalis, kono e ballal Banke Adunayankeewo e Fonds Monétaire International, Nijeer ƴetti ñamlude miliyaaruuji 1 dolaar e fedde bankeeji. Ɓeen ñiŋooɓe leftist en mbiyi wonde waɗde ɗum ina addana leydi ndii ɗooftaade kapitaalisma. E nder duuɓi ɗiɗi garooji ɗii, laamu Obasanjo, Nijeer ƴettii 4 983 miliyoŋ dolaar goɗɗo. Naajeeriya ina wondi e ɓeydagol fotde 3% hitaande kala e nder kitaale 1970, huunde nde fotnoo ɓeydaade fotde laabi ɗiɗi e nder duuɓi 25 seeɗa. Obasanjo teskiima caggal ɗuum wonde o anndaa ɗum e oon sahaa, sibu laamu makko alaa politik e ƴellitde yimɓe. Ɓeydagol yimɓe leydi Naajeeriya addani ɓe ɓeydaade yaawde e nder gure mawɗe e ŋakkeende cuuɗi e nder gure. Ngam haɓaade ɗum, bidsee Obasanjo e hitaande 1976 hollitii peeje mahngo 200 000 galle keso haa hitaande 1980, hay so tawii noon ko 28 500 tan mahaa.E hitaande 1976, laamu Obasanjo kadi hollitii wonde ina jogori ƴellitde renndo e cogguuli. Ngam haɓaade jiiɓru seppooji gollotooɓe, e hitaande 1976 laamu Obasanjo yaltinii sariyaaji cifotooɗi ko ɓuri heewde e gollorɗe mawɗe ko sarwisaaji baɗɗi faayiida, haɗi seppooji e nder mum en, yamiri nanngugol ardiiɓe senndikaaji jiiɓru. E hitaande 1978 nde hawriti senndikaaji 42 e nder fedde wootere nde gollotooɓe e leydi Nijeer. Obasanjo jokki bee taskaramji tati mawɗi ngam ndiyam haa woyla lesdi Naajeeriya ɗi arannde anndinaama les Murtala: taskaramji maayo Kano, taskaramji Bakalori, e taskaramji ndiyam Chad Sud. Laamu makko kadi jokki eɓɓooji ƴellitaare ndema puɗɗanooɗi to Funtua, Gusau, e Gombe. Won eɓɓaaɗe ƴellitgol laddeeji kadi puɗɗaama ngam haɗde njiimaandi Saharaa to bannge worgo. Ngam heɓde ko ɓuri heewde e ɗaɓɓaande leydi ndii e kuuraa, Obasanjo ardiima udditgol eɓɓaaɗe ɗiɗi kese ngam ƴellitde kuuraa e nder ndiyam e ƴulɓe. Industry petrol heddii ko huunde mawnde e faggudu leydi Naajeeriya e les laamu Obasanjo, ministeer petrol hawtii e fedde petroŋ leydi Naajeeriya ngam sosde fedde petroŋ leydi Naajeeriya (NNPC). Obasanjo kadi wallitii sosde lowre liggorde to Bonny, nde NNPC yoɓi 62% ; eɓɓaande ndee ko lomto makko woppi ɗum e nder ɓeydagol coodguuli. Obasanjo jokki kadi e peewnugol njuɓɓudi njamndi mboɗeeri Ajaokuta, eɓɓaande ndonaandi nde heewɓe e ñiŋooɓe e nder sarwisaaji laamu mbiyata ko nde waawataa huutoreede. E nder cakkital kitaale 1970, Naajeeriya kadi ina wondi e ustaare ndema, ko ɗum huunde nde laamuuji jokkondirɗi ɗii njiyti ko ɓuri hoybude e naatde e nguura e nder leydi ndii. E lewru mee 1976, Obasanjo fuɗɗii « Operation Feed the Nation » (Operation Feed the Nation), woni eɓɓaande ngam wuurtinde ndema tokoosa, tawi ina jeyaa heen yoɓeede almudɓe ngam remde e nder balɗe juulde. Eɓɓaande ndee ina waɗi kadi momtugol njoɓɗeele e nguura jawdi e kaɓirɗe ndema, e ballal kuutoragol tovo ngo, e ustude njoɓɗeele ndema. E lewru marse 1978, Obasanjo yaltini kuulal kuutoragol leydi ndi rokki laamu nguu hakkeeji jeyi leydi e dow leydi ndii kala. Ɗum waɗiraa ko ngam haɗde njulaagu leydi e njulaagu leydi, kadi addani ɗum yetteede e bannge nano leydi Najeriya hay so tawii noon ko galleeji keewɗi jogiiɗi leydi njiɗaa ɗum. Obasanjo yiyri ɗum ko e geɗe teeŋtuɗe laamu mum. Obasanjo wallitorii reentaade Gowon ngam waɗde heen jawdi mum caggal leydi, o jokki e ɗeen politikaaji. Politik faggudu ngenndiyankaagal e nder sekteeruuji teeŋtuɗi ina usta njulaagu keeriiɗo, ɗum addani ɗum ustude njulaagu, hay so tawii noon daraniiɓe ɗum ɓee ina njetta Obasanjo ngam dartinde diisnondiral kaalis so renndinaama e ardiiɓe mum. Politikuuji nder leydi O (Obasanjo) jokki e ƴamol jaŋde leslesre winndereyankoore e nder leydi Najeriya, politik ronkaama e Gowon. O naatini sariya jaŋde leslesre e hitaande 1976 ; hakkunde 1975–76 e 1979–80, binnditagol e duɗe leslese ɗe njoɓaaka kono ɗe njiɗaa, ɓeydiima gila e miliyoŋaaji 6 haa 12,5 miliyoŋ, hay so tawii noon jannginooɓe e kaɓirɗe ina ŋakki ngam waawde huutoraade ɗaɓɓaande ndee. E hitaande jaŋde 1977–78, Obasanjo naatni jaŋde hakkundeere nde alaa ko yoɓetee e fannuuji karallaagal, huunde nde yaajnaa e denndaangal jaŋde hakkundeere e hitaande 1979–80. E oon sahaa gooto, leydi Naajeeriya ustii kaalis jaŋde toownde ; e hitaande 1978 nde woppi rokkude ñamaale almudɓe, nde ɓeydi fotde laabi tati njoɓdi nguura e hoɗorde duɗe jaaɓi haaɗtirde. Seppooji janngooɓe mbaɗi e nder gure keewɗe, waɗii warngooji baɗnooɗi e nder wuro Lagos e Zaria. E nder jaabawol fitinaaji ɗii, Obasanjo udditi duɗe jaaɓi-haaɗtirde keewɗe, haɗi golle politik e nder duɗe jaaɓi-haaɗtirde, haɗi kadi fedde janngooɓe leydi Najeriya. Tiiɗnaare ɗeen peeje ina gasa tawa ko sabu tuumeede wonde fitinaaji almudɓe ɗii ina njokkondiri e kuudetaa militeer peewnaaɗo e lewru feebariyee 1978. Obasanjo ina mettini e jikkuuji almudɓe seppooɓe ɓee, o wiyi wonde ɗum ina hollita ruttaade e nafooje aadaaji ko wayi no hormaade almudɓe. Ngam batte ɓamtaare laamu Naajeeriya, leydi ndi yi’i ɓamtaare mawnde nder kuuɗe laamu. Seedeeji peeñii ko feewti e fenaande mawnde e nder laamu leydi ndii, tee, so tawii tuume ɗee ina keewi waɗeede e Obasanjo e hoore mum, alaa seedeeji tiiɗɗi peeñi. Ngam haɗde natal njulaagu e nder laamu, laamu Obasanjo haɗii huutoraade otooji Mercedes ngam waɗde otooji laamu, e lomtaade ɗum en, ɓe mbaɗti heen otooji Peugeot 504 ɓurɗi hoybude Naatgol champagne kadi haɗaama. E ƴaañde taƴgol konu, laamu Obasanjo yiyri 12 000 soldaat ina ndartinaa e nder duuɓi 1976 e 1977. Ɗee konu njalti ko e nokkuuji kesi ngam wallitde ɗum en e jokkondirde e nguurndam siwil en. Obasanjo kadi ina tuuma wonde ko kañum woni sabaabu ƴaañgol politik. E nder yeewtere wootere maantiniinde, koɗorɗe jimoowo e daraniiɗo politik Najeriya biyeteeɗo Fela Kuti, Republique Kalakuta, yani, yani haa laaɓi, caggal nde tergal e fedde makko hawri e yimɓe konu. Fela e ɓesngu mum piyi, njuppaa, yumma mum mawɗo, daraniiɗo politik e yumma mum sosɗo Chief Funmilayo Ransome Kuti, werlaa e windo. Ɗum addani mo gaañiiɓe no feewi, haa arti noon e maayde makko. Fela caggal ɗuum nawti kees to galle hooreejo leydi ndii e oon sahaa to Dodan Barracks to Lagos ngam salaade ƴaañde laamu nguu e politik. Politik caggal leydi Hooreejo leydi Amerik biyeteeɗo Jimmy Carter ina wondi e Obasanjo e njillu mum to leydi Najeriya e hitaande 1978 Obasanjo ina yiɗi tabitinde leydi Najeriya no ardorde mawnde e nder Afrik nii, e nder laamu makko, doole mum e nder duunde nde ɓeydiima. O ummini dabare Gowon ngam waɗugo julde ɗiɗaɓre nder duuniyaaru ngam naalankaaku e pinal ɓaleeɓe e afriknaajo haa lesdi Naajeeriya; ɗum waɗi ko to Lagos e lewru feebariyee 1977, hay so tawii noon ñaawooɓe nder leydi ndii mbiyi ko ɗum huunde nde alaa ko nafata. Obasanjo hokkii ɗuuɗal teddungal dow Dental Faggudu lesɗe Afrik Hirnaange (ECOWAS) nden o mettini ɗuuɗɓe nder terɗe maako ɗemngal Farayse ɓaawo o wi'i, bana no Naajeeriya ɓuri wallugo ceede ngam hukuuma kan, Naajeeriya foti jaɓɓaago hukuumaaji pamari ɗin haa Lagos. Jokkondiral e Ganaa ɓadiiɗo kadi ustii ; e hitaande 1979, leydi Nijeer taƴii petroŋ e nder leydi ndii ngam salaade warngooji luulndiiɓe politik ɗi laamu kesu ngu Jerry Rawlings wari. E laamu Obasanjo, Naajeeriya ustii jokkondiral mum juutngal e leydi Angalteer, ɓeydi jokkondirde e leyɗeele dentuɗe Amerik. Obasanjo ina yiɗi laamu hooreejo leydi Amerik biyeteeɗo Jimmy Carter, cuɓaaɗo e hitaande 1976, sabu Carter ina joginoo darnde tiiɗnde ngam tabitinde laamu ɓurngu heewde e Afrik worgo. Ambasadeer Carter to leydi Nijeer, hono Andrew Young, waɗii sehilaagal tiiɗngal e Obasanjo, Carter yilliima leydi Nijeer e hitaande 1978. Kono tan, kuulal ngam waylude alkule ɗee waɗiraa ko ngam dalillaaji laaɓtuɗi, wonaa miijooji ; yiytude petroŋ e nder maayo worgo firti ko Angalteer wontii ƴaañoowo wonaa soodoowo petroŋ Nijeer.Laamu Obasanjo kadi ina mettini heen no feewi nde Angalteer salii yoɓde Gowon, ina sikka wonde laamu Angalteer ina waawi wonde e kuudetaa mo Murtala waɗi. Ngam ɗeeɗoo hujjaaji, e hitaande 1976 nde miijii dartinde jokkondiral dipolomaasi e Angalteer, kono haa jooni nde dartinaani. Obasanjo noon saliima yahde Angalteer, o semmbini ardiiɓe makko waɗde ɗum. Jokkondiral ngal ɓeydii bonde nde Margaret Thatcher wonti gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi Angalteer e hitaande 1979, o fuɗɗii waɗde feere ɓurnde welde e njuɓɓudi laamu ɓaleeɓe tokosɓe to Rodesi e Afrik worgo. E nder jaabawol ngol, Naajeeriya nanngi laanawol ndiyam lesdi Naajeeriya, ngol ɓe tammi ɗon nastina petrol Naajeeriya haa lesdi Naajeeriya, ɓe haɗi hukuumaaji pamari Biritaniya ngam heɓugo kuuɗe Naajeeriya, ɓe nastini kuuɗe BP haa lesdi Naajeeriya. Obasanjo ina yiɗi kadi yaawnaade joofnude laamu ɓaleeɓe tokosɓe e nder Afrik worgo ; e wiyde Iliffe, ɗum wonti « cakkital politik makko caggal leydi ». Naajeeriya hokki ballal ngam haɓugo bee laamu daneeji nder diiwal ngal, hokki hukuumaaji pamari ɗi'i uddita birooji haa Lagos, nden hokki hukuumaaji pamari ɗin ɗon hokka mooɓgal feere-feere dogguɓe laamuuji lesdi Afrika fombinaari. E ƴettude peeje tiiɗɗe ngam haɓaade laamu apartaayd to Afrik worgo, Obasanjo hollitii wonde Nijeer naatataa e Olimpiyaaji 1976 sabu leydi Nuwel Selannde, tawtoraaɗo kawgel ngel, ina joginoo jokkondiral e Afrik worgo, leydi ndi haɗaa tawtoreede kawgel ngel sabu apartaayd. E hitaande 1977, Obasanjo haɗi kala kontraaji jokkondirɗi e Afrik worgo golloraade e nder leydi Nijeer ; sosiyateeji mawɗi ɗi njippii ɗii ko petroŋ Angalteer e Banke Barclays. E ndeen hitaande kadi, leydi Nijeer yuɓɓinii batu Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe ngam haɓaade apartaayd to Lagos, Obasanjo yilliima Amerik e lewru oktoobar ɗo o wiyi leydi ndii yo woppu yeeyde kaɓirɗe to Afrik worgo. Nde o woni nder leydi ndi'i o wolwi haa kawtal hoore lesdi ndi'i nden asaweeje ɗiɗi ɓaawo man Naajeeriya heɓi jooɗorde nder kawtal lesdi ndi'i. Fiilde Margaret Thatcher e hitaande 1979 ngam wonde gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi Angalteer, addani jokkondiral Angalteer e Niiseer bonnude ; Obasanjo miijii ko o yurmeende no feewi e laamuuji daneeji tokoosi e nder Afrik worgo Luulndaade laamu ɓaleeɓe tokosɓe e nder leydi Rodesi, addaniino hare Bush e nder leydi Rodesi, laamu Obasanjo ina jokki e wiyde wonde ko hare balɗe tan woni feere ngam foolde laamu Rodesi. O hirjinii ngootaagu hakkunde pelle ceertuɗe luulndiiɗe laamu toon, o wiyi Robert Mugabe, hooreejo ZANU, yo jaɓ ardaade luulndiiɗo makko, hono Joshua Nkomo mo ZAPU. E hitaande 1977, Angalteer e Amerik ciifi eɓɓaaɗe ngam waylude laamu ɓurngu heewde e Rodesi, e nder yonta mo leydi ndii woni e les njiimaandi doole Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe. Obasanjo jaɓii eɓɓaande ndee, o yilliima Tansani, Sammbi, Mosammbik, e Republiik Demokaratik Konngo ngam wiyde laamuuji mum en yo mbaɗ noon. Kono caggal nde Thatcher wonti gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi Angalteer, leydi Nijeer woɗɗitii hoore mum e darnde Angalteer ngam haɗde wolde Bush Rhodesian, o woppitaa kala darnde teeŋtunde e nder golle ɗe Angalteer waɗi, ɗe ngaddani wooteeji demokaraasi ɗi leƴƴi keewɗi mbaɗi e hitaande... Ko o hooreejo leydi, Obasanjo tawtoraama batuuji OAU. E oon sahaa yuɓɓinaa e lewru sulyee 1977, o eɓɓi sosde goomu jooɗiiɗo ngam haɓaade luural hakkunde leyɗeele jeyaaɗe e OAU. E batu 1978, o jeertinii wonde banngeeji ɗiɗi ɗii fof ina poti naatde e wolde huuɓtodinnde. E nder batu garoowo oo, o wiyi yo konu Pan-Afriknaajo sose, baawɗo waɗde golle ngam hisnude jam e nder duunde he. Ngam ɓamtuki darnde lesdi Naajeeriya nder duuniyaaru, Obasanjo nasti nder kuuɗe feere-feere ɗe lesdi Naajeeriya nder Afrika fuu. E hitaande 1977, o heɓtinii Benin e Togo yoo ndartin luural hakkunde keeri mum en, nguddita keeri mum en. O etinooma kadi haɓaade luural hakkunde leyɗeele keewɗe Fuɗnaange Afrik, o haɗa ɗum kadi ruttaade e Dental Fuɗnaange Afrik, kono o dañii heen caɗeele. Ko o hooreejo goomu jokkondire OAU, o etinooma jokkondire Ogaden hakkunde Ecoppi e Somali kono kadi o dañaani. O waawaano kadi feewnude luural peeñngal hakkunde Angalteer e leydi Konngo. E innde OAU, Obasanjo waɗii batu to Kano ngam haɓaade hare hakkunde leyɗeele Caad. Feddeeji keewɗi njaɓii darnude wolde, sosde laamu ngootaagu ngenndi, e accude konu leydi Najeriya ina waɗa jam. Hare nden noon jokki, Naajeeriya jaabtii e taƴde petroŋ mum to Caad. Koolol ɗiɗmol ko faati e hare ndee waɗii to Lagos e lewru ut 1979, ɗum addani laamu nguu sosde laamu nguu, ngu juutaani. E hitaande sakkitiinde e laamu makko konu, o ardii golle OAU ngam safrude wolde Saharaa hirnaange. Jaltugol laamu Laamu militeer en hawri ko e goomu ƴettugol doosɗe leydi ngam ƴettude doosgal kesal potngal huutoreede e nder mbayliigu laamu siwil. Goomu nguu hollitii wonde Naajeeriya ina foti waylude laamu mum, ngu tuugii ko e laamu parlemaa leydi Angalteer, ngu tuugnii e laamu hooreejo leydi Amerik, ɗo hooreejo leydi gooto cuɓaaɗo woni hooreejo leydi e hooreejo laamu. Ngam haɗude oo hooreejo leydi wontude diktatoor, hono no waɗirnoo e nokkuuji goɗɗi e nder Afrik nii, o ɗaɓɓi ƴeewndorɗe keewɗe e doole maɓɓe, haa arti noon e njuɓɓudi fedde nde, ɗo juɓɓule cuɓaaɗe keertiiɗe ngoni ɗoo e to bannge fedde, to bannge dowri, to bannge nokkuuji. Eɓɓaande doosgal leydi ndii yaltinaa ko e lewru oktoobar 1976, nde yeewtidaa e yeeso yimɓe fof e hitaande aroore ndee.Asamblee doosgal leydi hawri ngam yeewtidde e eɓɓaande doosgal leydi ndii e lewru oktoobar 1977. Asaambele leydi ndii ina jokki e ƴeewde hol darnde nde sariya sharia rokkata e nder doosgal leydi ndii. Obasanjo noddii dental ngal, o jeertini ɓe batte kuulal ngal ɓe mbaɗi e renndo, o wiyi ɓe yo ɓe ƴettu jikkuuji ɓurɗi moƴƴude. E lewru suwee 1978, Diiso toowngo konu (Conseil suprême militaire) habri doosɗe leydi kese ɗee ; nde waɗiino waylooji keewɗi e mbaydi ndi asaambele doosgal leydi ndii ƴetti. Yanti e doosgal kesal ngal, Obasanjo itti haɗde lanndaaji politik. Ndeen pelle keewɗe mbaɗii ngam tawtoreede wooteeji garooji ɗii, ko ɓuri teeŋtude heen ko lannda ngootaagu Yoruba, lannda yimɓe Naajeeriya, e lannda ngenndiijo Naajeeriya. Obasanjo mettini heen no feewi nde tawnoo heewɓe e dawriyankooɓe ina mbaɗa fodoore nde ɓe mbaawataa ɗooftaade. Woote ɗee mbaɗi ko e nder lewru sulyee e lewru ut 1979. Wootooɓe ɓee ina pamɗi, ko hakkunde 30 e 40% e wootooɓe winnditiiɓe e sariya, tee ina waɗi fenaande banngeeji keewɗi, hay so tawii noon ko jam. Wonno ko jeewte ko fayti e hol keɓɗo woote hooreleydaagu, Obasanjo salii ñaawde, o wiyi yo Komisariyaa woote ƴetta oon darnde.Ɓe kollitii wonde Shehu Shagari woni keɓɗo, huunde nde gardiiɗo ɗiɗaɓo oo, hono Obafemi Awolowo, luulndii to Ñaawirde Toownde, tawi o dañaani heen nafoore. Shagari ƴetti laamu ko e lewru oktoobar 1979 ; e nder kewu udditgol makko, Obasanjo rokki Shagari koppi doosgal leydi kesal. Ko ɗum woni fuɗɗoode Republique ɗiɗaɓere leydi Najeriya. Darnde Obasanjo nder wartirki lesdi Naajeeriya haa laamu siwil, ɗum laatoto darnde woore nde o jogi nder duuɓi cappanɗe ɗiɗi garooji. Kono yimɓe heewɓe e nder leydi ndii e caggal leydi, ina jeyaa heen hooreejo leydi Zambie, hono Kenneth Kaunda e hooreejo leydi Togo, hono Gnassingbé Eyadéma, ina ɗaɓɓi e makko yo o heddo e laamu. Jaɓde makko wallitde Awolowo, banndiiko Yoruba, addani mo gaño ko heewi e elite Yoruba. Awolowo tuumi Obasanjo ko kanko woni orkestraaji Shagari, huunde nde Obasanjo yeddi no feewi. Ko adii laamu (1979-1999) Ko adii nde o yaltata laamu, e lewru abriil 1979, Obasanjo ƴetti hoore mum e darnde seneraal ; ko o seneraal koode nay o jokki e heɓde njoɓdi dowla. Nde o woppi golle e lewru oktoobar, o arti Abeokuta. Caggal nde o waɗi kursus jonte jeegom to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde heblo ndema, Obasanjo ƴetti hoore mum e ndema, omo ɗaminii waɗde yeru e hirjinde ƴellitaare ndema. O heɓi ko famɗi fof 230 ektaar leydi to Ota ngam sosde ngesa makko, o naati ɗoon e galle ngesa birik. Wonno ko gaññeeje nokkuyankooje e dañde leydi ndi haa heewi, ñaawirɗe keewɗe ngaddaama e makko sabu ɗuum. Golle makko ndema yuɓɓinaama e fedde makko wiyeteende Temperance, caggal ɗuum o inniri ɗum « Obasanjo’s Farms Limited ». O waɗti heen hakkille teeŋtuɗo e ndema colli ; e cakkital kitaale 1980, ngesa makko ina ɓuuɓna 140 000 cukalel e yontere. O sosi kadi gese e nder gure goɗɗe to bannge worgo-fuɗnaange, e hitaande 1987 gese makko ina njogii ko ina tolnoo e 400 gollotooɗo e nokkuuji jeetati. Hono no yimɓe Yoruba woɗɓe lolluɓe nii, Obasanjo ina wallitnoo almudɓe miskineeɓe to duɗal makko ɓooyngal to Abeokuta. Obasanjo ɓeydii ñiŋde laamu siwil Shagari, o wiyi hooreejo leydi ndii ina famɗi semmbe, ina ŋakkiraa peeje. Naajeeriya nasti nder ɓillaaji faggudu ngam waylaaki coggu petrol nder duuniyaaru. E lewru mee 1983, mawɓe konu ɗaɓɓiri Obasanjo nde ƴettata laamu leydi ndii kadi, kono o salii. E lewru desaambar, ɓe liɓi Shagari tawi Obasanjo alaa heen, e nder kuudetaa mo yiyaani fitinaaji seeɗa. Muhammadu Buhari laati hooreejo lesdi sooje'en keso. Obasanjo fuɗɗii wallugo laamu Buhari, o wi'i demokaraasi wakiili'en ɗon ƴaɓɓitoo haa lesdi Naajeeriya. O yetti Buhari ngam haɓugo bee cemmbiɗinki lesdi, o ɗon mari feccere nder nastirde lesdi, nden o ɗon wartira budget booɗɗum. E lewru ut 1985, Buhari kadi liɓaama, hooreejo konu Ibraahiima Babangida ƴetti laamu. Obasanjo ina ñiŋa won e peeje faggudu ɗe Babangida waɗi, haa arti noon e ustude njoɓdi naira. E hitaande 1992, luulndaare makko e laamu Babangida addani mo noddude yo leydi Najeriya artire demokaraasi. O fuɗɗii kadi salaade politikaaji faggudu (indigenisation) e kitaale 1970, o wiyi doosɗe leydi ina poti haɗde ƴettugol jawdi caggal leydi. E nder ɗuum, o sikki laamu nguu ina foti teeŋtinde ƴellitaare nde laamu nguu ardii. O ɓeydii hulɓinaade ko ɓeydagol yimɓe, toɓɓere nde o yejjitaani nde o woni e laamu, o wiyi Naajeeriyankooɓe yo njogo ɓesnguuji tokoosi "ngam nafoore faggudu maɓɓe e renndo-faggudu ngenndi". E nder duuɓi sappo e go’o caggal nde Obasanjo woppi laamu, o yaltinii defte nay. E hitaande 1980, Obasanjo wonnoo ko tedduɗo to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Ibadan, ɗo o winndi deftere wiyeteende My Command, daartol ko faati e geɗe makko e nder wolde hakkunde leyɗeele ; nde yalti ko e lewru noowammbar ndeen hitaande. Won e janngooɓe ñiŋii ko ɓe njiyri ko Obasanjo ina ŋakkira Murtala Muhammed, Robert Adeyinka Adebayo, mawɗo politik Yoruba, wiyi yo deftere ndee yaltine ngam haɗde nde aawde feccere. Ƴeewirde ɓurnde moƴƴude ndee waɗi ko sehil makko, hono Ken Saro-Wiwa, o innitiri ɗum masterly kono o sikki ko ɗum waɗi ballal rewindaade no feewi. E hitaande 1987, o yaltini Nzeogwu, deftere ciimtol sehil makko Chukwuma Nzeogwu, mo o gollodtonoo to Konngo. Hitaande 1989, deftere Obasanjo yaltini, wiyeteende Doosgal leydi ngam naatgol e ƴellitaare, nde o jeertini e hujjaaji Babangida ngam sosde laamu lanndaaji ɗiɗi e nder leydi Najeriya. E hitaande 1990, deftere makko tataɓere, wiyeteende Not my volonté yalti. Nde rokki ciimtol sahaa nde o laaminoo leydi ndii. Golle hakkunde leyɗeele: 1979-1993 E hitaande 1986 Obasanjo jokkondiri e Nelson Manndelaa. O hollitii wonde "ko kawral ngal meeɗaa yejjiteede. Mi yiyii e [Mandelaa] Afriknaajo worgo, ko Afriknaajo tigi rigi, kadi ko gardiiɗo winndere mo alaa ko woni e mum. O ɓuri ardiiɓe ɓe min kawri e mum en e nder Afrik worgo ɓee fof." E yiɗde jogaade semmbe e dingiral winnderewal, Obasanjo udditi Fedde Ardorde Afrik e nder ngesa mum Ota. Tuggi 1981 haa 1982, o jooɗiima kadi e Komiseer Palme, fedde nde gonnooɗo gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi Suwed, hono Olof Palme ardii, yeewtidnde ko fayti e ustude kaɓirɗe e kisal winndere. Obasanjo rewi heen ko e jeyeede e goomuuji nannduɗi e ɗii ɗoo, wonande Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe, Fedde Adunaare Cellal, e Goomu hakkunde-leyɗeewu ardiiɓe laamuuji ɓooyɗi. Nde Javier Pérez de Cuéllar, hooreejo Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe rafi, Obasanjo hiisetee ko potɗo lomtaade mo. Caggal nde Pérez de Cuéllar holliti woppii laamu, Obasanjo fuɗɗii kampaañ ngam lomtaade mo. E woote Goomu Kisal Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe, o woni tataɓo, tawi ko Boutros Boutros-Ghali, Ejiptnaajo, ƴetti darnde ndee. O yalti galle makko e njilluuji keewɗi; e hitaande 1986 o yilliima Japon, e hitaande 1987 o yilliima U.S. E nder luural hakkunde leyɗeele dentuɗe Amerik ngam yiɗde ɓurde yooɗde e Afrik worgo, nanondiraama wonde fedde wiyeteende Eminent Persons Group (EPG) ina sosee ngam fuɗɗoraade kaaldigal e laamu Afrik worgo ngam wallitde ɗum e ustude apartaayd. E dow wasiyaaji cukko hooreejo leydi Naajeeriya, hono Emeka Anyaoku, Obasanjo suɓaama ngam ardaade fedde nde e wonndude e gonnooɗo gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi Ostarali, hono Malcolm Fraser. Obasanjo jaɓi e dow fenaande. E lewru feebariyee 1986, kanko e Fraser ɓe njahi to wuro wiyeteengo Cape Town ɗo ɓe naamndii ngam hawritde e Nelson Manndelaa, daraniiɗo apartaayd, tergal mawngal e nder fedde wiyeteende Congres National Africaine (ANC) haɗaande. Ko Obasanjo tan yamiraa jokkondirde e Manndelaa ; o wiyi caggal ɗuum wonde omo weltii e makko no feewi. Ndeen Obasanjo hawrii e mawɓe ANC wonɓe e egguɓe to Lusaka. E lewru marse 1986, EPG oo fof yilliima Afrik worgo, e nder yonta mo jiiɓru e fitinaaji nder galleeji ɓeydii mawnude.Ko ɗoon ɓe kawri e mawɓe laamu nguu, ina jeyaa heen gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi ndii hono P. W. Botha, mo Obasanjo siftini caggal ɗuum wonde ko neɗɗo ɓurɗo muñde mo meeɗaa hawrude. Ciimtol EPG ngol hollitii wonde, so tawii ko ɓuri heewde e yimɓe Afrik worgo ina njiɗi nanondiral ngal alaa ko bonnata hakkunde laamu nguu e pelle luulndiiɗe apartaayd, gadano oo yiɗaa miijaade ɗum, tee alaa ko yahri yeeso no feewi ngam joofnude apartaayd. EPG noon hollitii wonde ina haani ɓeydaade tiiɗnaade e nder winndere ndee. Goomu Commonwealth jaɓii ko ciimtol ngol holliti, tawi Angalteer ina luulndii ɗum ; ɗum addani Obasanjo ɓeydaade mettinde Thatcher. Ndeen Commonwealth yamirii mo yo o ardo goomu ngam yuurnitaade ko Dowlaaji Dentuɗi ɗii poti daranaade koye mum en e njiimaandi Afrik worgo. Caggal nde Botha lomtinaa F. W. de Klerk, ooɗoo ɗiɗaɓo yaltini Manndelaa kasoo. Ina jeyaa e ɗanle Mandelaa gadane caggal leydi, to Niiseer, ɗo o yilli Obasanjo to galle mum. Lebbi ɗiɗi caggal ɗuum, Obasanjo ardii delegaasiyoŋ Najeriya to Afrik worgo ngam yeewtidde e yimɓe mawɓe politik. E lewru suwee 1991, o yilliima kadi, o wiyi hooreejo Zulu en, hono Mangosuthu Buthelezi, yo waɗ kaaldigal e pelle goɗɗe ngam wallitde dartinde apartaayd e waɗde woote timmuɗe. Obasanjo kadi golliima e ƴellitaare nokkuuji goɗɗi e nder Afrik. O yilliima Angalteer laabi ɗiɗi e nder hitaande 1988, o wallitii e darnde ngam joofnude wolde hakkunde leyɗeele toon. O yilliima kadi Sudaan laabi tati hakkunde 1987 e 1989, tawi o dañaani heen nafoore, o hirjinii kaaldigal ngam joofnude wolde ɗiɗmere Sudaan. Ndeen o wonii ƴeewoowo e wooteeji gardagol leydi Mosammbik e hitaande 1994. E hitaande 1994 e 1995, o yilliima Burundi, o golliima ngam deeƴnude caɗeele hakkunde leƴƴi Hutu en e Tutsi en. O fuɗɗinooma noddude jokkondiral ɓurngal ɓadaade e nder Afrik, o wiyi ɗum ina waawi heɓtineede e sosde feddeeji jeegom diiwaanuuji. E lewru suwee 1987, o ƴettiino peeje ngam yuɓɓinde Fedde Ardorde Afrik, nde wallitta rokkude karallaagal e heblo wonande politikaaji ummoriiɗi e duunde he kala. Nde fuɗɗii waɗde batuuji, anndiraaɗi « Dialogues de la maison de la ferme » , gila e galle Obasanjo fotde laabi jeegom e nder hitaande. Kadi nde waɗii batuuji winndereeji kala lewru, nde yaltinii jaaynde kala lewru, wiyeteende “Forum Afrique” hakkunde 1991 e 1993. Haɓde e Abacha: 1992-1995 Obasanjo hollitii kulhuli mum, sibu, hay so tawii o wiyi ina wallita gartugol demokaraasi, Babangida alaa ko anniyaaki so wonaa woppude laamu konu. Caggal nde wooteeji gardagol leydi ndi ndarnaa e hitaande 1992, Obasanjo e Anthony Enahoro ndarni fedde ngam demokaraasi e laamu moƴƴu e nder leydi Najeriya. Joɗnde adannde fedde ndee hawri ko e 31 neɗɗo politik nder leydi to Ota e lewru mee 1993. Wooteeji mbaɗi caggal ɗuum e lewru suwee 1993, tawi yimɓe seeɗa tawtoraama. Moshood Abiola mo lannda Social Democratic (SDP) heɓi, kono Babangida ndeen woppii njeñtudi woote ɗee, fodaniino woote ɗiɗmere ko ɓooyaani. SDP salii kala woote ɗiɗmere nde tawnoo ɓe mbiyi ko kanndidaa maɓɓe heɓiino woote gadane ɗee. Ndeen Babangida jaɓii woppude laamu ngam suɓaade laamu siwil jooɗiiɗo, ngu Ernest Shonekan ardii, ngu heɓi laamu e lewru ut 1993, ngu ƴetti peeje ngam waɗde wooteeji kesi e lewru feebariyee 1994. Seneraal Sani Abacha siftinii gooto e gorko gooto, mo wondude e do-gooders woɗɓe, eɓɓi ñaamde wumre ndee. Heddiiɓe ɓee mbayliima tan, oo Samariyanke nannduɗo e moƴƴo [...] arti ngam ƴettude pot suukara e juuɗe wumre ndee ngam hoore mum. Kadi, ko ɓuri heewde e men Nijeernaaɓe, ko en ƴeewooɓe, en mbeltiima. E nder kala sababuuji, ŋakkaani tawtoraaɓe e ñaamde ndee. Kadi ɓe ngoppaani batte moraal. — Obasanjo, e dow kuudetaa Sani Abacha, hitaande 1994 E oon sahaa, Sani Abacha tiiɗtinii doole mum e konu, e lewru noowammbar 1993, o felliti Shonekan yo woppu laamu, o acci hoore makko ƴettude laamu. Obasanjo noddiino Abacha ko adii kuudetaa oo, ina ñaagii ɗum nde woppataa ngalɗoo laawol. Caggal nde Abacha heɓti laamu, o wiyi Obasanjo yo jokkondir e makko. Ko sakkitii koo waɗii, kono salii wallitde laamu Abacha haa nde anndini ñalngu ngu yaltata e hoore mum. Ndeen Abacha momtii lanndaaji politik gonɗi ɗii e juɓɓule demokaraasiije, o noddi politikaaji ummoriiɗi e nokkuuji ceertuɗi yo naata e Diisnondiral makko Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe ; Obasanjo salii toɗɗaade hay gooto e ndeeɗoo diiso. Obasanjo fuɗɗi jeertinde wonde Naajeeriya ina yahra e wolde hakkunde leyɗeele woɗnde e nder feccere leƴƴi, e lewru mee 1994 kanko e Yar'Adua ɓe ndarni fedde wiyeteende National Unity Promoters, fedde daraniinde haɗde ndeeɗoo feere. E lewru Juko, Abiola anndini hoore mum hooreejo lesdi Naajeeriya, nden o nanngaama ngam janfa. Hay so tawii Obasanjo saliima jaɓde haala Abiola, o wasiyiima Abacha nde woppataa ɗum. Ndeen o ardiima fedde ardiiɓe aadaaji e batu ngu ɓe ndarni ngam fuɗɗoraade kaaldigal hakkunde Abacha e Abiola. Jaɓugo maako wallugo Abiola mettini Yoruba'en ɗuuɗɓe, jawdi Obasanjo haa lesdi Yoruba'en ɗon ƴama.Obasanjo mettini bee ko o yi'i bana jukkungo ngam o wallitaako nafuuda sectari'en Yoruba'en. E lewru marse 1995, Obasanjo ina wonnoo to leydi Danemark ngam tawtoreede batu Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe ngam ɓamtaare renndo to Kopenhag. Nde o woni ton, o nani Yar'Adua nanngaama, malla o heɓan bana non to o warti Naajeeriya. O wiyi noon o wiyi alaa ko o waɗi, o felliti hootde. Waɗi sahaa gooto to Aeroport Lagos, passport makko nanngaa, janngo mum, polis ƴetti mo e galle makko Ota. Polis tuumi Obasanjo ina jokkondiri e kuudetaa mo Abacha waɗi, mo kolonel Lawan Gwadabe yuɓɓini. Obasanjo nawtaama hakkunde nokkuuji deentorɗi ceertuɗi, tawi gonnooɗo hooreejo leydi Amerik hono Carter e hoore mum jokkondirii e Abacha ngam ɗaɓɓude yo Obasanjo woppe. Ndeen Obasanjo artiraama to Ota, o waɗtaa e kasoo fotde lebbi ɗiɗi, e nder ɗuum o haɗaama heɓde jaayɗe, telefoŋ, walla njilluuji. Goɗɗo e tuumaaɗo wonde ina jeyaa e kuudetaa oo, hono Kolonel RSB Bello-Fadile, awokaa konu, ina wondi e caɗeele, e nder ɗuum o siifondiri e bayyinaango wonde o yahiino to Ota ngam humpitaade Obasanjo ko fayti e kuudetaa oo no woniri e peewnugol. Ɗum huutoraama ngam seedeeji ngam ñaawde Obasanjo e suuɗde fenaande, ko ɗum huunde nde sariyaaji leydi Najeriya mbaɗi.Ndeen o nawaama to nokku naamne kisal leydi ndii to Ikoyi. Abacha wiyi yo Obasanjo ñaawe e yeeso ñaawirdu konu, ñaawirdu nduu waɗi ñalnde 19 suwee 1995. E nder ñaawoore ndee, Obasanjo yedditii wonde RSB Bello-Fadile meeɗaa hawrude e makko. RSB Bello-Fadile kadi hollitii wonde o siifondirii e bayyinaango ngo Obasanjo jogori waɗde e dow doole, kono ñaawirdu nduu saliima ndeeɗoo ruttaade. Ñalnde 14 sulyee, ñaawirde ndee ñaawi Obasanjo duuɓi 25 kasoo ; Yar'Adua e woɗɓe sappo e nayo kadi tuumaaɗo wonde e nder fedde nde, ñaawaama warngo.Obasanjo caggal ɗuum noddi ɗum "ñalngu mum ɓurngu mettude". Caggal nde hooreejo leydi Amerik biyeteeɗo Bill Clinton holliti wonde leydi mum ina jogori haɗde petroŋ leydi Naajeeriya so tawii ɗeen warngooji mbaɗii, Abacha wayli ñaawoore maɓɓe, o ustii ñaawoore Obasanjo haa duuɓi 15. Kasoo: 1995-1998 Obasanjo waɗi lebbi nay garooji ɗii ko e nokku biyeteeɗo Ikoyi Centre, ɗo o fuɗɗii nanngeede e nder kasoo gooto. Ndeen o nawaama to kasoo mawɗo Lagos, Kirikiri, ɗo o woni e opitaal kasoo ngam rafi hipertension e jabet. Sarɗiiji Kirikiri ina keewi, ina ŋakki, Obasanjo wiyi wonde « yiɗaa ɗum e gaño am ɓurɗo bonde ». Ko ɗoon RSB Bello-Fadile ñaagii Obasanjo yaafuya sabu mum ƴattaade ɗum, Obasanjo yaafni ɗum. Ndeen winndannde nde RSB Bello-Fadile winndi ngam humpitaade ngonka kaa, yaltinaama e kasoo, yaltinaa, wallitii hollirde wonde Obasanjo alaa ko o waɗi. Caggal jonte keewɗe, Obasanjo e woɗɓe tuumaaɓe waɗde fedde ndee, njaltinaama to kasoo Jos to diiwaan hakkundeejo, to diiwaan Plateau ɗo ɓe ngoni lebbi keewɗi. Obasanjo fuɗɗinoo hokkaama tan ko Biibal e Quraana ngam janngude, kono seeɗa-seeɗa o acci binndi ɓurɗi yaajde. Binndol kadi ina rokka mo, ina addana mo jokkondirde e yimɓe e juɓɓule ceertuɗe, haa jooni Stella ina jaɓa yillaade mo lewru kala laawol gootol. Mandelaa e Pape Jean Paul II fof noddii yo o woppe, tawi noon sosiyeteeji Inndo e Almaañ fof ina ndokki mo njeenaaje winndereeje.Forum ardorde Afrik yaltinii defte ɗiɗi ɓataakeeji e binndanɗe binndaaɗe ngam teddinde mo ; Forum oo e hoore mum dogiino ummoraade Accra to Ganaa ngam daɗde e tooñanngeeji laamu Abacha. E fuɗɗoode hitaande 1996, Obasanjo ummiima Jos, fayti e kasoo ɓurɗo woɗɗude to Yola, to diiwaan Adamawa. Ko ɗoon o jaɓaa remde gesa.[194] Obasanjo hollitii wonde e nder kasoo o ɓeydii luggiɗde e goonɗinal makko e Kerecee’en, o ɓadtii Alla,[194] o wonti Kerecee’en jibinaaɗo.[195] Gila ndeen, diine kerecee en ina joginoo darnde ɓurnde mawnude e nder yi’annde makko aduna. To Yola, o waajii 28 waaju yontere kala caggal nde jaagorɗe njilluuji ndartinaa e wakkati seeɗa. O winndi ɗeen waajuuji, o acci ɗi njaltina nde o yalti.[195] Obasanjo kadi etinooma moƴƴinde yoga e sukaaɓe kasoo, rewrude e yahrude yeeso maɓɓe nde o wonti neɗɗo dimo.[196] Obasanjo hulii wonde maa o tooke, haa teeŋti noon e nder haalaaji renndo wonde maayde Yar'adua ko tooke anniya.[197] Abacha sankii ɗoon e ɗoon e lewru suwee 1998, caggal ɗuum komanndaaji konu nguu toɗɗii Seneraal Major Abdulsalaami Abubakar lomto makko. Yontere caggal mum, Abubakar yamiri yo Obasanjo woppe, o neldi laana ndiwoowa ngam artirde mo to Ota.[197] E yiɗde wartirde leydi Naajeeriya e laamu siwil, Abubakar fusi lanndaaji e juɓɓule leydi ndi gonɗe heen ɗee, o anndini peeje ɗe ngaddanta hooreejo leydi siwil toɗɗaade e lewru mee 1999.[198] Kampaañ ngam suɓaade hooreejo leydi : 1998-1999 Jooni ko o neɗɗo dimo, Obasanjo yahiino Afrik worgo, Angalteer, e Amerik, ɗo o safraa.[199] Lanndaaji politik kesi ina mbaɗa e nder leydi Najeriya, gooto e ɓurɓe mawnude e majji ko lannda Demokaraasi Leƴƴi (PDP), fedde nde yiɗnoo ko yaajde no feewi, so tawii ko e laamu, nde haɗata kuudetaaji garooji.[199] Terɗe PDP mawɗe ndartinii Obasanjo ngam wonde kanndidaa hooreejo leydi. Ɓe cikkatnoo ko omo waawi yamirde teddungal winnderewal, kadi ko o neɗɗo militeer, omo waawi jogaade leydi ndii e dow kuudetaaji garooji e dille seertuɗe. Ɓe mbi'i kadi Naajeeriya ɗon mari haaje hooreejo lesdi fombina ngam foondugo ardungal maako arandewal haa woyla, nden Obasanjo holli hoore maako bana fombina mo walaa ƴamol dow fombina.[200] Sehilaaɓe e ɓesngu ina mbiya yo o dog, mbiyi o bonnat innde makko moƴƴere walla o wara. Obasanjo hollitii wonde o saliima, kono ñalnde 28 lewru nduu o naati e lannda PDP, yontere caggal ɗuum o hollitii wonde o woni ko e waɗde hoore makko ngam wonde kanndidaa hooreejo lannda ka.[201] E nder kampaañ makko, o teeŋtinii yiɗde makko artirde ko o sikki ko ndonu laamu moƴƴu nde o yalti e laamu e hitaande 1979.[202] E nder dingiral mooftugol kaalis, o dañii N356 miliyoŋ, heen N120 miliyoŋ ko njulaagu Aliko Dangote rokki ɗum. Ko ɓuri heewde e ɗeen dokke ummorii ko e worɓe militeer en e njuɓɓudi njulaagu kesiri.[202] O yilliima leydi ndii, o waɗii konnguɗi e ɗaɓɓude heɗtiiɓe e yimɓe teeŋtuɓe ; ƴamde guwerneeruuji dowlaaji ko huunde maantiniinde e mbaadi makko.[203] Kampaañ makko ina ɓuuɓna kampaañ makko mawɗo, hono Alex Ekwueme, mo yimɓe worgo e konu nguu ngoongɗinaani no feewi.[204] PDP ina heɓa leydi e nder leydi Najeriya, ina hollita wonde ko kañum woni lannda ɓurka waawde e nder wooteeji laamu nokkuuji ɗii e lewru Duujal 1998, e wooteeji diiwaanuuji ɗii e lewru Yarkomaa 1999, e wooteeji Senaa e suudu sarɗiiji e lewru Feebariyee 1999.[205] Ñalnde 14 feebariyee 1999, batu PDP noddaa ngam suɓaade kanndidaa mum to hooreejo leydi. Obasanjo heɓi 1 658 woote, Ekwueme heɓi 521, e kanndidaaji joy keddiiɗi ɗii 260.[206] E ɗaɓɓude neɗɗo worgo ngam wonde cukko hooreejo leydi PDP, Obasanjo suɓii Atiku Abubakar.[207] Woote hooreleydaagu mbaɗi ko ñalnde 27 feebariyee ; Ko Olu Falae mo APP tan woni luutndiiɗo Obasanjo. Fotde feccere e fotɓe suɓaade ɓee mbaɗii noon, won heen ko fenaande hay so tawii alaa ko bonnata. Taƴre laawɗunde ndee rokkii Obasanjo 63% e wooteeji ɗii ; ko kanko woni majjuɗo e nder dowlaaji jeegom ɗii fof e nder leydi makko Yoruba.[208] Hooreejo leydi (1999-2007) Manndaa gadano (1999-2003) Siile hooreejo leydi Naajeeriya Caggal nde o riiwti ɗum, Obasanjo naati e nder galle hooreejo leydi to Aso Rock e lewru mee 1999 caggal nde o hunni hooreejo leydi to Eagle Square to Abuja.[209] Nde o toɗɗii laamu maako kesu, o suɓi ministaajo ɗuuɗɗum diga woylaare lesdi Naajeeriya, koo ngam ko ɓuri ɗuuɗugo nder maɓɓe woni Kirista'en, ɗum mettini woɓɓe juulɓe woylaare lesdi Naajeeriya. Ɓeen ñiŋooɓe ina keewi sifaade wonde kabine Obasanjo ina ɓooyi no feewi, ina ŋakkiraa humpito, haa teeŋti noon so tawii ko e geɗe faggudu.[210] E nder laamu makko gadano, toɓɓe ndimaagu ɗe Naajeeriya’en keɓata ɓeydii; ndimaagu jaayndeeji ina addana hooreejo leydi ndi ñiŋde no feewi.[211] E nder lebbi gadani laamu makko, Obasanjo woppii fotde 200 ofisee militeer, tawi heen 93 fof ina njogii jappeere politik, ɗum noon ko kuudetaa mo ofiseeji keewɗi humpito mbaɗata ina famɗi.[209] O ummini kadi ministeer defansiyoŋ gila Lagos haa Abuja, ngam tabitinki ɗum waddaama les njiimaandi laamu ɓurndi laaɓtude.[209] Manndaa ɗiɗaɓo (2003-2007) Obasanjo suɓaama kadi e woote 2003 ɗe njuumtaani, tawi ina waɗi caɗeele leƴƴi e diineeji. Gaño makko mawɗo, gonnooɗo laamɗo konu Seneraal Muhammadu Buhari, ko juulɗo, o heɓi ballal makko ko ɓuri heewde ko e fuɗnaange. Obasanjo heɓi 61,8% e woote ɗe, o fooli Buhari ko ɓuri miliyoŋaaji 11 woote.[212] E lewru noowammbar 2003, Obasanjo ñiŋaama sabu kuulal mum rokkude asilo hooreejo leydi Liberiya, hono Charles Taylor.[213] Ñalnde 12 lewru juko hitaande 2006, o siifondiri nanondiral Greentree e hooreejo leydi Kameruun Paul Biya nanondiral ngal joofniri luural keeri hakkunde duunde Bakassi.[214] Hay so tawii Senaa leydi Najeriya ƴettii kuulal ngam wiyde wonde ittugol konu leydi Najeriya e nder duunde Bakassi ko huunde nde fotaani, Obasanjo rokki yamiroore nde jokkata no haanirta nii.[215] E manndaa makko ɗiɗaɓo, Obasanjo jokki e daranaade yaajnude doole polis leydi ndii, haa arti noon e 325 000 polis e hitaande 2007.[216] Fitinaaji laddeeji jokkuɗi hakkunde juulɓe e kerecee en e nder diiwaan Plateau addani Obasanjo bayyinde toon laamu nguu e lewru mee 2004, o dartini laamu diiwaan oo, o darni laamu konu lebbi jeegom.[217] Ñalnde 22 lewru nduu hitaande 2005, guwerneer diiwaan Abia e oon sahaa, hono Orji Uzor Kalu, rokki EFCC ɗaɓɓaande ngam tuumaade wonde Obasanjo waɗii golle bonɗe.[218] Ajenda manndaa tataɓo Obasanjo ina wondi e luural ko fayti e « Agenda mum tataɓo » , woni peeje ngam waylude doosgal leydi ndii mbele omo waawa jogaade manndaa tataɓo, duuɓi nay, e gardagol leydi ndii. Ɗum waɗii ƴamol nder jaayndeeji siyaasaaku nder Naajeeriya, nden boo kuugal ngal jaɓaaka nder Asamblee lesdi.[219][220] Ko ɗum waɗi Obasanjo woppi laamu caggal wooteeji gardagol leydi e lewru abriil 2007.[221] E nder yeewtere hesere nde o waɗdunoo e teleeji Channels, Obasanjo saliima jeyeede e ko wiyetee « Ajenda tataɓo ». O wi'i ɗum Asamblee lesdi Naajeeriya ɗon mari limngal limngal limngal limngal lesdi Naajeeriya. Obasanjo wiyi : "mi meeɗaa fiyde miijo manndaa tataɓo."[222] Ajenda manndaa tataɓo Obasanjo ina wondi e luural ko fayti e « Agenda mum tataɓo » , woni peeje ngam waylude doosgal leydi ndii mbele omo waawa jogaade manndaa tataɓo, duuɓi nay, e gardagol leydi ndii. Ɗum waɗii ƴamol nder jaayndeeji siyaasaaku nder Naajeeriya, nden boo kuugal ngal jaɓaaka nder Asamblee lesdi.[219][220] Ko ɗum waɗi Obasanjo woppi laamu caggal wooteeji gardagol leydi e lewru abriil 2007.[221] E nder yeewtere hesere nde o waɗdunoo e teleeji Channels, Obasanjo saliima jeyeede e ko wiyetee « Ajenda tataɓo ». O wi'i ɗum Asamblee lesdi Naajeeriya ɗon mari limngal limngal limngal limngal lesdi Naajeeriya. Obasanjo wiyi : "mi meeɗaa fiyde miijo manndaa tataɓo."[222] Obasanjo ñaawaama e juuɗe mawɓe politik e nder sagata Agenda manndaa tataɓo. Senator Ken Nnamani, hooreejo suudu joonde diidaaɗi lesdi Naajeeriya, wi'i Obasanjo anndini mo dow ajendaaji ɗin ɓaawo o laati hooreejo suudu joonde diidaaɗi lesdi Naajeeriya. O wiyi : "Ɗoon e ɗoon, ngon-mi hooreejo senaa, o haalani mi anniya makko, o haalani mi no o yiɗiri heɓde ɗum. Miin e fuɗɗoode mi ƴettataa mo no feewi haa kewuuji ɗii puɗɗii feeñde." O hollitii kadi wonde Miliyaaruuji jeetati (8) Naira njaltinaama ngam wallitde depiteeji ɗii ngam wallitde ajendaaji ɗii, o naamndii : « hol no neɗɗo waawirta haalde nii tawa o anndaa ɗum, tee kaalis, e kaalis leydi ndii e kaalis leydi ndii fof, ina wayla juuɗe ». Femi Gbajabiamila tabbitini haala Nnamani ammaa o waɗi limngal man feere-feere, o wi'i: "Kaalis man hawti bee miliyaaruuji N10. Hol no N10bn wurtinirtee nder ceede lesdi ngam eɓɓoore nde a woni hooreejo jooɗiiɗo, ammaa nden eɓɓoore laataaki miijo ma? Toy ceede man iwdi?" E nder haalaaji garooji ɗii, Nnamani wiyi wonde hooreejo leydi Amerik hono George W. Bush jeertinii Obasanjo nde woppataa peeje mum ngam tawtoreede woote gardagol leydi e manndaa tataɓo. O wiyi : "so aɗa yiɗi hoolkisaade wonde gorko oo ina haala fenaande tan, ƴettu deftere nde Condoleezza Rice, gonnooɗo jaagorgal leydi Amerik winndi. Ko goonga ko deftere nde Rice winndi. E hello 628 walla hello 638, o yeewtidii e Obasanjo, no o yiɗiri hawrude e hooreejo leydi Ameriknaajo oo, no o yiyri hooreejo leydi Ameriknaajo oo ina waawi waylude doosgal leydi ndii mbele omo waawa yahde e manndaa tataɓo, Bush wiyi mo yo o woppu ɗum, o yalta haa ñalnde 29 mee 2007."[223] Politik faggudu, renndo e caggal leydi Politik faggudu Obasanjo e wondude e laamɗo leydi Iran e hitaande 1999 E ngalu petrol, Obasanjo sosi Komitiiru Ƴellitaare Delta Niger, o huutorii Porogaraam Jaŋde leslesre winndereyankoore ngam ɓeydude jaŋde leslesre Naajeeriya. O sosi Komiseer keeriiɗo toppitiiɗo golle bonɗe e Komiseer toppitiiɗo bonanndeeji faggudu e kaalis. Wuurtinii Sosiyetee ngenndiijo njulaagu to Kaduna e (Onne) Port Harcourt. Obasanjo ɓeydi geɗal njoɓdi petroŋ e renndo to dowla iwdi mum gila e 3 haa 13 e nder teemedere.[224] Ko adii laamu Obasanjo, ɓeydagol PIB leydi Nijeer ina muusi no feewi gila 1987, tee ina jokki tan e 3% hakkunde 1999 e 2000. Kono, e laamu Obasanjo, ɓeydagol ngol ɓeydiima fotde laabi ɗiɗi haa 6% haa o woppi laamu, tawi noon ina walliti ɗum e feccere e ɓeydagol coggu petroŋ. Resooji leydi Naajeeriya ko ɓuri miliyaaruuji ɗiɗi dolaar e hitaande 1999 haa miliyaaruuji 43 dolaar nde ɓe njalti laamu e hitaande 2007.[225] O dañii yaafuya ñamaale e fedde Pari e Londres fotde 18 miliyaar dolaar, o yoɓi kadi 18 miliyaar dolaar goɗɗo ngam woppude ñamaale. Ko vuri heewde e ziin njovdiiji mooftaama e njovdi njulaagu juutndi e nder yontere nde. (Toɓɓere feewnitagol). Ko ɓuri heewde e ɗeen ñamaale mooftaama wonaa e fenaande kono ko e yontaaji 1982–85 nde Naajeeriya huutorii laamu toppitiingu mbayliigu nguu, ngu rokki denndaangal njulaagu nguu e banke mawɗo leydi Nijeer. Nde Obasanjo heɓi laamu, faggudu leydi Najeriya wonnoo ko e caɗeele. Inflation ina yahra e 30% e hitaande e nder kitaale 1990 fof, e hitaande 2001 fotde 20% e mawɓe leydi Najeriya ina ngala golle.[226] Baasal ina yaaji, laamu Obasanjo ina yiɗi ustude ɗum e yoɓde N3,500 lewru kala fotde 200,000 neɗɗo ngam waɗde golle gaadoraaɗe ko wayi no ɓuuɓnude e moƴƴinde laabi.[226] Ndeen eɓɓoore lomtinaama e Porogaraam ngenndiijo ngam haɓaade baasal, jowitiingal e ƴellitde golle sukaaɓe, e njuɓɓudi teeru, e reende.[226] E hitaande 2000, laamu Obasanjo ɓeydi njoɓdi ɓurndi famɗude ndi sariya yamiri ndii laabi ɗiɗi.[227] O noddi Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe (FMI) ngam ƴeewtaade faggudu leydi Najeriya e rokkude wasiyaaji no moƴƴiri ɗum;[228] ɓe njeertinii wonde laamu nguu ina heewi ñamlude.[227] E hitaande 2001, Obasanjo hollitii hoore mum "ko o goongɗinɗo njuɓɓudi luumo", o hollitii wonde o yiyii bonneede ko "njuɓɓudi bonndi e nder sekteer laamu" addani mo.[229] Kono, nde o holliti darnde makko e nanondiral Washington ngam luumooji rimɗi, e privatisation, e ŋakkeende ngalu laamu, ngalu laamu nguu e feccere PIB ɓeydiima gila e 29% e hitaande 1997 haa 50% e hitaande 2001.[229] E lewru Yarkomaa hitaande 2000, Naajeeriya heɓi nyamande miliyaaruuji 1 dolaar Amerik, ko ɗum addani laamu nguu naatde e kaaldigal ngam waylude ñamaale mum e ñamaale mum.[228] Laamu Obasanjo naftoriima coggu petroŋ toowngu e nder winndere ndee e manndaa mum gadano. Nde anniyii kadi ɓeydude petroŋ leydi Naajeeriya e ɓeydude keewal gaasuuji ɓuuɓɗi, ɗi puɗɗii yaltineede e leydi ndii e hitaande 1999.[230] Obasanjo fellitii momtude ballal petroŋ, ɓeyda coggu nguu haa yettoo tolno njulaagu. Kongres gollooɓe leydi Naajeeriya noddi seppo mawngo ngam seppude ngam salaade lewru Juko hitaande 2000 e Obasanjo sakkitii, o ustii ballal ngal, wonaa ittude ngal. Ngolɗoo ngonka addani Obasanjo hollirde wonde ko "gaño miskineeɓe" e miijo renndo.[231] Ngam ɓeydude ustude njoɓdi, Obasanjo wayliima e privatisation, o sosi Diiso ngenndiijo ko faati e privatisation e lewru sulyee 1999. Nde o heɓi laamu, laamu fedde nde ina joginoo 588 sosiyetee laamu, tawi ko ina tolnoo e 55% e ñamaale caggal leydi, Obasanjo ina yaakorii wonde ko heewi e ɗeen, hay so tawii noon ɗe mbaawaa wonde in2. Privatization yiɗaama e yimɓe leydi Najeriya, ko 35% tan ɓe keɓi ballal e wiyde wiɗto miijo hitaande 2000.[233] Obasanjo kadi ina yiɗi kaaldigal ngam ustude ñamaale.[234] O hollitii wonde ñamaale leydi Naajeeriya ina keewi no feewi, ina mbonna faggudu mum e demokaraasi mum. Hay so tawii Kanadaa, Itali e Amerik ndartinii ñamaale leydi Nijeer, ɗeen ñamaale ina pamɗi, ñamaale mawɗe leydi ndii, ɓurɗe mawnude heen ko Angalteer, njaɓaani.[235] Obasanjo ɗon tuuma caɗeele faggudu lesdi Naajeeriya ɗuuɗɗe dow fenaande;[236] nder hitaande 2000, fedde Transparency International limti ɗum lesdi ɓurdundi fenaande nder duniyaaru.[229] Balɗe seeɗa caggal nde o heɓi laamu o hollitii kuulal ngam haɓaade fenaande to Asaambele ngenndi, hay so tawii noon ɗum jibinii luulndaare mawnde e juuɗe ñaawooɓe cikkatnooɓe ko ɗum rokki laamu nguu doole ɓurɗe heewde. Nanondiral waɗii ngam ustude eɓɓooje Obasanjo, addani mo siynude sariya keso oo e lewru suwee 2000.[236] Alaa ko holliti wonde njulaagu ustiima e nder leydi Najeriya e nder manndaa Obasanjo gadano, laamu makko waɗaani hay huunde ngam ƴeewtaade njulaagu nguu e nder leydi Najeriya, ngu yaaji e nder laamuuji diiwaan e laamuuji nokkuuji.[229] Obasanjo ina wondi e hooreejo leydi Riisi Valadimir Putin to Kremlin e hitaande 2001 Cellal renndo kadi ko huunde tiiɗnde e nder leydi Nijeer. E nder kitaale 1990, Naajeeriya ina yoɓnoo fotde 0,2% e PIB mum ngam wallitde cellal renndo, ko ɗum woni ko ɓuri famɗude e winndere ndee. Laamu Obasanjo ɓeydi ɗum haa ko ɓuri 0,4%.[237] Caɗeele cellal ɓurɗe yaawde toɗɗaade leydi Najeriya ko ñawu VIH/SIDA, Obasanjo yamiri ɗoon e ɗoon ciimtol ngonka e dow toɓɓere ndee caggal nde o heɓi laamu.[237] Ndeen o sosi Goomu Hooreejo leydi ngam haɓaade SIDA, ngu o ardii, o sosi Goomu Pewnugol Golle Ngenndiije ngam yuɓɓinde kampaañ 2000–03, jowitiingo e bayyinaango, heblo, wasiyaaji, e jarribooji ngam haɓaade mboros o. Ngam yahduki yeeso ngam njamu jama'aare, o fuɗɗi kampaniire kesum ngam hurgugo ceede laamu lesdi Naajeeriya ngam etaade nyiɓugo suudu nyawndiigu nder kala nokkure 774 laamu lesdi Naajeeriya Politik caggal leydi Obasanjo e Donald Rumsfeld to Pentagon e hitaande 2001 Ina jeyaa e golle Obasanjo mawɗe, ɗe o heɓi heen, moƴƴitinde innde leydi Nijeer e nder winndere ndee, nde o bonni e laamu Abacha. O waɗii ko ina ɓura feccere e manndaa makko gadano caggal leydi, o yilliima leyɗeele 92 haa e lewru oktoobar 2002. E lewru oktoobar 1999, Obasanjo sosi Goomu (Commission Bi-National) hakkunde Afrik worgo e Niiseer ngam yeewtidde e gollondiral hakkunde leyɗeele ɗiɗi ɗee, ɓurɗe mawnude e Afrik worgo Saharaa. Obasanjo jokki jokkindiral Naajeeriya bee U.S., o waddi walliinde U.S. ngam wallugo janngirde sooje'en Naajeeriya. O jokkondirii no feewi e hooreejo leydi Amerik biyeteeɗo Bill Clinton, o jokkondiri kadi e lomto Clinton, hono George W. Bush ; Bush yilliima Abuja e hitaande 2003, Obasanjo yilliima Wasinton e hitaande 2006.[240] E jokkude jokkondiral ɓurngal welde e U.K. ko ɓuri ko o joginoo e kitaale 1970, o tawtoraama batu makko gadano Commonwealth e lewru Noowammbar 1999, o jaɓɓi ɗum e lewru Duujal 2003, ɗo o heɓi njeenaari teddungal e juuɗe laamɗo debbo Biritaan biyeteeɗo Elizabeth II.[240] Nde Obasanjo heɓi laamu, o huninooma ittude konu leydi Najeriya e leydi Siyeraa Leyoon. E lewru ut 1999, o hollitii limre ngam ɓe ngurtina, hay so tawii noon ɗum dartinaama nde konu jam ONU moofti, ngu Nijeer rokki ɗum 4000 soldaat. Ndee doole yalti ko e hitaande 2005.[241] E nder jiiɓru to leydi Liberia, Obasanjo yamiri konu leydi Nijeer yo naata leydi ndii e lewru ut 2003 ; ɓe njalti e komanndaaji ONU lebbi ɗiɗi caggal ɗuum.[240] Obasanjo hokki Charles Taylor, hooreejo lesdi Liberiya, mo laamu mum woppi, o hokka mo haa lesdi Naajeeriya, koo ngam ɓaawo man o warti mo haa lesdi Liberiya ngam o ɗon ƴama mo ngam warhoore konu dow ƴamol hooreejo lesdi Liberiya keso, Ellen Johnson Sirleaf.[242] E yiɗde haɗude Naajeeriya yaltude e hareeji nder leydi ɗi yimɓe njiɗaa, o salii ɗaɓɓaande konu Naajeeriya ngam tawtoreede naatgol ECOMOG e nder wolde hakkunde leyɗeele Gine-Bisaawo e golle jam 2002 to Kodduwaar. E ɗaɓɓaande Angalteer, o walli e nanondiral hakkunde laamu Zimbaabwee mo Robert Mugabe, ngam hirjinde laamu nguu e ƴettude gese ɗe ɓaleeɓe jeyi e dow fenaande. O wondi e hooreejo leydi Afrik worgo hono Thabo Mbeki e gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi Ostarali John Howard, o jeyaa ko e fedde nde Commonwealth halfinaa ngam haɓaade Zimbaabwee.[243] Obasanjo e Mbeki njilliima Zimbaabwee laabi tati ngam golloraade dipolomasi deeƴɗo, kono ɓe keɓaani heen nafoore, ɓe mbiya Mugabe yo woppu laamu walla sosde laamu renndinde laamu e luulndiiɓe Mouvement pour le changement démocratique.[239] Haɓde e jiiɓru leƴƴi e diineeji Bush ina yeewtida e Obasanjo e nder batu G8 to Farayse, lewru suwee 2003 Caggal nde Obasanjo suɓaa, nokku ɗo sariyaaji lislaam ngoni ɗoo, wonti jeewte mawɗe e nder politik leydi Najeriya. Gila leydi ndii heɓi jeytaare mum, sharia ina jokki e ñaawde siwil hakkunde juulɓe wonɓe e dowlaaji worgo ɗii ; ñaawooɓe bonanndeeji ɗii laawɗinaaka e sariyaaji sharia, huunde nde mettini won e juulɓe.[244] E lewru suwee 1999, guwerneer diiwaan Zamfara, hono Ahmed Sani, hollitii naatgol timmungol shari’a e nder oon diiwaan, hay so tawii noon o hollitii wonde ɗum jogori huutoreede tan ko e hoɗɓe e juulɓe, wonaa e yimɓe ɓe ngonaa lislaam en. Ɗuum waɗi kulhuli nder yimɓe Kirista'en pamari nder woyla lesdi Naajeeriya, bee seppooji e seppooji feere-feere ɗon ngadda fitinaaji, haa fahin haa Kaduna.[244] Across Nigeria, Christian opinion was very hostile to the introduction of sharia as the basis of state penal systems.[245] Suudu Asaambele ngenndi ndii fof ina ɗaɓɓi e Obasanjo nde nawtata haala kaa to Ñaawirde Toownde.[245] O yiɗiino woppude ɗum, o yiɗaa darnde shari’a wonta huunde doosgal.[246] E nder renndo o yiɗiino seerndude ko o inniri "sharia goonga" e "sharia politik", o yetti arano oo, o wiyi wonde ɗiɗaɓo oo ko fad mo fizzle out.[245] Nde o salii naatde heen, Obasanjo heɓi ñiŋooje sabu ŋakkeende cuusal e juuɗe yimɓe heewɓe to bannge worgo, juulɓe tiiɗɓe to bannge worgo ina ƴattoo mo.[246] E nder ɗaɓɓaande yimɓe heewɓe ummoraade e renndooji juulɓe, dowlaaji nay goɗɗi to bannge worgo ƴettii sariya kuuɓtodinɗo sharia e hitaande 2000 e jeeɗiɗi goɗɗi e hitaande 2001. Obasanjo caggal ɗuum hollitii wonde haala kaa ko caɗeele ɓurɗe mawnude ɗe o meeɗi dañde e wonde hooreejo leydi.[246] Nde Obasanjo heɓi laamu, o hulɓinii no feewi nde tawnoo leydi Najeriya ina wondi e caɗeele e fitinaaji keewɗi, tawi ko ujunnaaje ujunnaaje maayɓe. Ndee ɗoo bonannde ina ɓeydoo saɗtude sabu ɓeydagol yimɓe ina ɓeydoo yaawde, ɗum addani ɗum ɓeydagol nguleeki weeyo e pottital ngam heɓde leydi ŋakkundi e nder gure teeru.[216] Ngam haɓaade ɗum, Obasanjo ɓeydii polis leydi ndii fotde laabi ɗiɗi, gila e 120 000 haa 240 000 hakkunde 1999 e 2003.[216] Ko seeɗa waɗaa ngam haɓaade bonanndeeji polis, tawi noon torlaaji tuumaaɗo ina keddii e yaajde e laamu Obasanjo.[211] Kadi ko ɓeydi fitinaaji ɗii ko jokkere enɗam hakkunde leƴƴi, e pelle leƴƴi e diiwanuuji ceertuɗi ina ɗaɓɓi ndimaagu ɓurngu mawnude, ɗum addani yeewtooɓe heewɓe teskaade ƴaañgol leydi Naajeeriya. Wonande Obasanjo, jogaade leydi ngootiri wonti huunde mawnde.[247] Ko e sahaaji cuɓaaɗi tan o ruttotoo e konu ngam ustude jiiɓru, o ɓuri yiɗde ko waasde mooftude konu so wonaa tawa guwerneeruuji dowlaaji ɗii ina ɗaɓɓi ɗum.[248] E nder konngol makko, "en poti huutoraade doole konu tan so tawii ko heddii koo fof ronkii. Ko cfuum woni miijo am e filosof am."[249] O yi'i nafoore mawnde e yaafuya, e yaafuya, e nanondiral ngam he6de nanondiral, wonaa e 6amtaare ñaawoore warngooji bacfcfi.[250] E laamu Obasanjo, darnde fitinaaji e jiiɓru nder leydi Naajeeriya ustii.[249] Olusẹgun Obasanjo e hooreejo leydi Beresiil Lula da Silva 2005 Ko ɓuri heewde e miijooji ceertuɗi ko e diiwaan Delta Niiseer, ɗo pelle koɗdiiɗe ɗee njiɗnoo jogaade ko ɓuri heewde e ngalu keɓaaɗo e nokkuuji petroŋ keewɗi ngalu. E lewru sulyee 1999, Obasanjo neldi Asaambele ngenndi kuulal ngam sosde Komiseer ƴellitaare Delta Niiseer ngam siynude e huutoraade peeje ngam haɓaade diiwaan oo, huunde nde o sikki ina waawi ustude fitinaaji toon. E nder jeewte keewɗe, komisiyoŋ oo fuɗɗii ko e lewru Duujal 2000.[251] E lewru noowammbar 1999, o neldi kadi bataliyoŋaaji ɗiɗi konu e nder diiwaan Delta Niiseer ngam nanngude sukaaɓe Asawana, fedde Ijaw en nannguɓe e warde poliseeɓe to Odi, to diiwaan Bayelsa. Militeer en mbonni ko ɓuri heewde e wuro ngoo ; laamu ngu wi'i 43 mbaraama, ammaa ONG nokkuure nde'e waɗi limngal maayɓe siwil'en 2,483.[252] Obasanjo siftinii halkaare ndee wonde « ina waawi rewde » e « ina metti » , o yilliima Odi e lewru marse 2001 ; o salii ñaawde konu nguu, o ñaagii yaafuya ngam halkaare nde, o yoɓi njoɓdi walla o mahdi wuro ngoo, hay so tawii noon Komiseer ƴellitaare Delta Niiseer waɗii ɗum.[249] E hitaande 2000, Obasanjo haɗi fedde Oodua Peoples Congress (OPC), fedde ngenndiyankoore Yoruba en, nde wonnoo ko e fitinaaji e leƴƴi goɗɗi, o yamiri yo ardiiɓe mayre nannge.[253] E lewru suwee 2001, fitinaaji hakkunde Kerecee’en ɓiɓɓe leydi ndii e njulaagu juulɓe to bannge worgo e nder diiwaan Plateau, waɗii fotde 500 maayɗo hade konu nguu naatde heen, heɓtude laamu. Ndeen Obasanjo yilliima, wiyi yo ɓe nanondiral. E lewru Oktoobar 2001, seppooɓe juulɓe to Kano mbari fotde 200 Igbo ngam jaabaade ballal Nijeer e bommbooji Amerik mbaɗi e Afganistaan. Ndeen Obasanjo yilliima ngam ɗaɓɓude nanondiral kono hoɗɓe ɓee boomi ɗum.[246] E lewru oktoobar kadi, soldateeɓe neldaama ngam deeƴnude jiiɓru hakkunde renndooji Jukun e Tiv en e keeri hakkunde diiwanuuji Benue e Taraba ; ndeen militeer en Tiv nanngi ɓe mbari ɓe to Zaki-Biam. Obasanjo yamiri konu nguu yo naata, ɓe ndartini, ɓe mbari fotde 250 haa 300 gorko nokku oo. Obasanjo yilliima nokku oo e hitaande 2002, o ñaagii yaafuya sabu huutoraade doole no feewi.[249] n lewru Yarkomaa 2002, Obasanjo yamiri polis mobbooji ɗii yo ndartin Bakassi Boys, fedde vigilante gollotoonde ko ɓuri heewde e nder diiwanuuji Abia e Anambra, nde waɗi ko ina tolnoo e ujunnaaje ɗiɗi warngooji. O sikkiino waɗde ɗum ko adii ɗuum sabu ballal yimɓe ɓe fedde nde heɓi e haɓde e fedde bonnde, kono o nanii o waawii yahrude yeeso e maɓɓe caggal nde yimɓe maɓɓe ustii.[254] E oon lewru kadi, nokku ɗo balɗe 100 000 ngoni ɗoo, to kaɓirɗe Ijeka, saraaji Lagos, yani, ina waawi addande ɗum en fotde ujunnaaje ujunnaaje neɗɗo maayɗo. Obasanjo yilliima ɗoon e ɗoon.[249] Fitinaaji bonɗi kadi ina njokki e nder wuro Lagos, e lewru feebariyee 2002, konu neldaa e nder wuro ngo ngam artirde deeƴre. E lewru abriil 2002, Obasanjo hollitii sariya baawɗo haɗude leƴƴi so tawii ina cikka ina mbaawi wallitde fitinaaji, kono njuɓɓudi laamu leydi ndii salii ɗum, sibu ko ɗum huunde ɓurnde toowde e laamu hooreejo leydi.[253] Won e ardiiɓe laamu hono hooreejo suudu sarɗiiji e hooreejo suudu sarɗiiji ina ngondi e caɗeele e hooreejo leydi ndii, o haɓaama e jarribooji keewɗi ngam ustude laamu e nder suuduuji ɗiɗi ɗii kala.[255] Obasanjo dañii daɗde e laamu, o toɗɗaa. Caggal hooreejo leydi (2007–hannde) Politik Obasanjo e Robeer Mugaabe e hitaande 2013 O wonti hooreejo fedde PDP, omo joginoo doole e nominaasiyoŋaaji ngam heɓde jappeere laamu haa e politik e peeje. No gooto e dipolomaat en Hirnaange wiyri nii, "O anniyaaki jooɗaade e jooɗorde passenger rokka wasiyaaji e hesɗitinde nanngude taayaare so tawii Naajeeriya yaltii e laawol."[256] O woppi golle hooreejo fedde PDP e lewru abriil 2012.[257] Caggal ɗuum, o yalti e golle politik e PDP. E lewru marse 2008, Obasanjo "ina sikkaa" ko goomu parlemaa Nijeer ñaawii ɗum sabu rokkude ɗum kaayitaaji semmbe fotde miliyaaruuji 2,2 dolaar e nder laamu mum duuɓi jeetati, tawi alaa ko o waɗi so wonaa laawol. Ciimtol ngol ɗoo wiɗto meeɗaa jaɓeede e nder parlemaa leydi Najeriya fof sabu manipulaasiyoŋ e golle ɗee fof e ardorde goomu wiɗto laamu nguu. Wonaa e winndannde laawɗunde wootere, mawɗo Obasanjo ñaawaama.[258] E lewru mee 2014, Obasanjo winndi hooreejo leydi Goodluck Jonathan ngam ɗaɓɓude yo o waɗtu hakkille e innde laamu leydi Najeriya ngam yoɓde sukaaɓe rewɓe Chibok ɓe fedde Boko Haram joginoo.[259] Ñalnde 16 feebariyee 2015, o woppi lannda laamu nguu, o yamiri hooreejo diiwaan PDP yo ƴettu kaayitaaji makko e nder yeewtere jaaynde.[260] O anndiraa caggal mum ko navigateur lannda luulndo keso sosaa, hono APC.[261] Ñalnde 24 lewru Yarkomaa hitaande 2018, o winndi hooreejo leydi ndi, hono Muhammadu Buhari, o hollitii nokkuuji ɗi o ŋakkiraa, o wasiyii mo nde o woppataa laamu e hitaande 2019.[262] Haa hannde denndaangal ɓataakeeji makko feewde e hooreeɓe leydi ndii ina adii njillu maɓɓe.[263] Ñalnde 31 lewru Yarkoma hitaande 2018, o fuɗɗi diɗɗal siyaasaaku bi'eteengal "Kawtal ngam Diɗɗal Naajeeriya" (CNM) haa Abuja.[264] Ñalnde 10 lewru mbooy hitaande 2018, dillere ndee ƴetti lannda politik, hono Kongres Demokaratik Afrik (ADC).[265] Ñalnde 20 noowammbar 2018, Obasanjo hollitii e dow laabi gartugol mum[266] e lannda luulndo mawngo, hono lannda Demokaraasi Leƴƴi (PDP) e nder udditgol deftere wiyeteende My Transition Hours, nde gonnooɗo hooreejo leydi ndii, hono Goodluck Jonathan winndi. Ñalnde 22 lewru bowte hitaande 2022, Obasanjo hollitii wonde o woppii politik partiiji, caggal nde o jaɓɓi depiteeji ngenndiiji lannda Demokaraasi Leƴƴi [PDP] to hoɗorde makko to Ota, to diiwaan Ogun, to leydi Nijeer[267] Dipolomasi Obasanjo toɗɗaa ko nulaaɗo keeriiɗo to leydi Konngo, to leydi Konngo, ndi wolde yani e mum. O waɗi batuuji ceertuɗi e gardiiɗo leydi RDC Joseph Kabila e gardiiɗo luulndiiɓe laamu nguu hono Laurent Nkunda. E nder wooteeji Zimbaabwee e lewru sulyee 2013, Obasanjo ardii delegaasiyoŋ ƴeewooɓe wooteeji Dental Afrik.[268] E hitaande 2022, Obasanjo waɗii hakkunde kaaldigal jam hakkunde laamu Ecoppi e fedde wiyeteende Tigre e les njiimaandi Dental Afrik, haa arti noon e dartagol wolde Tigre ñalnde 2 noowammbar 2022.[269] E hitaande 2025, Obasanjo toɗɗaama yo won hakkundeejo e nder renndo Afrik fuɗnaange e renndo ƴellitaare Afrik worgo e nder leydi Konngo e nder kampaañ M23 (2022–hannde).[270] Jaŋde ɓeydaande E lewru desaambar 2017, Obasanjo ƴetti doktoraa mum. tesis e nder diine to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde leydi Najeriya. Miijo politik To bannge miijooji, Obasanjo ko ngenndiyanke Najeriya.[27] O ɗon mari haaje yidde lesdi Naajeeriya e nuɗɗinki dow Naajeeriya foti jogaago lesdi-leydi woore, naa ngam senndindirki dow laabi lenyol.[275] E hitaande 2001, o hollitii wonde faandaare makko juutnde ko "moƴƴinde kala sifaa ɓiyleydaagu so wonaa ɓiyleydaagu leydi Nijeer". O wi'i ɓustugo lesdi Naajeeriya dow laabi le'i, ɗum waddan laɓɓinki le'i e fitinaaji ɗi yi'aama wakkati hareeji Yugoslawi nder kitaale 1990.[275] Iliffe wi'i Obasanjo'en lesdi Naajeeriya ɗon mari bawɗe ngam o wurti diga yimɓe mawɓe Yoruba'en e wakkati maako nder konu, haa o huwi bee sooje'en diga lenyol feere-feere.[27] Demokaraasi ina waawi waasde jogaade ƴellitaare faggudu yaawnde walla ngalu kono ko ɗum, ko famɗi fof, mbaadi laamu ɓurndi moƴƴude haa jooni, ndi addanta ko ɓuri heewde e yimɓe tawtoreede no haanirta nii e nder peeje e geɗe jowitiiɗe e laamu mum en. Demokaraasi ko cuɓal ngal laamɓe ɓuri yiɗde... E nder ngonka leydi Naajeeriya, demokaraasi ko kañum tan woni koolaaɗo kuuɓal baawɗo hawrude e pelle leslese ceertuɗe e nder leñol jogiingol daɗndo ngootaagu, potal e darnde wootere e nder dumunna. — Olusegun Obasanjo ko faati e demokaraasi, hitaande 1990[276] Iliffe hollitii wonde teeŋtinde politik nanondiral ko "kuulal gonngal dow ngal" e nder nguurndam Obasanjo fof.[68] Nde o woni e laamu e kitaale 1970, Obasanjo hollitii ñiŋooje makko e "luulndaare juɓɓule" e laamu nguu.[109] E miijo makko, ɗum "ina luurdi no feewi e ko ɓuri heewde e pinal e golle politik Afrik."[161] E nder nokkuuji ɗo o luulndii laamu nguu, o miijii wonde lanndaaji luulndiiɗi ɗii ina poti waɗde heen geɗe moƴƴe,[161] e wonde politikaaji ɗii ina poti jokkude njiylawu nanondiral, wonaa waɗde luural ko juuti. O sikki wonde pottital politik ina jogii batte cemmbinɗe, ɗe nganndu-ɗaa ina teskaa e leydi ƴellitoori hono Nijeer, kadi deeƴre ina foti reeneede.[109] Obasanjo ɗon wolwa haa batu hitaande 2014, kawtal Banki Afriknaajo ngam ɓamtaare lesdi Kigali Nde o mettini e ko o yi’i ko ina wona ŋakkeende laamu demokaraasi wakilaagu e nder fuɗɗoode kitaale 1980, Obasanjo fuɗɗii hollirde ballal mum e dowla gooto e nder leydi Najeriya. O wiyi noon wonde ooɗoo dowla gooto ina foti wallitde yimɓe fof e nder laamu, teddinde jojjanɗe aadee, e reende ndimaagu haalde.[161] Caggal mum e kitaale 1980, o jeertinii eɓɓaande dowla lanndaaji ɗiɗi ɗi Babangida ƴettunoo, o miijii wonde so Babangida ina miijo lannda hakkunde-nano e hakkunde-nyaamo ina kaɓa hakkunde mum en, alaa e sago ɗum ƴellitoo haa wonta lannda gooto lomtotooɗo Kerecee’en fuɗnaange, lannda goɗɗo oo lomtotooɗo juulɓe fuɗnaange][16]. O wi'i haa nokkuure nden o wi'i walaa keerol dow limngal lanndaaji siyaasaaku ɗi mbaawata sosde, koo ngam o wi'i to ɗum waawataa waɗugo nden Naajeeriya laatoto lesdi lannda woore.[161] E nder njiimaandi Dental Sowiyet e fuɗɗoode kitaale 1990 e yah-ngartaa caggal ɗuum feewde e politik lanndaaji keewɗi e nder Afrik, Obasanjo kadi wonti balloowo lanndaaji keewɗi Jaɓɓungal e ndonu Statue Olusegun Obasanjo to Owerri, diiwaan Imo, leydi Najeriya. John Iliffe siftinii Obasanjo wonde "tergal ɓurngal teeŋtude e yonta ɗiɗaɓo ardiiɓe Afrik jeyaaɓe e leydi ndii, ɓe ndarni koye mum en ngam semmbinde dowlaaji mum en caggal koloñaal".[275] O sikki ko geɗe nay mawɗe ɗe Obasanjo waɗi e laamu mum : o jokki e jogaade heen geɗel gootel e nder leydi ndii, o jokki e jogaade doole e nder leydi ndii, o wallitorii sosde Dental Afrik, o ustii ñamaale leydi ndii caggal leydi.[248] E lewru desaambar 1999, tolno jaɓgol makko ina tolnoo e 84% ; e hitaande 2001 ko 72% ; e lewru suwee 2003 nde ustii haa 39%.[234] Obasanjo ina tuumanoo laabi keewɗi fenaande e nder nguurndam mum fof, hay so tawii noon kanko e hoore makko o wiyi wonde golle makko ko goonga.[229] Ɓeen ñiŋooɓe Obasanjo ina cikki wonde caggal nde o nanngaa e kasoo e kitaale 1990, o ɓeydii faamde wonde ko o neɗɗo masiŋ, o woppii neɗɗaagu makko, o ɓeydii kadi tiiɗnaade e goongɗinde wonde ko ɗum woni darnde makko nde Alla yamiri ngam laamaade leydi Najeriya.[299] Ɓeen ñiŋooɓe Obasanjo ina cikki wonde o bonnii laamu, haa teeŋti noon e manndaa makko ɗiɗaɓo, o wonti ko miijo jogaade laamu haa abada.[282] E nder manndaa makko gadano e nder laamu, o dañii heen gaññeeje e banndiraaɓe makko Yoruba en, ɓe cikkatnoo ko o fotnoo waɗde ko ɓuri ɗum ngam ɓamtude nafooje leñol makko e nder laamu.[300] Caggal nde o nanngaa, Obasanjo wiyi wonde ñiŋooje ina kuutoree tan ngam tabitinde « goonga e haala am » e hollirde ñiŋooje makko « bonɗe e nder aduna dogɗo e bonɗo ».[299] Defte ɗe obasanjo winndi Watch am Volume 1: Nguurndam arano e konu Watch am Volume 2: Geɗe politik e renndo Watch am Volume 3: Jooni e ndeen Yamiroore am Nzeogwu Daaba Wiyeteeɗo Neɗɗo Fajiri Keso Thabo Mbeki mo anndi Afrik E Gite Patriot Waɗde Afrik ina golla: Deftere janngirnde Waɗde nanondiral e jokkondiral Amerik e Afrik: yeewtere joyaɓere nde David M. Abshire rokki, ñalnde 15 lewru Duujal hitaande 1987 Afrik e nder Yiyngo Ɓataakeeji ngam waylude aduna: Gila e Pankhurst haa e Orwell Wonaa Yiɗde am Golle Demokaraasi : Rewindaade politik ngam nafoore Afrik Watch am Caɗeele Ardorde e nder Afrik Gaañanɗe wolde : Coodguuli ƴellitaare e nder Sudaan worgo Ardiiɓe ngam duwaawu moƴƴo Caɗeele peewnugol ndema e kisal nguura e nder Afrik Haɓde e caɗeele sukaaɓe Afrik e ŋakkeende nguura : darnde ndema Afrik e nder sosde golle Dust Suspended: Ciimtol nguurndam koloñaal, caggal leydi e nguurndam dipolomaasi 1953 haa 1986 Afrik e lewru marse: deftere ngam faggudu leydi ndii Suɓngooji Afrik teeŋtuɗi : Noddaango ngam ƴellitde laawol Pan-Afrik Njeenaaje e teddungal 1981–87, tergal, Goomu UNESCO ngam jam e nder hakkillaaji worɓe 1983–89 Tergal, Goomu keeriiɗo ngam ustude kaɓirɗe e kisal (Goomu Olaf Palme) 1983, tergal Goomu annduɓe OMS ko faati e batte kaɓirɗe nukliyeer 1986, hooreejo fedde yimɓe mawɓe Commonwealth ko faati e Afrik worgo 1986, tergal, Goomu Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe ko faati e Neɗɗo Toowɗo ko faati e jokkondiral hakkunde Ƴellitaare e Ƴellitaare 1987–93, gardiiɗo fedde winndereere ɓurnde moƴƴude, Wasinton D.C. 1988–89, Sosɗo e hooreejo, Fedde Ardorde Afrik e hooreejo, Yiilirde Ngenndiire, Fooyre Ardorde Afrik Inc. New York 1988 (mee), hooreejo, Heɗto Namibi, Fedde Adunaare Eklesiyaaji, Wasinton D.C 1988–99, Jaagorgal keeringal to Duɗal Adunawal Demal Toowngal, Ibadan 1989, tergal teddungal, Goomu toppitiingu njeenaari yimɓe Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe 1989, tergal, Fedde nde wonaa laamuyankoore ngam ƴellitaare kaalis wonande leyɗeele ƴellitiiɗe (Komisiyoŋ Schmidt) 1989 Tergal, Goomu Wagginoore, Parlemaa Golle Adunaaje 1989–99, hooreejo, Goomu Wagginooji, Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe (TI) 1990, tergal, Goomu Wagginoore, Duɗal Etikaaji Aduna Tergal, Yiilirde Ngenndiire, duɗal Afriknaajo Ameriknaajo 1991–93, Bayyinoowo, Fedde Afrik lewru kala 1991, tergal, Diiso yimɓe mawɓe, Reso kaaldigal hakkunde leyɗeele, Carter Center to Duɗal Jaaɓi-haaɗtirde Emory, Atlanta 1991, tergal, Diiso Wasiyaaji, Njeenaari Nguura Aduna, Des Moines, Iowa 1992, tergal, fedde toppitiinde ko fayti e kaalis Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe (Fondation Ford) 1993–95, tergal, Goomu Wasiyaaji Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe ko faati e Afrik 1994 – Yiylotooɗo laawɗuɗo wooteeji to Mosammbik e noddaango laamu Mosammbik 1994–99 Tergal, Goomu Wagginoore, Goomu Carnegies ngam haɗde hareeji maayɗi 1995–99, ko o gardiiɗo PNUD ngam ƴellitaare aadee Joom mum e mawɗo Promoter, Duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde karallaagal Bells, Ota.[22] Ƴeew kadi Defterdu hooreejo leydi Olusegun Obasanjo Tuugnorgal sg1fwtbgiokmpgcnc2t1ry9u0zcljqw 175864 175859 2026-06-23T09:23:21Z Ilya Discuss 10103 #1Lib1Ref 175864 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Mawɗo Olusegun Matthew Okikiola''' Ogunboye Aremu Obasanjo GCFR (// C; Yoruba: Olúṣẹ́gun Ọbásanjọ́ [ōlúʃɛ́ɡũ̄ ɔ̄básã̄d͡ʒɔ́] R; jibinaa ko c. ndema, e gonnooɗo seneraal konu gonnooɗo hooreejo leydi Naajeeriya gila 1976 haa 1979, caggal ɗuum o woni hooreejo leydi ndii gila 1999 haa 2007. To bannge miijo, ko o ngenndiyanke Naajeeriya, o jeyaa ko e lannda Demokaraasi Leƴƴi (PDP) gila 1998 haa 2019. Obasanjo jibinaa ko e wuro Ibogun-Olaogun, e nder galle remoowo, jeyaaɗo e leñol Owu, Obasanjo janngi ko ɓuri heewde e wuro wiyeteengo Abeokuta, to diiwaan Ogun. O naati konu leydi Naajeeriya, o janngi ko faati e inndeeji, o golliima to Konngo, Angalteer, e Inndo, o arti e darnde Major. E darorɗe kitaale 1960, o waɗii darnde mawnde e haɓaade seernaaɓe Biafra e nder wolde hakkunde leyɗeele Nijeer, o jaɓi dogde e hitaande 1970. E hitaande 1975, kuudetaa konu sosi junta e Obasanjo e nder laamu mum tati. Caggal nde hooreejo triumvirate, hono Murtala Muhammed, waraa e hitaande rewtunde ndee, Diiso toowngo konu toɗɗii Obasanjo hooreejo leydi ndii. Jokkude politik Murtala, Obasanjo ƴeewtindiima taƴgol bidsee e yaajnude jaŋde ekkolaaji ɗi ngalaa njoɓdi. Ɓesdugo hawtuki lesdi Naajeeriya bee lesdi Amerika, o teddini kadi ballal pelle luutndiiɗe laamu ɓaleeɓe pamari nder Afrika woylaare. Obasanjo ɗon mari haaje wartirgo demokaraasi, o ardi woote 1979, ɓaawo man o hokki laamu lesdi Naajeeriya haa hooreejo lesdi siwil keso, Shehu Shagari. Ndeen Obasanjo artii e golle mum to Ota, Ogun, ɗo o wonti demoowo, o yaltini defte nay, o tawtoraama eɓɓooji winndereeji ngam joofnude hareeji Afrik ceertuɗi. E hitaande 1993, Sani Abacha heɓti laamu e kuudetaa konu. Obasanjo ina ñiŋa laamu Abacha e peeñcu, e hitaande 1995 o nanngaa, o ñaawaa wonde o jeyaa ko e kuudetaa peewnaaɗo, hay so tawii o seppii wonde o alaa ella. Nde o woni e kasoo ndee, o wonti Kerecee’en jibinaaɗo, tawi ko providentialism ina tiiɗtini no feewi e yi’annde makko aduna caggal ɗuum. O woppitaama caggal maayde Abacha e hitaande 1998. Obasanjo naati e politik wooteeji, o wonti kanndidaa PDP e wooteeji hooreleydaagu 1999, ɗi o dañi. Ko o hooreejo leydi, o woppi politik militeer en, kamɓe ɗiɗo fof ɓe njaajni polis, ɓe moofti konu ngam haɓaade fitinaaji leƴƴi, diineeji, e seernaaɓe jaajɗi. O itti sooje'en lesdi Naajeeriya diga lesdi Siyeraa Leone, o hokki hukuumaaji pamari feere-feere ngam ustugo ceede lesdi ndi'i. O artiraa e woote 2003. E nder miijooji Pan-Afrik, o woniino daraniiɗo no feewi sosde Dental Afrik, o woniino hooreejo mayre tuggi 2004 haa 2006. Eɓɓooje Obasanjo ngam waylude doosɗe leydi ngam ittude keeri manndaa hooreejo leydi, ɗe njahraani no haanirta nii, ɗe ngaddani ɗum ñiŋooje. Caggal nde o woppi golle, o heɓi doktoraa makko e ganndal diine to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde National Open to leydi Najeriya. == Nguurndam gadano == Baaba Olusegun Obasanjo, Obasanjo Bankole, jeyaa ko e ardiiɓe hoɗɓe e sosɓe wuro Igbogun Olaogun e fuɗɗoode kitaale 1920. Hay so tawii ko o demoowo keewɗo jawdi, o jom jawdi en, omo hiisee wonde miskiino sabu o jeyaaka e yimɓe jannguɓe e nder leydi Yoruba. Bankole hawri e Bernice Ashabi, njulaagu tokooso to Igbogun, kamɓe ɗiɗo fof ɓe resndi. Ɓeeɗoo ɗiɗo ina njogii ɓiɓɓe ɗiɗo heddiiɓe e nder jeegom : Olusegun e Adunni Oluwola, miñiiko debbo gooto. E wiyde paaspoor makko, Olusegun Obasanjo jibinaa ko ñalnde 5 marse 1937 hay so tawii noon alaa ko winndaa e mum hannde, ñalngu nguu ko limto ɓadiiɗo. Olusegun ko jeyaaɗo e Laamu Owu. O mawni ko e Baptiste. Debbo makko caggal mum naati lislaam ngam resde gorko juulɗo.[9] E duuɓi sappo e go'o, o naati duɗal leslesal wuro ngo,[10] caggal duuɓi tati, e hitaande 1951, o naati duɗal Baptist Day to nokku Owu to Abeokuta.[11] E hitaande 1952 o arti e duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde sukaaɓe Baptist,[12] kadi e nder wuro ngo. Feccere e njoɓdi duɗal makko ko dokke laamu.[13] Obasanjo waɗii ko moƴƴi e jaŋde,[14] e nder duɗal o wonti Boy Scout keewɗo faayiida.[15] Hay so tawii alaa ko holliti wonde e oon sahaa o tawtoraama kala pelle politik,[15] ko e nder duɗal hakkundeewal Obasanjo salii innde makko adannde "Matthew" ngam wonde golle luulndiiɗe koloñaal.[16] E nder ɗuum, baaba Obasanjo woppi debbo mum e sukaaɓe mum ɗiɗo.[17] Nde o yani e baasal, yumma Obasanjo ina foti golloraade njulaagu ngam wuurde.[15] Ngam yoɓugo ceede janngirde maako, Obasanjo ɗon huuwa haa gese kakawo e kola, ɗon ligga, ɗon mooɓa leɗɗe, ɗon sooda ceene mahooɓe. E nder balɗe udditgol duɗal ngal kadi o golliima e duɗal ngal, omo taƴa huɗo e golle juuɗe goɗɗe.[18] E hitaande 1956, Obasanjo waɗi jaŋde mum hakkundeere, caggal nde o ñamli kaalis ngam yoɓde njoɓdi naatgol.[19] E oon hitaande kadi, o fuɗɗii jokkondirde e Oluremi Akinlawon, ɓiy Owu mawɗo station. Ɓe ndarniino dewgal haa hitaande 1958.[20] O yalti duɗal, o fayi Ibadan, o ƴetti golle jannginde. Ko ɗoon o jooɗii e ekzamen naatgol to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Ibadan, kono hay so o jaɓii o tawi o waawaa yoɓde njoɓdi jaŋde.[19] Ndeen Obasanjo fellitii jokkude golle mum e nder konu leydi Najeriya, ngam heɓde ngal gollal, e hitaande 1958 o jaabiima eɓɓoore ngam janngude ofiseeji cadet e nder konu leydi Najeriya.[21][22] == Fuɗɗoode golle konu (1958-1966) == == Heblo konu: 1958-1959 == E lewru marse 1958, Obasanjo naati e konu leydi Najeriya.[23] O yi’i ɗum ko fartaŋŋe jokkude jaŋde makko tawa omo heɓa njoɓdi;[24] o humpitaaki ɗoon e ɗoon ɓesngu makko, o hulii wonde jibnaaɓe makko ina njaɓa ɗum.[25] Ko e oon sahaa konu leydi Najeriya ina jokki e juuɗe laamu koloñaal leydi Najeriya, ngam heblude ndimaagu leydi Najeriya timmungu, kadi ina waɗi eɓɓooje ngam heɓde yimɓe leydi Najeriya ɓurɓe heewde e nder darnde konu mum.[25] Ndeen o neldaama to duɗal jaŋde ofiseeji jooɗɗi to Teshie to leydi Gana.[23] Nde o woni caggal leydi, o neldi ɓataakeeji e dokke to jom suudu makko to leydi Najeriya.[20] E lewru suwee 1958, o suɓaa ngam ɓeydaade heblo lebbi jeegom to duɗal Mons Officer Cadet to Aldershot, to fuɗnaange Angalteer. Obasanjo yiɗaa ɗum toon, o sikkatnoo ko ɗum juɓɓule njiyaagu e njiyaagu, o tawi ina saɗi ko jokkondiri e dumunna Engele ɓurɗo toowde e ɓuuɓde.[26] Nde semmbini miijooji makko bonɗi e laamu Biritaan e hakke mum laamaade e dow laamuuji mum koloñaal en.[24] To Mons, o heɓi komisoŋ e seedantaagal to bannge innde. Nde Obasanjo woni to leydi Angalteer, yumma mum maayi. Baaba makko ndeen maayi ko hitaande caggal ɗuum.[27] E hitaande 1959, Obasanjo arti Nijeer. Ko ɗoon o artiraa to Kaduna, o woni subaltern infanterie e bataliyoŋ joyaɓo.[27] Wakkati maako haa Kaduna woni wakkati arandejum nde Obasanjo jooɗi haa nokkure nde juulɓe ɗuuɗi.[27] Ko nde o woni toon, e lewru Oktoobar 1960, leydi Nijeer wonti leydi ndimaagu.[28][22] == Kiiriis Konngo: 1960-1961 == == Ƴeew kadi: Kiriis Konngo == Caggal ɗuum seeɗa, bataliyoŋ joyaɓo neldaa to Konngo ngam jeyeede e konu Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe ngam haɓaade jam. Ko ɗoon bataliyoŋ oo woni e nder diiwaan Kivu, tawi ko ɗoon woni Bukavu.[28] To leydi Konngo, Obasanjo e woɗɓe ina njoginoo darnde reende siwil en, haa arti noon e leñol Belsik, e soldateeɓe murtuɓe e laamu Patrice Lumumba.[28] E lewru feebariyee 1961, Obasanjo nanngaa e juuɗe murtuɓe nde o ummotoo e misiyoŋaaji katolik en e nder dingiral sara Bukavu. Mutinooɓe ɓee miijinoo ko warde mo kono ɓe njamiraama yo ɓe njaltu. E lewru mee 1961, bataliyoŋ joyaɓo ummii Konngo, arti Najeriya.[28] E nder wolde nde, o toɗɗaama kapiteen wakkati.[24] O teskiima caggal ɗuum wonde sahaa mo o woni e Konngo oo ina semmbina "fervour pan-africain" bataliyoŋ makko.[28] == Gartugol e leydi Konngo: 1961-1966 == Nde o arti, Obasanjo soodi oto makko gadano, o naati e opitaal ko juuti sabu rafi reedu. Nde o selli, o artiraa e Korse Innjiniyaaruuji konu. E hitaande 1962 o jooɗii to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Royal College to Angalteer. Ko ɗoon o ɓuri waawde, o siforaa ko "almuudo Commonwealth ɓurɗo waawde". Oon hitaande, o yoɓi Akinlawon ngam yahde Londres ɗo o waawi naatde e kursus heblo. Ɓeeɗoo ɗiɗo resndi ɗum ko e lewru suwee 1963 to biro binnditagol Camberwell Green, ɓe nganndini ɓesnguuji maɓɓe tan caggal nde ɓe mbaɗi hiirde ndee.E ndeen hitaande, Obasanjo yamiraama yo o hoot to leydi Nijeer, hay so tawii debbo makko ina heddii to Londres duuɓi tati goɗɗi ngam timminde jaŋde makko. Nde o naati Naajeeriya, Obasanjo hoosi ardungal konu Innjiniyaaruuji ladde, jooɗiiɗum haa Kaduna. E nder konu, Obasanjo ina jokki e yahrude yeeso e nder darɗe, o wonti mawɗo e hitaande 1965. O huutoriima ngalu makko ngam soodde leydi, e fuɗɗoode kitaale 1960 o heɓi jawdi to Ibadan, Kaduna, e Lagos. E hitaande 1965, Obasanjo neldaa leydi Inndo. E nder laawol, o yilliima debbo makko to Londres. To leydi Indiya, o janngi to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde toppitiingal ko fayti e cellal to Wellington, caggal ɗuum to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Innjiniyaaruuji to Poona. Obasanjo hulɓinii e heege nde o seedtii e nder leydi Indiya hay so tawii o ƴettii nafoore e pinal leydi ndii, huunde nde addani mo janngude defte diineeji nannditooji. == Hare nder leydi Naajeeriya == == Winndannde mawnde: Hare nder leydi Najeriya == == Golle makko ko adii wolde hakkunde leyɗeele: 1966-1967 == Obasanjo ummi Naajeeriya nder lewru January hitaande 1966 ngam heɓugo lesdi ndi'i nder kuudetaa konu ngu Major Emmanuel Ifeajuna ardii. Obasanjo ina jeyaa e jeertinɓe wonde ngonka kaa ina waawi jippaade e wolde nder leydi.O hollitii wonde maa o won hakkunde ƴaañooɓe kuudetaa e laamu siwil, ngu rokki laamu nguu e juuɗe hooreejo konu Johnson Aguiyi-Ironsi. Nde kuudetaa oo ronki, Olusegun hawri e Ironsi to Lagos. Ironsi ɓooyaani ko timmini fedde nde e nder leydi Najeriya rewrude e yamiroore mum kawral e lewru mee 1966, huunde nde ɓuuɓni jiiɓru leƴƴi. E darorɗe lewru sulyee, kuudetaa ɗiɗmo waɗi. To wuro Ibadan, sooja'en iwdi woyla lesdi Naajeeriya ɗon ƴama, ɓe mbari Ironsi, ɓe mbari fodde teemeɗɗe ɗiɗi sooje'en ko ɓuri ɗuuɗugo ɓe iwdi lesdi Naajeeriya. Seneraal Yaakubu Gowon heɓti laamu. Nde ooɗoo kuudetaa waɗata nde Obasanjo wonnoo ko to Maiduguri. Nande ɗum, o yaawi hootde Kaduna. Ko ɗoon o tawi konu worgo ummoriiɗo e bataliyoŋ tataɓo ina ronka, ina torloo, ina wara soldateeɓe Igbo en. Gomnaajo lesdi Naajeeriya, Hassan Katsina, annditi dow koo ngam Olusegun naa Igbo, bana no o woni mo woylaare lesdi Naajeeriya, o ɗon nder ɓilla haa sooja'en murtuɓe. Ngam reenaade ɓe, Katsina neldi Olusegun e debbo mum ngarta Maiduguri balɗe sappo, tawi fitinaaji ɗii ina ustoo. Caggal ɗuum, Obasanjo neldi debbo mum to Lagos, tawi omo hoota Kaduna kanko e hoore makko, o woni ɗoon haa lewru Yarkomaa 1967. E oon sahaa ko kanko woni ofisee Yoruba ɓurɗo mawnude tawaaɗo to bannge worgo. E lewru Yarkomaa 1967, Obasanjo toɗɗaama to Lagos ngam wonde mawɗo Injineer konu.Hare hakkunde leƴƴi Igbo e leƴƴi worgo ina jokki e ɓeydaade, e lewru mee, ofisee konu Igbo C. Odumegwu Ojukwu hollitii jeytaare nokkuuji ɓurɗi heewde Igbo e nder fuɗnaange-rewo leydi Bi. Ñalnde 3 lewru juko, laamu leydi Najeriya neldi Obasanjo to Ibadan ngam wonde hooreejo leydi Hirnaange.Hare hakkunde konu leydi Najeriya e seernaaɓe Biafran fuɗɗii ko ñalnde 6 lewru juko. Ñalnde 9 sulyee, Ojukwu neldi koloñaal konu Biafra dow pont Niiseer ngam yiɗde heɓtude Mid-West, nokku ɗo ɓe mbaawi ummoraade Lagos. Obasanjo yiɗiino uddude laabi jahduɗi e wuro ngo. Komandaajo Yoruba biyeteeɗo Victor Banjo, ardinooɗo konu njanngu Biafran, etinooma waawnude Obasanjo yoo ɓe njaltu, kono o salii. == Kuugal konu lesdi: 1967-1970 == "Kolonel Olu Obasanjo, gardinooɗo diɗɗal tataɓal". Jaaynde Naajeeriya keso, hello 7, 12 lewru Yarkomaa 1970. Gagga hare nder leydi Naajeeriya e Biafra. Ndeen Obasanjo toɗɗaama hooreejo caggal diɗɗal ɗiɗaɓal Murtala Muhammed, gollotoongal to Mid-Ouest. Obasanjo woni ko e jooɗaade to Ibadan, ko kañum halfinaa Division ɗiɗaɓo oo jogaade kaɓirɗe. E nder wuro ngo, Obasanjo jannginii course ganndal konu to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Ibadan, o mahi jokkondiral makko e nder elite Yoruba. E nder wolde nde, wonno ko jiiɓru mawndu e nder Dowla Hirnaange, ngam daɗde e ɗeen caɗeele, Obasanjo woppi golle mum e nder Diiso doosɗe Hirnaange.Nde Obasanjo woɗɗi Ibadan e lewru noowammbar 1968, gure jogiiɗe kaɓirɗe ɗe fedde remooɓe Agbekoya moofti, njani e galle laamorɗo Ibadan. Konuuji ɗii njaabtii, mbari sappo e fitinaaji ɗii. Nde Obasanjo arti o yamiri yo ñaawirde ƴeewto kewuuji ɗii. == Yamiroore konu: 1967-1970 == "Kolonel Olu Obasanjo, gardinooɗo diɗɗal tataɓal". Jaaynde Naajeeriya keso, hello 7, 12 lewru Yarkomaa 1970. Gagga hare nder leydi Naajeeriya e Biafra. Ndeen Obasanjo toɗɗaama hooreejo caggal diɗɗal ɗiɗaɓal Murtala Muhammed, gollotoongal to Mid-Ouest. Obasanjo ina jooɗii to Ibadan, ko kañum halfinaa Division ɗiɗaɓo oo jogaade kaɓirɗe. E nder wuro ngo, Obasanjo jannginii course ganndal konu to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Ibadan, o mahi jokkondiral makko e nder elite Yoruba. E nder wolde nde, wonno ko jiiɓru mawndu e nder Dowla Hirnaange, ngam daɗde e ɗeen geɗe, Obasanjo woppi golle e nder Diiso doosɗe Dowla Hirnaange. Nde Obasanjo woɗɗi Ibadan e lewru noowammbar 1968, wuro ngo ina jogii balɗe, ngo fedde remooɓe Agbekoya moofti, yani e galle laamorɗo Ibadan. Konuuji ɗii njaabtii, mbari sappo e fitinaaji ɗii. Nde Obasanjo arti o yamiri yo ñaawirde ƴeewto kewuuji ɗii. Gowon felliti lomtaade Kolonel Benjamin Adekunle, ardinooɗo njanngu Biafra, kono ina haani Yoruba mawɗo goɗɗo. O suɓii ko Obasanjo, hay so tawii noon o alaa humpito hare. Obasanjo arii Port Harcourt ngam heɓtude golle ɗee ñalnde 16 mee 1969 ; o ardii hannde hakkunde 35 000 e 40 000 soldaat. O waɗii jonte jeegom gadane ɗee ko e riiwtude njangu Biafran e Aba. O yilliima kala nokku e yeeso, o gaañiiɗo e waɗde ɗum. Ɗee golle ngaddi mo innde cuusal e nder worɓe makko E lewru desaambar, Obasanjo fuɗɗii golle Finishing Touch, yamiri konu mum yo yahru yeeso feewde Umuahia, ngu ɓe ƴetti ñalnde Natal. Ɗum taƴii Biafra e feccere. Ñalnde 7 lewru Yarkomaa 1970, o ummini ndeen « Operation Tail-Wind », o heɓti laana ndiwoowa Uli ñalnde 12 lewru Yarkomaa. E oon sahaa, ardiiɓe Biafran njaɓi yoɓde. Ñalnde 13 lewru nduu, Obasanjo jokkondiri e komandaajo konu Biafran biyeteeɗo Philip Effiong. Obasanjo wi'i sooja'en Biafran hokka balmi maɓɓe, nden boo suɓol ardiiɓe lesdi ndi'i ɗon yaha Lagos, ɓe hokka Gowon dow laawol. Janngo mum, Obasanjo haali e rajo diiwaan oo, o wiyi ɓiɓɓe leydi ndi yo njokku e galleeji mum en, o dartina kisal mum en. Biafranaaɓe heewɓe e jaayɗe goɗɗe ina kuli wonde konu leydi Najeriya ina waawi waɗde bonanndeeji keewɗi e yimɓe foolɓe ɓee, hay so tawii noon Obasanjo ina yiɗi haɗde ɗum. O yamiri konu makko e nder diiwaan hee yo heddo e nder galleeji mum en, jokkude wonde polis nokku oo ina foti ƴettude kuule ngam ƴellitde sariya e deeƴre. Division tataɓo, ɓurɗo woɗɗude, waɗii hareeji warngooji e yimɓe nokku oo. Obasanjo ina tiiɗi e waɗooɓe bonannde ndee, sibu waɗɓe warngooji ɗii mberlaama, waɗɓe warngooji ɗii mbardaa. Laamu Gowon waɗi Obasanjo kalfinaaɗo naatnude Biafra e nder leydi Najeriya, e nder oon darnde o heɓi teddungal ngam teeŋtinde mawngu. Ko o injenieer, o teeŋtinii artirde jolngo ndiyam ; haa lewru mee 1970 gure mawɗe diiwaan oo fof njokkondirii e jolngo ndiyam. Darnde Obasanjo e timminde wolde nde waɗi mo jaambaaro wolde, kadi ko o neɗɗo ganndiraaɗo e nder leydi Najeriya. == Kuugal maako ɓaawo konu lesdi: 1970-1975 == E lewru suwee 1970, Obasanjo arti Abeokuta, jamaanu jaɓɓii mo no jaambaaro garoowo nii. Ndeen o neldaama to Lagos, o woni Brigadier gardinooɗo Korse Innjiniyankooɓe. E lewru oktoobar, Gowon hollitii wonde laamu militeer en ina rokka laamu nguu laamu siwil e hitaande 1976. E nder ɗuum, haɗde lanndaaji politik ina heddii e doole ; Gowon yahri yeeso seeɗa e sosde laamu siwil. E les laamu sooja'en, Obasanjo jooɗi nder goomu limngal sooja'en lesdi Naajeeriya, ko laarani limngal sooja'en lesdi Naajeeriya nder duuɓi 1970. E hitaande 1974 Obasanjo yahi to leydi Angalteer ngam janngude to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Royal College to bannge diine. Nde o arti, e lewru Yarkomaa 1975 Gowon toɗɗii mo Komisariyaa Golle e Koɗki, golle ɗe o joginoo fotde lebbi jeeɗiɗi, e nder ɗuum o ɓuri waawde mahde kaɓirɗe konu. E hitaande 1970, Obasanjo soodi sosiyatee Libannaajo ɓooyɗo to Ibadan, o gollini heen awokaa ngam ƴellitde ɗum. E hitaande 1973 o winnditii fedde wiyeteende Temperance Enterprises Limited, nde o waawi waɗde heen golle njulaagu caggal nde o woppi golle konu. O jokki kadi e waɗde heen jawdi ; e hitaande 1974 o joginoo galleeji ɗiɗi to Lagos e gooto fof to Ibadan e Abeokuta. Haalaaji ummii wonde Obasanjo ina jokki e waɗde njulaagu nguu ina ɓeydoo yaajde e nder leydi Najeriya, hay so tawii noon alaa ko holliti ɗum ko laaɓti. Dewgal makko e Oluremi wonti caɗeele nde o salii jokkondiral makko e rewɓe woɗɓe. E cakkital kitaale 1970 dewgal maɓɓe fusi. E hitaande 1976 o resi Stella Abebe e nder kewu aadaaji Yoruba. E nder laamu Murtala == Kuudetaa 1975 e caggal mum == Binndanɗe mawɗe: Kuudetaa laamu Nijeer e hitaande 1975 e Kawtal konu Nijeer (1966–1979) E lewru sulyee 1975, kuudetaa e gardagol Shehu Muusaa Yar’Adua e Yuusuf Garba liɓi Gowon, o dogi fayti Angalteer. Ɓe kaalaani Obasanjo e peeje maɓɓe nde tawnoo omo anndiraa wonde kuudetaa ko kuutorgal waylude laamu. Kuudetaaji ɗii njiɗnoo ko lomtinde laamu otokaraasi Gowon nguu e laamu tati (triumvirate) brigadieruuji tati ɗi Diiso Toowngo Konu ina waawi haɗde kuule mum en. Ngalɗoo laamu tati, ɓe cemmbini Seneraal Murtala Muhammed yo won hooreejo leydi, Obasanjo woni ɗiɗaɓo e gardagol mum, Danjuma woni tataɓo. Daartoowo biyeteeɗo John Iliffe teskiima wonde e nder triumvirate, Obasanjo ko « puccu gollordu e ngaandi » , ko kanko ɓuri yaawde hootde e laamu siwil. E nder heen, triumvirate oo naatni peeje ustude ngalu ngam haɗde inflation, sosi Biro toppitiiɗo ko fayti e golle bonɗe, lomtini guwerneeruuji militeer en ɗii fof ofiseeji kesi, ɓe cifotoo ko Obasanjo woni hooreejo konu, ɓe puɗɗii "Operation Deadwood" mo ɓe ndartini ofiseeji civil 11,000. == Mawɗo gollordu, suudu sarɗiiji: 1975–76 == E lewru oktoobar 1975, laamu nguu hollitii peeje ngam waɗde woote ɗe mbaɗata ngam laamu siwil e lewru oktoobar 1979. Ngu hollitii kadi peeje ngam sosde goomu ngam ƴettude doosgal leydi kesal, tawi ko Obasanjo ɓuri waawde suɓaade terɗe goomu nguu 49. E dow wasiyaaji Komiseer Irifeke, laamu nguu hollitii kadi sosde dowlaaji jeeɗiɗi kesi ; e dow tiiɗnaare Obasanjo, Abeokuta ina foti wonde laamorgo gooto e ɗeen dowlaaji kesi, hono Ogun. Kadi dow wasiyaaji komitiiru ndun, ɓe anndini anniyaaji seeɗa-seeɗa ngam wurtinki laamorgo lesdi Naajeeriya diga Lagos haa Abuja ɓurduɗum caka. E lewru Yarkomaa 1976, Obasanjo e Danjuma fof ƴettaa e jappeere Lietnaa-Seneraal. Murtala e Obasanjo fof ina ndartini darnde ngam haɗde koloñaal Oropnaaɓe jokkude e njiimaandi ɓaleeɓe tokosɓe e nder Afrik worgo, ɗum noon ko huunde nde ɓe cuɓii e politik maɓɓe caggal leydi. Ngolɗoo sabaabu ina ɓeydoo wontude ngoƴa Obasanjo. Caggal nde Angolaa heɓti jeytaare mum e juuɗe Portigaal, wolde ɓesngu addi e leydi hee. Naajeeriya anndi laabi laamu ngu MPLA, fedde marxist en nde Dental Sowiyet walli, sabu laamu luulndiingu FNLA e UNITA ina mballita e laamu ɓaleeɓe tokosɓe to Afrik worgo. Ko jiidaa e rokkude MPLA ballal kaalis, Niiseer fuɗɗiima ƴattaade leyɗeele Afrik goɗɗe ngam kadi jaɓde njuɓɓudi MPLA, e fuɗɗoode hitaande 1976 ko ɓuri heewde e dowlaaji e nder Fedde Ngootaagu Afrik (OAU) mbaɗii ɗum. E lewru feebariyee 1976, Obasanjo ardii delegaasiyoŋ Najeriya ngam mawninde hitaande MPLA to Luanda, ɗo o wiyi : « ko ñalngu maantiniingu, ko ɗum fuɗɗoode hare sakkitiinde ngam haɓaade koloñaal, imperiyaalisma e njiyaagu e nder Afrik ». == Warngo Murtala : 13 feebariyee 1976 == E lewru feebariyee 1976, kolonel Buka Suka Dimka waɗi kuudetaa e laamu Nijeer, tawi ko ndeen Seneraal Murtala Muhammed waraa. Eɓɓoore kadi waɗaama e nguurndam Obasanjo, kono neɗɗo mo fotaani waraa. Dimka ŋakkiraa ballal mawngal e nder militeer en, kuudetaa makko ronki, ɗum addani mo dogde. Obasanjo tawtoraaki wirwirnde Murtala to Kano, kono o hollitii laamu nguu ina jogori yoɓde mahngo juulirde e nokku ɗo o wirnaa ɗoo. Caggal nde o waraa, Obasanjo tawtoraama batu Diiso Toowngo Konu. O hollitii yiɗde makko woppude laamu, kono Diiso ngoo heɓiino ɗaɓɓude yo o lomto Murtala e gardagol leydi ndii. Ko ɗum waɗi o wonti hooreejo diiso ngoo.E nder kulhuli makko e ɓeydagol eɓɓooji e nguurndam makko, Obasanjo naati e nder kasoo Dodan, tawi 39 neɗɗo tuumaaɗo wonde e nder kuudetaa Dimka mbaraa, ɗum jibini tuumeede wonde jaabawol Obasanjo ngol ina heewi. Ko Obasanjo woni hooreejo leydi ndi, o huniima jokkude dawrugol Murtala. == Hooreejo leydi konu (1976-1979) == == Triumvirat konu == E anndude kulhuli gonɗi e woɗɗude yimɓe woyla Naajeeriya, Obasanjo addi Seneraal Shehu Yar'Adua ngam lomtaade mo e ɗiɗaɓo e gardagol hooreejo konu, gardiiɗo jaagorɗe toowɗo timminoowo triumvirate militeer en, Obasanjo woni hooreejo leydi e Seneraal Theophilus Stajumabli ngam laamaade dow tato we- laamu konu. Obasanjo hirjinii jeewte e nanondiral hakkunde Diiso Toowngo Konu. Heewɓe ina kaawaa hol ko waɗi Obasanjo – hono Yoruba e Kerecee – toɗɗaade Yar’Adua, tergal e aristokraasi worgo, yo won gardiiɗo ɗiɗaɓo mum, wonaa banndiiko Yoruba Kerecee. Obasanjo teeŋtinii kulhuli ngenndiiji e dow ɗi diiwanuuji ɗii ; o hirjini sukaaɓe e mawɓe fof nde njanngata fodoore ngenndiire hesere ndee e jimɗi ngenndiiji ɗii. Nafoore heɓde miijooji ɓurɗi yaajde, ñalnde aset kala omo waɗa seminar mo alaa ko woni e mum so wonaa toɓɓere nde yimɓe ɓe ngonaa politikaaji e gollotooɓe laamu noddata. Ina jeyaa e ɓe o ɗaɓɓirta wasiyaaji mum en, annduɓe lislaam e mawɓe aadaaji. == Politik faggudu == Obasanjo wondude e hooreejo leydi Amerik biyeteeɗo Jimmy Carter to galle laamorɗo Amerik e hitaande 1977 E cakkital kitaale 1970, leydi Naajeeriya ina joginoo faggudu ɓurndu heewde doole, tawi noon ko 34% e inflation. Ngam haɓugo bee caɗeele faggudu lesdi Naajeeriya, Obasanjo tokki dabareeji cemmbiɗinki ceede ngam ustugo ceede laamu. E nder bidsee makko 1976, Obasanjo eɓɓi ustude njoɓdi laamu nguu fotde feccere, ustude eɓɓaaɗe tedduɗe, tawa ina ɓeyda njoɓdi jaŋde, cellal, galleeji, e ndema. O sosi kadi goomu ngam haɓaade inflation, e nder hitaande wootere caggal nde Obasanjo heɓi laamu, inflation ustii haa 30%. Obasanjo ina heewi yiɗde ñamlude kaalis, kono e ballal Banke Adunayankeewo e Fonds Monétaire International, Nijeer ƴetti ñamlude miliyaaruuji 1 dolaar e fedde bankeeji. Ɓeen ñiŋooɓe leftist en mbiyi wonde waɗde ɗum ina addana leydi ndii ɗooftaade kapitaalisma. E nder duuɓi ɗiɗi garooji ɗii, laamu Obasanjo, Nijeer ƴettii 4 983 miliyoŋ dolaar goɗɗo. Naajeeriya ina wondi e ɓeydagol fotde 3% hitaande kala e nder kitaale 1970, huunde nde fotnoo ɓeydaade fotde laabi ɗiɗi e nder duuɓi 25 seeɗa. Obasanjo teskiima caggal ɗuum wonde o anndaa ɗum e oon sahaa, sibu laamu makko alaa politik e ƴellitde yimɓe. Ɓeydagol yimɓe leydi Naajeeriya addani ɓe ɓeydaade yaawde e nder gure mawɗe e ŋakkeende cuuɗi e nder gure. Ngam haɓaade ɗum, bidsee Obasanjo e hitaande 1976 hollitii peeje mahngo 200 000 galle keso haa hitaande 1980, hay so tawii noon ko 28 500 tan mahaa.E hitaande 1976, laamu Obasanjo kadi hollitii wonde ina jogori ƴellitde renndo e cogguuli. Ngam haɓaade jiiɓru seppooji gollotooɓe, e hitaande 1976 laamu Obasanjo yaltinii sariyaaji cifotooɗi ko ɓuri heewde e gollorɗe mawɗe ko sarwisaaji baɗɗi faayiida, haɗi seppooji e nder mum en, yamiri nanngugol ardiiɓe senndikaaji jiiɓru. E hitaande 1978 nde hawriti senndikaaji 42 e nder fedde wootere nde gollotooɓe e leydi Nijeer. Obasanjo jokki bee taskaramji tati mawɗi ngam ndiyam haa woyla lesdi Naajeeriya ɗi arannde anndinaama les Murtala: taskaramji maayo Kano, taskaramji Bakalori, e taskaramji ndiyam Chad Sud. Laamu makko kadi jokki eɓɓooji ƴellitaare ndema puɗɗanooɗi to Funtua, Gusau, e Gombe. Won eɓɓaaɗe ƴellitgol laddeeji kadi puɗɗaama ngam haɗde njiimaandi Saharaa to bannge worgo. Ngam heɓde ko ɓuri heewde e ɗaɓɓaande leydi ndii e kuuraa, Obasanjo ardiima udditgol eɓɓaaɗe ɗiɗi kese ngam ƴellitde kuuraa e nder ndiyam e ƴulɓe. Industry petrol heddii ko huunde mawnde e faggudu leydi Naajeeriya e les laamu Obasanjo, ministeer petrol hawtii e fedde petroŋ leydi Naajeeriya ngam sosde fedde petroŋ leydi Naajeeriya (NNPC). Obasanjo kadi wallitii sosde lowre liggorde to Bonny, nde NNPC yoɓi 62% ; eɓɓaande ndee ko lomto makko woppi ɗum e nder ɓeydagol coodguuli. Obasanjo jokki kadi e peewnugol njuɓɓudi njamndi mboɗeeri Ajaokuta, eɓɓaande ndonaandi nde heewɓe e ñiŋooɓe e nder sarwisaaji laamu mbiyata ko nde waawataa huutoreede. E nder cakkital kitaale 1970, Naajeeriya kadi ina wondi e ustaare ndema, ko ɗum huunde nde laamuuji jokkondirɗi ɗii njiyti ko ɓuri hoybude e naatde e nguura e nder leydi ndii. E lewru mee 1976, Obasanjo fuɗɗii « Operation Feed the Nation » (Operation Feed the Nation), woni eɓɓaande ngam wuurtinde ndema tokoosa, tawi ina jeyaa heen yoɓeede almudɓe ngam remde e nder balɗe juulde. Eɓɓaande ndee ina waɗi kadi momtugol njoɓɗeele e nguura jawdi e kaɓirɗe ndema, e ballal kuutoragol tovo ngo, e ustude njoɓɗeele ndema. E lewru marse 1978, Obasanjo yaltini kuulal kuutoragol leydi ndi rokki laamu nguu hakkeeji jeyi leydi e dow leydi ndii kala. Ɗum waɗiraa ko ngam haɗde njulaagu leydi e njulaagu leydi, kadi addani ɗum yetteede e bannge nano leydi Najeriya hay so tawii noon ko galleeji keewɗi jogiiɗi leydi njiɗaa ɗum. Obasanjo yiyri ɗum ko e geɗe teeŋtuɗe laamu mum. Obasanjo wallitorii reentaade Gowon ngam waɗde heen jawdi mum caggal leydi, o jokki e ɗeen politikaaji. Politik faggudu ngenndiyankaagal e nder sekteeruuji teeŋtuɗi ina usta njulaagu keeriiɗo, ɗum addani ɗum ustude njulaagu, hay so tawii noon daraniiɓe ɗum ɓee ina njetta Obasanjo ngam dartinde diisnondiral kaalis so renndinaama e ardiiɓe mum. == Politikuuji nder leydi == O (Obasanjo) jokki e ƴamol jaŋde leslesre winndereyankoore e nder leydi Najeriya, politik ronkaama e Gowon. O naatini sariya jaŋde leslesre e hitaande 1976 ; hakkunde 1975–76 e 1979–80, binnditagol e duɗe leslese ɗe njoɓaaka kono ɗe njiɗaa, ɓeydiima gila e miliyoŋaaji 6 haa 12,5 miliyoŋ, hay so tawii noon jannginooɓe e kaɓirɗe ina ŋakki ngam waawde huutoraade ɗaɓɓaande ndee. E hitaande jaŋde 1977–78, Obasanjo naatni jaŋde hakkundeere nde alaa ko yoɓetee e fannuuji karallaagal, huunde nde yaajnaa e denndaangal jaŋde hakkundeere e hitaande 1979–80. E oon sahaa gooto, leydi Naajeeriya ustii kaalis jaŋde toownde ; e hitaande 1978 nde woppi rokkude ñamaale almudɓe, nde ɓeydi fotde laabi tati njoɓdi nguura e hoɗorde duɗe jaaɓi haaɗtirde. Seppooji janngooɓe mbaɗi e nder gure keewɗe, waɗii warngooji baɗnooɗi e nder wuro Lagos e Zaria. E nder jaabawol fitinaaji ɗii, Obasanjo udditi duɗe jaaɓi-haaɗtirde keewɗe, haɗi golle politik e nder duɗe jaaɓi-haaɗtirde, haɗi kadi fedde janngooɓe leydi Najeriya. Tiiɗnaare ɗeen peeje ina gasa tawa ko sabu tuumeede wonde fitinaaji almudɓe ɗii ina njokkondiri e kuudetaa militeer peewnaaɗo e lewru feebariyee 1978. Obasanjo ina mettini e jikkuuji almudɓe seppooɓe ɓee, o wiyi wonde ɗum ina hollita ruttaade e nafooje aadaaji ko wayi no hormaade almudɓe. Ngam batte ɓamtaare laamu Naajeeriya, leydi ndi yi’i ɓamtaare mawnde nder kuuɗe laamu. Seedeeji peeñii ko feewti e fenaande mawnde e nder laamu leydi ndii, tee, so tawii tuume ɗee ina keewi waɗeede e Obasanjo e hoore mum, alaa seedeeji tiiɗɗi peeñi. Ngam haɗde natal njulaagu e nder laamu, laamu Obasanjo haɗii huutoraade otooji Mercedes ngam waɗde otooji laamu, e lomtaade ɗum en, ɓe mbaɗti heen otooji Peugeot 504 ɓurɗi hoybude Naatgol champagne kadi haɗaama. E ƴaañde taƴgol konu, laamu Obasanjo yiyri 12 000 soldaat ina ndartinaa e nder duuɓi 1976 e 1977. Ɗee konu njalti ko e nokkuuji kesi ngam wallitde ɗum en e jokkondirde e nguurndam siwil en. Obasanjo kadi ina tuuma wonde ko kañum woni sabaabu ƴaañgol politik. E nder yeewtere wootere maantiniinde, koɗorɗe jimoowo e daraniiɗo politik Najeriya biyeteeɗo Fela Kuti, Republique Kalakuta, yani, yani haa laaɓi, caggal nde tergal e fedde makko hawri e yimɓe konu. Fela e ɓesngu mum piyi, njuppaa, yumma mum mawɗo, daraniiɗo politik e yumma mum sosɗo Chief Funmilayo Ransome Kuti, werlaa e windo. Ɗum addani mo gaañiiɓe no feewi, haa arti noon e maayde makko. Fela caggal ɗuum nawti kees to galle hooreejo leydi ndii e oon sahaa to Dodan Barracks to Lagos ngam salaade ƴaañde laamu nguu e politik. == Politik caggal leydi == Hooreejo leydi Amerik biyeteeɗo Jimmy Carter ina wondi e Obasanjo e njillu mum to leydi Najeriya e hitaande 1978 Obasanjo ina yiɗi tabitinde leydi Najeriya no ardorde mawnde e nder Afrik nii, e nder laamu makko, doole mum e nder duunde nde ɓeydiima. O ummini dabare Gowon ngam waɗugo julde ɗiɗaɓre nder duuniyaaru ngam naalankaaku e pinal ɓaleeɓe e afriknaajo haa lesdi Naajeeriya; ɗum waɗi ko to Lagos e lewru feebariyee 1977, hay so tawii noon ñaawooɓe nder leydi ndii mbiyi ko ɗum huunde nde alaa ko nafata. Obasanjo hokkii ɗuuɗal teddungal dow Dental Faggudu lesɗe Afrik Hirnaange (ECOWAS) nden o mettini ɗuuɗɓe nder terɗe maako ɗemngal Farayse ɓaawo o wi'i, bana no Naajeeriya ɓuri wallugo ceede ngam hukuuma kan, Naajeeriya foti jaɓɓaago hukuumaaji pamari ɗin haa Lagos. Jokkondiral e Ganaa ɓadiiɗo kadi ustii ; e hitaande 1979, leydi Nijeer taƴii petroŋ e nder leydi ndii ngam salaade warngooji luulndiiɓe politik ɗi laamu kesu ngu Jerry Rawlings wari. E laamu Obasanjo, Naajeeriya ustii jokkondiral mum juutngal e leydi Angalteer, ɓeydi jokkondirde e leyɗeele dentuɗe Amerik. Obasanjo ina yiɗi laamu hooreejo leydi Amerik biyeteeɗo Jimmy Carter, cuɓaaɗo e hitaande 1976, sabu Carter ina joginoo darnde tiiɗnde ngam tabitinde laamu ɓurngu heewde e Afrik worgo. Ambasadeer Carter to leydi Nijeer, hono Andrew Young, waɗii sehilaagal tiiɗngal e Obasanjo, Carter yilliima leydi Nijeer e hitaande 1978. Kono tan, kuulal ngam waylude alkule ɗee waɗiraa ko ngam dalillaaji laaɓtuɗi, wonaa miijooji ; yiytude petroŋ e nder maayo worgo firti ko Angalteer wontii ƴaañoowo wonaa soodoowo petroŋ Nijeer.Laamu Obasanjo kadi ina mettini heen no feewi nde Angalteer salii yoɓde Gowon, ina sikka wonde laamu Angalteer ina waawi wonde e kuudetaa mo Murtala waɗi. Ngam ɗeeɗoo hujjaaji, e hitaande 1976 nde miijii dartinde jokkondiral dipolomaasi e Angalteer, kono haa jooni nde dartinaani. Obasanjo noon saliima yahde Angalteer, o semmbini ardiiɓe makko waɗde ɗum. Jokkondiral ngal ɓeydii bonde nde Margaret Thatcher wonti gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi Angalteer e hitaande 1979, o fuɗɗii waɗde feere ɓurnde welde e njuɓɓudi laamu ɓaleeɓe tokosɓe to Rodesi e Afrik worgo. E nder jaabawol ngol, Naajeeriya nanngi laanawol ndiyam lesdi Naajeeriya, ngol ɓe tammi ɗon nastina petrol Naajeeriya haa lesdi Naajeeriya, ɓe haɗi hukuumaaji pamari Biritaniya ngam heɓugo kuuɗe Naajeeriya, ɓe nastini kuuɗe BP haa lesdi Naajeeriya. Obasanjo ina yiɗi kadi yaawnaade joofnude laamu ɓaleeɓe tokosɓe e nder Afrik worgo ; e wiyde Iliffe, ɗum wonti « cakkital politik makko caggal leydi ». Naajeeriya hokki ballal ngam haɓugo bee laamu daneeji nder diiwal ngal, hokki hukuumaaji pamari ɗi'i uddita birooji haa Lagos, nden hokki hukuumaaji pamari ɗin ɗon hokka mooɓgal feere-feere dogguɓe laamuuji lesdi Afrika fombinaari. E ƴettude peeje tiiɗɗe ngam haɓaade laamu apartaayd to Afrik worgo, Obasanjo hollitii wonde Nijeer naatataa e Olimpiyaaji 1976 sabu leydi Nuwel Selannde, tawtoraaɗo kawgel ngel, ina joginoo jokkondiral e Afrik worgo, leydi ndi haɗaa tawtoreede kawgel ngel sabu apartaayd. E hitaande 1977, Obasanjo haɗi kala kontraaji jokkondirɗi e Afrik worgo golloraade e nder leydi Nijeer ; sosiyateeji mawɗi ɗi njippii ɗii ko petroŋ Angalteer e Banke Barclays. E ndeen hitaande kadi, leydi Nijeer yuɓɓinii batu Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe ngam haɓaade apartaayd to Lagos, Obasanjo yilliima Amerik e lewru oktoobar ɗo o wiyi leydi ndii yo woppu yeeyde kaɓirɗe to Afrik worgo. Nde o woni nder leydi ndi'i o wolwi haa kawtal hoore lesdi ndi'i nden asaweeje ɗiɗi ɓaawo man Naajeeriya heɓi jooɗorde nder kawtal lesdi ndi'i. Fiilde Margaret Thatcher e hitaande 1979 ngam wonde gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi Angalteer, addani jokkondiral Angalteer e Niiseer bonnude ; Obasanjo miijii ko o yurmeende no feewi e laamuuji daneeji tokoosi e nder Afrik worgo Luulndaade laamu ɓaleeɓe tokosɓe e nder leydi Rodesi, addaniino hare Bush e nder leydi Rodesi, laamu Obasanjo ina jokki e wiyde wonde ko hare balɗe tan woni feere ngam foolde laamu Rodesi. O hirjinii ngootaagu hakkunde pelle ceertuɗe luulndiiɗe laamu toon, o wiyi Robert Mugabe, hooreejo ZANU, yo jaɓ ardaade luulndiiɗo makko, hono Joshua Nkomo mo ZAPU. E hitaande 1977, Angalteer e Amerik ciifi eɓɓaaɗe ngam waylude laamu ɓurngu heewde e Rodesi, e nder yonta mo leydi ndii woni e les njiimaandi doole Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe. Obasanjo jaɓii eɓɓaande ndee, o yilliima Tansani, Sammbi, Mosammbik, e Republiik Demokaratik Konngo ngam wiyde laamuuji mum en yo mbaɗ noon. Kono caggal nde Thatcher wonti gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi Angalteer, leydi Nijeer woɗɗitii hoore mum e darnde Angalteer ngam haɗde wolde Bush Rhodesian, o woppitaa kala darnde teeŋtunde e nder golle ɗe Angalteer waɗi, ɗe ngaddani wooteeji demokaraasi ɗi leƴƴi keewɗi mbaɗi e hitaande... Ko o hooreejo leydi, Obasanjo tawtoraama batuuji OAU. E oon sahaa yuɓɓinaa e lewru sulyee 1977, o eɓɓi sosde goomu jooɗiiɗo ngam haɓaade luural hakkunde leyɗeele jeyaaɗe e OAU. E batu 1978, o jeertinii wonde banngeeji ɗiɗi ɗii fof ina poti naatde e wolde huuɓtodinnde. E nder batu garoowo oo, o wiyi yo konu Pan-Afriknaajo sose, baawɗo waɗde golle ngam hisnude jam e nder duunde he. Ngam ɓamtuki darnde lesdi Naajeeriya nder duuniyaaru, Obasanjo nasti nder kuuɗe feere-feere ɗe lesdi Naajeeriya nder Afrika fuu. E hitaande 1977, o heɓtinii Benin e Togo yoo ndartin luural hakkunde keeri mum en, nguddita keeri mum en. O etinooma kadi haɓaade luural hakkunde leyɗeele keewɗe Fuɗnaange Afrik, o haɗa ɗum kadi ruttaade e Dental Fuɗnaange Afrik, kono o dañii heen caɗeele. Ko o hooreejo goomu jokkondire OAU, o etinooma jokkondire Ogaden hakkunde Ecoppi e Somali kono kadi o dañaani. O waawaano kadi feewnude luural peeñngal hakkunde Angalteer e leydi Konngo. E innde OAU, Obasanjo waɗii batu to Kano ngam haɓaade hare hakkunde leyɗeele Caad. Feddeeji keewɗi njaɓii darnude wolde, sosde laamu ngootaagu ngenndi, e accude konu leydi Najeriya ina waɗa jam. Hare nden noon jokki, Naajeeriya jaabtii e taƴde petroŋ mum to Caad. Koolol ɗiɗmol ko faati e hare ndee waɗii to Lagos e lewru ut 1979, ɗum addani laamu nguu sosde laamu nguu, ngu juutaani. E hitaande sakkitiinde e laamu makko konu, o ardii golle OAU ngam safrude wolde Saharaa hirnaange. == Jaltugol laamu == Laamu militeer en hawri ko e goomu ƴettugol doosɗe leydi ngam ƴettude doosgal kesal potngal huutoreede e nder mbayliigu laamu siwil. Goomu nguu hollitii wonde Naajeeriya ina foti waylude laamu mum, ngu tuugii ko e laamu parlemaa leydi Angalteer, ngu tuugnii e laamu hooreejo leydi Amerik, ɗo hooreejo leydi gooto cuɓaaɗo woni hooreejo leydi e hooreejo laamu. Ngam haɗude oo hooreejo leydi wontude diktatoor, hono no waɗirnoo e nokkuuji goɗɗi e nder Afrik nii, o ɗaɓɓi ƴeewndorɗe keewɗe e doole maɓɓe, haa arti noon e njuɓɓudi fedde nde, ɗo juɓɓule cuɓaaɗe keertiiɗe ngoni ɗoo e to bannge fedde, to bannge dowri, to bannge nokkuuji. Eɓɓaande doosgal leydi ndii yaltinaa ko e lewru oktoobar 1976, nde yeewtidaa e yeeso yimɓe fof e hitaande aroore ndee.Asamblee doosgal leydi hawri ngam yeewtidde e eɓɓaande doosgal leydi ndii e lewru oktoobar 1977. Asaambele leydi ndii ina jokki e ƴeewde hol darnde nde sariya sharia rokkata e nder doosgal leydi ndii. Obasanjo noddii dental ngal, o jeertini ɓe batte kuulal ngal ɓe mbaɗi e renndo, o wiyi ɓe yo ɓe ƴettu jikkuuji ɓurɗi moƴƴude. E lewru suwee 1978, Diiso toowngo konu (Conseil suprême militaire) habri doosɗe leydi kese ɗee ; nde waɗiino waylooji keewɗi e mbaydi ndi asaambele doosgal leydi ndii ƴetti. Yanti e doosgal kesal ngal, Obasanjo itti haɗde lanndaaji politik. Ndeen pelle keewɗe mbaɗii ngam tawtoreede wooteeji garooji ɗii, ko ɓuri teeŋtude heen ko lannda ngootaagu Yoruba, lannda yimɓe Naajeeriya, e lannda ngenndiijo Naajeeriya. Obasanjo mettini heen no feewi nde tawnoo heewɓe e dawriyankooɓe ina mbaɗa fodoore nde ɓe mbaawataa ɗooftaade. Woote ɗee mbaɗi ko e nder lewru sulyee e lewru ut 1979. Wootooɓe ɓee ina pamɗi, ko hakkunde 30 e 40% e wootooɓe winnditiiɓe e sariya, tee ina waɗi fenaande banngeeji keewɗi, hay so tawii noon ko jam. Wonno ko jeewte ko fayti e hol keɓɗo woote hooreleydaagu, Obasanjo salii ñaawde, o wiyi yo Komisariyaa woote ƴetta oon darnde.Ɓe kollitii wonde Shehu Shagari woni keɓɗo, huunde nde gardiiɗo ɗiɗaɓo oo, hono Obafemi Awolowo, luulndii to Ñaawirde Toownde, tawi o dañaani heen nafoore. Shagari ƴetti laamu ko e lewru oktoobar 1979 ; e nder kewu udditgol makko, Obasanjo rokki Shagari koppi doosgal leydi kesal. Ko ɗum woni fuɗɗoode Republique ɗiɗaɓere leydi Najeriya. Darnde Obasanjo nder wartirki lesdi Naajeeriya haa laamu siwil, ɗum laatoto darnde woore nde o jogi nder duuɓi cappanɗe ɗiɗi garooji. Kono yimɓe heewɓe e nder leydi ndii e caggal leydi, ina jeyaa heen hooreejo leydi Zambie, hono Kenneth Kaunda e hooreejo leydi Togo, hono Gnassingbé Eyadéma, ina ɗaɓɓi e makko yo o heddo e laamu. Jaɓde makko wallitde Awolowo, banndiiko Yoruba, addani mo gaño ko heewi e elite Yoruba. Awolowo tuumi Obasanjo ko kanko woni orkestraaji Shagari, huunde nde Obasanjo yeddi no feewi. == Ko adii laamu (1979-1999) == Ko adii nde o yaltata laamu, e lewru abriil 1979, Obasanjo ƴetti hoore mum e darnde seneraal ; ko o seneraal koode nay o jokki e heɓde njoɓdi dowla. Nde o woppi golle e lewru oktoobar, o arti Abeokuta. Caggal nde o waɗi kursus jonte jeegom to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde heblo ndema, Obasanjo ƴetti hoore mum e ndema, omo ɗaminii waɗde yeru e hirjinde ƴellitaare ndema. O heɓi ko famɗi fof 230 ektaar leydi to Ota ngam sosde ngesa makko, o naati ɗoon e galle ngesa birik. Wonno ko gaññeeje nokkuyankooje e dañde leydi ndi haa heewi, ñaawirɗe keewɗe ngaddaama e makko sabu ɗuum. Golle makko ndema yuɓɓinaama e fedde makko wiyeteende Temperance, caggal ɗuum o inniri ɗum « Obasanjo’s Farms Limited ». O waɗti heen hakkille teeŋtuɗo e ndema colli ; e cakkital kitaale 1980, ngesa makko ina ɓuuɓna 140 000 cukalel e yontere. O sosi kadi gese e nder gure goɗɗe to bannge worgo-fuɗnaange, e hitaande 1987 gese makko ina njogii ko ina tolnoo e 400 gollotooɗo e nokkuuji jeetati. Hono no yimɓe Yoruba woɗɓe lolluɓe nii, Obasanjo ina wallitnoo almudɓe miskineeɓe to duɗal makko ɓooyngal to Abeokuta. Obasanjo ɓeydii ñiŋde laamu siwil Shagari, o wiyi hooreejo leydi ndii ina famɗi semmbe, ina ŋakkiraa peeje. Naajeeriya nasti nder ɓillaaji faggudu ngam waylaaki coggu petrol nder duuniyaaru. E lewru mee 1983, mawɓe konu ɗaɓɓiri Obasanjo nde ƴettata laamu leydi ndii kadi, kono o salii. E lewru desaambar, ɓe liɓi Shagari tawi Obasanjo alaa heen, e nder kuudetaa mo yiyaani fitinaaji seeɗa. Muhammadu Buhari laati hooreejo lesdi sooje'en keso. Obasanjo fuɗɗii wallugo laamu Buhari, o wi'i demokaraasi wakiili'en ɗon ƴaɓɓitoo haa lesdi Naajeeriya. O yetti Buhari ngam haɓugo bee cemmbiɗinki lesdi, o ɗon mari feccere nder nastirde lesdi, nden o ɗon wartira budget booɗɗum. E lewru ut 1985, Buhari kadi liɓaama, hooreejo konu Ibraahiima Babangida ƴetti laamu. Obasanjo ina ñiŋa won e peeje faggudu ɗe Babangida waɗi, haa arti noon e ustude njoɓdi naira. E hitaande 1992, luulndaare makko e laamu Babangida addani mo noddude yo leydi Najeriya artire demokaraasi. O fuɗɗii kadi salaade politikaaji faggudu (indigenisation) e kitaale 1970, o wiyi doosɗe leydi ina poti haɗde ƴettugol jawdi caggal leydi. E nder ɗuum, o sikki laamu nguu ina foti teeŋtinde ƴellitaare nde laamu nguu ardii. O ɓeydii hulɓinaade ko ɓeydagol yimɓe, toɓɓere nde o yejjitaani nde o woni e laamu, o wiyi Naajeeriyankooɓe yo njogo ɓesnguuji tokoosi "ngam nafoore faggudu maɓɓe e renndo-faggudu ngenndi". E nder duuɓi sappo e go’o caggal nde Obasanjo woppi laamu, o yaltinii defte nay. E hitaande 1980, Obasanjo wonnoo ko tedduɗo to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Ibadan, ɗo o winndi deftere wiyeteende My Command, daartol ko faati e geɗe makko e nder wolde hakkunde leyɗeele ; nde yalti ko e lewru noowammbar ndeen hitaande. Won e janngooɓe ñiŋii ko ɓe njiyri ko Obasanjo ina ŋakkira Murtala Muhammed, Robert Adeyinka Adebayo, mawɗo politik Yoruba, wiyi yo deftere ndee yaltine ngam haɗde nde aawde feccere. Ƴeewirde ɓurnde moƴƴude ndee waɗi ko sehil makko, hono Ken Saro-Wiwa, o innitiri ɗum masterly kono o sikki ko ɗum waɗi ballal rewindaade no feewi. E hitaande 1987, o yaltini Nzeogwu, deftere ciimtol sehil makko Chukwuma Nzeogwu, mo o gollodtonoo to Konngo. Hitaande 1989, deftere Obasanjo yaltini, wiyeteende Doosgal leydi ngam naatgol e ƴellitaare, nde o jeertini e hujjaaji Babangida ngam sosde laamu lanndaaji ɗiɗi e nder leydi Najeriya. E hitaande 1990, deftere makko tataɓere, wiyeteende Not my volonté yalti. Nde rokki ciimtol sahaa nde o laaminoo leydi ndii. == Golle hakkunde leyɗeele: 1979-1993 == E hitaande 1986 Obasanjo jokkondiri e Nelson Manndelaa. O hollitii wonde "ko kawral ngal meeɗaa yejjiteede. Mi yiyii e [Mandelaa] Afriknaajo worgo, ko Afriknaajo tigi rigi, kadi ko gardiiɗo winndere mo alaa ko woni e mum. O ɓuri ardiiɓe ɓe min kawri e mum en e nder Afrik worgo ɓee fof." E yiɗde jogaade semmbe e dingiral winnderewal, Obasanjo udditi Fedde Ardorde Afrik e nder ngesa mum Ota. Tuggi 1981 haa 1982, o jooɗiima kadi e Komiseer Palme, fedde nde gonnooɗo gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi Suwed, hono Olof Palme ardii, yeewtidnde ko fayti e ustude kaɓirɗe e kisal winndere. Obasanjo rewi heen ko e jeyeede e goomuuji nannduɗi e ɗii ɗoo, wonande Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe, Fedde Adunaare Cellal, e Goomu hakkunde-leyɗeewu ardiiɓe laamuuji ɓooyɗi. Nde Javier Pérez de Cuéllar, hooreejo Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe rafi, Obasanjo hiisetee ko potɗo lomtaade mo. Caggal nde Pérez de Cuéllar holliti woppii laamu, Obasanjo fuɗɗii kampaañ ngam lomtaade mo. E woote Goomu Kisal Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe, o woni tataɓo, tawi ko Boutros Boutros-Ghali, Ejiptnaajo, ƴetti darnde ndee. O yalti galle makko e njilluuji keewɗi; e hitaande 1986 o yilliima Japon, e hitaande 1987 o yilliima U.S. E nder luural hakkunde leyɗeele dentuɗe Amerik ngam yiɗde ɓurde yooɗde e Afrik worgo, nanondiraama wonde fedde wiyeteende Eminent Persons Group (EPG) ina sosee ngam fuɗɗoraade kaaldigal e laamu Afrik worgo ngam wallitde ɗum e ustude apartaayd. E dow wasiyaaji cukko hooreejo leydi Naajeeriya, hono Emeka Anyaoku, Obasanjo suɓaama ngam ardaade fedde nde e wonndude e gonnooɗo gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi Ostarali, hono Malcolm Fraser. Obasanjo jaɓi e dow fenaande. E lewru feebariyee 1986, kanko e Fraser ɓe njahi to wuro wiyeteengo Cape Town ɗo ɓe naamndii ngam hawritde e Nelson Manndelaa, daraniiɗo apartaayd, tergal mawngal e nder fedde wiyeteende Congres National Africaine (ANC) haɗaande. Ko Obasanjo tan yamiraa jokkondirde e Manndelaa ; o wiyi caggal ɗuum wonde omo weltii e makko no feewi. Ndeen Obasanjo hawrii e mawɓe ANC wonɓe e egguɓe to Lusaka. E lewru marse 1986, EPG oo fof yilliima Afrik worgo, e nder yonta mo jiiɓru e fitinaaji nder galleeji ɓeydii mawnude.Ko ɗoon ɓe kawri e mawɓe laamu nguu, ina jeyaa heen gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi ndii hono P. W. Botha, mo Obasanjo siftini caggal ɗuum wonde ko neɗɗo ɓurɗo muñde mo meeɗaa hawrude. Ciimtol EPG ngol hollitii wonde, so tawii ko ɓuri heewde e yimɓe Afrik worgo ina njiɗi nanondiral ngal alaa ko bonnata hakkunde laamu nguu e pelle luulndiiɗe apartaayd, gadano oo yiɗaa miijaade ɗum, tee alaa ko yahri yeeso no feewi ngam joofnude apartaayd. EPG noon hollitii wonde ina haani ɓeydaade tiiɗnaade e nder winndere ndee. Goomu Commonwealth jaɓii ko ciimtol ngol holliti, tawi Angalteer ina luulndii ɗum ; ɗum addani Obasanjo ɓeydaade mettinde Thatcher. Ndeen Commonwealth yamirii mo yo o ardo goomu ngam yuurnitaade ko Dowlaaji Dentuɗi ɗii poti daranaade koye mum en e njiimaandi Afrik worgo. Caggal nde Botha lomtinaa F. W. de Klerk, ooɗoo ɗiɗaɓo yaltini Manndelaa kasoo. Ina jeyaa e ɗanle Mandelaa gadane caggal leydi, to Niiseer, ɗo o yilli Obasanjo to galle mum. Lebbi ɗiɗi caggal ɗuum, Obasanjo ardii delegaasiyoŋ Najeriya to Afrik worgo ngam yeewtidde e yimɓe mawɓe politik. E lewru suwee 1991, o yilliima kadi, o wiyi hooreejo Zulu en, hono Mangosuthu Buthelezi, yo waɗ kaaldigal e pelle goɗɗe ngam wallitde dartinde apartaayd e waɗde woote timmuɗe. Obasanjo kadi golliima e ƴellitaare nokkuuji goɗɗi e nder Afrik. O yilliima Angalteer laabi ɗiɗi e nder hitaande 1988, o wallitii e darnde ngam joofnude wolde hakkunde leyɗeele toon. O yilliima kadi Sudaan laabi tati hakkunde 1987 e 1989, tawi o dañaani heen nafoore, o hirjinii kaaldigal ngam joofnude wolde ɗiɗmere Sudaan. Ndeen o wonii ƴeewoowo e wooteeji gardagol leydi Mosammbik e hitaande 1994. E hitaande 1994 e 1995, o yilliima Burundi, o golliima ngam deeƴnude caɗeele hakkunde leƴƴi Hutu en e Tutsi en. O fuɗɗinooma noddude jokkondiral ɓurngal ɓadaade e nder Afrik, o wiyi ɗum ina waawi heɓtineede e sosde feddeeji jeegom diiwaanuuji. E lewru suwee 1987, o ƴettiino peeje ngam yuɓɓinde Fedde Ardorde Afrik, nde wallitta rokkude karallaagal e heblo wonande politikaaji ummoriiɗi e duunde he kala. Nde fuɗɗii waɗde batuuji, anndiraaɗi « Dialogues de la maison de la ferme » , gila e galle Obasanjo fotde laabi jeegom e nder hitaande. Kadi nde waɗii batuuji winndereeji kala lewru, nde yaltinii jaaynde kala lewru, wiyeteende “Forum Afrique” hakkunde 1991 e 1993. == Haɓde e Abacha: 1992-1995 == Obasanjo hollitii kulhuli mum, sibu, hay so tawii o wiyi ina wallita gartugol demokaraasi, Babangida alaa ko anniyaaki so wonaa woppude laamu konu. Caggal nde wooteeji gardagol leydi ndi ndarnaa e hitaande 1992, Obasanjo e Anthony Enahoro ndarni fedde ngam demokaraasi e laamu moƴƴu e nder leydi Najeriya. Joɗnde adannde fedde ndee hawri ko e 31 neɗɗo politik nder leydi to Ota e lewru mee 1993. Wooteeji mbaɗi caggal ɗuum e lewru suwee 1993, tawi yimɓe seeɗa tawtoraama. Moshood Abiola mo lannda Social Democratic (SDP) heɓi, kono Babangida ndeen woppii njeñtudi woote ɗee, fodaniino woote ɗiɗmere ko ɓooyaani. SDP salii kala woote ɗiɗmere nde tawnoo ɓe mbiyi ko kanndidaa maɓɓe heɓiino woote gadane ɗee. Ndeen Babangida jaɓii woppude laamu ngam suɓaade laamu siwil jooɗiiɗo, ngu Ernest Shonekan ardii, ngu heɓi laamu e lewru ut 1993, ngu ƴetti peeje ngam waɗde wooteeji kesi e lewru feebariyee 1994. Seneraal Sani Abacha siftinii gooto e gorko gooto, mo wondude e do-gooders woɗɓe, eɓɓi ñaamde wumre ndee. Heddiiɓe ɓee mbayliima tan, oo Samariyanke nannduɗo e moƴƴo [...] arti ngam ƴettude pot suukara e juuɗe wumre ndee ngam hoore mum. Kadi, ko ɓuri heewde e men Nijeernaaɓe, ko en ƴeewooɓe, en mbeltiima. E nder kala sababuuji, ŋakkaani tawtoraaɓe e ñaamde ndee. Kadi ɓe ngoppaani batte moraal. == — Obasanjo, e dow kuudetaa Sani Abacha, hitaande 1994 == E oon sahaa, Sani Abacha tiiɗtinii doole mum e konu, e lewru noowammbar 1993, o felliti Shonekan yo woppu laamu, o acci hoore makko ƴettude laamu. Obasanjo noddiino Abacha ko adii kuudetaa oo, ina ñaagii ɗum nde woppataa ngalɗoo laawol. Caggal nde Abacha heɓti laamu, o wiyi Obasanjo yo jokkondir e makko. Ko sakkitii koo waɗii, kono salii wallitde laamu Abacha haa nde anndini ñalngu ngu yaltata e hoore mum. Ndeen Abacha momtii lanndaaji politik gonɗi ɗii e juɓɓule demokaraasiije, o noddi politikaaji ummoriiɗi e nokkuuji ceertuɗi yo naata e Diisnondiral makko Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe ; Obasanjo salii toɗɗaade hay gooto e ndeeɗoo diiso. Obasanjo fuɗɗi jeertinde wonde Naajeeriya ina yahra e wolde hakkunde leyɗeele woɗnde e nder feccere leƴƴi, e lewru mee 1994 kanko e Yar'Adua ɓe ndarni fedde wiyeteende National Unity Promoters, fedde daraniinde haɗde ndeeɗoo feere. E lewru Juko, Abiola anndini hoore mum hooreejo lesdi Naajeeriya, nden o nanngaama ngam janfa. Hay so tawii Obasanjo saliima jaɓde haala Abiola, o wasiyiima Abacha nde woppataa ɗum. Ndeen o ardiima fedde ardiiɓe aadaaji e batu ngu ɓe ndarni ngam fuɗɗoraade kaaldigal hakkunde Abacha e Abiola. Jaɓugo maako wallugo Abiola mettini Yoruba'en ɗuuɗɓe, jawdi Obasanjo haa lesdi Yoruba'en ɗon ƴama.Obasanjo mettini bee ko o yi'i bana jukkungo ngam o wallitaako nafuuda sectari'en Yoruba'en. E lewru marse 1995, Obasanjo ina wonnoo to leydi Danemark ngam tawtoreede batu Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe ngam ɓamtaare renndo to Kopenhag. Nde o woni ton, o nani Yar'Adua nanngaama, malla o heɓan bana non to o warti Naajeeriya. O wiyi noon o wiyi alaa ko o waɗi, o felliti hootde. Waɗi sahaa gooto to Aeroport Lagos, passport makko nanngaa, janngo mum, polis ƴetti mo e galle makko Ota. Polis tuumi Obasanjo ina jokkondiri e kuudetaa mo Abacha waɗi, mo kolonel Lawan Gwadabe yuɓɓini. Obasanjo nawtaama hakkunde nokkuuji deentorɗi ceertuɗi, tawi gonnooɗo hooreejo leydi Amerik hono Carter e hoore mum jokkondirii e Abacha ngam ɗaɓɓude yo Obasanjo woppe. Ndeen Obasanjo artiraama to Ota, o waɗtaa e kasoo fotde lebbi ɗiɗi, e nder ɗuum o haɗaama heɓde jaayɗe, telefoŋ, walla njilluuji. Goɗɗo e tuumaaɗo wonde ina jeyaa e kuudetaa oo, hono Kolonel RSB Bello-Fadile, awokaa konu, ina wondi e caɗeele, e nder ɗuum o siifondiri e bayyinaango wonde o yahiino to Ota ngam humpitaade Obasanjo ko fayti e kuudetaa oo no woniri e peewnugol. Ɗum huutoraama ngam seedeeji ngam ñaawde Obasanjo e suuɗde fenaande, ko ɗum huunde nde sariyaaji leydi Najeriya mbaɗi.Ndeen o nawaama to nokku naamne kisal leydi ndii to Ikoyi. Abacha wiyi yo Obasanjo ñaawe e yeeso ñaawirdu konu, ñaawirdu nduu waɗi ñalnde 19 suwee 1995. E nder ñaawoore ndee, Obasanjo yedditii wonde RSB Bello-Fadile meeɗaa hawrude e makko. RSB Bello-Fadile kadi hollitii wonde o siifondirii e bayyinaango ngo Obasanjo jogori waɗde e dow doole, kono ñaawirdu nduu saliima ndeeɗoo ruttaade. Ñalnde 14 sulyee, ñaawirde ndee ñaawi Obasanjo duuɓi 25 kasoo ; Yar'Adua e woɗɓe sappo e nayo kadi tuumaaɗo wonde e nder fedde nde, ñaawaama warngo.Obasanjo caggal ɗuum noddi ɗum "ñalngu mum ɓurngu mettude". Caggal nde hooreejo leydi Amerik biyeteeɗo Bill Clinton holliti wonde leydi mum ina jogori haɗde petroŋ leydi Naajeeriya so tawii ɗeen warngooji mbaɗii, Abacha wayli ñaawoore maɓɓe, o ustii ñaawoore Obasanjo haa duuɓi 15. == Kasoo: 1995-1998 == Obasanjo waɗi lebbi nay garooji ɗii ko e nokku biyeteeɗo Ikoyi Centre, ɗo o fuɗɗii nanngeede e nder kasoo gooto. Ndeen o nawaama to kasoo mawɗo Lagos, Kirikiri, ɗo o woni e opitaal kasoo ngam rafi hipertension e jabet. Sarɗiiji Kirikiri ina keewi, ina ŋakki, Obasanjo wiyi wonde « yiɗaa ɗum e gaño am ɓurɗo bonde ». Ko ɗoon RSB Bello-Fadile ñaagii Obasanjo yaafuya sabu mum ƴattaade ɗum, Obasanjo yaafni ɗum. Ndeen winndannde nde RSB Bello-Fadile winndi ngam humpitaade ngonka kaa, yaltinaama e kasoo, yaltinaa, wallitii hollirde wonde Obasanjo alaa ko o waɗi. Caggal jonte keewɗe, Obasanjo e woɗɓe tuumaaɓe waɗde fedde ndee, njaltinaama to kasoo Jos to diiwaan hakkundeejo, to diiwaan Plateau ɗo ɓe ngoni lebbi keewɗi. Obasanjo fuɗɗinoo hokkaama tan ko Biibal e Quraana ngam janngude, kono seeɗa-seeɗa o acci binndi ɓurɗi yaajde. Binndol kadi ina rokka mo, ina addana mo jokkondirde e yimɓe e juɓɓule ceertuɗe, haa jooni Stella ina jaɓa yillaade mo lewru kala laawol gootol. Mandelaa e Pape Jean Paul II fof noddii yo o woppe, tawi noon sosiyeteeji Inndo e Almaañ fof ina ndokki mo njeenaaje winndereeje.Forum ardorde Afrik yaltinii defte ɗiɗi ɓataakeeji e binndanɗe binndaaɗe ngam teddinde mo ; Forum oo e hoore mum dogiino ummoraade Accra to Ganaa ngam daɗde e tooñanngeeji laamu Abacha. E fuɗɗoode hitaande 1996, Obasanjo ummiima Jos, fayti e kasoo ɓurɗo woɗɗude to Yola, to diiwaan Adamawa. Ko ɗoon o jaɓaa remde gesa.[194] Obasanjo hollitii wonde e nder kasoo o ɓeydii luggiɗde e goonɗinal makko e Kerecee’en, o ɓadtii Alla,[194] o wonti Kerecee’en jibinaaɗo.[195] Gila ndeen, diine kerecee en ina joginoo darnde ɓurnde mawnude e nder yi’annde makko aduna. To Yola, o waajii 28 waaju yontere kala caggal nde jaagorɗe njilluuji ndartinaa e wakkati seeɗa. O winndi ɗeen waajuuji, o acci ɗi njaltina nde o yalti.[195] Obasanjo kadi etinooma moƴƴinde yoga e sukaaɓe kasoo, rewrude e yahrude yeeso maɓɓe nde o wonti neɗɗo dimo.[196] Obasanjo hulii wonde maa o tooke, haa teeŋti noon e nder haalaaji renndo wonde maayde Yar'adua ko tooke anniya.[197] Abacha sankii ɗoon e ɗoon e lewru suwee 1998, caggal ɗuum komanndaaji konu nguu toɗɗii Seneraal Major Abdulsalaami Abubakar lomto makko. Yontere caggal mum, Abubakar yamiri yo Obasanjo woppe, o neldi laana ndiwoowa ngam artirde mo to Ota.[197] E yiɗde wartirde leydi Naajeeriya e laamu siwil, Abubakar fusi lanndaaji e juɓɓule leydi ndi gonɗe heen ɗee, o anndini peeje ɗe ngaddanta hooreejo leydi siwil toɗɗaade e lewru mee 1999.[198] == Kampaañ ngam suɓaade hooreejo leydi : 1998-1999 == Jooni ko o neɗɗo dimo, Obasanjo yahiino Afrik worgo, Angalteer, e Amerik, ɗo o safraa.[199] Lanndaaji politik kesi ina mbaɗa e nder leydi Najeriya, gooto e ɓurɓe mawnude e majji ko lannda Demokaraasi Leƴƴi (PDP), fedde nde yiɗnoo ko yaajde no feewi, so tawii ko e laamu, nde haɗata kuudetaaji garooji.[199] Terɗe PDP mawɗe ndartinii Obasanjo ngam wonde kanndidaa hooreejo leydi. Ɓe cikkatnoo ko omo waawi yamirde teddungal winnderewal, kadi ko o neɗɗo militeer, omo waawi jogaade leydi ndii e dow kuudetaaji garooji e dille seertuɗe. Ɓe mbi'i kadi Naajeeriya ɗon mari haaje hooreejo lesdi fombina ngam foondugo ardungal maako arandewal haa woyla, nden Obasanjo holli hoore maako bana fombina mo walaa ƴamol dow fombina.[200] Sehilaaɓe e ɓesngu ina mbiya yo o dog, mbiyi o bonnat innde makko moƴƴere walla o wara. Obasanjo hollitii wonde o saliima, kono ñalnde 28 lewru nduu o naati e lannda PDP, yontere caggal ɗuum o hollitii wonde o woni ko e waɗde hoore makko ngam wonde kanndidaa hooreejo lannda ka.[201] E nder kampaañ makko, o teeŋtinii yiɗde makko artirde ko o sikki ko ndonu laamu moƴƴu nde o yalti e laamu e hitaande 1979.[202] E nder dingiral mooftugol kaalis, o dañii N356 miliyoŋ, heen N120 miliyoŋ ko njulaagu Aliko Dangote rokki ɗum. Ko ɓuri heewde e ɗeen dokke ummorii ko e worɓe militeer en e njuɓɓudi njulaagu kesiri.[202] O yilliima leydi ndii, o waɗii konnguɗi e ɗaɓɓude heɗtiiɓe e yimɓe teeŋtuɓe ; ƴamde guwerneeruuji dowlaaji ko huunde maantiniinde e mbaadi makko.[203] Kampaañ makko ina ɓuuɓna kampaañ makko mawɗo, hono Alex Ekwueme, mo yimɓe worgo e konu nguu ngoongɗinaani no feewi.[204] PDP ina heɓa leydi e nder leydi Najeriya, ina hollita wonde ko kañum woni lannda ɓurka waawde e nder wooteeji laamu nokkuuji ɗii e lewru Duujal 1998, e wooteeji diiwaanuuji ɗii e lewru Yarkomaa 1999, e wooteeji Senaa e suudu sarɗiiji e lewru Feebariyee 1999.[205] Ñalnde 14 feebariyee 1999, batu PDP noddaa ngam suɓaade kanndidaa mum to hooreejo leydi. Obasanjo heɓi 1 658 woote, Ekwueme heɓi 521, e kanndidaaji joy keddiiɗi ɗii 260.[206] E ɗaɓɓude neɗɗo worgo ngam wonde cukko hooreejo leydi PDP, Obasanjo suɓii Atiku Abubakar.[207] Woote hooreleydaagu mbaɗi ko ñalnde 27 feebariyee ; Ko Olu Falae mo APP tan woni luutndiiɗo Obasanjo. Fotde feccere e fotɓe suɓaade ɓee mbaɗii noon, won heen ko fenaande hay so tawii alaa ko bonnata. Taƴre laawɗunde ndee rokkii Obasanjo 63% e wooteeji ɗii ; ko kanko woni majjuɗo e nder dowlaaji jeegom ɗii fof e nder leydi makko Yoruba.[208] == Hooreejo leydi (1999-2007) == == Manndaa gadano (1999-2003) == == Siile hooreejo leydi Naajeeriya == Caggal nde o riiwti ɗum, Obasanjo naati e nder galle hooreejo leydi to Aso Rock e lewru mee 1999 caggal nde o hunni hooreejo leydi to Eagle Square to Abuja.[209] Nde o toɗɗii laamu maako kesu, o suɓi ministaajo ɗuuɗɗum diga woylaare lesdi Naajeeriya, koo ngam ko ɓuri ɗuuɗugo nder maɓɓe woni Kirista'en, ɗum mettini woɓɓe juulɓe woylaare lesdi Naajeeriya. Ɓeen ñiŋooɓe ina keewi sifaade wonde kabine Obasanjo ina ɓooyi no feewi, ina ŋakkiraa humpito, haa teeŋti noon so tawii ko e geɗe faggudu.[210] E nder laamu makko gadano, toɓɓe ndimaagu ɗe Naajeeriya’en keɓata ɓeydii; ndimaagu jaayndeeji ina addana hooreejo leydi ndi ñiŋde no feewi.[211] E nder lebbi gadani laamu makko, Obasanjo woppii fotde 200 ofisee militeer, tawi heen 93 fof ina njogii jappeere politik, ɗum noon ko kuudetaa mo ofiseeji keewɗi humpito mbaɗata ina famɗi.[209] O ummini kadi ministeer defansiyoŋ gila Lagos haa Abuja, ngam tabitinki ɗum waddaama les njiimaandi laamu ɓurndi laaɓtude.[209] == Manndaa ɗiɗaɓo (2003-2007) == Obasanjo suɓaama kadi e woote 2003 ɗe njuumtaani, tawi ina waɗi caɗeele leƴƴi e diineeji. Gaño makko mawɗo, gonnooɗo laamɗo konu Seneraal Muhammadu Buhari, ko juulɗo, o heɓi ballal makko ko ɓuri heewde ko e fuɗnaange. Obasanjo heɓi 61,8% e woote ɗe, o fooli Buhari ko ɓuri miliyoŋaaji 11 woote.[212] E lewru noowammbar 2003, Obasanjo ñiŋaama sabu kuulal mum rokkude asilo hooreejo leydi Liberiya, hono Charles Taylor.[213] Ñalnde 12 lewru juko hitaande 2006, o siifondiri nanondiral Greentree e hooreejo leydi Kameruun Paul Biya nanondiral ngal joofniri luural keeri hakkunde duunde Bakassi.[214] Hay so tawii Senaa leydi Najeriya ƴettii kuulal ngam wiyde wonde ittugol konu leydi Najeriya e nder duunde Bakassi ko huunde nde fotaani, Obasanjo rokki yamiroore nde jokkata no haanirta nii.[215] E manndaa makko ɗiɗaɓo, Obasanjo jokki e daranaade yaajnude doole polis leydi ndii, haa arti noon e 325 000 polis e hitaande 2007.[216] Fitinaaji laddeeji jokkuɗi hakkunde juulɓe e kerecee en e nder diiwaan Plateau addani Obasanjo bayyinde toon laamu nguu e lewru mee 2004, o dartini laamu diiwaan oo, o darni laamu konu lebbi jeegom.[217] Ñalnde 22 lewru nduu hitaande 2005, guwerneer diiwaan Abia e oon sahaa, hono Orji Uzor Kalu, rokki EFCC ɗaɓɓaande ngam tuumaade wonde Obasanjo waɗii golle bonɗe.[218] == Ajenda manndaa tataɓo == Obasanjo ina wondi e luural ko fayti e « Agenda mum tataɓo » , woni peeje ngam waylude doosgal leydi ndii mbele omo waawa jogaade manndaa tataɓo, duuɓi nay, e gardagol leydi ndii. Ɗum waɗii ƴamol nder jaayndeeji siyaasaaku nder Naajeeriya, nden boo kuugal ngal jaɓaaka nder Asamblee lesdi.[219][220] Ko ɗum waɗi Obasanjo woppi laamu caggal wooteeji gardagol leydi e lewru abriil 2007.[221] E nder yeewtere hesere nde o waɗdunoo e teleeji Channels, Obasanjo saliima jeyeede e ko wiyetee « Ajenda tataɓo ». O wi'i ɗum Asamblee lesdi Naajeeriya ɗon mari limngal limngal limngal limngal lesdi Naajeeriya. Obasanjo wiyi : "mi meeɗaa fiyde miijo manndaa tataɓo."[222] == Ajenda manndaa tataɓo == Obasanjo ina wondi e luural ko fayti e « Agenda mum tataɓo » , woni peeje ngam waylude doosgal leydi ndii mbele omo waawa jogaade manndaa tataɓo, duuɓi nay, e gardagol leydi ndii. Ɗum waɗii ƴamol nder jaayndeeji siyaasaaku nder Naajeeriya, nden boo kuugal ngal jaɓaaka nder Asamblee lesdi.[219][220] Ko ɗum waɗi Obasanjo woppi laamu caggal wooteeji gardagol leydi e lewru abriil 2007.[221] E nder yeewtere hesere nde o waɗdunoo e teleeji Channels, Obasanjo saliima jeyeede e ko wiyetee « Ajenda tataɓo ». O wi'i ɗum Asamblee lesdi Naajeeriya ɗon mari limngal limngal limngal limngal lesdi Naajeeriya. Obasanjo wiyi : "mi meeɗaa fiyde miijo manndaa tataɓo."[222] Obasanjo ñaawaama e juuɗe mawɓe politik e nder sagata Agenda manndaa tataɓo. Senator Ken Nnamani, hooreejo suudu joonde diidaaɗi lesdi Naajeeriya, wi'i Obasanjo anndini mo dow ajendaaji ɗin ɓaawo o laati hooreejo suudu joonde diidaaɗi lesdi Naajeeriya. O wiyi : "Ɗoon e ɗoon, ngon-mi hooreejo senaa, o haalani mi anniya makko, o haalani mi no o yiɗiri heɓde ɗum. Miin e fuɗɗoode mi ƴettataa mo no feewi haa kewuuji ɗii puɗɗii feeñde." O hollitii kadi wonde Miliyaaruuji jeetati (8) Naira njaltinaama ngam wallitde depiteeji ɗii ngam wallitde ajendaaji ɗii, o naamndii : « hol no neɗɗo waawirta haalde nii tawa o anndaa ɗum, tee kaalis, e kaalis leydi ndii e kaalis leydi ndii fof, ina wayla juuɗe ». Femi Gbajabiamila tabbitini haala Nnamani ammaa o waɗi limngal man feere-feere, o wi'i: "Kaalis man hawti bee miliyaaruuji N10. Hol no N10bn wurtinirtee nder ceede lesdi ngam eɓɓoore nde a woni hooreejo jooɗiiɗo, ammaa nden eɓɓoore laataaki miijo ma? Toy ceede man iwdi?" E nder haalaaji garooji ɗii, Nnamani wiyi wonde hooreejo leydi Amerik hono George W. Bush jeertinii Obasanjo nde woppataa peeje mum ngam tawtoreede woote gardagol leydi e manndaa tataɓo. O wiyi : "so aɗa yiɗi hoolkisaade wonde gorko oo ina haala fenaande tan, ƴettu deftere nde Condoleezza Rice, gonnooɗo jaagorgal leydi Amerik winndi. Ko goonga ko deftere nde Rice winndi. E hello 628 walla hello 638, o yeewtidii e Obasanjo, no o yiɗiri hawrude e hooreejo leydi Ameriknaajo oo, no o yiyri hooreejo leydi Ameriknaajo oo ina waawi waylude doosgal leydi ndii mbele omo waawa yahde e manndaa tataɓo, Bush wiyi mo yo o woppu ɗum, o yalta haa ñalnde 29 mee 2007."[223] == Politik faggudu, renndo e caggal leydi == == Politik faggudu == == Obasanjo e wondude e laamɗo leydi Iran e hitaande 1999 == E ngalu petrol, Obasanjo sosi Komitiiru Ƴellitaare Delta Niger, o huutorii Porogaraam Jaŋde leslesre winndereyankoore ngam ɓeydude jaŋde leslesre Naajeeriya. O sosi Komiseer keeriiɗo toppitiiɗo golle bonɗe e Komiseer toppitiiɗo bonanndeeji faggudu e kaalis. Wuurtinii Sosiyetee ngenndiijo njulaagu to Kaduna e (Onne) Port Harcourt. Obasanjo ɓeydi geɗal njoɓdi petroŋ e renndo to dowla iwdi mum gila e 3 haa 13 e nder teemedere.[224] Ko adii laamu Obasanjo, ɓeydagol PIB leydi Nijeer ina muusi no feewi gila 1987, tee ina jokki tan e 3% hakkunde 1999 e 2000. Kono, e laamu Obasanjo, ɓeydagol ngol ɓeydiima fotde laabi ɗiɗi haa 6% haa o woppi laamu, tawi noon ina walliti ɗum e feccere e ɓeydagol coggu petroŋ. Resooji leydi Naajeeriya ko ɓuri miliyaaruuji ɗiɗi dolaar e hitaande 1999 haa miliyaaruuji 43 dolaar nde ɓe njalti laamu e hitaande 2007.[225] O dañii yaafuya ñamaale e fedde Pari e Londres fotde 18 miliyaar dolaar, o yoɓi kadi 18 miliyaar dolaar goɗɗo ngam woppude ñamaale. Ko vuri heewde e ziin njovdiiji mooftaama e njovdi njulaagu juutndi e nder yontere nde. (Toɓɓere feewnitagol). Ko ɓuri heewde e ɗeen ñamaale mooftaama wonaa e fenaande kono ko e yontaaji 1982–85 nde Naajeeriya huutorii laamu toppitiingu mbayliigu nguu, ngu rokki denndaangal njulaagu nguu e banke mawɗo leydi Nijeer. Nde Obasanjo heɓi laamu, faggudu leydi Najeriya wonnoo ko e caɗeele. Inflation ina yahra e 30% e hitaande e nder kitaale 1990 fof, e hitaande 2001 fotde 20% e mawɓe leydi Najeriya ina ngala golle.[226] Baasal ina yaaji, laamu Obasanjo ina yiɗi ustude ɗum e yoɓde N3,500 lewru kala fotde 200,000 neɗɗo ngam waɗde golle gaadoraaɗe ko wayi no ɓuuɓnude e moƴƴinde laabi.[226] Ndeen eɓɓoore lomtinaama e Porogaraam ngenndiijo ngam haɓaade baasal, jowitiingal e ƴellitde golle sukaaɓe, e njuɓɓudi teeru, e reende.[226] E hitaande 2000, laamu Obasanjo ɓeydi njoɓdi ɓurndi famɗude ndi sariya yamiri ndii laabi ɗiɗi.[227] O noddi Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe (FMI) ngam ƴeewtaade faggudu leydi Najeriya e rokkude wasiyaaji no moƴƴiri ɗum;[228] ɓe njeertinii wonde laamu nguu ina heewi ñamlude.[227] E hitaande 2001, Obasanjo hollitii hoore mum "ko o goongɗinɗo njuɓɓudi luumo", o hollitii wonde o yiyii bonneede ko "njuɓɓudi bonndi e nder sekteer laamu" addani mo.[229] Kono, nde o holliti darnde makko e nanondiral Washington ngam luumooji rimɗi, e privatisation, e ŋakkeende ngalu laamu, ngalu laamu nguu e feccere PIB ɓeydiima gila e 29% e hitaande 1997 haa 50% e hitaande 2001.[229] E lewru Yarkomaa hitaande 2000, Naajeeriya heɓi nyamande miliyaaruuji 1 dolaar Amerik, ko ɗum addani laamu nguu naatde e kaaldigal ngam waylude ñamaale mum e ñamaale mum.[228] Laamu Obasanjo naftoriima coggu petroŋ toowngu e nder winndere ndee e manndaa mum gadano. Nde anniyii kadi ɓeydude petroŋ leydi Naajeeriya e ɓeydude keewal gaasuuji ɓuuɓɗi, ɗi puɗɗii yaltineede e leydi ndii e hitaande 1999.[230] Obasanjo fellitii momtude ballal petroŋ, ɓeyda coggu nguu haa yettoo tolno njulaagu. Kongres gollooɓe leydi Naajeeriya noddi seppo mawngo ngam seppude ngam salaade lewru Juko hitaande 2000 e Obasanjo sakkitii, o ustii ballal ngal, wonaa ittude ngal. Ngolɗoo ngonka addani Obasanjo hollirde wonde ko "gaño miskineeɓe" e miijo renndo.[231] Ngam ɓeydude ustude njoɓdi, Obasanjo wayliima e privatisation, o sosi Diiso ngenndiijo ko faati e privatisation e lewru sulyee 1999. Nde o heɓi laamu, laamu fedde nde ina joginoo 588 sosiyetee laamu, tawi ko ina tolnoo e 55% e ñamaale caggal leydi, Obasanjo ina yaakorii wonde ko heewi e ɗeen, hay so tawii noon ɗe mbaawaa wonde in2. Privatization yiɗaama e yimɓe leydi Najeriya, ko 35% tan ɓe keɓi ballal e wiyde wiɗto miijo hitaande 2000.[233] Obasanjo kadi ina yiɗi kaaldigal ngam ustude ñamaale.[234] O hollitii wonde ñamaale leydi Naajeeriya ina keewi no feewi, ina mbonna faggudu mum e demokaraasi mum. Hay so tawii Kanadaa, Itali e Amerik ndartinii ñamaale leydi Nijeer, ɗeen ñamaale ina pamɗi, ñamaale mawɗe leydi ndii, ɓurɗe mawnude heen ko Angalteer, njaɓaani.[235] Obasanjo ɗon tuuma caɗeele faggudu lesdi Naajeeriya ɗuuɗɗe dow fenaande;[236] nder hitaande 2000, fedde Transparency International limti ɗum lesdi ɓurdundi fenaande nder duniyaaru.[229] Balɗe seeɗa caggal nde o heɓi laamu o hollitii kuulal ngam haɓaade fenaande to Asaambele ngenndi, hay so tawii noon ɗum jibinii luulndaare mawnde e juuɗe ñaawooɓe cikkatnooɓe ko ɗum rokki laamu nguu doole ɓurɗe heewde. Nanondiral waɗii ngam ustude eɓɓooje Obasanjo, addani mo siynude sariya keso oo e lewru suwee 2000.[236] Alaa ko holliti wonde njulaagu ustiima e nder leydi Najeriya e nder manndaa Obasanjo gadano, laamu makko waɗaani hay huunde ngam ƴeewtaade njulaagu nguu e nder leydi Najeriya, ngu yaaji e nder laamuuji diiwaan e laamuuji nokkuuji.[229] Obasanjo ina wondi e hooreejo leydi Riisi Valadimir Putin to Kremlin e hitaande 2001 Cellal renndo kadi ko huunde tiiɗnde e nder leydi Nijeer. E nder kitaale 1990, Naajeeriya ina yoɓnoo fotde 0,2% e PIB mum ngam wallitde cellal renndo, ko ɗum woni ko ɓuri famɗude e winndere ndee. Laamu Obasanjo ɓeydi ɗum haa ko ɓuri 0,4%.[237] Caɗeele cellal ɓurɗe yaawde toɗɗaade leydi Najeriya ko ñawu VIH/SIDA, Obasanjo yamiri ɗoon e ɗoon ciimtol ngonka e dow toɓɓere ndee caggal nde o heɓi laamu.[237] Ndeen o sosi Goomu Hooreejo leydi ngam haɓaade SIDA, ngu o ardii, o sosi Goomu Pewnugol Golle Ngenndiije ngam yuɓɓinde kampaañ 2000–03, jowitiingo e bayyinaango, heblo, wasiyaaji, e jarribooji ngam haɓaade mboros o. Ngam yahduki yeeso ngam njamu jama'aare, o fuɗɗi kampaniire kesum ngam hurgugo ceede laamu lesdi Naajeeriya ngam etaade nyiɓugo suudu nyawndiigu nder kala nokkure 774 laamu lesdi Naajeeriya == Politik caggal leydi == Obasanjo e Donald Rumsfeld to Pentagon e hitaande 2001 Ina jeyaa e golle Obasanjo mawɗe, ɗe o heɓi heen, moƴƴitinde innde leydi Nijeer e nder winndere ndee, nde o bonni e laamu Abacha. O waɗii ko ina ɓura feccere e manndaa makko gadano caggal leydi, o yilliima leyɗeele 92 haa e lewru oktoobar 2002. E lewru oktoobar 1999, Obasanjo sosi Goomu (Commission Bi-National) hakkunde Afrik worgo e Niiseer ngam yeewtidde e gollondiral hakkunde leyɗeele ɗiɗi ɗee, ɓurɗe mawnude e Afrik worgo Saharaa. Obasanjo jokki jokkindiral Naajeeriya bee U.S., o waddi walliinde U.S. ngam wallugo janngirde sooje'en Naajeeriya. O jokkondirii no feewi e hooreejo leydi Amerik biyeteeɗo Bill Clinton, o jokkondiri kadi e lomto Clinton, hono George W. Bush ; Bush yilliima Abuja e hitaande 2003, Obasanjo yilliima Wasinton e hitaande 2006.[240] E jokkude jokkondiral ɓurngal welde e U.K. ko ɓuri ko o joginoo e kitaale 1970, o tawtoraama batu makko gadano Commonwealth e lewru Noowammbar 1999, o jaɓɓi ɗum e lewru Duujal 2003, ɗo o heɓi njeenaari teddungal e juuɗe laamɗo debbo Biritaan biyeteeɗo Elizabeth II.[240] Nde Obasanjo heɓi laamu, o huninooma ittude konu leydi Najeriya e leydi Siyeraa Leyoon. E lewru ut 1999, o hollitii limre ngam ɓe ngurtina, hay so tawii noon ɗum dartinaama nde konu jam ONU moofti, ngu Nijeer rokki ɗum 4000 soldaat. Ndee doole yalti ko e hitaande 2005.[241] E nder jiiɓru to leydi Liberia, Obasanjo yamiri konu leydi Nijeer yo naata leydi ndii e lewru ut 2003 ; ɓe njalti e komanndaaji ONU lebbi ɗiɗi caggal ɗuum.[240] Obasanjo hokki Charles Taylor, hooreejo lesdi Liberiya, mo laamu mum woppi, o hokka mo haa lesdi Naajeeriya, koo ngam ɓaawo man o warti mo haa lesdi Liberiya ngam o ɗon ƴama mo ngam warhoore konu dow ƴamol hooreejo lesdi Liberiya keso, Ellen Johnson Sirleaf.[242] E yiɗde haɗude Naajeeriya yaltude e hareeji nder leydi ɗi yimɓe njiɗaa, o salii ɗaɓɓaande konu Naajeeriya ngam tawtoreede naatgol ECOMOG e nder wolde hakkunde leyɗeele Gine-Bisaawo e golle jam 2002 to Kodduwaar. E ɗaɓɓaande Angalteer, o walli e nanondiral hakkunde laamu Zimbaabwee mo Robert Mugabe, ngam hirjinde laamu nguu e ƴettude gese ɗe ɓaleeɓe jeyi e dow fenaande. O wondi e hooreejo leydi Afrik worgo hono Thabo Mbeki e gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi Ostarali John Howard, o jeyaa ko e fedde nde Commonwealth halfinaa ngam haɓaade Zimbaabwee.[243] Obasanjo e Mbeki njilliima Zimbaabwee laabi tati ngam golloraade dipolomasi deeƴɗo, kono ɓe keɓaani heen nafoore, ɓe mbiya Mugabe yo woppu laamu walla sosde laamu renndinde laamu e luulndiiɓe Mouvement pour le changement démocratique.[239] == Haɓde e jiiɓru leƴƴi e diineeji == Bush ina yeewtida e Obasanjo e nder batu G8 to Farayse, lewru suwee 2003 Caggal nde Obasanjo suɓaa, nokku ɗo sariyaaji lislaam ngoni ɗoo, wonti jeewte mawɗe e nder politik leydi Najeriya. Gila leydi ndii heɓi jeytaare mum, sharia ina jokki e ñaawde siwil hakkunde juulɓe wonɓe e dowlaaji worgo ɗii ; ñaawooɓe bonanndeeji ɗii laawɗinaaka e sariyaaji sharia, huunde nde mettini won e juulɓe.[244] E lewru suwee 1999, guwerneer diiwaan Zamfara, hono Ahmed Sani, hollitii naatgol timmungol shari’a e nder oon diiwaan, hay so tawii noon o hollitii wonde ɗum jogori huutoreede tan ko e hoɗɓe e juulɓe, wonaa e yimɓe ɓe ngonaa lislaam en. Ɗuum waɗi kulhuli nder yimɓe Kirista'en pamari nder woyla lesdi Naajeeriya, bee seppooji e seppooji feere-feere ɗon ngadda fitinaaji, haa fahin haa Kaduna.[244] Across Nigeria, Christian opinion was very hostile to the introduction of sharia as the basis of state penal systems.[245] Suudu Asaambele ngenndi ndii fof ina ɗaɓɓi e Obasanjo nde nawtata haala kaa to Ñaawirde Toownde.[245] O yiɗiino woppude ɗum, o yiɗaa darnde shari’a wonta huunde doosgal.[246] E nder renndo o yiɗiino seerndude ko o inniri "sharia goonga" e "sharia politik", o yetti arano oo, o wiyi wonde ɗiɗaɓo oo ko fad mo fizzle out.[245] Nde o salii naatde heen, Obasanjo heɓi ñiŋooje sabu ŋakkeende cuusal e juuɗe yimɓe heewɓe to bannge worgo, juulɓe tiiɗɓe to bannge worgo ina ƴattoo mo.[246] E nder ɗaɓɓaande yimɓe heewɓe ummoraade e renndooji juulɓe, dowlaaji nay goɗɗi to bannge worgo ƴettii sariya kuuɓtodinɗo sharia e hitaande 2000 e jeeɗiɗi goɗɗi e hitaande 2001. Obasanjo caggal ɗuum hollitii wonde haala kaa ko caɗeele ɓurɗe mawnude ɗe o meeɗi dañde e wonde hooreejo leydi.[246] Nde Obasanjo heɓi laamu, o hulɓinii no feewi nde tawnoo leydi Najeriya ina wondi e caɗeele e fitinaaji keewɗi, tawi ko ujunnaaje ujunnaaje maayɓe. Ndee ɗoo bonannde ina ɓeydoo saɗtude sabu ɓeydagol yimɓe ina ɓeydoo yaawde, ɗum addani ɗum ɓeydagol nguleeki weeyo e pottital ngam heɓde leydi ŋakkundi e nder gure teeru.[216] Ngam haɓaade ɗum, Obasanjo ɓeydii polis leydi ndii fotde laabi ɗiɗi, gila e 120 000 haa 240 000 hakkunde 1999 e 2003.[216] Ko seeɗa waɗaa ngam haɓaade bonanndeeji polis, tawi noon torlaaji tuumaaɗo ina keddii e yaajde e laamu Obasanjo.[211] Kadi ko ɓeydi fitinaaji ɗii ko jokkere enɗam hakkunde leƴƴi, e pelle leƴƴi e diiwanuuji ceertuɗi ina ɗaɓɓi ndimaagu ɓurngu mawnude, ɗum addani yeewtooɓe heewɓe teskaade ƴaañgol leydi Naajeeriya. Wonande Obasanjo, jogaade leydi ngootiri wonti huunde mawnde.[247] Ko e sahaaji cuɓaaɗi tan o ruttotoo e konu ngam ustude jiiɓru, o ɓuri yiɗde ko waasde mooftude konu so wonaa tawa guwerneeruuji dowlaaji ɗii ina ɗaɓɓi ɗum.[248] E nder konngol makko, "en poti huutoraade doole konu tan so tawii ko heddii koo fof ronkii. Ko cfuum woni miijo am e filosof am."[249] O yi'i nafoore mawnde e yaafuya, e yaafuya, e nanondiral ngam he6de nanondiral, wonaa e 6amtaare ñaawoore warngooji bacfcfi.[250] E laamu Obasanjo, darnde fitinaaji e jiiɓru nder leydi Naajeeriya ustii.[249] == Olusẹgun Obasanjo e hooreejo leydi Beresiil Lula da Silva 2005 == Ko ɓuri heewde e miijooji ceertuɗi ko e diiwaan Delta Niiseer, ɗo pelle koɗdiiɗe ɗee njiɗnoo jogaade ko ɓuri heewde e ngalu keɓaaɗo e nokkuuji petroŋ keewɗi ngalu. E lewru sulyee 1999, Obasanjo neldi Asaambele ngenndi kuulal ngam sosde Komiseer ƴellitaare Delta Niiseer ngam siynude e huutoraade peeje ngam haɓaade diiwaan oo, huunde nde o sikki ina waawi ustude fitinaaji toon. E nder jeewte keewɗe, komisiyoŋ oo fuɗɗii ko e lewru Duujal 2000.[251] E lewru noowammbar 1999, o neldi kadi bataliyoŋaaji ɗiɗi konu e nder diiwaan Delta Niiseer ngam nanngude sukaaɓe Asawana, fedde Ijaw en nannguɓe e warde poliseeɓe to Odi, to diiwaan Bayelsa. Militeer en mbonni ko ɓuri heewde e wuro ngoo ; laamu ngu wi'i 43 mbaraama, ammaa ONG nokkuure nde'e waɗi limngal maayɓe siwil'en 2,483.[252] Obasanjo siftinii halkaare ndee wonde « ina waawi rewde » e « ina metti » , o yilliima Odi e lewru marse 2001 ; o salii ñaawde konu nguu, o ñaagii yaafuya ngam halkaare nde, o yoɓi njoɓdi walla o mahdi wuro ngoo, hay so tawii noon Komiseer ƴellitaare Delta Niiseer waɗii ɗum.[249] E hitaande 2000, Obasanjo haɗi fedde Oodua Peoples Congress (OPC), fedde ngenndiyankoore Yoruba en, nde wonnoo ko e fitinaaji e leƴƴi goɗɗi, o yamiri yo ardiiɓe mayre nannge.[253] E lewru suwee 2001, fitinaaji hakkunde Kerecee’en ɓiɓɓe leydi ndii e njulaagu juulɓe to bannge worgo e nder diiwaan Plateau, waɗii fotde 500 maayɗo hade konu nguu naatde heen, heɓtude laamu. Ndeen Obasanjo yilliima, wiyi yo ɓe nanondiral. E lewru Oktoobar 2001, seppooɓe juulɓe to Kano mbari fotde 200 Igbo ngam jaabaade ballal Nijeer e bommbooji Amerik mbaɗi e Afganistaan. Ndeen Obasanjo yilliima ngam ɗaɓɓude nanondiral kono hoɗɓe ɓee boomi ɗum.[246] E lewru oktoobar kadi, soldateeɓe neldaama ngam deeƴnude jiiɓru hakkunde renndooji Jukun e Tiv en e keeri hakkunde diiwanuuji Benue e Taraba ; ndeen militeer en Tiv nanngi ɓe mbari ɓe to Zaki-Biam. Obasanjo yamiri konu nguu yo naata, ɓe ndartini, ɓe mbari fotde 250 haa 300 gorko nokku oo. Obasanjo yilliima nokku oo e hitaande 2002, o ñaagii yaafuya sabu huutoraade doole no feewi.[249] n lewru Yarkomaa 2002, Obasanjo yamiri polis mobbooji ɗii yo ndartin Bakassi Boys, fedde vigilante gollotoonde ko ɓuri heewde e nder diiwanuuji Abia e Anambra, nde waɗi ko ina tolnoo e ujunnaaje ɗiɗi warngooji. O sikkiino waɗde ɗum ko adii ɗuum sabu ballal yimɓe ɓe fedde nde heɓi e haɓde e fedde bonnde, kono o nanii o waawii yahrude yeeso e maɓɓe caggal nde yimɓe maɓɓe ustii.[254] E oon lewru kadi, nokku ɗo balɗe 100 000 ngoni ɗoo, to kaɓirɗe Ijeka, saraaji Lagos, yani, ina waawi addande ɗum en fotde ujunnaaje ujunnaaje neɗɗo maayɗo. Obasanjo yilliima ɗoon e ɗoon.[249] Fitinaaji bonɗi kadi ina njokki e nder wuro Lagos, e lewru feebariyee 2002, konu neldaa e nder wuro ngo ngam artirde deeƴre. E lewru abriil 2002, Obasanjo hollitii sariya baawɗo haɗude leƴƴi so tawii ina cikka ina mbaawi wallitde fitinaaji, kono njuɓɓudi laamu leydi ndii salii ɗum, sibu ko ɗum huunde ɓurnde toowde e laamu hooreejo leydi.[253] Won e ardiiɓe laamu hono hooreejo suudu sarɗiiji e hooreejo suudu sarɗiiji ina ngondi e caɗeele e hooreejo leydi ndii, o haɓaama e jarribooji keewɗi ngam ustude laamu e nder suuduuji ɗiɗi ɗii kala.[255] Obasanjo dañii daɗde e laamu, o toɗɗaa. == Caggal hooreejo leydi (2007–hannde) == == Politik == == Obasanjo e Robeer Mugaabe e hitaande 2013 == O wonti hooreejo fedde PDP, omo joginoo doole e nominaasiyoŋaaji ngam heɓde jappeere laamu haa e politik e peeje. No gooto e dipolomaat en Hirnaange wiyri nii, "O anniyaaki jooɗaade e jooɗorde passenger rokka wasiyaaji e hesɗitinde nanngude taayaare so tawii Naajeeriya yaltii e laawol."[256] O woppi golle hooreejo fedde PDP e lewru abriil 2012.[257] Caggal ɗuum, o yalti e golle politik e PDP. E lewru marse 2008, Obasanjo "ina sikkaa" ko goomu parlemaa Nijeer ñaawii ɗum sabu rokkude ɗum kaayitaaji semmbe fotde miliyaaruuji 2,2 dolaar e nder laamu mum duuɓi jeetati, tawi alaa ko o waɗi so wonaa laawol. Ciimtol ngol ɗoo wiɗto meeɗaa jaɓeede e nder parlemaa leydi Najeriya fof sabu manipulaasiyoŋ e golle ɗee fof e ardorde goomu wiɗto laamu nguu. Wonaa e winndannde laawɗunde wootere, mawɗo Obasanjo ñaawaama.[258] E lewru mee 2014, Obasanjo winndi hooreejo leydi Goodluck Jonathan ngam ɗaɓɓude yo o waɗtu hakkille e innde laamu leydi Najeriya ngam yoɓde sukaaɓe rewɓe Chibok ɓe fedde Boko Haram joginoo.[259] Ñalnde 16 feebariyee 2015, o woppi lannda laamu nguu, o yamiri hooreejo diiwaan PDP yo ƴettu kaayitaaji makko e nder yeewtere jaaynde.[260] O anndiraa caggal mum ko navigateur lannda luulndo keso sosaa, hono APC.[261] Ñalnde 24 lewru Yarkomaa hitaande 2018, o winndi hooreejo leydi ndi, hono Muhammadu Buhari, o hollitii nokkuuji ɗi o ŋakkiraa, o wasiyii mo nde o woppataa laamu e hitaande 2019.[262] Haa hannde denndaangal ɓataakeeji makko feewde e hooreeɓe leydi ndii ina adii njillu maɓɓe.[263] Ñalnde 31 lewru Yarkoma hitaande 2018, o fuɗɗi diɗɗal siyaasaaku bi'eteengal "Kawtal ngam Diɗɗal Naajeeriya" (CNM) haa Abuja.[264] Ñalnde 10 lewru mbooy hitaande 2018, dillere ndee ƴetti lannda politik, hono Kongres Demokaratik Afrik (ADC).[265] Ñalnde 20 noowammbar 2018, Obasanjo hollitii e dow laabi gartugol mum[266] e lannda luulndo mawngo, hono lannda Demokaraasi Leƴƴi (PDP) e nder udditgol deftere wiyeteende My Transition Hours, nde gonnooɗo hooreejo leydi ndii, hono Goodluck Jonathan winndi. Ñalnde 22 lewru bowte hitaande 2022, Obasanjo hollitii wonde o woppii politik partiiji, caggal nde o jaɓɓi depiteeji ngenndiiji lannda Demokaraasi Leƴƴi [PDP] to hoɗorde makko to Ota, to diiwaan Ogun, to leydi Nijeer[267] == Dipolomasi == Obasanjo toɗɗaa ko nulaaɗo keeriiɗo to leydi Konngo, to leydi Konngo, ndi wolde yani e mum. O waɗi batuuji ceertuɗi e gardiiɗo leydi RDC Joseph Kabila e gardiiɗo luulndiiɓe laamu nguu hono Laurent Nkunda. E nder wooteeji Zimbaabwee e lewru sulyee 2013, Obasanjo ardii delegaasiyoŋ ƴeewooɓe wooteeji Dental Afrik.[268] E hitaande 2022, Obasanjo waɗii hakkunde kaaldigal jam hakkunde laamu Ecoppi e fedde wiyeteende Tigre e les njiimaandi Dental Afrik, haa arti noon e dartagol wolde Tigre ñalnde 2 noowammbar 2022.[269] E hitaande 2025, Obasanjo toɗɗaama yo won hakkundeejo e nder renndo Afrik fuɗnaange e renndo ƴellitaare Afrik worgo e nder leydi Konngo e nder kampaañ M23 (2022–hannde).[270] == Jaŋde ɓeydaande == E lewru desaambar 2017, Obasanjo ƴetti doktoraa mum. tesis e nder diine to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde leydi Najeriya. == Miijo politik == To bannge miijooji, Obasanjo ko ngenndiyanke Najeriya.[27] O ɗon mari haaje yidde lesdi Naajeeriya e nuɗɗinki dow Naajeeriya foti jogaago lesdi-leydi woore, naa ngam senndindirki dow laabi lenyol.[275] E hitaande 2001, o hollitii wonde faandaare makko juutnde ko "moƴƴinde kala sifaa ɓiyleydaagu so wonaa ɓiyleydaagu leydi Nijeer". O wi'i ɓustugo lesdi Naajeeriya dow laabi le'i, ɗum waddan laɓɓinki le'i e fitinaaji ɗi yi'aama wakkati hareeji Yugoslawi nder kitaale 1990.[275] Iliffe wi'i Obasanjo'en lesdi Naajeeriya ɗon mari bawɗe ngam o wurti diga yimɓe mawɓe Yoruba'en e wakkati maako nder konu, haa o huwi bee sooje'en diga lenyol feere-feere.[27] Demokaraasi ina waawi waasde jogaade ƴellitaare faggudu yaawnde walla ngalu kono ko ɗum, ko famɗi fof, mbaadi laamu ɓurndi moƴƴude haa jooni, ndi addanta ko ɓuri heewde e yimɓe tawtoreede no haanirta nii e nder peeje e geɗe jowitiiɗe e laamu mum en. Demokaraasi ko cuɓal ngal laamɓe ɓuri yiɗde... E nder ngonka leydi Naajeeriya, demokaraasi ko kañum tan woni koolaaɗo kuuɓal baawɗo hawrude e pelle leslese ceertuɗe e nder leñol jogiingol daɗndo ngootaagu, potal e darnde wootere e nder dumunna. == — Olusegun Obasanjo ko faati e demokaraasi, hitaande 1990[276] == Iliffe hollitii wonde teeŋtinde politik nanondiral ko "kuulal gonngal dow ngal" e nder nguurndam Obasanjo fof.[68] Nde o woni e laamu e kitaale 1970, Obasanjo hollitii ñiŋooje makko e "luulndaare juɓɓule" e laamu nguu.[109] E miijo makko, ɗum "ina luurdi no feewi e ko ɓuri heewde e pinal e golle politik Afrik."[161] E nder nokkuuji ɗo o luulndii laamu nguu, o miijii wonde lanndaaji luulndiiɗi ɗii ina poti waɗde heen geɗe moƴƴe,[161] e wonde politikaaji ɗii ina poti jokkude njiylawu nanondiral, wonaa waɗde luural ko juuti. O sikki wonde pottital politik ina jogii batte cemmbinɗe, ɗe nganndu-ɗaa ina teskaa e leydi ƴellitoori hono Nijeer, kadi deeƴre ina foti reeneede.[109] Obasanjo ɗon wolwa haa batu hitaande 2014, kawtal Banki Afriknaajo ngam ɓamtaare lesdi Kigali Nde o mettini e ko o yi’i ko ina wona ŋakkeende laamu demokaraasi wakilaagu e nder fuɗɗoode kitaale 1980, Obasanjo fuɗɗii hollirde ballal mum e dowla gooto e nder leydi Najeriya. O wiyi noon wonde ooɗoo dowla gooto ina foti wallitde yimɓe fof e nder laamu, teddinde jojjanɗe aadee, e reende ndimaagu haalde.[161] Caggal mum e kitaale 1980, o jeertinii eɓɓaande dowla lanndaaji ɗiɗi ɗi Babangida ƴettunoo, o miijii wonde so Babangida ina miijo lannda hakkunde-nano e hakkunde-nyaamo ina kaɓa hakkunde mum en, alaa e sago ɗum ƴellitoo haa wonta lannda gooto lomtotooɗo Kerecee’en fuɗnaange, lannda goɗɗo oo lomtotooɗo juulɓe fuɗnaange][16]. O wi'i haa nokkuure nden o wi'i walaa keerol dow limngal lanndaaji siyaasaaku ɗi mbaawata sosde, koo ngam o wi'i to ɗum waawataa waɗugo nden Naajeeriya laatoto lesdi lannda woore.[161] E nder njiimaandi Dental Sowiyet e fuɗɗoode kitaale 1990 e yah-ngartaa caggal ɗuum feewde e politik lanndaaji keewɗi e nder Afrik, Obasanjo kadi wonti balloowo lanndaaji keewɗi == Jaɓɓungal e ndonu == Statue Olusegun Obasanjo to Owerri, diiwaan Imo, leydi Najeriya. John Iliffe siftinii Obasanjo wonde "tergal ɓurngal teeŋtude e yonta ɗiɗaɓo ardiiɓe Afrik jeyaaɓe e leydi ndii, ɓe ndarni koye mum en ngam semmbinde dowlaaji mum en caggal koloñaal".[275] O sikki ko geɗe nay mawɗe ɗe Obasanjo waɗi e laamu mum : o jokki e jogaade heen geɗel gootel e nder leydi ndii, o jokki e jogaade doole e nder leydi ndii, o wallitorii sosde Dental Afrik, o ustii ñamaale leydi ndii caggal leydi.[248] E lewru desaambar 1999, tolno jaɓgol makko ina tolnoo e 84% ; e hitaande 2001 ko 72% ; e lewru suwee 2003 nde ustii haa 39%.[234] Obasanjo ina tuumanoo laabi keewɗi fenaande e nder nguurndam mum fof, hay so tawii noon kanko e hoore makko o wiyi wonde golle makko ko goonga.[229] Ɓeen ñiŋooɓe Obasanjo ina cikki wonde caggal nde o nanngaa e kasoo e kitaale 1990, o ɓeydii faamde wonde ko o neɗɗo masiŋ, o woppii neɗɗaagu makko, o ɓeydii kadi tiiɗnaade e goongɗinde wonde ko ɗum woni darnde makko nde Alla yamiri ngam laamaade leydi Najeriya.[299] Ɓeen ñiŋooɓe Obasanjo ina cikki wonde o bonnii laamu, haa teeŋti noon e manndaa makko ɗiɗaɓo, o wonti ko miijo jogaade laamu haa abada.[282] E nder manndaa makko gadano e nder laamu, o dañii heen gaññeeje e banndiraaɓe makko Yoruba en, ɓe cikkatnoo ko o fotnoo waɗde ko ɓuri ɗum ngam ɓamtude nafooje leñol makko e nder laamu.[300] Caggal nde o nanngaa, Obasanjo wiyi wonde ñiŋooje ina kuutoree tan ngam tabitinde « goonga e haala am » e hollirde ñiŋooje makko « bonɗe e nder aduna dogɗo e bonɗo ».[299] Defte ɗe obasanjo winndi Watch am Volume 1: Nguurndam arano e konu Watch am Volume 2: Geɗe politik e renndo Watch am Volume 3: Jooni e ndeen Yamiroore am Nzeogwu Daaba Wiyeteeɗo Neɗɗo Fajiri Keso Thabo Mbeki mo anndi Afrik E Gite Patriot Waɗde Afrik ina golla: Deftere janngirnde Waɗde nanondiral e jokkondiral Amerik e Afrik: yeewtere joyaɓere nde David M. Abshire rokki, ñalnde 15 lewru Duujal hitaande 1987 Afrik e nder Yiyngo Ɓataakeeji ngam waylude aduna: Gila e Pankhurst haa e Orwell Wonaa Yiɗde am Golle Demokaraasi : Rewindaade politik ngam nafoore Afrik Watch am Caɗeele Ardorde e nder Afrik Gaañanɗe wolde : Coodguuli ƴellitaare e nder Sudaan worgo Ardiiɓe ngam duwaawu moƴƴo Caɗeele peewnugol ndema e kisal nguura e nder Afrik Haɓde e caɗeele sukaaɓe Afrik e ŋakkeende nguura : darnde ndema Afrik e nder sosde golle Dust Suspended: Ciimtol nguurndam koloñaal, caggal leydi e nguurndam dipolomaasi 1953 haa 1986 Afrik e lewru marse: deftere ngam faggudu leydi ndii Suɓngooji Afrik teeŋtuɗi : Noddaango ngam ƴellitde laawol Pan-Afrik Njeenaaje e teddungal 1981–87, tergal, Goomu UNESCO ngam jam e nder hakkillaaji worɓe 1983–89 Tergal, Goomu keeriiɗo ngam ustude kaɓirɗe e kisal (Goomu Olaf Palme) 1983, tergal Goomu annduɓe OMS ko faati e batte kaɓirɗe nukliyeer 1986, hooreejo fedde yimɓe mawɓe Commonwealth ko faati e Afrik worgo 1986, tergal, Goomu Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe ko faati e Neɗɗo Toowɗo ko faati e jokkondiral hakkunde Ƴellitaare e Ƴellitaare 1987–93, gardiiɗo fedde winndereere ɓurnde moƴƴude, Wasinton D.C. 1988–89, Sosɗo e hooreejo, Fedde Ardorde Afrik e hooreejo, Yiilirde Ngenndiire, Fooyre Ardorde Afrik Inc. New York 1988 (mee), hooreejo, Heɗto Namibi, Fedde Adunaare Eklesiyaaji, Wasinton D.C 1988–99, Jaagorgal keeringal to Duɗal Adunawal Demal Toowngal, Ibadan 1989, tergal teddungal, Goomu toppitiingu njeenaari yimɓe Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe 1989, tergal, Fedde nde wonaa laamuyankoore ngam ƴellitaare kaalis wonande leyɗeele ƴellitiiɗe (Komisiyoŋ Schmidt) 1989 Tergal, Goomu Wagginoore, Parlemaa Golle Adunaaje 1989–99, hooreejo, Goomu Wagginooji, Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe (TI) 1990, tergal, Goomu Wagginoore, Duɗal Etikaaji Aduna Tergal, Yiilirde Ngenndiire, duɗal Afriknaajo Ameriknaajo 1991–93, Bayyinoowo, Fedde Afrik lewru kala 1991, tergal, Diiso yimɓe mawɓe, Reso kaaldigal hakkunde leyɗeele, Carter Center to Duɗal Jaaɓi-haaɗtirde Emory, Atlanta 1991, tergal, Diiso Wasiyaaji, Njeenaari Nguura Aduna, Des Moines, Iowa 1992, tergal, fedde toppitiinde ko fayti e kaalis Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe (Fondation Ford) 1993–95, tergal, Goomu Wasiyaaji Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe ko faati e Afrik 1994 – Yiylotooɗo laawɗuɗo wooteeji to Mosammbik e noddaango laamu Mosammbik 1994–99 Tergal, Goomu Wagginoore, Goomu Carnegies ngam haɗde hareeji maayɗi 1995–99, ko o gardiiɗo PNUD ngam ƴellitaare aadee Joom mum e mawɗo Promoter, Duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde karallaagal Bells, Ota.[22] Ƴeew kadi Defterdu hooreejo leydi Olusegun Obasanjo Tuugnorgal 0kagabtdk3bw8vszen9azqvxva4xs0d 175867 175864 2026-06-23T09:25:00Z Ilya Discuss 10103 #1Lib1Ref 175867 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Mawɗo Olusegun Matthew Okikiola''' Ogunboye Aremu Obasanjo GCFR (// C; Yoruba: Olúṣẹ́gun Ọbásanjọ́ [ōlúʃɛ́ɡũ̄ ɔ̄básã̄d͡ʒɔ́] R; jibinaa ko c. ndema, e gonnooɗo seneraal konu gonnooɗo hooreejo leydi Naajeeriya gila 1976 haa 1979, caggal ɗuum o woni hooreejo leydi ndii gila 1999 haa 2007. To bannge miijo, ko o ngenndiyanke Naajeeriya, o jeyaa ko e lannda Demokaraasi Leƴƴi (PDP) gila 1998 haa 2019. Obasanjo jibinaa ko e wuro Ibogun-Olaogun, e nder galle remoowo, jeyaaɗo e leñol Owu, Obasanjo janngi ko ɓuri heewde e wuro wiyeteengo Abeokuta, to diiwaan Ogun. O naati konu leydi Naajeeriya, o janngi ko faati e inndeeji, o golliima to Konngo, Angalteer, e Inndo, o arti e darnde Major. E darorɗe kitaale 1960, o waɗii darnde mawnde e haɓaade seernaaɓe Biafra e nder wolde hakkunde leyɗeele Nijeer, o jaɓi dogde e hitaande 1970. E hitaande 1975, kuudetaa konu sosi junta e Obasanjo e nder laamu mum tati. Caggal nde hooreejo triumvirate, hono Murtala Muhammed, waraa e hitaande rewtunde ndee, Diiso toowngo konu toɗɗii Obasanjo hooreejo leydi ndii. Jokkude politik Murtala, Obasanjo ƴeewtindiima taƴgol bidsee e yaajnude jaŋde ekkolaaji ɗi ngalaa njoɓdi. Ɓesdugo hawtuki lesdi Naajeeriya bee lesdi Amerika, o teddini kadi ballal pelle luutndiiɗe laamu ɓaleeɓe pamari nder Afrika woylaare. Obasanjo ɗon mari haaje wartirgo demokaraasi, o ardi woote 1979, ɓaawo man o hokki laamu lesdi Naajeeriya haa hooreejo lesdi siwil keso, Shehu Shagari. Ndeen Obasanjo artii e golle mum to Ota, Ogun, ɗo o wonti demoowo, o yaltini defte nay, o tawtoraama eɓɓooji winndereeji ngam joofnude hareeji Afrik ceertuɗi. E hitaande 1993, Sani Abacha heɓti laamu e kuudetaa konu. Obasanjo ina ñiŋa laamu Abacha e peeñcu, e hitaande 1995 o nanngaa, o ñaawaa wonde o jeyaa ko e kuudetaa peewnaaɗo, hay so tawii o seppii wonde o alaa ella. Nde o woni e kasoo ndee, o wonti Kerecee’en jibinaaɗo, tawi ko providentialism ina tiiɗtini no feewi e yi’annde makko aduna caggal ɗuum. O woppitaama caggal maayde Abacha e hitaande 1998. Obasanjo naati e politik wooteeji, o wonti kanndidaa PDP e wooteeji hooreleydaagu 1999, ɗi o dañi. Ko o hooreejo leydi, o woppi politik militeer en, kamɓe ɗiɗo fof ɓe njaajni polis, ɓe moofti konu ngam haɓaade fitinaaji leƴƴi, diineeji, e seernaaɓe jaajɗi. O itti sooje'en lesdi Naajeeriya diga lesdi Siyeraa Leone, o hokki hukuumaaji pamari feere-feere ngam ustugo ceede lesdi ndi'i. O artiraa e woote 2003. E nder miijooji Pan-Afrik, o woniino daraniiɗo no feewi sosde Dental Afrik, o woniino hooreejo mayre tuggi 2004 haa 2006. Eɓɓooje Obasanjo ngam waylude doosɗe leydi ngam ittude keeri manndaa hooreejo leydi, ɗe njahraani no haanirta nii, ɗe ngaddani ɗum ñiŋooje. Caggal nde o woppi golle, o heɓi doktoraa makko e ganndal diine to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde National Open to leydi Najeriya. == Nguurndam gadano == Baaba Olusegun Obasanjo, Obasanjo Bankole, jeyaa ko e ardiiɓe hoɗɓe e sosɓe wuro Igbogun Olaogun e fuɗɗoode kitaale 1920. Hay so tawii ko o demoowo keewɗo jawdi, o jom jawdi en, omo hiisee wonde miskiino sabu o jeyaaka e yimɓe jannguɓe e nder leydi Yoruba. Bankole hawri e Bernice Ashabi, njulaagu tokooso to Igbogun, kamɓe ɗiɗo fof ɓe resndi. Ɓeeɗoo ɗiɗo ina njogii ɓiɓɓe ɗiɗo heddiiɓe e nder jeegom : Olusegun e Adunni Oluwola, miñiiko debbo gooto. E wiyde paaspoor makko, Olusegun Obasanjo jibinaa ko ñalnde 5 marse 1937 hay so tawii noon alaa ko winndaa e mum hannde, ñalngu nguu ko limto ɓadiiɗo. Olusegun ko jeyaaɗo e Laamu Owu. O mawni ko e Baptiste. Debbo makko caggal mum naati lislaam ngam resde gorko juulɗo.[9] E duuɓi sappo e go'o, o naati duɗal leslesal wuro ngo,[10] caggal duuɓi tati, e hitaande 1951, o naati duɗal Baptist Day to nokku Owu to Abeokuta.[11] E hitaande 1952 o arti e duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde sukaaɓe Baptist,[12] kadi e nder wuro ngo. Feccere e njoɓdi duɗal makko ko dokke laamu.[13] Obasanjo waɗii ko moƴƴi e jaŋde,[14] e nder duɗal o wonti Boy Scout keewɗo faayiida.[15] Hay so tawii alaa ko holliti wonde e oon sahaa o tawtoraama kala pelle politik,[15] ko e nder duɗal hakkundeewal Obasanjo salii innde makko adannde "Matthew" ngam wonde golle luulndiiɗe koloñaal.[16] E nder ɗuum, baaba Obasanjo woppi debbo mum e sukaaɓe mum ɗiɗo.[17] Nde o yani e baasal, yumma Obasanjo ina foti golloraade njulaagu ngam wuurde.[15] Ngam yoɓugo ceede janngirde maako, Obasanjo ɗon huuwa haa gese kakawo e kola, ɗon ligga, ɗon mooɓa leɗɗe, ɗon sooda ceene mahooɓe. E nder balɗe udditgol duɗal ngal kadi o golliima e duɗal ngal, omo taƴa huɗo e golle juuɗe goɗɗe.[18] E hitaande 1956, Obasanjo waɗi jaŋde mum hakkundeere, caggal nde o ñamli kaalis ngam yoɓde njoɓdi naatgol.[19] E oon hitaande kadi, o fuɗɗii jokkondirde e Oluremi Akinlawon, ɓiy Owu mawɗo station. Ɓe ndarniino dewgal haa hitaande 1958.[20] O yalti duɗal, o fayi Ibadan, o ƴetti golle jannginde. Ko ɗoon o jooɗii e ekzamen naatgol to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Ibadan, kono hay so o jaɓii o tawi o waawaa yoɓde njoɓdi jaŋde.[19] Ndeen Obasanjo fellitii jokkude golle mum e nder konu leydi Najeriya, ngam heɓde ngal gollal, e hitaande 1958 o jaabiima eɓɓoore ngam janngude ofiseeji cadet e nder konu leydi Najeriya.[21][22] == Fuɗɗoode golle konu (1958-1966) == == Heblo konu: 1958-1959 == E lewru marse 1958, Obasanjo naati e konu leydi Najeriya.[23] O yi’i ɗum ko fartaŋŋe jokkude jaŋde makko tawa omo heɓa njoɓdi;[24] o humpitaaki ɗoon e ɗoon ɓesngu makko, o hulii wonde jibnaaɓe makko ina njaɓa ɗum.[25] Ko e oon sahaa konu leydi Najeriya ina jokki e juuɗe laamu koloñaal leydi Najeriya, ngam heblude ndimaagu leydi Najeriya timmungu, kadi ina waɗi eɓɓooje ngam heɓde yimɓe leydi Najeriya ɓurɓe heewde e nder darnde konu mum.[25] Ndeen o neldaama to duɗal jaŋde ofiseeji jooɗɗi to Teshie to leydi Gana.[23] Nde o woni caggal leydi, o neldi ɓataakeeji e dokke to jom suudu makko to leydi Najeriya.[20] E lewru suwee 1958, o suɓaa ngam ɓeydaade heblo lebbi jeegom to duɗal Mons Officer Cadet to Aldershot, to fuɗnaange Angalteer. Obasanjo yiɗaa ɗum toon, o sikkatnoo ko ɗum juɓɓule njiyaagu e njiyaagu, o tawi ina saɗi ko jokkondiri e dumunna Engele ɓurɗo toowde e ɓuuɓde.[26] Nde semmbini miijooji makko bonɗi e laamu Biritaan e hakke mum laamaade e dow laamuuji mum koloñaal en.[24] To Mons, o heɓi komisoŋ e seedantaagal to bannge innde. Nde Obasanjo woni to leydi Angalteer, yumma mum maayi. Baaba makko ndeen maayi ko hitaande caggal ɗuum.[27] E hitaande 1959, Obasanjo arti Nijeer. Ko ɗoon o artiraa to Kaduna, o woni subaltern infanterie e bataliyoŋ joyaɓo.[27] Wakkati maako haa Kaduna woni wakkati arandejum nde Obasanjo jooɗi haa nokkure nde juulɓe ɗuuɗi.[27] Ko nde o woni toon, e lewru Oktoobar 1960, leydi Nijeer wonti leydi ndimaagu.[28][22] == Kiiriis Konngo: 1960-1961 == == Ƴeew kadi: Kiriis Konngo == Caggal ɗuum seeɗa, bataliyoŋ joyaɓo neldaa to Konngo ngam jeyeede e konu Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe ngam haɓaade jam. Ko ɗoon bataliyoŋ oo woni e nder diiwaan Kivu, tawi ko ɗoon woni Bukavu.[28] To leydi Konngo, Obasanjo e woɗɓe ina njoginoo darnde reende siwil en, haa arti noon e leñol Belsik, e soldateeɓe murtuɓe e laamu Patrice Lumumba.[28] E lewru feebariyee 1961, Obasanjo nanngaa e juuɗe murtuɓe nde o ummotoo e misiyoŋaaji katolik en e nder dingiral sara Bukavu. Mutinooɓe ɓee miijinoo ko warde mo kono ɓe njamiraama yo ɓe njaltu. E lewru mee 1961, bataliyoŋ joyaɓo ummii Konngo, arti Najeriya.[28] E nder wolde nde, o toɗɗaama kapiteen wakkati.[24] O teskiima caggal ɗuum wonde sahaa mo o woni e Konngo oo ina semmbina "fervour pan-africain" bataliyoŋ makko.[28] == Gartugol e leydi Konngo: 1961-1966 == Nde o arti, Obasanjo soodi oto makko gadano, o naati e opitaal ko juuti sabu rafi reedu. Nde o selli, o artiraa e Korse Innjiniyaaruuji konu. E hitaande 1962 o jooɗii to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Royal College to Angalteer. Ko ɗoon o ɓuri waawde, o siforaa ko "almuudo Commonwealth ɓurɗo waawde". Oon hitaande, o yoɓi Akinlawon ngam yahde Londres ɗo o waawi naatde e kursus heblo. Ɓeeɗoo ɗiɗo resndi ɗum ko e lewru suwee 1963 to biro binnditagol Camberwell Green, ɓe nganndini ɓesnguuji maɓɓe tan caggal nde ɓe mbaɗi hiirde ndee.E ndeen hitaande, Obasanjo yamiraama yo o hoot to leydi Nijeer, hay so tawii debbo makko ina heddii to Londres duuɓi tati goɗɗi ngam timminde jaŋde makko. Nde o naati Naajeeriya, Obasanjo hoosi ardungal konu Innjiniyaaruuji ladde, jooɗiiɗum haa Kaduna. E nder konu, Obasanjo ina jokki e yahrude yeeso e nder darɗe, o wonti mawɗo e hitaande 1965. O huutoriima ngalu makko ngam soodde leydi, e fuɗɗoode kitaale 1960 o heɓi jawdi to Ibadan, Kaduna, e Lagos. E hitaande 1965, Obasanjo neldaa leydi Inndo. E nder laawol, o yilliima debbo makko to Londres. To leydi Indiya, o janngi to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde toppitiingal ko fayti e cellal to Wellington, caggal ɗuum to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Innjiniyaaruuji to Poona. Obasanjo hulɓinii e heege nde o seedtii e nder leydi Indiya hay so tawii o ƴettii nafoore e pinal leydi ndii, huunde nde addani mo janngude defte diineeji nannditooji. == Hare nder leydi Naajeeriya == == Winndannde mawnde: Hare nder leydi Najeriya == == Golle makko ko adii wolde hakkunde leyɗeele: 1966-1967 == Obasanjo ummi Naajeeriya nder lewru January hitaande 1966 ngam heɓugo lesdi ndi'i nder kuudetaa konu ngu Major Emmanuel Ifeajuna ardii. Obasanjo ina jeyaa e jeertinɓe wonde ngonka kaa ina waawi jippaade e wolde nder leydi.O hollitii wonde maa o won hakkunde ƴaañooɓe kuudetaa e laamu siwil, ngu rokki laamu nguu e juuɗe hooreejo konu Johnson Aguiyi-Ironsi. Nde kuudetaa oo ronki, Olusegun hawri e Ironsi to Lagos. Ironsi ɓooyaani ko timmini fedde nde e nder leydi Najeriya rewrude e yamiroore mum kawral e lewru mee 1966, huunde nde ɓuuɓni jiiɓru leƴƴi. E darorɗe lewru sulyee, kuudetaa ɗiɗmo waɗi. To wuro Ibadan, sooja'en iwdi woyla lesdi Naajeeriya ɗon ƴama, ɓe mbari Ironsi, ɓe mbari fodde teemeɗɗe ɗiɗi sooje'en ko ɓuri ɗuuɗugo ɓe iwdi lesdi Naajeeriya. Seneraal Yaakubu Gowon heɓti laamu. Nde ooɗoo kuudetaa waɗata nde Obasanjo wonnoo ko to Maiduguri. Nande ɗum, o yaawi hootde Kaduna. Ko ɗoon o tawi konu worgo ummoriiɗo e bataliyoŋ tataɓo ina ronka, ina torloo, ina wara soldateeɓe Igbo en. Gomnaajo lesdi Naajeeriya, Hassan Katsina, annditi dow koo ngam Olusegun naa Igbo, bana no o woni mo woylaare lesdi Naajeeriya, o ɗon nder ɓilla haa sooja'en murtuɓe. Ngam reenaade ɓe, Katsina neldi Olusegun e debbo mum ngarta Maiduguri balɗe sappo, tawi fitinaaji ɗii ina ustoo. Caggal ɗuum, Obasanjo neldi debbo mum to Lagos, tawi omo hoota Kaduna kanko e hoore makko, o woni ɗoon haa lewru Yarkomaa 1967. E oon sahaa ko kanko woni ofisee Yoruba ɓurɗo mawnude tawaaɗo to bannge worgo. E lewru Yarkomaa 1967, Obasanjo toɗɗaama to Lagos ngam wonde mawɗo Injineer konu.Hare hakkunde leƴƴi Igbo e leƴƴi worgo ina jokki e ɓeydaade, e lewru mee, ofisee konu Igbo C. Odumegwu Ojukwu hollitii jeytaare nokkuuji ɓurɗi heewde Igbo e nder fuɗnaange-rewo leydi Bi. Ñalnde 3 lewru juko, laamu leydi Najeriya neldi Obasanjo to Ibadan ngam wonde hooreejo leydi Hirnaange.Hare hakkunde konu leydi Najeriya e seernaaɓe Biafran fuɗɗii ko ñalnde 6 lewru juko. Ñalnde 9 sulyee, Ojukwu neldi koloñaal konu Biafra dow pont Niiseer ngam yiɗde heɓtude Mid-West, nokku ɗo ɓe mbaawi ummoraade Lagos. Obasanjo yiɗiino uddude laabi jahduɗi e wuro ngo. Komandaajo Yoruba biyeteeɗo Victor Banjo, ardinooɗo konu njanngu Biafran, etinooma waawnude Obasanjo yoo ɓe njaltu, kono o salii. == Kuugal konu lesdi: 1967-1970 == "Kolonel Olu Obasanjo, gardinooɗo diɗɗal tataɓal". Jaaynde Naajeeriya keso, hello 7, 12 lewru Yarkomaa 1970. Gagga hare nder leydi Naajeeriya e Biafra. Ndeen Obasanjo toɗɗaama hooreejo caggal diɗɗal ɗiɗaɓal Murtala Muhammed, gollotoongal to Mid-Ouest. Obasanjo woni ko e jooɗaade to Ibadan, ko kañum halfinaa Division ɗiɗaɓo oo jogaade kaɓirɗe. E nder wuro ngo, Obasanjo jannginii course ganndal konu to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Ibadan, o mahi jokkondiral makko e nder elite Yoruba. E nder wolde nde, wonno ko jiiɓru mawndu e nder Dowla Hirnaange, ngam daɗde e ɗeen caɗeele, Obasanjo woppi golle mum e nder Diiso doosɗe Hirnaange.Nde Obasanjo woɗɗi Ibadan e lewru noowammbar 1968, gure jogiiɗe kaɓirɗe ɗe fedde remooɓe Agbekoya moofti, njani e galle laamorɗo Ibadan. Konuuji ɗii njaabtii, mbari sappo e fitinaaji ɗii. Nde Obasanjo arti o yamiri yo ñaawirde ƴeewto kewuuji ɗii. == Yamiroore konu: 1967-1970 == "Kolonel Olu Obasanjo, gardinooɗo diɗɗal tataɓal". Jaaynde Naajeeriya keso, hello 7, 12 lewru Yarkomaa 1970. Gagga hare nder leydi Naajeeriya e Biafra. Ndeen Obasanjo toɗɗaama hooreejo caggal diɗɗal ɗiɗaɓal Murtala Muhammed, gollotoongal to Mid-Ouest. Obasanjo ina jooɗii to Ibadan, ko kañum halfinaa Division ɗiɗaɓo oo jogaade kaɓirɗe. E nder wuro ngo, Obasanjo jannginii course ganndal konu to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Ibadan, o mahi jokkondiral makko e nder elite Yoruba. E nder wolde nde, wonno ko jiiɓru mawndu e nder Dowla Hirnaange, ngam daɗde e ɗeen geɗe, Obasanjo woppi golle e nder Diiso doosɗe Dowla Hirnaange. Nde Obasanjo woɗɗi Ibadan e lewru noowammbar 1968, wuro ngo ina jogii balɗe, ngo fedde remooɓe Agbekoya moofti, yani e galle laamorɗo Ibadan. Konuuji ɗii njaabtii, mbari sappo e fitinaaji ɗii. Nde Obasanjo arti o yamiri yo ñaawirde ƴeewto kewuuji ɗii. Gowon felliti lomtaade Kolonel Benjamin Adekunle, ardinooɗo njanngu Biafra, kono ina haani Yoruba mawɗo goɗɗo. O suɓii ko Obasanjo, hay so tawii noon o alaa humpito hare. Obasanjo arii Port Harcourt ngam heɓtude golle ɗee ñalnde 16 mee 1969 ; o ardii hannde hakkunde 35 000 e 40 000 soldaat. O waɗii jonte jeegom gadane ɗee ko e riiwtude njangu Biafran e Aba. O yilliima kala nokku e yeeso, o gaañiiɗo e waɗde ɗum. Ɗee golle ngaddi mo innde cuusal e nder worɓe makko E lewru desaambar, Obasanjo fuɗɗii golle Finishing Touch, yamiri konu mum yo yahru yeeso feewde Umuahia, ngu ɓe ƴetti ñalnde Natal. Ɗum taƴii Biafra e feccere. Ñalnde 7 lewru Yarkomaa 1970, o ummini ndeen « Operation Tail-Wind », o heɓti laana ndiwoowa Uli ñalnde 12 lewru Yarkomaa. E oon sahaa, ardiiɓe Biafran njaɓi yoɓde. Ñalnde 13 lewru nduu, Obasanjo jokkondiri e komandaajo konu Biafran biyeteeɗo Philip Effiong. Obasanjo wi'i sooja'en Biafran hokka balmi maɓɓe, nden boo suɓol ardiiɓe lesdi ndi'i ɗon yaha Lagos, ɓe hokka Gowon dow laawol. Janngo mum, Obasanjo haali e rajo diiwaan oo, o wiyi ɓiɓɓe leydi ndi yo njokku e galleeji mum en, o dartina kisal mum en. Biafranaaɓe heewɓe e jaayɗe goɗɗe ina kuli wonde konu leydi Najeriya ina waawi waɗde bonanndeeji keewɗi e yimɓe foolɓe ɓee, hay so tawii noon Obasanjo ina yiɗi haɗde ɗum. O yamiri konu makko e nder diiwaan hee yo heddo e nder galleeji mum en, jokkude wonde polis nokku oo ina foti ƴettude kuule ngam ƴellitde sariya e deeƴre. Division tataɓo, ɓurɗo woɗɗude, waɗii hareeji warngooji e yimɓe nokku oo. Obasanjo ina tiiɗi e waɗooɓe bonannde ndee, sibu waɗɓe warngooji ɗii mberlaama, waɗɓe warngooji ɗii mbardaa. Laamu Gowon waɗi Obasanjo kalfinaaɗo naatnude Biafra e nder leydi Najeriya, e nder oon darnde o heɓi teddungal ngam teeŋtinde mawngu. Ko o injenieer, o teeŋtinii artirde jolngo ndiyam ; haa lewru mee 1970 gure mawɗe diiwaan oo fof njokkondirii e jolngo ndiyam. Darnde Obasanjo e timminde wolde nde waɗi mo jaambaaro wolde, kadi ko o neɗɗo ganndiraaɗo e nder leydi Najeriya. == Kuugal maako ɓaawo konu lesdi: 1970-1975 == E lewru suwee 1970, Obasanjo arti Abeokuta, jamaanu jaɓɓii mo no jaambaaro garoowo nii. Ndeen o neldaama to Lagos, o woni Brigadier gardinooɗo Korse Innjiniyankooɓe. E lewru oktoobar, Gowon hollitii wonde laamu militeer en ina rokka laamu nguu laamu siwil e hitaande 1976. E nder ɗuum, haɗde lanndaaji politik ina heddii e doole ; Gowon yahri yeeso seeɗa e sosde laamu siwil. E les laamu sooja'en, Obasanjo jooɗi nder goomu limngal sooja'en lesdi Naajeeriya, ko laarani limngal sooja'en lesdi Naajeeriya nder duuɓi 1970. E hitaande 1974 Obasanjo yahi to leydi Angalteer ngam janngude to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Royal College to bannge diine. Nde o arti, e lewru Yarkomaa 1975 Gowon toɗɗii mo Komisariyaa Golle e Koɗki, golle ɗe o joginoo fotde lebbi jeeɗiɗi, e nder ɗuum o ɓuri waawde mahde kaɓirɗe konu. E hitaande 1970, Obasanjo soodi sosiyatee Libannaajo ɓooyɗo to Ibadan, o gollini heen awokaa ngam ƴellitde ɗum. E hitaande 1973 o winnditii fedde wiyeteende Temperance Enterprises Limited, nde o waawi waɗde heen golle njulaagu caggal nde o woppi golle konu. O jokki kadi e waɗde heen jawdi ; e hitaande 1974 o joginoo galleeji ɗiɗi to Lagos e gooto fof to Ibadan e Abeokuta. Haalaaji ummii wonde Obasanjo ina jokki e waɗde njulaagu nguu ina ɓeydoo yaajde e nder leydi Najeriya, hay so tawii noon alaa ko holliti ɗum ko laaɓti. Dewgal makko e Oluremi wonti caɗeele nde o salii jokkondiral makko e rewɓe woɗɓe. E cakkital kitaale 1970 dewgal maɓɓe fusi. E hitaande 1976 o resi Stella Abebe e nder kewu aadaaji Yoruba. E nder laamu Murtala == Kuudetaa 1975 e caggal mum == Binndanɗe mawɗe: Kuudetaa laamu Nijeer e hitaande 1975 e Kawtal konu Nijeer (1966–1979) E lewru sulyee 1975, kuudetaa e gardagol Shehu Muusaa Yar’Adua e Yuusuf Garba liɓi Gowon, o dogi fayti Angalteer. Ɓe kaalaani Obasanjo e peeje maɓɓe nde tawnoo omo anndiraa wonde kuudetaa ko kuutorgal waylude laamu. Kuudetaaji ɗii njiɗnoo ko lomtinde laamu otokaraasi Gowon nguu e laamu tati (triumvirate) brigadieruuji tati ɗi Diiso Toowngo Konu ina waawi haɗde kuule mum en. Ngalɗoo laamu tati, ɓe cemmbini Seneraal Murtala Muhammed yo won hooreejo leydi, Obasanjo woni ɗiɗaɓo e gardagol mum, Danjuma woni tataɓo. Daartoowo biyeteeɗo John Iliffe teskiima wonde e nder triumvirate, Obasanjo ko « puccu gollordu e ngaandi » , ko kanko ɓuri yaawde hootde e laamu siwil. E nder heen, triumvirate oo naatni peeje ustude ngalu ngam haɗde inflation, sosi Biro toppitiiɗo ko fayti e golle bonɗe, lomtini guwerneeruuji militeer en ɗii fof ofiseeji kesi, ɓe cifotoo ko Obasanjo woni hooreejo konu, ɓe puɗɗii "Operation Deadwood" mo ɓe ndartini ofiseeji civil 11,000. == Mawɗo gollordu, suudu sarɗiiji: 1975–76 == E lewru oktoobar 1975, laamu nguu hollitii peeje ngam waɗde woote ɗe mbaɗata ngam laamu siwil e lewru oktoobar 1979. Ngu hollitii kadi peeje ngam sosde goomu ngam ƴettude doosgal leydi kesal, tawi ko Obasanjo ɓuri waawde suɓaade terɗe goomu nguu 49. E dow wasiyaaji Komiseer Irifeke, laamu nguu hollitii kadi sosde dowlaaji jeeɗiɗi kesi ; e dow tiiɗnaare Obasanjo, Abeokuta ina foti wonde laamorgo gooto e ɗeen dowlaaji kesi, hono Ogun. Kadi dow wasiyaaji komitiiru ndun, ɓe anndini anniyaaji seeɗa-seeɗa ngam wurtinki laamorgo lesdi Naajeeriya diga Lagos haa Abuja ɓurduɗum caka. E lewru Yarkomaa 1976, Obasanjo e Danjuma fof ƴettaa e jappeere Lietnaa-Seneraal. Murtala e Obasanjo fof ina ndartini darnde ngam haɗde koloñaal Oropnaaɓe jokkude e njiimaandi ɓaleeɓe tokosɓe e nder Afrik worgo, ɗum noon ko huunde nde ɓe cuɓii e politik maɓɓe caggal leydi. Ngolɗoo sabaabu ina ɓeydoo wontude ngoƴa Obasanjo. Caggal nde Angolaa heɓti jeytaare mum e juuɗe Portigaal, wolde ɓesngu addi e leydi hee. Naajeeriya anndi laabi laamu ngu MPLA, fedde marxist en nde Dental Sowiyet walli, sabu laamu luulndiingu FNLA e UNITA ina mballita e laamu ɓaleeɓe tokosɓe to Afrik worgo. Ko jiidaa e rokkude MPLA ballal kaalis, Niiseer fuɗɗiima ƴattaade leyɗeele Afrik goɗɗe ngam kadi jaɓde njuɓɓudi MPLA, e fuɗɗoode hitaande 1976 ko ɓuri heewde e dowlaaji e nder Fedde Ngootaagu Afrik (OAU) mbaɗii ɗum. E lewru feebariyee 1976, Obasanjo ardii delegaasiyoŋ Najeriya ngam mawninde hitaande MPLA to Luanda, ɗo o wiyi : « ko ñalngu maantiniingu, ko ɗum fuɗɗoode hare sakkitiinde ngam haɓaade koloñaal, imperiyaalisma e njiyaagu e nder Afrik ». == Warngo Murtala : 13 feebariyee 1976 == E lewru feebariyee 1976, kolonel Buka Suka Dimka waɗi kuudetaa e laamu Nijeer, tawi ko ndeen Seneraal Murtala Muhammed waraa. Eɓɓoore kadi waɗaama e nguurndam Obasanjo, kono neɗɗo mo fotaani waraa. Dimka ŋakkiraa ballal mawngal e nder militeer en, kuudetaa makko ronki, ɗum addani mo dogde. Obasanjo tawtoraaki wirwirnde Murtala to Kano, kono o hollitii laamu nguu ina jogori yoɓde mahngo juulirde e nokku ɗo o wirnaa ɗoo. Caggal nde o waraa, Obasanjo tawtoraama batu Diiso Toowngo Konu. O hollitii yiɗde makko woppude laamu, kono Diiso ngoo heɓiino ɗaɓɓude yo o lomto Murtala e gardagol leydi ndii. Ko ɗum waɗi o wonti hooreejo diiso ngoo.E nder kulhuli makko e ɓeydagol eɓɓooji e nguurndam makko, Obasanjo naati e nder kasoo Dodan, tawi 39 neɗɗo tuumaaɗo wonde e nder kuudetaa Dimka mbaraa, ɗum jibini tuumeede wonde jaabawol Obasanjo ngol ina heewi. Ko Obasanjo woni hooreejo leydi ndi, o huniima jokkude dawrugol Murtala. == Hooreejo leydi konu (1976-1979) == == Triumvirat konu == E anndude kulhuli gonɗi e woɗɗude yimɓe woyla Naajeeriya, Obasanjo addi Seneraal Shehu Yar'Adua ngam lomtaade mo e ɗiɗaɓo e gardagol hooreejo konu, gardiiɗo jaagorɗe toowɗo timminoowo triumvirate militeer en, Obasanjo woni hooreejo leydi e Seneraal Theophilus Stajumabli ngam laamaade dow tato we- laamu konu. Obasanjo hirjinii jeewte e nanondiral hakkunde Diiso Toowngo Konu. Heewɓe ina kaawaa hol ko waɗi Obasanjo – hono Yoruba e Kerecee – toɗɗaade Yar’Adua, tergal e aristokraasi worgo, yo won gardiiɗo ɗiɗaɓo mum, wonaa banndiiko Yoruba Kerecee. Obasanjo teeŋtinii kulhuli ngenndiiji e dow ɗi diiwanuuji ɗii ; o hirjini sukaaɓe e mawɓe fof nde njanngata fodoore ngenndiire hesere ndee e jimɗi ngenndiiji ɗii. Nafoore heɓde miijooji ɓurɗi yaajde, ñalnde aset kala omo waɗa seminar mo alaa ko woni e mum so wonaa toɓɓere nde yimɓe ɓe ngonaa politikaaji e gollotooɓe laamu noddata. Ina jeyaa e ɓe o ɗaɓɓirta wasiyaaji mum en, annduɓe lislaam e mawɓe aadaaji. == Politik faggudu == Obasanjo wondude e hooreejo leydi Amerik biyeteeɗo Jimmy Carter to galle laamorɗo Amerik e hitaande 1977 E cakkital kitaale 1970, leydi Naajeeriya ina joginoo faggudu ɓurndu heewde doole, tawi noon ko 34% e inflation. Ngam haɓugo bee caɗeele faggudu lesdi Naajeeriya, Obasanjo tokki dabareeji cemmbiɗinki ceede ngam ustugo ceede laamu. E nder bidsee makko 1976, Obasanjo eɓɓi ustude njoɓdi laamu nguu fotde feccere, ustude eɓɓaaɗe tedduɗe, tawa ina ɓeyda njoɓdi jaŋde, cellal, galleeji, e ndema. O sosi kadi goomu ngam haɓaade inflation, e nder hitaande wootere caggal nde Obasanjo heɓi laamu, inflation ustii haa 30%. Obasanjo ina heewi yiɗde ñamlude kaalis, kono e ballal Banke Adunayankeewo e Fonds Monétaire International, Nijeer ƴetti ñamlude miliyaaruuji 1 dolaar e fedde bankeeji. Ɓeen ñiŋooɓe leftist en mbiyi wonde waɗde ɗum ina addana leydi ndii ɗooftaade kapitaalisma. E nder duuɓi ɗiɗi garooji ɗii, laamu Obasanjo, Nijeer ƴettii 4 983 miliyoŋ dolaar goɗɗo. Naajeeriya ina wondi e ɓeydagol fotde 3% hitaande kala e nder kitaale 1970, huunde nde fotnoo ɓeydaade fotde laabi ɗiɗi e nder duuɓi 25 seeɗa. Obasanjo teskiima caggal ɗuum wonde o anndaa ɗum e oon sahaa, sibu laamu makko alaa politik e ƴellitde yimɓe. Ɓeydagol yimɓe leydi Naajeeriya addani ɓe ɓeydaade yaawde e nder gure mawɗe e ŋakkeende cuuɗi e nder gure. Ngam haɓaade ɗum, bidsee Obasanjo e hitaande 1976 hollitii peeje mahngo 200 000 galle keso haa hitaande 1980, hay so tawii noon ko 28 500 tan mahaa.E hitaande 1976, laamu Obasanjo kadi hollitii wonde ina jogori ƴellitde renndo e cogguuli. Ngam haɓaade jiiɓru seppooji gollotooɓe, e hitaande 1976 laamu Obasanjo yaltinii sariyaaji cifotooɗi ko ɓuri heewde e gollorɗe mawɗe ko sarwisaaji baɗɗi faayiida, haɗi seppooji e nder mum en, yamiri nanngugol ardiiɓe senndikaaji jiiɓru. E hitaande 1978 nde hawriti senndikaaji 42 e nder fedde wootere nde gollotooɓe e leydi Nijeer. Obasanjo jokki bee taskaramji tati mawɗi ngam ndiyam haa woyla lesdi Naajeeriya ɗi arannde anndinaama les Murtala: taskaramji maayo Kano, taskaramji Bakalori, e taskaramji ndiyam Chad Sud. Laamu makko kadi jokki eɓɓooji ƴellitaare ndema puɗɗanooɗi to Funtua, Gusau, e Gombe. Won eɓɓaaɗe ƴellitgol laddeeji kadi puɗɗaama ngam haɗde njiimaandi Saharaa to bannge worgo. Ngam heɓde ko ɓuri heewde e ɗaɓɓaande leydi ndii e kuuraa, Obasanjo ardiima udditgol eɓɓaaɗe ɗiɗi kese ngam ƴellitde kuuraa e nder ndiyam e ƴulɓe. Industry petrol heddii ko huunde mawnde e faggudu leydi Naajeeriya e les laamu Obasanjo, ministeer petrol hawtii e fedde petroŋ leydi Naajeeriya ngam sosde fedde petroŋ leydi Naajeeriya (NNPC). Obasanjo kadi wallitii sosde lowre liggorde to Bonny, nde NNPC yoɓi 62% ; eɓɓaande ndee ko lomto makko woppi ɗum e nder ɓeydagol coodguuli. Obasanjo jokki kadi e peewnugol njuɓɓudi njamndi mboɗeeri Ajaokuta, eɓɓaande ndonaandi nde heewɓe e ñiŋooɓe e nder sarwisaaji laamu mbiyata ko nde waawataa huutoreede. E nder cakkital kitaale 1970, Naajeeriya kadi ina wondi e ustaare ndema, ko ɗum huunde nde laamuuji jokkondirɗi ɗii njiyti ko ɓuri hoybude e naatde e nguura e nder leydi ndii. E lewru mee 1976, Obasanjo fuɗɗii « Operation Feed the Nation » (Operation Feed the Nation), woni eɓɓaande ngam wuurtinde ndema tokoosa, tawi ina jeyaa heen yoɓeede almudɓe ngam remde e nder balɗe juulde. Eɓɓaande ndee ina waɗi kadi momtugol njoɓɗeele e nguura jawdi e kaɓirɗe ndema, e ballal kuutoragol tovo ngo, e ustude njoɓɗeele ndema. E lewru marse 1978, Obasanjo yaltini kuulal kuutoragol leydi ndi rokki laamu nguu hakkeeji jeyi leydi e dow leydi ndii kala. Ɗum waɗiraa ko ngam haɗde njulaagu leydi e njulaagu leydi, kadi addani ɗum yetteede e bannge nano leydi Najeriya hay so tawii noon ko galleeji keewɗi jogiiɗi leydi njiɗaa ɗum. Obasanjo yiyri ɗum ko e geɗe teeŋtuɗe laamu mum. Obasanjo wallitorii reentaade Gowon ngam waɗde heen jawdi mum caggal leydi, o jokki e ɗeen politikaaji. Politik faggudu ngenndiyankaagal e nder sekteeruuji teeŋtuɗi ina usta njulaagu keeriiɗo, ɗum addani ɗum ustude njulaagu, hay so tawii noon daraniiɓe ɗum ɓee ina njetta Obasanjo ngam dartinde diisnondiral kaalis so renndinaama e ardiiɓe mum. == Politikuuji nder leydi == O (Obasanjo) jokki e ƴamol jaŋde leslesre winndereyankoore e nder leydi Najeriya, politik ronkaama e Gowon. O naatini sariya jaŋde leslesre e hitaande 1976 ; hakkunde 1975–76 e 1979–80, binnditagol e duɗe leslese ɗe njoɓaaka kono ɗe njiɗaa, ɓeydiima gila e miliyoŋaaji 6 haa 12,5 miliyoŋ, hay so tawii noon jannginooɓe e kaɓirɗe ina ŋakki ngam waawde huutoraade ɗaɓɓaande ndee. E hitaande jaŋde 1977–78, Obasanjo naatni jaŋde hakkundeere nde alaa ko yoɓetee e fannuuji karallaagal, huunde nde yaajnaa e denndaangal jaŋde hakkundeere e hitaande 1979–80. E oon sahaa gooto, leydi Naajeeriya ustii kaalis jaŋde toownde ; e hitaande 1978 nde woppi rokkude ñamaale almudɓe, nde ɓeydi fotde laabi tati njoɓdi nguura e hoɗorde duɗe jaaɓi haaɗtirde. Seppooji janngooɓe mbaɗi e nder gure keewɗe, waɗii warngooji baɗnooɗi e nder wuro Lagos e Zaria. E nder jaabawol fitinaaji ɗii, Obasanjo udditi duɗe jaaɓi-haaɗtirde keewɗe, haɗi golle politik e nder duɗe jaaɓi-haaɗtirde, haɗi kadi fedde janngooɓe leydi Najeriya. Tiiɗnaare ɗeen peeje ina gasa tawa ko sabu tuumeede wonde fitinaaji almudɓe ɗii ina njokkondiri e kuudetaa militeer peewnaaɗo e lewru feebariyee 1978. Obasanjo ina mettini e jikkuuji almudɓe seppooɓe ɓee, o wiyi wonde ɗum ina hollita ruttaade e nafooje aadaaji ko wayi no hormaade almudɓe. Ngam batte ɓamtaare laamu Naajeeriya, leydi ndi yi’i ɓamtaare mawnde nder kuuɗe laamu. Seedeeji peeñii ko feewti e fenaande mawnde e nder laamu leydi ndii, tee, so tawii tuume ɗee ina keewi waɗeede e Obasanjo e hoore mum, alaa seedeeji tiiɗɗi peeñi. Ngam haɗde natal njulaagu e nder laamu, laamu Obasanjo haɗii huutoraade otooji Mercedes ngam waɗde otooji laamu, e lomtaade ɗum en, ɓe mbaɗti heen otooji Peugeot 504 ɓurɗi hoybude Naatgol champagne kadi haɗaama. E ƴaañde taƴgol konu, laamu Obasanjo yiyri 12 000 soldaat ina ndartinaa e nder duuɓi 1976 e 1977. Ɗee konu njalti ko e nokkuuji kesi ngam wallitde ɗum en e jokkondirde e nguurndam siwil en. Obasanjo kadi ina tuuma wonde ko kañum woni sabaabu ƴaañgol politik. E nder yeewtere wootere maantiniinde, koɗorɗe jimoowo e daraniiɗo politik Najeriya biyeteeɗo Fela Kuti, Republique Kalakuta, yani, yani haa laaɓi, caggal nde tergal e fedde makko hawri e yimɓe konu. Fela e ɓesngu mum piyi, njuppaa, yumma mum mawɗo, daraniiɗo politik e yumma mum sosɗo Chief Funmilayo Ransome Kuti, werlaa e windo. Ɗum addani mo gaañiiɓe no feewi, haa arti noon e maayde makko. Fela caggal ɗuum nawti kees to galle hooreejo leydi ndii e oon sahaa to Dodan Barracks to Lagos ngam salaade ƴaañde laamu nguu e politik. == Politik caggal leydi == Hooreejo leydi Amerik biyeteeɗo Jimmy Carter ina wondi e Obasanjo e njillu mum to leydi Najeriya e hitaande 1978 Obasanjo ina yiɗi tabitinde leydi Najeriya no ardorde mawnde e nder Afrik nii, e nder laamu makko, doole mum e nder duunde nde ɓeydiima. O ummini dabare Gowon ngam waɗugo julde ɗiɗaɓre nder duuniyaaru ngam naalankaaku e pinal ɓaleeɓe e afriknaajo haa lesdi Naajeeriya; ɗum waɗi ko to Lagos e lewru feebariyee 1977, hay so tawii noon ñaawooɓe nder leydi ndii mbiyi ko ɗum huunde nde alaa ko nafata. Obasanjo hokkii ɗuuɗal teddungal dow Dental Faggudu lesɗe Afrik Hirnaange (ECOWAS) nden o mettini ɗuuɗɓe nder terɗe maako ɗemngal Farayse ɓaawo o wi'i, bana no Naajeeriya ɓuri wallugo ceede ngam hukuuma kan, Naajeeriya foti jaɓɓaago hukuumaaji pamari ɗin haa Lagos. Jokkondiral e Ganaa ɓadiiɗo kadi ustii ; e hitaande 1979, leydi Nijeer taƴii petroŋ e nder leydi ndii ngam salaade warngooji luulndiiɓe politik ɗi laamu kesu ngu Jerry Rawlings wari. E laamu Obasanjo, Naajeeriya ustii jokkondiral mum juutngal e leydi Angalteer, ɓeydi jokkondirde e leyɗeele dentuɗe Amerik. Obasanjo ina yiɗi laamu hooreejo leydi Amerik biyeteeɗo Jimmy Carter, cuɓaaɗo e hitaande 1976, sabu Carter ina joginoo darnde tiiɗnde ngam tabitinde laamu ɓurngu heewde e Afrik worgo. Ambasadeer Carter to leydi Nijeer, hono Andrew Young, waɗii sehilaagal tiiɗngal e Obasanjo, Carter yilliima leydi Nijeer e hitaande 1978. Kono tan, kuulal ngam waylude alkule ɗee waɗiraa ko ngam dalillaaji laaɓtuɗi, wonaa miijooji ; yiytude petroŋ e nder maayo worgo firti ko Angalteer wontii ƴaañoowo wonaa soodoowo petroŋ Nijeer.Laamu Obasanjo kadi ina mettini heen no feewi nde Angalteer salii yoɓde Gowon, ina sikka wonde laamu Angalteer ina waawi wonde e kuudetaa mo Murtala waɗi. Ngam ɗeeɗoo hujjaaji, e hitaande 1976 nde miijii dartinde jokkondiral dipolomaasi e Angalteer, kono haa jooni nde dartinaani. Obasanjo noon saliima yahde Angalteer, o semmbini ardiiɓe makko waɗde ɗum. Jokkondiral ngal ɓeydii bonde nde Margaret Thatcher wonti gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi Angalteer e hitaande 1979, o fuɗɗii waɗde feere ɓurnde welde e njuɓɓudi laamu ɓaleeɓe tokosɓe to Rodesi e Afrik worgo. E nder jaabawol ngol, Naajeeriya nanngi laanawol ndiyam lesdi Naajeeriya, ngol ɓe tammi ɗon nastina petrol Naajeeriya haa lesdi Naajeeriya, ɓe haɗi hukuumaaji pamari Biritaniya ngam heɓugo kuuɗe Naajeeriya, ɓe nastini kuuɗe BP haa lesdi Naajeeriya. Obasanjo ina yiɗi kadi yaawnaade joofnude laamu ɓaleeɓe tokosɓe e nder Afrik worgo ; e wiyde Iliffe, ɗum wonti « cakkital politik makko caggal leydi ». Naajeeriya hokki ballal ngam haɓugo bee laamu daneeji nder diiwal ngal, hokki hukuumaaji pamari ɗi'i uddita birooji haa Lagos, nden hokki hukuumaaji pamari ɗin ɗon hokka mooɓgal feere-feere dogguɓe laamuuji lesdi Afrika fombinaari. E ƴettude peeje tiiɗɗe ngam haɓaade laamu apartaayd to Afrik worgo, Obasanjo hollitii wonde Nijeer naatataa e Olimpiyaaji 1976 sabu leydi Nuwel Selannde, tawtoraaɗo kawgel ngel, ina joginoo jokkondiral e Afrik worgo, leydi ndi haɗaa tawtoreede kawgel ngel sabu apartaayd. E hitaande 1977, Obasanjo haɗi kala kontraaji jokkondirɗi e Afrik worgo golloraade e nder leydi Nijeer ; sosiyateeji mawɗi ɗi njippii ɗii ko petroŋ Angalteer e Banke Barclays. E ndeen hitaande kadi, leydi Nijeer yuɓɓinii batu Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe ngam haɓaade apartaayd to Lagos, Obasanjo yilliima Amerik e lewru oktoobar ɗo o wiyi leydi ndii yo woppu yeeyde kaɓirɗe to Afrik worgo. Nde o woni nder leydi ndi'i o wolwi haa kawtal hoore lesdi ndi'i nden asaweeje ɗiɗi ɓaawo man Naajeeriya heɓi jooɗorde nder kawtal lesdi ndi'i. Fiilde Margaret Thatcher e hitaande 1979 ngam wonde gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi Angalteer, addani jokkondiral Angalteer e Niiseer bonnude ; Obasanjo miijii ko o yurmeende no feewi e laamuuji daneeji tokoosi e nder Afrik worgo Luulndaade laamu ɓaleeɓe tokosɓe e nder leydi Rodesi, addaniino hare Bush e nder leydi Rodesi, laamu Obasanjo ina jokki e wiyde wonde ko hare balɗe tan woni feere ngam foolde laamu Rodesi. O hirjinii ngootaagu hakkunde pelle ceertuɗe luulndiiɗe laamu toon, o wiyi Robert Mugabe, hooreejo ZANU, yo jaɓ ardaade luulndiiɗo makko, hono Joshua Nkomo mo ZAPU. E hitaande 1977, Angalteer e Amerik ciifi eɓɓaaɗe ngam waylude laamu ɓurngu heewde e Rodesi, e nder yonta mo leydi ndii woni e les njiimaandi doole Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe. Obasanjo jaɓii eɓɓaande ndee, o yilliima Tansani, Sammbi, Mosammbik, e Republiik Demokaratik Konngo ngam wiyde laamuuji mum en yo mbaɗ noon. Kono caggal nde Thatcher wonti gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi Angalteer, leydi Nijeer woɗɗitii hoore mum e darnde Angalteer ngam haɗde wolde Bush Rhodesian, o woppitaa kala darnde teeŋtunde e nder golle ɗe Angalteer waɗi, ɗe ngaddani wooteeji demokaraasi ɗi leƴƴi keewɗi mbaɗi e hitaande... Ko o hooreejo leydi, Obasanjo tawtoraama batuuji OAU. E oon sahaa yuɓɓinaa e lewru sulyee 1977, o eɓɓi sosde goomu jooɗiiɗo ngam haɓaade luural hakkunde leyɗeele jeyaaɗe e OAU. E batu 1978, o jeertinii wonde banngeeji ɗiɗi ɗii fof ina poti naatde e wolde huuɓtodinnde. E nder batu garoowo oo, o wiyi yo konu Pan-Afriknaajo sose, baawɗo waɗde golle ngam hisnude jam e nder duunde he. Ngam ɓamtuki darnde lesdi Naajeeriya nder duuniyaaru, Obasanjo nasti nder kuuɗe feere-feere ɗe lesdi Naajeeriya nder Afrika fuu. E hitaande 1977, o heɓtinii Benin e Togo yoo ndartin luural hakkunde keeri mum en, nguddita keeri mum en. O etinooma kadi haɓaade luural hakkunde leyɗeele keewɗe Fuɗnaange Afrik, o haɗa ɗum kadi ruttaade e Dental Fuɗnaange Afrik, kono o dañii heen caɗeele. Ko o hooreejo goomu jokkondire OAU, o etinooma jokkondire Ogaden hakkunde Ecoppi e Somali kono kadi o dañaani. O waawaano kadi feewnude luural peeñngal hakkunde Angalteer e leydi Konngo. E innde OAU, Obasanjo waɗii batu to Kano ngam haɓaade hare hakkunde leyɗeele Caad. Feddeeji keewɗi njaɓii darnude wolde, sosde laamu ngootaagu ngenndi, e accude konu leydi Najeriya ina waɗa jam. Hare nden noon jokki, Naajeeriya jaabtii e taƴde petroŋ mum to Caad. Koolol ɗiɗmol ko faati e hare ndee waɗii to Lagos e lewru ut 1979, ɗum addani laamu nguu sosde laamu nguu, ngu juutaani. E hitaande sakkitiinde e laamu makko konu, o ardii golle OAU ngam safrude wolde Saharaa hirnaange. == Jaltugol laamu == Laamu militeer en hawri ko e goomu ƴettugol doosɗe leydi ngam ƴettude doosgal kesal potngal huutoreede e nder mbayliigu laamu siwil. Goomu nguu hollitii wonde Naajeeriya ina foti waylude laamu mum, ngu tuugii ko e laamu parlemaa leydi Angalteer, ngu tuugnii e laamu hooreejo leydi Amerik, ɗo hooreejo leydi gooto cuɓaaɗo woni hooreejo leydi e hooreejo laamu. Ngam haɗude oo hooreejo leydi wontude diktatoor, hono no waɗirnoo e nokkuuji goɗɗi e nder Afrik nii, o ɗaɓɓi ƴeewndorɗe keewɗe e doole maɓɓe, haa arti noon e njuɓɓudi fedde nde, ɗo juɓɓule cuɓaaɗe keertiiɗe ngoni ɗoo e to bannge fedde, to bannge dowri, to bannge nokkuuji. Eɓɓaande doosgal leydi ndii yaltinaa ko e lewru oktoobar 1976, nde yeewtidaa e yeeso yimɓe fof e hitaande aroore ndee.Asamblee doosgal leydi hawri ngam yeewtidde e eɓɓaande doosgal leydi ndii e lewru oktoobar 1977. Asaambele leydi ndii ina jokki e ƴeewde hol darnde nde sariya sharia rokkata e nder doosgal leydi ndii. Obasanjo noddii dental ngal, o jeertini ɓe batte kuulal ngal ɓe mbaɗi e renndo, o wiyi ɓe yo ɓe ƴettu jikkuuji ɓurɗi moƴƴude. E lewru suwee 1978, Diiso toowngo konu (Conseil suprême militaire) habri doosɗe leydi kese ɗee ; nde waɗiino waylooji keewɗi e mbaydi ndi asaambele doosgal leydi ndii ƴetti. Yanti e doosgal kesal ngal, Obasanjo itti haɗde lanndaaji politik. Ndeen pelle keewɗe mbaɗii ngam tawtoreede wooteeji garooji ɗii, ko ɓuri teeŋtude heen ko lannda ngootaagu Yoruba, lannda yimɓe Naajeeriya, e lannda ngenndiijo Naajeeriya. Obasanjo mettini heen no feewi nde tawnoo heewɓe e dawriyankooɓe ina mbaɗa fodoore nde ɓe mbaawataa ɗooftaade. Woote ɗee mbaɗi ko e nder lewru sulyee e lewru ut 1979. Wootooɓe ɓee ina pamɗi, ko hakkunde 30 e 40% e wootooɓe winnditiiɓe e sariya, tee ina waɗi fenaande banngeeji keewɗi, hay so tawii noon ko jam. Wonno ko jeewte ko fayti e hol keɓɗo woote hooreleydaagu, Obasanjo salii ñaawde, o wiyi yo Komisariyaa woote ƴetta oon darnde.Ɓe kollitii wonde Shehu Shagari woni keɓɗo, huunde nde gardiiɗo ɗiɗaɓo oo, hono Obafemi Awolowo, luulndii to Ñaawirde Toownde, tawi o dañaani heen nafoore. Shagari ƴetti laamu ko e lewru oktoobar 1979 ; e nder kewu udditgol makko, Obasanjo rokki Shagari koppi doosgal leydi kesal. Ko ɗum woni fuɗɗoode Republique ɗiɗaɓere leydi Najeriya. Darnde Obasanjo nder wartirki lesdi Naajeeriya haa laamu siwil, ɗum laatoto darnde woore nde o jogi nder duuɓi cappanɗe ɗiɗi garooji. Kono yimɓe heewɓe e nder leydi ndii e caggal leydi, ina jeyaa heen hooreejo leydi Zambie, hono Kenneth Kaunda e hooreejo leydi Togo, hono Gnassingbé Eyadéma, ina ɗaɓɓi e makko yo o heddo e laamu. Jaɓde makko wallitde Awolowo, banndiiko Yoruba, addani mo gaño ko heewi e elite Yoruba. Awolowo tuumi Obasanjo ko kanko woni orkestraaji Shagari, huunde nde Obasanjo yeddi no feewi. == Ko adii laamu (1979-1999) == Ko adii nde o yaltata laamu, e lewru abriil 1979, Obasanjo ƴetti hoore mum e darnde seneraal ; ko o seneraal koode nay o jokki e heɓde njoɓdi dowla. Nde o woppi golle e lewru oktoobar, o arti Abeokuta. Caggal nde o waɗi kursus jonte jeegom to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde heblo ndema, Obasanjo ƴetti hoore mum e ndema, omo ɗaminii waɗde yeru e hirjinde ƴellitaare ndema. O heɓi ko famɗi fof 230 ektaar leydi to Ota ngam sosde ngesa makko, o naati ɗoon e galle ngesa birik. Wonno ko gaññeeje nokkuyankooje e dañde leydi ndi haa heewi, ñaawirɗe keewɗe ngaddaama e makko sabu ɗuum. Golle makko ndema yuɓɓinaama e fedde makko wiyeteende Temperance, caggal ɗuum o inniri ɗum « Obasanjo’s Farms Limited ». O waɗti heen hakkille teeŋtuɗo e ndema colli ; e cakkital kitaale 1980, ngesa makko ina ɓuuɓna 140 000 cukalel e yontere. O sosi kadi gese e nder gure goɗɗe to bannge worgo-fuɗnaange, e hitaande 1987 gese makko ina njogii ko ina tolnoo e 400 gollotooɗo e nokkuuji jeetati. Hono no yimɓe Yoruba woɗɓe lolluɓe nii, Obasanjo ina wallitnoo almudɓe miskineeɓe to duɗal makko ɓooyngal to Abeokuta. Obasanjo ɓeydii ñiŋde laamu siwil Shagari, o wiyi hooreejo leydi ndii ina famɗi semmbe, ina ŋakkiraa peeje. Naajeeriya nasti nder ɓillaaji faggudu ngam waylaaki coggu petrol nder duuniyaaru. E lewru mee 1983, mawɓe konu ɗaɓɓiri Obasanjo nde ƴettata laamu leydi ndii kadi, kono o salii. E lewru desaambar, ɓe liɓi Shagari tawi Obasanjo alaa heen, e nder kuudetaa mo yiyaani fitinaaji seeɗa. Muhammadu Buhari laati hooreejo lesdi sooje'en keso. Obasanjo fuɗɗii wallugo laamu Buhari, o wi'i demokaraasi wakiili'en ɗon ƴaɓɓitoo haa lesdi Naajeeriya. O yetti Buhari ngam haɓugo bee cemmbiɗinki lesdi, o ɗon mari feccere nder nastirde lesdi, nden o ɗon wartira budget booɗɗum. E lewru ut 1985, Buhari kadi liɓaama, hooreejo konu Ibraahiima Babangida ƴetti laamu. Obasanjo ina ñiŋa won e peeje faggudu ɗe Babangida waɗi, haa arti noon e ustude njoɓdi naira. E hitaande 1992, luulndaare makko e laamu Babangida addani mo noddude yo leydi Najeriya artire demokaraasi. O fuɗɗii kadi salaade politikaaji faggudu (indigenisation) e kitaale 1970, o wiyi doosɗe leydi ina poti haɗde ƴettugol jawdi caggal leydi. E nder ɗuum, o sikki laamu nguu ina foti teeŋtinde ƴellitaare nde laamu nguu ardii. O ɓeydii hulɓinaade ko ɓeydagol yimɓe, toɓɓere nde o yejjitaani nde o woni e laamu, o wiyi Naajeeriyankooɓe yo njogo ɓesnguuji tokoosi "ngam nafoore faggudu maɓɓe e renndo-faggudu ngenndi". E nder duuɓi sappo e go’o caggal nde Obasanjo woppi laamu, o yaltinii defte nay. E hitaande 1980, Obasanjo wonnoo ko tedduɗo to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Ibadan, ɗo o winndi deftere wiyeteende My Command, daartol ko faati e geɗe makko e nder wolde hakkunde leyɗeele ; nde yalti ko e lewru noowammbar ndeen hitaande. Won e janngooɓe ñiŋii ko ɓe njiyri ko Obasanjo ina ŋakkira Murtala Muhammed, Robert Adeyinka Adebayo, mawɗo politik Yoruba, wiyi yo deftere ndee yaltine ngam haɗde nde aawde feccere. Ƴeewirde ɓurnde moƴƴude ndee waɗi ko sehil makko, hono Ken Saro-Wiwa, o innitiri ɗum masterly kono o sikki ko ɗum waɗi ballal rewindaade no feewi. E hitaande 1987, o yaltini Nzeogwu, deftere ciimtol sehil makko Chukwuma Nzeogwu, mo o gollodtonoo to Konngo. Hitaande 1989, deftere Obasanjo yaltini, wiyeteende Doosgal leydi ngam naatgol e ƴellitaare, nde o jeertini e hujjaaji Babangida ngam sosde laamu lanndaaji ɗiɗi e nder leydi Najeriya. E hitaande 1990, deftere makko tataɓere, wiyeteende Not my volonté yalti. Nde rokki ciimtol sahaa nde o laaminoo leydi ndii. == Golle hakkunde leyɗeele: 1979-1993 == E hitaande 1986 Obasanjo jokkondiri e Nelson Manndelaa. O hollitii wonde "ko kawral ngal meeɗaa yejjiteede. Mi yiyii e [Mandelaa] Afriknaajo worgo, ko Afriknaajo tigi rigi, kadi ko gardiiɗo winndere mo alaa ko woni e mum. O ɓuri ardiiɓe ɓe min kawri e mum en e nder Afrik worgo ɓee fof." E yiɗde jogaade semmbe e dingiral winnderewal, Obasanjo udditi Fedde Ardorde Afrik e nder ngesa mum Ota. Tuggi 1981 haa 1982, o jooɗiima kadi e Komiseer Palme, fedde nde gonnooɗo gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi Suwed, hono Olof Palme ardii, yeewtidnde ko fayti e ustude kaɓirɗe e kisal winndere. Obasanjo rewi heen ko e jeyeede e goomuuji nannduɗi e ɗii ɗoo, wonande Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe, Fedde Adunaare Cellal, e Goomu hakkunde-leyɗeewu ardiiɓe laamuuji ɓooyɗi. Nde Javier Pérez de Cuéllar, hooreejo Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe rafi, Obasanjo hiisetee ko potɗo lomtaade mo. Caggal nde Pérez de Cuéllar holliti woppii laamu, Obasanjo fuɗɗii kampaañ ngam lomtaade mo. E woote Goomu Kisal Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe, o woni tataɓo, tawi ko Boutros Boutros-Ghali, Ejiptnaajo, ƴetti darnde ndee. O yalti galle makko e njilluuji keewɗi; e hitaande 1986 o yilliima Japon, e hitaande 1987 o yilliima U.S. E nder luural hakkunde leyɗeele dentuɗe Amerik ngam yiɗde ɓurde yooɗde e Afrik worgo, nanondiraama wonde fedde wiyeteende Eminent Persons Group (EPG) ina sosee ngam fuɗɗoraade kaaldigal e laamu Afrik worgo ngam wallitde ɗum e ustude apartaayd. E dow wasiyaaji cukko hooreejo leydi Naajeeriya, hono Emeka Anyaoku, Obasanjo suɓaama ngam ardaade fedde nde e wonndude e gonnooɗo gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi Ostarali, hono Malcolm Fraser. Obasanjo jaɓi e dow fenaande. E lewru feebariyee 1986, kanko e Fraser ɓe njahi to wuro wiyeteengo Cape Town ɗo ɓe naamndii ngam hawritde e Nelson Manndelaa, daraniiɗo apartaayd, tergal mawngal e nder fedde wiyeteende Congres National Africaine (ANC) haɗaande. Ko Obasanjo tan yamiraa jokkondirde e Manndelaa ; o wiyi caggal ɗuum wonde omo weltii e makko no feewi. Ndeen Obasanjo hawrii e mawɓe ANC wonɓe e egguɓe to Lusaka. E lewru marse 1986, EPG oo fof yilliima Afrik worgo, e nder yonta mo jiiɓru e fitinaaji nder galleeji ɓeydii mawnude.Ko ɗoon ɓe kawri e mawɓe laamu nguu, ina jeyaa heen gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi ndii hono P. W. Botha, mo Obasanjo siftini caggal ɗuum wonde ko neɗɗo ɓurɗo muñde mo meeɗaa hawrude. Ciimtol EPG ngol hollitii wonde, so tawii ko ɓuri heewde e yimɓe Afrik worgo ina njiɗi nanondiral ngal alaa ko bonnata hakkunde laamu nguu e pelle luulndiiɗe apartaayd, gadano oo yiɗaa miijaade ɗum, tee alaa ko yahri yeeso no feewi ngam joofnude apartaayd. EPG noon hollitii wonde ina haani ɓeydaade tiiɗnaade e nder winndere ndee. Goomu Commonwealth jaɓii ko ciimtol ngol holliti, tawi Angalteer ina luulndii ɗum ; ɗum addani Obasanjo ɓeydaade mettinde Thatcher. Ndeen Commonwealth yamirii mo yo o ardo goomu ngam yuurnitaade ko Dowlaaji Dentuɗi ɗii poti daranaade koye mum en e njiimaandi Afrik worgo. Caggal nde Botha lomtinaa F. W. de Klerk, ooɗoo ɗiɗaɓo yaltini Manndelaa kasoo. Ina jeyaa e ɗanle Mandelaa gadane caggal leydi, to Niiseer, ɗo o yilli Obasanjo to galle mum. Lebbi ɗiɗi caggal ɗuum, Obasanjo ardii delegaasiyoŋ Najeriya to Afrik worgo ngam yeewtidde e yimɓe mawɓe politik. E lewru suwee 1991, o yilliima kadi, o wiyi hooreejo Zulu en, hono Mangosuthu Buthelezi, yo waɗ kaaldigal e pelle goɗɗe ngam wallitde dartinde apartaayd e waɗde woote timmuɗe. Obasanjo kadi golliima e ƴellitaare nokkuuji goɗɗi e nder Afrik. O yilliima Angalteer laabi ɗiɗi e nder hitaande 1988, o wallitii e darnde ngam joofnude wolde hakkunde leyɗeele toon. O yilliima kadi Sudaan laabi tati hakkunde 1987 e 1989, tawi o dañaani heen nafoore, o hirjinii kaaldigal ngam joofnude wolde ɗiɗmere Sudaan. Ndeen o wonii ƴeewoowo e wooteeji gardagol leydi Mosammbik e hitaande 1994. E hitaande 1994 e 1995, o yilliima Burundi, o golliima ngam deeƴnude caɗeele hakkunde leƴƴi Hutu en e Tutsi en. O fuɗɗinooma noddude jokkondiral ɓurngal ɓadaade e nder Afrik, o wiyi ɗum ina waawi heɓtineede e sosde feddeeji jeegom diiwaanuuji. E lewru suwee 1987, o ƴettiino peeje ngam yuɓɓinde Fedde Ardorde Afrik, nde wallitta rokkude karallaagal e heblo wonande politikaaji ummoriiɗi e duunde he kala. Nde fuɗɗii waɗde batuuji, anndiraaɗi « Dialogues de la maison de la ferme » , gila e galle Obasanjo fotde laabi jeegom e nder hitaande. Kadi nde waɗii batuuji winndereeji kala lewru, nde yaltinii jaaynde kala lewru, wiyeteende “Forum Afrique” hakkunde 1991 e 1993. == Haɓde e Abacha: 1992-1995 == Obasanjo hollitii kulhuli mum, sibu, hay so tawii o wiyi ina wallita gartugol demokaraasi, Babangida alaa ko anniyaaki so wonaa woppude laamu konu. Caggal nde wooteeji gardagol leydi ndi ndarnaa e hitaande 1992, Obasanjo e Anthony Enahoro ndarni fedde ngam demokaraasi e laamu moƴƴu e nder leydi Najeriya. Joɗnde adannde fedde ndee hawri ko e 31 neɗɗo politik nder leydi to Ota e lewru mee 1993. Wooteeji mbaɗi caggal ɗuum e lewru suwee 1993, tawi yimɓe seeɗa tawtoraama. Moshood Abiola mo lannda Social Democratic (SDP) heɓi, kono Babangida ndeen woppii njeñtudi woote ɗee, fodaniino woote ɗiɗmere ko ɓooyaani. SDP salii kala woote ɗiɗmere nde tawnoo ɓe mbiyi ko kanndidaa maɓɓe heɓiino woote gadane ɗee. Ndeen Babangida jaɓii woppude laamu ngam suɓaade laamu siwil jooɗiiɗo, ngu Ernest Shonekan ardii, ngu heɓi laamu e lewru ut 1993, ngu ƴetti peeje ngam waɗde wooteeji kesi e lewru feebariyee 1994. Seneraal Sani Abacha siftinii gooto e gorko gooto, mo wondude e do-gooders woɗɓe, eɓɓi ñaamde wumre ndee. Heddiiɓe ɓee mbayliima tan, oo Samariyanke nannduɗo e moƴƴo [...] arti ngam ƴettude pot suukara e juuɗe wumre ndee ngam hoore mum. Kadi, ko ɓuri heewde e men Nijeernaaɓe, ko en ƴeewooɓe, en mbeltiima. E nder kala sababuuji, ŋakkaani tawtoraaɓe e ñaamde ndee. Kadi ɓe ngoppaani batte moraal. == — Obasanjo, e dow kuudetaa Sani Abacha, hitaande 1994 == E oon sahaa, Sani Abacha tiiɗtinii doole mum e konu, e lewru noowammbar 1993, o felliti Shonekan yo woppu laamu, o acci hoore makko ƴettude laamu. Obasanjo noddiino Abacha ko adii kuudetaa oo, ina ñaagii ɗum nde woppataa ngalɗoo laawol. Caggal nde Abacha heɓti laamu, o wiyi Obasanjo yo jokkondir e makko. Ko sakkitii koo waɗii, kono salii wallitde laamu Abacha haa nde anndini ñalngu ngu yaltata e hoore mum. Ndeen Abacha momtii lanndaaji politik gonɗi ɗii e juɓɓule demokaraasiije, o noddi politikaaji ummoriiɗi e nokkuuji ceertuɗi yo naata e Diisnondiral makko Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe ; Obasanjo salii toɗɗaade hay gooto e ndeeɗoo diiso. Obasanjo fuɗɗi jeertinde wonde Naajeeriya ina yahra e wolde hakkunde leyɗeele woɗnde e nder feccere leƴƴi, e lewru mee 1994 kanko e Yar'Adua ɓe ndarni fedde wiyeteende National Unity Promoters, fedde daraniinde haɗde ndeeɗoo feere. E lewru Juko, Abiola anndini hoore mum hooreejo lesdi Naajeeriya, nden o nanngaama ngam janfa. Hay so tawii Obasanjo saliima jaɓde haala Abiola, o wasiyiima Abacha nde woppataa ɗum. Ndeen o ardiima fedde ardiiɓe aadaaji e batu ngu ɓe ndarni ngam fuɗɗoraade kaaldigal hakkunde Abacha e Abiola. Jaɓugo maako wallugo Abiola mettini Yoruba'en ɗuuɗɓe, jawdi Obasanjo haa lesdi Yoruba'en ɗon ƴama.Obasanjo mettini bee ko o yi'i bana jukkungo ngam o wallitaako nafuuda sectari'en Yoruba'en. E lewru marse 1995, Obasanjo ina wonnoo to leydi Danemark ngam tawtoreede batu Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe ngam ɓamtaare renndo to Kopenhag. Nde o woni ton, o nani Yar'Adua nanngaama, malla o heɓan bana non to o warti Naajeeriya. O wiyi noon o wiyi alaa ko o waɗi, o felliti hootde. Waɗi sahaa gooto to Aeroport Lagos, passport makko nanngaa, janngo mum, polis ƴetti mo e galle makko Ota. Polis tuumi Obasanjo ina jokkondiri e kuudetaa mo Abacha waɗi, mo kolonel Lawan Gwadabe yuɓɓini. Obasanjo nawtaama hakkunde nokkuuji deentorɗi ceertuɗi, tawi gonnooɗo hooreejo leydi Amerik hono Carter e hoore mum jokkondirii e Abacha ngam ɗaɓɓude yo Obasanjo woppe. Ndeen Obasanjo artiraama to Ota, o waɗtaa e kasoo fotde lebbi ɗiɗi, e nder ɗuum o haɗaama heɓde jaayɗe, telefoŋ, walla njilluuji. Goɗɗo e tuumaaɗo wonde ina jeyaa e kuudetaa oo, hono Kolonel RSB Bello-Fadile, awokaa konu, ina wondi e caɗeele, e nder ɗuum o siifondiri e bayyinaango wonde o yahiino to Ota ngam humpitaade Obasanjo ko fayti e kuudetaa oo no woniri e peewnugol. Ɗum huutoraama ngam seedeeji ngam ñaawde Obasanjo e suuɗde fenaande, ko ɗum huunde nde sariyaaji leydi Najeriya mbaɗi.Ndeen o nawaama to nokku naamne kisal leydi ndii to Ikoyi. Abacha wiyi yo Obasanjo ñaawe e yeeso ñaawirdu konu, ñaawirdu nduu waɗi ñalnde 19 suwee 1995. E nder ñaawoore ndee, Obasanjo yedditii wonde RSB Bello-Fadile meeɗaa hawrude e makko. RSB Bello-Fadile kadi hollitii wonde o siifondirii e bayyinaango ngo Obasanjo jogori waɗde e dow doole, kono ñaawirdu nduu saliima ndeeɗoo ruttaade. Ñalnde 14 sulyee, ñaawirde ndee ñaawi Obasanjo duuɓi 25 kasoo ; Yar'Adua e woɗɓe sappo e nayo kadi tuumaaɗo wonde e nder fedde nde, ñaawaama warngo.Obasanjo caggal ɗuum noddi ɗum "ñalngu mum ɓurngu mettude". Caggal nde hooreejo leydi Amerik biyeteeɗo Bill Clinton holliti wonde leydi mum ina jogori haɗde petroŋ leydi Naajeeriya so tawii ɗeen warngooji mbaɗii, Abacha wayli ñaawoore maɓɓe, o ustii ñaawoore Obasanjo haa duuɓi 15. == Kasoo: 1995-1998 == Obasanjo waɗi lebbi nay garooji ɗii ko e nokku biyeteeɗo Ikoyi Centre, ɗo o fuɗɗii nanngeede e nder kasoo gooto. Ndeen o nawaama to kasoo mawɗo Lagos, Kirikiri, ɗo o woni e opitaal kasoo ngam rafi hipertension e jabet. Sarɗiiji Kirikiri ina keewi, ina ŋakki, Obasanjo wiyi wonde « yiɗaa ɗum e gaño am ɓurɗo bonde ». Ko ɗoon RSB Bello-Fadile ñaagii Obasanjo yaafuya sabu mum ƴattaade ɗum, Obasanjo yaafni ɗum. Ndeen winndannde nde RSB Bello-Fadile winndi ngam humpitaade ngonka kaa, yaltinaama e kasoo, yaltinaa, wallitii hollirde wonde Obasanjo alaa ko o waɗi. Caggal jonte keewɗe, Obasanjo e woɗɓe tuumaaɓe waɗde fedde ndee, njaltinaama to kasoo Jos to diiwaan hakkundeejo, to diiwaan Plateau ɗo ɓe ngoni lebbi keewɗi. Obasanjo fuɗɗinoo hokkaama tan ko Biibal e Quraana ngam janngude, kono seeɗa-seeɗa o acci binndi ɓurɗi yaajde. Binndol kadi ina rokka mo, ina addana mo jokkondirde e yimɓe e juɓɓule ceertuɗe, haa jooni Stella ina jaɓa yillaade mo lewru kala laawol gootol. Mandelaa e Pape Jean Paul II fof noddii yo o woppe, tawi noon sosiyeteeji Inndo e Almaañ fof ina ndokki mo njeenaaje winndereeje.Forum ardorde Afrik yaltinii defte ɗiɗi ɓataakeeji e binndanɗe binndaaɗe ngam teddinde mo ; Forum oo e hoore mum dogiino ummoraade Accra to Ganaa ngam daɗde e tooñanngeeji laamu Abacha. E fuɗɗoode hitaande 1996, Obasanjo ummiima Jos, fayti e kasoo ɓurɗo woɗɗude to Yola, to diiwaan Adamawa. Ko ɗoon o jaɓaa remde gesa.[194] Obasanjo hollitii wonde e nder kasoo o ɓeydii luggiɗde e goonɗinal makko e Kerecee’en, o ɓadtii Alla,[194] o wonti Kerecee’en jibinaaɗo.[195] Gila ndeen, diine kerecee en ina joginoo darnde ɓurnde mawnude e nder yi’annde makko aduna. To Yola, o waajii 28 waaju yontere kala caggal nde jaagorɗe njilluuji ndartinaa e wakkati seeɗa. O winndi ɗeen waajuuji, o acci ɗi njaltina nde o yalti.[195] Obasanjo kadi etinooma moƴƴinde yoga e sukaaɓe kasoo, rewrude e yahrude yeeso maɓɓe nde o wonti neɗɗo dimo.[196] Obasanjo hulii wonde maa o tooke, haa teeŋti noon e nder haalaaji renndo wonde maayde Yar'adua ko tooke anniya.[197] Abacha sankii ɗoon e ɗoon e lewru suwee 1998, caggal ɗuum komanndaaji konu nguu toɗɗii Seneraal Major Abdulsalaami Abubakar lomto makko. Yontere caggal mum, Abubakar yamiri yo Obasanjo woppe, o neldi laana ndiwoowa ngam artirde mo to Ota.[197] E yiɗde wartirde leydi Naajeeriya e laamu siwil, Abubakar fusi lanndaaji e juɓɓule leydi ndi gonɗe heen ɗee, o anndini peeje ɗe ngaddanta hooreejo leydi siwil toɗɗaade e lewru mee 1999.[198] == Kampaañ ngam suɓaade hooreejo leydi : 1998-1999 == Jooni ko o neɗɗo dimo, Obasanjo yahiino Afrik worgo, Angalteer, e Amerik, ɗo o safraa.[199] Lanndaaji politik kesi ina mbaɗa e nder leydi Najeriya, gooto e ɓurɓe mawnude e majji ko lannda Demokaraasi Leƴƴi (PDP), fedde nde yiɗnoo ko yaajde no feewi, so tawii ko e laamu, nde haɗata kuudetaaji garooji.[199] Terɗe PDP mawɗe ndartinii Obasanjo ngam wonde kanndidaa hooreejo leydi. Ɓe cikkatnoo ko omo waawi yamirde teddungal winnderewal, kadi ko o neɗɗo militeer, omo waawi jogaade leydi ndii e dow kuudetaaji garooji e dille seertuɗe. Ɓe mbi'i kadi Naajeeriya ɗon mari haaje hooreejo lesdi fombina ngam foondugo ardungal maako arandewal haa woyla, nden Obasanjo holli hoore maako bana fombina mo walaa ƴamol dow fombina.[200] Sehilaaɓe e ɓesngu ina mbiya yo o dog, mbiyi o bonnat innde makko moƴƴere walla o wara. Obasanjo hollitii wonde o saliima, kono ñalnde 28 lewru nduu o naati e lannda PDP, yontere caggal ɗuum o hollitii wonde o woni ko e waɗde hoore makko ngam wonde kanndidaa hooreejo lannda ka.[201] E nder kampaañ makko, o teeŋtinii yiɗde makko artirde ko o sikki ko ndonu laamu moƴƴu nde o yalti e laamu e hitaande 1979.[202] E nder dingiral mooftugol kaalis, o dañii N356 miliyoŋ, heen N120 miliyoŋ ko njulaagu Aliko Dangote rokki ɗum. Ko ɓuri heewde e ɗeen dokke ummorii ko e worɓe militeer en e njuɓɓudi njulaagu kesiri.[202] O yilliima leydi ndii, o waɗii konnguɗi e ɗaɓɓude heɗtiiɓe e yimɓe teeŋtuɓe ; ƴamde guwerneeruuji dowlaaji ko huunde maantiniinde e mbaadi makko.[203] Kampaañ makko ina ɓuuɓna kampaañ makko mawɗo, hono Alex Ekwueme, mo yimɓe worgo e konu nguu ngoongɗinaani no feewi.[204] PDP ina heɓa leydi e nder leydi Najeriya, ina hollita wonde ko kañum woni lannda ɓurka waawde e nder wooteeji laamu nokkuuji ɗii e lewru Duujal 1998, e wooteeji diiwaanuuji ɗii e lewru Yarkomaa 1999, e wooteeji Senaa e suudu sarɗiiji e lewru Feebariyee 1999.[205] Ñalnde 14 feebariyee 1999, batu PDP noddaa ngam suɓaade kanndidaa mum to hooreejo leydi. Obasanjo heɓi 1 658 woote, Ekwueme heɓi 521, e kanndidaaji joy keddiiɗi ɗii 260.[206] E ɗaɓɓude neɗɗo worgo ngam wonde cukko hooreejo leydi PDP, Obasanjo suɓii Atiku Abubakar.[207] Woote hooreleydaagu mbaɗi ko ñalnde 27 feebariyee ; Ko Olu Falae mo APP tan woni luutndiiɗo Obasanjo. Fotde feccere e fotɓe suɓaade ɓee mbaɗii noon, won heen ko fenaande hay so tawii alaa ko bonnata. Taƴre laawɗunde ndee rokkii Obasanjo 63% e wooteeji ɗii ; ko kanko woni majjuɗo e nder dowlaaji jeegom ɗii fof e nder leydi makko Yoruba.[208] == Hooreejo leydi (1999-2007) == == Manndaa gadano (1999-2003) == == Siile hooreejo leydi Naajeeriya == Caggal nde o riiwti ɗum, Obasanjo naati e nder galle hooreejo leydi to Aso Rock e lewru mee 1999 caggal nde o hunni hooreejo leydi to Eagle Square to Abuja.[209] Nde o toɗɗii laamu maako kesu, o suɓi ministaajo ɗuuɗɗum diga woylaare lesdi Naajeeriya, koo ngam ko ɓuri ɗuuɗugo nder maɓɓe woni Kirista'en, ɗum mettini woɓɓe juulɓe woylaare lesdi Naajeeriya. Ɓeen ñiŋooɓe ina keewi sifaade wonde kabine Obasanjo ina ɓooyi no feewi, ina ŋakkiraa humpito, haa teeŋti noon so tawii ko e geɗe faggudu.[210] E nder laamu makko gadano, toɓɓe ndimaagu ɗe Naajeeriya’en keɓata ɓeydii; ndimaagu jaayndeeji ina addana hooreejo leydi ndi ñiŋde no feewi.[211] E nder lebbi gadani laamu makko, Obasanjo woppii fotde 200 ofisee militeer, tawi heen 93 fof ina njogii jappeere politik, ɗum noon ko kuudetaa mo ofiseeji keewɗi humpito mbaɗata ina famɗi.[209] O ummini kadi ministeer defansiyoŋ gila Lagos haa Abuja, ngam tabitinki ɗum waddaama les njiimaandi laamu ɓurndi laaɓtude.[209] == Manndaa ɗiɗaɓo (2003-2007) == Obasanjo suɓaama kadi e woote 2003 ɗe njuumtaani, tawi ina waɗi caɗeele leƴƴi e diineeji. Gaño makko mawɗo, gonnooɗo laamɗo konu Seneraal Muhammadu Buhari, ko juulɗo, o heɓi ballal makko ko ɓuri heewde ko e fuɗnaange. Obasanjo heɓi 61,8% e woote ɗe, o fooli Buhari ko ɓuri miliyoŋaaji 11 woote.[212] E lewru noowammbar 2003, Obasanjo ñiŋaama sabu kuulal mum rokkude asilo hooreejo leydi Liberiya, hono Charles Taylor.[213] Ñalnde 12 lewru juko hitaande 2006, o siifondiri nanondiral Greentree e hooreejo leydi Kameruun Paul Biya nanondiral ngal joofniri luural keeri hakkunde duunde Bakassi.[214] Hay so tawii Senaa leydi Najeriya ƴettii kuulal ngam wiyde wonde ittugol konu leydi Najeriya e nder duunde Bakassi ko huunde nde fotaani, Obasanjo rokki yamiroore nde jokkata no haanirta nii.[215] E manndaa makko ɗiɗaɓo, Obasanjo jokki e daranaade yaajnude doole polis leydi ndii, haa arti noon e 325 000 polis e hitaande 2007.[216] Fitinaaji laddeeji jokkuɗi hakkunde juulɓe e kerecee en e nder diiwaan Plateau addani Obasanjo bayyinde toon laamu nguu e lewru mee 2004, o dartini laamu diiwaan oo, o darni laamu konu lebbi jeegom.[217] Ñalnde 22 lewru nduu hitaande 2005, guwerneer diiwaan Abia e oon sahaa, hono Orji Uzor Kalu, rokki EFCC ɗaɓɓaande ngam tuumaade wonde Obasanjo waɗii golle bonɗe.[218] == Ajenda manndaa tataɓo == Obasanjo ina wondi e luural ko fayti e « Agenda mum tataɓo » , woni peeje ngam waylude doosgal leydi ndii mbele omo waawa jogaade manndaa tataɓo, duuɓi nay, e gardagol leydi ndii. Ɗum waɗii ƴamol nder jaayndeeji siyaasaaku nder Naajeeriya, nden boo kuugal ngal jaɓaaka nder Asamblee lesdi.[219][220] Ko ɗum waɗi Obasanjo woppi laamu caggal wooteeji gardagol leydi e lewru abriil 2007.[221] E nder yeewtere hesere nde o waɗdunoo e teleeji Channels, Obasanjo saliima jeyeede e ko wiyetee « Ajenda tataɓo ». O wi'i ɗum Asamblee lesdi Naajeeriya ɗon mari limngal limngal limngal limngal lesdi Naajeeriya. Obasanjo wiyi : "mi meeɗaa fiyde miijo manndaa tataɓo."[222] == Ajenda manndaa tataɓo == Obasanjo ina wondi e luural ko fayti e « Agenda mum tataɓo » , woni peeje ngam waylude doosgal leydi ndii mbele omo waawa jogaade manndaa tataɓo, duuɓi nay, e gardagol leydi ndii. Ɗum waɗii ƴamol nder jaayndeeji siyaasaaku nder Naajeeriya, nden boo kuugal ngal jaɓaaka nder Asamblee lesdi.[219][220] Ko ɗum waɗi Obasanjo woppi laamu caggal wooteeji gardagol leydi e lewru abriil 2007.[221] E nder yeewtere hesere nde o waɗdunoo e teleeji Channels, Obasanjo saliima jeyeede e ko wiyetee « Ajenda tataɓo ». O wi'i ɗum Asamblee lesdi Naajeeriya ɗon mari limngal limngal limngal limngal lesdi Naajeeriya. Obasanjo wiyi : "mi meeɗaa fiyde miijo manndaa tataɓo."[222] Obasanjo ñaawaama e juuɗe mawɓe politik e nder sagata Agenda manndaa tataɓo. Senator Ken Nnamani, hooreejo suudu joonde diidaaɗi lesdi Naajeeriya, wi'i Obasanjo anndini mo dow ajendaaji ɗin ɓaawo o laati hooreejo suudu joonde diidaaɗi lesdi Naajeeriya. O wiyi : "Ɗoon e ɗoon, ngon-mi hooreejo senaa, o haalani mi anniya makko, o haalani mi no o yiɗiri heɓde ɗum. Miin e fuɗɗoode mi ƴettataa mo no feewi haa kewuuji ɗii puɗɗii feeñde." O hollitii kadi wonde Miliyaaruuji jeetati (8) Naira njaltinaama ngam wallitde depiteeji ɗii ngam wallitde ajendaaji ɗii, o naamndii : « hol no neɗɗo waawirta haalde nii tawa o anndaa ɗum, tee kaalis, e kaalis leydi ndii e kaalis leydi ndii fof, ina wayla juuɗe ». Femi Gbajabiamila tabbitini haala Nnamani ammaa o waɗi limngal man feere-feere, o wi'i: "Kaalis man hawti bee miliyaaruuji N10. Hol no N10bn wurtinirtee nder ceede lesdi ngam eɓɓoore nde a woni hooreejo jooɗiiɗo, ammaa nden eɓɓoore laataaki miijo ma? Toy ceede man iwdi?" E nder haalaaji garooji ɗii, Nnamani wiyi wonde hooreejo leydi Amerik hono George W. Bush jeertinii Obasanjo nde woppataa peeje mum ngam tawtoreede woote gardagol leydi e manndaa tataɓo. O wiyi : "so aɗa yiɗi hoolkisaade wonde gorko oo ina haala fenaande tan, ƴettu deftere nde Condoleezza Rice, gonnooɗo jaagorgal leydi Amerik winndi. Ko goonga ko deftere nde Rice winndi. E hello 628 walla hello 638, o yeewtidii e Obasanjo, no o yiɗiri hawrude e hooreejo leydi Ameriknaajo oo, no o yiyri hooreejo leydi Ameriknaajo oo ina waawi waylude doosgal leydi ndii mbele omo waawa yahde e manndaa tataɓo, Bush wiyi mo yo o woppu ɗum, o yalta haa ñalnde 29 mee 2007."[223] == Politik faggudu, renndo e caggal leydi == == Politik faggudu == == Obasanjo e wondude e laamɗo leydi Iran e hitaande 1999 == E ngalu petrol, Obasanjo sosi Komitiiru Ƴellitaare Delta Niger, o huutorii Porogaraam Jaŋde leslesre winndereyankoore ngam ɓeydude jaŋde leslesre Naajeeriya. O sosi Komiseer keeriiɗo toppitiiɗo golle bonɗe e Komiseer toppitiiɗo bonanndeeji faggudu e kaalis. Wuurtinii Sosiyetee ngenndiijo njulaagu to Kaduna e (Onne) Port Harcourt. Obasanjo ɓeydi geɗal njoɓdi petroŋ e renndo to dowla iwdi mum gila e 3 haa 13 e nder teemedere.[224] Ko adii laamu Obasanjo, ɓeydagol PIB leydi Nijeer ina muusi no feewi gila 1987, tee ina jokki tan e 3% hakkunde 1999 e 2000. Kono, e laamu Obasanjo, ɓeydagol ngol ɓeydiima fotde laabi ɗiɗi haa 6% haa o woppi laamu, tawi noon ina walliti ɗum e feccere e ɓeydagol coggu petroŋ. Resooji leydi Naajeeriya ko ɓuri miliyaaruuji ɗiɗi dolaar e hitaande 1999 haa miliyaaruuji 43 dolaar nde ɓe njalti laamu e hitaande 2007.[225] O dañii yaafuya ñamaale e fedde Pari e Londres fotde 18 miliyaar dolaar, o yoɓi kadi 18 miliyaar dolaar goɗɗo ngam woppude ñamaale. Ko vuri heewde e ziin njovdiiji mooftaama e njovdi njulaagu juutndi e nder yontere nde. (Toɓɓere feewnitagol). Ko ɓuri heewde e ɗeen ñamaale mooftaama wonaa e fenaande kono ko e yontaaji 1982–85 nde Naajeeriya huutorii laamu toppitiingu mbayliigu nguu, ngu rokki denndaangal njulaagu nguu e banke mawɗo leydi Nijeer. Nde Obasanjo heɓi laamu, faggudu leydi Najeriya wonnoo ko e caɗeele. Inflation ina yahra e 30% e hitaande e nder kitaale 1990 fof, e hitaande 2001 fotde 20% e mawɓe leydi Najeriya ina ngala golle.[226] Baasal ina yaaji, laamu Obasanjo ina yiɗi ustude ɗum e yoɓde N3,500 lewru kala fotde 200,000 neɗɗo ngam waɗde golle gaadoraaɗe ko wayi no ɓuuɓnude e moƴƴinde laabi.[226] Ndeen eɓɓoore lomtinaama e Porogaraam ngenndiijo ngam haɓaade baasal, jowitiingal e ƴellitde golle sukaaɓe, e njuɓɓudi teeru, e reende.[226] E hitaande 2000, laamu Obasanjo ɓeydi njoɓdi ɓurndi famɗude ndi sariya yamiri ndii laabi ɗiɗi.[227] O noddi Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe (FMI) ngam ƴeewtaade faggudu leydi Najeriya e rokkude wasiyaaji no moƴƴiri ɗum;[228] ɓe njeertinii wonde laamu nguu ina heewi ñamlude.[227] E hitaande 2001, Obasanjo hollitii hoore mum "ko o goongɗinɗo njuɓɓudi luumo", o hollitii wonde o yiyii bonneede ko "njuɓɓudi bonndi e nder sekteer laamu" addani mo.[229] Kono, nde o holliti darnde makko e nanondiral Washington ngam luumooji rimɗi, e privatisation, e ŋakkeende ngalu laamu, ngalu laamu nguu e feccere PIB ɓeydiima gila e 29% e hitaande 1997 haa 50% e hitaande 2001.[229] E lewru Yarkomaa hitaande 2000, Naajeeriya heɓi nyamande miliyaaruuji 1 dolaar Amerik, ko ɗum addani laamu nguu naatde e kaaldigal ngam waylude ñamaale mum e ñamaale mum.[228] Laamu Obasanjo naftoriima coggu petroŋ toowngu e nder winndere ndee e manndaa mum gadano. Nde anniyii kadi ɓeydude petroŋ leydi Naajeeriya e ɓeydude keewal gaasuuji ɓuuɓɗi, ɗi puɗɗii yaltineede e leydi ndii e hitaande 1999.[230] Obasanjo fellitii momtude ballal petroŋ, ɓeyda coggu nguu haa yettoo tolno njulaagu. Kongres gollooɓe leydi Naajeeriya noddi seppo mawngo ngam seppude ngam salaade lewru Juko hitaande 2000 e Obasanjo sakkitii, o ustii ballal ngal, wonaa ittude ngal. Ngolɗoo ngonka addani Obasanjo hollirde wonde ko "gaño miskineeɓe" e miijo renndo.[231] Ngam ɓeydude ustude njoɓdi, Obasanjo wayliima e privatisation, o sosi Diiso ngenndiijo ko faati e privatisation e lewru sulyee 1999. Nde o heɓi laamu, laamu fedde nde ina joginoo 588 sosiyetee laamu, tawi ko ina tolnoo e 55% e ñamaale caggal leydi, Obasanjo ina yaakorii wonde ko heewi e ɗeen, hay so tawii noon ɗe mbaawaa wonde in2. Privatization yiɗaama e yimɓe leydi Najeriya, ko 35% tan ɓe keɓi ballal e wiyde wiɗto miijo hitaande 2000.[233] Obasanjo kadi ina yiɗi kaaldigal ngam ustude ñamaale.[234] O hollitii wonde ñamaale leydi Naajeeriya ina keewi no feewi, ina mbonna faggudu mum e demokaraasi mum. Hay so tawii Kanadaa, Itali e Amerik ndartinii ñamaale leydi Nijeer, ɗeen ñamaale ina pamɗi, ñamaale mawɗe leydi ndii, ɓurɗe mawnude heen ko Angalteer, njaɓaani.[235] Obasanjo ɗon tuuma caɗeele faggudu lesdi Naajeeriya ɗuuɗɗe dow fenaande;[236] nder hitaande 2000, fedde Transparency International limti ɗum lesdi ɓurdundi fenaande nder duniyaaru.[229] Balɗe seeɗa caggal nde o heɓi laamu o hollitii kuulal ngam haɓaade fenaande to Asaambele ngenndi, hay so tawii noon ɗum jibinii luulndaare mawnde e juuɗe ñaawooɓe cikkatnooɓe ko ɗum rokki laamu nguu doole ɓurɗe heewde. Nanondiral waɗii ngam ustude eɓɓooje Obasanjo, addani mo siynude sariya keso oo e lewru suwee 2000.[236] Alaa ko holliti wonde njulaagu ustiima e nder leydi Najeriya e nder manndaa Obasanjo gadano, laamu makko waɗaani hay huunde ngam ƴeewtaade njulaagu nguu e nder leydi Najeriya, ngu yaaji e nder laamuuji diiwaan e laamuuji nokkuuji.[229] Obasanjo ina wondi e hooreejo leydi Riisi Valadimir Putin to Kremlin e hitaande 2001 Cellal renndo kadi ko huunde tiiɗnde e nder leydi Nijeer. E nder kitaale 1990, Naajeeriya ina yoɓnoo fotde 0,2% e PIB mum ngam wallitde cellal renndo, ko ɗum woni ko ɓuri famɗude e winndere ndee. Laamu Obasanjo ɓeydi ɗum haa ko ɓuri 0,4%.[237] Caɗeele cellal ɓurɗe yaawde toɗɗaade leydi Najeriya ko ñawu VIH/SIDA, Obasanjo yamiri ɗoon e ɗoon ciimtol ngonka e dow toɓɓere ndee caggal nde o heɓi laamu.[237] Ndeen o sosi Goomu Hooreejo leydi ngam haɓaade SIDA, ngu o ardii, o sosi Goomu Pewnugol Golle Ngenndiije ngam yuɓɓinde kampaañ 2000–03, jowitiingo e bayyinaango, heblo, wasiyaaji, e jarribooji ngam haɓaade mboros o. Ngam yahduki yeeso ngam njamu jama'aare, o fuɗɗi kampaniire kesum ngam hurgugo ceede laamu lesdi Naajeeriya ngam etaade nyiɓugo suudu nyawndiigu nder kala nokkure 774 laamu lesdi Naajeeriya == Politik caggal leydi == Obasanjo e Donald Rumsfeld to Pentagon e hitaande 2001 Ina jeyaa e golle Obasanjo mawɗe, ɗe o heɓi heen, moƴƴitinde innde leydi Nijeer e nder winndere ndee, nde o bonni e laamu Abacha. O waɗii ko ina ɓura feccere e manndaa makko gadano caggal leydi, o yilliima leyɗeele 92 haa e lewru oktoobar 2002. E lewru oktoobar 1999, Obasanjo sosi Goomu (Commission Bi-National) hakkunde Afrik worgo e Niiseer ngam yeewtidde e gollondiral hakkunde leyɗeele ɗiɗi ɗee, ɓurɗe mawnude e Afrik worgo Saharaa. Obasanjo jokki jokkindiral Naajeeriya bee U.S., o waddi walliinde U.S. ngam wallugo janngirde sooje'en Naajeeriya. O jokkondirii no feewi e hooreejo leydi Amerik biyeteeɗo Bill Clinton, o jokkondiri kadi e lomto Clinton, hono George W. Bush ; Bush yilliima Abuja e hitaande 2003, Obasanjo yilliima Wasinton e hitaande 2006.[240] E jokkude jokkondiral ɓurngal welde e U.K. ko ɓuri ko o joginoo e kitaale 1970, o tawtoraama batu makko gadano Commonwealth e lewru Noowammbar 1999, o jaɓɓi ɗum e lewru Duujal 2003, ɗo o heɓi njeenaari teddungal e juuɗe laamɗo debbo Biritaan biyeteeɗo Elizabeth II.[240] Nde Obasanjo heɓi laamu, o huninooma ittude konu leydi Najeriya e leydi Siyeraa Leyoon. E lewru ut 1999, o hollitii limre ngam ɓe ngurtina, hay so tawii noon ɗum dartinaama nde konu jam ONU moofti, ngu Nijeer rokki ɗum 4000 soldaat. Ndee doole yalti ko e hitaande 2005.[241] E nder jiiɓru to leydi Liberia, Obasanjo yamiri konu leydi Nijeer yo naata leydi ndii e lewru ut 2003 ; ɓe njalti e komanndaaji ONU lebbi ɗiɗi caggal ɗuum.[240] Obasanjo hokki Charles Taylor, hooreejo lesdi Liberiya, mo laamu mum woppi, o hokka mo haa lesdi Naajeeriya, koo ngam ɓaawo man o warti mo haa lesdi Liberiya ngam o ɗon ƴama mo ngam warhoore konu dow ƴamol hooreejo lesdi Liberiya keso, Ellen Johnson Sirleaf.[242] E yiɗde haɗude Naajeeriya yaltude e hareeji nder leydi ɗi yimɓe njiɗaa, o salii ɗaɓɓaande konu Naajeeriya ngam tawtoreede naatgol ECOMOG e nder wolde hakkunde leyɗeele Gine-Bisaawo e golle jam 2002 to Kodduwaar. E ɗaɓɓaande Angalteer, o walli e nanondiral hakkunde laamu Zimbaabwee mo Robert Mugabe, ngam hirjinde laamu nguu e ƴettude gese ɗe ɓaleeɓe jeyi e dow fenaande. O wondi e hooreejo leydi Afrik worgo hono Thabo Mbeki e gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi Ostarali John Howard, o jeyaa ko e fedde nde Commonwealth halfinaa ngam haɓaade Zimbaabwee.[243] Obasanjo e Mbeki njilliima Zimbaabwee laabi tati ngam golloraade dipolomasi deeƴɗo, kono ɓe keɓaani heen nafoore, ɓe mbiya Mugabe yo woppu laamu walla sosde laamu renndinde laamu e luulndiiɓe Mouvement pour le changement démocratique.[239] == Haɓde e jiiɓru leƴƴi e diineeji == Bush ina yeewtida e Obasanjo e nder batu G8 to Farayse, lewru suwee 2003 Caggal nde Obasanjo suɓaa, nokku ɗo sariyaaji lislaam ngoni ɗoo, wonti jeewte mawɗe e nder politik leydi Najeriya. Gila leydi ndii heɓi jeytaare mum, sharia ina jokki e ñaawde siwil hakkunde juulɓe wonɓe e dowlaaji worgo ɗii ; ñaawooɓe bonanndeeji ɗii laawɗinaaka e sariyaaji sharia, huunde nde mettini won e juulɓe.[244] E lewru suwee 1999, guwerneer diiwaan Zamfara, hono Ahmed Sani, hollitii naatgol timmungol shari’a e nder oon diiwaan, hay so tawii noon o hollitii wonde ɗum jogori huutoreede tan ko e hoɗɓe e juulɓe, wonaa e yimɓe ɓe ngonaa lislaam en. Ɗuum waɗi kulhuli nder yimɓe Kirista'en pamari nder woyla lesdi Naajeeriya, bee seppooji e seppooji feere-feere ɗon ngadda fitinaaji, haa fahin haa Kaduna.[244] Across Nigeria, Christian opinion was very hostile to the introduction of sharia as the basis of state penal systems.[245] Suudu Asaambele ngenndi ndii fof ina ɗaɓɓi e Obasanjo nde nawtata haala kaa to Ñaawirde Toownde.[245] O yiɗiino woppude ɗum, o yiɗaa darnde shari’a wonta huunde doosgal.[246] E nder renndo o yiɗiino seerndude ko o inniri "sharia goonga" e "sharia politik", o yetti arano oo, o wiyi wonde ɗiɗaɓo oo ko fad mo fizzle out.[245] Nde o salii naatde heen, Obasanjo heɓi ñiŋooje sabu ŋakkeende cuusal e juuɗe yimɓe heewɓe to bannge worgo, juulɓe tiiɗɓe to bannge worgo ina ƴattoo mo.[246] E nder ɗaɓɓaande yimɓe heewɓe ummoraade e renndooji juulɓe, dowlaaji nay goɗɗi to bannge worgo ƴettii sariya kuuɓtodinɗo sharia e hitaande 2000 e jeeɗiɗi goɗɗi e hitaande 2001. Obasanjo caggal ɗuum hollitii wonde haala kaa ko caɗeele ɓurɗe mawnude ɗe o meeɗi dañde e wonde hooreejo leydi.[246] Nde Obasanjo heɓi laamu, o hulɓinii no feewi nde tawnoo leydi Najeriya ina wondi e caɗeele e fitinaaji keewɗi, tawi ko ujunnaaje ujunnaaje maayɓe. Ndee ɗoo bonannde ina ɓeydoo saɗtude sabu ɓeydagol yimɓe ina ɓeydoo yaawde, ɗum addani ɗum ɓeydagol nguleeki weeyo e pottital ngam heɓde leydi ŋakkundi e nder gure teeru.[216] Ngam haɓaade ɗum, Obasanjo ɓeydii polis leydi ndii fotde laabi ɗiɗi, gila e 120 000 haa 240 000 hakkunde 1999 e 2003.[216] Ko seeɗa waɗaa ngam haɓaade bonanndeeji polis, tawi noon torlaaji tuumaaɗo ina keddii e yaajde e laamu Obasanjo.[211] Kadi ko ɓeydi fitinaaji ɗii ko jokkere enɗam hakkunde leƴƴi, e pelle leƴƴi e diiwanuuji ceertuɗi ina ɗaɓɓi ndimaagu ɓurngu mawnude, ɗum addani yeewtooɓe heewɓe teskaade ƴaañgol leydi Naajeeriya. Wonande Obasanjo, jogaade leydi ngootiri wonti huunde mawnde.[247] Ko e sahaaji cuɓaaɗi tan o ruttotoo e konu ngam ustude jiiɓru, o ɓuri yiɗde ko waasde mooftude konu so wonaa tawa guwerneeruuji dowlaaji ɗii ina ɗaɓɓi ɗum.[248] E nder konngol makko, "en poti huutoraade doole konu tan so tawii ko heddii koo fof ronkii. Ko cfuum woni miijo am e filosof am."[249] O yi'i nafoore mawnde e yaafuya, e yaafuya, e nanondiral ngam he6de nanondiral, wonaa e 6amtaare ñaawoore warngooji bacfcfi.[250] E laamu Obasanjo, darnde fitinaaji e jiiɓru nder leydi Naajeeriya ustii.[249] == Olusẹgun Obasanjo e hooreejo leydi Beresiil Lula da Silva 2005 == Ko ɓuri heewde e miijooji ceertuɗi ko e diiwaan Delta Niiseer, ɗo pelle koɗdiiɗe ɗee njiɗnoo jogaade ko ɓuri heewde e ngalu keɓaaɗo e nokkuuji petroŋ keewɗi ngalu. E lewru sulyee 1999, Obasanjo neldi Asaambele ngenndi kuulal ngam sosde Komiseer ƴellitaare Delta Niiseer ngam siynude e huutoraade peeje ngam haɓaade diiwaan oo, huunde nde o sikki ina waawi ustude fitinaaji toon. E nder jeewte keewɗe, komisiyoŋ oo fuɗɗii ko e lewru Duujal 2000.[251] E lewru noowammbar 1999, o neldi kadi bataliyoŋaaji ɗiɗi konu e nder diiwaan Delta Niiseer ngam nanngude sukaaɓe Asawana, fedde Ijaw en nannguɓe e warde poliseeɓe to Odi, to diiwaan Bayelsa. Militeer en mbonni ko ɓuri heewde e wuro ngoo ; laamu ngu wi'i 43 mbaraama, ammaa ONG nokkuure nde'e waɗi limngal maayɓe siwil'en 2,483.[252] Obasanjo siftinii halkaare ndee wonde « ina waawi rewde » e « ina metti » , o yilliima Odi e lewru marse 2001 ; o salii ñaawde konu nguu, o ñaagii yaafuya ngam halkaare nde, o yoɓi njoɓdi walla o mahdi wuro ngoo, hay so tawii noon Komiseer ƴellitaare Delta Niiseer waɗii ɗum.[249] E hitaande 2000, Obasanjo haɗi fedde Oodua Peoples Congress (OPC), fedde ngenndiyankoore Yoruba en, nde wonnoo ko e fitinaaji e leƴƴi goɗɗi, o yamiri yo ardiiɓe mayre nannge.[253] E lewru suwee 2001, fitinaaji hakkunde Kerecee’en ɓiɓɓe leydi ndii e njulaagu juulɓe to bannge worgo e nder diiwaan Plateau, waɗii fotde 500 maayɗo hade konu nguu naatde heen, heɓtude laamu. Ndeen Obasanjo yilliima, wiyi yo ɓe nanondiral. E lewru Oktoobar 2001, seppooɓe juulɓe to Kano mbari fotde 200 Igbo ngam jaabaade ballal Nijeer e bommbooji Amerik mbaɗi e Afganistaan. Ndeen Obasanjo yilliima ngam ɗaɓɓude nanondiral kono hoɗɓe ɓee boomi ɗum.[246] E lewru oktoobar kadi, soldateeɓe neldaama ngam deeƴnude jiiɓru hakkunde renndooji Jukun e Tiv en e keeri hakkunde diiwanuuji Benue e Taraba ; ndeen militeer en Tiv nanngi ɓe mbari ɓe to Zaki-Biam. Obasanjo yamiri konu nguu yo naata, ɓe ndartini, ɓe mbari fotde 250 haa 300 gorko nokku oo. Obasanjo yilliima nokku oo e hitaande 2002, o ñaagii yaafuya sabu huutoraade doole no feewi.[249] n lewru Yarkomaa 2002, Obasanjo yamiri polis mobbooji ɗii yo ndartin Bakassi Boys, fedde vigilante gollotoonde ko ɓuri heewde e nder diiwanuuji Abia e Anambra, nde waɗi ko ina tolnoo e ujunnaaje ɗiɗi warngooji. O sikkiino waɗde ɗum ko adii ɗuum sabu ballal yimɓe ɓe fedde nde heɓi e haɓde e fedde bonnde, kono o nanii o waawii yahrude yeeso e maɓɓe caggal nde yimɓe maɓɓe ustii.[254] E oon lewru kadi, nokku ɗo balɗe 100 000 ngoni ɗoo, to kaɓirɗe Ijeka, saraaji Lagos, yani, ina waawi addande ɗum en fotde ujunnaaje ujunnaaje neɗɗo maayɗo. Obasanjo yilliima ɗoon e ɗoon.[249] Fitinaaji bonɗi kadi ina njokki e nder wuro Lagos, e lewru feebariyee 2002, konu neldaa e nder wuro ngo ngam artirde deeƴre. E lewru abriil 2002, Obasanjo hollitii sariya baawɗo haɗude leƴƴi so tawii ina cikka ina mbaawi wallitde fitinaaji, kono njuɓɓudi laamu leydi ndii salii ɗum, sibu ko ɗum huunde ɓurnde toowde e laamu hooreejo leydi.[253] Won e ardiiɓe laamu hono hooreejo suudu sarɗiiji e hooreejo suudu sarɗiiji ina ngondi e caɗeele e hooreejo leydi ndii, o haɓaama e jarribooji keewɗi ngam ustude laamu e nder suuduuji ɗiɗi ɗii kala.[255] Obasanjo dañii daɗde e laamu, o toɗɗaa. == Caggal hooreejo leydi (2007–hannde) == == Politik == == Obasanjo e Robeer Mugaabe e hitaande 2013 == O wonti hooreejo fedde PDP, omo joginoo doole e nominaasiyoŋaaji ngam heɓde jappeere laamu haa e politik e peeje. No gooto e dipolomaat en Hirnaange wiyri nii, "O anniyaaki jooɗaade e jooɗorde passenger rokka wasiyaaji e hesɗitinde nanngude taayaare so tawii Naajeeriya yaltii e laawol."[256] O woppi golle hooreejo fedde PDP e lewru abriil 2012.[257] Caggal ɗuum, o yalti e golle politik e PDP. E lewru marse 2008, Obasanjo "ina sikkaa" ko goomu parlemaa Nijeer ñaawii ɗum sabu rokkude ɗum kaayitaaji semmbe fotde miliyaaruuji 2,2 dolaar e nder laamu mum duuɓi jeetati, tawi alaa ko o waɗi so wonaa laawol. Ciimtol ngol ɗoo wiɗto meeɗaa jaɓeede e nder parlemaa leydi Najeriya fof sabu manipulaasiyoŋ e golle ɗee fof e ardorde goomu wiɗto laamu nguu. Wonaa e winndannde laawɗunde wootere, mawɗo Obasanjo ñaawaama.[258] E lewru mee 2014, Obasanjo winndi hooreejo leydi Goodluck Jonathan ngam ɗaɓɓude yo o waɗtu hakkille e innde laamu leydi Najeriya ngam yoɓde sukaaɓe rewɓe Chibok ɓe fedde Boko Haram joginoo.[259] Ñalnde 16 feebariyee 2015, o woppi lannda laamu nguu, o yamiri hooreejo diiwaan PDP yo ƴettu kaayitaaji makko e nder yeewtere jaaynde.[260] O anndiraa caggal mum ko navigateur lannda luulndo keso sosaa, hono APC.[261] Ñalnde 24 lewru Yarkomaa hitaande 2018, o winndi hooreejo leydi ndi, hono Muhammadu Buhari, o hollitii nokkuuji ɗi o ŋakkiraa, o wasiyii mo nde o woppataa laamu e hitaande 2019.[262] Haa hannde denndaangal ɓataakeeji makko feewde e hooreeɓe leydi ndii ina adii njillu maɓɓe.[263] Ñalnde 31 lewru Yarkoma hitaande 2018, o fuɗɗi diɗɗal siyaasaaku bi'eteengal "Kawtal ngam Diɗɗal Naajeeriya" (CNM) haa Abuja.[264] Ñalnde 10 lewru mbooy hitaande 2018, dillere ndee ƴetti lannda politik, hono Kongres Demokaratik Afrik (ADC).[265] Ñalnde 20 noowammbar 2018, Obasanjo hollitii e dow laabi gartugol mum[266] e lannda luulndo mawngo, hono lannda Demokaraasi Leƴƴi (PDP) e nder udditgol deftere wiyeteende My Transition Hours, nde gonnooɗo hooreejo leydi ndii, hono Goodluck Jonathan winndi. Ñalnde 22 lewru bowte hitaande 2022, Obasanjo hollitii wonde o woppii politik partiiji, caggal nde o jaɓɓi depiteeji ngenndiiji lannda Demokaraasi Leƴƴi [PDP] to hoɗorde makko to Ota, to diiwaan Ogun, to leydi Nijeer[267] == Dipolomasi == Obasanjo toɗɗaa ko nulaaɗo keeriiɗo to leydi Konngo, to leydi Konngo, ndi wolde yani e mum. O waɗi batuuji ceertuɗi e gardiiɗo leydi RDC Joseph Kabila e gardiiɗo luulndiiɓe laamu nguu hono Laurent Nkunda. E nder wooteeji Zimbaabwee e lewru sulyee 2013, Obasanjo ardii delegaasiyoŋ ƴeewooɓe wooteeji Dental Afrik.[268] E hitaande 2022, Obasanjo waɗii hakkunde kaaldigal jam hakkunde laamu Ecoppi e fedde wiyeteende Tigre e les njiimaandi Dental Afrik, haa arti noon e dartagol wolde Tigre ñalnde 2 noowammbar 2022.[269] E hitaande 2025, Obasanjo toɗɗaama yo won hakkundeejo e nder renndo Afrik fuɗnaange e renndo ƴellitaare Afrik worgo e nder leydi Konngo e nder kampaañ M23 (2022–hannde).[270] == Jaŋde ɓeydaande == E lewru desaambar 2017, Obasanjo ƴetti doktoraa mum. tesis e nder diine to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde leydi Najeriya. == Miijo politik == To bannge miijooji, Obasanjo ko ngenndiyanke Najeriya.[27] O ɗon mari haaje yidde lesdi Naajeeriya e nuɗɗinki dow Naajeeriya foti jogaago lesdi-leydi woore, naa ngam senndindirki dow laabi lenyol.[275] E hitaande 2001, o hollitii wonde faandaare makko juutnde ko "moƴƴinde kala sifaa ɓiyleydaagu so wonaa ɓiyleydaagu leydi Nijeer". O wi'i ɓustugo lesdi Naajeeriya dow laabi le'i, ɗum waddan laɓɓinki le'i e fitinaaji ɗi yi'aama wakkati hareeji Yugoslawi nder kitaale 1990.[275] Iliffe wi'i Obasanjo'en lesdi Naajeeriya ɗon mari bawɗe ngam o wurti diga yimɓe mawɓe Yoruba'en e wakkati maako nder konu, haa o huwi bee sooje'en diga lenyol feere-feere.[27] Demokaraasi ina waawi waasde jogaade ƴellitaare faggudu yaawnde walla ngalu kono ko ɗum, ko famɗi fof, mbaadi laamu ɓurndi moƴƴude haa jooni, ndi addanta ko ɓuri heewde e yimɓe tawtoreede no haanirta nii e nder peeje e geɗe jowitiiɗe e laamu mum en. Demokaraasi ko cuɓal ngal laamɓe ɓuri yiɗde... E nder ngonka leydi Naajeeriya, demokaraasi ko kañum tan woni koolaaɗo kuuɓal baawɗo hawrude e pelle leslese ceertuɗe e nder leñol jogiingol daɗndo ngootaagu, potal e darnde wootere e nder dumunna. == — Olusegun Obasanjo ko faati e demokaraasi, hitaande 1990[276] == Iliffe hollitii wonde teeŋtinde politik nanondiral ko "kuulal gonngal dow ngal" e nder nguurndam Obasanjo fof.[68] Nde o woni e laamu e kitaale 1970, Obasanjo hollitii ñiŋooje makko e "luulndaare juɓɓule" e laamu nguu.[109] E miijo makko, ɗum "ina luurdi no feewi e ko ɓuri heewde e pinal e golle politik Afrik."[161] E nder nokkuuji ɗo o luulndii laamu nguu, o miijii wonde lanndaaji luulndiiɗi ɗii ina poti waɗde heen geɗe moƴƴe,[161] e wonde politikaaji ɗii ina poti jokkude njiylawu nanondiral, wonaa waɗde luural ko juuti. O sikki wonde pottital politik ina jogii batte cemmbinɗe, ɗe nganndu-ɗaa ina teskaa e leydi ƴellitoori hono Nijeer, kadi deeƴre ina foti reeneede.[109] Obasanjo ɗon wolwa haa batu hitaande 2014, kawtal Banki Afriknaajo ngam ɓamtaare lesdi Kigali Nde o mettini e ko o yi’i ko ina wona ŋakkeende laamu demokaraasi wakilaagu e nder fuɗɗoode kitaale 1980, Obasanjo fuɗɗii hollirde ballal mum e dowla gooto e nder leydi Najeriya. O wiyi noon wonde ooɗoo dowla gooto ina foti wallitde yimɓe fof e nder laamu, teddinde jojjanɗe aadee, e reende ndimaagu haalde.[161] Caggal mum e kitaale 1980, o jeertinii eɓɓaande dowla lanndaaji ɗiɗi ɗi Babangida ƴettunoo, o miijii wonde so Babangida ina miijo lannda hakkunde-nano e hakkunde-nyaamo ina kaɓa hakkunde mum en, alaa e sago ɗum ƴellitoo haa wonta lannda gooto lomtotooɗo Kerecee’en fuɗnaange, lannda goɗɗo oo lomtotooɗo juulɓe fuɗnaange][16]. O wi'i haa nokkuure nden o wi'i walaa keerol dow limngal lanndaaji siyaasaaku ɗi mbaawata sosde, koo ngam o wi'i to ɗum waawataa waɗugo nden Naajeeriya laatoto lesdi lannda woore.[161] E nder njiimaandi Dental Sowiyet e fuɗɗoode kitaale 1990 e yah-ngartaa caggal ɗuum feewde e politik lanndaaji keewɗi e nder Afrik, Obasanjo kadi wonti balloowo lanndaaji keewɗi == Jaɓɓungal e ndonu == Statue Olusegun Obasanjo to Owerri, diiwaan Imo, leydi Najeriya. John Iliffe siftinii Obasanjo wonde "tergal ɓurngal teeŋtude e yonta ɗiɗaɓo ardiiɓe Afrik jeyaaɓe e leydi ndii, ɓe ndarni koye mum en ngam semmbinde dowlaaji mum en caggal koloñaal".[275] O sikki ko geɗe nay mawɗe ɗe Obasanjo waɗi e laamu mum : o jokki e jogaade heen geɗel gootel e nder leydi ndii, o jokki e jogaade doole e nder leydi ndii, o wallitorii sosde Dental Afrik, o ustii ñamaale leydi ndii caggal leydi.[248] E lewru desaambar 1999, tolno jaɓgol makko ina tolnoo e 84% ; e hitaande 2001 ko 72% ; e lewru suwee 2003 nde ustii haa 39%.[234] Obasanjo ina tuumanoo laabi keewɗi fenaande e nder nguurndam mum fof, hay so tawii noon kanko e hoore makko o wiyi wonde golle makko ko goonga.[229] Ɓeen ñiŋooɓe Obasanjo ina cikki wonde caggal nde o nanngaa e kasoo e kitaale 1990, o ɓeydii faamde wonde ko o neɗɗo masiŋ, o woppii neɗɗaagu makko, o ɓeydii kadi tiiɗnaade e goongɗinde wonde ko ɗum woni darnde makko nde Alla yamiri ngam laamaade leydi Najeriya.[299] Ɓeen ñiŋooɓe Obasanjo ina cikki wonde o bonnii laamu, haa teeŋti noon e manndaa makko ɗiɗaɓo, o wonti ko miijo jogaade laamu haa abada.[282] E nder manndaa makko gadano e nder laamu, o dañii heen gaññeeje e banndiraaɓe makko Yoruba en, ɓe cikkatnoo ko o fotnoo waɗde ko ɓuri ɗum ngam ɓamtude nafooje leñol makko e nder laamu.[300] Caggal nde o nanngaa, Obasanjo wiyi wonde ñiŋooje ina kuutoree tan ngam tabitinde « goonga e haala am » e hollirde ñiŋooje makko « bonɗe e nder aduna dogɗo e bonɗo ».[299] == Defte ɗe obasanjo winndi == Watch am Volume 1: Nguurndam arano e konu Watch am Volume 2: Geɗe politik e renndo Watch am Volume 3: Jooni e ndeen == Yamiroore am == == Nzeogwu == Daaba Wiyeteeɗo Neɗɗo Fajiri Keso Thabo Mbeki mo anndi Afrik E Gite Patriot Waɗde Afrik ina golla: Deftere janngirnde Waɗde nanondiral e jokkondiral Amerik e Afrik: yeewtere joyaɓere nde David M. Abshire rokki, ñalnde 15 lewru Duujal hitaande 1987 == Afrik e nder Yiyngo == Ɓataakeeji ngam waylude aduna: Gila e Pankhurst haa e Orwell Wonaa Yiɗde am Golle Demokaraasi : Rewindaade politik ngam nafoore Afrik == Watch am == Caɗeele Ardorde e nder Afrik Gaañanɗe wolde : Coodguuli ƴellitaare e nder Sudaan worgo Ardiiɓe ngam duwaawu moƴƴo Caɗeele peewnugol ndema e kisal nguura e nder Afrik Haɓde e caɗeele sukaaɓe Afrik e ŋakkeende nguura : darnde ndema Afrik e nder sosde golle Dust Suspended: Ciimtol nguurndam koloñaal, caggal leydi e nguurndam dipolomaasi 1953 haa 1986 Afrik e lewru marse: deftere ngam faggudu leydi ndii Suɓngooji Afrik teeŋtuɗi : Noddaango ngam ƴellitde laawol Pan-Afrik == Njeenaaje e teddungal == 1981–87, tergal, Goomu UNESCO ngam jam e nder hakkillaaji worɓe 1983–89 Tergal, Goomu keeriiɗo ngam ustude kaɓirɗe e kisal (Goomu Olaf Palme) 1983, tergal Goomu annduɓe OMS ko faati e batte kaɓirɗe nukliyeer 1986, hooreejo fedde yimɓe mawɓe Commonwealth ko faati e Afrik worgo 1986, tergal, Goomu Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe ko faati e Neɗɗo Toowɗo ko faati e jokkondiral hakkunde Ƴellitaare e Ƴellitaare 1987–93, gardiiɗo fedde winndereere ɓurnde moƴƴude, Wasinton D.C. 1988–89, Sosɗo e hooreejo, Fedde Ardorde Afrik e hooreejo, Yiilirde Ngenndiire, Fooyre Ardorde Afrik Inc. New York 1988 (mee), hooreejo, Heɗto Namibi, Fedde Adunaare Eklesiyaaji, Wasinton D.C 1988–99, Jaagorgal keeringal to Duɗal Adunawal Demal Toowngal, Ibadan 1989, tergal teddungal, Goomu toppitiingu njeenaari yimɓe Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe 1989, tergal, Fedde nde wonaa laamuyankoore ngam ƴellitaare kaalis wonande leyɗeele ƴellitiiɗe (Komisiyoŋ Schmidt) 1989 Tergal, Goomu Wagginoore, Parlemaa Golle Adunaaje 1989–99, hooreejo, Goomu Wagginooji, Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe (TI) 1990, tergal, Goomu Wagginoore, Duɗal Etikaaji Aduna Tergal, Yiilirde Ngenndiire, duɗal Afriknaajo Ameriknaajo 1991–93, Bayyinoowo, Fedde Afrik lewru kala 1991, tergal, Diiso yimɓe mawɓe, Reso kaaldigal hakkunde leyɗeele, Carter Center to Duɗal Jaaɓi-haaɗtirde Emory, Atlanta 1991, tergal, Diiso Wasiyaaji, Njeenaari Nguura Aduna, Des Moines, Iowa 1992, tergal, fedde toppitiinde ko fayti e kaalis Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe (Fondation Ford) 1993–95, tergal, Goomu Wasiyaaji Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe ko faati e Afrik 1994 – Yiylotooɗo laawɗuɗo wooteeji to Mosammbik e noddaango laamu Mosammbik 1994–99 Tergal, Goomu Wagginoore, Goomu Carnegies ngam haɗde hareeji maayɗi 1995–99, ko o gardiiɗo PNUD ngam ƴellitaare aadee Joom mum e mawɗo Promoter, Duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde karallaagal Bells, Ota.[22] == Ƴeew kadi == Defterdu hooreejo leydi Olusegun Obasanjo == Tuugnorgal == d6faqmvrbmc2geie0b4kdnhkywi0tqm 175870 175867 2026-06-23T09:28:17Z Ilya Discuss 10103 #1Lib1Ref 175870 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Mawɗo Olusegun Matthew Okikiola''' Ogunboye Aremu Obasanjo GCFR (// C; Yoruba: Olúṣẹ́gun Ọbásanjọ́ [ōlúʃɛ́ɡũ̄ ɔ̄básã̄d͡ʒɔ́] R; jibinaa ko c. ndema, e gonnooɗo seneraal konu gonnooɗo hooreejo leydi Naajeeriya gila 1976 haa 1979, caggal ɗuum o woni hooreejo leydi ndii gila 1999 haa 2007. To bannge miijo, ko o ngenndiyanke Naajeeriya, o jeyaa ko e lannda Demokaraasi Leƴƴi (PDP) gila 1998 haa 2019.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://m.guardian.ng/art/obasanjos-story-aremu-set-to-hit-the-stage/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|title=Obasanjo's story, Aremu set to hit the stage|date=13 October 2019|access-date=30 October 2019|newspaper=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.un.org/webcast/ga/61/pdfs/nigeria-e.pdf|title=Statement by Obasanjo to the United Nations|access-date=23 April 2011}}</ref> Obasanjo jibinaa ko e wuro Ibogun-Olaogun, e nder galle remoowo, jeyaaɗo e leñol Owu, Obasanjo janngi ko ɓuri heewde e wuro wiyeteengo Abeokuta, to diiwaan Ogun. O naati konu leydi Naajeeriya, o janngi ko faati e inndeeji, o golliima to Konngo, Angalteer, e Inndo, o arti e darnde Major. E darorɗe kitaale 1960, o waɗii darnde mawnde e haɓaade seernaaɓe Biafra e nder wolde hakkunde leyɗeele Nijeer, o jaɓi dogde e hitaande 1970. E hitaande 1975, kuudetaa konu sosi junta e Obasanjo e nder laamu mum tati. Caggal nde hooreejo triumvirate, hono Murtala Muhammed, waraa e hitaande rewtunde ndee, Diiso toowngo konu toɗɗii Obasanjo hooreejo leydi ndii. Jokkude politik Murtala, Obasanjo ƴeewtindiima taƴgol bidsee e yaajnude jaŋde ekkolaaji ɗi ngalaa njoɓdi. Ɓesdugo hawtuki lesdi Naajeeriya bee lesdi Amerika, o teddini kadi ballal pelle luutndiiɗe laamu ɓaleeɓe pamari nder Afrika woylaare. Obasanjo ɗon mari haaje wartirgo demokaraasi, o ardi woote 1979, ɓaawo man o hokki laamu lesdi Naajeeriya haa hooreejo lesdi siwil keso, Shehu Shagari. Ndeen Obasanjo artii e golle mum to Ota, Ogun, ɗo o wonti demoowo, o yaltini defte nay, o tawtoraama eɓɓooji winndereeji ngam joofnude hareeji Afrik ceertuɗi. E hitaande 1993, Sani Abacha heɓti laamu e kuudetaa konu. Obasanjo ina ñiŋa laamu Abacha e peeñcu, e hitaande 1995 o nanngaa, o ñaawaa wonde o jeyaa ko e kuudetaa peewnaaɗo, hay so tawii o seppii wonde o alaa ella. Nde o woni e kasoo ndee, o wonti Kerecee’en jibinaaɗo, tawi ko providentialism ina tiiɗtini no feewi e yi’annde makko aduna caggal ɗuum. O woppitaama caggal maayde Abacha e hitaande 1998. Obasanjo naati e politik wooteeji, o wonti kanndidaa PDP e wooteeji hooreleydaagu 1999, ɗi o dañi. Ko o hooreejo leydi, o woppi politik militeer en, kamɓe ɗiɗo fof ɓe njaajni polis, ɓe moofti konu ngam haɓaade fitinaaji leƴƴi, diineeji, e seernaaɓe jaajɗi. O itti sooje'en lesdi Naajeeriya diga lesdi Siyeraa Leone, o hokki hukuumaaji pamari feere-feere ngam ustugo ceede lesdi ndi'i. O artiraa e woote 2003. E nder miijooji Pan-Afrik, o woniino daraniiɗo no feewi sosde Dental Afrik, o woniino hooreejo mayre tuggi 2004 haa 2006. Eɓɓooje Obasanjo ngam waylude doosɗe leydi ngam ittude keeri manndaa hooreejo leydi, ɗe njahraani no haanirta nii, ɗe ngaddani ɗum ñiŋooje. Caggal nde o woppi golle, o heɓi doktoraa makko e ganndal diine to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde National Open to leydi Najeriya. == Nguurndam gadano == Baaba Olusegun Obasanjo, Obasanjo Bankole, jeyaa ko e ardiiɓe hoɗɓe e sosɓe wuro Igbogun Olaogun e fuɗɗoode kitaale 1920. Hay so tawii ko o demoowo keewɗo jawdi, o jom jawdi en, omo hiisee wonde miskiino sabu o jeyaaka e yimɓe jannguɓe e nder leydi Yoruba. Bankole hawri e Bernice Ashabi, njulaagu tokooso to Igbogun, kamɓe ɗiɗo fof ɓe resndi. Ɓeeɗoo ɗiɗo ina njogii ɓiɓɓe ɗiɗo heddiiɓe e nder jeegom : Olusegun e Adunni Oluwola, miñiiko debbo gooto. E wiyde paaspoor makko, Olusegun Obasanjo jibinaa ko ñalnde 5 marse 1937 hay so tawii noon alaa ko winndaa e mum hannde, ñalngu nguu ko limto ɓadiiɗo. Olusegun ko jeyaaɗo e Laamu Owu. O mawni ko e Baptiste. Debbo makko caggal mum naati lislaam ngam resde gorko juulɗo.[9] E duuɓi sappo e go'o, o naati duɗal leslesal wuro ngo,[10] caggal duuɓi tati, e hitaande 1951, o naati duɗal Baptist Day to nokku Owu to Abeokuta.[11] E hitaande 1952 o arti e duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde sukaaɓe Baptist,[12] kadi e nder wuro ngo. Feccere e njoɓdi duɗal makko ko dokke laamu.[13] Obasanjo waɗii ko moƴƴi e jaŋde,[14] e nder duɗal o wonti Boy Scout keewɗo faayiida.[15] Hay so tawii alaa ko holliti wonde e oon sahaa o tawtoraama kala pelle politik,[15] ko e nder duɗal hakkundeewal Obasanjo salii innde makko adannde "Matthew" ngam wonde golle luulndiiɗe koloñaal.[16] E nder ɗuum, baaba Obasanjo woppi debbo mum e sukaaɓe mum ɗiɗo.[17] Nde o yani e baasal, yumma Obasanjo ina foti golloraade njulaagu ngam wuurde.[15] Ngam yoɓugo ceede janngirde maako, Obasanjo ɗon huuwa haa gese kakawo e kola, ɗon ligga, ɗon mooɓa leɗɗe, ɗon sooda ceene mahooɓe. E nder balɗe udditgol duɗal ngal kadi o golliima e duɗal ngal, omo taƴa huɗo e golle juuɗe goɗɗe.[18] E hitaande 1956, Obasanjo waɗi jaŋde mum hakkundeere, caggal nde o ñamli kaalis ngam yoɓde njoɓdi naatgol.[19] E oon hitaande kadi, o fuɗɗii jokkondirde e Oluremi Akinlawon, ɓiy Owu mawɗo station. Ɓe ndarniino dewgal haa hitaande 1958.[20] O yalti duɗal, o fayi Ibadan, o ƴetti golle jannginde. Ko ɗoon o jooɗii e ekzamen naatgol to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Ibadan, kono hay so o jaɓii o tawi o waawaa yoɓde njoɓdi jaŋde.[19] Ndeen Obasanjo fellitii jokkude golle mum e nder konu leydi Najeriya, ngam heɓde ngal gollal, e hitaande 1958 o jaabiima eɓɓoore ngam janngude ofiseeji cadet e nder konu leydi Najeriya.[21][22] == Fuɗɗoode golle konu (1958-1966) == == Heblo konu: 1958-1959 == E lewru marse 1958, Obasanjo naati e konu leydi Najeriya.[23] O yi’i ɗum ko fartaŋŋe jokkude jaŋde makko tawa omo heɓa njoɓdi;[24] o humpitaaki ɗoon e ɗoon ɓesngu makko, o hulii wonde jibnaaɓe makko ina njaɓa ɗum.[25] Ko e oon sahaa konu leydi Najeriya ina jokki e juuɗe laamu koloñaal leydi Najeriya, ngam heblude ndimaagu leydi Najeriya timmungu, kadi ina waɗi eɓɓooje ngam heɓde yimɓe leydi Najeriya ɓurɓe heewde e nder darnde konu mum.[25] Ndeen o neldaama to duɗal jaŋde ofiseeji jooɗɗi to Teshie to leydi Gana.[23] Nde o woni caggal leydi, o neldi ɓataakeeji e dokke to jom suudu makko to leydi Najeriya.[20] E lewru suwee 1958, o suɓaa ngam ɓeydaade heblo lebbi jeegom to duɗal Mons Officer Cadet to Aldershot, to fuɗnaange Angalteer. Obasanjo yiɗaa ɗum toon, o sikkatnoo ko ɗum juɓɓule njiyaagu e njiyaagu, o tawi ina saɗi ko jokkondiri e dumunna Engele ɓurɗo toowde e ɓuuɓde.[26] Nde semmbini miijooji makko bonɗi e laamu Biritaan e hakke mum laamaade e dow laamuuji mum koloñaal en.[24] To Mons, o heɓi komisoŋ e seedantaagal to bannge innde. Nde Obasanjo woni to leydi Angalteer, yumma mum maayi. Baaba makko ndeen maayi ko hitaande caggal ɗuum.[27] E hitaande 1959, Obasanjo arti Nijeer. Ko ɗoon o artiraa to Kaduna, o woni subaltern infanterie e bataliyoŋ joyaɓo.[27] Wakkati maako haa Kaduna woni wakkati arandejum nde Obasanjo jooɗi haa nokkure nde juulɓe ɗuuɗi.[27] Ko nde o woni toon, e lewru Oktoobar 1960, leydi Nijeer wonti leydi ndimaagu.[28][22] == Kiiriis Konngo: 1960-1961 == == Ƴeew kadi: Kiriis Konngo == Caggal ɗuum seeɗa, bataliyoŋ joyaɓo neldaa to Konngo ngam jeyeede e konu Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe ngam haɓaade jam. Ko ɗoon bataliyoŋ oo woni e nder diiwaan Kivu, tawi ko ɗoon woni Bukavu.[28] To leydi Konngo, Obasanjo e woɗɓe ina njoginoo darnde reende siwil en, haa arti noon e leñol Belsik, e soldateeɓe murtuɓe e laamu Patrice Lumumba.[28] E lewru feebariyee 1961, Obasanjo nanngaa e juuɗe murtuɓe nde o ummotoo e misiyoŋaaji katolik en e nder dingiral sara Bukavu. Mutinooɓe ɓee miijinoo ko warde mo kono ɓe njamiraama yo ɓe njaltu. E lewru mee 1961, bataliyoŋ joyaɓo ummii Konngo, arti Najeriya.[28] E nder wolde nde, o toɗɗaama kapiteen wakkati.[24] O teskiima caggal ɗuum wonde sahaa mo o woni e Konngo oo ina semmbina "fervour pan-africain" bataliyoŋ makko.[28] == Gartugol e leydi Konngo: 1961-1966 == Nde o arti, Obasanjo soodi oto makko gadano, o naati e opitaal ko juuti sabu rafi reedu. Nde o selli, o artiraa e Korse Innjiniyaaruuji konu. E hitaande 1962 o jooɗii to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Royal College to Angalteer. Ko ɗoon o ɓuri waawde, o siforaa ko "almuudo Commonwealth ɓurɗo waawde". Oon hitaande, o yoɓi Akinlawon ngam yahde Londres ɗo o waawi naatde e kursus heblo. Ɓeeɗoo ɗiɗo resndi ɗum ko e lewru suwee 1963 to biro binnditagol Camberwell Green, ɓe nganndini ɓesnguuji maɓɓe tan caggal nde ɓe mbaɗi hiirde ndee.E ndeen hitaande, Obasanjo yamiraama yo o hoot to leydi Nijeer, hay so tawii debbo makko ina heddii to Londres duuɓi tati goɗɗi ngam timminde jaŋde makko. Nde o naati Naajeeriya, Obasanjo hoosi ardungal konu Innjiniyaaruuji ladde, jooɗiiɗum haa Kaduna. E nder konu, Obasanjo ina jokki e yahrude yeeso e nder darɗe, o wonti mawɗo e hitaande 1965. O huutoriima ngalu makko ngam soodde leydi, e fuɗɗoode kitaale 1960 o heɓi jawdi to Ibadan, Kaduna, e Lagos. E hitaande 1965, Obasanjo neldaa leydi Inndo. E nder laawol, o yilliima debbo makko to Londres. To leydi Indiya, o janngi to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde toppitiingal ko fayti e cellal to Wellington, caggal ɗuum to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Innjiniyaaruuji to Poona. Obasanjo hulɓinii e heege nde o seedtii e nder leydi Indiya hay so tawii o ƴettii nafoore e pinal leydi ndii, huunde nde addani mo janngude defte diineeji nannditooji. == Hare nder leydi Naajeeriya == == Winndannde mawnde: Hare nder leydi Najeriya == == Golle makko ko adii wolde hakkunde leyɗeele: 1966-1967 == Obasanjo ummi Naajeeriya nder lewru January hitaande 1966 ngam heɓugo lesdi ndi'i nder kuudetaa konu ngu Major Emmanuel Ifeajuna ardii. Obasanjo ina jeyaa e jeertinɓe wonde ngonka kaa ina waawi jippaade e wolde nder leydi.O hollitii wonde maa o won hakkunde ƴaañooɓe kuudetaa e laamu siwil, ngu rokki laamu nguu e juuɗe hooreejo konu Johnson Aguiyi-Ironsi. Nde kuudetaa oo ronki, Olusegun hawri e Ironsi to Lagos. Ironsi ɓooyaani ko timmini fedde nde e nder leydi Najeriya rewrude e yamiroore mum kawral e lewru mee 1966, huunde nde ɓuuɓni jiiɓru leƴƴi. E darorɗe lewru sulyee, kuudetaa ɗiɗmo waɗi. To wuro Ibadan, sooja'en iwdi woyla lesdi Naajeeriya ɗon ƴama, ɓe mbari Ironsi, ɓe mbari fodde teemeɗɗe ɗiɗi sooje'en ko ɓuri ɗuuɗugo ɓe iwdi lesdi Naajeeriya. Seneraal Yaakubu Gowon heɓti laamu. Nde ooɗoo kuudetaa waɗata nde Obasanjo wonnoo ko to Maiduguri. Nande ɗum, o yaawi hootde Kaduna. Ko ɗoon o tawi konu worgo ummoriiɗo e bataliyoŋ tataɓo ina ronka, ina torloo, ina wara soldateeɓe Igbo en. Gomnaajo lesdi Naajeeriya, Hassan Katsina, annditi dow koo ngam Olusegun naa Igbo, bana no o woni mo woylaare lesdi Naajeeriya, o ɗon nder ɓilla haa sooja'en murtuɓe. Ngam reenaade ɓe, Katsina neldi Olusegun e debbo mum ngarta Maiduguri balɗe sappo, tawi fitinaaji ɗii ina ustoo. Caggal ɗuum, Obasanjo neldi debbo mum to Lagos, tawi omo hoota Kaduna kanko e hoore makko, o woni ɗoon haa lewru Yarkomaa 1967. E oon sahaa ko kanko woni ofisee Yoruba ɓurɗo mawnude tawaaɗo to bannge worgo. E lewru Yarkomaa 1967, Obasanjo toɗɗaama to Lagos ngam wonde mawɗo Injineer konu.Hare hakkunde leƴƴi Igbo e leƴƴi worgo ina jokki e ɓeydaade, e lewru mee, ofisee konu Igbo C. Odumegwu Ojukwu hollitii jeytaare nokkuuji ɓurɗi heewde Igbo e nder fuɗnaange-rewo leydi Bi. Ñalnde 3 lewru juko, laamu leydi Najeriya neldi Obasanjo to Ibadan ngam wonde hooreejo leydi Hirnaange.Hare hakkunde konu leydi Najeriya e seernaaɓe Biafran fuɗɗii ko ñalnde 6 lewru juko. Ñalnde 9 sulyee, Ojukwu neldi koloñaal konu Biafra dow pont Niiseer ngam yiɗde heɓtude Mid-West, nokku ɗo ɓe mbaawi ummoraade Lagos. Obasanjo yiɗiino uddude laabi jahduɗi e wuro ngo. Komandaajo Yoruba biyeteeɗo Victor Banjo, ardinooɗo konu njanngu Biafran, etinooma waawnude Obasanjo yoo ɓe njaltu, kono o salii. == Kuugal konu lesdi: 1967-1970 == "Kolonel Olu Obasanjo, gardinooɗo diɗɗal tataɓal". Jaaynde Naajeeriya keso, hello 7, 12 lewru Yarkomaa 1970. Gagga hare nder leydi Naajeeriya e Biafra. Ndeen Obasanjo toɗɗaama hooreejo caggal diɗɗal ɗiɗaɓal Murtala Muhammed, gollotoongal to Mid-Ouest. Obasanjo woni ko e jooɗaade to Ibadan, ko kañum halfinaa Division ɗiɗaɓo oo jogaade kaɓirɗe. E nder wuro ngo, Obasanjo jannginii course ganndal konu to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Ibadan, o mahi jokkondiral makko e nder elite Yoruba. E nder wolde nde, wonno ko jiiɓru mawndu e nder Dowla Hirnaange, ngam daɗde e ɗeen caɗeele, Obasanjo woppi golle mum e nder Diiso doosɗe Hirnaange.Nde Obasanjo woɗɗi Ibadan e lewru noowammbar 1968, gure jogiiɗe kaɓirɗe ɗe fedde remooɓe Agbekoya moofti, njani e galle laamorɗo Ibadan. Konuuji ɗii njaabtii, mbari sappo e fitinaaji ɗii. Nde Obasanjo arti o yamiri yo ñaawirde ƴeewto kewuuji ɗii. == Yamiroore konu: 1967-1970 == "Kolonel Olu Obasanjo, gardinooɗo diɗɗal tataɓal". Jaaynde Naajeeriya keso, hello 7, 12 lewru Yarkomaa 1970. Gagga hare nder leydi Naajeeriya e Biafra. Ndeen Obasanjo toɗɗaama hooreejo caggal diɗɗal ɗiɗaɓal Murtala Muhammed, gollotoongal to Mid-Ouest. Obasanjo ina jooɗii to Ibadan, ko kañum halfinaa Division ɗiɗaɓo oo jogaade kaɓirɗe. E nder wuro ngo, Obasanjo jannginii course ganndal konu to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Ibadan, o mahi jokkondiral makko e nder elite Yoruba. E nder wolde nde, wonno ko jiiɓru mawndu e nder Dowla Hirnaange, ngam daɗde e ɗeen geɗe, Obasanjo woppi golle e nder Diiso doosɗe Dowla Hirnaange. Nde Obasanjo woɗɗi Ibadan e lewru noowammbar 1968, wuro ngo ina jogii balɗe, ngo fedde remooɓe Agbekoya moofti, yani e galle laamorɗo Ibadan. Konuuji ɗii njaabtii, mbari sappo e fitinaaji ɗii. Nde Obasanjo arti o yamiri yo ñaawirde ƴeewto kewuuji ɗii. Gowon felliti lomtaade Kolonel Benjamin Adekunle, ardinooɗo njanngu Biafra, kono ina haani Yoruba mawɗo goɗɗo. O suɓii ko Obasanjo, hay so tawii noon o alaa humpito hare. Obasanjo arii Port Harcourt ngam heɓtude golle ɗee ñalnde 16 mee 1969 ; o ardii hannde hakkunde 35 000 e 40 000 soldaat. O waɗii jonte jeegom gadane ɗee ko e riiwtude njangu Biafran e Aba. O yilliima kala nokku e yeeso, o gaañiiɗo e waɗde ɗum. Ɗee golle ngaddi mo innde cuusal e nder worɓe makko E lewru desaambar, Obasanjo fuɗɗii golle Finishing Touch, yamiri konu mum yo yahru yeeso feewde Umuahia, ngu ɓe ƴetti ñalnde Natal. Ɗum taƴii Biafra e feccere. Ñalnde 7 lewru Yarkomaa 1970, o ummini ndeen « Operation Tail-Wind », o heɓti laana ndiwoowa Uli ñalnde 12 lewru Yarkomaa. E oon sahaa, ardiiɓe Biafran njaɓi yoɓde. Ñalnde 13 lewru nduu, Obasanjo jokkondiri e komandaajo konu Biafran biyeteeɗo Philip Effiong. Obasanjo wi'i sooja'en Biafran hokka balmi maɓɓe, nden boo suɓol ardiiɓe lesdi ndi'i ɗon yaha Lagos, ɓe hokka Gowon dow laawol. Janngo mum, Obasanjo haali e rajo diiwaan oo, o wiyi ɓiɓɓe leydi ndi yo njokku e galleeji mum en, o dartina kisal mum en. Biafranaaɓe heewɓe e jaayɗe goɗɗe ina kuli wonde konu leydi Najeriya ina waawi waɗde bonanndeeji keewɗi e yimɓe foolɓe ɓee, hay so tawii noon Obasanjo ina yiɗi haɗde ɗum. O yamiri konu makko e nder diiwaan hee yo heddo e nder galleeji mum en, jokkude wonde polis nokku oo ina foti ƴettude kuule ngam ƴellitde sariya e deeƴre. Division tataɓo, ɓurɗo woɗɗude, waɗii hareeji warngooji e yimɓe nokku oo. Obasanjo ina tiiɗi e waɗooɓe bonannde ndee, sibu waɗɓe warngooji ɗii mberlaama, waɗɓe warngooji ɗii mbardaa. Laamu Gowon waɗi Obasanjo kalfinaaɗo naatnude Biafra e nder leydi Najeriya, e nder oon darnde o heɓi teddungal ngam teeŋtinde mawngu. Ko o injenieer, o teeŋtinii artirde jolngo ndiyam ; haa lewru mee 1970 gure mawɗe diiwaan oo fof njokkondirii e jolngo ndiyam. Darnde Obasanjo e timminde wolde nde waɗi mo jaambaaro wolde, kadi ko o neɗɗo ganndiraaɗo e nder leydi Najeriya. == Kuugal maako ɓaawo konu lesdi: 1970-1975 == E lewru suwee 1970, Obasanjo arti Abeokuta, jamaanu jaɓɓii mo no jaambaaro garoowo nii. Ndeen o neldaama to Lagos, o woni Brigadier gardinooɗo Korse Innjiniyankooɓe. E lewru oktoobar, Gowon hollitii wonde laamu militeer en ina rokka laamu nguu laamu siwil e hitaande 1976. E nder ɗuum, haɗde lanndaaji politik ina heddii e doole ; Gowon yahri yeeso seeɗa e sosde laamu siwil. E les laamu sooja'en, Obasanjo jooɗi nder goomu limngal sooja'en lesdi Naajeeriya, ko laarani limngal sooja'en lesdi Naajeeriya nder duuɓi 1970. E hitaande 1974 Obasanjo yahi to leydi Angalteer ngam janngude to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Royal College to bannge diine. Nde o arti, e lewru Yarkomaa 1975 Gowon toɗɗii mo Komisariyaa Golle e Koɗki, golle ɗe o joginoo fotde lebbi jeeɗiɗi, e nder ɗuum o ɓuri waawde mahde kaɓirɗe konu. E hitaande 1970, Obasanjo soodi sosiyatee Libannaajo ɓooyɗo to Ibadan, o gollini heen awokaa ngam ƴellitde ɗum. E hitaande 1973 o winnditii fedde wiyeteende Temperance Enterprises Limited, nde o waawi waɗde heen golle njulaagu caggal nde o woppi golle konu. O jokki kadi e waɗde heen jawdi ; e hitaande 1974 o joginoo galleeji ɗiɗi to Lagos e gooto fof to Ibadan e Abeokuta. Haalaaji ummii wonde Obasanjo ina jokki e waɗde njulaagu nguu ina ɓeydoo yaajde e nder leydi Najeriya, hay so tawii noon alaa ko holliti ɗum ko laaɓti. Dewgal makko e Oluremi wonti caɗeele nde o salii jokkondiral makko e rewɓe woɗɓe. E cakkital kitaale 1970 dewgal maɓɓe fusi. E hitaande 1976 o resi Stella Abebe e nder kewu aadaaji Yoruba. E nder laamu Murtala == Kuudetaa 1975 e caggal mum == Binndanɗe mawɗe: Kuudetaa laamu Nijeer e hitaande 1975 e Kawtal konu Nijeer (1966–1979) E lewru sulyee 1975, kuudetaa e gardagol Shehu Muusaa Yar’Adua e Yuusuf Garba liɓi Gowon, o dogi fayti Angalteer. Ɓe kaalaani Obasanjo e peeje maɓɓe nde tawnoo omo anndiraa wonde kuudetaa ko kuutorgal waylude laamu. Kuudetaaji ɗii njiɗnoo ko lomtinde laamu otokaraasi Gowon nguu e laamu tati (triumvirate) brigadieruuji tati ɗi Diiso Toowngo Konu ina waawi haɗde kuule mum en. Ngalɗoo laamu tati, ɓe cemmbini Seneraal Murtala Muhammed yo won hooreejo leydi, Obasanjo woni ɗiɗaɓo e gardagol mum, Danjuma woni tataɓo. Daartoowo biyeteeɗo John Iliffe teskiima wonde e nder triumvirate, Obasanjo ko « puccu gollordu e ngaandi » , ko kanko ɓuri yaawde hootde e laamu siwil. E nder heen, triumvirate oo naatni peeje ustude ngalu ngam haɗde inflation, sosi Biro toppitiiɗo ko fayti e golle bonɗe, lomtini guwerneeruuji militeer en ɗii fof ofiseeji kesi, ɓe cifotoo ko Obasanjo woni hooreejo konu, ɓe puɗɗii "Operation Deadwood" mo ɓe ndartini ofiseeji civil 11,000. == Mawɗo gollordu, suudu sarɗiiji: 1975–76 == E lewru oktoobar 1975, laamu nguu hollitii peeje ngam waɗde woote ɗe mbaɗata ngam laamu siwil e lewru oktoobar 1979. Ngu hollitii kadi peeje ngam sosde goomu ngam ƴettude doosgal leydi kesal, tawi ko Obasanjo ɓuri waawde suɓaade terɗe goomu nguu 49. E dow wasiyaaji Komiseer Irifeke, laamu nguu hollitii kadi sosde dowlaaji jeeɗiɗi kesi ; e dow tiiɗnaare Obasanjo, Abeokuta ina foti wonde laamorgo gooto e ɗeen dowlaaji kesi, hono Ogun. Kadi dow wasiyaaji komitiiru ndun, ɓe anndini anniyaaji seeɗa-seeɗa ngam wurtinki laamorgo lesdi Naajeeriya diga Lagos haa Abuja ɓurduɗum caka. E lewru Yarkomaa 1976, Obasanjo e Danjuma fof ƴettaa e jappeere Lietnaa-Seneraal. Murtala e Obasanjo fof ina ndartini darnde ngam haɗde koloñaal Oropnaaɓe jokkude e njiimaandi ɓaleeɓe tokosɓe e nder Afrik worgo, ɗum noon ko huunde nde ɓe cuɓii e politik maɓɓe caggal leydi. Ngolɗoo sabaabu ina ɓeydoo wontude ngoƴa Obasanjo. Caggal nde Angolaa heɓti jeytaare mum e juuɗe Portigaal, wolde ɓesngu addi e leydi hee. Naajeeriya anndi laabi laamu ngu MPLA, fedde marxist en nde Dental Sowiyet walli, sabu laamu luulndiingu FNLA e UNITA ina mballita e laamu ɓaleeɓe tokosɓe to Afrik worgo. Ko jiidaa e rokkude MPLA ballal kaalis, Niiseer fuɗɗiima ƴattaade leyɗeele Afrik goɗɗe ngam kadi jaɓde njuɓɓudi MPLA, e fuɗɗoode hitaande 1976 ko ɓuri heewde e dowlaaji e nder Fedde Ngootaagu Afrik (OAU) mbaɗii ɗum. E lewru feebariyee 1976, Obasanjo ardii delegaasiyoŋ Najeriya ngam mawninde hitaande MPLA to Luanda, ɗo o wiyi : « ko ñalngu maantiniingu, ko ɗum fuɗɗoode hare sakkitiinde ngam haɓaade koloñaal, imperiyaalisma e njiyaagu e nder Afrik ». == Warngo Murtala : 13 feebariyee 1976 == E lewru feebariyee 1976, kolonel Buka Suka Dimka waɗi kuudetaa e laamu Nijeer, tawi ko ndeen Seneraal Murtala Muhammed waraa. Eɓɓoore kadi waɗaama e nguurndam Obasanjo, kono neɗɗo mo fotaani waraa. Dimka ŋakkiraa ballal mawngal e nder militeer en, kuudetaa makko ronki, ɗum addani mo dogde. Obasanjo tawtoraaki wirwirnde Murtala to Kano, kono o hollitii laamu nguu ina jogori yoɓde mahngo juulirde e nokku ɗo o wirnaa ɗoo. Caggal nde o waraa, Obasanjo tawtoraama batu Diiso Toowngo Konu. O hollitii yiɗde makko woppude laamu, kono Diiso ngoo heɓiino ɗaɓɓude yo o lomto Murtala e gardagol leydi ndii. Ko ɗum waɗi o wonti hooreejo diiso ngoo.E nder kulhuli makko e ɓeydagol eɓɓooji e nguurndam makko, Obasanjo naati e nder kasoo Dodan, tawi 39 neɗɗo tuumaaɗo wonde e nder kuudetaa Dimka mbaraa, ɗum jibini tuumeede wonde jaabawol Obasanjo ngol ina heewi. Ko Obasanjo woni hooreejo leydi ndi, o huniima jokkude dawrugol Murtala. == Hooreejo leydi konu (1976-1979) == == Triumvirat konu == E anndude kulhuli gonɗi e woɗɗude yimɓe woyla Naajeeriya, Obasanjo addi Seneraal Shehu Yar'Adua ngam lomtaade mo e ɗiɗaɓo e gardagol hooreejo konu, gardiiɗo jaagorɗe toowɗo timminoowo triumvirate militeer en, Obasanjo woni hooreejo leydi e Seneraal Theophilus Stajumabli ngam laamaade dow tato we- laamu konu. Obasanjo hirjinii jeewte e nanondiral hakkunde Diiso Toowngo Konu. Heewɓe ina kaawaa hol ko waɗi Obasanjo – hono Yoruba e Kerecee – toɗɗaade Yar’Adua, tergal e aristokraasi worgo, yo won gardiiɗo ɗiɗaɓo mum, wonaa banndiiko Yoruba Kerecee. Obasanjo teeŋtinii kulhuli ngenndiiji e dow ɗi diiwanuuji ɗii ; o hirjini sukaaɓe e mawɓe fof nde njanngata fodoore ngenndiire hesere ndee e jimɗi ngenndiiji ɗii. Nafoore heɓde miijooji ɓurɗi yaajde, ñalnde aset kala omo waɗa seminar mo alaa ko woni e mum so wonaa toɓɓere nde yimɓe ɓe ngonaa politikaaji e gollotooɓe laamu noddata. Ina jeyaa e ɓe o ɗaɓɓirta wasiyaaji mum en, annduɓe lislaam e mawɓe aadaaji. == Politik faggudu == Obasanjo wondude e hooreejo leydi Amerik biyeteeɗo Jimmy Carter to galle laamorɗo Amerik e hitaande 1977 E cakkital kitaale 1970, leydi Naajeeriya ina joginoo faggudu ɓurndu heewde doole, tawi noon ko 34% e inflation. Ngam haɓugo bee caɗeele faggudu lesdi Naajeeriya, Obasanjo tokki dabareeji cemmbiɗinki ceede ngam ustugo ceede laamu. E nder bidsee makko 1976, Obasanjo eɓɓi ustude njoɓdi laamu nguu fotde feccere, ustude eɓɓaaɗe tedduɗe, tawa ina ɓeyda njoɓdi jaŋde, cellal, galleeji, e ndema. O sosi kadi goomu ngam haɓaade inflation, e nder hitaande wootere caggal nde Obasanjo heɓi laamu, inflation ustii haa 30%. Obasanjo ina heewi yiɗde ñamlude kaalis, kono e ballal Banke Adunayankeewo e Fonds Monétaire International, Nijeer ƴetti ñamlude miliyaaruuji 1 dolaar e fedde bankeeji. Ɓeen ñiŋooɓe leftist en mbiyi wonde waɗde ɗum ina addana leydi ndii ɗooftaade kapitaalisma. E nder duuɓi ɗiɗi garooji ɗii, laamu Obasanjo, Nijeer ƴettii 4 983 miliyoŋ dolaar goɗɗo. Naajeeriya ina wondi e ɓeydagol fotde 3% hitaande kala e nder kitaale 1970, huunde nde fotnoo ɓeydaade fotde laabi ɗiɗi e nder duuɓi 25 seeɗa. Obasanjo teskiima caggal ɗuum wonde o anndaa ɗum e oon sahaa, sibu laamu makko alaa politik e ƴellitde yimɓe. Ɓeydagol yimɓe leydi Naajeeriya addani ɓe ɓeydaade yaawde e nder gure mawɗe e ŋakkeende cuuɗi e nder gure. Ngam haɓaade ɗum, bidsee Obasanjo e hitaande 1976 hollitii peeje mahngo 200 000 galle keso haa hitaande 1980, hay so tawii noon ko 28 500 tan mahaa.E hitaande 1976, laamu Obasanjo kadi hollitii wonde ina jogori ƴellitde renndo e cogguuli. Ngam haɓaade jiiɓru seppooji gollotooɓe, e hitaande 1976 laamu Obasanjo yaltinii sariyaaji cifotooɗi ko ɓuri heewde e gollorɗe mawɗe ko sarwisaaji baɗɗi faayiida, haɗi seppooji e nder mum en, yamiri nanngugol ardiiɓe senndikaaji jiiɓru. E hitaande 1978 nde hawriti senndikaaji 42 e nder fedde wootere nde gollotooɓe e leydi Nijeer. Obasanjo jokki bee taskaramji tati mawɗi ngam ndiyam haa woyla lesdi Naajeeriya ɗi arannde anndinaama les Murtala: taskaramji maayo Kano, taskaramji Bakalori, e taskaramji ndiyam Chad Sud. Laamu makko kadi jokki eɓɓooji ƴellitaare ndema puɗɗanooɗi to Funtua, Gusau, e Gombe. Won eɓɓaaɗe ƴellitgol laddeeji kadi puɗɗaama ngam haɗde njiimaandi Saharaa to bannge worgo. Ngam heɓde ko ɓuri heewde e ɗaɓɓaande leydi ndii e kuuraa, Obasanjo ardiima udditgol eɓɓaaɗe ɗiɗi kese ngam ƴellitde kuuraa e nder ndiyam e ƴulɓe. Industry petrol heddii ko huunde mawnde e faggudu leydi Naajeeriya e les laamu Obasanjo, ministeer petrol hawtii e fedde petroŋ leydi Naajeeriya ngam sosde fedde petroŋ leydi Naajeeriya (NNPC). Obasanjo kadi wallitii sosde lowre liggorde to Bonny, nde NNPC yoɓi 62% ; eɓɓaande ndee ko lomto makko woppi ɗum e nder ɓeydagol coodguuli. Obasanjo jokki kadi e peewnugol njuɓɓudi njamndi mboɗeeri Ajaokuta, eɓɓaande ndonaandi nde heewɓe e ñiŋooɓe e nder sarwisaaji laamu mbiyata ko nde waawataa huutoreede. E nder cakkital kitaale 1970, Naajeeriya kadi ina wondi e ustaare ndema, ko ɗum huunde nde laamuuji jokkondirɗi ɗii njiyti ko ɓuri hoybude e naatde e nguura e nder leydi ndii. E lewru mee 1976, Obasanjo fuɗɗii « Operation Feed the Nation » (Operation Feed the Nation), woni eɓɓaande ngam wuurtinde ndema tokoosa, tawi ina jeyaa heen yoɓeede almudɓe ngam remde e nder balɗe juulde. Eɓɓaande ndee ina waɗi kadi momtugol njoɓɗeele e nguura jawdi e kaɓirɗe ndema, e ballal kuutoragol tovo ngo, e ustude njoɓɗeele ndema. E lewru marse 1978, Obasanjo yaltini kuulal kuutoragol leydi ndi rokki laamu nguu hakkeeji jeyi leydi e dow leydi ndii kala. Ɗum waɗiraa ko ngam haɗde njulaagu leydi e njulaagu leydi, kadi addani ɗum yetteede e bannge nano leydi Najeriya hay so tawii noon ko galleeji keewɗi jogiiɗi leydi njiɗaa ɗum. Obasanjo yiyri ɗum ko e geɗe teeŋtuɗe laamu mum. Obasanjo wallitorii reentaade Gowon ngam waɗde heen jawdi mum caggal leydi, o jokki e ɗeen politikaaji. Politik faggudu ngenndiyankaagal e nder sekteeruuji teeŋtuɗi ina usta njulaagu keeriiɗo, ɗum addani ɗum ustude njulaagu, hay so tawii noon daraniiɓe ɗum ɓee ina njetta Obasanjo ngam dartinde diisnondiral kaalis so renndinaama e ardiiɓe mum. == Politikuuji nder leydi == O (Obasanjo) jokki e ƴamol jaŋde leslesre winndereyankoore e nder leydi Najeriya, politik ronkaama e Gowon. O naatini sariya jaŋde leslesre e hitaande 1976 ; hakkunde 1975–76 e 1979–80, binnditagol e duɗe leslese ɗe njoɓaaka kono ɗe njiɗaa, ɓeydiima gila e miliyoŋaaji 6 haa 12,5 miliyoŋ, hay so tawii noon jannginooɓe e kaɓirɗe ina ŋakki ngam waawde huutoraade ɗaɓɓaande ndee. E hitaande jaŋde 1977–78, Obasanjo naatni jaŋde hakkundeere nde alaa ko yoɓetee e fannuuji karallaagal, huunde nde yaajnaa e denndaangal jaŋde hakkundeere e hitaande 1979–80. E oon sahaa gooto, leydi Naajeeriya ustii kaalis jaŋde toownde ; e hitaande 1978 nde woppi rokkude ñamaale almudɓe, nde ɓeydi fotde laabi tati njoɓdi nguura e hoɗorde duɗe jaaɓi haaɗtirde. Seppooji janngooɓe mbaɗi e nder gure keewɗe, waɗii warngooji baɗnooɗi e nder wuro Lagos e Zaria. E nder jaabawol fitinaaji ɗii, Obasanjo udditi duɗe jaaɓi-haaɗtirde keewɗe, haɗi golle politik e nder duɗe jaaɓi-haaɗtirde, haɗi kadi fedde janngooɓe leydi Najeriya. Tiiɗnaare ɗeen peeje ina gasa tawa ko sabu tuumeede wonde fitinaaji almudɓe ɗii ina njokkondiri e kuudetaa militeer peewnaaɗo e lewru feebariyee 1978. Obasanjo ina mettini e jikkuuji almudɓe seppooɓe ɓee, o wiyi wonde ɗum ina hollita ruttaade e nafooje aadaaji ko wayi no hormaade almudɓe. Ngam batte ɓamtaare laamu Naajeeriya, leydi ndi yi’i ɓamtaare mawnde nder kuuɗe laamu. Seedeeji peeñii ko feewti e fenaande mawnde e nder laamu leydi ndii, tee, so tawii tuume ɗee ina keewi waɗeede e Obasanjo e hoore mum, alaa seedeeji tiiɗɗi peeñi. Ngam haɗde natal njulaagu e nder laamu, laamu Obasanjo haɗii huutoraade otooji Mercedes ngam waɗde otooji laamu, e lomtaade ɗum en, ɓe mbaɗti heen otooji Peugeot 504 ɓurɗi hoybude Naatgol champagne kadi haɗaama. E ƴaañde taƴgol konu, laamu Obasanjo yiyri 12 000 soldaat ina ndartinaa e nder duuɓi 1976 e 1977. Ɗee konu njalti ko e nokkuuji kesi ngam wallitde ɗum en e jokkondirde e nguurndam siwil en. Obasanjo kadi ina tuuma wonde ko kañum woni sabaabu ƴaañgol politik. E nder yeewtere wootere maantiniinde, koɗorɗe jimoowo e daraniiɗo politik Najeriya biyeteeɗo Fela Kuti, Republique Kalakuta, yani, yani haa laaɓi, caggal nde tergal e fedde makko hawri e yimɓe konu. Fela e ɓesngu mum piyi, njuppaa, yumma mum mawɗo, daraniiɗo politik e yumma mum sosɗo Chief Funmilayo Ransome Kuti, werlaa e windo. Ɗum addani mo gaañiiɓe no feewi, haa arti noon e maayde makko. Fela caggal ɗuum nawti kees to galle hooreejo leydi ndii e oon sahaa to Dodan Barracks to Lagos ngam salaade ƴaañde laamu nguu e politik. == Politik caggal leydi == Hooreejo leydi Amerik biyeteeɗo Jimmy Carter ina wondi e Obasanjo e njillu mum to leydi Najeriya e hitaande 1978 Obasanjo ina yiɗi tabitinde leydi Najeriya no ardorde mawnde e nder Afrik nii, e nder laamu makko, doole mum e nder duunde nde ɓeydiima. O ummini dabare Gowon ngam waɗugo julde ɗiɗaɓre nder duuniyaaru ngam naalankaaku e pinal ɓaleeɓe e afriknaajo haa lesdi Naajeeriya; ɗum waɗi ko to Lagos e lewru feebariyee 1977, hay so tawii noon ñaawooɓe nder leydi ndii mbiyi ko ɗum huunde nde alaa ko nafata. Obasanjo hokkii ɗuuɗal teddungal dow Dental Faggudu lesɗe Afrik Hirnaange (ECOWAS) nden o mettini ɗuuɗɓe nder terɗe maako ɗemngal Farayse ɓaawo o wi'i, bana no Naajeeriya ɓuri wallugo ceede ngam hukuuma kan, Naajeeriya foti jaɓɓaago hukuumaaji pamari ɗin haa Lagos. Jokkondiral e Ganaa ɓadiiɗo kadi ustii ; e hitaande 1979, leydi Nijeer taƴii petroŋ e nder leydi ndii ngam salaade warngooji luulndiiɓe politik ɗi laamu kesu ngu Jerry Rawlings wari. E laamu Obasanjo, Naajeeriya ustii jokkondiral mum juutngal e leydi Angalteer, ɓeydi jokkondirde e leyɗeele dentuɗe Amerik. Obasanjo ina yiɗi laamu hooreejo leydi Amerik biyeteeɗo Jimmy Carter, cuɓaaɗo e hitaande 1976, sabu Carter ina joginoo darnde tiiɗnde ngam tabitinde laamu ɓurngu heewde e Afrik worgo. Ambasadeer Carter to leydi Nijeer, hono Andrew Young, waɗii sehilaagal tiiɗngal e Obasanjo, Carter yilliima leydi Nijeer e hitaande 1978. Kono tan, kuulal ngam waylude alkule ɗee waɗiraa ko ngam dalillaaji laaɓtuɗi, wonaa miijooji ; yiytude petroŋ e nder maayo worgo firti ko Angalteer wontii ƴaañoowo wonaa soodoowo petroŋ Nijeer.Laamu Obasanjo kadi ina mettini heen no feewi nde Angalteer salii yoɓde Gowon, ina sikka wonde laamu Angalteer ina waawi wonde e kuudetaa mo Murtala waɗi. Ngam ɗeeɗoo hujjaaji, e hitaande 1976 nde miijii dartinde jokkondiral dipolomaasi e Angalteer, kono haa jooni nde dartinaani. Obasanjo noon saliima yahde Angalteer, o semmbini ardiiɓe makko waɗde ɗum. Jokkondiral ngal ɓeydii bonde nde Margaret Thatcher wonti gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi Angalteer e hitaande 1979, o fuɗɗii waɗde feere ɓurnde welde e njuɓɓudi laamu ɓaleeɓe tokosɓe to Rodesi e Afrik worgo. E nder jaabawol ngol, Naajeeriya nanngi laanawol ndiyam lesdi Naajeeriya, ngol ɓe tammi ɗon nastina petrol Naajeeriya haa lesdi Naajeeriya, ɓe haɗi hukuumaaji pamari Biritaniya ngam heɓugo kuuɗe Naajeeriya, ɓe nastini kuuɗe BP haa lesdi Naajeeriya. Obasanjo ina yiɗi kadi yaawnaade joofnude laamu ɓaleeɓe tokosɓe e nder Afrik worgo ; e wiyde Iliffe, ɗum wonti « cakkital politik makko caggal leydi ». Naajeeriya hokki ballal ngam haɓugo bee laamu daneeji nder diiwal ngal, hokki hukuumaaji pamari ɗi'i uddita birooji haa Lagos, nden hokki hukuumaaji pamari ɗin ɗon hokka mooɓgal feere-feere dogguɓe laamuuji lesdi Afrika fombinaari. E ƴettude peeje tiiɗɗe ngam haɓaade laamu apartaayd to Afrik worgo, Obasanjo hollitii wonde Nijeer naatataa e Olimpiyaaji 1976 sabu leydi Nuwel Selannde, tawtoraaɗo kawgel ngel, ina joginoo jokkondiral e Afrik worgo, leydi ndi haɗaa tawtoreede kawgel ngel sabu apartaayd. E hitaande 1977, Obasanjo haɗi kala kontraaji jokkondirɗi e Afrik worgo golloraade e nder leydi Nijeer ; sosiyateeji mawɗi ɗi njippii ɗii ko petroŋ Angalteer e Banke Barclays. E ndeen hitaande kadi, leydi Nijeer yuɓɓinii batu Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe ngam haɓaade apartaayd to Lagos, Obasanjo yilliima Amerik e lewru oktoobar ɗo o wiyi leydi ndii yo woppu yeeyde kaɓirɗe to Afrik worgo. Nde o woni nder leydi ndi'i o wolwi haa kawtal hoore lesdi ndi'i nden asaweeje ɗiɗi ɓaawo man Naajeeriya heɓi jooɗorde nder kawtal lesdi ndi'i. Fiilde Margaret Thatcher e hitaande 1979 ngam wonde gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi Angalteer, addani jokkondiral Angalteer e Niiseer bonnude ; Obasanjo miijii ko o yurmeende no feewi e laamuuji daneeji tokoosi e nder Afrik worgo Luulndaade laamu ɓaleeɓe tokosɓe e nder leydi Rodesi, addaniino hare Bush e nder leydi Rodesi, laamu Obasanjo ina jokki e wiyde wonde ko hare balɗe tan woni feere ngam foolde laamu Rodesi. O hirjinii ngootaagu hakkunde pelle ceertuɗe luulndiiɗe laamu toon, o wiyi Robert Mugabe, hooreejo ZANU, yo jaɓ ardaade luulndiiɗo makko, hono Joshua Nkomo mo ZAPU. E hitaande 1977, Angalteer e Amerik ciifi eɓɓaaɗe ngam waylude laamu ɓurngu heewde e Rodesi, e nder yonta mo leydi ndii woni e les njiimaandi doole Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe. Obasanjo jaɓii eɓɓaande ndee, o yilliima Tansani, Sammbi, Mosammbik, e Republiik Demokaratik Konngo ngam wiyde laamuuji mum en yo mbaɗ noon. Kono caggal nde Thatcher wonti gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi Angalteer, leydi Nijeer woɗɗitii hoore mum e darnde Angalteer ngam haɗde wolde Bush Rhodesian, o woppitaa kala darnde teeŋtunde e nder golle ɗe Angalteer waɗi, ɗe ngaddani wooteeji demokaraasi ɗi leƴƴi keewɗi mbaɗi e hitaande... Ko o hooreejo leydi, Obasanjo tawtoraama batuuji OAU. E oon sahaa yuɓɓinaa e lewru sulyee 1977, o eɓɓi sosde goomu jooɗiiɗo ngam haɓaade luural hakkunde leyɗeele jeyaaɗe e OAU. E batu 1978, o jeertinii wonde banngeeji ɗiɗi ɗii fof ina poti naatde e wolde huuɓtodinnde. E nder batu garoowo oo, o wiyi yo konu Pan-Afriknaajo sose, baawɗo waɗde golle ngam hisnude jam e nder duunde he. Ngam ɓamtuki darnde lesdi Naajeeriya nder duuniyaaru, Obasanjo nasti nder kuuɗe feere-feere ɗe lesdi Naajeeriya nder Afrika fuu. E hitaande 1977, o heɓtinii Benin e Togo yoo ndartin luural hakkunde keeri mum en, nguddita keeri mum en. O etinooma kadi haɓaade luural hakkunde leyɗeele keewɗe Fuɗnaange Afrik, o haɗa ɗum kadi ruttaade e Dental Fuɗnaange Afrik, kono o dañii heen caɗeele. Ko o hooreejo goomu jokkondire OAU, o etinooma jokkondire Ogaden hakkunde Ecoppi e Somali kono kadi o dañaani. O waawaano kadi feewnude luural peeñngal hakkunde Angalteer e leydi Konngo. E innde OAU, Obasanjo waɗii batu to Kano ngam haɓaade hare hakkunde leyɗeele Caad. Feddeeji keewɗi njaɓii darnude wolde, sosde laamu ngootaagu ngenndi, e accude konu leydi Najeriya ina waɗa jam. Hare nden noon jokki, Naajeeriya jaabtii e taƴde petroŋ mum to Caad. Koolol ɗiɗmol ko faati e hare ndee waɗii to Lagos e lewru ut 1979, ɗum addani laamu nguu sosde laamu nguu, ngu juutaani. E hitaande sakkitiinde e laamu makko konu, o ardii golle OAU ngam safrude wolde Saharaa hirnaange. == Jaltugol laamu == Laamu militeer en hawri ko e goomu ƴettugol doosɗe leydi ngam ƴettude doosgal kesal potngal huutoreede e nder mbayliigu laamu siwil. Goomu nguu hollitii wonde Naajeeriya ina foti waylude laamu mum, ngu tuugii ko e laamu parlemaa leydi Angalteer, ngu tuugnii e laamu hooreejo leydi Amerik, ɗo hooreejo leydi gooto cuɓaaɗo woni hooreejo leydi e hooreejo laamu. Ngam haɗude oo hooreejo leydi wontude diktatoor, hono no waɗirnoo e nokkuuji goɗɗi e nder Afrik nii, o ɗaɓɓi ƴeewndorɗe keewɗe e doole maɓɓe, haa arti noon e njuɓɓudi fedde nde, ɗo juɓɓule cuɓaaɗe keertiiɗe ngoni ɗoo e to bannge fedde, to bannge dowri, to bannge nokkuuji. Eɓɓaande doosgal leydi ndii yaltinaa ko e lewru oktoobar 1976, nde yeewtidaa e yeeso yimɓe fof e hitaande aroore ndee.Asamblee doosgal leydi hawri ngam yeewtidde e eɓɓaande doosgal leydi ndii e lewru oktoobar 1977. Asaambele leydi ndii ina jokki e ƴeewde hol darnde nde sariya sharia rokkata e nder doosgal leydi ndii. Obasanjo noddii dental ngal, o jeertini ɓe batte kuulal ngal ɓe mbaɗi e renndo, o wiyi ɓe yo ɓe ƴettu jikkuuji ɓurɗi moƴƴude. E lewru suwee 1978, Diiso toowngo konu (Conseil suprême militaire) habri doosɗe leydi kese ɗee ; nde waɗiino waylooji keewɗi e mbaydi ndi asaambele doosgal leydi ndii ƴetti. Yanti e doosgal kesal ngal, Obasanjo itti haɗde lanndaaji politik. Ndeen pelle keewɗe mbaɗii ngam tawtoreede wooteeji garooji ɗii, ko ɓuri teeŋtude heen ko lannda ngootaagu Yoruba, lannda yimɓe Naajeeriya, e lannda ngenndiijo Naajeeriya. Obasanjo mettini heen no feewi nde tawnoo heewɓe e dawriyankooɓe ina mbaɗa fodoore nde ɓe mbaawataa ɗooftaade. Woote ɗee mbaɗi ko e nder lewru sulyee e lewru ut 1979. Wootooɓe ɓee ina pamɗi, ko hakkunde 30 e 40% e wootooɓe winnditiiɓe e sariya, tee ina waɗi fenaande banngeeji keewɗi, hay so tawii noon ko jam. Wonno ko jeewte ko fayti e hol keɓɗo woote hooreleydaagu, Obasanjo salii ñaawde, o wiyi yo Komisariyaa woote ƴetta oon darnde.Ɓe kollitii wonde Shehu Shagari woni keɓɗo, huunde nde gardiiɗo ɗiɗaɓo oo, hono Obafemi Awolowo, luulndii to Ñaawirde Toownde, tawi o dañaani heen nafoore. Shagari ƴetti laamu ko e lewru oktoobar 1979 ; e nder kewu udditgol makko, Obasanjo rokki Shagari koppi doosgal leydi kesal. Ko ɗum woni fuɗɗoode Republique ɗiɗaɓere leydi Najeriya. Darnde Obasanjo nder wartirki lesdi Naajeeriya haa laamu siwil, ɗum laatoto darnde woore nde o jogi nder duuɓi cappanɗe ɗiɗi garooji. Kono yimɓe heewɓe e nder leydi ndii e caggal leydi, ina jeyaa heen hooreejo leydi Zambie, hono Kenneth Kaunda e hooreejo leydi Togo, hono Gnassingbé Eyadéma, ina ɗaɓɓi e makko yo o heddo e laamu. Jaɓde makko wallitde Awolowo, banndiiko Yoruba, addani mo gaño ko heewi e elite Yoruba. Awolowo tuumi Obasanjo ko kanko woni orkestraaji Shagari, huunde nde Obasanjo yeddi no feewi. == Ko adii laamu (1979-1999) == Ko adii nde o yaltata laamu, e lewru abriil 1979, Obasanjo ƴetti hoore mum e darnde seneraal ; ko o seneraal koode nay o jokki e heɓde njoɓdi dowla. Nde o woppi golle e lewru oktoobar, o arti Abeokuta. Caggal nde o waɗi kursus jonte jeegom to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde heblo ndema, Obasanjo ƴetti hoore mum e ndema, omo ɗaminii waɗde yeru e hirjinde ƴellitaare ndema. O heɓi ko famɗi fof 230 ektaar leydi to Ota ngam sosde ngesa makko, o naati ɗoon e galle ngesa birik. Wonno ko gaññeeje nokkuyankooje e dañde leydi ndi haa heewi, ñaawirɗe keewɗe ngaddaama e makko sabu ɗuum. Golle makko ndema yuɓɓinaama e fedde makko wiyeteende Temperance, caggal ɗuum o inniri ɗum « Obasanjo’s Farms Limited ». O waɗti heen hakkille teeŋtuɗo e ndema colli ; e cakkital kitaale 1980, ngesa makko ina ɓuuɓna 140 000 cukalel e yontere. O sosi kadi gese e nder gure goɗɗe to bannge worgo-fuɗnaange, e hitaande 1987 gese makko ina njogii ko ina tolnoo e 400 gollotooɗo e nokkuuji jeetati. Hono no yimɓe Yoruba woɗɓe lolluɓe nii, Obasanjo ina wallitnoo almudɓe miskineeɓe to duɗal makko ɓooyngal to Abeokuta. Obasanjo ɓeydii ñiŋde laamu siwil Shagari, o wiyi hooreejo leydi ndii ina famɗi semmbe, ina ŋakkiraa peeje. Naajeeriya nasti nder ɓillaaji faggudu ngam waylaaki coggu petrol nder duuniyaaru. E lewru mee 1983, mawɓe konu ɗaɓɓiri Obasanjo nde ƴettata laamu leydi ndii kadi, kono o salii. E lewru desaambar, ɓe liɓi Shagari tawi Obasanjo alaa heen, e nder kuudetaa mo yiyaani fitinaaji seeɗa. Muhammadu Buhari laati hooreejo lesdi sooje'en keso. Obasanjo fuɗɗii wallugo laamu Buhari, o wi'i demokaraasi wakiili'en ɗon ƴaɓɓitoo haa lesdi Naajeeriya. O yetti Buhari ngam haɓugo bee cemmbiɗinki lesdi, o ɗon mari feccere nder nastirde lesdi, nden o ɗon wartira budget booɗɗum. E lewru ut 1985, Buhari kadi liɓaama, hooreejo konu Ibraahiima Babangida ƴetti laamu. Obasanjo ina ñiŋa won e peeje faggudu ɗe Babangida waɗi, haa arti noon e ustude njoɓdi naira. E hitaande 1992, luulndaare makko e laamu Babangida addani mo noddude yo leydi Najeriya artire demokaraasi. O fuɗɗii kadi salaade politikaaji faggudu (indigenisation) e kitaale 1970, o wiyi doosɗe leydi ina poti haɗde ƴettugol jawdi caggal leydi. E nder ɗuum, o sikki laamu nguu ina foti teeŋtinde ƴellitaare nde laamu nguu ardii. O ɓeydii hulɓinaade ko ɓeydagol yimɓe, toɓɓere nde o yejjitaani nde o woni e laamu, o wiyi Naajeeriyankooɓe yo njogo ɓesnguuji tokoosi "ngam nafoore faggudu maɓɓe e renndo-faggudu ngenndi". E nder duuɓi sappo e go’o caggal nde Obasanjo woppi laamu, o yaltinii defte nay. E hitaande 1980, Obasanjo wonnoo ko tedduɗo to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Ibadan, ɗo o winndi deftere wiyeteende My Command, daartol ko faati e geɗe makko e nder wolde hakkunde leyɗeele ; nde yalti ko e lewru noowammbar ndeen hitaande. Won e janngooɓe ñiŋii ko ɓe njiyri ko Obasanjo ina ŋakkira Murtala Muhammed, Robert Adeyinka Adebayo, mawɗo politik Yoruba, wiyi yo deftere ndee yaltine ngam haɗde nde aawde feccere. Ƴeewirde ɓurnde moƴƴude ndee waɗi ko sehil makko, hono Ken Saro-Wiwa, o innitiri ɗum masterly kono o sikki ko ɗum waɗi ballal rewindaade no feewi. E hitaande 1987, o yaltini Nzeogwu, deftere ciimtol sehil makko Chukwuma Nzeogwu, mo o gollodtonoo to Konngo. Hitaande 1989, deftere Obasanjo yaltini, wiyeteende Doosgal leydi ngam naatgol e ƴellitaare, nde o jeertini e hujjaaji Babangida ngam sosde laamu lanndaaji ɗiɗi e nder leydi Najeriya. E hitaande 1990, deftere makko tataɓere, wiyeteende Not my volonté yalti. Nde rokki ciimtol sahaa nde o laaminoo leydi ndii. == Golle hakkunde leyɗeele: 1979-1993 == E hitaande 1986 Obasanjo jokkondiri e Nelson Manndelaa. O hollitii wonde "ko kawral ngal meeɗaa yejjiteede. Mi yiyii e [Mandelaa] Afriknaajo worgo, ko Afriknaajo tigi rigi, kadi ko gardiiɗo winndere mo alaa ko woni e mum. O ɓuri ardiiɓe ɓe min kawri e mum en e nder Afrik worgo ɓee fof." E yiɗde jogaade semmbe e dingiral winnderewal, Obasanjo udditi Fedde Ardorde Afrik e nder ngesa mum Ota. Tuggi 1981 haa 1982, o jooɗiima kadi e Komiseer Palme, fedde nde gonnooɗo gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi Suwed, hono Olof Palme ardii, yeewtidnde ko fayti e ustude kaɓirɗe e kisal winndere. Obasanjo rewi heen ko e jeyeede e goomuuji nannduɗi e ɗii ɗoo, wonande Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe, Fedde Adunaare Cellal, e Goomu hakkunde-leyɗeewu ardiiɓe laamuuji ɓooyɗi. Nde Javier Pérez de Cuéllar, hooreejo Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe rafi, Obasanjo hiisetee ko potɗo lomtaade mo. Caggal nde Pérez de Cuéllar holliti woppii laamu, Obasanjo fuɗɗii kampaañ ngam lomtaade mo. E woote Goomu Kisal Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe, o woni tataɓo, tawi ko Boutros Boutros-Ghali, Ejiptnaajo, ƴetti darnde ndee. O yalti galle makko e njilluuji keewɗi; e hitaande 1986 o yilliima Japon, e hitaande 1987 o yilliima U.S. E nder luural hakkunde leyɗeele dentuɗe Amerik ngam yiɗde ɓurde yooɗde e Afrik worgo, nanondiraama wonde fedde wiyeteende Eminent Persons Group (EPG) ina sosee ngam fuɗɗoraade kaaldigal e laamu Afrik worgo ngam wallitde ɗum e ustude apartaayd. E dow wasiyaaji cukko hooreejo leydi Naajeeriya, hono Emeka Anyaoku, Obasanjo suɓaama ngam ardaade fedde nde e wonndude e gonnooɗo gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi Ostarali, hono Malcolm Fraser. Obasanjo jaɓi e dow fenaande. E lewru feebariyee 1986, kanko e Fraser ɓe njahi to wuro wiyeteengo Cape Town ɗo ɓe naamndii ngam hawritde e Nelson Manndelaa, daraniiɗo apartaayd, tergal mawngal e nder fedde wiyeteende Congres National Africaine (ANC) haɗaande. Ko Obasanjo tan yamiraa jokkondirde e Manndelaa ; o wiyi caggal ɗuum wonde omo weltii e makko no feewi. Ndeen Obasanjo hawrii e mawɓe ANC wonɓe e egguɓe to Lusaka. E lewru marse 1986, EPG oo fof yilliima Afrik worgo, e nder yonta mo jiiɓru e fitinaaji nder galleeji ɓeydii mawnude.Ko ɗoon ɓe kawri e mawɓe laamu nguu, ina jeyaa heen gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi ndii hono P. W. Botha, mo Obasanjo siftini caggal ɗuum wonde ko neɗɗo ɓurɗo muñde mo meeɗaa hawrude. Ciimtol EPG ngol hollitii wonde, so tawii ko ɓuri heewde e yimɓe Afrik worgo ina njiɗi nanondiral ngal alaa ko bonnata hakkunde laamu nguu e pelle luulndiiɗe apartaayd, gadano oo yiɗaa miijaade ɗum, tee alaa ko yahri yeeso no feewi ngam joofnude apartaayd. EPG noon hollitii wonde ina haani ɓeydaade tiiɗnaade e nder winndere ndee. Goomu Commonwealth jaɓii ko ciimtol ngol holliti, tawi Angalteer ina luulndii ɗum ; ɗum addani Obasanjo ɓeydaade mettinde Thatcher. Ndeen Commonwealth yamirii mo yo o ardo goomu ngam yuurnitaade ko Dowlaaji Dentuɗi ɗii poti daranaade koye mum en e njiimaandi Afrik worgo. Caggal nde Botha lomtinaa F. W. de Klerk, ooɗoo ɗiɗaɓo yaltini Manndelaa kasoo. Ina jeyaa e ɗanle Mandelaa gadane caggal leydi, to Niiseer, ɗo o yilli Obasanjo to galle mum. Lebbi ɗiɗi caggal ɗuum, Obasanjo ardii delegaasiyoŋ Najeriya to Afrik worgo ngam yeewtidde e yimɓe mawɓe politik. E lewru suwee 1991, o yilliima kadi, o wiyi hooreejo Zulu en, hono Mangosuthu Buthelezi, yo waɗ kaaldigal e pelle goɗɗe ngam wallitde dartinde apartaayd e waɗde woote timmuɗe. Obasanjo kadi golliima e ƴellitaare nokkuuji goɗɗi e nder Afrik. O yilliima Angalteer laabi ɗiɗi e nder hitaande 1988, o wallitii e darnde ngam joofnude wolde hakkunde leyɗeele toon. O yilliima kadi Sudaan laabi tati hakkunde 1987 e 1989, tawi o dañaani heen nafoore, o hirjinii kaaldigal ngam joofnude wolde ɗiɗmere Sudaan. Ndeen o wonii ƴeewoowo e wooteeji gardagol leydi Mosammbik e hitaande 1994. E hitaande 1994 e 1995, o yilliima Burundi, o golliima ngam deeƴnude caɗeele hakkunde leƴƴi Hutu en e Tutsi en. O fuɗɗinooma noddude jokkondiral ɓurngal ɓadaade e nder Afrik, o wiyi ɗum ina waawi heɓtineede e sosde feddeeji jeegom diiwaanuuji. E lewru suwee 1987, o ƴettiino peeje ngam yuɓɓinde Fedde Ardorde Afrik, nde wallitta rokkude karallaagal e heblo wonande politikaaji ummoriiɗi e duunde he kala. Nde fuɗɗii waɗde batuuji, anndiraaɗi « Dialogues de la maison de la ferme » , gila e galle Obasanjo fotde laabi jeegom e nder hitaande. Kadi nde waɗii batuuji winndereeji kala lewru, nde yaltinii jaaynde kala lewru, wiyeteende “Forum Afrique” hakkunde 1991 e 1993. == Haɓde e Abacha: 1992-1995 == Obasanjo hollitii kulhuli mum, sibu, hay so tawii o wiyi ina wallita gartugol demokaraasi, Babangida alaa ko anniyaaki so wonaa woppude laamu konu. Caggal nde wooteeji gardagol leydi ndi ndarnaa e hitaande 1992, Obasanjo e Anthony Enahoro ndarni fedde ngam demokaraasi e laamu moƴƴu e nder leydi Najeriya. Joɗnde adannde fedde ndee hawri ko e 31 neɗɗo politik nder leydi to Ota e lewru mee 1993. Wooteeji mbaɗi caggal ɗuum e lewru suwee 1993, tawi yimɓe seeɗa tawtoraama. Moshood Abiola mo lannda Social Democratic (SDP) heɓi, kono Babangida ndeen woppii njeñtudi woote ɗee, fodaniino woote ɗiɗmere ko ɓooyaani. SDP salii kala woote ɗiɗmere nde tawnoo ɓe mbiyi ko kanndidaa maɓɓe heɓiino woote gadane ɗee. Ndeen Babangida jaɓii woppude laamu ngam suɓaade laamu siwil jooɗiiɗo, ngu Ernest Shonekan ardii, ngu heɓi laamu e lewru ut 1993, ngu ƴetti peeje ngam waɗde wooteeji kesi e lewru feebariyee 1994. Seneraal Sani Abacha siftinii gooto e gorko gooto, mo wondude e do-gooders woɗɓe, eɓɓi ñaamde wumre ndee. Heddiiɓe ɓee mbayliima tan, oo Samariyanke nannduɗo e moƴƴo [...] arti ngam ƴettude pot suukara e juuɗe wumre ndee ngam hoore mum. Kadi, ko ɓuri heewde e men Nijeernaaɓe, ko en ƴeewooɓe, en mbeltiima. E nder kala sababuuji, ŋakkaani tawtoraaɓe e ñaamde ndee. Kadi ɓe ngoppaani batte moraal. == — Obasanjo, e dow kuudetaa Sani Abacha, hitaande 1994 == E oon sahaa, Sani Abacha tiiɗtinii doole mum e konu, e lewru noowammbar 1993, o felliti Shonekan yo woppu laamu, o acci hoore makko ƴettude laamu. Obasanjo noddiino Abacha ko adii kuudetaa oo, ina ñaagii ɗum nde woppataa ngalɗoo laawol. Caggal nde Abacha heɓti laamu, o wiyi Obasanjo yo jokkondir e makko. Ko sakkitii koo waɗii, kono salii wallitde laamu Abacha haa nde anndini ñalngu ngu yaltata e hoore mum. Ndeen Abacha momtii lanndaaji politik gonɗi ɗii e juɓɓule demokaraasiije, o noddi politikaaji ummoriiɗi e nokkuuji ceertuɗi yo naata e Diisnondiral makko Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe ; Obasanjo salii toɗɗaade hay gooto e ndeeɗoo diiso. Obasanjo fuɗɗi jeertinde wonde Naajeeriya ina yahra e wolde hakkunde leyɗeele woɗnde e nder feccere leƴƴi, e lewru mee 1994 kanko e Yar'Adua ɓe ndarni fedde wiyeteende National Unity Promoters, fedde daraniinde haɗde ndeeɗoo feere. E lewru Juko, Abiola anndini hoore mum hooreejo lesdi Naajeeriya, nden o nanngaama ngam janfa. Hay so tawii Obasanjo saliima jaɓde haala Abiola, o wasiyiima Abacha nde woppataa ɗum. Ndeen o ardiima fedde ardiiɓe aadaaji e batu ngu ɓe ndarni ngam fuɗɗoraade kaaldigal hakkunde Abacha e Abiola. Jaɓugo maako wallugo Abiola mettini Yoruba'en ɗuuɗɓe, jawdi Obasanjo haa lesdi Yoruba'en ɗon ƴama.Obasanjo mettini bee ko o yi'i bana jukkungo ngam o wallitaako nafuuda sectari'en Yoruba'en. E lewru marse 1995, Obasanjo ina wonnoo to leydi Danemark ngam tawtoreede batu Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe ngam ɓamtaare renndo to Kopenhag. Nde o woni ton, o nani Yar'Adua nanngaama, malla o heɓan bana non to o warti Naajeeriya. O wiyi noon o wiyi alaa ko o waɗi, o felliti hootde. Waɗi sahaa gooto to Aeroport Lagos, passport makko nanngaa, janngo mum, polis ƴetti mo e galle makko Ota. Polis tuumi Obasanjo ina jokkondiri e kuudetaa mo Abacha waɗi, mo kolonel Lawan Gwadabe yuɓɓini. Obasanjo nawtaama hakkunde nokkuuji deentorɗi ceertuɗi, tawi gonnooɗo hooreejo leydi Amerik hono Carter e hoore mum jokkondirii e Abacha ngam ɗaɓɓude yo Obasanjo woppe. Ndeen Obasanjo artiraama to Ota, o waɗtaa e kasoo fotde lebbi ɗiɗi, e nder ɗuum o haɗaama heɓde jaayɗe, telefoŋ, walla njilluuji. Goɗɗo e tuumaaɗo wonde ina jeyaa e kuudetaa oo, hono Kolonel RSB Bello-Fadile, awokaa konu, ina wondi e caɗeele, e nder ɗuum o siifondiri e bayyinaango wonde o yahiino to Ota ngam humpitaade Obasanjo ko fayti e kuudetaa oo no woniri e peewnugol. Ɗum huutoraama ngam seedeeji ngam ñaawde Obasanjo e suuɗde fenaande, ko ɗum huunde nde sariyaaji leydi Najeriya mbaɗi.Ndeen o nawaama to nokku naamne kisal leydi ndii to Ikoyi. Abacha wiyi yo Obasanjo ñaawe e yeeso ñaawirdu konu, ñaawirdu nduu waɗi ñalnde 19 suwee 1995. E nder ñaawoore ndee, Obasanjo yedditii wonde RSB Bello-Fadile meeɗaa hawrude e makko. RSB Bello-Fadile kadi hollitii wonde o siifondirii e bayyinaango ngo Obasanjo jogori waɗde e dow doole, kono ñaawirdu nduu saliima ndeeɗoo ruttaade. Ñalnde 14 sulyee, ñaawirde ndee ñaawi Obasanjo duuɓi 25 kasoo ; Yar'Adua e woɗɓe sappo e nayo kadi tuumaaɗo wonde e nder fedde nde, ñaawaama warngo.Obasanjo caggal ɗuum noddi ɗum "ñalngu mum ɓurngu mettude". Caggal nde hooreejo leydi Amerik biyeteeɗo Bill Clinton holliti wonde leydi mum ina jogori haɗde petroŋ leydi Naajeeriya so tawii ɗeen warngooji mbaɗii, Abacha wayli ñaawoore maɓɓe, o ustii ñaawoore Obasanjo haa duuɓi 15. == Kasoo: 1995-1998 == Obasanjo waɗi lebbi nay garooji ɗii ko e nokku biyeteeɗo Ikoyi Centre, ɗo o fuɗɗii nanngeede e nder kasoo gooto. Ndeen o nawaama to kasoo mawɗo Lagos, Kirikiri, ɗo o woni e opitaal kasoo ngam rafi hipertension e jabet. Sarɗiiji Kirikiri ina keewi, ina ŋakki, Obasanjo wiyi wonde « yiɗaa ɗum e gaño am ɓurɗo bonde ». Ko ɗoon RSB Bello-Fadile ñaagii Obasanjo yaafuya sabu mum ƴattaade ɗum, Obasanjo yaafni ɗum. Ndeen winndannde nde RSB Bello-Fadile winndi ngam humpitaade ngonka kaa, yaltinaama e kasoo, yaltinaa, wallitii hollirde wonde Obasanjo alaa ko o waɗi. Caggal jonte keewɗe, Obasanjo e woɗɓe tuumaaɓe waɗde fedde ndee, njaltinaama to kasoo Jos to diiwaan hakkundeejo, to diiwaan Plateau ɗo ɓe ngoni lebbi keewɗi. Obasanjo fuɗɗinoo hokkaama tan ko Biibal e Quraana ngam janngude, kono seeɗa-seeɗa o acci binndi ɓurɗi yaajde. Binndol kadi ina rokka mo, ina addana mo jokkondirde e yimɓe e juɓɓule ceertuɗe, haa jooni Stella ina jaɓa yillaade mo lewru kala laawol gootol. Mandelaa e Pape Jean Paul II fof noddii yo o woppe, tawi noon sosiyeteeji Inndo e Almaañ fof ina ndokki mo njeenaaje winndereeje.Forum ardorde Afrik yaltinii defte ɗiɗi ɓataakeeji e binndanɗe binndaaɗe ngam teddinde mo ; Forum oo e hoore mum dogiino ummoraade Accra to Ganaa ngam daɗde e tooñanngeeji laamu Abacha. E fuɗɗoode hitaande 1996, Obasanjo ummiima Jos, fayti e kasoo ɓurɗo woɗɗude to Yola, to diiwaan Adamawa. Ko ɗoon o jaɓaa remde gesa.[194] Obasanjo hollitii wonde e nder kasoo o ɓeydii luggiɗde e goonɗinal makko e Kerecee’en, o ɓadtii Alla,[194] o wonti Kerecee’en jibinaaɗo.[195] Gila ndeen, diine kerecee en ina joginoo darnde ɓurnde mawnude e nder yi’annde makko aduna. To Yola, o waajii 28 waaju yontere kala caggal nde jaagorɗe njilluuji ndartinaa e wakkati seeɗa. O winndi ɗeen waajuuji, o acci ɗi njaltina nde o yalti.[195] Obasanjo kadi etinooma moƴƴinde yoga e sukaaɓe kasoo, rewrude e yahrude yeeso maɓɓe nde o wonti neɗɗo dimo.[196] Obasanjo hulii wonde maa o tooke, haa teeŋti noon e nder haalaaji renndo wonde maayde Yar'adua ko tooke anniya.[197] Abacha sankii ɗoon e ɗoon e lewru suwee 1998, caggal ɗuum komanndaaji konu nguu toɗɗii Seneraal Major Abdulsalaami Abubakar lomto makko. Yontere caggal mum, Abubakar yamiri yo Obasanjo woppe, o neldi laana ndiwoowa ngam artirde mo to Ota.[197] E yiɗde wartirde leydi Naajeeriya e laamu siwil, Abubakar fusi lanndaaji e juɓɓule leydi ndi gonɗe heen ɗee, o anndini peeje ɗe ngaddanta hooreejo leydi siwil toɗɗaade e lewru mee 1999.[198] == Kampaañ ngam suɓaade hooreejo leydi : 1998-1999 == Jooni ko o neɗɗo dimo, Obasanjo yahiino Afrik worgo, Angalteer, e Amerik, ɗo o safraa.[199] Lanndaaji politik kesi ina mbaɗa e nder leydi Najeriya, gooto e ɓurɓe mawnude e majji ko lannda Demokaraasi Leƴƴi (PDP), fedde nde yiɗnoo ko yaajde no feewi, so tawii ko e laamu, nde haɗata kuudetaaji garooji.[199] Terɗe PDP mawɗe ndartinii Obasanjo ngam wonde kanndidaa hooreejo leydi. Ɓe cikkatnoo ko omo waawi yamirde teddungal winnderewal, kadi ko o neɗɗo militeer, omo waawi jogaade leydi ndii e dow kuudetaaji garooji e dille seertuɗe. Ɓe mbi'i kadi Naajeeriya ɗon mari haaje hooreejo lesdi fombina ngam foondugo ardungal maako arandewal haa woyla, nden Obasanjo holli hoore maako bana fombina mo walaa ƴamol dow fombina.[200] Sehilaaɓe e ɓesngu ina mbiya yo o dog, mbiyi o bonnat innde makko moƴƴere walla o wara. Obasanjo hollitii wonde o saliima, kono ñalnde 28 lewru nduu o naati e lannda PDP, yontere caggal ɗuum o hollitii wonde o woni ko e waɗde hoore makko ngam wonde kanndidaa hooreejo lannda ka.[201] E nder kampaañ makko, o teeŋtinii yiɗde makko artirde ko o sikki ko ndonu laamu moƴƴu nde o yalti e laamu e hitaande 1979.[202] E nder dingiral mooftugol kaalis, o dañii N356 miliyoŋ, heen N120 miliyoŋ ko njulaagu Aliko Dangote rokki ɗum. Ko ɓuri heewde e ɗeen dokke ummorii ko e worɓe militeer en e njuɓɓudi njulaagu kesiri.[202] O yilliima leydi ndii, o waɗii konnguɗi e ɗaɓɓude heɗtiiɓe e yimɓe teeŋtuɓe ; ƴamde guwerneeruuji dowlaaji ko huunde maantiniinde e mbaadi makko.[203] Kampaañ makko ina ɓuuɓna kampaañ makko mawɗo, hono Alex Ekwueme, mo yimɓe worgo e konu nguu ngoongɗinaani no feewi.[204] PDP ina heɓa leydi e nder leydi Najeriya, ina hollita wonde ko kañum woni lannda ɓurka waawde e nder wooteeji laamu nokkuuji ɗii e lewru Duujal 1998, e wooteeji diiwaanuuji ɗii e lewru Yarkomaa 1999, e wooteeji Senaa e suudu sarɗiiji e lewru Feebariyee 1999.[205] Ñalnde 14 feebariyee 1999, batu PDP noddaa ngam suɓaade kanndidaa mum to hooreejo leydi. Obasanjo heɓi 1 658 woote, Ekwueme heɓi 521, e kanndidaaji joy keddiiɗi ɗii 260.[206] E ɗaɓɓude neɗɗo worgo ngam wonde cukko hooreejo leydi PDP, Obasanjo suɓii Atiku Abubakar.[207] Woote hooreleydaagu mbaɗi ko ñalnde 27 feebariyee ; Ko Olu Falae mo APP tan woni luutndiiɗo Obasanjo. Fotde feccere e fotɓe suɓaade ɓee mbaɗii noon, won heen ko fenaande hay so tawii alaa ko bonnata. Taƴre laawɗunde ndee rokkii Obasanjo 63% e wooteeji ɗii ; ko kanko woni majjuɗo e nder dowlaaji jeegom ɗii fof e nder leydi makko Yoruba.[208] == Hooreejo leydi (1999-2007) == == Manndaa gadano (1999-2003) == == Siile hooreejo leydi Naajeeriya == Caggal nde o riiwti ɗum, Obasanjo naati e nder galle hooreejo leydi to Aso Rock e lewru mee 1999 caggal nde o hunni hooreejo leydi to Eagle Square to Abuja.[209] Nde o toɗɗii laamu maako kesu, o suɓi ministaajo ɗuuɗɗum diga woylaare lesdi Naajeeriya, koo ngam ko ɓuri ɗuuɗugo nder maɓɓe woni Kirista'en, ɗum mettini woɓɓe juulɓe woylaare lesdi Naajeeriya. Ɓeen ñiŋooɓe ina keewi sifaade wonde kabine Obasanjo ina ɓooyi no feewi, ina ŋakkiraa humpito, haa teeŋti noon so tawii ko e geɗe faggudu.[210] E nder laamu makko gadano, toɓɓe ndimaagu ɗe Naajeeriya’en keɓata ɓeydii; ndimaagu jaayndeeji ina addana hooreejo leydi ndi ñiŋde no feewi.[211] E nder lebbi gadani laamu makko, Obasanjo woppii fotde 200 ofisee militeer, tawi heen 93 fof ina njogii jappeere politik, ɗum noon ko kuudetaa mo ofiseeji keewɗi humpito mbaɗata ina famɗi.[209] O ummini kadi ministeer defansiyoŋ gila Lagos haa Abuja, ngam tabitinki ɗum waddaama les njiimaandi laamu ɓurndi laaɓtude.[209] == Manndaa ɗiɗaɓo (2003-2007) == Obasanjo suɓaama kadi e woote 2003 ɗe njuumtaani, tawi ina waɗi caɗeele leƴƴi e diineeji. Gaño makko mawɗo, gonnooɗo laamɗo konu Seneraal Muhammadu Buhari, ko juulɗo, o heɓi ballal makko ko ɓuri heewde ko e fuɗnaange. Obasanjo heɓi 61,8% e woote ɗe, o fooli Buhari ko ɓuri miliyoŋaaji 11 woote.[212] E lewru noowammbar 2003, Obasanjo ñiŋaama sabu kuulal mum rokkude asilo hooreejo leydi Liberiya, hono Charles Taylor.[213] Ñalnde 12 lewru juko hitaande 2006, o siifondiri nanondiral Greentree e hooreejo leydi Kameruun Paul Biya nanondiral ngal joofniri luural keeri hakkunde duunde Bakassi.[214] Hay so tawii Senaa leydi Najeriya ƴettii kuulal ngam wiyde wonde ittugol konu leydi Najeriya e nder duunde Bakassi ko huunde nde fotaani, Obasanjo rokki yamiroore nde jokkata no haanirta nii.[215] E manndaa makko ɗiɗaɓo, Obasanjo jokki e daranaade yaajnude doole polis leydi ndii, haa arti noon e 325 000 polis e hitaande 2007.[216] Fitinaaji laddeeji jokkuɗi hakkunde juulɓe e kerecee en e nder diiwaan Plateau addani Obasanjo bayyinde toon laamu nguu e lewru mee 2004, o dartini laamu diiwaan oo, o darni laamu konu lebbi jeegom.[217] Ñalnde 22 lewru nduu hitaande 2005, guwerneer diiwaan Abia e oon sahaa, hono Orji Uzor Kalu, rokki EFCC ɗaɓɓaande ngam tuumaade wonde Obasanjo waɗii golle bonɗe.[218] == Ajenda manndaa tataɓo == Obasanjo ina wondi e luural ko fayti e « Agenda mum tataɓo » , woni peeje ngam waylude doosgal leydi ndii mbele omo waawa jogaade manndaa tataɓo, duuɓi nay, e gardagol leydi ndii. Ɗum waɗii ƴamol nder jaayndeeji siyaasaaku nder Naajeeriya, nden boo kuugal ngal jaɓaaka nder Asamblee lesdi.[219][220] Ko ɗum waɗi Obasanjo woppi laamu caggal wooteeji gardagol leydi e lewru abriil 2007.[221] E nder yeewtere hesere nde o waɗdunoo e teleeji Channels, Obasanjo saliima jeyeede e ko wiyetee « Ajenda tataɓo ». O wi'i ɗum Asamblee lesdi Naajeeriya ɗon mari limngal limngal limngal limngal lesdi Naajeeriya. Obasanjo wiyi : "mi meeɗaa fiyde miijo manndaa tataɓo."[222] == Ajenda manndaa tataɓo == Obasanjo ina wondi e luural ko fayti e « Agenda mum tataɓo » , woni peeje ngam waylude doosgal leydi ndii mbele omo waawa jogaade manndaa tataɓo, duuɓi nay, e gardagol leydi ndii. Ɗum waɗii ƴamol nder jaayndeeji siyaasaaku nder Naajeeriya, nden boo kuugal ngal jaɓaaka nder Asamblee lesdi.[219][220] Ko ɗum waɗi Obasanjo woppi laamu caggal wooteeji gardagol leydi e lewru abriil 2007.[221] E nder yeewtere hesere nde o waɗdunoo e teleeji Channels, Obasanjo saliima jeyeede e ko wiyetee « Ajenda tataɓo ». O wi'i ɗum Asamblee lesdi Naajeeriya ɗon mari limngal limngal limngal limngal lesdi Naajeeriya. Obasanjo wiyi : "mi meeɗaa fiyde miijo manndaa tataɓo."[222] Obasanjo ñaawaama e juuɗe mawɓe politik e nder sagata Agenda manndaa tataɓo. Senator Ken Nnamani, hooreejo suudu joonde diidaaɗi lesdi Naajeeriya, wi'i Obasanjo anndini mo dow ajendaaji ɗin ɓaawo o laati hooreejo suudu joonde diidaaɗi lesdi Naajeeriya. O wiyi : "Ɗoon e ɗoon, ngon-mi hooreejo senaa, o haalani mi anniya makko, o haalani mi no o yiɗiri heɓde ɗum. Miin e fuɗɗoode mi ƴettataa mo no feewi haa kewuuji ɗii puɗɗii feeñde." O hollitii kadi wonde Miliyaaruuji jeetati (8) Naira njaltinaama ngam wallitde depiteeji ɗii ngam wallitde ajendaaji ɗii, o naamndii : « hol no neɗɗo waawirta haalde nii tawa o anndaa ɗum, tee kaalis, e kaalis leydi ndii e kaalis leydi ndii fof, ina wayla juuɗe ». Femi Gbajabiamila tabbitini haala Nnamani ammaa o waɗi limngal man feere-feere, o wi'i: "Kaalis man hawti bee miliyaaruuji N10. Hol no N10bn wurtinirtee nder ceede lesdi ngam eɓɓoore nde a woni hooreejo jooɗiiɗo, ammaa nden eɓɓoore laataaki miijo ma? Toy ceede man iwdi?" E nder haalaaji garooji ɗii, Nnamani wiyi wonde hooreejo leydi Amerik hono George W. Bush jeertinii Obasanjo nde woppataa peeje mum ngam tawtoreede woote gardagol leydi e manndaa tataɓo. O wiyi : "so aɗa yiɗi hoolkisaade wonde gorko oo ina haala fenaande tan, ƴettu deftere nde Condoleezza Rice, gonnooɗo jaagorgal leydi Amerik winndi. Ko goonga ko deftere nde Rice winndi. E hello 628 walla hello 638, o yeewtidii e Obasanjo, no o yiɗiri hawrude e hooreejo leydi Ameriknaajo oo, no o yiyri hooreejo leydi Ameriknaajo oo ina waawi waylude doosgal leydi ndii mbele omo waawa yahde e manndaa tataɓo, Bush wiyi mo yo o woppu ɗum, o yalta haa ñalnde 29 mee 2007."[223] == Politik faggudu, renndo e caggal leydi == == Politik faggudu == == Obasanjo e wondude e laamɗo leydi Iran e hitaande 1999 == E ngalu petrol, Obasanjo sosi Komitiiru Ƴellitaare Delta Niger, o huutorii Porogaraam Jaŋde leslesre winndereyankoore ngam ɓeydude jaŋde leslesre Naajeeriya. O sosi Komiseer keeriiɗo toppitiiɗo golle bonɗe e Komiseer toppitiiɗo bonanndeeji faggudu e kaalis. Wuurtinii Sosiyetee ngenndiijo njulaagu to Kaduna e (Onne) Port Harcourt. Obasanjo ɓeydi geɗal njoɓdi petroŋ e renndo to dowla iwdi mum gila e 3 haa 13 e nder teemedere.[224] Ko adii laamu Obasanjo, ɓeydagol PIB leydi Nijeer ina muusi no feewi gila 1987, tee ina jokki tan e 3% hakkunde 1999 e 2000. Kono, e laamu Obasanjo, ɓeydagol ngol ɓeydiima fotde laabi ɗiɗi haa 6% haa o woppi laamu, tawi noon ina walliti ɗum e feccere e ɓeydagol coggu petroŋ. Resooji leydi Naajeeriya ko ɓuri miliyaaruuji ɗiɗi dolaar e hitaande 1999 haa miliyaaruuji 43 dolaar nde ɓe njalti laamu e hitaande 2007.[225] O dañii yaafuya ñamaale e fedde Pari e Londres fotde 18 miliyaar dolaar, o yoɓi kadi 18 miliyaar dolaar goɗɗo ngam woppude ñamaale. Ko vuri heewde e ziin njovdiiji mooftaama e njovdi njulaagu juutndi e nder yontere nde. (Toɓɓere feewnitagol). Ko ɓuri heewde e ɗeen ñamaale mooftaama wonaa e fenaande kono ko e yontaaji 1982–85 nde Naajeeriya huutorii laamu toppitiingu mbayliigu nguu, ngu rokki denndaangal njulaagu nguu e banke mawɗo leydi Nijeer. Nde Obasanjo heɓi laamu, faggudu leydi Najeriya wonnoo ko e caɗeele. Inflation ina yahra e 30% e hitaande e nder kitaale 1990 fof, e hitaande 2001 fotde 20% e mawɓe leydi Najeriya ina ngala golle.[226] Baasal ina yaaji, laamu Obasanjo ina yiɗi ustude ɗum e yoɓde N3,500 lewru kala fotde 200,000 neɗɗo ngam waɗde golle gaadoraaɗe ko wayi no ɓuuɓnude e moƴƴinde laabi.[226] Ndeen eɓɓoore lomtinaama e Porogaraam ngenndiijo ngam haɓaade baasal, jowitiingal e ƴellitde golle sukaaɓe, e njuɓɓudi teeru, e reende.[226] E hitaande 2000, laamu Obasanjo ɓeydi njoɓdi ɓurndi famɗude ndi sariya yamiri ndii laabi ɗiɗi.[227] O noddi Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe (FMI) ngam ƴeewtaade faggudu leydi Najeriya e rokkude wasiyaaji no moƴƴiri ɗum;[228] ɓe njeertinii wonde laamu nguu ina heewi ñamlude.[227] E hitaande 2001, Obasanjo hollitii hoore mum "ko o goongɗinɗo njuɓɓudi luumo", o hollitii wonde o yiyii bonneede ko "njuɓɓudi bonndi e nder sekteer laamu" addani mo.[229] Kono, nde o holliti darnde makko e nanondiral Washington ngam luumooji rimɗi, e privatisation, e ŋakkeende ngalu laamu, ngalu laamu nguu e feccere PIB ɓeydiima gila e 29% e hitaande 1997 haa 50% e hitaande 2001.[229] E lewru Yarkomaa hitaande 2000, Naajeeriya heɓi nyamande miliyaaruuji 1 dolaar Amerik, ko ɗum addani laamu nguu naatde e kaaldigal ngam waylude ñamaale mum e ñamaale mum.[228] Laamu Obasanjo naftoriima coggu petroŋ toowngu e nder winndere ndee e manndaa mum gadano. Nde anniyii kadi ɓeydude petroŋ leydi Naajeeriya e ɓeydude keewal gaasuuji ɓuuɓɗi, ɗi puɗɗii yaltineede e leydi ndii e hitaande 1999.[230] Obasanjo fellitii momtude ballal petroŋ, ɓeyda coggu nguu haa yettoo tolno njulaagu. Kongres gollooɓe leydi Naajeeriya noddi seppo mawngo ngam seppude ngam salaade lewru Juko hitaande 2000 e Obasanjo sakkitii, o ustii ballal ngal, wonaa ittude ngal. Ngolɗoo ngonka addani Obasanjo hollirde wonde ko "gaño miskineeɓe" e miijo renndo.[231] Ngam ɓeydude ustude njoɓdi, Obasanjo wayliima e privatisation, o sosi Diiso ngenndiijo ko faati e privatisation e lewru sulyee 1999. Nde o heɓi laamu, laamu fedde nde ina joginoo 588 sosiyetee laamu, tawi ko ina tolnoo e 55% e ñamaale caggal leydi, Obasanjo ina yaakorii wonde ko heewi e ɗeen, hay so tawii noon ɗe mbaawaa wonde in2. Privatization yiɗaama e yimɓe leydi Najeriya, ko 35% tan ɓe keɓi ballal e wiyde wiɗto miijo hitaande 2000.[233] Obasanjo kadi ina yiɗi kaaldigal ngam ustude ñamaale.[234] O hollitii wonde ñamaale leydi Naajeeriya ina keewi no feewi, ina mbonna faggudu mum e demokaraasi mum. Hay so tawii Kanadaa, Itali e Amerik ndartinii ñamaale leydi Nijeer, ɗeen ñamaale ina pamɗi, ñamaale mawɗe leydi ndii, ɓurɗe mawnude heen ko Angalteer, njaɓaani.[235] Obasanjo ɗon tuuma caɗeele faggudu lesdi Naajeeriya ɗuuɗɗe dow fenaande;[236] nder hitaande 2000, fedde Transparency International limti ɗum lesdi ɓurdundi fenaande nder duniyaaru.[229] Balɗe seeɗa caggal nde o heɓi laamu o hollitii kuulal ngam haɓaade fenaande to Asaambele ngenndi, hay so tawii noon ɗum jibinii luulndaare mawnde e juuɗe ñaawooɓe cikkatnooɓe ko ɗum rokki laamu nguu doole ɓurɗe heewde. Nanondiral waɗii ngam ustude eɓɓooje Obasanjo, addani mo siynude sariya keso oo e lewru suwee 2000.[236] Alaa ko holliti wonde njulaagu ustiima e nder leydi Najeriya e nder manndaa Obasanjo gadano, laamu makko waɗaani hay huunde ngam ƴeewtaade njulaagu nguu e nder leydi Najeriya, ngu yaaji e nder laamuuji diiwaan e laamuuji nokkuuji.[229] Obasanjo ina wondi e hooreejo leydi Riisi Valadimir Putin to Kremlin e hitaande 2001 Cellal renndo kadi ko huunde tiiɗnde e nder leydi Nijeer. E nder kitaale 1990, Naajeeriya ina yoɓnoo fotde 0,2% e PIB mum ngam wallitde cellal renndo, ko ɗum woni ko ɓuri famɗude e winndere ndee. Laamu Obasanjo ɓeydi ɗum haa ko ɓuri 0,4%.[237] Caɗeele cellal ɓurɗe yaawde toɗɗaade leydi Najeriya ko ñawu VIH/SIDA, Obasanjo yamiri ɗoon e ɗoon ciimtol ngonka e dow toɓɓere ndee caggal nde o heɓi laamu.[237] Ndeen o sosi Goomu Hooreejo leydi ngam haɓaade SIDA, ngu o ardii, o sosi Goomu Pewnugol Golle Ngenndiije ngam yuɓɓinde kampaañ 2000–03, jowitiingo e bayyinaango, heblo, wasiyaaji, e jarribooji ngam haɓaade mboros o. Ngam yahduki yeeso ngam njamu jama'aare, o fuɗɗi kampaniire kesum ngam hurgugo ceede laamu lesdi Naajeeriya ngam etaade nyiɓugo suudu nyawndiigu nder kala nokkure 774 laamu lesdi Naajeeriya == Politik caggal leydi == Obasanjo e Donald Rumsfeld to Pentagon e hitaande 2001 Ina jeyaa e golle Obasanjo mawɗe, ɗe o heɓi heen, moƴƴitinde innde leydi Nijeer e nder winndere ndee, nde o bonni e laamu Abacha. O waɗii ko ina ɓura feccere e manndaa makko gadano caggal leydi, o yilliima leyɗeele 92 haa e lewru oktoobar 2002. E lewru oktoobar 1999, Obasanjo sosi Goomu (Commission Bi-National) hakkunde Afrik worgo e Niiseer ngam yeewtidde e gollondiral hakkunde leyɗeele ɗiɗi ɗee, ɓurɗe mawnude e Afrik worgo Saharaa. Obasanjo jokki jokkindiral Naajeeriya bee U.S., o waddi walliinde U.S. ngam wallugo janngirde sooje'en Naajeeriya. O jokkondirii no feewi e hooreejo leydi Amerik biyeteeɗo Bill Clinton, o jokkondiri kadi e lomto Clinton, hono George W. Bush ; Bush yilliima Abuja e hitaande 2003, Obasanjo yilliima Wasinton e hitaande 2006.[240] E jokkude jokkondiral ɓurngal welde e U.K. ko ɓuri ko o joginoo e kitaale 1970, o tawtoraama batu makko gadano Commonwealth e lewru Noowammbar 1999, o jaɓɓi ɗum e lewru Duujal 2003, ɗo o heɓi njeenaari teddungal e juuɗe laamɗo debbo Biritaan biyeteeɗo Elizabeth II.[240] Nde Obasanjo heɓi laamu, o huninooma ittude konu leydi Najeriya e leydi Siyeraa Leyoon. E lewru ut 1999, o hollitii limre ngam ɓe ngurtina, hay so tawii noon ɗum dartinaama nde konu jam ONU moofti, ngu Nijeer rokki ɗum 4000 soldaat. Ndee doole yalti ko e hitaande 2005.[241] E nder jiiɓru to leydi Liberia, Obasanjo yamiri konu leydi Nijeer yo naata leydi ndii e lewru ut 2003 ; ɓe njalti e komanndaaji ONU lebbi ɗiɗi caggal ɗuum.[240] Obasanjo hokki Charles Taylor, hooreejo lesdi Liberiya, mo laamu mum woppi, o hokka mo haa lesdi Naajeeriya, koo ngam ɓaawo man o warti mo haa lesdi Liberiya ngam o ɗon ƴama mo ngam warhoore konu dow ƴamol hooreejo lesdi Liberiya keso, Ellen Johnson Sirleaf.[242] E yiɗde haɗude Naajeeriya yaltude e hareeji nder leydi ɗi yimɓe njiɗaa, o salii ɗaɓɓaande konu Naajeeriya ngam tawtoreede naatgol ECOMOG e nder wolde hakkunde leyɗeele Gine-Bisaawo e golle jam 2002 to Kodduwaar. E ɗaɓɓaande Angalteer, o walli e nanondiral hakkunde laamu Zimbaabwee mo Robert Mugabe, ngam hirjinde laamu nguu e ƴettude gese ɗe ɓaleeɓe jeyi e dow fenaande. O wondi e hooreejo leydi Afrik worgo hono Thabo Mbeki e gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi Ostarali John Howard, o jeyaa ko e fedde nde Commonwealth halfinaa ngam haɓaade Zimbaabwee.[243] Obasanjo e Mbeki njilliima Zimbaabwee laabi tati ngam golloraade dipolomasi deeƴɗo, kono ɓe keɓaani heen nafoore, ɓe mbiya Mugabe yo woppu laamu walla sosde laamu renndinde laamu e luulndiiɓe Mouvement pour le changement démocratique.[239] == Haɓde e jiiɓru leƴƴi e diineeji == Bush ina yeewtida e Obasanjo e nder batu G8 to Farayse, lewru suwee 2003 Caggal nde Obasanjo suɓaa, nokku ɗo sariyaaji lislaam ngoni ɗoo, wonti jeewte mawɗe e nder politik leydi Najeriya. Gila leydi ndii heɓi jeytaare mum, sharia ina jokki e ñaawde siwil hakkunde juulɓe wonɓe e dowlaaji worgo ɗii ; ñaawooɓe bonanndeeji ɗii laawɗinaaka e sariyaaji sharia, huunde nde mettini won e juulɓe.[244] E lewru suwee 1999, guwerneer diiwaan Zamfara, hono Ahmed Sani, hollitii naatgol timmungol shari’a e nder oon diiwaan, hay so tawii noon o hollitii wonde ɗum jogori huutoreede tan ko e hoɗɓe e juulɓe, wonaa e yimɓe ɓe ngonaa lislaam en. Ɗuum waɗi kulhuli nder yimɓe Kirista'en pamari nder woyla lesdi Naajeeriya, bee seppooji e seppooji feere-feere ɗon ngadda fitinaaji, haa fahin haa Kaduna.[244] Across Nigeria, Christian opinion was very hostile to the introduction of sharia as the basis of state penal systems.[245] Suudu Asaambele ngenndi ndii fof ina ɗaɓɓi e Obasanjo nde nawtata haala kaa to Ñaawirde Toownde.[245] O yiɗiino woppude ɗum, o yiɗaa darnde shari’a wonta huunde doosgal.[246] E nder renndo o yiɗiino seerndude ko o inniri "sharia goonga" e "sharia politik", o yetti arano oo, o wiyi wonde ɗiɗaɓo oo ko fad mo fizzle out.[245] Nde o salii naatde heen, Obasanjo heɓi ñiŋooje sabu ŋakkeende cuusal e juuɗe yimɓe heewɓe to bannge worgo, juulɓe tiiɗɓe to bannge worgo ina ƴattoo mo.[246] E nder ɗaɓɓaande yimɓe heewɓe ummoraade e renndooji juulɓe, dowlaaji nay goɗɗi to bannge worgo ƴettii sariya kuuɓtodinɗo sharia e hitaande 2000 e jeeɗiɗi goɗɗi e hitaande 2001. Obasanjo caggal ɗuum hollitii wonde haala kaa ko caɗeele ɓurɗe mawnude ɗe o meeɗi dañde e wonde hooreejo leydi.[246] Nde Obasanjo heɓi laamu, o hulɓinii no feewi nde tawnoo leydi Najeriya ina wondi e caɗeele e fitinaaji keewɗi, tawi ko ujunnaaje ujunnaaje maayɓe. Ndee ɗoo bonannde ina ɓeydoo saɗtude sabu ɓeydagol yimɓe ina ɓeydoo yaawde, ɗum addani ɗum ɓeydagol nguleeki weeyo e pottital ngam heɓde leydi ŋakkundi e nder gure teeru.[216] Ngam haɓaade ɗum, Obasanjo ɓeydii polis leydi ndii fotde laabi ɗiɗi, gila e 120 000 haa 240 000 hakkunde 1999 e 2003.[216] Ko seeɗa waɗaa ngam haɓaade bonanndeeji polis, tawi noon torlaaji tuumaaɗo ina keddii e yaajde e laamu Obasanjo.[211] Kadi ko ɓeydi fitinaaji ɗii ko jokkere enɗam hakkunde leƴƴi, e pelle leƴƴi e diiwanuuji ceertuɗi ina ɗaɓɓi ndimaagu ɓurngu mawnude, ɗum addani yeewtooɓe heewɓe teskaade ƴaañgol leydi Naajeeriya. Wonande Obasanjo, jogaade leydi ngootiri wonti huunde mawnde.[247] Ko e sahaaji cuɓaaɗi tan o ruttotoo e konu ngam ustude jiiɓru, o ɓuri yiɗde ko waasde mooftude konu so wonaa tawa guwerneeruuji dowlaaji ɗii ina ɗaɓɓi ɗum.[248] E nder konngol makko, "en poti huutoraade doole konu tan so tawii ko heddii koo fof ronkii. Ko cfuum woni miijo am e filosof am."[249] O yi'i nafoore mawnde e yaafuya, e yaafuya, e nanondiral ngam he6de nanondiral, wonaa e 6amtaare ñaawoore warngooji bacfcfi.[250] E laamu Obasanjo, darnde fitinaaji e jiiɓru nder leydi Naajeeriya ustii.[249] == Olusẹgun Obasanjo e hooreejo leydi Beresiil Lula da Silva 2005 == Ko ɓuri heewde e miijooji ceertuɗi ko e diiwaan Delta Niiseer, ɗo pelle koɗdiiɗe ɗee njiɗnoo jogaade ko ɓuri heewde e ngalu keɓaaɗo e nokkuuji petroŋ keewɗi ngalu. E lewru sulyee 1999, Obasanjo neldi Asaambele ngenndi kuulal ngam sosde Komiseer ƴellitaare Delta Niiseer ngam siynude e huutoraade peeje ngam haɓaade diiwaan oo, huunde nde o sikki ina waawi ustude fitinaaji toon. E nder jeewte keewɗe, komisiyoŋ oo fuɗɗii ko e lewru Duujal 2000.[251] E lewru noowammbar 1999, o neldi kadi bataliyoŋaaji ɗiɗi konu e nder diiwaan Delta Niiseer ngam nanngude sukaaɓe Asawana, fedde Ijaw en nannguɓe e warde poliseeɓe to Odi, to diiwaan Bayelsa. Militeer en mbonni ko ɓuri heewde e wuro ngoo ; laamu ngu wi'i 43 mbaraama, ammaa ONG nokkuure nde'e waɗi limngal maayɓe siwil'en 2,483.[252] Obasanjo siftinii halkaare ndee wonde « ina waawi rewde » e « ina metti » , o yilliima Odi e lewru marse 2001 ; o salii ñaawde konu nguu, o ñaagii yaafuya ngam halkaare nde, o yoɓi njoɓdi walla o mahdi wuro ngoo, hay so tawii noon Komiseer ƴellitaare Delta Niiseer waɗii ɗum.[249] E hitaande 2000, Obasanjo haɗi fedde Oodua Peoples Congress (OPC), fedde ngenndiyankoore Yoruba en, nde wonnoo ko e fitinaaji e leƴƴi goɗɗi, o yamiri yo ardiiɓe mayre nannge.[253] E lewru suwee 2001, fitinaaji hakkunde Kerecee’en ɓiɓɓe leydi ndii e njulaagu juulɓe to bannge worgo e nder diiwaan Plateau, waɗii fotde 500 maayɗo hade konu nguu naatde heen, heɓtude laamu. Ndeen Obasanjo yilliima, wiyi yo ɓe nanondiral. E lewru Oktoobar 2001, seppooɓe juulɓe to Kano mbari fotde 200 Igbo ngam jaabaade ballal Nijeer e bommbooji Amerik mbaɗi e Afganistaan. Ndeen Obasanjo yilliima ngam ɗaɓɓude nanondiral kono hoɗɓe ɓee boomi ɗum.[246] E lewru oktoobar kadi, soldateeɓe neldaama ngam deeƴnude jiiɓru hakkunde renndooji Jukun e Tiv en e keeri hakkunde diiwanuuji Benue e Taraba ; ndeen militeer en Tiv nanngi ɓe mbari ɓe to Zaki-Biam. Obasanjo yamiri konu nguu yo naata, ɓe ndartini, ɓe mbari fotde 250 haa 300 gorko nokku oo. Obasanjo yilliima nokku oo e hitaande 2002, o ñaagii yaafuya sabu huutoraade doole no feewi.[249] n lewru Yarkomaa 2002, Obasanjo yamiri polis mobbooji ɗii yo ndartin Bakassi Boys, fedde vigilante gollotoonde ko ɓuri heewde e nder diiwanuuji Abia e Anambra, nde waɗi ko ina tolnoo e ujunnaaje ɗiɗi warngooji. O sikkiino waɗde ɗum ko adii ɗuum sabu ballal yimɓe ɓe fedde nde heɓi e haɓde e fedde bonnde, kono o nanii o waawii yahrude yeeso e maɓɓe caggal nde yimɓe maɓɓe ustii.[254] E oon lewru kadi, nokku ɗo balɗe 100 000 ngoni ɗoo, to kaɓirɗe Ijeka, saraaji Lagos, yani, ina waawi addande ɗum en fotde ujunnaaje ujunnaaje neɗɗo maayɗo. Obasanjo yilliima ɗoon e ɗoon.[249] Fitinaaji bonɗi kadi ina njokki e nder wuro Lagos, e lewru feebariyee 2002, konu neldaa e nder wuro ngo ngam artirde deeƴre. E lewru abriil 2002, Obasanjo hollitii sariya baawɗo haɗude leƴƴi so tawii ina cikka ina mbaawi wallitde fitinaaji, kono njuɓɓudi laamu leydi ndii salii ɗum, sibu ko ɗum huunde ɓurnde toowde e laamu hooreejo leydi.[253] Won e ardiiɓe laamu hono hooreejo suudu sarɗiiji e hooreejo suudu sarɗiiji ina ngondi e caɗeele e hooreejo leydi ndii, o haɓaama e jarribooji keewɗi ngam ustude laamu e nder suuduuji ɗiɗi ɗii kala.[255] Obasanjo dañii daɗde e laamu, o toɗɗaa. == Caggal hooreejo leydi (2007–hannde) == == Politik == == Obasanjo e Robeer Mugaabe e hitaande 2013 == O wonti hooreejo fedde PDP, omo joginoo doole e nominaasiyoŋaaji ngam heɓde jappeere laamu haa e politik e peeje. No gooto e dipolomaat en Hirnaange wiyri nii, "O anniyaaki jooɗaade e jooɗorde passenger rokka wasiyaaji e hesɗitinde nanngude taayaare so tawii Naajeeriya yaltii e laawol."[256] O woppi golle hooreejo fedde PDP e lewru abriil 2012.[257] Caggal ɗuum, o yalti e golle politik e PDP. E lewru marse 2008, Obasanjo "ina sikkaa" ko goomu parlemaa Nijeer ñaawii ɗum sabu rokkude ɗum kaayitaaji semmbe fotde miliyaaruuji 2,2 dolaar e nder laamu mum duuɓi jeetati, tawi alaa ko o waɗi so wonaa laawol. Ciimtol ngol ɗoo wiɗto meeɗaa jaɓeede e nder parlemaa leydi Najeriya fof sabu manipulaasiyoŋ e golle ɗee fof e ardorde goomu wiɗto laamu nguu. Wonaa e winndannde laawɗunde wootere, mawɗo Obasanjo ñaawaama.[258] E lewru mee 2014, Obasanjo winndi hooreejo leydi Goodluck Jonathan ngam ɗaɓɓude yo o waɗtu hakkille e innde laamu leydi Najeriya ngam yoɓde sukaaɓe rewɓe Chibok ɓe fedde Boko Haram joginoo.[259] Ñalnde 16 feebariyee 2015, o woppi lannda laamu nguu, o yamiri hooreejo diiwaan PDP yo ƴettu kaayitaaji makko e nder yeewtere jaaynde.[260] O anndiraa caggal mum ko navigateur lannda luulndo keso sosaa, hono APC.[261] Ñalnde 24 lewru Yarkomaa hitaande 2018, o winndi hooreejo leydi ndi, hono Muhammadu Buhari, o hollitii nokkuuji ɗi o ŋakkiraa, o wasiyii mo nde o woppataa laamu e hitaande 2019.[262] Haa hannde denndaangal ɓataakeeji makko feewde e hooreeɓe leydi ndii ina adii njillu maɓɓe.[263] Ñalnde 31 lewru Yarkoma hitaande 2018, o fuɗɗi diɗɗal siyaasaaku bi'eteengal "Kawtal ngam Diɗɗal Naajeeriya" (CNM) haa Abuja.[264] Ñalnde 10 lewru mbooy hitaande 2018, dillere ndee ƴetti lannda politik, hono Kongres Demokaratik Afrik (ADC).[265] Ñalnde 20 noowammbar 2018, Obasanjo hollitii e dow laabi gartugol mum[266] e lannda luulndo mawngo, hono lannda Demokaraasi Leƴƴi (PDP) e nder udditgol deftere wiyeteende My Transition Hours, nde gonnooɗo hooreejo leydi ndii, hono Goodluck Jonathan winndi. Ñalnde 22 lewru bowte hitaande 2022, Obasanjo hollitii wonde o woppii politik partiiji, caggal nde o jaɓɓi depiteeji ngenndiiji lannda Demokaraasi Leƴƴi [PDP] to hoɗorde makko to Ota, to diiwaan Ogun, to leydi Nijeer[267] == Dipolomasi == Obasanjo toɗɗaa ko nulaaɗo keeriiɗo to leydi Konngo, to leydi Konngo, ndi wolde yani e mum. O waɗi batuuji ceertuɗi e gardiiɗo leydi RDC Joseph Kabila e gardiiɗo luulndiiɓe laamu nguu hono Laurent Nkunda. E nder wooteeji Zimbaabwee e lewru sulyee 2013, Obasanjo ardii delegaasiyoŋ ƴeewooɓe wooteeji Dental Afrik.[268] E hitaande 2022, Obasanjo waɗii hakkunde kaaldigal jam hakkunde laamu Ecoppi e fedde wiyeteende Tigre e les njiimaandi Dental Afrik, haa arti noon e dartagol wolde Tigre ñalnde 2 noowammbar 2022.[269] E hitaande 2025, Obasanjo toɗɗaama yo won hakkundeejo e nder renndo Afrik fuɗnaange e renndo ƴellitaare Afrik worgo e nder leydi Konngo e nder kampaañ M23 (2022–hannde).[270] == Jaŋde ɓeydaande == E lewru desaambar 2017, Obasanjo ƴetti doktoraa mum. tesis e nder diine to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde leydi Najeriya. == Miijo politik == To bannge miijooji, Obasanjo ko ngenndiyanke Najeriya.[27] O ɗon mari haaje yidde lesdi Naajeeriya e nuɗɗinki dow Naajeeriya foti jogaago lesdi-leydi woore, naa ngam senndindirki dow laabi lenyol.[275] E hitaande 2001, o hollitii wonde faandaare makko juutnde ko "moƴƴinde kala sifaa ɓiyleydaagu so wonaa ɓiyleydaagu leydi Nijeer". O wi'i ɓustugo lesdi Naajeeriya dow laabi le'i, ɗum waddan laɓɓinki le'i e fitinaaji ɗi yi'aama wakkati hareeji Yugoslawi nder kitaale 1990.[275] Iliffe wi'i Obasanjo'en lesdi Naajeeriya ɗon mari bawɗe ngam o wurti diga yimɓe mawɓe Yoruba'en e wakkati maako nder konu, haa o huwi bee sooje'en diga lenyol feere-feere.[27] Demokaraasi ina waawi waasde jogaade ƴellitaare faggudu yaawnde walla ngalu kono ko ɗum, ko famɗi fof, mbaadi laamu ɓurndi moƴƴude haa jooni, ndi addanta ko ɓuri heewde e yimɓe tawtoreede no haanirta nii e nder peeje e geɗe jowitiiɗe e laamu mum en. Demokaraasi ko cuɓal ngal laamɓe ɓuri yiɗde... E nder ngonka leydi Naajeeriya, demokaraasi ko kañum tan woni koolaaɗo kuuɓal baawɗo hawrude e pelle leslese ceertuɗe e nder leñol jogiingol daɗndo ngootaagu, potal e darnde wootere e nder dumunna. == — Olusegun Obasanjo ko faati e demokaraasi, hitaande 1990[276] == Iliffe hollitii wonde teeŋtinde politik nanondiral ko "kuulal gonngal dow ngal" e nder nguurndam Obasanjo fof.[68] Nde o woni e laamu e kitaale 1970, Obasanjo hollitii ñiŋooje makko e "luulndaare juɓɓule" e laamu nguu.[109] E miijo makko, ɗum "ina luurdi no feewi e ko ɓuri heewde e pinal e golle politik Afrik."[161] E nder nokkuuji ɗo o luulndii laamu nguu, o miijii wonde lanndaaji luulndiiɗi ɗii ina poti waɗde heen geɗe moƴƴe,[161] e wonde politikaaji ɗii ina poti jokkude njiylawu nanondiral, wonaa waɗde luural ko juuti. O sikki wonde pottital politik ina jogii batte cemmbinɗe, ɗe nganndu-ɗaa ina teskaa e leydi ƴellitoori hono Nijeer, kadi deeƴre ina foti reeneede.[109] Obasanjo ɗon wolwa haa batu hitaande 2014, kawtal Banki Afriknaajo ngam ɓamtaare lesdi Kigali Nde o mettini e ko o yi’i ko ina wona ŋakkeende laamu demokaraasi wakilaagu e nder fuɗɗoode kitaale 1980, Obasanjo fuɗɗii hollirde ballal mum e dowla gooto e nder leydi Najeriya. O wiyi noon wonde ooɗoo dowla gooto ina foti wallitde yimɓe fof e nder laamu, teddinde jojjanɗe aadee, e reende ndimaagu haalde.[161] Caggal mum e kitaale 1980, o jeertinii eɓɓaande dowla lanndaaji ɗiɗi ɗi Babangida ƴettunoo, o miijii wonde so Babangida ina miijo lannda hakkunde-nano e hakkunde-nyaamo ina kaɓa hakkunde mum en, alaa e sago ɗum ƴellitoo haa wonta lannda gooto lomtotooɗo Kerecee’en fuɗnaange, lannda goɗɗo oo lomtotooɗo juulɓe fuɗnaange][16]. O wi'i haa nokkuure nden o wi'i walaa keerol dow limngal lanndaaji siyaasaaku ɗi mbaawata sosde, koo ngam o wi'i to ɗum waawataa waɗugo nden Naajeeriya laatoto lesdi lannda woore.[161] E nder njiimaandi Dental Sowiyet e fuɗɗoode kitaale 1990 e yah-ngartaa caggal ɗuum feewde e politik lanndaaji keewɗi e nder Afrik, Obasanjo kadi wonti balloowo lanndaaji keewɗi == Jaɓɓungal e ndonu == Statue Olusegun Obasanjo to Owerri, diiwaan Imo, leydi Najeriya. John Iliffe siftinii Obasanjo wonde "tergal ɓurngal teeŋtude e yonta ɗiɗaɓo ardiiɓe Afrik jeyaaɓe e leydi ndii, ɓe ndarni koye mum en ngam semmbinde dowlaaji mum en caggal koloñaal".[275] O sikki ko geɗe nay mawɗe ɗe Obasanjo waɗi e laamu mum : o jokki e jogaade heen geɗel gootel e nder leydi ndii, o jokki e jogaade doole e nder leydi ndii, o wallitorii sosde Dental Afrik, o ustii ñamaale leydi ndii caggal leydi.[248] E lewru desaambar 1999, tolno jaɓgol makko ina tolnoo e 84% ; e hitaande 2001 ko 72% ; e lewru suwee 2003 nde ustii haa 39%.[234] Obasanjo ina tuumanoo laabi keewɗi fenaande e nder nguurndam mum fof, hay so tawii noon kanko e hoore makko o wiyi wonde golle makko ko goonga.[229] Ɓeen ñiŋooɓe Obasanjo ina cikki wonde caggal nde o nanngaa e kasoo e kitaale 1990, o ɓeydii faamde wonde ko o neɗɗo masiŋ, o woppii neɗɗaagu makko, o ɓeydii kadi tiiɗnaade e goongɗinde wonde ko ɗum woni darnde makko nde Alla yamiri ngam laamaade leydi Najeriya.[299] Ɓeen ñiŋooɓe Obasanjo ina cikki wonde o bonnii laamu, haa teeŋti noon e manndaa makko ɗiɗaɓo, o wonti ko miijo jogaade laamu haa abada.[282] E nder manndaa makko gadano e nder laamu, o dañii heen gaññeeje e banndiraaɓe makko Yoruba en, ɓe cikkatnoo ko o fotnoo waɗde ko ɓuri ɗum ngam ɓamtude nafooje leñol makko e nder laamu.[300] Caggal nde o nanngaa, Obasanjo wiyi wonde ñiŋooje ina kuutoree tan ngam tabitinde « goonga e haala am » e hollirde ñiŋooje makko « bonɗe e nder aduna dogɗo e bonɗo ».[299] == Defte ɗe obasanjo winndi == Watch am Volume 1: Nguurndam arano e konu Watch am Volume 2: Geɗe politik e renndo Watch am Volume 3: Jooni e ndeen == Yamiroore am == == Nzeogwu == Daaba Wiyeteeɗo Neɗɗo Fajiri Keso Thabo Mbeki mo anndi Afrik E Gite Patriot Waɗde Afrik ina golla: Deftere janngirnde Waɗde nanondiral e jokkondiral Amerik e Afrik: yeewtere joyaɓere nde David M. Abshire rokki, ñalnde 15 lewru Duujal hitaande 1987 == Afrik e nder Yiyngo == Ɓataakeeji ngam waylude aduna: Gila e Pankhurst haa e Orwell Wonaa Yiɗde am Golle Demokaraasi : Rewindaade politik ngam nafoore Afrik == Watch am == Caɗeele Ardorde e nder Afrik Gaañanɗe wolde : Coodguuli ƴellitaare e nder Sudaan worgo Ardiiɓe ngam duwaawu moƴƴo Caɗeele peewnugol ndema e kisal nguura e nder Afrik Haɓde e caɗeele sukaaɓe Afrik e ŋakkeende nguura : darnde ndema Afrik e nder sosde golle Dust Suspended: Ciimtol nguurndam koloñaal, caggal leydi e nguurndam dipolomaasi 1953 haa 1986 Afrik e lewru marse: deftere ngam faggudu leydi ndii Suɓngooji Afrik teeŋtuɗi : Noddaango ngam ƴellitde laawol Pan-Afrik == Njeenaaje e teddungal == 1981–87, tergal, Goomu UNESCO ngam jam e nder hakkillaaji worɓe 1983–89 Tergal, Goomu keeriiɗo ngam ustude kaɓirɗe e kisal (Goomu Olaf Palme) 1983, tergal Goomu annduɓe OMS ko faati e batte kaɓirɗe nukliyeer 1986, hooreejo fedde yimɓe mawɓe Commonwealth ko faati e Afrik worgo 1986, tergal, Goomu Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe ko faati e Neɗɗo Toowɗo ko faati e jokkondiral hakkunde Ƴellitaare e Ƴellitaare 1987–93, gardiiɗo fedde winndereere ɓurnde moƴƴude, Wasinton D.C. 1988–89, Sosɗo e hooreejo, Fedde Ardorde Afrik e hooreejo, Yiilirde Ngenndiire, Fooyre Ardorde Afrik Inc. New York 1988 (mee), hooreejo, Heɗto Namibi, Fedde Adunaare Eklesiyaaji, Wasinton D.C 1988–99, Jaagorgal keeringal to Duɗal Adunawal Demal Toowngal, Ibadan 1989, tergal teddungal, Goomu toppitiingu njeenaari yimɓe Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe 1989, tergal, Fedde nde wonaa laamuyankoore ngam ƴellitaare kaalis wonande leyɗeele ƴellitiiɗe (Komisiyoŋ Schmidt) 1989 Tergal, Goomu Wagginoore, Parlemaa Golle Adunaaje 1989–99, hooreejo, Goomu Wagginooji, Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe (TI) 1990, tergal, Goomu Wagginoore, Duɗal Etikaaji Aduna Tergal, Yiilirde Ngenndiire, duɗal Afriknaajo Ameriknaajo 1991–93, Bayyinoowo, Fedde Afrik lewru kala 1991, tergal, Diiso yimɓe mawɓe, Reso kaaldigal hakkunde leyɗeele, Carter Center to Duɗal Jaaɓi-haaɗtirde Emory, Atlanta 1991, tergal, Diiso Wasiyaaji, Njeenaari Nguura Aduna, Des Moines, Iowa 1992, tergal, fedde toppitiinde ko fayti e kaalis Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe (Fondation Ford) 1993–95, tergal, Goomu Wasiyaaji Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe ko faati e Afrik 1994 – Yiylotooɗo laawɗuɗo wooteeji to Mosammbik e noddaango laamu Mosammbik 1994–99 Tergal, Goomu Wagginoore, Goomu Carnegies ngam haɗde hareeji maayɗi 1995–99, ko o gardiiɗo PNUD ngam ƴellitaare aadee Joom mum e mawɗo Promoter, Duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde karallaagal Bells, Ota.[22] == Ƴeew kadi == Defterdu hooreejo leydi Olusegun Obasanjo == Tuugnorgal == b6tg2q59fgt88hpl1kf075kjynnpp6t 175874 175870 2026-06-23T09:30:33Z Ilya Discuss 10103 #1Lib1Ref 175874 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Mawɗo Olusegun Matthew Okikiola''' Ogunboye Aremu Obasanjo GCFR (// C; Yoruba: Olúṣẹ́gun Ọbásanjọ́ [ōlúʃɛ́ɡũ̄ ɔ̄básã̄d͡ʒɔ́] R; jibinaa ko c. ndema, e gonnooɗo seneraal konu gonnooɗo hooreejo leydi Naajeeriya gila 1976 haa 1979, caggal ɗuum o woni hooreejo leydi ndii gila 1999 haa 2007. To bannge miijo, ko o ngenndiyanke Naajeeriya, o jeyaa ko e lannda Demokaraasi Leƴƴi (PDP) gila 1998 haa 2019.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://m.guardian.ng/art/obasanjos-story-aremu-set-to-hit-the-stage/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|title=Obasanjo's story, Aremu set to hit the stage|date=13 October 2019|access-date=30 October 2019|newspaper=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.un.org/webcast/ga/61/pdfs/nigeria-e.pdf|title=Statement by Obasanjo to the United Nations|access-date=23 April 2011}}</ref> Obasanjo jibinaa ko e wuro Ibogun-Olaogun, e nder galle remoowo, jeyaaɗo e leñol Owu, Obasanjo janngi ko ɓuri heewde e wuro wiyeteengo Abeokuta, to diiwaan Ogun. O naati konu leydi Naajeeriya, o janngi ko faati e inndeeji, o golliima to Konngo, Angalteer, e Inndo, o arti e darnde Major. E darorɗe kitaale 1960, o waɗii darnde mawnde e haɓaade seernaaɓe Biafra e nder wolde hakkunde leyɗeele Nijeer, o jaɓi dogde e hitaande 1970. E hitaande 1975, kuudetaa konu sosi junta e Obasanjo e nder laamu mum tati. Caggal nde hooreejo triumvirate, hono Murtala Muhammed, waraa e hitaande rewtunde ndee, Diiso toowngo konu toɗɗii Obasanjo hooreejo leydi ndii. Jokkude politik Murtala, Obasanjo ƴeewtindiima taƴgol bidsee e yaajnude jaŋde ekkolaaji ɗi ngalaa njoɓdi. Ɓesdugo hawtuki lesdi Naajeeriya bee lesdi Amerika, o teddini kadi ballal pelle luutndiiɗe laamu ɓaleeɓe pamari nder Afrika woylaare. Obasanjo ɗon mari haaje wartirgo demokaraasi, o ardi woote 1979, ɓaawo man o hokki laamu lesdi Naajeeriya haa hooreejo lesdi siwil keso, Shehu Shagari. Ndeen Obasanjo artii e golle mum to Ota, Ogun, ɗo o wonti demoowo, o yaltini defte nay, o tawtoraama eɓɓooji winndereeji ngam joofnude hareeji Afrik ceertuɗi.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Adegbite|first=Charles Segun|date=16 December 2017|title=At 80years, Obasanjo bags Ph.D in Theology|url=https://successfulpeoplemagazine.wordpress.com/2017/12/16/at-80years-obasanjo-bags-ph-d-in-theology/|access-date=27 June 2024|website=Successful People's World|language=en}}</ref> E hitaande 1993, Sani Abacha heɓti laamu e kuudetaa konu. Obasanjo ina ñiŋa laamu Abacha e peeñcu, e hitaande 1995 o nanngaa, o ñaawaa wonde o jeyaa ko e kuudetaa peewnaaɗo, hay so tawii o seppii wonde o alaa ella. Nde o woni e kasoo ndee, o wonti Kerecee’en jibinaaɗo, tawi ko providentialism ina tiiɗtini no feewi e yi’annde makko aduna caggal ɗuum. O woppitaama caggal maayde Abacha e hitaande 1998. Obasanjo naati e politik wooteeji, o wonti kanndidaa PDP e wooteeji hooreleydaagu 1999, ɗi o dañi. Ko o hooreejo leydi, o woppi politik militeer en, kamɓe ɗiɗo fof ɓe njaajni polis, ɓe moofti konu ngam haɓaade fitinaaji leƴƴi, diineeji, e seernaaɓe jaajɗi. O itti sooje'en lesdi Naajeeriya diga lesdi Siyeraa Leone, o hokki hukuumaaji pamari feere-feere ngam ustugo ceede lesdi ndi'i. O artiraa e woote 2003. E nder miijooji Pan-Afrik, o woniino daraniiɗo no feewi sosde Dental Afrik, o woniino hooreejo mayre tuggi 2004 haa 2006. Eɓɓooje Obasanjo ngam waylude doosɗe leydi ngam ittude keeri manndaa hooreejo leydi, ɗe njahraani no haanirta nii, ɗe ngaddani ɗum ñiŋooje. Caggal nde o woppi golle, o heɓi doktoraa makko e ganndal diine to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde National Open to leydi Najeriya. == Nguurndam gadano == Baaba Olusegun Obasanjo, Obasanjo Bankole, jeyaa ko e ardiiɓe hoɗɓe e sosɓe wuro Igbogun Olaogun e fuɗɗoode kitaale 1920. Hay so tawii ko o demoowo keewɗo jawdi, o jom jawdi en, omo hiisee wonde miskiino sabu o jeyaaka e yimɓe jannguɓe e nder leydi Yoruba. Bankole hawri e Bernice Ashabi, njulaagu tokooso to Igbogun, kamɓe ɗiɗo fof ɓe resndi. Ɓeeɗoo ɗiɗo ina njogii ɓiɓɓe ɗiɗo heddiiɓe e nder jeegom : Olusegun e Adunni Oluwola, miñiiko debbo gooto. E wiyde paaspoor makko, Olusegun Obasanjo jibinaa ko ñalnde 5 marse 1937 hay so tawii noon alaa ko winndaa e mum hannde, ñalngu nguu ko limto ɓadiiɗo. Olusegun ko jeyaaɗo e Laamu Owu. O mawni ko e Baptiste. Debbo makko caggal mum naati lislaam ngam resde gorko juulɗo.[9] E duuɓi sappo e go'o, o naati duɗal leslesal wuro ngo,[10] caggal duuɓi tati, e hitaande 1951, o naati duɗal Baptist Day to nokku Owu to Abeokuta.[11] E hitaande 1952 o arti e duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde sukaaɓe Baptist,[12] kadi e nder wuro ngo. Feccere e njoɓdi duɗal makko ko dokke laamu.[13] Obasanjo waɗii ko moƴƴi e jaŋde,[14] e nder duɗal o wonti Boy Scout keewɗo faayiida.[15] Hay so tawii alaa ko holliti wonde e oon sahaa o tawtoraama kala pelle politik,[15] ko e nder duɗal hakkundeewal Obasanjo salii innde makko adannde "Matthew" ngam wonde golle luulndiiɗe koloñaal.[16] E nder ɗuum, baaba Obasanjo woppi debbo mum e sukaaɓe mum ɗiɗo.[17] Nde o yani e baasal, yumma Obasanjo ina foti golloraade njulaagu ngam wuurde.[15] Ngam yoɓugo ceede janngirde maako, Obasanjo ɗon huuwa haa gese kakawo e kola, ɗon ligga, ɗon mooɓa leɗɗe, ɗon sooda ceene mahooɓe. E nder balɗe udditgol duɗal ngal kadi o golliima e duɗal ngal, omo taƴa huɗo e golle juuɗe goɗɗe.[18] E hitaande 1956, Obasanjo waɗi jaŋde mum hakkundeere, caggal nde o ñamli kaalis ngam yoɓde njoɓdi naatgol.[19] E oon hitaande kadi, o fuɗɗii jokkondirde e Oluremi Akinlawon, ɓiy Owu mawɗo station. Ɓe ndarniino dewgal haa hitaande 1958.[20] O yalti duɗal, o fayi Ibadan, o ƴetti golle jannginde. Ko ɗoon o jooɗii e ekzamen naatgol to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Ibadan, kono hay so o jaɓii o tawi o waawaa yoɓde njoɓdi jaŋde.[19] Ndeen Obasanjo fellitii jokkude golle mum e nder konu leydi Najeriya, ngam heɓde ngal gollal, e hitaande 1958 o jaabiima eɓɓoore ngam janngude ofiseeji cadet e nder konu leydi Najeriya.[21][22] == Fuɗɗoode golle konu (1958-1966) == == Heblo konu: 1958-1959 == E lewru marse 1958, Obasanjo naati e konu leydi Najeriya.[23] O yi’i ɗum ko fartaŋŋe jokkude jaŋde makko tawa omo heɓa njoɓdi;[24] o humpitaaki ɗoon e ɗoon ɓesngu makko, o hulii wonde jibnaaɓe makko ina njaɓa ɗum.[25] Ko e oon sahaa konu leydi Najeriya ina jokki e juuɗe laamu koloñaal leydi Najeriya, ngam heblude ndimaagu leydi Najeriya timmungu, kadi ina waɗi eɓɓooje ngam heɓde yimɓe leydi Najeriya ɓurɓe heewde e nder darnde konu mum.[25] Ndeen o neldaama to duɗal jaŋde ofiseeji jooɗɗi to Teshie to leydi Gana.[23] Nde o woni caggal leydi, o neldi ɓataakeeji e dokke to jom suudu makko to leydi Najeriya.[20] E lewru suwee 1958, o suɓaa ngam ɓeydaade heblo lebbi jeegom to duɗal Mons Officer Cadet to Aldershot, to fuɗnaange Angalteer. Obasanjo yiɗaa ɗum toon, o sikkatnoo ko ɗum juɓɓule njiyaagu e njiyaagu, o tawi ina saɗi ko jokkondiri e dumunna Engele ɓurɗo toowde e ɓuuɓde.[26] Nde semmbini miijooji makko bonɗi e laamu Biritaan e hakke mum laamaade e dow laamuuji mum koloñaal en.[24] To Mons, o heɓi komisoŋ e seedantaagal to bannge innde. Nde Obasanjo woni to leydi Angalteer, yumma mum maayi. Baaba makko ndeen maayi ko hitaande caggal ɗuum.[27] E hitaande 1959, Obasanjo arti Nijeer. Ko ɗoon o artiraa to Kaduna, o woni subaltern infanterie e bataliyoŋ joyaɓo.[27] Wakkati maako haa Kaduna woni wakkati arandejum nde Obasanjo jooɗi haa nokkure nde juulɓe ɗuuɗi.[27] Ko nde o woni toon, e lewru Oktoobar 1960, leydi Nijeer wonti leydi ndimaagu.[28][22] == Kiiriis Konngo: 1960-1961 == == Ƴeew kadi: Kiriis Konngo == Caggal ɗuum seeɗa, bataliyoŋ joyaɓo neldaa to Konngo ngam jeyeede e konu Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe ngam haɓaade jam. Ko ɗoon bataliyoŋ oo woni e nder diiwaan Kivu, tawi ko ɗoon woni Bukavu.[28] To leydi Konngo, Obasanjo e woɗɓe ina njoginoo darnde reende siwil en, haa arti noon e leñol Belsik, e soldateeɓe murtuɓe e laamu Patrice Lumumba.[28] E lewru feebariyee 1961, Obasanjo nanngaa e juuɗe murtuɓe nde o ummotoo e misiyoŋaaji katolik en e nder dingiral sara Bukavu. Mutinooɓe ɓee miijinoo ko warde mo kono ɓe njamiraama yo ɓe njaltu. E lewru mee 1961, bataliyoŋ joyaɓo ummii Konngo, arti Najeriya.[28] E nder wolde nde, o toɗɗaama kapiteen wakkati.[24] O teskiima caggal ɗuum wonde sahaa mo o woni e Konngo oo ina semmbina "fervour pan-africain" bataliyoŋ makko.[28] == Gartugol e leydi Konngo: 1961-1966 == Nde o arti, Obasanjo soodi oto makko gadano, o naati e opitaal ko juuti sabu rafi reedu. Nde o selli, o artiraa e Korse Innjiniyaaruuji konu. E hitaande 1962 o jooɗii to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Royal College to Angalteer. Ko ɗoon o ɓuri waawde, o siforaa ko "almuudo Commonwealth ɓurɗo waawde". Oon hitaande, o yoɓi Akinlawon ngam yahde Londres ɗo o waawi naatde e kursus heblo. Ɓeeɗoo ɗiɗo resndi ɗum ko e lewru suwee 1963 to biro binnditagol Camberwell Green, ɓe nganndini ɓesnguuji maɓɓe tan caggal nde ɓe mbaɗi hiirde ndee.E ndeen hitaande, Obasanjo yamiraama yo o hoot to leydi Nijeer, hay so tawii debbo makko ina heddii to Londres duuɓi tati goɗɗi ngam timminde jaŋde makko. Nde o naati Naajeeriya, Obasanjo hoosi ardungal konu Innjiniyaaruuji ladde, jooɗiiɗum haa Kaduna. E nder konu, Obasanjo ina jokki e yahrude yeeso e nder darɗe, o wonti mawɗo e hitaande 1965. O huutoriima ngalu makko ngam soodde leydi, e fuɗɗoode kitaale 1960 o heɓi jawdi to Ibadan, Kaduna, e Lagos. E hitaande 1965, Obasanjo neldaa leydi Inndo. E nder laawol, o yilliima debbo makko to Londres. To leydi Indiya, o janngi to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde toppitiingal ko fayti e cellal to Wellington, caggal ɗuum to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Innjiniyaaruuji to Poona. Obasanjo hulɓinii e heege nde o seedtii e nder leydi Indiya hay so tawii o ƴettii nafoore e pinal leydi ndii, huunde nde addani mo janngude defte diineeji nannditooji. == Hare nder leydi Naajeeriya == == Winndannde mawnde: Hare nder leydi Najeriya == == Golle makko ko adii wolde hakkunde leyɗeele: 1966-1967 == Obasanjo ummi Naajeeriya nder lewru January hitaande 1966 ngam heɓugo lesdi ndi'i nder kuudetaa konu ngu Major Emmanuel Ifeajuna ardii. Obasanjo ina jeyaa e jeertinɓe wonde ngonka kaa ina waawi jippaade e wolde nder leydi.O hollitii wonde maa o won hakkunde ƴaañooɓe kuudetaa e laamu siwil, ngu rokki laamu nguu e juuɗe hooreejo konu Johnson Aguiyi-Ironsi. Nde kuudetaa oo ronki, Olusegun hawri e Ironsi to Lagos. Ironsi ɓooyaani ko timmini fedde nde e nder leydi Najeriya rewrude e yamiroore mum kawral e lewru mee 1966, huunde nde ɓuuɓni jiiɓru leƴƴi. E darorɗe lewru sulyee, kuudetaa ɗiɗmo waɗi. To wuro Ibadan, sooja'en iwdi woyla lesdi Naajeeriya ɗon ƴama, ɓe mbari Ironsi, ɓe mbari fodde teemeɗɗe ɗiɗi sooje'en ko ɓuri ɗuuɗugo ɓe iwdi lesdi Naajeeriya. Seneraal Yaakubu Gowon heɓti laamu. Nde ooɗoo kuudetaa waɗata nde Obasanjo wonnoo ko to Maiduguri. Nande ɗum, o yaawi hootde Kaduna. Ko ɗoon o tawi konu worgo ummoriiɗo e bataliyoŋ tataɓo ina ronka, ina torloo, ina wara soldateeɓe Igbo en. Gomnaajo lesdi Naajeeriya, Hassan Katsina, annditi dow koo ngam Olusegun naa Igbo, bana no o woni mo woylaare lesdi Naajeeriya, o ɗon nder ɓilla haa sooja'en murtuɓe. Ngam reenaade ɓe, Katsina neldi Olusegun e debbo mum ngarta Maiduguri balɗe sappo, tawi fitinaaji ɗii ina ustoo. Caggal ɗuum, Obasanjo neldi debbo mum to Lagos, tawi omo hoota Kaduna kanko e hoore makko, o woni ɗoon haa lewru Yarkomaa 1967. E oon sahaa ko kanko woni ofisee Yoruba ɓurɗo mawnude tawaaɗo to bannge worgo. E lewru Yarkomaa 1967, Obasanjo toɗɗaama to Lagos ngam wonde mawɗo Injineer konu.Hare hakkunde leƴƴi Igbo e leƴƴi worgo ina jokki e ɓeydaade, e lewru mee, ofisee konu Igbo C. Odumegwu Ojukwu hollitii jeytaare nokkuuji ɓurɗi heewde Igbo e nder fuɗnaange-rewo leydi Bi. Ñalnde 3 lewru juko, laamu leydi Najeriya neldi Obasanjo to Ibadan ngam wonde hooreejo leydi Hirnaange.Hare hakkunde konu leydi Najeriya e seernaaɓe Biafran fuɗɗii ko ñalnde 6 lewru juko. Ñalnde 9 sulyee, Ojukwu neldi koloñaal konu Biafra dow pont Niiseer ngam yiɗde heɓtude Mid-West, nokku ɗo ɓe mbaawi ummoraade Lagos. Obasanjo yiɗiino uddude laabi jahduɗi e wuro ngo. Komandaajo Yoruba biyeteeɗo Victor Banjo, ardinooɗo konu njanngu Biafran, etinooma waawnude Obasanjo yoo ɓe njaltu, kono o salii. == Kuugal konu lesdi: 1967-1970 == "Kolonel Olu Obasanjo, gardinooɗo diɗɗal tataɓal". Jaaynde Naajeeriya keso, hello 7, 12 lewru Yarkomaa 1970. Gagga hare nder leydi Naajeeriya e Biafra. Ndeen Obasanjo toɗɗaama hooreejo caggal diɗɗal ɗiɗaɓal Murtala Muhammed, gollotoongal to Mid-Ouest. Obasanjo woni ko e jooɗaade to Ibadan, ko kañum halfinaa Division ɗiɗaɓo oo jogaade kaɓirɗe. E nder wuro ngo, Obasanjo jannginii course ganndal konu to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Ibadan, o mahi jokkondiral makko e nder elite Yoruba. E nder wolde nde, wonno ko jiiɓru mawndu e nder Dowla Hirnaange, ngam daɗde e ɗeen caɗeele, Obasanjo woppi golle mum e nder Diiso doosɗe Hirnaange.Nde Obasanjo woɗɗi Ibadan e lewru noowammbar 1968, gure jogiiɗe kaɓirɗe ɗe fedde remooɓe Agbekoya moofti, njani e galle laamorɗo Ibadan. Konuuji ɗii njaabtii, mbari sappo e fitinaaji ɗii. Nde Obasanjo arti o yamiri yo ñaawirde ƴeewto kewuuji ɗii. == Yamiroore konu: 1967-1970 == "Kolonel Olu Obasanjo, gardinooɗo diɗɗal tataɓal". Jaaynde Naajeeriya keso, hello 7, 12 lewru Yarkomaa 1970. Gagga hare nder leydi Naajeeriya e Biafra. Ndeen Obasanjo toɗɗaama hooreejo caggal diɗɗal ɗiɗaɓal Murtala Muhammed, gollotoongal to Mid-Ouest. Obasanjo ina jooɗii to Ibadan, ko kañum halfinaa Division ɗiɗaɓo oo jogaade kaɓirɗe. E nder wuro ngo, Obasanjo jannginii course ganndal konu to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Ibadan, o mahi jokkondiral makko e nder elite Yoruba. E nder wolde nde, wonno ko jiiɓru mawndu e nder Dowla Hirnaange, ngam daɗde e ɗeen geɗe, Obasanjo woppi golle e nder Diiso doosɗe Dowla Hirnaange. Nde Obasanjo woɗɗi Ibadan e lewru noowammbar 1968, wuro ngo ina jogii balɗe, ngo fedde remooɓe Agbekoya moofti, yani e galle laamorɗo Ibadan. Konuuji ɗii njaabtii, mbari sappo e fitinaaji ɗii. Nde Obasanjo arti o yamiri yo ñaawirde ƴeewto kewuuji ɗii. Gowon felliti lomtaade Kolonel Benjamin Adekunle, ardinooɗo njanngu Biafra, kono ina haani Yoruba mawɗo goɗɗo. O suɓii ko Obasanjo, hay so tawii noon o alaa humpito hare. Obasanjo arii Port Harcourt ngam heɓtude golle ɗee ñalnde 16 mee 1969 ; o ardii hannde hakkunde 35 000 e 40 000 soldaat. O waɗii jonte jeegom gadane ɗee ko e riiwtude njangu Biafran e Aba. O yilliima kala nokku e yeeso, o gaañiiɗo e waɗde ɗum. Ɗee golle ngaddi mo innde cuusal e nder worɓe makko E lewru desaambar, Obasanjo fuɗɗii golle Finishing Touch, yamiri konu mum yo yahru yeeso feewde Umuahia, ngu ɓe ƴetti ñalnde Natal. Ɗum taƴii Biafra e feccere. Ñalnde 7 lewru Yarkomaa 1970, o ummini ndeen « Operation Tail-Wind », o heɓti laana ndiwoowa Uli ñalnde 12 lewru Yarkomaa. E oon sahaa, ardiiɓe Biafran njaɓi yoɓde. Ñalnde 13 lewru nduu, Obasanjo jokkondiri e komandaajo konu Biafran biyeteeɗo Philip Effiong. Obasanjo wi'i sooja'en Biafran hokka balmi maɓɓe, nden boo suɓol ardiiɓe lesdi ndi'i ɗon yaha Lagos, ɓe hokka Gowon dow laawol. Janngo mum, Obasanjo haali e rajo diiwaan oo, o wiyi ɓiɓɓe leydi ndi yo njokku e galleeji mum en, o dartina kisal mum en. Biafranaaɓe heewɓe e jaayɗe goɗɗe ina kuli wonde konu leydi Najeriya ina waawi waɗde bonanndeeji keewɗi e yimɓe foolɓe ɓee, hay so tawii noon Obasanjo ina yiɗi haɗde ɗum. O yamiri konu makko e nder diiwaan hee yo heddo e nder galleeji mum en, jokkude wonde polis nokku oo ina foti ƴettude kuule ngam ƴellitde sariya e deeƴre. Division tataɓo, ɓurɗo woɗɗude, waɗii hareeji warngooji e yimɓe nokku oo. Obasanjo ina tiiɗi e waɗooɓe bonannde ndee, sibu waɗɓe warngooji ɗii mberlaama, waɗɓe warngooji ɗii mbardaa. Laamu Gowon waɗi Obasanjo kalfinaaɗo naatnude Biafra e nder leydi Najeriya, e nder oon darnde o heɓi teddungal ngam teeŋtinde mawngu. Ko o injenieer, o teeŋtinii artirde jolngo ndiyam ; haa lewru mee 1970 gure mawɗe diiwaan oo fof njokkondirii e jolngo ndiyam. Darnde Obasanjo e timminde wolde nde waɗi mo jaambaaro wolde, kadi ko o neɗɗo ganndiraaɗo e nder leydi Najeriya. == Kuugal maako ɓaawo konu lesdi: 1970-1975 == E lewru suwee 1970, Obasanjo arti Abeokuta, jamaanu jaɓɓii mo no jaambaaro garoowo nii. Ndeen o neldaama to Lagos, o woni Brigadier gardinooɗo Korse Innjiniyankooɓe. E lewru oktoobar, Gowon hollitii wonde laamu militeer en ina rokka laamu nguu laamu siwil e hitaande 1976. E nder ɗuum, haɗde lanndaaji politik ina heddii e doole ; Gowon yahri yeeso seeɗa e sosde laamu siwil. E les laamu sooja'en, Obasanjo jooɗi nder goomu limngal sooja'en lesdi Naajeeriya, ko laarani limngal sooja'en lesdi Naajeeriya nder duuɓi 1970. E hitaande 1974 Obasanjo yahi to leydi Angalteer ngam janngude to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Royal College to bannge diine. Nde o arti, e lewru Yarkomaa 1975 Gowon toɗɗii mo Komisariyaa Golle e Koɗki, golle ɗe o joginoo fotde lebbi jeeɗiɗi, e nder ɗuum o ɓuri waawde mahde kaɓirɗe konu. E hitaande 1970, Obasanjo soodi sosiyatee Libannaajo ɓooyɗo to Ibadan, o gollini heen awokaa ngam ƴellitde ɗum. E hitaande 1973 o winnditii fedde wiyeteende Temperance Enterprises Limited, nde o waawi waɗde heen golle njulaagu caggal nde o woppi golle konu. O jokki kadi e waɗde heen jawdi ; e hitaande 1974 o joginoo galleeji ɗiɗi to Lagos e gooto fof to Ibadan e Abeokuta. Haalaaji ummii wonde Obasanjo ina jokki e waɗde njulaagu nguu ina ɓeydoo yaajde e nder leydi Najeriya, hay so tawii noon alaa ko holliti ɗum ko laaɓti. Dewgal makko e Oluremi wonti caɗeele nde o salii jokkondiral makko e rewɓe woɗɓe. E cakkital kitaale 1970 dewgal maɓɓe fusi. E hitaande 1976 o resi Stella Abebe e nder kewu aadaaji Yoruba. E nder laamu Murtala == Kuudetaa 1975 e caggal mum == Binndanɗe mawɗe: Kuudetaa laamu Nijeer e hitaande 1975 e Kawtal konu Nijeer (1966–1979) E lewru sulyee 1975, kuudetaa e gardagol Shehu Muusaa Yar’Adua e Yuusuf Garba liɓi Gowon, o dogi fayti Angalteer. Ɓe kaalaani Obasanjo e peeje maɓɓe nde tawnoo omo anndiraa wonde kuudetaa ko kuutorgal waylude laamu. Kuudetaaji ɗii njiɗnoo ko lomtinde laamu otokaraasi Gowon nguu e laamu tati (triumvirate) brigadieruuji tati ɗi Diiso Toowngo Konu ina waawi haɗde kuule mum en. Ngalɗoo laamu tati, ɓe cemmbini Seneraal Murtala Muhammed yo won hooreejo leydi, Obasanjo woni ɗiɗaɓo e gardagol mum, Danjuma woni tataɓo. Daartoowo biyeteeɗo John Iliffe teskiima wonde e nder triumvirate, Obasanjo ko « puccu gollordu e ngaandi » , ko kanko ɓuri yaawde hootde e laamu siwil. E nder heen, triumvirate oo naatni peeje ustude ngalu ngam haɗde inflation, sosi Biro toppitiiɗo ko fayti e golle bonɗe, lomtini guwerneeruuji militeer en ɗii fof ofiseeji kesi, ɓe cifotoo ko Obasanjo woni hooreejo konu, ɓe puɗɗii "Operation Deadwood" mo ɓe ndartini ofiseeji civil 11,000. == Mawɗo gollordu, suudu sarɗiiji: 1975–76 == E lewru oktoobar 1975, laamu nguu hollitii peeje ngam waɗde woote ɗe mbaɗata ngam laamu siwil e lewru oktoobar 1979. Ngu hollitii kadi peeje ngam sosde goomu ngam ƴettude doosgal leydi kesal, tawi ko Obasanjo ɓuri waawde suɓaade terɗe goomu nguu 49. E dow wasiyaaji Komiseer Irifeke, laamu nguu hollitii kadi sosde dowlaaji jeeɗiɗi kesi ; e dow tiiɗnaare Obasanjo, Abeokuta ina foti wonde laamorgo gooto e ɗeen dowlaaji kesi, hono Ogun. Kadi dow wasiyaaji komitiiru ndun, ɓe anndini anniyaaji seeɗa-seeɗa ngam wurtinki laamorgo lesdi Naajeeriya diga Lagos haa Abuja ɓurduɗum caka. E lewru Yarkomaa 1976, Obasanjo e Danjuma fof ƴettaa e jappeere Lietnaa-Seneraal. Murtala e Obasanjo fof ina ndartini darnde ngam haɗde koloñaal Oropnaaɓe jokkude e njiimaandi ɓaleeɓe tokosɓe e nder Afrik worgo, ɗum noon ko huunde nde ɓe cuɓii e politik maɓɓe caggal leydi. Ngolɗoo sabaabu ina ɓeydoo wontude ngoƴa Obasanjo. Caggal nde Angolaa heɓti jeytaare mum e juuɗe Portigaal, wolde ɓesngu addi e leydi hee. Naajeeriya anndi laabi laamu ngu MPLA, fedde marxist en nde Dental Sowiyet walli, sabu laamu luulndiingu FNLA e UNITA ina mballita e laamu ɓaleeɓe tokosɓe to Afrik worgo. Ko jiidaa e rokkude MPLA ballal kaalis, Niiseer fuɗɗiima ƴattaade leyɗeele Afrik goɗɗe ngam kadi jaɓde njuɓɓudi MPLA, e fuɗɗoode hitaande 1976 ko ɓuri heewde e dowlaaji e nder Fedde Ngootaagu Afrik (OAU) mbaɗii ɗum. E lewru feebariyee 1976, Obasanjo ardii delegaasiyoŋ Najeriya ngam mawninde hitaande MPLA to Luanda, ɗo o wiyi : « ko ñalngu maantiniingu, ko ɗum fuɗɗoode hare sakkitiinde ngam haɓaade koloñaal, imperiyaalisma e njiyaagu e nder Afrik ». == Warngo Murtala : 13 feebariyee 1976 == E lewru feebariyee 1976, kolonel Buka Suka Dimka waɗi kuudetaa e laamu Nijeer, tawi ko ndeen Seneraal Murtala Muhammed waraa. Eɓɓoore kadi waɗaama e nguurndam Obasanjo, kono neɗɗo mo fotaani waraa. Dimka ŋakkiraa ballal mawngal e nder militeer en, kuudetaa makko ronki, ɗum addani mo dogde. Obasanjo tawtoraaki wirwirnde Murtala to Kano, kono o hollitii laamu nguu ina jogori yoɓde mahngo juulirde e nokku ɗo o wirnaa ɗoo. Caggal nde o waraa, Obasanjo tawtoraama batu Diiso Toowngo Konu. O hollitii yiɗde makko woppude laamu, kono Diiso ngoo heɓiino ɗaɓɓude yo o lomto Murtala e gardagol leydi ndii. Ko ɗum waɗi o wonti hooreejo diiso ngoo.E nder kulhuli makko e ɓeydagol eɓɓooji e nguurndam makko, Obasanjo naati e nder kasoo Dodan, tawi 39 neɗɗo tuumaaɗo wonde e nder kuudetaa Dimka mbaraa, ɗum jibini tuumeede wonde jaabawol Obasanjo ngol ina heewi. Ko Obasanjo woni hooreejo leydi ndi, o huniima jokkude dawrugol Murtala. == Hooreejo leydi konu (1976-1979) == == Triumvirat konu == E anndude kulhuli gonɗi e woɗɗude yimɓe woyla Naajeeriya, Obasanjo addi Seneraal Shehu Yar'Adua ngam lomtaade mo e ɗiɗaɓo e gardagol hooreejo konu, gardiiɗo jaagorɗe toowɗo timminoowo triumvirate militeer en, Obasanjo woni hooreejo leydi e Seneraal Theophilus Stajumabli ngam laamaade dow tato we- laamu konu. Obasanjo hirjinii jeewte e nanondiral hakkunde Diiso Toowngo Konu. Heewɓe ina kaawaa hol ko waɗi Obasanjo – hono Yoruba e Kerecee – toɗɗaade Yar’Adua, tergal e aristokraasi worgo, yo won gardiiɗo ɗiɗaɓo mum, wonaa banndiiko Yoruba Kerecee. Obasanjo teeŋtinii kulhuli ngenndiiji e dow ɗi diiwanuuji ɗii ; o hirjini sukaaɓe e mawɓe fof nde njanngata fodoore ngenndiire hesere ndee e jimɗi ngenndiiji ɗii. Nafoore heɓde miijooji ɓurɗi yaajde, ñalnde aset kala omo waɗa seminar mo alaa ko woni e mum so wonaa toɓɓere nde yimɓe ɓe ngonaa politikaaji e gollotooɓe laamu noddata. Ina jeyaa e ɓe o ɗaɓɓirta wasiyaaji mum en, annduɓe lislaam e mawɓe aadaaji. == Politik faggudu == Obasanjo wondude e hooreejo leydi Amerik biyeteeɗo Jimmy Carter to galle laamorɗo Amerik e hitaande 1977 E cakkital kitaale 1970, leydi Naajeeriya ina joginoo faggudu ɓurndu heewde doole, tawi noon ko 34% e inflation. Ngam haɓugo bee caɗeele faggudu lesdi Naajeeriya, Obasanjo tokki dabareeji cemmbiɗinki ceede ngam ustugo ceede laamu. E nder bidsee makko 1976, Obasanjo eɓɓi ustude njoɓdi laamu nguu fotde feccere, ustude eɓɓaaɗe tedduɗe, tawa ina ɓeyda njoɓdi jaŋde, cellal, galleeji, e ndema. O sosi kadi goomu ngam haɓaade inflation, e nder hitaande wootere caggal nde Obasanjo heɓi laamu, inflation ustii haa 30%. Obasanjo ina heewi yiɗde ñamlude kaalis, kono e ballal Banke Adunayankeewo e Fonds Monétaire International, Nijeer ƴetti ñamlude miliyaaruuji 1 dolaar e fedde bankeeji. Ɓeen ñiŋooɓe leftist en mbiyi wonde waɗde ɗum ina addana leydi ndii ɗooftaade kapitaalisma. E nder duuɓi ɗiɗi garooji ɗii, laamu Obasanjo, Nijeer ƴettii 4 983 miliyoŋ dolaar goɗɗo. Naajeeriya ina wondi e ɓeydagol fotde 3% hitaande kala e nder kitaale 1970, huunde nde fotnoo ɓeydaade fotde laabi ɗiɗi e nder duuɓi 25 seeɗa. Obasanjo teskiima caggal ɗuum wonde o anndaa ɗum e oon sahaa, sibu laamu makko alaa politik e ƴellitde yimɓe. Ɓeydagol yimɓe leydi Naajeeriya addani ɓe ɓeydaade yaawde e nder gure mawɗe e ŋakkeende cuuɗi e nder gure. Ngam haɓaade ɗum, bidsee Obasanjo e hitaande 1976 hollitii peeje mahngo 200 000 galle keso haa hitaande 1980, hay so tawii noon ko 28 500 tan mahaa.E hitaande 1976, laamu Obasanjo kadi hollitii wonde ina jogori ƴellitde renndo e cogguuli. Ngam haɓaade jiiɓru seppooji gollotooɓe, e hitaande 1976 laamu Obasanjo yaltinii sariyaaji cifotooɗi ko ɓuri heewde e gollorɗe mawɗe ko sarwisaaji baɗɗi faayiida, haɗi seppooji e nder mum en, yamiri nanngugol ardiiɓe senndikaaji jiiɓru. E hitaande 1978 nde hawriti senndikaaji 42 e nder fedde wootere nde gollotooɓe e leydi Nijeer. Obasanjo jokki bee taskaramji tati mawɗi ngam ndiyam haa woyla lesdi Naajeeriya ɗi arannde anndinaama les Murtala: taskaramji maayo Kano, taskaramji Bakalori, e taskaramji ndiyam Chad Sud. Laamu makko kadi jokki eɓɓooji ƴellitaare ndema puɗɗanooɗi to Funtua, Gusau, e Gombe. Won eɓɓaaɗe ƴellitgol laddeeji kadi puɗɗaama ngam haɗde njiimaandi Saharaa to bannge worgo. Ngam heɓde ko ɓuri heewde e ɗaɓɓaande leydi ndii e kuuraa, Obasanjo ardiima udditgol eɓɓaaɗe ɗiɗi kese ngam ƴellitde kuuraa e nder ndiyam e ƴulɓe. Industry petrol heddii ko huunde mawnde e faggudu leydi Naajeeriya e les laamu Obasanjo, ministeer petrol hawtii e fedde petroŋ leydi Naajeeriya ngam sosde fedde petroŋ leydi Naajeeriya (NNPC). Obasanjo kadi wallitii sosde lowre liggorde to Bonny, nde NNPC yoɓi 62% ; eɓɓaande ndee ko lomto makko woppi ɗum e nder ɓeydagol coodguuli. Obasanjo jokki kadi e peewnugol njuɓɓudi njamndi mboɗeeri Ajaokuta, eɓɓaande ndonaandi nde heewɓe e ñiŋooɓe e nder sarwisaaji laamu mbiyata ko nde waawataa huutoreede. E nder cakkital kitaale 1970, Naajeeriya kadi ina wondi e ustaare ndema, ko ɗum huunde nde laamuuji jokkondirɗi ɗii njiyti ko ɓuri hoybude e naatde e nguura e nder leydi ndii. E lewru mee 1976, Obasanjo fuɗɗii « Operation Feed the Nation » (Operation Feed the Nation), woni eɓɓaande ngam wuurtinde ndema tokoosa, tawi ina jeyaa heen yoɓeede almudɓe ngam remde e nder balɗe juulde. Eɓɓaande ndee ina waɗi kadi momtugol njoɓɗeele e nguura jawdi e kaɓirɗe ndema, e ballal kuutoragol tovo ngo, e ustude njoɓɗeele ndema. E lewru marse 1978, Obasanjo yaltini kuulal kuutoragol leydi ndi rokki laamu nguu hakkeeji jeyi leydi e dow leydi ndii kala. Ɗum waɗiraa ko ngam haɗde njulaagu leydi e njulaagu leydi, kadi addani ɗum yetteede e bannge nano leydi Najeriya hay so tawii noon ko galleeji keewɗi jogiiɗi leydi njiɗaa ɗum. Obasanjo yiyri ɗum ko e geɗe teeŋtuɗe laamu mum. Obasanjo wallitorii reentaade Gowon ngam waɗde heen jawdi mum caggal leydi, o jokki e ɗeen politikaaji. Politik faggudu ngenndiyankaagal e nder sekteeruuji teeŋtuɗi ina usta njulaagu keeriiɗo, ɗum addani ɗum ustude njulaagu, hay so tawii noon daraniiɓe ɗum ɓee ina njetta Obasanjo ngam dartinde diisnondiral kaalis so renndinaama e ardiiɓe mum. == Politikuuji nder leydi == O (Obasanjo) jokki e ƴamol jaŋde leslesre winndereyankoore e nder leydi Najeriya, politik ronkaama e Gowon. O naatini sariya jaŋde leslesre e hitaande 1976 ; hakkunde 1975–76 e 1979–80, binnditagol e duɗe leslese ɗe njoɓaaka kono ɗe njiɗaa, ɓeydiima gila e miliyoŋaaji 6 haa 12,5 miliyoŋ, hay so tawii noon jannginooɓe e kaɓirɗe ina ŋakki ngam waawde huutoraade ɗaɓɓaande ndee. E hitaande jaŋde 1977–78, Obasanjo naatni jaŋde hakkundeere nde alaa ko yoɓetee e fannuuji karallaagal, huunde nde yaajnaa e denndaangal jaŋde hakkundeere e hitaande 1979–80. E oon sahaa gooto, leydi Naajeeriya ustii kaalis jaŋde toownde ; e hitaande 1978 nde woppi rokkude ñamaale almudɓe, nde ɓeydi fotde laabi tati njoɓdi nguura e hoɗorde duɗe jaaɓi haaɗtirde. Seppooji janngooɓe mbaɗi e nder gure keewɗe, waɗii warngooji baɗnooɗi e nder wuro Lagos e Zaria. E nder jaabawol fitinaaji ɗii, Obasanjo udditi duɗe jaaɓi-haaɗtirde keewɗe, haɗi golle politik e nder duɗe jaaɓi-haaɗtirde, haɗi kadi fedde janngooɓe leydi Najeriya. Tiiɗnaare ɗeen peeje ina gasa tawa ko sabu tuumeede wonde fitinaaji almudɓe ɗii ina njokkondiri e kuudetaa militeer peewnaaɗo e lewru feebariyee 1978. Obasanjo ina mettini e jikkuuji almudɓe seppooɓe ɓee, o wiyi wonde ɗum ina hollita ruttaade e nafooje aadaaji ko wayi no hormaade almudɓe. Ngam batte ɓamtaare laamu Naajeeriya, leydi ndi yi’i ɓamtaare mawnde nder kuuɗe laamu. Seedeeji peeñii ko feewti e fenaande mawnde e nder laamu leydi ndii, tee, so tawii tuume ɗee ina keewi waɗeede e Obasanjo e hoore mum, alaa seedeeji tiiɗɗi peeñi. Ngam haɗde natal njulaagu e nder laamu, laamu Obasanjo haɗii huutoraade otooji Mercedes ngam waɗde otooji laamu, e lomtaade ɗum en, ɓe mbaɗti heen otooji Peugeot 504 ɓurɗi hoybude Naatgol champagne kadi haɗaama. E ƴaañde taƴgol konu, laamu Obasanjo yiyri 12 000 soldaat ina ndartinaa e nder duuɓi 1976 e 1977. Ɗee konu njalti ko e nokkuuji kesi ngam wallitde ɗum en e jokkondirde e nguurndam siwil en. Obasanjo kadi ina tuuma wonde ko kañum woni sabaabu ƴaañgol politik. E nder yeewtere wootere maantiniinde, koɗorɗe jimoowo e daraniiɗo politik Najeriya biyeteeɗo Fela Kuti, Republique Kalakuta, yani, yani haa laaɓi, caggal nde tergal e fedde makko hawri e yimɓe konu. Fela e ɓesngu mum piyi, njuppaa, yumma mum mawɗo, daraniiɗo politik e yumma mum sosɗo Chief Funmilayo Ransome Kuti, werlaa e windo. Ɗum addani mo gaañiiɓe no feewi, haa arti noon e maayde makko. Fela caggal ɗuum nawti kees to galle hooreejo leydi ndii e oon sahaa to Dodan Barracks to Lagos ngam salaade ƴaañde laamu nguu e politik. == Politik caggal leydi == Hooreejo leydi Amerik biyeteeɗo Jimmy Carter ina wondi e Obasanjo e njillu mum to leydi Najeriya e hitaande 1978 Obasanjo ina yiɗi tabitinde leydi Najeriya no ardorde mawnde e nder Afrik nii, e nder laamu makko, doole mum e nder duunde nde ɓeydiima. O ummini dabare Gowon ngam waɗugo julde ɗiɗaɓre nder duuniyaaru ngam naalankaaku e pinal ɓaleeɓe e afriknaajo haa lesdi Naajeeriya; ɗum waɗi ko to Lagos e lewru feebariyee 1977, hay so tawii noon ñaawooɓe nder leydi ndii mbiyi ko ɗum huunde nde alaa ko nafata. Obasanjo hokkii ɗuuɗal teddungal dow Dental Faggudu lesɗe Afrik Hirnaange (ECOWAS) nden o mettini ɗuuɗɓe nder terɗe maako ɗemngal Farayse ɓaawo o wi'i, bana no Naajeeriya ɓuri wallugo ceede ngam hukuuma kan, Naajeeriya foti jaɓɓaago hukuumaaji pamari ɗin haa Lagos. Jokkondiral e Ganaa ɓadiiɗo kadi ustii ; e hitaande 1979, leydi Nijeer taƴii petroŋ e nder leydi ndii ngam salaade warngooji luulndiiɓe politik ɗi laamu kesu ngu Jerry Rawlings wari. E laamu Obasanjo, Naajeeriya ustii jokkondiral mum juutngal e leydi Angalteer, ɓeydi jokkondirde e leyɗeele dentuɗe Amerik. Obasanjo ina yiɗi laamu hooreejo leydi Amerik biyeteeɗo Jimmy Carter, cuɓaaɗo e hitaande 1976, sabu Carter ina joginoo darnde tiiɗnde ngam tabitinde laamu ɓurngu heewde e Afrik worgo. Ambasadeer Carter to leydi Nijeer, hono Andrew Young, waɗii sehilaagal tiiɗngal e Obasanjo, Carter yilliima leydi Nijeer e hitaande 1978. Kono tan, kuulal ngam waylude alkule ɗee waɗiraa ko ngam dalillaaji laaɓtuɗi, wonaa miijooji ; yiytude petroŋ e nder maayo worgo firti ko Angalteer wontii ƴaañoowo wonaa soodoowo petroŋ Nijeer.Laamu Obasanjo kadi ina mettini heen no feewi nde Angalteer salii yoɓde Gowon, ina sikka wonde laamu Angalteer ina waawi wonde e kuudetaa mo Murtala waɗi. Ngam ɗeeɗoo hujjaaji, e hitaande 1976 nde miijii dartinde jokkondiral dipolomaasi e Angalteer, kono haa jooni nde dartinaani. Obasanjo noon saliima yahde Angalteer, o semmbini ardiiɓe makko waɗde ɗum. Jokkondiral ngal ɓeydii bonde nde Margaret Thatcher wonti gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi Angalteer e hitaande 1979, o fuɗɗii waɗde feere ɓurnde welde e njuɓɓudi laamu ɓaleeɓe tokosɓe to Rodesi e Afrik worgo. E nder jaabawol ngol, Naajeeriya nanngi laanawol ndiyam lesdi Naajeeriya, ngol ɓe tammi ɗon nastina petrol Naajeeriya haa lesdi Naajeeriya, ɓe haɗi hukuumaaji pamari Biritaniya ngam heɓugo kuuɗe Naajeeriya, ɓe nastini kuuɗe BP haa lesdi Naajeeriya. Obasanjo ina yiɗi kadi yaawnaade joofnude laamu ɓaleeɓe tokosɓe e nder Afrik worgo ; e wiyde Iliffe, ɗum wonti « cakkital politik makko caggal leydi ». Naajeeriya hokki ballal ngam haɓugo bee laamu daneeji nder diiwal ngal, hokki hukuumaaji pamari ɗi'i uddita birooji haa Lagos, nden hokki hukuumaaji pamari ɗin ɗon hokka mooɓgal feere-feere dogguɓe laamuuji lesdi Afrika fombinaari. E ƴettude peeje tiiɗɗe ngam haɓaade laamu apartaayd to Afrik worgo, Obasanjo hollitii wonde Nijeer naatataa e Olimpiyaaji 1976 sabu leydi Nuwel Selannde, tawtoraaɗo kawgel ngel, ina joginoo jokkondiral e Afrik worgo, leydi ndi haɗaa tawtoreede kawgel ngel sabu apartaayd. E hitaande 1977, Obasanjo haɗi kala kontraaji jokkondirɗi e Afrik worgo golloraade e nder leydi Nijeer ; sosiyateeji mawɗi ɗi njippii ɗii ko petroŋ Angalteer e Banke Barclays. E ndeen hitaande kadi, leydi Nijeer yuɓɓinii batu Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe ngam haɓaade apartaayd to Lagos, Obasanjo yilliima Amerik e lewru oktoobar ɗo o wiyi leydi ndii yo woppu yeeyde kaɓirɗe to Afrik worgo. Nde o woni nder leydi ndi'i o wolwi haa kawtal hoore lesdi ndi'i nden asaweeje ɗiɗi ɓaawo man Naajeeriya heɓi jooɗorde nder kawtal lesdi ndi'i. Fiilde Margaret Thatcher e hitaande 1979 ngam wonde gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi Angalteer, addani jokkondiral Angalteer e Niiseer bonnude ; Obasanjo miijii ko o yurmeende no feewi e laamuuji daneeji tokoosi e nder Afrik worgo Luulndaade laamu ɓaleeɓe tokosɓe e nder leydi Rodesi, addaniino hare Bush e nder leydi Rodesi, laamu Obasanjo ina jokki e wiyde wonde ko hare balɗe tan woni feere ngam foolde laamu Rodesi. O hirjinii ngootaagu hakkunde pelle ceertuɗe luulndiiɗe laamu toon, o wiyi Robert Mugabe, hooreejo ZANU, yo jaɓ ardaade luulndiiɗo makko, hono Joshua Nkomo mo ZAPU. E hitaande 1977, Angalteer e Amerik ciifi eɓɓaaɗe ngam waylude laamu ɓurngu heewde e Rodesi, e nder yonta mo leydi ndii woni e les njiimaandi doole Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe. Obasanjo jaɓii eɓɓaande ndee, o yilliima Tansani, Sammbi, Mosammbik, e Republiik Demokaratik Konngo ngam wiyde laamuuji mum en yo mbaɗ noon. Kono caggal nde Thatcher wonti gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi Angalteer, leydi Nijeer woɗɗitii hoore mum e darnde Angalteer ngam haɗde wolde Bush Rhodesian, o woppitaa kala darnde teeŋtunde e nder golle ɗe Angalteer waɗi, ɗe ngaddani wooteeji demokaraasi ɗi leƴƴi keewɗi mbaɗi e hitaande... Ko o hooreejo leydi, Obasanjo tawtoraama batuuji OAU. E oon sahaa yuɓɓinaa e lewru sulyee 1977, o eɓɓi sosde goomu jooɗiiɗo ngam haɓaade luural hakkunde leyɗeele jeyaaɗe e OAU. E batu 1978, o jeertinii wonde banngeeji ɗiɗi ɗii fof ina poti naatde e wolde huuɓtodinnde. E nder batu garoowo oo, o wiyi yo konu Pan-Afriknaajo sose, baawɗo waɗde golle ngam hisnude jam e nder duunde he. Ngam ɓamtuki darnde lesdi Naajeeriya nder duuniyaaru, Obasanjo nasti nder kuuɗe feere-feere ɗe lesdi Naajeeriya nder Afrika fuu. E hitaande 1977, o heɓtinii Benin e Togo yoo ndartin luural hakkunde keeri mum en, nguddita keeri mum en. O etinooma kadi haɓaade luural hakkunde leyɗeele keewɗe Fuɗnaange Afrik, o haɗa ɗum kadi ruttaade e Dental Fuɗnaange Afrik, kono o dañii heen caɗeele. Ko o hooreejo goomu jokkondire OAU, o etinooma jokkondire Ogaden hakkunde Ecoppi e Somali kono kadi o dañaani. O waawaano kadi feewnude luural peeñngal hakkunde Angalteer e leydi Konngo. E innde OAU, Obasanjo waɗii batu to Kano ngam haɓaade hare hakkunde leyɗeele Caad. Feddeeji keewɗi njaɓii darnude wolde, sosde laamu ngootaagu ngenndi, e accude konu leydi Najeriya ina waɗa jam. Hare nden noon jokki, Naajeeriya jaabtii e taƴde petroŋ mum to Caad. Koolol ɗiɗmol ko faati e hare ndee waɗii to Lagos e lewru ut 1979, ɗum addani laamu nguu sosde laamu nguu, ngu juutaani. E hitaande sakkitiinde e laamu makko konu, o ardii golle OAU ngam safrude wolde Saharaa hirnaange. == Jaltugol laamu == Laamu militeer en hawri ko e goomu ƴettugol doosɗe leydi ngam ƴettude doosgal kesal potngal huutoreede e nder mbayliigu laamu siwil. Goomu nguu hollitii wonde Naajeeriya ina foti waylude laamu mum, ngu tuugii ko e laamu parlemaa leydi Angalteer, ngu tuugnii e laamu hooreejo leydi Amerik, ɗo hooreejo leydi gooto cuɓaaɗo woni hooreejo leydi e hooreejo laamu. Ngam haɗude oo hooreejo leydi wontude diktatoor, hono no waɗirnoo e nokkuuji goɗɗi e nder Afrik nii, o ɗaɓɓi ƴeewndorɗe keewɗe e doole maɓɓe, haa arti noon e njuɓɓudi fedde nde, ɗo juɓɓule cuɓaaɗe keertiiɗe ngoni ɗoo e to bannge fedde, to bannge dowri, to bannge nokkuuji. Eɓɓaande doosgal leydi ndii yaltinaa ko e lewru oktoobar 1976, nde yeewtidaa e yeeso yimɓe fof e hitaande aroore ndee.Asamblee doosgal leydi hawri ngam yeewtidde e eɓɓaande doosgal leydi ndii e lewru oktoobar 1977. Asaambele leydi ndii ina jokki e ƴeewde hol darnde nde sariya sharia rokkata e nder doosgal leydi ndii. Obasanjo noddii dental ngal, o jeertini ɓe batte kuulal ngal ɓe mbaɗi e renndo, o wiyi ɓe yo ɓe ƴettu jikkuuji ɓurɗi moƴƴude. E lewru suwee 1978, Diiso toowngo konu (Conseil suprême militaire) habri doosɗe leydi kese ɗee ; nde waɗiino waylooji keewɗi e mbaydi ndi asaambele doosgal leydi ndii ƴetti. Yanti e doosgal kesal ngal, Obasanjo itti haɗde lanndaaji politik. Ndeen pelle keewɗe mbaɗii ngam tawtoreede wooteeji garooji ɗii, ko ɓuri teeŋtude heen ko lannda ngootaagu Yoruba, lannda yimɓe Naajeeriya, e lannda ngenndiijo Naajeeriya. Obasanjo mettini heen no feewi nde tawnoo heewɓe e dawriyankooɓe ina mbaɗa fodoore nde ɓe mbaawataa ɗooftaade. Woote ɗee mbaɗi ko e nder lewru sulyee e lewru ut 1979. Wootooɓe ɓee ina pamɗi, ko hakkunde 30 e 40% e wootooɓe winnditiiɓe e sariya, tee ina waɗi fenaande banngeeji keewɗi, hay so tawii noon ko jam. Wonno ko jeewte ko fayti e hol keɓɗo woote hooreleydaagu, Obasanjo salii ñaawde, o wiyi yo Komisariyaa woote ƴetta oon darnde.Ɓe kollitii wonde Shehu Shagari woni keɓɗo, huunde nde gardiiɗo ɗiɗaɓo oo, hono Obafemi Awolowo, luulndii to Ñaawirde Toownde, tawi o dañaani heen nafoore. Shagari ƴetti laamu ko e lewru oktoobar 1979 ; e nder kewu udditgol makko, Obasanjo rokki Shagari koppi doosgal leydi kesal. Ko ɗum woni fuɗɗoode Republique ɗiɗaɓere leydi Najeriya. Darnde Obasanjo nder wartirki lesdi Naajeeriya haa laamu siwil, ɗum laatoto darnde woore nde o jogi nder duuɓi cappanɗe ɗiɗi garooji. Kono yimɓe heewɓe e nder leydi ndii e caggal leydi, ina jeyaa heen hooreejo leydi Zambie, hono Kenneth Kaunda e hooreejo leydi Togo, hono Gnassingbé Eyadéma, ina ɗaɓɓi e makko yo o heddo e laamu. Jaɓde makko wallitde Awolowo, banndiiko Yoruba, addani mo gaño ko heewi e elite Yoruba. Awolowo tuumi Obasanjo ko kanko woni orkestraaji Shagari, huunde nde Obasanjo yeddi no feewi. == Ko adii laamu (1979-1999) == Ko adii nde o yaltata laamu, e lewru abriil 1979, Obasanjo ƴetti hoore mum e darnde seneraal ; ko o seneraal koode nay o jokki e heɓde njoɓdi dowla. Nde o woppi golle e lewru oktoobar, o arti Abeokuta. Caggal nde o waɗi kursus jonte jeegom to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde heblo ndema, Obasanjo ƴetti hoore mum e ndema, omo ɗaminii waɗde yeru e hirjinde ƴellitaare ndema. O heɓi ko famɗi fof 230 ektaar leydi to Ota ngam sosde ngesa makko, o naati ɗoon e galle ngesa birik. Wonno ko gaññeeje nokkuyankooje e dañde leydi ndi haa heewi, ñaawirɗe keewɗe ngaddaama e makko sabu ɗuum. Golle makko ndema yuɓɓinaama e fedde makko wiyeteende Temperance, caggal ɗuum o inniri ɗum « Obasanjo’s Farms Limited ». O waɗti heen hakkille teeŋtuɗo e ndema colli ; e cakkital kitaale 1980, ngesa makko ina ɓuuɓna 140 000 cukalel e yontere. O sosi kadi gese e nder gure goɗɗe to bannge worgo-fuɗnaange, e hitaande 1987 gese makko ina njogii ko ina tolnoo e 400 gollotooɗo e nokkuuji jeetati. Hono no yimɓe Yoruba woɗɓe lolluɓe nii, Obasanjo ina wallitnoo almudɓe miskineeɓe to duɗal makko ɓooyngal to Abeokuta. Obasanjo ɓeydii ñiŋde laamu siwil Shagari, o wiyi hooreejo leydi ndii ina famɗi semmbe, ina ŋakkiraa peeje. Naajeeriya nasti nder ɓillaaji faggudu ngam waylaaki coggu petrol nder duuniyaaru. E lewru mee 1983, mawɓe konu ɗaɓɓiri Obasanjo nde ƴettata laamu leydi ndii kadi, kono o salii. E lewru desaambar, ɓe liɓi Shagari tawi Obasanjo alaa heen, e nder kuudetaa mo yiyaani fitinaaji seeɗa. Muhammadu Buhari laati hooreejo lesdi sooje'en keso. Obasanjo fuɗɗii wallugo laamu Buhari, o wi'i demokaraasi wakiili'en ɗon ƴaɓɓitoo haa lesdi Naajeeriya. O yetti Buhari ngam haɓugo bee cemmbiɗinki lesdi, o ɗon mari feccere nder nastirde lesdi, nden o ɗon wartira budget booɗɗum. E lewru ut 1985, Buhari kadi liɓaama, hooreejo konu Ibraahiima Babangida ƴetti laamu. Obasanjo ina ñiŋa won e peeje faggudu ɗe Babangida waɗi, haa arti noon e ustude njoɓdi naira. E hitaande 1992, luulndaare makko e laamu Babangida addani mo noddude yo leydi Najeriya artire demokaraasi. O fuɗɗii kadi salaade politikaaji faggudu (indigenisation) e kitaale 1970, o wiyi doosɗe leydi ina poti haɗde ƴettugol jawdi caggal leydi. E nder ɗuum, o sikki laamu nguu ina foti teeŋtinde ƴellitaare nde laamu nguu ardii. O ɓeydii hulɓinaade ko ɓeydagol yimɓe, toɓɓere nde o yejjitaani nde o woni e laamu, o wiyi Naajeeriyankooɓe yo njogo ɓesnguuji tokoosi "ngam nafoore faggudu maɓɓe e renndo-faggudu ngenndi". E nder duuɓi sappo e go’o caggal nde Obasanjo woppi laamu, o yaltinii defte nay. E hitaande 1980, Obasanjo wonnoo ko tedduɗo to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Ibadan, ɗo o winndi deftere wiyeteende My Command, daartol ko faati e geɗe makko e nder wolde hakkunde leyɗeele ; nde yalti ko e lewru noowammbar ndeen hitaande. Won e janngooɓe ñiŋii ko ɓe njiyri ko Obasanjo ina ŋakkira Murtala Muhammed, Robert Adeyinka Adebayo, mawɗo politik Yoruba, wiyi yo deftere ndee yaltine ngam haɗde nde aawde feccere. Ƴeewirde ɓurnde moƴƴude ndee waɗi ko sehil makko, hono Ken Saro-Wiwa, o innitiri ɗum masterly kono o sikki ko ɗum waɗi ballal rewindaade no feewi. E hitaande 1987, o yaltini Nzeogwu, deftere ciimtol sehil makko Chukwuma Nzeogwu, mo o gollodtonoo to Konngo. Hitaande 1989, deftere Obasanjo yaltini, wiyeteende Doosgal leydi ngam naatgol e ƴellitaare, nde o jeertini e hujjaaji Babangida ngam sosde laamu lanndaaji ɗiɗi e nder leydi Najeriya. E hitaande 1990, deftere makko tataɓere, wiyeteende Not my volonté yalti. Nde rokki ciimtol sahaa nde o laaminoo leydi ndii. == Golle hakkunde leyɗeele: 1979-1993 == E hitaande 1986 Obasanjo jokkondiri e Nelson Manndelaa. O hollitii wonde "ko kawral ngal meeɗaa yejjiteede. Mi yiyii e [Mandelaa] Afriknaajo worgo, ko Afriknaajo tigi rigi, kadi ko gardiiɗo winndere mo alaa ko woni e mum. O ɓuri ardiiɓe ɓe min kawri e mum en e nder Afrik worgo ɓee fof." E yiɗde jogaade semmbe e dingiral winnderewal, Obasanjo udditi Fedde Ardorde Afrik e nder ngesa mum Ota. Tuggi 1981 haa 1982, o jooɗiima kadi e Komiseer Palme, fedde nde gonnooɗo gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi Suwed, hono Olof Palme ardii, yeewtidnde ko fayti e ustude kaɓirɗe e kisal winndere. Obasanjo rewi heen ko e jeyeede e goomuuji nannduɗi e ɗii ɗoo, wonande Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe, Fedde Adunaare Cellal, e Goomu hakkunde-leyɗeewu ardiiɓe laamuuji ɓooyɗi. Nde Javier Pérez de Cuéllar, hooreejo Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe rafi, Obasanjo hiisetee ko potɗo lomtaade mo. Caggal nde Pérez de Cuéllar holliti woppii laamu, Obasanjo fuɗɗii kampaañ ngam lomtaade mo. E woote Goomu Kisal Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe, o woni tataɓo, tawi ko Boutros Boutros-Ghali, Ejiptnaajo, ƴetti darnde ndee. O yalti galle makko e njilluuji keewɗi; e hitaande 1986 o yilliima Japon, e hitaande 1987 o yilliima U.S. E nder luural hakkunde leyɗeele dentuɗe Amerik ngam yiɗde ɓurde yooɗde e Afrik worgo, nanondiraama wonde fedde wiyeteende Eminent Persons Group (EPG) ina sosee ngam fuɗɗoraade kaaldigal e laamu Afrik worgo ngam wallitde ɗum e ustude apartaayd. E dow wasiyaaji cukko hooreejo leydi Naajeeriya, hono Emeka Anyaoku, Obasanjo suɓaama ngam ardaade fedde nde e wonndude e gonnooɗo gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi Ostarali, hono Malcolm Fraser. Obasanjo jaɓi e dow fenaande. E lewru feebariyee 1986, kanko e Fraser ɓe njahi to wuro wiyeteengo Cape Town ɗo ɓe naamndii ngam hawritde e Nelson Manndelaa, daraniiɗo apartaayd, tergal mawngal e nder fedde wiyeteende Congres National Africaine (ANC) haɗaande. Ko Obasanjo tan yamiraa jokkondirde e Manndelaa ; o wiyi caggal ɗuum wonde omo weltii e makko no feewi. Ndeen Obasanjo hawrii e mawɓe ANC wonɓe e egguɓe to Lusaka. E lewru marse 1986, EPG oo fof yilliima Afrik worgo, e nder yonta mo jiiɓru e fitinaaji nder galleeji ɓeydii mawnude.Ko ɗoon ɓe kawri e mawɓe laamu nguu, ina jeyaa heen gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi ndii hono P. W. Botha, mo Obasanjo siftini caggal ɗuum wonde ko neɗɗo ɓurɗo muñde mo meeɗaa hawrude. Ciimtol EPG ngol hollitii wonde, so tawii ko ɓuri heewde e yimɓe Afrik worgo ina njiɗi nanondiral ngal alaa ko bonnata hakkunde laamu nguu e pelle luulndiiɗe apartaayd, gadano oo yiɗaa miijaade ɗum, tee alaa ko yahri yeeso no feewi ngam joofnude apartaayd. EPG noon hollitii wonde ina haani ɓeydaade tiiɗnaade e nder winndere ndee. Goomu Commonwealth jaɓii ko ciimtol ngol holliti, tawi Angalteer ina luulndii ɗum ; ɗum addani Obasanjo ɓeydaade mettinde Thatcher. Ndeen Commonwealth yamirii mo yo o ardo goomu ngam yuurnitaade ko Dowlaaji Dentuɗi ɗii poti daranaade koye mum en e njiimaandi Afrik worgo. Caggal nde Botha lomtinaa F. W. de Klerk, ooɗoo ɗiɗaɓo yaltini Manndelaa kasoo. Ina jeyaa e ɗanle Mandelaa gadane caggal leydi, to Niiseer, ɗo o yilli Obasanjo to galle mum. Lebbi ɗiɗi caggal ɗuum, Obasanjo ardii delegaasiyoŋ Najeriya to Afrik worgo ngam yeewtidde e yimɓe mawɓe politik. E lewru suwee 1991, o yilliima kadi, o wiyi hooreejo Zulu en, hono Mangosuthu Buthelezi, yo waɗ kaaldigal e pelle goɗɗe ngam wallitde dartinde apartaayd e waɗde woote timmuɗe. Obasanjo kadi golliima e ƴellitaare nokkuuji goɗɗi e nder Afrik. O yilliima Angalteer laabi ɗiɗi e nder hitaande 1988, o wallitii e darnde ngam joofnude wolde hakkunde leyɗeele toon. O yilliima kadi Sudaan laabi tati hakkunde 1987 e 1989, tawi o dañaani heen nafoore, o hirjinii kaaldigal ngam joofnude wolde ɗiɗmere Sudaan. Ndeen o wonii ƴeewoowo e wooteeji gardagol leydi Mosammbik e hitaande 1994. E hitaande 1994 e 1995, o yilliima Burundi, o golliima ngam deeƴnude caɗeele hakkunde leƴƴi Hutu en e Tutsi en. O fuɗɗinooma noddude jokkondiral ɓurngal ɓadaade e nder Afrik, o wiyi ɗum ina waawi heɓtineede e sosde feddeeji jeegom diiwaanuuji. E lewru suwee 1987, o ƴettiino peeje ngam yuɓɓinde Fedde Ardorde Afrik, nde wallitta rokkude karallaagal e heblo wonande politikaaji ummoriiɗi e duunde he kala. Nde fuɗɗii waɗde batuuji, anndiraaɗi « Dialogues de la maison de la ferme » , gila e galle Obasanjo fotde laabi jeegom e nder hitaande. Kadi nde waɗii batuuji winndereeji kala lewru, nde yaltinii jaaynde kala lewru, wiyeteende “Forum Afrique” hakkunde 1991 e 1993. == Haɓde e Abacha: 1992-1995 == Obasanjo hollitii kulhuli mum, sibu, hay so tawii o wiyi ina wallita gartugol demokaraasi, Babangida alaa ko anniyaaki so wonaa woppude laamu konu. Caggal nde wooteeji gardagol leydi ndi ndarnaa e hitaande 1992, Obasanjo e Anthony Enahoro ndarni fedde ngam demokaraasi e laamu moƴƴu e nder leydi Najeriya. Joɗnde adannde fedde ndee hawri ko e 31 neɗɗo politik nder leydi to Ota e lewru mee 1993. Wooteeji mbaɗi caggal ɗuum e lewru suwee 1993, tawi yimɓe seeɗa tawtoraama. Moshood Abiola mo lannda Social Democratic (SDP) heɓi, kono Babangida ndeen woppii njeñtudi woote ɗee, fodaniino woote ɗiɗmere ko ɓooyaani. SDP salii kala woote ɗiɗmere nde tawnoo ɓe mbiyi ko kanndidaa maɓɓe heɓiino woote gadane ɗee. Ndeen Babangida jaɓii woppude laamu ngam suɓaade laamu siwil jooɗiiɗo, ngu Ernest Shonekan ardii, ngu heɓi laamu e lewru ut 1993, ngu ƴetti peeje ngam waɗde wooteeji kesi e lewru feebariyee 1994. Seneraal Sani Abacha siftinii gooto e gorko gooto, mo wondude e do-gooders woɗɓe, eɓɓi ñaamde wumre ndee. Heddiiɓe ɓee mbayliima tan, oo Samariyanke nannduɗo e moƴƴo [...] arti ngam ƴettude pot suukara e juuɗe wumre ndee ngam hoore mum. Kadi, ko ɓuri heewde e men Nijeernaaɓe, ko en ƴeewooɓe, en mbeltiima. E nder kala sababuuji, ŋakkaani tawtoraaɓe e ñaamde ndee. Kadi ɓe ngoppaani batte moraal. == — Obasanjo, e dow kuudetaa Sani Abacha, hitaande 1994 == E oon sahaa, Sani Abacha tiiɗtinii doole mum e konu, e lewru noowammbar 1993, o felliti Shonekan yo woppu laamu, o acci hoore makko ƴettude laamu. Obasanjo noddiino Abacha ko adii kuudetaa oo, ina ñaagii ɗum nde woppataa ngalɗoo laawol. Caggal nde Abacha heɓti laamu, o wiyi Obasanjo yo jokkondir e makko. Ko sakkitii koo waɗii, kono salii wallitde laamu Abacha haa nde anndini ñalngu ngu yaltata e hoore mum. Ndeen Abacha momtii lanndaaji politik gonɗi ɗii e juɓɓule demokaraasiije, o noddi politikaaji ummoriiɗi e nokkuuji ceertuɗi yo naata e Diisnondiral makko Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe ; Obasanjo salii toɗɗaade hay gooto e ndeeɗoo diiso. Obasanjo fuɗɗi jeertinde wonde Naajeeriya ina yahra e wolde hakkunde leyɗeele woɗnde e nder feccere leƴƴi, e lewru mee 1994 kanko e Yar'Adua ɓe ndarni fedde wiyeteende National Unity Promoters, fedde daraniinde haɗde ndeeɗoo feere. E lewru Juko, Abiola anndini hoore mum hooreejo lesdi Naajeeriya, nden o nanngaama ngam janfa. Hay so tawii Obasanjo saliima jaɓde haala Abiola, o wasiyiima Abacha nde woppataa ɗum. Ndeen o ardiima fedde ardiiɓe aadaaji e batu ngu ɓe ndarni ngam fuɗɗoraade kaaldigal hakkunde Abacha e Abiola. Jaɓugo maako wallugo Abiola mettini Yoruba'en ɗuuɗɓe, jawdi Obasanjo haa lesdi Yoruba'en ɗon ƴama.Obasanjo mettini bee ko o yi'i bana jukkungo ngam o wallitaako nafuuda sectari'en Yoruba'en. E lewru marse 1995, Obasanjo ina wonnoo to leydi Danemark ngam tawtoreede batu Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe ngam ɓamtaare renndo to Kopenhag. Nde o woni ton, o nani Yar'Adua nanngaama, malla o heɓan bana non to o warti Naajeeriya. O wiyi noon o wiyi alaa ko o waɗi, o felliti hootde. Waɗi sahaa gooto to Aeroport Lagos, passport makko nanngaa, janngo mum, polis ƴetti mo e galle makko Ota. Polis tuumi Obasanjo ina jokkondiri e kuudetaa mo Abacha waɗi, mo kolonel Lawan Gwadabe yuɓɓini. Obasanjo nawtaama hakkunde nokkuuji deentorɗi ceertuɗi, tawi gonnooɗo hooreejo leydi Amerik hono Carter e hoore mum jokkondirii e Abacha ngam ɗaɓɓude yo Obasanjo woppe. Ndeen Obasanjo artiraama to Ota, o waɗtaa e kasoo fotde lebbi ɗiɗi, e nder ɗuum o haɗaama heɓde jaayɗe, telefoŋ, walla njilluuji. Goɗɗo e tuumaaɗo wonde ina jeyaa e kuudetaa oo, hono Kolonel RSB Bello-Fadile, awokaa konu, ina wondi e caɗeele, e nder ɗuum o siifondiri e bayyinaango wonde o yahiino to Ota ngam humpitaade Obasanjo ko fayti e kuudetaa oo no woniri e peewnugol. Ɗum huutoraama ngam seedeeji ngam ñaawde Obasanjo e suuɗde fenaande, ko ɗum huunde nde sariyaaji leydi Najeriya mbaɗi.Ndeen o nawaama to nokku naamne kisal leydi ndii to Ikoyi. Abacha wiyi yo Obasanjo ñaawe e yeeso ñaawirdu konu, ñaawirdu nduu waɗi ñalnde 19 suwee 1995. E nder ñaawoore ndee, Obasanjo yedditii wonde RSB Bello-Fadile meeɗaa hawrude e makko. RSB Bello-Fadile kadi hollitii wonde o siifondirii e bayyinaango ngo Obasanjo jogori waɗde e dow doole, kono ñaawirdu nduu saliima ndeeɗoo ruttaade. Ñalnde 14 sulyee, ñaawirde ndee ñaawi Obasanjo duuɓi 25 kasoo ; Yar'Adua e woɗɓe sappo e nayo kadi tuumaaɗo wonde e nder fedde nde, ñaawaama warngo.Obasanjo caggal ɗuum noddi ɗum "ñalngu mum ɓurngu mettude". Caggal nde hooreejo leydi Amerik biyeteeɗo Bill Clinton holliti wonde leydi mum ina jogori haɗde petroŋ leydi Naajeeriya so tawii ɗeen warngooji mbaɗii, Abacha wayli ñaawoore maɓɓe, o ustii ñaawoore Obasanjo haa duuɓi 15. == Kasoo: 1995-1998 == Obasanjo waɗi lebbi nay garooji ɗii ko e nokku biyeteeɗo Ikoyi Centre, ɗo o fuɗɗii nanngeede e nder kasoo gooto. Ndeen o nawaama to kasoo mawɗo Lagos, Kirikiri, ɗo o woni e opitaal kasoo ngam rafi hipertension e jabet. Sarɗiiji Kirikiri ina keewi, ina ŋakki, Obasanjo wiyi wonde « yiɗaa ɗum e gaño am ɓurɗo bonde ». Ko ɗoon RSB Bello-Fadile ñaagii Obasanjo yaafuya sabu mum ƴattaade ɗum, Obasanjo yaafni ɗum. Ndeen winndannde nde RSB Bello-Fadile winndi ngam humpitaade ngonka kaa, yaltinaama e kasoo, yaltinaa, wallitii hollirde wonde Obasanjo alaa ko o waɗi. Caggal jonte keewɗe, Obasanjo e woɗɓe tuumaaɓe waɗde fedde ndee, njaltinaama to kasoo Jos to diiwaan hakkundeejo, to diiwaan Plateau ɗo ɓe ngoni lebbi keewɗi. Obasanjo fuɗɗinoo hokkaama tan ko Biibal e Quraana ngam janngude, kono seeɗa-seeɗa o acci binndi ɓurɗi yaajde. Binndol kadi ina rokka mo, ina addana mo jokkondirde e yimɓe e juɓɓule ceertuɗe, haa jooni Stella ina jaɓa yillaade mo lewru kala laawol gootol. Mandelaa e Pape Jean Paul II fof noddii yo o woppe, tawi noon sosiyeteeji Inndo e Almaañ fof ina ndokki mo njeenaaje winndereeje.Forum ardorde Afrik yaltinii defte ɗiɗi ɓataakeeji e binndanɗe binndaaɗe ngam teddinde mo ; Forum oo e hoore mum dogiino ummoraade Accra to Ganaa ngam daɗde e tooñanngeeji laamu Abacha. E fuɗɗoode hitaande 1996, Obasanjo ummiima Jos, fayti e kasoo ɓurɗo woɗɗude to Yola, to diiwaan Adamawa. Ko ɗoon o jaɓaa remde gesa.[194] Obasanjo hollitii wonde e nder kasoo o ɓeydii luggiɗde e goonɗinal makko e Kerecee’en, o ɓadtii Alla,[194] o wonti Kerecee’en jibinaaɗo.[195] Gila ndeen, diine kerecee en ina joginoo darnde ɓurnde mawnude e nder yi’annde makko aduna. To Yola, o waajii 28 waaju yontere kala caggal nde jaagorɗe njilluuji ndartinaa e wakkati seeɗa. O winndi ɗeen waajuuji, o acci ɗi njaltina nde o yalti.[195] Obasanjo kadi etinooma moƴƴinde yoga e sukaaɓe kasoo, rewrude e yahrude yeeso maɓɓe nde o wonti neɗɗo dimo.[196] Obasanjo hulii wonde maa o tooke, haa teeŋti noon e nder haalaaji renndo wonde maayde Yar'adua ko tooke anniya.[197] Abacha sankii ɗoon e ɗoon e lewru suwee 1998, caggal ɗuum komanndaaji konu nguu toɗɗii Seneraal Major Abdulsalaami Abubakar lomto makko. Yontere caggal mum, Abubakar yamiri yo Obasanjo woppe, o neldi laana ndiwoowa ngam artirde mo to Ota.[197] E yiɗde wartirde leydi Naajeeriya e laamu siwil, Abubakar fusi lanndaaji e juɓɓule leydi ndi gonɗe heen ɗee, o anndini peeje ɗe ngaddanta hooreejo leydi siwil toɗɗaade e lewru mee 1999.[198] == Kampaañ ngam suɓaade hooreejo leydi : 1998-1999 == Jooni ko o neɗɗo dimo, Obasanjo yahiino Afrik worgo, Angalteer, e Amerik, ɗo o safraa.[199] Lanndaaji politik kesi ina mbaɗa e nder leydi Najeriya, gooto e ɓurɓe mawnude e majji ko lannda Demokaraasi Leƴƴi (PDP), fedde nde yiɗnoo ko yaajde no feewi, so tawii ko e laamu, nde haɗata kuudetaaji garooji.[199] Terɗe PDP mawɗe ndartinii Obasanjo ngam wonde kanndidaa hooreejo leydi. Ɓe cikkatnoo ko omo waawi yamirde teddungal winnderewal, kadi ko o neɗɗo militeer, omo waawi jogaade leydi ndii e dow kuudetaaji garooji e dille seertuɗe. Ɓe mbi'i kadi Naajeeriya ɗon mari haaje hooreejo lesdi fombina ngam foondugo ardungal maako arandewal haa woyla, nden Obasanjo holli hoore maako bana fombina mo walaa ƴamol dow fombina.[200] Sehilaaɓe e ɓesngu ina mbiya yo o dog, mbiyi o bonnat innde makko moƴƴere walla o wara. Obasanjo hollitii wonde o saliima, kono ñalnde 28 lewru nduu o naati e lannda PDP, yontere caggal ɗuum o hollitii wonde o woni ko e waɗde hoore makko ngam wonde kanndidaa hooreejo lannda ka.[201] E nder kampaañ makko, o teeŋtinii yiɗde makko artirde ko o sikki ko ndonu laamu moƴƴu nde o yalti e laamu e hitaande 1979.[202] E nder dingiral mooftugol kaalis, o dañii N356 miliyoŋ, heen N120 miliyoŋ ko njulaagu Aliko Dangote rokki ɗum. Ko ɓuri heewde e ɗeen dokke ummorii ko e worɓe militeer en e njuɓɓudi njulaagu kesiri.[202] O yilliima leydi ndii, o waɗii konnguɗi e ɗaɓɓude heɗtiiɓe e yimɓe teeŋtuɓe ; ƴamde guwerneeruuji dowlaaji ko huunde maantiniinde e mbaadi makko.[203] Kampaañ makko ina ɓuuɓna kampaañ makko mawɗo, hono Alex Ekwueme, mo yimɓe worgo e konu nguu ngoongɗinaani no feewi.[204] PDP ina heɓa leydi e nder leydi Najeriya, ina hollita wonde ko kañum woni lannda ɓurka waawde e nder wooteeji laamu nokkuuji ɗii e lewru Duujal 1998, e wooteeji diiwaanuuji ɗii e lewru Yarkomaa 1999, e wooteeji Senaa e suudu sarɗiiji e lewru Feebariyee 1999.[205] Ñalnde 14 feebariyee 1999, batu PDP noddaa ngam suɓaade kanndidaa mum to hooreejo leydi. Obasanjo heɓi 1 658 woote, Ekwueme heɓi 521, e kanndidaaji joy keddiiɗi ɗii 260.[206] E ɗaɓɓude neɗɗo worgo ngam wonde cukko hooreejo leydi PDP, Obasanjo suɓii Atiku Abubakar.[207] Woote hooreleydaagu mbaɗi ko ñalnde 27 feebariyee ; Ko Olu Falae mo APP tan woni luutndiiɗo Obasanjo. Fotde feccere e fotɓe suɓaade ɓee mbaɗii noon, won heen ko fenaande hay so tawii alaa ko bonnata. Taƴre laawɗunde ndee rokkii Obasanjo 63% e wooteeji ɗii ; ko kanko woni majjuɗo e nder dowlaaji jeegom ɗii fof e nder leydi makko Yoruba.[208] == Hooreejo leydi (1999-2007) == == Manndaa gadano (1999-2003) == == Siile hooreejo leydi Naajeeriya == Caggal nde o riiwti ɗum, Obasanjo naati e nder galle hooreejo leydi to Aso Rock e lewru mee 1999 caggal nde o hunni hooreejo leydi to Eagle Square to Abuja.[209] Nde o toɗɗii laamu maako kesu, o suɓi ministaajo ɗuuɗɗum diga woylaare lesdi Naajeeriya, koo ngam ko ɓuri ɗuuɗugo nder maɓɓe woni Kirista'en, ɗum mettini woɓɓe juulɓe woylaare lesdi Naajeeriya. Ɓeen ñiŋooɓe ina keewi sifaade wonde kabine Obasanjo ina ɓooyi no feewi, ina ŋakkiraa humpito, haa teeŋti noon so tawii ko e geɗe faggudu.[210] E nder laamu makko gadano, toɓɓe ndimaagu ɗe Naajeeriya’en keɓata ɓeydii; ndimaagu jaayndeeji ina addana hooreejo leydi ndi ñiŋde no feewi.[211] E nder lebbi gadani laamu makko, Obasanjo woppii fotde 200 ofisee militeer, tawi heen 93 fof ina njogii jappeere politik, ɗum noon ko kuudetaa mo ofiseeji keewɗi humpito mbaɗata ina famɗi.[209] O ummini kadi ministeer defansiyoŋ gila Lagos haa Abuja, ngam tabitinki ɗum waddaama les njiimaandi laamu ɓurndi laaɓtude.[209] == Manndaa ɗiɗaɓo (2003-2007) == Obasanjo suɓaama kadi e woote 2003 ɗe njuumtaani, tawi ina waɗi caɗeele leƴƴi e diineeji. Gaño makko mawɗo, gonnooɗo laamɗo konu Seneraal Muhammadu Buhari, ko juulɗo, o heɓi ballal makko ko ɓuri heewde ko e fuɗnaange. Obasanjo heɓi 61,8% e woote ɗe, o fooli Buhari ko ɓuri miliyoŋaaji 11 woote.[212] E lewru noowammbar 2003, Obasanjo ñiŋaama sabu kuulal mum rokkude asilo hooreejo leydi Liberiya, hono Charles Taylor.[213] Ñalnde 12 lewru juko hitaande 2006, o siifondiri nanondiral Greentree e hooreejo leydi Kameruun Paul Biya nanondiral ngal joofniri luural keeri hakkunde duunde Bakassi.[214] Hay so tawii Senaa leydi Najeriya ƴettii kuulal ngam wiyde wonde ittugol konu leydi Najeriya e nder duunde Bakassi ko huunde nde fotaani, Obasanjo rokki yamiroore nde jokkata no haanirta nii.[215] E manndaa makko ɗiɗaɓo, Obasanjo jokki e daranaade yaajnude doole polis leydi ndii, haa arti noon e 325 000 polis e hitaande 2007.[216] Fitinaaji laddeeji jokkuɗi hakkunde juulɓe e kerecee en e nder diiwaan Plateau addani Obasanjo bayyinde toon laamu nguu e lewru mee 2004, o dartini laamu diiwaan oo, o darni laamu konu lebbi jeegom.[217] Ñalnde 22 lewru nduu hitaande 2005, guwerneer diiwaan Abia e oon sahaa, hono Orji Uzor Kalu, rokki EFCC ɗaɓɓaande ngam tuumaade wonde Obasanjo waɗii golle bonɗe.[218] == Ajenda manndaa tataɓo == Obasanjo ina wondi e luural ko fayti e « Agenda mum tataɓo » , woni peeje ngam waylude doosgal leydi ndii mbele omo waawa jogaade manndaa tataɓo, duuɓi nay, e gardagol leydi ndii. Ɗum waɗii ƴamol nder jaayndeeji siyaasaaku nder Naajeeriya, nden boo kuugal ngal jaɓaaka nder Asamblee lesdi.[219][220] Ko ɗum waɗi Obasanjo woppi laamu caggal wooteeji gardagol leydi e lewru abriil 2007.[221] E nder yeewtere hesere nde o waɗdunoo e teleeji Channels, Obasanjo saliima jeyeede e ko wiyetee « Ajenda tataɓo ». O wi'i ɗum Asamblee lesdi Naajeeriya ɗon mari limngal limngal limngal limngal lesdi Naajeeriya. Obasanjo wiyi : "mi meeɗaa fiyde miijo manndaa tataɓo."[222] == Ajenda manndaa tataɓo == Obasanjo ina wondi e luural ko fayti e « Agenda mum tataɓo » , woni peeje ngam waylude doosgal leydi ndii mbele omo waawa jogaade manndaa tataɓo, duuɓi nay, e gardagol leydi ndii. Ɗum waɗii ƴamol nder jaayndeeji siyaasaaku nder Naajeeriya, nden boo kuugal ngal jaɓaaka nder Asamblee lesdi.[219][220] Ko ɗum waɗi Obasanjo woppi laamu caggal wooteeji gardagol leydi e lewru abriil 2007.[221] E nder yeewtere hesere nde o waɗdunoo e teleeji Channels, Obasanjo saliima jeyeede e ko wiyetee « Ajenda tataɓo ». O wi'i ɗum Asamblee lesdi Naajeeriya ɗon mari limngal limngal limngal limngal lesdi Naajeeriya. Obasanjo wiyi : "mi meeɗaa fiyde miijo manndaa tataɓo."[222] Obasanjo ñaawaama e juuɗe mawɓe politik e nder sagata Agenda manndaa tataɓo. Senator Ken Nnamani, hooreejo suudu joonde diidaaɗi lesdi Naajeeriya, wi'i Obasanjo anndini mo dow ajendaaji ɗin ɓaawo o laati hooreejo suudu joonde diidaaɗi lesdi Naajeeriya. O wiyi : "Ɗoon e ɗoon, ngon-mi hooreejo senaa, o haalani mi anniya makko, o haalani mi no o yiɗiri heɓde ɗum. Miin e fuɗɗoode mi ƴettataa mo no feewi haa kewuuji ɗii puɗɗii feeñde." O hollitii kadi wonde Miliyaaruuji jeetati (8) Naira njaltinaama ngam wallitde depiteeji ɗii ngam wallitde ajendaaji ɗii, o naamndii : « hol no neɗɗo waawirta haalde nii tawa o anndaa ɗum, tee kaalis, e kaalis leydi ndii e kaalis leydi ndii fof, ina wayla juuɗe ». Femi Gbajabiamila tabbitini haala Nnamani ammaa o waɗi limngal man feere-feere, o wi'i: "Kaalis man hawti bee miliyaaruuji N10. Hol no N10bn wurtinirtee nder ceede lesdi ngam eɓɓoore nde a woni hooreejo jooɗiiɗo, ammaa nden eɓɓoore laataaki miijo ma? Toy ceede man iwdi?" E nder haalaaji garooji ɗii, Nnamani wiyi wonde hooreejo leydi Amerik hono George W. Bush jeertinii Obasanjo nde woppataa peeje mum ngam tawtoreede woote gardagol leydi e manndaa tataɓo. O wiyi : "so aɗa yiɗi hoolkisaade wonde gorko oo ina haala fenaande tan, ƴettu deftere nde Condoleezza Rice, gonnooɗo jaagorgal leydi Amerik winndi. Ko goonga ko deftere nde Rice winndi. E hello 628 walla hello 638, o yeewtidii e Obasanjo, no o yiɗiri hawrude e hooreejo leydi Ameriknaajo oo, no o yiyri hooreejo leydi Ameriknaajo oo ina waawi waylude doosgal leydi ndii mbele omo waawa yahde e manndaa tataɓo, Bush wiyi mo yo o woppu ɗum, o yalta haa ñalnde 29 mee 2007."[223] == Politik faggudu, renndo e caggal leydi == == Politik faggudu == == Obasanjo e wondude e laamɗo leydi Iran e hitaande 1999 == E ngalu petrol, Obasanjo sosi Komitiiru Ƴellitaare Delta Niger, o huutorii Porogaraam Jaŋde leslesre winndereyankoore ngam ɓeydude jaŋde leslesre Naajeeriya. O sosi Komiseer keeriiɗo toppitiiɗo golle bonɗe e Komiseer toppitiiɗo bonanndeeji faggudu e kaalis. Wuurtinii Sosiyetee ngenndiijo njulaagu to Kaduna e (Onne) Port Harcourt. Obasanjo ɓeydi geɗal njoɓdi petroŋ e renndo to dowla iwdi mum gila e 3 haa 13 e nder teemedere.[224] Ko adii laamu Obasanjo, ɓeydagol PIB leydi Nijeer ina muusi no feewi gila 1987, tee ina jokki tan e 3% hakkunde 1999 e 2000. Kono, e laamu Obasanjo, ɓeydagol ngol ɓeydiima fotde laabi ɗiɗi haa 6% haa o woppi laamu, tawi noon ina walliti ɗum e feccere e ɓeydagol coggu petroŋ. Resooji leydi Naajeeriya ko ɓuri miliyaaruuji ɗiɗi dolaar e hitaande 1999 haa miliyaaruuji 43 dolaar nde ɓe njalti laamu e hitaande 2007.[225] O dañii yaafuya ñamaale e fedde Pari e Londres fotde 18 miliyaar dolaar, o yoɓi kadi 18 miliyaar dolaar goɗɗo ngam woppude ñamaale. Ko vuri heewde e ziin njovdiiji mooftaama e njovdi njulaagu juutndi e nder yontere nde. (Toɓɓere feewnitagol). Ko ɓuri heewde e ɗeen ñamaale mooftaama wonaa e fenaande kono ko e yontaaji 1982–85 nde Naajeeriya huutorii laamu toppitiingu mbayliigu nguu, ngu rokki denndaangal njulaagu nguu e banke mawɗo leydi Nijeer. Nde Obasanjo heɓi laamu, faggudu leydi Najeriya wonnoo ko e caɗeele. Inflation ina yahra e 30% e hitaande e nder kitaale 1990 fof, e hitaande 2001 fotde 20% e mawɓe leydi Najeriya ina ngala golle.[226] Baasal ina yaaji, laamu Obasanjo ina yiɗi ustude ɗum e yoɓde N3,500 lewru kala fotde 200,000 neɗɗo ngam waɗde golle gaadoraaɗe ko wayi no ɓuuɓnude e moƴƴinde laabi.[226] Ndeen eɓɓoore lomtinaama e Porogaraam ngenndiijo ngam haɓaade baasal, jowitiingal e ƴellitde golle sukaaɓe, e njuɓɓudi teeru, e reende.[226] E hitaande 2000, laamu Obasanjo ɓeydi njoɓdi ɓurndi famɗude ndi sariya yamiri ndii laabi ɗiɗi.[227] O noddi Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe (FMI) ngam ƴeewtaade faggudu leydi Najeriya e rokkude wasiyaaji no moƴƴiri ɗum;[228] ɓe njeertinii wonde laamu nguu ina heewi ñamlude.[227] E hitaande 2001, Obasanjo hollitii hoore mum "ko o goongɗinɗo njuɓɓudi luumo", o hollitii wonde o yiyii bonneede ko "njuɓɓudi bonndi e nder sekteer laamu" addani mo.[229] Kono, nde o holliti darnde makko e nanondiral Washington ngam luumooji rimɗi, e privatisation, e ŋakkeende ngalu laamu, ngalu laamu nguu e feccere PIB ɓeydiima gila e 29% e hitaande 1997 haa 50% e hitaande 2001.[229] E lewru Yarkomaa hitaande 2000, Naajeeriya heɓi nyamande miliyaaruuji 1 dolaar Amerik, ko ɗum addani laamu nguu naatde e kaaldigal ngam waylude ñamaale mum e ñamaale mum.[228] Laamu Obasanjo naftoriima coggu petroŋ toowngu e nder winndere ndee e manndaa mum gadano. Nde anniyii kadi ɓeydude petroŋ leydi Naajeeriya e ɓeydude keewal gaasuuji ɓuuɓɗi, ɗi puɗɗii yaltineede e leydi ndii e hitaande 1999.[230] Obasanjo fellitii momtude ballal petroŋ, ɓeyda coggu nguu haa yettoo tolno njulaagu. Kongres gollooɓe leydi Naajeeriya noddi seppo mawngo ngam seppude ngam salaade lewru Juko hitaande 2000 e Obasanjo sakkitii, o ustii ballal ngal, wonaa ittude ngal. Ngolɗoo ngonka addani Obasanjo hollirde wonde ko "gaño miskineeɓe" e miijo renndo.[231] Ngam ɓeydude ustude njoɓdi, Obasanjo wayliima e privatisation, o sosi Diiso ngenndiijo ko faati e privatisation e lewru sulyee 1999. Nde o heɓi laamu, laamu fedde nde ina joginoo 588 sosiyetee laamu, tawi ko ina tolnoo e 55% e ñamaale caggal leydi, Obasanjo ina yaakorii wonde ko heewi e ɗeen, hay so tawii noon ɗe mbaawaa wonde in2. Privatization yiɗaama e yimɓe leydi Najeriya, ko 35% tan ɓe keɓi ballal e wiyde wiɗto miijo hitaande 2000.[233] Obasanjo kadi ina yiɗi kaaldigal ngam ustude ñamaale.[234] O hollitii wonde ñamaale leydi Naajeeriya ina keewi no feewi, ina mbonna faggudu mum e demokaraasi mum. Hay so tawii Kanadaa, Itali e Amerik ndartinii ñamaale leydi Nijeer, ɗeen ñamaale ina pamɗi, ñamaale mawɗe leydi ndii, ɓurɗe mawnude heen ko Angalteer, njaɓaani.[235] Obasanjo ɗon tuuma caɗeele faggudu lesdi Naajeeriya ɗuuɗɗe dow fenaande;[236] nder hitaande 2000, fedde Transparency International limti ɗum lesdi ɓurdundi fenaande nder duniyaaru.[229] Balɗe seeɗa caggal nde o heɓi laamu o hollitii kuulal ngam haɓaade fenaande to Asaambele ngenndi, hay so tawii noon ɗum jibinii luulndaare mawnde e juuɗe ñaawooɓe cikkatnooɓe ko ɗum rokki laamu nguu doole ɓurɗe heewde. Nanondiral waɗii ngam ustude eɓɓooje Obasanjo, addani mo siynude sariya keso oo e lewru suwee 2000.[236] Alaa ko holliti wonde njulaagu ustiima e nder leydi Najeriya e nder manndaa Obasanjo gadano, laamu makko waɗaani hay huunde ngam ƴeewtaade njulaagu nguu e nder leydi Najeriya, ngu yaaji e nder laamuuji diiwaan e laamuuji nokkuuji.[229] Obasanjo ina wondi e hooreejo leydi Riisi Valadimir Putin to Kremlin e hitaande 2001 Cellal renndo kadi ko huunde tiiɗnde e nder leydi Nijeer. E nder kitaale 1990, Naajeeriya ina yoɓnoo fotde 0,2% e PIB mum ngam wallitde cellal renndo, ko ɗum woni ko ɓuri famɗude e winndere ndee. Laamu Obasanjo ɓeydi ɗum haa ko ɓuri 0,4%.[237] Caɗeele cellal ɓurɗe yaawde toɗɗaade leydi Najeriya ko ñawu VIH/SIDA, Obasanjo yamiri ɗoon e ɗoon ciimtol ngonka e dow toɓɓere ndee caggal nde o heɓi laamu.[237] Ndeen o sosi Goomu Hooreejo leydi ngam haɓaade SIDA, ngu o ardii, o sosi Goomu Pewnugol Golle Ngenndiije ngam yuɓɓinde kampaañ 2000–03, jowitiingo e bayyinaango, heblo, wasiyaaji, e jarribooji ngam haɓaade mboros o. Ngam yahduki yeeso ngam njamu jama'aare, o fuɗɗi kampaniire kesum ngam hurgugo ceede laamu lesdi Naajeeriya ngam etaade nyiɓugo suudu nyawndiigu nder kala nokkure 774 laamu lesdi Naajeeriya == Politik caggal leydi == Obasanjo e Donald Rumsfeld to Pentagon e hitaande 2001 Ina jeyaa e golle Obasanjo mawɗe, ɗe o heɓi heen, moƴƴitinde innde leydi Nijeer e nder winndere ndee, nde o bonni e laamu Abacha. O waɗii ko ina ɓura feccere e manndaa makko gadano caggal leydi, o yilliima leyɗeele 92 haa e lewru oktoobar 2002. E lewru oktoobar 1999, Obasanjo sosi Goomu (Commission Bi-National) hakkunde Afrik worgo e Niiseer ngam yeewtidde e gollondiral hakkunde leyɗeele ɗiɗi ɗee, ɓurɗe mawnude e Afrik worgo Saharaa. Obasanjo jokki jokkindiral Naajeeriya bee U.S., o waddi walliinde U.S. ngam wallugo janngirde sooje'en Naajeeriya. O jokkondirii no feewi e hooreejo leydi Amerik biyeteeɗo Bill Clinton, o jokkondiri kadi e lomto Clinton, hono George W. Bush ; Bush yilliima Abuja e hitaande 2003, Obasanjo yilliima Wasinton e hitaande 2006.[240] E jokkude jokkondiral ɓurngal welde e U.K. ko ɓuri ko o joginoo e kitaale 1970, o tawtoraama batu makko gadano Commonwealth e lewru Noowammbar 1999, o jaɓɓi ɗum e lewru Duujal 2003, ɗo o heɓi njeenaari teddungal e juuɗe laamɗo debbo Biritaan biyeteeɗo Elizabeth II.[240] Nde Obasanjo heɓi laamu, o huninooma ittude konu leydi Najeriya e leydi Siyeraa Leyoon. E lewru ut 1999, o hollitii limre ngam ɓe ngurtina, hay so tawii noon ɗum dartinaama nde konu jam ONU moofti, ngu Nijeer rokki ɗum 4000 soldaat. Ndee doole yalti ko e hitaande 2005.[241] E nder jiiɓru to leydi Liberia, Obasanjo yamiri konu leydi Nijeer yo naata leydi ndii e lewru ut 2003 ; ɓe njalti e komanndaaji ONU lebbi ɗiɗi caggal ɗuum.[240] Obasanjo hokki Charles Taylor, hooreejo lesdi Liberiya, mo laamu mum woppi, o hokka mo haa lesdi Naajeeriya, koo ngam ɓaawo man o warti mo haa lesdi Liberiya ngam o ɗon ƴama mo ngam warhoore konu dow ƴamol hooreejo lesdi Liberiya keso, Ellen Johnson Sirleaf.[242] E yiɗde haɗude Naajeeriya yaltude e hareeji nder leydi ɗi yimɓe njiɗaa, o salii ɗaɓɓaande konu Naajeeriya ngam tawtoreede naatgol ECOMOG e nder wolde hakkunde leyɗeele Gine-Bisaawo e golle jam 2002 to Kodduwaar. E ɗaɓɓaande Angalteer, o walli e nanondiral hakkunde laamu Zimbaabwee mo Robert Mugabe, ngam hirjinde laamu nguu e ƴettude gese ɗe ɓaleeɓe jeyi e dow fenaande. O wondi e hooreejo leydi Afrik worgo hono Thabo Mbeki e gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi Ostarali John Howard, o jeyaa ko e fedde nde Commonwealth halfinaa ngam haɓaade Zimbaabwee.[243] Obasanjo e Mbeki njilliima Zimbaabwee laabi tati ngam golloraade dipolomasi deeƴɗo, kono ɓe keɓaani heen nafoore, ɓe mbiya Mugabe yo woppu laamu walla sosde laamu renndinde laamu e luulndiiɓe Mouvement pour le changement démocratique.[239] == Haɓde e jiiɓru leƴƴi e diineeji == Bush ina yeewtida e Obasanjo e nder batu G8 to Farayse, lewru suwee 2003 Caggal nde Obasanjo suɓaa, nokku ɗo sariyaaji lislaam ngoni ɗoo, wonti jeewte mawɗe e nder politik leydi Najeriya. Gila leydi ndii heɓi jeytaare mum, sharia ina jokki e ñaawde siwil hakkunde juulɓe wonɓe e dowlaaji worgo ɗii ; ñaawooɓe bonanndeeji ɗii laawɗinaaka e sariyaaji sharia, huunde nde mettini won e juulɓe.[244] E lewru suwee 1999, guwerneer diiwaan Zamfara, hono Ahmed Sani, hollitii naatgol timmungol shari’a e nder oon diiwaan, hay so tawii noon o hollitii wonde ɗum jogori huutoreede tan ko e hoɗɓe e juulɓe, wonaa e yimɓe ɓe ngonaa lislaam en. Ɗuum waɗi kulhuli nder yimɓe Kirista'en pamari nder woyla lesdi Naajeeriya, bee seppooji e seppooji feere-feere ɗon ngadda fitinaaji, haa fahin haa Kaduna.[244] Across Nigeria, Christian opinion was very hostile to the introduction of sharia as the basis of state penal systems.[245] Suudu Asaambele ngenndi ndii fof ina ɗaɓɓi e Obasanjo nde nawtata haala kaa to Ñaawirde Toownde.[245] O yiɗiino woppude ɗum, o yiɗaa darnde shari’a wonta huunde doosgal.[246] E nder renndo o yiɗiino seerndude ko o inniri "sharia goonga" e "sharia politik", o yetti arano oo, o wiyi wonde ɗiɗaɓo oo ko fad mo fizzle out.[245] Nde o salii naatde heen, Obasanjo heɓi ñiŋooje sabu ŋakkeende cuusal e juuɗe yimɓe heewɓe to bannge worgo, juulɓe tiiɗɓe to bannge worgo ina ƴattoo mo.[246] E nder ɗaɓɓaande yimɓe heewɓe ummoraade e renndooji juulɓe, dowlaaji nay goɗɗi to bannge worgo ƴettii sariya kuuɓtodinɗo sharia e hitaande 2000 e jeeɗiɗi goɗɗi e hitaande 2001. Obasanjo caggal ɗuum hollitii wonde haala kaa ko caɗeele ɓurɗe mawnude ɗe o meeɗi dañde e wonde hooreejo leydi.[246] Nde Obasanjo heɓi laamu, o hulɓinii no feewi nde tawnoo leydi Najeriya ina wondi e caɗeele e fitinaaji keewɗi, tawi ko ujunnaaje ujunnaaje maayɓe. Ndee ɗoo bonannde ina ɓeydoo saɗtude sabu ɓeydagol yimɓe ina ɓeydoo yaawde, ɗum addani ɗum ɓeydagol nguleeki weeyo e pottital ngam heɓde leydi ŋakkundi e nder gure teeru.[216] Ngam haɓaade ɗum, Obasanjo ɓeydii polis leydi ndii fotde laabi ɗiɗi, gila e 120 000 haa 240 000 hakkunde 1999 e 2003.[216] Ko seeɗa waɗaa ngam haɓaade bonanndeeji polis, tawi noon torlaaji tuumaaɗo ina keddii e yaajde e laamu Obasanjo.[211] Kadi ko ɓeydi fitinaaji ɗii ko jokkere enɗam hakkunde leƴƴi, e pelle leƴƴi e diiwanuuji ceertuɗi ina ɗaɓɓi ndimaagu ɓurngu mawnude, ɗum addani yeewtooɓe heewɓe teskaade ƴaañgol leydi Naajeeriya. Wonande Obasanjo, jogaade leydi ngootiri wonti huunde mawnde.[247] Ko e sahaaji cuɓaaɗi tan o ruttotoo e konu ngam ustude jiiɓru, o ɓuri yiɗde ko waasde mooftude konu so wonaa tawa guwerneeruuji dowlaaji ɗii ina ɗaɓɓi ɗum.[248] E nder konngol makko, "en poti huutoraade doole konu tan so tawii ko heddii koo fof ronkii. Ko cfuum woni miijo am e filosof am."[249] O yi'i nafoore mawnde e yaafuya, e yaafuya, e nanondiral ngam he6de nanondiral, wonaa e 6amtaare ñaawoore warngooji bacfcfi.[250] E laamu Obasanjo, darnde fitinaaji e jiiɓru nder leydi Naajeeriya ustii.[249] == Olusẹgun Obasanjo e hooreejo leydi Beresiil Lula da Silva 2005 == Ko ɓuri heewde e miijooji ceertuɗi ko e diiwaan Delta Niiseer, ɗo pelle koɗdiiɗe ɗee njiɗnoo jogaade ko ɓuri heewde e ngalu keɓaaɗo e nokkuuji petroŋ keewɗi ngalu. E lewru sulyee 1999, Obasanjo neldi Asaambele ngenndi kuulal ngam sosde Komiseer ƴellitaare Delta Niiseer ngam siynude e huutoraade peeje ngam haɓaade diiwaan oo, huunde nde o sikki ina waawi ustude fitinaaji toon. E nder jeewte keewɗe, komisiyoŋ oo fuɗɗii ko e lewru Duujal 2000.[251] E lewru noowammbar 1999, o neldi kadi bataliyoŋaaji ɗiɗi konu e nder diiwaan Delta Niiseer ngam nanngude sukaaɓe Asawana, fedde Ijaw en nannguɓe e warde poliseeɓe to Odi, to diiwaan Bayelsa. Militeer en mbonni ko ɓuri heewde e wuro ngoo ; laamu ngu wi'i 43 mbaraama, ammaa ONG nokkuure nde'e waɗi limngal maayɓe siwil'en 2,483.[252] Obasanjo siftinii halkaare ndee wonde « ina waawi rewde » e « ina metti » , o yilliima Odi e lewru marse 2001 ; o salii ñaawde konu nguu, o ñaagii yaafuya ngam halkaare nde, o yoɓi njoɓdi walla o mahdi wuro ngoo, hay so tawii noon Komiseer ƴellitaare Delta Niiseer waɗii ɗum.[249] E hitaande 2000, Obasanjo haɗi fedde Oodua Peoples Congress (OPC), fedde ngenndiyankoore Yoruba en, nde wonnoo ko e fitinaaji e leƴƴi goɗɗi, o yamiri yo ardiiɓe mayre nannge.[253] E lewru suwee 2001, fitinaaji hakkunde Kerecee’en ɓiɓɓe leydi ndii e njulaagu juulɓe to bannge worgo e nder diiwaan Plateau, waɗii fotde 500 maayɗo hade konu nguu naatde heen, heɓtude laamu. Ndeen Obasanjo yilliima, wiyi yo ɓe nanondiral. E lewru Oktoobar 2001, seppooɓe juulɓe to Kano mbari fotde 200 Igbo ngam jaabaade ballal Nijeer e bommbooji Amerik mbaɗi e Afganistaan. Ndeen Obasanjo yilliima ngam ɗaɓɓude nanondiral kono hoɗɓe ɓee boomi ɗum.[246] E lewru oktoobar kadi, soldateeɓe neldaama ngam deeƴnude jiiɓru hakkunde renndooji Jukun e Tiv en e keeri hakkunde diiwanuuji Benue e Taraba ; ndeen militeer en Tiv nanngi ɓe mbari ɓe to Zaki-Biam. Obasanjo yamiri konu nguu yo naata, ɓe ndartini, ɓe mbari fotde 250 haa 300 gorko nokku oo. Obasanjo yilliima nokku oo e hitaande 2002, o ñaagii yaafuya sabu huutoraade doole no feewi.[249] n lewru Yarkomaa 2002, Obasanjo yamiri polis mobbooji ɗii yo ndartin Bakassi Boys, fedde vigilante gollotoonde ko ɓuri heewde e nder diiwanuuji Abia e Anambra, nde waɗi ko ina tolnoo e ujunnaaje ɗiɗi warngooji. O sikkiino waɗde ɗum ko adii ɗuum sabu ballal yimɓe ɓe fedde nde heɓi e haɓde e fedde bonnde, kono o nanii o waawii yahrude yeeso e maɓɓe caggal nde yimɓe maɓɓe ustii.[254] E oon lewru kadi, nokku ɗo balɗe 100 000 ngoni ɗoo, to kaɓirɗe Ijeka, saraaji Lagos, yani, ina waawi addande ɗum en fotde ujunnaaje ujunnaaje neɗɗo maayɗo. Obasanjo yilliima ɗoon e ɗoon.[249] Fitinaaji bonɗi kadi ina njokki e nder wuro Lagos, e lewru feebariyee 2002, konu neldaa e nder wuro ngo ngam artirde deeƴre. E lewru abriil 2002, Obasanjo hollitii sariya baawɗo haɗude leƴƴi so tawii ina cikka ina mbaawi wallitde fitinaaji, kono njuɓɓudi laamu leydi ndii salii ɗum, sibu ko ɗum huunde ɓurnde toowde e laamu hooreejo leydi.[253] Won e ardiiɓe laamu hono hooreejo suudu sarɗiiji e hooreejo suudu sarɗiiji ina ngondi e caɗeele e hooreejo leydi ndii, o haɓaama e jarribooji keewɗi ngam ustude laamu e nder suuduuji ɗiɗi ɗii kala.[255] Obasanjo dañii daɗde e laamu, o toɗɗaa. == Caggal hooreejo leydi (2007–hannde) == == Politik == == Obasanjo e Robeer Mugaabe e hitaande 2013 == O wonti hooreejo fedde PDP, omo joginoo doole e nominaasiyoŋaaji ngam heɓde jappeere laamu haa e politik e peeje. No gooto e dipolomaat en Hirnaange wiyri nii, "O anniyaaki jooɗaade e jooɗorde passenger rokka wasiyaaji e hesɗitinde nanngude taayaare so tawii Naajeeriya yaltii e laawol."[256] O woppi golle hooreejo fedde PDP e lewru abriil 2012.[257] Caggal ɗuum, o yalti e golle politik e PDP. E lewru marse 2008, Obasanjo "ina sikkaa" ko goomu parlemaa Nijeer ñaawii ɗum sabu rokkude ɗum kaayitaaji semmbe fotde miliyaaruuji 2,2 dolaar e nder laamu mum duuɓi jeetati, tawi alaa ko o waɗi so wonaa laawol. Ciimtol ngol ɗoo wiɗto meeɗaa jaɓeede e nder parlemaa leydi Najeriya fof sabu manipulaasiyoŋ e golle ɗee fof e ardorde goomu wiɗto laamu nguu. Wonaa e winndannde laawɗunde wootere, mawɗo Obasanjo ñaawaama.[258] E lewru mee 2014, Obasanjo winndi hooreejo leydi Goodluck Jonathan ngam ɗaɓɓude yo o waɗtu hakkille e innde laamu leydi Najeriya ngam yoɓde sukaaɓe rewɓe Chibok ɓe fedde Boko Haram joginoo.[259] Ñalnde 16 feebariyee 2015, o woppi lannda laamu nguu, o yamiri hooreejo diiwaan PDP yo ƴettu kaayitaaji makko e nder yeewtere jaaynde.[260] O anndiraa caggal mum ko navigateur lannda luulndo keso sosaa, hono APC.[261] Ñalnde 24 lewru Yarkomaa hitaande 2018, o winndi hooreejo leydi ndi, hono Muhammadu Buhari, o hollitii nokkuuji ɗi o ŋakkiraa, o wasiyii mo nde o woppataa laamu e hitaande 2019.[262] Haa hannde denndaangal ɓataakeeji makko feewde e hooreeɓe leydi ndii ina adii njillu maɓɓe.[263] Ñalnde 31 lewru Yarkoma hitaande 2018, o fuɗɗi diɗɗal siyaasaaku bi'eteengal "Kawtal ngam Diɗɗal Naajeeriya" (CNM) haa Abuja.[264] Ñalnde 10 lewru mbooy hitaande 2018, dillere ndee ƴetti lannda politik, hono Kongres Demokaratik Afrik (ADC).[265] Ñalnde 20 noowammbar 2018, Obasanjo hollitii e dow laabi gartugol mum[266] e lannda luulndo mawngo, hono lannda Demokaraasi Leƴƴi (PDP) e nder udditgol deftere wiyeteende My Transition Hours, nde gonnooɗo hooreejo leydi ndii, hono Goodluck Jonathan winndi. Ñalnde 22 lewru bowte hitaande 2022, Obasanjo hollitii wonde o woppii politik partiiji, caggal nde o jaɓɓi depiteeji ngenndiiji lannda Demokaraasi Leƴƴi [PDP] to hoɗorde makko to Ota, to diiwaan Ogun, to leydi Nijeer[267] == Dipolomasi == Obasanjo toɗɗaa ko nulaaɗo keeriiɗo to leydi Konngo, to leydi Konngo, ndi wolde yani e mum. O waɗi batuuji ceertuɗi e gardiiɗo leydi RDC Joseph Kabila e gardiiɗo luulndiiɓe laamu nguu hono Laurent Nkunda. E nder wooteeji Zimbaabwee e lewru sulyee 2013, Obasanjo ardii delegaasiyoŋ ƴeewooɓe wooteeji Dental Afrik.[268] E hitaande 2022, Obasanjo waɗii hakkunde kaaldigal jam hakkunde laamu Ecoppi e fedde wiyeteende Tigre e les njiimaandi Dental Afrik, haa arti noon e dartagol wolde Tigre ñalnde 2 noowammbar 2022.[269] E hitaande 2025, Obasanjo toɗɗaama yo won hakkundeejo e nder renndo Afrik fuɗnaange e renndo ƴellitaare Afrik worgo e nder leydi Konngo e nder kampaañ M23 (2022–hannde).[270] == Jaŋde ɓeydaande == E lewru desaambar 2017, Obasanjo ƴetti doktoraa mum. tesis e nder diine to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde leydi Najeriya. == Miijo politik == To bannge miijooji, Obasanjo ko ngenndiyanke Najeriya.[27] O ɗon mari haaje yidde lesdi Naajeeriya e nuɗɗinki dow Naajeeriya foti jogaago lesdi-leydi woore, naa ngam senndindirki dow laabi lenyol.[275] E hitaande 2001, o hollitii wonde faandaare makko juutnde ko "moƴƴinde kala sifaa ɓiyleydaagu so wonaa ɓiyleydaagu leydi Nijeer". O wi'i ɓustugo lesdi Naajeeriya dow laabi le'i, ɗum waddan laɓɓinki le'i e fitinaaji ɗi yi'aama wakkati hareeji Yugoslawi nder kitaale 1990.[275] Iliffe wi'i Obasanjo'en lesdi Naajeeriya ɗon mari bawɗe ngam o wurti diga yimɓe mawɓe Yoruba'en e wakkati maako nder konu, haa o huwi bee sooje'en diga lenyol feere-feere.[27] Demokaraasi ina waawi waasde jogaade ƴellitaare faggudu yaawnde walla ngalu kono ko ɗum, ko famɗi fof, mbaadi laamu ɓurndi moƴƴude haa jooni, ndi addanta ko ɓuri heewde e yimɓe tawtoreede no haanirta nii e nder peeje e geɗe jowitiiɗe e laamu mum en. Demokaraasi ko cuɓal ngal laamɓe ɓuri yiɗde... E nder ngonka leydi Naajeeriya, demokaraasi ko kañum tan woni koolaaɗo kuuɓal baawɗo hawrude e pelle leslese ceertuɗe e nder leñol jogiingol daɗndo ngootaagu, potal e darnde wootere e nder dumunna. == — Olusegun Obasanjo ko faati e demokaraasi, hitaande 1990[276] == Iliffe hollitii wonde teeŋtinde politik nanondiral ko "kuulal gonngal dow ngal" e nder nguurndam Obasanjo fof.[68] Nde o woni e laamu e kitaale 1970, Obasanjo hollitii ñiŋooje makko e "luulndaare juɓɓule" e laamu nguu.[109] E miijo makko, ɗum "ina luurdi no feewi e ko ɓuri heewde e pinal e golle politik Afrik."[161] E nder nokkuuji ɗo o luulndii laamu nguu, o miijii wonde lanndaaji luulndiiɗi ɗii ina poti waɗde heen geɗe moƴƴe,[161] e wonde politikaaji ɗii ina poti jokkude njiylawu nanondiral, wonaa waɗde luural ko juuti. O sikki wonde pottital politik ina jogii batte cemmbinɗe, ɗe nganndu-ɗaa ina teskaa e leydi ƴellitoori hono Nijeer, kadi deeƴre ina foti reeneede.[109] Obasanjo ɗon wolwa haa batu hitaande 2014, kawtal Banki Afriknaajo ngam ɓamtaare lesdi Kigali Nde o mettini e ko o yi’i ko ina wona ŋakkeende laamu demokaraasi wakilaagu e nder fuɗɗoode kitaale 1980, Obasanjo fuɗɗii hollirde ballal mum e dowla gooto e nder leydi Najeriya. O wiyi noon wonde ooɗoo dowla gooto ina foti wallitde yimɓe fof e nder laamu, teddinde jojjanɗe aadee, e reende ndimaagu haalde.[161] Caggal mum e kitaale 1980, o jeertinii eɓɓaande dowla lanndaaji ɗiɗi ɗi Babangida ƴettunoo, o miijii wonde so Babangida ina miijo lannda hakkunde-nano e hakkunde-nyaamo ina kaɓa hakkunde mum en, alaa e sago ɗum ƴellitoo haa wonta lannda gooto lomtotooɗo Kerecee’en fuɗnaange, lannda goɗɗo oo lomtotooɗo juulɓe fuɗnaange][16]. O wi'i haa nokkuure nden o wi'i walaa keerol dow limngal lanndaaji siyaasaaku ɗi mbaawata sosde, koo ngam o wi'i to ɗum waawataa waɗugo nden Naajeeriya laatoto lesdi lannda woore.[161] E nder njiimaandi Dental Sowiyet e fuɗɗoode kitaale 1990 e yah-ngartaa caggal ɗuum feewde e politik lanndaaji keewɗi e nder Afrik, Obasanjo kadi wonti balloowo lanndaaji keewɗi == Jaɓɓungal e ndonu == Statue Olusegun Obasanjo to Owerri, diiwaan Imo, leydi Najeriya. John Iliffe siftinii Obasanjo wonde "tergal ɓurngal teeŋtude e yonta ɗiɗaɓo ardiiɓe Afrik jeyaaɓe e leydi ndii, ɓe ndarni koye mum en ngam semmbinde dowlaaji mum en caggal koloñaal".[275] O sikki ko geɗe nay mawɗe ɗe Obasanjo waɗi e laamu mum : o jokki e jogaade heen geɗel gootel e nder leydi ndii, o jokki e jogaade doole e nder leydi ndii, o wallitorii sosde Dental Afrik, o ustii ñamaale leydi ndii caggal leydi.[248] E lewru desaambar 1999, tolno jaɓgol makko ina tolnoo e 84% ; e hitaande 2001 ko 72% ; e lewru suwee 2003 nde ustii haa 39%.[234] Obasanjo ina tuumanoo laabi keewɗi fenaande e nder nguurndam mum fof, hay so tawii noon kanko e hoore makko o wiyi wonde golle makko ko goonga.[229] Ɓeen ñiŋooɓe Obasanjo ina cikki wonde caggal nde o nanngaa e kasoo e kitaale 1990, o ɓeydii faamde wonde ko o neɗɗo masiŋ, o woppii neɗɗaagu makko, o ɓeydii kadi tiiɗnaade e goongɗinde wonde ko ɗum woni darnde makko nde Alla yamiri ngam laamaade leydi Najeriya.[299] Ɓeen ñiŋooɓe Obasanjo ina cikki wonde o bonnii laamu, haa teeŋti noon e manndaa makko ɗiɗaɓo, o wonti ko miijo jogaade laamu haa abada.[282] E nder manndaa makko gadano e nder laamu, o dañii heen gaññeeje e banndiraaɓe makko Yoruba en, ɓe cikkatnoo ko o fotnoo waɗde ko ɓuri ɗum ngam ɓamtude nafooje leñol makko e nder laamu.[300] Caggal nde o nanngaa, Obasanjo wiyi wonde ñiŋooje ina kuutoree tan ngam tabitinde « goonga e haala am » e hollirde ñiŋooje makko « bonɗe e nder aduna dogɗo e bonɗo ».[299] == Defte ɗe obasanjo winndi == Watch am Volume 1: Nguurndam arano e konu Watch am Volume 2: Geɗe politik e renndo Watch am Volume 3: Jooni e ndeen == Yamiroore am == == Nzeogwu == Daaba Wiyeteeɗo Neɗɗo Fajiri Keso Thabo Mbeki mo anndi Afrik E Gite Patriot Waɗde Afrik ina golla: Deftere janngirnde Waɗde nanondiral e jokkondiral Amerik e Afrik: yeewtere joyaɓere nde David M. Abshire rokki, ñalnde 15 lewru Duujal hitaande 1987 == Afrik e nder Yiyngo == Ɓataakeeji ngam waylude aduna: Gila e Pankhurst haa e Orwell Wonaa Yiɗde am Golle Demokaraasi : Rewindaade politik ngam nafoore Afrik == Watch am == Caɗeele Ardorde e nder Afrik Gaañanɗe wolde : Coodguuli ƴellitaare e nder Sudaan worgo Ardiiɓe ngam duwaawu moƴƴo Caɗeele peewnugol ndema e kisal nguura e nder Afrik Haɓde e caɗeele sukaaɓe Afrik e ŋakkeende nguura : darnde ndema Afrik e nder sosde golle Dust Suspended: Ciimtol nguurndam koloñaal, caggal leydi e nguurndam dipolomaasi 1953 haa 1986 Afrik e lewru marse: deftere ngam faggudu leydi ndii Suɓngooji Afrik teeŋtuɗi : Noddaango ngam ƴellitde laawol Pan-Afrik == Njeenaaje e teddungal == 1981–87, tergal, Goomu UNESCO ngam jam e nder hakkillaaji worɓe 1983–89 Tergal, Goomu keeriiɗo ngam ustude kaɓirɗe e kisal (Goomu Olaf Palme) 1983, tergal Goomu annduɓe OMS ko faati e batte kaɓirɗe nukliyeer 1986, hooreejo fedde yimɓe mawɓe Commonwealth ko faati e Afrik worgo 1986, tergal, Goomu Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe ko faati e Neɗɗo Toowɗo ko faati e jokkondiral hakkunde Ƴellitaare e Ƴellitaare 1987–93, gardiiɗo fedde winndereere ɓurnde moƴƴude, Wasinton D.C. 1988–89, Sosɗo e hooreejo, Fedde Ardorde Afrik e hooreejo, Yiilirde Ngenndiire, Fooyre Ardorde Afrik Inc. New York 1988 (mee), hooreejo, Heɗto Namibi, Fedde Adunaare Eklesiyaaji, Wasinton D.C 1988–99, Jaagorgal keeringal to Duɗal Adunawal Demal Toowngal, Ibadan 1989, tergal teddungal, Goomu toppitiingu njeenaari yimɓe Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe 1989, tergal, Fedde nde wonaa laamuyankoore ngam ƴellitaare kaalis wonande leyɗeele ƴellitiiɗe (Komisiyoŋ Schmidt) 1989 Tergal, Goomu Wagginoore, Parlemaa Golle Adunaaje 1989–99, hooreejo, Goomu Wagginooji, Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe (TI) 1990, tergal, Goomu Wagginoore, Duɗal Etikaaji Aduna Tergal, Yiilirde Ngenndiire, duɗal Afriknaajo Ameriknaajo 1991–93, Bayyinoowo, Fedde Afrik lewru kala 1991, tergal, Diiso yimɓe mawɓe, Reso kaaldigal hakkunde leyɗeele, Carter Center to Duɗal Jaaɓi-haaɗtirde Emory, Atlanta 1991, tergal, Diiso Wasiyaaji, Njeenaari Nguura Aduna, Des Moines, Iowa 1992, tergal, fedde toppitiinde ko fayti e kaalis Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe (Fondation Ford) 1993–95, tergal, Goomu Wasiyaaji Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe ko faati e Afrik 1994 – Yiylotooɗo laawɗuɗo wooteeji to Mosammbik e noddaango laamu Mosammbik 1994–99 Tergal, Goomu Wagginoore, Goomu Carnegies ngam haɗde hareeji maayɗi 1995–99, ko o gardiiɗo PNUD ngam ƴellitaare aadee Joom mum e mawɗo Promoter, Duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde karallaagal Bells, Ota.[22] == Ƴeew kadi == Defterdu hooreejo leydi Olusegun Obasanjo == Tuugnorgal == q5kbvlehc56ncqscm263q3wcm3j0ry2 175878 175874 2026-06-23T09:32:01Z Ilya Discuss 10103 #1Lib1Ref 175878 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Mawɗo Olusegun Matthew Okikiola''' Ogunboye Aremu Obasanjo GCFR (// C; Yoruba: Olúṣẹ́gun Ọbásanjọ́ [ōlúʃɛ́ɡũ̄ ɔ̄básã̄d͡ʒɔ́] R; jibinaa ko c. ndema, e gonnooɗo seneraal konu gonnooɗo hooreejo leydi Naajeeriya gila 1976 haa 1979, caggal ɗuum o woni hooreejo leydi ndii gila 1999 haa 2007. To bannge miijo, ko o ngenndiyanke Naajeeriya, o jeyaa ko e lannda Demokaraasi Leƴƴi (PDP) gila 1998 haa 2019.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://m.guardian.ng/art/obasanjos-story-aremu-set-to-hit-the-stage/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|title=Obasanjo's story, Aremu set to hit the stage|date=13 October 2019|access-date=30 October 2019|newspaper=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.un.org/webcast/ga/61/pdfs/nigeria-e.pdf|title=Statement by Obasanjo to the United Nations|access-date=23 April 2011}}</ref> Obasanjo jibinaa ko e wuro Ibogun-Olaogun, e nder galle remoowo, jeyaaɗo e leñol Owu, Obasanjo janngi ko ɓuri heewde e wuro wiyeteengo Abeokuta, to diiwaan Ogun. O naati konu leydi Naajeeriya, o janngi ko faati e inndeeji, o golliima to Konngo, Angalteer, e Inndo, o arti e darnde Major. E darorɗe kitaale 1960, o waɗii darnde mawnde e haɓaade seernaaɓe Biafra e nder wolde hakkunde leyɗeele Nijeer, o jaɓi dogde e hitaande 1970. E hitaande 1975, kuudetaa konu sosi junta e Obasanjo e nder laamu mum tati. Caggal nde hooreejo triumvirate, hono Murtala Muhammed, waraa e hitaande rewtunde ndee, Diiso toowngo konu toɗɗii Obasanjo hooreejo leydi ndii. Jokkude politik Murtala, Obasanjo ƴeewtindiima taƴgol bidsee e yaajnude jaŋde ekkolaaji ɗi ngalaa njoɓdi. Ɓesdugo hawtuki lesdi Naajeeriya bee lesdi Amerika, o teddini kadi ballal pelle luutndiiɗe laamu ɓaleeɓe pamari nder Afrika woylaare. Obasanjo ɗon mari haaje wartirgo demokaraasi, o ardi woote 1979, ɓaawo man o hokki laamu lesdi Naajeeriya haa hooreejo lesdi siwil keso, Shehu Shagari. Ndeen Obasanjo artii e golle mum to Ota, Ogun, ɗo o wonti demoowo, o yaltini defte nay, o tawtoraama eɓɓooji winndereeji ngam joofnude hareeji Afrik ceertuɗi.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Adegbite|first=Charles Segun|date=16 December 2017|title=At 80years, Obasanjo bags Ph.D in Theology|url=https://successfulpeoplemagazine.wordpress.com/2017/12/16/at-80years-obasanjo-bags-ph-d-in-theology/|access-date=27 June 2024|website=Successful People's World|language=en}}</ref> E hitaande 1993, Sani Abacha heɓti laamu e kuudetaa konu. Obasanjo ina ñiŋa laamu Abacha e peeñcu, e hitaande 1995 o nanngaa, o ñaawaa wonde o jeyaa ko e kuudetaa peewnaaɗo, hay so tawii o seppii wonde o alaa ella. Nde o woni e kasoo ndee, o wonti Kerecee’en jibinaaɗo, tawi ko providentialism ina tiiɗtini no feewi e yi’annde makko aduna caggal ɗuum. O woppitaama caggal maayde Abacha e hitaande 1998. Obasanjo naati e politik wooteeji, o wonti kanndidaa PDP e wooteeji hooreleydaagu 1999, ɗi o dañi. Ko o hooreejo leydi, o woppi politik militeer en, kamɓe ɗiɗo fof ɓe njaajni polis, ɓe moofti konu ngam haɓaade fitinaaji leƴƴi, diineeji, e seernaaɓe jaajɗi. O itti sooje'en lesdi Naajeeriya diga lesdi Siyeraa Leone, o hokki hukuumaaji pamari feere-feere ngam ustugo ceede lesdi ndi'i. O artiraa e woote 2003. E nder miijooji Pan-Afrik, o woniino daraniiɗo no feewi sosde Dental Afrik, o woniino hooreejo mayre tuggi 2004 haa 2006. Eɓɓooje Obasanjo ngam waylude doosɗe leydi ngam ittude keeri manndaa hooreejo leydi, ɗe njahraani no haanirta nii, ɗe ngaddani ɗum ñiŋooje. Caggal nde o woppi golle, o heɓi doktoraa makko e ganndal diine to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde National Open to leydi Najeriya.<ref name=":0">{{cite web|title=Olusegun Obasanjo {{!}} president of Nigeria {{!}} Britannica|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Olusegun-Obasanjo|access-date=22 February 2022|website=www.britannica.com|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=19 February 2022|title=Nigeria needs more 'rebels', says Obasanjo|url=https://punchng.com/nigeria-needs-more-rebels-says-obasanjo/|access-date=22 February 2022|newspaper=[[The Punch]]|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=23 January 2025|title=Olusegun Obasanjo {{!}} Biography, Age, & Facts {{!}} Britannica|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Olusegun-Obasanjo|access-date=1 February 2025|website=www.britannica.com|language=en}}</ref> == Nguurndam gadano == Baaba Olusegun Obasanjo, Obasanjo Bankole, jeyaa ko e ardiiɓe hoɗɓe e sosɓe wuro Igbogun Olaogun e fuɗɗoode kitaale 1920. Hay so tawii ko o demoowo keewɗo jawdi, o jom jawdi en, omo hiisee wonde miskiino sabu o jeyaaka e yimɓe jannguɓe e nder leydi Yoruba. Bankole hawri e Bernice Ashabi, njulaagu tokooso to Igbogun, kamɓe ɗiɗo fof ɓe resndi. Ɓeeɗoo ɗiɗo ina njogii ɓiɓɓe ɗiɗo heddiiɓe e nder jeegom : Olusegun e Adunni Oluwola, miñiiko debbo gooto. E wiyde paaspoor makko, Olusegun Obasanjo jibinaa ko ñalnde 5 marse 1937 hay so tawii noon alaa ko winndaa e mum hannde, ñalngu nguu ko limto ɓadiiɗo. Olusegun ko jeyaaɗo e Laamu Owu. O mawni ko e Baptiste. Debbo makko caggal mum naati lislaam ngam resde gorko juulɗo.[9] E duuɓi sappo e go'o, o naati duɗal leslesal wuro ngo,[10] caggal duuɓi tati, e hitaande 1951, o naati duɗal Baptist Day to nokku Owu to Abeokuta.[11] E hitaande 1952 o arti e duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde sukaaɓe Baptist,[12] kadi e nder wuro ngo. Feccere e njoɓdi duɗal makko ko dokke laamu.[13] Obasanjo waɗii ko moƴƴi e jaŋde,[14] e nder duɗal o wonti Boy Scout keewɗo faayiida.[15] Hay so tawii alaa ko holliti wonde e oon sahaa o tawtoraama kala pelle politik,[15] ko e nder duɗal hakkundeewal Obasanjo salii innde makko adannde "Matthew" ngam wonde golle luulndiiɗe koloñaal.[16] E nder ɗuum, baaba Obasanjo woppi debbo mum e sukaaɓe mum ɗiɗo.[17] Nde o yani e baasal, yumma Obasanjo ina foti golloraade njulaagu ngam wuurde.[15] Ngam yoɓugo ceede janngirde maako, Obasanjo ɗon huuwa haa gese kakawo e kola, ɗon ligga, ɗon mooɓa leɗɗe, ɗon sooda ceene mahooɓe. E nder balɗe udditgol duɗal ngal kadi o golliima e duɗal ngal, omo taƴa huɗo e golle juuɗe goɗɗe.[18] E hitaande 1956, Obasanjo waɗi jaŋde mum hakkundeere, caggal nde o ñamli kaalis ngam yoɓde njoɓdi naatgol.[19] E oon hitaande kadi, o fuɗɗii jokkondirde e Oluremi Akinlawon, ɓiy Owu mawɗo station. Ɓe ndarniino dewgal haa hitaande 1958.[20] O yalti duɗal, o fayi Ibadan, o ƴetti golle jannginde. Ko ɗoon o jooɗii e ekzamen naatgol to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Ibadan, kono hay so o jaɓii o tawi o waawaa yoɓde njoɓdi jaŋde.[19] Ndeen Obasanjo fellitii jokkude golle mum e nder konu leydi Najeriya, ngam heɓde ngal gollal, e hitaande 1958 o jaabiima eɓɓoore ngam janngude ofiseeji cadet e nder konu leydi Najeriya.[21][22] == Fuɗɗoode golle konu (1958-1966) == == Heblo konu: 1958-1959 == E lewru marse 1958, Obasanjo naati e konu leydi Najeriya.[23] O yi’i ɗum ko fartaŋŋe jokkude jaŋde makko tawa omo heɓa njoɓdi;[24] o humpitaaki ɗoon e ɗoon ɓesngu makko, o hulii wonde jibnaaɓe makko ina njaɓa ɗum.[25] Ko e oon sahaa konu leydi Najeriya ina jokki e juuɗe laamu koloñaal leydi Najeriya, ngam heblude ndimaagu leydi Najeriya timmungu, kadi ina waɗi eɓɓooje ngam heɓde yimɓe leydi Najeriya ɓurɓe heewde e nder darnde konu mum.[25] Ndeen o neldaama to duɗal jaŋde ofiseeji jooɗɗi to Teshie to leydi Gana.[23] Nde o woni caggal leydi, o neldi ɓataakeeji e dokke to jom suudu makko to leydi Najeriya.[20] E lewru suwee 1958, o suɓaa ngam ɓeydaade heblo lebbi jeegom to duɗal Mons Officer Cadet to Aldershot, to fuɗnaange Angalteer. Obasanjo yiɗaa ɗum toon, o sikkatnoo ko ɗum juɓɓule njiyaagu e njiyaagu, o tawi ina saɗi ko jokkondiri e dumunna Engele ɓurɗo toowde e ɓuuɓde.[26] Nde semmbini miijooji makko bonɗi e laamu Biritaan e hakke mum laamaade e dow laamuuji mum koloñaal en.[24] To Mons, o heɓi komisoŋ e seedantaagal to bannge innde. Nde Obasanjo woni to leydi Angalteer, yumma mum maayi. Baaba makko ndeen maayi ko hitaande caggal ɗuum.[27] E hitaande 1959, Obasanjo arti Nijeer. Ko ɗoon o artiraa to Kaduna, o woni subaltern infanterie e bataliyoŋ joyaɓo.[27] Wakkati maako haa Kaduna woni wakkati arandejum nde Obasanjo jooɗi haa nokkure nde juulɓe ɗuuɗi.[27] Ko nde o woni toon, e lewru Oktoobar 1960, leydi Nijeer wonti leydi ndimaagu.[28][22] == Kiiriis Konngo: 1960-1961 == == Ƴeew kadi: Kiriis Konngo == Caggal ɗuum seeɗa, bataliyoŋ joyaɓo neldaa to Konngo ngam jeyeede e konu Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe ngam haɓaade jam. Ko ɗoon bataliyoŋ oo woni e nder diiwaan Kivu, tawi ko ɗoon woni Bukavu.[28] To leydi Konngo, Obasanjo e woɗɓe ina njoginoo darnde reende siwil en, haa arti noon e leñol Belsik, e soldateeɓe murtuɓe e laamu Patrice Lumumba.[28] E lewru feebariyee 1961, Obasanjo nanngaa e juuɗe murtuɓe nde o ummotoo e misiyoŋaaji katolik en e nder dingiral sara Bukavu. Mutinooɓe ɓee miijinoo ko warde mo kono ɓe njamiraama yo ɓe njaltu. E lewru mee 1961, bataliyoŋ joyaɓo ummii Konngo, arti Najeriya.[28] E nder wolde nde, o toɗɗaama kapiteen wakkati.[24] O teskiima caggal ɗuum wonde sahaa mo o woni e Konngo oo ina semmbina "fervour pan-africain" bataliyoŋ makko.[28] == Gartugol e leydi Konngo: 1961-1966 == Nde o arti, Obasanjo soodi oto makko gadano, o naati e opitaal ko juuti sabu rafi reedu. Nde o selli, o artiraa e Korse Innjiniyaaruuji konu. E hitaande 1962 o jooɗii to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Royal College to Angalteer. Ko ɗoon o ɓuri waawde, o siforaa ko "almuudo Commonwealth ɓurɗo waawde". Oon hitaande, o yoɓi Akinlawon ngam yahde Londres ɗo o waawi naatde e kursus heblo. Ɓeeɗoo ɗiɗo resndi ɗum ko e lewru suwee 1963 to biro binnditagol Camberwell Green, ɓe nganndini ɓesnguuji maɓɓe tan caggal nde ɓe mbaɗi hiirde ndee.E ndeen hitaande, Obasanjo yamiraama yo o hoot to leydi Nijeer, hay so tawii debbo makko ina heddii to Londres duuɓi tati goɗɗi ngam timminde jaŋde makko. Nde o naati Naajeeriya, Obasanjo hoosi ardungal konu Innjiniyaaruuji ladde, jooɗiiɗum haa Kaduna. E nder konu, Obasanjo ina jokki e yahrude yeeso e nder darɗe, o wonti mawɗo e hitaande 1965. O huutoriima ngalu makko ngam soodde leydi, e fuɗɗoode kitaale 1960 o heɓi jawdi to Ibadan, Kaduna, e Lagos. E hitaande 1965, Obasanjo neldaa leydi Inndo. E nder laawol, o yilliima debbo makko to Londres. To leydi Indiya, o janngi to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde toppitiingal ko fayti e cellal to Wellington, caggal ɗuum to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Innjiniyaaruuji to Poona. Obasanjo hulɓinii e heege nde o seedtii e nder leydi Indiya hay so tawii o ƴettii nafoore e pinal leydi ndii, huunde nde addani mo janngude defte diineeji nannditooji. == Hare nder leydi Naajeeriya == == Winndannde mawnde: Hare nder leydi Najeriya == == Golle makko ko adii wolde hakkunde leyɗeele: 1966-1967 == Obasanjo ummi Naajeeriya nder lewru January hitaande 1966 ngam heɓugo lesdi ndi'i nder kuudetaa konu ngu Major Emmanuel Ifeajuna ardii. Obasanjo ina jeyaa e jeertinɓe wonde ngonka kaa ina waawi jippaade e wolde nder leydi.O hollitii wonde maa o won hakkunde ƴaañooɓe kuudetaa e laamu siwil, ngu rokki laamu nguu e juuɗe hooreejo konu Johnson Aguiyi-Ironsi. Nde kuudetaa oo ronki, Olusegun hawri e Ironsi to Lagos. Ironsi ɓooyaani ko timmini fedde nde e nder leydi Najeriya rewrude e yamiroore mum kawral e lewru mee 1966, huunde nde ɓuuɓni jiiɓru leƴƴi. E darorɗe lewru sulyee, kuudetaa ɗiɗmo waɗi. To wuro Ibadan, sooja'en iwdi woyla lesdi Naajeeriya ɗon ƴama, ɓe mbari Ironsi, ɓe mbari fodde teemeɗɗe ɗiɗi sooje'en ko ɓuri ɗuuɗugo ɓe iwdi lesdi Naajeeriya. Seneraal Yaakubu Gowon heɓti laamu. Nde ooɗoo kuudetaa waɗata nde Obasanjo wonnoo ko to Maiduguri. Nande ɗum, o yaawi hootde Kaduna. Ko ɗoon o tawi konu worgo ummoriiɗo e bataliyoŋ tataɓo ina ronka, ina torloo, ina wara soldateeɓe Igbo en. Gomnaajo lesdi Naajeeriya, Hassan Katsina, annditi dow koo ngam Olusegun naa Igbo, bana no o woni mo woylaare lesdi Naajeeriya, o ɗon nder ɓilla haa sooja'en murtuɓe. Ngam reenaade ɓe, Katsina neldi Olusegun e debbo mum ngarta Maiduguri balɗe sappo, tawi fitinaaji ɗii ina ustoo. Caggal ɗuum, Obasanjo neldi debbo mum to Lagos, tawi omo hoota Kaduna kanko e hoore makko, o woni ɗoon haa lewru Yarkomaa 1967. E oon sahaa ko kanko woni ofisee Yoruba ɓurɗo mawnude tawaaɗo to bannge worgo. E lewru Yarkomaa 1967, Obasanjo toɗɗaama to Lagos ngam wonde mawɗo Injineer konu.Hare hakkunde leƴƴi Igbo e leƴƴi worgo ina jokki e ɓeydaade, e lewru mee, ofisee konu Igbo C. Odumegwu Ojukwu hollitii jeytaare nokkuuji ɓurɗi heewde Igbo e nder fuɗnaange-rewo leydi Bi. Ñalnde 3 lewru juko, laamu leydi Najeriya neldi Obasanjo to Ibadan ngam wonde hooreejo leydi Hirnaange.Hare hakkunde konu leydi Najeriya e seernaaɓe Biafran fuɗɗii ko ñalnde 6 lewru juko. Ñalnde 9 sulyee, Ojukwu neldi koloñaal konu Biafra dow pont Niiseer ngam yiɗde heɓtude Mid-West, nokku ɗo ɓe mbaawi ummoraade Lagos. Obasanjo yiɗiino uddude laabi jahduɗi e wuro ngo. Komandaajo Yoruba biyeteeɗo Victor Banjo, ardinooɗo konu njanngu Biafran, etinooma waawnude Obasanjo yoo ɓe njaltu, kono o salii. == Kuugal konu lesdi: 1967-1970 == "Kolonel Olu Obasanjo, gardinooɗo diɗɗal tataɓal". Jaaynde Naajeeriya keso, hello 7, 12 lewru Yarkomaa 1970. Gagga hare nder leydi Naajeeriya e Biafra. Ndeen Obasanjo toɗɗaama hooreejo caggal diɗɗal ɗiɗaɓal Murtala Muhammed, gollotoongal to Mid-Ouest. Obasanjo woni ko e jooɗaade to Ibadan, ko kañum halfinaa Division ɗiɗaɓo oo jogaade kaɓirɗe. E nder wuro ngo, Obasanjo jannginii course ganndal konu to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Ibadan, o mahi jokkondiral makko e nder elite Yoruba. E nder wolde nde, wonno ko jiiɓru mawndu e nder Dowla Hirnaange, ngam daɗde e ɗeen caɗeele, Obasanjo woppi golle mum e nder Diiso doosɗe Hirnaange.Nde Obasanjo woɗɗi Ibadan e lewru noowammbar 1968, gure jogiiɗe kaɓirɗe ɗe fedde remooɓe Agbekoya moofti, njani e galle laamorɗo Ibadan. Konuuji ɗii njaabtii, mbari sappo e fitinaaji ɗii. Nde Obasanjo arti o yamiri yo ñaawirde ƴeewto kewuuji ɗii. == Yamiroore konu: 1967-1970 == "Kolonel Olu Obasanjo, gardinooɗo diɗɗal tataɓal". Jaaynde Naajeeriya keso, hello 7, 12 lewru Yarkomaa 1970. Gagga hare nder leydi Naajeeriya e Biafra. Ndeen Obasanjo toɗɗaama hooreejo caggal diɗɗal ɗiɗaɓal Murtala Muhammed, gollotoongal to Mid-Ouest. Obasanjo ina jooɗii to Ibadan, ko kañum halfinaa Division ɗiɗaɓo oo jogaade kaɓirɗe. E nder wuro ngo, Obasanjo jannginii course ganndal konu to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Ibadan, o mahi jokkondiral makko e nder elite Yoruba. E nder wolde nde, wonno ko jiiɓru mawndu e nder Dowla Hirnaange, ngam daɗde e ɗeen geɗe, Obasanjo woppi golle e nder Diiso doosɗe Dowla Hirnaange. Nde Obasanjo woɗɗi Ibadan e lewru noowammbar 1968, wuro ngo ina jogii balɗe, ngo fedde remooɓe Agbekoya moofti, yani e galle laamorɗo Ibadan. Konuuji ɗii njaabtii, mbari sappo e fitinaaji ɗii. Nde Obasanjo arti o yamiri yo ñaawirde ƴeewto kewuuji ɗii. Gowon felliti lomtaade Kolonel Benjamin Adekunle, ardinooɗo njanngu Biafra, kono ina haani Yoruba mawɗo goɗɗo. O suɓii ko Obasanjo, hay so tawii noon o alaa humpito hare. Obasanjo arii Port Harcourt ngam heɓtude golle ɗee ñalnde 16 mee 1969 ; o ardii hannde hakkunde 35 000 e 40 000 soldaat. O waɗii jonte jeegom gadane ɗee ko e riiwtude njangu Biafran e Aba. O yilliima kala nokku e yeeso, o gaañiiɗo e waɗde ɗum. Ɗee golle ngaddi mo innde cuusal e nder worɓe makko E lewru desaambar, Obasanjo fuɗɗii golle Finishing Touch, yamiri konu mum yo yahru yeeso feewde Umuahia, ngu ɓe ƴetti ñalnde Natal. Ɗum taƴii Biafra e feccere. Ñalnde 7 lewru Yarkomaa 1970, o ummini ndeen « Operation Tail-Wind », o heɓti laana ndiwoowa Uli ñalnde 12 lewru Yarkomaa. E oon sahaa, ardiiɓe Biafran njaɓi yoɓde. Ñalnde 13 lewru nduu, Obasanjo jokkondiri e komandaajo konu Biafran biyeteeɗo Philip Effiong. Obasanjo wi'i sooja'en Biafran hokka balmi maɓɓe, nden boo suɓol ardiiɓe lesdi ndi'i ɗon yaha Lagos, ɓe hokka Gowon dow laawol. Janngo mum, Obasanjo haali e rajo diiwaan oo, o wiyi ɓiɓɓe leydi ndi yo njokku e galleeji mum en, o dartina kisal mum en. Biafranaaɓe heewɓe e jaayɗe goɗɗe ina kuli wonde konu leydi Najeriya ina waawi waɗde bonanndeeji keewɗi e yimɓe foolɓe ɓee, hay so tawii noon Obasanjo ina yiɗi haɗde ɗum. O yamiri konu makko e nder diiwaan hee yo heddo e nder galleeji mum en, jokkude wonde polis nokku oo ina foti ƴettude kuule ngam ƴellitde sariya e deeƴre. Division tataɓo, ɓurɗo woɗɗude, waɗii hareeji warngooji e yimɓe nokku oo. Obasanjo ina tiiɗi e waɗooɓe bonannde ndee, sibu waɗɓe warngooji ɗii mberlaama, waɗɓe warngooji ɗii mbardaa. Laamu Gowon waɗi Obasanjo kalfinaaɗo naatnude Biafra e nder leydi Najeriya, e nder oon darnde o heɓi teddungal ngam teeŋtinde mawngu. Ko o injenieer, o teeŋtinii artirde jolngo ndiyam ; haa lewru mee 1970 gure mawɗe diiwaan oo fof njokkondirii e jolngo ndiyam. Darnde Obasanjo e timminde wolde nde waɗi mo jaambaaro wolde, kadi ko o neɗɗo ganndiraaɗo e nder leydi Najeriya. == Kuugal maako ɓaawo konu lesdi: 1970-1975 == E lewru suwee 1970, Obasanjo arti Abeokuta, jamaanu jaɓɓii mo no jaambaaro garoowo nii. Ndeen o neldaama to Lagos, o woni Brigadier gardinooɗo Korse Innjiniyankooɓe. E lewru oktoobar, Gowon hollitii wonde laamu militeer en ina rokka laamu nguu laamu siwil e hitaande 1976. E nder ɗuum, haɗde lanndaaji politik ina heddii e doole ; Gowon yahri yeeso seeɗa e sosde laamu siwil. E les laamu sooja'en, Obasanjo jooɗi nder goomu limngal sooja'en lesdi Naajeeriya, ko laarani limngal sooja'en lesdi Naajeeriya nder duuɓi 1970. E hitaande 1974 Obasanjo yahi to leydi Angalteer ngam janngude to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Royal College to bannge diine. Nde o arti, e lewru Yarkomaa 1975 Gowon toɗɗii mo Komisariyaa Golle e Koɗki, golle ɗe o joginoo fotde lebbi jeeɗiɗi, e nder ɗuum o ɓuri waawde mahde kaɓirɗe konu. E hitaande 1970, Obasanjo soodi sosiyatee Libannaajo ɓooyɗo to Ibadan, o gollini heen awokaa ngam ƴellitde ɗum. E hitaande 1973 o winnditii fedde wiyeteende Temperance Enterprises Limited, nde o waawi waɗde heen golle njulaagu caggal nde o woppi golle konu. O jokki kadi e waɗde heen jawdi ; e hitaande 1974 o joginoo galleeji ɗiɗi to Lagos e gooto fof to Ibadan e Abeokuta. Haalaaji ummii wonde Obasanjo ina jokki e waɗde njulaagu nguu ina ɓeydoo yaajde e nder leydi Najeriya, hay so tawii noon alaa ko holliti ɗum ko laaɓti. Dewgal makko e Oluremi wonti caɗeele nde o salii jokkondiral makko e rewɓe woɗɓe. E cakkital kitaale 1970 dewgal maɓɓe fusi. E hitaande 1976 o resi Stella Abebe e nder kewu aadaaji Yoruba. E nder laamu Murtala == Kuudetaa 1975 e caggal mum == Binndanɗe mawɗe: Kuudetaa laamu Nijeer e hitaande 1975 e Kawtal konu Nijeer (1966–1979) E lewru sulyee 1975, kuudetaa e gardagol Shehu Muusaa Yar’Adua e Yuusuf Garba liɓi Gowon, o dogi fayti Angalteer. Ɓe kaalaani Obasanjo e peeje maɓɓe nde tawnoo omo anndiraa wonde kuudetaa ko kuutorgal waylude laamu. Kuudetaaji ɗii njiɗnoo ko lomtinde laamu otokaraasi Gowon nguu e laamu tati (triumvirate) brigadieruuji tati ɗi Diiso Toowngo Konu ina waawi haɗde kuule mum en. Ngalɗoo laamu tati, ɓe cemmbini Seneraal Murtala Muhammed yo won hooreejo leydi, Obasanjo woni ɗiɗaɓo e gardagol mum, Danjuma woni tataɓo. Daartoowo biyeteeɗo John Iliffe teskiima wonde e nder triumvirate, Obasanjo ko « puccu gollordu e ngaandi » , ko kanko ɓuri yaawde hootde e laamu siwil. E nder heen, triumvirate oo naatni peeje ustude ngalu ngam haɗde inflation, sosi Biro toppitiiɗo ko fayti e golle bonɗe, lomtini guwerneeruuji militeer en ɗii fof ofiseeji kesi, ɓe cifotoo ko Obasanjo woni hooreejo konu, ɓe puɗɗii "Operation Deadwood" mo ɓe ndartini ofiseeji civil 11,000. == Mawɗo gollordu, suudu sarɗiiji: 1975–76 == E lewru oktoobar 1975, laamu nguu hollitii peeje ngam waɗde woote ɗe mbaɗata ngam laamu siwil e lewru oktoobar 1979. Ngu hollitii kadi peeje ngam sosde goomu ngam ƴettude doosgal leydi kesal, tawi ko Obasanjo ɓuri waawde suɓaade terɗe goomu nguu 49. E dow wasiyaaji Komiseer Irifeke, laamu nguu hollitii kadi sosde dowlaaji jeeɗiɗi kesi ; e dow tiiɗnaare Obasanjo, Abeokuta ina foti wonde laamorgo gooto e ɗeen dowlaaji kesi, hono Ogun. Kadi dow wasiyaaji komitiiru ndun, ɓe anndini anniyaaji seeɗa-seeɗa ngam wurtinki laamorgo lesdi Naajeeriya diga Lagos haa Abuja ɓurduɗum caka. E lewru Yarkomaa 1976, Obasanjo e Danjuma fof ƴettaa e jappeere Lietnaa-Seneraal. Murtala e Obasanjo fof ina ndartini darnde ngam haɗde koloñaal Oropnaaɓe jokkude e njiimaandi ɓaleeɓe tokosɓe e nder Afrik worgo, ɗum noon ko huunde nde ɓe cuɓii e politik maɓɓe caggal leydi. Ngolɗoo sabaabu ina ɓeydoo wontude ngoƴa Obasanjo. Caggal nde Angolaa heɓti jeytaare mum e juuɗe Portigaal, wolde ɓesngu addi e leydi hee. Naajeeriya anndi laabi laamu ngu MPLA, fedde marxist en nde Dental Sowiyet walli, sabu laamu luulndiingu FNLA e UNITA ina mballita e laamu ɓaleeɓe tokosɓe to Afrik worgo. Ko jiidaa e rokkude MPLA ballal kaalis, Niiseer fuɗɗiima ƴattaade leyɗeele Afrik goɗɗe ngam kadi jaɓde njuɓɓudi MPLA, e fuɗɗoode hitaande 1976 ko ɓuri heewde e dowlaaji e nder Fedde Ngootaagu Afrik (OAU) mbaɗii ɗum. E lewru feebariyee 1976, Obasanjo ardii delegaasiyoŋ Najeriya ngam mawninde hitaande MPLA to Luanda, ɗo o wiyi : « ko ñalngu maantiniingu, ko ɗum fuɗɗoode hare sakkitiinde ngam haɓaade koloñaal, imperiyaalisma e njiyaagu e nder Afrik ». == Warngo Murtala : 13 feebariyee 1976 == E lewru feebariyee 1976, kolonel Buka Suka Dimka waɗi kuudetaa e laamu Nijeer, tawi ko ndeen Seneraal Murtala Muhammed waraa. Eɓɓoore kadi waɗaama e nguurndam Obasanjo, kono neɗɗo mo fotaani waraa. Dimka ŋakkiraa ballal mawngal e nder militeer en, kuudetaa makko ronki, ɗum addani mo dogde. Obasanjo tawtoraaki wirwirnde Murtala to Kano, kono o hollitii laamu nguu ina jogori yoɓde mahngo juulirde e nokku ɗo o wirnaa ɗoo. Caggal nde o waraa, Obasanjo tawtoraama batu Diiso Toowngo Konu. O hollitii yiɗde makko woppude laamu, kono Diiso ngoo heɓiino ɗaɓɓude yo o lomto Murtala e gardagol leydi ndii. Ko ɗum waɗi o wonti hooreejo diiso ngoo.E nder kulhuli makko e ɓeydagol eɓɓooji e nguurndam makko, Obasanjo naati e nder kasoo Dodan, tawi 39 neɗɗo tuumaaɗo wonde e nder kuudetaa Dimka mbaraa, ɗum jibini tuumeede wonde jaabawol Obasanjo ngol ina heewi. Ko Obasanjo woni hooreejo leydi ndi, o huniima jokkude dawrugol Murtala. == Hooreejo leydi konu (1976-1979) == == Triumvirat konu == E anndude kulhuli gonɗi e woɗɗude yimɓe woyla Naajeeriya, Obasanjo addi Seneraal Shehu Yar'Adua ngam lomtaade mo e ɗiɗaɓo e gardagol hooreejo konu, gardiiɗo jaagorɗe toowɗo timminoowo triumvirate militeer en, Obasanjo woni hooreejo leydi e Seneraal Theophilus Stajumabli ngam laamaade dow tato we- laamu konu. Obasanjo hirjinii jeewte e nanondiral hakkunde Diiso Toowngo Konu. Heewɓe ina kaawaa hol ko waɗi Obasanjo – hono Yoruba e Kerecee – toɗɗaade Yar’Adua, tergal e aristokraasi worgo, yo won gardiiɗo ɗiɗaɓo mum, wonaa banndiiko Yoruba Kerecee. Obasanjo teeŋtinii kulhuli ngenndiiji e dow ɗi diiwanuuji ɗii ; o hirjini sukaaɓe e mawɓe fof nde njanngata fodoore ngenndiire hesere ndee e jimɗi ngenndiiji ɗii. Nafoore heɓde miijooji ɓurɗi yaajde, ñalnde aset kala omo waɗa seminar mo alaa ko woni e mum so wonaa toɓɓere nde yimɓe ɓe ngonaa politikaaji e gollotooɓe laamu noddata. Ina jeyaa e ɓe o ɗaɓɓirta wasiyaaji mum en, annduɓe lislaam e mawɓe aadaaji. == Politik faggudu == Obasanjo wondude e hooreejo leydi Amerik biyeteeɗo Jimmy Carter to galle laamorɗo Amerik e hitaande 1977 E cakkital kitaale 1970, leydi Naajeeriya ina joginoo faggudu ɓurndu heewde doole, tawi noon ko 34% e inflation. Ngam haɓugo bee caɗeele faggudu lesdi Naajeeriya, Obasanjo tokki dabareeji cemmbiɗinki ceede ngam ustugo ceede laamu. E nder bidsee makko 1976, Obasanjo eɓɓi ustude njoɓdi laamu nguu fotde feccere, ustude eɓɓaaɗe tedduɗe, tawa ina ɓeyda njoɓdi jaŋde, cellal, galleeji, e ndema. O sosi kadi goomu ngam haɓaade inflation, e nder hitaande wootere caggal nde Obasanjo heɓi laamu, inflation ustii haa 30%. Obasanjo ina heewi yiɗde ñamlude kaalis, kono e ballal Banke Adunayankeewo e Fonds Monétaire International, Nijeer ƴetti ñamlude miliyaaruuji 1 dolaar e fedde bankeeji. Ɓeen ñiŋooɓe leftist en mbiyi wonde waɗde ɗum ina addana leydi ndii ɗooftaade kapitaalisma. E nder duuɓi ɗiɗi garooji ɗii, laamu Obasanjo, Nijeer ƴettii 4 983 miliyoŋ dolaar goɗɗo. Naajeeriya ina wondi e ɓeydagol fotde 3% hitaande kala e nder kitaale 1970, huunde nde fotnoo ɓeydaade fotde laabi ɗiɗi e nder duuɓi 25 seeɗa. Obasanjo teskiima caggal ɗuum wonde o anndaa ɗum e oon sahaa, sibu laamu makko alaa politik e ƴellitde yimɓe. Ɓeydagol yimɓe leydi Naajeeriya addani ɓe ɓeydaade yaawde e nder gure mawɗe e ŋakkeende cuuɗi e nder gure. Ngam haɓaade ɗum, bidsee Obasanjo e hitaande 1976 hollitii peeje mahngo 200 000 galle keso haa hitaande 1980, hay so tawii noon ko 28 500 tan mahaa.E hitaande 1976, laamu Obasanjo kadi hollitii wonde ina jogori ƴellitde renndo e cogguuli. Ngam haɓaade jiiɓru seppooji gollotooɓe, e hitaande 1976 laamu Obasanjo yaltinii sariyaaji cifotooɗi ko ɓuri heewde e gollorɗe mawɗe ko sarwisaaji baɗɗi faayiida, haɗi seppooji e nder mum en, yamiri nanngugol ardiiɓe senndikaaji jiiɓru. E hitaande 1978 nde hawriti senndikaaji 42 e nder fedde wootere nde gollotooɓe e leydi Nijeer. Obasanjo jokki bee taskaramji tati mawɗi ngam ndiyam haa woyla lesdi Naajeeriya ɗi arannde anndinaama les Murtala: taskaramji maayo Kano, taskaramji Bakalori, e taskaramji ndiyam Chad Sud. Laamu makko kadi jokki eɓɓooji ƴellitaare ndema puɗɗanooɗi to Funtua, Gusau, e Gombe. Won eɓɓaaɗe ƴellitgol laddeeji kadi puɗɗaama ngam haɗde njiimaandi Saharaa to bannge worgo. Ngam heɓde ko ɓuri heewde e ɗaɓɓaande leydi ndii e kuuraa, Obasanjo ardiima udditgol eɓɓaaɗe ɗiɗi kese ngam ƴellitde kuuraa e nder ndiyam e ƴulɓe. Industry petrol heddii ko huunde mawnde e faggudu leydi Naajeeriya e les laamu Obasanjo, ministeer petrol hawtii e fedde petroŋ leydi Naajeeriya ngam sosde fedde petroŋ leydi Naajeeriya (NNPC). Obasanjo kadi wallitii sosde lowre liggorde to Bonny, nde NNPC yoɓi 62% ; eɓɓaande ndee ko lomto makko woppi ɗum e nder ɓeydagol coodguuli. Obasanjo jokki kadi e peewnugol njuɓɓudi njamndi mboɗeeri Ajaokuta, eɓɓaande ndonaandi nde heewɓe e ñiŋooɓe e nder sarwisaaji laamu mbiyata ko nde waawataa huutoreede. E nder cakkital kitaale 1970, Naajeeriya kadi ina wondi e ustaare ndema, ko ɗum huunde nde laamuuji jokkondirɗi ɗii njiyti ko ɓuri hoybude e naatde e nguura e nder leydi ndii. E lewru mee 1976, Obasanjo fuɗɗii « Operation Feed the Nation » (Operation Feed the Nation), woni eɓɓaande ngam wuurtinde ndema tokoosa, tawi ina jeyaa heen yoɓeede almudɓe ngam remde e nder balɗe juulde. Eɓɓaande ndee ina waɗi kadi momtugol njoɓɗeele e nguura jawdi e kaɓirɗe ndema, e ballal kuutoragol tovo ngo, e ustude njoɓɗeele ndema. E lewru marse 1978, Obasanjo yaltini kuulal kuutoragol leydi ndi rokki laamu nguu hakkeeji jeyi leydi e dow leydi ndii kala. Ɗum waɗiraa ko ngam haɗde njulaagu leydi e njulaagu leydi, kadi addani ɗum yetteede e bannge nano leydi Najeriya hay so tawii noon ko galleeji keewɗi jogiiɗi leydi njiɗaa ɗum. Obasanjo yiyri ɗum ko e geɗe teeŋtuɗe laamu mum. Obasanjo wallitorii reentaade Gowon ngam waɗde heen jawdi mum caggal leydi, o jokki e ɗeen politikaaji. Politik faggudu ngenndiyankaagal e nder sekteeruuji teeŋtuɗi ina usta njulaagu keeriiɗo, ɗum addani ɗum ustude njulaagu, hay so tawii noon daraniiɓe ɗum ɓee ina njetta Obasanjo ngam dartinde diisnondiral kaalis so renndinaama e ardiiɓe mum. == Politikuuji nder leydi == O (Obasanjo) jokki e ƴamol jaŋde leslesre winndereyankoore e nder leydi Najeriya, politik ronkaama e Gowon. O naatini sariya jaŋde leslesre e hitaande 1976 ; hakkunde 1975–76 e 1979–80, binnditagol e duɗe leslese ɗe njoɓaaka kono ɗe njiɗaa, ɓeydiima gila e miliyoŋaaji 6 haa 12,5 miliyoŋ, hay so tawii noon jannginooɓe e kaɓirɗe ina ŋakki ngam waawde huutoraade ɗaɓɓaande ndee. E hitaande jaŋde 1977–78, Obasanjo naatni jaŋde hakkundeere nde alaa ko yoɓetee e fannuuji karallaagal, huunde nde yaajnaa e denndaangal jaŋde hakkundeere e hitaande 1979–80. E oon sahaa gooto, leydi Naajeeriya ustii kaalis jaŋde toownde ; e hitaande 1978 nde woppi rokkude ñamaale almudɓe, nde ɓeydi fotde laabi tati njoɓdi nguura e hoɗorde duɗe jaaɓi haaɗtirde. Seppooji janngooɓe mbaɗi e nder gure keewɗe, waɗii warngooji baɗnooɗi e nder wuro Lagos e Zaria. E nder jaabawol fitinaaji ɗii, Obasanjo udditi duɗe jaaɓi-haaɗtirde keewɗe, haɗi golle politik e nder duɗe jaaɓi-haaɗtirde, haɗi kadi fedde janngooɓe leydi Najeriya. Tiiɗnaare ɗeen peeje ina gasa tawa ko sabu tuumeede wonde fitinaaji almudɓe ɗii ina njokkondiri e kuudetaa militeer peewnaaɗo e lewru feebariyee 1978. Obasanjo ina mettini e jikkuuji almudɓe seppooɓe ɓee, o wiyi wonde ɗum ina hollita ruttaade e nafooje aadaaji ko wayi no hormaade almudɓe. Ngam batte ɓamtaare laamu Naajeeriya, leydi ndi yi’i ɓamtaare mawnde nder kuuɗe laamu. Seedeeji peeñii ko feewti e fenaande mawnde e nder laamu leydi ndii, tee, so tawii tuume ɗee ina keewi waɗeede e Obasanjo e hoore mum, alaa seedeeji tiiɗɗi peeñi. Ngam haɗde natal njulaagu e nder laamu, laamu Obasanjo haɗii huutoraade otooji Mercedes ngam waɗde otooji laamu, e lomtaade ɗum en, ɓe mbaɗti heen otooji Peugeot 504 ɓurɗi hoybude Naatgol champagne kadi haɗaama. E ƴaañde taƴgol konu, laamu Obasanjo yiyri 12 000 soldaat ina ndartinaa e nder duuɓi 1976 e 1977. Ɗee konu njalti ko e nokkuuji kesi ngam wallitde ɗum en e jokkondirde e nguurndam siwil en. Obasanjo kadi ina tuuma wonde ko kañum woni sabaabu ƴaañgol politik. E nder yeewtere wootere maantiniinde, koɗorɗe jimoowo e daraniiɗo politik Najeriya biyeteeɗo Fela Kuti, Republique Kalakuta, yani, yani haa laaɓi, caggal nde tergal e fedde makko hawri e yimɓe konu. Fela e ɓesngu mum piyi, njuppaa, yumma mum mawɗo, daraniiɗo politik e yumma mum sosɗo Chief Funmilayo Ransome Kuti, werlaa e windo. Ɗum addani mo gaañiiɓe no feewi, haa arti noon e maayde makko. Fela caggal ɗuum nawti kees to galle hooreejo leydi ndii e oon sahaa to Dodan Barracks to Lagos ngam salaade ƴaañde laamu nguu e politik. == Politik caggal leydi == Hooreejo leydi Amerik biyeteeɗo Jimmy Carter ina wondi e Obasanjo e njillu mum to leydi Najeriya e hitaande 1978 Obasanjo ina yiɗi tabitinde leydi Najeriya no ardorde mawnde e nder Afrik nii, e nder laamu makko, doole mum e nder duunde nde ɓeydiima. O ummini dabare Gowon ngam waɗugo julde ɗiɗaɓre nder duuniyaaru ngam naalankaaku e pinal ɓaleeɓe e afriknaajo haa lesdi Naajeeriya; ɗum waɗi ko to Lagos e lewru feebariyee 1977, hay so tawii noon ñaawooɓe nder leydi ndii mbiyi ko ɗum huunde nde alaa ko nafata. Obasanjo hokkii ɗuuɗal teddungal dow Dental Faggudu lesɗe Afrik Hirnaange (ECOWAS) nden o mettini ɗuuɗɓe nder terɗe maako ɗemngal Farayse ɓaawo o wi'i, bana no Naajeeriya ɓuri wallugo ceede ngam hukuuma kan, Naajeeriya foti jaɓɓaago hukuumaaji pamari ɗin haa Lagos. Jokkondiral e Ganaa ɓadiiɗo kadi ustii ; e hitaande 1979, leydi Nijeer taƴii petroŋ e nder leydi ndii ngam salaade warngooji luulndiiɓe politik ɗi laamu kesu ngu Jerry Rawlings wari. E laamu Obasanjo, Naajeeriya ustii jokkondiral mum juutngal e leydi Angalteer, ɓeydi jokkondirde e leyɗeele dentuɗe Amerik. Obasanjo ina yiɗi laamu hooreejo leydi Amerik biyeteeɗo Jimmy Carter, cuɓaaɗo e hitaande 1976, sabu Carter ina joginoo darnde tiiɗnde ngam tabitinde laamu ɓurngu heewde e Afrik worgo. Ambasadeer Carter to leydi Nijeer, hono Andrew Young, waɗii sehilaagal tiiɗngal e Obasanjo, Carter yilliima leydi Nijeer e hitaande 1978. Kono tan, kuulal ngam waylude alkule ɗee waɗiraa ko ngam dalillaaji laaɓtuɗi, wonaa miijooji ; yiytude petroŋ e nder maayo worgo firti ko Angalteer wontii ƴaañoowo wonaa soodoowo petroŋ Nijeer.Laamu Obasanjo kadi ina mettini heen no feewi nde Angalteer salii yoɓde Gowon, ina sikka wonde laamu Angalteer ina waawi wonde e kuudetaa mo Murtala waɗi. Ngam ɗeeɗoo hujjaaji, e hitaande 1976 nde miijii dartinde jokkondiral dipolomaasi e Angalteer, kono haa jooni nde dartinaani. Obasanjo noon saliima yahde Angalteer, o semmbini ardiiɓe makko waɗde ɗum. Jokkondiral ngal ɓeydii bonde nde Margaret Thatcher wonti gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi Angalteer e hitaande 1979, o fuɗɗii waɗde feere ɓurnde welde e njuɓɓudi laamu ɓaleeɓe tokosɓe to Rodesi e Afrik worgo. E nder jaabawol ngol, Naajeeriya nanngi laanawol ndiyam lesdi Naajeeriya, ngol ɓe tammi ɗon nastina petrol Naajeeriya haa lesdi Naajeeriya, ɓe haɗi hukuumaaji pamari Biritaniya ngam heɓugo kuuɗe Naajeeriya, ɓe nastini kuuɗe BP haa lesdi Naajeeriya. Obasanjo ina yiɗi kadi yaawnaade joofnude laamu ɓaleeɓe tokosɓe e nder Afrik worgo ; e wiyde Iliffe, ɗum wonti « cakkital politik makko caggal leydi ». Naajeeriya hokki ballal ngam haɓugo bee laamu daneeji nder diiwal ngal, hokki hukuumaaji pamari ɗi'i uddita birooji haa Lagos, nden hokki hukuumaaji pamari ɗin ɗon hokka mooɓgal feere-feere dogguɓe laamuuji lesdi Afrika fombinaari. E ƴettude peeje tiiɗɗe ngam haɓaade laamu apartaayd to Afrik worgo, Obasanjo hollitii wonde Nijeer naatataa e Olimpiyaaji 1976 sabu leydi Nuwel Selannde, tawtoraaɗo kawgel ngel, ina joginoo jokkondiral e Afrik worgo, leydi ndi haɗaa tawtoreede kawgel ngel sabu apartaayd. E hitaande 1977, Obasanjo haɗi kala kontraaji jokkondirɗi e Afrik worgo golloraade e nder leydi Nijeer ; sosiyateeji mawɗi ɗi njippii ɗii ko petroŋ Angalteer e Banke Barclays. E ndeen hitaande kadi, leydi Nijeer yuɓɓinii batu Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe ngam haɓaade apartaayd to Lagos, Obasanjo yilliima Amerik e lewru oktoobar ɗo o wiyi leydi ndii yo woppu yeeyde kaɓirɗe to Afrik worgo. Nde o woni nder leydi ndi'i o wolwi haa kawtal hoore lesdi ndi'i nden asaweeje ɗiɗi ɓaawo man Naajeeriya heɓi jooɗorde nder kawtal lesdi ndi'i. Fiilde Margaret Thatcher e hitaande 1979 ngam wonde gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi Angalteer, addani jokkondiral Angalteer e Niiseer bonnude ; Obasanjo miijii ko o yurmeende no feewi e laamuuji daneeji tokoosi e nder Afrik worgo Luulndaade laamu ɓaleeɓe tokosɓe e nder leydi Rodesi, addaniino hare Bush e nder leydi Rodesi, laamu Obasanjo ina jokki e wiyde wonde ko hare balɗe tan woni feere ngam foolde laamu Rodesi. O hirjinii ngootaagu hakkunde pelle ceertuɗe luulndiiɗe laamu toon, o wiyi Robert Mugabe, hooreejo ZANU, yo jaɓ ardaade luulndiiɗo makko, hono Joshua Nkomo mo ZAPU. E hitaande 1977, Angalteer e Amerik ciifi eɓɓaaɗe ngam waylude laamu ɓurngu heewde e Rodesi, e nder yonta mo leydi ndii woni e les njiimaandi doole Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe. Obasanjo jaɓii eɓɓaande ndee, o yilliima Tansani, Sammbi, Mosammbik, e Republiik Demokaratik Konngo ngam wiyde laamuuji mum en yo mbaɗ noon. Kono caggal nde Thatcher wonti gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi Angalteer, leydi Nijeer woɗɗitii hoore mum e darnde Angalteer ngam haɗde wolde Bush Rhodesian, o woppitaa kala darnde teeŋtunde e nder golle ɗe Angalteer waɗi, ɗe ngaddani wooteeji demokaraasi ɗi leƴƴi keewɗi mbaɗi e hitaande... Ko o hooreejo leydi, Obasanjo tawtoraama batuuji OAU. E oon sahaa yuɓɓinaa e lewru sulyee 1977, o eɓɓi sosde goomu jooɗiiɗo ngam haɓaade luural hakkunde leyɗeele jeyaaɗe e OAU. E batu 1978, o jeertinii wonde banngeeji ɗiɗi ɗii fof ina poti naatde e wolde huuɓtodinnde. E nder batu garoowo oo, o wiyi yo konu Pan-Afriknaajo sose, baawɗo waɗde golle ngam hisnude jam e nder duunde he. Ngam ɓamtuki darnde lesdi Naajeeriya nder duuniyaaru, Obasanjo nasti nder kuuɗe feere-feere ɗe lesdi Naajeeriya nder Afrika fuu. E hitaande 1977, o heɓtinii Benin e Togo yoo ndartin luural hakkunde keeri mum en, nguddita keeri mum en. O etinooma kadi haɓaade luural hakkunde leyɗeele keewɗe Fuɗnaange Afrik, o haɗa ɗum kadi ruttaade e Dental Fuɗnaange Afrik, kono o dañii heen caɗeele. Ko o hooreejo goomu jokkondire OAU, o etinooma jokkondire Ogaden hakkunde Ecoppi e Somali kono kadi o dañaani. O waawaano kadi feewnude luural peeñngal hakkunde Angalteer e leydi Konngo. E innde OAU, Obasanjo waɗii batu to Kano ngam haɓaade hare hakkunde leyɗeele Caad. Feddeeji keewɗi njaɓii darnude wolde, sosde laamu ngootaagu ngenndi, e accude konu leydi Najeriya ina waɗa jam. Hare nden noon jokki, Naajeeriya jaabtii e taƴde petroŋ mum to Caad. Koolol ɗiɗmol ko faati e hare ndee waɗii to Lagos e lewru ut 1979, ɗum addani laamu nguu sosde laamu nguu, ngu juutaani. E hitaande sakkitiinde e laamu makko konu, o ardii golle OAU ngam safrude wolde Saharaa hirnaange. == Jaltugol laamu == Laamu militeer en hawri ko e goomu ƴettugol doosɗe leydi ngam ƴettude doosgal kesal potngal huutoreede e nder mbayliigu laamu siwil. Goomu nguu hollitii wonde Naajeeriya ina foti waylude laamu mum, ngu tuugii ko e laamu parlemaa leydi Angalteer, ngu tuugnii e laamu hooreejo leydi Amerik, ɗo hooreejo leydi gooto cuɓaaɗo woni hooreejo leydi e hooreejo laamu. Ngam haɗude oo hooreejo leydi wontude diktatoor, hono no waɗirnoo e nokkuuji goɗɗi e nder Afrik nii, o ɗaɓɓi ƴeewndorɗe keewɗe e doole maɓɓe, haa arti noon e njuɓɓudi fedde nde, ɗo juɓɓule cuɓaaɗe keertiiɗe ngoni ɗoo e to bannge fedde, to bannge dowri, to bannge nokkuuji. Eɓɓaande doosgal leydi ndii yaltinaa ko e lewru oktoobar 1976, nde yeewtidaa e yeeso yimɓe fof e hitaande aroore ndee.Asamblee doosgal leydi hawri ngam yeewtidde e eɓɓaande doosgal leydi ndii e lewru oktoobar 1977. Asaambele leydi ndii ina jokki e ƴeewde hol darnde nde sariya sharia rokkata e nder doosgal leydi ndii. Obasanjo noddii dental ngal, o jeertini ɓe batte kuulal ngal ɓe mbaɗi e renndo, o wiyi ɓe yo ɓe ƴettu jikkuuji ɓurɗi moƴƴude. E lewru suwee 1978, Diiso toowngo konu (Conseil suprême militaire) habri doosɗe leydi kese ɗee ; nde waɗiino waylooji keewɗi e mbaydi ndi asaambele doosgal leydi ndii ƴetti. Yanti e doosgal kesal ngal, Obasanjo itti haɗde lanndaaji politik. Ndeen pelle keewɗe mbaɗii ngam tawtoreede wooteeji garooji ɗii, ko ɓuri teeŋtude heen ko lannda ngootaagu Yoruba, lannda yimɓe Naajeeriya, e lannda ngenndiijo Naajeeriya. Obasanjo mettini heen no feewi nde tawnoo heewɓe e dawriyankooɓe ina mbaɗa fodoore nde ɓe mbaawataa ɗooftaade. Woote ɗee mbaɗi ko e nder lewru sulyee e lewru ut 1979. Wootooɓe ɓee ina pamɗi, ko hakkunde 30 e 40% e wootooɓe winnditiiɓe e sariya, tee ina waɗi fenaande banngeeji keewɗi, hay so tawii noon ko jam. Wonno ko jeewte ko fayti e hol keɓɗo woote hooreleydaagu, Obasanjo salii ñaawde, o wiyi yo Komisariyaa woote ƴetta oon darnde.Ɓe kollitii wonde Shehu Shagari woni keɓɗo, huunde nde gardiiɗo ɗiɗaɓo oo, hono Obafemi Awolowo, luulndii to Ñaawirde Toownde, tawi o dañaani heen nafoore. Shagari ƴetti laamu ko e lewru oktoobar 1979 ; e nder kewu udditgol makko, Obasanjo rokki Shagari koppi doosgal leydi kesal. Ko ɗum woni fuɗɗoode Republique ɗiɗaɓere leydi Najeriya. Darnde Obasanjo nder wartirki lesdi Naajeeriya haa laamu siwil, ɗum laatoto darnde woore nde o jogi nder duuɓi cappanɗe ɗiɗi garooji. Kono yimɓe heewɓe e nder leydi ndii e caggal leydi, ina jeyaa heen hooreejo leydi Zambie, hono Kenneth Kaunda e hooreejo leydi Togo, hono Gnassingbé Eyadéma, ina ɗaɓɓi e makko yo o heddo e laamu. Jaɓde makko wallitde Awolowo, banndiiko Yoruba, addani mo gaño ko heewi e elite Yoruba. Awolowo tuumi Obasanjo ko kanko woni orkestraaji Shagari, huunde nde Obasanjo yeddi no feewi. == Ko adii laamu (1979-1999) == Ko adii nde o yaltata laamu, e lewru abriil 1979, Obasanjo ƴetti hoore mum e darnde seneraal ; ko o seneraal koode nay o jokki e heɓde njoɓdi dowla. Nde o woppi golle e lewru oktoobar, o arti Abeokuta. Caggal nde o waɗi kursus jonte jeegom to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde heblo ndema, Obasanjo ƴetti hoore mum e ndema, omo ɗaminii waɗde yeru e hirjinde ƴellitaare ndema. O heɓi ko famɗi fof 230 ektaar leydi to Ota ngam sosde ngesa makko, o naati ɗoon e galle ngesa birik. Wonno ko gaññeeje nokkuyankooje e dañde leydi ndi haa heewi, ñaawirɗe keewɗe ngaddaama e makko sabu ɗuum. Golle makko ndema yuɓɓinaama e fedde makko wiyeteende Temperance, caggal ɗuum o inniri ɗum « Obasanjo’s Farms Limited ». O waɗti heen hakkille teeŋtuɗo e ndema colli ; e cakkital kitaale 1980, ngesa makko ina ɓuuɓna 140 000 cukalel e yontere. O sosi kadi gese e nder gure goɗɗe to bannge worgo-fuɗnaange, e hitaande 1987 gese makko ina njogii ko ina tolnoo e 400 gollotooɗo e nokkuuji jeetati. Hono no yimɓe Yoruba woɗɓe lolluɓe nii, Obasanjo ina wallitnoo almudɓe miskineeɓe to duɗal makko ɓooyngal to Abeokuta. Obasanjo ɓeydii ñiŋde laamu siwil Shagari, o wiyi hooreejo leydi ndii ina famɗi semmbe, ina ŋakkiraa peeje. Naajeeriya nasti nder ɓillaaji faggudu ngam waylaaki coggu petrol nder duuniyaaru. E lewru mee 1983, mawɓe konu ɗaɓɓiri Obasanjo nde ƴettata laamu leydi ndii kadi, kono o salii. E lewru desaambar, ɓe liɓi Shagari tawi Obasanjo alaa heen, e nder kuudetaa mo yiyaani fitinaaji seeɗa. Muhammadu Buhari laati hooreejo lesdi sooje'en keso. Obasanjo fuɗɗii wallugo laamu Buhari, o wi'i demokaraasi wakiili'en ɗon ƴaɓɓitoo haa lesdi Naajeeriya. O yetti Buhari ngam haɓugo bee cemmbiɗinki lesdi, o ɗon mari feccere nder nastirde lesdi, nden o ɗon wartira budget booɗɗum. E lewru ut 1985, Buhari kadi liɓaama, hooreejo konu Ibraahiima Babangida ƴetti laamu. Obasanjo ina ñiŋa won e peeje faggudu ɗe Babangida waɗi, haa arti noon e ustude njoɓdi naira. E hitaande 1992, luulndaare makko e laamu Babangida addani mo noddude yo leydi Najeriya artire demokaraasi. O fuɗɗii kadi salaade politikaaji faggudu (indigenisation) e kitaale 1970, o wiyi doosɗe leydi ina poti haɗde ƴettugol jawdi caggal leydi. E nder ɗuum, o sikki laamu nguu ina foti teeŋtinde ƴellitaare nde laamu nguu ardii. O ɓeydii hulɓinaade ko ɓeydagol yimɓe, toɓɓere nde o yejjitaani nde o woni e laamu, o wiyi Naajeeriyankooɓe yo njogo ɓesnguuji tokoosi "ngam nafoore faggudu maɓɓe e renndo-faggudu ngenndi". E nder duuɓi sappo e go’o caggal nde Obasanjo woppi laamu, o yaltinii defte nay. E hitaande 1980, Obasanjo wonnoo ko tedduɗo to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Ibadan, ɗo o winndi deftere wiyeteende My Command, daartol ko faati e geɗe makko e nder wolde hakkunde leyɗeele ; nde yalti ko e lewru noowammbar ndeen hitaande. Won e janngooɓe ñiŋii ko ɓe njiyri ko Obasanjo ina ŋakkira Murtala Muhammed, Robert Adeyinka Adebayo, mawɗo politik Yoruba, wiyi yo deftere ndee yaltine ngam haɗde nde aawde feccere. Ƴeewirde ɓurnde moƴƴude ndee waɗi ko sehil makko, hono Ken Saro-Wiwa, o innitiri ɗum masterly kono o sikki ko ɗum waɗi ballal rewindaade no feewi. E hitaande 1987, o yaltini Nzeogwu, deftere ciimtol sehil makko Chukwuma Nzeogwu, mo o gollodtonoo to Konngo. Hitaande 1989, deftere Obasanjo yaltini, wiyeteende Doosgal leydi ngam naatgol e ƴellitaare, nde o jeertini e hujjaaji Babangida ngam sosde laamu lanndaaji ɗiɗi e nder leydi Najeriya. E hitaande 1990, deftere makko tataɓere, wiyeteende Not my volonté yalti. Nde rokki ciimtol sahaa nde o laaminoo leydi ndii. == Golle hakkunde leyɗeele: 1979-1993 == E hitaande 1986 Obasanjo jokkondiri e Nelson Manndelaa. O hollitii wonde "ko kawral ngal meeɗaa yejjiteede. Mi yiyii e [Mandelaa] Afriknaajo worgo, ko Afriknaajo tigi rigi, kadi ko gardiiɗo winndere mo alaa ko woni e mum. O ɓuri ardiiɓe ɓe min kawri e mum en e nder Afrik worgo ɓee fof." E yiɗde jogaade semmbe e dingiral winnderewal, Obasanjo udditi Fedde Ardorde Afrik e nder ngesa mum Ota. Tuggi 1981 haa 1982, o jooɗiima kadi e Komiseer Palme, fedde nde gonnooɗo gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi Suwed, hono Olof Palme ardii, yeewtidnde ko fayti e ustude kaɓirɗe e kisal winndere. Obasanjo rewi heen ko e jeyeede e goomuuji nannduɗi e ɗii ɗoo, wonande Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe, Fedde Adunaare Cellal, e Goomu hakkunde-leyɗeewu ardiiɓe laamuuji ɓooyɗi. Nde Javier Pérez de Cuéllar, hooreejo Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe rafi, Obasanjo hiisetee ko potɗo lomtaade mo. Caggal nde Pérez de Cuéllar holliti woppii laamu, Obasanjo fuɗɗii kampaañ ngam lomtaade mo. E woote Goomu Kisal Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe, o woni tataɓo, tawi ko Boutros Boutros-Ghali, Ejiptnaajo, ƴetti darnde ndee. O yalti galle makko e njilluuji keewɗi; e hitaande 1986 o yilliima Japon, e hitaande 1987 o yilliima U.S. E nder luural hakkunde leyɗeele dentuɗe Amerik ngam yiɗde ɓurde yooɗde e Afrik worgo, nanondiraama wonde fedde wiyeteende Eminent Persons Group (EPG) ina sosee ngam fuɗɗoraade kaaldigal e laamu Afrik worgo ngam wallitde ɗum e ustude apartaayd. E dow wasiyaaji cukko hooreejo leydi Naajeeriya, hono Emeka Anyaoku, Obasanjo suɓaama ngam ardaade fedde nde e wonndude e gonnooɗo gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi Ostarali, hono Malcolm Fraser. Obasanjo jaɓi e dow fenaande. E lewru feebariyee 1986, kanko e Fraser ɓe njahi to wuro wiyeteengo Cape Town ɗo ɓe naamndii ngam hawritde e Nelson Manndelaa, daraniiɗo apartaayd, tergal mawngal e nder fedde wiyeteende Congres National Africaine (ANC) haɗaande. Ko Obasanjo tan yamiraa jokkondirde e Manndelaa ; o wiyi caggal ɗuum wonde omo weltii e makko no feewi. Ndeen Obasanjo hawrii e mawɓe ANC wonɓe e egguɓe to Lusaka. E lewru marse 1986, EPG oo fof yilliima Afrik worgo, e nder yonta mo jiiɓru e fitinaaji nder galleeji ɓeydii mawnude.Ko ɗoon ɓe kawri e mawɓe laamu nguu, ina jeyaa heen gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi ndii hono P. W. Botha, mo Obasanjo siftini caggal ɗuum wonde ko neɗɗo ɓurɗo muñde mo meeɗaa hawrude. Ciimtol EPG ngol hollitii wonde, so tawii ko ɓuri heewde e yimɓe Afrik worgo ina njiɗi nanondiral ngal alaa ko bonnata hakkunde laamu nguu e pelle luulndiiɗe apartaayd, gadano oo yiɗaa miijaade ɗum, tee alaa ko yahri yeeso no feewi ngam joofnude apartaayd. EPG noon hollitii wonde ina haani ɓeydaade tiiɗnaade e nder winndere ndee. Goomu Commonwealth jaɓii ko ciimtol ngol holliti, tawi Angalteer ina luulndii ɗum ; ɗum addani Obasanjo ɓeydaade mettinde Thatcher. Ndeen Commonwealth yamirii mo yo o ardo goomu ngam yuurnitaade ko Dowlaaji Dentuɗi ɗii poti daranaade koye mum en e njiimaandi Afrik worgo. Caggal nde Botha lomtinaa F. W. de Klerk, ooɗoo ɗiɗaɓo yaltini Manndelaa kasoo. Ina jeyaa e ɗanle Mandelaa gadane caggal leydi, to Niiseer, ɗo o yilli Obasanjo to galle mum. Lebbi ɗiɗi caggal ɗuum, Obasanjo ardii delegaasiyoŋ Najeriya to Afrik worgo ngam yeewtidde e yimɓe mawɓe politik. E lewru suwee 1991, o yilliima kadi, o wiyi hooreejo Zulu en, hono Mangosuthu Buthelezi, yo waɗ kaaldigal e pelle goɗɗe ngam wallitde dartinde apartaayd e waɗde woote timmuɗe. Obasanjo kadi golliima e ƴellitaare nokkuuji goɗɗi e nder Afrik. O yilliima Angalteer laabi ɗiɗi e nder hitaande 1988, o wallitii e darnde ngam joofnude wolde hakkunde leyɗeele toon. O yilliima kadi Sudaan laabi tati hakkunde 1987 e 1989, tawi o dañaani heen nafoore, o hirjinii kaaldigal ngam joofnude wolde ɗiɗmere Sudaan. Ndeen o wonii ƴeewoowo e wooteeji gardagol leydi Mosammbik e hitaande 1994. E hitaande 1994 e 1995, o yilliima Burundi, o golliima ngam deeƴnude caɗeele hakkunde leƴƴi Hutu en e Tutsi en. O fuɗɗinooma noddude jokkondiral ɓurngal ɓadaade e nder Afrik, o wiyi ɗum ina waawi heɓtineede e sosde feddeeji jeegom diiwaanuuji. E lewru suwee 1987, o ƴettiino peeje ngam yuɓɓinde Fedde Ardorde Afrik, nde wallitta rokkude karallaagal e heblo wonande politikaaji ummoriiɗi e duunde he kala. Nde fuɗɗii waɗde batuuji, anndiraaɗi « Dialogues de la maison de la ferme » , gila e galle Obasanjo fotde laabi jeegom e nder hitaande. Kadi nde waɗii batuuji winndereeji kala lewru, nde yaltinii jaaynde kala lewru, wiyeteende “Forum Afrique” hakkunde 1991 e 1993. == Haɓde e Abacha: 1992-1995 == Obasanjo hollitii kulhuli mum, sibu, hay so tawii o wiyi ina wallita gartugol demokaraasi, Babangida alaa ko anniyaaki so wonaa woppude laamu konu. Caggal nde wooteeji gardagol leydi ndi ndarnaa e hitaande 1992, Obasanjo e Anthony Enahoro ndarni fedde ngam demokaraasi e laamu moƴƴu e nder leydi Najeriya. Joɗnde adannde fedde ndee hawri ko e 31 neɗɗo politik nder leydi to Ota e lewru mee 1993. Wooteeji mbaɗi caggal ɗuum e lewru suwee 1993, tawi yimɓe seeɗa tawtoraama. Moshood Abiola mo lannda Social Democratic (SDP) heɓi, kono Babangida ndeen woppii njeñtudi woote ɗee, fodaniino woote ɗiɗmere ko ɓooyaani. SDP salii kala woote ɗiɗmere nde tawnoo ɓe mbiyi ko kanndidaa maɓɓe heɓiino woote gadane ɗee. Ndeen Babangida jaɓii woppude laamu ngam suɓaade laamu siwil jooɗiiɗo, ngu Ernest Shonekan ardii, ngu heɓi laamu e lewru ut 1993, ngu ƴetti peeje ngam waɗde wooteeji kesi e lewru feebariyee 1994. Seneraal Sani Abacha siftinii gooto e gorko gooto, mo wondude e do-gooders woɗɓe, eɓɓi ñaamde wumre ndee. Heddiiɓe ɓee mbayliima tan, oo Samariyanke nannduɗo e moƴƴo [...] arti ngam ƴettude pot suukara e juuɗe wumre ndee ngam hoore mum. Kadi, ko ɓuri heewde e men Nijeernaaɓe, ko en ƴeewooɓe, en mbeltiima. E nder kala sababuuji, ŋakkaani tawtoraaɓe e ñaamde ndee. Kadi ɓe ngoppaani batte moraal. == — Obasanjo, e dow kuudetaa Sani Abacha, hitaande 1994 == E oon sahaa, Sani Abacha tiiɗtinii doole mum e konu, e lewru noowammbar 1993, o felliti Shonekan yo woppu laamu, o acci hoore makko ƴettude laamu. Obasanjo noddiino Abacha ko adii kuudetaa oo, ina ñaagii ɗum nde woppataa ngalɗoo laawol. Caggal nde Abacha heɓti laamu, o wiyi Obasanjo yo jokkondir e makko. Ko sakkitii koo waɗii, kono salii wallitde laamu Abacha haa nde anndini ñalngu ngu yaltata e hoore mum. Ndeen Abacha momtii lanndaaji politik gonɗi ɗii e juɓɓule demokaraasiije, o noddi politikaaji ummoriiɗi e nokkuuji ceertuɗi yo naata e Diisnondiral makko Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe ; Obasanjo salii toɗɗaade hay gooto e ndeeɗoo diiso. Obasanjo fuɗɗi jeertinde wonde Naajeeriya ina yahra e wolde hakkunde leyɗeele woɗnde e nder feccere leƴƴi, e lewru mee 1994 kanko e Yar'Adua ɓe ndarni fedde wiyeteende National Unity Promoters, fedde daraniinde haɗde ndeeɗoo feere. E lewru Juko, Abiola anndini hoore mum hooreejo lesdi Naajeeriya, nden o nanngaama ngam janfa. Hay so tawii Obasanjo saliima jaɓde haala Abiola, o wasiyiima Abacha nde woppataa ɗum. Ndeen o ardiima fedde ardiiɓe aadaaji e batu ngu ɓe ndarni ngam fuɗɗoraade kaaldigal hakkunde Abacha e Abiola. Jaɓugo maako wallugo Abiola mettini Yoruba'en ɗuuɗɓe, jawdi Obasanjo haa lesdi Yoruba'en ɗon ƴama.Obasanjo mettini bee ko o yi'i bana jukkungo ngam o wallitaako nafuuda sectari'en Yoruba'en. E lewru marse 1995, Obasanjo ina wonnoo to leydi Danemark ngam tawtoreede batu Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe ngam ɓamtaare renndo to Kopenhag. Nde o woni ton, o nani Yar'Adua nanngaama, malla o heɓan bana non to o warti Naajeeriya. O wiyi noon o wiyi alaa ko o waɗi, o felliti hootde. Waɗi sahaa gooto to Aeroport Lagos, passport makko nanngaa, janngo mum, polis ƴetti mo e galle makko Ota. Polis tuumi Obasanjo ina jokkondiri e kuudetaa mo Abacha waɗi, mo kolonel Lawan Gwadabe yuɓɓini. Obasanjo nawtaama hakkunde nokkuuji deentorɗi ceertuɗi, tawi gonnooɗo hooreejo leydi Amerik hono Carter e hoore mum jokkondirii e Abacha ngam ɗaɓɓude yo Obasanjo woppe. Ndeen Obasanjo artiraama to Ota, o waɗtaa e kasoo fotde lebbi ɗiɗi, e nder ɗuum o haɗaama heɓde jaayɗe, telefoŋ, walla njilluuji. Goɗɗo e tuumaaɗo wonde ina jeyaa e kuudetaa oo, hono Kolonel RSB Bello-Fadile, awokaa konu, ina wondi e caɗeele, e nder ɗuum o siifondiri e bayyinaango wonde o yahiino to Ota ngam humpitaade Obasanjo ko fayti e kuudetaa oo no woniri e peewnugol. Ɗum huutoraama ngam seedeeji ngam ñaawde Obasanjo e suuɗde fenaande, ko ɗum huunde nde sariyaaji leydi Najeriya mbaɗi.Ndeen o nawaama to nokku naamne kisal leydi ndii to Ikoyi. Abacha wiyi yo Obasanjo ñaawe e yeeso ñaawirdu konu, ñaawirdu nduu waɗi ñalnde 19 suwee 1995. E nder ñaawoore ndee, Obasanjo yedditii wonde RSB Bello-Fadile meeɗaa hawrude e makko. RSB Bello-Fadile kadi hollitii wonde o siifondirii e bayyinaango ngo Obasanjo jogori waɗde e dow doole, kono ñaawirdu nduu saliima ndeeɗoo ruttaade. Ñalnde 14 sulyee, ñaawirde ndee ñaawi Obasanjo duuɓi 25 kasoo ; Yar'Adua e woɗɓe sappo e nayo kadi tuumaaɗo wonde e nder fedde nde, ñaawaama warngo.Obasanjo caggal ɗuum noddi ɗum "ñalngu mum ɓurngu mettude". Caggal nde hooreejo leydi Amerik biyeteeɗo Bill Clinton holliti wonde leydi mum ina jogori haɗde petroŋ leydi Naajeeriya so tawii ɗeen warngooji mbaɗii, Abacha wayli ñaawoore maɓɓe, o ustii ñaawoore Obasanjo haa duuɓi 15. == Kasoo: 1995-1998 == Obasanjo waɗi lebbi nay garooji ɗii ko e nokku biyeteeɗo Ikoyi Centre, ɗo o fuɗɗii nanngeede e nder kasoo gooto. Ndeen o nawaama to kasoo mawɗo Lagos, Kirikiri, ɗo o woni e opitaal kasoo ngam rafi hipertension e jabet. Sarɗiiji Kirikiri ina keewi, ina ŋakki, Obasanjo wiyi wonde « yiɗaa ɗum e gaño am ɓurɗo bonde ». Ko ɗoon RSB Bello-Fadile ñaagii Obasanjo yaafuya sabu mum ƴattaade ɗum, Obasanjo yaafni ɗum. Ndeen winndannde nde RSB Bello-Fadile winndi ngam humpitaade ngonka kaa, yaltinaama e kasoo, yaltinaa, wallitii hollirde wonde Obasanjo alaa ko o waɗi. Caggal jonte keewɗe, Obasanjo e woɗɓe tuumaaɓe waɗde fedde ndee, njaltinaama to kasoo Jos to diiwaan hakkundeejo, to diiwaan Plateau ɗo ɓe ngoni lebbi keewɗi. Obasanjo fuɗɗinoo hokkaama tan ko Biibal e Quraana ngam janngude, kono seeɗa-seeɗa o acci binndi ɓurɗi yaajde. Binndol kadi ina rokka mo, ina addana mo jokkondirde e yimɓe e juɓɓule ceertuɗe, haa jooni Stella ina jaɓa yillaade mo lewru kala laawol gootol. Mandelaa e Pape Jean Paul II fof noddii yo o woppe, tawi noon sosiyeteeji Inndo e Almaañ fof ina ndokki mo njeenaaje winndereeje.Forum ardorde Afrik yaltinii defte ɗiɗi ɓataakeeji e binndanɗe binndaaɗe ngam teddinde mo ; Forum oo e hoore mum dogiino ummoraade Accra to Ganaa ngam daɗde e tooñanngeeji laamu Abacha. E fuɗɗoode hitaande 1996, Obasanjo ummiima Jos, fayti e kasoo ɓurɗo woɗɗude to Yola, to diiwaan Adamawa. Ko ɗoon o jaɓaa remde gesa.[194] Obasanjo hollitii wonde e nder kasoo o ɓeydii luggiɗde e goonɗinal makko e Kerecee’en, o ɓadtii Alla,[194] o wonti Kerecee’en jibinaaɗo.[195] Gila ndeen, diine kerecee en ina joginoo darnde ɓurnde mawnude e nder yi’annde makko aduna. To Yola, o waajii 28 waaju yontere kala caggal nde jaagorɗe njilluuji ndartinaa e wakkati seeɗa. O winndi ɗeen waajuuji, o acci ɗi njaltina nde o yalti.[195] Obasanjo kadi etinooma moƴƴinde yoga e sukaaɓe kasoo, rewrude e yahrude yeeso maɓɓe nde o wonti neɗɗo dimo.[196] Obasanjo hulii wonde maa o tooke, haa teeŋti noon e nder haalaaji renndo wonde maayde Yar'adua ko tooke anniya.[197] Abacha sankii ɗoon e ɗoon e lewru suwee 1998, caggal ɗuum komanndaaji konu nguu toɗɗii Seneraal Major Abdulsalaami Abubakar lomto makko. Yontere caggal mum, Abubakar yamiri yo Obasanjo woppe, o neldi laana ndiwoowa ngam artirde mo to Ota.[197] E yiɗde wartirde leydi Naajeeriya e laamu siwil, Abubakar fusi lanndaaji e juɓɓule leydi ndi gonɗe heen ɗee, o anndini peeje ɗe ngaddanta hooreejo leydi siwil toɗɗaade e lewru mee 1999.[198] == Kampaañ ngam suɓaade hooreejo leydi : 1998-1999 == Jooni ko o neɗɗo dimo, Obasanjo yahiino Afrik worgo, Angalteer, e Amerik, ɗo o safraa.[199] Lanndaaji politik kesi ina mbaɗa e nder leydi Najeriya, gooto e ɓurɓe mawnude e majji ko lannda Demokaraasi Leƴƴi (PDP), fedde nde yiɗnoo ko yaajde no feewi, so tawii ko e laamu, nde haɗata kuudetaaji garooji.[199] Terɗe PDP mawɗe ndartinii Obasanjo ngam wonde kanndidaa hooreejo leydi. Ɓe cikkatnoo ko omo waawi yamirde teddungal winnderewal, kadi ko o neɗɗo militeer, omo waawi jogaade leydi ndii e dow kuudetaaji garooji e dille seertuɗe. Ɓe mbi'i kadi Naajeeriya ɗon mari haaje hooreejo lesdi fombina ngam foondugo ardungal maako arandewal haa woyla, nden Obasanjo holli hoore maako bana fombina mo walaa ƴamol dow fombina.[200] Sehilaaɓe e ɓesngu ina mbiya yo o dog, mbiyi o bonnat innde makko moƴƴere walla o wara. Obasanjo hollitii wonde o saliima, kono ñalnde 28 lewru nduu o naati e lannda PDP, yontere caggal ɗuum o hollitii wonde o woni ko e waɗde hoore makko ngam wonde kanndidaa hooreejo lannda ka.[201] E nder kampaañ makko, o teeŋtinii yiɗde makko artirde ko o sikki ko ndonu laamu moƴƴu nde o yalti e laamu e hitaande 1979.[202] E nder dingiral mooftugol kaalis, o dañii N356 miliyoŋ, heen N120 miliyoŋ ko njulaagu Aliko Dangote rokki ɗum. Ko ɓuri heewde e ɗeen dokke ummorii ko e worɓe militeer en e njuɓɓudi njulaagu kesiri.[202] O yilliima leydi ndii, o waɗii konnguɗi e ɗaɓɓude heɗtiiɓe e yimɓe teeŋtuɓe ; ƴamde guwerneeruuji dowlaaji ko huunde maantiniinde e mbaadi makko.[203] Kampaañ makko ina ɓuuɓna kampaañ makko mawɗo, hono Alex Ekwueme, mo yimɓe worgo e konu nguu ngoongɗinaani no feewi.[204] PDP ina heɓa leydi e nder leydi Najeriya, ina hollita wonde ko kañum woni lannda ɓurka waawde e nder wooteeji laamu nokkuuji ɗii e lewru Duujal 1998, e wooteeji diiwaanuuji ɗii e lewru Yarkomaa 1999, e wooteeji Senaa e suudu sarɗiiji e lewru Feebariyee 1999.[205] Ñalnde 14 feebariyee 1999, batu PDP noddaa ngam suɓaade kanndidaa mum to hooreejo leydi. Obasanjo heɓi 1 658 woote, Ekwueme heɓi 521, e kanndidaaji joy keddiiɗi ɗii 260.[206] E ɗaɓɓude neɗɗo worgo ngam wonde cukko hooreejo leydi PDP, Obasanjo suɓii Atiku Abubakar.[207] Woote hooreleydaagu mbaɗi ko ñalnde 27 feebariyee ; Ko Olu Falae mo APP tan woni luutndiiɗo Obasanjo. Fotde feccere e fotɓe suɓaade ɓee mbaɗii noon, won heen ko fenaande hay so tawii alaa ko bonnata. Taƴre laawɗunde ndee rokkii Obasanjo 63% e wooteeji ɗii ; ko kanko woni majjuɗo e nder dowlaaji jeegom ɗii fof e nder leydi makko Yoruba.[208] == Hooreejo leydi (1999-2007) == == Manndaa gadano (1999-2003) == == Siile hooreejo leydi Naajeeriya == Caggal nde o riiwti ɗum, Obasanjo naati e nder galle hooreejo leydi to Aso Rock e lewru mee 1999 caggal nde o hunni hooreejo leydi to Eagle Square to Abuja.[209] Nde o toɗɗii laamu maako kesu, o suɓi ministaajo ɗuuɗɗum diga woylaare lesdi Naajeeriya, koo ngam ko ɓuri ɗuuɗugo nder maɓɓe woni Kirista'en, ɗum mettini woɓɓe juulɓe woylaare lesdi Naajeeriya. Ɓeen ñiŋooɓe ina keewi sifaade wonde kabine Obasanjo ina ɓooyi no feewi, ina ŋakkiraa humpito, haa teeŋti noon so tawii ko e geɗe faggudu.[210] E nder laamu makko gadano, toɓɓe ndimaagu ɗe Naajeeriya’en keɓata ɓeydii; ndimaagu jaayndeeji ina addana hooreejo leydi ndi ñiŋde no feewi.[211] E nder lebbi gadani laamu makko, Obasanjo woppii fotde 200 ofisee militeer, tawi heen 93 fof ina njogii jappeere politik, ɗum noon ko kuudetaa mo ofiseeji keewɗi humpito mbaɗata ina famɗi.[209] O ummini kadi ministeer defansiyoŋ gila Lagos haa Abuja, ngam tabitinki ɗum waddaama les njiimaandi laamu ɓurndi laaɓtude.[209] == Manndaa ɗiɗaɓo (2003-2007) == Obasanjo suɓaama kadi e woote 2003 ɗe njuumtaani, tawi ina waɗi caɗeele leƴƴi e diineeji. Gaño makko mawɗo, gonnooɗo laamɗo konu Seneraal Muhammadu Buhari, ko juulɗo, o heɓi ballal makko ko ɓuri heewde ko e fuɗnaange. Obasanjo heɓi 61,8% e woote ɗe, o fooli Buhari ko ɓuri miliyoŋaaji 11 woote.[212] E lewru noowammbar 2003, Obasanjo ñiŋaama sabu kuulal mum rokkude asilo hooreejo leydi Liberiya, hono Charles Taylor.[213] Ñalnde 12 lewru juko hitaande 2006, o siifondiri nanondiral Greentree e hooreejo leydi Kameruun Paul Biya nanondiral ngal joofniri luural keeri hakkunde duunde Bakassi.[214] Hay so tawii Senaa leydi Najeriya ƴettii kuulal ngam wiyde wonde ittugol konu leydi Najeriya e nder duunde Bakassi ko huunde nde fotaani, Obasanjo rokki yamiroore nde jokkata no haanirta nii.[215] E manndaa makko ɗiɗaɓo, Obasanjo jokki e daranaade yaajnude doole polis leydi ndii, haa arti noon e 325 000 polis e hitaande 2007.[216] Fitinaaji laddeeji jokkuɗi hakkunde juulɓe e kerecee en e nder diiwaan Plateau addani Obasanjo bayyinde toon laamu nguu e lewru mee 2004, o dartini laamu diiwaan oo, o darni laamu konu lebbi jeegom.[217] Ñalnde 22 lewru nduu hitaande 2005, guwerneer diiwaan Abia e oon sahaa, hono Orji Uzor Kalu, rokki EFCC ɗaɓɓaande ngam tuumaade wonde Obasanjo waɗii golle bonɗe.[218] == Ajenda manndaa tataɓo == Obasanjo ina wondi e luural ko fayti e « Agenda mum tataɓo » , woni peeje ngam waylude doosgal leydi ndii mbele omo waawa jogaade manndaa tataɓo, duuɓi nay, e gardagol leydi ndii. Ɗum waɗii ƴamol nder jaayndeeji siyaasaaku nder Naajeeriya, nden boo kuugal ngal jaɓaaka nder Asamblee lesdi.[219][220] Ko ɗum waɗi Obasanjo woppi laamu caggal wooteeji gardagol leydi e lewru abriil 2007.[221] E nder yeewtere hesere nde o waɗdunoo e teleeji Channels, Obasanjo saliima jeyeede e ko wiyetee « Ajenda tataɓo ». O wi'i ɗum Asamblee lesdi Naajeeriya ɗon mari limngal limngal limngal limngal lesdi Naajeeriya. Obasanjo wiyi : "mi meeɗaa fiyde miijo manndaa tataɓo."[222] == Ajenda manndaa tataɓo == Obasanjo ina wondi e luural ko fayti e « Agenda mum tataɓo » , woni peeje ngam waylude doosgal leydi ndii mbele omo waawa jogaade manndaa tataɓo, duuɓi nay, e gardagol leydi ndii. Ɗum waɗii ƴamol nder jaayndeeji siyaasaaku nder Naajeeriya, nden boo kuugal ngal jaɓaaka nder Asamblee lesdi.[219][220] Ko ɗum waɗi Obasanjo woppi laamu caggal wooteeji gardagol leydi e lewru abriil 2007.[221] E nder yeewtere hesere nde o waɗdunoo e teleeji Channels, Obasanjo saliima jeyeede e ko wiyetee « Ajenda tataɓo ». O wi'i ɗum Asamblee lesdi Naajeeriya ɗon mari limngal limngal limngal limngal lesdi Naajeeriya. Obasanjo wiyi : "mi meeɗaa fiyde miijo manndaa tataɓo."[222] Obasanjo ñaawaama e juuɗe mawɓe politik e nder sagata Agenda manndaa tataɓo. Senator Ken Nnamani, hooreejo suudu joonde diidaaɗi lesdi Naajeeriya, wi'i Obasanjo anndini mo dow ajendaaji ɗin ɓaawo o laati hooreejo suudu joonde diidaaɗi lesdi Naajeeriya. O wiyi : "Ɗoon e ɗoon, ngon-mi hooreejo senaa, o haalani mi anniya makko, o haalani mi no o yiɗiri heɓde ɗum. Miin e fuɗɗoode mi ƴettataa mo no feewi haa kewuuji ɗii puɗɗii feeñde." O hollitii kadi wonde Miliyaaruuji jeetati (8) Naira njaltinaama ngam wallitde depiteeji ɗii ngam wallitde ajendaaji ɗii, o naamndii : « hol no neɗɗo waawirta haalde nii tawa o anndaa ɗum, tee kaalis, e kaalis leydi ndii e kaalis leydi ndii fof, ina wayla juuɗe ». Femi Gbajabiamila tabbitini haala Nnamani ammaa o waɗi limngal man feere-feere, o wi'i: "Kaalis man hawti bee miliyaaruuji N10. Hol no N10bn wurtinirtee nder ceede lesdi ngam eɓɓoore nde a woni hooreejo jooɗiiɗo, ammaa nden eɓɓoore laataaki miijo ma? Toy ceede man iwdi?" E nder haalaaji garooji ɗii, Nnamani wiyi wonde hooreejo leydi Amerik hono George W. Bush jeertinii Obasanjo nde woppataa peeje mum ngam tawtoreede woote gardagol leydi e manndaa tataɓo. O wiyi : "so aɗa yiɗi hoolkisaade wonde gorko oo ina haala fenaande tan, ƴettu deftere nde Condoleezza Rice, gonnooɗo jaagorgal leydi Amerik winndi. Ko goonga ko deftere nde Rice winndi. E hello 628 walla hello 638, o yeewtidii e Obasanjo, no o yiɗiri hawrude e hooreejo leydi Ameriknaajo oo, no o yiyri hooreejo leydi Ameriknaajo oo ina waawi waylude doosgal leydi ndii mbele omo waawa yahde e manndaa tataɓo, Bush wiyi mo yo o woppu ɗum, o yalta haa ñalnde 29 mee 2007."[223] == Politik faggudu, renndo e caggal leydi == == Politik faggudu == == Obasanjo e wondude e laamɗo leydi Iran e hitaande 1999 == E ngalu petrol, Obasanjo sosi Komitiiru Ƴellitaare Delta Niger, o huutorii Porogaraam Jaŋde leslesre winndereyankoore ngam ɓeydude jaŋde leslesre Naajeeriya. O sosi Komiseer keeriiɗo toppitiiɗo golle bonɗe e Komiseer toppitiiɗo bonanndeeji faggudu e kaalis. Wuurtinii Sosiyetee ngenndiijo njulaagu to Kaduna e (Onne) Port Harcourt. Obasanjo ɓeydi geɗal njoɓdi petroŋ e renndo to dowla iwdi mum gila e 3 haa 13 e nder teemedere.[224] Ko adii laamu Obasanjo, ɓeydagol PIB leydi Nijeer ina muusi no feewi gila 1987, tee ina jokki tan e 3% hakkunde 1999 e 2000. Kono, e laamu Obasanjo, ɓeydagol ngol ɓeydiima fotde laabi ɗiɗi haa 6% haa o woppi laamu, tawi noon ina walliti ɗum e feccere e ɓeydagol coggu petroŋ. Resooji leydi Naajeeriya ko ɓuri miliyaaruuji ɗiɗi dolaar e hitaande 1999 haa miliyaaruuji 43 dolaar nde ɓe njalti laamu e hitaande 2007.[225] O dañii yaafuya ñamaale e fedde Pari e Londres fotde 18 miliyaar dolaar, o yoɓi kadi 18 miliyaar dolaar goɗɗo ngam woppude ñamaale. Ko vuri heewde e ziin njovdiiji mooftaama e njovdi njulaagu juutndi e nder yontere nde. (Toɓɓere feewnitagol). Ko ɓuri heewde e ɗeen ñamaale mooftaama wonaa e fenaande kono ko e yontaaji 1982–85 nde Naajeeriya huutorii laamu toppitiingu mbayliigu nguu, ngu rokki denndaangal njulaagu nguu e banke mawɗo leydi Nijeer. Nde Obasanjo heɓi laamu, faggudu leydi Najeriya wonnoo ko e caɗeele. Inflation ina yahra e 30% e hitaande e nder kitaale 1990 fof, e hitaande 2001 fotde 20% e mawɓe leydi Najeriya ina ngala golle.[226] Baasal ina yaaji, laamu Obasanjo ina yiɗi ustude ɗum e yoɓde N3,500 lewru kala fotde 200,000 neɗɗo ngam waɗde golle gaadoraaɗe ko wayi no ɓuuɓnude e moƴƴinde laabi.[226] Ndeen eɓɓoore lomtinaama e Porogaraam ngenndiijo ngam haɓaade baasal, jowitiingal e ƴellitde golle sukaaɓe, e njuɓɓudi teeru, e reende.[226] E hitaande 2000, laamu Obasanjo ɓeydi njoɓdi ɓurndi famɗude ndi sariya yamiri ndii laabi ɗiɗi.[227] O noddi Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe (FMI) ngam ƴeewtaade faggudu leydi Najeriya e rokkude wasiyaaji no moƴƴiri ɗum;[228] ɓe njeertinii wonde laamu nguu ina heewi ñamlude.[227] E hitaande 2001, Obasanjo hollitii hoore mum "ko o goongɗinɗo njuɓɓudi luumo", o hollitii wonde o yiyii bonneede ko "njuɓɓudi bonndi e nder sekteer laamu" addani mo.[229] Kono, nde o holliti darnde makko e nanondiral Washington ngam luumooji rimɗi, e privatisation, e ŋakkeende ngalu laamu, ngalu laamu nguu e feccere PIB ɓeydiima gila e 29% e hitaande 1997 haa 50% e hitaande 2001.[229] E lewru Yarkomaa hitaande 2000, Naajeeriya heɓi nyamande miliyaaruuji 1 dolaar Amerik, ko ɗum addani laamu nguu naatde e kaaldigal ngam waylude ñamaale mum e ñamaale mum.[228] Laamu Obasanjo naftoriima coggu petroŋ toowngu e nder winndere ndee e manndaa mum gadano. Nde anniyii kadi ɓeydude petroŋ leydi Naajeeriya e ɓeydude keewal gaasuuji ɓuuɓɗi, ɗi puɗɗii yaltineede e leydi ndii e hitaande 1999.[230] Obasanjo fellitii momtude ballal petroŋ, ɓeyda coggu nguu haa yettoo tolno njulaagu. Kongres gollooɓe leydi Naajeeriya noddi seppo mawngo ngam seppude ngam salaade lewru Juko hitaande 2000 e Obasanjo sakkitii, o ustii ballal ngal, wonaa ittude ngal. Ngolɗoo ngonka addani Obasanjo hollirde wonde ko "gaño miskineeɓe" e miijo renndo.[231] Ngam ɓeydude ustude njoɓdi, Obasanjo wayliima e privatisation, o sosi Diiso ngenndiijo ko faati e privatisation e lewru sulyee 1999. Nde o heɓi laamu, laamu fedde nde ina joginoo 588 sosiyetee laamu, tawi ko ina tolnoo e 55% e ñamaale caggal leydi, Obasanjo ina yaakorii wonde ko heewi e ɗeen, hay so tawii noon ɗe mbaawaa wonde in2. Privatization yiɗaama e yimɓe leydi Najeriya, ko 35% tan ɓe keɓi ballal e wiyde wiɗto miijo hitaande 2000.[233] Obasanjo kadi ina yiɗi kaaldigal ngam ustude ñamaale.[234] O hollitii wonde ñamaale leydi Naajeeriya ina keewi no feewi, ina mbonna faggudu mum e demokaraasi mum. Hay so tawii Kanadaa, Itali e Amerik ndartinii ñamaale leydi Nijeer, ɗeen ñamaale ina pamɗi, ñamaale mawɗe leydi ndii, ɓurɗe mawnude heen ko Angalteer, njaɓaani.[235] Obasanjo ɗon tuuma caɗeele faggudu lesdi Naajeeriya ɗuuɗɗe dow fenaande;[236] nder hitaande 2000, fedde Transparency International limti ɗum lesdi ɓurdundi fenaande nder duniyaaru.[229] Balɗe seeɗa caggal nde o heɓi laamu o hollitii kuulal ngam haɓaade fenaande to Asaambele ngenndi, hay so tawii noon ɗum jibinii luulndaare mawnde e juuɗe ñaawooɓe cikkatnooɓe ko ɗum rokki laamu nguu doole ɓurɗe heewde. Nanondiral waɗii ngam ustude eɓɓooje Obasanjo, addani mo siynude sariya keso oo e lewru suwee 2000.[236] Alaa ko holliti wonde njulaagu ustiima e nder leydi Najeriya e nder manndaa Obasanjo gadano, laamu makko waɗaani hay huunde ngam ƴeewtaade njulaagu nguu e nder leydi Najeriya, ngu yaaji e nder laamuuji diiwaan e laamuuji nokkuuji.[229] Obasanjo ina wondi e hooreejo leydi Riisi Valadimir Putin to Kremlin e hitaande 2001 Cellal renndo kadi ko huunde tiiɗnde e nder leydi Nijeer. E nder kitaale 1990, Naajeeriya ina yoɓnoo fotde 0,2% e PIB mum ngam wallitde cellal renndo, ko ɗum woni ko ɓuri famɗude e winndere ndee. Laamu Obasanjo ɓeydi ɗum haa ko ɓuri 0,4%.[237] Caɗeele cellal ɓurɗe yaawde toɗɗaade leydi Najeriya ko ñawu VIH/SIDA, Obasanjo yamiri ɗoon e ɗoon ciimtol ngonka e dow toɓɓere ndee caggal nde o heɓi laamu.[237] Ndeen o sosi Goomu Hooreejo leydi ngam haɓaade SIDA, ngu o ardii, o sosi Goomu Pewnugol Golle Ngenndiije ngam yuɓɓinde kampaañ 2000–03, jowitiingo e bayyinaango, heblo, wasiyaaji, e jarribooji ngam haɓaade mboros o. Ngam yahduki yeeso ngam njamu jama'aare, o fuɗɗi kampaniire kesum ngam hurgugo ceede laamu lesdi Naajeeriya ngam etaade nyiɓugo suudu nyawndiigu nder kala nokkure 774 laamu lesdi Naajeeriya == Politik caggal leydi == Obasanjo e Donald Rumsfeld to Pentagon e hitaande 2001 Ina jeyaa e golle Obasanjo mawɗe, ɗe o heɓi heen, moƴƴitinde innde leydi Nijeer e nder winndere ndee, nde o bonni e laamu Abacha. O waɗii ko ina ɓura feccere e manndaa makko gadano caggal leydi, o yilliima leyɗeele 92 haa e lewru oktoobar 2002. E lewru oktoobar 1999, Obasanjo sosi Goomu (Commission Bi-National) hakkunde Afrik worgo e Niiseer ngam yeewtidde e gollondiral hakkunde leyɗeele ɗiɗi ɗee, ɓurɗe mawnude e Afrik worgo Saharaa. Obasanjo jokki jokkindiral Naajeeriya bee U.S., o waddi walliinde U.S. ngam wallugo janngirde sooje'en Naajeeriya. O jokkondirii no feewi e hooreejo leydi Amerik biyeteeɗo Bill Clinton, o jokkondiri kadi e lomto Clinton, hono George W. Bush ; Bush yilliima Abuja e hitaande 2003, Obasanjo yilliima Wasinton e hitaande 2006.[240] E jokkude jokkondiral ɓurngal welde e U.K. ko ɓuri ko o joginoo e kitaale 1970, o tawtoraama batu makko gadano Commonwealth e lewru Noowammbar 1999, o jaɓɓi ɗum e lewru Duujal 2003, ɗo o heɓi njeenaari teddungal e juuɗe laamɗo debbo Biritaan biyeteeɗo Elizabeth II.[240] Nde Obasanjo heɓi laamu, o huninooma ittude konu leydi Najeriya e leydi Siyeraa Leyoon. E lewru ut 1999, o hollitii limre ngam ɓe ngurtina, hay so tawii noon ɗum dartinaama nde konu jam ONU moofti, ngu Nijeer rokki ɗum 4000 soldaat. Ndee doole yalti ko e hitaande 2005.[241] E nder jiiɓru to leydi Liberia, Obasanjo yamiri konu leydi Nijeer yo naata leydi ndii e lewru ut 2003 ; ɓe njalti e komanndaaji ONU lebbi ɗiɗi caggal ɗuum.[240] Obasanjo hokki Charles Taylor, hooreejo lesdi Liberiya, mo laamu mum woppi, o hokka mo haa lesdi Naajeeriya, koo ngam ɓaawo man o warti mo haa lesdi Liberiya ngam o ɗon ƴama mo ngam warhoore konu dow ƴamol hooreejo lesdi Liberiya keso, Ellen Johnson Sirleaf.[242] E yiɗde haɗude Naajeeriya yaltude e hareeji nder leydi ɗi yimɓe njiɗaa, o salii ɗaɓɓaande konu Naajeeriya ngam tawtoreede naatgol ECOMOG e nder wolde hakkunde leyɗeele Gine-Bisaawo e golle jam 2002 to Kodduwaar. E ɗaɓɓaande Angalteer, o walli e nanondiral hakkunde laamu Zimbaabwee mo Robert Mugabe, ngam hirjinde laamu nguu e ƴettude gese ɗe ɓaleeɓe jeyi e dow fenaande. O wondi e hooreejo leydi Afrik worgo hono Thabo Mbeki e gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi Ostarali John Howard, o jeyaa ko e fedde nde Commonwealth halfinaa ngam haɓaade Zimbaabwee.[243] Obasanjo e Mbeki njilliima Zimbaabwee laabi tati ngam golloraade dipolomasi deeƴɗo, kono ɓe keɓaani heen nafoore, ɓe mbiya Mugabe yo woppu laamu walla sosde laamu renndinde laamu e luulndiiɓe Mouvement pour le changement démocratique.[239] == Haɓde e jiiɓru leƴƴi e diineeji == Bush ina yeewtida e Obasanjo e nder batu G8 to Farayse, lewru suwee 2003 Caggal nde Obasanjo suɓaa, nokku ɗo sariyaaji lislaam ngoni ɗoo, wonti jeewte mawɗe e nder politik leydi Najeriya. Gila leydi ndii heɓi jeytaare mum, sharia ina jokki e ñaawde siwil hakkunde juulɓe wonɓe e dowlaaji worgo ɗii ; ñaawooɓe bonanndeeji ɗii laawɗinaaka e sariyaaji sharia, huunde nde mettini won e juulɓe.[244] E lewru suwee 1999, guwerneer diiwaan Zamfara, hono Ahmed Sani, hollitii naatgol timmungol shari’a e nder oon diiwaan, hay so tawii noon o hollitii wonde ɗum jogori huutoreede tan ko e hoɗɓe e juulɓe, wonaa e yimɓe ɓe ngonaa lislaam en. Ɗuum waɗi kulhuli nder yimɓe Kirista'en pamari nder woyla lesdi Naajeeriya, bee seppooji e seppooji feere-feere ɗon ngadda fitinaaji, haa fahin haa Kaduna.[244] Across Nigeria, Christian opinion was very hostile to the introduction of sharia as the basis of state penal systems.[245] Suudu Asaambele ngenndi ndii fof ina ɗaɓɓi e Obasanjo nde nawtata haala kaa to Ñaawirde Toownde.[245] O yiɗiino woppude ɗum, o yiɗaa darnde shari’a wonta huunde doosgal.[246] E nder renndo o yiɗiino seerndude ko o inniri "sharia goonga" e "sharia politik", o yetti arano oo, o wiyi wonde ɗiɗaɓo oo ko fad mo fizzle out.[245] Nde o salii naatde heen, Obasanjo heɓi ñiŋooje sabu ŋakkeende cuusal e juuɗe yimɓe heewɓe to bannge worgo, juulɓe tiiɗɓe to bannge worgo ina ƴattoo mo.[246] E nder ɗaɓɓaande yimɓe heewɓe ummoraade e renndooji juulɓe, dowlaaji nay goɗɗi to bannge worgo ƴettii sariya kuuɓtodinɗo sharia e hitaande 2000 e jeeɗiɗi goɗɗi e hitaande 2001. Obasanjo caggal ɗuum hollitii wonde haala kaa ko caɗeele ɓurɗe mawnude ɗe o meeɗi dañde e wonde hooreejo leydi.[246] Nde Obasanjo heɓi laamu, o hulɓinii no feewi nde tawnoo leydi Najeriya ina wondi e caɗeele e fitinaaji keewɗi, tawi ko ujunnaaje ujunnaaje maayɓe. Ndee ɗoo bonannde ina ɓeydoo saɗtude sabu ɓeydagol yimɓe ina ɓeydoo yaawde, ɗum addani ɗum ɓeydagol nguleeki weeyo e pottital ngam heɓde leydi ŋakkundi e nder gure teeru.[216] Ngam haɓaade ɗum, Obasanjo ɓeydii polis leydi ndii fotde laabi ɗiɗi, gila e 120 000 haa 240 000 hakkunde 1999 e 2003.[216] Ko seeɗa waɗaa ngam haɓaade bonanndeeji polis, tawi noon torlaaji tuumaaɗo ina keddii e yaajde e laamu Obasanjo.[211] Kadi ko ɓeydi fitinaaji ɗii ko jokkere enɗam hakkunde leƴƴi, e pelle leƴƴi e diiwanuuji ceertuɗi ina ɗaɓɓi ndimaagu ɓurngu mawnude, ɗum addani yeewtooɓe heewɓe teskaade ƴaañgol leydi Naajeeriya. Wonande Obasanjo, jogaade leydi ngootiri wonti huunde mawnde.[247] Ko e sahaaji cuɓaaɗi tan o ruttotoo e konu ngam ustude jiiɓru, o ɓuri yiɗde ko waasde mooftude konu so wonaa tawa guwerneeruuji dowlaaji ɗii ina ɗaɓɓi ɗum.[248] E nder konngol makko, "en poti huutoraade doole konu tan so tawii ko heddii koo fof ronkii. Ko cfuum woni miijo am e filosof am."[249] O yi'i nafoore mawnde e yaafuya, e yaafuya, e nanondiral ngam he6de nanondiral, wonaa e 6amtaare ñaawoore warngooji bacfcfi.[250] E laamu Obasanjo, darnde fitinaaji e jiiɓru nder leydi Naajeeriya ustii.[249] == Olusẹgun Obasanjo e hooreejo leydi Beresiil Lula da Silva 2005 == Ko ɓuri heewde e miijooji ceertuɗi ko e diiwaan Delta Niiseer, ɗo pelle koɗdiiɗe ɗee njiɗnoo jogaade ko ɓuri heewde e ngalu keɓaaɗo e nokkuuji petroŋ keewɗi ngalu. E lewru sulyee 1999, Obasanjo neldi Asaambele ngenndi kuulal ngam sosde Komiseer ƴellitaare Delta Niiseer ngam siynude e huutoraade peeje ngam haɓaade diiwaan oo, huunde nde o sikki ina waawi ustude fitinaaji toon. E nder jeewte keewɗe, komisiyoŋ oo fuɗɗii ko e lewru Duujal 2000.[251] E lewru noowammbar 1999, o neldi kadi bataliyoŋaaji ɗiɗi konu e nder diiwaan Delta Niiseer ngam nanngude sukaaɓe Asawana, fedde Ijaw en nannguɓe e warde poliseeɓe to Odi, to diiwaan Bayelsa. Militeer en mbonni ko ɓuri heewde e wuro ngoo ; laamu ngu wi'i 43 mbaraama, ammaa ONG nokkuure nde'e waɗi limngal maayɓe siwil'en 2,483.[252] Obasanjo siftinii halkaare ndee wonde « ina waawi rewde » e « ina metti » , o yilliima Odi e lewru marse 2001 ; o salii ñaawde konu nguu, o ñaagii yaafuya ngam halkaare nde, o yoɓi njoɓdi walla o mahdi wuro ngoo, hay so tawii noon Komiseer ƴellitaare Delta Niiseer waɗii ɗum.[249] E hitaande 2000, Obasanjo haɗi fedde Oodua Peoples Congress (OPC), fedde ngenndiyankoore Yoruba en, nde wonnoo ko e fitinaaji e leƴƴi goɗɗi, o yamiri yo ardiiɓe mayre nannge.[253] E lewru suwee 2001, fitinaaji hakkunde Kerecee’en ɓiɓɓe leydi ndii e njulaagu juulɓe to bannge worgo e nder diiwaan Plateau, waɗii fotde 500 maayɗo hade konu nguu naatde heen, heɓtude laamu. Ndeen Obasanjo yilliima, wiyi yo ɓe nanondiral. E lewru Oktoobar 2001, seppooɓe juulɓe to Kano mbari fotde 200 Igbo ngam jaabaade ballal Nijeer e bommbooji Amerik mbaɗi e Afganistaan. Ndeen Obasanjo yilliima ngam ɗaɓɓude nanondiral kono hoɗɓe ɓee boomi ɗum.[246] E lewru oktoobar kadi, soldateeɓe neldaama ngam deeƴnude jiiɓru hakkunde renndooji Jukun e Tiv en e keeri hakkunde diiwanuuji Benue e Taraba ; ndeen militeer en Tiv nanngi ɓe mbari ɓe to Zaki-Biam. Obasanjo yamiri konu nguu yo naata, ɓe ndartini, ɓe mbari fotde 250 haa 300 gorko nokku oo. Obasanjo yilliima nokku oo e hitaande 2002, o ñaagii yaafuya sabu huutoraade doole no feewi.[249] n lewru Yarkomaa 2002, Obasanjo yamiri polis mobbooji ɗii yo ndartin Bakassi Boys, fedde vigilante gollotoonde ko ɓuri heewde e nder diiwanuuji Abia e Anambra, nde waɗi ko ina tolnoo e ujunnaaje ɗiɗi warngooji. O sikkiino waɗde ɗum ko adii ɗuum sabu ballal yimɓe ɓe fedde nde heɓi e haɓde e fedde bonnde, kono o nanii o waawii yahrude yeeso e maɓɓe caggal nde yimɓe maɓɓe ustii.[254] E oon lewru kadi, nokku ɗo balɗe 100 000 ngoni ɗoo, to kaɓirɗe Ijeka, saraaji Lagos, yani, ina waawi addande ɗum en fotde ujunnaaje ujunnaaje neɗɗo maayɗo. Obasanjo yilliima ɗoon e ɗoon.[249] Fitinaaji bonɗi kadi ina njokki e nder wuro Lagos, e lewru feebariyee 2002, konu neldaa e nder wuro ngo ngam artirde deeƴre. E lewru abriil 2002, Obasanjo hollitii sariya baawɗo haɗude leƴƴi so tawii ina cikka ina mbaawi wallitde fitinaaji, kono njuɓɓudi laamu leydi ndii salii ɗum, sibu ko ɗum huunde ɓurnde toowde e laamu hooreejo leydi.[253] Won e ardiiɓe laamu hono hooreejo suudu sarɗiiji e hooreejo suudu sarɗiiji ina ngondi e caɗeele e hooreejo leydi ndii, o haɓaama e jarribooji keewɗi ngam ustude laamu e nder suuduuji ɗiɗi ɗii kala.[255] Obasanjo dañii daɗde e laamu, o toɗɗaa. == Caggal hooreejo leydi (2007–hannde) == == Politik == == Obasanjo e Robeer Mugaabe e hitaande 2013 == O wonti hooreejo fedde PDP, omo joginoo doole e nominaasiyoŋaaji ngam heɓde jappeere laamu haa e politik e peeje. No gooto e dipolomaat en Hirnaange wiyri nii, "O anniyaaki jooɗaade e jooɗorde passenger rokka wasiyaaji e hesɗitinde nanngude taayaare so tawii Naajeeriya yaltii e laawol."[256] O woppi golle hooreejo fedde PDP e lewru abriil 2012.[257] Caggal ɗuum, o yalti e golle politik e PDP. E lewru marse 2008, Obasanjo "ina sikkaa" ko goomu parlemaa Nijeer ñaawii ɗum sabu rokkude ɗum kaayitaaji semmbe fotde miliyaaruuji 2,2 dolaar e nder laamu mum duuɓi jeetati, tawi alaa ko o waɗi so wonaa laawol. Ciimtol ngol ɗoo wiɗto meeɗaa jaɓeede e nder parlemaa leydi Najeriya fof sabu manipulaasiyoŋ e golle ɗee fof e ardorde goomu wiɗto laamu nguu. Wonaa e winndannde laawɗunde wootere, mawɗo Obasanjo ñaawaama.[258] E lewru mee 2014, Obasanjo winndi hooreejo leydi Goodluck Jonathan ngam ɗaɓɓude yo o waɗtu hakkille e innde laamu leydi Najeriya ngam yoɓde sukaaɓe rewɓe Chibok ɓe fedde Boko Haram joginoo.[259] Ñalnde 16 feebariyee 2015, o woppi lannda laamu nguu, o yamiri hooreejo diiwaan PDP yo ƴettu kaayitaaji makko e nder yeewtere jaaynde.[260] O anndiraa caggal mum ko navigateur lannda luulndo keso sosaa, hono APC.[261] Ñalnde 24 lewru Yarkomaa hitaande 2018, o winndi hooreejo leydi ndi, hono Muhammadu Buhari, o hollitii nokkuuji ɗi o ŋakkiraa, o wasiyii mo nde o woppataa laamu e hitaande 2019.[262] Haa hannde denndaangal ɓataakeeji makko feewde e hooreeɓe leydi ndii ina adii njillu maɓɓe.[263] Ñalnde 31 lewru Yarkoma hitaande 2018, o fuɗɗi diɗɗal siyaasaaku bi'eteengal "Kawtal ngam Diɗɗal Naajeeriya" (CNM) haa Abuja.[264] Ñalnde 10 lewru mbooy hitaande 2018, dillere ndee ƴetti lannda politik, hono Kongres Demokaratik Afrik (ADC).[265] Ñalnde 20 noowammbar 2018, Obasanjo hollitii e dow laabi gartugol mum[266] e lannda luulndo mawngo, hono lannda Demokaraasi Leƴƴi (PDP) e nder udditgol deftere wiyeteende My Transition Hours, nde gonnooɗo hooreejo leydi ndii, hono Goodluck Jonathan winndi. Ñalnde 22 lewru bowte hitaande 2022, Obasanjo hollitii wonde o woppii politik partiiji, caggal nde o jaɓɓi depiteeji ngenndiiji lannda Demokaraasi Leƴƴi [PDP] to hoɗorde makko to Ota, to diiwaan Ogun, to leydi Nijeer[267] == Dipolomasi == Obasanjo toɗɗaa ko nulaaɗo keeriiɗo to leydi Konngo, to leydi Konngo, ndi wolde yani e mum. O waɗi batuuji ceertuɗi e gardiiɗo leydi RDC Joseph Kabila e gardiiɗo luulndiiɓe laamu nguu hono Laurent Nkunda. E nder wooteeji Zimbaabwee e lewru sulyee 2013, Obasanjo ardii delegaasiyoŋ ƴeewooɓe wooteeji Dental Afrik.[268] E hitaande 2022, Obasanjo waɗii hakkunde kaaldigal jam hakkunde laamu Ecoppi e fedde wiyeteende Tigre e les njiimaandi Dental Afrik, haa arti noon e dartagol wolde Tigre ñalnde 2 noowammbar 2022.[269] E hitaande 2025, Obasanjo toɗɗaama yo won hakkundeejo e nder renndo Afrik fuɗnaange e renndo ƴellitaare Afrik worgo e nder leydi Konngo e nder kampaañ M23 (2022–hannde).[270] == Jaŋde ɓeydaande == E lewru desaambar 2017, Obasanjo ƴetti doktoraa mum. tesis e nder diine to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde leydi Najeriya. == Miijo politik == To bannge miijooji, Obasanjo ko ngenndiyanke Najeriya.[27] O ɗon mari haaje yidde lesdi Naajeeriya e nuɗɗinki dow Naajeeriya foti jogaago lesdi-leydi woore, naa ngam senndindirki dow laabi lenyol.[275] E hitaande 2001, o hollitii wonde faandaare makko juutnde ko "moƴƴinde kala sifaa ɓiyleydaagu so wonaa ɓiyleydaagu leydi Nijeer". O wi'i ɓustugo lesdi Naajeeriya dow laabi le'i, ɗum waddan laɓɓinki le'i e fitinaaji ɗi yi'aama wakkati hareeji Yugoslawi nder kitaale 1990.[275] Iliffe wi'i Obasanjo'en lesdi Naajeeriya ɗon mari bawɗe ngam o wurti diga yimɓe mawɓe Yoruba'en e wakkati maako nder konu, haa o huwi bee sooje'en diga lenyol feere-feere.[27] Demokaraasi ina waawi waasde jogaade ƴellitaare faggudu yaawnde walla ngalu kono ko ɗum, ko famɗi fof, mbaadi laamu ɓurndi moƴƴude haa jooni, ndi addanta ko ɓuri heewde e yimɓe tawtoreede no haanirta nii e nder peeje e geɗe jowitiiɗe e laamu mum en. Demokaraasi ko cuɓal ngal laamɓe ɓuri yiɗde... E nder ngonka leydi Naajeeriya, demokaraasi ko kañum tan woni koolaaɗo kuuɓal baawɗo hawrude e pelle leslese ceertuɗe e nder leñol jogiingol daɗndo ngootaagu, potal e darnde wootere e nder dumunna. == — Olusegun Obasanjo ko faati e demokaraasi, hitaande 1990[276] == Iliffe hollitii wonde teeŋtinde politik nanondiral ko "kuulal gonngal dow ngal" e nder nguurndam Obasanjo fof.[68] Nde o woni e laamu e kitaale 1970, Obasanjo hollitii ñiŋooje makko e "luulndaare juɓɓule" e laamu nguu.[109] E miijo makko, ɗum "ina luurdi no feewi e ko ɓuri heewde e pinal e golle politik Afrik."[161] E nder nokkuuji ɗo o luulndii laamu nguu, o miijii wonde lanndaaji luulndiiɗi ɗii ina poti waɗde heen geɗe moƴƴe,[161] e wonde politikaaji ɗii ina poti jokkude njiylawu nanondiral, wonaa waɗde luural ko juuti. O sikki wonde pottital politik ina jogii batte cemmbinɗe, ɗe nganndu-ɗaa ina teskaa e leydi ƴellitoori hono Nijeer, kadi deeƴre ina foti reeneede.[109] Obasanjo ɗon wolwa haa batu hitaande 2014, kawtal Banki Afriknaajo ngam ɓamtaare lesdi Kigali Nde o mettini e ko o yi’i ko ina wona ŋakkeende laamu demokaraasi wakilaagu e nder fuɗɗoode kitaale 1980, Obasanjo fuɗɗii hollirde ballal mum e dowla gooto e nder leydi Najeriya. O wiyi noon wonde ooɗoo dowla gooto ina foti wallitde yimɓe fof e nder laamu, teddinde jojjanɗe aadee, e reende ndimaagu haalde.[161] Caggal mum e kitaale 1980, o jeertinii eɓɓaande dowla lanndaaji ɗiɗi ɗi Babangida ƴettunoo, o miijii wonde so Babangida ina miijo lannda hakkunde-nano e hakkunde-nyaamo ina kaɓa hakkunde mum en, alaa e sago ɗum ƴellitoo haa wonta lannda gooto lomtotooɗo Kerecee’en fuɗnaange, lannda goɗɗo oo lomtotooɗo juulɓe fuɗnaange][16]. O wi'i haa nokkuure nden o wi'i walaa keerol dow limngal lanndaaji siyaasaaku ɗi mbaawata sosde, koo ngam o wi'i to ɗum waawataa waɗugo nden Naajeeriya laatoto lesdi lannda woore.[161] E nder njiimaandi Dental Sowiyet e fuɗɗoode kitaale 1990 e yah-ngartaa caggal ɗuum feewde e politik lanndaaji keewɗi e nder Afrik, Obasanjo kadi wonti balloowo lanndaaji keewɗi == Jaɓɓungal e ndonu == Statue Olusegun Obasanjo to Owerri, diiwaan Imo, leydi Najeriya. John Iliffe siftinii Obasanjo wonde "tergal ɓurngal teeŋtude e yonta ɗiɗaɓo ardiiɓe Afrik jeyaaɓe e leydi ndii, ɓe ndarni koye mum en ngam semmbinde dowlaaji mum en caggal koloñaal".[275] O sikki ko geɗe nay mawɗe ɗe Obasanjo waɗi e laamu mum : o jokki e jogaade heen geɗel gootel e nder leydi ndii, o jokki e jogaade doole e nder leydi ndii, o wallitorii sosde Dental Afrik, o ustii ñamaale leydi ndii caggal leydi.[248] E lewru desaambar 1999, tolno jaɓgol makko ina tolnoo e 84% ; e hitaande 2001 ko 72% ; e lewru suwee 2003 nde ustii haa 39%.[234] Obasanjo ina tuumanoo laabi keewɗi fenaande e nder nguurndam mum fof, hay so tawii noon kanko e hoore makko o wiyi wonde golle makko ko goonga.[229] Ɓeen ñiŋooɓe Obasanjo ina cikki wonde caggal nde o nanngaa e kasoo e kitaale 1990, o ɓeydii faamde wonde ko o neɗɗo masiŋ, o woppii neɗɗaagu makko, o ɓeydii kadi tiiɗnaade e goongɗinde wonde ko ɗum woni darnde makko nde Alla yamiri ngam laamaade leydi Najeriya.[299] Ɓeen ñiŋooɓe Obasanjo ina cikki wonde o bonnii laamu, haa teeŋti noon e manndaa makko ɗiɗaɓo, o wonti ko miijo jogaade laamu haa abada.[282] E nder manndaa makko gadano e nder laamu, o dañii heen gaññeeje e banndiraaɓe makko Yoruba en, ɓe cikkatnoo ko o fotnoo waɗde ko ɓuri ɗum ngam ɓamtude nafooje leñol makko e nder laamu.[300] Caggal nde o nanngaa, Obasanjo wiyi wonde ñiŋooje ina kuutoree tan ngam tabitinde « goonga e haala am » e hollirde ñiŋooje makko « bonɗe e nder aduna dogɗo e bonɗo ».[299] == Defte ɗe obasanjo winndi == Watch am Volume 1: Nguurndam arano e konu Watch am Volume 2: Geɗe politik e renndo Watch am Volume 3: Jooni e ndeen == Yamiroore am == == Nzeogwu == Daaba Wiyeteeɗo Neɗɗo Fajiri Keso Thabo Mbeki mo anndi Afrik E Gite Patriot Waɗde Afrik ina golla: Deftere janngirnde Waɗde nanondiral e jokkondiral Amerik e Afrik: yeewtere joyaɓere nde David M. Abshire rokki, ñalnde 15 lewru Duujal hitaande 1987 == Afrik e nder Yiyngo == Ɓataakeeji ngam waylude aduna: Gila e Pankhurst haa e Orwell Wonaa Yiɗde am Golle Demokaraasi : Rewindaade politik ngam nafoore Afrik == Watch am == Caɗeele Ardorde e nder Afrik Gaañanɗe wolde : Coodguuli ƴellitaare e nder Sudaan worgo Ardiiɓe ngam duwaawu moƴƴo Caɗeele peewnugol ndema e kisal nguura e nder Afrik Haɓde e caɗeele sukaaɓe Afrik e ŋakkeende nguura : darnde ndema Afrik e nder sosde golle Dust Suspended: Ciimtol nguurndam koloñaal, caggal leydi e nguurndam dipolomaasi 1953 haa 1986 Afrik e lewru marse: deftere ngam faggudu leydi ndii Suɓngooji Afrik teeŋtuɗi : Noddaango ngam ƴellitde laawol Pan-Afrik == Njeenaaje e teddungal == 1981–87, tergal, Goomu UNESCO ngam jam e nder hakkillaaji worɓe 1983–89 Tergal, Goomu keeriiɗo ngam ustude kaɓirɗe e kisal (Goomu Olaf Palme) 1983, tergal Goomu annduɓe OMS ko faati e batte kaɓirɗe nukliyeer 1986, hooreejo fedde yimɓe mawɓe Commonwealth ko faati e Afrik worgo 1986, tergal, Goomu Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe ko faati e Neɗɗo Toowɗo ko faati e jokkondiral hakkunde Ƴellitaare e Ƴellitaare 1987–93, gardiiɗo fedde winndereere ɓurnde moƴƴude, Wasinton D.C. 1988–89, Sosɗo e hooreejo, Fedde Ardorde Afrik e hooreejo, Yiilirde Ngenndiire, Fooyre Ardorde Afrik Inc. New York 1988 (mee), hooreejo, Heɗto Namibi, Fedde Adunaare Eklesiyaaji, Wasinton D.C 1988–99, Jaagorgal keeringal to Duɗal Adunawal Demal Toowngal, Ibadan 1989, tergal teddungal, Goomu toppitiingu njeenaari yimɓe Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe 1989, tergal, Fedde nde wonaa laamuyankoore ngam ƴellitaare kaalis wonande leyɗeele ƴellitiiɗe (Komisiyoŋ Schmidt) 1989 Tergal, Goomu Wagginoore, Parlemaa Golle Adunaaje 1989–99, hooreejo, Goomu Wagginooji, Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe (TI) 1990, tergal, Goomu Wagginoore, Duɗal Etikaaji Aduna Tergal, Yiilirde Ngenndiire, duɗal Afriknaajo Ameriknaajo 1991–93, Bayyinoowo, Fedde Afrik lewru kala 1991, tergal, Diiso yimɓe mawɓe, Reso kaaldigal hakkunde leyɗeele, Carter Center to Duɗal Jaaɓi-haaɗtirde Emory, Atlanta 1991, tergal, Diiso Wasiyaaji, Njeenaari Nguura Aduna, Des Moines, Iowa 1992, tergal, fedde toppitiinde ko fayti e kaalis Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe (Fondation Ford) 1993–95, tergal, Goomu Wasiyaaji Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe ko faati e Afrik 1994 – Yiylotooɗo laawɗuɗo wooteeji to Mosammbik e noddaango laamu Mosammbik 1994–99 Tergal, Goomu Wagginoore, Goomu Carnegies ngam haɗde hareeji maayɗi 1995–99, ko o gardiiɗo PNUD ngam ƴellitaare aadee Joom mum e mawɗo Promoter, Duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde karallaagal Bells, Ota.[22] == Ƴeew kadi == Defterdu hooreejo leydi Olusegun Obasanjo == Tuugnorgal == 63vsqoqoh79xkd1vb6qq0zbo0wyesz1 175881 175878 2026-06-23T09:35:16Z Ilya Discuss 10103 #1Lib1Ref 175881 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Mawɗo Olusegun Matthew Okikiola''' '''Ogunboye Aremu Obasanjo GCFR''' (// C; Yoruba: Olúṣẹ́gun Ọbásanjọ́ [ōlúʃɛ́ɡũ̄ ɔ̄básã̄d͡ʒɔ́] R; jibinaa ko c. ndema, e gonnooɗo seneraal konu gonnooɗo hooreejo leydi Naajeeriya gila 1976 haa 1979, caggal ɗuum o woni hooreejo leydi ndii gila 1999 haa 2007. To bannge miijo, ko o ngenndiyanke Naajeeriya, o jeyaa ko e lannda Demokaraasi Leƴƴi (PDP) gila 1998 haa 2019.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://m.guardian.ng/art/obasanjos-story-aremu-set-to-hit-the-stage/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|title=Obasanjo's story, Aremu set to hit the stage|date=13 October 2019|access-date=30 October 2019|newspaper=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.un.org/webcast/ga/61/pdfs/nigeria-e.pdf|title=Statement by Obasanjo to the United Nations|access-date=23 April 2011}}</ref> Obasanjo jibinaa ko e wuro Ibogun-Olaogun, e nder galle remoowo, jeyaaɗo e leñol Owu, Obasanjo janngi ko ɓuri heewde e wuro wiyeteengo Abeokuta, to diiwaan Ogun. O naati konu leydi Naajeeriya, o janngi ko faati e inndeeji, o golliima to Konngo, Angalteer, e Inndo, o arti e darnde Major. E darorɗe kitaale 1960, o waɗii darnde mawnde e haɓaade seernaaɓe Biafra e nder wolde hakkunde leyɗeele Nijeer, o jaɓi dogde e hitaande 1970. E hitaande 1975, kuudetaa konu sosi junta e Obasanjo e nder laamu mum tati. Caggal nde hooreejo triumvirate, hono Murtala Muhammed, waraa e hitaande rewtunde ndee, Diiso toowngo konu toɗɗii Obasanjo hooreejo leydi ndii. Jokkude politik Murtala, Obasanjo ƴeewtindiima taƴgol bidsee e yaajnude jaŋde ekkolaaji ɗi ngalaa njoɓdi. Ɓesdugo hawtuki lesdi Naajeeriya bee lesdi Amerika, o teddini kadi ballal pelle luutndiiɗe laamu ɓaleeɓe pamari nder Afrika woylaare. Obasanjo ɗon mari haaje wartirgo demokaraasi, o ardi woote 1979, ɓaawo man o hokki laamu lesdi Naajeeriya haa hooreejo lesdi siwil keso, Shehu Shagari. Ndeen Obasanjo artii e golle mum to Ota, Ogun, ɗo o wonti demoowo, o yaltini defte nay, o tawtoraama eɓɓooji winndereeji ngam joofnude hareeji Afrik ceertuɗi.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Adegbite|first=Charles Segun|date=16 December 2017|title=At 80years, Obasanjo bags Ph.D in Theology|url=https://successfulpeoplemagazine.wordpress.com/2017/12/16/at-80years-obasanjo-bags-ph-d-in-theology/|access-date=27 June 2024|website=Successful People's World|language=en}}</ref> E hitaande 1993, Sani Abacha heɓti laamu e kuudetaa konu. Obasanjo ina ñiŋa laamu Abacha e peeñcu, e hitaande 1995 o nanngaa, o ñaawaa wonde o jeyaa ko e kuudetaa peewnaaɗo, hay so tawii o seppii wonde o alaa ella. Nde o woni e kasoo ndee, o wonti Kerecee’en jibinaaɗo, tawi ko providentialism ina tiiɗtini no feewi e yi’annde makko aduna caggal ɗuum. O woppitaama caggal maayde Abacha e hitaande 1998. Obasanjo naati e politik wooteeji, o wonti kanndidaa PDP e wooteeji hooreleydaagu 1999, ɗi o dañi. Ko o hooreejo leydi, o woppi politik militeer en, kamɓe ɗiɗo fof ɓe njaajni polis, ɓe moofti konu ngam haɓaade fitinaaji leƴƴi, diineeji, e seernaaɓe jaajɗi. O itti sooje'en lesdi Naajeeriya diga lesdi Siyeraa Leone, o hokki hukuumaaji pamari feere-feere ngam ustugo ceede lesdi ndi'i. O artiraa e woote 2003. E nder miijooji Pan-Afrik, o woniino daraniiɗo no feewi sosde Dental Afrik, o woniino hooreejo mayre tuggi 2004 haa 2006. Eɓɓooje Obasanjo ngam waylude doosɗe leydi ngam ittude keeri manndaa hooreejo leydi, ɗe njahraani no haanirta nii, ɗe ngaddani ɗum ñiŋooje. Caggal nde o woppi golle, o heɓi doktoraa makko e ganndal diine to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde National Open to leydi Najeriya.<ref name=":0">{{cite web|title=Olusegun Obasanjo {{!}} president of Nigeria {{!}} Britannica|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Olusegun-Obasanjo|access-date=22 February 2022|website=www.britannica.com|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=19 February 2022|title=Nigeria needs more 'rebels', says Obasanjo|url=https://punchng.com/nigeria-needs-more-rebels-says-obasanjo/|access-date=22 February 2022|newspaper=[[The Punch]]|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=23 January 2025|title=Olusegun Obasanjo {{!}} Biography, Age, & Facts {{!}} Britannica|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Olusegun-Obasanjo|access-date=1 February 2025|website=www.britannica.com|language=en}}</ref> == Nguurndam gadano == Baaba Olusegun Obasanjo, Obasanjo Bankole, jeyaa ko e ardiiɓe hoɗɓe e sosɓe wuro Igbogun Olaogun e fuɗɗoode kitaale 1920. Hay so tawii ko o demoowo keewɗo jawdi, o jom jawdi en, omo hiisee wonde miskiino sabu o jeyaaka e yimɓe jannguɓe e nder leydi Yoruba. Bankole hawri e Bernice Ashabi, njulaagu tokooso to Igbogun, kamɓe ɗiɗo fof ɓe resndi. Ɓeeɗoo ɗiɗo ina njogii ɓiɓɓe ɗiɗo heddiiɓe e nder jeegom : Olusegun e Adunni Oluwola, miñiiko debbo gooto. E wiyde paaspoor makko, Olusegun Obasanjo jibinaa ko ñalnde 5 marse 1937 hay so tawii noon alaa ko winndaa e mum hannde, ñalngu nguu ko limto ɓadiiɗo. Olusegun ko jeyaaɗo e Laamu Owu. O mawni ko e Baptiste. Debbo makko caggal mum naati lislaam ngam resde gorko juulɗo.[9] E duuɓi sappo e go'o, o naati duɗal leslesal wuro ngo,[10] caggal duuɓi tati, e hitaande 1951, o naati duɗal Baptist Day to nokku Owu to Abeokuta.[11] E hitaande 1952 o arti e duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde sukaaɓe Baptist,[12] kadi e nder wuro ngo. Feccere e njoɓdi duɗal makko ko dokke laamu.[13] Obasanjo waɗii ko moƴƴi e jaŋde,[14] e nder duɗal o wonti Boy Scout keewɗo faayiida.[15] Hay so tawii alaa ko holliti wonde e oon sahaa o tawtoraama kala pelle politik,[15] ko e nder duɗal hakkundeewal Obasanjo salii innde makko adannde "Matthew" ngam wonde golle luulndiiɗe koloñaal.[16] E nder ɗuum, baaba Obasanjo woppi debbo mum e sukaaɓe mum ɗiɗo.[17] Nde o yani e baasal, yumma Obasanjo ina foti golloraade njulaagu ngam wuurde.[15] Ngam yoɓugo ceede janngirde maako, Obasanjo ɗon huuwa haa gese kakawo e kola, ɗon ligga, ɗon mooɓa leɗɗe, ɗon sooda ceene mahooɓe. E nder balɗe udditgol duɗal ngal kadi o golliima e duɗal ngal, omo taƴa huɗo e golle juuɗe goɗɗe.[18] E hitaande 1956, Obasanjo waɗi jaŋde mum hakkundeere, caggal nde o ñamli kaalis ngam yoɓde njoɓdi naatgol.[19] E oon hitaande kadi, o fuɗɗii jokkondirde e Oluremi Akinlawon, ɓiy Owu mawɗo station. Ɓe ndarniino dewgal haa hitaande 1958.[20] O yalti duɗal, o fayi Ibadan, o ƴetti golle jannginde. Ko ɗoon o jooɗii e ekzamen naatgol to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Ibadan, kono hay so o jaɓii o tawi o waawaa yoɓde njoɓdi jaŋde.[19] Ndeen Obasanjo fellitii jokkude golle mum e nder konu leydi Najeriya, ngam heɓde ngal gollal, e hitaande 1958 o jaabiima eɓɓoore ngam janngude ofiseeji cadet e nder konu leydi Najeriya.[21][22] == Fuɗɗoode golle konu (1958-1966) == == Heblo konu: 1958-1959 == E lewru marse 1958, Obasanjo naati e konu leydi Najeriya.[23] O yi’i ɗum ko fartaŋŋe jokkude jaŋde makko tawa omo heɓa njoɓdi;[24] o humpitaaki ɗoon e ɗoon ɓesngu makko, o hulii wonde jibnaaɓe makko ina njaɓa ɗum.[25] Ko e oon sahaa konu leydi Najeriya ina jokki e juuɗe laamu koloñaal leydi Najeriya, ngam heblude ndimaagu leydi Najeriya timmungu, kadi ina waɗi eɓɓooje ngam heɓde yimɓe leydi Najeriya ɓurɓe heewde e nder darnde konu mum.[25] Ndeen o neldaama to duɗal jaŋde ofiseeji jooɗɗi to Teshie to leydi Gana.[23] Nde o woni caggal leydi, o neldi ɓataakeeji e dokke to jom suudu makko to leydi Najeriya.[20] E lewru suwee 1958, o suɓaa ngam ɓeydaade heblo lebbi jeegom to duɗal Mons Officer Cadet to Aldershot, to fuɗnaange Angalteer. Obasanjo yiɗaa ɗum toon, o sikkatnoo ko ɗum juɓɓule njiyaagu e njiyaagu, o tawi ina saɗi ko jokkondiri e dumunna Engele ɓurɗo toowde e ɓuuɓde.[26] Nde semmbini miijooji makko bonɗi e laamu Biritaan e hakke mum laamaade e dow laamuuji mum koloñaal en.[24] To Mons, o heɓi komisoŋ e seedantaagal to bannge innde. Nde Obasanjo woni to leydi Angalteer, yumma mum maayi. Baaba makko ndeen maayi ko hitaande caggal ɗuum.[27] E hitaande 1959, Obasanjo arti Nijeer. Ko ɗoon o artiraa to Kaduna, o woni subaltern infanterie e bataliyoŋ joyaɓo.[27] Wakkati maako haa Kaduna woni wakkati arandejum nde Obasanjo jooɗi haa nokkure nde juulɓe ɗuuɗi.[27] Ko nde o woni toon, e lewru Oktoobar 1960, leydi Nijeer wonti leydi ndimaagu.[28][22] == Kiiriis Konngo: 1960-1961 == == Ƴeew kadi: Kiriis Konngo == Caggal ɗuum seeɗa, bataliyoŋ joyaɓo neldaa to Konngo ngam jeyeede e konu Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe ngam haɓaade jam. Ko ɗoon bataliyoŋ oo woni e nder diiwaan Kivu, tawi ko ɗoon woni Bukavu.[28] To leydi Konngo, Obasanjo e woɗɓe ina njoginoo darnde reende siwil en, haa arti noon e leñol Belsik, e soldateeɓe murtuɓe e laamu Patrice Lumumba.[28] E lewru feebariyee 1961, Obasanjo nanngaa e juuɗe murtuɓe nde o ummotoo e misiyoŋaaji katolik en e nder dingiral sara Bukavu. Mutinooɓe ɓee miijinoo ko warde mo kono ɓe njamiraama yo ɓe njaltu. E lewru mee 1961, bataliyoŋ joyaɓo ummii Konngo, arti Najeriya.[28] E nder wolde nde, o toɗɗaama kapiteen wakkati.[24] O teskiima caggal ɗuum wonde sahaa mo o woni e Konngo oo ina semmbina "fervour pan-africain" bataliyoŋ makko.[28] == Gartugol e leydi Konngo: 1961-1966 == Nde o arti, Obasanjo soodi oto makko gadano, o naati e opitaal ko juuti sabu rafi reedu. Nde o selli, o artiraa e Korse Innjiniyaaruuji konu. E hitaande 1962 o jooɗii to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Royal College to Angalteer. Ko ɗoon o ɓuri waawde, o siforaa ko "almuudo Commonwealth ɓurɗo waawde". Oon hitaande, o yoɓi Akinlawon ngam yahde Londres ɗo o waawi naatde e kursus heblo. Ɓeeɗoo ɗiɗo resndi ɗum ko e lewru suwee 1963 to biro binnditagol Camberwell Green, ɓe nganndini ɓesnguuji maɓɓe tan caggal nde ɓe mbaɗi hiirde ndee.E ndeen hitaande, Obasanjo yamiraama yo o hoot to leydi Nijeer, hay so tawii debbo makko ina heddii to Londres duuɓi tati goɗɗi ngam timminde jaŋde makko. Nde o naati Naajeeriya, Obasanjo hoosi ardungal konu Innjiniyaaruuji ladde, jooɗiiɗum haa Kaduna. E nder konu, Obasanjo ina jokki e yahrude yeeso e nder darɗe, o wonti mawɗo e hitaande 1965. O huutoriima ngalu makko ngam soodde leydi, e fuɗɗoode kitaale 1960 o heɓi jawdi to Ibadan, Kaduna, e Lagos. E hitaande 1965, Obasanjo neldaa leydi Inndo. E nder laawol, o yilliima debbo makko to Londres. To leydi Indiya, o janngi to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde toppitiingal ko fayti e cellal to Wellington, caggal ɗuum to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Innjiniyaaruuji to Poona. Obasanjo hulɓinii e heege nde o seedtii e nder leydi Indiya hay so tawii o ƴettii nafoore e pinal leydi ndii, huunde nde addani mo janngude defte diineeji nannditooji. == Hare nder leydi Naajeeriya == == Winndannde mawnde: Hare nder leydi Najeriya == == Golle makko ko adii wolde hakkunde leyɗeele: 1966-1967 == Obasanjo ummi Naajeeriya nder lewru January hitaande 1966 ngam heɓugo lesdi ndi'i nder kuudetaa konu ngu Major Emmanuel Ifeajuna ardii. Obasanjo ina jeyaa e jeertinɓe wonde ngonka kaa ina waawi jippaade e wolde nder leydi.O hollitii wonde maa o won hakkunde ƴaañooɓe kuudetaa e laamu siwil, ngu rokki laamu nguu e juuɗe hooreejo konu Johnson Aguiyi-Ironsi. Nde kuudetaa oo ronki, Olusegun hawri e Ironsi to Lagos. Ironsi ɓooyaani ko timmini fedde nde e nder leydi Najeriya rewrude e yamiroore mum kawral e lewru mee 1966, huunde nde ɓuuɓni jiiɓru leƴƴi. E darorɗe lewru sulyee, kuudetaa ɗiɗmo waɗi. To wuro Ibadan, sooja'en iwdi woyla lesdi Naajeeriya ɗon ƴama, ɓe mbari Ironsi, ɓe mbari fodde teemeɗɗe ɗiɗi sooje'en ko ɓuri ɗuuɗugo ɓe iwdi lesdi Naajeeriya. Seneraal Yaakubu Gowon heɓti laamu. Nde ooɗoo kuudetaa waɗata nde Obasanjo wonnoo ko to Maiduguri. Nande ɗum, o yaawi hootde Kaduna. Ko ɗoon o tawi konu worgo ummoriiɗo e bataliyoŋ tataɓo ina ronka, ina torloo, ina wara soldateeɓe Igbo en. Gomnaajo lesdi Naajeeriya, Hassan Katsina, annditi dow koo ngam Olusegun naa Igbo, bana no o woni mo woylaare lesdi Naajeeriya, o ɗon nder ɓilla haa sooja'en murtuɓe. Ngam reenaade ɓe, Katsina neldi Olusegun e debbo mum ngarta Maiduguri balɗe sappo, tawi fitinaaji ɗii ina ustoo. Caggal ɗuum, Obasanjo neldi debbo mum to Lagos, tawi omo hoota Kaduna kanko e hoore makko, o woni ɗoon haa lewru Yarkomaa 1967. E oon sahaa ko kanko woni ofisee Yoruba ɓurɗo mawnude tawaaɗo to bannge worgo. E lewru Yarkomaa 1967, Obasanjo toɗɗaama to Lagos ngam wonde mawɗo Injineer konu.Hare hakkunde leƴƴi Igbo e leƴƴi worgo ina jokki e ɓeydaade, e lewru mee, ofisee konu Igbo C. Odumegwu Ojukwu hollitii jeytaare nokkuuji ɓurɗi heewde Igbo e nder fuɗnaange-rewo leydi Bi. Ñalnde 3 lewru juko, laamu leydi Najeriya neldi Obasanjo to Ibadan ngam wonde hooreejo leydi Hirnaange.Hare hakkunde konu leydi Najeriya e seernaaɓe Biafran fuɗɗii ko ñalnde 6 lewru juko. Ñalnde 9 sulyee, Ojukwu neldi koloñaal konu Biafra dow pont Niiseer ngam yiɗde heɓtude Mid-West, nokku ɗo ɓe mbaawi ummoraade Lagos. Obasanjo yiɗiino uddude laabi jahduɗi e wuro ngo. Komandaajo Yoruba biyeteeɗo Victor Banjo, ardinooɗo konu njanngu Biafran, etinooma waawnude Obasanjo yoo ɓe njaltu, kono o salii. == Kuugal konu lesdi: 1967-1970 == "Kolonel Olu Obasanjo, gardinooɗo diɗɗal tataɓal". Jaaynde Naajeeriya keso, hello 7, 12 lewru Yarkomaa 1970. Gagga hare nder leydi Naajeeriya e Biafra. Ndeen Obasanjo toɗɗaama hooreejo caggal diɗɗal ɗiɗaɓal Murtala Muhammed, gollotoongal to Mid-Ouest. Obasanjo woni ko e jooɗaade to Ibadan, ko kañum halfinaa Division ɗiɗaɓo oo jogaade kaɓirɗe. E nder wuro ngo, Obasanjo jannginii course ganndal konu to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Ibadan, o mahi jokkondiral makko e nder elite Yoruba. E nder wolde nde, wonno ko jiiɓru mawndu e nder Dowla Hirnaange, ngam daɗde e ɗeen caɗeele, Obasanjo woppi golle mum e nder Diiso doosɗe Hirnaange.Nde Obasanjo woɗɗi Ibadan e lewru noowammbar 1968, gure jogiiɗe kaɓirɗe ɗe fedde remooɓe Agbekoya moofti, njani e galle laamorɗo Ibadan. Konuuji ɗii njaabtii, mbari sappo e fitinaaji ɗii. Nde Obasanjo arti o yamiri yo ñaawirde ƴeewto kewuuji ɗii. == Yamiroore konu: 1967-1970 == "Kolonel Olu Obasanjo, gardinooɗo diɗɗal tataɓal". Jaaynde Naajeeriya keso, hello 7, 12 lewru Yarkomaa 1970. Gagga hare nder leydi Naajeeriya e Biafra. Ndeen Obasanjo toɗɗaama hooreejo caggal diɗɗal ɗiɗaɓal Murtala Muhammed, gollotoongal to Mid-Ouest. Obasanjo ina jooɗii to Ibadan, ko kañum halfinaa Division ɗiɗaɓo oo jogaade kaɓirɗe. E nder wuro ngo, Obasanjo jannginii course ganndal konu to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Ibadan, o mahi jokkondiral makko e nder elite Yoruba. E nder wolde nde, wonno ko jiiɓru mawndu e nder Dowla Hirnaange, ngam daɗde e ɗeen geɗe, Obasanjo woppi golle e nder Diiso doosɗe Dowla Hirnaange. Nde Obasanjo woɗɗi Ibadan e lewru noowammbar 1968, wuro ngo ina jogii balɗe, ngo fedde remooɓe Agbekoya moofti, yani e galle laamorɗo Ibadan. Konuuji ɗii njaabtii, mbari sappo e fitinaaji ɗii. Nde Obasanjo arti o yamiri yo ñaawirde ƴeewto kewuuji ɗii. Gowon felliti lomtaade Kolonel Benjamin Adekunle, ardinooɗo njanngu Biafra, kono ina haani Yoruba mawɗo goɗɗo. O suɓii ko Obasanjo, hay so tawii noon o alaa humpito hare. Obasanjo arii Port Harcourt ngam heɓtude golle ɗee ñalnde 16 mee 1969 ; o ardii hannde hakkunde 35 000 e 40 000 soldaat. O waɗii jonte jeegom gadane ɗee ko e riiwtude njangu Biafran e Aba. O yilliima kala nokku e yeeso, o gaañiiɗo e waɗde ɗum. Ɗee golle ngaddi mo innde cuusal e nder worɓe makko E lewru desaambar, Obasanjo fuɗɗii golle Finishing Touch, yamiri konu mum yo yahru yeeso feewde Umuahia, ngu ɓe ƴetti ñalnde Natal. Ɗum taƴii Biafra e feccere. Ñalnde 7 lewru Yarkomaa 1970, o ummini ndeen « Operation Tail-Wind », o heɓti laana ndiwoowa Uli ñalnde 12 lewru Yarkomaa. E oon sahaa, ardiiɓe Biafran njaɓi yoɓde. Ñalnde 13 lewru nduu, Obasanjo jokkondiri e komandaajo konu Biafran biyeteeɗo Philip Effiong. Obasanjo wi'i sooja'en Biafran hokka balmi maɓɓe, nden boo suɓol ardiiɓe lesdi ndi'i ɗon yaha Lagos, ɓe hokka Gowon dow laawol. Janngo mum, Obasanjo haali e rajo diiwaan oo, o wiyi ɓiɓɓe leydi ndi yo njokku e galleeji mum en, o dartina kisal mum en. Biafranaaɓe heewɓe e jaayɗe goɗɗe ina kuli wonde konu leydi Najeriya ina waawi waɗde bonanndeeji keewɗi e yimɓe foolɓe ɓee, hay so tawii noon Obasanjo ina yiɗi haɗde ɗum. O yamiri konu makko e nder diiwaan hee yo heddo e nder galleeji mum en, jokkude wonde polis nokku oo ina foti ƴettude kuule ngam ƴellitde sariya e deeƴre. Division tataɓo, ɓurɗo woɗɗude, waɗii hareeji warngooji e yimɓe nokku oo. Obasanjo ina tiiɗi e waɗooɓe bonannde ndee, sibu waɗɓe warngooji ɗii mberlaama, waɗɓe warngooji ɗii mbardaa. Laamu Gowon waɗi Obasanjo kalfinaaɗo naatnude Biafra e nder leydi Najeriya, e nder oon darnde o heɓi teddungal ngam teeŋtinde mawngu. Ko o injenieer, o teeŋtinii artirde jolngo ndiyam ; haa lewru mee 1970 gure mawɗe diiwaan oo fof njokkondirii e jolngo ndiyam. Darnde Obasanjo e timminde wolde nde waɗi mo jaambaaro wolde, kadi ko o neɗɗo ganndiraaɗo e nder leydi Najeriya. == Kuugal maako ɓaawo konu lesdi: 1970-1975 == E lewru suwee 1970, Obasanjo arti Abeokuta, jamaanu jaɓɓii mo no jaambaaro garoowo nii. Ndeen o neldaama to Lagos, o woni Brigadier gardinooɗo Korse Innjiniyankooɓe. E lewru oktoobar, Gowon hollitii wonde laamu militeer en ina rokka laamu nguu laamu siwil e hitaande 1976. E nder ɗuum, haɗde lanndaaji politik ina heddii e doole ; Gowon yahri yeeso seeɗa e sosde laamu siwil. E les laamu sooja'en, Obasanjo jooɗi nder goomu limngal sooja'en lesdi Naajeeriya, ko laarani limngal sooja'en lesdi Naajeeriya nder duuɓi 1970. E hitaande 1974 Obasanjo yahi to leydi Angalteer ngam janngude to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Royal College to bannge diine. Nde o arti, e lewru Yarkomaa 1975 Gowon toɗɗii mo Komisariyaa Golle e Koɗki, golle ɗe o joginoo fotde lebbi jeeɗiɗi, e nder ɗuum o ɓuri waawde mahde kaɓirɗe konu. E hitaande 1970, Obasanjo soodi sosiyatee Libannaajo ɓooyɗo to Ibadan, o gollini heen awokaa ngam ƴellitde ɗum. E hitaande 1973 o winnditii fedde wiyeteende Temperance Enterprises Limited, nde o waawi waɗde heen golle njulaagu caggal nde o woppi golle konu. O jokki kadi e waɗde heen jawdi ; e hitaande 1974 o joginoo galleeji ɗiɗi to Lagos e gooto fof to Ibadan e Abeokuta. Haalaaji ummii wonde Obasanjo ina jokki e waɗde njulaagu nguu ina ɓeydoo yaajde e nder leydi Najeriya, hay so tawii noon alaa ko holliti ɗum ko laaɓti. Dewgal makko e Oluremi wonti caɗeele nde o salii jokkondiral makko e rewɓe woɗɓe. E cakkital kitaale 1970 dewgal maɓɓe fusi. E hitaande 1976 o resi Stella Abebe e nder kewu aadaaji Yoruba. E nder laamu Murtala == Kuudetaa 1975 e caggal mum == Binndanɗe mawɗe: Kuudetaa laamu Nijeer e hitaande 1975 e Kawtal konu Nijeer (1966–1979) E lewru sulyee 1975, kuudetaa e gardagol Shehu Muusaa Yar’Adua e Yuusuf Garba liɓi Gowon, o dogi fayti Angalteer. Ɓe kaalaani Obasanjo e peeje maɓɓe nde tawnoo omo anndiraa wonde kuudetaa ko kuutorgal waylude laamu. Kuudetaaji ɗii njiɗnoo ko lomtinde laamu otokaraasi Gowon nguu e laamu tati (triumvirate) brigadieruuji tati ɗi Diiso Toowngo Konu ina waawi haɗde kuule mum en. Ngalɗoo laamu tati, ɓe cemmbini Seneraal Murtala Muhammed yo won hooreejo leydi, Obasanjo woni ɗiɗaɓo e gardagol mum, Danjuma woni tataɓo. Daartoowo biyeteeɗo John Iliffe teskiima wonde e nder triumvirate, Obasanjo ko « puccu gollordu e ngaandi » , ko kanko ɓuri yaawde hootde e laamu siwil. E nder heen, triumvirate oo naatni peeje ustude ngalu ngam haɗde inflation, sosi Biro toppitiiɗo ko fayti e golle bonɗe, lomtini guwerneeruuji militeer en ɗii fof ofiseeji kesi, ɓe cifotoo ko Obasanjo woni hooreejo konu, ɓe puɗɗii "Operation Deadwood" mo ɓe ndartini ofiseeji civil 11,000. == Mawɗo gollordu, suudu sarɗiiji: 1975–76 == E lewru oktoobar 1975, laamu nguu hollitii peeje ngam waɗde woote ɗe mbaɗata ngam laamu siwil e lewru oktoobar 1979. Ngu hollitii kadi peeje ngam sosde goomu ngam ƴettude doosgal leydi kesal, tawi ko Obasanjo ɓuri waawde suɓaade terɗe goomu nguu 49. E dow wasiyaaji Komiseer Irifeke, laamu nguu hollitii kadi sosde dowlaaji jeeɗiɗi kesi ; e dow tiiɗnaare Obasanjo, Abeokuta ina foti wonde laamorgo gooto e ɗeen dowlaaji kesi, hono Ogun. Kadi dow wasiyaaji komitiiru ndun, ɓe anndini anniyaaji seeɗa-seeɗa ngam wurtinki laamorgo lesdi Naajeeriya diga Lagos haa Abuja ɓurduɗum caka. E lewru Yarkomaa 1976, Obasanjo e Danjuma fof ƴettaa e jappeere Lietnaa-Seneraal. Murtala e Obasanjo fof ina ndartini darnde ngam haɗde koloñaal Oropnaaɓe jokkude e njiimaandi ɓaleeɓe tokosɓe e nder Afrik worgo, ɗum noon ko huunde nde ɓe cuɓii e politik maɓɓe caggal leydi. Ngolɗoo sabaabu ina ɓeydoo wontude ngoƴa Obasanjo. Caggal nde Angolaa heɓti jeytaare mum e juuɗe Portigaal, wolde ɓesngu addi e leydi hee. Naajeeriya anndi laabi laamu ngu MPLA, fedde marxist en nde Dental Sowiyet walli, sabu laamu luulndiingu FNLA e UNITA ina mballita e laamu ɓaleeɓe tokosɓe to Afrik worgo. Ko jiidaa e rokkude MPLA ballal kaalis, Niiseer fuɗɗiima ƴattaade leyɗeele Afrik goɗɗe ngam kadi jaɓde njuɓɓudi MPLA, e fuɗɗoode hitaande 1976 ko ɓuri heewde e dowlaaji e nder Fedde Ngootaagu Afrik (OAU) mbaɗii ɗum. E lewru feebariyee 1976, Obasanjo ardii delegaasiyoŋ Najeriya ngam mawninde hitaande MPLA to Luanda, ɗo o wiyi : « ko ñalngu maantiniingu, ko ɗum fuɗɗoode hare sakkitiinde ngam haɓaade koloñaal, imperiyaalisma e njiyaagu e nder Afrik ». == Warngo Murtala : 13 feebariyee 1976 == E lewru feebariyee 1976, kolonel Buka Suka Dimka waɗi kuudetaa e laamu Nijeer, tawi ko ndeen Seneraal Murtala Muhammed waraa. Eɓɓoore kadi waɗaama e nguurndam Obasanjo, kono neɗɗo mo fotaani waraa. Dimka ŋakkiraa ballal mawngal e nder militeer en, kuudetaa makko ronki, ɗum addani mo dogde. Obasanjo tawtoraaki wirwirnde Murtala to Kano, kono o hollitii laamu nguu ina jogori yoɓde mahngo juulirde e nokku ɗo o wirnaa ɗoo. Caggal nde o waraa, Obasanjo tawtoraama batu Diiso Toowngo Konu. O hollitii yiɗde makko woppude laamu, kono Diiso ngoo heɓiino ɗaɓɓude yo o lomto Murtala e gardagol leydi ndii. Ko ɗum waɗi o wonti hooreejo diiso ngoo.E nder kulhuli makko e ɓeydagol eɓɓooji e nguurndam makko, Obasanjo naati e nder kasoo Dodan, tawi 39 neɗɗo tuumaaɗo wonde e nder kuudetaa Dimka mbaraa, ɗum jibini tuumeede wonde jaabawol Obasanjo ngol ina heewi. Ko Obasanjo woni hooreejo leydi ndi, o huniima jokkude dawrugol Murtala. == Hooreejo leydi konu (1976-1979) == == Triumvirat konu == E anndude kulhuli gonɗi e woɗɗude yimɓe woyla Naajeeriya, Obasanjo addi Seneraal Shehu Yar'Adua ngam lomtaade mo e ɗiɗaɓo e gardagol hooreejo konu, gardiiɗo jaagorɗe toowɗo timminoowo triumvirate militeer en, Obasanjo woni hooreejo leydi e Seneraal Theophilus Stajumabli ngam laamaade dow tato we- laamu konu. Obasanjo hirjinii jeewte e nanondiral hakkunde Diiso Toowngo Konu. Heewɓe ina kaawaa hol ko waɗi Obasanjo – hono Yoruba e Kerecee – toɗɗaade Yar’Adua, tergal e aristokraasi worgo, yo won gardiiɗo ɗiɗaɓo mum, wonaa banndiiko Yoruba Kerecee. Obasanjo teeŋtinii kulhuli ngenndiiji e dow ɗi diiwanuuji ɗii ; o hirjini sukaaɓe e mawɓe fof nde njanngata fodoore ngenndiire hesere ndee e jimɗi ngenndiiji ɗii. Nafoore heɓde miijooji ɓurɗi yaajde, ñalnde aset kala omo waɗa seminar mo alaa ko woni e mum so wonaa toɓɓere nde yimɓe ɓe ngonaa politikaaji e gollotooɓe laamu noddata. Ina jeyaa e ɓe o ɗaɓɓirta wasiyaaji mum en, annduɓe lislaam e mawɓe aadaaji. == Politik faggudu == Obasanjo wondude e hooreejo leydi Amerik biyeteeɗo Jimmy Carter to galle laamorɗo Amerik e hitaande 1977 E cakkital kitaale 1970, leydi Naajeeriya ina joginoo faggudu ɓurndu heewde doole, tawi noon ko 34% e inflation. Ngam haɓugo bee caɗeele faggudu lesdi Naajeeriya, Obasanjo tokki dabareeji cemmbiɗinki ceede ngam ustugo ceede laamu. E nder bidsee makko 1976, Obasanjo eɓɓi ustude njoɓdi laamu nguu fotde feccere, ustude eɓɓaaɗe tedduɗe, tawa ina ɓeyda njoɓdi jaŋde, cellal, galleeji, e ndema. O sosi kadi goomu ngam haɓaade inflation, e nder hitaande wootere caggal nde Obasanjo heɓi laamu, inflation ustii haa 30%. Obasanjo ina heewi yiɗde ñamlude kaalis, kono e ballal Banke Adunayankeewo e Fonds Monétaire International, Nijeer ƴetti ñamlude miliyaaruuji 1 dolaar e fedde bankeeji. Ɓeen ñiŋooɓe leftist en mbiyi wonde waɗde ɗum ina addana leydi ndii ɗooftaade kapitaalisma. E nder duuɓi ɗiɗi garooji ɗii, laamu Obasanjo, Nijeer ƴettii 4 983 miliyoŋ dolaar goɗɗo. Naajeeriya ina wondi e ɓeydagol fotde 3% hitaande kala e nder kitaale 1970, huunde nde fotnoo ɓeydaade fotde laabi ɗiɗi e nder duuɓi 25 seeɗa. Obasanjo teskiima caggal ɗuum wonde o anndaa ɗum e oon sahaa, sibu laamu makko alaa politik e ƴellitde yimɓe. Ɓeydagol yimɓe leydi Naajeeriya addani ɓe ɓeydaade yaawde e nder gure mawɗe e ŋakkeende cuuɗi e nder gure. Ngam haɓaade ɗum, bidsee Obasanjo e hitaande 1976 hollitii peeje mahngo 200 000 galle keso haa hitaande 1980, hay so tawii noon ko 28 500 tan mahaa.E hitaande 1976, laamu Obasanjo kadi hollitii wonde ina jogori ƴellitde renndo e cogguuli. Ngam haɓaade jiiɓru seppooji gollotooɓe, e hitaande 1976 laamu Obasanjo yaltinii sariyaaji cifotooɗi ko ɓuri heewde e gollorɗe mawɗe ko sarwisaaji baɗɗi faayiida, haɗi seppooji e nder mum en, yamiri nanngugol ardiiɓe senndikaaji jiiɓru. E hitaande 1978 nde hawriti senndikaaji 42 e nder fedde wootere nde gollotooɓe e leydi Nijeer. Obasanjo jokki bee taskaramji tati mawɗi ngam ndiyam haa woyla lesdi Naajeeriya ɗi arannde anndinaama les Murtala: taskaramji maayo Kano, taskaramji Bakalori, e taskaramji ndiyam Chad Sud. Laamu makko kadi jokki eɓɓooji ƴellitaare ndema puɗɗanooɗi to Funtua, Gusau, e Gombe. Won eɓɓaaɗe ƴellitgol laddeeji kadi puɗɗaama ngam haɗde njiimaandi Saharaa to bannge worgo. Ngam heɓde ko ɓuri heewde e ɗaɓɓaande leydi ndii e kuuraa, Obasanjo ardiima udditgol eɓɓaaɗe ɗiɗi kese ngam ƴellitde kuuraa e nder ndiyam e ƴulɓe. Industry petrol heddii ko huunde mawnde e faggudu leydi Naajeeriya e les laamu Obasanjo, ministeer petrol hawtii e fedde petroŋ leydi Naajeeriya ngam sosde fedde petroŋ leydi Naajeeriya (NNPC). Obasanjo kadi wallitii sosde lowre liggorde to Bonny, nde NNPC yoɓi 62% ; eɓɓaande ndee ko lomto makko woppi ɗum e nder ɓeydagol coodguuli. Obasanjo jokki kadi e peewnugol njuɓɓudi njamndi mboɗeeri Ajaokuta, eɓɓaande ndonaandi nde heewɓe e ñiŋooɓe e nder sarwisaaji laamu mbiyata ko nde waawataa huutoreede. E nder cakkital kitaale 1970, Naajeeriya kadi ina wondi e ustaare ndema, ko ɗum huunde nde laamuuji jokkondirɗi ɗii njiyti ko ɓuri hoybude e naatde e nguura e nder leydi ndii. E lewru mee 1976, Obasanjo fuɗɗii « Operation Feed the Nation » (Operation Feed the Nation), woni eɓɓaande ngam wuurtinde ndema tokoosa, tawi ina jeyaa heen yoɓeede almudɓe ngam remde e nder balɗe juulde. Eɓɓaande ndee ina waɗi kadi momtugol njoɓɗeele e nguura jawdi e kaɓirɗe ndema, e ballal kuutoragol tovo ngo, e ustude njoɓɗeele ndema. E lewru marse 1978, Obasanjo yaltini kuulal kuutoragol leydi ndi rokki laamu nguu hakkeeji jeyi leydi e dow leydi ndii kala. Ɗum waɗiraa ko ngam haɗde njulaagu leydi e njulaagu leydi, kadi addani ɗum yetteede e bannge nano leydi Najeriya hay so tawii noon ko galleeji keewɗi jogiiɗi leydi njiɗaa ɗum. Obasanjo yiyri ɗum ko e geɗe teeŋtuɗe laamu mum. Obasanjo wallitorii reentaade Gowon ngam waɗde heen jawdi mum caggal leydi, o jokki e ɗeen politikaaji. Politik faggudu ngenndiyankaagal e nder sekteeruuji teeŋtuɗi ina usta njulaagu keeriiɗo, ɗum addani ɗum ustude njulaagu, hay so tawii noon daraniiɓe ɗum ɓee ina njetta Obasanjo ngam dartinde diisnondiral kaalis so renndinaama e ardiiɓe mum. == Politikuuji nder leydi == O (Obasanjo) jokki e ƴamol jaŋde leslesre winndereyankoore e nder leydi Najeriya, politik ronkaama e Gowon. O naatini sariya jaŋde leslesre e hitaande 1976 ; hakkunde 1975–76 e 1979–80, binnditagol e duɗe leslese ɗe njoɓaaka kono ɗe njiɗaa, ɓeydiima gila e miliyoŋaaji 6 haa 12,5 miliyoŋ, hay so tawii noon jannginooɓe e kaɓirɗe ina ŋakki ngam waawde huutoraade ɗaɓɓaande ndee. E hitaande jaŋde 1977–78, Obasanjo naatni jaŋde hakkundeere nde alaa ko yoɓetee e fannuuji karallaagal, huunde nde yaajnaa e denndaangal jaŋde hakkundeere e hitaande 1979–80. E oon sahaa gooto, leydi Naajeeriya ustii kaalis jaŋde toownde ; e hitaande 1978 nde woppi rokkude ñamaale almudɓe, nde ɓeydi fotde laabi tati njoɓdi nguura e hoɗorde duɗe jaaɓi haaɗtirde. Seppooji janngooɓe mbaɗi e nder gure keewɗe, waɗii warngooji baɗnooɗi e nder wuro Lagos e Zaria. E nder jaabawol fitinaaji ɗii, Obasanjo udditi duɗe jaaɓi-haaɗtirde keewɗe, haɗi golle politik e nder duɗe jaaɓi-haaɗtirde, haɗi kadi fedde janngooɓe leydi Najeriya. Tiiɗnaare ɗeen peeje ina gasa tawa ko sabu tuumeede wonde fitinaaji almudɓe ɗii ina njokkondiri e kuudetaa militeer peewnaaɗo e lewru feebariyee 1978. Obasanjo ina mettini e jikkuuji almudɓe seppooɓe ɓee, o wiyi wonde ɗum ina hollita ruttaade e nafooje aadaaji ko wayi no hormaade almudɓe. Ngam batte ɓamtaare laamu Naajeeriya, leydi ndi yi’i ɓamtaare mawnde nder kuuɗe laamu. Seedeeji peeñii ko feewti e fenaande mawnde e nder laamu leydi ndii, tee, so tawii tuume ɗee ina keewi waɗeede e Obasanjo e hoore mum, alaa seedeeji tiiɗɗi peeñi. Ngam haɗde natal njulaagu e nder laamu, laamu Obasanjo haɗii huutoraade otooji Mercedes ngam waɗde otooji laamu, e lomtaade ɗum en, ɓe mbaɗti heen otooji Peugeot 504 ɓurɗi hoybude Naatgol champagne kadi haɗaama. E ƴaañde taƴgol konu, laamu Obasanjo yiyri 12 000 soldaat ina ndartinaa e nder duuɓi 1976 e 1977. Ɗee konu njalti ko e nokkuuji kesi ngam wallitde ɗum en e jokkondirde e nguurndam siwil en. Obasanjo kadi ina tuuma wonde ko kañum woni sabaabu ƴaañgol politik. E nder yeewtere wootere maantiniinde, koɗorɗe jimoowo e daraniiɗo politik Najeriya biyeteeɗo Fela Kuti, Republique Kalakuta, yani, yani haa laaɓi, caggal nde tergal e fedde makko hawri e yimɓe konu. Fela e ɓesngu mum piyi, njuppaa, yumma mum mawɗo, daraniiɗo politik e yumma mum sosɗo Chief Funmilayo Ransome Kuti, werlaa e windo. Ɗum addani mo gaañiiɓe no feewi, haa arti noon e maayde makko. Fela caggal ɗuum nawti kees to galle hooreejo leydi ndii e oon sahaa to Dodan Barracks to Lagos ngam salaade ƴaañde laamu nguu e politik. == Politik caggal leydi == Hooreejo leydi Amerik biyeteeɗo Jimmy Carter ina wondi e Obasanjo e njillu mum to leydi Najeriya e hitaande 1978 Obasanjo ina yiɗi tabitinde leydi Najeriya no ardorde mawnde e nder Afrik nii, e nder laamu makko, doole mum e nder duunde nde ɓeydiima. O ummini dabare Gowon ngam waɗugo julde ɗiɗaɓre nder duuniyaaru ngam naalankaaku e pinal ɓaleeɓe e afriknaajo haa lesdi Naajeeriya; ɗum waɗi ko to Lagos e lewru feebariyee 1977, hay so tawii noon ñaawooɓe nder leydi ndii mbiyi ko ɗum huunde nde alaa ko nafata. Obasanjo hokkii ɗuuɗal teddungal dow Dental Faggudu lesɗe Afrik Hirnaange (ECOWAS) nden o mettini ɗuuɗɓe nder terɗe maako ɗemngal Farayse ɓaawo o wi'i, bana no Naajeeriya ɓuri wallugo ceede ngam hukuuma kan, Naajeeriya foti jaɓɓaago hukuumaaji pamari ɗin haa Lagos. Jokkondiral e Ganaa ɓadiiɗo kadi ustii ; e hitaande 1979, leydi Nijeer taƴii petroŋ e nder leydi ndii ngam salaade warngooji luulndiiɓe politik ɗi laamu kesu ngu Jerry Rawlings wari. E laamu Obasanjo, Naajeeriya ustii jokkondiral mum juutngal e leydi Angalteer, ɓeydi jokkondirde e leyɗeele dentuɗe Amerik. Obasanjo ina yiɗi laamu hooreejo leydi Amerik biyeteeɗo Jimmy Carter, cuɓaaɗo e hitaande 1976, sabu Carter ina joginoo darnde tiiɗnde ngam tabitinde laamu ɓurngu heewde e Afrik worgo. Ambasadeer Carter to leydi Nijeer, hono Andrew Young, waɗii sehilaagal tiiɗngal e Obasanjo, Carter yilliima leydi Nijeer e hitaande 1978. Kono tan, kuulal ngam waylude alkule ɗee waɗiraa ko ngam dalillaaji laaɓtuɗi, wonaa miijooji ; yiytude petroŋ e nder maayo worgo firti ko Angalteer wontii ƴaañoowo wonaa soodoowo petroŋ Nijeer.Laamu Obasanjo kadi ina mettini heen no feewi nde Angalteer salii yoɓde Gowon, ina sikka wonde laamu Angalteer ina waawi wonde e kuudetaa mo Murtala waɗi. Ngam ɗeeɗoo hujjaaji, e hitaande 1976 nde miijii dartinde jokkondiral dipolomaasi e Angalteer, kono haa jooni nde dartinaani. Obasanjo noon saliima yahde Angalteer, o semmbini ardiiɓe makko waɗde ɗum. Jokkondiral ngal ɓeydii bonde nde Margaret Thatcher wonti gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi Angalteer e hitaande 1979, o fuɗɗii waɗde feere ɓurnde welde e njuɓɓudi laamu ɓaleeɓe tokosɓe to Rodesi e Afrik worgo. E nder jaabawol ngol, Naajeeriya nanngi laanawol ndiyam lesdi Naajeeriya, ngol ɓe tammi ɗon nastina petrol Naajeeriya haa lesdi Naajeeriya, ɓe haɗi hukuumaaji pamari Biritaniya ngam heɓugo kuuɗe Naajeeriya, ɓe nastini kuuɗe BP haa lesdi Naajeeriya. Obasanjo ina yiɗi kadi yaawnaade joofnude laamu ɓaleeɓe tokosɓe e nder Afrik worgo ; e wiyde Iliffe, ɗum wonti « cakkital politik makko caggal leydi ». Naajeeriya hokki ballal ngam haɓugo bee laamu daneeji nder diiwal ngal, hokki hukuumaaji pamari ɗi'i uddita birooji haa Lagos, nden hokki hukuumaaji pamari ɗin ɗon hokka mooɓgal feere-feere dogguɓe laamuuji lesdi Afrika fombinaari. E ƴettude peeje tiiɗɗe ngam haɓaade laamu apartaayd to Afrik worgo, Obasanjo hollitii wonde Nijeer naatataa e Olimpiyaaji 1976 sabu leydi Nuwel Selannde, tawtoraaɗo kawgel ngel, ina joginoo jokkondiral e Afrik worgo, leydi ndi haɗaa tawtoreede kawgel ngel sabu apartaayd. E hitaande 1977, Obasanjo haɗi kala kontraaji jokkondirɗi e Afrik worgo golloraade e nder leydi Nijeer ; sosiyateeji mawɗi ɗi njippii ɗii ko petroŋ Angalteer e Banke Barclays. E ndeen hitaande kadi, leydi Nijeer yuɓɓinii batu Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe ngam haɓaade apartaayd to Lagos, Obasanjo yilliima Amerik e lewru oktoobar ɗo o wiyi leydi ndii yo woppu yeeyde kaɓirɗe to Afrik worgo. Nde o woni nder leydi ndi'i o wolwi haa kawtal hoore lesdi ndi'i nden asaweeje ɗiɗi ɓaawo man Naajeeriya heɓi jooɗorde nder kawtal lesdi ndi'i. Fiilde Margaret Thatcher e hitaande 1979 ngam wonde gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi Angalteer, addani jokkondiral Angalteer e Niiseer bonnude ; Obasanjo miijii ko o yurmeende no feewi e laamuuji daneeji tokoosi e nder Afrik worgo Luulndaade laamu ɓaleeɓe tokosɓe e nder leydi Rodesi, addaniino hare Bush e nder leydi Rodesi, laamu Obasanjo ina jokki e wiyde wonde ko hare balɗe tan woni feere ngam foolde laamu Rodesi. O hirjinii ngootaagu hakkunde pelle ceertuɗe luulndiiɗe laamu toon, o wiyi Robert Mugabe, hooreejo ZANU, yo jaɓ ardaade luulndiiɗo makko, hono Joshua Nkomo mo ZAPU. E hitaande 1977, Angalteer e Amerik ciifi eɓɓaaɗe ngam waylude laamu ɓurngu heewde e Rodesi, e nder yonta mo leydi ndii woni e les njiimaandi doole Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe. Obasanjo jaɓii eɓɓaande ndee, o yilliima Tansani, Sammbi, Mosammbik, e Republiik Demokaratik Konngo ngam wiyde laamuuji mum en yo mbaɗ noon. Kono caggal nde Thatcher wonti gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi Angalteer, leydi Nijeer woɗɗitii hoore mum e darnde Angalteer ngam haɗde wolde Bush Rhodesian, o woppitaa kala darnde teeŋtunde e nder golle ɗe Angalteer waɗi, ɗe ngaddani wooteeji demokaraasi ɗi leƴƴi keewɗi mbaɗi e hitaande... Ko o hooreejo leydi, Obasanjo tawtoraama batuuji OAU. E oon sahaa yuɓɓinaa e lewru sulyee 1977, o eɓɓi sosde goomu jooɗiiɗo ngam haɓaade luural hakkunde leyɗeele jeyaaɗe e OAU. E batu 1978, o jeertinii wonde banngeeji ɗiɗi ɗii fof ina poti naatde e wolde huuɓtodinnde. E nder batu garoowo oo, o wiyi yo konu Pan-Afriknaajo sose, baawɗo waɗde golle ngam hisnude jam e nder duunde he. Ngam ɓamtuki darnde lesdi Naajeeriya nder duuniyaaru, Obasanjo nasti nder kuuɗe feere-feere ɗe lesdi Naajeeriya nder Afrika fuu. E hitaande 1977, o heɓtinii Benin e Togo yoo ndartin luural hakkunde keeri mum en, nguddita keeri mum en. O etinooma kadi haɓaade luural hakkunde leyɗeele keewɗe Fuɗnaange Afrik, o haɗa ɗum kadi ruttaade e Dental Fuɗnaange Afrik, kono o dañii heen caɗeele. Ko o hooreejo goomu jokkondire OAU, o etinooma jokkondire Ogaden hakkunde Ecoppi e Somali kono kadi o dañaani. O waawaano kadi feewnude luural peeñngal hakkunde Angalteer e leydi Konngo. E innde OAU, Obasanjo waɗii batu to Kano ngam haɓaade hare hakkunde leyɗeele Caad. Feddeeji keewɗi njaɓii darnude wolde, sosde laamu ngootaagu ngenndi, e accude konu leydi Najeriya ina waɗa jam. Hare nden noon jokki, Naajeeriya jaabtii e taƴde petroŋ mum to Caad. Koolol ɗiɗmol ko faati e hare ndee waɗii to Lagos e lewru ut 1979, ɗum addani laamu nguu sosde laamu nguu, ngu juutaani. E hitaande sakkitiinde e laamu makko konu, o ardii golle OAU ngam safrude wolde Saharaa hirnaange. == Jaltugol laamu == Laamu militeer en hawri ko e goomu ƴettugol doosɗe leydi ngam ƴettude doosgal kesal potngal huutoreede e nder mbayliigu laamu siwil. Goomu nguu hollitii wonde Naajeeriya ina foti waylude laamu mum, ngu tuugii ko e laamu parlemaa leydi Angalteer, ngu tuugnii e laamu hooreejo leydi Amerik, ɗo hooreejo leydi gooto cuɓaaɗo woni hooreejo leydi e hooreejo laamu. Ngam haɗude oo hooreejo leydi wontude diktatoor, hono no waɗirnoo e nokkuuji goɗɗi e nder Afrik nii, o ɗaɓɓi ƴeewndorɗe keewɗe e doole maɓɓe, haa arti noon e njuɓɓudi fedde nde, ɗo juɓɓule cuɓaaɗe keertiiɗe ngoni ɗoo e to bannge fedde, to bannge dowri, to bannge nokkuuji. Eɓɓaande doosgal leydi ndii yaltinaa ko e lewru oktoobar 1976, nde yeewtidaa e yeeso yimɓe fof e hitaande aroore ndee.Asamblee doosgal leydi hawri ngam yeewtidde e eɓɓaande doosgal leydi ndii e lewru oktoobar 1977. Asaambele leydi ndii ina jokki e ƴeewde hol darnde nde sariya sharia rokkata e nder doosgal leydi ndii. Obasanjo noddii dental ngal, o jeertini ɓe batte kuulal ngal ɓe mbaɗi e renndo, o wiyi ɓe yo ɓe ƴettu jikkuuji ɓurɗi moƴƴude. E lewru suwee 1978, Diiso toowngo konu (Conseil suprême militaire) habri doosɗe leydi kese ɗee ; nde waɗiino waylooji keewɗi e mbaydi ndi asaambele doosgal leydi ndii ƴetti. Yanti e doosgal kesal ngal, Obasanjo itti haɗde lanndaaji politik. Ndeen pelle keewɗe mbaɗii ngam tawtoreede wooteeji garooji ɗii, ko ɓuri teeŋtude heen ko lannda ngootaagu Yoruba, lannda yimɓe Naajeeriya, e lannda ngenndiijo Naajeeriya. Obasanjo mettini heen no feewi nde tawnoo heewɓe e dawriyankooɓe ina mbaɗa fodoore nde ɓe mbaawataa ɗooftaade. Woote ɗee mbaɗi ko e nder lewru sulyee e lewru ut 1979. Wootooɓe ɓee ina pamɗi, ko hakkunde 30 e 40% e wootooɓe winnditiiɓe e sariya, tee ina waɗi fenaande banngeeji keewɗi, hay so tawii noon ko jam. Wonno ko jeewte ko fayti e hol keɓɗo woote hooreleydaagu, Obasanjo salii ñaawde, o wiyi yo Komisariyaa woote ƴetta oon darnde.Ɓe kollitii wonde Shehu Shagari woni keɓɗo, huunde nde gardiiɗo ɗiɗaɓo oo, hono Obafemi Awolowo, luulndii to Ñaawirde Toownde, tawi o dañaani heen nafoore. Shagari ƴetti laamu ko e lewru oktoobar 1979 ; e nder kewu udditgol makko, Obasanjo rokki Shagari koppi doosgal leydi kesal. Ko ɗum woni fuɗɗoode Republique ɗiɗaɓere leydi Najeriya. Darnde Obasanjo nder wartirki lesdi Naajeeriya haa laamu siwil, ɗum laatoto darnde woore nde o jogi nder duuɓi cappanɗe ɗiɗi garooji. Kono yimɓe heewɓe e nder leydi ndii e caggal leydi, ina jeyaa heen hooreejo leydi Zambie, hono Kenneth Kaunda e hooreejo leydi Togo, hono Gnassingbé Eyadéma, ina ɗaɓɓi e makko yo o heddo e laamu. Jaɓde makko wallitde Awolowo, banndiiko Yoruba, addani mo gaño ko heewi e elite Yoruba. Awolowo tuumi Obasanjo ko kanko woni orkestraaji Shagari, huunde nde Obasanjo yeddi no feewi. == Ko adii laamu (1979-1999) == Ko adii nde o yaltata laamu, e lewru abriil 1979, Obasanjo ƴetti hoore mum e darnde seneraal ; ko o seneraal koode nay o jokki e heɓde njoɓdi dowla. Nde o woppi golle e lewru oktoobar, o arti Abeokuta. Caggal nde o waɗi kursus jonte jeegom to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde heblo ndema, Obasanjo ƴetti hoore mum e ndema, omo ɗaminii waɗde yeru e hirjinde ƴellitaare ndema. O heɓi ko famɗi fof 230 ektaar leydi to Ota ngam sosde ngesa makko, o naati ɗoon e galle ngesa birik. Wonno ko gaññeeje nokkuyankooje e dañde leydi ndi haa heewi, ñaawirɗe keewɗe ngaddaama e makko sabu ɗuum. Golle makko ndema yuɓɓinaama e fedde makko wiyeteende Temperance, caggal ɗuum o inniri ɗum « Obasanjo’s Farms Limited ». O waɗti heen hakkille teeŋtuɗo e ndema colli ; e cakkital kitaale 1980, ngesa makko ina ɓuuɓna 140 000 cukalel e yontere. O sosi kadi gese e nder gure goɗɗe to bannge worgo-fuɗnaange, e hitaande 1987 gese makko ina njogii ko ina tolnoo e 400 gollotooɗo e nokkuuji jeetati. Hono no yimɓe Yoruba woɗɓe lolluɓe nii, Obasanjo ina wallitnoo almudɓe miskineeɓe to duɗal makko ɓooyngal to Abeokuta. Obasanjo ɓeydii ñiŋde laamu siwil Shagari, o wiyi hooreejo leydi ndii ina famɗi semmbe, ina ŋakkiraa peeje. Naajeeriya nasti nder ɓillaaji faggudu ngam waylaaki coggu petrol nder duuniyaaru. E lewru mee 1983, mawɓe konu ɗaɓɓiri Obasanjo nde ƴettata laamu leydi ndii kadi, kono o salii. E lewru desaambar, ɓe liɓi Shagari tawi Obasanjo alaa heen, e nder kuudetaa mo yiyaani fitinaaji seeɗa. Muhammadu Buhari laati hooreejo lesdi sooje'en keso. Obasanjo fuɗɗii wallugo laamu Buhari, o wi'i demokaraasi wakiili'en ɗon ƴaɓɓitoo haa lesdi Naajeeriya. O yetti Buhari ngam haɓugo bee cemmbiɗinki lesdi, o ɗon mari feccere nder nastirde lesdi, nden o ɗon wartira budget booɗɗum. E lewru ut 1985, Buhari kadi liɓaama, hooreejo konu Ibraahiima Babangida ƴetti laamu. Obasanjo ina ñiŋa won e peeje faggudu ɗe Babangida waɗi, haa arti noon e ustude njoɓdi naira. E hitaande 1992, luulndaare makko e laamu Babangida addani mo noddude yo leydi Najeriya artire demokaraasi. O fuɗɗii kadi salaade politikaaji faggudu (indigenisation) e kitaale 1970, o wiyi doosɗe leydi ina poti haɗde ƴettugol jawdi caggal leydi. E nder ɗuum, o sikki laamu nguu ina foti teeŋtinde ƴellitaare nde laamu nguu ardii. O ɓeydii hulɓinaade ko ɓeydagol yimɓe, toɓɓere nde o yejjitaani nde o woni e laamu, o wiyi Naajeeriyankooɓe yo njogo ɓesnguuji tokoosi "ngam nafoore faggudu maɓɓe e renndo-faggudu ngenndi". E nder duuɓi sappo e go’o caggal nde Obasanjo woppi laamu, o yaltinii defte nay. E hitaande 1980, Obasanjo wonnoo ko tedduɗo to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Ibadan, ɗo o winndi deftere wiyeteende My Command, daartol ko faati e geɗe makko e nder wolde hakkunde leyɗeele ; nde yalti ko e lewru noowammbar ndeen hitaande. Won e janngooɓe ñiŋii ko ɓe njiyri ko Obasanjo ina ŋakkira Murtala Muhammed, Robert Adeyinka Adebayo, mawɗo politik Yoruba, wiyi yo deftere ndee yaltine ngam haɗde nde aawde feccere. Ƴeewirde ɓurnde moƴƴude ndee waɗi ko sehil makko, hono Ken Saro-Wiwa, o innitiri ɗum masterly kono o sikki ko ɗum waɗi ballal rewindaade no feewi. E hitaande 1987, o yaltini Nzeogwu, deftere ciimtol sehil makko Chukwuma Nzeogwu, mo o gollodtonoo to Konngo. Hitaande 1989, deftere Obasanjo yaltini, wiyeteende Doosgal leydi ngam naatgol e ƴellitaare, nde o jeertini e hujjaaji Babangida ngam sosde laamu lanndaaji ɗiɗi e nder leydi Najeriya. E hitaande 1990, deftere makko tataɓere, wiyeteende Not my volonté yalti. Nde rokki ciimtol sahaa nde o laaminoo leydi ndii. == Golle hakkunde leyɗeele: 1979-1993 == E hitaande 1986 Obasanjo jokkondiri e Nelson Manndelaa. O hollitii wonde "ko kawral ngal meeɗaa yejjiteede. Mi yiyii e [Mandelaa] Afriknaajo worgo, ko Afriknaajo tigi rigi, kadi ko gardiiɗo winndere mo alaa ko woni e mum. O ɓuri ardiiɓe ɓe min kawri e mum en e nder Afrik worgo ɓee fof." E yiɗde jogaade semmbe e dingiral winnderewal, Obasanjo udditi Fedde Ardorde Afrik e nder ngesa mum Ota. Tuggi 1981 haa 1982, o jooɗiima kadi e Komiseer Palme, fedde nde gonnooɗo gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi Suwed, hono Olof Palme ardii, yeewtidnde ko fayti e ustude kaɓirɗe e kisal winndere. Obasanjo rewi heen ko e jeyeede e goomuuji nannduɗi e ɗii ɗoo, wonande Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe, Fedde Adunaare Cellal, e Goomu hakkunde-leyɗeewu ardiiɓe laamuuji ɓooyɗi. Nde Javier Pérez de Cuéllar, hooreejo Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe rafi, Obasanjo hiisetee ko potɗo lomtaade mo. Caggal nde Pérez de Cuéllar holliti woppii laamu, Obasanjo fuɗɗii kampaañ ngam lomtaade mo. E woote Goomu Kisal Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe, o woni tataɓo, tawi ko Boutros Boutros-Ghali, Ejiptnaajo, ƴetti darnde ndee. O yalti galle makko e njilluuji keewɗi; e hitaande 1986 o yilliima Japon, e hitaande 1987 o yilliima U.S. E nder luural hakkunde leyɗeele dentuɗe Amerik ngam yiɗde ɓurde yooɗde e Afrik worgo, nanondiraama wonde fedde wiyeteende Eminent Persons Group (EPG) ina sosee ngam fuɗɗoraade kaaldigal e laamu Afrik worgo ngam wallitde ɗum e ustude apartaayd. E dow wasiyaaji cukko hooreejo leydi Naajeeriya, hono Emeka Anyaoku, Obasanjo suɓaama ngam ardaade fedde nde e wonndude e gonnooɗo gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi Ostarali, hono Malcolm Fraser. Obasanjo jaɓi e dow fenaande. E lewru feebariyee 1986, kanko e Fraser ɓe njahi to wuro wiyeteengo Cape Town ɗo ɓe naamndii ngam hawritde e Nelson Manndelaa, daraniiɗo apartaayd, tergal mawngal e nder fedde wiyeteende Congres National Africaine (ANC) haɗaande. Ko Obasanjo tan yamiraa jokkondirde e Manndelaa ; o wiyi caggal ɗuum wonde omo weltii e makko no feewi. Ndeen Obasanjo hawrii e mawɓe ANC wonɓe e egguɓe to Lusaka. E lewru marse 1986, EPG oo fof yilliima Afrik worgo, e nder yonta mo jiiɓru e fitinaaji nder galleeji ɓeydii mawnude.Ko ɗoon ɓe kawri e mawɓe laamu nguu, ina jeyaa heen gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi ndii hono P. W. Botha, mo Obasanjo siftini caggal ɗuum wonde ko neɗɗo ɓurɗo muñde mo meeɗaa hawrude. Ciimtol EPG ngol hollitii wonde, so tawii ko ɓuri heewde e yimɓe Afrik worgo ina njiɗi nanondiral ngal alaa ko bonnata hakkunde laamu nguu e pelle luulndiiɗe apartaayd, gadano oo yiɗaa miijaade ɗum, tee alaa ko yahri yeeso no feewi ngam joofnude apartaayd. EPG noon hollitii wonde ina haani ɓeydaade tiiɗnaade e nder winndere ndee. Goomu Commonwealth jaɓii ko ciimtol ngol holliti, tawi Angalteer ina luulndii ɗum ; ɗum addani Obasanjo ɓeydaade mettinde Thatcher. Ndeen Commonwealth yamirii mo yo o ardo goomu ngam yuurnitaade ko Dowlaaji Dentuɗi ɗii poti daranaade koye mum en e njiimaandi Afrik worgo. Caggal nde Botha lomtinaa F. W. de Klerk, ooɗoo ɗiɗaɓo yaltini Manndelaa kasoo. Ina jeyaa e ɗanle Mandelaa gadane caggal leydi, to Niiseer, ɗo o yilli Obasanjo to galle mum. Lebbi ɗiɗi caggal ɗuum, Obasanjo ardii delegaasiyoŋ Najeriya to Afrik worgo ngam yeewtidde e yimɓe mawɓe politik. E lewru suwee 1991, o yilliima kadi, o wiyi hooreejo Zulu en, hono Mangosuthu Buthelezi, yo waɗ kaaldigal e pelle goɗɗe ngam wallitde dartinde apartaayd e waɗde woote timmuɗe. Obasanjo kadi golliima e ƴellitaare nokkuuji goɗɗi e nder Afrik. O yilliima Angalteer laabi ɗiɗi e nder hitaande 1988, o wallitii e darnde ngam joofnude wolde hakkunde leyɗeele toon. O yilliima kadi Sudaan laabi tati hakkunde 1987 e 1989, tawi o dañaani heen nafoore, o hirjinii kaaldigal ngam joofnude wolde ɗiɗmere Sudaan. Ndeen o wonii ƴeewoowo e wooteeji gardagol leydi Mosammbik e hitaande 1994. E hitaande 1994 e 1995, o yilliima Burundi, o golliima ngam deeƴnude caɗeele hakkunde leƴƴi Hutu en e Tutsi en. O fuɗɗinooma noddude jokkondiral ɓurngal ɓadaade e nder Afrik, o wiyi ɗum ina waawi heɓtineede e sosde feddeeji jeegom diiwaanuuji. E lewru suwee 1987, o ƴettiino peeje ngam yuɓɓinde Fedde Ardorde Afrik, nde wallitta rokkude karallaagal e heblo wonande politikaaji ummoriiɗi e duunde he kala. Nde fuɗɗii waɗde batuuji, anndiraaɗi « Dialogues de la maison de la ferme » , gila e galle Obasanjo fotde laabi jeegom e nder hitaande. Kadi nde waɗii batuuji winndereeji kala lewru, nde yaltinii jaaynde kala lewru, wiyeteende “Forum Afrique” hakkunde 1991 e 1993. == Haɓde e Abacha: 1992-1995 == Obasanjo hollitii kulhuli mum, sibu, hay so tawii o wiyi ina wallita gartugol demokaraasi, Babangida alaa ko anniyaaki so wonaa woppude laamu konu. Caggal nde wooteeji gardagol leydi ndi ndarnaa e hitaande 1992, Obasanjo e Anthony Enahoro ndarni fedde ngam demokaraasi e laamu moƴƴu e nder leydi Najeriya. Joɗnde adannde fedde ndee hawri ko e 31 neɗɗo politik nder leydi to Ota e lewru mee 1993. Wooteeji mbaɗi caggal ɗuum e lewru suwee 1993, tawi yimɓe seeɗa tawtoraama. Moshood Abiola mo lannda Social Democratic (SDP) heɓi, kono Babangida ndeen woppii njeñtudi woote ɗee, fodaniino woote ɗiɗmere ko ɓooyaani. SDP salii kala woote ɗiɗmere nde tawnoo ɓe mbiyi ko kanndidaa maɓɓe heɓiino woote gadane ɗee. Ndeen Babangida jaɓii woppude laamu ngam suɓaade laamu siwil jooɗiiɗo, ngu Ernest Shonekan ardii, ngu heɓi laamu e lewru ut 1993, ngu ƴetti peeje ngam waɗde wooteeji kesi e lewru feebariyee 1994. Seneraal Sani Abacha siftinii gooto e gorko gooto, mo wondude e do-gooders woɗɓe, eɓɓi ñaamde wumre ndee. Heddiiɓe ɓee mbayliima tan, oo Samariyanke nannduɗo e moƴƴo [...] arti ngam ƴettude pot suukara e juuɗe wumre ndee ngam hoore mum. Kadi, ko ɓuri heewde e men Nijeernaaɓe, ko en ƴeewooɓe, en mbeltiima. E nder kala sababuuji, ŋakkaani tawtoraaɓe e ñaamde ndee. Kadi ɓe ngoppaani batte moraal. == — Obasanjo, e dow kuudetaa Sani Abacha, hitaande 1994 == E oon sahaa, Sani Abacha tiiɗtinii doole mum e konu, e lewru noowammbar 1993, o felliti Shonekan yo woppu laamu, o acci hoore makko ƴettude laamu. Obasanjo noddiino Abacha ko adii kuudetaa oo, ina ñaagii ɗum nde woppataa ngalɗoo laawol. Caggal nde Abacha heɓti laamu, o wiyi Obasanjo yo jokkondir e makko. Ko sakkitii koo waɗii, kono salii wallitde laamu Abacha haa nde anndini ñalngu ngu yaltata e hoore mum. Ndeen Abacha momtii lanndaaji politik gonɗi ɗii e juɓɓule demokaraasiije, o noddi politikaaji ummoriiɗi e nokkuuji ceertuɗi yo naata e Diisnondiral makko Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe ; Obasanjo salii toɗɗaade hay gooto e ndeeɗoo diiso. Obasanjo fuɗɗi jeertinde wonde Naajeeriya ina yahra e wolde hakkunde leyɗeele woɗnde e nder feccere leƴƴi, e lewru mee 1994 kanko e Yar'Adua ɓe ndarni fedde wiyeteende National Unity Promoters, fedde daraniinde haɗde ndeeɗoo feere. E lewru Juko, Abiola anndini hoore mum hooreejo lesdi Naajeeriya, nden o nanngaama ngam janfa. Hay so tawii Obasanjo saliima jaɓde haala Abiola, o wasiyiima Abacha nde woppataa ɗum. Ndeen o ardiima fedde ardiiɓe aadaaji e batu ngu ɓe ndarni ngam fuɗɗoraade kaaldigal hakkunde Abacha e Abiola. Jaɓugo maako wallugo Abiola mettini Yoruba'en ɗuuɗɓe, jawdi Obasanjo haa lesdi Yoruba'en ɗon ƴama.Obasanjo mettini bee ko o yi'i bana jukkungo ngam o wallitaako nafuuda sectari'en Yoruba'en. E lewru marse 1995, Obasanjo ina wonnoo to leydi Danemark ngam tawtoreede batu Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe ngam ɓamtaare renndo to Kopenhag. Nde o woni ton, o nani Yar'Adua nanngaama, malla o heɓan bana non to o warti Naajeeriya. O wiyi noon o wiyi alaa ko o waɗi, o felliti hootde. Waɗi sahaa gooto to Aeroport Lagos, passport makko nanngaa, janngo mum, polis ƴetti mo e galle makko Ota. Polis tuumi Obasanjo ina jokkondiri e kuudetaa mo Abacha waɗi, mo kolonel Lawan Gwadabe yuɓɓini. Obasanjo nawtaama hakkunde nokkuuji deentorɗi ceertuɗi, tawi gonnooɗo hooreejo leydi Amerik hono Carter e hoore mum jokkondirii e Abacha ngam ɗaɓɓude yo Obasanjo woppe. Ndeen Obasanjo artiraama to Ota, o waɗtaa e kasoo fotde lebbi ɗiɗi, e nder ɗuum o haɗaama heɓde jaayɗe, telefoŋ, walla njilluuji. Goɗɗo e tuumaaɗo wonde ina jeyaa e kuudetaa oo, hono Kolonel RSB Bello-Fadile, awokaa konu, ina wondi e caɗeele, e nder ɗuum o siifondiri e bayyinaango wonde o yahiino to Ota ngam humpitaade Obasanjo ko fayti e kuudetaa oo no woniri e peewnugol. Ɗum huutoraama ngam seedeeji ngam ñaawde Obasanjo e suuɗde fenaande, ko ɗum huunde nde sariyaaji leydi Najeriya mbaɗi.Ndeen o nawaama to nokku naamne kisal leydi ndii to Ikoyi. Abacha wiyi yo Obasanjo ñaawe e yeeso ñaawirdu konu, ñaawirdu nduu waɗi ñalnde 19 suwee 1995. E nder ñaawoore ndee, Obasanjo yedditii wonde RSB Bello-Fadile meeɗaa hawrude e makko. RSB Bello-Fadile kadi hollitii wonde o siifondirii e bayyinaango ngo Obasanjo jogori waɗde e dow doole, kono ñaawirdu nduu saliima ndeeɗoo ruttaade. Ñalnde 14 sulyee, ñaawirde ndee ñaawi Obasanjo duuɓi 25 kasoo ; Yar'Adua e woɗɓe sappo e nayo kadi tuumaaɗo wonde e nder fedde nde, ñaawaama warngo.Obasanjo caggal ɗuum noddi ɗum "ñalngu mum ɓurngu mettude". Caggal nde hooreejo leydi Amerik biyeteeɗo Bill Clinton holliti wonde leydi mum ina jogori haɗde petroŋ leydi Naajeeriya so tawii ɗeen warngooji mbaɗii, Abacha wayli ñaawoore maɓɓe, o ustii ñaawoore Obasanjo haa duuɓi 15. == Kasoo: 1995-1998 == Obasanjo waɗi lebbi nay garooji ɗii ko e nokku biyeteeɗo Ikoyi Centre, ɗo o fuɗɗii nanngeede e nder kasoo gooto. Ndeen o nawaama to kasoo mawɗo Lagos, Kirikiri, ɗo o woni e opitaal kasoo ngam rafi hipertension e jabet. Sarɗiiji Kirikiri ina keewi, ina ŋakki, Obasanjo wiyi wonde « yiɗaa ɗum e gaño am ɓurɗo bonde ». Ko ɗoon RSB Bello-Fadile ñaagii Obasanjo yaafuya sabu mum ƴattaade ɗum, Obasanjo yaafni ɗum. Ndeen winndannde nde RSB Bello-Fadile winndi ngam humpitaade ngonka kaa, yaltinaama e kasoo, yaltinaa, wallitii hollirde wonde Obasanjo alaa ko o waɗi. Caggal jonte keewɗe, Obasanjo e woɗɓe tuumaaɓe waɗde fedde ndee, njaltinaama to kasoo Jos to diiwaan hakkundeejo, to diiwaan Plateau ɗo ɓe ngoni lebbi keewɗi. Obasanjo fuɗɗinoo hokkaama tan ko Biibal e Quraana ngam janngude, kono seeɗa-seeɗa o acci binndi ɓurɗi yaajde. Binndol kadi ina rokka mo, ina addana mo jokkondirde e yimɓe e juɓɓule ceertuɗe, haa jooni Stella ina jaɓa yillaade mo lewru kala laawol gootol. Mandelaa e Pape Jean Paul II fof noddii yo o woppe, tawi noon sosiyeteeji Inndo e Almaañ fof ina ndokki mo njeenaaje winndereeje.Forum ardorde Afrik yaltinii defte ɗiɗi ɓataakeeji e binndanɗe binndaaɗe ngam teddinde mo ; Forum oo e hoore mum dogiino ummoraade Accra to Ganaa ngam daɗde e tooñanngeeji laamu Abacha. E fuɗɗoode hitaande 1996, Obasanjo ummiima Jos, fayti e kasoo ɓurɗo woɗɗude to Yola, to diiwaan Adamawa. Ko ɗoon o jaɓaa remde gesa.[194] Obasanjo hollitii wonde e nder kasoo o ɓeydii luggiɗde e goonɗinal makko e Kerecee’en, o ɓadtii Alla,[194] o wonti Kerecee’en jibinaaɗo.[195] Gila ndeen, diine kerecee en ina joginoo darnde ɓurnde mawnude e nder yi’annde makko aduna. To Yola, o waajii 28 waaju yontere kala caggal nde jaagorɗe njilluuji ndartinaa e wakkati seeɗa. O winndi ɗeen waajuuji, o acci ɗi njaltina nde o yalti.[195] Obasanjo kadi etinooma moƴƴinde yoga e sukaaɓe kasoo, rewrude e yahrude yeeso maɓɓe nde o wonti neɗɗo dimo.[196] Obasanjo hulii wonde maa o tooke, haa teeŋti noon e nder haalaaji renndo wonde maayde Yar'adua ko tooke anniya.[197] Abacha sankii ɗoon e ɗoon e lewru suwee 1998, caggal ɗuum komanndaaji konu nguu toɗɗii Seneraal Major Abdulsalaami Abubakar lomto makko. Yontere caggal mum, Abubakar yamiri yo Obasanjo woppe, o neldi laana ndiwoowa ngam artirde mo to Ota.[197] E yiɗde wartirde leydi Naajeeriya e laamu siwil, Abubakar fusi lanndaaji e juɓɓule leydi ndi gonɗe heen ɗee, o anndini peeje ɗe ngaddanta hooreejo leydi siwil toɗɗaade e lewru mee 1999.[198] == Kampaañ ngam suɓaade hooreejo leydi : 1998-1999 == Jooni ko o neɗɗo dimo, Obasanjo yahiino Afrik worgo, Angalteer, e Amerik, ɗo o safraa.[199] Lanndaaji politik kesi ina mbaɗa e nder leydi Najeriya, gooto e ɓurɓe mawnude e majji ko lannda Demokaraasi Leƴƴi (PDP), fedde nde yiɗnoo ko yaajde no feewi, so tawii ko e laamu, nde haɗata kuudetaaji garooji.[199] Terɗe PDP mawɗe ndartinii Obasanjo ngam wonde kanndidaa hooreejo leydi. Ɓe cikkatnoo ko omo waawi yamirde teddungal winnderewal, kadi ko o neɗɗo militeer, omo waawi jogaade leydi ndii e dow kuudetaaji garooji e dille seertuɗe. Ɓe mbi'i kadi Naajeeriya ɗon mari haaje hooreejo lesdi fombina ngam foondugo ardungal maako arandewal haa woyla, nden Obasanjo holli hoore maako bana fombina mo walaa ƴamol dow fombina.[200] Sehilaaɓe e ɓesngu ina mbiya yo o dog, mbiyi o bonnat innde makko moƴƴere walla o wara. Obasanjo hollitii wonde o saliima, kono ñalnde 28 lewru nduu o naati e lannda PDP, yontere caggal ɗuum o hollitii wonde o woni ko e waɗde hoore makko ngam wonde kanndidaa hooreejo lannda ka.[201] E nder kampaañ makko, o teeŋtinii yiɗde makko artirde ko o sikki ko ndonu laamu moƴƴu nde o yalti e laamu e hitaande 1979.[202] E nder dingiral mooftugol kaalis, o dañii N356 miliyoŋ, heen N120 miliyoŋ ko njulaagu Aliko Dangote rokki ɗum. Ko ɓuri heewde e ɗeen dokke ummorii ko e worɓe militeer en e njuɓɓudi njulaagu kesiri.[202] O yilliima leydi ndii, o waɗii konnguɗi e ɗaɓɓude heɗtiiɓe e yimɓe teeŋtuɓe ; ƴamde guwerneeruuji dowlaaji ko huunde maantiniinde e mbaadi makko.[203] Kampaañ makko ina ɓuuɓna kampaañ makko mawɗo, hono Alex Ekwueme, mo yimɓe worgo e konu nguu ngoongɗinaani no feewi.[204] PDP ina heɓa leydi e nder leydi Najeriya, ina hollita wonde ko kañum woni lannda ɓurka waawde e nder wooteeji laamu nokkuuji ɗii e lewru Duujal 1998, e wooteeji diiwaanuuji ɗii e lewru Yarkomaa 1999, e wooteeji Senaa e suudu sarɗiiji e lewru Feebariyee 1999.[205] Ñalnde 14 feebariyee 1999, batu PDP noddaa ngam suɓaade kanndidaa mum to hooreejo leydi. Obasanjo heɓi 1 658 woote, Ekwueme heɓi 521, e kanndidaaji joy keddiiɗi ɗii 260.[206] E ɗaɓɓude neɗɗo worgo ngam wonde cukko hooreejo leydi PDP, Obasanjo suɓii Atiku Abubakar.[207] Woote hooreleydaagu mbaɗi ko ñalnde 27 feebariyee ; Ko Olu Falae mo APP tan woni luutndiiɗo Obasanjo. Fotde feccere e fotɓe suɓaade ɓee mbaɗii noon, won heen ko fenaande hay so tawii alaa ko bonnata. Taƴre laawɗunde ndee rokkii Obasanjo 63% e wooteeji ɗii ; ko kanko woni majjuɗo e nder dowlaaji jeegom ɗii fof e nder leydi makko Yoruba.[208] == Hooreejo leydi (1999-2007) == == Manndaa gadano (1999-2003) == == Siile hooreejo leydi Naajeeriya == Caggal nde o riiwti ɗum, Obasanjo naati e nder galle hooreejo leydi to Aso Rock e lewru mee 1999 caggal nde o hunni hooreejo leydi to Eagle Square to Abuja.[209] Nde o toɗɗii laamu maako kesu, o suɓi ministaajo ɗuuɗɗum diga woylaare lesdi Naajeeriya, koo ngam ko ɓuri ɗuuɗugo nder maɓɓe woni Kirista'en, ɗum mettini woɓɓe juulɓe woylaare lesdi Naajeeriya. Ɓeen ñiŋooɓe ina keewi sifaade wonde kabine Obasanjo ina ɓooyi no feewi, ina ŋakkiraa humpito, haa teeŋti noon so tawii ko e geɗe faggudu.[210] E nder laamu makko gadano, toɓɓe ndimaagu ɗe Naajeeriya’en keɓata ɓeydii; ndimaagu jaayndeeji ina addana hooreejo leydi ndi ñiŋde no feewi.[211] E nder lebbi gadani laamu makko, Obasanjo woppii fotde 200 ofisee militeer, tawi heen 93 fof ina njogii jappeere politik, ɗum noon ko kuudetaa mo ofiseeji keewɗi humpito mbaɗata ina famɗi.[209] O ummini kadi ministeer defansiyoŋ gila Lagos haa Abuja, ngam tabitinki ɗum waddaama les njiimaandi laamu ɓurndi laaɓtude.[209] == Manndaa ɗiɗaɓo (2003-2007) == Obasanjo suɓaama kadi e woote 2003 ɗe njuumtaani, tawi ina waɗi caɗeele leƴƴi e diineeji. Gaño makko mawɗo, gonnooɗo laamɗo konu Seneraal Muhammadu Buhari, ko juulɗo, o heɓi ballal makko ko ɓuri heewde ko e fuɗnaange. Obasanjo heɓi 61,8% e woote ɗe, o fooli Buhari ko ɓuri miliyoŋaaji 11 woote.[212] E lewru noowammbar 2003, Obasanjo ñiŋaama sabu kuulal mum rokkude asilo hooreejo leydi Liberiya, hono Charles Taylor.[213] Ñalnde 12 lewru juko hitaande 2006, o siifondiri nanondiral Greentree e hooreejo leydi Kameruun Paul Biya nanondiral ngal joofniri luural keeri hakkunde duunde Bakassi.[214] Hay so tawii Senaa leydi Najeriya ƴettii kuulal ngam wiyde wonde ittugol konu leydi Najeriya e nder duunde Bakassi ko huunde nde fotaani, Obasanjo rokki yamiroore nde jokkata no haanirta nii.[215] E manndaa makko ɗiɗaɓo, Obasanjo jokki e daranaade yaajnude doole polis leydi ndii, haa arti noon e 325 000 polis e hitaande 2007.[216] Fitinaaji laddeeji jokkuɗi hakkunde juulɓe e kerecee en e nder diiwaan Plateau addani Obasanjo bayyinde toon laamu nguu e lewru mee 2004, o dartini laamu diiwaan oo, o darni laamu konu lebbi jeegom.[217] Ñalnde 22 lewru nduu hitaande 2005, guwerneer diiwaan Abia e oon sahaa, hono Orji Uzor Kalu, rokki EFCC ɗaɓɓaande ngam tuumaade wonde Obasanjo waɗii golle bonɗe.[218] == Ajenda manndaa tataɓo == Obasanjo ina wondi e luural ko fayti e « Agenda mum tataɓo » , woni peeje ngam waylude doosgal leydi ndii mbele omo waawa jogaade manndaa tataɓo, duuɓi nay, e gardagol leydi ndii. Ɗum waɗii ƴamol nder jaayndeeji siyaasaaku nder Naajeeriya, nden boo kuugal ngal jaɓaaka nder Asamblee lesdi.[219][220] Ko ɗum waɗi Obasanjo woppi laamu caggal wooteeji gardagol leydi e lewru abriil 2007.[221] E nder yeewtere hesere nde o waɗdunoo e teleeji Channels, Obasanjo saliima jeyeede e ko wiyetee « Ajenda tataɓo ». O wi'i ɗum Asamblee lesdi Naajeeriya ɗon mari limngal limngal limngal limngal lesdi Naajeeriya. Obasanjo wiyi : "mi meeɗaa fiyde miijo manndaa tataɓo."[222] == Ajenda manndaa tataɓo == Obasanjo ina wondi e luural ko fayti e « Agenda mum tataɓo » , woni peeje ngam waylude doosgal leydi ndii mbele omo waawa jogaade manndaa tataɓo, duuɓi nay, e gardagol leydi ndii. Ɗum waɗii ƴamol nder jaayndeeji siyaasaaku nder Naajeeriya, nden boo kuugal ngal jaɓaaka nder Asamblee lesdi.[219][220] Ko ɗum waɗi Obasanjo woppi laamu caggal wooteeji gardagol leydi e lewru abriil 2007.[221] E nder yeewtere hesere nde o waɗdunoo e teleeji Channels, Obasanjo saliima jeyeede e ko wiyetee « Ajenda tataɓo ». O wi'i ɗum Asamblee lesdi Naajeeriya ɗon mari limngal limngal limngal limngal lesdi Naajeeriya. Obasanjo wiyi : "mi meeɗaa fiyde miijo manndaa tataɓo."[222] Obasanjo ñaawaama e juuɗe mawɓe politik e nder sagata Agenda manndaa tataɓo. Senator Ken Nnamani, hooreejo suudu joonde diidaaɗi lesdi Naajeeriya, wi'i Obasanjo anndini mo dow ajendaaji ɗin ɓaawo o laati hooreejo suudu joonde diidaaɗi lesdi Naajeeriya. O wiyi : "Ɗoon e ɗoon, ngon-mi hooreejo senaa, o haalani mi anniya makko, o haalani mi no o yiɗiri heɓde ɗum. Miin e fuɗɗoode mi ƴettataa mo no feewi haa kewuuji ɗii puɗɗii feeñde." O hollitii kadi wonde Miliyaaruuji jeetati (8) Naira njaltinaama ngam wallitde depiteeji ɗii ngam wallitde ajendaaji ɗii, o naamndii : « hol no neɗɗo waawirta haalde nii tawa o anndaa ɗum, tee kaalis, e kaalis leydi ndii e kaalis leydi ndii fof, ina wayla juuɗe ». Femi Gbajabiamila tabbitini haala Nnamani ammaa o waɗi limngal man feere-feere, o wi'i: "Kaalis man hawti bee miliyaaruuji N10. Hol no N10bn wurtinirtee nder ceede lesdi ngam eɓɓoore nde a woni hooreejo jooɗiiɗo, ammaa nden eɓɓoore laataaki miijo ma? Toy ceede man iwdi?" E nder haalaaji garooji ɗii, Nnamani wiyi wonde hooreejo leydi Amerik hono George W. Bush jeertinii Obasanjo nde woppataa peeje mum ngam tawtoreede woote gardagol leydi e manndaa tataɓo. O wiyi : "so aɗa yiɗi hoolkisaade wonde gorko oo ina haala fenaande tan, ƴettu deftere nde Condoleezza Rice, gonnooɗo jaagorgal leydi Amerik winndi. Ko goonga ko deftere nde Rice winndi. E hello 628 walla hello 638, o yeewtidii e Obasanjo, no o yiɗiri hawrude e hooreejo leydi Ameriknaajo oo, no o yiyri hooreejo leydi Ameriknaajo oo ina waawi waylude doosgal leydi ndii mbele omo waawa yahde e manndaa tataɓo, Bush wiyi mo yo o woppu ɗum, o yalta haa ñalnde 29 mee 2007."[223] == Politik faggudu, renndo e caggal leydi == == Politik faggudu == == Obasanjo e wondude e laamɗo leydi Iran e hitaande 1999 == E ngalu petrol, Obasanjo sosi Komitiiru Ƴellitaare Delta Niger, o huutorii Porogaraam Jaŋde leslesre winndereyankoore ngam ɓeydude jaŋde leslesre Naajeeriya. O sosi Komiseer keeriiɗo toppitiiɗo golle bonɗe e Komiseer toppitiiɗo bonanndeeji faggudu e kaalis. Wuurtinii Sosiyetee ngenndiijo njulaagu to Kaduna e (Onne) Port Harcourt. Obasanjo ɓeydi geɗal njoɓdi petroŋ e renndo to dowla iwdi mum gila e 3 haa 13 e nder teemedere.[224] Ko adii laamu Obasanjo, ɓeydagol PIB leydi Nijeer ina muusi no feewi gila 1987, tee ina jokki tan e 3% hakkunde 1999 e 2000. Kono, e laamu Obasanjo, ɓeydagol ngol ɓeydiima fotde laabi ɗiɗi haa 6% haa o woppi laamu, tawi noon ina walliti ɗum e feccere e ɓeydagol coggu petroŋ. Resooji leydi Naajeeriya ko ɓuri miliyaaruuji ɗiɗi dolaar e hitaande 1999 haa miliyaaruuji 43 dolaar nde ɓe njalti laamu e hitaande 2007.[225] O dañii yaafuya ñamaale e fedde Pari e Londres fotde 18 miliyaar dolaar, o yoɓi kadi 18 miliyaar dolaar goɗɗo ngam woppude ñamaale. Ko vuri heewde e ziin njovdiiji mooftaama e njovdi njulaagu juutndi e nder yontere nde. (Toɓɓere feewnitagol). Ko ɓuri heewde e ɗeen ñamaale mooftaama wonaa e fenaande kono ko e yontaaji 1982–85 nde Naajeeriya huutorii laamu toppitiingu mbayliigu nguu, ngu rokki denndaangal njulaagu nguu e banke mawɗo leydi Nijeer. Nde Obasanjo heɓi laamu, faggudu leydi Najeriya wonnoo ko e caɗeele. Inflation ina yahra e 30% e hitaande e nder kitaale 1990 fof, e hitaande 2001 fotde 20% e mawɓe leydi Najeriya ina ngala golle.[226] Baasal ina yaaji, laamu Obasanjo ina yiɗi ustude ɗum e yoɓde N3,500 lewru kala fotde 200,000 neɗɗo ngam waɗde golle gaadoraaɗe ko wayi no ɓuuɓnude e moƴƴinde laabi.[226] Ndeen eɓɓoore lomtinaama e Porogaraam ngenndiijo ngam haɓaade baasal, jowitiingal e ƴellitde golle sukaaɓe, e njuɓɓudi teeru, e reende.[226] E hitaande 2000, laamu Obasanjo ɓeydi njoɓdi ɓurndi famɗude ndi sariya yamiri ndii laabi ɗiɗi.[227] O noddi Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe (FMI) ngam ƴeewtaade faggudu leydi Najeriya e rokkude wasiyaaji no moƴƴiri ɗum;[228] ɓe njeertinii wonde laamu nguu ina heewi ñamlude.[227] E hitaande 2001, Obasanjo hollitii hoore mum "ko o goongɗinɗo njuɓɓudi luumo", o hollitii wonde o yiyii bonneede ko "njuɓɓudi bonndi e nder sekteer laamu" addani mo.[229] Kono, nde o holliti darnde makko e nanondiral Washington ngam luumooji rimɗi, e privatisation, e ŋakkeende ngalu laamu, ngalu laamu nguu e feccere PIB ɓeydiima gila e 29% e hitaande 1997 haa 50% e hitaande 2001.[229] E lewru Yarkomaa hitaande 2000, Naajeeriya heɓi nyamande miliyaaruuji 1 dolaar Amerik, ko ɗum addani laamu nguu naatde e kaaldigal ngam waylude ñamaale mum e ñamaale mum.[228] Laamu Obasanjo naftoriima coggu petroŋ toowngu e nder winndere ndee e manndaa mum gadano. Nde anniyii kadi ɓeydude petroŋ leydi Naajeeriya e ɓeydude keewal gaasuuji ɓuuɓɗi, ɗi puɗɗii yaltineede e leydi ndii e hitaande 1999.[230] Obasanjo fellitii momtude ballal petroŋ, ɓeyda coggu nguu haa yettoo tolno njulaagu. Kongres gollooɓe leydi Naajeeriya noddi seppo mawngo ngam seppude ngam salaade lewru Juko hitaande 2000 e Obasanjo sakkitii, o ustii ballal ngal, wonaa ittude ngal. Ngolɗoo ngonka addani Obasanjo hollirde wonde ko "gaño miskineeɓe" e miijo renndo.[231] Ngam ɓeydude ustude njoɓdi, Obasanjo wayliima e privatisation, o sosi Diiso ngenndiijo ko faati e privatisation e lewru sulyee 1999. Nde o heɓi laamu, laamu fedde nde ina joginoo 588 sosiyetee laamu, tawi ko ina tolnoo e 55% e ñamaale caggal leydi, Obasanjo ina yaakorii wonde ko heewi e ɗeen, hay so tawii noon ɗe mbaawaa wonde in2. Privatization yiɗaama e yimɓe leydi Najeriya, ko 35% tan ɓe keɓi ballal e wiyde wiɗto miijo hitaande 2000.[233] Obasanjo kadi ina yiɗi kaaldigal ngam ustude ñamaale.[234] O hollitii wonde ñamaale leydi Naajeeriya ina keewi no feewi, ina mbonna faggudu mum e demokaraasi mum. Hay so tawii Kanadaa, Itali e Amerik ndartinii ñamaale leydi Nijeer, ɗeen ñamaale ina pamɗi, ñamaale mawɗe leydi ndii, ɓurɗe mawnude heen ko Angalteer, njaɓaani.[235] Obasanjo ɗon tuuma caɗeele faggudu lesdi Naajeeriya ɗuuɗɗe dow fenaande;[236] nder hitaande 2000, fedde Transparency International limti ɗum lesdi ɓurdundi fenaande nder duniyaaru.[229] Balɗe seeɗa caggal nde o heɓi laamu o hollitii kuulal ngam haɓaade fenaande to Asaambele ngenndi, hay so tawii noon ɗum jibinii luulndaare mawnde e juuɗe ñaawooɓe cikkatnooɓe ko ɗum rokki laamu nguu doole ɓurɗe heewde. Nanondiral waɗii ngam ustude eɓɓooje Obasanjo, addani mo siynude sariya keso oo e lewru suwee 2000.[236] Alaa ko holliti wonde njulaagu ustiima e nder leydi Najeriya e nder manndaa Obasanjo gadano, laamu makko waɗaani hay huunde ngam ƴeewtaade njulaagu nguu e nder leydi Najeriya, ngu yaaji e nder laamuuji diiwaan e laamuuji nokkuuji.[229] Obasanjo ina wondi e hooreejo leydi Riisi Valadimir Putin to Kremlin e hitaande 2001 Cellal renndo kadi ko huunde tiiɗnde e nder leydi Nijeer. E nder kitaale 1990, Naajeeriya ina yoɓnoo fotde 0,2% e PIB mum ngam wallitde cellal renndo, ko ɗum woni ko ɓuri famɗude e winndere ndee. Laamu Obasanjo ɓeydi ɗum haa ko ɓuri 0,4%.[237] Caɗeele cellal ɓurɗe yaawde toɗɗaade leydi Najeriya ko ñawu VIH/SIDA, Obasanjo yamiri ɗoon e ɗoon ciimtol ngonka e dow toɓɓere ndee caggal nde o heɓi laamu.[237] Ndeen o sosi Goomu Hooreejo leydi ngam haɓaade SIDA, ngu o ardii, o sosi Goomu Pewnugol Golle Ngenndiije ngam yuɓɓinde kampaañ 2000–03, jowitiingo e bayyinaango, heblo, wasiyaaji, e jarribooji ngam haɓaade mboros o. Ngam yahduki yeeso ngam njamu jama'aare, o fuɗɗi kampaniire kesum ngam hurgugo ceede laamu lesdi Naajeeriya ngam etaade nyiɓugo suudu nyawndiigu nder kala nokkure 774 laamu lesdi Naajeeriya == Politik caggal leydi == Obasanjo e Donald Rumsfeld to Pentagon e hitaande 2001 Ina jeyaa e golle Obasanjo mawɗe, ɗe o heɓi heen, moƴƴitinde innde leydi Nijeer e nder winndere ndee, nde o bonni e laamu Abacha. O waɗii ko ina ɓura feccere e manndaa makko gadano caggal leydi, o yilliima leyɗeele 92 haa e lewru oktoobar 2002. E lewru oktoobar 1999, Obasanjo sosi Goomu (Commission Bi-National) hakkunde Afrik worgo e Niiseer ngam yeewtidde e gollondiral hakkunde leyɗeele ɗiɗi ɗee, ɓurɗe mawnude e Afrik worgo Saharaa. Obasanjo jokki jokkindiral Naajeeriya bee U.S., o waddi walliinde U.S. ngam wallugo janngirde sooje'en Naajeeriya. O jokkondirii no feewi e hooreejo leydi Amerik biyeteeɗo Bill Clinton, o jokkondiri kadi e lomto Clinton, hono George W. Bush ; Bush yilliima Abuja e hitaande 2003, Obasanjo yilliima Wasinton e hitaande 2006.[240] E jokkude jokkondiral ɓurngal welde e U.K. ko ɓuri ko o joginoo e kitaale 1970, o tawtoraama batu makko gadano Commonwealth e lewru Noowammbar 1999, o jaɓɓi ɗum e lewru Duujal 2003, ɗo o heɓi njeenaari teddungal e juuɗe laamɗo debbo Biritaan biyeteeɗo Elizabeth II.[240] Nde Obasanjo heɓi laamu, o huninooma ittude konu leydi Najeriya e leydi Siyeraa Leyoon. E lewru ut 1999, o hollitii limre ngam ɓe ngurtina, hay so tawii noon ɗum dartinaama nde konu jam ONU moofti, ngu Nijeer rokki ɗum 4000 soldaat. Ndee doole yalti ko e hitaande 2005.[241] E nder jiiɓru to leydi Liberia, Obasanjo yamiri konu leydi Nijeer yo naata leydi ndii e lewru ut 2003 ; ɓe njalti e komanndaaji ONU lebbi ɗiɗi caggal ɗuum.[240] Obasanjo hokki Charles Taylor, hooreejo lesdi Liberiya, mo laamu mum woppi, o hokka mo haa lesdi Naajeeriya, koo ngam ɓaawo man o warti mo haa lesdi Liberiya ngam o ɗon ƴama mo ngam warhoore konu dow ƴamol hooreejo lesdi Liberiya keso, Ellen Johnson Sirleaf.[242] E yiɗde haɗude Naajeeriya yaltude e hareeji nder leydi ɗi yimɓe njiɗaa, o salii ɗaɓɓaande konu Naajeeriya ngam tawtoreede naatgol ECOMOG e nder wolde hakkunde leyɗeele Gine-Bisaawo e golle jam 2002 to Kodduwaar. E ɗaɓɓaande Angalteer, o walli e nanondiral hakkunde laamu Zimbaabwee mo Robert Mugabe, ngam hirjinde laamu nguu e ƴettude gese ɗe ɓaleeɓe jeyi e dow fenaande. O wondi e hooreejo leydi Afrik worgo hono Thabo Mbeki e gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi Ostarali John Howard, o jeyaa ko e fedde nde Commonwealth halfinaa ngam haɓaade Zimbaabwee.[243] Obasanjo e Mbeki njilliima Zimbaabwee laabi tati ngam golloraade dipolomasi deeƴɗo, kono ɓe keɓaani heen nafoore, ɓe mbiya Mugabe yo woppu laamu walla sosde laamu renndinde laamu e luulndiiɓe Mouvement pour le changement démocratique.[239] == Haɓde e jiiɓru leƴƴi e diineeji == Bush ina yeewtida e Obasanjo e nder batu G8 to Farayse, lewru suwee 2003 Caggal nde Obasanjo suɓaa, nokku ɗo sariyaaji lislaam ngoni ɗoo, wonti jeewte mawɗe e nder politik leydi Najeriya. Gila leydi ndii heɓi jeytaare mum, sharia ina jokki e ñaawde siwil hakkunde juulɓe wonɓe e dowlaaji worgo ɗii ; ñaawooɓe bonanndeeji ɗii laawɗinaaka e sariyaaji sharia, huunde nde mettini won e juulɓe.[244] E lewru suwee 1999, guwerneer diiwaan Zamfara, hono Ahmed Sani, hollitii naatgol timmungol shari’a e nder oon diiwaan, hay so tawii noon o hollitii wonde ɗum jogori huutoreede tan ko e hoɗɓe e juulɓe, wonaa e yimɓe ɓe ngonaa lislaam en. Ɗuum waɗi kulhuli nder yimɓe Kirista'en pamari nder woyla lesdi Naajeeriya, bee seppooji e seppooji feere-feere ɗon ngadda fitinaaji, haa fahin haa Kaduna.[244] Across Nigeria, Christian opinion was very hostile to the introduction of sharia as the basis of state penal systems.[245] Suudu Asaambele ngenndi ndii fof ina ɗaɓɓi e Obasanjo nde nawtata haala kaa to Ñaawirde Toownde.[245] O yiɗiino woppude ɗum, o yiɗaa darnde shari’a wonta huunde doosgal.[246] E nder renndo o yiɗiino seerndude ko o inniri "sharia goonga" e "sharia politik", o yetti arano oo, o wiyi wonde ɗiɗaɓo oo ko fad mo fizzle out.[245] Nde o salii naatde heen, Obasanjo heɓi ñiŋooje sabu ŋakkeende cuusal e juuɗe yimɓe heewɓe to bannge worgo, juulɓe tiiɗɓe to bannge worgo ina ƴattoo mo.[246] E nder ɗaɓɓaande yimɓe heewɓe ummoraade e renndooji juulɓe, dowlaaji nay goɗɗi to bannge worgo ƴettii sariya kuuɓtodinɗo sharia e hitaande 2000 e jeeɗiɗi goɗɗi e hitaande 2001. Obasanjo caggal ɗuum hollitii wonde haala kaa ko caɗeele ɓurɗe mawnude ɗe o meeɗi dañde e wonde hooreejo leydi.[246] Nde Obasanjo heɓi laamu, o hulɓinii no feewi nde tawnoo leydi Najeriya ina wondi e caɗeele e fitinaaji keewɗi, tawi ko ujunnaaje ujunnaaje maayɓe. Ndee ɗoo bonannde ina ɓeydoo saɗtude sabu ɓeydagol yimɓe ina ɓeydoo yaawde, ɗum addani ɗum ɓeydagol nguleeki weeyo e pottital ngam heɓde leydi ŋakkundi e nder gure teeru.[216] Ngam haɓaade ɗum, Obasanjo ɓeydii polis leydi ndii fotde laabi ɗiɗi, gila e 120 000 haa 240 000 hakkunde 1999 e 2003.[216] Ko seeɗa waɗaa ngam haɓaade bonanndeeji polis, tawi noon torlaaji tuumaaɗo ina keddii e yaajde e laamu Obasanjo.[211] Kadi ko ɓeydi fitinaaji ɗii ko jokkere enɗam hakkunde leƴƴi, e pelle leƴƴi e diiwanuuji ceertuɗi ina ɗaɓɓi ndimaagu ɓurngu mawnude, ɗum addani yeewtooɓe heewɓe teskaade ƴaañgol leydi Naajeeriya. Wonande Obasanjo, jogaade leydi ngootiri wonti huunde mawnde.[247] Ko e sahaaji cuɓaaɗi tan o ruttotoo e konu ngam ustude jiiɓru, o ɓuri yiɗde ko waasde mooftude konu so wonaa tawa guwerneeruuji dowlaaji ɗii ina ɗaɓɓi ɗum.[248] E nder konngol makko, "en poti huutoraade doole konu tan so tawii ko heddii koo fof ronkii. Ko cfuum woni miijo am e filosof am."[249] O yi'i nafoore mawnde e yaafuya, e yaafuya, e nanondiral ngam he6de nanondiral, wonaa e 6amtaare ñaawoore warngooji bacfcfi.[250] E laamu Obasanjo, darnde fitinaaji e jiiɓru nder leydi Naajeeriya ustii.[249] == Olusẹgun Obasanjo e hooreejo leydi Beresiil Lula da Silva 2005 == Ko ɓuri heewde e miijooji ceertuɗi ko e diiwaan Delta Niiseer, ɗo pelle koɗdiiɗe ɗee njiɗnoo jogaade ko ɓuri heewde e ngalu keɓaaɗo e nokkuuji petroŋ keewɗi ngalu. E lewru sulyee 1999, Obasanjo neldi Asaambele ngenndi kuulal ngam sosde Komiseer ƴellitaare Delta Niiseer ngam siynude e huutoraade peeje ngam haɓaade diiwaan oo, huunde nde o sikki ina waawi ustude fitinaaji toon. E nder jeewte keewɗe, komisiyoŋ oo fuɗɗii ko e lewru Duujal 2000.[251] E lewru noowammbar 1999, o neldi kadi bataliyoŋaaji ɗiɗi konu e nder diiwaan Delta Niiseer ngam nanngude sukaaɓe Asawana, fedde Ijaw en nannguɓe e warde poliseeɓe to Odi, to diiwaan Bayelsa. Militeer en mbonni ko ɓuri heewde e wuro ngoo ; laamu ngu wi'i 43 mbaraama, ammaa ONG nokkuure nde'e waɗi limngal maayɓe siwil'en 2,483.[252] Obasanjo siftinii halkaare ndee wonde « ina waawi rewde » e « ina metti » , o yilliima Odi e lewru marse 2001 ; o salii ñaawde konu nguu, o ñaagii yaafuya ngam halkaare nde, o yoɓi njoɓdi walla o mahdi wuro ngoo, hay so tawii noon Komiseer ƴellitaare Delta Niiseer waɗii ɗum.[249] E hitaande 2000, Obasanjo haɗi fedde Oodua Peoples Congress (OPC), fedde ngenndiyankoore Yoruba en, nde wonnoo ko e fitinaaji e leƴƴi goɗɗi, o yamiri yo ardiiɓe mayre nannge.[253] E lewru suwee 2001, fitinaaji hakkunde Kerecee’en ɓiɓɓe leydi ndii e njulaagu juulɓe to bannge worgo e nder diiwaan Plateau, waɗii fotde 500 maayɗo hade konu nguu naatde heen, heɓtude laamu. Ndeen Obasanjo yilliima, wiyi yo ɓe nanondiral. E lewru Oktoobar 2001, seppooɓe juulɓe to Kano mbari fotde 200 Igbo ngam jaabaade ballal Nijeer e bommbooji Amerik mbaɗi e Afganistaan. Ndeen Obasanjo yilliima ngam ɗaɓɓude nanondiral kono hoɗɓe ɓee boomi ɗum.[246] E lewru oktoobar kadi, soldateeɓe neldaama ngam deeƴnude jiiɓru hakkunde renndooji Jukun e Tiv en e keeri hakkunde diiwanuuji Benue e Taraba ; ndeen militeer en Tiv nanngi ɓe mbari ɓe to Zaki-Biam. Obasanjo yamiri konu nguu yo naata, ɓe ndartini, ɓe mbari fotde 250 haa 300 gorko nokku oo. Obasanjo yilliima nokku oo e hitaande 2002, o ñaagii yaafuya sabu huutoraade doole no feewi.[249] n lewru Yarkomaa 2002, Obasanjo yamiri polis mobbooji ɗii yo ndartin Bakassi Boys, fedde vigilante gollotoonde ko ɓuri heewde e nder diiwanuuji Abia e Anambra, nde waɗi ko ina tolnoo e ujunnaaje ɗiɗi warngooji. O sikkiino waɗde ɗum ko adii ɗuum sabu ballal yimɓe ɓe fedde nde heɓi e haɓde e fedde bonnde, kono o nanii o waawii yahrude yeeso e maɓɓe caggal nde yimɓe maɓɓe ustii.[254] E oon lewru kadi, nokku ɗo balɗe 100 000 ngoni ɗoo, to kaɓirɗe Ijeka, saraaji Lagos, yani, ina waawi addande ɗum en fotde ujunnaaje ujunnaaje neɗɗo maayɗo. Obasanjo yilliima ɗoon e ɗoon.[249] Fitinaaji bonɗi kadi ina njokki e nder wuro Lagos, e lewru feebariyee 2002, konu neldaa e nder wuro ngo ngam artirde deeƴre. E lewru abriil 2002, Obasanjo hollitii sariya baawɗo haɗude leƴƴi so tawii ina cikka ina mbaawi wallitde fitinaaji, kono njuɓɓudi laamu leydi ndii salii ɗum, sibu ko ɗum huunde ɓurnde toowde e laamu hooreejo leydi.[253] Won e ardiiɓe laamu hono hooreejo suudu sarɗiiji e hooreejo suudu sarɗiiji ina ngondi e caɗeele e hooreejo leydi ndii, o haɓaama e jarribooji keewɗi ngam ustude laamu e nder suuduuji ɗiɗi ɗii kala.[255] Obasanjo dañii daɗde e laamu, o toɗɗaa. == Caggal hooreejo leydi (2007–hannde) == == Politik == == Obasanjo e Robeer Mugaabe e hitaande 2013 == O wonti hooreejo fedde PDP, omo joginoo doole e nominaasiyoŋaaji ngam heɓde jappeere laamu haa e politik e peeje. No gooto e dipolomaat en Hirnaange wiyri nii, "O anniyaaki jooɗaade e jooɗorde passenger rokka wasiyaaji e hesɗitinde nanngude taayaare so tawii Naajeeriya yaltii e laawol."[256] O woppi golle hooreejo fedde PDP e lewru abriil 2012.[257] Caggal ɗuum, o yalti e golle politik e PDP. E lewru marse 2008, Obasanjo "ina sikkaa" ko goomu parlemaa Nijeer ñaawii ɗum sabu rokkude ɗum kaayitaaji semmbe fotde miliyaaruuji 2,2 dolaar e nder laamu mum duuɓi jeetati, tawi alaa ko o waɗi so wonaa laawol. Ciimtol ngol ɗoo wiɗto meeɗaa jaɓeede e nder parlemaa leydi Najeriya fof sabu manipulaasiyoŋ e golle ɗee fof e ardorde goomu wiɗto laamu nguu. Wonaa e winndannde laawɗunde wootere, mawɗo Obasanjo ñaawaama.[258] E lewru mee 2014, Obasanjo winndi hooreejo leydi Goodluck Jonathan ngam ɗaɓɓude yo o waɗtu hakkille e innde laamu leydi Najeriya ngam yoɓde sukaaɓe rewɓe Chibok ɓe fedde Boko Haram joginoo.[259] Ñalnde 16 feebariyee 2015, o woppi lannda laamu nguu, o yamiri hooreejo diiwaan PDP yo ƴettu kaayitaaji makko e nder yeewtere jaaynde.[260] O anndiraa caggal mum ko navigateur lannda luulndo keso sosaa, hono APC.[261] Ñalnde 24 lewru Yarkomaa hitaande 2018, o winndi hooreejo leydi ndi, hono Muhammadu Buhari, o hollitii nokkuuji ɗi o ŋakkiraa, o wasiyii mo nde o woppataa laamu e hitaande 2019.[262] Haa hannde denndaangal ɓataakeeji makko feewde e hooreeɓe leydi ndii ina adii njillu maɓɓe.[263] Ñalnde 31 lewru Yarkoma hitaande 2018, o fuɗɗi diɗɗal siyaasaaku bi'eteengal "Kawtal ngam Diɗɗal Naajeeriya" (CNM) haa Abuja.[264] Ñalnde 10 lewru mbooy hitaande 2018, dillere ndee ƴetti lannda politik, hono Kongres Demokaratik Afrik (ADC).[265] Ñalnde 20 noowammbar 2018, Obasanjo hollitii e dow laabi gartugol mum[266] e lannda luulndo mawngo, hono lannda Demokaraasi Leƴƴi (PDP) e nder udditgol deftere wiyeteende My Transition Hours, nde gonnooɗo hooreejo leydi ndii, hono Goodluck Jonathan winndi. Ñalnde 22 lewru bowte hitaande 2022, Obasanjo hollitii wonde o woppii politik partiiji, caggal nde o jaɓɓi depiteeji ngenndiiji lannda Demokaraasi Leƴƴi [PDP] to hoɗorde makko to Ota, to diiwaan Ogun, to leydi Nijeer[267] == Dipolomasi == Obasanjo toɗɗaa ko nulaaɗo keeriiɗo to leydi Konngo, to leydi Konngo, ndi wolde yani e mum. O waɗi batuuji ceertuɗi e gardiiɗo leydi RDC Joseph Kabila e gardiiɗo luulndiiɓe laamu nguu hono Laurent Nkunda. E nder wooteeji Zimbaabwee e lewru sulyee 2013, Obasanjo ardii delegaasiyoŋ ƴeewooɓe wooteeji Dental Afrik.[268] E hitaande 2022, Obasanjo waɗii hakkunde kaaldigal jam hakkunde laamu Ecoppi e fedde wiyeteende Tigre e les njiimaandi Dental Afrik, haa arti noon e dartagol wolde Tigre ñalnde 2 noowammbar 2022.[269] E hitaande 2025, Obasanjo toɗɗaama yo won hakkundeejo e nder renndo Afrik fuɗnaange e renndo ƴellitaare Afrik worgo e nder leydi Konngo e nder kampaañ M23 (2022–hannde).[270] == Jaŋde ɓeydaande == E lewru desaambar 2017, Obasanjo ƴetti doktoraa mum. tesis e nder diine to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde leydi Najeriya. == Miijo politik == To bannge miijooji, Obasanjo ko ngenndiyanke Najeriya.[27] O ɗon mari haaje yidde lesdi Naajeeriya e nuɗɗinki dow Naajeeriya foti jogaago lesdi-leydi woore, naa ngam senndindirki dow laabi lenyol.[275] E hitaande 2001, o hollitii wonde faandaare makko juutnde ko "moƴƴinde kala sifaa ɓiyleydaagu so wonaa ɓiyleydaagu leydi Nijeer". O wi'i ɓustugo lesdi Naajeeriya dow laabi le'i, ɗum waddan laɓɓinki le'i e fitinaaji ɗi yi'aama wakkati hareeji Yugoslawi nder kitaale 1990.[275] Iliffe wi'i Obasanjo'en lesdi Naajeeriya ɗon mari bawɗe ngam o wurti diga yimɓe mawɓe Yoruba'en e wakkati maako nder konu, haa o huwi bee sooje'en diga lenyol feere-feere.[27] Demokaraasi ina waawi waasde jogaade ƴellitaare faggudu yaawnde walla ngalu kono ko ɗum, ko famɗi fof, mbaadi laamu ɓurndi moƴƴude haa jooni, ndi addanta ko ɓuri heewde e yimɓe tawtoreede no haanirta nii e nder peeje e geɗe jowitiiɗe e laamu mum en. Demokaraasi ko cuɓal ngal laamɓe ɓuri yiɗde... E nder ngonka leydi Naajeeriya, demokaraasi ko kañum tan woni koolaaɗo kuuɓal baawɗo hawrude e pelle leslese ceertuɗe e nder leñol jogiingol daɗndo ngootaagu, potal e darnde wootere e nder dumunna. == — Olusegun Obasanjo ko faati e demokaraasi, hitaande 1990[276] == Iliffe hollitii wonde teeŋtinde politik nanondiral ko "kuulal gonngal dow ngal" e nder nguurndam Obasanjo fof.[68] Nde o woni e laamu e kitaale 1970, Obasanjo hollitii ñiŋooje makko e "luulndaare juɓɓule" e laamu nguu.[109] E miijo makko, ɗum "ina luurdi no feewi e ko ɓuri heewde e pinal e golle politik Afrik."[161] E nder nokkuuji ɗo o luulndii laamu nguu, o miijii wonde lanndaaji luulndiiɗi ɗii ina poti waɗde heen geɗe moƴƴe,[161] e wonde politikaaji ɗii ina poti jokkude njiylawu nanondiral, wonaa waɗde luural ko juuti. O sikki wonde pottital politik ina jogii batte cemmbinɗe, ɗe nganndu-ɗaa ina teskaa e leydi ƴellitoori hono Nijeer, kadi deeƴre ina foti reeneede.[109] Obasanjo ɗon wolwa haa batu hitaande 2014, kawtal Banki Afriknaajo ngam ɓamtaare lesdi Kigali Nde o mettini e ko o yi’i ko ina wona ŋakkeende laamu demokaraasi wakilaagu e nder fuɗɗoode kitaale 1980, Obasanjo fuɗɗii hollirde ballal mum e dowla gooto e nder leydi Najeriya. O wiyi noon wonde ooɗoo dowla gooto ina foti wallitde yimɓe fof e nder laamu, teddinde jojjanɗe aadee, e reende ndimaagu haalde.[161] Caggal mum e kitaale 1980, o jeertinii eɓɓaande dowla lanndaaji ɗiɗi ɗi Babangida ƴettunoo, o miijii wonde so Babangida ina miijo lannda hakkunde-nano e hakkunde-nyaamo ina kaɓa hakkunde mum en, alaa e sago ɗum ƴellitoo haa wonta lannda gooto lomtotooɗo Kerecee’en fuɗnaange, lannda goɗɗo oo lomtotooɗo juulɓe fuɗnaange][16]. O wi'i haa nokkuure nden o wi'i walaa keerol dow limngal lanndaaji siyaasaaku ɗi mbaawata sosde, koo ngam o wi'i to ɗum waawataa waɗugo nden Naajeeriya laatoto lesdi lannda woore.[161] E nder njiimaandi Dental Sowiyet e fuɗɗoode kitaale 1990 e yah-ngartaa caggal ɗuum feewde e politik lanndaaji keewɗi e nder Afrik, Obasanjo kadi wonti balloowo lanndaaji keewɗi == Jaɓɓungal e ndonu == Statue Olusegun Obasanjo to Owerri, diiwaan Imo, leydi Najeriya. John Iliffe siftinii Obasanjo wonde "tergal ɓurngal teeŋtude e yonta ɗiɗaɓo ardiiɓe Afrik jeyaaɓe e leydi ndii, ɓe ndarni koye mum en ngam semmbinde dowlaaji mum en caggal koloñaal".[275] O sikki ko geɗe nay mawɗe ɗe Obasanjo waɗi e laamu mum : o jokki e jogaade heen geɗel gootel e nder leydi ndii, o jokki e jogaade doole e nder leydi ndii, o wallitorii sosde Dental Afrik, o ustii ñamaale leydi ndii caggal leydi.[248] E lewru desaambar 1999, tolno jaɓgol makko ina tolnoo e 84% ; e hitaande 2001 ko 72% ; e lewru suwee 2003 nde ustii haa 39%.[234] Obasanjo ina tuumanoo laabi keewɗi fenaande e nder nguurndam mum fof, hay so tawii noon kanko e hoore makko o wiyi wonde golle makko ko goonga.[229] Ɓeen ñiŋooɓe Obasanjo ina cikki wonde caggal nde o nanngaa e kasoo e kitaale 1990, o ɓeydii faamde wonde ko o neɗɗo masiŋ, o woppii neɗɗaagu makko, o ɓeydii kadi tiiɗnaade e goongɗinde wonde ko ɗum woni darnde makko nde Alla yamiri ngam laamaade leydi Najeriya.[299] Ɓeen ñiŋooɓe Obasanjo ina cikki wonde o bonnii laamu, haa teeŋti noon e manndaa makko ɗiɗaɓo, o wonti ko miijo jogaade laamu haa abada.[282] E nder manndaa makko gadano e nder laamu, o dañii heen gaññeeje e banndiraaɓe makko Yoruba en, ɓe cikkatnoo ko o fotnoo waɗde ko ɓuri ɗum ngam ɓamtude nafooje leñol makko e nder laamu.[300] Caggal nde o nanngaa, Obasanjo wiyi wonde ñiŋooje ina kuutoree tan ngam tabitinde « goonga e haala am » e hollirde ñiŋooje makko « bonɗe e nder aduna dogɗo e bonɗo ».[299] == Defte ɗe obasanjo winndi == Watch am Volume 1: Nguurndam arano e konu Watch am Volume 2: Geɗe politik e renndo Watch am Volume 3: Jooni e ndeen == Yamiroore am == == Nzeogwu == Daaba Wiyeteeɗo Neɗɗo Fajiri Keso Thabo Mbeki mo anndi Afrik E Gite Patriot Waɗde Afrik ina golla: Deftere janngirnde Waɗde nanondiral e jokkondiral Amerik e Afrik: yeewtere joyaɓere nde David M. Abshire rokki, ñalnde 15 lewru Duujal hitaande 1987 == Afrik e nder Yiyngo == Ɓataakeeji ngam waylude aduna: Gila e Pankhurst haa e Orwell Wonaa Yiɗde am Golle Demokaraasi : Rewindaade politik ngam nafoore Afrik == Watch am == Caɗeele Ardorde e nder Afrik Gaañanɗe wolde : Coodguuli ƴellitaare e nder Sudaan worgo Ardiiɓe ngam duwaawu moƴƴo Caɗeele peewnugol ndema e kisal nguura e nder Afrik Haɓde e caɗeele sukaaɓe Afrik e ŋakkeende nguura : darnde ndema Afrik e nder sosde golle Dust Suspended: Ciimtol nguurndam koloñaal, caggal leydi e nguurndam dipolomaasi 1953 haa 1986 Afrik e lewru marse: deftere ngam faggudu leydi ndii Suɓngooji Afrik teeŋtuɗi : Noddaango ngam ƴellitde laawol Pan-Afrik == Njeenaaje e teddungal == 1981–87, tergal, Goomu UNESCO ngam jam e nder hakkillaaji worɓe 1983–89 Tergal, Goomu keeriiɗo ngam ustude kaɓirɗe e kisal (Goomu Olaf Palme) 1983, tergal Goomu annduɓe OMS ko faati e batte kaɓirɗe nukliyeer 1986, hooreejo fedde yimɓe mawɓe Commonwealth ko faati e Afrik worgo 1986, tergal, Goomu Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe ko faati e Neɗɗo Toowɗo ko faati e jokkondiral hakkunde Ƴellitaare e Ƴellitaare 1987–93, gardiiɗo fedde winndereere ɓurnde moƴƴude, Wasinton D.C. 1988–89, Sosɗo e hooreejo, Fedde Ardorde Afrik e hooreejo, Yiilirde Ngenndiire, Fooyre Ardorde Afrik Inc. New York 1988 (mee), hooreejo, Heɗto Namibi, Fedde Adunaare Eklesiyaaji, Wasinton D.C 1988–99, Jaagorgal keeringal to Duɗal Adunawal Demal Toowngal, Ibadan 1989, tergal teddungal, Goomu toppitiingu njeenaari yimɓe Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe 1989, tergal, Fedde nde wonaa laamuyankoore ngam ƴellitaare kaalis wonande leyɗeele ƴellitiiɗe (Komisiyoŋ Schmidt) 1989 Tergal, Goomu Wagginoore, Parlemaa Golle Adunaaje 1989–99, hooreejo, Goomu Wagginooji, Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe (TI) 1990, tergal, Goomu Wagginoore, Duɗal Etikaaji Aduna Tergal, Yiilirde Ngenndiire, duɗal Afriknaajo Ameriknaajo 1991–93, Bayyinoowo, Fedde Afrik lewru kala 1991, tergal, Diiso yimɓe mawɓe, Reso kaaldigal hakkunde leyɗeele, Carter Center to Duɗal Jaaɓi-haaɗtirde Emory, Atlanta 1991, tergal, Diiso Wasiyaaji, Njeenaari Nguura Aduna, Des Moines, Iowa 1992, tergal, fedde toppitiinde ko fayti e kaalis Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe (Fondation Ford) 1993–95, tergal, Goomu Wasiyaaji Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe ko faati e Afrik 1994 – Yiylotooɗo laawɗuɗo wooteeji to Mosammbik e noddaango laamu Mosammbik 1994–99 Tergal, Goomu Wagginoore, Goomu Carnegies ngam haɗde hareeji maayɗi 1995–99, ko o gardiiɗo PNUD ngam ƴellitaare aadee Joom mum e mawɗo Promoter, Duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde karallaagal Bells, Ota.[22] == Ƴeew kadi == Defterdu hooreejo leydi Olusegun Obasanjo == Tuugnorgal == 6zqoiehvlkp47iuuagjxb8xxd2a3r4n 0 4900 175708 145826 2026-06-22T18:39:33Z Ilya Discuss 10103 #1Lib1Ref 175708 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} == Peter Gregory Obi CON (jibinaa ko 19 lewru juko hitaande 1961) ko politikyanke e njulaagu leydi Najeriya, o woniino guwerneer diiwaan Anambra gila 17 mars 2006 haa ñalnde 2 noowammbar 2006. O artiraa e laamu ñalnde 9 feebariyee 2007 nde o woni ɗiɗaɓo haa o2006 timminii ñalnde 7 marse 2014. Obi ko tergal e fedde wiyeteende Afriknaajo gila 2025, o woniino kanndidaa hooreejo leydi e nder lannda Labour e wooteeji hooreejo leydi Najeriya 2023. == == Obi jibinaa ko to Onitsha, to diiwaan Anambra, to leydi Naajeeriya, o janngi to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Christ the King to Onitsha e to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Naajeeriya to Nsukka ngam jaŋde makko hakkundeere e jaŋde toownde. O golliima e banki ko adii nde o wontata politik timmuɗo caggal nde o tawtoraama e wooteeji guwerneeruuji diiwaan Anambra e hitaande 2003 e les njiimaandi APGA. O fooli ko Chris Ngige kono nafoore Ngige ndee, caggal ɗuum ñaawirdu nduu woppi ɗum, ko ɗum waɗi Obi wiyi ko kañum woni nafoore. O fuɗɗii laamu ko ñalnde 17 marse 2006. O ittii e laamu ko e asaambele dowla ñalnde 3 noowammbar 2006, tawi o siftinii « bonanndeeji bonɗi ». Cukko maako, Virginia Etiaba, lomtii mo, o woni debbo gadano guwerneer leydi Nigeria. Obi artiraa e laamu caggal nde ñaawirde ƴetti kuulal, o fuɗɗii laamu ñalnde 9 feebariyee 2007. Ñalnde 17 marse 2010, o artiraa e laamu ɗiɗaɓuru, ngu joofi ñalnde 17 marse 2014 nde o rokki laamu guwerneer cuɓaaɗo oo, hono Willie Obiano. == == Obi, les PDP, ɗaɓɓiti suɓol cukko hooreejo lesdi Naajeeriya nder hitaande 2019. E kanndidaajo hooreejo lesdi Naajeeriya Atiku Abubakar, ɓe ɗon mari haaje Muhammadu Buhari mo APC. Obi ummiima e lannda Labour e hitaande 2022. Patrick Utomi rokki mo tikket mum ngam suɓaade hooreejo leydi e nder wooteeji gadani lannda ka. O suɓi Yusuf Datti Baba-Ahmed ngam o laatoo cukko hooreejo lesdi Naajeeriya nder hitaande 2023, ammaa ɓe ɗon mari haaje suɓol hooreejo lesdi Naajeeriya e cukko hooreejo lesdi Bola Tinubu e Kashim Shettima. Kampaañ Obi ngam suɓaade hooreejo leydi siforaama ko no populist nii, haa teeŋti noon e riiwtude fedde wallidiiɓe wiyeteende « the Obidients ». == == Nguurndam e jaŋde puɗɗagol == == Obi jibinaa ko ñalnde 19 lewru juko hitaande 1961, to Onitsha, to diiwaan Anambra, to leydi Najeriya, e nder galle Kerecee’en dewondirɓe e wuro Agulu. O heɓi jaŋde makko hakkundeere to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Christ the King, to Onitsha, ɗo o heɓi duɗal makko to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Afrik worgo (WAEC). E hitaande 1980, o naati duɗal jaaɓi-haaɗtirde leydi Najeriya to Nsukka, to diiwaan Enugu, ɗo o janngi Filosofi haa o heɓi bakkaa makko e hitaande 1984. Obi janngi to duɗal jaaɓi-haaɗtirde njulaagu Lagos, to duɗal hakkunde leyɗeele ngam ƴellitaare njuɓɓudi to Siwis, to duɗal jaaɓi-haaɗtirde njulaagu Harvard, to duɗal jaaɓi-haaɗtirde njulaagu Saïd to Angalteer, to duɗal jaaɓi-haaɗtirde njulaagu Cambridge Judge to leydi Angalteer, e to duɗal jaaɓi-haaɗtirde njeeygu Cambridge Judge to Manage. == == Gomnaajo lesdi Anambra (2006-2014) == == 2003-2009 : Laamu gadano == == Wooteeji == == Ƴeew kadi: Fiilngo guwerneer diiwaan Anambra e hitaande 2003 == == Obi ɗon mari haaje suɓol hooreejo lesdi Anambra les kawtal hoore lesdi ndi'i nder hitaande 2003, Chris Ngige anndinaama. Nafoore Ngige e wooteeji ɗii, ko ñaawirde kuuge winndereere (Cour d’appel) fooli ɗum e hitaande 2006, caggal nde ñaawirde Enugu ƴetti kuulal ngal, holliti Obi ko kañum heɓi jaaltaaɓe e wooteeji 2003, o arti e laamu ñalnde 17 marse 2006.Impeachment e gartugol == == Obi ɗon ƴama laamu lesdi Naajeeriya nyande 2 lewru Noowaamburu hitaande 2006, nyalnde woore ɓaawo nde suudu kiita lesdi Naajeeriya ɗon fooɗa kuugal Rashidi Ladoja, guwerneer lesdi Oyo. E nder ciimtol jaaynde Daily Trust, Mike Balonwu, hooreejo suudu sarɗiiji leydi Anambra, yahiino to suudu sarɗiiji leydi Awka hedde waktu 5ɓo e feccere subaka e nder "kisal polis teeŋtuɗo" o ƴetti kuulal ngal Obi ƴetti. Ciimtol ngol hollitii wonde Balonwu e woɗɓe wonɓe e diiwaan hee, ummiima Awka, fayde Asaba, diiwaan Delta. O wiyi o ƴettataa suudu laamu nguu, e nder ɗuum Obi wiyi ina ñiŋa ƴaañgol ngol, o wiyi ko "kuulal ngal rewaani laawol, ngal rewaani laawol. Ƴettugol laamu nguu ko huunde tiiɗnde, fotnde waɗeede e nder ñalawma, wonaa e nder niɓɓere". E wiyde Obi, o humpitaaka ko feewti e ƴaañgol makko, o waawaano daranaade hoore makko. O wiyi depiteeji 12 ɗii mbaɗaani ko ɓuri heewde e tataɓe ɗiɗi ko ina haani ngam ustude laamu nguu. O hollitii kadi wonde juɓɓule ɗee ɗaɓɓirii cukko makko, hono Virginia Etiaba, nde artata e yeeso asaambele leydi ndii ngam hollirde deftere mum kono alaa ko o dañi e hoore makko [Obi], hay so tawii ko caggal ɗaɓɓaande awokaaji makko. Doosgal leydi Naajeeriya hollitii wonde "guwerneer leydi ndi walla cukko mum ina waawi ittude tan ko tataɓal ɗiɗi e nder terɗe suudu sarɗiiji leydi ndi". Balonwu ɓaawo man wi'i Obi ɗon ƴama laamu ɓaawo nde hukuumaaji pamari ɗin ɗon ƴama dow ko laarani hukuumaaji pamari ɗi'i, tawi o ɗon mari bawɗe 8 nder 11 ɗe o tuumaama. Virginia Etiaba lomtii mo e gardagol guwerneer. == == Caggal nde o salii tawtoreede woote guwerneeruuji diiwaan oo e hitaande 2007, Obi luulndiima ƴaañgol laamu. Ɗaɓɓaande makko ndee, ñaawirde toownde leydi Nijeer (Cour Suprême) ƴetti ɗum. Obi artiraa e laamu ñalnde 14 lewru juko hitaande 2007 caggal nde ñaawirdu ƴetti kuulal to fuɗnaange-rewo leydi Najeriya. Hooreejo suudu sarɗiiji leydi Anambra e fotde 23 tergal suɓiiɓe ngam ittude Obi e laamu, njaɓaani tawtoreede. E wiyde BBC, ko ngol woni laawol tataɓol ko guwerneer gooto riiwtata golle mum e hitaande 2006, tawi ko ñaawirɗe leydi Najeriya mbiyata ko ɗum huunde nde rewaani laawol. Mawɗo ñaawoore leydi ndi e ñaawooɓe tato woɗɓe ngoppitaama. == == Ñalnde 29 lewru Mbooy hitaande 2018, balloowo mawɗo keeriiɗo mo hooreejo leydi ndii Muhammadu Buhari to bannge jaayndeeji e jaayndeeji, Malam Garba Shehu, e nder winndannde yaltunde ngam siftorde duuɓi tati ɗi Buhari heɓi laamu, limtii Obi e "gooto e ɓeen ɓe tooñanngeeji mum ngoni e laamu Guwerneer". == == 2010–2014 : Laamu ɗiɗmu == == Fiilngo == == Ƴeew kadi: Fiilngo guwerneer diiwaan Anambra 2010 == == Ñalnde 7 feebariyee 2010, Obi heɓi woote guwerneer, o waɗi manndaa makko ɗiɗmo haa ñalnde 17 marse 2014, nde o lomtii ɗum ko Willie Obiano. Caggal wooteeji mawɗi 2015, hooreejo leydi Goodluck Jonathan toɗɗii Obi hooreejo komisiyoŋ kisal e mbaylaandi leydi Najeriya (SEC), e ñalnde 12 lewru Oktoobar 2018, Obi suɓaama ngam wonde ardiiɗo Atiku Abubakar e les njiimaandi lannda Demokaraasi Leƴƴi ngam wooteeji hooreejo leydi ndi ɗiɗaɓo ɓaawo jooɗiiɗo jooni Muhammadu Buhari mo APC. == == Kampaañiji hooreejo leydi == == woote 2023 == == Kawye == == Winndannde mawnde: Fiilngo hooreejo leydi Naajeeriya 2023 § Kampaañ == == Ñalnde 24 lewru marse hitaande 2022, Obi hollitii anniya mum ngam suɓaade hooreejo leydi Najeriya e les lannda, lannda yimɓe (PDP). Caggal ɗuum, o yalti, o hollitii wonde maa o ardo e les lannda Labour e nokku makko. E wiyde jaaynde Naajeeriya wiyeteende Peoples Gazette, Obi winndiino ardiiɓe PDP ñalnde 24 lewru Mbooy hitaande 2022, ngam yo ɓe ndarto terɗe maɓɓe, kadi ina wiyee o wullitiima no feewi e ñamlude depiteeji e soodde wooteeji e nder wooteeji gardagol leydi ndii, o hollitii wonde ina woodi lannda gollondirde e makko c. Obi ɗon mari haaje filu e darnde maako bana kanndidaajo mawɗo mo walaa kawtal bee lanndaaji ɗiɗi mawɗi lesdi Naajeeriya, ɗum waɗi o nanndi bee Emmanuel Macron, o waɗi suɓol hooreejo lesdi Farayse nder hitaande 2017. == == ƊooftiiɓeGomnaajo lesdi Anambra (2006-2014) == == 2003-2009 : Laamu gadano == == Wooteeji == == Ƴeew kadi: Fiilngo guwerneer diiwaan Anambra e hitaande 2003 == == Obi ɗon mari haaje suɓol hooreejo lesdi Anambra les kawtal hoore lesdi ndi'i nder hitaande 2003, Chris Ngige anndinaama. Nafoore Ngige e wooteeji ɗii, ko ñaawirde kuuge winndereere (Cour d’appel) fooli ɗum e hitaande 2006, caggal nde ñaawirde Enugu ƴetti kuulal ngal, holliti Obi ko kañum heɓi jaaltaaɓe e wooteeji 2003, o arti e laamu ñalnde 17 marse 2006. == == Impeachment e gartugol == == Obi ɗon ƴama laamu lesdi Naajeeriya nyande 2 lewru Noowaamburu hitaande 2006, nyalde woore ɓaawo kiitaaji lesdi Naajeeriya ɗon fooɗa Rashidi Ladoja, guwerneer lesdi Oyo. E nder ciimtol jaaynde Daily Trust, Mike Balonwu, hooreejo suudu sarɗiiji leydi Anambra, yahiino to suudu sarɗiiji leydi Awka hedde waktu 5ɓo e feccere subaka e nder "kisal polis teeŋtuɗo" o ƴetti kuulal ngal Obi ƴetti. Ciimtol ngol hollitii wonde Balonwu e woɗɓe wonɓe e diiwaan hee, ummiima Awka, fayde Asaba, diiwaan Delta. O wiyi o ƴettataa suudu laamu nguu, e nder ɗuum Obi wiyi ina ñiŋa ƴaañgol ngol, o wiyi ko "kuulal ngal rewaani laawol, ngal rewaani laawol. Ƴettugol laamu nguu ko huunde tiiɗnde, fotnde waɗeede e nder ñalawma, wonaa e nder niɓɓere". E wiyde Obi, o humpitaaka ko feewti e ƴaañgol makko, o waawaano daranaade hoore makko. O wiyi depiteeji 12 ɗii mbaɗaani ko ɓuri heewde e tataɓe ɗiɗi ko ina haani ngam ustude laamu nguu. O hollitii kadi wonde juɓɓule ɗee ɗaɓɓirii cukko makko, hono Virginia Etiaba, nde artata e yeeso asaambele leydi ndii ngam hollirde deftere mum kono alaa ko o dañi e hoore makko [Obi], hay so tawii ko caggal ɗaɓɓaande awokaaji makko. Doosgal leydi Naajeeriya hollitii wonde "guwerneer leydi ndi walla cukko mum ina waawi ittude tan ko tataɓal ɗiɗi e nder terɗe suudu sarɗiiji leydi ndi". Balonwu ɓaawo man wi'i Obi ɗon ƴama laamu ɓaawo nde hukuumaaji pamari ɗin ɗon ƴama dow ko laarani hukuumaaji pamari ɗi'i, tawi o ɗon mari bawɗe 8 nder 11 ɗe o tuumaama. Virginia Etiaba lomtii mo e gardagol guwerneer. == == Caggal nde o salii tawtoreede woote guwerneeruuji diiwaan oo e hitaande 2007, Obi luulndiima ƴaañgol laamu. Ɗaɓɓaande makko ndee, ñaawirde toownde leydi Nijeer (Cour Suprême) ƴetti ɗum. Obi artiraa e laamu ñalnde 14 lewru juko hitaande 2007 caggal nde ñaawirde ƴetti kuulal to bannge worgo-fuɗnaange leydi Najeriya.Hooreejo suudu sarɗiiji leydi Anambra e fotde 23 terɗe wootnooɗe ngam ittude Obi e laamu, njaɓaani tawtoreede. E wiyde BBC, ko ngol woni laawol tataɓol ko guwerneer gooto riiwtata golle mum e hitaande 2006, tawi ko ñaawirɗe leydi Najeriya mbiyata ko ɗum huunde nde rewaani laawol. Mawɗo ñaawoore leydi ndi e ñaawooɓe tato woɗɓe ngoppitaa. == == Ñalnde 29 lewru Mbooy hitaande 2018, balloowo mawɗo keeriiɗo mo hooreejo leydi ndii Muhammadu Buhari to bannge jaayndeeji e jaayndeeji, Malam Garba Shehu, e nder winndannde yaltunde ngam siftorde duuɓi tati ɗi Buhari heɓi laamu, limtii Obi e "gooto e ɓeen wonɓe e tooñanngeeji nde o woni e laamu guwerneer". == == 2010–2014 : Laamu ɗiɗmu == == Fiilngo == == Ƴeew kadi: Fiilngo guwerneer diiwaan Anambra 2010 == == Ñalnde 7 feebariyee 2010, Obi heɓi woote guwerneer, o waɗi manndaa makko ɗiɗmo haa ñalnde 17 marse 2014, nde o lomtii ɗum ko Willie Obiano. Caggal wooteeji mawɗi 2015, hooreejo leydi Goodluck Jonathan toɗɗii Obi hooreejo komisiyoŋ kisal e mbaylaandi leydi Najeriya (SEC), e ñalnde 12 lewru Oktoobar 2018, Obi suɓaama ngam wonde ardiiɗo Atiku Abubakar e les njiimaandi lannda Demokaraasi Leƴƴi ngam wooteeji hooreejo leydi ndi ɗiɗaɓo ɓaawo jooɗiiɗo jooni Muhammadu Buhari mo APC. == == Kampaañiji hooreejo leydi == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Stub]] rjcufl87wnh98ltcsvc3wsaxe8lozg8 175709 175708 2026-06-22T18:41:32Z Ilya Discuss 10103 #1Lib1Ref 175709 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} == '''Peter Gregory Obi''' CON (jibinaa ko 19 lewru juko hitaande 1961) ko politikyanke e njulaagu leydi Najeriya, o woniino guwerneer diiwaan Anambra gila 17 mars 2006 haa ñalnde 2 noowammbar 2006. O artiraa e laamu ñalnde 9 feebariyee 2007 nde o woni ɗiɗaɓo haa o2006 timminii ñalnde 7 marse 2014. Obi ko tergal e fedde wiyeteende Afriknaajo gila 2025, o woniino kanndidaa hooreejo leydi e nder lannda Labour e wooteeji hooreejo leydi Najeriya 2023. == == Obi jibinaa ko to Onitsha, to diiwaan Anambra, to leydi Naajeeriya, o janngi to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Christ the King to Onitsha e to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Naajeeriya to Nsukka ngam jaŋde makko hakkundeere e jaŋde toownde. O golliima e banki ko adii nde o wontata politik timmuɗo caggal nde o tawtoraama e wooteeji guwerneeruuji diiwaan Anambra e hitaande 2003 e les njiimaandi APGA. O fooli ko Chris Ngige kono nafoore Ngige ndee, caggal ɗuum ñaawirdu nduu woppi ɗum, ko ɗum waɗi Obi wiyi ko kañum woni nafoore. O fuɗɗii laamu ko ñalnde 17 marse 2006. O ittii e laamu ko e asaambele dowla ñalnde 3 noowammbar 2006, tawi o siftinii « bonanndeeji bonɗi ». Cukko maako, Virginia Etiaba, lomtii mo, o woni debbo gadano guwerneer leydi Nigeria. Obi artiraa e laamu caggal nde ñaawirde ƴetti kuulal, o fuɗɗii laamu ñalnde 9 feebariyee 2007. Ñalnde 17 marse 2010, o artiraa e laamu ɗiɗaɓuru, ngu joofi ñalnde 17 marse 2014 nde o rokki laamu guwerneer cuɓaaɗo oo, hono Willie Obiano. == == Obi, les PDP, ɗaɓɓiti suɓol cukko hooreejo lesdi Naajeeriya nder hitaande 2019. E kanndidaajo hooreejo lesdi Naajeeriya Atiku Abubakar, ɓe ɗon mari haaje Muhammadu Buhari mo APC. Obi ummiima e lannda Labour e hitaande 2022. Patrick Utomi rokki mo tikket mum ngam suɓaade hooreejo leydi e nder wooteeji gadani lannda ka. O suɓi Yusuf Datti Baba-Ahmed ngam o laatoo cukko hooreejo lesdi Naajeeriya nder hitaande 2023, ammaa ɓe ɗon mari haaje suɓol hooreejo lesdi Naajeeriya e cukko hooreejo lesdi Bola Tinubu e Kashim Shettima. Kampaañ Obi ngam suɓaade hooreejo leydi siforaama ko no populist nii, haa teeŋti noon e riiwtude fedde wallidiiɓe wiyeteende « the Obidients ». == == Nguurndam e jaŋde puɗɗagol == == Obi jibinaa ko ñalnde 19 lewru juko hitaande 1961, to Onitsha, to diiwaan Anambra, to leydi Najeriya, e nder galle Kerecee’en dewondirɓe e wuro Agulu. O heɓi jaŋde makko hakkundeere to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Christ the King, to Onitsha, ɗo o heɓi duɗal makko to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Afrik worgo (WAEC). E hitaande 1980, o naati duɗal jaaɓi-haaɗtirde leydi Najeriya to Nsukka, to diiwaan Enugu, ɗo o janngi Filosofi haa o heɓi bakkaa makko e hitaande 1984. Obi janngi to duɗal jaaɓi-haaɗtirde njulaagu Lagos, to duɗal hakkunde leyɗeele ngam ƴellitaare njuɓɓudi to Siwis, to duɗal jaaɓi-haaɗtirde njulaagu Harvard, to duɗal jaaɓi-haaɗtirde njulaagu Saïd to Angalteer, to duɗal jaaɓi-haaɗtirde njulaagu Cambridge Judge to leydi Angalteer, e to duɗal jaaɓi-haaɗtirde njeeygu Cambridge Judge to Manage. == == Gomnaajo lesdi Anambra (2006-2014) == == 2003-2009 : Laamu gadano == ==== Wooteeji ==== == Ƴeew kadi: Fiilngo guwerneer diiwaan Anambra e hitaande 2003 == == Obi ɗon mari haaje suɓol hooreejo lesdi Anambra les kawtal hoore lesdi ndi'i nder hitaande 2003, Chris Ngige anndinaama. Nafoore Ngige e wooteeji ɗii, ko ñaawirde kuuge winndereere (Cour d’appel) fooli ɗum e hitaande 2006, caggal nde ñaawirde Enugu ƴetti kuulal ngal, holliti Obi ko kañum heɓi jaaltaaɓe e wooteeji 2003, o arti e laamu ñalnde 17 marse 2006.Impeachment e gartugol == == Obi ɗon ƴama laamu lesdi Naajeeriya nyande 2 lewru Noowaamburu hitaande 2006, nyalnde woore ɓaawo nde suudu kiita lesdi Naajeeriya ɗon fooɗa kuugal Rashidi Ladoja, guwerneer lesdi Oyo. E nder ciimtol jaaynde Daily Trust, Mike Balonwu, hooreejo suudu sarɗiiji leydi Anambra, yahiino to suudu sarɗiiji leydi Awka hedde waktu 5ɓo e feccere subaka e nder "kisal polis teeŋtuɗo" o ƴetti kuulal ngal Obi ƴetti. Ciimtol ngol hollitii wonde Balonwu e woɗɓe wonɓe e diiwaan hee, ummiima Awka, fayde Asaba, diiwaan Delta. O wiyi o ƴettataa suudu laamu nguu, e nder ɗuum Obi wiyi ina ñiŋa ƴaañgol ngol, o wiyi ko "kuulal ngal rewaani laawol, ngal rewaani laawol. Ƴettugol laamu nguu ko huunde tiiɗnde, fotnde waɗeede e nder ñalawma, wonaa e nder niɓɓere". E wiyde Obi, o humpitaaka ko feewti e ƴaañgol makko, o waawaano daranaade hoore makko. O wiyi depiteeji 12 ɗii mbaɗaani ko ɓuri heewde e tataɓe ɗiɗi ko ina haani ngam ustude laamu nguu. O hollitii kadi wonde juɓɓule ɗee ɗaɓɓirii cukko makko, hono Virginia Etiaba, nde artata e yeeso asaambele leydi ndii ngam hollirde deftere mum kono alaa ko o dañi e hoore makko [Obi], hay so tawii ko caggal ɗaɓɓaande awokaaji makko. Doosgal leydi Naajeeriya hollitii wonde "guwerneer leydi ndi walla cukko mum ina waawi ittude tan ko tataɓal ɗiɗi e nder terɗe suudu sarɗiiji leydi ndi". Balonwu ɓaawo man wi'i Obi ɗon ƴama laamu ɓaawo nde hukuumaaji pamari ɗin ɗon ƴama dow ko laarani hukuumaaji pamari ɗi'i, tawi o ɗon mari bawɗe 8 nder 11 ɗe o tuumaama. Virginia Etiaba lomtii mo e gardagol guwerneer. == == Caggal nde o salii tawtoreede woote guwerneeruuji diiwaan oo e hitaande 2007, Obi luulndiima ƴaañgol laamu. Ɗaɓɓaande makko ndee, ñaawirde toownde leydi Nijeer (Cour Suprême) ƴetti ɗum. Obi artiraa e laamu ñalnde 14 lewru juko hitaande 2007 caggal nde ñaawirdu ƴetti kuulal to fuɗnaange-rewo leydi Najeriya. Hooreejo suudu sarɗiiji leydi Anambra e fotde 23 tergal suɓiiɓe ngam ittude Obi e laamu, njaɓaani tawtoreede. E wiyde BBC, ko ngol woni laawol tataɓol ko guwerneer gooto riiwtata golle mum e hitaande 2006, tawi ko ñaawirɗe leydi Najeriya mbiyata ko ɗum huunde nde rewaani laawol. Mawɗo ñaawoore leydi ndi e ñaawooɓe tato woɗɓe ngoppitaama. == == Ñalnde 29 lewru Mbooy hitaande 2018, balloowo mawɗo keeriiɗo mo hooreejo leydi ndii Muhammadu Buhari to bannge jaayndeeji e jaayndeeji, Malam Garba Shehu, e nder winndannde yaltunde ngam siftorde duuɓi tati ɗi Buhari heɓi laamu, limtii Obi e "gooto e ɓeen ɓe tooñanngeeji mum ngoni e laamu Guwerneer". == == 2010–2014 : Laamu ɗiɗmu == ==== Fiilngo ==== == Ƴeew kadi: Fiilngo guwerneer diiwaan Anambra 2010 == == Ñalnde 7 feebariyee 2010, Obi heɓi woote guwerneer, o waɗi manndaa makko ɗiɗmo haa ñalnde 17 marse 2014, nde o lomtii ɗum ko Willie Obiano. Caggal wooteeji mawɗi 2015, hooreejo leydi Goodluck Jonathan toɗɗii Obi hooreejo komisiyoŋ kisal e mbaylaandi leydi Najeriya (SEC), e ñalnde 12 lewru Oktoobar 2018, Obi suɓaama ngam wonde ardiiɗo Atiku Abubakar e les njiimaandi lannda Demokaraasi Leƴƴi ngam wooteeji hooreejo leydi ndi ɗiɗaɓo ɓaawo jooɗiiɗo jooni Muhammadu Buhari mo APC. == == Kampaañiji hooreejo leydi == == woote 2023 == == Kawye == == Winndannde mawnde: Fiilngo hooreejo leydi Naajeeriya 2023 § Kampaañ == == Ñalnde 24 lewru marse hitaande 2022, Obi hollitii anniya mum ngam suɓaade hooreejo leydi Najeriya e les lannda, lannda yimɓe (PDP). Caggal ɗuum, o yalti, o hollitii wonde maa o ardo e les lannda Labour e nokku makko. E wiyde jaaynde Naajeeriya wiyeteende Peoples Gazette, Obi winndiino ardiiɓe PDP ñalnde 24 lewru Mbooy hitaande 2022, ngam yo ɓe ndarto terɗe maɓɓe, kadi ina wiyee o wullitiima no feewi e ñamlude depiteeji e soodde wooteeji e nder wooteeji gardagol leydi ndii, o hollitii wonde ina woodi lannda gollondirde e makko c. Obi ɗon mari haaje filu e darnde maako bana kanndidaajo mawɗo mo walaa kawtal bee lanndaaji ɗiɗi mawɗi lesdi Naajeeriya, ɗum waɗi o nanndi bee Emmanuel Macron, o waɗi suɓol hooreejo lesdi Farayse nder hitaande 2017. == == ƊooftiiɓeGomnaajo lesdi Anambra (2006-2014) == == 2003-2009 : Laamu gadano == ==== Wooteeji ==== == Ƴeew kadi: Fiilngo guwerneer diiwaan Anambra e hitaande 2003 == == Obi ɗon mari haaje suɓol hooreejo lesdi Anambra les kawtal hoore lesdi ndi'i nder hitaande 2003, Chris Ngige anndinaama. Nafoore Ngige e wooteeji ɗii, ko ñaawirde kuuge winndereere (Cour d’appel) fooli ɗum e hitaande 2006, caggal nde ñaawirde Enugu ƴetti kuulal ngal, holliti Obi ko kañum heɓi jaaltaaɓe e wooteeji 2003, o arti e laamu ñalnde 17 marse 2006. == ==== Impeachment e gartugol ==== == Obi ɗon ƴama laamu lesdi Naajeeriya nyande 2 lewru Noowaamburu hitaande 2006, nyalde woore ɓaawo kiitaaji lesdi Naajeeriya ɗon fooɗa Rashidi Ladoja, guwerneer lesdi Oyo. E nder ciimtol jaaynde Daily Trust, Mike Balonwu, hooreejo suudu sarɗiiji leydi Anambra, yahiino to suudu sarɗiiji leydi Awka hedde waktu 5ɓo e feccere subaka e nder "kisal polis teeŋtuɗo" o ƴetti kuulal ngal Obi ƴetti. Ciimtol ngol hollitii wonde Balonwu e woɗɓe wonɓe e diiwaan hee, ummiima Awka, fayde Asaba, diiwaan Delta. O wiyi o ƴettataa suudu laamu nguu, e nder ɗuum Obi wiyi ina ñiŋa ƴaañgol ngol, o wiyi ko "kuulal ngal rewaani laawol, ngal rewaani laawol. Ƴettugol laamu nguu ko huunde tiiɗnde, fotnde waɗeede e nder ñalawma, wonaa e nder niɓɓere". E wiyde Obi, o humpitaaka ko feewti e ƴaañgol makko, o waawaano daranaade hoore makko. O wiyi depiteeji 12 ɗii mbaɗaani ko ɓuri heewde e tataɓe ɗiɗi ko ina haani ngam ustude laamu nguu. O hollitii kadi wonde juɓɓule ɗee ɗaɓɓirii cukko makko, hono Virginia Etiaba, nde artata e yeeso asaambele leydi ndii ngam hollirde deftere mum kono alaa ko o dañi e hoore makko [Obi], hay so tawii ko caggal ɗaɓɓaande awokaaji makko. Doosgal leydi Naajeeriya hollitii wonde "guwerneer leydi ndi walla cukko mum ina waawi ittude tan ko tataɓal ɗiɗi e nder terɗe suudu sarɗiiji leydi ndi". Balonwu ɓaawo man wi'i Obi ɗon ƴama laamu ɓaawo nde hukuumaaji pamari ɗin ɗon ƴama dow ko laarani hukuumaaji pamari ɗi'i, tawi o ɗon mari bawɗe 8 nder 11 ɗe o tuumaama. Virginia Etiaba lomtii mo e gardagol guwerneer. == == Caggal nde o salii tawtoreede woote guwerneeruuji diiwaan oo e hitaande 2007, Obi luulndiima ƴaañgol laamu. Ɗaɓɓaande makko ndee, ñaawirde toownde leydi Nijeer (Cour Suprême) ƴetti ɗum. Obi artiraa e laamu ñalnde 14 lewru juko hitaande 2007 caggal nde ñaawirde ƴetti kuulal to bannge worgo-fuɗnaange leydi Najeriya.Hooreejo suudu sarɗiiji leydi Anambra e fotde 23 terɗe wootnooɗe ngam ittude Obi e laamu, njaɓaani tawtoreede. E wiyde BBC, ko ngol woni laawol tataɓol ko guwerneer gooto riiwtata golle mum e hitaande 2006, tawi ko ñaawirɗe leydi Najeriya mbiyata ko ɗum huunde nde rewaani laawol. Mawɗo ñaawoore leydi ndi e ñaawooɓe tato woɗɓe ngoppitaa. == == Ñalnde 29 lewru Mbooy hitaande 2018, balloowo mawɗo keeriiɗo mo hooreejo leydi ndii Muhammadu Buhari to bannge jaayndeeji e jaayndeeji, Malam Garba Shehu, e nder winndannde yaltunde ngam siftorde duuɓi tati ɗi Buhari heɓi laamu, limtii Obi e "gooto e ɓeen wonɓe e tooñanngeeji nde o woni e laamu guwerneer". == == 2010–2014 : Laamu ɗiɗmu == ==== Fiilngo ==== ==== Ƴeew kadi: ==== == Fiilngo guwerneer diiwaan Anambra 2010 == == Ñalnde 7 feebariyee 2010, Obi heɓi woote guwerneer, o waɗi manndaa makko ɗiɗmo haa ñalnde 17 marse 2014, nde o lomtii ɗum ko Willie Obiano. Caggal wooteeji mawɗi 2015, hooreejo leydi Goodluck Jonathan toɗɗii Obi hooreejo komisiyoŋ kisal e mbaylaandi leydi Najeriya (SEC), e ñalnde 12 lewru Oktoobar 2018, Obi suɓaama ngam wonde ardiiɗo Atiku Abubakar e les njiimaandi lannda Demokaraasi Leƴƴi ngam wooteeji hooreejo leydi ndi ɗiɗaɓo ɓaawo jooɗiiɗo jooni Muhammadu Buhari mo APC. == == Kampaañiji hooreejo leydi == == Tuugnorgal == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Stub]] 16aq8vv0om3r4t8hlcvdc6cjk39hm82 175710 175709 2026-06-22T18:46:57Z Ilya Discuss 10103 #1Lib1Ref 175710 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} == '''Peter Gregory Obi''' CON (jibinaa ko 19 lewru juko hitaande 1961) ko politikyanke e njulaagu leydi Najeriya, o woniino guwerneer diiwaan Anambra gila 17 mars 2006 haa ñalnde 2 noowammbar 2006. O artiraa e laamu ñalnde 9 feebariyee 2007 nde o woni ɗiɗaɓo haa o2006 timminii ñalnde 7 marse 2014. Obi ko tergal e fedde wiyeteende Afriknaajo gila 2025, o woniino kanndidaa hooreejo leydi e nder lannda Labour e wooteeji hooreejo leydi Najeriya 2023.<ref>{{cite web|last=Ayeni|first=Tofe|title=Nigeria: 10 Things About Peter Obi, Presidential Aspirant|website=[[The Africa Report]]|date=3 May 2022|url=https://www.theafricareport.com/199211/nigeria-10-things-about-peter-obi-presidential-aspirant/|access-date=15 May 2024|url-access=subscription|archive-date=15 May 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240515215648/https://www.theafricareport.com/199211/nigeria-10-things-about-peter-obi-presidential-aspirant/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|author1=Nduka Orjinmo|author2=Olivia Ndubuisi|title=Peter Obi: Di Labour Party Candidate Wey Dey Totori Young Nigerians|website=[[BBC News Pidgin]]|location=[[Lagos, Nigeria]]|date=19 January 2023|url=https://www.bbc.com/pidgin/64328892|access-date=15 May 2024|archive-date=12 February 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230212130428/https://www.bbc.com/pidgin/64328892|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Sun" /> == == Obi jibinaa ko to Onitsha, to diiwaan Anambra, to leydi Naajeeriya, o janngi to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Christ the King to Onitsha e to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Naajeeriya to Nsukka ngam jaŋde makko hakkundeere e jaŋde toownde. O golliima e banki ko adii nde o wontata politik timmuɗo caggal nde o tawtoraama e wooteeji guwerneeruuji diiwaan Anambra e hitaande 2003 e les njiimaandi APGA. O fooli ko Chris Ngige kono nafoore Ngige ndee, caggal ɗuum ñaawirdu nduu woppi ɗum, ko ɗum waɗi Obi wiyi ko kañum woni nafoore. O fuɗɗii laamu ko ñalnde 17 marse 2006. O ittii e laamu ko e asaambele dowla ñalnde 3 noowammbar 2006, tawi o siftinii « bonanndeeji bonɗi ». Cukko maako, Virginia Etiaba, lomtii mo, o woni debbo gadano guwerneer leydi Nigeria. Obi artiraa e laamu caggal nde ñaawirde ƴetti kuulal, o fuɗɗii laamu ñalnde 9 feebariyee 2007. Ñalnde 17 marse 2010, o artiraa e laamu ɗiɗaɓuru, ngu joofi ñalnde 17 marse 2014 nde o rokki laamu guwerneer cuɓaaɗo oo, hono Willie Obiano. == == Obi, les PDP, ɗaɓɓiti suɓol cukko hooreejo lesdi Naajeeriya nder hitaande 2019. E kanndidaajo hooreejo lesdi Naajeeriya Atiku Abubakar, ɓe ɗon mari haaje Muhammadu Buhari mo APC. Obi ummiima e lannda Labour e hitaande 2022. Patrick Utomi rokki mo tikket mum ngam suɓaade hooreejo leydi e nder wooteeji gadani lannda ka. O suɓi Yusuf Datti Baba-Ahmed ngam o laatoo cukko hooreejo lesdi Naajeeriya nder hitaande 2023, ammaa ɓe ɗon mari haaje suɓol hooreejo lesdi Naajeeriya e cukko hooreejo lesdi Bola Tinubu e Kashim Shettima. Kampaañ Obi ngam suɓaade hooreejo leydi siforaama ko no populist nii, haa teeŋti noon e riiwtude fedde wallidiiɓe wiyeteende « the Obidients ». == == Nguurndam e jaŋde puɗɗagol == == Obi jibinaa ko ñalnde 19 lewru juko hitaande 1961, to Onitsha, to diiwaan Anambra, to leydi Najeriya, e nder galle Kerecee’en dewondirɓe e wuro Agulu. O heɓi jaŋde makko hakkundeere to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Christ the King, to Onitsha, ɗo o heɓi duɗal makko to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Afrik worgo (WAEC). E hitaande 1980, o naati duɗal jaaɓi-haaɗtirde leydi Najeriya to Nsukka, to diiwaan Enugu, ɗo o janngi Filosofi haa o heɓi bakkaa makko e hitaande 1984. Obi janngi to duɗal jaaɓi-haaɗtirde njulaagu Lagos, to duɗal hakkunde leyɗeele ngam ƴellitaare njuɓɓudi to Siwis, to duɗal jaaɓi-haaɗtirde njulaagu Harvard, to duɗal jaaɓi-haaɗtirde njulaagu Saïd to Angalteer, to duɗal jaaɓi-haaɗtirde njulaagu Cambridge Judge to leydi Angalteer, e to duɗal jaaɓi-haaɗtirde njeeygu Cambridge Judge to Manage. == == Gomnaajo lesdi Anambra (2006-2014) == == 2003-2009 : Laamu gadano == ==== Wooteeji ==== == Ƴeew kadi: Fiilngo guwerneer diiwaan Anambra e hitaande 2003 == == Obi ɗon mari haaje suɓol hooreejo lesdi Anambra les kawtal hoore lesdi ndi'i nder hitaande 2003, Chris Ngige anndinaama. Nafoore Ngige e wooteeji ɗii, ko ñaawirde kuuge winndereere (Cour d’appel) fooli ɗum e hitaande 2006, caggal nde ñaawirde Enugu ƴetti kuulal ngal, holliti Obi ko kañum heɓi jaaltaaɓe e wooteeji 2003, o arti e laamu ñalnde 17 marse 2006.Impeachment e gartugol == == Obi ɗon ƴama laamu lesdi Naajeeriya nyande 2 lewru Noowaamburu hitaande 2006, nyalnde woore ɓaawo nde suudu kiita lesdi Naajeeriya ɗon fooɗa kuugal Rashidi Ladoja, guwerneer lesdi Oyo. E nder ciimtol jaaynde Daily Trust, Mike Balonwu, hooreejo suudu sarɗiiji leydi Anambra, yahiino to suudu sarɗiiji leydi Awka hedde waktu 5ɓo e feccere subaka e nder "kisal polis teeŋtuɗo" o ƴetti kuulal ngal Obi ƴetti. Ciimtol ngol hollitii wonde Balonwu e woɗɓe wonɓe e diiwaan hee, ummiima Awka, fayde Asaba, diiwaan Delta. O wiyi o ƴettataa suudu laamu nguu, e nder ɗuum Obi wiyi ina ñiŋa ƴaañgol ngol, o wiyi ko "kuulal ngal rewaani laawol, ngal rewaani laawol. Ƴettugol laamu nguu ko huunde tiiɗnde, fotnde waɗeede e nder ñalawma, wonaa e nder niɓɓere". E wiyde Obi, o humpitaaka ko feewti e ƴaañgol makko, o waawaano daranaade hoore makko. O wiyi depiteeji 12 ɗii mbaɗaani ko ɓuri heewde e tataɓe ɗiɗi ko ina haani ngam ustude laamu nguu. O hollitii kadi wonde juɓɓule ɗee ɗaɓɓirii cukko makko, hono Virginia Etiaba, nde artata e yeeso asaambele leydi ndii ngam hollirde deftere mum kono alaa ko o dañi e hoore makko [Obi], hay so tawii ko caggal ɗaɓɓaande awokaaji makko. Doosgal leydi Naajeeriya hollitii wonde "guwerneer leydi ndi walla cukko mum ina waawi ittude tan ko tataɓal ɗiɗi e nder terɗe suudu sarɗiiji leydi ndi". Balonwu ɓaawo man wi'i Obi ɗon ƴama laamu ɓaawo nde hukuumaaji pamari ɗin ɗon ƴama dow ko laarani hukuumaaji pamari ɗi'i, tawi o ɗon mari bawɗe 8 nder 11 ɗe o tuumaama. Virginia Etiaba lomtii mo e gardagol guwerneer. == == Caggal nde o salii tawtoreede woote guwerneeruuji diiwaan oo e hitaande 2007, Obi luulndiima ƴaañgol laamu. Ɗaɓɓaande makko ndee, ñaawirde toownde leydi Nijeer (Cour Suprême) ƴetti ɗum. Obi artiraa e laamu ñalnde 14 lewru juko hitaande 2007 caggal nde ñaawirdu ƴetti kuulal to fuɗnaange-rewo leydi Najeriya. Hooreejo suudu sarɗiiji leydi Anambra e fotde 23 tergal suɓiiɓe ngam ittude Obi e laamu, njaɓaani tawtoreede. E wiyde BBC, ko ngol woni laawol tataɓol ko guwerneer gooto riiwtata golle mum e hitaande 2006, tawi ko ñaawirɗe leydi Najeriya mbiyata ko ɗum huunde nde rewaani laawol. Mawɗo ñaawoore leydi ndi e ñaawooɓe tato woɗɓe ngoppitaama. == == Ñalnde 29 lewru Mbooy hitaande 2018, balloowo mawɗo keeriiɗo mo hooreejo leydi ndii Muhammadu Buhari to bannge jaayndeeji e jaayndeeji, Malam Garba Shehu, e nder winndannde yaltunde ngam siftorde duuɓi tati ɗi Buhari heɓi laamu, limtii Obi e "gooto e ɓeen ɓe tooñanngeeji mum ngoni e laamu Guwerneer". == == 2010–2014 : Laamu ɗiɗmu == ==== Fiilngo ==== == Ƴeew kadi: Fiilngo guwerneer diiwaan Anambra 2010 == == Ñalnde 7 feebariyee 2010, Obi heɓi woote guwerneer, o waɗi manndaa makko ɗiɗmo haa ñalnde 17 marse 2014, nde o lomtii ɗum ko Willie Obiano. Caggal wooteeji mawɗi 2015, hooreejo leydi Goodluck Jonathan toɗɗii Obi hooreejo komisiyoŋ kisal e mbaylaandi leydi Najeriya (SEC), e ñalnde 12 lewru Oktoobar 2018, Obi suɓaama ngam wonde ardiiɗo Atiku Abubakar e les njiimaandi lannda Demokaraasi Leƴƴi ngam wooteeji hooreejo leydi ndi ɗiɗaɓo ɓaawo jooɗiiɗo jooni Muhammadu Buhari mo APC. == == Kampaañiji hooreejo leydi == == woote 2023 == == Kawye == == Winndannde mawnde: Fiilngo hooreejo leydi Naajeeriya 2023 § Kampaañ == == Ñalnde 24 lewru marse hitaande 2022, Obi hollitii anniya mum ngam suɓaade hooreejo leydi Najeriya e les lannda, lannda yimɓe (PDP). Caggal ɗuum, o yalti, o hollitii wonde maa o ardo e les lannda Labour e nokku makko. E wiyde jaaynde Naajeeriya wiyeteende Peoples Gazette, Obi winndiino ardiiɓe PDP ñalnde 24 lewru Mbooy hitaande 2022, ngam yo ɓe ndarto terɗe maɓɓe, kadi ina wiyee o wullitiima no feewi e ñamlude depiteeji e soodde wooteeji e nder wooteeji gardagol leydi ndii, o hollitii wonde ina woodi lannda gollondirde e makko c. Obi ɗon mari haaje filu e darnde maako bana kanndidaajo mawɗo mo walaa kawtal bee lanndaaji ɗiɗi mawɗi lesdi Naajeeriya, ɗum waɗi o nanndi bee Emmanuel Macron, o waɗi suɓol hooreejo lesdi Farayse nder hitaande 2017. == == ƊooftiiɓeGomnaajo lesdi Anambra (2006-2014) == == 2003-2009 : Laamu gadano == ==== Wooteeji ==== == Ƴeew kadi: Fiilngo guwerneer diiwaan Anambra e hitaande 2003 == == Obi ɗon mari haaje suɓol hooreejo lesdi Anambra les kawtal hoore lesdi ndi'i nder hitaande 2003, Chris Ngige anndinaama. Nafoore Ngige e wooteeji ɗii, ko ñaawirde kuuge winndereere (Cour d’appel) fooli ɗum e hitaande 2006, caggal nde ñaawirde Enugu ƴetti kuulal ngal, holliti Obi ko kañum heɓi jaaltaaɓe e wooteeji 2003, o arti e laamu ñalnde 17 marse 2006. == ==== Impeachment e gartugol ==== == Obi ɗon ƴama laamu lesdi Naajeeriya nyande 2 lewru Noowaamburu hitaande 2006, nyalde woore ɓaawo kiitaaji lesdi Naajeeriya ɗon fooɗa Rashidi Ladoja, guwerneer lesdi Oyo. E nder ciimtol jaaynde Daily Trust, Mike Balonwu, hooreejo suudu sarɗiiji leydi Anambra, yahiino to suudu sarɗiiji leydi Awka hedde waktu 5ɓo e feccere subaka e nder "kisal polis teeŋtuɗo" o ƴetti kuulal ngal Obi ƴetti. Ciimtol ngol hollitii wonde Balonwu e woɗɓe wonɓe e diiwaan hee, ummiima Awka, fayde Asaba, diiwaan Delta. O wiyi o ƴettataa suudu laamu nguu, e nder ɗuum Obi wiyi ina ñiŋa ƴaañgol ngol, o wiyi ko "kuulal ngal rewaani laawol, ngal rewaani laawol. Ƴettugol laamu nguu ko huunde tiiɗnde, fotnde waɗeede e nder ñalawma, wonaa e nder niɓɓere". E wiyde Obi, o humpitaaka ko feewti e ƴaañgol makko, o waawaano daranaade hoore makko. O wiyi depiteeji 12 ɗii mbaɗaani ko ɓuri heewde e tataɓe ɗiɗi ko ina haani ngam ustude laamu nguu. O hollitii kadi wonde juɓɓule ɗee ɗaɓɓirii cukko makko, hono Virginia Etiaba, nde artata e yeeso asaambele leydi ndii ngam hollirde deftere mum kono alaa ko o dañi e hoore makko [Obi], hay so tawii ko caggal ɗaɓɓaande awokaaji makko. Doosgal leydi Naajeeriya hollitii wonde "guwerneer leydi ndi walla cukko mum ina waawi ittude tan ko tataɓal ɗiɗi e nder terɗe suudu sarɗiiji leydi ndi". Balonwu ɓaawo man wi'i Obi ɗon ƴama laamu ɓaawo nde hukuumaaji pamari ɗin ɗon ƴama dow ko laarani hukuumaaji pamari ɗi'i, tawi o ɗon mari bawɗe 8 nder 11 ɗe o tuumaama. Virginia Etiaba lomtii mo e gardagol guwerneer. == == Caggal nde o salii tawtoreede woote guwerneeruuji diiwaan oo e hitaande 2007, Obi luulndiima ƴaañgol laamu. Ɗaɓɓaande makko ndee, ñaawirde toownde leydi Nijeer (Cour Suprême) ƴetti ɗum. Obi artiraa e laamu ñalnde 14 lewru juko hitaande 2007 caggal nde ñaawirde ƴetti kuulal to bannge worgo-fuɗnaange leydi Najeriya.Hooreejo suudu sarɗiiji leydi Anambra e fotde 23 terɗe wootnooɗe ngam ittude Obi e laamu, njaɓaani tawtoreede. E wiyde BBC, ko ngol woni laawol tataɓol ko guwerneer gooto riiwtata golle mum e hitaande 2006, tawi ko ñaawirɗe leydi Najeriya mbiyata ko ɗum huunde nde rewaani laawol. Mawɗo ñaawoore leydi ndi e ñaawooɓe tato woɗɓe ngoppitaa. == == Ñalnde 29 lewru Mbooy hitaande 2018, balloowo mawɗo keeriiɗo mo hooreejo leydi ndii Muhammadu Buhari to bannge jaayndeeji e jaayndeeji, Malam Garba Shehu, e nder winndannde yaltunde ngam siftorde duuɓi tati ɗi Buhari heɓi laamu, limtii Obi e "gooto e ɓeen wonɓe e tooñanngeeji nde o woni e laamu guwerneer". == == 2010–2014 : Laamu ɗiɗmu == ==== Fiilngo ==== ==== Ƴeew kadi: ==== == Fiilngo guwerneer diiwaan Anambra 2010 == == Ñalnde 7 feebariyee 2010, Obi heɓi woote guwerneer, o waɗi manndaa makko ɗiɗmo haa ñalnde 17 marse 2014, nde o lomtii ɗum ko Willie Obiano. Caggal wooteeji mawɗi 2015, hooreejo leydi Goodluck Jonathan toɗɗii Obi hooreejo komisiyoŋ kisal e mbaylaandi leydi Najeriya (SEC), e ñalnde 12 lewru Oktoobar 2018, Obi suɓaama ngam wonde ardiiɗo Atiku Abubakar e les njiimaandi lannda Demokaraasi Leƴƴi ngam wooteeji hooreejo leydi ndi ɗiɗaɓo ɓaawo jooɗiiɗo jooni Muhammadu Buhari mo APC. == == Kampaañiji hooreejo leydi == == Tuugnorgal == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Stub]] 0yxtym27v4x6k5siclxqmqdqgru1kq6 175711 175710 2026-06-22T18:51:31Z Ilya Discuss 10103 #1Lib1Ref 175711 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} == '''Peter Gregory Obi''' CON (jibinaa ko 19 lewru juko hitaande 1961) ko politikyanke e njulaagu leydi Najeriya, o woniino guwerneer diiwaan Anambra gila 17 mars 2006 haa ñalnde 2 noowammbar 2006. O artiraa e laamu ñalnde 9 feebariyee 2007 nde o woni ɗiɗaɓo haa o2006 timminii ñalnde 7 marse 2014. Obi ko tergal e fedde wiyeteende Afriknaajo gila 2025, o woniino kanndidaa hooreejo leydi e nder lannda Labour e wooteeji hooreejo leydi Najeriya 2023.<ref>{{cite web|last=Ayeni|first=Tofe|title=Nigeria: 10 Things About Peter Obi, Presidential Aspirant|website=[[The Africa Report]]|date=3 May 2022|url=https://www.theafricareport.com/199211/nigeria-10-things-about-peter-obi-presidential-aspirant/|access-date=15 May 2024|url-access=subscription|archive-date=15 May 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240515215648/https://www.theafricareport.com/199211/nigeria-10-things-about-peter-obi-presidential-aspirant/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|author1=Nduka Orjinmo|author2=Olivia Ndubuisi|title=Peter Obi: Di Labour Party Candidate Wey Dey Totori Young Nigerians|website=[[BBC News Pidgin]]|location=[[Lagos, Nigeria]]|date=19 January 2023|url=https://www.bbc.com/pidgin/64328892|access-date=15 May 2024|archive-date=12 February 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230212130428/https://www.bbc.com/pidgin/64328892|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Sun" /> == == Obi jibinaa ko to Onitsha, to diiwaan Anambra, to leydi Naajeeriya, o janngi to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Christ the King to Onitsha e to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Naajeeriya to Nsukka ngam jaŋde makko hakkundeere e jaŋde toownde. O golliima e banki ko adii nde o wontata politik timmuɗo caggal nde o tawtoraama e wooteeji guwerneeruuji diiwaan Anambra e hitaande 2003 e les njiimaandi APGA. O fooli ko Chris Ngige kono nafoore Ngige ndee, caggal ɗuum ñaawirdu nduu woppi ɗum, ko ɗum waɗi Obi wiyi ko kañum woni nafoore. O fuɗɗii laamu ko ñalnde 17 marse 2006. O ittii e laamu ko e asaambele dowla ñalnde 3 noowammbar 2006, tawi o siftinii « bonanndeeji bonɗi ». Cukko maako, Virginia Etiaba, lomtii mo, o woni debbo gadano guwerneer leydi Nigeria. Obi artiraa e laamu caggal nde ñaawirde ƴetti kuulal, o fuɗɗii laamu ñalnde 9 feebariyee 2007. Ñalnde 17 marse 2010, o artiraa e laamu ɗiɗaɓuru, ngu joofi ñalnde 17 marse 2014 nde o rokki laamu guwerneer cuɓaaɗo oo, hono Willie Obiano.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://allafrica.com/stories/200611030609.html|website=[[Daily Trust]]|publisher=[[AllAfrica]]|date=3 November 2006|access-date=7 January 2026}}</ref><ref name="Nigeria: Governors Impeached" /><ref>{{cite web|title=First Female Governor in Nigeria|website=[[BBC]]|date=3 November 2006|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/6112950.stm|access-date=7 January 2026}}</ref> == == Obi, les PDP, ɗaɓɓiti suɓol cukko hooreejo lesdi Naajeeriya nder hitaande 2019. E kanndidaajo hooreejo lesdi Naajeeriya Atiku Abubakar, ɓe ɗon mari haaje Muhammadu Buhari mo APC. Obi ummiima e lannda Labour e hitaande 2022. Patrick Utomi rokki mo tikket mum ngam suɓaade hooreejo leydi e nder wooteeji gadani lannda ka. O suɓi Yusuf Datti Baba-Ahmed ngam o laatoo cukko hooreejo lesdi Naajeeriya nder hitaande 2023, ammaa ɓe ɗon mari haaje suɓol hooreejo lesdi Naajeeriya e cukko hooreejo lesdi Bola Tinubu e Kashim Shettima. Kampaañ Obi ngam suɓaade hooreejo leydi siforaama ko no populist nii, haa teeŋti noon e riiwtude fedde wallidiiɓe wiyeteende « the Obidients ». == == Nguurndam e jaŋde puɗɗagol == == Obi jibinaa ko ñalnde 19 lewru juko hitaande 1961, to Onitsha, to diiwaan Anambra, to leydi Najeriya, e nder galle Kerecee’en dewondirɓe e wuro Agulu. O heɓi jaŋde makko hakkundeere to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Christ the King, to Onitsha, ɗo o heɓi duɗal makko to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Afrik worgo (WAEC). E hitaande 1980, o naati duɗal jaaɓi-haaɗtirde leydi Najeriya to Nsukka, to diiwaan Enugu, ɗo o janngi Filosofi haa o heɓi bakkaa makko e hitaande 1984. Obi janngi to duɗal jaaɓi-haaɗtirde njulaagu Lagos, to duɗal hakkunde leyɗeele ngam ƴellitaare njuɓɓudi to Siwis, to duɗal jaaɓi-haaɗtirde njulaagu Harvard, to duɗal jaaɓi-haaɗtirde njulaagu Saïd to Angalteer, to duɗal jaaɓi-haaɗtirde njulaagu Cambridge Judge to leydi Angalteer, e to duɗal jaaɓi-haaɗtirde njeeygu Cambridge Judge to Manage. == == Gomnaajo lesdi Anambra (2006-2014) == == 2003-2009 : Laamu gadano == ==== Wooteeji ==== == Ƴeew kadi: Fiilngo guwerneer diiwaan Anambra e hitaande 2003 == == Obi ɗon mari haaje suɓol hooreejo lesdi Anambra les kawtal hoore lesdi ndi'i nder hitaande 2003, Chris Ngige anndinaama. Nafoore Ngige e wooteeji ɗii, ko ñaawirde kuuge winndereere (Cour d’appel) fooli ɗum e hitaande 2006, caggal nde ñaawirde Enugu ƴetti kuulal ngal, holliti Obi ko kañum heɓi jaaltaaɓe e wooteeji 2003, o arti e laamu ñalnde 17 marse 2006.Impeachment e gartugol == == Obi ɗon ƴama laamu lesdi Naajeeriya nyande 2 lewru Noowaamburu hitaande 2006, nyalnde woore ɓaawo nde suudu kiita lesdi Naajeeriya ɗon fooɗa kuugal Rashidi Ladoja, guwerneer lesdi Oyo. E nder ciimtol jaaynde Daily Trust, Mike Balonwu, hooreejo suudu sarɗiiji leydi Anambra, yahiino to suudu sarɗiiji leydi Awka hedde waktu 5ɓo e feccere subaka e nder "kisal polis teeŋtuɗo" o ƴetti kuulal ngal Obi ƴetti. Ciimtol ngol hollitii wonde Balonwu e woɗɓe wonɓe e diiwaan hee, ummiima Awka, fayde Asaba, diiwaan Delta. O wiyi o ƴettataa suudu laamu nguu, e nder ɗuum Obi wiyi ina ñiŋa ƴaañgol ngol, o wiyi ko "kuulal ngal rewaani laawol, ngal rewaani laawol. Ƴettugol laamu nguu ko huunde tiiɗnde, fotnde waɗeede e nder ñalawma, wonaa e nder niɓɓere". E wiyde Obi, o humpitaaka ko feewti e ƴaañgol makko, o waawaano daranaade hoore makko. O wiyi depiteeji 12 ɗii mbaɗaani ko ɓuri heewde e tataɓe ɗiɗi ko ina haani ngam ustude laamu nguu. O hollitii kadi wonde juɓɓule ɗee ɗaɓɓirii cukko makko, hono Virginia Etiaba, nde artata e yeeso asaambele leydi ndii ngam hollirde deftere mum kono alaa ko o dañi e hoore makko [Obi], hay so tawii ko caggal ɗaɓɓaande awokaaji makko. Doosgal leydi Naajeeriya hollitii wonde "guwerneer leydi ndi walla cukko mum ina waawi ittude tan ko tataɓal ɗiɗi e nder terɗe suudu sarɗiiji leydi ndi". Balonwu ɓaawo man wi'i Obi ɗon ƴama laamu ɓaawo nde hukuumaaji pamari ɗin ɗon ƴama dow ko laarani hukuumaaji pamari ɗi'i, tawi o ɗon mari bawɗe 8 nder 11 ɗe o tuumaama. Virginia Etiaba lomtii mo e gardagol guwerneer. == == Caggal nde o salii tawtoreede woote guwerneeruuji diiwaan oo e hitaande 2007, Obi luulndiima ƴaañgol laamu. Ɗaɓɓaande makko ndee, ñaawirde toownde leydi Nijeer (Cour Suprême) ƴetti ɗum. Obi artiraa e laamu ñalnde 14 lewru juko hitaande 2007 caggal nde ñaawirdu ƴetti kuulal to fuɗnaange-rewo leydi Najeriya. Hooreejo suudu sarɗiiji leydi Anambra e fotde 23 tergal suɓiiɓe ngam ittude Obi e laamu, njaɓaani tawtoreede. E wiyde BBC, ko ngol woni laawol tataɓol ko guwerneer gooto riiwtata golle mum e hitaande 2006, tawi ko ñaawirɗe leydi Najeriya mbiyata ko ɗum huunde nde rewaani laawol. Mawɗo ñaawoore leydi ndi e ñaawooɓe tato woɗɓe ngoppitaama. == == Ñalnde 29 lewru Mbooy hitaande 2018, balloowo mawɗo keeriiɗo mo hooreejo leydi ndii Muhammadu Buhari to bannge jaayndeeji e jaayndeeji, Malam Garba Shehu, e nder winndannde yaltunde ngam siftorde duuɓi tati ɗi Buhari heɓi laamu, limtii Obi e "gooto e ɓeen ɓe tooñanngeeji mum ngoni e laamu Guwerneer". == == 2010–2014 : Laamu ɗiɗmu == ==== Fiilngo ==== == Ƴeew kadi: Fiilngo guwerneer diiwaan Anambra 2010 == == Ñalnde 7 feebariyee 2010, Obi heɓi woote guwerneer, o waɗi manndaa makko ɗiɗmo haa ñalnde 17 marse 2014, nde o lomtii ɗum ko Willie Obiano. Caggal wooteeji mawɗi 2015, hooreejo leydi Goodluck Jonathan toɗɗii Obi hooreejo komisiyoŋ kisal e mbaylaandi leydi Najeriya (SEC), e ñalnde 12 lewru Oktoobar 2018, Obi suɓaama ngam wonde ardiiɗo Atiku Abubakar e les njiimaandi lannda Demokaraasi Leƴƴi ngam wooteeji hooreejo leydi ndi ɗiɗaɓo ɓaawo jooɗiiɗo jooni Muhammadu Buhari mo APC. == == Kampaañiji hooreejo leydi == == woote 2023 == == Kawye == == Winndannde mawnde: Fiilngo hooreejo leydi Naajeeriya 2023 § Kampaañ == == Ñalnde 24 lewru marse hitaande 2022, Obi hollitii anniya mum ngam suɓaade hooreejo leydi Najeriya e les lannda, lannda yimɓe (PDP). Caggal ɗuum, o yalti, o hollitii wonde maa o ardo e les lannda Labour e nokku makko. E wiyde jaaynde Naajeeriya wiyeteende Peoples Gazette, Obi winndiino ardiiɓe PDP ñalnde 24 lewru Mbooy hitaande 2022, ngam yo ɓe ndarto terɗe maɓɓe, kadi ina wiyee o wullitiima no feewi e ñamlude depiteeji e soodde wooteeji e nder wooteeji gardagol leydi ndii, o hollitii wonde ina woodi lannda gollondirde e makko c. Obi ɗon mari haaje filu e darnde maako bana kanndidaajo mawɗo mo walaa kawtal bee lanndaaji ɗiɗi mawɗi lesdi Naajeeriya, ɗum waɗi o nanndi bee Emmanuel Macron, o waɗi suɓol hooreejo lesdi Farayse nder hitaande 2017. == == ƊooftiiɓeGomnaajo lesdi Anambra (2006-2014) == == 2003-2009 : Laamu gadano == ==== Wooteeji ==== == Ƴeew kadi: Fiilngo guwerneer diiwaan Anambra e hitaande 2003 == == Obi ɗon mari haaje suɓol hooreejo lesdi Anambra les kawtal hoore lesdi ndi'i nder hitaande 2003, Chris Ngige anndinaama. Nafoore Ngige e wooteeji ɗii, ko ñaawirde kuuge winndereere (Cour d’appel) fooli ɗum e hitaande 2006, caggal nde ñaawirde Enugu ƴetti kuulal ngal, holliti Obi ko kañum heɓi jaaltaaɓe e wooteeji 2003, o arti e laamu ñalnde 17 marse 2006. == ==== Impeachment e gartugol ==== == Obi ɗon ƴama laamu lesdi Naajeeriya nyande 2 lewru Noowaamburu hitaande 2006, nyalde woore ɓaawo kiitaaji lesdi Naajeeriya ɗon fooɗa Rashidi Ladoja, guwerneer lesdi Oyo. E nder ciimtol jaaynde Daily Trust, Mike Balonwu, hooreejo suudu sarɗiiji leydi Anambra, yahiino to suudu sarɗiiji leydi Awka hedde waktu 5ɓo e feccere subaka e nder "kisal polis teeŋtuɗo" o ƴetti kuulal ngal Obi ƴetti. Ciimtol ngol hollitii wonde Balonwu e woɗɓe wonɓe e diiwaan hee, ummiima Awka, fayde Asaba, diiwaan Delta. O wiyi o ƴettataa suudu laamu nguu, e nder ɗuum Obi wiyi ina ñiŋa ƴaañgol ngol, o wiyi ko "kuulal ngal rewaani laawol, ngal rewaani laawol. Ƴettugol laamu nguu ko huunde tiiɗnde, fotnde waɗeede e nder ñalawma, wonaa e nder niɓɓere". E wiyde Obi, o humpitaaka ko feewti e ƴaañgol makko, o waawaano daranaade hoore makko. O wiyi depiteeji 12 ɗii mbaɗaani ko ɓuri heewde e tataɓe ɗiɗi ko ina haani ngam ustude laamu nguu. O hollitii kadi wonde juɓɓule ɗee ɗaɓɓirii cukko makko, hono Virginia Etiaba, nde artata e yeeso asaambele leydi ndii ngam hollirde deftere mum kono alaa ko o dañi e hoore makko [Obi], hay so tawii ko caggal ɗaɓɓaande awokaaji makko. Doosgal leydi Naajeeriya hollitii wonde "guwerneer leydi ndi walla cukko mum ina waawi ittude tan ko tataɓal ɗiɗi e nder terɗe suudu sarɗiiji leydi ndi". Balonwu ɓaawo man wi'i Obi ɗon ƴama laamu ɓaawo nde hukuumaaji pamari ɗin ɗon ƴama dow ko laarani hukuumaaji pamari ɗi'i, tawi o ɗon mari bawɗe 8 nder 11 ɗe o tuumaama. Virginia Etiaba lomtii mo e gardagol guwerneer. == == Caggal nde o salii tawtoreede woote guwerneeruuji diiwaan oo e hitaande 2007, Obi luulndiima ƴaañgol laamu. Ɗaɓɓaande makko ndee, ñaawirde toownde leydi Nijeer (Cour Suprême) ƴetti ɗum. Obi artiraa e laamu ñalnde 14 lewru juko hitaande 2007 caggal nde ñaawirde ƴetti kuulal to bannge worgo-fuɗnaange leydi Najeriya.Hooreejo suudu sarɗiiji leydi Anambra e fotde 23 terɗe wootnooɗe ngam ittude Obi e laamu, njaɓaani tawtoreede. E wiyde BBC, ko ngol woni laawol tataɓol ko guwerneer gooto riiwtata golle mum e hitaande 2006, tawi ko ñaawirɗe leydi Najeriya mbiyata ko ɗum huunde nde rewaani laawol. Mawɗo ñaawoore leydi ndi e ñaawooɓe tato woɗɓe ngoppitaa. == == Ñalnde 29 lewru Mbooy hitaande 2018, balloowo mawɗo keeriiɗo mo hooreejo leydi ndii Muhammadu Buhari to bannge jaayndeeji e jaayndeeji, Malam Garba Shehu, e nder winndannde yaltunde ngam siftorde duuɓi tati ɗi Buhari heɓi laamu, limtii Obi e "gooto e ɓeen wonɓe e tooñanngeeji nde o woni e laamu guwerneer". == == 2010–2014 : Laamu ɗiɗmu == ==== Fiilngo ==== ==== Ƴeew kadi: ==== == Fiilngo guwerneer diiwaan Anambra 2010 == == Ñalnde 7 feebariyee 2010, Obi heɓi woote guwerneer, o waɗi manndaa makko ɗiɗmo haa ñalnde 17 marse 2014, nde o lomtii ɗum ko Willie Obiano. Caggal wooteeji mawɗi 2015, hooreejo leydi Goodluck Jonathan toɗɗii Obi hooreejo komisiyoŋ kisal e mbaylaandi leydi Najeriya (SEC), e ñalnde 12 lewru Oktoobar 2018, Obi suɓaama ngam wonde ardiiɗo Atiku Abubakar e les njiimaandi lannda Demokaraasi Leƴƴi ngam wooteeji hooreejo leydi ndi ɗiɗaɓo ɓaawo jooɗiiɗo jooni Muhammadu Buhari mo APC. == == Kampaañiji hooreejo leydi == == Tuugnorgal == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Stub]] 8z8eh92qaj8ghh0f82a9tt1c5q768yn 0 6195 175993 36801 2026-06-23T11:10:22Z Isa Oumar 9821 175993 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Type 89 Yi-Go at Tsuchira.jpg|thumb|Gomnaajo diiwal Kaduna haa laamu solja]] {{Databox}}''' Abubakar Tanko Ayuba''' nɗum daññi Abubakar Tanko Ayuba ñalde 12 nder liiyrusuumaye nder wawɓe 1945. o halartake [[ janngirde]] solji'en e [[Janngirde]] kowtiirbe nder jaji e hiitade ɗowgu aliif 1978 ,nɗen e MNI National institute for policy & Strategic studies, Kuru. Nder solji'en mben haa o laatake komknndaajo alaamaaji jawleeru solji'en haa kadi nden e lattiiɗo mawɗo janarjo. A less ardungal laamu solja o lamminaama dow ministaakow fottugo, Gomnaajo laamu solja ɗum diiwal [[Kaduna]], hooreejo yahugo e hooreejo mafufaaji tsaaruujj.Ɗum ɓiliimo Gomnaajo diiwal [[Kaduna]] e [[lewru]] saaban haa hiitade ɗumngu aliif 1990 wakkatiire laamu soojiijo [[Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida]], O hokki laamu dun haa Gomnaajo subtaaɗo Mohammed Dabo lere e [[lewru]] haaram ru nder ɗumngu aliif 1992 nde finnanɗe jamhuuriyawal tataɓal dun [[Naajeeriya]] nder nɗi ruuri reedu. ==kuuɗe majaliisu ɗotti'en== ɗun subti e Les cuɓal partiwal [[people Democratic party]] (PDP) e lewru haaram sakitiiɗu ɗumngu 2007 . O ɓilaama dow hakkilanngo tayaaka e Gollital harkaaji jandarma'e , solji'en ndiyam e siryaago lesdi,hawtugo e kawtal Hore reenugo e solji'en e fottugo nder lewru haaram ru 2008 , Taskarawal leadership ngal rawaytoyke Ayuba eder sanata'en artuuɓe mɓe ɗun haɗii subtal muu'en Amma wiiki emo teefa caawoori yaahki laamu. E lewru suumaye O hokkora jammingo ɗun [[Nalson Mandela]] Gold Award' Sabo'e booɗuuki ardungal e ardaaki ummaatoore [1] ==HIIMOƁE== 1. ↑ https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Abubakar_Tanko_Ayuba "Sen. Abubakar Tanko Ayuba". National Assembly of Nigeria. Archived from the original on 2016-03-03. Retrieved 2009-11-17. "Nigerian States". WorldStatesmen. Archived from the original on 28 May 2010. Retrieved 2010-05-27. Ben Adoga (18 January 2008). "Tribunal - How Many Senators to Fall Victim?". Leadership (Abuja). Retrieved 2009-11-17. Stephen Odoi-Larbi (5 September 2008). "Holy Trinity Boss Wins Award". The Ghanaian Chronicle. Retrieved 2009-11-17. p0q7e5q7cjehxttxuednk8y7bwipgge 175995 175993 2026-06-23T11:11:20Z Isa Oumar 9821 175995 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}''' Abubakar Tanko Ayuba''' nɗum daññi Abubakar Tanko Ayuba ñalde 12 nder liiyrusuumaye nder wawɓe 1945. o halartake [[ janngirde]] solji'en e [[Janngirde]] kowtiirbe nder jaji e hiitade ɗowgu aliif 1978 ,nɗen e MNI National institute for policy & Strategic studies, Kuru. Nder solji'en mben haa o laatake komknndaajo alaamaaji jawleeru solji'en haa kadi nden e lattiiɗo mawɗo janarjo. A less ardungal laamu solja o lamminaama dow ministaakow fottugo, Gomnaajo laamu solja ɗum diiwal [[Kaduna]], hooreejo yahugo e hooreejo mafufaaji tsaaruujj.Ɗum ɓiliimo Gomnaajo diiwal [[Kaduna]] e [[lewru]] saaban haa hiitade ɗumngu aliif 1990 wakkatiire laamu soojiijo [[Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida]], O hokki laamu dun haa Gomnaajo subtaaɗo Mohammed Dabo lere e [[lewru]] haaram ru nder ɗumngu aliif 1992 nde finnanɗe jamhuuriyawal tataɓal dun [[Naajeeriya]] nder nɗi ruuri reedu. ==kuuɗe majaliisu ɗotti'en== ɗun subti e Les cuɓal partiwal [[people Democratic party]] (PDP) e lewru haaram sakitiiɗu ɗumngu 2007 . O ɓilaama dow hakkilanngo tayaaka e Gollital harkaaji jandarma'e , solji'en ndiyam e siryaago lesdi,hawtugo e kawtal Hore reenugo e solji'en e fottugo nder lewru haaram ru 2008 , Taskarawal leadership ngal rawaytoyke Ayuba eder sanata'en artuuɓe mɓe ɗun haɗii subtal muu'en Amma wiiki emo teefa caawoori yaahki laamu. E lewru suumaye O hokkora jammingo ɗun [[Nalson Mandela]] Gold Award' Sabo'e booɗuuki ardungal e ardaaki ummaatoore [1][[File:Type 89 Yi-Go at Tsuchira.jpg|thumb|Gomnaajo diiwal Kaduna haa laamu solja]] ==HIIMOƁE== 1. ↑ https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Abubakar_Tanko_Ayuba "Sen. Abubakar Tanko Ayuba". National Assembly of Nigeria. Archived from the original on 2016-03-03. Retrieved 2009-11-17. "Nigerian States". WorldStatesmen. Archived from the original on 28 May 2010. Retrieved 2010-05-27. Ben Adoga (18 January 2008). "Tribunal - How Many Senators to Fall Victim?". Leadership (Abuja). Retrieved 2009-11-17. Stephen Odoi-Larbi (5 September 2008). "Holy Trinity Boss Wins Award". The Ghanaian Chronicle. Retrieved 2009-11-17. hwd8v2m1op8m95ark23ty8296so6chk 0 8196 175944 99514 2026-06-23T10:14:51Z Isa Oumar 9821 175944 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Roseline Sonayee Konya''' ko jannginoowo, ko o dawriyanke to leydi Najeriya, to leydi Khana, to diiwaan Rivers. Ko o jannginoowo to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Port Harcourt to bannge tookeeji e farmakoloji.<ref>{{cite web|author=|title=Konya Calls For Environmental Stewardship In Nigeria|url=http://www.uniport.edu.ng/news/featured/556-presidential-awards.html|accessdate=17 June 2016|website=[[University of Port Harcourt]]|date=}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|author=Davies Iheamnachor|title=Toxicologists raise alarm over pollutants in N-Delta communities Calls|url=http://www.vanguardngr.com/2015/04/toxicologists-raise-alarm-over-pollutants-in-n-delta-communities/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|accessdate=17 June 2016|date=28 April 2015|newspaper=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]]}}</ref> O woniino Komisinaajo ko feewti e nokkuuji[3] e nder kabine guwerneer Peter Odili, o toɗɗaama kadi e biro gooto e nder kabine guwerneer Ezenwo Nyesom Wike.[4] O woniino kadi hooreejo Komiseer golle laamu e hitaande 1997.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2018-05-27|title='Government agencies, others fuelling air pollution in Port Harcourt'|url=https://guardian.ng/saturday-magazine/cover/government-agencies-others-fuelling-air-pollution-in-port-harcourt/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=2022-04-07|newspaper=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]]|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=2018-05-27|title='Government agencies, others fuelling air pollution in Port Harcourt'|url=https://guardian.ng/saturday-magazine/cover/government-agencies-others-fuelling-air-pollution-in-port-harcourt/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=2022-04-07|newspaper=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]]|language=en-US}}</ref> == Baɗte e jaŋde == Jibinaa ko to wuro Buan, e nder diiwaan Khana, to diiwaan Rivers, to leydi Najeriya. Professeur Konya janngi haa janngirde lesdi Anglican St Arthur, Buan diga ton o yahi haa janngirde lesdi Mercy, Okigwe (nder lesdi Imo hannde, Naajeeriya) ngam jaangirde maako haa lesdi.[6] Ɗuum noon ko wolde hakkunde leyɗeele Najeriya, nde fuɗɗii ko e darorɗe hitaande 1967. E hitaande 1968, nde wolde ndee woni e jokkude, o naati e duɗal hakkundeewal Holy Rosary, Port Harcourt ɗo o jokki jaŋde makko hakkundeere haa hitaande 1969. Gila 1970 haa o janngi e hitaande 1971 Duɗal, Ibadan, ɗo o yahri to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde (CNAA), to leydi Angalteer, ɗo o heɓi B.Sc. e nder ganndal e hitaande 1976 e hitaande 1977 heɓi dipolom makko to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Loughborough. E hitaande 1984, Konya timmini jaŋde mum Doktoraa to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Brunel, to Londres.<ref>{{cite web|author=|title=Konya Calls For Environmental Stewardship In Nigeria|url=http://www.uniport.edu.ng/news/featured/556-presidential-awards.html|accessdate=17 June 2016|website=[[University of Port Harcourt]]|date=}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|author=Davies Iheamnachor|title=Toxicologists raise alarm over pollutants in N-Delta communities Calls|url=http://www.vanguardngr.com/2015/04/toxicologists-raise-alarm-over-pollutants-in-n-delta-communities/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|accessdate=17 June 2016|date=28 April 2015|newspaper=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]]}}</ref> == Kugal == Konya fuɗɗii golle mum ko balloowo jannginoowo to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Port Harcourt e hitaande 1979, caggal ɗuum o yahi to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Brunel, U.K ɗo o heɓi Ph.D makko. O arti leydi Naajeeriya e hitaande 1984, o jokki e jaŋde makko to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Port Harcourt. Ko adii nde o toɗɗaa Komiseer dowla Rivers to bannge taariindi, o joginoo golle keewɗe, ina jeyaa heen : * Hooreejo, Goomu leslesu Porotokol Goomu Noddaango (1990) * Gardiiɗo, Sosiyetee Delta (1991-1993)[8] * Komisariyaa, Komisariyaa gollordu laamu (1993–1996) * Hooreejo, Goomu golle laamu (1997–1999) * HOD, Departemaa Biyoloji Dabbaaji e Taariindi (2001–2003) * Tergal, Yiilirde Wagginoore Jaŋde, Duɗal Jaŋde Petroŋ (IPS)[citation needed] * Dean, Duɗal Jaŋde Toownde * Provost Pioneer, Duɗal Jaŋde Toownde <ref>{{Cite news|date=2019-05-17|title=Rivers govt sets up committee to tackle soot|url=https://punchng.com/rivers-govt-sets-up-committee-to-tackle-soot/|access-date=2022-04-12|newspaper=[[The Punch]]|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Isangedighi|first=Iyanam|date=2019-05-18|title=Rivers government sets up a technical committee to tackle soot|url=https://www.today.ng/news/nigeria/rivers-government-sets-technical-committee-tackle-soot-220992|access-date=2022-04-12|website=TODAY|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Yakubu|first=Okhumode H.|date=January 2018|title=Particle (Soot) Pollution in Port Harcourt Rivers State, Nigeria—Double Air Pollution Burden? Understanding and Tackling Potential Environmental Public Health Impacts|journal=Environments|language=en|volume=5|issue=1|pages=2|doi=10.3390/environments5010002|issn=2076-3298|doi-access=free}}</ref> * E hitaande 2003, Konya heɓi darnde porfeseer to bannge ganndal daabaaji e nokkuuji. * Ko kanko woni hooreejo, Goomu karallaagal ngam yuɓɓinde wasiyaaji ciimtol laamu dowri Rivers ko faati e Soot == Njeenaaje == Njeenaari Ardungal Teddungal nder Teknoloji Taariindi ndi Fedde Filu Biritaniya hokki ngam anndingo kuuɗe mawɗe e darnde ardungal nder hitaande 2004. * O limtaama e nder njeenaari OMS IS WHO ngam ƴellitde ganndal njuɓɓudi e lewru oktoobar, 2008 * Njeenaari Merit ndi Fedde janngooɓe Biyoloji Daabaaji e Taariindi rokki ɗum ko jannginoowo ɓurɗo waawde - Seeɗto, 2010 * Njeenaari ndi Goomu Dekanuuji e Provostuuji Duɗal Jaaɓi-haaɗtirde (CDPGS) to leydi Najeriya – lewru Duujal, 2012[13] == Nguurndam neɗɗo == Roseline Konya resndi ɗum ko maayɗo Barido Konya, o dañi ɓiɓɓe tato.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2019-05-17|title=Rivers govt sets up committee to tackle soot|url=https://punchng.com/rivers-govt-sets-up-committee-to-tackle-soot/|access-date=2022-04-12|newspaper=[[The Punch]]|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Isangedighi|first=Iyanam|date=2019-05-18|title=Rivers government sets up a technical committee to tackle soot|url=https://www.today.ng/news/nigeria/rivers-government-sets-technical-committee-tackle-soot-220992|access-date=2022-04-12|website=TODAY|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Yakubu|first=Okhumode H.|date=January 2018|title=Particle (Soot) Pollution in Port Harcourt Rivers State, Nigeria—Double Air Pollution Burden? Understanding and Tackling Potential Environmental Public Health Impacts|journal=Environments|language=en|volume=5|issue=1|pages=2|doi=10.3390/environments5010002|issn=2076-3298|doi-access=free}}</ref> Ko kanko woni hooreejo gadano fedde Konseeruuji Metodist en – Arsidiyooseeji Port Harcourt ; e debbo gadano gonɗo e nder diiwaanuuji Rivers e Bayelsa. == Tuugnorgal == [[Category:Stub]] 46cyvb0om6cxx1d76j5jbytdj3i6erl 175947 175944 2026-06-23T10:16:04Z Isa Oumar 9821 175947 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}'''Roseline Sonayee Konya''' ko jannginoowo, ko o dawriyanke to leydi Najeriya, to leydi Khana, to diiwaan Rivers. Ko o jannginoowo to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Port Harcourt to bannge tookeeji e farmakoloji.<ref>{{cite web|author=|title=Konya Calls For Environmental Stewardship In Nigeria|url=http://www.uniport.edu.ng/news/featured/556-presidential-awards.html|accessdate=17 June 2016|website=[[University of Port Harcourt]]|date=}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|author=Davies Iheamnachor|title=Toxicologists raise alarm over pollutants in N-Delta communities Calls|url=http://www.vanguardngr.com/2015/04/toxicologists-raise-alarm-over-pollutants-in-n-delta-communities/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|accessdate=17 June 2016|date=28 April 2015|newspaper=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]]}}</ref> O woniino Komisinaajo ko feewti e nokkuuji[3] e nder kabine guwerneer Peter Odili, o toɗɗaama kadi e biro gooto e nder kabine guwerneer Ezenwo Nyesom Wike.[4] O woniino kadi hooreejo Komiseer golle laamu e hitaande 1997.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2018-05-27|title='Government agencies, others fuelling air pollution in Port Harcourt'|url=https://guardian.ng/saturday-magazine/cover/government-agencies-others-fuelling-air-pollution-in-port-harcourt/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=2022-04-07|newspaper=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]]|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=2018-05-27|title='Government agencies, others fuelling air pollution in Port Harcourt'|url=https://guardian.ng/saturday-magazine/cover/government-agencies-others-fuelling-air-pollution-in-port-harcourt/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=2022-04-07|newspaper=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]]|language=en-US}}</ref> == Baɗte e jaŋde == Jibinaa ko to wuro Buan, e nder diiwaan Khana, to diiwaan Rivers, to leydi Najeriya. Professeur Konya janngi haa janngirde lesdi Anglican St Arthur, Buan diga ton o yahi haa janngirde lesdi Mercy, Okigwe (nder lesdi Imo hannde, Naajeeriya) ngam jaangirde maako haa lesdi.[6] Ɗuum noon ko wolde hakkunde leyɗeele Najeriya, nde fuɗɗii ko e darorɗe hitaande 1967. E hitaande 1968, nde wolde ndee woni e jokkude, o naati e duɗal hakkundeewal Holy Rosary, Port Harcourt ɗo o jokki jaŋde makko hakkundeere haa hitaande 1969. Gila 1970 haa o janngi e hitaande 1971 Duɗal, Ibadan, ɗo o yahri to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde (CNAA), to leydi Angalteer, ɗo o heɓi B.Sc. e nder ganndal e hitaande 1976 e hitaande 1977 heɓi dipolom makko to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Loughborough. E hitaande 1984, Konya timmini jaŋde mum Doktoraa to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Brunel, to Londres.<ref>{{cite web|author=|title=Konya Calls For Environmental Stewardship In Nigeria|url=http://www.uniport.edu.ng/news/featured/556-presidential-awards.html|accessdate=17 June 2016|website=[[University of Port Harcourt]]|date=}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|author=Davies Iheamnachor|title=Toxicologists raise alarm over pollutants in N-Delta communities Calls|url=http://www.vanguardngr.com/2015/04/toxicologists-raise-alarm-over-pollutants-in-n-delta-communities/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|accessdate=17 June 2016|date=28 April 2015|newspaper=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]]}}</ref> == Kugal == Konya fuɗɗii golle mum ko balloowo jannginoowo to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Port Harcourt e hitaande 1979, caggal ɗuum o yahi to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Brunel, U.K ɗo o heɓi Ph.D makko. O arti leydi Naajeeriya e hitaande 1984, o jokki e jaŋde makko to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Port Harcourt. Ko adii nde o toɗɗaa Komiseer dowla Rivers to bannge taariindi, o joginoo golle keewɗe, ina jeyaa heen : * Hooreejo, Goomu leslesu Porotokol Goomu Noddaango (1990) * Gardiiɗo, Sosiyetee Delta (1991-1993)[8] * Komisariyaa, Komisariyaa gollordu laamu (1993–1996) * Hooreejo, Goomu golle laamu (1997–1999) * HOD, Departemaa Biyoloji Dabbaaji e Taariindi (2001–2003) * Tergal, Yiilirde Wagginoore Jaŋde, Duɗal Jaŋde Petroŋ (IPS)[citation needed] * Dean, Duɗal Jaŋde Toownde * Provost Pioneer, Duɗal Jaŋde Toownde <ref>{{Cite news|date=2019-05-17|title=Rivers govt sets up committee to tackle soot|url=https://punchng.com/rivers-govt-sets-up-committee-to-tackle-soot/|access-date=2022-04-12|newspaper=[[The Punch]]|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Isangedighi|first=Iyanam|date=2019-05-18|title=Rivers government sets up a technical committee to tackle soot|url=https://www.today.ng/news/nigeria/rivers-government-sets-technical-committee-tackle-soot-220992|access-date=2022-04-12|website=TODAY|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Yakubu|first=Okhumode H.|date=January 2018|title=Particle (Soot) Pollution in Port Harcourt Rivers State, Nigeria—Double Air Pollution Burden? Understanding and Tackling Potential Environmental Public Health Impacts|journal=Environments|language=en|volume=5|issue=1|pages=2|doi=10.3390/environments5010002|issn=2076-3298|doi-access=free}}</ref> * E hitaande 2003, Konya heɓi darnde porfeseer to bannge ganndal daabaaji e nokkuuji. * Ko kanko woni hooreejo, Goomu karallaagal ngam yuɓɓinde wasiyaaji ciimtol laamu dowri Rivers ko faati e Soot == Njeenaaje == Njeenaari Ardungal Teddungal nder Teknoloji Taariindi ndi Fedde Filu Biritaniya hokki ngam anndingo kuuɗe mawɗe e darnde ardungal nder hitaande 2004. * O limtaama e nder njeenaari OMS IS WHO ngam ƴellitde ganndal njuɓɓudi e lewru oktoobar, 2008 * Njeenaari Merit ndi Fedde janngooɓe Biyoloji Daabaaji e Taariindi rokki ɗum ko jannginoowo ɓurɗo waawde - Seeɗto, 2010 * Njeenaari ndi Goomu Dekanuuji e Provostuuji Duɗal Jaaɓi-haaɗtirde (CDPGS) to leydi Najeriya – lewru Duujal, 2012[13] == Nguurndam neɗɗo == Roseline Konya resndi ɗum ko maayɗo Barido Konya, o dañi ɓiɓɓe tato.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2019-05-17|title=Rivers govt sets up committee to tackle soot|url=https://punchng.com/rivers-govt-sets-up-committee-to-tackle-soot/|access-date=2022-04-12|newspaper=[[The Punch]]|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Isangedighi|first=Iyanam|date=2019-05-18|title=Rivers government sets up a technical committee to tackle soot|url=https://www.today.ng/news/nigeria/rivers-government-sets-technical-committee-tackle-soot-220992|access-date=2022-04-12|website=TODAY|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Yakubu|first=Okhumode H.|date=January 2018|title=Particle (Soot) Pollution in Port Harcourt Rivers State, Nigeria—Double Air Pollution Burden? Understanding and Tackling Potential Environmental Public Health Impacts|journal=Environments|language=en|volume=5|issue=1|pages=2|doi=10.3390/environments5010002|issn=2076-3298|doi-access=free}}</ref> Ko kanko woni hooreejo gadano fedde Konseeruuji Metodist en – Arsidiyooseeji Port Harcourt ; e debbo gadano gonɗo e nder diiwaanuuji Rivers e Bayelsa. == Tuugnorgal == [[Category:Stub]] 3xhddainxs2hm7zoc6qiif2natj5pbt 0 9697 175920 98834 2026-06-23T10:03:29Z Sardeeq 14292 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1359942724|Olaka Nwogu]]" 175920 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Olaka Nwogu''' (jibinaa ko 26 lewru Yarkomaa 1965) ko gorko njulaagu, golloowo laamu e politikyanke mo wonnoo tergal suudu sarɗiiji gila 1999 haa 2011 ngam lannda yimɓe . O lomtii diiwaan Tai-Eleme-Oyigbo. Ko adii nde o suɓetee e suudu sarɗiiji, o woniino meer (hooreejo) nokku laamu nokku Eleme to [[Diiwal River|Rivers State]] . E lewru marse 2015, o foolii jooɗorde senaateer to Asaambele ngenndi, o dañii 408 353 woote, o fooli senaateer jooɗiiɗo jooni oo, [[Magnus Ngei Abe|hono Magnus Abe,]] mo [[APC|Kongres All Progressives]], kono caggal ɗuum o fooli e ñaawirdu nduu. Gaagaa golle makko politik, Nwogu ina jokki e golle njulaagu. Ko kanko woni hannde hooreejo e hooreejo otel Landmark to D-line e sosiyatee mahngo Hinterland to Eleme. [1] == Jaangirde == Nwogu heɓi dipoloma mum ko fayti e Marketing to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Port Harcourt, caggal ɗuum o heɓi dipoloma makko ko fayti e njuɓɓudi njulaagu to duɗal ngal. == Ƴeew kadi == * Doggol yimɓe ummoriiɓe to Rivers State == Tuugnorgal == [[Category:Yimɓe wuurɓe]] bgxznnkleu3jjzd8hib5ksmzbhjqd98 175921 175920 2026-06-23T10:04:01Z Sardeeq 14292 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1359942724|Olaka Nwogu]]" 175921 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Olaka Nwogu''' (jibinaa ko 26 lewru Yarkomaa 1965) ko gorko njulaagu, golloowo laamu e politikyanke mo wonnoo tergal suudu sarɗiiji gila 1999 haa 2011 ngam lannda yimɓe . O lomtii diiwaan Tai-Eleme-Oyigbo. Ko adii nde o suɓetee e suudu sarɗiiji, o woniino meer (hooreejo) nokku laamu nokku Eleme to [[Diiwal River|Rivers State]] . E lewru marse 2015, o foolii jooɗorde senaateer to Asaambele ngenndi, o dañii 408 353 woote, o fooli senaateer jooɗiiɗo jooni oo, [[Magnus Ngei Abe|hono Magnus Abe,]] mo [[APC|Kongres All Progressives]], kono caggal ɗuum o fooli e ñaawirdu nduu. <ref>Onukwugha, Anayo (24 September 2010). "Bankole Moves to Save Rivers' Lawmakers". Leadership. Retrieved 1 April 2015 – via AllAfrica.</ref> Gaagaa golle makko politik, Nwogu ina jokki e golle njulaagu. Ko kanko woni hannde hooreejo e hooreejo otel Landmark to D-line e sosiyatee mahngo Hinterland to Eleme. [1] == Jaangirde == Nwogu heɓi dipoloma mum ko fayti e Marketing to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Port Harcourt, caggal ɗuum o heɓi dipoloma makko ko fayti e njuɓɓudi njulaagu to duɗal ngal. == Ƴeew kadi == * Doggol yimɓe ummoriiɓe to Rivers State == Tuugnorgal == [[Category:Yimɓe wuurɓe]] h4cjacbfeur7jiw6wxi9vuwfhhzf69f 175923 175921 2026-06-23T10:04:18Z Sardeeq 14292 175923 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Olaka Nwogu''' (jibinaa ko 26 lewru Yarkomaa 1965) ko gorko njulaagu, golloowo laamu e politikyanke mo wonnoo tergal suudu sarɗiiji gila 1999 haa 2011 ngam lannda yimɓe . O lomtii diiwaan Tai-Eleme-Oyigbo. Ko adii nde o suɓetee e suudu sarɗiiji, o woniino meer (hooreejo) nokku laamu nokku Eleme to [[Diiwal River|Rivers State]] . E lewru marse 2015, o foolii jooɗorde senaateer to Asaambele ngenndi, o dañii 408 353 woote, o fooli senaateer jooɗiiɗo jooni oo, [[Magnus Ngei Abe|hono Magnus Abe,]] mo [[APC|Kongres All Progressives]], kono caggal ɗuum o fooli e ñaawirdu nduu. <ref>Onukwugha, Anayo (24 September 2010). "Bankole Moves to Save Rivers' Lawmakers". Leadership. Retrieved 1 April 2015 – via AllAfrica.</ref> Gaagaa golle makko politik, Nwogu ina jokki e golle njulaagu. Ko kanko woni hannde hooreejo e hooreejo otel Landmark to D-line e sosiyatee mahngo Hinterland to Eleme. [1] == Jaangirde == Nwogu heɓi dipoloma mum ko fayti e Marketing to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Port Harcourt, caggal ɗuum o heɓi dipoloma makko ko fayti e njuɓɓudi njulaagu to duɗal ngal. == Ƴeew kadi == * Doggol yimɓe ummoriiɓe to Rivers State == Tuugnorgal == [[Category:Yimɓe wuurɓe]] 2n18b1c0r9g2szrp5pfc2mx5pn32vt4 0 9921 175676 45021 2026-06-22T14:58:26Z Isa Oumar 9821 175676 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Joseph Atubokiki Ajienka''' (jibinaa ko ñalnde 10 lewru bowte hitaande 1955) ko jannginoowo to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Port Harcourt, to diiwaan Rivers, to leydi Najeriya. E gardagol makko, duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Port Harcourt woni 6ɓo e nder Afrik e 1ɓo e nder leydi Najeriya e nder wiɗtooji baɗeteeɗi e nder jaŋde toownde Times (THE).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cvcnigeria.org/en/vice-chancellors/?id=103|title=:: Professor Joseph Ajienka - CVC Nigeria ::|date=18 August 2020|publisher=}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.diamondeducationmagazine.com/universities-should-embrace-approach-to-research-uniport-ajienka/|title=Universities should embrace Approach to Research UNIPORT – Ajienka|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141206201951/http://www.diamondeducationmagazine.com/universities-should-embrace-approach-to-research-uniport-ajienka/|archivedate=2014-12-06}}</ref> == Nguurndam e golle == O jibinaa ko ñalnde 10 lewru bowte hitaande 1955 to Okrika, wuro mawngo e nokku laamu nokkuyankeewo e nder diiwaan Rivers, leydi Najeriya. O naati duɗal sukaaɓe Okrika kono o heɓi seedantaagal duɗal Afrik hirnaange to duɗal hakkundeewal laamu to wuro Borokiri, Port Harcourt.[7][8] O heɓi dipolom makko ko fayti e ganndal petroŋ to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Ibadan e dipolom makko master e Doktoraa (Ph. D) to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Port Harcourt e hitaande 1986 e hitaande 1990. O fuɗɗii golle to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Port Harcourt e hitaande 1982, o woni balloowo dipolomaaji to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde petroŋ ɗo o toɗɗaa caggal ɗuum professeur to bannge ganndal petroŋ.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.icarnigeria.org/members.php|title=Members|publisher=|access-date=2014-11-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141115232633/http://icarnigeria.org/members.php|archive-date=2014-11-15|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.icarnigeria.org/members.php|title=Members|publisher=|access-date=2014-11-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141115232633/http://icarnigeria.org/members.php|archive-date=2014-11-15|url-status=dead}}</ref> Ciimtol toɗɗagol mawngol e anndinde Hooreejo Fedde Jaagorgal Jaaɓi-haaɗtirde Naajeeriya (AVCNU), 2014/15 Hooreejo Goomu cukko hooreejo (CVC) duɗe jaaɓi-haaɗtirde fedde nde, 2014/15 Cukko hooreejo 7ɓo, Duɗal Jaaɓi-haaɗtirde Port Harcourt, 2010-2015 Gardiiɗo Pioneer, Duɗal Jaŋde Petroŋ (IPS), Duɗal Jaaɓi-haaɗtirde PH, 2003-2010 Gardiiɗo departemaa Innjiniyaaruuji petroŋ e gaas, 1995-1997<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cvcnigeria.org/en/vice-chancellors/?id=103|title=:: Professor Joseph Ajienka - CVC Nigeria ::|date=18 August 2020|publisher=}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.diamondeducationmagazine.com/universities-should-embrace-approach-to-research-uniport-ajienka/|title=Universities should embrace Approach to Research UNIPORT – Ajienka|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141206201951/http://www.diamondeducationmagazine.com/universities-should-embrace-approach-to-research-uniport-ajienka/|archivedate=2014-12-06}}</ref> Koolaaɗo kuuɓal, M. Eng Porogaraam Innjiniyaaruuji nokkuuji, Duɗal Innjiniyaaruuji, Duɗal Jaaɓi-haaɗtirde Port Harcourt, 2000-2003 Emmanuel Egbogah Hooreejo ganndal petroŋ, to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Port Harcourt, 2005-hannde Tergal, Kawtal laamu, Duɗal jaaɓi-haaɗtirde Port Harcourt, 2006-2007 Hooreejo, Goomu koɗki duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Port Harcourt, 2006-2010 Tergal, Yiilirde Duɗal Jaaɓi-haaɗtirde, Duɗal jaaɓi-haaɗtirde Port Harcourt, 2002-2010 Hooreejo, Goomu seminaaji e janngirɗe duɗe jaaɓi haaɗtirde, 2006-2010 Hooreejo 25ɓiire Duɗal Jaŋde Toownde, Duɗal Jaaɓi-haaɗtirde PH, 2008 Fedde e terɗe Iwdi:[10] * Fellow mo Akademi Innjiniyaaku Naajeeriya[11] * Tergal nder Duɗal Njuɓɓudi e wiɗtooɓe leydi Naajeeriya[12] * Fedde Innjiilaaji Naajeeriya * Fellow, Fedde Taariindi Naajeeriya * Fellow, Duɗal Njuɓɓudi Naajeeriya * Fellow, Duɗal annduɓe kisal leydi Naajeeriya * Fedde, Duɗal ganndal petroŋ * Fellow, Duɗal Njuɓɓudi gollorɗe * Teddungal e njeenaaje * Paul Haris Fedde (Fedde Rotary), hitaande 2012 * Tiitoonde laamu: Enyi Oha mo Ebem Ohafiya, hitaande 2012 * Njeenaari winndereeri NREP ngam karallaagal e jaŋde toownde (2009) * Hooreejo fedde Standard Naajeeriya Goomu petroŋ dow (2009), suɓaama * Suɓaama ngam tawtoreede batu hakkunde leyɗeele TOTAL ko faati e semmbe e jaŋde, lewru noowammbar 2007, Pari * Njeenaari diiwaan Afrik SPE ngam peewnugol e golle, 2008 * Njeenaari mawndi ndi Naajeeriya heɓi, (Moy woni Mo nder duuɓi 50 nder Petrol e Gaas nder Naajeeriya), lewru Ogost 2008 yuɓɓini ɗum bee nanta Naajeeriya Energy Chronicles Fedde Rotary to Ogbor Hill Aba, hitaande 2000 Ɓataake njettoor ummoraade e Goomu toɗɗagol e ƴellitgol (Academic) to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Port Harcourt ngam golle maantiniiɗe e yeewtere ngam heɓde posto porfeseer * Jannginoowo njillu, Departemaa Fuel e Semmbe, Duɗal Jaaɓi-haaɗtirde Leeds, U.K., Diiso Biritaan walli Duɗal Jaaɓi-haaɗtirde Leeds/Uniport Energy Link (28 feebariyee -31 marse 1992). * Ambasadeer kisal, njeenaari kisal ISPON 2014 * Njeenaari teddungal, Faculté Jaŋde, Duɗal Jaaɓi-haaɗtirde Port Harcourt, e nder hitaande 100 Jaŋde e nder leydi Najeriya, ñalnde 11 noowammbar 2014 * Njeenaari ardiiɓe Afrik, Parlemaa Dental Janngooɓe Afrik, ASUP, lewru Seeɗto 2014 * Njeenaari teddungal, ñalngu 3ɓo binnditagol, ñalnde 29 oktoobar 2014 * Njeenaari nokku ɓurɗo moƴƴude ngam gaas, refining e petrookimikaaji, PH, 2014 * Njeenaari njeenaari, Faculté de l’Agriculture, Ñalngu Adunaaru Nguura, 2014 * Njeenaari ɓurndi moƴƴude, Fedde Laboratoori Cafrirɗe. Almuɓɓe, lewru Juko 2014 * Njeenaari ɓurndi moƴƴude ndi Departemaa Janngirɗe Pijirlooji e Filmuuji, Art Patron, 2014 * SSLT 3rd Induction Njeenaari gollal teddungal, lewru marse 2014 * Duɗal janngirɗe petroŋ heɓi njeenaari gollal teddungal hitaande 10ɓiire, 2013 * Duɗal jaaɓi-haaɗtirde PH ngal jaŋde toownde heɓi njeenaari ɓurndi moƴƴude e hitaande 2008 * Duɗal janngirɗe petroŋ heɓi njeenaari hitaande 5ɓiire 2008 * Jaaɓihaaɗtirde Port Harcourt heɓi njeenaari ɓurndi moƴƴude e hitaande 2008 * Njeenaari ɓurndi moƴƴude e fedde gollotooɓe mawɓe, 2004 * Njeenaari ɓurndi moƴƴude (4 feebariyee 2004), Assoc. e almuɓɓe janngooɓe dipolomaaji to diiwaan Delta, Uniport * Njeenaari gollal fedde SPE Uniport, 1996/97 == Caalaje == Ajienka ko debbo; kanko e debbo makko, Mercy, ina njogii haala.[citation ina haani] == Tuugnorgal == tnjdnx53hy3rzk7eaen17laaz6gkf96 175677 175676 2026-06-22T15:16:23Z Isa Oumar 9821 175677 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}'''Joseph Atubokiki Ajienka''' (jibinaa ko ñalnde 10 lewru bowte hitaande 1955) ko jannginoowo to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Port Harcourt, to diiwaan Rivers, to leydi Najeriya. E gardagol makko, duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Port Harcourt woni 6ɓo e nder Afrik e 1ɓo e nder leydi Najeriya e nder wiɗtooji baɗeteeɗi e nder jaŋde toownde Times (THE).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cvcnigeria.org/en/vice-chancellors/?id=103|title=:: Professor Joseph Ajienka - CVC Nigeria ::|date=18 August 2020|publisher=}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.diamondeducationmagazine.com/universities-should-embrace-approach-to-research-uniport-ajienka/|title=Universities should embrace Approach to Research UNIPORT – Ajienka|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141206201951/http://www.diamondeducationmagazine.com/universities-should-embrace-approach-to-research-uniport-ajienka/|archivedate=2014-12-06}}</ref> == Nguurndam e golle == O jibinaa ko ñalnde 10 lewru bowte hitaande 1955 to Okrika, wuro mawngo e nokku laamu nokkuyankeewo e nder diiwaan Rivers, leydi Najeriya. O naati duɗal sukaaɓe Okrika kono o heɓi seedantaagal duɗal Afrik hirnaange to duɗal hakkundeewal laamu to wuro Borokiri, Port Harcourt.[7][8] O heɓi dipolom makko ko fayti e ganndal petroŋ to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Ibadan e dipolom makko master e Doktoraa (Ph. D) to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Port Harcourt e hitaande 1986 e hitaande 1990. O fuɗɗii golle to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Port Harcourt e hitaande 1982, o woni balloowo dipolomaaji to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde petroŋ ɗo o toɗɗaa caggal ɗuum professeur to bannge ganndal petroŋ.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.icarnigeria.org/members.php|title=Members|publisher=|access-date=2014-11-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141115232633/http://icarnigeria.org/members.php|archive-date=2014-11-15|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.icarnigeria.org/members.php|title=Members|publisher=|access-date=2014-11-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141115232633/http://icarnigeria.org/members.php|archive-date=2014-11-15|url-status=dead}}</ref> Ciimtol toɗɗagol mawngol e anndinde Hooreejo Fedde Jaagorgal Jaaɓi-haaɗtirde Naajeeriya (AVCNU), 2014/15 Hooreejo Goomu cukko hooreejo (CVC) duɗe jaaɓi-haaɗtirde fedde nde, 2014/15 Cukko hooreejo 7ɓo, Duɗal Jaaɓi-haaɗtirde Port Harcourt, 2010-2015 Gardiiɗo Pioneer, Duɗal Jaŋde Petroŋ (IPS), Duɗal Jaaɓi-haaɗtirde PH, 2003-2010 Gardiiɗo departemaa Innjiniyaaruuji petroŋ e gaas, 1995-1997<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cvcnigeria.org/en/vice-chancellors/?id=103|title=:: Professor Joseph Ajienka - CVC Nigeria ::|date=18 August 2020|publisher=}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.diamondeducationmagazine.com/universities-should-embrace-approach-to-research-uniport-ajienka/|title=Universities should embrace Approach to Research UNIPORT – Ajienka|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141206201951/http://www.diamondeducationmagazine.com/universities-should-embrace-approach-to-research-uniport-ajienka/|archivedate=2014-12-06}}</ref> Koolaaɗo kuuɓal, M. Eng Porogaraam Innjiniyaaruuji nokkuuji, Duɗal Innjiniyaaruuji, Duɗal Jaaɓi-haaɗtirde Port Harcourt, 2000-2003 Emmanuel Egbogah Hooreejo ganndal petroŋ, to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Port Harcourt, 2005-hannde Tergal, Kawtal laamu, Duɗal jaaɓi-haaɗtirde Port Harcourt, 2006-2007 Hooreejo, Goomu koɗki duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Port Harcourt, 2006-2010 Tergal, Yiilirde Duɗal Jaaɓi-haaɗtirde, Duɗal jaaɓi-haaɗtirde Port Harcourt, 2002-2010 Hooreejo, Goomu seminaaji e janngirɗe duɗe jaaɓi haaɗtirde, 2006-2010 Hooreejo 25ɓiire Duɗal Jaŋde Toownde, Duɗal Jaaɓi-haaɗtirde PH, 2008 Fedde e terɗe Iwdi:[10] * Fellow mo Akademi Innjiniyaaku Naajeeriya[11] * Tergal nder Duɗal Njuɓɓudi e wiɗtooɓe leydi Naajeeriya[12] * Fedde Innjiilaaji Naajeeriya * Fellow, Fedde Taariindi Naajeeriya * Fellow, Duɗal Njuɓɓudi Naajeeriya * Fellow, Duɗal annduɓe kisal leydi Naajeeriya * Fedde, Duɗal ganndal petroŋ * Fellow, Duɗal Njuɓɓudi gollorɗe * Teddungal e njeenaaje * Paul Haris Fedde (Fedde Rotary), hitaande 2012 * Tiitoonde laamu: Enyi Oha mo Ebem Ohafiya, hitaande 2012 * Njeenaari winndereeri NREP ngam karallaagal e jaŋde toownde (2009) * Hooreejo fedde Standard Naajeeriya Goomu petroŋ dow (2009), suɓaama * Suɓaama ngam tawtoreede batu hakkunde leyɗeele TOTAL ko faati e semmbe e jaŋde, lewru noowammbar 2007, Pari * Njeenaari diiwaan Afrik SPE ngam peewnugol e golle, 2008 * Njeenaari mawndi ndi Naajeeriya heɓi, (Moy woni Mo nder duuɓi 50 nder Petrol e Gaas nder Naajeeriya), lewru Ogost 2008 yuɓɓini ɗum bee nanta Naajeeriya Energy Chronicles Fedde Rotary to Ogbor Hill Aba, hitaande 2000 Ɓataake njettoor ummoraade e Goomu toɗɗagol e ƴellitgol (Academic) to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Port Harcourt ngam golle maantiniiɗe e yeewtere ngam heɓde posto porfeseer * Jannginoowo njillu, Departemaa Fuel e Semmbe, Duɗal Jaaɓi-haaɗtirde Leeds, U.K., Diiso Biritaan walli Duɗal Jaaɓi-haaɗtirde Leeds/Uniport Energy Link (28 feebariyee -31 marse 1992). * Ambasadeer kisal, njeenaari kisal ISPON 2014 * Njeenaari teddungal, Faculté Jaŋde, Duɗal Jaaɓi-haaɗtirde Port Harcourt, e nder hitaande 100 Jaŋde e nder leydi Najeriya, ñalnde 11 noowammbar 2014 * Njeenaari ardiiɓe Afrik, Parlemaa Dental Janngooɓe Afrik, ASUP, lewru Seeɗto 2014 * Njeenaari teddungal, ñalngu 3ɓo binnditagol, ñalnde 29 oktoobar 2014 * Njeenaari nokku ɓurɗo moƴƴude ngam gaas, refining e petrookimikaaji, PH, 2014 * Njeenaari njeenaari, Faculté de l’Agriculture, Ñalngu Adunaaru Nguura, 2014 * Njeenaari ɓurndi moƴƴude, Fedde Laboratoori Cafrirɗe. Almuɓɓe, lewru Juko 2014 * Njeenaari ɓurndi moƴƴude ndi Departemaa Janngirɗe Pijirlooji e Filmuuji, Art Patron, 2014 * SSLT 3rd Induction Njeenaari gollal teddungal, lewru marse 2014 * Duɗal janngirɗe petroŋ heɓi njeenaari gollal teddungal hitaande 10ɓiire, 2013 * Duɗal jaaɓi-haaɗtirde PH ngal jaŋde toownde heɓi njeenaari ɓurndi moƴƴude e hitaande 2008 * Duɗal janngirɗe petroŋ heɓi njeenaari hitaande 5ɓiire 2008 * Jaaɓihaaɗtirde Port Harcourt heɓi njeenaari ɓurndi moƴƴude e hitaande 2008 * Njeenaari ɓurndi moƴƴude e fedde gollotooɓe mawɓe, 2004 * Njeenaari ɓurndi moƴƴude (4 feebariyee 2004), Assoc. e almuɓɓe janngooɓe dipolomaaji to diiwaan Delta, Uniport * Njeenaari gollal fedde SPE Uniport, 1996/97 == Caalaje == Ajienka ko debbo; kanko e debbo makko, Mercy, ina njogii haala.[citation ina haani] == Tuugnorgal == 27349h96j03njrlncylph4bbra0v8ep 0 12481 175755 100631 2026-06-22T20:11:02Z Sardeeq 14292 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1359942401|Uchechukwu N. Maduako]]" 175755 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Uchechukwu N. Maduako''' // c ko siyaasaajo Naajeeriya e tergal Asamblee lesdi 4th e Asamblee lesdi 5th wakiiliijo diiwal Isuikwuato / Umunneochi nder jiha Abia les njiimaandi lanyol yimɓe . [1]<ref>Honourable Uchechukwu Maduako". Archived from the original on 5 July 2015. Retrieved 4 July 2015.</ref> == Ƴeew kadi == * Delegaasiyoŋ leydi Naajeeriya ummoriiɗo Abia == Tuugnorgal == [[Category:Yimɓe wuurɓe]] klk1kjpcsxx84wzx3os61tghy1d4lg8 175757 175755 2026-06-22T20:11:25Z Sardeeq 14292 175757 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Uchechukwu N. Maduako''' // c ko siyaasaajo Naajeeriya e tergal Asamblee lesdi 4th e Asamblee lesdi 5th wakiiliijo diiwal Isuikwuato / Umunneochi nder jiha Abia les njiimaandi lanyol yimɓe . [1]<ref>Honourable Uchechukwu Maduako". Archived from the original on 5 July 2015. Retrieved 4 July 2015.</ref> == Ƴeew kadi == * Delegaasiyoŋ leydi Naajeeriya ummoriiɗo Abia == Tuugnorgal == [[Category:Yimɓe wuurɓe]] haoxflvn3thee4k6qvhxiw47wad158v 0 12488 175930 98636 2026-06-23T10:08:20Z Sardeeq 14292 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1359942413|Njoku Nnamdi]]" 175930 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Njoku nnamdi''' // c ko o siyaasaajo Naajeeriya e tergal nder Asamblee lesdi 4th wakiiliijo Bende diiwal Abia les njiimaandi lanyol yimɓe Democratic Party . [1] == Ƴeew kadi == * Delegaasiyoŋ leydi Naajeeriya ummoriiɗo Abia == Tuugnorgal == [[Category:Yimɓe wuurɓe]] me4xtfuqz1g3qrnlardlqw2fpnlj6bj 175932 175930 2026-06-23T10:09:03Z Sardeeq 14292 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1359942413|Njoku Nnamdi]]" 175932 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Njoku nnamdi''' // c ko o siyaasaajo Naajeeriya e tergal nder Asamblee lesdi 4th wakiiliijo Bende diiwal Abia les njiimaandi lanyol yimɓe Democratic Party . [1]<ref>ABIA STATE: List of PDP aspirants for House of representatives". Emma Aziken. South East Nigeria. December 5, 2014. Retrieved July 4, 2015.</ref> == Ƴeew kadi == * Delegaasiyoŋ leydi Naajeeriya ummoriiɗo Abia == Tuugnorgal == [[Category:Yimɓe wuurɓe]] 1b4yyqpgebvm864w5rhul2qbj2t7g10 175934 175932 2026-06-23T10:09:19Z Sardeeq 14292 175934 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Njoku nnamdi''' // c ko o siyaasaajo Naajeeriya e tergal nder Asamblee lesdi 4th wakiiliijo Bende diiwal Abia les njiimaandi lanyol yimɓe Democratic Party . [1]<ref>ABIA STATE: List of PDP aspirants for House of representatives". Emma Aziken. South East Nigeria. December 5, 2014. Retrieved July 4, 2015.</ref> == Ƴeew kadi == * Delegaasiyoŋ leydi Naajeeriya ummoriiɗo Abia == Tuugnorgal == [[Category:Yimɓe wuurɓe]] q9jso3eb3dlgvmnb64i4tcqgc2vlvri 0 12529 175976 50974 2026-06-23T10:33:35Z Isa Oumar 9821 175976 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Otonti Amadi Nduka''' (jibinaa ko 9 lewru Mbooy hitaande 1926) ko jannginoowo Naajeeriya, kadi ko kaaloowo e leñol Ikwerre.<ref>{{cite web|title=Diamond Wedding Anniversary of Prof. Emeritus and Mrs Otonti Nduka|url=https://www.naeduc.org.ng/diamond-wedding-anniversary-of-prof-emeritus-and-mrs-otonti-nduka/|website=NAEDUC|date=13 March 2018|access-date=9 November 2022|archive-date=9 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221109155902/https://www.naeduc.org.ng/diamond-wedding-anniversary-of-prof-emeritus-and-mrs-otonti-nduka/|url-status=dead}}</ref> O resi ko Pamela Nduka, ɓe ndañi ɓiɓɓe njoyo. Otonti e debbo mum ina njooɗii haa jooni e nder leydi Najeriya. Ɓe mawninii ñalngu dewgal maɓɓe diamond e hitaande 2018.<ref name="Ohia">{{cite web|url=http://www.nigerianmuse.com/20080707081152zg/nigeria-watch/positively-naija/between-truth-and-justice-the-dilemma-of-the-rivers-state-trc-part-2/|title=Between Truth and Justice – The Dilemma of the Rivers State TRC (Part 2)|last=Ohia|first=Uche|date=7 July 2008|publisher=Nigerian Muse|access-date=2 December 2010}}</ref><ref name="Ohia2">{{cite web|url=http://www.nigerianmuse.com/20080707081152zg/nigeria-watch/positively-naija/between-truth-and-justice-the-dilemma-of-the-rivers-state-trc-part-2/|title=Between Truth and Justice – The Dilemma of the Rivers State TRC (Part 2)|last=Ohia|first=Uche|date=7 July 2008|publisher=Nigerian Muse|access-date=2 December 2010}}</ref> Nduka ko jannginoowo pentiiɗo, kadi ko Deenoowo jaŋde to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Port Harcourt, kadi ko Fellow e cukko hooreejo duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Naajeeriya. Kadi omo hiisee wonde Hooreejo e nder yimve wuro makko, hono no feeñiri e mawningol ñalngu nguu 80 hitaande nde tawnoo yimve heewve ina kawri ngam mawninde kewu nguu e teddinde golle makko. Balɗe seeɗa ko adii nde o heɓata duuɓi 80, ko yaltugol deftere makko woɗnde, wiyeteende « Les rains du développement africain » , udditgol ngol ina yuɓɓinee to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Port Harcourt.<ref>{{cite web|title=Diamond Wedding Anniversary of Prof. Emeritus and Mrs Otonti Nduka|url=https://www.naeduc.org.ng/diamond-wedding-anniversary-of-prof-emeritus-and-mrs-otonti-nduka/|website=NAEDUC|date=13 March 2018|access-date=9 November 2022|archive-date=9 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221109155902/https://www.naeduc.org.ng/diamond-wedding-anniversary-of-prof-emeritus-and-mrs-otonti-nduka/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Diamond Wedding Anniversary of Prof. Emeritus and Mrs Otonti Nduka|url=https://www.naeduc.org.ng/diamond-wedding-anniversary-of-prof-emeritus-and-mrs-otonti-nduka/|website=NAEDUC|date=13 March 2018|access-date=9 November 2022|archive-date=9 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221109155902/https://www.naeduc.org.ng/diamond-wedding-anniversary-of-prof-emeritus-and-mrs-otonti-nduka/|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Bibliografi == Jaŋde hirnaange e pinal Naajeeriya (1964), Ibadan: Jaaynde jaaɓi-haaɗtirde Oxford. OCLC 176485 Filoosofi jaŋde – Jokkondire ŋakkuɗe e nder janngingol jannginooɓe Naajeeriya to Yoloye, E. A., e Nwosu, S. N. (eds), Fuɗɗoode jaŋde Afrik, deftere 1 (1975), Accra Western Council mo Fedde Jaŋde jannginooɓe e nder Afrik e fuɗɗoode Yahdi e nder deftere batu ko faati e jannginooɓe toowɓe (1970), Lagos: Ministeer humpitooji fedde nde Ƴeewndo ƴellitaare jaŋde e nder leydi Naajeeriya e hitaande 1975 to Oyediran, O. (ed.): Wiɗto ko faati e geɗe leydi Najeriya 1975, Ibadan: Jaaynde Oxford Ƴellitaare jaŋde to Port Harcourt: ƴeewndo caggal e ƴellitaare, e nder Ogionwo, W. (ed.), Wuro ''Port Harcourt'': Simposium ko fayti e mawnugol mum e ƴellitaare mum (1979), Ibadan: Heinemann Wondude e Iheoma, O.A. (eds) Yiyngooji kesi e nder jaŋde nehdi, (1983) Banndiraaɓe Evans (Nig) Ltd Janndeeji e daartol e pinal Ikwerre (1993), Ibadan: Defte Kraft. ISBN 978-2081-30-2 Daande ŋakkeende ƴellitaare Afrik (2006), Ibadan: Defte Spektrum. == Tuugnorgal == r02y1pbq7676i5bjhd6pxywf7ufqv15 0 12602 175632 97573 2026-06-22T13:58:48Z Sardeeq 14292 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1359942533|Macebuh Chinonyerem]]" 175632 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Macebuh Chinonyerem''' ko siyaasaajo Naajeeriya, tergal nder suudu joonde diidaaɗi lesdi 4 e 5, wakiiliijo lesdi Ukwa Fuunaange / Ukwa Hirnaange lesdi Abia les njiimaandi lanyol Democratic People . O yahi haa o dañi jooɗorde ngam ardaade diiwaan senateer Abia Sud e les njiimaandi fedde wiyeteende All Progressives Congress (APC) e wooteeji mawɗi 2011. [1] [2] == Ƴeew kadi == Delegaasiyoŋ leydi Naajeeriya ummoriiɗo Abia == Tuugnorgal == [[Category:Yimɓe wuurɓe]] dxuymlfg5ibxfbbqsyvigolo2wtwqal 175634 175632 2026-06-22T13:59:25Z Sardeeq 14292 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1359942533|Macebuh Chinonyerem]]" 175634 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Macebuh Chinonyerem''' ko siyaasaajo Naajeeriya, tergal nder suudu joonde diidaaɗi lesdi 4 e 5, wakiiliijo lesdi Ukwa Fuunaange / Ukwa Hirnaange lesdi Abia les njiimaandi lanyol Democratic People . O yahi haa o dañi jooɗorde ngam ardaade diiwaan senateer Abia Sud e les njiimaandi fedde wiyeteende All Progressives Congress (APC) e wooteeji mawɗi 2011. [1] [2]<ref>"Profile of HON. CHINONYEREM MACEBUH". NigerianElections. Retrieved 5 July 2015.[permanent dead link]</ref> == Ƴeew kadi == Delegaasiyoŋ leydi Naajeeriya ummoriiɗo Abia == Tuugnorgal == [[Category:Yimɓe wuurɓe]] a20dhu7cn69ru1mno26wk1ufp8mcnpz 175635 175634 2026-06-22T13:59:39Z Sardeeq 14292 175635 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Macebuh Chinonyerem''' ko siyaasaajo Naajeeriya, tergal nder suudu joonde diidaaɗi lesdi 4 e 5, wakiiliijo lesdi Ukwa Fuunaange / Ukwa Hirnaange lesdi Abia les njiimaandi lanyol Democratic People . O yahi haa o dañi jooɗorde ngam ardaade diiwaan senateer Abia Sud e les njiimaandi fedde wiyeteende All Progressives Congress (APC) e wooteeji mawɗi 2011. [1] [2]<ref>"Profile of HON. CHINONYEREM MACEBUH". NigerianElections. Retrieved 5 July 2015.[permanent dead link]</ref> == Ƴeew kadi == Delegaasiyoŋ leydi Naajeeriya ummoriiɗo Abia == Tuugnorgal == [[Category:Yimɓe wuurɓe]] 48b9elff30xv40uwvrt69zksrwj1c3x 175640 175635 2026-06-22T14:02:13Z Fulani215 7983 /* */ fixed typo 175640 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Macebuh Chinonyerem''' ko siyaasaajo Naajeeriya, tergal nder suudu joonde diidaaɗi lesdi 4 e 5, wakiiliijo lesdi Ukwa Fuunaange / Ukwa Hirnaange lesdi Abia les njiimaandi lanyol Democratic People . O yahi haa o dañi jooɗorde ngam ardaade diiwaan senateer Abia Sud e les njiimaandi fedde wiyeteende All Progressives Congress (APC) e wooteeji mawɗi 2011.<ref>"Profile of HON. CHINONYEREM MACEBUH". NigerianElections. Retrieved 5 July 2015.[permanent dead link]</ref> == Ƴeew kadi == Delegaasiyoŋ leydi Naajeeriya ummoriiɗo Abia == Tuugnorgal == [[Category:Yimɓe wuurɓe]] sbbvue53sxqvpdnx2fswz0dh802oys8 175641 175640 2026-06-22T14:02:38Z Fulani215 7983 /* Himobe */ fixed typo 175641 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Macebuh Chinonyerem''' ko siyaasaajo Naajeeriya, tergal nder suudu joonde diidaaɗi lesdi 4 e 5, wakiiliijo lesdi Ukwa Fuunaange / Ukwa Hirnaange lesdi Abia les njiimaandi lanyol Democratic People . O yahi haa o dañi jooɗorde ngam ardaade diiwaan senateer Abia Sud e les njiimaandi fedde wiyeteende All Progressives Congress (APC) e wooteeji mawɗi 2011.<ref>"Profile of HON. CHINONYEREM MACEBUH". NigerianElections. Retrieved 5 July 2015.[permanent dead link]</ref> == Ƴeew kadi == Delegaasiyoŋ leydi Naajeeriya ummoriiɗo Abia == Himobe== [[Category:Yimɓe wuurɓe]] 961mxq8tuky4wz1fz05yc552ne09hyk 0 12607 175628 98715 2026-06-22T13:57:16Z Sardeeq 14292 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1359942373|Nwakanwa Chimaobi]]" 175628 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Nwakanwa Chimaobi''' // c ko o siyaasaajo Naajeeriya e tergal nder Asamblee lesdi 4th wakiiliijo Isiala Ngwa woyla / Isiala Ngwa fombina diiwal Abia les njiimaandi lanyol yimɓe . [1] == Ƴeew kadi == * Delegaasiyoŋ leydi Naajeeriya ummoriiɗo Abia == Tuugnorgal == [[Category:Yimɓe wuurɓe]] c3cbzogb2sr53adxqc56s9aw4snj63q 175630 175628 2026-06-22T13:57:55Z Sardeeq 14292 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1359942373|Nwakanwa Chimaobi]]" 175630 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Nwakanwa Chimaobi''' // c ko o siyaasaajo Naajeeriya e tergal nder Asamblee lesdi 4th wakiiliijo Isiala Ngwa woyla / Isiala Ngwa fombina diiwal Abia les njiimaandi lanyol yimɓe . [1]<ref>Order Paper 17 June 1999". National Assembly. Federal Republic of Nigeria. Retrieved 8 July 2015.</ref> == Ƴeew kadi == * Delegaasiyoŋ leydi Naajeeriya ummoriiɗo Abia == Tuugnorgal == [[Category:Yimɓe wuurɓe]] selr7qaahvxelwmjt2onadiodxf3a3t 175631 175630 2026-06-22T13:58:17Z Sardeeq 14292 175631 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Nwakanwa Chimaobi''' c ko o siyaasaajo Naajeeriya e tergal nder Asamblee lesdi 4th wakiiliijo Isiala Ngwa woyla / Isiala Ngwa fombina diiwal Abia les njiimaandi lanyol yimɓe . [1]<ref>Order Paper 17 June 1999". National Assembly. Federal Republic of Nigeria. Retrieved 8 July 2015.</ref> == Ƴeew kadi == * Delegaasiyoŋ leydi Naajeeriya ummoriiɗo Abia == Tuugnorgal == [[Category:Yimɓe wuurɓe]] kmuvs8ze0mjzlupt68anhsl4b8gfs4w 0 34509 176001 145386 2026-06-23T11:34:50Z Isa Oumar 9821 176001 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}'''Monday John Onyeme''' (jibinaama 30 mars 1965) ko siyaasaajo leydi Naajeeriya, o woniino cukko guwerneer diiwaan Delta gila lewru mee 2023. O huniima ñalnde 29 lewru bowte e bannge guwerneer, Sheriff Oborevwori caggal nde o heɓi nasaraaku e suɓngooji gutorial2023 e hitaande 2023. == Baɗte e nguurndam puɗɗam == Altine Onyeme ko jibinannde Ibabu, Onicha Ukwuani E nder Ndokwa West LGA e nder diiwaan Delta ɗo o jibinaa ñalnde 30 mars 1965.O heɓi seedantaagal makko gadanal e nder duɗal sukaaɓe konu, Sokoto, diiwaan Sokoto, hade makko yahde to duɗal hakkundeewal laamu, diiwaan Ke7 1982. O heɓi dipolomaaji makko e duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Calabar to o timmini golle makko e hitaande 1990. O fuɗɗii golle makko ko no jannginoowo to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Politeknik Federal Kaura Namoda, to diiwaan Zamfara hakkunde 1991 e 1992 e Octopus Credential Limited to Lagos hakkunde 1995 e 1996 e njuɓɓudi ƴellitaare leydi ndema, Asaba tuggi 1996 haa 2000 e gardagol departemaa kaalis e dokkal. O naati e duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde jaŋde (karallaagal) Asaba, o woni hooreejo hiisawal e hitaande 2000, caggal ɗuum o wonti Bursar e hitaande 2005. E hitaande 2006, o toɗɗaa Bursar duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde ngenndiwal udditiingal, Lagos, ngal o joginoo duuɓi jeenay. == Golle politik == Monday Onyeme toɗɗaama hooreejo kawtal lesdi Delta nder hitaande 2015, nden o toɗɗaama kadi nder hitaande 2019 ngam manndaa goɗɗo. Ñalnde 23 lewru juko hitaande 2022, O anndinaama kanndidaa cukko guwerneer e kanndidaa kanndidaa guwerneer, Sheriff Oborevwori. == Tuugnorgal == 2nurhzqmpn0j7g1tsi6silg6ert7rcr 0 39583 175818 162842 2026-06-23T07:39:48Z Makenzis 8596 /* Kop Sloveni */ 175818 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}'''Ženski nogometni klub Olimpija Ljubljana''' (Engele: Women's Football Club Olimpija Ljubljana), ko ɓuri heewde e innde mum ko ŽNK Olimpija Ljubljana walla tan Olimpija, ko fedde fuku koyɗe rewɓe Sloveniyankoore, jooɗiinde to Ljublishedjana5, e2. Ɓe ngoni ko e jaaltaaɓe e Ligue des Femmes de Slovenie 2016–17, ɓe mbaɗi kadi yeewtere maɓɓe adannde e Orop e Ligue des Femmes UEFA 2017–18.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.uefa.com/womenschampionsleague/news/023a-0e168b4856bb-1096f867d807-1000--women-s-champions-league-entries-confirmed/|title=Women's Champions League entries confirmed|website=[[UEFA]]|date=14 June 2017|access-date=27 January 2023}}</ref> == Teddungal == == Ligue Sloveni == Nasaraaku: 2016-17, 2017-18 Ɗiɗaɓere: 2018-19, 2020-21, 2021-22, 2022-23, 2023-24 == Kop Sloveni == '''Nasaraaku:''' 2020-21, 2021-22 '''Ɗiɗaɓo:''' 2022-23 == Tuugnorgal == 1mvaxdgfjrfqs8lwboyu88gr8kpjrld 175819 175818 2026-06-23T07:40:02Z Makenzis 8596 /* Ligue Sloveni */ 175819 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}'''Ženski nogometni klub Olimpija Ljubljana''' (Engele: Women's Football Club Olimpija Ljubljana), ko ɓuri heewde e innde mum ko ŽNK Olimpija Ljubljana walla tan Olimpija, ko fedde fuku koyɗe rewɓe Sloveniyankoore, jooɗiinde to Ljublishedjana5, e2. Ɓe ngoni ko e jaaltaaɓe e Ligue des Femmes de Slovenie 2016–17, ɓe mbaɗi kadi yeewtere maɓɓe adannde e Orop e Ligue des Femmes UEFA 2017–18.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.uefa.com/womenschampionsleague/news/023a-0e168b4856bb-1096f867d807-1000--women-s-champions-league-entries-confirmed/|title=Women's Champions League entries confirmed|website=[[UEFA]]|date=14 June 2017|access-date=27 January 2023}}</ref> == Teddungal == == Ligue Sloveni == '''Nasaraaku:''' 2016-17, 2017-18 '''Ɗiɗaɓere:''' 2018-19, 2020-21, 2021-22, 2022-23, 2023-24 == Kop Sloveni == '''Nasaraaku:''' 2020-21, 2021-22 '''Ɗiɗaɓo:''' 2022-23 == Tuugnorgal == tjp6413t844q1cosioh0w9nhxqbm08r 0 42280 175983 175130 2026-06-23T10:54:07Z MOIBARDE 10068 add links,references and image 175983 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}'''Nnamdi Benjamin Azikiwe'''GCFR PC (HeɗtoR; 16 noowammbar 1904 – 11 [[lewru]] mee 1996),<ref name="britannica.com">{{Cite web|title=Nnamdi Azikiwe {{!}} president of Nigeria|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Nnamdi-Azikiwe|access-date=2022-03-26|website=[[Britannica]]|language=en}}</ref> ko ɓuri heewde e yimɓe ina mbiya ko '''Zik mo Afrik''', ko o dawriyanke, laamuyanke, e hooreejo leydi Nijeer, o woniino hooreejo leydi Nijeer gadano gila e hitaande 1960 haa e hitaande 1960 (1963-1966).<ref>{{Cite news|last=French|first=Howard W.|date=1996-05-14|title=Nnamdi Azikiwe, the First President of Nigeria, Dies at 91|language=en-US|work=[[The New York Times]]|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1996/05/14/world/nnamdi-azikiwe-the-first-president-of-nigeria-dies-at-91.html|access-date=2023-12-06|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> O ɗon laara no baaba lesdi [[Naajeeriya]] nden bo o ɗon nder ardiiɓe lesdi ndi'i nder hitaande 1960.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2020-10-01|title=Heroes of the struggle for Nigeria's independence/pioneer political|url=https://guardian.ng/?p=1230220|location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=2022-05-24|newspaper=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]]|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=On this day in 1904 Dr. Benjamin Nnamdi Azikiwe, was born in Zungeru, Niger State, North-Central Nigeria|url=http://www.jayfm.ng/2017/11/16/on-this-day-in-1904-dr-benjamin-nnamdi-azikiwe-was-born-in-zungeru-niger-state-north-central-nigeria/|date=2017-11-16|website=[[Jay FM]]|language=en-US|access-date=2020-05-29|archive-date=5 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200805081611/http://www.jayfm.ng/2017/11/16/on-this-day-in-1904-dr-benjamin-nnamdi-azikiwe-was-born-in-zungeru-niger-state-north-central-nigeria/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|last=Crowcroft|first=Barnaby|title=The Radical Nationalist as Constitutional Head of State: Nigeria, 1960–66|date=2020|work=Viceregalism: The Crown as Head of State in Political Crises in the Postwar Commonwealth|pages=179–202|editor-last=Kumarasingham|editor-first=H.|series=Cambridge Imperial and Post-Colonial Studies Series|place=Cham|publisher=Springer International Publishing|language=en|doi=10.1007/978-3-030-46283-3_7|isbn=978-3-030-46283-3|s2cid=226564363}}</ref> Azikiwe jibinaa ko [[Zungeru]] e nder [[Diiwal Niger|diiwaan Niger]] hannde oo, jibnaaɓe [[Igbo]] en ummoriiɓe [[Onitsha]], [[Diiwal Anambra|diiwaan Anambra]], Azikiwe janngi ɗemngal Hausa ngal woni ɗemngal ɓurngal mawnude e nder diiwaan Fuɗnaange. Caggal mum o neldaa hoɗde e neene makko e neene makko to wuro makko [[Onitsha]], ɗo o janngi ɗemngal [[Igbo]].<ref>{{Citation|last=chuku|first=gloria|title=Azikiwe, Benjamin Nnamdi|year=2011|url=https://www.oxfordreference.com/display/10.1093/acref/9780195382075.001.0001/acref-9780195382075-e-0239|work=Dictionary of African Biography|access-date=2023-12-13|publisher=Oxford University Press|language=en|doi=10.1093/acref/9780195382075.013.0239|doi-broken-date=1 July 2025|isbn=978-0-19-538207-5}}</ref> Jooɗnde haa lesdi [[Lagos]] hokki mo jannguki ɗemngal [[Yoruba language|Yoruba]], nden wakkati o ɗonno haa janngirde mawnde, o anndi finaa-tawaa [[Naajeeriya]] feere-feere, nden o wolwi ɗemɗe tati mawɗe [[Naajeeriya]].<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Aguolu|first1=C. C.|last2=Aguolu|first2=L. E.|date=1997|title=Dr. Nnamdi Azikiwe, 1904-1966, First President of Nigeria: A Force in Library Development in Nigeria|url=https://worldlibraries.dom.edu/index.php/worldlib/article/view/199|journal=World Libraries|language=en|volume=7|issue=2|issn=2155-7896}}</ref> Azikiwe ina yahra no feewi. O ummii ko [[Amerik]] ɗo o inniraa '''Ben Azikiwe''', o janngi to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Storer, to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde [[Colombia|Columbia]], to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Pennsylvania e to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Howard. O jokkondiri e laamuuji koloñaal e ɗaɓɓaande ngam wallitde leydi [[Naajeeriya|Najeriya]] e nder Olimpiyaaji Los Angeles 1932 nde tawnoo ko kanko kadi woni atletee.<ref>{{Cite journal|doi=10.1080/03086539908583061|title='Managing nationalism': The colonial office and Nnamdi Azikiwe, 1932–43|journal=The Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History|volume=27|issue=2|pages=143–158|year=1999|last=Flint|first=John E.}}</ref> O arti [[Afrik]] ko e hitaande 1934, o fuɗɗii golle jaayndiyankaagal to Cote d’Or ([[Gana]] hannde oo). E nder [[Afrik]] hirnaange Biritaan, Azikiwe ina daranii wonde daraniiɗo politik e jaayndiyanke, ngam ngenndiyaŋkaagal [[Naajeeriya|Najeriya]] e [[Afrik]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Azikiwe fights for Africa|date=7 January 1950|work=New York Amsterdam News}}</ref> ==Nguurndam e jaŋde puɗɗagol== '''Sukaaɓe''' : '''jaŋde e mbaydi ƴeew tiitoonde''' Kartal pelle ɗemɗe [[Naajeeriya]]: Azikiwe jibinaa ko e diiwaan Fuɗnaange e nder leydi ndi. Leydi taaniraaɓe makko, [[Onitsha]], woni ko e bannge Fuɗnaange-rewo ngenndi ndii.) Azikiwe jibinaa ko ñalnde 16 noowammbar 1904 to [[Zungeru]], to Fuɗnaange Nijeer. Innde makko adannde, "Nnamdi", nde jibnaaɓe makko ndokki mo ko innde [[Igbo Eze South|Igbo]] nde firti ko "baaba am ina wuuri". Baaba makko, Obed-Edom Chukwuemeka Azikiwe, jeyaaɗo to [[Onitsha]], ko o binndoowo e nder laamu Angalteer to leydi [[Naajeeriya|Najeriya]].<ref>{{Cite news|author=Thomas A. Johnson|date=1972-09-14|title=Nigerian Urges Uses of the Past|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1972/09/14/archives/nigerian-urges-uses-of-the-past-says-colonialism-left-some-things.html|access-date=2023-12-06|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> Yumma makko Rachel Chinwe Ogbenyeanu Azikiwe (jibinaa ko Aghadiuno), mo sahaa e sahaa fof ina wiyee « Nwanonaku »<ref>{{cite book|title=Nnamdi Azikiwe: My Odyssey|chapter=I: My Genealogy and Nativity|publisher=Spectrum Books|date=1970|page=4}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=University|first=Nnamdi Azikiwe|date=2021-11-16|title=Profile of NNamdi Azikiwe|url=https://zikslectureseries.unizik.edu.ng/profile-of-nnamdi-azikiwe/|access-date=2023-12-06|website=Zik's Lecture Series|language=en-US}}</ref>, ko ɓiɗɗo debbo tataɓo Aghadiuno Ajie<ref name="PT">{{cite news|title=Mother of Nnamdi Azikiwe dies at 75|date=22 February 1958|work=Philadelphia Tribune}}</ref>, iwdi galle laamɗo to Onitsha; mawniiko gorko biyeteeɗo Ugogwu Anazenwu, ko Obi [[Onitsha]].<ref name="PT2">{{cite news|title=Mother of Nnamdi Azikiwe dies at 75|date=22 February 1958|work=Philadelphia Tribune}}</ref> Azikiwe ina joginoo miñi mum gooto, miñi mum debbo, ina wiyee Cecilia Eziamaka Arinze.<ref name="PT3">{{cite news|title=Mother of Nnamdi Azikiwe dies at 75|date=22 February 1958|work=Philadelphia Tribune}}</ref> Nde o woni suka, Azikiwe ina haalda ɗemngal [[Hausa language|Hausa]], ɗemngal diiwaan oo.<ref>{{Cite journal|title=Dr. Nnamdi Azikiwe, 1904-1966, first president of Nigeria: A force in Library development in Nigeria.|url=https://worldlibraries.dom.edu/index.php/worldlib/article/view/199/154|last=Aguolu and Aguolu|first=C.C and L.E|date=1997|journal=World Libraries|volume=7|issue=2|access-date=2020-05-29}}</ref> Baaba makko, ina wondi e sunaare e 6icfcfo makko e 6amtaare [[Hausa language|Hausa]] wonaa [[Igbo]], neli mo to [[Onitsha]] e hitaande 1912 ngam hocfde e neene makko e neene makko ngam janngude 6emngal e pinal [[Igbo]].<ref name="Oha">{{cite web|last1=Oha|first1=Obododimma|title=Heroes of knowledge versus dragons of ignorance: language, identity construction, and intertextuality in Nnamdi Azikiwe's "My Odyssey"|url=http://motspluriels.arts.uwa.edu.au/MP2303oo.html|website=motspluriels.arts.uwa.edu.au/|access-date=8 July 2016}}</ref> To [[Onitsha]], Azikiwe janngi Duɗal Trinity Seniiɗo (duɗal misiyoŋaaji katolik en) e Duɗal Eklesiya Almasiihu (duɗal leslesal Angalteer).<ref>{{Cite news|title=Accord concodiale: The continuous search for Nigeria's elusive unity and indivisibility (2)|url=https://www.sunnewsonline.com/accord-concodiale-the-continuous-search-for-nigerias-elusive-unity-and-indivisibility-2/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|date=2016-12-14|newspaper=[[The Sun (Nigeria)|The Sun]]|language=en-US|access-date=2020-05-29}}</ref> E hitaande 1914, nde baaba makko ina gollina to Lagos, Azikiwe yani e puccu ; ɗum addani baaba makko kulɓiniiɗo neldude mo to [[Lagos]], mbele omo sella, omo jokka jaŋde e nder wuro ngo.{{sfn|Orji|2013|p=68}} Ndeen o naati duɗal sukaaɓe Wesleyan, anndiraangal hannde duɗal sukaaɓe ''Methodist'', [[Lagos]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=history – MGHS|url=https://mghsyabalagosng.com/history-2/|access-date=2022-09-11|language=en-US|archive-date=4 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221004232208/https://mghsyabalagosng.com/history-2/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Baaba makko neldaama [[Kaduna]] duuɓi ɗiɗi caggal ɗuum, Azikiwe jooɗii seeɗa e banndiiko gooto resnduɗo juulɗo ummoriiɗo [[Siyeraa Leyoon]].{{sfn|Tonkin|1990|p=37}} E hitaande 1918, o arti [[Onitsha]], o timmini jaŋde makko hakkundeere to duɗal hakkundeewal CMS.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2009-05-09|title=Benjamin Nnamdi "Zik" Azikiwe (1904–1996)|url=https://www.blackpast.org/global-african-history/azikiwe-benjamin-nnamdi-zik-1904-1996/|access-date=2022-09-11|language=en-US}}</ref> Azikiwe ndeen golliima e duɗal ngal ko almuudo-jannginoowo,{{sfn|Orji|2013|p=68}} ina wallita yumma mum e ngalu mum.{{sfn|Tonkin|1990|p=37}} E hitaande 1920, baaba makko artiraa to Protectorat Sud Nigeria, to wuro [[Calabar]]. Azikiwe hawri e baaba mum to [[Calabar]], o fuɗɗii jaŋde toownde to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Hope Waddell.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2019-02-03|title=Reminiscing The Founding Fathers: Nnamdi Azikiwe|url=https://leadership.ng/reminiscing-the-founding-fathers-nnamdi-azikiwe/|access-date=2022-03-26|language=en-GB|newspaper=[[Leadership (newspaper)|Leadership]]}}</ref> O naati e janngirɗe Marcus Garvey,<ref name="Timesdigit">{{cite news|title=Nnamdi Azikiwe|work=The Times|location=London, England|date=14 May 1996|page=19}}</ref> Garveyism, ɗe ngonti huunde himmunde e haala makko ngenndiyaŋkaagal. [[File:Azikiwe with parents.png|thumb|Azikiwe e jibnaaɓe mum, c. Kitaale 1910]] Caggal nde o naati duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Hope Waddell,<ref name="Yearbook1962">{{cite book|title=Nigeria Year Book 1962|publisher=[[Daily Times (Nigeria)|Daily Times]]|year=1962|pages=112}}</ref> Azikiwe artiraa to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde sukaaɓe Methodist, to [[Lagos]], o seerti e wondiiɓe makko ummoriiɓe e galleeji ɓooyɗi Lagos ko wayi no George Shyngle, Francis Cole e Ade Williams (ɓiy [[Akarigbo mo Remo|Akarigbo Remo]]). Ɗee jokkondiral naftorii caggal ɗuum e golle makko politik to [[Lagos]].{{sfn|Orji|2013|p=68}} Nde o woni to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Wesley ''Boys'' o ɓuri waawde jaŋde makko, o rokki deftere ina wiyee « gila e Log Cabin haa e galle ''White House'' », ko ɗum woni nguurndam [[James A. Garfield]], gonnooɗo hooreejo leydi [[Amerik]], umminooɗo e huɗo haa e moƴƴere. Deftere ndee ina addana mo pellital heɓde nafoore e nguurndam. Azikiwe nanii yeewtere [[James Aggrey]], jannginoowo mo miijii wonde Afriknaaɓe ina poti heɓde jaŋde kolees caggal leydi, ɓe ngarta e waɗde waylo.<ref>{{cite news|author=Esele, Amos|date=21 November 1994|title=Ninety hearty cheers!|work=The Week|location=Lagos, Nigeria}}</ref> Caggal nde yeewtere ndee joofi, Aggrey rokki suka Azikiwe doggol duɗe jaɓɓotooɗe almudɓe ɓaleeɓe to [[Amerik]].{{sfn|Tonkin|1990|p=37}} Caggal nde o timmini jaŋde makko hakkundeere, Azikiwe ɗaɓɓiri golle koloñaal, o jaɓaa wonde binndoowo to departemaa kaalis. Wakkati maako nder kuugal koloñaal, holli mo limngal njiyaagu nder laamu koloñaal.{{sfn|Orji|2013|p=69}} Suɓaade Azikiwe janngude to Amerik e nokku Angalteer, ko batte Doktoor James Kwegyr Aggrey, nguurndam hooreejo leydi A. Garfield e Abraham Lincoln, Pan-Afriknism Marcus Garvey e woodgol ballal wonande almudɓe waasɓe, tawi alaa ko heɓaa e Angalteer. E pellital yahde caggal leydi ngam ɓeydaade jaŋde, Azikiwe ɗaɓɓiri jaŋde mum to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde to U.S. O jaɓaa to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Storer College, tawi ko e dow ballal makko e yiytude laawol feewde [[Amerik]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Commencement address at Storer delivered by African alumnus|date=14 June 1947|work=New Journal and Guide}}</ref> Ngam yettaade [[Amerik]], o jokkondiri e laana ndiwoowa, o waɗi e makko nanondiral ngam wonde stowaway.<ref name="theworldnews.net">{{Cite news|date=2019-02-03|title=Reminiscing The Founding Fathers: Nnamdi Azikiwe|url=https://leadership.ng/reminiscing-the-founding-fathers-nnamdi-azikiwe/|access-date=2021-10-19|newspaper=[[Leadership (newspaper)|Leadership]]|language=en-GB}}</ref> Kono gooto e sehilaaɓe makko wonnooɓe e laana kaa rafi, ɓe wasiyii yo ɓe njippo e Sekondi. To leydi [[Gana]], Azikiwe golliima ko polis ; yumma makko yilliima, o wiyi mo yo o hoot leydi [[Naajeeriya|Najeriya]]. O arti, baaba makko jaɓi wallitde mo yahde [[Amerik]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Heroes of the Past – Nnamdi Azikiwe – Everything But Coffee|url=https://everythingbutcoffee.biz/2020/05/11/heroes-of-the-past-nnamdi-azikiwe/|language=en-US|access-date=2020-05-29|archive-date=5 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200805024303/https://everythingbutcoffee.biz/2020/05/11/heroes-of-the-past-nnamdi-azikiwe/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Azikiwe janngi to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Storer, to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Harpers Ferry, to Virginie worgo. Ngam yoɓde nguurndam makko e jaŋde makko, o golliima golle keewɗe ɗe ngalaa nafoore hade makko winnditaade to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Howard to Washington, D.C. e hitaande 1927 ngam heɓde dipolomaaji makko e ganndal politik. E hitaande 1929, o ummii duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Howard o fayi duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Lincoln ngam timminde jaŋde makko leslesre, o heɓi kadi seedantaagal makko BA e ganndal politik e hitaande 1930.<ref name="Crisis-Jan1966">{{cite journal|last=Azikiwe|first=Nnamdi|editor1-first=James W.|editor1-last=Ivy|editor-link=James W. Ivy|date=January 1966|title=A teacher remembered|journal=Crisis|volume=73|issue=1|pages=54–55|publisher=The Crisis Publishing Company, Inc.|location=New York}}</ref><ref name="OnlineNigeria">{{cite web|url=http://www.onlinenigeria.com/people/ad.asp?blurb=66|title=Biography of Dr. Nnamdi Azikiwe|access-date=2007-09-05|work=[www.onlinenigeria.com]}}</ref> Azikwe ƴettii kursuuji e Alain Locke.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Getachew|first=Adom|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctv3znwvg|title=Worldmaking after Empire: The Rise and Fall of Self-Determination|date=2019|publisher=Princeton University Press|isbn=978-0-691-17915-5|pages=7|doi=10.2307/j.ctv3znwvg|jstor=j.ctv3znwvg}}</ref> Azikiwe wonnoo ko tergal e fedde nde.<ref>{{cite web|title=Politics and Leadership|url=http://www.pbs1914.org/sigmatoday/notablesigmapoliticsandleadership.asp|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070502181928/http://www.pbs1914.org/sigmatoday/notablesigmapoliticsandleadership.asp|url-status=dead|archive-date=2 May 2007|website=Phi Beta Sigma|access-date=7 November 2018}}</ref> Ndeen o naatii to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Lincoln to Pennsylvania e to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Pennsylvania e sahaa gooto e hitaande 1930, o heɓi dipoloma makko ko fayti e diine e filosofi to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Lincoln e hitaande 1932, o heɓi kadi dipoloma makko ko fayti e anthropologie to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Pennsylvania e hitaande 1933<ref name="UPenn">{{cite web|url=http://www.archives.upenn.edu/histy/notables/political/pennheads.html|title=Alumni, Faculty, and Trustees of the University of Pennsylvania Who Have Served as Heads of State or Government|access-date=2007-09-05|publisher=[[University of Pennsylvania|University Archives and Records Center University of Pennsylvania]]|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070205032053/http://www.archives.upenn.edu/histy/notables/political/pennheads.html|archive-date=5 February 2007}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.onlinenigeria.com/zik.asp|title=Nigeria – Dr. Nnamdi Azikiwe|website=www.onlinenigeria.com}}</ref>. Azikiwe wonti jannginoowo dipolomaaji to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Lincoln, ɗo o sosi janngirde daartol [[Afrik]].{{sfn|Tonkin|1990|p=41}} O woniino kanndidaa ngam heɓde dipolomaaji doktoraa to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde [[Colombia|Columbia]] hade makko hootde leydi [[Naajeeriya|Najeriya]] e hitaande 1934.<ref>{{cite news|title=Azikiwe May Accept Position in Liberia|date=21 July 1934|work=The New York Amsterdam News}}</ref> Wiɗtooji doktoraa Azikiwe ɗii ɓuri teeŋtude ko e Liberiya e nder politik winndere, e binndol makko ngol A. H. Stockwell yaltini e hitaande 1934. E nder sahaa mo o woni to [[Amerik]], o woniino winndiyanke to jaaynde Afro-Ameriknaare Baltimore, to Philadelphia Tribune e to jaaynde Associated Negro Press.<ref>{{cite news|author=Azikiwe, N.|date=1 January 1965|title=Nigerian pioneer|work=The New York Times}}</ref> Azikiwe ina joginoo miijooji jaayndeeji [[Afrik]]-[[Amerik]], Garveyism e Pan-Afriknaaɓe.<ref>{{cite news|author=Azikiwe, N.|date=1 January 1965|title=Nigerian pioneer|work=The New York Times}}</ref> === Feddeeji e renndooji === Fedde sukaaɓe worɓe kerecee en, duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Storer (1925-27) Cub hakkunde leyɗeele to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Howard (1928) Fedde binndol Stylus to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Howard (1923) Fedde hakkunde leyɗeele to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde [[Colombia|Columbia]] (1930-32) Fedde nguurndam, Duɗal Anthropoloji Laamu (1933) Fedde nguurndam, fedde faggudu laamɗo (1934) Tergal nguurndam, Fedde Angalteer ngam ɓamtaare ganndal (1947) Fedde Ameriknaare ngam sariyaaji hakkunde leyɗeele (1933–34) Fedde Annduɓe Anthropoloji Amerka (1932-1934) Fedde ganndal siyaas Amerik (1933-34) Fedde Annduɓe Leƴƴi Amerka (1933-34) Koolol ganndal siwil to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Lincoln (1934)<ref>{{Cite web|title=Anike|url=http://repository.unizik.edu.ng/bitstream/123456789/429/1/master%2C%2BAnike.pdf|website=repository.unizik.edu.ng}}</ref> [[File:Azikiwe playing American Football, Storer College, 1926.jpg|thumb|Azikiwe ina fija fuku [[Amerik]], to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Storer (1926)]] == Golle atletik == E fuɗɗoode golle makko, Azikiwe ina yahra e boks, atletik, njulaagu, fuku koyɗe e tennis.<ref name="Crisis-Jan19662">{{cite journal|last=Azikiwe|first=Nnamdi|editor1-first=James W.|editor1-last=Ivy|editor-link=James W. Ivy|date=January 1966|title=A teacher remembered|journal=Crisis|volume=73|issue=1|pages=54–55|publisher=The Crisis Publishing Company, Inc.|location=New York}}</ref> Football ko Biritaan en ngaddi ɗum e leydi [[Naajeeriya|Najeriya]] nde ɓe koloni [[Afrik]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Nnamdi Azikiwe|url=https://nnu.ng/post/Nnamdi-Azikiwe|website=Nigeria News Update.|language=en|access-date=2020-05-30}}</ref> Kono kala ligues sosaaɗe, ko ɗe ceerndaaɗe. Nnamdi yi'i ɗum bana tooñannge nden o wurti bee hooreejo to bannge fijirle jokkirgol e siyaasaaku haa timmoode jamaanu koloñaal.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Sports and the Modernity of Leisure in Nigeria: Stadium Space and the Symbolisms of Expressions, 1930–1980|url=https://repositories.lib.utexas.edu/bitstream/handle/2152/61376/OBASA-DISSERTATION-2015.pdf?sequence=1|last=Olusegun|first=Obasa|date=2015|website=repositories.lib.utexas.edu}}</ref> E hitaande 1934, Zik haɗaama tawtoreede kawgel ngel sabu leydi Nijeer jaɓaaka tawtoreede. Ɗum waɗii sahaa goɗɗo sabu iwdi makko Igbo, Zik fellitii wonde ina heddi, o yiɗi sosde fedde makko. Nnamdi sosi fedde Zik's ''Athletic Club'' (ZAC) nde udditanta dame mum ngam fijirde worɓe e rewɓe kala leƴƴi, leƴƴi, leƴƴi, e kala fannuuji leydi [[Naajeeriya]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Nationalist Period|url=http://webeninnigeriaghanatogoboutsport.weebly.com/nationalist-period.html|website=Sports and Politics in British West/Central Africa|access-date=2020-05-30|archive-date=5 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200805025704/http://webeninnigeriaghanatogoboutsport.weebly.com/nationalist-period.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> E hitaande 1942, fedde nde yahi haa heɓi Ligue [[Lagos]] e Kop ''Memorial War''. Caggal ɗeen nafooje, Nnamdi udditi caɗeele ZAC goɗɗe e nder leydi [[Naajeeriya|Najeriya]] fof. E nder duuɓi wolde ZAC ina yaha njilluuji.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Nnamdi Azikiwe Facts|url=https://biography.yourdictionary.com/nnamdi-azikiwe|website=biography.yourdictionary.com|access-date=2020-05-30}}</ref> ''Matchs'' ZAC ɗon waɗa nder lesdi ndi'i fuu, nden ɗum waɗi yimɓe [[Naajeeriya]] ɗon mari haaje kawtal e lesdi ndi'i ngam wallugo ɓe haɓugo ndimu.<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Establishment and the Achievements of the National Sports Commission in Nigeria|url=https://etd.ohiolink.edu/!etd.send_file?accession=osu1487093435463141&disposition=inline|last=Abioye|first=Joseph Adegboyega|date=1980|website=etd.ohiolink.edu}}{{Dead link|date=September 2023|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}</ref> E hitaande 1949, won e fukuyaŋkooɓe ZAC tawtoraama njillu to Angalteer. E gartugol maɓɓe e njillu ngu ɓe njooɗii to Freetown, Siyeraa Leyoon, e leydi Najeriya fooli yimɓe nokku oo e golle 2. Ndee nasaraaku ko ɓuri duuɓi sappo ko adii jeytaare leydi [[Naajeeriya]], kono ko nde jibinannde kippu ngenndiijo leydi [[Naajeeriya]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Nigerians Love For Football; is it too much?|url=https://soccernet.ng/2015/03/nigerians-love-for-football-is-it-too.html|date=2015-03-23|website=Soccernet.ng|language=en-US|access-date=2020-05-30}}</ref> E joofnirde, caggal duuɓi hare, e hitaande 1959, jaagorde Angalteer cakkitiinde yalti NFA, ñalnde 22 ut 1960, jonte seeɗa ko adii jeytaare mum, [[Naajeeriya]] naati e fedde fuku koyɗe winndereere wiyeteende FIFA.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Pictures & Documents: FIFA at 114, How Nigeria Became a Member|url=https://www.sportsvillagesquare.com/2018/05/21/pictures-documents-fifa-at-114-how-nigeria-became-a-member/|date=2018-05-21|website=Sports Village Square|language=en-US|access-date=2020-05-30|archive-date=4 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200804175655/https://www.sportsvillagesquare.com/2018/05/21/pictures-documents-fifa-at-114-how-nigeria-became-a-member/|url-status=dead}}</ref>Hay heen gootal waawaano wonde so wonaano Nnamdi Azikiwe. O hawti [[Naajeeriya]] bee fijirde nden o waddi hakkilo lesdi ndi'i wi'eteeɗum 'Nigerian-ness'. === Jaambaraagal dingiral === Sosɗo, ZiKs ''Athletic Club'' (e MRB. Oltun) ngam ɓamtugo fijooji, boksi, kirikit, njuulu e tennis nder leydi [[Naajeeriya]]. Gooliiɗo e yeeso, duɗal sukaaɓe metodist, [[Lagos]] (1921) Jaagorgal, Diwgol toowngol, M.B.H.S, e Jaagorgal, Ñalngu Laamu (1921) Jaagorɗo, tedduɗo, duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Storer (1925-27) Jaagorgal & Medaal kaŋŋe, Diwgol toowngol, Pijirlooji hakkunde duɗe HU (1926); Medaal kaŋŋe, doggol leydi, doggudu kilomeeteer gooto, doggudu kilomeeteer gooto, e diwgol toowngol, kawgel kaalis to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Storer (1926) Medaal, Pentatlon, kawgel kolees Storer (1925) Kapiteen, fedde janngirde Storer (1927) Medaal kaŋŋe, taƴoowo leydi, duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Storer (1921) Medaal njamndi mboɗeeri, maraton Laurel-Baltimore (1927) Jaagorɗo, dogdu ɓaleeru, duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Howard (1928) Kapiteen gooto, fedde fuku koyɗe duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Lincoln (1930) Doggol kilooji ɗiɗi, kawgel ɗiɗmel hakkunde duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Lincoln e duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Cheyney (1930) Medaal kaalis, doggudu kilooji ɗiɗi, kawgel hakkunde duɗe jaaɓi haaɗtirde Hampton Virginia (1931) Jaaliiɗo toɓɓere, dogdu Baltimore (1929, 1930) Medaal njamndi mboɗeeri, dogdu Richmond (1931) Toɓɓere Dowla, A.A.U. Kaɓirɗe hakkunde leyɗeele (1932) Medaal kaŋŋe, dogdu 1 000 yard, Pijirlooji Kaledoni to Brooklyn, New York (1932) Medaal kaŋŋe, Doggol Kilomeeteer gooto, e Doggol Kilomeeteer tati, Y MC.A. Pijirlooji, New York (1932) Koppi kaalis, dogdu feccere kiloomeeteer, e keɓɗo kopporeeje kaalis e nder dogdu kiloomeeteer gooto, kawgel ñalngu ladde Demokaraasi, New Haven, Connecticut (1933) Ɗiɗaɓo (e G.K Dorgu), kawgel tennis worɓe ɗiɗo Lagos, diɗɗal B (1938) Nafooje (gorko Anchor), Kippu ZAC e nder kawgel njulaagu [[Lagos]] (1939) Nasti ngam daranaago lesdi Naajeeriya nder fijirde Half-Mile e One Mile Run nder fijirde laamu lesdi Biritaniya nder hitaande 1934, ammaa A.A.A lesdi Biritaniya sali mo ngam 'daliilu karallaaku'. (Ngolɗoo jaɓgol addani mo winndude ɓataake lolluɗo, o woppi innde makko e ɗemngal Engele, hono Benjamin) === Tergal === Fedde fuku koyɗe Diamant (1922-24) Fedde fijooji Merkiir to New York (1932-34) Kaɓirgal tennis to Akra (1935-1937) Patron, fedde fijirde Zik (gila 1956) Hooreejo, Fedde Kirikit [[Naajeeriya]] (1940–44) Hooreejo, Fedde Njulaagu [[Naajeeriya]] (1938–41) Cukko hooreejo, fedde toppitiinde ko fayti e boksi leydi Nijeer (gila 1949) Hooreejo fedde fuku koyɗe diiwaan [[Lagos]] (1951-1954) Hooreejo, Fedde Fijooji Amateur [[Naajeeriya]] (gila 1952) Hooreejo, Fedde ''Tennis'' Tabal [[Naajeeriya]] (gila 1953) Cukko Patron e tergal Goomu, Goomu Olimpiyaade Nijeer, e Fedde Pijirlooji Laamu Biritaan e ''Commonwealth'' (gila 1951) <ref>Alegi, Peter (2010). African Soccerscapes: How a Continent Changed the World's Game. Ohio University Press. {{ISBN|978-0-89680-278-0}}.</ref> ​<ref>{{Cite web|title=Before Joining FIFA and CAF; Nigeria FA was Affiliated to the FA in England|url=https://www.sportsvillagesquare.com/2018/08/21/before-joining-fifa-and-caf-nigeria-fa-was-affiliated-to-the-fa-in-england/|date=2018-08-21|website=Sports Village Square|language=en-US|access-date=2020-05-30|archive-date=4 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200804235509/https://www.sportsvillagesquare.com/2018/08/21/before-joining-fifa-and-caf-nigeria-fa-was-affiliated-to-the-fa-in-england/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thehistoryville.com/nnamdi-azikiwe/|title=Nnamdi Azikiwe: How do We Remember Nigeria's First President? – HistoryVille|date=16 November 2022}}</ref> == Golle binndol == === Jaaynde jaayndeyaagal e tafngo === Rewɓe ɓee ndaranii yoɓde njoɓdi Angalteer e hitaande 1929, ko ɗum seedtini warngooji keewɗi e nder Opobo, tawi ko soldateeɓe Angalteer ardii ɗum en e nokkuuji goɗɗi e nder diiwaan fuɗnaange. Azikiwe, nde nani kewu nguu, winndi winndannde ñaawoore tiitoonde mum ko ‘Warde rewɓe e nder leydi Nijeer’, nde o woni e janngude haa jooni to Amerik e hitaande 1930, e ɓataake mo o winndi e oon sahaa, daraniiɗo hakkeeji siwil Pan-Afrik, hono W. E. B. Du Bois. Nde o woni to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Lincoln, Azikiwe winndi deftere makko adannde wiyeteende ‘Liberia e nder politik winndere’ e hitaande 1931. Azikiwe ɗaɓɓiriino wonde jaagorgal caggal leydi to leydi Liberiya, kono o saliima sabu o wonaa jeyaaɗo e leydi ndii.[52] E hitaande 1934, nde Azikiwe warti Lagos, o anndaa no feewi, o yi’aama no neɗɗo tedduɗo e won e renndo Lagos e Igbo.[53] O jaɓɓaama e juuɗe yimɓe seeɗa, kolliri binndi makko to Amerik ina laaɓi ina njottii Naajeeriya.[54] To leydi Nijeer, faandaare Azikiwe adannde ko heɓde darnde fotnde e jaŋde makko ; caggal ɗaɓɓaande keewnde nde o heɓaani (ina heen ngam heɓde posto janngingol to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde King’s College, Lagos), o jaɓi ɗaɓɓaande jom jawdi en Ganaa biyeteeɗo Alfred Ocansey ngam wonde gardiiɗo sosɗo jaaynde wiyeteende African Morning Post, jaaynde hesere ñalnde kala to Accra, Ganaa.[28][55] O rokkaama junngo ngam dogginde jaaynde ndee, o ƴetti gollotooɓe mum heewɓe e asliiji ɗii.[18] Azikiwe winndi "The Inside Stuff by Zik", deftere nde o winndi e nder mum ko fayti e ngenndiyaŋkaagal radikal e manngu ɓaleejo, ko ɗum addani won e kulhuli e nder dingiral koloñaal.[56] Ko o editor, o ƴelliti ajendaaji ngenndiyaŋkooɓe daraniiɓe Afrik.[28] Yuri Smertin siftinii binndol makko ngol ko, "binndanɗe cemmbinɗe e haalaaji renndo ɗi cemmbini njuɓɓudi koloñaal gonndi ndii : keeri hakke Afriknaaɓe hollirde miijooji mum en, e njiyaagu njiyaagu".[57] Yuri kadi ñiŋii ɓeen Afriknaaɓe jeyaaɓe e ‘elite’ renndo koloñaal, yiɗɓe jogaade njuɓɓudi gonndi ndii, nde tawnoo ɓe njiyri ɗum ko « tuugnorgal wellitaare maɓɓe.[58] E nder dumunna mo Azikiwe woni e Accra, o yahri yeeso e filosof makko Afrik keso mo o ƴeewti caggal ɗuum e nder deftere makko, Afrik[ Renas59]. E nder miijo filosof, Azikiwe wiyi wonde « ko leydi ɗo Afriknaaɓe ceertata e leƴƴi e laamuuji gaadanteeji, mbaylee e kuule filosof joy : ballondiral ruuhu, ƴellitaare renndo, pellital faggudu, ndimaagu hakkille e ngenndiyaŋkaagal risorgimento ». Azikiwe ronkaani politik Gold Coast, kadi jaaynde ndee ina wallita lannda Mambii nokku oo.[36] The Post, jaaynde nokkuure ndee yaltinii winndannde ñalnde 15 mee 1936, "Mbele Afriknaajo ina jogii Alla?" ko I. T. A. Wallace-Johnson, e Azikiwe (hono winndiyanke) ñaawaama sabu fitinaaji.[28] O fuɗɗii ko ñaaweede, o ñaawaa lebbi jeegom kasoo. E dow fenaande makko, Zik hollitii, "so tawii ko mi kuutorgal daɗndo ngal imperiyaalisma e nder Afrik hirnaange foti luulndaade e liɓde, kadi so tawii e nder ndeeɗoo njillu miɗo foti yoɓde njoɓdi ɓurndi toowde, ndeen alaa ko haani mi diwde walla mi diwta. Miɗo wondi e hoolaare ñalnde kala wonde the New restinality ina waawi wonde les Afrik keso oo stem it. Hay maayde am waawaa jokkude kristal mum." Caggal ɗuum o woppitaa e Ñaawirde Toownde Afrik Hirnaange.[60] Azikiwe warti Lagos nder hitaande 1937, o sosi jaaynde wiyeteende West African Pilot, jaaynde nde o huutortoo ngam ɓamtude ngenndiyaŋkaagal e nder leydi Najeriya, fedde Zik Group sosi jaayndeeji jowitiiɗi e toɓɓe politik e faggudu e nder gure teeŋtuɗe e nder leydi ndii fof.[61] Jaaynde ɓurnde mawnude e fedde ndee ko Pilot Afrik worgo, nde huutorii ko konngol Dante Alighieri « Hollit annoore, yimɓe ɓee keɓata laawol » ngam waɗde heen konngol mum. Binndanɗe goɗɗe ko Defender Naajeeriya Fombinaari ummoriiɗo Warri (caggal mum Ibadan), Gardiiɗo Fuɗnaange (sosaaɗo e hitaande 1940, yaltinaa to Port Harcourt), e Kaaloowo Naajeeriya to Onitsha.[62] Ko e hitaande 1944, fedde ndee heɓti deftere Dusé Mohamed Ali wiyeteende La Comète. Jaaynde Azikiwe ko njulaagu, kadi ko kuutorgal ngam politik e wallitde.[63] Pilot oo ɓuri tiiɗnaade ko e yeeyde ko ɓuri heewde ko e circulation, ko ɓuri heewde ko sabu firms expatriés ɓuri waawde faggudu leydi Najeriya.[64] Jaayɗe Azikiwe keewɗe teeŋtinii sensationalisme e daartol nafoore aadee ; the Pilot nastini yewtere fijirle e ta'irde rewɓe, ɓesdi yewtere dow kuuɗe Naajeeriya to ɗum hawti bee limngal limngal limngal limngal limngal Daily Times (ngal teddini limngal limngal yimɓe lesdi feere e limngal lesdi feere).[65] Doggol Pilot gadanol ngol ko 6 000 ekkol ñalawma kala ; e tolno mum ɓurɗo mawnude e hitaande 1950, nde ina yaltina ko ina tolnoo e 20 000 ekkol.[66] Azikiwe sosi gollorɗe njulaagu goɗɗe (hono Banke Kontinental Afrik e Restoran Penny) e oon sahaa, o huutorii jaayɗe makko ngam yeeyde ɗe.[67] Ko adii wolde adunaare ɗimmere, Pilot Afrik worgo[68] yiytaa ko no kaayitaaji etaade mahde tuugnorgal cirkulaasiyoŋ wonaa radikal peeñɗo. Editorialji ɓataake oo e yeewtere politik ndee ina teeŋtini tooñanngeeji baɗeteeɗi e Afriknaaɓe, e ñiŋde njuɓɓudi koloñaal e ballal miijooji eliteeji jannguɓe to Lagos.[67] Kono, e hitaande 1940, waylo-waylo seeɗa-seeɗa waɗi. No o waɗiri e jaaynde African Morning Post nii, Azikiwe fuɗɗii winndude lowre wiyeteende "Inside Stuff", nde o etotoo sahaa e sahaa fof ƴellitde hakkillaaji politik.[69] Editorialuuji jaaynde ndee ina noddi jeytaare Afrik, haa teeŋti noon caggal nde dille jeytaare Inndo ummii.[70] Hay so tawii kaayitaaji ɗii ina mballita Angalteer e nder wolde nde, ɗi ñiŋii peeje ustude ngalu ko wayi no ƴellitde cogguuli e ustude njoɓdi.[71] E hitaande 1943, Diiso Angalteer (Conseil britannique) wallitii rewooɓe Afrik worgo 8 (ina heen Azikiwe), kanko e rewooɓe 6 woɗɓe ɓe kuutoriima fartaŋŋe ngam humpitaade jeytaare politik potnde waɗeede. Jaayndiyankooɓe ɓee ciifi ɓataake ngam ɗaɓɓude peeje moƴƴe renndo-politik seeɗa-seeɗa, tawa ina jeyaa heen ittugol njuɓɓudi koloñaal korona, wakilaagu diiwaanuuji e jeytaare koloñaaluuji Afrik hirnaange Angalteer e hitaande 1958 walla 1960.[72] Memorandum oo, biro koloñaal oo yejjiti ɗum, ɗum ɓeydi fitinaaji Azikiwe.[73] Omo jogii nafoore mawnde e jaayɗe ko ina tolnoo e 12 ñalnde kala, ɗe Afriknaaɓe njiylotoo. Binndanɗe Azikiwe ko faati e ngenndiyaŋkaagal Afrik, mawnikinaare ɓaleeɓe e doole mum en, njibinii politikaaji koloñaal en heewɓe, naftorii Afriknaaɓe heewɓe ŋakkiraaɓe.[74] Jaayɗe Fuɗnaange Afrik ina keewi yaltude e ɗemngal Suwahili, so wonaa jaayɗe kabaruuji ko wayi no East African Standard. Azikiwe wayliima no feewi e nder jaayɗe Afrik worgo, hollitii wonde jaayndeyaagal e ɗemngal Engele ina waawi dañde nafoore. E hitaande 1950, jaayɗe joy ɓurɗe mawnude ɗe Afrik toppitii e nder diiwaan Fuɗnaange (ina heen jaaynde Nigerian Daily Times) ɓuri Pilot yeeyde. Ñalnde 8 lewru juko hitaande 1945, laamu leydi Najeriya haɗi Azikiwe Pilot Afrik hirnaange e Daily Comet ngam hollirde ko boni e humpitooji ko faati e seppo mawngo.[75] Azikiwe hay so jaɓii ɗum, o jokki e yaltinde binndanɗe ko faati e seppo ngoo e nder jaaynde wiyeteende Guardian (jaaynde makko Port Harcourt). O ardii seppo mawngo e hitaande 1945, o woni hooreejo leydi Naajeeriya fuɗnaange gila 1954 haa 1959.[76] E kitaale 1960, caggal jeytaare leydi Najeriya, Pilot ngenndiijo Afrik hirnaange ina teskaa e fuɗnaange. Azikiwe ƴettii faandaare teeŋtunde e pelle politik ɗe njiɗnoo ko ittude. O ñiŋaama e fedde Yoruba en sabu huutoraade jaaynde makko ngam haɗde luulndaade miijooji makko. E maayde Azikiwe, jaaynde The New York Times wiyi wonde o "toowiima e geɗe ngenndi ɓurndi heewde yimɓe e nder Afrik, o heɓi darnde jaambaaro ngenndiijo goonga, garɗo teskeede e nder diiwaanuuji e leƴƴi ceertuɗi leydi makko."[77] == Golle politik == Azikiwe wonti golloowo e nder fedde sukaaɓe Naajeeriya (NYM), fedde ngenndiyaŋkoore arandeere e nder leydi ndi.[78] Hay so tawii o walliino Samuel Akisanya ngam wonde kanndidaa NYM ngam heɓde jooɗorde wootere e nder Diiso sarɗiiji e hitaande 1941, tawi diiso doosɗe suɓiima Ernest Ikoli.[79] Azikiwe wurtini NYM, o tuumi ardungal ɓurngal ɗuuɗugo nder Yoruba'en ɗon ƴama yimɓe Ijebu-Yoruba'en e Igbo'en. Won e terɗe Ijebu ndewi e makko, pecci dille ɗee e laabi leƴƴi.[79] O naati nder siyaasaaku, o sosi kawtal lesdi Naajeeriya e lesdi Kameruun (NCNC) bee Herbert Macaulay nder hitaande 1944. Azikiwe laati hooreejo kawtal ngal nder hitaande 1946. NCNC hawti bee lanndaaji lesdi Naajeeriya, kawtal fina-tawaa, e kawtal kuugal lesdi Naajeeriya, Kawtal Rewbe Demokaraasi Naajeeriya ekn lannda woni lannda siyaasa tataɓal sosaangal nder leydi Naajeeriya ɓaawo lannda Democratic National Naajeeriya (kañum ne sosi ɗum Herbert Macaulay), e Mouvement Sukaaɓe Naajeeriya. Terɗe lannda kaa teeŋtuɗe ina njeyaa heen; Fumilayo Ransome-Kuti, M.I.Okpara, J.O. Fadahunsi, Eyo Ita, Margaret Ekpo, Raymond Njoku, F.S. McEwen, Festus Okotie-Eboh,Timote Paul Birabi, A.K. Blankson, Denis Osadebay, e TOS Benson.[80] === Tuumeede fedde === Sabu ballal Azikiwe e seppo mawngo e lewru suwee 1945 e njanguuji makko e laamu koloñaal, bayyinaango Pilot Afrik hirnaange dartinaama ñalnde 8 sulyee ndeen hitaande.[81] O yetti liggotooɓe seppooɓe ɓee e hooreejo maɓɓe, Michael Imoudu, o tuumi laamu koloñaal ina huutoroo liggotooɓe.[82] E lewru ut, jaaynde ndee jaɓaama fuɗɗaade yaltude.[83] E nder seppo ngo, Azikiwe ummini alarm ko faati e peeje warngooji ɗi yimɓe ɓe nganndaaka, gollotooɓe e innde laamu koloñaal.[82] Daartol makko e tuumeede ko mesaas wireless mo jaayndiyanke Pilot nanngi.[65] Caggal nde o heɓi mesaas mo o taƴi oo, Azikiwe naati suuɗde to Onitsha. Pilot yaltinii binndanɗe yurmeende e sahaa nde o alaa, kadi Naajeeriyankooɓe heewɓe ina ngoongɗini daartol warngo ngoo.[84][85] Lowre Azikiwe, e cirƴam jaayndeeji makko, ɓeydii e ooɗoo sahaa. Tuume ɗee ina cikki won e Naajeeriyankooɓe, ɓe cikkatnoo ko o waɗi ɗe ngam ɓamtude darnde makko.[86] Sikke alaa ko ɓuri heewde e maɓɓe ko politikaaji Yoruba en ummoriiɓe e fedde sukaaɓe Naajeeriya, ko ɗum waɗi luural hakkunde pelle ɗee e hare jaayndeeji hakkunde Pilot Azikiwe e Daily Service NYM. === Diɗɗal Zikist en === Sukaaɓe ɓee kawri ngam haɓaade laamu koloñaal Angalteer. Gooto e fedde sukaaɓe hono ndee ko Zikist en. Diɗɗal sukaaɓe ngal alaa ko bonnata – e gardagol Kolawole Balogun, Raji Abdallah, Osita Agwuna, M. C. K. Ajuluchukwu e Abiodun Aloba – sosaa ko e hitaande 1946 ngam daranaade nguurndam Azikiwe e miijooji mum laamu hoore mum. Kola Balogun woni hooreejo gadano dillere Zikist en. E lewru feebariyee 1946, Balogun neldi noddaango fotde sukaaɓe 20 to Lagos, ngam naamnaade miijo maɓɓe e geɗe ngenndiije. E nder capanɗe ɗiɗi ɗee, sappo e ɗiɗo njaabiima, ɗum addani sosde Diɗɗal Zikist, nde tawnoo ɓeen worɓe ngontii terɗe sosɗe maggal. Nwafor Orizu sinci helmere 'Zikism' diga Azikiwe nde laati innde diina man.[89] O wonaa tergal e dillere nde kono ko o sehil ɓadiiɗo e jiɗɗo Azikiwe, kadi omo jeyaa e sukaaɓe heewɓe ɓe Azikiwe doolni ngam janngude to Amerik, e sara Eyo Ita e KO Mbadiwe. Raji Abdallah wonti hooreejo ɗiɗaɓo fedde Zikist, caggal nde Balogun ummii Londres, o golliima gila 1948 haa 1949. O waɗii nafoore mawnde e heɓde ballal to bannge worgo e jeyeede e fedde nde. Abdallah e Osita Agwuna (jaagorde makko) ko ɓooyaani koo mbaɗi fedde wiyeteende “Anti-Colour Bar Mouvement” (ACBM) to Kano, fedde nde ina luulndii njiyaagu seerndude ɓaleeɓe e ɓaleeɓe e nder leydi Nijeer. ACBM caggal mum fusi e nder fedde Zikist ɓurnde mawnude.[90] No Balogun nii, e hitaande 1948, Abdallah riiwaa e golle mum e nder sarwiis jaayndeeji Kano, sarwiis jaayndeeji rajooji. Ko riiwtude mo addani mo ɓeydaade jokkondirde e Mouvement Zikist. O riiwaa sabu naatgol makko e dillere Zikist ina sikkaa ko politik ɓurɗo laaɓtude wonande golloowo laamu. Abdallah ñaawaa caggal mum ñalnde 7 noowammbar 1948 to Ñaawirde Toownde Lagos, ɗo o waɗi konngol, o wiyi nii, "Ɗum ko ñalawma teeŋtuɗo no feewi. Ko ɓuri teeŋtude, ma a taw e nder daartol leydi men. Miɗo noddira ɗum ko ɓuri teeŋtude sabu ko hannde pot-ɗen fellitde, mbele eɗen poti anndude hol ko foti wonde freemen walla alaa?" "Miɗo yiɗi Union Jack e ɓernde am fof. Sabu so wonaa e nder leydi Angalteer, ɗo yahrata fof; woɗɗi hawrude, ina renndini yimɓe ɓee. Mi alaa ko njogiimi e laamɗo George VI mo Angalteer. Kono miɗo yiɗi Crown leydi Angalteer e ɓernde am fof. Ngam miin e banndiraaɓe am, ko maande tooñannge, maande tooñannge, maande tooñannge, ko juuti e inige petition. En njaltii e duuɓi dipolomasi. Ko ɗum waɗi, miɗo ɗoo jamma, ngam noddirde spade ko spade, e machete ko machete." "Hande, min, Habibu Raji Abdallah, bee mo'ere Allah, hooreejo lesdi Zikist Movement e Field Secretary NCNC, mi ɗon anndina hoore am mi ɓii lesdi Naajeeriya jeytaare e jeytaare. Mi walaa gooŋgaaku haa kala laamu jananndu, nden boo nder walaa' laamu lesdi Naajeeriya e heforth ngam yimɓe lesdi Naajeeriya; haani ɗooftaade kala sariya, ko wonaa sariyaaji ɓiɗɓe leydi Najeriya, aadaaji e sariyaaji hakkunde leyɗeele. Ko ɗum waɗi, mi yoɓataa njoɓdi ndii e ooɗoo laamu.Ngam so a yoɓii, ɓe kuutortoo ko kaalis ngam duumaade njiimaandi maɓɓe e dow maa."[citation needed] E dow ñaawoore makko, o jaabtii e mitigation Greggcitation, presitation, "so tawii aɗa gooŋɗini e goonga wonde ko bonannde haɓaade ndimaagu, ndeen noon, e kala sahaa, ñaaw am haa mi wara. So tawiino miɗo woppitee hannde, mi waawaa rokkude hoolaare ngam muusde ɗemngal am. Miin noon, ɓernde am ina laaɓi, miɗo weltii e accude ñaawoore sakkitiinde nde So rifatho, the fuverill to weltaare waɗɓe ma ɗoo mi acca ñaawoore sakkitiinde ndee e Alla.” [90][91][92] Konnguɗi makko lolluɗi ɗii njahdi ko caggal keeri leydi Najeriya, ɗi njaɓaa ko e lannda leƴƴi kawral (CPP) mo Kwame Nkrumah to Cote d’Or (hannde Ganaa). Laamu koloñaal jaɓaani moƴƴere e les njiimaandi rewolison e nulal Abdallah. Ko ɗum waɗi Abdallah e ardiiɓe fedde Zikist en nayo nanngaa, ɓe tuumaama ko ɓe fitinaaji.[89] Ndeeɗoo ƴaañgal e ardorde Zikist en addani njuɓɓudi goɗndi e nder Diɗɗal Zikist en, addani Nduka Eze yaltude hooreejo leydi, caggal nde Abdallah sokaa, Mokwugo Okoye wonti sekreteruuji mawɗi. Zikist en, e nder yontaaji, njaltii e NCNC, ɓuri ngenndiyaŋkooɓe e njuɓɓudi jibinannde mum en. Ofiseeji koloñaal en njiyri dille Zikist en ko renndo ngo rewaani laawol, ɓe njaltini yamiroore (Order-in-Council), ɓe kaɗi dille Zikist en ñalnde 12 abriil 1950. Caggal ɗuum fedde nde fusi, terɗe mayre mbayli e politik, e njulaagu, e laamu aadaaji.[]39] === Luulndaade doosgal leydi Richards === E hitaande 1945, guwerneer leydi Biritaan biyeteeɗo Arthur Richards hollitii eɓɓooje ngam waylude doosɗe leydi Clifford ɗe hitaande 1922.[70] Ina jeyaa e eɓɓaande ndee ɓeydugol terɗe Afrik toɗɗaaɗe e Diiso sarɗiiji. Kono waylooji ɗii ko ngenndiyankooɓe hono Azikiwe luulndii ɗum en.[74] Politiyankooɓe NCNC njaɓaani kuule ɗe Arthur Richards ƴetti, kam e kuulal doosgal leydi ndi ina ɗaɓɓi terɗe Afriknaaɓe nay cuɓaaɗe tan ; heddiiɓe ɓee maa ngona kanndidaaji toɗɗaaɗi.[94] Kanndidaaji Afriknaaɓe toɗɗaaɗi ɗii ko lolluɓe laamu koloñaal, tee ɓe njiɗaa laamu hoore maɓɓe e dow fenaande. Daartol luulndo ngoɗngol ko ŋakkeende nafoore ngam yahrude yeeso Afriknaaɓe e jappeere laamu toownde. NCNC ina hebli ngam haɓaade haala mum e laamu kesu nguu, hono Clement Attlee to leydi Angalteer.[95] Jaɓɓungal leydi ndi fuɗɗii ngam humpitaade ko woni e lannda ka, e dañde kaalis ngam seppo leydi Angalteer.[96] Hooreejo lannda NCNC, Herbert Macaulay maayi e nder njillu ngu, Azikiwe ƴetti ardaade lannda ka. O ardii delegaasiyoŋ oo haa Londres, ngam heblude njillu nguu, o yahi Amerik ngam ɗaɓɓude yurmeende e haala lannda kaa. Azikiwe hawri e Eleanor Roosevelt to Hyde Park, o haali ko fayti e "rimɗinde leydi Naajeeriya e maccungaagu politik, ŋakkeende kisal faggudu e ŋakkeende renndo".[97] Delegaasiyoŋ Angalteer ina jeyaa heen Azikiwe, Funmilayo Ransome-Kuti, Zanna Dipcharima, Abubakar Olorunimbe, P. M. Kale, Adeleke Adedoyin e Nyong Essien. Ɓe njilliima Biro Kolonial Fedde Fabian, Goomu Laamɗo Gollotooɓe e Dental Almudɓe Afrik Hirnaange ngam humpitaade eɓɓooji mum ngam waylude doosɗe leydi 1922. Ina jeyaa e eɓɓooje NCNC, jokkondirde e Afriknaaɓe ko faati e waylooji doosɗe leydi Najeriya, ɓeydude doole e nder suudu sarɗiiji diiwaan oo e ustude doole e nder suudu sarɗiiji hakkundeejo to bannge difagol, kaalis e geɗe caggal leydi.[100] Delegaasiyoŋ oo yettinii eɓɓaaɗe mum to gardiiɗo jaagorɗe koloñaal, kono ko seeɗa tan waɗi ngam waylude eɓɓaaɗe Richards. Doosgal Richards fuɗɗii golle ko e hitaande 1947, Azikiwe haɓa e gooto e jooɗorɗe Lagos ngam leeltinde golle mum.[101] === Duuɓi 1950 haa 1953 === E nder doosgal leydi Richards, Azikiwe suɓaama e nder Diisnondiral Legislatif e nder wooteeji municipaal Lagos ummoraade e lannda Demokaraasi ngenndiijo (fotde NCNC).[102] Kanko e wakiliijo lannda makko ɓe tawtoraaka batu gadano diisnondiral ngal, kadi agitaasiyoŋ ngam waylude doosgal leydi Richards addani doosgal leydi Macpherson.[74] Doosgal Macpherson fuɗɗii golle ko e hitaande 1951, hono no doosgal Richards nii, noddi wooteeji e nder suudu sarɗiiji diiwaan oo. Azikiwe saliima waylooji ɗii, o haɓanaaki fartaŋŋe waylude doosgal leydi kesal ngal. Wooteeji limtaaɗi mbaɗaama tuggi lewru ut haa lewru desaambar 1951.[103] To Diiwaan Hirnaange (ɗo Azikiwe darinoo ɗoo), lanndaaji ɗiɗi ɓuri heen heewde : NCNC mo Azikiwe e Goomu golle. Woote Asaambele diiwaan Hirnaange mbaɗaama e lewru suwee e desaambar 1951 sabu doosgal leydi ndii ina ɗaɓɓi e kollirɗe woote ngam suɓaade terɗe suudu sarɗiiji ngenndi ; ko ɓuri heewde e Action Group e nder suudu nduu ina waawi haɗde Azikiwe yahde suudu sarɗiiji.[104] O heɓi jooɗorde asamblee diiwaan oo gila Lagos, kono lannda luulndo ngoo wiyi ina jogii ɓural e nder suudu sarɗiiji, Azikiwe kadi daranaaki Lagos e nder suudu sarɗiiji fedde nde. E hitaande 1951, o wonti hooreejo luulndo laamu Obafemi Awolowo to suudu sarɗiiji diiwaan hirnaange. Azikiwe suɓaaka e nder batu ngenndi, waɗii jiiɓru e nder hirnaange.[105] Nanondiral hakkunde terɗe NCNC cuɓaaɗe ummoriiɗe Lagos ngam woppude Azikiwe so tawii o suɓaaka, yanii. Azikiwe tuumi doosgal leydi, o yiɗi ko waylooji mbaɗee. NCNC (mo jiimi e Diiwaan Fuɗnaange) jaɓi, e ƴettude peeje ngam waylude doosɗe leydi.[106] Azikiwe ummiima to Diiwaan Fuɗnaange e hitaande 1952,[107][108] e batu diiwaan mo NCNC ɓuri heewde oo waɗi eɓɓooje ngam jaɓɓaade mo. Hay so tawii jaagorɗe diiwaan e hakkundeeje lannda kaa ɗaɓɓiraama yo njokku laamu e nder mbayliigu kabine, ko ɓuri heewde e maɓɓe njaɓaani ɗaɓɓaande ndee.[109] Ndeen asaambele diiwaan oo waɗii woote ngam waasde hoolaade jaagorɗe ɗee, kadi kuule appropriation neldaaɗe to ministeer oo njaɓaaka.[81] Ɗum addani diiwaan hee ŋakkere, lietnaa-guwerneer oo fusi galle diiwaan oo. Woote kese ngartiri Azikiwe e wonde tergal Asammbele Fuɗnaange. O suɓaama hooreejo lesdi Naajeeriya, nden o laati hooreejo lesdi Naajeeriya nder hitaande 1954 nde ɗum warti kawtal lesdi Naajeeriya. == Premier diiwaan Fuɗnaange == Azikiwe wonti hooreejo leydi diiwaan Fuɗnaange e hitaande 1954 caggal nde doosgal kesal waɗtaa e golle. Komisiyoŋ faggudu diiwaan Fuɗnaange Azikiwe gollondirii e Orop e Amerik worgo ngam wallitde ƴellitaare e nder diiwaan hee, e nder njulaagu, e nder njulaagu nebam leɗɗe, e nder njamndi e kemikal e nder diiwaan hee. O mahii sosiyetee semmbe Nijeer lolluɗo to Nkalagu e nder diiwaan Ebonyi hannde oo, o fuɗɗii golle ñalnde 1 lewru Yarkomaa hitaande 1955. O mahii gaas Nijeer. O sosi kadi sosiyetee gadano e nder leydi Nijeer, biyeteeɗo Niger Steel. O sosi banke ɓiɓɓe lesdi Naajeeriya arandeejo, Banke Afrik (ACB). Ummingo ACB waɗi ngomnati Hirnaange lesdi Naajeeriya sosde Banki lesdi Naajeeriya, ngomnati woylaare lesdi Naajeeriya darni banki woylaare. ACB ina waɗi nafoore e feeñde e fedde njulaagu mawnde to Fuɗnaange gila e kitaale 1950. Banki oo kadi waɗii geɗe keewɗe e ƴellitaare gonnooɗo Biafrannaaɓe e darnugol hareeji e hitaande 1970. O sosi porogaraam jaŋde baawɗo rokkude leydi Naajeeriya wontude leydi ɓurndi yaajde e yeeyde jaŋde caggal leydi e nder Afrik. Azikiwe sosi fedde ƴellitaare fuɗnaange Naajeeriya, nde waɗii darnde mawnde e mahngo duɗal jaaɓi-haaɗtirde Naajeeriya to Nsukka, duɗal jaaɓi-haaɗtirde gadanal e nder leydi ndi, ngal timmungal, e hitaande 1960. Duɗal jaaɓi-haaɗtirde Naajeeriya sosaa ko ñalnde 18 lewru Mbooy hitaande 1955, caggal nde sariya ngam sosde duɗal jaaɓi-haaɗtirde ngal e les njiimaandi Inter- Council Jaŋde e caggal leydi e njuɓɓudi gollondiral hakkunde leyɗeele (jooni USAID), J.W. Cook (VC mo Duɗal Jaaɓihaaɗtirde Exeter), Dr John A. Hannah (Hooreejo Duɗal Jaaɓihaaɗtirde Michigan State), e Dr Glen L. Taggart, Deenoowo Porogaraamuuji hakkunde leyɗeele (MSU), ngarii e leydi Nijeer e hitaande 1958. Goomu nguu ƴeewtindiima nokku oo to Nsukka, e wiɗtude no feewi geɗe keewɗe ceertuɗe jowitiiɗe e sosde duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde kesal. Hayre nden waɗaama wakkati juulde jeytaare lesdi Naajeeriya, nde laamiiɗo debbo Alexandra mo Kent, laamiiɗo debbo Elizabeth II, wadi ɗum. Kalaasuuji puɗɗii ko ñalnde 17 oktoobar 1960 e binnditagol 220 almuudo e 13 tergal gollordu jaŋde. Nde laati Jaami'aare arandeere nder Naajeeriya, jaami'aare arandeere nde laamu lesdi Naajeeriya sosi, nden nder hitaande 1963, jaami'aare arandeere hokkata dipolomaaji lesdi Naajeeriya.[110] E hitaande 1957, Azikiwe haaliino e nulaaɓe Angalteer e Naajeeriya e nder batu Lancaster House e hitaande 1957, ɗo doosɗe fedde nde ngam Naajeeriya jeytaare mum feewnaa. Joɗnde nde ko gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi Biritaan ardii, waɗii won e nulaaɓe leydi Najeriya. Ardii dental ngal ko Abubakar Tafawa Balewa mo kawtal yimɓe woylaare, Obafemi Awolowo mo fedde Action, Eyo Ita mo lannda ngenndiijo jeytaare e Ahmadu Bello mo kawtal yimɓe woylaare. Ñalnde 3 feebariyee 1959, Azikiwe jaɓɓiima Kwame Nkrumah (gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi Gana keso toɗɗaaɗo) njillu to fuɗnaange leydi Nijeer. O yilli suudu joonde diiwaan fuɗnaange e wondude e wondiiɓe makko, Hon. Jaagorgal ko feewti e geɗe caggal leydi, hono Kodjo Botsio e wasiyaaji ko feewti e geɗe Afrik, hono George Padmore. Nnamdi Azikiwe huutoriima ñalngu nguu, to suudu sarɗiiji fuɗnaange, ngam waɗde konngol teddinoowo gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi ndi hono Nkrumah, o siftini no Kwame dartiniri golle Afrik. Ñalnde 1 oktoobar 1959, Azikiwe lomtii Michael Okpara, gardiiɗo diiwaan fuɗnaange. Ñalnde 28 oktoobar 1959, guwerneer seneraal Robertson habrii fusde suudu sarɗiiji leydi ndii, tawi ina waɗi 184 tergal, tuggi 1 noowammbar 1959, mbele woote jeytaare ina mbaɗee. Ñalnde 12 desaambar 1959, woote parlemaa mbaɗaama to Nijeer ngam ƴamde 312 jooɗorde e nder suudu sarɗiiji. Diɗɗal lesdi Naajeeriya e Kamerun (NCNC) ngal Azikiwe woni arandeere nden heɓi 2,594,577 woote e 89 jooɗorde. Fedde Awolowo (AG), woni 2ɓo e 1 992, 364 woote e 75 jooɗorde. Kongres yimɓe woylaare lesdi Tafawa Balewa (NPC) woni 3ɓo e 1 922 179 e 148 e nder 312 jooɗorde nder suudu sarɗiiji. Lanndaaji tati mawɗi ɗi e nder woote ɗee mbaawaano heɓde jooɗorɗe keewɗe ngam sosde laamu. Guverneur général Robertson noddi Tafawa Balewa yo o dañ laamu ngu. Ñalnde 16 desaambar, Ahmadu Bello e Tafawa Balewa etinooma yettaade nanondiral ngam waawde jogaade laamu nguu hakkunde NPC e NCNC. Governor General humpitaama e kawral ngal, ko ɗum waɗi o jaɓi kabine sappo e jeegom mo Balewa suɓii.[111][112] == Ndimaagu leydi Naajeeriya == Ñalnde 29 lewru juko hitaande 1960, parlemaa leydi Biritaan ƴetti kuulal jeytaare leydi Najeriya, hitaande 1960, ngal hokki ndimaagu leydi Najeriya. Jamma 30 suwee 1960, laana ndiwoowa British Union Jack jippinaa e kewu mawningol, tawi tedduɓe tawtoraama. Ñalnde 3 oktoobar 1960, laamɗo debbo biyeteeɗo Alexandra lomtotooɗo laamɗo debbo oo, udditi Parlemaa gadano leydi ndii. Doosgal kesal, sosngal njuɓɓudi fedde nde gardiiɗo jaagorɗe cuɓaaɗo e hooreejo leydi kewu sosaa. Laamu kawtal NCNC e NPC woni laamu nde Naajeeriya heɓi ndimu mum e hitaande 1960, Sir Tafawa Balewa woni hooreejo leydi ndi, Dr. Nnamdi Azikiwe woni hooreejo Senaa. Ɓooytaani, Azikiwe lomtii Sir James Robertson, wonti Guwerneer Seneraal gadano e nder leydi ndii. Kono e nder doosɗe leydi Najeriya, guwerneer jeneral ko hooreejo leydi tan. Darnde Guwerneer-General e terɗe Diisnondiral Laamɗo debbo, mbaɗti Azikiwe dow politik lannda. Kabinee hooreejo lesdi Naajeeriya arandeere Tafawa Balewa hawti bee; M Johnson, Bukar Dipcharima, Ayo Rosiji, Aja Wachukwu, Kolawole Balogun, e Victor Mukete (Kamerun), Samuel Akintola, Raymond Njoku, Alhaji Ribadu, Kingsley O. Mbadiwe, Festus Okotie-Eboh, e Allaji Inua Wada.[113][14] Sir Tafawa Balewa waɗii konngol mum to nokku biyeteeɗo Race Course (hannde ko nokku Tafawa Balewa) to Lagos e nder ñalɗi jeytaare leydi ndii. E nder konngol makko o wiyi, "Kewu hannde oo ko ñalngu nguu, ko ñalngu nguu fuɗɗii duuɓi sappo e joyi jooni, ngu yettiima ɗo haaɗi. Ko e manngu laaɓtungu, min mbiyata ko keɓgol Jeytaare men ngol alaa ko nanndi e mum e nder annals daartol. Kala taƴre men nde ina waɗi planfuncelly e dow doosgal men e kaaldigal udditiingal, wonaa tan hakkunde wakili’en denndaangal nafooje ceertuɗe e nder leydi Najeriya kono ko e ballondiral e laamu njuɓɓudi ndi hannde woppi laamu mum."[115] == Gomnajo lesdi Naajeeriya == Nde ngon-mi suka mi yi’i gite: gite Naajeeriya wonta leydi mawndi e nder duunde Afrik ummotoonde; visions of Nigeria hokkata ndimu haa ɓe nder maccungaaku, e heɓugo laawol demokaraasi ngam ɓe ɗonno lulla nder illusion of security les laamu koloñaal..Miɗo hooli mi hoyɗan koyɗi am nder jam e ɓeydaari cemmbiɗinki yimɓe leydi am Naajeeriya. Motto fedde jeytaare leydi Naajeeriya woni Kawtal e Nuɗɗinki. Miɗo ñaagii nde ndeenten ngootaagu men, ndeentoo goonɗinal men. — Nnamdi Azikiwe (duuɓi 1960, Londres)[116] Azikiwe ko gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi Angalteer, hono Harold Macmillan, wasiyii mo yo lomto Sir James Robertson, e nder njillu makko to Lagos e fuɗɗoode hitaande 1960. Joɗnde Guwerneer-Jeneral fedde nde e nder haala tiitoonde, waɗi mo wakiliijo laamɗo leydi Angalteer to leydi Nijeer. Udditgol Azikiwe e lewru noowammbar 1960, seedtiima yoga e gollodiiɓe makko e nder Atlantik ɓaleejo, won heen ko Martin Luther King Jr. Du Bois, Sirli Graham Du Bois, Ami Jak Garvey, e Joorji S. Suyler.[117] Martin Luther King Jr. hollitii wonde hareeji ndimaagu e nder leydi Nijeer e nder leyɗeele Afrik goɗɗe ina njogii batte keewɗe e dille jojjanɗe aadee Amerik, o siftini wonde Azikiwe e ardiiɓe Afrik woɗɓe ko "jaambaarooji ɓurɗi lollude e ko ɓuri heewde e duɗe jaaɓi haaɗtirde Negro en aduna o." Haa timminorde haala maako, Zik wi'i, "min, ɓe mbaawata siftoreede no haanirta nii, min mbaɗi Naajeeriya hannde, ɓe ngaddi ndimu nder leydi men, ɓe ndewi kawtal men bana lenyol", ko "taariiha hokki yam geɓe mawɗe ngam mi heɓa batte duumotooɗe e ngam wadduki haaje yimɓe men." O wiyi kadi "mi jogaaki miijo e wellitaare am walla hay kisal walla hay nguurndam e hoore mum, so tawii ko ɗeen ngoni coggu ngu pot-mi yoɓde ngam ardaade ngam hisnude ndimaagu e ngootaagu leydi am."[118] Azikiwe tawtoraama batu diiwaan Afrik gadano Fedde Adunaare Golle (OIT), ngu yuɓɓinaa to Lagos, leydi Nijeer e lewru Duujal 1960. Tawtoraama heen: Mr. Johnson, jaagorgal golle leydi Nijeer e hooreejo batu nguu, Mr. Demby, jaagorgal golle leydi Siyeraa Leyoon, e David Director A-G19,[ ILO.19]. E lewru desaambar 1961 Fedde Ameriknaare Pinal Afrik (AMSAC) yuɓɓinii ñalngu mawngu e nder wuro Lagos, to leydi Nijeer. Yimɓe Ameriknaaɓe mawɓe ko wayi no Nina Simone, Langston Hughes, e Lionel Hampton njahii e yahdu AMSAC timmundu ngam semmbinde jokkondiral hakkunde Afriknaaɓe e Ameriknaaɓe/Afriknaaɓe. Ɓe njaɓɓaama e Azikiwe to Lagos.[120] Ñalnde 17 noowammbar 1961, e nder konngol makko to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Najeriya to Nsukka, Zik hollitii eɓɓaande mum ngam Najeriya ƴettude doosgal leydi republique tawa ina heddii e tergal Commonwealth. E hitaande 1962, Azikiwe eeriima ardiiɓe Afrik e nder batu Lagos, yo cos fedde dowlaaji Afrik. Koolol Lagos ngol winnditii sarɗiiji eɓɓaaɗi ngam "Fedde hakkunde Afrik e Malagasi" e gardagol Azikiwe. Caggal ɗuum, nde jaɓaa e lewru mee 1963 e Fedde Ngootaagu Afrik.[121] E hitaande 1963, Azikiwe yamiri gollorde gadane nde Guinness mahi caggal leydi Irlannda e Angalteer to Lagos == Hooreejo leydi (1963-1966) == Leydi Naajeeriya sosaa ko ñalnde 1 oktoobar 1963, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa woni gardiiɗo jaagorɗe (hooreejo laamu) e Benjamin Nnamdi Azikiwe woni hooreejo (hooreejo leydi) e hooreejo konu. Gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi ndi hono Tafawa Balewa hollitii waylude doosgal leydi ndi 1960 ngam waylude Azikiwe e wonde Guwerneer Jeneral, e waylude tiitoonde makko e wonde hooreejo leydi kewu. Balewa hollitii wonde Azikiwe ina foti innireede hooreejo leydi e nder doosɗe leydi 1963 sabu leydi Naajeeriya meeɗaani yoɓde Dr. Ko zuum wazi, kuulal 157 doosgal leydi Najeriya 1963, tiitoonde mum ko Nnamdi Azikiwe ngam wonde hooreejo leydi, ina winndaa heen "Nnamdi Azikiwe ina foti wonde hooreejo leydi e ñalngu ngu doosgal leydi ndi fuzzii."[122][123] Ñalnde 30 lewru Duujal hitaande 1964, wooteeji feddeeji gadani e nder leydi Nijeer gila nde heɓi jeytaare mum. Woote ɗee njoofiima jonte keewɗe sabu luural hakkunde limoore inɗe gonɗe e doggol wooteeji ɗii e doggol binnditagol ngol. Lebbi jeegom caggal wooteeji ɗii, fotde 2 000 neɗɗo maayi e fitinaaji baɗnooɗi e nder diiwaan hirnaange.[124] === 1964 kiris e kuudetaa === Nigerian Daily Express wi'i nyande 3 mars 1964, "Haa heɓugo ndimu lesdi Naajeeriya nder hitaande 1960, eɓɓoore amin arandeere ngam anndugo ɗuuɗal yimɓe lesdi Naajeeriya laati kuugal limngal yimɓe lesdi Naajeeriya nder hitaande 1962. Hooreejo komitiiru limngal lesdi Naajeeriya wakkati man woni J. J. Warren. Njeñtudi limngal yimɓe lesdi Naajeeriya ko ɓuri miliyon ha Gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi ndii, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa salii njeñtudi ndi o woppi Mr. Warren, o yamiri yo o riiwtu e hitaande 1963. Caggal nde o waɗi manipulaasiyoŋ, njeñtudi binnditagol ngol hollitii wonde Fuɗnaange ina les limtaa e miliyoŋaaji 8,5 e nder hitaande 1962 gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi ndii ɓeydii dow limoore ndee haa 65,66 miliyoŋ woote fedde ndee e lewru desaambar 1964 ngaddi caɗeele mawɗe, ruppitii laamu kawral NPC e NCNC. Wooteeji ɗii mbaɗii boykotuuji keewɗi, njulaagu, hulɓinaare, njulaagu e fitinaaji ɗi Azikiwe waɗi haa o salii noddude gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi ndii hono Balewa ngam sosde laamu kesu. Balɗe seeɗa, jokkere enɗam apokaliptik ina jokki e dow leydi ndii haa nde Azikiwe ƴetti konngol e dow doosɗe leydi ndii.[126] == Nguurndam neɗɗo == Azikiwe resi debbo mum gadano biyeteeɗo Flora Azikiwe ñalnde 4 abriil 1936 to Akra, to Cote d’Or nde o woni gardiiɗo jaaynde Afrik subaka. Ɓe ndañi ɓiɓɓe nayo, ɓiɗɗo debbo gooto e ɓiɓɓe worɓe tato. E hitaande 1973 Azikiwe resi debbo mum ɗiɗaɓo Uche Azikiwe nde o yahrata e duuɓi 26. Ɓe ndañi ɓiɓɓe ɗiɗo. == Posto hooreejo leydi e duuɓi cakkitiiɗi == Laamu leydi Najeriya momti diiwanuuji feddeeji nay ɗii ñalnde 24 lewru mbooy hitaande 1966. Won e leƴƴi fuɗnaange fotde 115 neɗɗo mbaraama e nder fitinaaji politik ñalnde 28 lewru mbooy-2 lewru juko hitaande 1966 ñalnde 29 sulyee 1966. Fotde 30 neɗɗo mbaraama e hareeji politik to Lagos ñalnde 29 sulyee-1 ut 1966, fotde 250 000 leñol fuɗnaange ndogi ummoraade e diiwaan Fuɗnaange fayde e diiwaan fuɗnaange caggal kuudetaa konu. Lietnaa Kolonel Yakubu Gowon huniima wonde hooreejo laamu konu fedde nde caggal kuudetaa konu, o artiri diiwanuuji fedde ndee nay ñalnde 31 ut 1966. Fotde 2 000 leñol Igbos mbaraama e nder fitinaaji politik e nder diiwaan Fuɗnaange to4ctober L69 Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu, guwerneer konu diiwal fuɗnaange leydi Naajeeriya, anndinii dow diiwal ngal natti jaɓugo Gowon bana hooreejo laamu konu lesdi Naajeeriya nyande 2 mars 1967. Lietnaa Kolonel Gowon hoosi bawɗe timmuɗe bana komandaajo mawdo laamu e hooreejo laamu militaari7 ngam ardungal 1967. Gowon anndini laamu nguu ñalnde 28 lewru Mbooy hitaande 1967. Ojukwu bayyini jeytaare leydi Biafra to fuɗnaange leydi Nijeer ñalnde 30 lewru Mbooy hitaande 1967 caggal nde laamu fedde ndee teddinaani nanondiral Aburi.[127] 127 128 129 130 77. Azikiwe e fuɗɗoode ina wallitnoo Biafra e anndinde ɗum e nder winndere ndee. O huutoriima doole makko politik ngam ardaade delegaasiyoŋ Biafra caggal leydi ngam jaɓde dowla jeytaare. E hitaande 1968, nde o yiyi batte hare ndee, o ñaagii Ojukwu nde o joofnata kaaldigal e Gowon, tawi o dañaani heen nafoore. Azikiwe woɗɗitii politik caggal wolde. O woniino hooreejo duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Lagos tuggi 1972 haa 1976. Jokkugol laamu konu e rokkude laamu laamu demokaraasi e hitaande 1979 rokki Azikiwe fartaŋŋe wartaade politik. O naati nder lanyol yimɓe lesdi Naajeeriya nder hitaande 1978, o waɗi ɗaɓɓaande ardiiɗo leydi Naajeeriya nde o heɓi nasaraaku nder hitaande 1979 e hitaande 1983. O acci siyaasaaku haa abada ɓaawo kuudetaa konu nder hitaande 1983 nde Muhammadu Buhari ardii === Duuɓi cakkitiiɗi === Fitinaaji meeɗaay wonde kuutorgal ngal min kuutortoo, minen sosɓe leydi Najeriya, ngam safrude caɗeele politik. E nder aadaaji Angalteer, min kaaldii e Biro Koloñaal ngam jaɓde caɗeele amen ngam ŋakkeende e moƴƴere haala amen ngam laamu hoore mum. Caggal batuuji jeegom doosɗe leydi e hitaande 1953, 1954, 1957, 1958, 1959, e 1960, Angalteer rokkii en hakke ngam tabitinde jeytaare men politik gila 1 oktoobar 1960. Hay gooto e lanndaaji politik leydi Najeriya ɗi meeɗaani ƴettude jeytaare men politik e men happy violed to en meeɗaani jaɓde jeytaare men politik wonde hay toɓɓere ƴiiƴam Angalteer walla Najeriya rufaaka e nder hare men ngenndiire ngam nokku men e naange. Ndee ɗoo hujja daartol addani mi wiyde e yeeso yimɓe fof e nder leydi Najeriya wonde laamu nguu rokkii en laamu hoore mum e dow lowre kaŋŋe. Ko goonga, yonta am ina cemmbina mi, kono geɗe daartol ɗee ko ɗe njiyataa. Miɗo sikki ko ɓuri mettude ko ‘Sukaaɓe Turki’ men pellitii naatnude elemen mbayliigu bonngu e nder politik leydi Najeriya. No ɓe e renndo men fof mbaawirta ustude politikaaji tiiɗɗi, ma a taw nannguɗi, ko politik mo alaa hakkille. Mi jokki bee Seneraal Aguiyi-Ironsi, Ofiisaajo Seneraal Ardiido sooja'en lesdi Naajeeriya, mo mi faami, jooni o hoosi kuuɗe laamu lesdi Naajeeriya. Miɗo sakka golle am ngam kala udditgol jam ngam haɗde ƴiiƴam ɓeydaade, ngam weltinde ofiseeji muusɗi ɗii, e artirde sariya e deeƴre. So mi nanii haala makko tan, mi waɗa peeje ngam hootde galle. Ko fayti e am, miɗo jogori warde ardiiɓe men politik e konu ko musiiba ngenndiijo. — Jaabawol hooreejo leydi Nnamdi Azikiwe e kuudetaa konu gadano, hitaande 1966.[131] Ñalnde 8 noowammbar 1989, jaayɗe ciifi e fenaande wonde Azikiwe maayii, sabu naamne jaayndiyanke BBC jowitiiɗe e ngonka makko. O artiri o wiyi "mi yaawaani yaltude oo aduna, sabu ko kañum tan woni tagofeere nde nganndu-mi." E hitaande 1991, Azikiwe yahiino e udditgol nokku Nnamdi Azikiwe to Zungeru, nokku ɗo o jibinaa ɗoo, e juuɗe hooreejo leydi Ibraahiima Babangida. E nder ndunngu 1995, o rokki yeewtere to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Lincoln, Pennsylvania e gardiiɗo jokkondiral hakkunde yimɓe duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde ngal. Azikiwe maayi haa ñalnde 11 lewru Mbooy hitaande 1996, to opitaal janngirde to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Naajeeriya to Enugu caggal nde o rafi ko juuti. O yahrata ko e duuɓi 91. Azikiwe rokkaama wirwirnde dowla e laamu Sani Abacha, caggal fotde jonte ɗiɗi kewuuji ngenndiiji. Ɓanndu makko nawaama e gure keewɗe teeŋtuɗe e nder leydi ndi ngam sunaare e teddungal. O wirnaa e wuro makko Onitsha ñalnde 16 noowammbar 1996, ñalnde wonnde ñalngu ngu o heɓi duuɓi 92. E maayde Azikiwe, jaaynde wiyeteende New York Times teskiima, "O toowii dow geɗe ngenndi ɓurndi heewde yimɓe e nder Afrik, o heɓi darnde jaambaaro ngenndiijo goonga, garɗo teddineede e nder diiwaanuuji e leƴƴi ceertuɗi leydi makko."[132] E hitaande 2019, laamu hooreejo leydi Muhammadu Buhari ƴettii golle timminde suudu ndu Dr Nnamdi Azikiwe, ndu anndinaama ndu nokkuure nden.[133][134] == Innde e ndonu daartol == E nder teeminannde 19ɓiire, ƴaañgal Afrik seediima laamuuji Orop ina peccii Afrik, ina kuutoroo jawdi aadee e tago. Ƴellitaare miijo politik Afrik feeñi ko e anniya yiylaade eɓɓoore miijo jaɓgol hoore mum e ngenndiyaŋkaagal pinal cemmbinngal. Ina jeyaa e daraniiɓe Pan Afrik, Nnamdi Azikiwe, Pilot ndimaagu leydi Nijeer. Nokku Azikiwe nder cosmology Naajeeriya ɗon yaaji haa darnde maako nde o jogi. O rokki ngenndiyaŋkaagal e hare jeytaare maanaa keso. Zik, e oon sahaa to duɗal Hope Waddel, ina anndi miijooji Marcus Garvey ko fayti e Pan-Afrik, teeŋtinoowo doole Afriknaaɓe, e rimɗinde Afrik e juuɗe Afriknaaɓe. Ɗum addani Zik naamnaade laawɗingol koloñaal e nder Afrik, tee ina jeyaa e ko Garvey wiyi ngam rimɗinde Afrik e laamuuji koloñaal. E wakkati nde Naajeeriya woni haa jooni mooɓre diiwalji feere-feere, anndalji e dente nokkuuje, Zik fuɗɗi ƴamɗe ngam heɓugo ndimu Naajeeriya e ngam sosde senngooji ɗi ngalaa lenyol, ɗi ngalaa leƴƴi ngam yidde lesdi Naajeeriya e yidde lesdi maɓɓe.[116][135] Azikiwe yahiino to Amerik ɗo o janngi e jannginde e nder duɗe jaaɓi haaɗtirde ceertuɗe to Fuɗnaange, o yi’i weeyo ngo njiyaagu e ƴellitaare `Negro' radikal. O heɓi kadi ballal e hooreejo leydi Amerik e teeminannde 19ɓiire, hono James A Garfield, e dow huɗo ngam weltinde njiimaandi politik. Nde o arti e Afrik worgo, ko ɓuri teeŋtude e ngoƴa makko, ko ɗum waɗi, wonaa hare leydi, ngenndiyaŋkoore, kono ko hare winndereyankoore, winndereyankoore ngam leñol ɓaleejo. Ko o gardiiɗo jaaynde African Morning Post to Accra, tuggi 1935 haa 1937, Azikiwe heɓi ɗoon e ɗoon innde sabu jaayndeyaagal makko toowngal `American style' e ñiŋde cuusal makko e njuɓɓudi koloñaal, e ardiiɓe koloñaal kam e ardiiɓe Afrik nokkuuji ɗii. Semmbe makko ina yaaji e nder leyɗeele koloñaal Biritaan en fof, ko kanko woni doole guurɗe won e ardiiɓe Afrik hono Kwame Nkrumah, Julius Nyerere, Dauda Jawara, Kenneth Kaunda e Milton Obote e woɗɓe. Jaayndeyaagal Azikiwe kaɓanngal e ƴattooje ko kañum woni sabaabu ɓurɗo teeŋtude e darnde makko e doole makko, kadi ko kañum woni sabaabu ɓurɗo teeŋtude e ummital Naajeeriya. Azikiwe sosi fedde jaayndeyaagal wiyeteende Zik Group, nde o sosi e nde o yuɓɓini Pilot West African, nde o inniri « kaayitaaji ngenndiyaŋkooji ñaamooɓe yiite, doolnuɗi, ɓurɗi toowde ». E les njiimaandi Zik Group o wayli golle jaayɗe Afrik hirnaange, o hollitii wonde jaayndeyaagal e ɗemngal Engele ina waawi dañde nafoore, o yaajtini nafoore makko e jogaade ko ina tolnoo e jaayɗe 12 ñalnde kala, ɗe Afriknaaɓe njiylotoo. Pilot Afrik hirnaange mawni no feewi gila e doggol adanngol ngol 6 000 ekkol ñalnde kala, haa e doggol ko ina ɓura 20 000 ekkol e tolno mum e kitaale 1950.[136][137][138] Kaayitaaji keertiiɗi ɗi Nnamdi Azikiwe, hooreejo leydi Naajeeriya arandeejo, ɗon mari haaje nder suudu defte maako haa Nsukka, Naajeeriya. Ina jeyaa e ɗeen binndanɗe keertiiɗe, eɓɓaande ciimtol makko, binndanɗe dowla ummoraade e gardagol makko, binndanɗe politik jowitiiɗe e Republique Biafra, kaɓirɗe ummoraade e kampaañ Azikiwe e hitaande 1979 e 1983, kam e defte e jaayɗe seeɗa ɗe keewaani. Jaaɓihaaɗtirde Vanderbilt, e ballal kaalis e porogaraam defte binndaaɗe e nder defterdu UCLA, waɗii ɗeen geɗe dijital ngam sosde mooɓondiral geɗe puɗɗaaɗe jowitiiɗe e jaŋde leydi Najeriya e leydi Biafra [139]. Ndee ɗoo deftere ina heɓoo e dijital rewrude e defterdu UCLA[140] === Teddungal === Leydi Biritaan : Tergal e Diiso doosɗe leydi Biritaan, ñalnde 16 noowammbar 1960.[141] Komanda mawɗo fedde nde (GCFR).[142] === Degreeji teddungal === Azikiwe heɓi dipolomaaji teddungal 14 ummoraade e duɗe jaaɓi haaɗtirde Najeriya, Amerik e Liberiya, teeŋti noon : Pennsylvanie 1946: Doktoor to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Lincoln Virginia Hirnaange 1947: Doktoor ɓataakeeji to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Storer Washington, D.C. 1950: Jaaɓi-haaɗtirde Howard heɓi Doktoraa mum to bannge sariya Michigan 1959: Doktoor tedduɗo e sariya to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde leydi Michigan[143] Naajeeriya 1961: Doktoor tedduɗo e ɓataakeeji (D.Litt.) to Duɗal Jaaɓihaaɗtirde Naajeeriya[144] Liberiya 1969 : Doktoraa mum to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Liberiya Pennsylvanie 1980 : Doktoor tedduɗo e ɓataakeeji aadee to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Pennsylvanie Woɗɓe ina mbaɗi dipolomaaji ummoraade e duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Ibadan, duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Lagos, duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Ahmadu Bello, UNIZIK, e FUTO.[145] === Siftorde e monumndaaji === === Kaalis e tammborɗe posto === Natal Azikiwe feeñii e kaalis ₦500 leydi Naajeeriya gila hitaande 2001. Natal makko ina tawee e limlebbi postooji ɗi ɓe peeñnini e hitaande 1964, gila ndeen kadi feeñii e limlebbi goɗɗi.[150] === E nder pinal leñol === Nguurndam Azikiwe gadana ko kanko winndi, yaltinaa e hitaande 1970, tiitoonde mum ko Odyssey am: nguurndam am. Laamu leydi Naajeeriya sosi njeenaari Zik, njeenaari ardungal hitaande kala, e hitaande 1995, ngam teddinde Azikiwe. E hitaande 2006, Ben Obi fuɗɗii yeewtere hitaandeere Zik ngam maayde golle moƴƴe e ndonu Azikiwe.[151] Filoosofi jaŋde Azikiwe hollitaama e nder filmo binndaaɗo to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Naajeeriya.[152] E hitaande 2023, Fedde Duke Shomolu yaltinii pijirlooji tuugiiɗi e nguurndam e jamaanu Azikiwe. Duɗal jaaɓi-haaɗtirde Michigan State sosi ‘Fedde janngooɓe Afriknaaɓe hakkunde leyɗeele Nnamdi Azikiwe’ e hitaande 2023, ngam wallitde janngooɓe Afriknaaɓe hakkunde leyɗeele MSU to Afrik ngam wiɗtooji. Njeenaari ndii ko ngam teddinde Azikiwe mo gollodii e jannginooɓe MSU ngam mahde duɗal jaaɓi-haaɗtirde (Jaaɓi-haaɗtirde Naajeeriya) to Fuɗnaange Naajeeriya. === Teddungal aadaaji === Azikiwe naatnaa e renndo Agbalanze Onitsha e innde Nnanyelugo e hitaande 1946, ko ɗum anndinde worɓe Onitsha jogiiɓe golle maantiniiɗe. E hitaande 1962, o wonti mawɗo leydi ɗiɗaɓo (Ndichie Okwa) hono Obi Oziziani.[130] Mawɗo Azikiwe toɗɗaama bana Owelle-Osowa-Anya mo Onitsha nder hitaande 1972, ɗum waɗi mo ardiiɗo ronkaaku arandeejo (Ndichie Ume) nder caltal Igbo nder laamiiɗo lesdi Naajeeriya.[107] == Miijooji politik == Zikism; ko miijo politik ɓurngo lollude e Nnamdi Azikiwe, faandaare mum ko ustude hakkillaaji sukaaɓe Afriknaaɓe. E sahaa nde dowlaaji Afrik ngonnoo e les njiimaandi Angalteer, Zik ƴetti filosof mum politik, hono miijo mbayliigu. Canons jowi Zikism woni "Balans Ruuhu", "Regeneration Sociale", "Determinism Faggudu", "Emancipation Mentale", e "Ummital Politik". E werlaade annoore ɓurnde laaɓtude e canons, Azikiwe teeŋtinii, "Ko adii fof, mi ƴettii konngol balance spirituel ngam hollirde ndimaagu teskinngu e nder ɓernde, miijo e miijo... Ɗiɗaɓere, mi mahii ƴellitaare renndo ngam hollirde ndimaagu fedde e ndimaagu diisnondiral .. Tataɓol, mi ventured e nder faggudu taprocie so I goongɗini Mi lootii hono ngool ngonka nguurndam determinism faggudu, sabu miɗo gooŋɗini miijo Karl Marx e firo faggudu daartol e nder lewru e nder Afrik fof... Nayaɓol ngol, mi fellitii waɗde yah-ngartaa e nder fannuuji hakkille ... Ko ɗum waɗi mi ƴetti tesis wonde emancipaasiyoŋ hakkille ina haani wonande Afriknaaɓe jannguɓe bonɓe. Joyaɓere ... alaa ko waawi sikkeede e Risorgimento politik Afriknaajo, nde tawnoo wellitaare ɗeen sarɗiiji ina ɗaɓɓi ndimaagu nguurndam, ndimaagu, e jokkude wellitaare." Weltaare Neo; Azikiwe huutoriima pinal Afriknaaɓe e faggudu Afriknaaɓe ko adii koloñaal ngam ƴellitde miijo makko faggudu Neo-Welfarist, o wasiyii eklektisism e pragmatism ngam wonde tuugnorgal filosofi wonande neo-welfarism.[153] Pragmatisme eklektik; Eklektik-pragmatism wonande Azikiwe ko feere ɓurnde moƴƴude ngam haɓaade haa teeŋti e goongaaji keewɗi fannuuji faggudu e politik. Ko feere etaade yuɓɓinde miijooji nannduɗi e luurondirɗi, wonaa e safrude luural, kono ko e suɓaade e hawrude e ko nafata e ko waawi huutoreede e kala heen ngam heɓde paandaale yiɗde. Nii woni, pragmatisme eklektik ina wayi no ko feere ɓurnde moƴƴude ngam haɓaade caɗeele Afrik e nder ƴeewndorɗe ceertuɗe e teskinɗe ɗe njiylotonoo ɗe.[154] === Golle === Zik (1961) Odiseeji am (1971) Afrik keso (1973) Liberiyaa e nder politik winndere (1931) ——— (hitaande 1966). Teemedere Ciimtol Ciimtol e Yimre Rt. Hon. Doktoor Nnamdi Azikiwe. Duɗal njuɓɓudi e karallaagal. <nowiki>ISBN 978-2736-09-0</nowiki>. Sifaa siyaasaaku ngam lesdi Naajeeriya (1943) Faggudu leydi Naajeeriya (1943) Zik: Cuɓagol konnguɗi Doktoor Nnamdi Azikiwe (1961) Daartol warngo: Goonga walla fenaande? (1946) Ko adii men ina woodi yanaande udditiinde (1947) Jaango Pan-Afrik (1961) Goongaaji ngootaagu Afrik (1965) Iwdi wolde hakkunde leyɗeele Naajeeriya (1969) Mi ɗon nuɗɗina Naajeeriya gooto (1969) Eɓɓooje jam ngam joofnude wolde hakkunde leyɗeele Naajeeriya (1969) Kaaldigal dow Laamorde Kesum ngam Naajeeriya (1974) Taggol lesɗe ɗuuɗɗe nder Naajeeriya, limngal siyaasaaku (1974) Demokaraasi e jeertinaango konu (1974) Reorientaasiyoŋ miijooji Najeriya : yeewtere ñalnde 9 lewru Duujal hitaande 1976, e ñalngu udditgol kaalis dokkal UNN (1976) Hare men ngam Ndimaagu; Kiriis luumo Onitsha (1976) Njaafoɗen Ɓiɓɓe Men. Eeraango feewde e ardiiɓe e yimɓe Onitsha e nder caɗeele luumo (1976) Koolol jimɗi (1977) Soliloquies wolde nder leydi: Ko ɓuri heewde e jimɗi (1977) Teemedde e nder miijo renndo e politik Afrik (1978) Gartirgol Demokaraasi Naajeeriya (1978) Golle ɓennuɗe ɗe ngalaa nanndo: Jaabawol am e caɗeele mawɗo Awolowo (1979) Haala ɓernde (1979) ——— (hitaande 1980). Miijo ngam Naajeeriya: Kapitaalisma, Sosiyaalisma walla Weltaare?. Makmilan leydi Nijeer. h. 196. <nowiki>ISBN 9789781325212</nowiki>. ——— (hitaande 1983). Bonannde Hoolaare e NPN. ——— (hitaande 1983). Daartol Maa Ƴeewto Goongɗinɓe. == Ƴeew kadi == Ngenndiyankaagal Afrik Filoosofi Zikist Njeenaari Zik == Tuugnorgal == <references /> [[Category:Naajeeriya]] feyz8phijnmnq2wv540qy1aecm63vlz 0 42387 175608 175594 2026-06-22T13:45:18Z Fulani215 7983 /* Himobe */ fixed typo 175608 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Adeniran Ogunsanya, QC, SAN''' ((HeɗtoR); 31 lewru Yarkomaa 1918 – 22 Noowammbar 1996) ko awokaa e dawrugol leydi Nijeer. O jeyaa ko e mawɓe sosɓe lannda leƴƴi Ibadan (IPP). O woniino komisinaajo diiwaan Lagos ngam ñaawoore e komisinaajo jaŋde. O woniino hooreejo lannda ɓesngu Nijeer.<ref name="ade">{{cite web|url=http://www.nigerianwiki.com/wiki/Adeniran_Ogunsanya|title=Adeniran Ogunsanya|publisher=Nigerian Wiki|access-date=7 July 2015|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150707131736/http://www.nigerianwiki.com/wiki/Adeniran_Ogunsanya|archive-date=7 July 2015}}</ref> == Ɓawo == Adeniran jibinaa ko ñalnde 31 lewru bowte hitaande 1918 to Ikorodu, wuro Lagos, to galle laamɗo biyeteeɗo Omoba Suberu Ogunsanya Oguntade, ko kanko wonnoo Odofin Ikorodu. O timmini jaŋde makko leslesre to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Hope Waddell to Calabar e gardagol kaaw makko gonnooɗo golloowo laamu. O heɓi martaba ɓurɗo toowde e jaŋdeeji laamu Standard VI e hitaande 1937 ko noon o dañiri bursi laamu to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde King’s College, Lagos. O yahi haa o janngi sariya to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Manchester e duɗal sariya Gray’s Inn.<ref>{{cite book|title=Who's who in Nigeria|publisher=Nigerian Printing and Publishing Company|date=1956|location=Lagos|page=215|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=egUaAAAAIAAJ|oclc=6274926}}</ref><ref name="ogun">{{Cite news|url=http://www.nationalmirroronline.net/new/adeniran-ogunsanya-remembering-an-icon/|title=Adeniran Ogunsanya: Remembering an icon|date=23 November 2012|access-date=7 July 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121225142644/http://nationalmirroronline.net/new/adeniran-ogunsanya-remembering-an-icon/|archive-date=25 December 2012|url-status=usurped|df=dmy-all|newspaper=[[National Mirror]]}}</ref> == Kugal == Adeniran fuɗɗii golle mum sariya ko to mawɗo T.O.S. Benson Chambers to Lagos caggal nde o arti e leydi Angalteer ko o awokaa e politik ɓurɗo humpitaade. E hitaande 1956, o hawri e miñiiko, Sulu Adebayo Ogunsanya ngam sosde suudu Ogunsanya & Ogunsanya.<ref name="ade2" /><ref>{{Cite news|title=Mobolaji Johnson: An officer and gentleman goes home|url=https://guardian.ng/opinion/mobolaji-johnson-an-officer-and-gentleman-goes-home/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|date=2019-12-04|newspaper=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]]|language=en-US|access-date=2020-05-30}}</ref> == Politik == E hitaande 1945, o lomtii Ligue des jeunes africaines progressistes, o tawtoraama batu joyaɓo Pan-Afrik to Manchester. Tawtoraama kadi Hastings Banda, W. E. B. Du Bois, Jomo Kenyatta, Kwame Nkrumah e Jaja Wachuku ngam limtude heen seeɗa..<ref>{{cite book|title=The Third World Calamity|publisher=Brain May|pages=184–185}}</ref> E nder cakkital kitaale 1950, Adeniran wonnoo tergal e Goomu Ngatamaare Ngenndiijo e nder Diiso Ngenndiijo leydi Nijeer e Kameruun. Ko kanko woni hooreejo fedde sukaaɓe NCNC e hitaande 1959, o wonti tergal parlemaa lomtotooɗo Ikeja e Mushin. O joginoo golleeji keewɗi e nder lannda makko e nder laamuuji nokkuuji to Lagos. E nder NCNC, o woniino hooreejo goomu gollordu diiwaan Lagos, o woniino hooreejo zone NCNC ngam diiwaan koloñaal, caggal ɗuum o woniino sekreteruuji diiso parlemaa NCNC. E nder politik nokku, wonnoo ko hooreejo Goomu Njuɓɓudi Diisnondiral Diisnondiral Mushin. Ko adii nde republique gadano oo joofata, o toɗɗaama jaagorgal fedde nde ko fayti e koɗki e wiɗtooji e nder laamu Mobolaji Johnson, o artiraa e laamu nokku oo, o woni komisariyaajo dowla ngam jaŋde. Adeniran woni hooreejo lannda Lagos nde hawti bee pelle tati feere ngam sosde lannda yimɓe lesdi Naajeeriya (NPP) wakkati Republique ɗiɗaɓo. Ndeen o wonti hooreejo lannda yimɓe leydi Naajeeriya (NPP) lomtii Olu Akinfosile caggal nde o fooli Lateef Jakande ngam heɓugo jooɗorde nder suudu laamu Lagos. Ko kanko woni Awokaa mawɗo gadano Lagos, caggal ɗuum o wonti Komiseer Jaŋde. == Anndinde e ndonu == Jaaɓihaaɗtirde Adeniran Ogunsanya inniri ɗum ngam kuugal maako ngal o waɗi ngam yahdu yeeso lesdi Lagos. Awokaa mawɗo leydi Naajeeriya Wasiya laamɗo debbo == Himobe == lzvgv14zstyz70l95o9424xvzmkpofn 175609 175608 2026-06-22T13:46:15Z Fulani215 7983 /* Kugal */ fixed typo 175609 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Adeniran Ogunsanya, QC, SAN''' ((HeɗtoR); 31 lewru Yarkomaa 1918 – 22 Noowammbar 1996) ko awokaa e dawrugol leydi Nijeer. O jeyaa ko e mawɓe sosɓe lannda leƴƴi Ibadan (IPP). O woniino komisinaajo diiwaan Lagos ngam ñaawoore e komisinaajo jaŋde. O woniino hooreejo lannda ɓesngu Nijeer.<ref name="ade">{{cite web|url=http://www.nigerianwiki.com/wiki/Adeniran_Ogunsanya|title=Adeniran Ogunsanya|publisher=Nigerian Wiki|access-date=7 July 2015|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150707131736/http://www.nigerianwiki.com/wiki/Adeniran_Ogunsanya|archive-date=7 July 2015}}</ref> == Ɓawo == Adeniran jibinaa ko ñalnde 31 lewru bowte hitaande 1918 to Ikorodu, wuro Lagos, to galle laamɗo biyeteeɗo Omoba Suberu Ogunsanya Oguntade, ko kanko wonnoo Odofin Ikorodu. O timmini jaŋde makko leslesre to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Hope Waddell to Calabar e gardagol kaaw makko gonnooɗo golloowo laamu. O heɓi martaba ɓurɗo toowde e jaŋdeeji laamu Standard VI e hitaande 1937 ko noon o dañiri bursi laamu to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde King’s College, Lagos. O yahi haa o janngi sariya to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Manchester e duɗal sariya Gray’s Inn.<ref>{{cite book|title=Who's who in Nigeria|publisher=Nigerian Printing and Publishing Company|date=1956|location=Lagos|page=215|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=egUaAAAAIAAJ|oclc=6274926}}</ref><ref name="ogun">{{Cite news|url=http://www.nationalmirroronline.net/new/adeniran-ogunsanya-remembering-an-icon/|title=Adeniran Ogunsanya: Remembering an icon|date=23 November 2012|access-date=7 July 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121225142644/http://nationalmirroronline.net/new/adeniran-ogunsanya-remembering-an-icon/|archive-date=25 December 2012|url-status=usurped|df=dmy-all|newspaper=[[National Mirror]]}}</ref> == Kugal == Adeniran fuɗɗii golle mum sariya ko to mawɗo T.O.S. Benson Chambers to Lagos caggal nde o arti e leydi Angalteer ko o awokaa e politik ɓurɗo humpitaade. E hitaande 1956, o hawri e miñiiko, Sulu Adebayo Ogunsanya ngam sosde suudu Ogunsanya & Ogunsanya. == Politik == E hitaande 1945, o lomtii Ligue des jeunes africaines progressistes, o tawtoraama batu joyaɓo Pan-Afrik to Manchester. Tawtoraama kadi Hastings Banda, W. E. B. Du Bois, Jomo Kenyatta, Kwame Nkrumah e Jaja Wachuku ngam limtude heen seeɗa..<ref>{{cite book|title=The Third World Calamity|publisher=Brain May|pages=184–185}}</ref> E nder cakkital kitaale 1950, Adeniran wonnoo tergal e Goomu Ngatamaare Ngenndiijo e nder Diiso Ngenndiijo leydi Nijeer e Kameruun. Ko kanko woni hooreejo fedde sukaaɓe NCNC e hitaande 1959, o wonti tergal parlemaa lomtotooɗo Ikeja e Mushin. O joginoo golleeji keewɗi e nder lannda makko e nder laamuuji nokkuuji to Lagos. E nder NCNC, o woniino hooreejo goomu gollordu diiwaan Lagos, o woniino hooreejo zone NCNC ngam diiwaan koloñaal, caggal ɗuum o woniino sekreteruuji diiso parlemaa NCNC. E nder politik nokku, wonnoo ko hooreejo Goomu Njuɓɓudi Diisnondiral Diisnondiral Mushin. Ko adii nde republique gadano oo joofata, o toɗɗaama jaagorgal fedde nde ko fayti e koɗki e wiɗtooji e nder laamu Mobolaji Johnson, o artiraa e laamu nokku oo, o woni komisariyaajo dowla ngam jaŋde. Adeniran woni hooreejo lannda Lagos nde hawti bee pelle tati feere ngam sosde lannda yimɓe lesdi Naajeeriya (NPP) wakkati Republique ɗiɗaɓo. Ndeen o wonti hooreejo lannda yimɓe leydi Naajeeriya (NPP) lomtii Olu Akinfosile caggal nde o fooli Lateef Jakande ngam heɓugo jooɗorde nder suudu laamu Lagos. Ko kanko woni Awokaa mawɗo gadano Lagos, caggal ɗuum o wonti Komiseer Jaŋde. == Anndinde e ndonu == Jaaɓihaaɗtirde Adeniran Ogunsanya inniri ɗum ngam kuugal maako ngal o waɗi ngam yahdu yeeso lesdi Lagos. Awokaa mawɗo leydi Naajeeriya Wasiya laamɗo debbo == Himobe == d220shcpnrws1167phw1x6eg0zsn9vn 175610 175609 2026-06-22T13:47:03Z Fulani215 7983 /* Anndinde e ndonu */ fixed typo 175610 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Adeniran Ogunsanya, QC, SAN''' ((HeɗtoR); 31 lewru Yarkomaa 1918 – 22 Noowammbar 1996) ko awokaa e dawrugol leydi Nijeer. O jeyaa ko e mawɓe sosɓe lannda leƴƴi Ibadan (IPP). O woniino komisinaajo diiwaan Lagos ngam ñaawoore e komisinaajo jaŋde. O woniino hooreejo lannda ɓesngu Nijeer.<ref name="ade">{{cite web|url=http://www.nigerianwiki.com/wiki/Adeniran_Ogunsanya|title=Adeniran Ogunsanya|publisher=Nigerian Wiki|access-date=7 July 2015|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150707131736/http://www.nigerianwiki.com/wiki/Adeniran_Ogunsanya|archive-date=7 July 2015}}</ref> == Ɓawo == Adeniran jibinaa ko ñalnde 31 lewru bowte hitaande 1918 to Ikorodu, wuro Lagos, to galle laamɗo biyeteeɗo Omoba Suberu Ogunsanya Oguntade, ko kanko wonnoo Odofin Ikorodu. O timmini jaŋde makko leslesre to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Hope Waddell to Calabar e gardagol kaaw makko gonnooɗo golloowo laamu. O heɓi martaba ɓurɗo toowde e jaŋdeeji laamu Standard VI e hitaande 1937 ko noon o dañiri bursi laamu to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde King’s College, Lagos. O yahi haa o janngi sariya to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Manchester e duɗal sariya Gray’s Inn.<ref>{{cite book|title=Who's who in Nigeria|publisher=Nigerian Printing and Publishing Company|date=1956|location=Lagos|page=215|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=egUaAAAAIAAJ|oclc=6274926}}</ref><ref name="ogun">{{Cite news|url=http://www.nationalmirroronline.net/new/adeniran-ogunsanya-remembering-an-icon/|title=Adeniran Ogunsanya: Remembering an icon|date=23 November 2012|access-date=7 July 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121225142644/http://nationalmirroronline.net/new/adeniran-ogunsanya-remembering-an-icon/|archive-date=25 December 2012|url-status=usurped|df=dmy-all|newspaper=[[National Mirror]]}}</ref> == Kugal == Adeniran fuɗɗii golle mum sariya ko to mawɗo T.O.S. Benson Chambers to Lagos caggal nde o arti e leydi Angalteer ko o awokaa e politik ɓurɗo humpitaade. E hitaande 1956, o hawri e miñiiko, Sulu Adebayo Ogunsanya ngam sosde suudu Ogunsanya & Ogunsanya. == Politik == E hitaande 1945, o lomtii Ligue des jeunes africaines progressistes, o tawtoraama batu joyaɓo Pan-Afrik to Manchester. Tawtoraama kadi Hastings Banda, W. E. B. Du Bois, Jomo Kenyatta, Kwame Nkrumah e Jaja Wachuku ngam limtude heen seeɗa..<ref>{{cite book|title=The Third World Calamity|publisher=Brain May|pages=184–185}}</ref> E nder cakkital kitaale 1950, Adeniran wonnoo tergal e Goomu Ngatamaare Ngenndiijo e nder Diiso Ngenndiijo leydi Nijeer e Kameruun. Ko kanko woni hooreejo fedde sukaaɓe NCNC e hitaande 1959, o wonti tergal parlemaa lomtotooɗo Ikeja e Mushin. O joginoo golleeji keewɗi e nder lannda makko e nder laamuuji nokkuuji to Lagos. E nder NCNC, o woniino hooreejo goomu gollordu diiwaan Lagos, o woniino hooreejo zone NCNC ngam diiwaan koloñaal, caggal ɗuum o woniino sekreteruuji diiso parlemaa NCNC. E nder politik nokku, wonnoo ko hooreejo Goomu Njuɓɓudi Diisnondiral Diisnondiral Mushin. Ko adii nde republique gadano oo joofata, o toɗɗaama jaagorgal fedde nde ko fayti e koɗki e wiɗtooji e nder laamu Mobolaji Johnson, o artiraa e laamu nokku oo, o woni komisariyaajo dowla ngam jaŋde. Adeniran woni hooreejo lannda Lagos nde hawti bee pelle tati feere ngam sosde lannda yimɓe lesdi Naajeeriya (NPP) wakkati Republique ɗiɗaɓo. Ndeen o wonti hooreejo lannda yimɓe leydi Naajeeriya (NPP) lomtii Olu Akinfosile caggal nde o fooli Lateef Jakande ngam heɓugo jooɗorde nder suudu laamu Lagos. Ko kanko woni Awokaa mawɗo gadano Lagos, caggal ɗuum o wonti Komiseer Jaŋde. == Anndinde e ndonu == * Jaaɓihaaɗtirde Adeniran Ogunsanya inniri ɗum ngam kuugal maako ngal o waɗi ngam yahdu yeeso lesdi Lagos. * Awokaa mawɗo leydi Naajeeriya * Wasiya laamɗo debbo == Himobe == 73xb4g6mcqg7qt4m2pbqesbvk93qnz2 175612 175610 2026-06-22T13:48:58Z Fulani215 7983 /* Politik */ fixed typo 175612 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Adeniran Ogunsanya, QC, SAN''' ((HeɗtoR); 31 lewru Yarkomaa 1918 – 22 Noowammbar 1996) ko awokaa e dawrugol leydi Nijeer. O jeyaa ko e mawɓe sosɓe lannda leƴƴi Ibadan (IPP). O woniino komisinaajo diiwaan Lagos ngam ñaawoore e komisinaajo jaŋde. O woniino hooreejo lannda ɓesngu Nijeer.<ref name="ade">{{cite web|url=http://www.nigerianwiki.com/wiki/Adeniran_Ogunsanya|title=Adeniran Ogunsanya|publisher=Nigerian Wiki|access-date=7 July 2015|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150707131736/http://www.nigerianwiki.com/wiki/Adeniran_Ogunsanya|archive-date=7 July 2015}}</ref> == Ɓawo == Adeniran jibinaa ko ñalnde 31 lewru bowte hitaande 1918 to Ikorodu, wuro Lagos, to galle laamɗo biyeteeɗo Omoba Suberu Ogunsanya Oguntade, ko kanko wonnoo Odofin Ikorodu. O timmini jaŋde makko leslesre to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Hope Waddell to Calabar e gardagol kaaw makko gonnooɗo golloowo laamu. O heɓi martaba ɓurɗo toowde e jaŋdeeji laamu Standard VI e hitaande 1937 ko noon o dañiri bursi laamu to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde King’s College, Lagos. O yahi haa o janngi sariya to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Manchester e duɗal sariya Gray’s Inn.<ref>{{cite book|title=Who's who in Nigeria|publisher=Nigerian Printing and Publishing Company|date=1956|location=Lagos|page=215|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=egUaAAAAIAAJ|oclc=6274926}}</ref><ref name="ogun">{{Cite news|url=http://www.nationalmirroronline.net/new/adeniran-ogunsanya-remembering-an-icon/|title=Adeniran Ogunsanya: Remembering an icon|date=23 November 2012|access-date=7 July 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121225142644/http://nationalmirroronline.net/new/adeniran-ogunsanya-remembering-an-icon/|archive-date=25 December 2012|url-status=usurped|df=dmy-all|newspaper=[[National Mirror]]}}</ref> == Kugal == Adeniran fuɗɗii golle mum sariya ko to mawɗo T.O.S. Benson Chambers to Lagos caggal nde o arti e leydi Angalteer ko o awokaa e politik ɓurɗo humpitaade. E hitaande 1956, o hawri e miñiiko, Sulu Adebayo Ogunsanya ngam sosde suudu Ogunsanya & Ogunsanya. == Politik == E hitaande 1945, o lomtii Ligue des jeunes africaines progressistes, o tawtoraama batu joyaɓo Pan-Afrik to Manchester. Tawtoraama kadi Hastings Banda, W. E. B. Du Bois, Jomo Kenyatta, Kwame Nkrumah e Jaja Wachuku ngam limtude heen seeɗa..<ref>{{cite book|title=The Third World Calamity|publisher=Brain May|pages=184–185}}</ref> E nder cakkital kitaale 1950, Adeniran wonnoo tergal e Goomu Ngatamaare Ngenndiijo e nder Diiso Ngenndiijo leydi Nijeer e Kameruun. Ko kanko woni hooreejo fedde sukaaɓe NCNC e hitaande 1959, o wonti tergal parlemaa lomtotooɗo Ikeja e Mushin. O joginoo golleeji keewɗi e nder lannda makko e nder laamuuji nokkuuji to Lagos. E nder NCNC, o woniino hooreejo goomu gollordu diiwaan Lagos, o woniino hooreejo zone NCNC ngam diiwaan koloñaal, caggal ɗuum o woniino sekreteruuji diiso parlemaa NCNC. E nder politik nokku, wonnoo ko hooreejo Goomu Njuɓɓudi Diisnondiral Diisnondiral Mushin. Ko adii nde republique gadano oo joofata, o toɗɗaama jaagorgal fedde nde ko fayti e koɗki e wiɗtooji e nder laamu Mobolaji Johnson, o artiraa e laamu nokku oo, o woni komisariyaajo dowla ngam jaŋde. Adeniran woni hooreejo lannda Lagos nde hawti bee pelle tati feere ngam sosde lannda yimɓe lesdi Naajeeriya (NPP) wakkati Republique ɗiɗaɓo. Ndeen o wonti hooreejo lannda yimɓe leydi Naajeeriya (NPP) lomtii Olu Akinfosile caggal nde o fooli Lateef Jakande ngam heɓugo jooɗorde nder suudu laamu Lagos. Ko kanko woni Awokaa mawɗo gadano Lagos, caggal ɗuum o wonti Komiseer Jaŋde. == Anndinde e ndonu == * Jaaɓihaaɗtirde Adeniran Ogunsanya inniri ɗum ngam kuugal maako ngal o waɗi ngam yahdu yeeso lesdi Lagos. * Awokaa mawɗo leydi Naajeeriya * Wasiya laamɗo debbo == Himobe == m4n2ndcdhk8eoivqy4u7ecxdj2o2iku 0 42389 175604 175599 2026-06-22T12:19:19Z Fulani215 7983 /* Himobe */ fixed typo 175604 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Maayo Kaledon''' (e Sotho: Mohokare) ko maayo mawngo tawaango e caka Afrik worgo. Njuuteeki maggal fof ko 642 km (399 mi), ina ummoo e koɗli Drakensberg to keeri Lesotho, ina ilna fuɗnaange-rewo, caggal ɗuum ina ilna hirnaange hade mum jokkondirde e maayo Orange sara Bethulie to fuɗnaange Dowlaaji Dentuɗi. Maayo ngo fuɗɗii innireede ko “Princes Wilhelminas Rivier” e hitaande 1777, ko Kolonel R J Gordon.<ref>Raper, P.E. (1987). Dictionary of South African Place Names (PDF). p. 105.</ref> == Geografi == Iwdi maayo Kaledon woni ko e bantustan ɓooyɗo biyeteeɗo QwaQwa, sara keeri leydi Lesoto, to fuɗnaange-rewo Witsieshoek. Ndeen nde rewata ko fuɗnaange-rewo, nde fawii e keerol laamorgo leydi Lesoto, hono Maseru. Ko kañum woni keeri hakkunde Afrik worgo e Lesoto hade mum naatde e diiwaan Free State to Afrik worgo (fuɗnaange Wepener). Ndeen nde ummotoo ko bannge worgo hade mayre jokkondirde e maayo Orange sara Bethulie to fuɗnaange Free State, hade mayre yahde e baraas Gariep. Njuuteeki maggal fof ko hedde 480 km (300 mi), e falnde maggal ina heɓa mbayliigaaji nguleeki mawɗi.<ref name=":0">"Caledon River". Encyclopædia Britannica. Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 26 November 2016.</ref> Leydi gonndi e ŋoral hakkunde maayo Caledon e maayo Orange ina waɗi 22 000 ha e nder nokku keeriiɗo biyeteeɗo Tussen-die-Riviere.<ref>"Tussen Die Riviere Game Reserve". SA Places. Retrieved 26 November 2016.</ref> == Mayo == Maayo ngo ko ɓuuɓri ndiyam gadani wonande Maseru, laamorgo leydi Lesoto, dariiɗo e dow maayo ngo. E sahaaji toɓooli seeɗa, ŋakkeende ndiyam ina waawi arde. Ngam haɓaade ɗum, ɓulli keewɗi mbaɗaama e mbaydiiji ko wayi no baraas Muela e baraas Meulspruit.<ref>"Caledon River - Dams". Archived from the original on 3 December 2013. Retrieved 22 March 2012.</ref> E hitaande 2003, ndiyam yaltinaama ɗoo ngam haɗde yooro.<ref>"Drought". Archived from the original on 10 March 2007. Retrieved 5 August 2005.</ref> Falnde Kaledon ina jogii nafoore e daartol leñol Basotho. Nokku oo ina heewi ndiyam no feewi, ina waawi remde tawa ndiyam alaa. Ɗum waɗi ɗum yiɗde, ina jeyaa e ko addani ɗum hare hakkunde Basotho en e Boer en.<ref>Coplan, David B. (2001). "A river runs through it: The meaning of the Lesotho‐free state border". African Affairs. 100 (398): 81–116. doi:10.1093/afraf/100.398.81.</ref> Maasa ina remee e nokkuuji keewɗi e nder falnde Caledon.<ref name=":0" /> == Himobe== ltzinq4d7i7bl2hupk2w37q18s86vyc 175605 175604 2026-06-22T12:20:06Z Fulani215 7983 /* Mayo */ fixed typo 175605 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Maayo Kaledon''' (e Sotho: Mohokare) ko maayo mawngo tawaango e caka Afrik worgo. Njuuteeki maggal fof ko 642 km (399 mi), ina ummoo e koɗli Drakensberg to keeri Lesotho, ina ilna fuɗnaange-rewo, caggal ɗuum ina ilna hirnaange hade mum jokkondirde e maayo Orange sara Bethulie to fuɗnaange Dowlaaji Dentuɗi. Maayo ngo fuɗɗii innireede ko “Princes Wilhelminas Rivier” e hitaande 1777, ko Kolonel R J Gordon.<ref>Raper, P.E. (1987). Dictionary of South African Place Names (PDF). p. 105.</ref> == Geografi == Iwdi maayo Kaledon woni ko e bantustan ɓooyɗo biyeteeɗo QwaQwa, sara keeri leydi Lesoto, to fuɗnaange-rewo Witsieshoek. Ndeen nde rewata ko fuɗnaange-rewo, nde fawii e keerol laamorgo leydi Lesoto, hono Maseru. Ko kañum woni keeri hakkunde Afrik worgo e Lesoto hade mum naatde e diiwaan Free State to Afrik worgo (fuɗnaange Wepener). Ndeen nde ummotoo ko bannge worgo hade mayre jokkondirde e maayo Orange sara Bethulie to fuɗnaange Free State, hade mayre yahde e baraas Gariep. Njuuteeki maggal fof ko hedde 480 km (300 mi), e falnde maggal ina heɓa mbayliigaaji nguleeki mawɗi.<ref name=":0">"Caledon River". Encyclopædia Britannica. Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 26 November 2016.</ref> Leydi gonndi e ŋoral hakkunde maayo Caledon e maayo Orange ina waɗi 22 000 ha e nder nokku keeriiɗo biyeteeɗo Tussen-die-Riviere.<ref>"Tussen Die Riviere Game Reserve". SA Places. Retrieved 26 November 2016.</ref> == Mayo == Maayo ngo ko ɓuuɓri ndiyam gadani wonande Maseru, laamorgo leydi Lesoto, dariiɗo e dow maayo ngo. E sahaaji toɓooli seeɗa, ŋakkeende ndiyam ina waawi arde. Ngam haɓaade ɗum, ɓulli keewɗi mbaɗaama e mbaydiiji ko wayi no baraas Muela e baraas Meulspruit.<ref>"Caledon River - Dams". Archived from the original on 3 December 2013. Retrieved 22 March 2012.</ref> E hitaande 2003, ndiyam yaltinaama ɗoo ngam haɗde yooro.<ref>"Drought". Archived from the original on 10 March 2007. Retrieved 5 August 2005.</ref> Falnde Kaledon ina jogii nafoore e daartol leñol Basotho. Nokku oo ina heewi ndiyam no feewi, ina waawi remde tawa ndiyam alaa. Ɗum waɗi ɗum yiɗde, ina jeyaa e ko addani ɗum hare hakkunde Basotho en e Boer en.<ref>Coplan, David B. (2001). "A river runs through it: The meaning of the Lesotho‐free state border". African Affairs. 100 (398): 81–116. doi:10.1093/afraf/100.398.81.</ref> Maasa ina remee e nokkuuji keewɗi e nder falnde Caledon.<ref name=":0" /> == Himobe== r61y30ypla3oz2aqzntmzb9mpfuwcoc 0 42390 175603 175602 2026-06-22T12:00:00Z Nnamadee 11577 175603 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:Liebenbergsvleirivier, Bethlehem, stroomaf, b.jpg|thumb|The Liebenbergsvlei outside [[Bethlehem, Free State|Bethlehem]], Free State]] [[File:Vaal Basin OSM.png|thumb|The river Liebenbergsvlei in the catchment area of the Vaal (right center)]] The '''Liebenbergsvlei River''' is a [[tributary]] of the [[Wilge River]], flowing in the [[Free State (province)|Free State province]] of [[South Africa]]. '''Maayo Liebenbergsvlei''' ko maayo Wilge, ngo rewi ko e diiwaan Free State to Afrik worgo. == Eɓɓoore ndiyam toownde Lesotho == Liebenbergsvlei ko ɓuuɓri ndiyam ndi Eɓɓaande ndiyam Toownde Lesoto rokkata. Ndiyam ɗam ina yalta e ɓuuɓri maayo As, woni 9 km to fuɗnaange Clarens, ngo udditaa e hitaande 1998. As ina yettina ndiyam to baraas Saulspoort e maayo Liebenbergsvlei e Wilge dow, ɗo caggal nde ndiyam ɗam naati e baraas Vaal. Baraas Vaal ina waawi kadi ɓeydeede gila e eɓɓaande ndiyam Tugela-Vaal, e yaltinde ndiyam e baraas Sterkfontein rewrude e maayo Nuwejaarspruit e maayo Wilge. == Maraton laana ndiwoowa == Maraton laana ndiwoowa Liebensbergvlei hitaande kala ko kewu hitaande kala, balɗe ɗiɗi. Nde fuɗɗotoo ko sara Reitz, daawal gadanal ngal joofna ko 33 km dow to ngesa Zorgvliet, sara Tweeling. Ñalawma ɗiɗaɓo oo fuɗɗotoo ko e ngesa Bruinswick to fuɗnaange Tweeling, haa joofna e Frankfort.<ref>VKB Liebenbergsvlei canoe marathon, Route & Maps, 2019</ref> == Tuugnorgal == mei77y4dv2uayb06bx2uzb9v96rea0f 175606 175603 2026-06-22T12:25:08Z Fulani215 7983 /* Himobe */ fixed typo 175606 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:Liebenbergsvleirivier, Bethlehem, stroomaf, b.jpg|thumb|The Liebenbergsvlei outside [[Bethlehem, Free State|Bethlehem]], Free State]] [[File:Vaal Basin OSM.png|thumb|The river Liebenbergsvlei in the catchment area of the Vaal (right center)]] The '''Liebenbergsvlei River''' is a [[tributary]] of the [[Wilge River]], flowing in the [[Free State (province)|Free State province]] of [[South Africa]]. '''Maayo Liebenbergsvlei''' ko maayo Wilge, ngo rewi ko e diiwaan Free State to Afrik worgo. == Eɓɓoore ndiyam toownde Lesotho == Liebenbergsvlei ko ɓuuɓri ndiyam ndi Eɓɓaande ndiyam Toownde Lesoto rokkata. Ndiyam ɗam ina yalta e ɓuuɓri maayo As, woni 9 km to fuɗnaange Clarens, ngo udditaa e hitaande 1998. As ina yettina ndiyam to baraas Saulspoort e maayo Liebenbergsvlei e Wilge dow, ɗo caggal nde ndiyam ɗam naati e baraas Vaal. Baraas Vaal ina waawi kadi ɓeydeede gila e eɓɓaande ndiyam Tugela-Vaal, e yaltinde ndiyam e baraas Sterkfontein rewrude e maayo Nuwejaarspruit e maayo Wilge. == Maraton laana ndiwoowa == Maraton laana ndiwoowa Liebensbergvlei hitaande kala ko kewu hitaande kala, balɗe ɗiɗi. Nde fuɗɗotoo ko sara Reitz, daawal gadanal ngal joofna ko 33 km dow to ngesa Zorgvliet, sara Tweeling. Ñalawma ɗiɗaɓo oo fuɗɗotoo ko e ngesa Bruinswick to fuɗnaange Tweeling, haa joofna e Frankfort.<ref>VKB Liebenbergsvlei canoe marathon, Route & Maps, 2019</ref> == Himobe== 8swqjxsh8qd64n33hf611nw3pqzgu7z 175607 175606 2026-06-22T12:26:00Z Fulani215 7983 /* */ fixed typo 175607 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Maayo Liebenbergsvlei''' ko maayo Wilge, ngo rewi ko e diiwaan Free State to Afrik worgo. [[File:Liebenbergsvleirivier, Bethlehem, stroomaf, b.jpg|thumb|The Liebenbergsvlei outside [[Bethlehem, Free State|Bethlehem]], Free State]] [[File:Vaal Basin OSM.png|thumb|The river Liebenbergsvlei in the catchment area of the Vaal (right center)]] The '''Liebenbergsvlei River''' is a [[tributary]] of the [[Wilge River]], flowing in the [[Free State (province)|Free State province]] of [[South Africa]]. == Eɓɓoore ndiyam toownde Lesotho == Liebenbergsvlei ko ɓuuɓri ndiyam ndi Eɓɓaande ndiyam Toownde Lesoto rokkata. Ndiyam ɗam ina yalta e ɓuuɓri maayo As, woni 9 km to fuɗnaange Clarens, ngo udditaa e hitaande 1998. As ina yettina ndiyam to baraas Saulspoort e maayo Liebenbergsvlei e Wilge dow, ɗo caggal nde ndiyam ɗam naati e baraas Vaal. Baraas Vaal ina waawi kadi ɓeydeede gila e eɓɓaande ndiyam Tugela-Vaal, e yaltinde ndiyam e baraas Sterkfontein rewrude e maayo Nuwejaarspruit e maayo Wilge. == Maraton laana ndiwoowa == Maraton laana ndiwoowa Liebensbergvlei hitaande kala ko kewu hitaande kala, balɗe ɗiɗi. Nde fuɗɗotoo ko sara Reitz, daawal gadanal ngal joofna ko 33 km dow to ngesa Zorgvliet, sara Tweeling. Ñalawma ɗiɗaɓo oo fuɗɗotoo ko e ngesa Bruinswick to fuɗnaange Tweeling, haa joofna e Frankfort.<ref>VKB Liebenbergsvlei canoe marathon, Route & Maps, 2019</ref> == Himobe== fn622v8dxneu4aj1r103q51zlbsy6la 0 42391 175611 2026-06-22T13:48:26Z Sardeeq 14292 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1359942557|Iquo Inyang Minimah]]" 175611 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Iquo Inyang Minimah''' ko awokaajo leydi Najeriya, ko o siyaasaajo mo [[Diiwal Akwa Ibom|leydi Akwa Ibom]] . == Kugal == O wakiilii yimɓe Ikono /Ini nder diiwal Akwa Ibom haa Asaambele ngenndi les njiimaandi lannda Demokaraasi Yimɓe gila 1999 haa 2003. [1] Minimah suɓaama kadi ngam manndaa ɗiɗaɓo haa hitaande 2007. E hitaande 2011, o tawtoraama woote Senaa e les njiimaandi Kongres All Progressive kono o dañii woote gardagol leydi. [1] == Tuugnorgal == i26q5asm0dzww98ckyebhtpi9mup4fg 175613 175611 2026-06-22T13:49:01Z Sardeeq 14292 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1359942557|Iquo Inyang Minimah]]" 175613 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Iquo Inyang Minimah''' ko awokaajo leydi Najeriya, ko o siyaasaajo mo [[Diiwal Akwa Ibom|leydi Akwa Ibom]].<ref>Premium Times <nowiki>https://www.premiumtimesng.com/opinion/534509-election-cycles-and-nigerian-women-2-winning-but-no-critical-mass-yet-by-tayo-agunbiade.html?tztc=1</nowiki>. Retrieved 2023-03-01</ref> == Kugal == O wakiilii yimɓe Ikono /Ini nder diiwal Akwa Ibom haa Asaambele ngenndi les njiimaandi lannda Demokaraasi Yimɓe gila 1999 haa 2003. [1] Minimah suɓaama kadi ngam manndaa ɗiɗaɓo haa hitaande 2007. E hitaande 2011, o tawtoraama woote Senaa e les njiimaandi Kongres All Progressive kono o dañii woote gardagol leydi. [1] == Tuugnorgal == 7nchmf2de1xtaig1yg8ji1a86xmhwmo 175614 175613 2026-06-22T13:49:20Z Sardeeq 14292 175614 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Iquo Inyang Minimah''' ko awokaajo leydi Najeriya, ko o siyaasaajo mo [[Diiwal Akwa Ibom|leydi Akwa Ibom]].<ref>Premium Times <nowiki>https://www.premiumtimesng.com/opinion/534509-election-cycles-and-nigerian-women-2-winning-but-no-critical-mass-yet-by-tayo-agunbiade.html?tztc=1</nowiki>. Retrieved 2023-03-01</ref> == Kugal == O wakiilii yimɓe Ikono /Ini nder diiwal Akwa Ibom haa Asaambele ngenndi les njiimaandi lannda Demokaraasi Yimɓe gila 1999 haa 2003. [1] Minimah suɓaama kadi ngam manndaa ɗiɗaɓo haa hitaande 2007. E hitaande 2011, o tawtoraama woote Senaa e les njiimaandi Kongres All Progressive kono o dañii woote gardagol leydi. [1] == Tuugnorgal == rzzrdcnly7h6csd14wlm1lgkpksi7tn 175615 175614 2026-06-22T13:51:02Z Fulani215 7983 /* Himobe */ fixed typo 175615 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Iquo Inyang Minimah''' ko awokaajo leydi Najeriya, ko o siyaasaajo mo [[Diiwal Akwa Ibom|leydi Akwa Ibom]].<ref>Premium Times <nowiki>https://www.premiumtimesng.com/opinion/534509-election-cycles-and-nigerian-women-2-winning-but-no-critical-mass-yet-by-tayo-agunbiade.html?tztc=1</nowiki>. Retrieved 2023-03-01</ref> == Kugal == O wakiilii yimɓe Ikono /Ini nder diiwal Akwa Ibom haa Asaambele ngenndi les njiimaandi lannda Demokaraasi Yimɓe gila 1999 haa 2003. [1] Minimah suɓaama kadi ngam manndaa ɗiɗaɓo haa hitaande 2007. E hitaande 2011, o tawtoraama woote Senaa e les njiimaandi Kongres All Progressive kono o dañii woote gardagol leydi. [1] == Himobe== 04dasl2y0cxysvd0zfkqwmhpbb9yp7y 175619 175615 2026-06-22T13:52:03Z Fulani215 7983 /* */ fixed typo 175619 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Iquo Inyang Minimah''' ko awokaajo leydi [[Naajeeriya]], ko o siyaasaajo mo [[Diiwal Akwa Ibom|leydi Akwa Ibom]].<ref>Premium Times <nowiki>https://www.premiumtimesng.com/opinion/534509-election-cycles-and-nigerian-women-2-winning-but-no-critical-mass-yet-by-tayo-agunbiade.html?tztc=1</nowiki>. Retrieved 2023-03-01</ref> == Kugal == O wakiilii yimɓe Ikono /Ini nder diiwal Akwa Ibom haa Asaambele ngenndi les njiimaandi lannda Demokaraasi Yimɓe gila 1999 haa 2003. [1] Minimah suɓaama kadi ngam manndaa ɗiɗaɓo haa hitaande 2007. E hitaande 2011, o tawtoraama woote Senaa e les njiimaandi Kongres All Progressive kono o dañii woote gardagol leydi. [1] == Himobe== 2d3yc1o03ohjib944q2imz9n1v0rhr5 175621 175619 2026-06-22T13:52:31Z Fulani215 7983 /* Kugal */ fixed typo 175621 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Iquo Inyang Minimah''' ko awokaajo leydi [[Naajeeriya]], ko o siyaasaajo mo [[Diiwal Akwa Ibom|leydi Akwa Ibom]].<ref>Premium Times <nowiki>https://www.premiumtimesng.com/opinion/534509-election-cycles-and-nigerian-women-2-winning-but-no-critical-mass-yet-by-tayo-agunbiade.html?tztc=1</nowiki>. Retrieved 2023-03-01</ref> == Kugal == O wakiilii yimɓe Ikono /Ini nder diiwal Akwa Ibom haa Asaambele ngenndi les njiimaandi lannda Demokaraasi Yimɓe gila 1999 haa 2003.Minimah suɓaama kadi ngam manndaa ɗiɗaɓo haa hitaande 2007. E hitaande 2011, o tawtoraama woote Senaa e les njiimaandi Kongres All Progressive kono o dañii woote gardagol leydi. == Himobe== hrsltmrryyul5ikw6o4zfp8lv0ggoc6 175633 175621 2026-06-22T13:59:22Z Fulani215 7983 /* Kugal */ fixed typo 175633 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Iquo Inyang Minimah''' ko awokaajo leydi [[Naajeeriya]], ko o siyaasaajo mo [[Diiwal Akwa Ibom|leydi Akwa Ibom]].<ref>Premium Times <nowiki>https://www.premiumtimesng.com/opinion/534509-election-cycles-and-nigerian-women-2-winning-but-no-critical-mass-yet-by-tayo-agunbiade.html?tztc=1</nowiki>. Retrieved 2023-03-01</ref> == Kugal == O wakiilii yimɓe Ikono /Ini nder diiwal Akwa Ibom haa Asaambele ngenndi les njiimaandi lannda Demokaraasi Yimɓe gila 1999 haa 2003. Minimah suɓaama kadi ngam manndaa ɗiɗaɓo haa hitaande 2007. E hitaande 2011, o tawtoraama woote Senaa e les njiimaandi Kongres All Progressive kono o dañii woote gardagol leydi. == Himobe== a3w6msscy2axlz6cmmog0nequz1kx5p 175636 175633 2026-06-22T13:59:44Z Fulani215 7983 /* Kugal */ fixed typo 175636 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Iquo Inyang Minimah''' ko awokaajo leydi [[Naajeeriya]], ko o siyaasaajo mo [[Diiwal Akwa Ibom|leydi Akwa Ibom]].<ref>Premium Times <nowiki>https://www.premiumtimesng.com/opinion/534509-election-cycles-and-nigerian-women-2-winning-but-no-critical-mass-yet-by-tayo-agunbiade.html?tztc=1</nowiki>. Retrieved 2023-03-01</ref> == Kugal == O wakiilii yimɓe Ikono Ini nder diiwal Akwa Ibom haa Asaambele ngenndi les njiimaandi lannda Demokaraasi Yimɓe gila 1999 haa 2003. Minimah suɓaama kadi ngam manndaa ɗiɗaɓo haa hitaande 2007. E hitaande 2011, o tawtoraama woote Senaa e les njiimaandi Kongres All Progressive kono o dañii woote gardagol leydi. == Himobe== i7hhr1m6jsd88g4veste2uf84ywd9kq 0 42392 175616 2026-06-22T13:51:04Z Sardeeq 14292 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1359942369|Ahmed Hassan Barata]]" 175616 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ahmed Hassan Barata''' Listen B woni siyaasaajo lesdi Naajeeriya, mo suɓaama nder suudu joonde lesdi Naajeeriya ngam suɓugo suudu joonde diidaaɗi lesdi Naajeeriya haa [[Diiwal Aadamaawa|lesdi Adamawa]], [[Naajeeriya|lesdi Naajeeriya]] nder suɓol lesdi Naajeeriya nder lewru Abriil 2011. O dañii woote e dow laylaytol lannda Demokaraasi yimɓe (PDP). Barata suɓaama e suudu sarɗiiji ngam diiwaan Guyuk/Shelleng e lewru mee 1999 ; o golliima haa lewru mee 2003. O tawtoraama woote gardagol leydi ndii e lewru abriil 2007 kono o fooli ɗum ko James Audu Kwawo mo Kongres Action . O woniino kadi Aspirant guwerneer e nder diiwaan Adamawa, 2015 Barata heɓiino suɓaade PDP ngam suɓaade hooreejo leydi Adamawa Sud e hitaande 2011 e nder wooteeji gadani. O heɓi 738 woote, o fooli senaateer jooɗiiɗo jooni oo , hono Grace Folasade Bent, keɓnooɗo 406. Bent, mo nganndu-ɗaa ina yiɗi ardorde lannda PDP, caggal ɗuum wiyi o dañii primaire rerun. Nde haala makko ƴeewtetee ndee, ñaawoore yamiri Komiseer ngenndiijo woote (INEC) yo ittu innde Barata e doggol kanndidaaji, lomtinana ɗum Bent. Ɗaɓɓaande Bent ndee, caggal ɗuum, INEC, e Ñaawirde Toownde Fedde nde, Abuja e awokaaji PDP njaɓaani ɗum. <ref name="Nation20110502" /> E wooteeji 9 abriil 2011, Barata heɓi 101 760 woote, o ardii Mohammed Koiraga Jada mo Kongres Action de Nijeer (ACN) heɓi 66 525 woote. E hitaande 2013, Barata wooti ngam laawɗinde dewgal sukaaɓe . E lewru noowammbar 2013, Barata renndini masiŋaaji njuumri, masiŋaaji sewnde, kaɓirɗe njuumri, e kuutorɗe ndiyam nokkuuji ngam ndema e nder yontaaji yooro, e yimɓe mum. Ndeen o jeertinii naftortooɓe ɓee wonde maa ɓe kuɗtu Alla so ɓe cuɓaaki mo e wooteeji 2015 . Ngolɗoo konngol mettinii e yoga e doosɗe leydi ndii, ɓe pelliti jaɓde ‘dokke’ makko, woɗɓe pelliti jaɓde ɗe kono haa jooni ɓe cuɓaaki mo. Porogaraam oo ɓeydii luural sabu yoɓde kaalis oo waɗi ko e galle makko keeriiɗo to Yola, wonaa e nokkuuji jeenay laamu nokkuuji e nder diiwaan makko senaateer . [1] [2] Barata waawaano jogaade darnde mum caggal nde heɓi tan ko 39 woote, so renndinaama e woote Jonathan Zwingina 274, e nder wooteeji gardagol leydi ngam suɓaade PDP. == Tuugnorgal == [[Category:Yimɓe wuurɓe]] hdt28ovz4xzmexi1e6tnfimqxkifmdc 175617 175616 2026-06-22T13:51:23Z Sardeeq 14292 175617 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Ahmed Hassan Barata''' Listen B woni siyaasaajo lesdi Naajeeriya, mo suɓaama nder suudu joonde lesdi Naajeeriya ngam suɓugo suudu joonde diidaaɗi lesdi Naajeeriya haa [[Diiwal Aadamaawa|lesdi Adamawa]], [[Naajeeriya|lesdi Naajeeriya]] nder suɓol lesdi Naajeeriya nder lewru Abriil 2011. O dañii woote e dow laylaytol lannda Demokaraasi yimɓe (PDP). Barata suɓaama e suudu sarɗiiji ngam diiwaan Guyuk/Shelleng e lewru mee 1999 ; o golliima haa lewru mee 2003. O tawtoraama woote gardagol leydi ndii e lewru abriil 2007 kono o fooli ɗum ko James Audu Kwawo mo Kongres Action . O woniino kadi Aspirant guwerneer e nder diiwaan Adamawa, 2015 Barata heɓiino suɓaade PDP ngam suɓaade hooreejo leydi Adamawa Sud e hitaande 2011 e nder wooteeji gadani. O heɓi 738 woote, o fooli senaateer jooɗiiɗo jooni oo , hono Grace Folasade Bent, keɓnooɗo 406. Bent, mo nganndu-ɗaa ina yiɗi ardorde lannda PDP, caggal ɗuum wiyi o dañii primaire rerun. Nde haala makko ƴeewtetee ndee, ñaawoore yamiri Komiseer ngenndiijo woote (INEC) yo ittu innde Barata e doggol kanndidaaji, lomtinana ɗum Bent. Ɗaɓɓaande Bent ndee, caggal ɗuum, INEC, e Ñaawirde Toownde Fedde nde, Abuja e awokaaji PDP njaɓaani ɗum. <ref name="Nation20110502" /> E wooteeji 9 abriil 2011, Barata heɓi 101 760 woote, o ardii Mohammed Koiraga Jada mo Kongres Action de Nijeer (ACN) heɓi 66 525 woote. E hitaande 2013, Barata wooti ngam laawɗinde dewgal sukaaɓe . E lewru noowammbar 2013, Barata renndini masiŋaaji njuumri, masiŋaaji sewnde, kaɓirɗe njuumri, e kuutorɗe ndiyam nokkuuji ngam ndema e nder yontaaji yooro, e yimɓe mum. Ndeen o jeertinii naftortooɓe ɓee wonde maa ɓe kuɗtu Alla so ɓe cuɓaaki mo e wooteeji 2015 . Ngolɗoo konngol mettinii e yoga e doosɗe leydi ndii, ɓe pelliti jaɓde ‘dokke’ makko, woɗɓe pelliti jaɓde ɗe kono haa jooni ɓe cuɓaaki mo. Porogaraam oo ɓeydii luural sabu yoɓde kaalis oo waɗi ko e galle makko keeriiɗo to Yola, wonaa e nokkuuji jeenay laamu nokkuuji e nder diiwaan makko senaateer . [1] [2] Barata waawaano jogaade darnde mum caggal nde heɓi tan ko 39 woote, so renndinaama e woote Jonathan Zwingina 274, e nder wooteeji gardagol leydi ngam suɓaade PDP. == Tuugnorgal == [[Category:Yimɓe wuurɓe]] sfn7hai9rhj6sbev70jsl970lu3pyv7 0 42393 175618 2026-06-22T13:51:59Z Sardeeq 14292 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1359942364|Jonathan Asake]]" 175618 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Jonathan Asake''' (jibinaa ko 1965 ) ko dawriyanke leydi Nijeer, gonnooɗo depitee. O woniino kanndidaa e wooteeji guwerneeruuji diiwaan Kaduna 2023 e les lannda Labour . Ko adii nde o toɗɗaa ngam wonde kanndidaa guwerneer, o woniino hooreejo fedde yimɓe leydi Kaduna (SOKAPU) <ref name=":0" /> E nder yeewtere nde tele Channels Television 's, ''Sunrise Daily'', hokki mo, o laɓɓinii wonde lannda Labour mo o ardii oo, wonaa ajenda yimɓe Kaduna Sud . E konngol makko, "Lanndaaji Labour wonaa ajenda yimɓe fuɗnaange, ko hollirde yaakaare wonande yimɓe ɓe cikkatnoo ko ɓe ngoppitaa, min mbaɗii kampaañ e nder laamuuji nokkuuji ɗii fof e goonga, jamaanu teeŋtuɗo e nder laamuuji nokkuuji ɗii fof ina cikka ko ɓe ngoppitaa". == Luural == Asake tuumaama dow o hokkata ₦200 miliyon ceede ngam hokkugo yimɓe ɓiɓɓe lesdi Kaduna, Nyesom Wike nder hitaande 2022. Ɗum waɗi wakkati o anndini anniya maako ngam suɓugo hooreejo lesdi Kaduna . E nder jaabawol makko, o wiyi == Tuugnorgal == [[Category:Yimɓe wuurɓe]] 5xleen1db2r0e4et7r76z8vncqpq1p5 175620 175618 2026-06-22T13:52:13Z Sardeeq 14292 175620 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Jonathan Asake''' (jibinaa ko 1965 ) ko dawriyanke leydi Nijeer, gonnooɗo depitee. O woniino kanndidaa e wooteeji guwerneeruuji diiwaan Kaduna 2023 e les lannda Labour . Ko adii nde o toɗɗaa ngam wonde kanndidaa guwerneer, o woniino hooreejo fedde yimɓe leydi Kaduna (SOKAPU) <ref name=":0" /> E nder yeewtere nde tele Channels Television 's, ''Sunrise Daily'', hokki mo, o laɓɓinii wonde lannda Labour mo o ardii oo, wonaa ajenda yimɓe Kaduna Sud . E konngol makko, "Lanndaaji Labour wonaa ajenda yimɓe fuɗnaange, ko hollirde yaakaare wonande yimɓe ɓe cikkatnoo ko ɓe ngoppitaa, min mbaɗii kampaañ e nder laamuuji nokkuuji ɗii fof e goonga, jamaanu teeŋtuɗo e nder laamuuji nokkuuji ɗii fof ina cikka ko ɓe ngoppitaa". == Luural == Asake tuumaama dow o hokkata ₦200 miliyon ceede ngam hokkugo yimɓe ɓiɓɓe lesdi Kaduna, Nyesom Wike nder hitaande 2022. Ɗum waɗi wakkati o anndini anniya maako ngam suɓugo hooreejo lesdi Kaduna . E nder jaabawol makko, o wiyi == Tuugnorgal == [[Category:Yimɓe wuurɓe]] 7oh5ffdwrjvkgpkqk5y2r0p2wtyd8rw 0 42394 175622 2026-06-22T13:53:25Z Sardeeq 14292 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1360455552|Mohammed Arzika]]" 175622 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mohammed Arzika''' toɗɗaama jaagorgal jokkondiral [[Naajeeriya|leydi Naajeeriya]] gila lewru suwee 1999 haa lewru suwee 2001 e nder kabine hooreejo leydi Naajeeriya [[Olusegun Obasanjo]] . O sankii ko caggal rafi seeɗa ñalnde 9 lewru nduu hitaande 2015. == Ɓawo == Mohammed Arzika jibinaa ko to Tambuwal, e nder diiwaan [[Sakkwatoɓe|Sokoto]], leydi Najeriya, ñalnde 21 abriil hitaande 1943, e galle Alhaji Usmaan Nabungudu e Hajiya Bilikisu. O janngii duɗal leslesal Tambuwal tuggi 1951 haa 1953, duɗal hakkundeewal Sokoto tuggi 1953 haa 1955 e duɗal hakkundeewal diiwaan (Kollej Nagarta) tuggi 1955 haa 1961. O janngi kadi to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Barewa tuggi 1962 haa 1963 e duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Ahmadu e Institute Zaar a Belld Baccalauréat e njuɓɓudi laamu tuggi 1964 haa 1967. Arzika naati nder kuugal laamu lesdi ndin nder hitaande 1967, o huwi nder ministaaje feere-feere e birooji laamu lesdi ndin. O wonii balloowo hooreejo leydi ndii, ministeer fedde nde ko feewti e miniraaji e doole 1967–1968, balloowo hooreejo leydi ndii, komisiyoŋ golle laamu leydi ndii 1968–1969, balloowo hooreejo leydi ndii e hitaande 1969–1971. O yahi haa kuugal laamu lesdi Northwestern nder hitaande 1971, o laati ardiiɗo balloowo mawɗo lesdi Naajeeriya nder hitaande 1972. O ɗon nodda haa ammbasade Naajeeriya haa lesdi Amerika, Washington DC, o laati Recruitment Attache diga hitaande 1972 haa 1975. E hitaande 1975, o toɗɗaa hooreejo hooreejo leydi (Seneraal Murtala Muhammad) o wonti hooreejo hooreejo leydi (Seneraal Olusegun Obasanjo) tuggi 1976 haa 1979. Hakkunde 1979 e hitaande 1980 o woniino Ministeer Finance, Exta e wontude gardiiɗo mawɗo, njuɓɓudi ƴellitaare maayo Sokoto-Rima e hitaande 1980. O woppi golle Siwil e ndeeɗoo darnde e hitaande 1984 ngam naatde e golle keertiiɗe, caggal ɗuum o naati e politik. O sosi fedde ndema wiyeteende MAZ Agriculture Enterprises Ltd e hitaande 1984 ndema ndema e MAZ Global Ventures Ltd ndema ndema ndema. Darndeeji goɗɗi ɗi o joginoo ko wayi no tergal, yiilirde, Sosiyetee Sokoto Investment ltd 1985–1987, hooreejo, suudu njulaagu, njulaagu, miniraaji e ndema dowla Sokoto 1986–1989, diisneteeɗo ndema e jawdi tago, Diisnondiral nokkuuji Yabo991. Hooreejo, Kawtal Laamu, Politeknik Fedde nde, Kaura Namoda 1986–1989, Sekereteer yuɓɓinoowo, Kawtal Remooɓe Naajeeriya 1986-1989 e tergal, Kawtal Laamuuji, Jaami’aare lesdi Sokoto 2011 -2017. Arzika kadi wonnoo ko tergal e Goomu mawɓe diiwaan Sokoto e Goomu mawɓe ngenndi Turaki (Shehu Shagari). == Golle politik == Arzika naati nder siyaasaaku nde o fooli e o heɓi suɓol ngam wakili'en lesdi Yabo/Tambuwal nder asaambele lesdi 1988-1989 nde o waɗi ngam yewtugo e jaɓuki kuuɗe doosgal lesdi ngam wartugo laamu siwil nder hitaande 1993 o laati debbo hakkundeejo lesdi Babangida Ibrahim. Arzika ko hooreejo lannda Solidarite Leñol (PSP), gooto e lanndaaji politik ɗaɓɓunooɗi winnditaade nde Seneraal [[Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida|Ibraahiima Babangida]] fuɗɗii heblo ngam waylude ngonka demokaraasi e hitaande 1991, caggal ɗuum o naati e lannda Sosiyaalist Demokaraasi (SDP). Arzika haɓaama ngam suɓaade hooreejo leydi lannda Sosiyaalist Demokaraasi, o dañii heen ammbasadeer Babgana Kingibe e lewru suwee 1990. O naati e Goomu mawɓe SDP haa nde Seneraal Sani Abacha woppi ɗum e lewru noowammbar 1993. Caggal nde Republique tataɓere Nijeer ƴaañii e ƴettugol laamu e juuɗe Seneraal [[Sani Abacha]], o wonti tergal e Kawtal Demokaraasi Ngenndiwal (NADECO) sosaangal e lewru mee 1994. E wondude e Balarabe Musa e woɗɓe seeɗa to Fuɗnaange, ɓe ndartinii sabaabu gartugol presumed winner to Jun911 wooteeji Mawɗo MKO Abiola haa Abiola sankii e hitaande 1998. E hitaande 1998, Arzika hawti e fedde politikaaji mawɗi ɗi hooreejo Solomon Lar anndiraa G18 ummoriiɗo Fuɗnaange Naajeeriya ngam ɗaɓɓude e Seneraal Sani Abacha yo woppu laamu mum, o artira Naajeeriya e laamu siwil. Fedde nde ɓaawo man yaaji haa hawti bee siyaasa'en mawɓe woɓɓe diga lesdi Naajeeriya (G34) bee ardungal gonnooɗo cukko hooreejo lesdi Alex Ekwueme nden ɓe jokki bee agitaasiyoŋ. E maayde Abacha e Abiola ɗoon e ɗoon, hooreejo leydi keso oo, hono Seneraal Abdulsalami Abubakar, hollitii wonde konu nguu maa rokku laamu siwil en e lewru mee 1999, golle politik puɗɗii. Ndeen G34 yaajii haa wonti fedde pan Nijeer nde wonti lannda Demokaraasi Leƴƴi (PDP). Arzika suɓii ko heddaade Sokoto ngam yuɓɓinde lannda kaa, ko kanko woni Hooreejo Dowla mum gadano. Lannda Demokaraasi Leƴƴi (PDP) heɓiino woote hooreejo leydi e hitaande 1999, kanndidaa mum- Arzika gonnooɗo hooreejo leydi Seneraal Olusegun Obasanjo artii e laamu. [ ] == Tuugnorgal == [[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]] cceva76r9si8s2mu1jew401ao3kj39r 175623 175622 2026-06-22T13:54:42Z Sardeeq 14292 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1360455552|Mohammed Arzika]]" 175623 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mohammed Arzika''' toɗɗaama jaagorgal jokkondiral [[Naajeeriya|leydi Naajeeriya]] gila lewru suwee 1999 haa lewru suwee 2001 e nder kabine hooreejo leydi Naajeeriya [[Olusegun Obasanjo]] . O sankii ko caggal rafi seeɗa ñalnde 9 lewru nduu hitaande 2015.<ref>The office of the Chief of Staff - Daily Trust". Daily Trust. 19 July 2019. Retrieved 25 November 2024.</ref><ref>ARZIKA, Alh Muhammad". Biographical Legacy and Research Foundation. 15 November 2016. Retrieved 21 June 2026.</ref> == Ɓawo == Mohammed Arzika jibinaa ko to Tambuwal, e nder diiwaan [[Sakkwatoɓe|Sokoto]], leydi Najeriya, ñalnde 21 abriil hitaande 1943, e galle Alhaji Usmaan Nabungudu e Hajiya Bilikisu. O janngii duɗal leslesal Tambuwal tuggi 1951 haa 1953, duɗal hakkundeewal Sokoto tuggi 1953 haa 1955 e duɗal hakkundeewal diiwaan (Kollej Nagarta) tuggi 1955 haa 1961. O janngi kadi to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Barewa tuggi 1962 haa 1963 e duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Ahmadu e Institute Zaar a Belld Baccalauréat e njuɓɓudi laamu tuggi 1964 haa 1967. Arzika naati nder kuugal laamu lesdi ndin nder hitaande 1967, o huwi nder ministaaje feere-feere e birooji laamu lesdi ndin. O wonii balloowo hooreejo leydi ndii, ministeer fedde nde ko feewti e miniraaji e doole 1967–1968, balloowo hooreejo leydi ndii, komisiyoŋ golle laamu leydi ndii 1968–1969, balloowo hooreejo leydi ndii e hitaande 1969–1971. O yahi haa kuugal laamu lesdi Northwestern nder hitaande 1971, o laati ardiiɗo balloowo mawɗo lesdi Naajeeriya nder hitaande 1972. O ɗon nodda haa ammbasade Naajeeriya haa lesdi Amerika, Washington DC, o laati Recruitment Attache diga hitaande 1972 haa 1975. E hitaande 1975, o toɗɗaa hooreejo hooreejo leydi (Seneraal Murtala Muhammad) o wonti hooreejo hooreejo leydi (Seneraal Olusegun Obasanjo) tuggi 1976 haa 1979. Hakkunde 1979 e hitaande 1980 o woniino Ministeer Finance, Exta e wontude gardiiɗo mawɗo, njuɓɓudi ƴellitaare maayo Sokoto-Rima e hitaande 1980. O woppi golle Siwil e ndeeɗoo darnde e hitaande 1984 ngam naatde e golle keertiiɗe, caggal ɗuum o naati e politik. O sosi fedde ndema wiyeteende MAZ Agriculture Enterprises Ltd e hitaande 1984 ndema ndema e MAZ Global Ventures Ltd ndema ndema ndema. Darndeeji goɗɗi ɗi o joginoo ko wayi no tergal, yiilirde, Sosiyetee Sokoto Investment ltd 1985–1987, hooreejo, suudu njulaagu, njulaagu, miniraaji e ndema dowla Sokoto 1986–1989, diisneteeɗo ndema e jawdi tago, Diisnondiral nokkuuji Yabo991. Hooreejo, Kawtal Laamu, Politeknik Fedde nde, Kaura Namoda 1986–1989, Sekereteer yuɓɓinoowo, Kawtal Remooɓe Naajeeriya 1986-1989 e tergal, Kawtal Laamuuji, Jaami’aare lesdi Sokoto 2011 -2017. Arzika kadi wonnoo ko tergal e Goomu mawɓe diiwaan Sokoto e Goomu mawɓe ngenndi Turaki (Shehu Shagari). == Golle politik == Arzika naati nder siyaasaaku nde o fooli e o heɓi suɓol ngam wakili'en lesdi Yabo/Tambuwal nder asaambele lesdi 1988-1989 nde o waɗi ngam yewtugo e jaɓuki kuuɗe doosgal lesdi ngam wartugo laamu siwil nder hitaande 1993 o laati debbo hakkundeejo lesdi Babangida Ibrahim. Arzika ko hooreejo lannda Solidarite Leñol (PSP), gooto e lanndaaji politik ɗaɓɓunooɗi winnditaade nde Seneraal [[Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida|Ibraahiima Babangida]] fuɗɗii heblo ngam waylude ngonka demokaraasi e hitaande 1991, caggal ɗuum o naati e lannda Sosiyaalist Demokaraasi (SDP). Arzika haɓaama ngam suɓaade hooreejo leydi lannda Sosiyaalist Demokaraasi, o dañii heen ammbasadeer Babgana Kingibe e lewru suwee 1990. O naati e Goomu mawɓe SDP haa nde Seneraal Sani Abacha woppi ɗum e lewru noowammbar 1993. Caggal nde Republique tataɓere Nijeer ƴaañii e ƴettugol laamu e juuɗe Seneraal [[Sani Abacha]], o wonti tergal e Kawtal Demokaraasi Ngenndiwal (NADECO) sosaangal e lewru mee 1994. E wondude e Balarabe Musa e woɗɓe seeɗa to Fuɗnaange, ɓe ndartinii sabaabu gartugol presumed winner to Jun911 wooteeji Mawɗo MKO Abiola haa Abiola sankii e hitaande 1998. E hitaande 1998, Arzika hawti e fedde politikaaji mawɗi ɗi hooreejo Solomon Lar anndiraa G18 ummoriiɗo Fuɗnaange Naajeeriya ngam ɗaɓɓude e Seneraal Sani Abacha yo woppu laamu mum, o artira Naajeeriya e laamu siwil. Fedde nde ɓaawo man yaaji haa hawti bee siyaasa'en mawɓe woɓɓe diga lesdi Naajeeriya (G34) bee ardungal gonnooɗo cukko hooreejo lesdi Alex Ekwueme nden ɓe jokki bee agitaasiyoŋ. E maayde Abacha e Abiola ɗoon e ɗoon, hooreejo leydi keso oo, hono Seneraal Abdulsalami Abubakar, hollitii wonde konu nguu maa rokku laamu siwil en e lewru mee 1999, golle politik puɗɗii. Ndeen G34 yaajii haa wonti fedde pan Nijeer nde wonti lannda Demokaraasi Leƴƴi (PDP). Arzika suɓii ko heddaade Sokoto ngam yuɓɓinde lannda kaa, ko kanko woni Hooreejo Dowla mum gadano. Lannda Demokaraasi Leƴƴi (PDP) heɓiino woote hooreejo leydi e hitaande 1999, kanndidaa mum- Arzika gonnooɗo hooreejo leydi Seneraal Olusegun Obasanjo artii e laamu. [ ] == Tuugnorgal == [[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 2mlx0hrdfi7x2chgpb93xd07aawm6lv 175624 175623 2026-06-22T13:55:04Z Sardeeq 14292 175624 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Mohammed Arzika''' toɗɗaama jaagorgal jokkondiral [[Naajeeriya|leydi Naajeeriya]] gila lewru suwee 1999 haa lewru suwee 2001 e nder kabine hooreejo leydi Naajeeriya [[Olusegun Obasanjo]] . O sankii ko caggal rafi seeɗa ñalnde 9 lewru nduu hitaande 2015.<ref>The office of the Chief of Staff - Daily Trust". Daily Trust. 19 July 2019. Retrieved 25 November 2024.</ref><ref>ARZIKA, Alh Muhammad". Biographical Legacy and Research Foundation. 15 November 2016. Retrieved 21 June 2026.</ref> == Ɓawo == Mohammed Arzika jibinaa ko to Tambuwal, e nder diiwaan [[Sakkwatoɓe|Sokoto]], leydi Najeriya, ñalnde 21 abriil hitaande 1943, e galle Alhaji Usmaan Nabungudu e Hajiya Bilikisu. O janngii duɗal leslesal Tambuwal tuggi 1951 haa 1953, duɗal hakkundeewal Sokoto tuggi 1953 haa 1955 e duɗal hakkundeewal diiwaan (Kollej Nagarta) tuggi 1955 haa 1961. O janngi kadi to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Barewa tuggi 1962 haa 1963 e duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Ahmadu e Institute Zaar a Belld Baccalauréat e njuɓɓudi laamu tuggi 1964 haa 1967. Arzika naati nder kuugal laamu lesdi ndin nder hitaande 1967, o huwi nder ministaaje feere-feere e birooji laamu lesdi ndin. O wonii balloowo hooreejo leydi ndii, ministeer fedde nde ko feewti e miniraaji e doole 1967–1968, balloowo hooreejo leydi ndii, komisiyoŋ golle laamu leydi ndii 1968–1969, balloowo hooreejo leydi ndii e hitaande 1969–1971. O yahi haa kuugal laamu lesdi Northwestern nder hitaande 1971, o laati ardiiɗo balloowo mawɗo lesdi Naajeeriya nder hitaande 1972. O ɗon nodda haa ammbasade Naajeeriya haa lesdi Amerika, Washington DC, o laati Recruitment Attache diga hitaande 1972 haa 1975. E hitaande 1975, o toɗɗaa hooreejo hooreejo leydi (Seneraal Murtala Muhammad) o wonti hooreejo hooreejo leydi (Seneraal Olusegun Obasanjo) tuggi 1976 haa 1979. Hakkunde 1979 e hitaande 1980 o woniino Ministeer Finance, Exta e wontude gardiiɗo mawɗo, njuɓɓudi ƴellitaare maayo Sokoto-Rima e hitaande 1980. O woppi golle Siwil e ndeeɗoo darnde e hitaande 1984 ngam naatde e golle keertiiɗe, caggal ɗuum o naati e politik. O sosi fedde ndema wiyeteende MAZ Agriculture Enterprises Ltd e hitaande 1984 ndema ndema e MAZ Global Ventures Ltd ndema ndema ndema. Darndeeji goɗɗi ɗi o joginoo ko wayi no tergal, yiilirde, Sosiyetee Sokoto Investment ltd 1985–1987, hooreejo, suudu njulaagu, njulaagu, miniraaji e ndema dowla Sokoto 1986–1989, diisneteeɗo ndema e jawdi tago, Diisnondiral nokkuuji Yabo991. Hooreejo, Kawtal Laamu, Politeknik Fedde nde, Kaura Namoda 1986–1989, Sekereteer yuɓɓinoowo, Kawtal Remooɓe Naajeeriya 1986-1989 e tergal, Kawtal Laamuuji, Jaami’aare lesdi Sokoto 2011 -2017. Arzika kadi wonnoo ko tergal e Goomu mawɓe diiwaan Sokoto e Goomu mawɓe ngenndi Turaki (Shehu Shagari). == Golle politik == Arzika naati nder siyaasaaku nde o fooli e o heɓi suɓol ngam wakili'en lesdi Yabo/Tambuwal nder asaambele lesdi 1988-1989 nde o waɗi ngam yewtugo e jaɓuki kuuɗe doosgal lesdi ngam wartugo laamu siwil nder hitaande 1993 o laati debbo hakkundeejo lesdi Babangida Ibrahim. Arzika ko hooreejo lannda Solidarite Leñol (PSP), gooto e lanndaaji politik ɗaɓɓunooɗi winnditaade nde Seneraal [[Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida|Ibraahiima Babangida]] fuɗɗii heblo ngam waylude ngonka demokaraasi e hitaande 1991, caggal ɗuum o naati e lannda Sosiyaalist Demokaraasi (SDP). Arzika haɓaama ngam suɓaade hooreejo leydi lannda Sosiyaalist Demokaraasi, o dañii heen ammbasadeer Babgana Kingibe e lewru suwee 1990. O naati e Goomu mawɓe SDP haa nde Seneraal Sani Abacha woppi ɗum e lewru noowammbar 1993. Caggal nde Republique tataɓere Nijeer ƴaañii e ƴettugol laamu e juuɗe Seneraal [[Sani Abacha]], o wonti tergal e Kawtal Demokaraasi Ngenndiwal (NADECO) sosaangal e lewru mee 1994. E wondude e Balarabe Musa e woɗɓe seeɗa to Fuɗnaange, ɓe ndartinii sabaabu gartugol presumed winner to Jun911 wooteeji Mawɗo MKO Abiola haa Abiola sankii e hitaande 1998. E hitaande 1998, Arzika hawti e fedde politikaaji mawɗi ɗi hooreejo Solomon Lar anndiraa G18 ummoriiɗo Fuɗnaange Naajeeriya ngam ɗaɓɓude e Seneraal Sani Abacha yo woppu laamu mum, o artira Naajeeriya e laamu siwil. Fedde nde ɓaawo man yaaji haa hawti bee siyaasa'en mawɓe woɓɓe diga lesdi Naajeeriya (G34) bee ardungal gonnooɗo cukko hooreejo lesdi Alex Ekwueme nden ɓe jokki bee agitaasiyoŋ. E maayde Abacha e Abiola ɗoon e ɗoon, hooreejo leydi keso oo, hono Seneraal Abdulsalami Abubakar, hollitii wonde konu nguu maa rokku laamu siwil en e lewru mee 1999, golle politik puɗɗii. Ndeen G34 yaajii haa wonti fedde pan Nijeer nde wonti lannda Demokaraasi Leƴƴi (PDP). Arzika suɓii ko heddaade Sokoto ngam yuɓɓinde lannda kaa, ko kanko woni Hooreejo Dowla mum gadano. Lannda Demokaraasi Leƴƴi (PDP) heɓiino woote hooreejo leydi e hitaande 1999, kanndidaa mum- Arzika gonnooɗo hooreejo leydi Seneraal Olusegun Obasanjo artii e laamu. [ ] == Tuugnorgal == [[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]] ebt41lgok31lsvufrmrof549q5n74hk 0 42395 175625 2026-06-22T13:55:44Z Sardeeq 14292 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1359942375|Ita Enang]]" 175625 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ita Solomon Enang''' (Listen) R (jibinaa ko 23 lewru bowte hitaande 1962) ko politikaajo leydi o woniino senateer wakiiliijo diiwaan Akwa [[Diiwal Akwa Ibom|Ibom]] to bannge worgo-fuɗnaange gila 2011 haa 2015 1999 haa 2011. Enang kadi wonnoo ko balloowo mawɗo keeriiɗo hooreejo leydi [[Muhammadu Buhari]] e geɗe Asaambele ngenndi tuggi 2015 haa 2019 e geɗe Delta Niiseer tuggi 2019 haa 2022. == Ɓawo == Enang jibinaa ko ñalnde 23 lewru bowte hitaande 1962. O naati duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde jannginooɓe Presbyterian, [[Ididep]], to diiwaan Akwa Ibom, tuggi 1974 haa 1979. O naati duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Calabar, e hitaande 1980, o janngi toon sariya, o heɓi dipolomaaji makko e hitaande , [[Lagos]], o noddiraa to Bar Nigeria e hitaande 1985. Ndeen o naati e golle keertiiɗe, o sosi fedde makko. == Golle politik == Enang wonti diisneteeɗo e hitaande 1987, o woni tergal e suudu sarɗiiji leydi Akwa Ibom e hitaande 1992. O suɓaama e suudu sarɗiiji e hitaande 1999. O waɗii manndaaji tati e nder suudu sarɗiiji. Suɓngo makko ngam lomtaade diiwaan fedde Itu/Ibiono Ibom e lewru abriil 2007, ko ñaawirdu ɗaɓɓaande suɓngooji jooɗiiɗo to Uyo, ustii ɗum e lewru desaambar 2007 . O suɓaama kadi ñalnde 20 lewru bowte hitaande 2010. Enang golliima ngam ittude dikotoomi leydi/dow leydi, ngam tabitinde wonde dowla makko Akwa Ibom wonti leydi ɓurndi heewde ngalu e nder leydi ndii. Ko o wakiliijo fedde nde ngam Itu/Ibiono, Enang toɗɗaama hooreejo goomu suudu sarɗiiji ngam njulaagu e kuule. E lewru abriil 2011, Enang haɓaama e jooɗorde Senaa Uyo (Fuɗnaange-rewo) e dow laylaytol lannda Demokaraasi Leƴƴi (PDP), o heɓi 160 942 woote. Ɗiɗaɓo on woni Nsima Edem Umoh mo kawtal hoore lesdi Naajeeriya (ACN) o heɓi 121,965 woote. Enang wonii balloowo mawɗo keeriiɗo to hooreejo leydi Muhammadu Buhari to bannge geɗe Asaambele ngenndi (Senate) tuggi 27 lewru bowte hitaande 2015 haa 29 lewru mbooy hitaande 2019 caggal ɗuum to bannge geɗe Delta Niger, caggal ɓataake toɗɗagol ñalnde 14 lewru bowte hitaande 2019, nde fuɗɗii golle mum gila 29 lewru bowte hitaande 2019 jokkude yiɗde makko wonde guwerneer e les njiimaandi All Progressives Congress (APC) kono o dañaani tikket lannda ka ngam suɓaade. [1] [2] == Tuugnorgal == [[Category:Yimɓe wuurɓe]] hizkgrf4h5tzcs7g2bvm8ef26v1p51t 175626 175625 2026-06-22T13:56:18Z Sardeeq 14292 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1359942375|Ita Enang]]" 175626 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ita Solomon Enang''' (Listen) R (jibinaa ko 23 lewru bowte hitaande 1962) ko politikaajo leydi o woniino senateer wakiiliijo diiwaan Akwa [[Diiwal Akwa Ibom|Ibom]] to bannge worgo-fuɗnaange gila 2011 haa 2015 1999 haa 2011. Enang kadi wonnoo ko balloowo mawɗo keeriiɗo hooreejo leydi [[Muhammadu Buhari]] e geɗe Asaambele ngenndi tuggi 2015 haa 2019 e geɗe Delta Niiseer tuggi 2019 haa 2022. <ref>Collins Nnabuife (16 May 2022). "2023: Buhari's aide, Ita Enang resigns, joins Akwa-Ibom guber race". Nigerian Tribune. Retrieved 9 February 2025.</ref> == Ɓawo == Enang jibinaa ko ñalnde 23 lewru bowte hitaande 1962. O naati duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde jannginooɓe Presbyterian, [[Ididep]], to diiwaan Akwa Ibom, tuggi 1974 haa 1979. O naati duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Calabar, e hitaande 1980, o janngi toon sariya, o heɓi dipolomaaji makko e hitaande , [[Lagos]], o noddiraa to Bar Nigeria e hitaande 1985. Ndeen o naati e golle keertiiɗe, o sosi fedde makko. == Golle politik == Enang wonti diisneteeɗo e hitaande 1987, o woni tergal e suudu sarɗiiji leydi Akwa Ibom e hitaande 1992. O suɓaama e suudu sarɗiiji e hitaande 1999. O waɗii manndaaji tati e nder suudu sarɗiiji. Suɓngo makko ngam lomtaade diiwaan fedde Itu/Ibiono Ibom e lewru abriil 2007, ko ñaawirdu ɗaɓɓaande suɓngooji jooɗiiɗo to Uyo, ustii ɗum e lewru desaambar 2007 . O suɓaama kadi ñalnde 20 lewru bowte hitaande 2010. Enang golliima ngam ittude dikotoomi leydi/dow leydi, ngam tabitinde wonde dowla makko Akwa Ibom wonti leydi ɓurndi heewde ngalu e nder leydi ndii. Ko o wakiliijo fedde nde ngam Itu/Ibiono, Enang toɗɗaama hooreejo goomu suudu sarɗiiji ngam njulaagu e kuule. E lewru abriil 2011, Enang haɓaama e jooɗorde Senaa Uyo (Fuɗnaange-rewo) e dow laylaytol lannda Demokaraasi Leƴƴi (PDP), o heɓi 160 942 woote. Ɗiɗaɓo on woni Nsima Edem Umoh mo kawtal hoore lesdi Naajeeriya (ACN) o heɓi 121,965 woote. Enang wonii balloowo mawɗo keeriiɗo to hooreejo leydi Muhammadu Buhari to bannge geɗe Asaambele ngenndi (Senate) tuggi 27 lewru bowte hitaande 2015 haa 29 lewru mbooy hitaande 2019 caggal ɗuum to bannge geɗe Delta Niger, caggal ɓataake toɗɗagol ñalnde 14 lewru bowte hitaande 2019, nde fuɗɗii golle mum gila 29 lewru bowte hitaande 2019 jokkude yiɗde makko wonde guwerneer e les njiimaandi All Progressives Congress (APC) kono o dañaani tikket lannda ka ngam suɓaade. [1] [2] == Tuugnorgal == [[Category:Yimɓe wuurɓe]] pvfazqn3bzt8c4w8vkn8k0ek22kdbhj 175627 175626 2026-06-22T13:56:34Z Sardeeq 14292 175627 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Ita Solomon Enang''' (Listen) R (jibinaa ko 23 lewru bowte hitaande 1962) ko politikaajo leydi o woniino senateer wakiiliijo diiwaan Akwa [[Diiwal Akwa Ibom|Ibom]] to bannge worgo-fuɗnaange gila 2011 haa 2015 1999 haa 2011. Enang kadi wonnoo ko balloowo mawɗo keeriiɗo hooreejo leydi [[Muhammadu Buhari]] e geɗe Asaambele ngenndi tuggi 2015 haa 2019 e geɗe Delta Niiseer tuggi 2019 haa 2022. <ref>Collins Nnabuife (16 May 2022). "2023: Buhari's aide, Ita Enang resigns, joins Akwa-Ibom guber race". Nigerian Tribune. Retrieved 9 February 2025.</ref> == Ɓawo == Enang jibinaa ko ñalnde 23 lewru bowte hitaande 1962. O naati duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde jannginooɓe Presbyterian, [[Ididep]], to diiwaan Akwa Ibom, tuggi 1974 haa 1979. O naati duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Calabar, e hitaande 1980, o janngi toon sariya, o heɓi dipolomaaji makko e hitaande , [[Lagos]], o noddiraa to Bar Nigeria e hitaande 1985. Ndeen o naati e golle keertiiɗe, o sosi fedde makko. == Golle politik == Enang wonti diisneteeɗo e hitaande 1987, o woni tergal e suudu sarɗiiji leydi Akwa Ibom e hitaande 1992. O suɓaama e suudu sarɗiiji e hitaande 1999. O waɗii manndaaji tati e nder suudu sarɗiiji. Suɓngo makko ngam lomtaade diiwaan fedde Itu/Ibiono Ibom e lewru abriil 2007, ko ñaawirdu ɗaɓɓaande suɓngooji jooɗiiɗo to Uyo, ustii ɗum e lewru desaambar 2007 . O suɓaama kadi ñalnde 20 lewru bowte hitaande 2010. Enang golliima ngam ittude dikotoomi leydi/dow leydi, ngam tabitinde wonde dowla makko Akwa Ibom wonti leydi ɓurndi heewde ngalu e nder leydi ndii. Ko o wakiliijo fedde nde ngam Itu/Ibiono, Enang toɗɗaama hooreejo goomu suudu sarɗiiji ngam njulaagu e kuule. E lewru abriil 2011, Enang haɓaama e jooɗorde Senaa Uyo (Fuɗnaange-rewo) e dow laylaytol lannda Demokaraasi Leƴƴi (PDP), o heɓi 160 942 woote. Ɗiɗaɓo on woni Nsima Edem Umoh mo kawtal hoore lesdi Naajeeriya (ACN) o heɓi 121,965 woote. Enang wonii balloowo mawɗo keeriiɗo to hooreejo leydi Muhammadu Buhari to bannge geɗe Asaambele ngenndi (Senate) tuggi 27 lewru bowte hitaande 2015 haa 29 lewru mbooy hitaande 2019 caggal ɗuum to bannge geɗe Delta Niger, caggal ɓataake toɗɗagol ñalnde 14 lewru bowte hitaande 2019, nde fuɗɗii golle mum gila 29 lewru bowte hitaande 2019 jokkude yiɗde makko wonde guwerneer e les njiimaandi All Progressives Congress (APC) kono o dañaani tikket lannda ka ngam suɓaade. [1] [2] == Tuugnorgal == [[Category:Yimɓe wuurɓe]] 29v8nav9wps6e79e4ekh8m2jx4hwjoh 0 42396 175637 2026-06-22T14:00:51Z Sardeeq 14292 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1359942371|Chukwuemeka Chikelu]]" 175637 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Chukwuemeka Chikelu''' // c ko awokaajo e siyaasaajo lesdi Naajeeriya, mo laati wakiiliijo lesdi diga [[Diiwal Aanambaara|jiha Anambra]] (1999–2003), nden o laati ministaajo kuuɗe e jokkirgol lesdi nder manndaa ɗiɗaɓo hooreejo lesdi [[Olusegun Obasanjo]] . == Ɓawo == Chikelu heɓi B.Sc. e ganndal siyaas e njuɓɓudi laamu to [[Janngirde Maiduguri|duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Maiduguri]] e LLB to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Buckingham to leydi Angalteer hade makko noddireede to Bar Naajeeriya. O sosi fedde wiyeteende Matterson Group, sosiyatee ƴellitoowo jeyi leydi, e hitaande 1996. Baaba makko mawɗo leydi ndii, hono Owelle Ichida, ina gollinoo e Olusegun Obasanjo nde o woni hooreejo leydi konu. == Golle politik == E hitaande 1999, Chikelu dañii nafoore e jappeere lannda Demokaraasi Yimɓe (PDP) ngam wonde wakiliijo e nder diiwaan Anaocha/Njikoka/Dunukofia to diiwaan Anambra, o jokki golle ɗee haa lewru mee 2003. Obasanjo suɓiima Chikelu ngam wonde jaagorgal kumpital e fuɗɗoode manndaa mum ɗiɗaɓo e hitaande 2003, ko ɗoon o fotnoo wonde jaagorgal laamu. E hitaande 2004, Chikelu hollitii peeje "image laundry" ngam moƴƴinde natal leydi Najeriya e nder winndere nde, e waɗde leydi ndi ɓurndi welde e jom jawɗeele en caggal leydi. Miijo ngoo jaɓɓaama e won e sikkitaare. E lewru mee 2004, o yamiri denndaangal ardiiɓe jaayɗe laamu fedde nde yo ndokku njoɓdi ustaare ngam neldude mesasuuji VIH/SIDA, o wiyi kadi denndaangal ardiiɓe jaayɗe goɗɗe yo ɓeydu humpitaade e jannginde ko faati e ñawu nguu. O ƴami kadi jaayndiyankooɓe Naajeeriya ngam jokkude kampaañ ngam haɓaade mboros oo, o wiyi ɓe "ina poti waɗde ɗum alkawal ngam winndude ko famɗi fof daartol ko fayti e bonanndeeji ɗi golle ɗee mbaɗata." Obasanjo woppi mo e laamu mum e nder mbayliigu mawngu e nder laamu e lewru suwee 2005, o lomtii mo [[Frank Nweke]] . E lewru suwee 2008 o toɗɗaama tergal e goomu jam e kisal PDP Anambra, fawaade e safrude hareeji hakkunde pelle lanndaaji e nder diiwaan hee. [1] E hitaande 2009, o yiytenoo ko no kanndidaa potɗo wonde guwerneer diiwaan Anambra e wooteeji potɗi yuɓɓineede ñalnde 6 feebariyee 2010, hay so tawii noon o waawaano hollirde yiɗde makko e woote gardagol leydi ndii. [2] Chikelu maa won kanndidaa "laaɓɗo", mo politik murtuɗo mo Dowla Anambra ŋakkiraa. [3] == Tuugnorgal == [[Category:Yimɓe wuurɓe]] h16itpcr35frtxvjykcotfbi5uru6kh 175638 175637 2026-06-22T14:01:33Z Sardeeq 14292 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1359942371|Chukwuemeka Chikelu]]" 175638 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Chukwuemeka Chikelu''' // c ko awokaajo e siyaasaajo lesdi Naajeeriya, mo laati wakiiliijo lesdi diga [[Diiwal Aanambaara|jiha Anambra]] (1999–2003), nden o laati ministaajo kuuɗe e jokkirgol lesdi nder manndaa ɗiɗaɓo hooreejo lesdi [[Olusegun Obasanjo]].<ref>"The Team: Chukwuemeka Chikelu - Chief Executive Officer". Matterson Properties Limited. Archived from the original on 12 September 2010. Retrieved 20 February 2010.</ref> == Ɓawo == Chikelu heɓi B.Sc. e ganndal siyaas e njuɓɓudi laamu to [[Janngirde Maiduguri|duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Maiduguri]] e LLB to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Buckingham to leydi Angalteer hade makko noddireede to Bar Naajeeriya. O sosi fedde wiyeteende Matterson Group, sosiyatee ƴellitoowo jeyi leydi, e hitaande 1996. Baaba makko mawɗo leydi ndii, hono Owelle Ichida, ina gollinoo e Olusegun Obasanjo nde o woni hooreejo leydi konu. == Golle politik == E hitaande 1999, Chikelu dañii nafoore e jappeere lannda Demokaraasi Yimɓe (PDP) ngam wonde wakiliijo e nder diiwaan Anaocha/Njikoka/Dunukofia to diiwaan Anambra, o jokki golle ɗee haa lewru mee 2003. Obasanjo suɓiima Chikelu ngam wonde jaagorgal kumpital e fuɗɗoode manndaa mum ɗiɗaɓo e hitaande 2003, ko ɗoon o fotnoo wonde jaagorgal laamu. E hitaande 2004, Chikelu hollitii peeje "image laundry" ngam moƴƴinde natal leydi Najeriya e nder winndere nde, e waɗde leydi ndi ɓurndi welde e jom jawɗeele en caggal leydi. Miijo ngoo jaɓɓaama e won e sikkitaare. E lewru mee 2004, o yamiri denndaangal ardiiɓe jaayɗe laamu fedde nde yo ndokku njoɓdi ustaare ngam neldude mesasuuji VIH/SIDA, o wiyi kadi denndaangal ardiiɓe jaayɗe goɗɗe yo ɓeydu humpitaade e jannginde ko faati e ñawu nguu. O ƴami kadi jaayndiyankooɓe Naajeeriya ngam jokkude kampaañ ngam haɓaade mboros oo, o wiyi ɓe "ina poti waɗde ɗum alkawal ngam winndude ko famɗi fof daartol ko fayti e bonanndeeji ɗi golle ɗee mbaɗata." Obasanjo woppi mo e laamu mum e nder mbayliigu mawngu e nder laamu e lewru suwee 2005, o lomtii mo [[Frank Nweke]] . E lewru suwee 2008 o toɗɗaama tergal e goomu jam e kisal PDP Anambra, fawaade e safrude hareeji hakkunde pelle lanndaaji e nder diiwaan hee. [1] E hitaande 2009, o yiytenoo ko no kanndidaa potɗo wonde guwerneer diiwaan Anambra e wooteeji potɗi yuɓɓineede ñalnde 6 feebariyee 2010, hay so tawii noon o waawaano hollirde yiɗde makko e woote gardagol leydi ndii. [2] Chikelu maa won kanndidaa "laaɓɗo", mo politik murtuɗo mo Dowla Anambra ŋakkiraa. [3] == Tuugnorgal == [[Category:Yimɓe wuurɓe]] j75xp3hzgc94o34i2aqx5ptrk1t10vb 175639 175638 2026-06-22T14:01:47Z Sardeeq 14292 175639 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Chukwuemeka Chikelu''' // c ko awokaajo e siyaasaajo lesdi Naajeeriya, mo laati wakiiliijo lesdi diga [[Diiwal Aanambaara|jiha Anambra]] (1999–2003), nden o laati ministaajo kuuɗe e jokkirgol lesdi nder manndaa ɗiɗaɓo hooreejo lesdi [[Olusegun Obasanjo]].<ref>"The Team: Chukwuemeka Chikelu - Chief Executive Officer". Matterson Properties Limited. Archived from the original on 12 September 2010. Retrieved 20 February 2010.</ref> == Ɓawo == Chikelu heɓi B.Sc. e ganndal siyaas e njuɓɓudi laamu to [[Janngirde Maiduguri|duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Maiduguri]] e LLB to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Buckingham to leydi Angalteer hade makko noddireede to Bar Naajeeriya. O sosi fedde wiyeteende Matterson Group, sosiyatee ƴellitoowo jeyi leydi, e hitaande 1996. Baaba makko mawɗo leydi ndii, hono Owelle Ichida, ina gollinoo e Olusegun Obasanjo nde o woni hooreejo leydi konu. == Golle politik == E hitaande 1999, Chikelu dañii nafoore e jappeere lannda Demokaraasi Yimɓe (PDP) ngam wonde wakiliijo e nder diiwaan Anaocha/Njikoka/Dunukofia to diiwaan Anambra, o jokki golle ɗee haa lewru mee 2003. Obasanjo suɓiima Chikelu ngam wonde jaagorgal kumpital e fuɗɗoode manndaa mum ɗiɗaɓo e hitaande 2003, ko ɗoon o fotnoo wonde jaagorgal laamu. E hitaande 2004, Chikelu hollitii peeje "image laundry" ngam moƴƴinde natal leydi Najeriya e nder winndere nde, e waɗde leydi ndi ɓurndi welde e jom jawɗeele en caggal leydi. Miijo ngoo jaɓɓaama e won e sikkitaare. E lewru mee 2004, o yamiri denndaangal ardiiɓe jaayɗe laamu fedde nde yo ndokku njoɓdi ustaare ngam neldude mesasuuji VIH/SIDA, o wiyi kadi denndaangal ardiiɓe jaayɗe goɗɗe yo ɓeydu humpitaade e jannginde ko faati e ñawu nguu. O ƴami kadi jaayndiyankooɓe Naajeeriya ngam jokkude kampaañ ngam haɓaade mboros oo, o wiyi ɓe "ina poti waɗde ɗum alkawal ngam winndude ko famɗi fof daartol ko fayti e bonanndeeji ɗi golle ɗee mbaɗata." Obasanjo woppi mo e laamu mum e nder mbayliigu mawngu e nder laamu e lewru suwee 2005, o lomtii mo [[Frank Nweke]] . E lewru suwee 2008 o toɗɗaama tergal e goomu jam e kisal PDP Anambra, fawaade e safrude hareeji hakkunde pelle lanndaaji e nder diiwaan hee. [1] E hitaande 2009, o yiytenoo ko no kanndidaa potɗo wonde guwerneer diiwaan Anambra e wooteeji potɗi yuɓɓineede ñalnde 6 feebariyee 2010, hay so tawii noon o waawaano hollirde yiɗde makko e woote gardagol leydi ndii. [2] Chikelu maa won kanndidaa "laaɓɗo", mo politik murtuɗo mo Dowla Anambra ŋakkiraa. [3] == Tuugnorgal == [[Category:Yimɓe wuurɓe]] gpgeupnqrcbucdt5wjnl44pi3wdg4iw 175647 175639 2026-06-22T14:04:34Z Fulani215 7983 /* */ fixed typo 175647 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Chukwuemeka Chikelu''' ko awokaajo e siyaasaajo lesdi Naajeeriya, mo laati wakiiliijo lesdi diga [[Diiwal Aanambaara|jiha Anambra]] (1999–2003), nden o laati ministaajo kuuɗe e jokkirgol lesdi nder manndaa ɗiɗaɓo hooreejo lesdi [[Olusegun Obasanjo]].<ref>"The Team: Chukwuemeka Chikelu - Chief Executive Officer". Matterson Properties Limited. Archived from the original on 12 September 2010. Retrieved 20 February 2010.</ref> == Ɓawo == Chikelu heɓi B.Sc. e ganndal siyaas e njuɓɓudi laamu to [[Janngirde Maiduguri|duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Maiduguri]] e LLB to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Buckingham to leydi Angalteer hade makko noddireede to Bar Naajeeriya. O sosi fedde wiyeteende Matterson Group, sosiyatee ƴellitoowo jeyi leydi, e hitaande 1996. Baaba makko mawɗo leydi ndii, hono Owelle Ichida, ina gollinoo e Olusegun Obasanjo nde o woni hooreejo leydi konu. == Golle politik == E hitaande 1999, Chikelu dañii nafoore e jappeere lannda Demokaraasi Yimɓe (PDP) ngam wonde wakiliijo e nder diiwaan Anaocha/Njikoka/Dunukofia to diiwaan Anambra, o jokki golle ɗee haa lewru mee 2003. Obasanjo suɓiima Chikelu ngam wonde jaagorgal kumpital e fuɗɗoode manndaa mum ɗiɗaɓo e hitaande 2003, ko ɗoon o fotnoo wonde jaagorgal laamu. E hitaande 2004, Chikelu hollitii peeje "image laundry" ngam moƴƴinde natal leydi Najeriya e nder winndere nde, e waɗde leydi ndi ɓurndi welde e jom jawɗeele en caggal leydi. Miijo ngoo jaɓɓaama e won e sikkitaare. E lewru mee 2004, o yamiri denndaangal ardiiɓe jaayɗe laamu fedde nde yo ndokku njoɓdi ustaare ngam neldude mesasuuji VIH/SIDA, o wiyi kadi denndaangal ardiiɓe jaayɗe goɗɗe yo ɓeydu humpitaade e jannginde ko faati e ñawu nguu. O ƴami kadi jaayndiyankooɓe Naajeeriya ngam jokkude kampaañ ngam haɓaade mboros oo, o wiyi ɓe "ina poti waɗde ɗum alkawal ngam winndude ko famɗi fof daartol ko fayti e bonanndeeji ɗi golle ɗee mbaɗata." Obasanjo woppi mo e laamu mum e nder mbayliigu mawngu e nder laamu e lewru suwee 2005, o lomtii mo [[Frank Nweke]] . E lewru suwee 2008 o toɗɗaama tergal e goomu jam e kisal PDP Anambra, fawaade e safrude hareeji hakkunde pelle lanndaaji e nder diiwaan hee. [1] E hitaande 2009, o yiytenoo ko no kanndidaa potɗo wonde guwerneer diiwaan Anambra e wooteeji potɗi yuɓɓineede ñalnde 6 feebariyee 2010, hay so tawii noon o waawaano hollirde yiɗde makko e woote gardagol leydi ndii. [2] Chikelu maa won kanndidaa "laaɓɗo", mo politik murtuɗo mo Dowla Anambra ŋakkiraa. [3] == Tuugnorgal == [[Category:Yimɓe wuurɓe]] epzr7i7brf14yo503gfqa91wwmrfvue 175648 175647 2026-06-22T14:05:26Z Fulani215 7983 /* Golle politik */ fixed typo 175648 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Chukwuemeka Chikelu''' ko awokaajo e siyaasaajo lesdi Naajeeriya, mo laati wakiiliijo lesdi diga [[Diiwal Aanambaara|jiha Anambra]] (1999–2003), nden o laati ministaajo kuuɗe e jokkirgol lesdi nder manndaa ɗiɗaɓo hooreejo lesdi [[Olusegun Obasanjo]].<ref>"The Team: Chukwuemeka Chikelu - Chief Executive Officer". Matterson Properties Limited. Archived from the original on 12 September 2010. Retrieved 20 February 2010.</ref> == Ɓawo == Chikelu heɓi B.Sc. e ganndal siyaas e njuɓɓudi laamu to [[Janngirde Maiduguri|duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Maiduguri]] e LLB to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Buckingham to leydi Angalteer hade makko noddireede to Bar Naajeeriya. O sosi fedde wiyeteende Matterson Group, sosiyatee ƴellitoowo jeyi leydi, e hitaande 1996. Baaba makko mawɗo leydi ndii, hono Owelle Ichida, ina gollinoo e Olusegun Obasanjo nde o woni hooreejo leydi konu. == Golle politik == E hitaande 1999, Chikelu dañii nafoore e jappeere lannda Demokaraasi Yimɓe (PDP) ngam wonde wakiliijo e nder diiwaan Anaocha/Njikoka/Dunukofia to diiwaan Anambra, o jokki golle ɗee haa lewru mee 2003. Obasanjo suɓiima Chikelu ngam wonde jaagorgal kumpital e fuɗɗoode manndaa mum ɗiɗaɓo e hitaande 2003, ko ɗoon o fotnoo wonde jaagorgal laamu. E hitaande 2004, Chikelu hollitii peeje "image laundry" ngam moƴƴinde natal leydi Najeriya e nder winndere nde, e waɗde leydi ndi ɓurndi welde e jom jawɗeele en caggal leydi. Miijo ngoo jaɓɓaama e won e sikkitaare. E lewru mee 2004, o yamiri denndaangal ardiiɓe jaayɗe laamu fedde nde yo ndokku njoɓdi ustaare ngam neldude mesasuuji VIH/SIDA, o wiyi kadi denndaangal ardiiɓe jaayɗe goɗɗe yo ɓeydu humpitaade e jannginde ko faati e ñawu nguu. O ƴami kadi jaayndiyankooɓe Naajeeriya ngam jokkude kampaañ ngam haɓaade mboros oo, o wiyi ɓe "ina poti waɗde ɗum alkawal ngam winndude ko famɗi fof daartol ko fayti e bonanndeeji ɗi golle ɗee mbaɗata. Obasanjo woppi mo e laamu mum e nder mbayliigu mawngu e nder laamu e lewru suwee 2005, o lomtii mo [[Frank Nweke]] E lewru suwee 2008 o toɗɗaama tergal e goomu jam e kisal PDP Anambra, fawaade e safrude hareeji hakkunde pelle lanndaaji e nder diiwaan hee. E hitaande 2009, o yiytenoo ko no kanndidaa potɗo wonde guwerneer diiwaan Anambra e wooteeji potɗi yuɓɓineede ñalnde 6 feebariyee 2010, hay so tawii noon o waawaano hollirde yiɗde makko e woote gardagol leydi ndii. Chikelu maa won kanndidaa "laaɓɗo", mo politik murtuɗo mo Dowla Anambra ŋakkiraa. == Tuugnorgal == [[Category:Yimɓe wuurɓe]] iigqr36412wbn9cmptopx1f1byxe78f 175653 175648 2026-06-22T14:07:53Z Fulani215 7983 /* Himobe */ fixed typo 175653 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Chukwuemeka Chikelu''' ko awokaajo e siyaasaajo lesdi Naajeeriya, mo laati wakiiliijo lesdi diga [[Diiwal Aanambaara|jiha Anambra]] (1999–2003), nden o laati ministaajo kuuɗe e jokkirgol lesdi nder manndaa ɗiɗaɓo hooreejo lesdi [[Olusegun Obasanjo]].<ref>"The Team: Chukwuemeka Chikelu - Chief Executive Officer". Matterson Properties Limited. Archived from the original on 12 September 2010. Retrieved 20 February 2010.</ref> == Ɓawo == Chikelu heɓi B.Sc. e ganndal siyaas e njuɓɓudi laamu to [[Janngirde Maiduguri|duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Maiduguri]] e LLB to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Buckingham to leydi Angalteer hade makko noddireede to Bar Naajeeriya. O sosi fedde wiyeteende Matterson Group, sosiyatee ƴellitoowo jeyi leydi, e hitaande 1996. Baaba makko mawɗo leydi ndii, hono Owelle Ichida, ina gollinoo e Olusegun Obasanjo nde o woni hooreejo leydi konu. == Golle politik == E hitaande 1999, Chikelu dañii nafoore e jappeere lannda Demokaraasi Yimɓe (PDP) ngam wonde wakiliijo e nder diiwaan Anaocha/Njikoka/Dunukofia to diiwaan Anambra, o jokki golle ɗee haa lewru mee 2003. Obasanjo suɓiima Chikelu ngam wonde jaagorgal kumpital e fuɗɗoode manndaa mum ɗiɗaɓo e hitaande 2003, ko ɗoon o fotnoo wonde jaagorgal laamu. E hitaande 2004, Chikelu hollitii peeje "image laundry" ngam moƴƴinde natal leydi Najeriya e nder winndere nde, e waɗde leydi ndi ɓurndi welde e jom jawɗeele en caggal leydi. Miijo ngoo jaɓɓaama e won e sikkitaare. E lewru mee 2004, o yamiri denndaangal ardiiɓe jaayɗe laamu fedde nde yo ndokku njoɓdi ustaare ngam neldude mesasuuji VIH/SIDA, o wiyi kadi denndaangal ardiiɓe jaayɗe goɗɗe yo ɓeydu humpitaade e jannginde ko faati e ñawu nguu. O ƴami kadi jaayndiyankooɓe Naajeeriya ngam jokkude kampaañ ngam haɓaade mboros oo, o wiyi ɓe "ina poti waɗde ɗum alkawal ngam winndude ko famɗi fof daartol ko fayti e bonanndeeji ɗi golle ɗee mbaɗata. Obasanjo woppi mo e laamu mum e nder mbayliigu mawngu e nder laamu e lewru suwee 2005, o lomtii mo [[Frank Nweke]] E lewru suwee 2008 o toɗɗaama tergal e goomu jam e kisal PDP Anambra, fawaade e safrude hareeji hakkunde pelle lanndaaji e nder diiwaan hee. E hitaande 2009, o yiytenoo ko no kanndidaa potɗo wonde guwerneer diiwaan Anambra e wooteeji potɗi yuɓɓineede ñalnde 6 feebariyee 2010, hay so tawii noon o waawaano hollirde yiɗde makko e woote gardagol leydi ndii. Chikelu maa won kanndidaa "laaɓɗo", mo politik murtuɗo mo Dowla Anambra ŋakkiraa. == Himobe == [[Category:Yimɓe wuurɓe]] 362ngg3cz2cb0x40c9qw1exifzufg1e 0 42397 175642 2026-06-22T14:02:43Z Sardeeq 14292 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1359942552|Peter Leja Igbodor]]" 175642 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Peter Leja Igbodor''' (jibinaa ko 17 lewru juko hitaande 1962) ko politikaajo Naajeeriya mo lannda yimɓe Naajeeriya fuu . [1] O woniino wakiliijo Ogoja / Yala e nder suudu sarɗiiji leydi Najeriya gila 1999 haa 2007. [2]<ref>Adeolu (2017-02-24). "IGBODOR, Hon. Peter Leja". Biographical Legacy and Research Foundation. Retrieved 2024-04-02</ref> == Tuugnorgal == [[Category:Yimɓe wuurɓe]] rs80zfcoy4lx6m3af9xbmmooh2vmyfo 175643 175642 2026-06-22T14:02:56Z Sardeeq 14292 175643 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Peter Leja Igbodor''' (jibinaa ko 17 lewru juko hitaande 1962) ko politikaajo Naajeeriya mo lannda yimɓe Naajeeriya fuu . [1] O woniino wakiliijo Ogoja / Yala e nder suudu sarɗiiji leydi Najeriya gila 1999 haa 2007. [2]<ref>Adeolu (2017-02-24). "IGBODOR, Hon. Peter Leja". Biographical Legacy and Research Foundation. Retrieved 2024-04-02</ref> == Tuugnorgal == [[Category:Yimɓe wuurɓe]] diyc4tg36t3lllgei2i55fdno7dq5v8 0 42398 175644 2026-06-22T14:03:31Z Sardeeq 14292 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1359942546|Temi Harriman]]" 175644 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Temi Harriman''' (jibinaa ko ñalnde 1 lewru Yarkomaa 1963) ko awokaajo leydi Najeriya, ko o politik, o wonnoo ko tergal e suudu sarɗiiji leydi ndii, tawa ko e dow ballal lannda leƴƴi kala (APP). Kanko e woɓɓe seeɗa ɓe toɗɗaama ngam laataago kawtal hooreejo jaami'aare lesdi Naajeeriya Maritime. == Nguurndam e golle puɗɗaaɗe == O woniino tergal e suudu sarɗiiji ngam diiwaan fedde Warri e les njiimaandi All Peoples Party APP tuggi 1999 haa 2003. O jokki jooɗorde makko e dumunna goɗɗo tuggi 2003 haa 2007. [1] == Tuugnorgal == [[Category:Yimɓe wuurɓe]] tieixc3bxbvgwkl01fi845ewv4ips7j 175645 175644 2026-06-22T14:04:13Z Sardeeq 14292 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1359942546|Temi Harriman]]" 175645 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Temi Harriman''' (jibinaa ko ñalnde 1 lewru Yarkomaa 1963) ko awokaajo leydi Najeriya, ko o politik, o wonnoo ko tergal e suudu sarɗiiji leydi ndii, tawa ko e dow ballal lannda leƴƴi kala (APP). <ref>Admin (2017-02-20). "HARRIMAN, Hon. Temi". Biographical Legacy and Research Foundation. Retrieved 2023-03-01.</ref> Kanko e woɓɓe seeɗa ɓe toɗɗaama ngam laataago kawtal hooreejo jaami'aare lesdi Naajeeriya Maritime. == Nguurndam e golle puɗɗaaɗe == O woniino tergal e suudu sarɗiiji ngam diiwaan fedde Warri e les njiimaandi All Peoples Party APP tuggi 1999 haa 2003. O jokki jooɗorde makko e dumunna goɗɗo tuggi 2003 haa 2007. [1] == Tuugnorgal == [[Category:Yimɓe wuurɓe]] n41waoc1yvd2zc0qpfralqzb2baaizg 175646 175645 2026-06-22T14:04:28Z Sardeeq 14292 175646 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Temi Harriman''' (jibinaa ko ñalnde 1 lewru Yarkomaa 1963) ko awokaajo leydi Najeriya, ko o politik, o wonnoo ko tergal e suudu sarɗiiji leydi ndii, tawa ko e dow ballal lannda leƴƴi kala (APP). <ref>Admin (2017-02-20). "HARRIMAN, Hon. Temi". Biographical Legacy and Research Foundation. Retrieved 2023-03-01.</ref> Kanko e woɓɓe seeɗa ɓe toɗɗaama ngam laataago kawtal hooreejo jaami'aare lesdi Naajeeriya Maritime. == Nguurndam e golle puɗɗaaɗe == O woniino tergal e suudu sarɗiiji ngam diiwaan fedde Warri e les njiimaandi All Peoples Party APP tuggi 1999 haa 2003. O jokki jooɗorde makko e dumunna goɗɗo tuggi 2003 haa 2007. [1] == Tuugnorgal == [[Category:Yimɓe wuurɓe]] jitfuutsviit3kb62dgc3xw4bq3lh2j 0 42399 175649 2026-06-22T14:05:51Z Sardeeq 14292 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1359942382|Abdullahi Abubakar Gumel]]" 175649 wikitext text/x-wiki Senator '''Abdullahi Abubakar Gumel''' (jibinaa ko 20 abriil 1949) ko o daraniiɗo dawrugol leydi Naajeeriya, tergal suudu sarɗiiji leydi Naajeeriya 8ɓo, ummoriiɗo e [[Diiwal Jigawa|diiwaan Jigawa]] . O lomtii diiwaan senateeruuji Jigawa to bannge worgo-fuɗnaange. To Senaa, ko kanko woni hooreejo Goomu Senaa ngam dowlaaji e laamuuji nokkuuji. == Nguurndam e jaŋde puɗɗagol == Abdullahi Abubakar Gumel jibinaa ko ñalnde 20 lewru abriil hitaande 1949, o jeyaa ko e wuro wiyeteengo Maigatari LGA to diiwaan Jigawa. O heɓi dipolom makko ko faati e politik e njuɓɓudi laamu to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Bayero to Kano, to diiwaan Kano. Kono ko adii ɗuum, o naati duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Kaduna Polytechnics Kaduna, to diiwaan Kaduna ɗo o heɓi dipolom makko ngenndiijo e nder hiisa (accounting) hade makko yahde to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Bayero Kano, ɗo o heɓi dipolom advance e njuɓɓudi laamu e dipolom post-graduate e nder politik e njuɓɓudi laamu. Abdullahi Gumel golliima e golle keewɗe. O woniino cukko hooreejo duɗal leslesal Gumel Gabas Gumel, diiwaan Jigawa (1969–1971), stenographe to diiwaan Kano, diiwaan Kano (1972), mawɗo hiisawal to hukuuma teleeji Naajeeriya NTA Kano, diiwaan Lago, diiwaan Naajeeriya (1976–1979), hooreejo janngirde lesdi Naajeeriya (1979–1983) e tergal yiilirde to Kawtal Ƴellitaare gollorɗe Nijeer (1980–1983), Kawtal Kisal e Mbaylaandi Nijeer (1983) e Kawtal Pijirlooji Dowlaaji Kano (1980–1983). [1] == Golle politik == Yiɗde Gumel gollanaade leñol mum addani mo naatde e dawrugol. E hitaande 1999, o suɓaama tergal suudu sarɗiiji (Niiseer) lomtotooɗo diiwaan fedde Gumel (LGAs Gumel/Maitagri/SuleTanrarkar/Gagarawa). Nde o woni e suudu sarɗiiji, o wonii hooreejo Goomu suudu sarɗiiji ngam golle teeŋtuɗe 1999–2000 e hooreejo Goomu suudu sarɗiiji ngam golle polis 2001–2003. E hitaande 2003, o toɗɗaa ko jaagorgal keeringal to Hooreejo leydi ndii e oon sahaa ( [[Aminu Bello Masari]] ) e golle keertiiɗe 2003–2007. O suɓaama senaajo diiwal Jigawa to woyla-fuunaange lesdi ndiin e hitaande 2015 les njiimaandi [[APC|Kongres All Progressives]] . == Njeenaaje e teddungal == E lewru mee 2023, o hokki hooreejo lesdi [[Muhammadu Buhari]] teddungal lesdi ndi'i, o hokki hooreejo leydi Niger . == Nguurndam neɗɗo == Omo jogii debbo, omo jogii ɓiɓɓe. == Tuugnorgal == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Yimɓe wuurɓe]] hn3055ird8yrbiidpw4kxz6wsegopo2 175650 175649 2026-06-22T14:06:50Z Sardeeq 14292 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1359942382|Abdullahi Abubakar Gumel]]" 175650 wikitext text/x-wiki Senator '''Abdullahi Abubakar Gumel''' (jibinaa ko 20 abriil 1949) ko o daraniiɗo dawrugol leydi Naajeeriya, tergal suudu sarɗiiji leydi Naajeeriya 8ɓo, ummoriiɗo e [[Diiwal Jigawa|diiwaan Jigawa]] . O lomtii diiwaan senateeruuji Jigawa to bannge worgo-fuɗnaange.<ref>"National Assembly | Federal Republic of Nigeria". www.nass.gov.ng. Archived from the original on 2018-01-19. Retrieved 2018-01-11.</ref><ref>"Full list of Senate committee chairmen, vice chairmen". ScanNews Nigeria. Archived from the original on 2018-01-15. Retrieved 2018-01-12.</ref> To Senaa, ko kanko woni hooreejo Goomu Senaa ngam dowlaaji e laamuuji nokkuuji. == Nguurndam e jaŋde puɗɗagol == Abdullahi Abubakar Gumel jibinaa ko ñalnde 20 lewru abriil hitaande 1949, o jeyaa ko e wuro wiyeteengo Maigatari LGA to diiwaan Jigawa. O heɓi dipolom makko ko faati e politik e njuɓɓudi laamu to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Bayero to Kano, to diiwaan Kano. Kono ko adii ɗuum, o naati duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Kaduna Polytechnics Kaduna, to diiwaan Kaduna ɗo o heɓi dipolom makko ngenndiijo e nder hiisa (accounting) hade makko yahde to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Bayero Kano, ɗo o heɓi dipolom advance e njuɓɓudi laamu e dipolom post-graduate e nder politik e njuɓɓudi laamu. Abdullahi Gumel golliima e golle keewɗe. O woniino cukko hooreejo duɗal leslesal Gumel Gabas Gumel, diiwaan Jigawa (1969–1971), stenographe to diiwaan Kano, diiwaan Kano (1972), mawɗo hiisawal to hukuuma teleeji Naajeeriya NTA Kano, diiwaan Lago, diiwaan Naajeeriya (1976–1979), hooreejo janngirde lesdi Naajeeriya (1979–1983) e tergal yiilirde to Kawtal Ƴellitaare gollorɗe Nijeer (1980–1983), Kawtal Kisal e Mbaylaandi Nijeer (1983) e Kawtal Pijirlooji Dowlaaji Kano (1980–1983). [1] == Golle politik == Yiɗde Gumel gollanaade leñol mum addani mo naatde e dawrugol. E hitaande 1999, o suɓaama tergal suudu sarɗiiji (Niiseer) lomtotooɗo diiwaan fedde Gumel (LGAs Gumel/Maitagri/SuleTanrarkar/Gagarawa). Nde o woni e suudu sarɗiiji, o wonii hooreejo Goomu suudu sarɗiiji ngam golle teeŋtuɗe 1999–2000 e hooreejo Goomu suudu sarɗiiji ngam golle polis 2001–2003. E hitaande 2003, o toɗɗaa ko jaagorgal keeringal to Hooreejo leydi ndii e oon sahaa ( [[Aminu Bello Masari]] ) e golle keertiiɗe 2003–2007. O suɓaama senaajo diiwal Jigawa to woyla-fuunaange lesdi ndiin e hitaande 2015 les njiimaandi [[APC|Kongres All Progressives]] . == Njeenaaje e teddungal == E lewru mee 2023, o hokki hooreejo lesdi [[Muhammadu Buhari]] teddungal lesdi ndi'i, o hokki hooreejo leydi Niger . == Nguurndam neɗɗo == Omo jogii debbo, omo jogii ɓiɓɓe. == Tuugnorgal == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Yimɓe wuurɓe]] drehyhh4serz0qd44wbbvbayrfveq8d 175651 175650 2026-06-22T14:07:03Z Sardeeq 14292 175651 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Senator '''Abdullahi Abubakar Gumel''' (jibinaa ko 20 abriil 1949) ko o daraniiɗo dawrugol leydi Naajeeriya, tergal suudu sarɗiiji leydi Naajeeriya 8ɓo, ummoriiɗo e [[Diiwal Jigawa|diiwaan Jigawa]] . O lomtii diiwaan senateeruuji Jigawa to bannge worgo-fuɗnaange.<ref>"National Assembly | Federal Republic of Nigeria". www.nass.gov.ng. Archived from the original on 2018-01-19. Retrieved 2018-01-11.</ref><ref>"Full list of Senate committee chairmen, vice chairmen". ScanNews Nigeria. Archived from the original on 2018-01-15. Retrieved 2018-01-12.</ref> To Senaa, ko kanko woni hooreejo Goomu Senaa ngam dowlaaji e laamuuji nokkuuji. == Nguurndam e jaŋde puɗɗagol == Abdullahi Abubakar Gumel jibinaa ko ñalnde 20 lewru abriil hitaande 1949, o jeyaa ko e wuro wiyeteengo Maigatari LGA to diiwaan Jigawa. O heɓi dipolom makko ko faati e politik e njuɓɓudi laamu to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Bayero to Kano, to diiwaan Kano. Kono ko adii ɗuum, o naati duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Kaduna Polytechnics Kaduna, to diiwaan Kaduna ɗo o heɓi dipolom makko ngenndiijo e nder hiisa (accounting) hade makko yahde to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Bayero Kano, ɗo o heɓi dipolom advance e njuɓɓudi laamu e dipolom post-graduate e nder politik e njuɓɓudi laamu. Abdullahi Gumel golliima e golle keewɗe. O woniino cukko hooreejo duɗal leslesal Gumel Gabas Gumel, diiwaan Jigawa (1969–1971), stenographe to diiwaan Kano, diiwaan Kano (1972), mawɗo hiisawal to hukuuma teleeji Naajeeriya NTA Kano, diiwaan Lago, diiwaan Naajeeriya (1976–1979), hooreejo janngirde lesdi Naajeeriya (1979–1983) e tergal yiilirde to Kawtal Ƴellitaare gollorɗe Nijeer (1980–1983), Kawtal Kisal e Mbaylaandi Nijeer (1983) e Kawtal Pijirlooji Dowlaaji Kano (1980–1983). [1] == Golle politik == Yiɗde Gumel gollanaade leñol mum addani mo naatde e dawrugol. E hitaande 1999, o suɓaama tergal suudu sarɗiiji (Niiseer) lomtotooɗo diiwaan fedde Gumel (LGAs Gumel/Maitagri/SuleTanrarkar/Gagarawa). Nde o woni e suudu sarɗiiji, o wonii hooreejo Goomu suudu sarɗiiji ngam golle teeŋtuɗe 1999–2000 e hooreejo Goomu suudu sarɗiiji ngam golle polis 2001–2003. E hitaande 2003, o toɗɗaa ko jaagorgal keeringal to Hooreejo leydi ndii e oon sahaa ( [[Aminu Bello Masari]] ) e golle keertiiɗe 2003–2007. O suɓaama senaajo diiwal Jigawa to woyla-fuunaange lesdi ndiin e hitaande 2015 les njiimaandi [[APC|Kongres All Progressives]] . == Njeenaaje e teddungal == E lewru mee 2023, o hokki hooreejo lesdi [[Muhammadu Buhari]] teddungal lesdi ndi'i, o hokki hooreejo leydi Niger . == Nguurndam neɗɗo == Omo jogii debbo, omo jogii ɓiɓɓe. == Tuugnorgal == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Yimɓe wuurɓe]] f1oef7x6ji6jod20br941w9pw4rt809 175658 175651 2026-06-22T14:11:30Z Fulani215 7983 /* */ fixed typo 175658 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Senator '''Abdullahi Abubakar Gumel''' (jibinaa ko 20 abriil 1949) ko o daraniiɗo dawrugol leydi [[Naajeeriya]], tergal suudu sarɗiiji leydi Naajeeriya 8ɓo, ummoriiɗo e [[Diiwal Jigawa|diiwaan Jigawa]] . O lomtii diiwaan senateeruuji Jigawa to bannge worgo-fuɗnaange.<ref>"National Assembly | Federal Republic of Nigeria". www.nass.gov.ng. Archived from the original on 2018-01-19. Retrieved 2018-01-11.</ref><ref>"Full list of Senate committee chairmen, vice chairmen". ScanNews Nigeria. Archived from the original on 2018-01-15. Retrieved 2018-01-12.</ref> To Senaa, ko kanko woni hooreejo Goomu Senaa ngam dowlaaji e laamuuji nokkuuji. == Nguurndam e jaŋde puɗɗagol == Abdullahi Abubakar Gumel jibinaa ko ñalnde 20 lewru abriil hitaande 1949, o jeyaa ko e wuro wiyeteengo Maigatari LGA to diiwaan Jigawa. O heɓi dipolom makko ko faati e politik e njuɓɓudi laamu to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Bayero to Kano, to diiwaan Kano. Kono ko adii ɗuum, o naati duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Kaduna Polytechnics Kaduna, to diiwaan Kaduna ɗo o heɓi dipolom makko ngenndiijo e nder hiisa (accounting) hade makko yahde to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Bayero Kano, ɗo o heɓi dipolom advance e njuɓɓudi laamu e dipolom post-graduate e nder politik e njuɓɓudi laamu. Abdullahi Gumel golliima e golle keewɗe. O woniino cukko hooreejo duɗal leslesal Gumel Gabas Gumel, diiwaan Jigawa (1969–1971), stenographe to diiwaan Kano, diiwaan Kano (1972), mawɗo hiisawal to hukuuma teleeji Naajeeriya NTA Kano, diiwaan Lago, diiwaan Naajeeriya (1976–1979), hooreejo janngirde lesdi Naajeeriya (1979–1983) e tergal yiilirde to Kawtal Ƴellitaare gollorɗe Nijeer (1980–1983), Kawtal Kisal e Mbaylaandi Nijeer (1983) e Kawtal Pijirlooji Dowlaaji Kano (1980–1983). [1] == Golle politik == Yiɗde Gumel gollanaade leñol mum addani mo naatde e dawrugol. E hitaande 1999, o suɓaama tergal suudu sarɗiiji (Niiseer) lomtotooɗo diiwaan fedde Gumel (LGAs Gumel/Maitagri/SuleTanrarkar/Gagarawa). Nde o woni e suudu sarɗiiji, o wonii hooreejo Goomu suudu sarɗiiji ngam golle teeŋtuɗe 1999–2000 e hooreejo Goomu suudu sarɗiiji ngam golle polis 2001–2003. E hitaande 2003, o toɗɗaa ko jaagorgal keeringal to Hooreejo leydi ndii e oon sahaa ( [[Aminu Bello Masari]] ) e golle keertiiɗe 2003–2007. O suɓaama senaajo diiwal Jigawa to woyla-fuunaange lesdi ndiin e hitaande 2015 les njiimaandi [[APC|Kongres All Progressives]] . == Njeenaaje e teddungal == E lewru mee 2023, o hokki hooreejo lesdi [[Muhammadu Buhari]] teddungal lesdi ndi'i, o hokki hooreejo leydi Niger . == Nguurndam neɗɗo == Omo jogii debbo, omo jogii ɓiɓɓe. == Tuugnorgal == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Yimɓe wuurɓe]] 30uaycmkhzmts9v65xe02bbkix66trr 175659 175658 2026-06-22T14:12:40Z Fulani215 7983 /* = Himobe */ fixed typo 175659 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Senator '''Abdullahi Abubakar Gumel''' (jibinaa ko 20 abriil 1949) ko o daraniiɗo dawrugol leydi [[Naajeeriya]], tergal suudu sarɗiiji leydi Naajeeriya 8ɓo, ummoriiɗo e [[Diiwal Jigawa|diiwaan Jigawa]] . O lomtii diiwaan senateeruuji Jigawa to bannge worgo-fuɗnaange.<ref>"National Assembly | Federal Republic of Nigeria". www.nass.gov.ng. Archived from the original on 2018-01-19. Retrieved 2018-01-11.</ref><ref>"Full list of Senate committee chairmen, vice chairmen". ScanNews Nigeria. Archived from the original on 2018-01-15. Retrieved 2018-01-12.</ref> To Senaa, ko kanko woni hooreejo Goomu Senaa ngam dowlaaji e laamuuji nokkuuji. == Nguurndam e jaŋde puɗɗagol == Abdullahi Abubakar Gumel jibinaa ko ñalnde 20 lewru abriil hitaande 1949, o jeyaa ko e wuro wiyeteengo Maigatari LGA to diiwaan Jigawa. O heɓi dipolom makko ko faati e politik e njuɓɓudi laamu to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Bayero to Kano, to diiwaan Kano. Kono ko adii ɗuum, o naati duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Kaduna Polytechnics Kaduna, to diiwaan Kaduna ɗo o heɓi dipolom makko ngenndiijo e nder hiisa (accounting) hade makko yahde to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Bayero Kano, ɗo o heɓi dipolom advance e njuɓɓudi laamu e dipolom post-graduate e nder politik e njuɓɓudi laamu. Abdullahi Gumel golliima e golle keewɗe. O woniino cukko hooreejo duɗal leslesal Gumel Gabas Gumel, diiwaan Jigawa (1969–1971), stenographe to diiwaan Kano, diiwaan Kano (1972), mawɗo hiisawal to hukuuma teleeji Naajeeriya NTA Kano, diiwaan Lago, diiwaan Naajeeriya (1976–1979), hooreejo janngirde lesdi Naajeeriya (1979–1983) e tergal yiilirde to Kawtal Ƴellitaare gollorɗe Nijeer (1980–1983), Kawtal Kisal e Mbaylaandi Nijeer (1983) e Kawtal Pijirlooji Dowlaaji Kano (1980–1983). [1] == Golle politik == Yiɗde Gumel gollanaade leñol mum addani mo naatde e dawrugol. E hitaande 1999, o suɓaama tergal suudu sarɗiiji (Niiseer) lomtotooɗo diiwaan fedde Gumel (LGAs Gumel/Maitagri/SuleTanrarkar/Gagarawa). Nde o woni e suudu sarɗiiji, o wonii hooreejo Goomu suudu sarɗiiji ngam golle teeŋtuɗe 1999–2000 e hooreejo Goomu suudu sarɗiiji ngam golle polis 2001–2003. E hitaande 2003, o toɗɗaa ko jaagorgal keeringal to Hooreejo leydi ndii e oon sahaa ( [[Aminu Bello Masari]] ) e golle keertiiɗe 2003–2007. O suɓaama senaajo diiwal Jigawa to woyla-fuunaange lesdi ndiin e hitaande 2015 les njiimaandi [[APC|Kongres All Progressives]] . == Njeenaaje e teddungal == E lewru mee 2023, o hokki hooreejo lesdi [[Muhammadu Buhari]] teddungal lesdi ndi'i, o hokki hooreejo leydi Niger . == Nguurndam neɗɗo == Omo jogii debbo, omo jogii ɓiɓɓe. == Himobe= {{Reflist}} [[Category:Yimɓe wuurɓe]] sldjma61gm4s7n4hw7miapfs2ed7lmi 175660 175659 2026-06-22T14:13:25Z Fulani215 7983 /* Himobe */ fixed typo 175660 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Senator '''Abdullahi Abubakar Gumel''' (jibinaa ko 20 abriil 1949) ko o daraniiɗo dawrugol leydi [[Naajeeriya]], tergal suudu sarɗiiji leydi Naajeeriya 8ɓo, ummoriiɗo e [[Diiwal Jigawa|diiwaan Jigawa]] . O lomtii diiwaan senateeruuji Jigawa to bannge worgo-fuɗnaange.<ref>"National Assembly | Federal Republic of Nigeria". www.nass.gov.ng. Archived from the original on 2018-01-19. Retrieved 2018-01-11.</ref><ref>"Full list of Senate committee chairmen, vice chairmen". ScanNews Nigeria. Archived from the original on 2018-01-15. Retrieved 2018-01-12.</ref> To Senaa, ko kanko woni hooreejo Goomu Senaa ngam dowlaaji e laamuuji nokkuuji. == Nguurndam e jaŋde puɗɗagol == Abdullahi Abubakar Gumel jibinaa ko ñalnde 20 lewru abriil hitaande 1949, o jeyaa ko e wuro wiyeteengo Maigatari LGA to diiwaan Jigawa. O heɓi dipolom makko ko faati e politik e njuɓɓudi laamu to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Bayero to Kano, to diiwaan Kano. Kono ko adii ɗuum, o naati duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Kaduna Polytechnics Kaduna, to diiwaan Kaduna ɗo o heɓi dipolom makko ngenndiijo e nder hiisa (accounting) hade makko yahde to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Bayero Kano, ɗo o heɓi dipolom advance e njuɓɓudi laamu e dipolom post-graduate e nder politik e njuɓɓudi laamu. Abdullahi Gumel golliima e golle keewɗe. O woniino cukko hooreejo duɗal leslesal Gumel Gabas Gumel, diiwaan Jigawa (1969–1971), stenographe to diiwaan Kano, diiwaan Kano (1972), mawɗo hiisawal to hukuuma teleeji Naajeeriya NTA Kano, diiwaan Lago, diiwaan Naajeeriya (1976–1979), hooreejo janngirde lesdi Naajeeriya (1979–1983) e tergal yiilirde to Kawtal Ƴellitaare gollorɗe Nijeer (1980–1983), Kawtal Kisal e Mbaylaandi Nijeer (1983) e Kawtal Pijirlooji Dowlaaji Kano (1980–1983). [1] == Golle politik == Yiɗde Gumel gollanaade leñol mum addani mo naatde e dawrugol. E hitaande 1999, o suɓaama tergal suudu sarɗiiji (Niiseer) lomtotooɗo diiwaan fedde Gumel (LGAs Gumel/Maitagri/SuleTanrarkar/Gagarawa). Nde o woni e suudu sarɗiiji, o wonii hooreejo Goomu suudu sarɗiiji ngam golle teeŋtuɗe 1999–2000 e hooreejo Goomu suudu sarɗiiji ngam golle polis 2001–2003. E hitaande 2003, o toɗɗaa ko jaagorgal keeringal to Hooreejo leydi ndii e oon sahaa ( [[Aminu Bello Masari]] ) e golle keertiiɗe 2003–2007. O suɓaama senaajo diiwal Jigawa to woyla-fuunaange lesdi ndiin e hitaande 2015 les njiimaandi [[APC|Kongres All Progressives]] . == Njeenaaje e teddungal == E lewru mee 2023, o hokki hooreejo lesdi [[Muhammadu Buhari]] teddungal lesdi ndi'i, o hokki hooreejo leydi Niger . == Nguurndam neɗɗo == Omo jogii debbo, omo jogii ɓiɓɓe. == Himobe== {{Reflist}} [[Category:Yimɓe wuurɓe]] kp6jb06l8d923h0yly0urydqzn7zwtk 175661 175660 2026-06-22T14:13:55Z Fulani215 7983 /* Nguurndam neɗɗo */ fixed typo 175661 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Senator '''Abdullahi Abubakar Gumel''' (jibinaa ko 20 abriil 1949) ko o daraniiɗo dawrugol leydi [[Naajeeriya]], tergal suudu sarɗiiji leydi Naajeeriya 8ɓo, ummoriiɗo e [[Diiwal Jigawa|diiwaan Jigawa]] . O lomtii diiwaan senateeruuji Jigawa to bannge worgo-fuɗnaange.<ref>"National Assembly | Federal Republic of Nigeria". www.nass.gov.ng. Archived from the original on 2018-01-19. Retrieved 2018-01-11.</ref><ref>"Full list of Senate committee chairmen, vice chairmen". ScanNews Nigeria. Archived from the original on 2018-01-15. Retrieved 2018-01-12.</ref> To Senaa, ko kanko woni hooreejo Goomu Senaa ngam dowlaaji e laamuuji nokkuuji. == Nguurndam e jaŋde puɗɗagol == Abdullahi Abubakar Gumel jibinaa ko ñalnde 20 lewru abriil hitaande 1949, o jeyaa ko e wuro wiyeteengo Maigatari LGA to diiwaan Jigawa. O heɓi dipolom makko ko faati e politik e njuɓɓudi laamu to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Bayero to Kano, to diiwaan Kano. Kono ko adii ɗuum, o naati duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Kaduna Polytechnics Kaduna, to diiwaan Kaduna ɗo o heɓi dipolom makko ngenndiijo e nder hiisa (accounting) hade makko yahde to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Bayero Kano, ɗo o heɓi dipolom advance e njuɓɓudi laamu e dipolom post-graduate e nder politik e njuɓɓudi laamu. Abdullahi Gumel golliima e golle keewɗe. O woniino cukko hooreejo duɗal leslesal Gumel Gabas Gumel, diiwaan Jigawa (1969–1971), stenographe to diiwaan Kano, diiwaan Kano (1972), mawɗo hiisawal to hukuuma teleeji Naajeeriya NTA Kano, diiwaan Lago, diiwaan Naajeeriya (1976–1979), hooreejo janngirde lesdi Naajeeriya (1979–1983) e tergal yiilirde to Kawtal Ƴellitaare gollorɗe Nijeer (1980–1983), Kawtal Kisal e Mbaylaandi Nijeer (1983) e Kawtal Pijirlooji Dowlaaji Kano (1980–1983). [1] == Golle politik == Yiɗde Gumel gollanaade leñol mum addani mo naatde e dawrugol. E hitaande 1999, o suɓaama tergal suudu sarɗiiji (Niiseer) lomtotooɗo diiwaan fedde Gumel (LGAs Gumel/Maitagri/SuleTanrarkar/Gagarawa). Nde o woni e suudu sarɗiiji, o wonii hooreejo Goomu suudu sarɗiiji ngam golle teeŋtuɗe 1999–2000 e hooreejo Goomu suudu sarɗiiji ngam golle polis 2001–2003. E hitaande 2003, o toɗɗaa ko jaagorgal keeringal to Hooreejo leydi ndii e oon sahaa ( [[Aminu Bello Masari]] ) e golle keertiiɗe 2003–2007. O suɓaama senaajo diiwal Jigawa to woyla-fuunaange lesdi ndiin e hitaande 2015 les njiimaandi [[APC|Kongres All Progressives]] . == Njeenaaje e teddungal == E lewru mee 2023, o hokki hooreejo lesdi [[Muhammadu Buhari]] teddungal lesdi ndi'i, o hokki hooreejo leydi Niger . == Nguurndam neɗɗo == * Omo jogii debbo, omo jogii ɓiɓɓe. == Himobe== {{Reflist}} [[Category:Yimɓe wuurɓe]] 449sxjxuyd5idfjxnpyj633d707j75t 175662 175661 2026-06-22T14:14:25Z Fulani215 7983 /* Njeenaaje e teddungal */ fixed typo 175662 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Senator '''Abdullahi Abubakar Gumel''' (jibinaa ko 20 abriil 1949) ko o daraniiɗo dawrugol leydi [[Naajeeriya]], tergal suudu sarɗiiji leydi Naajeeriya 8ɓo, ummoriiɗo e [[Diiwal Jigawa|diiwaan Jigawa]] . O lomtii diiwaan senateeruuji Jigawa to bannge worgo-fuɗnaange.<ref>"National Assembly | Federal Republic of Nigeria". www.nass.gov.ng. Archived from the original on 2018-01-19. Retrieved 2018-01-11.</ref><ref>"Full list of Senate committee chairmen, vice chairmen". ScanNews Nigeria. Archived from the original on 2018-01-15. Retrieved 2018-01-12.</ref> To Senaa, ko kanko woni hooreejo Goomu Senaa ngam dowlaaji e laamuuji nokkuuji. == Nguurndam e jaŋde puɗɗagol == Abdullahi Abubakar Gumel jibinaa ko ñalnde 20 lewru abriil hitaande 1949, o jeyaa ko e wuro wiyeteengo Maigatari LGA to diiwaan Jigawa. O heɓi dipolom makko ko faati e politik e njuɓɓudi laamu to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Bayero to Kano, to diiwaan Kano. Kono ko adii ɗuum, o naati duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Kaduna Polytechnics Kaduna, to diiwaan Kaduna ɗo o heɓi dipolom makko ngenndiijo e nder hiisa (accounting) hade makko yahde to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Bayero Kano, ɗo o heɓi dipolom advance e njuɓɓudi laamu e dipolom post-graduate e nder politik e njuɓɓudi laamu. Abdullahi Gumel golliima e golle keewɗe. O woniino cukko hooreejo duɗal leslesal Gumel Gabas Gumel, diiwaan Jigawa (1969–1971), stenographe to diiwaan Kano, diiwaan Kano (1972), mawɗo hiisawal to hukuuma teleeji Naajeeriya NTA Kano, diiwaan Lago, diiwaan Naajeeriya (1976–1979), hooreejo janngirde lesdi Naajeeriya (1979–1983) e tergal yiilirde to Kawtal Ƴellitaare gollorɗe Nijeer (1980–1983), Kawtal Kisal e Mbaylaandi Nijeer (1983) e Kawtal Pijirlooji Dowlaaji Kano (1980–1983). [1] == Golle politik == Yiɗde Gumel gollanaade leñol mum addani mo naatde e dawrugol. E hitaande 1999, o suɓaama tergal suudu sarɗiiji (Niiseer) lomtotooɗo diiwaan fedde Gumel (LGAs Gumel/Maitagri/SuleTanrarkar/Gagarawa). Nde o woni e suudu sarɗiiji, o wonii hooreejo Goomu suudu sarɗiiji ngam golle teeŋtuɗe 1999–2000 e hooreejo Goomu suudu sarɗiiji ngam golle polis 2001–2003. E hitaande 2003, o toɗɗaa ko jaagorgal keeringal to Hooreejo leydi ndii e oon sahaa ( [[Aminu Bello Masari]] ) e golle keertiiɗe 2003–2007. O suɓaama senaajo diiwal Jigawa to woyla-fuunaange lesdi ndiin e hitaande 2015 les njiimaandi [[APC|Kongres All Progressives]] . == Njeenaaje e teddungal == * E lewru mee 2023, o hokki hooreejo lesdi [[Muhammadu Buhari]] teddungal lesdi ndi'i, o hokki hooreejo leydi Niger . == Nguurndam neɗɗo == * Omo jogii debbo, omo jogii ɓiɓɓe. == Himobe== {{Reflist}} [[Category:Yimɓe wuurɓe]] nb4dbd8h0n6qcvylp887mvl466kyz9i 175663 175662 2026-06-22T14:15:56Z Fulani215 7983 /* Nguurndam e jaŋde puɗɗagol */ fixed typo 175663 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Senator '''Abdullahi Abubakar Gumel''' (jibinaa ko 20 abriil 1949) ko o daraniiɗo dawrugol leydi [[Naajeeriya]], tergal suudu sarɗiiji leydi Naajeeriya 8ɓo, ummoriiɗo e [[Diiwal Jigawa|diiwaan Jigawa]] . O lomtii diiwaan senateeruuji Jigawa to bannge worgo-fuɗnaange.<ref>"National Assembly | Federal Republic of Nigeria". www.nass.gov.ng. Archived from the original on 2018-01-19. Retrieved 2018-01-11.</ref><ref>"Full list of Senate committee chairmen, vice chairmen". ScanNews Nigeria. Archived from the original on 2018-01-15. Retrieved 2018-01-12.</ref> To Senaa, ko kanko woni hooreejo Goomu Senaa ngam dowlaaji e laamuuji nokkuuji. == Nguurndam e jaŋde puɗɗagol == Abdullahi Abubakar Gumel jibinaa ko ñalnde 20 lewru abriil hitaande 1949, o jeyaa ko e wuro wiyeteengo Maigatari LGA to diiwaan Jigawa. O heɓi dipolom makko ko faati e politik e njuɓɓudi laamu to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Bayero to Kano, to diiwaan Kano. Kono ko adii ɗuum, o naati duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Kaduna Polytechnics Kaduna, to diiwaan Kaduna ɗo o heɓi dipolom makko ngenndiijo e nder hiisa (accounting) hade makko yahde to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Bayero Kano, ɗo o heɓi dipolom advance e njuɓɓudi laamu e dipolom post-graduate e nder politik e njuɓɓudi laamu. Abdullahi Gumel golliima e golle keewɗe. O woniino cukko hooreejo duɗal leslesal Gumel Gabas Gumel, diiwaan Jigawa (1969–1971), stenographe to diiwaan Kano, diiwaan Kano (1972), mawɗo hiisawal to hukuuma teleeji Naajeeriya NTA Kano, diiwaan Lago, diiwaan Naajeeriya (1976–1979), hooreejo janngirde lesdi Naajeeriya (1979–1983) e tergal yiilirde to Kawtal Ƴellitaare gollorɗe Nijeer (1980–1983), Kawtal Kisal e Mbaylaandi Nijeer (1983) e Kawtal Pijirlooji Dowlaaji Kano (1980–1983). == Golle politik == Yiɗde Gumel gollanaade leñol mum addani mo naatde e dawrugol. E hitaande 1999, o suɓaama tergal suudu sarɗiiji (Niiseer) lomtotooɗo diiwaan fedde Gumel (LGAs Gumel/Maitagri/SuleTanrarkar/Gagarawa). Nde o woni e suudu sarɗiiji, o wonii hooreejo Goomu suudu sarɗiiji ngam golle teeŋtuɗe 1999–2000 e hooreejo Goomu suudu sarɗiiji ngam golle polis 2001–2003. E hitaande 2003, o toɗɗaa ko jaagorgal keeringal to Hooreejo leydi ndii e oon sahaa ( [[Aminu Bello Masari]] ) e golle keertiiɗe 2003–2007. O suɓaama senaajo diiwal Jigawa to woyla-fuunaange lesdi ndiin e hitaande 2015 les njiimaandi [[APC|Kongres All Progressives]] . == Njeenaaje e teddungal == * E lewru mee 2023, o hokki hooreejo lesdi [[Muhammadu Buhari]] teddungal lesdi ndi'i, o hokki hooreejo leydi Niger . == Nguurndam neɗɗo == * Omo jogii debbo, omo jogii ɓiɓɓe. == Himobe== {{Reflist}} [[Category:Yimɓe wuurɓe]] jakzlfy8px75twbv265jmzwrfupph25 175664 175663 2026-06-22T14:16:27Z Fulani215 7983 /* Golle politik */ fixed typo 175664 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Senator '''Abdullahi Abubakar Gumel''' (jibinaa ko 20 abriil 1949) ko o daraniiɗo dawrugol leydi [[Naajeeriya]], tergal suudu sarɗiiji leydi Naajeeriya 8ɓo, ummoriiɗo e [[Diiwal Jigawa|diiwaan Jigawa]] . O lomtii diiwaan senateeruuji Jigawa to bannge worgo-fuɗnaange.<ref>"National Assembly | Federal Republic of Nigeria". www.nass.gov.ng. Archived from the original on 2018-01-19. Retrieved 2018-01-11.</ref><ref>"Full list of Senate committee chairmen, vice chairmen". ScanNews Nigeria. Archived from the original on 2018-01-15. Retrieved 2018-01-12.</ref> To Senaa, ko kanko woni hooreejo Goomu Senaa ngam dowlaaji e laamuuji nokkuuji. == Nguurndam e jaŋde puɗɗagol == Abdullahi Abubakar Gumel jibinaa ko ñalnde 20 lewru abriil hitaande 1949, o jeyaa ko e wuro wiyeteengo Maigatari LGA to diiwaan Jigawa. O heɓi dipolom makko ko faati e politik e njuɓɓudi laamu to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Bayero to Kano, to diiwaan Kano. Kono ko adii ɗuum, o naati duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Kaduna Polytechnics Kaduna, to diiwaan Kaduna ɗo o heɓi dipolom makko ngenndiijo e nder hiisa (accounting) hade makko yahde to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Bayero Kano, ɗo o heɓi dipolom advance e njuɓɓudi laamu e dipolom post-graduate e nder politik e njuɓɓudi laamu. Abdullahi Gumel golliima e golle keewɗe. O woniino cukko hooreejo duɗal leslesal Gumel Gabas Gumel, diiwaan Jigawa (1969–1971), stenographe to diiwaan Kano, diiwaan Kano (1972), mawɗo hiisawal to hukuuma teleeji Naajeeriya NTA Kano, diiwaan Lago, diiwaan Naajeeriya (1976–1979), hooreejo janngirde lesdi Naajeeriya (1979–1983) e tergal yiilirde to Kawtal Ƴellitaare gollorɗe Nijeer (1980–1983), Kawtal Kisal e Mbaylaandi Nijeer (1983) e Kawtal Pijirlooji Dowlaaji Kano (1980–1983). == Golle politik == Yiɗde Gumel gollanaade leñol mum addani mo naatde e dawrugol. E hitaande 1999, o suɓaama tergal suudu sarɗiiji (Niiseer) lomtotooɗo diiwaan fedde Gumel (LGAs Gumel/Maitagri/SuleTanrarkar/Gagarawa). Nde o woni e suudu sarɗiiji, o wonii hooreejo Goomu suudu sarɗiiji ngam golle teeŋtuɗe 1999–2000 e hooreejo Goomu suudu sarɗiiji ngam golle polis 2001–2003.E hitaande 2003, o toɗɗaa ko jaagorgal keeringal to Hooreejo leydi ndii e oon sahaa ( [[Aminu Bello Masari]] ) e golle keertiiɗe 2003–2007. O suɓaama senaajo diiwal Jigawa to woyla-fuunaange lesdi ndiin e hitaande 2015 les njiimaandi [[APC|Kongres All Progressives]] . == Njeenaaje e teddungal == * E lewru mee 2023, o hokki hooreejo lesdi [[Muhammadu Buhari]] teddungal lesdi ndi'i, o hokki hooreejo leydi Niger . == Nguurndam neɗɗo == * Omo jogii debbo, omo jogii ɓiɓɓe. == Himobe== {{Reflist}} [[Category:Yimɓe wuurɓe]] 7r2pxkpw1s49tlftw9iyx2qthcy642c 0 42400 175652 2026-06-22T14:07:32Z Sardeeq 14292 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1359942544|Almajir Geidam]]" 175652 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Almajir Geidam''' ko ɓiɗɗo leydi Najeriya mo alaa ko woni e mum so wonaa jom en jawɗeele en, jeyaaɗo to [[Diiwal Yobe|diiwaan Yobe]], [[Naajeeriya|leydi Najeriya]] . O woniino tergal suudu sarɗiiji lomtotooɗo diiwaan Bursari/Geidam/Yunusari e nder manndaaji ɗiɗi, 1999-2003 e 2003–2007. == Jaŋde e golle == Almajir heɓi dipoloma mum ko faati e safaara daabaaji to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Maiduguri e hitaande 1989. O wonti mawɗo safaara daabaaji to Damaturu, laamorgo diiwaan Yobe e hitaande 1997. O woniino cukko hooreejo laamu nokku Geidam tuggi 1996 [1] [2] [3] == Tuugnorgal == [[Category:Yimɓe wuurɓe]] bizn1dqakq738nd8vj717hbp5wvj4oq 175654 175652 2026-06-22T14:08:20Z Sardeeq 14292 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1359942544|Almajir Geidam]]" 175654 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Almajir Geidam''' ko ɓiɗɗo leydi Najeriya mo alaa ko woni e mum so wonaa jom en jawɗeele en, jeyaaɗo to [[Diiwal Yobe|diiwaan Yobe]], [[Naajeeriya|leydi Najeriya]] . O woniino tergal suudu sarɗiiji lomtotooɗo diiwaan Bursari/Geidam/Yunusari e nder manndaaji ɗiɗi, 1999-2003 e 2003–2007. <ref>Hon Dr. Almajiri Geidam – NSTPJDA". Retrieved 2024-11-04.</ref> == Jaŋde e golle == Almajir heɓi dipoloma mum ko faati e safaara daabaaji to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Maiduguri e hitaande 1989. O wonti mawɗo safaara daabaaji to Damaturu, laamorgo diiwaan Yobe e hitaande 1997. O woniino cukko hooreejo laamu nokku Geidam tuggi 1996 [1] [2] [3] == Tuugnorgal == [[Category:Yimɓe wuurɓe]] az4itgorkifovr1hwin8whgrw7vjgdr 175655 175654 2026-06-22T14:08:42Z Sardeeq 14292 175655 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Almajir Geidam''' ko ɓiɗɗo leydi Najeriya mo alaa ko woni e mum so wonaa jom en jawɗeele en, jeyaaɗo to [[Diiwal Yobe|diiwaan Yobe]], [[Naajeeriya|leydi Najeriya]] . O woniino tergal suudu sarɗiiji lomtotooɗo diiwaan Bursari/Geidam/Yunusari e nder manndaaji ɗiɗi, 1999-2003 e 2003–2007. <ref>Hon Dr. Almajiri Geidam – NSTPJDA". Retrieved 2024-11-04.</ref> == Jaŋde e golle == Almajir heɓi dipoloma mum ko faati e safaara daabaaji to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Maiduguri e hitaande 1989. O wonti mawɗo safaara daabaaji to Damaturu, laamorgo diiwaan Yobe e hitaande 1997. O woniino cukko hooreejo laamu nokku Geidam tuggi 1996 [1] [2] [3] == Tuugnorgal == [[Category:Yimɓe wuurɓe]] m0aqzmbllvv3e3f5rp8n59xrrt2t7sp 0 42401 175656 2026-06-22T14:09:30Z Sardeeq 14292 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1359942541|Patricia Etteh]]" 175656 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Patricia Olubunmi Foluke Etteh''' (jibinaa ko 17 lewru bowte hitaande 1953) ko awokaajo e dawrugol leydi Najeriya, o woniino hooreejo 10ɓo suudu sarɗiiji leydi Najeriya tuggi lewru suwee haa lewru oktoobar 2007. == Nguurndam neɗɗo e jaŋde mum == Jibinaa ko ñalnde 17 lewru [[Yimɓe Yarbanko'en|bowte]] hitaande 1953 to wuro Ikire diiwaan Osun, to nokku laamu Irewole. O janngi ko feewti e coftal ɓalli e ko fayti e ɓamtaare, kono kadi o heɓi dipolomaaji sariya to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Buckingham to [[Biritaani-Mawndi|leydi Angalteer]], o noddiraa e Bar Nijeer e hitaande 2016. <ref name="nass" /> == Golle politik == Etteh woni wakiiliijo diiwal Ayyedaade/Isokan/Irewole nder [[diiwal Osun]] . O fuɗɗii suɓaade ko e hitaande 1999 ngam wonde tergal Fedde Demokaraasi (AD), kono o wayliima e lannda Demokaraasi Leƴƴi (PDP), nde o woni e dogde ngam suɓaade hooreejo leydi ndii e hitaande 2003. e jappeere hooreejo leydi ndii e dow nanondiral e lewru suwee 2007 e ndeeɗoo jappeere wonnoo tan ko e hitaande 2007 [[Siyaasa leydi Naajeeriya|Laamu leydi Najeriya]] . Patricia Olubunmi darii bana maande yahdu yeeso e janngirde nder limngal siyaasaaku nder lesdi Naajeeriya. == Ko fenaande njulaagu == E lewru suwee 2007, o fotnoo ko goomu depiteeji sabu tuumeede wonde o yamiriino yoɓde 628 miliyoŋ ugiyya (fotde miliyoŋaaji 5 dolaar Amerik) ngam moƴƴinde hoɗorde makko laamu e cukko makko, e soodde otooji laamu 12 potɗi huutoreede ngam suudu sarɗiiji. Tuumeede gujjo ina njimree e makko nde o yiɗi haalde e nder suudu nduu, o yalti e worɓe kisal nde ngonka kaa wayli haa wonti jiiɓru. [1] PDP jokki e wallitde Etteh e dow laabi, hay so tawii won terɗe mum, ko wayi no Isyaku Ibrahim, ñiŋii ndee darnde. Winndiyanke e jannginoowo, Wole Soyinka, ina jeyaa e ɓeen, nodduɓe yo o woppu laamu, tawi gonnooɗo hooreejo leydi e tergal PDP, [[Olusegun Obasanjo]], ina jokki e wallitde mo. Ñalnde 30 oktoobar, caggal jonte ƴaañgal, Etteh woppi golle mum e hooreejo leydi. Cukko makko Babangida Nguroje kadi woppi laamu. Kono e joɗnde sakkitiinde e batu 6ɓo suudu sarɗiiji, nanondiraama wonde "alaa ko winndaa heen walla ko ñaawirdu suudu nduu, ɗo Patricia Olubunmi Etteh meeɗi ñaaweede." == Nguurndam neɗɗo == Etteh ina resndi injenieer Etteh, gorko Akwa Ibom. Ɓeeɗoo ɗiɗo ina njogii ɓiɓɓe ɗiɗo. == Tuugnorgal == [[Category:Yimɓe wuurɓe]] itmphdlvdv0s6c7kohnpv2c6w0ln32q 175657 175656 2026-06-22T14:09:44Z Sardeeq 14292 175657 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Patricia Olubunmi Foluke Etteh''' (jibinaa ko 17 lewru bowte hitaande 1953) ko awokaajo e dawrugol leydi Najeriya, o woniino hooreejo 10ɓo suudu sarɗiiji leydi Najeriya tuggi lewru suwee haa lewru oktoobar 2007. == Nguurndam neɗɗo e jaŋde mum == Jibinaa ko ñalnde 17 lewru [[Yimɓe Yarbanko'en|bowte]] hitaande 1953 to wuro Ikire diiwaan Osun, to nokku laamu Irewole. O janngi ko feewti e coftal ɓalli e ko fayti e ɓamtaare, kono kadi o heɓi dipolomaaji sariya to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Buckingham to [[Biritaani-Mawndi|leydi Angalteer]], o noddiraa e Bar Nijeer e hitaande 2016. <ref name="nass" /> == Golle politik == Etteh woni wakiiliijo diiwal Ayyedaade/Isokan/Irewole nder [[diiwal Osun]] . O fuɗɗii suɓaade ko e hitaande 1999 ngam wonde tergal Fedde Demokaraasi (AD), kono o wayliima e lannda Demokaraasi Leƴƴi (PDP), nde o woni e dogde ngam suɓaade hooreejo leydi ndii e hitaande 2003. e jappeere hooreejo leydi ndii e dow nanondiral e lewru suwee 2007 e ndeeɗoo jappeere wonnoo tan ko e hitaande 2007 [[Siyaasa leydi Naajeeriya|Laamu leydi Najeriya]] . Patricia Olubunmi darii bana maande yahdu yeeso e janngirde nder limngal siyaasaaku nder lesdi Naajeeriya. == Ko fenaande njulaagu == E lewru suwee 2007, o fotnoo ko goomu depiteeji sabu tuumeede wonde o yamiriino yoɓde 628 miliyoŋ ugiyya (fotde miliyoŋaaji 5 dolaar Amerik) ngam moƴƴinde hoɗorde makko laamu e cukko makko, e soodde otooji laamu 12 potɗi huutoreede ngam suudu sarɗiiji. Tuumeede gujjo ina njimree e makko nde o yiɗi haalde e nder suudu nduu, o yalti e worɓe kisal nde ngonka kaa wayli haa wonti jiiɓru. [1] PDP jokki e wallitde Etteh e dow laabi, hay so tawii won terɗe mum, ko wayi no Isyaku Ibrahim, ñiŋii ndee darnde. Winndiyanke e jannginoowo, Wole Soyinka, ina jeyaa e ɓeen, nodduɓe yo o woppu laamu, tawi gonnooɗo hooreejo leydi e tergal PDP, [[Olusegun Obasanjo]], ina jokki e wallitde mo. Ñalnde 30 oktoobar, caggal jonte ƴaañgal, Etteh woppi golle mum e hooreejo leydi. Cukko makko Babangida Nguroje kadi woppi laamu. Kono e joɗnde sakkitiinde e batu 6ɓo suudu sarɗiiji, nanondiraama wonde "alaa ko winndaa heen walla ko ñaawirdu suudu nduu, ɗo Patricia Olubunmi Etteh meeɗi ñaaweede." == Nguurndam neɗɗo == Etteh ina resndi injenieer Etteh, gorko Akwa Ibom. Ɓeeɗoo ɗiɗo ina njogii ɓiɓɓe ɗiɗo. == Tuugnorgal == [[Category:Yimɓe wuurɓe]] 6stugr7nkwhfqbnp28kinwdmsrl3dng 175665 175657 2026-06-22T14:19:15Z Fulani215 7983 /* */ fixed typo 175665 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Patricia Olubunmi Foluke Etteh''' (jibinaa ko 17 lewru bowte hitaande 1953) ko awokaajo e dawrugol leydi Najeriya, o woniino hooreejo 10ɓo suudu sarɗiiji leydi [[Naajeeriya]] tuggi lewru suwee haa lewru oktoobar 2007. == Nguurndam neɗɗo e jaŋde mum == Jibinaa ko ñalnde 17 lewru [[Yimɓe Yarbanko'en|bowte]] hitaande 1953 to wuro Ikire diiwaan Osun, to nokku laamu Irewole. O janngi ko feewti e coftal ɓalli e ko fayti e ɓamtaare, kono kadi o heɓi dipolomaaji sariya to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Buckingham to [[Biritaani-Mawndi|leydi Angalteer]], o noddiraa e Bar Nijeer e hitaande 2016. <ref name="nass" /> == Golle politik == Etteh woni wakiiliijo diiwal Ayyedaade/Isokan/Irewole nder [[diiwal Osun]] . O fuɗɗii suɓaade ko e hitaande 1999 ngam wonde tergal Fedde Demokaraasi (AD), kono o wayliima e lannda Demokaraasi Leƴƴi (PDP), nde o woni e dogde ngam suɓaade hooreejo leydi ndii e hitaande 2003. e jappeere hooreejo leydi ndii e dow nanondiral e lewru suwee 2007 e ndeeɗoo jappeere wonnoo tan ko e hitaande 2007 [[Siyaasa leydi Naajeeriya|Laamu leydi Najeriya]] . Patricia Olubunmi darii bana maande yahdu yeeso e janngirde nder limngal siyaasaaku nder lesdi Naajeeriya. == Ko fenaande njulaagu == E lewru suwee 2007, o fotnoo ko goomu depiteeji sabu tuumeede wonde o yamiriino yoɓde 628 miliyoŋ ugiyya (fotde miliyoŋaaji 5 dolaar Amerik) ngam moƴƴinde hoɗorde makko laamu e cukko makko, e soodde otooji laamu 12 potɗi huutoreede ngam suudu sarɗiiji. Tuumeede gujjo ina njimree e makko nde o yiɗi haalde e nder suudu nduu, o yalti e worɓe kisal nde ngonka kaa wayli haa wonti jiiɓru. [1] PDP jokki e wallitde Etteh e dow laabi, hay so tawii won terɗe mum, ko wayi no Isyaku Ibrahim, ñiŋii ndee darnde. Winndiyanke e jannginoowo, Wole Soyinka, ina jeyaa e ɓeen, nodduɓe yo o woppu laamu, tawi gonnooɗo hooreejo leydi e tergal PDP, [[Olusegun Obasanjo]], ina jokki e wallitde mo. Ñalnde 30 oktoobar, caggal jonte ƴaañgal, Etteh woppi golle mum e hooreejo leydi. Cukko makko Babangida Nguroje kadi woppi laamu. Kono e joɗnde sakkitiinde e batu 6ɓo suudu sarɗiiji, nanondiraama wonde "alaa ko winndaa heen walla ko ñaawirdu suudu nduu, ɗo Patricia Olubunmi Etteh meeɗi ñaaweede." == Nguurndam neɗɗo == Etteh ina resndi injenieer Etteh, gorko Akwa Ibom. Ɓeeɗoo ɗiɗo ina njogii ɓiɓɓe ɗiɗo. == Tuugnorgal == [[Category:Yimɓe wuurɓe]] a4qkojf9cnjrx9i2f6wis0lcphnpnjh 175667 175665 2026-06-22T14:24:39Z Fulani215 7983 /* Himobe */ fixed typo 175667 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Patricia Olubunmi Foluke Etteh''' (jibinaa ko 17 lewru bowte hitaande 1953) ko awokaajo e dawrugol leydi Najeriya, o woniino hooreejo 10ɓo suudu sarɗiiji leydi [[Naajeeriya]] tuggi lewru suwee haa lewru oktoobar 2007. == Nguurndam neɗɗo e jaŋde mum == Jibinaa ko ñalnde 17 lewru [[Yimɓe Yarbanko'en|bowte]] hitaande 1953 to wuro Ikire diiwaan Osun, to nokku laamu Irewole. O janngi ko feewti e coftal ɓalli e ko fayti e ɓamtaare, kono kadi o heɓi dipolomaaji sariya to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Buckingham to [[Biritaani-Mawndi|leydi Angalteer]], o noddiraa e Bar Nijeer e hitaande 2016. <ref name="nass" /> == Golle politik == Etteh woni wakiiliijo diiwal Ayyedaade/Isokan/Irewole nder [[diiwal Osun]] . O fuɗɗii suɓaade ko e hitaande 1999 ngam wonde tergal Fedde Demokaraasi (AD), kono o wayliima e lannda Demokaraasi Leƴƴi (PDP), nde o woni e dogde ngam suɓaade hooreejo leydi ndii e hitaande 2003. e jappeere hooreejo leydi ndii e dow nanondiral e lewru suwee 2007 e ndeeɗoo jappeere wonnoo tan ko e hitaande 2007 [[Siyaasa leydi Naajeeriya|Laamu leydi Najeriya]] . Patricia Olubunmi darii bana maande yahdu yeeso e janngirde nder limngal siyaasaaku nder lesdi Naajeeriya. == Ko fenaande njulaagu == E lewru suwee 2007, o fotnoo ko goomu depiteeji sabu tuumeede wonde o yamiriino yoɓde 628 miliyoŋ ugiyya (fotde miliyoŋaaji 5 dolaar Amerik) ngam moƴƴinde hoɗorde makko laamu e cukko makko, e soodde otooji laamu 12 potɗi huutoreede ngam suudu sarɗiiji. Tuumeede gujjo ina njimree e makko nde o yiɗi haalde e nder suudu nduu, o yalti e worɓe kisal nde ngonka kaa wayli haa wonti jiiɓru. [1] PDP jokki e wallitde Etteh e dow laabi, hay so tawii won terɗe mum, ko wayi no Isyaku Ibrahim, ñiŋii ndee darnde. Winndiyanke e jannginoowo, Wole Soyinka, ina jeyaa e ɓeen, nodduɓe yo o woppu laamu, tawi gonnooɗo hooreejo leydi e tergal PDP, [[Olusegun Obasanjo]], ina jokki e wallitde mo. Ñalnde 30 oktoobar, caggal jonte ƴaañgal, Etteh woppi golle mum e hooreejo leydi. Cukko makko Babangida Nguroje kadi woppi laamu. Kono e joɗnde sakkitiinde e batu 6ɓo suudu sarɗiiji, nanondiraama wonde "alaa ko winndaa heen walla ko ñaawirdu suudu nduu, ɗo Patricia Olubunmi Etteh meeɗi ñaaweede." == Nguurndam neɗɗo == Etteh ina resndi injenieer Etteh, gorko Akwa Ibom. Ɓeeɗoo ɗiɗo ina njogii ɓiɓɓe ɗiɗo. == Himobe == [[Category:Yimɓe wuurɓe]] 3ikmeb0oigjgz87zdtzgcyu6icynsx2 175668 175667 2026-06-22T14:26:38Z Fulani215 7983 /* Ko fenaande njulaagu */ fixed typo 175668 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Patricia Olubunmi Foluke Etteh''' (jibinaa ko 17 lewru bowte hitaande 1953) ko awokaajo e dawrugol leydi Najeriya, o woniino hooreejo 10ɓo suudu sarɗiiji leydi [[Naajeeriya]] tuggi lewru suwee haa lewru oktoobar 2007. == Nguurndam neɗɗo e jaŋde mum == Jibinaa ko ñalnde 17 lewru [[Yimɓe Yarbanko'en|bowte]] hitaande 1953 to wuro Ikire diiwaan Osun, to nokku laamu Irewole. O janngi ko feewti e coftal ɓalli e ko fayti e ɓamtaare, kono kadi o heɓi dipolomaaji sariya to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Buckingham to [[Biritaani-Mawndi|leydi Angalteer]], o noddiraa e Bar Nijeer e hitaande 2016. <ref name="nass" /> == Golle politik == Etteh woni wakiiliijo diiwal Ayyedaade/Isokan/Irewole nder [[diiwal Osun]] . O fuɗɗii suɓaade ko e hitaande 1999 ngam wonde tergal Fedde Demokaraasi (AD), kono o wayliima e lannda Demokaraasi Leƴƴi (PDP), nde o woni e dogde ngam suɓaade hooreejo leydi ndii e hitaande 2003. e jappeere hooreejo leydi ndii e dow nanondiral e lewru suwee 2007 e ndeeɗoo jappeere wonnoo tan ko e hitaande 2007 [[Siyaasa leydi Naajeeriya|Laamu leydi Najeriya]] . Patricia Olubunmi darii bana maande yahdu yeeso e janngirde nder limngal siyaasaaku nder lesdi Naajeeriya. == Ko fenaande njulaagu == E lewru suwee 2007, o fotnoo ko goomu depiteeji sabu tuumeede wonde o yamiriino yoɓde 628 miliyoŋ ugiyya (fotde miliyoŋaaji 5 dolaar Amerik) ngam moƴƴinde hoɗorde makko laamu e cukko makko, e soodde otooji laamu 12 potɗi huutoreede ngam suudu sarɗiiji. Tuumeede gujjo ina njimree e makko nde o yiɗi haalde e nder suudu nduu, o yalti e worɓe kisal nde ngonka kaa wayli haa wonti jiiɓru. PDP jokki e wallitde Etteh e dow laabi, hay so tawii won terɗe mum, ko wayi no Isyaku Ibrahim, ñiŋii ndee darnde. Winndiyanke e jannginoowo, Wole Soyinka, ina jeyaa e ɓeen, nodduɓe yo o woppu laamu, tawi gonnooɗo hooreejo leydi e tergal PDP, [[Olusegun Obasanjo]], ina jokki e wallitde mo. Ñalnde 30 oktoobar, caggal jonte ƴaañgal, Etteh woppi golle mum e hooreejo leydi. Cukko makko Babangida Nguroje kadi woppi laamu. Kono e joɗnde sakkitiinde e batu 6ɓo suudu sarɗiiji, nanondiraama wonde "alaa ko winndaa heen walla ko ñaawirdu suudu nduu, ɗo Patricia Olubunmi Etteh meeɗi ñaaweede." == Nguurndam neɗɗo == Etteh ina resndi injenieer Etteh, gorko Akwa Ibom. Ɓeeɗoo ɗiɗo ina njogii ɓiɓɓe ɗiɗo. == Himobe == [[Category:Yimɓe wuurɓe]] ne5et19v2n4jyuiyixlypwe3q32run4 175669 175668 2026-06-22T14:27:11Z Fulani215 7983 /* Golle politik */ fixed typo 175669 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Patricia Olubunmi Foluke Etteh''' (jibinaa ko 17 lewru bowte hitaande 1953) ko awokaajo e dawrugol leydi Najeriya, o woniino hooreejo 10ɓo suudu sarɗiiji leydi [[Naajeeriya]] tuggi lewru suwee haa lewru oktoobar 2007. == Nguurndam neɗɗo e jaŋde mum == Jibinaa ko ñalnde 17 lewru [[Yimɓe Yarbanko'en|bowte]] hitaande 1953 to wuro Ikire diiwaan Osun, to nokku laamu Irewole. O janngi ko feewti e coftal ɓalli e ko fayti e ɓamtaare, kono kadi o heɓi dipolomaaji sariya to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Buckingham to [[Biritaani-Mawndi|leydi Angalteer]], o noddiraa e Bar Nijeer e hitaande 2016. <ref name="nass" /> == Golle politik == Etteh woni wakiiliijo diiwal Ayyedaade/Isokan/Irewole nder [[diiwal Osun]] . O fuɗɗii suɓaade ko e hitaande 1999 ngam wonde tergal Fedde Demokaraasi (AD), kono o wayliima e lannda Demokaraasi Leƴƴi (PDP), nde o woni e dogde ngam suɓaade hooreejo leydi ndii e hitaande 2003. e jappeere hooreejo leydi ndii e dow nanondiral e lewru suwee 2007 e ndeeɗoo jappeere wonnoo tan ko e hitaande 2007 [[Siyaasa leydi Naajeeriya|Laamu leydi Najeriya]] Patricia Olubunmi darii bana maande yahdu yeeso e janngirde nder limngal siyaasaaku nder lesdi Naajeeriya. == Ko fenaande njulaagu == E lewru suwee 2007, o fotnoo ko goomu depiteeji sabu tuumeede wonde o yamiriino yoɓde 628 miliyoŋ ugiyya (fotde miliyoŋaaji 5 dolaar Amerik) ngam moƴƴinde hoɗorde makko laamu e cukko makko, e soodde otooji laamu 12 potɗi huutoreede ngam suudu sarɗiiji. Tuumeede gujjo ina njimree e makko nde o yiɗi haalde e nder suudu nduu, o yalti e worɓe kisal nde ngonka kaa wayli haa wonti jiiɓru. PDP jokki e wallitde Etteh e dow laabi, hay so tawii won terɗe mum, ko wayi no Isyaku Ibrahim, ñiŋii ndee darnde. Winndiyanke e jannginoowo, Wole Soyinka, ina jeyaa e ɓeen, nodduɓe yo o woppu laamu, tawi gonnooɗo hooreejo leydi e tergal PDP, [[Olusegun Obasanjo]], ina jokki e wallitde mo. Ñalnde 30 oktoobar, caggal jonte ƴaañgal, Etteh woppi golle mum e hooreejo leydi. Cukko makko Babangida Nguroje kadi woppi laamu. Kono e joɗnde sakkitiinde e batu 6ɓo suudu sarɗiiji, nanondiraama wonde "alaa ko winndaa heen walla ko ñaawirdu suudu nduu, ɗo Patricia Olubunmi Etteh meeɗi ñaaweede." == Nguurndam neɗɗo == Etteh ina resndi injenieer Etteh, gorko Akwa Ibom. Ɓeeɗoo ɗiɗo ina njogii ɓiɓɓe ɗiɗo. == Himobe == [[Category:Yimɓe wuurɓe]] ez31kq93jtz33ksl4yggs97dxr2hgt5 175670 175669 2026-06-22T14:27:56Z Fulani215 7983 /* Nguurndam neɗɗo e jaŋde mum */ fixed typo 175670 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Patricia Olubunmi Foluke Etteh''' (jibinaa ko 17 lewru bowte hitaande 1953) ko awokaajo e dawrugol leydi Najeriya, o woniino hooreejo 10ɓo suudu sarɗiiji leydi [[Naajeeriya]] tuggi lewru suwee haa lewru oktoobar 2007. == Nguurndam neɗɗo e jaŋde mum == Jibinaa ko ñalnde 17 lewru [[Yimɓe Yarbanko'en|bowte]] hitaande 1953 to wuro Ikire diiwaan Osun, to nokku laamu Irewole. O janngi ko feewti e coftal ɓalli e ko fayti e ɓamtaare, kono kadi o heɓi dipolomaaji sariya to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Buckingham to [[Biritaani-Mawndi|leydi Angalteer]], o noddiraa e Bar Nijeer e hitaande 2016. == Golle politik == Etteh woni wakiiliijo diiwal Ayyedaade/Isokan/Irewole nder [[diiwal Osun]] . O fuɗɗii suɓaade ko e hitaande 1999 ngam wonde tergal Fedde Demokaraasi (AD), kono o wayliima e lannda Demokaraasi Leƴƴi (PDP), nde o woni e dogde ngam suɓaade hooreejo leydi ndii e hitaande 2003. e jappeere hooreejo leydi ndii e dow nanondiral e lewru suwee 2007 e ndeeɗoo jappeere wonnoo tan ko e hitaande 2007 [[Siyaasa leydi Naajeeriya|Laamu leydi Najeriya]] Patricia Olubunmi darii bana maande yahdu yeeso e janngirde nder limngal siyaasaaku nder lesdi Naajeeriya. == Ko fenaande njulaagu == E lewru suwee 2007, o fotnoo ko goomu depiteeji sabu tuumeede wonde o yamiriino yoɓde 628 miliyoŋ ugiyya (fotde miliyoŋaaji 5 dolaar Amerik) ngam moƴƴinde hoɗorde makko laamu e cukko makko, e soodde otooji laamu 12 potɗi huutoreede ngam suudu sarɗiiji. Tuumeede gujjo ina njimree e makko nde o yiɗi haalde e nder suudu nduu, o yalti e worɓe kisal nde ngonka kaa wayli haa wonti jiiɓru. PDP jokki e wallitde Etteh e dow laabi, hay so tawii won terɗe mum, ko wayi no Isyaku Ibrahim, ñiŋii ndee darnde. Winndiyanke e jannginoowo, Wole Soyinka, ina jeyaa e ɓeen, nodduɓe yo o woppu laamu, tawi gonnooɗo hooreejo leydi e tergal PDP, [[Olusegun Obasanjo]], ina jokki e wallitde mo. Ñalnde 30 oktoobar, caggal jonte ƴaañgal, Etteh woppi golle mum e hooreejo leydi. Cukko makko Babangida Nguroje kadi woppi laamu. Kono e joɗnde sakkitiinde e batu 6ɓo suudu sarɗiiji, nanondiraama wonde "alaa ko winndaa heen walla ko ñaawirdu suudu nduu, ɗo Patricia Olubunmi Etteh meeɗi ñaaweede." == Nguurndam neɗɗo == Etteh ina resndi injenieer Etteh, gorko Akwa Ibom. Ɓeeɗoo ɗiɗo ina njogii ɓiɓɓe ɗiɗo. == Himobe == [[Category:Yimɓe wuurɓe]] hq11ebrxbizu1ki9v495b2sa7s7nrjx 0 42402 175666 2026-06-22T14:22:38Z Isa Oumar 9821 Created page with "'''Segun Adekolisten''' ko siyaasyanke Naajeeriya. O woni tergal wakiiliijo Ekiti Fombinaari/lkere/Ise/Orun nder suudu joonde diidaaɗi lesdi. O jibinaa ko ñalnde 15 suwee 1964, o jeyaa ko e diiwaan Ekiti. O suɓaama e suudu sarɗiiji e wooteeji 2015 e les njiimaandi lannda Demokaraasi Leƴƴi (PDP).<ref>{{Cite web|title=Citizen Science Nigeria|url=https://citizensciencenigeria.org/public-offices/persons/segun-adekola|access-date=2025-01-08|website=citizensciencenigeria..." 175666 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Segun Adekolisten''' ko siyaasyanke Naajeeriya. O woni tergal wakiiliijo Ekiti Fombinaari/lkere/Ise/Orun nder suudu joonde diidaaɗi lesdi. O jibinaa ko ñalnde 15 suwee 1964, o jeyaa ko e diiwaan Ekiti. O suɓaama e suudu sarɗiiji e wooteeji 2015 e les njiimaandi lannda Demokaraasi Leƴƴi (PDP).<ref>{{Cite web|title=Citizen Science Nigeria|url=https://citizensciencenigeria.org/public-offices/persons/segun-adekola|access-date=2025-01-08|website=citizensciencenigeria.org|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Hon. Segun Adekola biography, net worth, age, family, contact & picture|url=https://www.manpower.com.ng/people/16758/hon-segun-adekola|access-date=2025-01-08|website=www.manpower.com.ng}}</ref> == Tuugnorgal == hkd1o6ksy0ibc4tq4zgd57wlx3dx96w 0 42403 175671 2026-06-22T14:48:16Z Isa Oumar 9821 Created page with "'''Adetope Ademiluyi''' (HeɗtoR; jibinaa ko ñalnde 23 lewru bowte hitaande 1965) ko neɗɗo dawruɗo leydi Najeriya, gonnooɗo guwerneer diiwaan Ekiti. == Nguurndam gadano == Ademiluyi ummorii ko Aramoko-Ekiti, Ekiti-Hirnaange, diiwaan Ekiti. == Golle politik == O heɓi golle guwerneer gonɗo e nder diiwaan Ekiti ñalnde 27 lewru abriil hitaande 2007, o lomtii Tunji Olurin, guwerneer gonɗo e dow leydi hee. Ademiluyi joginoo ndeen jappeere haa ñalnde 29 mee 2007, nd..." 175671 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Adetope Ademiluyi''' (HeɗtoR; jibinaa ko ñalnde 23 lewru bowte hitaande 1965) ko neɗɗo dawruɗo leydi Najeriya, gonnooɗo guwerneer diiwaan Ekiti. == Nguurndam gadano == Ademiluyi ummorii ko Aramoko-Ekiti, Ekiti-Hirnaange, diiwaan Ekiti. == Golle politik == O heɓi golle guwerneer gonɗo e nder diiwaan Ekiti ñalnde 27 lewru abriil hitaande 2007, o lomtii Tunji Olurin, guwerneer gonɗo e dow leydi hee. Ademiluyi joginoo ndeen jappeere haa ñalnde 29 mee 2007, nde Olusegun Oni ƴetti laamu. Adetope Ademiluyi, meeɗnooɗo wonde lannda PDP, jooni ko tergal lannda APC. == Tuugnorgal == 1y34vf7g6gxvc6jniil1zp5fooo0si0 175672 175671 2026-06-22T14:49:05Z Isa Oumar 9821 175672 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}'''Adetope Ademiluyi''' (HeɗtoR; jibinaa ko ñalnde 23 lewru bowte hitaande 1965) ko neɗɗo dawruɗo leydi Najeriya, gonnooɗo guwerneer diiwaan Ekiti. == Nguurndam gadano == Ademiluyi ummorii ko Aramoko-Ekiti, Ekiti-Hirnaange, diiwaan Ekiti. == Golle politik == O heɓi golle guwerneer gonɗo e nder diiwaan Ekiti ñalnde 27 lewru abriil hitaande 2007, o lomtii Tunji Olurin, guwerneer gonɗo e dow leydi hee. Ademiluyi joginoo ndeen jappeere haa ñalnde 29 mee 2007, nde Olusegun Oni ƴetti laamu. Adetope Ademiluyi, meeɗnooɗo wonde lannda PDP, jooni ko tergal lannda APC. == Tuugnorgal == cbk98ivs5vga5sbn57wiit517okm9b3 175673 175672 2026-06-22T14:50:44Z Isa Oumar 9821 175673 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}'''Adetope Ademiluyi''' (HeɗtoR; jibinaa ko ñalnde 23 lewru bowte hitaande 1965) ko neɗɗo dawruɗo leydi Najeriya, gonnooɗo guwerneer diiwaan Ekiti.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-06-15|title=Ekiti governorship election 2022: Wetin to know about di June 18 polls|url=https://www.bbc.com/pidgin/articles/c0dvn371vxzo|access-date=2022-06-19|website=BBC News Pidgin}}</ref> == Nguurndam gadano == Ademiluyi ummorii ko Aramoko-Ekiti, Ekiti-Hirnaange, diiwaan Ekiti.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-06-15|title=Ekiti governorship election 2022: Wetin to know about di June 18 polls|url=https://www.bbc.com/pidgin/articles/c0dvn371vxzo|access-date=2022-06-19|website=BBC News Pidgin}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-06-15|title=Ekiti governorship election 2022: Wetin to know about di June 18 polls|url=https://www.bbc.com/pidgin/articles/c0dvn371vxzo|access-date=2022-06-19|website=BBC News Pidgin}}</ref> == Golle politik == O heɓi golle guwerneer gonɗo e nder diiwaan Ekiti ñalnde 27 lewru abriil hitaande 2007, o lomtii Tunji Olurin, guwerneer gonɗo e dow leydi hee. Ademiluyi joginoo ndeen jappeere haa ñalnde 29 mee 2007, nde Olusegun Oni ƴetti laamu. Adetope Ademiluyi, meeɗnooɗo wonde lannda PDP, jooni ko tergal lannda APC.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-06-15|title=Ekiti governorship election 2022: Wetin to know about di June 18 polls|url=https://www.bbc.com/pidgin/articles/c0dvn371vxzo|access-date=2022-06-19|website=BBC News Pidgin}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-06-15|title=Ekiti governorship election 2022: Wetin to know about di June 18 polls|url=https://www.bbc.com/pidgin/articles/c0dvn371vxzo|access-date=2022-06-19|website=BBC News Pidgin}}</ref> == Tuugnorgal == jv6vlksc81mramsgxq2pz376io20hcj 0 42404 175674 2026-06-22T14:54:52Z Isa Oumar 9821 Created page with "'''Peter Onyeluka''' Nwaoboshi (29 lewru juko hitaande 1958[1] – 19 lewru Duujal hitaande 2025) ko siyaasaajo leydi Naajeeriya, o laati senaateer wakiiliijo diiwal senateeruuji Delta North nder suudu senaajo leydi Naajeeriya diga hitaande 2015 haa hitaande 2023. O woppitaama ko juuti caggal nde o anndinaa wonde o suɓaama senateer e nder wooteeji mawɗi 2019 to suudu sarɗiiji leydi ndii to Abuja, caggal nde o tuumaama wonde o suɓaaka no haanirta nii e lannda makko po..." 175674 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Peter Onyeluka''' Nwaoboshi (29 lewru juko hitaande 1958[1] – 19 lewru Duujal hitaande 2025) ko siyaasaajo leydi Naajeeriya, o laati senaateer wakiiliijo diiwal senateeruuji Delta North nder suudu senaajo leydi Naajeeriya diga hitaande 2015 haa hitaande 2023. O woppitaama ko juuti caggal nde o anndinaa wonde o suɓaama senateer e nder wooteeji mawɗi 2019 to suudu sarɗiiji leydi ndii to Abuja, caggal nde o tuumaama wonde o suɓaaka no haanirta nii e lannda makko politik.<ref>{{Cite web|date=8 December 2015|title=Checkout Senator Dino Melaye Controversial Dressing To National Assembly - Gistmania|url=https://www.gistmania.com/talk/topic,279577.0.html|access-date=31 March 2019|website=www.gistmania.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=List of 83 Senators who supported Saraki in his fight against Buhari /Tinubu|url=https://scannewsnigeria.com/politics/list-of-83-senators-who-supported-saraki-in-his-fight-against-buhari-tinubu/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190331223813/https://scannewsnigeria.com/politics/list-of-83-senators-who-supported-saraki-in-his-fight-against-buhari-tinubu/|url-status=usurped|archive-date=31 March 2019|access-date=31 March 2019|website=ScanNews Nigeria|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.nigerianmonitor.com/full-list-of-newly-elected-senate-members-of-the-national-assembly/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190330115247/http://www.nigerianmonitor.com/full-list-of-newly-elected-senate-members-of-the-national-assembly/|url-status=usurped|archive-date=30 March 2019|title=Full List Of Newly-Elected Senate Members Of The National Assembly|date=4 April 2015|website=LATEST NIGERIAN NEWS BREAKING HEADLINES NEWSPAPERS|language=en-US|access-date=31 March 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/igbo/43899226|title=Sinatọ Nwaoboshi agaala mkpọrọ Ikoyi|date=25 April 2018|access-date=4 April 2019|language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Akinrogbe|first=Alex|date=1 November 2023|title=3 Delta senators victorious in Appeal Court|url=https://dailypost.ng/2023/11/01/3-delta-senators-victorious-in-appeal-court/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=24 August 2024|newspaper=[[Daily Post (Nigeria)|Daily Post]]|language=en-US}}</ref> Ñaawirde Appeal to Abuja kono wayli kuulal ngal ñalnde 30 lewru Mbooy hitaande 2019. Ñaawirde mawnde ndee wiyi wonde Ñaawirde Toownde Fedde nde ustii suɓngo makko ndee alaa baawɗe e dow haala kaa.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://punchng.com/appeal-court-sacks-ned-nwoko-reinstates-nwaoboshi-as-delta-senator-elect/|title=ICYMI: Appeal Court sacks Ned Nwoko, reinstates Nwaoboshi as Delta senator-elect|newspaper=[[The Punch]]|date=30 May 2019|language=en-US|access-date=6 June 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://saharareporters.com/2019/05/30/breaking-court-appeal-sacks-ned-nwoko-reinstates-nwoboshi|location=New York City, United States|title=BREAKING: Court Of Appeal Sacks Ned Nwoko, Reinstates Nwoboshi|date=30 May 2019|newspaper=[[Sahara Reporters]]|access-date=6 June 2019}}</ref> Nguurndam e jaŋde puɗɗagol Peter Nwaoboshi jibinaa ko hitaande 1958 to diiwaan Delta, leydi Najeriya.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Ugwu|first=Chinagorom|date=2025-12-19|title=Ex-Nigerian Senator is dead|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/844343-ex-nigerian-senator-is-dead.html?utm_source=chatgpt.com|access-date=2026-06-22|work=Premium Times|language=en-GB|issn=2360-7688}}</ref> Nwaoboshi janngi to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde jannginooɓe St.Thomas ɗo o heɓi seedantaagal makko to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Afrik hirnaange e hitaande 1976.<ref name=":02">{{Cite web|last=Network|first=Grassroots Newspapers Publishers|date=2020-06-29|title=63rd Birthday: Nwaoboshi, A Leader of Inestimable Value|url=https://www.grassrootspublishers.com/63rd-birthday-nwaoboshi-a-leader-of-inestimable-value/|access-date=2026-06-22|website=Grassroots Newspapers Publishers Network|language=en-GB}}</ref> E hitaande 1986, o heɓi bak makko to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Benin ɗo o heɓi bakkaa makko e sariya. O jogii kadi Master e sariyaaji to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Delta State.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|last=Network|first=Grassroots Newspapers Publishers|date=2020-06-29|title=63rd Birthday: Nwaoboshi, A Leader of Inestimable Value|url=https://www.grassrootspublishers.com/63rd-birthday-nwaoboshi-a-leader-of-inestimable-value/|access-date=2026-06-22|website=Grassroots Newspapers Publishers Network|language=en-GB}}</ref> == Kugal == Nwaoboshi fuɗɗii golle mum ko e hitaande 1979, ko balloowo Samuel Ogbemudia, guwerneer diiwaan Bendel mo maaynoo. Caggal ɗuum, o waɗaa hooreejo fedde laana njoorndi leydi Nijeer. E hitaande 1999, o woniino kadi jaagorgal politik to guwerneer biyeteeɗo James Ibori. E hitaande 2000, o toɗɗaa Komiseer ndema e golle teeŋtuɗe e nder diiwaan Delta ɗo o golli e oon nokku haa hitaande 2006. E hitaande 2008, o toɗɗaa hooreejo diiwaan lannda Demokaraasi yimɓe e nder diiwaan Delta. O wonii hooreejo leydi ndii e hitaande 2012 e hitaande 2014 o woppi laamu ngam tawtoreede woote senaa.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://thenationonlineng.net/delta-2015-and-spectre-of-political-violence/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|title=Delta 2015 and spectre of political violence|date=26 July 2014|newspaper=[[The Nation (Nigeria)|The Nation]]|language=en-US|access-date=31 March 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://urhobotoday.com/?p=14053|title=The Position of Urhobo Nation in 2015 General Election|date=6 November 2014|website=Urhobo Today|language=en-US|access-date=31 March 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://asaba.com/who-is-barr-peter-nwaoboshi/|title=Who is Barr. Peter Nwaoboshi?|last=Asaba|language=en-US|access-date=31 March 2019}}</ref> E hitaande 2015, o suɓaama e jappeere laamu ngam wonde senateer lomtotooɗo diiwaan senateer Delta North e nder Asaambele ngenndi Caggal ɗuum o toɗɗaa hooreejo goomu Senaa ko faati e Delta Niiseer E hitaande 2019, o suɓaama kadi e nder senaa e les njiimaandi lannda Demokaraasi yimɓe.Ñalnde 23 lewru juko hitaande 2021, PDP mo diiwaan Delta dartini Nwaoboshi ngam "golle luulndiiɗe lannda caggal nde ƴaañorgal jamaanu hakkunde Nwaoboshi e guwerneer Ifeanyi Okowa.Nwaoboshi noddi darnugol ngol "jaleeɗe" e "ko aldaa e sariya" hade mum yaltude later e PDP joys ɗiɗo e PDP days Senator Delta Ovie Omo-Agege.Punch hollitii wonde waylo-waylo Nwaoboshi ko ngam heblo ngam suɓaade cukko guwerneer diiwaan Delta == Luural woote == Ñalnde 3 lewru Abriil 2019, Ñaawirde Toownde Fedde nde to Abuja riiwti Nwaoboshi e golle senateer cuɓaaɗo e nder diiwaan senateer Delta North ngam daliilu wonde o suɓaaka no haanirta nii e nder wooteeji garooji ɗi lannda Demokaraasi Yimɓe yuɓɓini e nder diiwaan DeltaO yamiraama kadi ko ñaawoowo biyeteeɗo Ahmed Mohammed yo woppu parade hoore makko ngam wonde senaateer cuɓaaɗo. E fawaade e noddaango ngo luulndo makko waɗi e makko e nder wooteeji garooji ɗii, laamɗo Ned Nwoko[) wiyi wonde lannda People's Democratic[) hollitii wonde ko kañum woni ƴaañoowo caggal nde o fooli e wooteeji garooji ɗii, ina wiyee kadi wonde Nwoboshi ƴettii wuyɓe ngam saabaade kulhuli mawɗi e ƴaañde de8at2 makko. Ñalnde 4 abriil 2019, Nwaoboshi wullitii ñaawoore ndee ngam riiwtude mo e golle senaateer cuɓaaɗo. Ñalnde 17 abriil 2019, Ñaawirde Toownde Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe to Abuja salii eeraango Nwaoboshi ngam yaltinde yamiroore restriction to Komiseer ngenndiijo wooteeji jeytaare, wiyde wonde ɗum yaltii e juɓɓule mum sabu ñaawirde Appeal ina joginoo kuulal ngal, ko ɗum waɗi ñaawirde Mahmud Mohammed seedantaagal wonde Komiseer jeytaare ngenndiijo E wartugo hokkaama Nwaoboshi e hokkugo seedantaagal kesal haa laamiiɗo Ned Nwoko. Hay so tawii jooni ko kanko woni senaateer Delta worgo. Ñalnde 11 lewru Mbooy hitaande 2019, Komiseer ngenndiijo jeytaare woote itti seedantaagal gartugol ngal Nwaoboshi rokki Seedantaagal ngal artiraa ko nde kuulal ñaawirdu ngal waylaa. == Bills ballitooje == E hitaande 2016, Nwaoboshi wallitorii kuulal « Kuulal jowitiingal e kuule jowitiiɗe e njuɓɓudi laamu (SB 248) ». Eɓɓaande ndee waɗii jaŋngo mum adanngo kono nde meeɗaa siyneede walla waɗeede e sariya Tuumeede fenaande ₦322 miliyoŋ ñaawoore fenaande e kaalis E lewru abriil 2018, Komiseer toppitiiɗo bonanndeeji faggudu e kaalis ñaawii Nwaoboshi e tuumeede fenaande e njulaagu kaalis. Ñaawirde ndee wiyi sosiyeteeji Nwaoboshi coodii galle Lagos e ₦805 miliyoŋ e hitaande 2014 tawi ina nganndi ₦322 miliyoŋ njoɓdi ndii huutortee ko e laawol ; Nwaoboshi yeddi haalaaji ɗi, o naati e ñaawoore nde alaa ko o waɗi.E lewru Juko hitaande 2021, Nwaoboshi laɓɓinaama e tuumeede fenaande e fenaande kaalis caggal nde hooreejo ñaawirdu Chukwujekwu Aneke wiyi EFCC waawaano hollirde tuumeede ɗee, tuugnii ko e haalaaji nanngooji. EFCC wiyi maa ɓe ñaaw kuulal ngal Bayyinaango jawdi fenaande E lewru abriil 2016, winndannde Sahara Reporters tuumi Nwaoboshi heɓde e nder ngonkaaji tuumeteeɗi, caggal ɗuum o waawaa hollirde jeyi Lagos mo o jogii. Galle oo ko laamu diiwaan Delta jeyi ɗum hade mum yeeyde Nwaoboshi e coggu ngu sikkaani so ina famɗi e Nwaoboshi bayyinaani jeyi mum no sariya yamiri nii. Ciimtol ngol ari ko e mbaydi nde Nwaoboshi wallitorii waylo-waylo weeyo ngo nganndu-ɗaa ina yiɗi leefɗinde sariyaaji luulndiiɗi fenaande, winndannde ndee hollitii wonde ballal makko ina waawi wonde ngam haɗde Biro toppitiiɗo ko fayti e njuɓɓudi (Code of Conduct Bureau) ñaawde mo E lewru suwee 2019, ñaawoore waɗaama e dow Nwaoboshi sabu waasde hollirde jawdi mum goonga caggal nde wiɗto waɗaango e fedde toppitiinde wiɗto hooreejo leydi ndi (SPIP) nde tuumi Nwaoboshi waasde hollirde jeyi mum e konte tati Sterling BankE lewru sulyee 2018, SPIP siifi e sahaa gooto jawdi Nwaoboshi keewndi ina heen haa 14 jawdi e 22 konte banke Skandal kontraaji NDDC E lewru suwee 2020, Komisiyoŋ ƴellitaare Delta Niger tuumi Nwaoboshi huutoraade sosiyeteeji 11 yeeso ngam fooɗtude Komisiyoŋ oo e nder ₦3,6 miliyaar kaalis kontraaji e lewru suwee 2016 Ardiiɗo leñol tokosol So tawii tuume ɗee ina njeyaa e luural ɓurngal yaajde hakkunde Akpabio e Asaambele ngenndi, tuumeede Nwaoboshi ina wiyee “caɗeele goote ɓurɗe mawnude e loppitgol jawdi komisiyoŋ oo” ko Charles Odili, kaalirde NDDC, inniri ɗum == Koolkisagol == Ñaawirde kuuge winndereere ñalnde 1 sulyee 2022, tawi Nwaoboshi ina waɗi ñaawoore fenaande, ñaawii mo duuɓi jeeɗiɗi kasoo e sara sosiyeteeji makko ɗiɗi Golden Touch Construction Project Ltd e Suiming Electrical Ltd Komiseer bonanndeeji kaalis. Ñaawirde Appeal hollitii wonde ina woodi nafoore e ɗaɓɓaande EFCC ndee, tee Nwaoboshi waawaano hollirde ñaawirde ndee wonde o waɗaani bonannde ndee == Wade == Nwaoboshi maayi caggal rafi juutɗo ñalnde 19 lewru Duujal hitaande 2025, ina yahra e duuɓi 67 {{Databox}}Tuugnorgal hk3ksw78pl3lp7tkiyp5mnkpgv78ag6 175675 175674 2026-06-22T14:56:31Z Isa Oumar 9821 175675 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}'''Peter Onyeluka''' Nwaoboshi (29 lewru juko hitaande 1958[1] – 19 lewru Duujal hitaande 2025) ko siyaasaajo leydi Naajeeriya, o laati senaateer wakiiliijo diiwal senateeruuji Delta North nder suudu senaajo leydi Naajeeriya diga hitaande 2015 haa hitaande 2023. O woppitaama ko juuti caggal nde o anndinaa wonde o suɓaama senateer e nder wooteeji mawɗi 2019 to suudu sarɗiiji leydi ndii to Abuja, caggal nde o tuumaama wonde o suɓaaka no haanirta nii e lannda makko politik.<ref>{{Cite web|date=8 December 2015|title=Checkout Senator Dino Melaye Controversial Dressing To National Assembly - Gistmania|url=https://www.gistmania.com/talk/topic,279577.0.html|access-date=31 March 2019|website=www.gistmania.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=List of 83 Senators who supported Saraki in his fight against Buhari /Tinubu|url=https://scannewsnigeria.com/politics/list-of-83-senators-who-supported-saraki-in-his-fight-against-buhari-tinubu/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190331223813/https://scannewsnigeria.com/politics/list-of-83-senators-who-supported-saraki-in-his-fight-against-buhari-tinubu/|url-status=usurped|archive-date=31 March 2019|access-date=31 March 2019|website=ScanNews Nigeria|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.nigerianmonitor.com/full-list-of-newly-elected-senate-members-of-the-national-assembly/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190330115247/http://www.nigerianmonitor.com/full-list-of-newly-elected-senate-members-of-the-national-assembly/|url-status=usurped|archive-date=30 March 2019|title=Full List Of Newly-Elected Senate Members Of The National Assembly|date=4 April 2015|website=LATEST NIGERIAN NEWS BREAKING HEADLINES NEWSPAPERS|language=en-US|access-date=31 March 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/igbo/43899226|title=Sinatọ Nwaoboshi agaala mkpọrọ Ikoyi|date=25 April 2018|access-date=4 April 2019|language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Akinrogbe|first=Alex|date=1 November 2023|title=3 Delta senators victorious in Appeal Court|url=https://dailypost.ng/2023/11/01/3-delta-senators-victorious-in-appeal-court/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=24 August 2024|newspaper=[[Daily Post (Nigeria)|Daily Post]]|language=en-US}}</ref> Ñaawirde Appeal to Abuja kono wayli kuulal ngal ñalnde 30 lewru Mbooy hitaande 2019. Ñaawirde mawnde ndee wiyi wonde Ñaawirde Toownde Fedde nde ustii suɓngo makko ndee alaa baawɗe e dow haala kaa.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://punchng.com/appeal-court-sacks-ned-nwoko-reinstates-nwaoboshi-as-delta-senator-elect/|title=ICYMI: Appeal Court sacks Ned Nwoko, reinstates Nwaoboshi as Delta senator-elect|newspaper=[[The Punch]]|date=30 May 2019|language=en-US|access-date=6 June 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://saharareporters.com/2019/05/30/breaking-court-appeal-sacks-ned-nwoko-reinstates-nwoboshi|location=New York City, United States|title=BREAKING: Court Of Appeal Sacks Ned Nwoko, Reinstates Nwoboshi|date=30 May 2019|newspaper=[[Sahara Reporters]]|access-date=6 June 2019}}</ref> Nguurndam e jaŋde puɗɗagol Peter Nwaoboshi jibinaa ko hitaande 1958 to diiwaan Delta, leydi Najeriya.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Ugwu|first=Chinagorom|date=2025-12-19|title=Ex-Nigerian Senator is dead|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/844343-ex-nigerian-senator-is-dead.html?utm_source=chatgpt.com|access-date=2026-06-22|work=Premium Times|language=en-GB|issn=2360-7688}}</ref> Nwaoboshi janngi to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde jannginooɓe St.Thomas ɗo o heɓi seedantaagal makko to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Afrik hirnaange e hitaande 1976.<ref name=":02">{{Cite web|last=Network|first=Grassroots Newspapers Publishers|date=2020-06-29|title=63rd Birthday: Nwaoboshi, A Leader of Inestimable Value|url=https://www.grassrootspublishers.com/63rd-birthday-nwaoboshi-a-leader-of-inestimable-value/|access-date=2026-06-22|website=Grassroots Newspapers Publishers Network|language=en-GB}}</ref> E hitaande 1986, o heɓi bak makko to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Benin ɗo o heɓi bakkaa makko e sariya. O jogii kadi Master e sariyaaji to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Delta State.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|last=Network|first=Grassroots Newspapers Publishers|date=2020-06-29|title=63rd Birthday: Nwaoboshi, A Leader of Inestimable Value|url=https://www.grassrootspublishers.com/63rd-birthday-nwaoboshi-a-leader-of-inestimable-value/|access-date=2026-06-22|website=Grassroots Newspapers Publishers Network|language=en-GB}}</ref> == Kugal == Nwaoboshi fuɗɗii golle mum ko e hitaande 1979, ko balloowo Samuel Ogbemudia, guwerneer diiwaan Bendel mo maaynoo. Caggal ɗuum, o waɗaa hooreejo fedde laana njoorndi leydi Nijeer. E hitaande 1999, o woniino kadi jaagorgal politik to guwerneer biyeteeɗo James Ibori. E hitaande 2000, o toɗɗaa Komiseer ndema e golle teeŋtuɗe e nder diiwaan Delta ɗo o golli e oon nokku haa hitaande 2006. E hitaande 2008, o toɗɗaa hooreejo diiwaan lannda Demokaraasi yimɓe e nder diiwaan Delta. O wonii hooreejo leydi ndii e hitaande 2012 e hitaande 2014 o woppi laamu ngam tawtoreede woote senaa.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://thenationonlineng.net/delta-2015-and-spectre-of-political-violence/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|title=Delta 2015 and spectre of political violence|date=26 July 2014|newspaper=[[The Nation (Nigeria)|The Nation]]|language=en-US|access-date=31 March 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://urhobotoday.com/?p=14053|title=The Position of Urhobo Nation in 2015 General Election|date=6 November 2014|website=Urhobo Today|language=en-US|access-date=31 March 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://asaba.com/who-is-barr-peter-nwaoboshi/|title=Who is Barr. Peter Nwaoboshi?|last=Asaba|language=en-US|access-date=31 March 2019}}</ref> E hitaande 2015, o suɓaama e jappeere laamu ngam wonde senateer lomtotooɗo diiwaan senateer Delta North e nder Asaambele ngenndi Caggal ɗuum o toɗɗaa hooreejo goomu Senaa ko faati e Delta Niiseer E hitaande 2019, o suɓaama kadi e nder senaa e les njiimaandi lannda Demokaraasi yimɓe.Ñalnde 23 lewru juko hitaande 2021, PDP mo diiwaan Delta dartini Nwaoboshi ngam "golle luulndiiɗe lannda caggal nde ƴaañorgal jamaanu hakkunde Nwaoboshi e guwerneer Ifeanyi Okowa.Nwaoboshi noddi darnugol ngol "jaleeɗe" e "ko aldaa e sariya" hade mum yaltude later e PDP joys ɗiɗo e PDP days Senator Delta Ovie Omo-Agege.Punch hollitii wonde waylo-waylo Nwaoboshi ko ngam heblo ngam suɓaade cukko guwerneer diiwaan Delta == Luural woote == Ñalnde 3 lewru Abriil 2019, Ñaawirde Toownde Fedde nde to Abuja riiwti Nwaoboshi e golle senateer cuɓaaɗo e nder diiwaan senateer Delta North ngam daliilu wonde o suɓaaka no haanirta nii e nder wooteeji garooji ɗi lannda Demokaraasi Yimɓe yuɓɓini e nder diiwaan DeltaO yamiraama kadi ko ñaawoowo biyeteeɗo Ahmed Mohammed yo woppu parade hoore makko ngam wonde senaateer cuɓaaɗo. E fawaade e noddaango ngo luulndo makko waɗi e makko e nder wooteeji garooji ɗii, laamɗo Ned Nwoko[) wiyi wonde lannda People's Democratic[) hollitii wonde ko kañum woni ƴaañoowo caggal nde o fooli e wooteeji garooji ɗii, ina wiyee kadi wonde Nwoboshi ƴettii wuyɓe ngam saabaade kulhuli mawɗi e ƴaañde de8at2 makko. Ñalnde 4 abriil 2019, Nwaoboshi wullitii ñaawoore ndee ngam riiwtude mo e golle senaateer cuɓaaɗo. Ñalnde 17 abriil 2019, Ñaawirde Toownde Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe to Abuja salii eeraango Nwaoboshi ngam yaltinde yamiroore restriction to Komiseer ngenndiijo wooteeji jeytaare, wiyde wonde ɗum yaltii e juɓɓule mum sabu ñaawirde Appeal ina joginoo kuulal ngal, ko ɗum waɗi ñaawirde Mahmud Mohammed seedantaagal wonde Komiseer jeytaare ngenndiijo E wartugo hokkaama Nwaoboshi e hokkugo seedantaagal kesal haa laamiiɗo Ned Nwoko. Hay so tawii jooni ko kanko woni senaateer Delta worgo. Ñalnde 11 lewru Mbooy hitaande 2019, Komiseer ngenndiijo jeytaare woote itti seedantaagal gartugol ngal Nwaoboshi rokki Seedantaagal ngal artiraa ko nde kuulal ñaawirdu ngal waylaa. == Bills ballitooje == E hitaande 2016, Nwaoboshi wallitorii kuulal « Kuulal jowitiingal e kuule jowitiiɗe e njuɓɓudi laamu (SB 248) ». Eɓɓaande ndee waɗii jaŋngo mum adanngo kono nde meeɗaa siyneede walla waɗeede e sariya Tuumeede fenaande ₦322 miliyoŋ ñaawoore fenaande e kaalis E lewru abriil 2018, Komiseer toppitiiɗo bonanndeeji faggudu e kaalis ñaawii Nwaoboshi e tuumeede fenaande e njulaagu kaalis. Ñaawirde ndee wiyi sosiyeteeji Nwaoboshi coodii galle Lagos e ₦805 miliyoŋ e hitaande 2014 tawi ina nganndi ₦322 miliyoŋ njoɓdi ndii huutortee ko e laawol ; Nwaoboshi yeddi haalaaji ɗi, o naati e ñaawoore nde alaa ko o waɗi.E lewru Juko hitaande 2021, Nwaoboshi laɓɓinaama e tuumeede fenaande e fenaande kaalis caggal nde hooreejo ñaawirdu Chukwujekwu Aneke wiyi EFCC waawaano hollirde tuumeede ɗee, tuugnii ko e haalaaji nanngooji. EFCC wiyi maa ɓe ñaaw kuulal ngal Bayyinaango jawdi fenaande E lewru abriil 2016, winndannde Sahara Reporters tuumi Nwaoboshi heɓde e nder ngonkaaji tuumeteeɗi, caggal ɗuum o waawaa hollirde jeyi Lagos mo o jogii. Galle oo ko laamu diiwaan Delta jeyi ɗum hade mum yeeyde Nwaoboshi e coggu ngu sikkaani so ina famɗi e Nwaoboshi bayyinaani jeyi mum no sariya yamiri nii. Ciimtol ngol ari ko e mbaydi nde Nwaoboshi wallitorii waylo-waylo weeyo ngo nganndu-ɗaa ina yiɗi leefɗinde sariyaaji luulndiiɗi fenaande, winndannde ndee hollitii wonde ballal makko ina waawi wonde ngam haɗde Biro toppitiiɗo ko fayti e njuɓɓudi (Code of Conduct Bureau) ñaawde mo E lewru suwee 2019, ñaawoore waɗaama e dow Nwaoboshi sabu waasde hollirde jawdi mum goonga caggal nde wiɗto waɗaango e fedde toppitiinde wiɗto hooreejo leydi ndi (SPIP) nde tuumi Nwaoboshi waasde hollirde jeyi mum e konte tati Sterling BankE lewru sulyee 2018, SPIP siifi e sahaa gooto jawdi Nwaoboshi keewndi ina heen haa 14 jawdi e 22 konte banke Skandal kontraaji NDDC E lewru suwee 2020, Komisiyoŋ ƴellitaare Delta Niger tuumi Nwaoboshi huutoraade sosiyeteeji 11 yeeso ngam fooɗtude Komisiyoŋ oo e nder ₦3,6 miliyaar kaalis kontraaji e lewru suwee 2016 Ardiiɗo leñol tokosol So tawii tuume ɗee ina njeyaa e luural ɓurngal yaajde hakkunde Akpabio e Asaambele ngenndi, tuumeede Nwaoboshi ina wiyee “caɗeele goote ɓurɗe mawnude e loppitgol jawdi komisiyoŋ oo” ko Charles Odili, kaalirde NDDC, inniri ɗum == Koolkisagol == Ñaawirde kuuge winndereere ñalnde 1 sulyee 2022, tawi Nwaoboshi ina waɗi ñaawoore fenaande, ñaawii mo duuɓi jeeɗiɗi kasoo e sara sosiyeteeji makko ɗiɗi Golden Touch Construction Project Ltd e Suiming Electrical Ltd Komiseer bonanndeeji kaalis. Ñaawirde Appeal hollitii wonde ina woodi nafoore e ɗaɓɓaande EFCC ndee, tee Nwaoboshi waawaano hollirde ñaawirde ndee wonde o waɗaani bonannde ndee == Wade == Nwaoboshi maayi caggal rafi juutɗo ñalnde 19 lewru Duujal hitaande 2025, ina yahra e duuɓi 67 {{Databox}}Tuugnorgal 226o4qtlzj15hqaokfn6as1xxlnxo83 0 42405 175678 2026-06-22T15:20:43Z Isa Oumar 9821 Created page with "'''waoboshi bayyinaani''' jeyi mum no sariya yamiri nii. Ciimtol ngol ari ko e mbaydi nde Nwaoboshi wallitorii waylo-waylo weeyo ngo nganndu-ɗaa ina yiɗi leefɗinde sariyaaji luulndiiɗi fenaande, winndannde ndee hollitii wonde ballal makko ina waawi wonde ngam haɗde Biro toppitiiɗo ko fayti e njuɓɓudi (Code of Conduct Bureau) ñaawde mo,<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.vanguardngr.com/2014/01/delta-2015-yes-support-power-shift-ochei/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|title=D..." 175678 wikitext text/x-wiki '''waoboshi bayyinaani''' jeyi mum no sariya yamiri nii. Ciimtol ngol ari ko e mbaydi nde Nwaoboshi wallitorii waylo-waylo weeyo ngo nganndu-ɗaa ina yiɗi leefɗinde sariyaaji luulndiiɗi fenaande, winndannde ndee hollitii wonde ballal makko ina waawi wonde ngam haɗde Biro toppitiiɗo ko fayti e njuɓɓudi (Code of Conduct Bureau) ñaawde mo,<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.vanguardngr.com/2014/01/delta-2015-yes-support-power-shift-ochei/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|title=Delta 2015: Yes, I support power shift — Ochei|date=2014-01-14|author=Vanguardngr|accessdate=2014-01-14|newspaper=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]]}}</ref> E lewru suwee 2019, ñaawoore waɗaama e dow Nwaoboshi sabu waasde hollirde jawdi mum goonga caggal nde wiɗto waɗaango e fedde toppitiinde wiɗto hooreejo leydi ndi (SPIP) nde tuumi Nwaoboshi waasde hollirde jeyi mum e konte tati Sterling Bank .<ref>{{cite web|url=http://sport.ng.msn.com/local-sport/victor-ochei-tourney-set-for-lagos|title=Victor Ochei tourney set for Lagos|date=2014-08-02|work=MSN News|author=MSN News|accessdate=2014-08-02}}{{Dead link|date=November 2019|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}</ref>E lewru sulyee 2018, SPIP siifi e sahaa gooto jawdi Nwaoboshi keewndi ina heen haa 14 jawdi e 22 konte banke.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://sport.ng.msn.com/local-sport/victor-ochei-tourney-set-for-lagos|title=Victor Ochei tourney set for Lagos|date=2014-08-02|work=MSN News|author=MSN News|accessdate=2014-08-02}}{{Dead link|date=November 2019|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}</ref> == Skandal kontraaji NDDC == E lewru suwee 2020, Komisiyoŋ ƴellitaare Delta Niger tuumi Nwaoboshi huutoraade sosiyeteeji 11 yeeso ngam fooɗtude Komisiyoŋ oo e nder ₦3,6 miliyaar kaalis kontraaji e lewru suwee 2016 Ardiiɗo leñol tokosol .<ref>{{cite web|url=http://sport.ng.msn.com/local-sport/victor-ochei-tourney-set-for-lagos|title=Victor Ochei tourney set for Lagos|date=2014-08-02|work=MSN News|author=MSN News|accessdate=2014-08-02}}{{Dead link|date=November 2019|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}</ref>So tawii tuume ɗee ina njeyaa e luural ɓurngal yaajde hakkunde Akpabio e Asaambele ngenndi, tuumeede Nwaoboshi ina wiyee “caɗeele goote ɓurɗe mawnude e loppitgol jawdi komisiyoŋ oo” ko Charles Odili, kaalirde NDDC, inniri ɗum.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://sport.ng.msn.com/local-sport/victor-ochei-tourney-set-for-lagos|title=Victor Ochei tourney set for Lagos|date=2014-08-02|work=MSN News|author=MSN News|accessdate=2014-08-02}}{{Dead link|date=November 2019|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}</ref> == Koolkisagol == Ñaawirde kuuge winndereere ñalnde 1 sulyee 2022, tawi Nwaoboshi ina waɗi ñaawoore fenaande, ñaawii mo duuɓi jeeɗiɗi kasoo e sara sosiyeteeji makko ɗiɗi Golden Touch Construction Project Ltd e Suiming Electrical Ltd Komiseer bonanndeeji kaalis. Ñaawirde Appeal hollitii wonde ina woodi nafoore e ɗaɓɓaande EFCC ndee, tee Nwaoboshi waawaano hollirde ñaawirde ndee wonde o waɗaani bonannde ndee.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://sport.ng.msn.com/local-sport/victor-ochei-tourney-set-for-lagos|title=Victor Ochei tourney set for Lagos|date=2014-08-02|work=MSN News|author=MSN News|accessdate=2014-08-02}}{{Dead link|date=November 2019|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}</ref> == Wade == Nwaoboshi maayi caggal rafi juutɗo ñalnde 19 lewru Duujal hitaande 2025, ina yahra e duuɓi 67.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://sport.ng.msn.com/local-sport/victor-ochei-tourney-set-for-lagos|title=Victor Ochei tourney set for Lagos|date=2014-08-02|work=MSN News|author=MSN News|accessdate=2014-08-02}}{{Dead link|date=November 2019|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}</ref> {{Databox}}Tuugnorgal 8aph7tfl05biklj3368i0ttms1k6s5r 0 42406 175679 2026-06-22T15:22:41Z Isa Oumar 9821 Created page with "'''Kay Williamson''' (26 lewru Yarkomaa 1935, Hereford, Angalteer – 3 lewru Yarkomaa 2005, Beresiil), jibinaa ko Ruth Margaret Williamson, ko ganndo ɗemngal keɓtinaaɗo e jaŋde ɗemɗe Afrik, haa teeŋti noon e ɗemɗe Delta Niiseer to Nijeer, ɗo o wuuri fotde duuɓi capanɗe joyi. O innitiraa ko "Yumma ɗemɗe Naajeeriya", kadi o teskiima e ƴettude alkule Pan-Naajeeriya.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Bamgbose|first=Ayo|date=2005-03-01|title=Obituary: Kay Williamson|langua..." 175679 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kay Williamson''' (26 lewru Yarkomaa 1935, Hereford, Angalteer – 3 lewru Yarkomaa 2005, Beresiil), jibinaa ko Ruth Margaret Williamson, ko ganndo ɗemngal keɓtinaaɗo e jaŋde ɗemɗe Afrik, haa teeŋti noon e ɗemɗe Delta Niiseer to Nijeer, ɗo o wuuri fotde duuɓi capanɗe joyi. O innitiraa ko "Yumma ɗemɗe Naajeeriya", kadi o teskiima e ƴettude alkule Pan-Naajeeriya.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Bamgbose|first=Ayo|date=2005-03-01|title=Obituary: Kay Williamson|language=en-GB|work=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/news/2005/mar/01/guardianobituaries1|access-date=2020-06-08|issn=0261-3077}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Memorial Events for Professor Kay (Ruth) Williamson|url=http://rogerblench.info/KWEF/KW%20Biography/Kay%20Williamson%20life%20RMB.htm|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120223214545/http://rogerblench.info/KWEF/KW%20Biography/Kay%20Williamson%20life%20RMB.htm|archive-date=February 23, 2012|access-date=2013-06-15}}</ref> == Nguurndam gadano == Kay Williamson jibinaa ko to wuro wiyeteengo Hereford, to leydi Angalteer, ɗo o wuuri duuɓi 18 gadani nguurndam makko. Ko kanko woni mawɗo e ɓiɓɓe njeegomo. Baaba makko, hono Alfred Henry Williamson, ganndiraaɗo kadi Harry, ko kañum sosi duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Wyevale. Baaba makko e yumma makko, Harriett Eileen Williamson, mbaɗti cuuɗi cafrirɗi Wyevale ɗii, mbaɗti ɗum en gooto e cate ɓurɗe mawnude e nder Orop. Williamson janngi to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde sukaaɓe rewɓe Hereford e duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde St Hilda, Oxford, ɗo o heɓi BA e ɗemngal Engele e hitaande 1956, o rewi heen MA e hitaande 1960.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Bamgbose|first=Ayo|date=2005-03-01|title=Obituary: Kay Williamson|language=en-GB|work=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/news/2005/mar/01/guardianobituaries1|access-date=2020-06-08|issn=0261-3077}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Bamgbose|first=Ayo|date=2005-03-01|title=Obituary: Kay Williamson|language=en-GB|work=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/news/2005/mar/01/guardianobituaries1|access-date=2020-06-08|issn=0261-3077}}</ref> == Kugal == Binndanɗe makko keewɗe ina mbaɗi grammar e dictionnaire ɗemngal Ijo, dictionnaire Igbo e binndanɗe keewɗe dow toɓɓe ceertuɗe. Kay Williamson ina anndiranoo jogaade hakkille e darnde renndo e nder ganndal ɗemɗe. O yaakorii no feewi wonde ganndo ɗemngal ina foti wallude haalooɓe ɗemɗe wiɗto makko ɗee ngam waɗde binndanɗe e ɗemɗe mum en.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Memorial Events for Professor Kay (Ruth) Williamson|url=http://rogerblench.info/KWEF/KW%20Biography/Kay%20Williamson%20life%20RMB.htm|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120223214545/http://rogerblench.info/KWEF/KW%20Biography/Kay%20Williamson%20life%20RMB.htm|archive-date=February 23, 2012|access-date=2013-06-15}}</ref>O waɗii feccere mawnde e waktu makko e eɓɓaande Rivers Readers Project, woni gollal baɗaangal ngam naatnude jaŋde e binndol e nder duɗe leslese fotde 20 ɗemngal walla ɗemɗe e nder nokku ɓurɗo heewde haalooɓe Ijo. Ko ɗum huunde nde Williamson e gollodiiɓe mum mbaɗi, defte keewɗe (ina heen defte teskinɗe, janngooɓe, binndanɗe jannginooɓe, defte binndol, e mooftugol taali leñol). E hitaande 2002, o toɗɗaa porfeseer UNESCO to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Port Harcourt, o wonii heen golle haa o maayi. Golle makko ɗe njaltinaaka ɗee, ko Roger Blench woni e ƴellitde ɗum en. == Nguurndam caggal == Williamson mawni ko e diine Methodist kono o wonti Quaker e fuɗɗoode kitaale 1990, caggal ɗuum o ƴetti golle jam no feewi. O sankii ko e duuɓi 69 to leydi Beresiil ñalnde 3 lewru bowte hitaande 2005.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Memorial Events for Professor Kay (Ruth) Williamson|url=http://rogerblench.info/KWEF/KW%20Biography/Kay%20Williamson%20life%20RMB.htm|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120223214545/http://rogerblench.info/KWEF/KW%20Biography/Kay%20Williamson%20life%20RMB.htm|archive-date=February 23, 2012|access-date=2013-06-15}}</ref> Fooyre janngirde Kay Williamson sosaa ngam wallugo kuuɗe nder ɗemɗe Naajeeriya. * Binndanɗe mawɗe * Wiliyamson, Kay. 1965 (2ɓo 1969). Naatgol e ɗemngal Kolokoma Ịjọ. (Denndaangal ɗemɗe Afrik hirnaange, 2.) Londres: Jaaynde Jaaɓi-haaɗtirde Cambridge 2011: <nowiki>ISBN 0521175267</nowiki> * Wiliyamson, Kay, e Kiyosi Simizu (ƴeewndo). 1968. Doggol kelme nannditooje Benue-Kongo: Toɓɓere I. Ibadan: Fedde ɗemɗe Afrik hirnaange. * 1972. Saggitorde Igbo-Engele. Benin: Fedde bayyinoowo defte Ecoppi. * Wiliyamson, Kay (moƴƴi). 1973. Doggol kelme nannditooje Benue-Kongo: Toɓɓere II. Ibadan: Fedde ɗemɗe Afrik hirnaange. * 1983. Binndi ɗemɗe Najeriya: Deftere II. Lagos: Catal ɗemɗe ngenndiije, ministeer jaŋde fedde nde. * Wiliyamson, Kay, e A. O. Timitimi (winndinooɓe). 1983. Saggitorde Ịzọn-Engele juutnde. (Seeri Delta No. 3.) Port Harkot: Duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Port Harkot. <nowiki>ISBN 978-2321-09-5</nowiki>, <nowiki>ISBN 978-978-2321-09-1</nowiki> * Wiliyamson, Kay. 1984. Ortogaraafi kuuɓtodinɗo e nder leydi Najeriya. Ibadan: Defte janngirɗe Heinemann. * Wiliyamson, Kay. 1971. "Ɗemɗe Benue-Kongo e Ịjọ". E nder: Jaambaraagal hannde e nder ganndal ɗemɗe, Vol. 7, limre ed. ko T. A. Sebeok winndi, 245-306. * Wiliyamson, Kay. 1979. "Ɗemɗe tokoose e nder jaŋde leslesre: Eɓɓoore janngooɓe maayooji ko daartol". Ɗemɗe Afrik/Ɗemɗe Afriknaaɓe 5:2. 95-105. * Wiliyamson, Kay. 1989. "Yiyngo Niiseer-Konngo". E nder: Ɗemɗe Niiseer-Konngo, ed. ko Yuhanna Bendor-Samuwel winndi, 3-45. Jaaynde duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Amerik. ISBN ko 0819173754 * Wiliyamson, Kay. 1989. "Yiyngo Benue-Konngo". E nder: Ɗemɗe Niiseer-Konngo, ed. ko John Bendor-Samuwel winndi, 246-274. Jaaynde duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Amerik. ISBN ko 0819173754 * Wiliyamson, Kay, e Roger Blench. 2000. "Niiseer-Konngo". E nder: Ɗemɗe Afrik: Naatgol, ed. B. Heine e D. Infirmiyee, Faandaare 2, 11-42. Kambridge: Duɗal jaaɓi-haaɗtirde Kambridge. ISBN ko 0521661781<ref>{{Cite web|title=Memorial Events for Professor Kay (Ruth) Williamson|url=http://rogerblench.info/KWEF/KWBio/Kay%20Williamson%20life%20RMB.htm|access-date=2020-06-08|website=rogerblench.info}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Memorial Events for Professor Kay (Ruth) Williamson|url=http://rogerblench.info/KWEF/KWBio/Kay%20Williamson%20life%20RMB.htm|access-date=2020-06-08|website=rogerblench.info}}</ref> == Tuugnorgal == 2dvu1hxxcgpjpkqa724npq0oetsz6t6 175680 175679 2026-06-22T15:23:11Z Isa Oumar 9821 175680 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}'''Kay Williamson''' (26 lewru Yarkomaa 1935, Hereford, Angalteer – 3 lewru Yarkomaa 2005, Beresiil), jibinaa ko Ruth Margaret Williamson, ko ganndo ɗemngal keɓtinaaɗo e jaŋde ɗemɗe Afrik, haa teeŋti noon e ɗemɗe Delta Niiseer to Nijeer, ɗo o wuuri fotde duuɓi capanɗe joyi. O innitiraa ko "Yumma ɗemɗe Naajeeriya", kadi o teskiima e ƴettude alkule Pan-Naajeeriya.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Bamgbose|first=Ayo|date=2005-03-01|title=Obituary: Kay Williamson|language=en-GB|work=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/news/2005/mar/01/guardianobituaries1|access-date=2020-06-08|issn=0261-3077}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Memorial Events for Professor Kay (Ruth) Williamson|url=http://rogerblench.info/KWEF/KW%20Biography/Kay%20Williamson%20life%20RMB.htm|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120223214545/http://rogerblench.info/KWEF/KW%20Biography/Kay%20Williamson%20life%20RMB.htm|archive-date=February 23, 2012|access-date=2013-06-15}}</ref> == Nguurndam gadano == Kay Williamson jibinaa ko to wuro wiyeteengo Hereford, to leydi Angalteer, ɗo o wuuri duuɓi 18 gadani nguurndam makko. Ko kanko woni mawɗo e ɓiɓɓe njeegomo. Baaba makko, hono Alfred Henry Williamson, ganndiraaɗo kadi Harry, ko kañum sosi duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Wyevale. Baaba makko e yumma makko, Harriett Eileen Williamson, mbaɗti cuuɗi cafrirɗi Wyevale ɗii, mbaɗti ɗum en gooto e cate ɓurɗe mawnude e nder Orop. Williamson janngi to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde sukaaɓe rewɓe Hereford e duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde St Hilda, Oxford, ɗo o heɓi BA e ɗemngal Engele e hitaande 1956, o rewi heen MA e hitaande 1960.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Bamgbose|first=Ayo|date=2005-03-01|title=Obituary: Kay Williamson|language=en-GB|work=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/news/2005/mar/01/guardianobituaries1|access-date=2020-06-08|issn=0261-3077}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Bamgbose|first=Ayo|date=2005-03-01|title=Obituary: Kay Williamson|language=en-GB|work=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/news/2005/mar/01/guardianobituaries1|access-date=2020-06-08|issn=0261-3077}}</ref> == Kugal == Binndanɗe makko keewɗe ina mbaɗi grammar e dictionnaire ɗemngal Ijo, dictionnaire Igbo e binndanɗe keewɗe dow toɓɓe ceertuɗe. Kay Williamson ina anndiranoo jogaade hakkille e darnde renndo e nder ganndal ɗemɗe. O yaakorii no feewi wonde ganndo ɗemngal ina foti wallude haalooɓe ɗemɗe wiɗto makko ɗee ngam waɗde binndanɗe e ɗemɗe mum en.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Memorial Events for Professor Kay (Ruth) Williamson|url=http://rogerblench.info/KWEF/KW%20Biography/Kay%20Williamson%20life%20RMB.htm|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120223214545/http://rogerblench.info/KWEF/KW%20Biography/Kay%20Williamson%20life%20RMB.htm|archive-date=February 23, 2012|access-date=2013-06-15}}</ref>O waɗii feccere mawnde e waktu makko e eɓɓaande Rivers Readers Project, woni gollal baɗaangal ngam naatnude jaŋde e binndol e nder duɗe leslese fotde 20 ɗemngal walla ɗemɗe e nder nokku ɓurɗo heewde haalooɓe Ijo. Ko ɗum huunde nde Williamson e gollodiiɓe mum mbaɗi, defte keewɗe (ina heen defte teskinɗe, janngooɓe, binndanɗe jannginooɓe, defte binndol, e mooftugol taali leñol). E hitaande 2002, o toɗɗaa porfeseer UNESCO to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Port Harcourt, o wonii heen golle haa o maayi. Golle makko ɗe njaltinaaka ɗee, ko Roger Blench woni e ƴellitde ɗum en. == Nguurndam caggal == Williamson mawni ko e diine Methodist kono o wonti Quaker e fuɗɗoode kitaale 1990, caggal ɗuum o ƴetti golle jam no feewi. O sankii ko e duuɓi 69 to leydi Beresiil ñalnde 3 lewru bowte hitaande 2005.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Memorial Events for Professor Kay (Ruth) Williamson|url=http://rogerblench.info/KWEF/KW%20Biography/Kay%20Williamson%20life%20RMB.htm|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120223214545/http://rogerblench.info/KWEF/KW%20Biography/Kay%20Williamson%20life%20RMB.htm|archive-date=February 23, 2012|access-date=2013-06-15}}</ref> Fooyre janngirde Kay Williamson sosaa ngam wallugo kuuɗe nder ɗemɗe Naajeeriya. * Binndanɗe mawɗe * Wiliyamson, Kay. 1965 (2ɓo 1969). Naatgol e ɗemngal Kolokoma Ịjọ. (Denndaangal ɗemɗe Afrik hirnaange, 2.) Londres: Jaaynde Jaaɓi-haaɗtirde Cambridge 2011: <nowiki>ISBN 0521175267</nowiki> * Wiliyamson, Kay, e Kiyosi Simizu (ƴeewndo). 1968. Doggol kelme nannditooje Benue-Kongo: Toɓɓere I. Ibadan: Fedde ɗemɗe Afrik hirnaange. * 1972. Saggitorde Igbo-Engele. Benin: Fedde bayyinoowo defte Ecoppi. * Wiliyamson, Kay (moƴƴi). 1973. Doggol kelme nannditooje Benue-Kongo: Toɓɓere II. Ibadan: Fedde ɗemɗe Afrik hirnaange. * 1983. Binndi ɗemɗe Najeriya: Deftere II. Lagos: Catal ɗemɗe ngenndiije, ministeer jaŋde fedde nde. * Wiliyamson, Kay, e A. O. Timitimi (winndinooɓe). 1983. Saggitorde Ịzọn-Engele juutnde. (Seeri Delta No. 3.) Port Harkot: Duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Port Harkot. <nowiki>ISBN 978-2321-09-5</nowiki>, <nowiki>ISBN 978-978-2321-09-1</nowiki> * Wiliyamson, Kay. 1984. Ortogaraafi kuuɓtodinɗo e nder leydi Najeriya. Ibadan: Defte janngirɗe Heinemann. * Wiliyamson, Kay. 1971. "Ɗemɗe Benue-Kongo e Ịjọ". E nder: Jaambaraagal hannde e nder ganndal ɗemɗe, Vol. 7, limre ed. ko T. A. Sebeok winndi, 245-306. * Wiliyamson, Kay. 1979. "Ɗemɗe tokoose e nder jaŋde leslesre: Eɓɓoore janngooɓe maayooji ko daartol". Ɗemɗe Afrik/Ɗemɗe Afriknaaɓe 5:2. 95-105. * Wiliyamson, Kay. 1989. "Yiyngo Niiseer-Konngo". E nder: Ɗemɗe Niiseer-Konngo, ed. ko Yuhanna Bendor-Samuwel winndi, 3-45. Jaaynde duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Amerik. ISBN ko 0819173754 * Wiliyamson, Kay. 1989. "Yiyngo Benue-Konngo". E nder: Ɗemɗe Niiseer-Konngo, ed. ko John Bendor-Samuwel winndi, 246-274. Jaaynde duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Amerik. ISBN ko 0819173754 * Wiliyamson, Kay, e Roger Blench. 2000. "Niiseer-Konngo". E nder: Ɗemɗe Afrik: Naatgol, ed. B. Heine e D. Infirmiyee, Faandaare 2, 11-42. Kambridge: Duɗal jaaɓi-haaɗtirde Kambridge. ISBN ko 0521661781<ref>{{Cite web|title=Memorial Events for Professor Kay (Ruth) Williamson|url=http://rogerblench.info/KWEF/KWBio/Kay%20Williamson%20life%20RMB.htm|access-date=2020-06-08|website=rogerblench.info}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Memorial Events for Professor Kay (Ruth) Williamson|url=http://rogerblench.info/KWEF/KWBio/Kay%20Williamson%20life%20RMB.htm|access-date=2020-06-08|website=rogerblench.info}}</ref> == Tuugnorgal == 7gmvbashf5einqbatbq8tz8wdy9mk6b 0 42407 175681 2026-06-22T15:34:31Z Isa Oumar 9821 Created page with "'''Elechi Amadi''' '''<ref>{{cite journal|author=Jones, Eldred|title=African Literature 1966-1967|journal=African Forum|volume=3|issue=1|p=5}}</ref>'''(12 lewru mbooy hitaande 1934 – 29 lewru juko hitaande 2016) ko winndiyanke, konu Najeriya.[1] O gonnooɗo tergal e konu leydi Najeriya. O woniino binndoowo pijirlooji e defte keewɗe ko fayti e nguurndam gure Afrik, aadaaji, goongɗingol, e golle diine ko adii nde o jokkondirta e winndere hirnaange.[2] Amadi ɓuri teske..." 175681 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Elechi Amadi''' '''<ref>{{cite journal|author=Jones, Eldred|title=African Literature 1966-1967|journal=African Forum|volume=3|issue=1|p=5}}</ref>'''(12 lewru mbooy hitaande 1934 – 29 lewru juko hitaande 2016) ko winndiyanke, konu Najeriya.[1] O gonnooɗo tergal e konu leydi Najeriya. O woniino binndoowo pijirlooji e defte keewɗe ko fayti e nguurndam gure Afrik, aadaaji, goongɗingol, e golle diine ko adii nde o jokkondirta e winndere hirnaange.[2] Amadi ɓuri teskeede ko e deftere makko adannde nde o winndi e hitaande 1966, wiyeteende The Concubine, nde o inniri "golle maantiniiɗe e fijirde laaɓtunde".<ref>{{Cite news|last=Ezeamalu|first=Ben|date=2016-07-04|title=‘Adieu Soldier and Poet,’ Soyinka pays tribute to Elechi Amadi|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/entertainment/artsbooks/206424-adieu-soldier-poet-soyinka-pays-tribute-elechi-amadi.html?tztc=1|access-date=2026-03-18|newspaper=[[Premium Times]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Ezeamalu|first=Ben|date=2016-07-04|title=‘Adieu Soldier and Poet,’ Soyinka pays tribute to Elechi Amadi|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/entertainment/artsbooks/206424-adieu-soldier-poet-soyinka-pays-tribute-elechi-amadi.html?tztc=1|access-date=2026-03-18|newspaper=[[Premium Times]]}}</ref> == Nguurndam e jaŋde puɗɗagol == Elechi Amadi jibinaa ko ñalnde 12 mee 1934, to Mbodo-Aluu e nder ko wiyetee hannde nokku laamu nokku Ikwerre to diiwaan Rivers, to leydi Najeriya Hiisawal.[4][5] Nde o woni e duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde, o ƴetti innde Elechi Amadi, nde o miijii ina hollita ndonu makko Ikwerre ɓuri innde jibinannde makko, Emmanuel Elechi Daniel. O jeyaa ko e leñol Ikwerre.<ref>{{cite journal|author=Jones, Eldred|title=African Literature 1966-1967|journal=African Forum|volume=3|issue=1|p=5}}</ref> == Kugal == O golliima e sahaa gooto e ƴeewndo leydi, caggal ɗuum o woni jannginoowo e duɗe keewɗe, ina jeyaa heen Duɗal Konu leydi Najeriya, Zaria (1963–66).<ref>{{Cite news|last=Ezeamalu|first=Ben|date=2016-07-04|title=‘Adieu Soldier and Poet,’ Soyinka pays tribute to Elechi Amadi|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/entertainment/artsbooks/206424-adieu-soldier-poet-soyinka-pays-tribute-elechi-amadi.html?tztc=1|access-date=2026-03-18|newspaper=[[Premium Times]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Ezeamalu|first=Ben|date=2016-07-04|title=‘Adieu Soldier and Poet,’ Soyinka pays tribute to Elechi Amadi|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/entertainment/artsbooks/206424-adieu-soldier-poet-soyinka-pays-tribute-elechi-amadi.html?tztc=1|access-date=2026-03-18|newspaper=[[Premium Times]]}}</ref> == Golle konu e politik == Amadi golli nder konu Naajeeriya, o jooɗi ton wakkati konu lesdi Naajeeriya, o woppi darnde kapiteen.[9] Ndeen o waɗii golle keewɗe e laamu diiwaan Rivers : Sekereteer duumotooɗo (1973–83), Komisariyaa Jaŋde (1987–88) e Komisariyaa Leyɗeele e Koɗki (1989–90).<ref name="Gikandi 2003">{{cite book|last=Gikandi|first=Simon|author-link=Simon Gikandi|title=Encyclopedia of African Literature|publisher=Taylor & Francis|year=2003|isbn=978-1-134-58223-5|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hKmCAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA26|access-date=2018-11-20|pages=26–27}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kirjasto.sci.fi/amadi.htm|title=Elechi Amadi|website=Books and Writers (kirjasto.sci.fi)|first=Petri|last=Liukkonen|publisher=[[Kuusankoski]] Public Library|location=Finland|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150125001500/http://www.kirjasto.sci.fi/amadi.htm|archivedate=25 January 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Bindi == O woniino binndoowo-hoɗorde e jannginoowo to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Rivers State College of Education, ɗo o woni kadi Dean of Arts, gardiiɗo departemaa binndol e gardiiɗo jaŋde kuuɓtodinnde.[11] Amadi wiyi wonde deftere makko adannde ko e hitaande 1957, jimɗi ina wiyee "Penitence" ɗi o yaltini e jaaynde duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Ibadan, ina wiyee The Horn, ko John Pepper Clark winndi.[12] Deftere Amadi adannde, The Concubine, yalti ko to Londres e hitaande 1966, nde jaɓɓaama no "deftere adannde ɓurnde yuumtude".[13] Alastair Niven e nder wiɗto mum teskinngo e deftere nde winndii : "E nder gure diwooje e liɗɗi e nder delta Niger, debbo jom suudu oo ina jogii sahaa e sahaa fof e nder deftere mawnde." ko adii fof ko to Abuja e lewru marse 2007.[15] Setting deftere Amadi ɗiɗaɓere, The Great Ponds, yaltunde e hitaande 1969,[16] ko Fuɗnaange Naajeeriya ko adii koloñaal, ko haala hare hakkunde renndooji gure ɗiɗi ngam jogaade weendu.[17] E hitaande 1973, deftere Amadi nde wonaa firo, wiyeteende Sunset in Biafra yalti. Nde winndi ko o yi’i e hare hakkunde Naajeeriya e Biafra, e wiyde Niven "nde winndaa ko e mbaadi daartol cemmbinngol no deftere nii".<ref name="Gikandi 20032">{{cite book|last=Gikandi|first=Simon|author-link=Simon Gikandi|title=Encyclopedia of African Literature|publisher=Taylor & Francis|year=2003|isbn=978-1-134-58223-5|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hKmCAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA26|access-date=2018-11-20|pages=26–27}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kirjasto.sci.fi/amadi.htm|title=Elechi Amadi|website=Books and Writers (kirjasto.sci.fi)|first=Petri|last=Liukkonen|publisher=[[Kuusankoski]] Public Library|location=Finland|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150125001500/http://www.kirjasto.sci.fi/amadi.htm|archivedate=25 January 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="Gikandi 20033">{{cite book|last=Gikandi|first=Simon|author-link=Simon Gikandi|title=Encyclopedia of African Literature|publisher=Taylor & Francis|year=2003|isbn=978-1-134-58223-5|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hKmCAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA26|access-date=2018-11-20|pages=26–27}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kirjasto.sci.fi/amadi.htm|title=Elechi Amadi|website=Books and Writers (kirjasto.sci.fi)|first=Petri|last=Liukkonen|publisher=[[Kuusankoski]] Public Library|location=Finland|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150125001500/http://www.kirjasto.sci.fi/amadi.htm|archivedate=25 January 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref> Ñalnde 13 lewru mbooy hitaande 1989, yeewtere yuɓɓinaama to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Port Harcourt ngam mawninde duuɓi 55 ɗi Amadi heɓi.[19] E lewru mee 2004, fedde winndooɓe leydi Najeriya, fedde diiwaan Rivers, yuɓɓini batu ngam mawninde duuɓi 70 ɗi Elechi Amadi heɓi.[20] Ngam deftere makko sakkitiinde, nde Alla ari, Elechi ruttitii ko adii fof e fannu ganndal.[21] E ƴeewtaade ɗum, Lindsay Barrett winndi : « So binndoowo heɓii darnde ikon e nder golle mum, tuugnaade e baylugol golle bayyinaaɗe e ikonaaji gila e yontaaji gadani e nguurndam makko, ina heewi tawa omo waɗa jarribooji e nder daawal gadanal ngal projectref kono ina haawnii deftere siftorde nde maayɗo Elechi Amadi winndi ina hollita. Hay so tawii binndanɗe ɗiɗi nate gonɗe e ndee ɗoo deftere ina cifaa e nder binndol ngol ko njilluuji e nder ganndal fijirde, ko goonga ina ɓura laaɓtude siftinde ɗe ko alkule filosofiije supernatural wonaa tan wonde eɓɓooje e nder miijo kewuuji e sifaa aduna goɗɗo, mo ganndal fiction popular heewi wonde. ... E nder ƴeewndo cakkitiingo ngoo, ɗeen golle ina njanngee no fables ummoraade e ko fayi arde ko binnduɗo oo foti wonde ko weltaare mawnde e sosde giɗli Amadi e backshafic makko e duuɓi makko e haa teeŋti noon caggal wolde hakkunde leyɗeele nde o jooɗii e golle jaŋde e njuɓɓudi laamu e nder diiwaan Rivers State, ko e oon sahaa o fuɗɗii jarribaade binndol kesol ngol ngolɗoo gollal woni yeru seeɗa kono mo yejjittaake."[22] == Duuɓi caggal ɗuum == 2009 ko nanngugol Ñalnde 5 lewru Yarkomaa 2009, Amadi nanngaa to galle mum to wuro Aluu, Ikwerre, tawi ko yimɓe ɓe nganndaaka. O woppitaa ko kikiiɗe 6 lewru Yarkomaa, waktuuji 23 caggal ɗuum.[23][24] Afrik39 E hitaande 2014, Amadi wonnoo ko ñaawoowo Afrik39, kanko e Tess Onwueme e Margaret Busby.[25] == Wade == Ñalnde 29 lewru juko hitaande 2016, Amadi sankii to Opitaal Good Heart to Port Harcourt, tawi omo yahra e duuɓi 82.[26][27] Wole Soyinka, keɓɗo njeenaari Nobel, teddinii Amadi wonde "soldaat e yimoowo, nanngaaɗo e ɓernde, e ballondiral aadee e nuunɗal".[28] == Njeenaaje == 1992 – Njeenaari kaalis leydi Rivers.[29] 2003 – Doktoraa tedduɗo, Doktoraa ganndal (D.Sc.) e jaŋde, honoris causa, rokkaama to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde ganndal e karallaagal Rivers State.[19] 2003 – Fedde nde o woni fedde jaŋde leydi Najeriya.[30] 2003 – Tergal e Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe (MFR).[31] == Njawdi == Faculté de l'humanité to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Port Harcourt, ina halfinaa mo.[32] Politeknik Port Harcourt wayli innde mum, wonti Politeknik Kapiteen Elechi Amadi e hitaande 2016.[32] == Bibliyogaraafi == * Koɗo (deftere), Londres: Heinemann winndooɓe Afrik, 1969; Ibadan: Defte Heinemann, 1993, <nowiki>ISBN 0-435-90025-0</nowiki> * Pooɗe mawɗe (deftere), Heinemann, 1969; Jaŋde Macmillan, hitaande 1976, <nowiki>ISBN 978-0435270261</nowiki> * Mutal naange e nder Biafra (jaaynde hare), deftere winndooɓe Afriknaaɓe Heinemann, 1969, <nowiki>ISBN 978-0435901400</nowiki> * Isiburu (pijirlooji), Heinemann, 1973, <nowiki>ISBN 978-0435925086</nowiki> * Peppersoup e laawol (pijirlooji, deftere hawraande), Ibadan: Bayyinooɓe Onibonoje, 1977 * Womoowo Johannesburg (pijirlooji), Ibadan: Jaaynde Onibonoje, 1978 * Maccuɗo (deftere), deftere winndooɓe Afriknaaɓe Heinemann, 1978, <nowiki>ISBN 978-0435902100</nowiki> * Etikaaji nder aadaaji Naajeeriya (filosofi), London: Defte janngirde Heinemann, 1982, <nowiki>ISBN 978-9781295966</nowiki> * Koolaaɗo kuuɓal (deftere), deftere winndooɓe Afriknaaɓe Heinemann, 1986, <nowiki>ISBN 978-0435905644</nowiki> * Debbo Kalabar (pijirlooji), Port Harkurt: Jaaynde Gitelle, 2002 * Haala e yimde (binndanɗe e jimɗi), Jaaynde Duɗal Jaaɓi-haaɗtirde Port Harcourt, 2003 * Pijirlooji mooftaaɗi (moƴƴinɗi Seiyifa Koroye), Port Harcourt: Jaaynde Perle, 2004 * Nde Alla ari, hitaande 2011 * Janngude ko ɓeydi * Ebele Eko, Elechi Amadi: Gorko e golle mum, Yaba, Lagos: Defte Kraft Ltd, 1991. * Willfried Feuser e Ebele Eko (winndinooɓe), Elechi Amadi e duuɓi 55, Ibadan: Defte jaŋde Heinemann, 1994. * Seiyifa Koroye, Miijooji teskinɗi e Elechi Amadi, Port Harcourt: Bayyinooɓe perle/Fedde winndooɓe Naajeeriya, 2008. == Tuugnorgal == tilqwmgaa5llb5m9msgh7r4kyt4qztl 175682 175681 2026-06-22T15:35:04Z Isa Oumar 9821 175682 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}'''Elechi Amadi''' '''<ref>{{cite journal|author=Jones, Eldred|title=African Literature 1966-1967|journal=African Forum|volume=3|issue=1|p=5}}</ref>'''(12 lewru mbooy hitaande 1934 – 29 lewru juko hitaande 2016) ko winndiyanke, konu Najeriya. O gonnooɗo tergal e konu leydi Najeriya. O woniino binndoowo pijirlooji e defte keewɗe ko fayti e nguurndam gure Afrik, aadaaji, goongɗingol, e golle diine ko adii nde o jokkondirta e winndere hirnaange.[2] Amadi ɓuri teskeede ko e deftere makko adannde nde o winndi e hitaande 1966, wiyeteende The Concubine, nde o inniri "golle maantiniiɗe e fijirde laaɓtunde".<ref>{{Cite news|last=Ezeamalu|first=Ben|date=2016-07-04|title=‘Adieu Soldier and Poet,’ Soyinka pays tribute to Elechi Amadi|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/entertainment/artsbooks/206424-adieu-soldier-poet-soyinka-pays-tribute-elechi-amadi.html?tztc=1|access-date=2026-03-18|newspaper=[[Premium Times]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Ezeamalu|first=Ben|date=2016-07-04|title=‘Adieu Soldier and Poet,’ Soyinka pays tribute to Elechi Amadi|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/entertainment/artsbooks/206424-adieu-soldier-poet-soyinka-pays-tribute-elechi-amadi.html?tztc=1|access-date=2026-03-18|newspaper=[[Premium Times]]}}</ref> == Nguurndam e jaŋde puɗɗagol == Elechi Amadi jibinaa ko ñalnde 12 mee 1934, to Mbodo-Aluu e nder ko wiyetee hannde nokku laamu nokku Ikwerre to diiwaan Rivers, to leydi Najeriya Hiisawal.[4][5] Nde o woni e duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde, o ƴetti innde Elechi Amadi, nde o miijii ina hollita ndonu makko Ikwerre ɓuri innde jibinannde makko, Emmanuel Elechi Daniel. O jeyaa ko e leñol Ikwerre.<ref>{{cite journal|author=Jones, Eldred|title=African Literature 1966-1967|journal=African Forum|volume=3|issue=1|p=5}}</ref> == Kugal == O golliima e sahaa gooto e ƴeewndo leydi, caggal ɗuum o woni jannginoowo e duɗe keewɗe, ina jeyaa heen Duɗal Konu leydi Najeriya, Zaria (1963–66).<ref>{{Cite news|last=Ezeamalu|first=Ben|date=2016-07-04|title=‘Adieu Soldier and Poet,’ Soyinka pays tribute to Elechi Amadi|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/entertainment/artsbooks/206424-adieu-soldier-poet-soyinka-pays-tribute-elechi-amadi.html?tztc=1|access-date=2026-03-18|newspaper=[[Premium Times]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Ezeamalu|first=Ben|date=2016-07-04|title=‘Adieu Soldier and Poet,’ Soyinka pays tribute to Elechi Amadi|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/entertainment/artsbooks/206424-adieu-soldier-poet-soyinka-pays-tribute-elechi-amadi.html?tztc=1|access-date=2026-03-18|newspaper=[[Premium Times]]}}</ref> == Golle konu e politik == Amadi golli nder konu Naajeeriya, o jooɗi ton wakkati konu lesdi Naajeeriya, o woppi darnde kapiteen.[9] Ndeen o waɗii golle keewɗe e laamu diiwaan Rivers : Sekereteer duumotooɗo (1973–83), Komisariyaa Jaŋde (1987–88) e Komisariyaa Leyɗeele e Koɗki (1989–90).<ref name="Gikandi 2003">{{cite book|last=Gikandi|first=Simon|author-link=Simon Gikandi|title=Encyclopedia of African Literature|publisher=Taylor & Francis|year=2003|isbn=978-1-134-58223-5|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hKmCAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA26|access-date=2018-11-20|pages=26–27}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kirjasto.sci.fi/amadi.htm|title=Elechi Amadi|website=Books and Writers (kirjasto.sci.fi)|first=Petri|last=Liukkonen|publisher=[[Kuusankoski]] Public Library|location=Finland|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150125001500/http://www.kirjasto.sci.fi/amadi.htm|archivedate=25 January 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Bindi == O woniino binndoowo-hoɗorde e jannginoowo to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Rivers State College of Education, ɗo o woni kadi Dean of Arts, gardiiɗo departemaa binndol e gardiiɗo jaŋde kuuɓtodinnde.[11] Amadi wiyi wonde deftere makko adannde ko e hitaande 1957, jimɗi ina wiyee "Penitence" ɗi o yaltini e jaaynde duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Ibadan, ina wiyee The Horn, ko John Pepper Clark winndi.[12] Deftere Amadi adannde, The Concubine, yalti ko to Londres e hitaande 1966, nde jaɓɓaama no "deftere adannde ɓurnde yuumtude".[13] Alastair Niven e nder wiɗto mum teskinngo e deftere nde winndii : "E nder gure diwooje e liɗɗi e nder delta Niger, debbo jom suudu oo ina jogii sahaa e sahaa fof e nder deftere mawnde." ko adii fof ko to Abuja e lewru marse 2007.[15] Setting deftere Amadi ɗiɗaɓere, The Great Ponds, yaltunde e hitaande 1969,[16] ko Fuɗnaange Naajeeriya ko adii koloñaal, ko haala hare hakkunde renndooji gure ɗiɗi ngam jogaade weendu.[17] E hitaande 1973, deftere Amadi nde wonaa firo, wiyeteende Sunset in Biafra yalti. Nde winndi ko o yi’i e hare hakkunde Naajeeriya e Biafra, e wiyde Niven "nde winndaa ko e mbaadi daartol cemmbinngol no deftere nii".<ref name="Gikandi 20032">{{cite book|last=Gikandi|first=Simon|author-link=Simon Gikandi|title=Encyclopedia of African Literature|publisher=Taylor & Francis|year=2003|isbn=978-1-134-58223-5|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hKmCAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA26|access-date=2018-11-20|pages=26–27}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kirjasto.sci.fi/amadi.htm|title=Elechi Amadi|website=Books and Writers (kirjasto.sci.fi)|first=Petri|last=Liukkonen|publisher=[[Kuusankoski]] Public Library|location=Finland|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150125001500/http://www.kirjasto.sci.fi/amadi.htm|archivedate=25 January 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="Gikandi 20033">{{cite book|last=Gikandi|first=Simon|author-link=Simon Gikandi|title=Encyclopedia of African Literature|publisher=Taylor & Francis|year=2003|isbn=978-1-134-58223-5|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hKmCAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA26|access-date=2018-11-20|pages=26–27}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kirjasto.sci.fi/amadi.htm|title=Elechi Amadi|website=Books and Writers (kirjasto.sci.fi)|first=Petri|last=Liukkonen|publisher=[[Kuusankoski]] Public Library|location=Finland|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150125001500/http://www.kirjasto.sci.fi/amadi.htm|archivedate=25 January 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref> Ñalnde 13 lewru mbooy hitaande 1989, yeewtere yuɓɓinaama to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Port Harcourt ngam mawninde duuɓi 55 ɗi Amadi heɓi.[19] E lewru mee 2004, fedde winndooɓe leydi Najeriya, fedde diiwaan Rivers, yuɓɓini batu ngam mawninde duuɓi 70 ɗi Elechi Amadi heɓi.[20] Ngam deftere makko sakkitiinde, nde Alla ari, Elechi ruttitii ko adii fof e fannu ganndal.[21] E ƴeewtaade ɗum, Lindsay Barrett winndi : « So binndoowo heɓii darnde ikon e nder golle mum, tuugnaade e baylugol golle bayyinaaɗe e ikonaaji gila e yontaaji gadani e nguurndam makko, ina heewi tawa omo waɗa jarribooji e nder daawal gadanal ngal projectref kono ina haawnii deftere siftorde nde maayɗo Elechi Amadi winndi ina hollita. Hay so tawii binndanɗe ɗiɗi nate gonɗe e ndee ɗoo deftere ina cifaa e nder binndol ngol ko njilluuji e nder ganndal fijirde, ko goonga ina ɓura laaɓtude siftinde ɗe ko alkule filosofiije supernatural wonaa tan wonde eɓɓooje e nder miijo kewuuji e sifaa aduna goɗɗo, mo ganndal fiction popular heewi wonde. ... E nder ƴeewndo cakkitiingo ngoo, ɗeen golle ina njanngee no fables ummoraade e ko fayi arde ko binnduɗo oo foti wonde ko weltaare mawnde e sosde giɗli Amadi e backshafic makko e duuɓi makko e haa teeŋti noon caggal wolde hakkunde leyɗeele nde o jooɗii e golle jaŋde e njuɓɓudi laamu e nder diiwaan Rivers State, ko e oon sahaa o fuɗɗii jarribaade binndol kesol ngol ngolɗoo gollal woni yeru seeɗa kono mo yejjittaake."[22] == Duuɓi caggal ɗuum == 2009 ko nanngugol Ñalnde 5 lewru Yarkomaa 2009, Amadi nanngaa to galle mum to wuro Aluu, Ikwerre, tawi ko yimɓe ɓe nganndaaka. O woppitaa ko kikiiɗe 6 lewru Yarkomaa, waktuuji 23 caggal ɗuum.[23][24] Afrik39 E hitaande 2014, Amadi wonnoo ko ñaawoowo Afrik39, kanko e Tess Onwueme e Margaret Busby.[25] == Wade == Ñalnde 29 lewru juko hitaande 2016, Amadi sankii to Opitaal Good Heart to Port Harcourt, tawi omo yahra e duuɓi 82.[26][27] Wole Soyinka, keɓɗo njeenaari Nobel, teddinii Amadi wonde "soldaat e yimoowo, nanngaaɗo e ɓernde, e ballondiral aadee e nuunɗal".[28] == Njeenaaje == 1992 – Njeenaari kaalis leydi Rivers.[29] 2003 – Doktoraa tedduɗo, Doktoraa ganndal (D.Sc.) e jaŋde, honoris causa, rokkaama to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde ganndal e karallaagal Rivers State.[19] 2003 – Fedde nde o woni fedde jaŋde leydi Najeriya.[30] 2003 – Tergal e Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe (MFR).[31] == Njawdi == Faculté de l'humanité to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Port Harcourt, ina halfinaa mo.[32] Politeknik Port Harcourt wayli innde mum, wonti Politeknik Kapiteen Elechi Amadi e hitaande 2016.[32] == Bibliyogaraafi == * Koɗo (deftere), Londres: Heinemann winndooɓe Afrik, 1969; Ibadan: Defte Heinemann, 1993, <nowiki>ISBN 0-435-90025-0</nowiki> * Pooɗe mawɗe (deftere), Heinemann, 1969; Jaŋde Macmillan, hitaande 1976, <nowiki>ISBN 978-0435270261</nowiki> * Mutal naange e nder Biafra (jaaynde hare), deftere winndooɓe Afriknaaɓe Heinemann, 1969, <nowiki>ISBN 978-0435901400</nowiki> * Isiburu (pijirlooji), Heinemann, 1973, <nowiki>ISBN 978-0435925086</nowiki> * Peppersoup e laawol (pijirlooji, deftere hawraande), Ibadan: Bayyinooɓe Onibonoje, 1977 * Womoowo Johannesburg (pijirlooji), Ibadan: Jaaynde Onibonoje, 1978 * Maccuɗo (deftere), deftere winndooɓe Afriknaaɓe Heinemann, 1978, <nowiki>ISBN 978-0435902100</nowiki> * Etikaaji nder aadaaji Naajeeriya (filosofi), London: Defte janngirde Heinemann, 1982, <nowiki>ISBN 978-9781295966</nowiki> * Koolaaɗo kuuɓal (deftere), deftere winndooɓe Afriknaaɓe Heinemann, 1986, <nowiki>ISBN 978-0435905644</nowiki> * Debbo Kalabar (pijirlooji), Port Harkurt: Jaaynde Gitelle, 2002 * Haala e yimde (binndanɗe e jimɗi), Jaaynde Duɗal Jaaɓi-haaɗtirde Port Harcourt, 2003 * Pijirlooji mooftaaɗi (moƴƴinɗi Seiyifa Koroye), Port Harcourt: Jaaynde Perle, 2004 * Nde Alla ari, hitaande 2011 * Janngude ko ɓeydi * Ebele Eko, Elechi Amadi: Gorko e golle mum, Yaba, Lagos: Defte Kraft Ltd, 1991. * Willfried Feuser e Ebele Eko (winndinooɓe), Elechi Amadi e duuɓi 55, Ibadan: Defte jaŋde Heinemann, 1994. * Seiyifa Koroye, Miijooji teskinɗi e Elechi Amadi, Port Harcourt: Bayyinooɓe perle/Fedde winndooɓe Naajeeriya, 2008. == Tuugnorgal == od9bpxn80h1iblxl52wcwh8iwxyz56v 0 42408 175683 2026-06-22T15:45:35Z Isa Oumar 9821 Created page with "'''nny Ofehe ko''' jibinaaɗo to leydi Naajeeriya, ko o daraniiɗo hakkeeji aadee e nder leydi Najeriya, ko o kanndidaa siyaasaaku leydi Naajeeriya, mo golle mum ndarni ko feewti e ŋakkeende hakkeeji aadee e nder diiwaan Niger Delta mo petroŋ heewi. O woniino ƴamoowo guwerneer e nder wooteeji guwerneer leydi Najeriya 2019 e nder diiwaan Delta alɗuɗo petroŋ e les lannda laamu All Progressive Congress (APC).,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.amnesty.nl/wordt-vervolgd/s..." 175683 wikitext text/x-wiki '''nny Ofehe ko''' jibinaaɗo to leydi Naajeeriya, ko o daraniiɗo hakkeeji aadee e nder leydi Najeriya, ko o kanndidaa siyaasaaku leydi Naajeeriya, mo golle mum ndarni ko feewti e ŋakkeende hakkeeji aadee e nder diiwaan Niger Delta mo petroŋ heewi. O woniino ƴamoowo guwerneer e nder wooteeji guwerneer leydi Najeriya 2019 e nder diiwaan Delta alɗuɗo petroŋ e les lannda laamu All Progressive Congress (APC).,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.amnesty.nl/wordt-vervolgd/sunny-ofehe|title=Sunny Ofehe|author=Marnix de Bruyne|publisher=Amnesty International|access-date=2017-06-06}}</ref>e kanndidaa guwerneer diiwaan Delta e nder wooteeji mawɗi 2023 e nder leydi Najeriya e les lannda sukaaɓe yahruɓe yeeso (YPP).<ref>{{Cite AV media|title=Delta State Governorship Debate 2023|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GQLxyhqXeGc|date=2023-03-15|access-date=2025-11-30|via=YouTube|last=Arise News}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=Delta: Why Sunny Ofehe deserves to be governor|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2022/06/delta-why-sunny-ofehe-deserves-to-be-governor/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|newspaper=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]]|date=2022-06-05|access-date=2025-11-30|first=David O.|last=Royal}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Adurokiya|first=Ebenezer|date=2022-10-16|title=I'm most qualified to be Delta governor ― YPP candidate, Ofehe|url=https://tribuneonlineng.com/im-most-qualified-to-be-delta-governor-%e2%80%95-ypp-candidate-ofehe/|access-date=2025-12-07|newspaper=[[Nigerian Tribune]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=2022-10-24|title=Sunny Ofehe, YPP Gov'ship Candidate: "I've More|url=https://bigpenngr.com/2022/10/24/sunny-ofehe-ypp-govship-candidate-ive-more-international-exposure-than-any-other-candidate-in-delta-guber-race/|archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20250120130337/https://bigpenngr.com/2022/10/24/sunny-ofehe-ypp-govship-candidate-ive-more-international-exposure-than-any-other-candidate-in-delta-guber-race/|archive-date=2025-01-20|access-date=2025-12-07|work=Bigpen Nigeria}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Electoral Financing|url=https://fiscaltransparency.org/electoralfinancing/expandaspirant?id=432|access-date=2025-12-07|website=fiscaltransparency.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=danivert|date=2023-01-17|title=Delta 2023: I am particular about direct investments, YPP guber candidate, Sunny Ofehe declares|url=https://thesun.ng/delta-2023-i-am-particular-about-direct-investments-ypp-guber-candidate-sunny-ofehe-declares/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=2025-12-07|newspaper=[[The Sun (Nigeria)|The Sun]]}}</ref> == Nguurndam e jaŋde puɗɗagol == Sunny Oghale Ofehe jibinaa ko ñalnde 1 feebariyee 1972 to wuro Lagos, to leydi Najeriya, e galle mawɗo Bernard Aghogho e Theresa Ofehe to Iyede, to nokku diiwaan Isoko worgo to diiwaan Delta. Ofehe timmini jaŋde mum leslesre to duɗal leslesal Ogelle, Ughelli, to diiwaan Delta, e hitaande 1983. Jaŋde makko hakkundeere timmini ko to duɗal Unity Agbarho kadi to diiwaan Delta e hitaande 1988. E hitaande 1991, Ofehe heɓi naatde e duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Benin ngam janngude kemikal gollorɗe. O heɓi bak makko ko e hitaande 1995. Caggal nde wooteeji mawɗi Moshood Abiola, Ofehe wonti daraniiɗo haɓaade rafi o, nde o woni e duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde. O moofti banndiraaɓe makko janngooɓe ngam seppude ngam haɓaade ittugol woote gardagol leydi ndi, tawi ko hooreejo leydi ndii e oon sahaa, hono Ibrahim Babangida, waɗi ɗum. Ofehe waɗii darnde mawnde e nder seppooji siwil ɗi fedde janngooɓe (Student Union) ardii, ngam noddude laamu nguu ngam ittude laamu nguu, e tabitinde hooreejo leydi ndii, MKO Abiola, wonde hooreejo leydi Naajeeriya cuɓaaɗo e nder demokaraasi. Fuɗɗii ko sariya hakkunde leyɗeele/Orop B.Sc. porogaraam to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde La Haye to Pays-Bas e hitaande 2016 e darnude jaŋde ngam tawtoreede wooteeji guwerneeruuji diiwaan Delta e hitaande 2019. == Kugal == Ofehe doggi leydi Naajeeriya, o fayi leydi Pays-Bas ñalnde 26 noowammbar 1995 ɗo o ɗaɓɓiri asilo politik ngam daɗde e doggol laamu konu ngu Abacha ardii.<ref>[http://ireport.cnn.com/docs/DOC-313192 Nigerian, News. "Visit of Nigerian MP's to the Netherlands", ''CNN'', Nigeria, 12 August 2009. Retrieved on 6 June 2017.]</ref> Yumma Ofehe Mrs Teresa Noghayin Ofehe soodi galle maɓɓe to Benin-City ngam Ofehe waawa yaltude leydi ndi. Ofehe yahiino to diiwaan Kano ɗo o jooɗii lebbi jeegom hade makko waawde naatde e laana ndiwoowa KLM ummoraade Kano fayde Amsterdam ɗo o ari ñalnde 27 noowammbar 1995, ɗoon e ɗoon o ɗaɓɓi asilo politik to laana ndiwoowa. O nawaa to wuro Holanndee ina wiyee Zevenaar sara keeri Almaañ ngam ƴeewndaade ɗum, o artiraa e nokku asilo to wuro Holanndee wiyeteengo Kampen. E hitaande 1996 o ummii o fayi Rotterdam e ballal sehil makko cukaagu makko, o hawri e debbo makko jooni oo, hono Mrs Dorothy Faluy-Ofehe, kamɓe fof ɓe ndañii sukaaɓe nayo : sukaaɓe worɓe fof ! Ofehe sosi fedde nde wonaa laamuyankoore, wiyeteende Hope for the Delta Niger Campaigns (HNDC) nde njuɓɓudi mum woni to Rotterdam, Pays-Bas, e hitaande 2005. HNDC ina jokki e addude caɗeele yimɓe leydi Niiseer e humpitooji winndereeji. HNDC wallitii kaaldigal e ownooɓe beeli e nder geec Niiseer e hitaande 2005 e nder jokkere enɗam hakkunde ownooɓe beeli e pelle kisal Dowla. Ofehe ƴettii feere nde wonaa fitinaaji e nder haɓaade ɗum, o waɗii heen darnde mawnde e addude joofgol nanngugol yimɓe e nder diiwaan Niiseer. Kampaañ makko addani mo yoɓde golloowo petroŋ Holanndeejo nanngaaɗo. Ofehe wonnoo ko e ñaawoore nde remooɓe nayo Delta Niger ngaddi e Royal Dutch Shell to La Haye e kuulal ngal e lewru Yarkomaa 2013 ngam jaɓde gooto e remooɓe ɓee. Bayyinaango lewru kala jaaynde Nijeer Delta Diaspora ina wiyee "Inside Niger Delta Magazine" ko Ofehe sosi ngam ɓeydude humpitooji e ngonka diiwaan Nijeer Delta haa hakkillaaji winndere ndee,<ref>{{cite web|last=Iruh|first=Elvis|url=https://www.thenigerianvoice.com/movie/124199/new-magazine-out-in-the-netherlands-inside-niger-delta-mag.html|title=New magazine out in the Netherlands – Inside Niger-Delta magazine|website=Thenigerianvoice.com|date=2013-09-13|access-date=2017-06-06}}</ref> fuɗɗorii ko e nder golle Ofehe ngam feeñninde caɗeele yimɓe diiwaan Nijeer e nder Delta. == Heɓtingol e noddaango laamu == Ngam kuuɗe maako ngam cemmbiɗinki jam nder diiwal ngal, hooreejo lesdi Naajeeriya, Goodluck Jonathan, waɗi noddaango haa Ofehe. O waddi bee maako yoga e ardiiɓe lesdi Naajeeriya wakkati o waɗi njillu maako haa hooreejo lesdi Naajeeriya ɓooyma H.E. Doktoor moƴƴo Jonatan. O wolwi kadi e Goomu Ad-Hoc ko faati e caɗeele Niger Delta to suudu sarɗiiji leydi Najeriya, o noddi terɗe suudu sarɗiiji leydi ndii 15 e terɗe suudu sarɗiiji leydi ndii tati e nder suudu sarɗiiji leydi ndii to leydi Pays-Bas e Dental Orop to Bruxelles e hitaande 2009. Ñalnde 25 e 26 lewru feebariyee 2010, Ofehe jaɓɓiima yimɓe jeyaaɓe e golle jam e nder leydi Nijeer to batu hakkunde leyɗeele to La Haye, leydi Pays-Bas, ngu waɗii nafoore mawnde e yiytude feere ngam safrude caɗeele sukaaɓe restiveness e nder diiwaan Nijeer Delta, kadi o noddi balloowo to Am Del Nijeer e Hooreejo leydi Nijeer e oon sahaa, Hooreejo leydi Nijeer e oon sahaa. Kingsley Kuku, ngam jokkondirde e mawɓe politik Orop to Pari ina jeyaa heen yeewtidde e Institut Farayse jokkondiral caggal leydi (IFRI) to Pari, Farayse e terɗe Goomu Dental Orop cuɓaaɗo to Biriksel, Belsik. Ɗum addani tergal depiteeji Holanndee biyeteeɗo Sharon Gesthuizen e...Jaagorɓe ammbasadeer leydi Hollande to leydi Naajeeriya ngam yilloyaade nokkuuji ɓuuɓɗi e nokkuuji bonɗi e nder diiwaan Nijeer sabu njulaagu petroŋ.<ref>{{Cite AV media|title=Abuloma Oil Bunkering|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qd_Csh0k9iQ|date=2011-02-14|access-date=2025-11-30|via=YouTube|last=Pim Visser}}</ref><ref>{{Cite AV media|title=Visit to the Niger Delta with a Dutch Member of Parliament.|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y6gEc-M8-KI|date=2011-01-06|access-date=2025-11-30|via=YouTube|last=Pim Visser}}</ref> Ofehe woni gardiiɗo ndeeɗoo njillu ko depitee leydi Hollande hono Ms Sharon Gesthuizen. Ko ɗum addani parlemaa Holannda heɗtaade ko fayti e Shell e lewru Yarkomaa 2011 to Parlemaa Holannda to La Haye tawi Ofehe ko kañum woni haaloowo mawɗo e wondude e haalooɓe Amnesty International, Sehilaaɓe Leydi, Cordaid e Shell ina tawtoree heɗto ngoo == Daɗi bommbo, nanngugol e nanngugol == Ofehe daɗii e bommbooji ɗi njippini suudu makko to galle hoɗɓe laamu diiwaan Delta to Asaba, diiwaan Delta, leydi Najeriya. O woniino Asaba, diiwaan Delta e noddaango Guwerneer kuuɓtodinɗo diiwaan Delta e oon sahaa, H.E. Doktoor Emanuwel Uduaghan. O nanngaama diga hukuumaaji rento lesdi Naajeeriya ɓaawo nde huwooɓe haa suudu joonde diidaaɗi lesdi Naajeeriya haa La Haye mbinndi dow maako dow ko laarani siyaasaaku. Ciimtol ngol caggal mum hollitaama wonde ko fenaande e warngooji jikkuuji, ko debbo gooto golloowo to fedde toppitiinde ko faati e humpito (NIA) golloowo to ammbasadeer leydi Najeriya to La Haye hedde hitaande 2008. O woni ko e ƴattaade e hulɓinaade caggal ɗuum e taƴgol keeri kala nde o yilli leydi Najeriya. O waɗii batuuji keewɗi e Departemaa Kisal Dowla ngam laaɓtinde innde makko, kono haa jooni omo heɓa ƴattooje to laana ndiwoowa. Ñalnde 8 lewru Abriil hitaande 2022, Ofehe ɗaɓɓiri hooreejo fedde toppitiinde kisal leydi (DSS) e fedde toppitiinde ko fayti e kisal leydi (NIA) leydi Naajeeriya yeeso Goomu Senaa Naajeeriya ko faati e Etikaaji, Martabaaji e Ɗaɓɓaaɗe Jaayndeeji ngam ɗaɓɓude e Senaa yo naata e doggol maɓɓe ngam heɓde innde makko e doggol ƴeewndorɗe maɓɓe. E nder ñaawoore ndee DSS alaa heen, kono NIA ina lomtiniri ɗum, ina salii meeɗde waɗde innde Ofehe e doggol ƴeewndorɗe. Goomu Senaa dartinii ñaawoore ndee ñalnde 15 abriil e goɗɗum ngam newnude DSS feeñde. Ñaawoore ɗiɗmere ndee ari, juɓɓule ɗiɗi ɗee kala njaɓaani tawtoreede. Goomu suudu nduu jokki wiɗto mum, caggal nde hujjaaji kollitii wonde tuumeede ɗee e limtooji ɗii mbaɗaama ko aldaa e sariya, innde makko ittaama caggal duuɓi 13 E lewru feebariyee 2011, o nanngaa ko e polis Holannda caggal nde fotde 30 ofisee njani e galle makko to Rotterdam e waktuuji subaka law, o nanngaa balɗe 14Caggal ɗuum o tuumaama e ownugol e nder ñaawoore nde winndere ndee kala ñaawii.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Sunny Ofehe: illegaal, activist, verdachte|url=https://www.nrc.nl/nieuws/2011/09/03/sunny-ofehe-illegaal-activist-verdachte-12033389-a1086301|work=NRC|date=2011-09-03|access-date=2025-11-30|language=nl-NL|first=DW Dick Wittenberg Profiel Dick|last=Wittenberg}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://decorrespondent.nl/1857/doorhalen-wat-niet-van-toepassing-is-terrorist-activist-mensensmokkelaar/942deda1-b5c1-0aa2-2ad6-1143ebc5958e|title=|website=Decorrespondent}}</ref> Ñaawoore ndee caggal mum woppitaa sabu ŋakkeende hujjaaji e hujjaaji manipulaasiyoŋ hujjaaji ɗi Dowla Holanndee en mbaɗti yiyeede e won e jeewte wire taped ɗe mbinndaa.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I7u07eX3U58|title=brandpunt|date=17 March 2014|access-date=4 July 2023|via=www.youtube.com}}</ref> E hitaande 2015, Ofehe ardiima ɓiɓɓe leydi Hollande nayo woɗɓe ngam suɗaade caɗeele renndooji 12 gonɗi e saraaji nokkuuji ɗiɗi ɓurɗi mawnude e nder leydi Najeriya ; petroŋ Bonga e petroŋ EA e peewnugol ñalnde kala fotde 500 000 bpd e nder Ijaw Sud e nder diiwaan Bayelsa e ɓe nanngaa. Kidnagol ngol dañii hakkillaaji winndere ndee kala, Ofehe yalti e teleeji Holannda "Pauw" == Jokkondiral hakkunde leyɗeele == Gila hitaande 2011 e hitaande kala, Ofehe ina haalda e batu kuuɓtodinngu Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe ngam haɓaade caɗeele leƴƴi pamari to Geneve, leydi Siwis ɗo o woni e haɓaade hakkeeji leƴƴi pamari e nder diiwaan Niger Delta mo petroŋ alɗuɗo to leydi Najeriya.<ref>{{Cite AV media|title=UN Minority Summit, Geneva, Switzerland|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NPyr5hcOnUg|date=2017-12-19|access-date=2025-11-30|via=YouTube|last=Dr. Sunny Ofehe}}</ref><ref>{{Cite AV media|title=Comrade Sunny Ofehe speaking at the United Nations conference|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ELibnvpHmWY|date=2017-04-29|access-date=2025-11-30|via=YouTube|last=Dr. Sunny Ofehe}}</ref> O tawtoraama kadi kewuuji ɗi Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe (UNPO) yuɓɓini to Biriksel, Belsik, Jeneef, Siwis e Senaa Itali to Rome, Itali. O tawtoraama kadi jeewte e jokkondire keewɗe to Parlemaa Orop, to Diiso Orop e to Goomu Orop to Biriksel, Belsik. O noddi laamɗo mawɗo laamu Warri, Olu mo Warri, mawɗo mum laamɗo mawɗo mum, Ogiame Atuwatse III, Olu Warri e mawɗo mum, Olori Atuwatse III, laamɗo debbo laamɗo Warri e nder leydi Warri ngam jokkondirde e terɗe cuɓaaɗe e Parlemaa Orop e Parlemaa Carsifik UE e teeŋti noon e Parlemaa Carifik UE Bruxelles, Belsik e delegaasiyoŋ e lewru mee 2023 ngam yeewtidde e ballondiral potngal waɗeede hakkunde Dental Orop e Laamu Warri. Njillu nguu waɗii yeewtere e ardiiɓe UE to Komiseer UE, o waɗii heen geɗe bayɗe no ƴellitaare faggudu e duumingol nokkuuji, haa teeŋti noon e nder diiwaan Delta Niiseer.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Traditional King and Queen of the Warri Kingdom Stop by Spoorstraat|url=https://www.wittenborg.eu/traditional-king-and-queen-warri-kingdom-stop-spoorstraat.htm|website=www.wittenborg.eu|access-date=2025-11-30}}</ref> E nder mawningol ñalngu ndiyam winndereyankeewu e lewru marse, Ofehe wonnoo ko koɗo mawɗo e batu Inter Eco Forum 2021 to Marbella, Espaañ.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Presented by: Comrade Sunny Ofehe {{!}} International Ecological Forum|url=http://interecoforum.org/2020/03/18/presented-by-comrade-sunny-ofehe/|access-date=2025-12-07}}</ref> E hitaande 2021, Ofehe e wondude e gonnooɗo depitee leydi Hollande Harry van Bommel noddii terɗe Goomu Senaa leydi Najeriya ngam wullitaango renndo, etikaaji e martabaaji to wuro Leiden, leydi Hollande ngam waɗde heblo. Ardii delegaasiyoŋ oo ko hooreejo goomu nguu, hono senaateer Ayo Akinyelure, senaateer Mathew Urhoghide, senaateer Mrs Uche Ekwunife e senaateer Utazi Chukwuka. Ofehe mo sahaa kala ina siftora maayɗo Ogoni, daraniiɗo taariindi Ken Saro-Wiwa no jannginoowo makko yuɓɓinta kewuuji kala ñalnde 10 noowammbar ngam siftorde warngo Ken Saro-Wiwa e martiriiji Ogoni 8 ɓe mbaraa e hitaande 1995 e juuɗe laamu konu leydi Najeriya, hono maayɗo Gen. Sanni Abacha. == Politik == E hitaande 2017, Ofehe hollitii ngam suɓaade hooreejo leydi Delta wonde kanndidaa Kongres Progressive O wi'i o yiɗi o laato guwerneer ngam o timmina torraaji yimɓe maako nden.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://sunnewsonline.com/delta-guber-aspirant-sunny-ofehe-meets-constituents-in-lagos/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|title=Delta guber aspirant, Sunny Ofehe meets constituents in Lagos|date=2018-05-11|access-date=2018-05-29|newspaper=[[The Sun (Nigeria)|The Sun]]}}</ref> o waddana ceede ɗuuɗɗe haa lesdi Delta nden o usta jokkirgol ceede ko hewti petrol e dokkal lesdi ndi'i. Ofehe ɓaawo man ɗon ƴaɓɓoo laamu ɓaawo ardiiɓe lanndaaji mawɗi teddini, ɓe wi'i ɓe ɗon mari haaje hokkugo Chief Great Ogboru ngam o laato kanndidaajo APC ngam hitaande 2019. Ofehe mo yahdi e duuniyaaru bee anndal e hoolaare nder laylaytol maako ɗon hoosa hoore maako ‘kanndidaajo ɓurɗo wooɗugo ngam suɓol guwerneer nder lesdi Delta’. E hitaande 2022, Ofehe tabitinaama e dow nanondiral e nder wooteeji gadani ɗi lannda sukaaɓe ƴellitooɓe (YPP) ngam wonde kanndidaa lannda ka ngam suɓaade guwerneer diiwaan Delta e wooteeji 2023. E nder jeewte cuɓol guwerneer diiwaan Delta 2023 ɗe jeewte teleeji Arise yuɓɓini, Ofehe, e dow nanondiral, ñaawii ko ɓuri teeŋtude e yiɗde laaɓtunde e faandaare laamaade diiwaan oo .<ref>{{Cite AV media|title=Delta State Governorship debate 2023|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cT7ElghHDbY|date=2023-03-24|access-date=2025-11-30|via=YouTube|last=Dr. Sunny Ofehe}}</ref>Caggal suɓol ngol, ƴamoowo e guwerneer jooni oo, ɓamii mo ngam golloraade les njuɓɓudi makko ɗo o woni hannde balloowo kuuɓtodinɗo guwerneer Delta State, H.E. Sheriif Oborevwori ko faati e jokkondiral caggal leydi e geɗe diiwaan. O woni ko ɓooyaani toɗɗaa e Africa CEO Club ngam wonde cukko hooreejo, Duumagol Taariindi & Jokkondiral Orop. Golle makko teeŋtuɗe ko e jeewte ɗe mbaylata ko fayti e duunde Afrik to bannge duumingol, ardorde gollorɗe, e jokkondiral hakkunde UE e Afrik.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2025-11-13|title=Dr. Sunny Ofehe On Diaspora Diplomacy and Development in the Niger Delta - PAN AFRICAN VISIONS|url=https://panafricanvisions.com/2025/11/dr-sunny-ofehe-on-diaspora-diplomacy-and-development-in-the-niger-delta/|access-date=2025-12-05}}</ref> == Nguurndam neɗɗo == Ofehe woni Dorothy Faluy, ɓe ngondi gila hitaande 1997, ɓe resndi hitaande 2004 to wuro Benin, leydi Naajeeriya. Ɓe njogii ɓiɓɓe nayo (ɓiɓɓe worɓe) e taaniiko debbo. Ɓesngu nguu ina hoɗi to Rotterdam, to leydi Pays-Bas. Yumma Ofehe, mo duuɓi 60, ɓuuɓnaama haa o maayi e nder galle makko to wuro Benin ñalnde 4 oktoobar 2007, tawi ko warkoyeeɓe tuumaaɓe wonde warkoyeeɓe njoɓaaɓe. Duuɓi 10 Ofehe hokki yumma maako wirwirnde fotnde e hitaande 2017. Ko e wirwirnde nde'e mawɓe Naajeeriya'en ɗuuɗɓe tawtoranooɓe hiirde nden wasiyii mo ngam o tawtoree laamu nder cuɓi 2019 == Teddungal e anndinde == O wonii fedde to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde fedde toppitiinde ko fayti e ƴellitaare duumotoonde. Doktoraa tedduɗo e filosofi e politik renndo to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Prowess, Delaware, Amerik Ko o karallo mawɗo to bannge ƴellitaare winndereyankeewo, kadi ko o cukko hooreejo fedde toppitiinde ko fayti e duumagol e jokkondiral hakkunde Orop e nder fedde CEO Africa. Tergal yiilirde, nokkuure winndereere ngam ardiiɓe kesi (GCIL), London, leydi Biritaniya Gardiiɗo gollondiral winnderewal to Diplomat Link, Pays-Bas. Direkteer, Siin - Naajeeriya Luumooji & Naatgol ngam Siin - Afrik Smart Link Studio Njeenaari teddundi e nder nguurndam makko ngam wonde AMBASADEER e nder fedde Ambassadeur en Moƴƴere Adunaare (A Nations Volunteer) ngam mawninde "darnde makko nde o gollotoo e nuunɗal makko e ƴellitde politikaaji laamu moƴƴu e moƴƴere e neɗɗaagal e nder diiwaan makko." "Njeenaari ɓurndi moƴƴude" e nder hitaande 2024, ko kañum woni ɓurɗo newaade e jokkondire hakkunde leyɗeele e nder hitaande ndee. "Njeenaari Ambasadeer laamu moƴƴu winndere 2022" keɓɗo njeenaari ɓurndi moƴƴude e ardorde e golle winndere e hitaande ndee e nuunɗal. Heɓoowo njeenaari The Voice "2012 Afriknaajo ɓurɗo waawde taariindi" keɓɗo njeenaari. Ko kanko woni keɓɗo njeenaaje Africa4u Online ngam Afriknaaɓe e nder Orop. "Njeenaari ƴellitaare Afrik 2013" ngam mawninde darnde makko e darnde makko e ƴellitaare Afrik ummoraade e SLDF. "Keɓoowo njeenaari teddungal 2014" njeenaari njeenaari Afriknaajo (ADMA) to Pays-Bas. "Njeenaari 2014 Africa 4U Achievement Award wonande Afriknaaɓe to Hollande" ngam mawninde darnde makko teeŋtunde e ɓamtaare Afriknaaɓe to Hollande. AWOL Orop duunde "Njeenaari daraniiɓe jojjanɗe aadee 2016". Njeenaari Achievers Magazine Voice "Njeenaari limngal politik Afrik 2017" ngam mawninde golle makko e ardaade neɗɗaagu." 2017 Change Makers Club International (CMCi) "Njeenaari gollal moƴƴal ngam mawninde "golle makko moƴƴe e darnde makko keeriinde e mahngo renndo moƴƴo rewrude e darnde makko nafoore e ƴellitaare sukaaɓe e waylude renndo e ballal makko mawngal e yiɗde CMCi." "Njeenaari ɓurndi moƴƴude" ummoraade e Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe ngam Jaŋngooɓe Jaaɓihaaɗtirde makko to Benin, Benin – City, Nigeria ngam "nafooje makko keewɗe e nder golle makko cuɓaaɗe e darnde makko e nder renndo." Njeenaari Patron keeriindi ummoraade e Forum ONG'en leydi Delta e nder "Anndinde darnde makko mawnde e nder Peace & Sustainable Deve."loppitol lesdi Delta." {{Databox}}Tuugnorgal cax3sb9g0sh7u4kpn324znm0zr8w5re 0 42409 175684 2026-06-22T18:02:02Z Sirjat 14855 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1298906365|Mania River]]" 175684 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Maayo Mania''' ko [[Wokiro River|maayo]] to [[Madagaska|Madagaskaar]], ummortoongo e koɗli hakkundeeji duunde ndee, ina ɓuuɓtoo e nder maayo Mosammbik . Diiwaan Amoron'i Mania inniraa ko e ooɗoo maayo. Ko ɓuri heewde e jawdi ummoraade e nano ko maayooji Ivato, Imorona, [[Ikoly]], [[Menala]], e Sakeny, e bannge ñaamo mum ko maayo [[Fitanamaria]], [[Sakorendrika]], [[Manandona river|maayo Manandona]], [[Isakely|Isakeli]] e [[Iandratsay]] . Won eɓɓaande jokkiinde ngam mahngo wertallo ndiyam e maayo Mania, sara nokku Antetezambato . == Tuugnorgal == f34ydazgvcnak3l3ximss7xkqbpxzbe 175685 175684 2026-06-22T18:02:22Z Sirjat 14855 175685 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Maayo Mania''' ko [[Wokiro River|maayo]] to [[Madagaska|Madagaskaar]], ummortoongo e koɗli hakkundeeji duunde ndee, ina ɓuuɓtoo e nder maayo Mosammbik . Diiwaan Amoron'i Mania inniraa ko e ooɗoo maayo. Ko ɓuri heewde e jawdi ummoraade e nano ko maayooji Ivato, Imorona, [[Ikoly]], [[Menala]], e Sakeny, e bannge ñaamo mum ko maayo [[Fitanamaria]], [[Sakorendrika]], [[Manandona river|maayo Manandona]], [[Isakely|Isakeli]] e [[Iandratsay]] . Won eɓɓaande jokkiinde ngam mahngo wertallo ndiyam e maayo Mania, sara nokku Antetezambato . == Tuugnorgal == dgdiz0l8ev828qoh999m612yldz3e33 175686 175685 2026-06-22T18:03:06Z Sirjat 14855 175686 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Maayo Mania''' ko [[Wokiro River|maayo]] to [[Madagaska|Madagaskaar]], ummortoongo e koɗli hakkundeeji duunde ndee, ina ɓuuɓtoo e nder maayo Mosammbik . Diiwaan Amoron'i Mania inniraa ko e ooɗoo maayo. Ko ɓuri heewde e jawdi ummoraade e nano ko maayooji Ivato, Imorona, [[Ikoly]], [[Menala]], e Sakeny, e bannge ñaamo mum ko maayo [[Fitanamaria]], [[Sakorendrika]], [[Manandona river|maayo Manandona]], [[Isakely|Isakeli]] e [[Iandratsay]] . Won eɓɓaande jokkiinde ngam mahngo wertallo ndiyam e maayo Mania, sara nokku Antetezambato .<ref>[http://www.ore.mg/Publication/AMI/DAOANTETEZAMBATO.pdf DAO HYDRO SITE DE ANTETEZAMBATO AOIR N°002]</ref> == Tuugnorgal == 24w4zwbjsnhcjm5lpsg42qmpon0sh3l 0 42410 175687 2026-06-22T18:05:32Z Sirjat 14855 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1258164090|Mandrare River]]" 175687 wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Mandrare''''' ko maayo wonngo e diiwaan Anosy to fuɗnaange [[Madagaska|leydi Madagaskaar]] . Nde rewata ko e maayo Inndo sara Amboasary Sud . Ina wonta yooro e lebbi goɗɗi e hitaande. E hitaande 1957, sara Amboasary Sud, pont njamndi mboɗeeri 414m mahiraa, ko Anciens Ets Eiffel. 17ztjyu0mawx22b0uvfcp5pdgb11pp9 175688 175687 2026-06-22T18:05:53Z Sirjat 14855 175688 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''''Mandrare''''' ko maayo wonngo e diiwaan Anosy to fuɗnaange [[Madagaska|leydi Madagaskaar]] . Nde rewata ko e maayo Inndo sara Amboasary Sud . Ina wonta yooro e lebbi goɗɗi e hitaande. E hitaande 1957, sara Amboasary Sud, pont njamndi mboɗeeri 414m mahiraa, ko Anciens Ets Eiffel. is99ynbnewuilq6h30a7obdubfw6an7 0 42411 175689 2026-06-22T18:07:03Z Sirjat 14855 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1359663204|Mangoro River]]" 175689 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Carte_bassin_Mangoro.svg|left|thumb|baas mo Mangoro en]] '''Maayo Mangoro''' ko maayo ɓurngo mawnude e daande maayo fuɗnaange leydi [[Madagaska|Madagaskaar]] to bannge mawneeki e njuuteendi ndiyam, ko 300&nbsp;Njuuteeki mum ko km. == Yiyngo == Mangoro fuɗɗotoo ko to worgo-fuɗnaange wuro Anjozorobe to diiwaan Analamanga, ko ina tolnoo e 1 100 meeter. Maayo maggo adanngo ko maayo Onive (ngo hawrata e daande maayo ñaamo e 200).&nbsp;km ummoraade e ɓuuɓri maayo) e maayo Nosivolo . Hunduko mayre woni ko e maayo Indiya sara wuro Ambodiharina . Sabu ɓulli mum keewɗi, Mangoro ina jogii ndiyam toowɗam hitaande kala, ɗum noon ko maayo moƴƴo ngam waɗde rafting. Tuggude e hitaande 2012, fedde wiyeteende Sherritt International Corporation ina anniyii huutoraade maayo Mangoro ngam waɗde heen ndiyam ngam waɗde tuubakooɓe (slurry) jolnooɓe e miniraaji eɓɓaande Ambatovy, ɗum noon ina addana ɗum en kulhuli e weeyo. == Kulle ladde == Ina woodi ƴiye tokoose e nder taƴe ɓurɗe deeƴde e maayo ngoo, kono keewal mum en ina famɗi, ina jokki e ustaade. [[File:Madagascar_rivers.svg|left|thumb|Maayooji leydi Madagaskaar]] == Tuugnorgal == pxc7kk4xalkmr0nofr47p09yy7u37kn 175690 175689 2026-06-22T18:07:32Z Sirjat 14855 175690 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[File:Carte_bassin_Mangoro.svg|left|thumb|baas mo Mangoro en]] '''Maayo Mangoro''' ko maayo ɓurngo mawnude e daande maayo fuɗnaange leydi [[Madagaska|Madagaskaar]] to bannge mawneeki e njuuteendi ndiyam, ko 300&nbsp;Njuuteeki mum ko km. == Yiyngo == Mangoro fuɗɗotoo ko to worgo-fuɗnaange wuro Anjozorobe to diiwaan Analamanga, ko ina tolnoo e 1 100 meeter. Maayo maggo adanngo ko maayo Onive (ngo hawrata e daande maayo ñaamo e 200).&nbsp;km ummoraade e ɓuuɓri maayo) e maayo Nosivolo . Hunduko mayre woni ko e maayo Indiya sara wuro Ambodiharina . Sabu ɓulli mum keewɗi, Mangoro ina jogii ndiyam toowɗam hitaande kala, ɗum noon ko maayo moƴƴo ngam waɗde rafting. Tuggude e hitaande 2012, fedde wiyeteende Sherritt International Corporation ina anniyii huutoraade maayo Mangoro ngam waɗde heen ndiyam ngam waɗde tuubakooɓe (slurry) jolnooɓe e miniraaji eɓɓaande Ambatovy, ɗum noon ina addana ɗum en kulhuli e weeyo. == Kulle ladde == Ina woodi ƴiye tokoose e nder taƴe ɓurɗe deeƴde e maayo ngoo, kono keewal mum en ina famɗi, ina jokki e ustaade. [[File:Madagascar_rivers.svg|left|thumb|Maayooji leydi Madagaskaar]] == Tuugnorgal == kfqs1d9m7o7gh0thtkibn1rqn4plilu 0 42412 175691 2026-06-22T18:07:36Z Ilya Discuss 10103 #1Lib1Ref 175691 wikitext text/x-wiki Babafemi Olatunde Ogundipe (HeɗtoR) (6 suwee 1924 – 20 noowammbar 1971) ko gardiiɗo konu ɗiɗaɓo e hooreejo konu gadano, gardiiɗo konu toowngu tuggi lewru Yarkomaa 1966 haa lewru Ut 1966 e laamu Seneraal Major Johnson Aguiyi-Ironsi. O woniino Komiseer mawɗo leydi Najeriya to leydi Angalteer tuggi lewru suwee 1966 haa lewru ut 1970 e laamu konu Seneraal Yakubu Gowon. Nguurndam gadano O jibinaa ko ñalnde 6 lewru Seeɗto hitaande 1924, jibnaaɓe makko ko Yoruba en, ummoriiɓe Ago-Iwoye, to diiwaan Ogun hannde oo, to hirnaange leydi Najeriya. Golle konu O naati e konu laamɗo Afrik worgo e hitaande 1941, o golliima to Birmaani hakkunde 1942 e 1945. O arti e konu Afrik hirnaange, o heɓi komisoŋ juutɗo e golle lietnaa ɗiɗaɓo e lewru ut 1953. E lewru desaambar 1956, o yamiraa e konu liieen senior gila e Ja2 1952. O toɗɗaama Kapiteen, e mawngu gila lewru Yarkomaa 1955, e lewru Duujal 1956. Ñalnde 1 Oktoobar 1960, kanko e ko ɓuri heewde e ofiseeji Naajeeriya e nder konu laamɗo Nijeer, o woppi golle makko nde o toɗɗaa e komisiyoŋ e nder konu laamɗo Nijeer. O ummii e darnde Birigadier e nder konu Naajeeriya (ko dartinoo anndeede konu laamɗo Naajeeriya nde Naajeeriya wonti republique ñalnde 1 oktoobar 1963) e lewru mee 1964. O waɗii njilluuji keewɗi e nder wolde Konngo, e nder fedde konu Naajeeriya to fedde toppitiinde konu leydi Najeriya - ONUC - hakkunde 1960 e 1963, ina jeyaa heen wonde Kumanndaa ONUC, Sektor Kasai e Kbngolo e Komandaa Konu Naajeeriya, e wonde Staef ONUC. E joofnirde golle makko to Konngo, o arti e leydi Niiseer, o woni gardiiɗo brigade ɗiɗaɓo konu leydi Nijeer to Lagos, o woni ɗoon haa lewru suwee 1964, nde o yalti ngam janngude to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Imperial Defense College (hannde ko duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Royal Defense Studies) to Londres. E joofnirde jaŋde makko to IDC, o woni ko e wuro London, o woni Attaché militaire to Komisariyaa mawɗo leydi Najeriya, ɗo o woni ɗoo e sahaa nde o waɗi kuudetaa e lewru Yarkomaa to leydi Najeriya. Mawɗo konu, Joɗnde Toownde Caggal kuudetaa o, o arti leydi Naajeeriya, ngam wonde hooreejo konu leydi ndii, gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi ndii (de facto cukko hooreejo leydi) hakkunde lewru Yarkomaa 1966 e lewru Ut 1966. Caggal kuudetaa ƴiiƴam ɗam fooli Aguiyi-Ironsi, o yalti leydi ndii o fayti leydi Angalteer. O ñiŋaama e won e nokkuuji sabu makko salaade heɓtude mantol laamu komanndaa makko toowɗo, mo o waraa e kuudetaa lewru ut 1966, tee ɗuum ina ɓeyda warngooji baɗnooɗi caggal ɗuum. Ko kanko woni ofisee militeer ɓurɗo mawnude caggal maayde Aguiyi-Ironsi, miijo ngo ko kanko fotnoo ƴettude laamu. Ko goonga noon, ɗum wonaano huunde waawnde wonde, nde o waɗata. O alaa konu, o waawaano tuugnaade e yimɓe seeɗa ɓe o joginoo, heewɓe e maɓɓe ko worgo, ɓe njiɗaa ƴettude yamiroore e juuɗe Kerecee’en fuɗnaange. Yanti heen, ko o soldaat, o alaano yiɗde politik keeriiɗo. O faami dow hisnugo lesdi Naajeeriya bana lesdi woore, ɗum ɗon holla Kerecee’en fombinaare waawataa jogaago lesdi ndi’i, nden o wurtini hoore maako nder eɓɓoore laamu nden o jaɓi Yakubu Gowon (duuɓi ɗuuɗɗi ko ɓuri maako) bana hooreejo laamu sooja’en kesum. Komiseer mawɗo to Londres Caggal nanondiral e laamu konu kesu ngu Seneraal Yakubu Gowon ardii, o ummii leydi ndi o fayti leydi Biritaan, o tawtoraama batu ardiiɓe laamuuji Commonwealth hitaande 1966, o woni wakiliijo leydi Naajeeriya e lewru suwee. Caggal mum o ƴetti toɗɗagol to London ngam wonde Komisinaajo mawɗo leydi Najeriya to leydi Angalteer, golle ɗe o waɗi duuɓi nay ɗo o waɗi darnde tiiɗnde ngam heɓde ballal materiel leydi Najeriya ngam wolde hakkunde leyɗeele Najeriya. O woppi golle laamu e lewru ut 1970. Wade O sankii ko rafi ɓernde to Londres ñalnde 20 noowammbar 1971. Ƴeew kadi Republique Naajeeriya arandeere Hare nder leydi Naajeeriya Tuugnorgal 4ohsp4iv64nc2ql1f3vlzfrucwukrdt 175692 175691 2026-06-22T18:09:42Z Ilya Discuss 10103 #1Lib1Ref 175692 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Babafemi Olatunde Ogundipe (HeɗtoR) (6 suwee 1924 – 20 noowammbar 1971) ko gardiiɗo konu ɗiɗaɓo e hooreejo konu gadano, gardiiɗo konu toowngu tuggi lewru Yarkomaa 1966 haa lewru Ut 1966 e laamu Seneraal Major Johnson Aguiyi-Ironsi. O woniino Komiseer mawɗo leydi Najeriya to leydi Angalteer tuggi lewru suwee 1966 haa lewru ut 1970 e laamu konu Seneraal Yakubu Gowon. Nguurndam gadano O jibinaa ko ñalnde 6 lewru Seeɗto hitaande 1924, jibnaaɓe makko ko Yoruba en, ummoriiɓe Ago-Iwoye, to diiwaan Ogun hannde oo, to hirnaange leydi Najeriya. Golle konu O naati e konu laamɗo Afrik worgo e hitaande 1941, o golliima to Birmaani hakkunde 1942 e 1945. O arti e konu Afrik hirnaange, o heɓi komisoŋ juutɗo e golle lietnaa ɗiɗaɓo e lewru ut 1953. E lewru desaambar 1956, o yamiraa e konu liieen senior gila e Ja2 1952. O toɗɗaama Kapiteen, e mawngu gila lewru Yarkomaa 1955, e lewru Duujal 1956. Ñalnde 1 Oktoobar 1960, kanko e ko ɓuri heewde e ofiseeji Naajeeriya e nder konu laamɗo Nijeer, o woppi golle makko nde o toɗɗaa e komisiyoŋ e nder konu laamɗo Nijeer. O ummii e darnde Birigadier e nder konu Naajeeriya (ko dartinoo anndeede konu laamɗo Naajeeriya nde Naajeeriya wonti republique ñalnde 1 oktoobar 1963) e lewru mee 1964. O waɗii njilluuji keewɗi e nder wolde Konngo, e nder fedde konu Naajeeriya to fedde toppitiinde konu leydi Najeriya - ONUC - hakkunde 1960 e 1963, ina jeyaa heen wonde Kumanndaa ONUC, Sektor Kasai e Kbngolo e Komandaa Konu Naajeeriya, e wonde Staef ONUC. E joofnirde golle makko to Konngo, o arti e leydi Niiseer, o woni gardiiɗo brigade ɗiɗaɓo konu leydi Nijeer to Lagos, o woni ɗoon haa lewru suwee 1964, nde o yalti ngam janngude to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Imperial Defense College (hannde ko duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Royal Defense Studies) to Londres. E joofnirde jaŋde makko to IDC, o woni ko e wuro London, o woni Attaché militaire to Komisariyaa mawɗo leydi Najeriya, ɗo o woni ɗoo e sahaa nde o waɗi kuudetaa e lewru Yarkomaa to leydi Najeriya. Mawɗo konu, Joɗnde Toownde Caggal kuudetaa o, o arti leydi Naajeeriya, ngam wonde hooreejo konu leydi ndii, gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi ndii (de facto cukko hooreejo leydi) hakkunde lewru Yarkomaa 1966 e lewru Ut 1966. Caggal kuudetaa ƴiiƴam ɗam fooli Aguiyi-Ironsi, o yalti leydi ndii o fayti leydi Angalteer. O ñiŋaama e won e nokkuuji sabu makko salaade heɓtude mantol laamu komanndaa makko toowɗo, mo o waraa e kuudetaa lewru ut 1966, tee ɗuum ina ɓeyda warngooji baɗnooɗi caggal ɗuum. Ko kanko woni ofisee militeer ɓurɗo mawnude caggal maayde Aguiyi-Ironsi, miijo ngo ko kanko fotnoo ƴettude laamu. Ko goonga noon, ɗum wonaano huunde waawnde wonde, nde o waɗata. O alaa konu, o waawaano tuugnaade e yimɓe seeɗa ɓe o joginoo, heewɓe e maɓɓe ko worgo, ɓe njiɗaa ƴettude yamiroore e juuɗe Kerecee’en fuɗnaange. Yanti heen, ko o soldaat, o alaano yiɗde politik keeriiɗo. O faami dow hisnugo lesdi Naajeeriya bana lesdi woore, ɗum ɗon holla Kerecee’en fombinaare waawataa jogaago lesdi ndi’i, nden o wurtini hoore maako nder eɓɓoore laamu nden o jaɓi Yakubu Gowon (duuɓi ɗuuɗɗi ko ɓuri maako) bana hooreejo laamu sooja’en kesum. Komiseer mawɗo to Londres Caggal nanondiral e laamu konu kesu ngu Seneraal Yakubu Gowon ardii, o ummii leydi ndi o fayti leydi Biritaan, o tawtoraama batu ardiiɓe laamuuji Commonwealth hitaande 1966, o woni wakiliijo leydi Naajeeriya e lewru suwee. Caggal mum o ƴetti toɗɗagol to London ngam wonde Komisinaajo mawɗo leydi Najeriya to leydi Angalteer, golle ɗe o waɗi duuɓi nay ɗo o waɗi darnde tiiɗnde ngam heɓde ballal materiel leydi Najeriya ngam wolde hakkunde leyɗeele Najeriya. O woppi golle laamu e lewru ut 1970. Wade O sankii ko rafi ɓernde to Londres ñalnde 20 noowammbar 1971. Ƴeew kadi Republique Naajeeriya arandeere Hare nder leydi Naajeeriya Tuugnorgal qo0n3dzt6xyjvi9swgvw211cgjteiwt 175693 175692 2026-06-22T18:10:18Z Ilya Discuss 10103 #1Lib1Ref 175693 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Babafemi Olatunde Ogundipe''' (HeɗtoR) (6 suwee 1924 – 20 noowammbar 1971) ko gardiiɗo konu ɗiɗaɓo e hooreejo konu gadano, gardiiɗo konu toowngu tuggi lewru Yarkomaa 1966 haa lewru Ut 1966 e laamu Seneraal Major Johnson Aguiyi-Ironsi. O woniino Komiseer mawɗo leydi Najeriya to leydi Angalteer tuggi lewru suwee 1966 haa lewru ut 1970 e laamu konu Seneraal Yakubu Gowon. === Nguurndam gadano === O jibinaa ko ñalnde 6 lewru Seeɗto hitaande 1924, jibnaaɓe makko ko Yoruba en, ummoriiɓe Ago-Iwoye, to diiwaan Ogun hannde oo, to hirnaange leydi Najeriya. Golle konu O naati e konu laamɗo Afrik worgo e hitaande 1941, o golliima to Birmaani hakkunde 1942 e 1945. O arti e konu Afrik hirnaange, o heɓi komisoŋ juutɗo e golle lietnaa ɗiɗaɓo e lewru ut 1953. E lewru desaambar 1956, o yamiraa e konu liieen senior gila e Ja2 1952. O toɗɗaama Kapiteen, e mawngu gila lewru Yarkomaa 1955, e lewru Duujal 1956. Ñalnde 1 Oktoobar 1960, kanko e ko ɓuri heewde e ofiseeji Naajeeriya e nder konu laamɗo Nijeer, o woppi golle makko nde o toɗɗaa e komisiyoŋ e nder konu laamɗo Nijeer. O ummii e darnde Birigadier e nder konu Naajeeriya (ko dartinoo anndeede konu laamɗo Naajeeriya nde Naajeeriya wonti republique ñalnde 1 oktoobar 1963) e lewru mee 1964. O waɗii njilluuji keewɗi e nder wolde Konngo, e nder fedde konu Naajeeriya to fedde toppitiinde konu leydi Najeriya - ONUC - hakkunde 1960 e 1963, ina jeyaa heen wonde Kumanndaa ONUC, Sektor Kasai e Kbngolo e Komandaa Konu Naajeeriya, e wonde Staef ONUC. E joofnirde golle makko to Konngo, o arti e leydi Niiseer, o woni gardiiɗo brigade ɗiɗaɓo konu leydi Nijeer to Lagos, o woni ɗoon haa lewru suwee 1964, nde o yalti ngam janngude to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Imperial Defense College (hannde ko duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Royal Defense Studies) to Londres. E joofnirde jaŋde makko to IDC, o woni ko e wuro London, o woni Attaché militaire to Komisariyaa mawɗo leydi Najeriya, ɗo o woni ɗoo e sahaa nde o waɗi kuudetaa e lewru Yarkomaa to leydi Najeriya. Mawɗo konu, Joɗnde Toownde Caggal kuudetaa o, o arti leydi Naajeeriya, ngam wonde hooreejo konu leydi ndii, gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi ndii (de facto cukko hooreejo leydi) hakkunde lewru Yarkomaa 1966 e lewru Ut 1966. Caggal kuudetaa ƴiiƴam ɗam fooli Aguiyi-Ironsi, o yalti leydi ndii o fayti leydi Angalteer. O ñiŋaama e won e nokkuuji sabu makko salaade heɓtude mantol laamu komanndaa makko toowɗo, mo o waraa e kuudetaa lewru ut 1966, tee ɗuum ina ɓeyda warngooji baɗnooɗi caggal ɗuum. Ko kanko woni ofisee militeer ɓurɗo mawnude caggal maayde Aguiyi-Ironsi, miijo ngo ko kanko fotnoo ƴettude laamu. Ko goonga noon, ɗum wonaano huunde waawnde wonde, nde o waɗata. O alaa konu, o waawaano tuugnaade e yimɓe seeɗa ɓe o joginoo, heewɓe e maɓɓe ko worgo, ɓe njiɗaa ƴettude yamiroore e juuɗe Kerecee’en fuɗnaange. Yanti heen, ko o soldaat, o alaano yiɗde politik keeriiɗo. O faami dow hisnugo lesdi Naajeeriya bana lesdi woore, ɗum ɗon holla Kerecee’en fombinaare waawataa jogaago lesdi ndi’i, nden o wurtini hoore maako nder eɓɓoore laamu nden o jaɓi Yakubu Gowon (duuɓi ɗuuɗɗi ko ɓuri maako) bana hooreejo laamu sooja’en kesum. Komiseer mawɗo to Londres Caggal nanondiral e laamu konu kesu ngu Seneraal Yakubu Gowon ardii, o ummii leydi ndi o fayti leydi Biritaan, o tawtoraama batu ardiiɓe laamuuji Commonwealth hitaande 1966, o woni wakiliijo leydi Naajeeriya e lewru suwee. Caggal mum o ƴetti toɗɗagol to London ngam wonde Komisinaajo mawɗo leydi Najeriya to leydi Angalteer, golle ɗe o waɗi duuɓi nay ɗo o waɗi darnde tiiɗnde ngam heɓde ballal materiel leydi Najeriya ngam wolde hakkunde leyɗeele Najeriya. O woppi golle laamu e lewru ut 1970. Wade O sankii ko rafi ɓernde to Londres ñalnde 20 noowammbar 1971. Ƴeew kadi Republique Naajeeriya arandeere Hare nder leydi Naajeeriya Tuugnorgal fq3xfqu0pk4n4vvrkoekjoxxyu0tmrq 175694 175693 2026-06-22T18:11:30Z Ilya Discuss 10103 #1Lib1Ref 175694 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Babafemi Olatunde Ogundipe''' (HeɗtoR) (6 suwee 1924 – 20 noowammbar 1971) ko gardiiɗo konu ɗiɗaɓo e hooreejo konu gadano, gardiiɗo konu toowngu tuggi lewru Yarkomaa 1966 haa lewru Ut 1966 e laamu Seneraal Major Johnson Aguiyi-Ironsi. O woniino Komiseer mawɗo leydi Najeriya to leydi Angalteer tuggi lewru suwee 1966 haa lewru ut 1970 e laamu konu Seneraal Yakubu Gowon. === Nguurndam gadano === O jibinaa ko ñalnde 6 lewru Seeɗto hitaande 1924, jibnaaɓe makko ko Yoruba en, ummoriiɓe Ago-Iwoye, to diiwaan Ogun hannde oo, to hirnaange leydi Najeriya. == Golle konu == O naati e konu laamɗo Afrik worgo e hitaande 1941, o golliima to Birmaani hakkunde 1942 e 1945. O arti e konu Afrik hirnaange, o heɓi komisoŋ juutɗo e golle lietnaa ɗiɗaɓo e lewru ut 1953. E lewru desaambar 1956, o yamiraa e konu liieen senior gila e Ja2 1952. O toɗɗaama Kapiteen, e mawngu gila lewru Yarkomaa 1955, e lewru Duujal 1956. Ñalnde 1 Oktoobar 1960, kanko e ko ɓuri heewde e ofiseeji Naajeeriya e nder konu laamɗo Nijeer, o woppi golle makko nde o toɗɗaa e komisiyoŋ e nder konu laamɗo Nijeer. O ummii e darnde Birigadier e nder konu Naajeeriya (ko dartinoo anndeede konu laamɗo Naajeeriya nde Naajeeriya wonti republique ñalnde 1 oktoobar 1963) e lewru mee 1964. O waɗii njilluuji keewɗi e nder wolde Konngo, e nder fedde konu Naajeeriya to fedde toppitiinde konu leydi Najeriya - ONUC - hakkunde 1960 e 1963, ina jeyaa heen wonde Kumanndaa ONUC, Sektor Kasai e Kbngolo e Komandaa Konu Naajeeriya, e wonde Staef ONUC. E joofnirde golle makko to Konngo, o arti e leydi Niiseer, o woni gardiiɗo brigade ɗiɗaɓo konu leydi Nijeer to Lagos, o woni ɗoon haa lewru suwee 1964, nde o yalti ngam janngude to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Imperial Defense College (hannde ko duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Royal Defense Studies) to Londres. E joofnirde jaŋde makko to IDC, o woni ko e wuro London, o woni Attaché militaire to Komisariyaa mawɗo leydi Najeriya, ɗo o woni ɗoo e sahaa nde o waɗi kuudetaa e lewru Yarkomaa to leydi Najeriya. Mawɗo konu, Joɗnde Toownde Caggal kuudetaa o, o arti leydi Naajeeriya, ngam wonde hooreejo konu leydi ndii, gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi ndii (de facto cukko hooreejo leydi) hakkunde lewru Yarkomaa 1966 e lewru Ut 1966. Caggal kuudetaa ƴiiƴam ɗam fooli Aguiyi-Ironsi, o yalti leydi ndii o fayti leydi Angalteer. O ñiŋaama e won e nokkuuji sabu makko salaade heɓtude mantol laamu komanndaa makko toowɗo, mo o waraa e kuudetaa lewru ut 1966, tee ɗuum ina ɓeyda warngooji baɗnooɗi caggal ɗuum. Ko kanko woni ofisee militeer ɓurɗo mawnude caggal maayde Aguiyi-Ironsi, miijo ngo ko kanko fotnoo ƴettude laamu. Ko goonga noon, ɗum wonaano huunde waawnde wonde, nde o waɗata. O alaa konu, o waawaano tuugnaade e yimɓe seeɗa ɓe o joginoo, heewɓe e maɓɓe ko worgo, ɓe njiɗaa ƴettude yamiroore e juuɗe Kerecee’en fuɗnaange. Yanti heen, ko o soldaat, o alaano yiɗde politik keeriiɗo. O faami dow hisnugo lesdi Naajeeriya bana lesdi woore, ɗum ɗon holla Kerecee’en fombinaare waawataa jogaago lesdi ndi’i, nden o wurtini hoore maako nder eɓɓoore laamu nden o jaɓi Yakubu Gowon (duuɓi ɗuuɗɗi ko ɓuri maako) bana hooreejo laamu sooja’en kesum. Komiseer mawɗo to Londres Caggal nanondiral e laamu konu kesu ngu Seneraal Yakubu Gowon ardii, o ummii leydi ndi o fayti leydi Biritaan, o tawtoraama batu ardiiɓe laamuuji Commonwealth hitaande 1966, o woni wakiliijo leydi Naajeeriya e lewru suwee. Caggal mum o ƴetti toɗɗagol to London ngam wonde Komisinaajo mawɗo leydi Najeriya to leydi Angalteer, golle ɗe o waɗi duuɓi nay ɗo o waɗi darnde tiiɗnde ngam heɓde ballal materiel leydi Najeriya ngam wolde hakkunde leyɗeele Najeriya. O woppi golle laamu e lewru ut 1970. == Wade == O sankii ko rafi ɓernde to Londres ñalnde 20 noowammbar 1971. == Ƴeew kadi == Republique Naajeeriya arandeere Hare nder leydi Naajeeriya == Tuugnorgal == bkuqzppdfqez5wal0pljxuxtf6wdb1n 175695 175694 2026-06-22T18:14:30Z Ilya Discuss 10103 #1Lib1Ref 175695 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Babafemi Olatunde Ogundipe''' (HeɗtoR) (6 suwee 1924 – 20 noowammbar 1971) ko gardiiɗo konu ɗiɗaɓo e hooreejo konu gadano, gardiiɗo konu toowngu tuggi lewru Yarkomaa 1966 haa lewru Ut 1966 e laamu Seneraal Major Johnson Aguiyi-Ironsi. O woniino Komiseer mawɗo leydi Najeriya to leydi Angalteer tuggi lewru suwee 1966 haa lewru ut 1970 e laamu konu Seneraal Yakubu Gowon.<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=The London Gazette|url=https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/39984/supplement/5423/data.pdf|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=|website=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=Supplement to The London Gazette|url=https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/40944/supplement/7011/data.pdf|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=|website=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=Supplement to The London Gazette, 15th November 1960|url=https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/42191/supplement/7733/data.pdf|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=|website=}}</ref> === Nguurndam gadano === O jibinaa ko ñalnde 6 lewru Seeɗto hitaande 1924, jibnaaɓe makko ko Yoruba en, ummoriiɓe Ago-Iwoye, to diiwaan Ogun hannde oo, to hirnaange leydi Najeriya. == Golle konu == O naati e konu laamɗo Afrik worgo e hitaande 1941, o golliima to Birmaani hakkunde 1942 e 1945. O arti e konu Afrik hirnaange, o heɓi komisoŋ juutɗo e golle lietnaa ɗiɗaɓo e lewru ut 1953. E lewru desaambar 1956, o yamiraa e konu liieen senior gila e Ja2 1952. O toɗɗaama Kapiteen, e mawngu gila lewru Yarkomaa 1955, e lewru Duujal 1956. Ñalnde 1 Oktoobar 1960, kanko e ko ɓuri heewde e ofiseeji Naajeeriya e nder konu laamɗo Nijeer, o woppi golle makko nde o toɗɗaa e komisiyoŋ e nder konu laamɗo Nijeer. O ummii e darnde Birigadier e nder konu Naajeeriya (ko dartinoo anndeede konu laamɗo Naajeeriya nde Naajeeriya wonti republique ñalnde 1 oktoobar 1963) e lewru mee 1964. O waɗii njilluuji keewɗi e nder wolde Konngo, e nder fedde konu Naajeeriya to fedde toppitiinde konu leydi Najeriya - ONUC - hakkunde 1960 e 1963, ina jeyaa heen wonde Kumanndaa ONUC, Sektor Kasai e Kbngolo e Komandaa Konu Naajeeriya, e wonde Staef ONUC. E joofnirde golle makko to Konngo, o arti e leydi Niiseer, o woni gardiiɗo brigade ɗiɗaɓo konu leydi Nijeer to Lagos, o woni ɗoon haa lewru suwee 1964, nde o yalti ngam janngude to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Imperial Defense College (hannde ko duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Royal Defense Studies) to Londres. E joofnirde jaŋde makko to IDC, o woni ko e wuro London, o woni Attaché militaire to Komisariyaa mawɗo leydi Najeriya, ɗo o woni ɗoo e sahaa nde o waɗi kuudetaa e lewru Yarkomaa to leydi Najeriya. Mawɗo konu, Joɗnde Toownde Caggal kuudetaa o, o arti leydi Naajeeriya, ngam wonde hooreejo konu leydi ndii, gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi ndii (de facto cukko hooreejo leydi) hakkunde lewru Yarkomaa 1966 e lewru Ut 1966. Caggal kuudetaa ƴiiƴam ɗam fooli Aguiyi-Ironsi, o yalti leydi ndii o fayti leydi Angalteer. O ñiŋaama e won e nokkuuji sabu makko salaade heɓtude mantol laamu komanndaa makko toowɗo, mo o waraa e kuudetaa lewru ut 1966, tee ɗuum ina ɓeyda warngooji baɗnooɗi caggal ɗuum. Ko kanko woni ofisee militeer ɓurɗo mawnude caggal maayde Aguiyi-Ironsi, miijo ngo ko kanko fotnoo ƴettude laamu. Ko goonga noon, ɗum wonaano huunde waawnde wonde, nde o waɗata. O alaa konu, o waawaano tuugnaade e yimɓe seeɗa ɓe o joginoo, heewɓe e maɓɓe ko worgo, ɓe njiɗaa ƴettude yamiroore e juuɗe Kerecee’en fuɗnaange. Yanti heen, ko o soldaat, o alaano yiɗde politik keeriiɗo. O faami dow hisnugo lesdi Naajeeriya bana lesdi woore, ɗum ɗon holla Kerecee’en fombinaare waawataa jogaago lesdi ndi’i, nden o wurtini hoore maako nder eɓɓoore laamu nden o jaɓi Yakubu Gowon (duuɓi ɗuuɗɗi ko ɓuri maako) bana hooreejo laamu sooja’en kesum. Komiseer mawɗo to Londres Caggal nanondiral e laamu konu kesu ngu Seneraal Yakubu Gowon ardii, o ummii leydi ndi o fayti leydi Biritaan, o tawtoraama batu ardiiɓe laamuuji Commonwealth hitaande 1966, o woni wakiliijo leydi Naajeeriya e lewru suwee. Caggal mum o ƴetti toɗɗagol to London ngam wonde Komisinaajo mawɗo leydi Najeriya to leydi Angalteer, golle ɗe o waɗi duuɓi nay ɗo o waɗi darnde tiiɗnde ngam heɓde ballal materiel leydi Najeriya ngam wolde hakkunde leyɗeele Najeriya. O woppi golle laamu e lewru ut 1970. == Wade == O sankii ko rafi ɓernde to Londres ñalnde 20 noowammbar 1971. == Ƴeew kadi == Republique Naajeeriya arandeere Hare nder leydi Naajeeriya == Tuugnorgal == 6txpjumcfebm28wp7k2ilzcde9aoovx 175696 175695 2026-06-22T18:15:51Z Ilya Discuss 10103 #1Lib1Ref 175696 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Babafemi Olatunde Ogundipe''' (HeɗtoR) (6 suwee 1924 – 20 noowammbar 1971) ko gardiiɗo konu ɗiɗaɓo e hooreejo konu gadano, gardiiɗo konu toowngu tuggi lewru Yarkomaa 1966 haa lewru Ut 1966 e laamu Seneraal Major Johnson Aguiyi-Ironsi. O woniino Komiseer mawɗo leydi Najeriya to leydi Angalteer tuggi lewru suwee 1966 haa lewru ut 1970 e laamu konu Seneraal Yakubu Gowon.<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=The London Gazette|url=https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/39984/supplement/5423/data.pdf|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=|website=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=Supplement to The London Gazette|url=https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/40944/supplement/7011/data.pdf|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=|website=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=Supplement to The London Gazette, 15th November 1960|url=https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/42191/supplement/7733/data.pdf|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=|website=}}</ref> === Nguurndam gadano === O jibinaa ko ñalnde 6 lewru Seeɗto hitaande 1924, jibnaaɓe makko ko Yoruba en, ummoriiɓe Ago-Iwoye, to diiwaan Ogun hannde oo, to hirnaange leydi Najeriya.<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Inside Story of Nigeria|url=http://www.gamji.com/article5000/NEWS5254.htm|access-date=2020-08-07|website=www.gamji.com}}</ref> == Golle konu == O naati e konu laamɗo Afrik worgo e hitaande 1941, o golliima to Birmaani hakkunde 1942 e 1945. O arti e konu Afrik hirnaange, o heɓi komisoŋ juutɗo e golle lietnaa ɗiɗaɓo e lewru ut 1953. E lewru desaambar 1956, o yamiraa e konu liieen senior gila e Ja2 1952. O toɗɗaama Kapiteen, e mawngu gila lewru Yarkomaa 1955, e lewru Duujal 1956. Ñalnde 1 Oktoobar 1960, kanko e ko ɓuri heewde e ofiseeji Naajeeriya e nder konu laamɗo Nijeer, o woppi golle makko nde o toɗɗaa e komisiyoŋ e nder konu laamɗo Nijeer. O ummii e darnde Birigadier e nder konu Naajeeriya (ko dartinoo anndeede konu laamɗo Naajeeriya nde Naajeeriya wonti republique ñalnde 1 oktoobar 1963) e lewru mee 1964. O waɗii njilluuji keewɗi e nder wolde Konngo, e nder fedde konu Naajeeriya to fedde toppitiinde konu leydi Najeriya - ONUC - hakkunde 1960 e 1963, ina jeyaa heen wonde Kumanndaa ONUC, Sektor Kasai e Kbngolo e Komandaa Konu Naajeeriya, e wonde Staef ONUC. E joofnirde golle makko to Konngo, o arti e leydi Niiseer, o woni gardiiɗo brigade ɗiɗaɓo konu leydi Nijeer to Lagos, o woni ɗoon haa lewru suwee 1964, nde o yalti ngam janngude to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Imperial Defense College (hannde ko duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Royal Defense Studies) to Londres. E joofnirde jaŋde makko to IDC, o woni ko e wuro London, o woni Attaché militaire to Komisariyaa mawɗo leydi Najeriya, ɗo o woni ɗoo e sahaa nde o waɗi kuudetaa e lewru Yarkomaa to leydi Najeriya. Mawɗo konu, Joɗnde Toownde Caggal kuudetaa o, o arti leydi Naajeeriya, ngam wonde hooreejo konu leydi ndii, gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi ndii (de facto cukko hooreejo leydi) hakkunde lewru Yarkomaa 1966 e lewru Ut 1966. Caggal kuudetaa ƴiiƴam ɗam fooli Aguiyi-Ironsi, o yalti leydi ndii o fayti leydi Angalteer. O ñiŋaama e won e nokkuuji sabu makko salaade heɓtude mantol laamu komanndaa makko toowɗo, mo o waraa e kuudetaa lewru ut 1966, tee ɗuum ina ɓeyda warngooji baɗnooɗi caggal ɗuum. Ko kanko woni ofisee militeer ɓurɗo mawnude caggal maayde Aguiyi-Ironsi, miijo ngo ko kanko fotnoo ƴettude laamu. Ko goonga noon, ɗum wonaano huunde waawnde wonde, nde o waɗata. O alaa konu, o waawaano tuugnaade e yimɓe seeɗa ɓe o joginoo, heewɓe e maɓɓe ko worgo, ɓe njiɗaa ƴettude yamiroore e juuɗe Kerecee’en fuɗnaange. Yanti heen, ko o soldaat, o alaano yiɗde politik keeriiɗo. O faami dow hisnugo lesdi Naajeeriya bana lesdi woore, ɗum ɗon holla Kerecee’en fombinaare waawataa jogaago lesdi ndi’i, nden o wurtini hoore maako nder eɓɓoore laamu nden o jaɓi Yakubu Gowon (duuɓi ɗuuɗɗi ko ɓuri maako) bana hooreejo laamu sooja’en kesum. Komiseer mawɗo to Londres Caggal nanondiral e laamu konu kesu ngu Seneraal Yakubu Gowon ardii, o ummii leydi ndi o fayti leydi Biritaan, o tawtoraama batu ardiiɓe laamuuji Commonwealth hitaande 1966, o woni wakiliijo leydi Naajeeriya e lewru suwee. Caggal mum o ƴetti toɗɗagol to London ngam wonde Komisinaajo mawɗo leydi Najeriya to leydi Angalteer, golle ɗe o waɗi duuɓi nay ɗo o waɗi darnde tiiɗnde ngam heɓde ballal materiel leydi Najeriya ngam wolde hakkunde leyɗeele Najeriya. O woppi golle laamu e lewru ut 1970. == Wade == O sankii ko rafi ɓernde to Londres ñalnde 20 noowammbar 1971. == Ƴeew kadi == Republique Naajeeriya arandeere Hare nder leydi Naajeeriya == Tuugnorgal == 6jytp6lrwumjtyx92yeduq0ggn8p1py 175697 175696 2026-06-22T18:18:02Z Ilya Discuss 10103 #1Lib1Ref 175697 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Babafemi Olatunde Ogundipe''' (HeɗtoR) (6 suwee 1924 – 20 noowammbar 1971) ko gardiiɗo konu ɗiɗaɓo e hooreejo konu gadano, gardiiɗo konu toowngu tuggi lewru Yarkomaa 1966 haa lewru Ut 1966 e laamu Seneraal Major Johnson Aguiyi-Ironsi. O woniino Komiseer mawɗo leydi Najeriya to leydi Angalteer tuggi lewru suwee 1966 haa lewru ut 1970 e laamu konu Seneraal Yakubu Gowon.<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=The London Gazette|url=https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/39984/supplement/5423/data.pdf|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=|website=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=Supplement to The London Gazette|url=https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/40944/supplement/7011/data.pdf|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=|website=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=Supplement to The London Gazette, 15th November 1960|url=https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/42191/supplement/7733/data.pdf|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=|website=}}</ref> === Nguurndam gadano === O jibinaa ko ñalnde 6 lewru Seeɗto hitaande 1924, jibnaaɓe makko ko Yoruba en, ummoriiɓe Ago-Iwoye, to diiwaan Ogun hannde oo, to hirnaange leydi Najeriya.<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Inside Story of Nigeria|url=http://www.gamji.com/article5000/NEWS5254.htm|access-date=2020-08-07|website=www.gamji.com}}</ref> == Golle konu == O naati e konu laamɗo Afrik worgo e hitaande 1941, o golliima to Birmaani hakkunde 1942 e 1945. O arti e konu Afrik hirnaange, o heɓi komisoŋ juutɗo e golle lietnaa ɗiɗaɓo e lewru ut 1953. E lewru desaambar 1956, o yamiraa e konu liieen senior gila e Ja2 1952. O toɗɗaama Kapiteen, e mawngu gila lewru Yarkomaa 1955, e lewru Duujal 1956. Ñalnde 1 Oktoobar 1960, kanko e ko ɓuri heewde e ofiseeji Naajeeriya e nder konu laamɗo Nijeer, o woppi golle makko nde o toɗɗaa e komisiyoŋ e nder konu laamɗo Nijeer. O ummii e darnde Birigadier e nder konu Naajeeriya (ko dartinoo anndeede konu laamɗo Naajeeriya nde Naajeeriya wonti republique ñalnde 1 oktoobar 1963) e lewru mee 1964.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-12-27|title=Ironsi's death, my role in Brigadier Ogundipe's escape -|url=https://www.thenewsnigeria.com.ng/2019/12/27/ironsis-death-my-role-in-brigadier-ogundipes-escape/|access-date=2020-08-07|website=The NEWS}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Siollun|first=Max|date=|title=The Northern Counter-coup of 1966: The Full Story|url=https://dawodu.com/coup2.htm|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=|website=}}</ref> O waɗii njilluuji keewɗi e nder wolde Konngo, e nder fedde konu Naajeeriya to fedde toppitiinde konu leydi Najeriya - ONUC - hakkunde 1960 e 1963, ina jeyaa heen wonde Kumanndaa ONUC, Sektor Kasai e Kbngolo e Komandaa Konu Naajeeriya, e wonde Staef ONUC. E joofnirde golle makko to Konngo, o arti e leydi Niiseer, o woni gardiiɗo brigade ɗiɗaɓo konu leydi Nijeer to Lagos, o woni ɗoon haa lewru suwee 1964, nde o yalti ngam janngude to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Imperial Defense College (hannde ko duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Royal Defense Studies) to Londres. E joofnirde jaŋde makko to IDC, o woni ko e wuro London, o woni Attaché militaire to Komisariyaa mawɗo leydi Najeriya, ɗo o woni ɗoo e sahaa nde o waɗi kuudetaa e lewru Yarkomaa to leydi Najeriya. Mawɗo konu, Joɗnde Toownde Caggal kuudetaa o, o arti leydi Naajeeriya, ngam wonde hooreejo konu leydi ndii, gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi ndii (de facto cukko hooreejo leydi) hakkunde lewru Yarkomaa 1966 e lewru Ut 1966. Caggal kuudetaa ƴiiƴam ɗam fooli Aguiyi-Ironsi, o yalti leydi ndii o fayti leydi Angalteer. O ñiŋaama e won e nokkuuji sabu makko salaade heɓtude mantol laamu komanndaa makko toowɗo, mo o waraa e kuudetaa lewru ut 1966, tee ɗuum ina ɓeyda warngooji baɗnooɗi caggal ɗuum. Ko kanko woni ofisee militeer ɓurɗo mawnude caggal maayde Aguiyi-Ironsi, miijo ngo ko kanko fotnoo ƴettude laamu. Ko goonga noon, ɗum wonaano huunde waawnde wonde, nde o waɗata. O alaa konu, o waawaano tuugnaade e yimɓe seeɗa ɓe o joginoo, heewɓe e maɓɓe ko worgo, ɓe njiɗaa ƴettude yamiroore e juuɗe Kerecee’en fuɗnaange. Yanti heen, ko o soldaat, o alaano yiɗde politik keeriiɗo. O faami dow hisnugo lesdi Naajeeriya bana lesdi woore, ɗum ɗon holla Kerecee’en fombinaare waawataa jogaago lesdi ndi’i, nden o wurtini hoore maako nder eɓɓoore laamu nden o jaɓi Yakubu Gowon (duuɓi ɗuuɗɗi ko ɓuri maako) bana hooreejo laamu sooja’en kesum. Komiseer mawɗo to Londres Caggal nanondiral e laamu konu kesu ngu Seneraal Yakubu Gowon ardii, o ummii leydi ndi o fayti leydi Biritaan, o tawtoraama batu ardiiɓe laamuuji Commonwealth hitaande 1966, o woni wakiliijo leydi Naajeeriya e lewru suwee. Caggal mum o ƴetti toɗɗagol to London ngam wonde Komisinaajo mawɗo leydi Najeriya to leydi Angalteer, golle ɗe o waɗi duuɓi nay ɗo o waɗi darnde tiiɗnde ngam heɓde ballal materiel leydi Najeriya ngam wolde hakkunde leyɗeele Najeriya. O woppi golle laamu e lewru ut 1970. == Wade == O sankii ko rafi ɓernde to Londres ñalnde 20 noowammbar 1971. == Ƴeew kadi == Republique Naajeeriya arandeere Hare nder leydi Naajeeriya == Tuugnorgal == 40sr4l6yst9ar0l78oz7gku6sqcfhtc 175698 175697 2026-06-22T18:19:14Z Ilya Discuss 10103 #1Lib1Ref 175698 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Babafemi Olatunde Ogundipe''' (HeɗtoR) (6 suwee 1924 – 20 noowammbar 1971) ko gardiiɗo konu ɗiɗaɓo e hooreejo konu gadano, gardiiɗo konu toowngu tuggi lewru Yarkomaa 1966 haa lewru Ut 1966 e laamu Seneraal Major Johnson Aguiyi-Ironsi. O woniino Komiseer mawɗo leydi Najeriya to leydi Angalteer tuggi lewru suwee 1966 haa lewru ut 1970 e laamu konu Seneraal Yakubu Gowon.<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=The London Gazette|url=https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/39984/supplement/5423/data.pdf|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=|website=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=Supplement to The London Gazette|url=https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/40944/supplement/7011/data.pdf|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=|website=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=Supplement to The London Gazette, 15th November 1960|url=https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/42191/supplement/7733/data.pdf|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=|website=}}</ref> === Nguurndam gadano === O jibinaa ko ñalnde 6 lewru Seeɗto hitaande 1924, jibnaaɓe makko ko Yoruba en, ummoriiɓe Ago-Iwoye, to diiwaan Ogun hannde oo, to hirnaange leydi Najeriya.<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Inside Story of Nigeria|url=http://www.gamji.com/article5000/NEWS5254.htm|access-date=2020-08-07|website=www.gamji.com}}</ref> == Golle konu == O naati e konu laamɗo Afrik worgo e hitaande 1941, o golliima to Birmaani hakkunde 1942 e 1945. O arti e konu Afrik hirnaange, o heɓi komisoŋ juutɗo e golle lietnaa ɗiɗaɓo e lewru ut 1953. E lewru desaambar 1956, o yamiraa e konu liieen senior gila e Ja2 1952. O toɗɗaama Kapiteen, e mawngu gila lewru Yarkomaa 1955, e lewru Duujal 1956. Ñalnde 1 Oktoobar 1960, kanko e ko ɓuri heewde e ofiseeji Naajeeriya e nder konu laamɗo Nijeer, o woppi golle makko nde o toɗɗaa e komisiyoŋ e nder konu laamɗo Nijeer. O ummii e darnde Birigadier e nder konu Naajeeriya (ko dartinoo anndeede konu laamɗo Naajeeriya nde Naajeeriya wonti republique ñalnde 1 oktoobar 1963) e lewru mee 1964.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-12-27|title=Ironsi's death, my role in Brigadier Ogundipe's escape -|url=https://www.thenewsnigeria.com.ng/2019/12/27/ironsis-death-my-role-in-brigadier-ogundipes-escape/|access-date=2020-08-07|website=The NEWS}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Siollun|first=Max|date=|title=The Northern Counter-coup of 1966: The Full Story|url=https://dawodu.com/coup2.htm|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=|website=}}</ref> O waɗii njilluuji keewɗi e nder wolde Konngo, e nder fedde konu Naajeeriya to fedde toppitiinde konu leydi Najeriya - ONUC - hakkunde 1960 e 1963, ina jeyaa heen wonde Kumanndaa ONUC, Sektor Kasai e Kbngolo e Komandaa Konu Naajeeriya, e wonde Staef ONUC. E joofnirde golle makko to Konngo, o arti e leydi Niiseer, o woni gardiiɗo brigade ɗiɗaɓo konu leydi Nijeer to Lagos, o woni ɗoon haa lewru suwee 1964, nde o yalti ngam janngude to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Imperial Defense College (hannde ko duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Royal Defense Studies) to Londres. E joofnirde jaŋde makko to IDC, o woni ko e wuro London, o woni Attaché militaire to Komisariyaa mawɗo leydi Najeriya, ɗo o woni ɗoo e sahaa nde o waɗi kuudetaa e lewru Yarkomaa to leydi Najeriya..<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1971/11/22/archives/brig-babafemi-ogundipe-i-i-exhead-of-nigerian-army.html|title=Brig. Babafemi agundipe, Ex‐Head of Nigerian Army|newspaper=The New York Times|date=22 November 1971}}</ref> Mawɗo konu, Joɗnde Toownde Caggal kuudetaa o, o arti leydi Naajeeriya, ngam wonde hooreejo konu leydi ndii, gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi ndii (de facto cukko hooreejo leydi) hakkunde lewru Yarkomaa 1966 e lewru Ut 1966. Caggal kuudetaa ƴiiƴam ɗam fooli Aguiyi-Ironsi, o yalti leydi ndii o fayti leydi Angalteer. O ñiŋaama e won e nokkuuji sabu makko salaade heɓtude mantol laamu komanndaa makko toowɗo, mo o waraa e kuudetaa lewru ut 1966, tee ɗuum ina ɓeyda warngooji baɗnooɗi caggal ɗuum. Ko kanko woni ofisee militeer ɓurɗo mawnude caggal maayde Aguiyi-Ironsi, miijo ngo ko kanko fotnoo ƴettude laamu. Ko goonga noon, ɗum wonaano huunde waawnde wonde, nde o waɗata. O alaa konu, o waawaano tuugnaade e yimɓe seeɗa ɓe o joginoo, heewɓe e maɓɓe ko worgo, ɓe njiɗaa ƴettude yamiroore e juuɗe Kerecee’en fuɗnaange. Yanti heen, ko o soldaat, o alaano yiɗde politik keeriiɗo. O faami dow hisnugo lesdi Naajeeriya bana lesdi woore, ɗum ɗon holla Kerecee’en fombinaare waawataa jogaago lesdi ndi’i, nden o wurtini hoore maako nder eɓɓoore laamu nden o jaɓi Yakubu Gowon (duuɓi ɗuuɗɗi ko ɓuri maako) bana hooreejo laamu sooja’en kesum. Komiseer mawɗo to Londres Caggal nanondiral e laamu konu kesu ngu Seneraal Yakubu Gowon ardii, o ummii leydi ndi o fayti leydi Biritaan, o tawtoraama batu ardiiɓe laamuuji Commonwealth hitaande 1966, o woni wakiliijo leydi Naajeeriya e lewru suwee. Caggal mum o ƴetti toɗɗagol to London ngam wonde Komisinaajo mawɗo leydi Najeriya to leydi Angalteer, golle ɗe o waɗi duuɓi nay ɗo o waɗi darnde tiiɗnde ngam heɓde ballal materiel leydi Najeriya ngam wolde hakkunde leyɗeele Najeriya. O woppi golle laamu e lewru ut 1970. == Wade == O sankii ko rafi ɓernde to Londres ñalnde 20 noowammbar 1971. == Ƴeew kadi == Republique Naajeeriya arandeere Hare nder leydi Naajeeriya == Tuugnorgal == g7ukxcrgv700c003tx4qsk170pic9w2 175699 175698 2026-06-22T18:20:31Z Ilya Discuss 10103 #1Lib1Ref 175699 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Babafemi Olatunde Ogundipe''' (HeɗtoR) (6 suwee 1924 – 20 noowammbar 1971) ko gardiiɗo konu ɗiɗaɓo e hooreejo konu gadano, gardiiɗo konu toowngu tuggi lewru Yarkomaa 1966 haa lewru Ut 1966 e laamu Seneraal Major Johnson Aguiyi-Ironsi. O woniino Komiseer mawɗo leydi Najeriya to leydi Angalteer tuggi lewru suwee 1966 haa lewru ut 1970 e laamu konu Seneraal Yakubu Gowon.<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=The London Gazette|url=https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/39984/supplement/5423/data.pdf|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=|website=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=Supplement to The London Gazette|url=https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/40944/supplement/7011/data.pdf|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=|website=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=Supplement to The London Gazette, 15th November 1960|url=https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/42191/supplement/7733/data.pdf|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=|website=}}</ref> === Nguurndam gadano === O jibinaa ko ñalnde 6 lewru Seeɗto hitaande 1924, jibnaaɓe makko ko Yoruba en, ummoriiɓe Ago-Iwoye, to diiwaan Ogun hannde oo, to hirnaange leydi Najeriya.<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Inside Story of Nigeria|url=http://www.gamji.com/article5000/NEWS5254.htm|access-date=2020-08-07|website=www.gamji.com}}</ref> == Golle konu == O naati e konu laamɗo Afrik worgo e hitaande 1941, o golliima to Birmaani hakkunde 1942 e 1945. O arti e konu Afrik hirnaange, o heɓi komisoŋ juutɗo e golle lietnaa ɗiɗaɓo e lewru ut 1953. E lewru desaambar 1956, o yamiraa e konu liieen senior gila e Ja2 1952. O toɗɗaama Kapiteen, e mawngu gila lewru Yarkomaa 1955, e lewru Duujal 1956. Ñalnde 1 Oktoobar 1960, kanko e ko ɓuri heewde e ofiseeji Naajeeriya e nder konu laamɗo Nijeer, o woppi golle makko nde o toɗɗaa e komisiyoŋ e nder konu laamɗo Nijeer. O ummii e darnde Birigadier e nder konu Naajeeriya (ko dartinoo anndeede konu laamɗo Naajeeriya nde Naajeeriya wonti republique ñalnde 1 oktoobar 1963) e lewru mee 1964.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-12-27|title=Ironsi's death, my role in Brigadier Ogundipe's escape -|url=https://www.thenewsnigeria.com.ng/2019/12/27/ironsis-death-my-role-in-brigadier-ogundipes-escape/|access-date=2020-08-07|website=The NEWS}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Siollun|first=Max|date=|title=The Northern Counter-coup of 1966: The Full Story|url=https://dawodu.com/coup2.htm|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=|website=}}</ref> O waɗii njilluuji keewɗi e nder wolde Konngo, e nder fedde konu Naajeeriya to fedde toppitiinde konu leydi Najeriya - ONUC - hakkunde 1960 e 1963, ina jeyaa heen wonde Kumanndaa ONUC, Sektor Kasai e Kbngolo e Komandaa Konu Naajeeriya, e wonde Staef ONUC. E joofnirde golle makko to Konngo, o arti e leydi Niiseer, o woni gardiiɗo brigade ɗiɗaɓo konu leydi Nijeer to Lagos, o woni ɗoon haa lewru suwee 1964, nde o yalti ngam janngude to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Imperial Defense College (hannde ko duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Royal Defense Studies) to Londres. E joofnirde jaŋde makko to IDC, o woni ko e wuro London, o woni Attaché militaire to Komisariyaa mawɗo leydi Najeriya, ɗo o woni ɗoo e sahaa nde o waɗi kuudetaa e lewru Yarkomaa to leydi Najeriya..<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1971/11/22/archives/brig-babafemi-ogundipe-i-i-exhead-of-nigerian-army.html|title=Brig. Babafemi agundipe, Ex‐Head of Nigerian Army|newspaper=The New York Times|date=22 November 1971}}</ref> Mawɗo konu, Joɗnde Toownde Caggal kuudetaa o, o arti leydi Naajeeriya, ngam wonde hooreejo konu leydi ndii, gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi ndii (de facto cukko hooreejo leydi) hakkunde lewru Yarkomaa 1966 e lewru Ut 1966. Caggal kuudetaa ƴiiƴam ɗam fooli Aguiyi-Ironsi, o yalti leydi ndii o fayti leydi Angalteer. O ñiŋaama e won e nokkuuji sabu makko salaade heɓtude mantol laamu komanndaa makko toowɗo, mo o waraa e kuudetaa lewru ut 1966, tee ɗuum ina ɓeyda warngooji baɗnooɗi caggal ɗuum. Ko kanko woni ofisee militeer ɓurɗo mawnude caggal maayde Aguiyi-Ironsi, miijo ngo ko kanko fotnoo ƴettude laamu.<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Inside Story of Nigeria|url=http://www.gamji.com/article5000/NEWS5254.htm|access-date=2020-08-07|website=www.gamji.com}}</ref> Ko goonga noon, ɗum wonaano huunde waawnde wonde, nde o waɗata. O alaa konu, o waawaano tuugnaade e yimɓe seeɗa ɓe o joginoo, heewɓe e maɓɓe ko worgo, ɓe njiɗaa ƴettude yamiroore e juuɗe Kerecee’en fuɗnaange. Yanti heen, ko o soldaat, o alaano yiɗde politik keeriiɗo. O faami dow hisnugo lesdi Naajeeriya bana lesdi woore, ɗum ɗon holla Kerecee’en fombinaare waawataa jogaago lesdi ndi’i, nden o wurtini hoore maako nder eɓɓoore laamu nden o jaɓi Yakubu Gowon (duuɓi ɗuuɗɗi ko ɓuri maako) bana hooreejo laamu sooja’en kesum. Komiseer mawɗo to Londres Caggal nanondiral e laamu konu kesu ngu Seneraal Yakubu Gowon ardii, o ummii leydi ndi o fayti leydi Biritaan, o tawtoraama batu ardiiɓe laamuuji Commonwealth hitaande 1966, o woni wakiliijo leydi Naajeeriya e lewru suwee. Caggal mum o ƴetti toɗɗagol to London ngam wonde Komisinaajo mawɗo leydi Najeriya to leydi Angalteer, golle ɗe o waɗi duuɓi nay ɗo o waɗi darnde tiiɗnde ngam heɓde ballal materiel leydi Najeriya ngam wolde hakkunde leyɗeele Najeriya. O woppi golle laamu e lewru ut 1970. == Wade == O sankii ko rafi ɓernde to Londres ñalnde 20 noowammbar 1971. == Ƴeew kadi == Republique Naajeeriya arandeere Hare nder leydi Naajeeriya == Tuugnorgal == jii1apkr6htoblrmifxmwuu94fwqrm8 175700 175699 2026-06-22T18:22:17Z Ilya Discuss 10103 #1Lib1Ref 175700 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Babafemi Olatunde Ogundipe''' (HeɗtoR) (6 suwee 1924 – 20 noowammbar 1971) ko gardiiɗo konu ɗiɗaɓo e hooreejo konu gadano, gardiiɗo konu toowngu tuggi lewru Yarkomaa 1966 haa lewru Ut 1966 e laamu Seneraal Major Johnson Aguiyi-Ironsi. O woniino Komiseer mawɗo leydi Najeriya to leydi Angalteer tuggi lewru suwee 1966 haa lewru ut 1970 e laamu konu Seneraal Yakubu Gowon.<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=The London Gazette|url=https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/39984/supplement/5423/data.pdf|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=|website=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=Supplement to The London Gazette|url=https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/40944/supplement/7011/data.pdf|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=|website=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=Supplement to The London Gazette, 15th November 1960|url=https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/42191/supplement/7733/data.pdf|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=|website=}}</ref> === Nguurndam gadano === O jibinaa ko ñalnde 6 lewru Seeɗto hitaande 1924, jibnaaɓe makko ko Yoruba en, ummoriiɓe Ago-Iwoye, to diiwaan Ogun hannde oo, to hirnaange leydi Najeriya.<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Inside Story of Nigeria|url=http://www.gamji.com/article5000/NEWS5254.htm|access-date=2020-08-07|website=www.gamji.com}}</ref> == Golle konu == O naati e konu laamɗo Afrik worgo e hitaande 1941, o golliima to Birmaani hakkunde 1942 e 1945. O arti e konu Afrik hirnaange, o heɓi komisoŋ juutɗo e golle lietnaa ɗiɗaɓo e lewru ut 1953. E lewru desaambar 1956, o yamiraa e konu liieen senior gila e Ja2 1952. O toɗɗaama Kapiteen, e mawngu gila lewru Yarkomaa 1955, e lewru Duujal 1956. Ñalnde 1 Oktoobar 1960, kanko e ko ɓuri heewde e ofiseeji Naajeeriya e nder konu laamɗo Nijeer, o woppi golle makko nde o toɗɗaa e komisiyoŋ e nder konu laamɗo Nijeer. O ummii e darnde Birigadier e nder konu Naajeeriya (ko dartinoo anndeede konu laamɗo Naajeeriya nde Naajeeriya wonti republique ñalnde 1 oktoobar 1963) e lewru mee 1964.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-12-27|title=Ironsi's death, my role in Brigadier Ogundipe's escape -|url=https://www.thenewsnigeria.com.ng/2019/12/27/ironsis-death-my-role-in-brigadier-ogundipes-escape/|access-date=2020-08-07|website=The NEWS}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Siollun|first=Max|date=|title=The Northern Counter-coup of 1966: The Full Story|url=https://dawodu.com/coup2.htm|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=|website=}}</ref> O waɗii njilluuji keewɗi e nder wolde Konngo, e nder fedde konu Naajeeriya to fedde toppitiinde konu leydi Najeriya - ONUC - hakkunde 1960 e 1963, ina jeyaa heen wonde Kumanndaa ONUC, Sektor Kasai e Kbngolo e Komandaa Konu Naajeeriya, e wonde Staef ONUC. E joofnirde golle makko to Konngo, o arti e leydi Niiseer, o woni gardiiɗo brigade ɗiɗaɓo konu leydi Nijeer to Lagos, o woni ɗoon haa lewru suwee 1964, nde o yalti ngam janngude to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Imperial Defense College (hannde ko duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Royal Defense Studies) to Londres. E joofnirde jaŋde makko to IDC, o woni ko e wuro London, o woni Attaché militaire to Komisariyaa mawɗo leydi Najeriya, ɗo o woni ɗoo e sahaa nde o waɗi kuudetaa e lewru Yarkomaa to leydi Najeriya..<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1971/11/22/archives/brig-babafemi-ogundipe-i-i-exhead-of-nigerian-army.html|title=Brig. Babafemi agundipe, Ex‐Head of Nigerian Army|newspaper=The New York Times|date=22 November 1971}}</ref> Mawɗo konu, Joɗnde Toownde Caggal kuudetaa o, o arti leydi Naajeeriya, ngam wonde hooreejo konu leydi ndii, gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi ndii (de facto cukko hooreejo leydi) hakkunde lewru Yarkomaa 1966 e lewru Ut 1966. Caggal kuudetaa ƴiiƴam ɗam fooli Aguiyi-Ironsi, o yalti leydi ndii o fayti leydi Angalteer. O ñiŋaama e won e nokkuuji sabu makko salaade heɓtude mantol laamu komanndaa makko toowɗo, mo o waraa e kuudetaa lewru ut 1966, tee ɗuum ina ɓeyda warngooji baɗnooɗi caggal ɗuum. Ko kanko woni ofisee militeer ɓurɗo mawnude caggal maayde Aguiyi-Ironsi, miijo ngo ko kanko fotnoo ƴettude laamu.<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Inside Story of Nigeria|url=http://www.gamji.com/article5000/NEWS5254.htm|access-date=2020-08-07|website=www.gamji.com}}</ref> Ko goonga noon, ɗum wonaano huunde waawnde wonde, nde o waɗata. O alaa konu, o waawaano tuugnaade e yimɓe seeɗa ɓe o joginoo, heewɓe e maɓɓe ko worgo, ɓe njiɗaa ƴettude yamiroore e juuɗe Kerecee’en fuɗnaange. Yanti heen, ko o soldaat, o alaano yiɗde politik keeriiɗo. O faami dow hisnugo lesdi Naajeeriya bana lesdi woore, ɗum ɗon holla Kerecee’en fombinaare waawataa jogaago lesdi ndi’i, nden o wurtini hoore maako nder eɓɓoore laamu nden o jaɓi Yakubu Gowon (duuɓi ɗuuɗɗi ko ɓuri maako) bana hooreejo laamu sooja’en kesum..<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=Interview: Ogundipe the Nigerian UK High Commissioner on aerial bombings in Biafra {{!}} March 1969|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-TdqFfx8DuQ|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=|website=[[YouTube]]}}</ref> Komiseer mawɗo to Londres Caggal nanondiral e laamu konu kesu ngu Seneraal Yakubu Gowon ardii, o ummii leydi ndi o fayti leydi Biritaan, o tawtoraama batu ardiiɓe laamuuji Commonwealth hitaande 1966, o woni wakiliijo leydi Naajeeriya e lewru suwee. Caggal mum o ƴetti toɗɗagol to London ngam wonde Komisinaajo mawɗo leydi Najeriya to leydi Angalteer, golle ɗe o waɗi duuɓi nay ɗo o waɗi darnde tiiɗnde ngam heɓde ballal materiel leydi Najeriya ngam wolde hakkunde leyɗeele Najeriya. O woppi golle laamu e lewru ut 1970. == Wade == O sankii ko rafi ɓernde to Londres ñalnde 20 noowammbar 1971. == Ƴeew kadi == Republique Naajeeriya arandeere Hare nder leydi Naajeeriya == Tuugnorgal == qfoknattl2l1evrev57k7r4xxcs5wib 0 42413 175701 2026-06-22T18:26:10Z Ilya Discuss 10103 #1Lib1Ref 175701 wikitext text/x-wiki Mawɗo Joseph Folahan Odunjo ListenR (1904–1980) ko winndiyanke, jannginoowo e siyaasyanke Najeriya ɓurɗo anndeede e golle mum e nder binndol sukaaɓe Yoruba. Nguurndam e jaŋde puɗɗagol Odunjo jibinaa ko to Ibara, Abeokuta e hitaande 1904. O janngi to duɗal leslesal St Augustine, to Abeokuta, to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde katolik toowngal e to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde London. Janngingol e Binndol golle Odunjo fuɗɗi kuugal janngirde maako bana hooreejo janngirde katolik'en, Ibadan diga hitaande 1924 haa 1927, ɓaawo man o laati hooreejo janngirde maako, St Augustine's, Abeokuta. Ko o jannginoowo, o sosi Fedde Fedde Jannginooɓe Katolik ngam haaldude e misiyoŋaaji katolik en e innde jannginooɓe misiyoŋaaji. Odunjo ko jannginoowo e hooreejo duɗe katolik keewɗe gila e kitaale 1940 haa 1950. Golle makko binndaaɗe e hitaande 1958 ina njeyaa e binndanɗe gadane ɗemngal ngal. O winndi defte, pijirlooji, jimɗi e binndanɗe keewɗe e ɗemngal Yoruba. Golle makko bayyinaaɗe caggal ɗuum ngonti ƴoƴre winndooɓe janngo. O woniino tergal tiiɗngal e nder Goomuuji Ortogaraafi Yoruba e hitaande 1966 e 1969. O jokkondirii kadi e Dental Jannginooɓe Naajeeriya e nder duuɓi keewɗi. Politik E hitaande 1951, o dañi jooɗorde to suudu sarɗiiji hirnaange, caggal ɗuum o wonti jaagorde leydi e golle gadano e nder diiwaan hee. O woniino hooreejo Dental Egbado, kadi omo jogii tiitoonde laamu Asiwaju Egbaland. Wade Mawɗo Odunjo maayi ko e hitaande 1980. Golle cuɓaaɗe Bindi ɓantol Ise ni Ogun Ise ("Golle ko ñawu baasal") Toju Iwa re Oremi ("Laaru jikku maa, sehil am") Akójopò ewì alâdùn (1961) Defte Omo oku orun (1964; "Ɓiɗɗo debbo maayɗo") Kuye ISBN 978-978-148-016-4 (1978) Deftere janngirnde Janngooɓe Yoruba Aláwìíyé (Janngooɓe Yoruba (1975) ISBN 978-0-582-63865-5 (1975) Tuugnorgal dhu7t8l641udrprfakcmatl3gybuf4x 175702 175701 2026-06-22T18:27:42Z Ilya Discuss 10103 #1Lib1Ref 175702 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Mawɗo Joseph Folahan Odunjo ListenR (1904–1980) ko winndiyanke, jannginoowo e siyaasyanke Najeriya ɓurɗo anndeede e golle mum e nder binndol sukaaɓe Yoruba. Nguurndam e jaŋde puɗɗagol Odunjo jibinaa ko to Ibara, Abeokuta e hitaande 1904. O janngi to duɗal leslesal St Augustine, to Abeokuta, to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde katolik toowngal e to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde London. Janngingol e Binndol golle Odunjo fuɗɗi kuugal janngirde maako bana hooreejo janngirde katolik'en, Ibadan diga hitaande 1924 haa 1927, ɓaawo man o laati hooreejo janngirde maako, St Augustine's, Abeokuta. Ko o jannginoowo, o sosi Fedde Fedde Jannginooɓe Katolik ngam haaldude e misiyoŋaaji katolik en e innde jannginooɓe misiyoŋaaji. Odunjo ko jannginoowo e hooreejo duɗe katolik keewɗe gila e kitaale 1940 haa 1950. Golle makko binndaaɗe e hitaande 1958 ina njeyaa e binndanɗe gadane ɗemngal ngal. O winndi defte, pijirlooji, jimɗi e binndanɗe keewɗe e ɗemngal Yoruba. Golle makko bayyinaaɗe caggal ɗuum ngonti ƴoƴre winndooɓe janngo. O woniino tergal tiiɗngal e nder Goomuuji Ortogaraafi Yoruba e hitaande 1966 e 1969. O jokkondirii kadi e Dental Jannginooɓe Naajeeriya e nder duuɓi keewɗi. Politik E hitaande 1951, o dañi jooɗorde to suudu sarɗiiji hirnaange, caggal ɗuum o wonti jaagorde leydi e golle gadano e nder diiwaan hee. O woniino hooreejo Dental Egbado, kadi omo jogii tiitoonde laamu Asiwaju Egbaland. Wade Mawɗo Odunjo maayi ko e hitaande 1980. Golle cuɓaaɗe Bindi ɓantol Ise ni Ogun Ise ("Golle ko ñawu baasal") Toju Iwa re Oremi ("Laaru jikku maa, sehil am") Akójopò ewì alâdùn (1961) Defte Omo oku orun (1964; "Ɓiɗɗo debbo maayɗo") Kuye ISBN 978-978-148-016-4 (1978) Deftere janngirnde Janngooɓe Yoruba Aláwìíyé (Janngooɓe Yoruba (1975) ISBN 978-0-582-63865-5 (1975) Tuugnorgal iepyqudtvyol7z4nxf1f4hvkw2q60ls 175703 175702 2026-06-22T18:29:22Z Ilya Discuss 10103 #1Lib1Ref 175703 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Mawɗo Joseph Folahan Odunjo ListenR''' (1904–1980) ko winndiyanke, jannginoowo e siyaasyanke Najeriya ɓurɗo anndeede e golle mum e nder binndol sukaaɓe Yoruba. == Nguurndam e jaŋde puɗɗagol == Odunjo jibinaa ko to Ibara, Abeokuta e hitaande 1904. O janngi to duɗal leslesal St Augustine, to Abeokuta, to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde katolik toowngal e to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde London. Janngingol e Binndol golle Odunjo fuɗɗi kuugal janngirde maako bana hooreejo janngirde katolik'en, Ibadan diga hitaande 1924 haa 1927, ɓaawo man o laati hooreejo janngirde maako, St Augustine's, Abeokuta. Ko o jannginoowo, o sosi Fedde Fedde Jannginooɓe Katolik ngam haaldude e misiyoŋaaji katolik en e innde jannginooɓe misiyoŋaaji. Odunjo ko jannginoowo e hooreejo duɗe katolik keewɗe gila e kitaale 1940 haa 1950. Golle makko binndaaɗe e hitaande 1958 ina njeyaa e binndanɗe gadane ɗemngal ngal. O winndi defte, pijirlooji, jimɗi e binndanɗe keewɗe e ɗemngal Yoruba. Golle makko bayyinaaɗe caggal ɗuum ngonti ƴoƴre winndooɓe janngo. O woniino tergal tiiɗngal e nder Goomuuji Ortogaraafi Yoruba e hitaande 1966 e 1969. O jokkondirii kadi e Dental Jannginooɓe Naajeeriya e nder duuɓi keewɗi. Politik E hitaande 1951, o dañi jooɗorde to suudu sarɗiiji hirnaange, caggal ɗuum o wonti jaagorde leydi e golle gadano e nder diiwaan hee. O woniino hooreejo Dental Egbado, kadi omo jogii tiitoonde laamu Asiwaju Egbaland. Wade Mawɗo Odunjo maayi ko e hitaande 1980. Golle cuɓaaɗe Bindi ɓantol Ise ni Ogun Ise ("Golle ko ñawu baasal") Toju Iwa re Oremi ("Laaru jikku maa, sehil am") Akójopò ewì alâdùn (1961) Defte Omo oku orun (1964; "Ɓiɗɗo debbo maayɗo") Kuye ISBN 978-978-148-016-4 (1978) Deftere janngirnde Janngooɓe Yoruba Aláwìíyé (Janngooɓe Yoruba (1975) ISBN 978-0-582-63865-5 (1975) Tuugnorgal atycaqxw86hgx6b3rdgyilxzsne10rs 175704 175703 2026-06-22T18:30:08Z Ilya Discuss 10103 #1Lib1Ref 175704 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Mawɗo Joseph Folahan Odunjo ListenR''' (1904–1980) ko winndiyanke, jannginoowo e siyaasyanke Najeriya ɓurɗo anndeede e golle mum e nder binndol sukaaɓe Yoruba. == Nguurndam e jaŋde puɗɗagol == Odunjo jibinaa ko to Ibara, Abeokuta e hitaande 1904. O janngi to duɗal leslesal St Augustine, to Abeokuta, to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde katolik toowngal e to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde London. == Janngingol e Binndol golle == Odunjo fuɗɗi kuugal janngirde maako bana hooreejo janngirde katolik'en, Ibadan diga hitaande 1924 haa 1927, ɓaawo man o laati hooreejo janngirde maako, St Augustine's, Abeokuta. Ko o jannginoowo, o sosi Fedde Fedde Jannginooɓe Katolik ngam haaldude e misiyoŋaaji katolik en e innde jannginooɓe misiyoŋaaji. Odunjo ko jannginoowo e hooreejo duɗe katolik keewɗe gila e kitaale 1940 haa 1950. Golle makko binndaaɗe e hitaande 1958 ina njeyaa e binndanɗe gadane ɗemngal ngal. O winndi defte, pijirlooji, jimɗi e binndanɗe keewɗe e ɗemngal Yoruba. Golle makko bayyinaaɗe caggal ɗuum ngonti ƴoƴre winndooɓe janngo. O woniino tergal tiiɗngal e nder Goomuuji Ortogaraafi Yoruba e hitaande 1966 e 1969. O jokkondirii kadi e Dental Jannginooɓe Naajeeriya e nder duuɓi keewɗi. == Politik == E hitaande 1951, o dañi jooɗorde to suudu sarɗiiji hirnaange, caggal ɗuum o wonti jaagorde leydi e golle gadano e nder diiwaan hee. O woniino hooreejo Dental Egbado, kadi omo jogii tiitoonde laamu Asiwaju Egbaland. == Wade == Mawɗo Odunjo maayi ko e hitaande 1980. == Golle cuɓaaɗe == == Bindi ɓantol == Ise ni Ogun Ise ("Golle ko ñawu baasal") Toju Iwa re Oremi ("Laaru jikku maa, sehil am") Akójopò ewì alâdùn (1961) == Defte == Omo oku orun (1964; "Ɓiɗɗo debbo maayɗo") Kuye ISBN 978-978-148-016-4 (1978) == Deftere janngirnde == Janngooɓe Yoruba Aláwìíyé (Janngooɓe Yoruba (1975) ISBN 978-0-582-63865-5 (1975) == Tuugnorgal == 8gk6ni462av536mw2j86cmlaowjrzk7 175705 175704 2026-06-22T18:31:18Z Ilya Discuss 10103 #1Lib1Ref 175705 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Mawɗo Joseph Folahan Odunjo ListenR''' (1904–1980) ko winndiyanke, jannginoowo e siyaasyanke Najeriya ɓurɗo anndeede e golle mum e nder binndol sukaaɓe Yoruba. == Nguurndam e jaŋde puɗɗagol == Odunjo jibinaa ko to Ibara, Abeokuta e hitaande 1904. O janngi to duɗal leslesal St Augustine, to Abeokuta, to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde katolik toowngal e to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde London.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/yorubagurusindig0000falo|url-access=registration|pages=[https://archive.org/details/yorubagurusindig0000falo/page/17 17]–18|title=Yoruba Gurus: Indigenous Production of Knowledge in Africa|year=1999|author=Toyin Falola|publisher=Africa World Press, 1999|isbn=978-0-86543-699-2}}</ref> == Janngingol e Binndol golle == Odunjo fuɗɗi kuugal janngirde maako bana hooreejo janngirde katolik'en, Ibadan diga hitaande 1924 haa 1927, ɓaawo man o laati hooreejo janngirde maako, St Augustine's, Abeokuta. Ko o jannginoowo, o sosi Fedde Fedde Jannginooɓe Katolik ngam haaldude e misiyoŋaaji katolik en e innde jannginooɓe misiyoŋaaji. Odunjo ko jannginoowo e hooreejo duɗe katolik keewɗe gila e kitaale 1940 haa 1950. Golle makko binndaaɗe e hitaande 1958 ina njeyaa e binndanɗe gadane ɗemngal ngal. O winndi defte, pijirlooji, jimɗi e binndanɗe keewɗe e ɗemngal Yoruba. Golle makko bayyinaaɗe caggal ɗuum ngonti ƴoƴre winndooɓe janngo. O woniino tergal tiiɗngal e nder Goomuuji Ortogaraafi Yoruba e hitaande 1966 e 1969. O jokkondirii kadi e Dental Jannginooɓe Naajeeriya e nder duuɓi keewɗi. == Politik == E hitaande 1951, o dañi jooɗorde to suudu sarɗiiji hirnaange, caggal ɗuum o wonti jaagorde leydi e golle gadano e nder diiwaan hee. O woniino hooreejo Dental Egbado, kadi omo jogii tiitoonde laamu Asiwaju Egbaland. == Wade == Mawɗo Odunjo maayi ko e hitaande 1980. == Golle cuɓaaɗe == == Bindi ɓantol == Ise ni Ogun Ise ("Golle ko ñawu baasal") Toju Iwa re Oremi ("Laaru jikku maa, sehil am") Akójopò ewì alâdùn (1961) == Defte == Omo oku orun (1964; "Ɓiɗɗo debbo maayɗo") Kuye ISBN 978-978-148-016-4 (1978) == Deftere janngirnde == Janngooɓe Yoruba Aláwìíyé (Janngooɓe Yoruba (1975) ISBN 978-0-582-63865-5 (1975) == Tuugnorgal == 1oxiisawgz7b4geaxb0jzyka6xctoq1 175706 175705 2026-06-22T18:33:07Z Ilya Discuss 10103 #1Lib1Ref 175706 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Mawɗo Joseph Folahan Odunjo ListenR''' (1904–1980) ko winndiyanke, jannginoowo e siyaasyanke Najeriya ɓurɗo anndeede e golle mum e nder binndol sukaaɓe Yoruba. == Nguurndam e jaŋde puɗɗagol == Odunjo jibinaa ko to Ibara, Abeokuta e hitaande 1904. O janngi to duɗal leslesal St Augustine, to Abeokuta, to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde katolik toowngal e to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde London.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/yorubagurusindig0000falo|url-access=registration|pages=[https://archive.org/details/yorubagurusindig0000falo/page/17 17]–18|title=Yoruba Gurus: Indigenous Production of Knowledge in Africa|year=1999|author=Toyin Falola|publisher=Africa World Press, 1999|isbn=978-0-86543-699-2}}</ref> == Janngingol e Binndol golle == Odunjo fuɗɗi kuugal janngirde maako bana hooreejo janngirde katolik'en, Ibadan diga hitaande 1924 haa 1927, ɓaawo man o laati hooreejo janngirde maako, St Augustine's, Abeokuta. Ko o jannginoowo, o sosi Fedde Fedde Jannginooɓe Katolik ngam haaldude e misiyoŋaaji katolik en e innde jannginooɓe misiyoŋaaji. Odunjo ko jannginoowo e hooreejo duɗe katolik keewɗe gila e kitaale 1940 haa 1950. Golle makko binndaaɗe e hitaande 1958 ina njeyaa e binndanɗe gadane ɗemngal ngal. O winndi defte, pijirlooji, jimɗi e binndanɗe keewɗe e ɗemngal Yoruba. Golle makko bayyinaaɗe caggal ɗuum ngonti ƴoƴre winndooɓe janngo. O woniino tergal tiiɗngal e nder Goomuuji Ortogaraafi Yoruba e hitaande 1966 e 1969. O jokkondirii kadi e Dental Jannginooɓe Naajeeriya e nder duuɓi keewɗi.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://article.wn.com/view/2000/04/29/Remembering_J_F_Odunjo_the_literary_icon/|publisher=Nigerian Guardian|website=WN|title=Remembering J. F. Odunjo, the literary icon|accessdate=June 14, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gHgOAAAAYAAJ|title=Black Africa, Volumes 2-3|issn=0034-6640|author=Albert S. Gérard|journal=Review of National Literatures|author-link=Albert S. Gérard|publisher=St. John's University Press|year=1972|location=the University of Virginia|page=195|accessdate=June 14, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=I-QNAAAAYAAJ|title=Yoruba: A Language in Transition|author=Ayọ Bamgbose|author2=Ọlátúndé O. Ọlátúnjí|publisher=J.F. Ọdunjọ Memorial Lectures|year=1986|location=University of Virginia|accessdate=June 14, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=m5gUAQAAIAAJ|title=Who's who in Nigeria: a biographical dictionary|author=Daily Times of Nigeria Limited|publisher=Times Press (Magazine Division)|year=1971|accessdate=June 14, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://allafrica.com/stories/200005300256.html|title=Odunjo remembered|website=Allafrica|accessdate=June 14, 2016}}</ref> == Politik == E hitaande 1951, o dañi jooɗorde to suudu sarɗiiji hirnaange, caggal ɗuum o wonti jaagorde leydi e golle gadano e nder diiwaan hee. O woniino hooreejo Dental Egbado, kadi omo jogii tiitoonde laamu Asiwaju Egbaland. == Wade == Mawɗo Odunjo maayi ko e hitaande 1980. == Golle cuɓaaɗe == == Bindi ɓantol == Ise ni Ogun Ise ("Golle ko ñawu baasal") Toju Iwa re Oremi ("Laaru jikku maa, sehil am") Akójopò ewì alâdùn (1961) == Defte == Omo oku orun (1964; "Ɓiɗɗo debbo maayɗo") Kuye ISBN 978-978-148-016-4 (1978) == Deftere janngirnde == Janngooɓe Yoruba Aláwìíyé (Janngooɓe Yoruba (1975) ISBN 978-0-582-63865-5 (1975) == Tuugnorgal == 19yxqhylekeo3sn18znsrzueamsryqy 175707 175706 2026-06-22T18:35:03Z Ilya Discuss 10103 #1Lib1Ref 175707 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Mawɗo Joseph Folahan Odunjo ListenR''' (1904–1980) ko winndiyanke, jannginoowo e siyaasyanke Najeriya ɓurɗo anndeede e golle mum e nder binndol sukaaɓe Yoruba. == Nguurndam e jaŋde puɗɗagol == Odunjo jibinaa ko to Ibara, Abeokuta e hitaande 1904. O janngi to duɗal leslesal St Augustine, to Abeokuta, to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde katolik toowngal e to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde London.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/yorubagurusindig0000falo|url-access=registration|pages=[https://archive.org/details/yorubagurusindig0000falo/page/17 17]–18|title=Yoruba Gurus: Indigenous Production of Knowledge in Africa|year=1999|author=Toyin Falola|publisher=Africa World Press, 1999|isbn=978-0-86543-699-2}}</ref> == Janngingol e Binndol golle == Odunjo fuɗɗi kuugal janngirde maako bana hooreejo janngirde katolik'en, Ibadan diga hitaande 1924 haa 1927, ɓaawo man o laati hooreejo janngirde maako, St Augustine's, Abeokuta. Ko o jannginoowo, o sosi Fedde Fedde Jannginooɓe Katolik ngam haaldude e misiyoŋaaji katolik en e innde jannginooɓe misiyoŋaaji. Odunjo ko jannginoowo e hooreejo duɗe katolik keewɗe gila e kitaale 1940 haa 1950. Golle makko binndaaɗe e hitaande 1958 ina njeyaa e binndanɗe gadane ɗemngal ngal. O winndi defte, pijirlooji, jimɗi e binndanɗe keewɗe e ɗemngal Yoruba. Golle makko bayyinaaɗe caggal ɗuum ngonti ƴoƴre winndooɓe janngo. O woniino tergal tiiɗngal e nder Goomuuji Ortogaraafi Yoruba e hitaande 1966 e 1969. O jokkondirii kadi e Dental Jannginooɓe Naajeeriya e nder duuɓi keewɗi.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://article.wn.com/view/2000/04/29/Remembering_J_F_Odunjo_the_literary_icon/|publisher=Nigerian Guardian|website=WN|title=Remembering J. F. Odunjo, the literary icon|accessdate=June 14, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gHgOAAAAYAAJ|title=Black Africa, Volumes 2-3|issn=0034-6640|author=Albert S. Gérard|journal=Review of National Literatures|author-link=Albert S. Gérard|publisher=St. John's University Press|year=1972|location=the University of Virginia|page=195|accessdate=June 14, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=I-QNAAAAYAAJ|title=Yoruba: A Language in Transition|author=Ayọ Bamgbose|author2=Ọlátúndé O. Ọlátúnjí|publisher=J.F. Ọdunjọ Memorial Lectures|year=1986|location=University of Virginia|accessdate=June 14, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=m5gUAQAAIAAJ|title=Who's who in Nigeria: a biographical dictionary|author=Daily Times of Nigeria Limited|publisher=Times Press (Magazine Division)|year=1971|accessdate=June 14, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://allafrica.com/stories/200005300256.html|title=Odunjo remembered|website=Allafrica|accessdate=June 14, 2016}}</ref> == Politik == E hitaande 1951, o dañi jooɗorde to suudu sarɗiiji hirnaange, caggal ɗuum o wonti jaagorde leydi e golle gadano e nder diiwaan hee. O woniino hooreejo Dental Egbado, kadi omo jogii tiitoonde laamu Asiwaju Egbaland.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=egUaAAAAIAAJ|page=212|title=Who's who in Nigeria|publisher=Nigerian Printing and Publishing Company|year=1956|location=the University of California|accessdate=June 14, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=I-QNAAAAYAAJ&q=joseph+folahan+odunjo+asiwaju+of+egbaland|title=Yoruba: A Language in Transition|author2=Ọlátúndé O. Ọlátúnjí|publisher=J.F. Ọdunjọ Memorial Lectures (University of Virginia)|year=1986|accessdate=June 14, 2016|volume=1|author1=Ayọ Bamgbose|page=5}}</ref> == Wade == Mawɗo Odunjo maayi ko e hitaande 1980. == Golle cuɓaaɗe == == Bindi ɓantol == Ise ni Ogun Ise ("Golle ko ñawu baasal") Toju Iwa re Oremi ("Laaru jikku maa, sehil am") Akójopò ewì alâdùn (1961) == Defte == Omo oku orun (1964; "Ɓiɗɗo debbo maayɗo") Kuye ISBN 978-978-148-016-4 (1978) == Deftere janngirnde == Janngooɓe Yoruba Aláwìíyé (Janngooɓe Yoruba (1975) ISBN 978-0-582-63865-5 (1975) == Tuugnorgal == l8is0t6dymbp8r6t642jjn0pmmldc7z 0 42414 175714 2026-06-22T19:20:15Z Nnamadee 11577 Created page with "'''Maayo Maputo''' (Putugaal: Rio Maputo), noddirteende kadi maayo Usutu mawngo, maayo Lusutfu, walla maayo Suthu, ko maayo wonngo e Afrik worgo, Eswatini, e Mosammbik. Innde Suthu nde firti ko yimɓe Basotho en hoɗɓe saraaji ɓuuɓri maayo ngoo, kono Swazinaaɓe njani e maɓɓe, ndartini ɓe.[1] Ina wiyee kadi ko ɗum firti ‘dark brown’, sifaa ndiyam maayo ngo ɓuuɓngo.[2] E nder ɗuum innde Maputo ndee ina firta laamɗo Mabhudu Tembe, laamɗo e nder teeminannde..." 175714 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Maayo Maputo''' (Putugaal: Rio Maputo), noddirteende kadi maayo Usutu mawngo, maayo Lusutfu, walla maayo Suthu, ko maayo wonngo e Afrik worgo, Eswatini, e Mosammbik. Innde Suthu nde firti ko yimɓe Basotho en hoɗɓe saraaji ɓuuɓri maayo ngoo, kono Swazinaaɓe njani e maɓɓe, ndartini ɓe.[1] Ina wiyee kadi ko ɗum firti ‘dark brown’, sifaa ndiyam maayo ngo ɓuuɓngo.[2] E nder ɗuum innde Maputo ndee ina firta laamɗo Mabhudu Tembe, laamɗo e nder teeminannde XVIII e ndeen diiwaan.[3] == Yahde == Maayo ngoo ummii ko sara Amsterdaam, Mpumalanga, to Afrik worgo, ngo rewa fuɗnaange, ngo rewi ko Eswatini, ngo naatata ko e kaaƴe Lebombo. Ko ŋoral 13 km woni keeri hakkunde Eswatini e Afrik worgo. Ko ina tolnoo e kilooji capanɗe ɗiɗi, ko kañum woni keeri hakkunde Afrik worgo (diiwaan KwaZulu-Natal) e Mosammbik. Ko ɗoon, e nder dingiral jawdi Ndumo, ngal soomtata caangol maggal ɓurngol mawnude, hono maayo Pongola. Ndeen nde rewi ko e weendu Mosammbik, nde rewi ko e fuɗnaange Maputo Bay, fotde 85 kiloomeeteer dow maayo.[4] To leydi Eswatini, maayo ngoo wiyetee ko Usutu mawngo walla Lusutfu, ngo rewi ko e gure Bunyaa, Luyengo, Sifofaneni, e Big Bend. Wuro Big Bend ina ɓadii nokku ɗo maayo ngoo ɓuuɓnata ɗoon e ɗoon. Usutu mawɗo oo ko maayo ɓurngo mawnude e nder Eswatini, ko ɗoon woni nokku ɓurɗo lesɗude e Eswatini (21 m dow koye maayo), ina anndaa e jolngo ndiyam danejam. Alaa gure mawɗe baawɗe feeñde e daande maayo sabu waalo luggiɗngo, ɓuuɓngo e laddeeji ɓuuɓɗi. Kono ko ɗoon woni galle won e nokkuuji golf, oteluuji, e nokkuuji restoraaji. == Tributeeruuji == Gila e fuɗɗoode haa e hunduko maggo, e nder doggol, ɓulli ɗii ko : Sihanahana, maayo Bonnie, Mpuluzi, Buhlungu, Umvenvane, Lusushwana, Sidvokodvo, Mkhondvo, Mhlamani, Mzimneni, Mzimphofu, Mhlathuzane, Mtsindzekwa, Nyetane, Maayo Funungolane, e. == Baraaji e dow ooɗoo maayo == * Baraas Westo * Baraas Lubovane == Tuugnorgal == 6npmu6ebfho4tnx3l7i46q4f0huqvk8 175715 175714 2026-06-22T19:20:45Z Nnamadee 11577 175715 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Maayo Maputo''' (Putugaal: Rio Maputo), noddirteende kadi maayo Usutu mawngo, maayo Lusutfu, walla maayo Suthu, ko maayo wonngo e Afrik worgo, Eswatini, e Mosammbik. Innde Suthu nde firti ko yimɓe Basotho en hoɗɓe saraaji ɓuuɓri maayo ngoo, kono Swazinaaɓe njani e maɓɓe, ndartini ɓe.<ref>Von Willig, G.R. (1925). Langs die Lebombo. J.L. van Schaik, Pretoria. pp. 175, 217.</ref> Ina wiyee kadi ko ɗum firti ‘dark brown’, sifaa ndiyam maayo ngo ɓuuɓngo.[2] E nder ɗuum innde Maputo ndee ina firta laamɗo Mabhudu Tembe, laamɗo e nder teeminannde XVIII e ndeen diiwaan.[3] == Yahde == Maayo ngoo ummii ko sara Amsterdaam, Mpumalanga, to Afrik worgo, ngo rewa fuɗnaange, ngo rewi ko Eswatini, ngo naatata ko e kaaƴe Lebombo. Ko ŋoral 13 km woni keeri hakkunde Eswatini e Afrik worgo. Ko ina tolnoo e kilooji capanɗe ɗiɗi, ko kañum woni keeri hakkunde Afrik worgo (diiwaan KwaZulu-Natal) e Mosammbik. Ko ɗoon, e nder dingiral jawdi Ndumo, ngal soomtata caangol maggal ɓurngol mawnude, hono maayo Pongola. Ndeen nde rewi ko e weendu Mosammbik, nde rewi ko e fuɗnaange Maputo Bay, fotde 85 kiloomeeteer dow maayo.[4] To leydi Eswatini, maayo ngoo wiyetee ko Usutu mawngo walla Lusutfu, ngo rewi ko e gure Bunyaa, Luyengo, Sifofaneni, e Big Bend. Wuro Big Bend ina ɓadii nokku ɗo maayo ngoo ɓuuɓnata ɗoon e ɗoon. Usutu mawɗo oo ko maayo ɓurngo mawnude e nder Eswatini, ko ɗoon woni nokku ɓurɗo lesɗude e Eswatini (21 m dow koye maayo), ina anndaa e jolngo ndiyam danejam. Alaa gure mawɗe baawɗe feeñde e daande maayo sabu waalo luggiɗngo, ɓuuɓngo e laddeeji ɓuuɓɗi. Kono ko ɗoon woni galle won e nokkuuji golf, oteluuji, e nokkuuji restoraaji. == Tributeeruuji == Gila e fuɗɗoode haa e hunduko maggo, e nder doggol, ɓulli ɗii ko : Sihanahana, maayo Bonnie, Mpuluzi, Buhlungu, Umvenvane, Lusushwana, Sidvokodvo, Mkhondvo, Mhlamani, Mzimneni, Mzimphofu, Mhlathuzane, Mtsindzekwa, Nyetane, Maayo Funungolane, e. == Baraaji e dow ooɗoo maayo == * Baraas Westo * Baraas Lubovane == Tuugnorgal == 47bs4e80ura2fq9k0a7xhiwsm3skh3s 175716 175715 2026-06-22T19:21:11Z Nnamadee 11577 175716 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Maayo Maputo''' (Putugaal: Rio Maputo), noddirteende kadi maayo Usutu mawngo, maayo Lusutfu, walla maayo Suthu, ko maayo wonngo e Afrik worgo, Eswatini, e Mosammbik. Innde Suthu nde firti ko yimɓe Basotho en hoɗɓe saraaji ɓuuɓri maayo ngoo, kono Swazinaaɓe njani e maɓɓe, ndartini ɓe.<ref>Von Willig, G.R. (1925). Langs die Lebombo. J.L. van Schaik, Pretoria. pp. 175, 217.</ref> Ina wiyee kadi ko ɗum firti ‘dark brown’, sifaa ndiyam maayo ngo ɓuuɓngo.<ref>Raper, P.E. (2004). South African place names. Jonathan Ball, Johannesburg and Cape Town. p. 387. <nowiki>ISBN 1-86842-190-2</nowiki>.</ref> E nder ɗuum innde Maputo ndee ina firta laamɗo Mabhudu Tembe, laamɗo e nder teeminannde XVIII e ndeen diiwaan.[3] == Yahde == Maayo ngoo ummii ko sara Amsterdaam, Mpumalanga, to Afrik worgo, ngo rewa fuɗnaange, ngo rewi ko Eswatini, ngo naatata ko e kaaƴe Lebombo. Ko ŋoral 13 km woni keeri hakkunde Eswatini e Afrik worgo. Ko ina tolnoo e kilooji capanɗe ɗiɗi, ko kañum woni keeri hakkunde Afrik worgo (diiwaan KwaZulu-Natal) e Mosammbik. Ko ɗoon, e nder dingiral jawdi Ndumo, ngal soomtata caangol maggal ɓurngol mawnude, hono maayo Pongola. Ndeen nde rewi ko e weendu Mosammbik, nde rewi ko e fuɗnaange Maputo Bay, fotde 85 kiloomeeteer dow maayo.[4] To leydi Eswatini, maayo ngoo wiyetee ko Usutu mawngo walla Lusutfu, ngo rewi ko e gure Bunyaa, Luyengo, Sifofaneni, e Big Bend. Wuro Big Bend ina ɓadii nokku ɗo maayo ngoo ɓuuɓnata ɗoon e ɗoon. Usutu mawɗo oo ko maayo ɓurngo mawnude e nder Eswatini, ko ɗoon woni nokku ɓurɗo lesɗude e Eswatini (21 m dow koye maayo), ina anndaa e jolngo ndiyam danejam. Alaa gure mawɗe baawɗe feeñde e daande maayo sabu waalo luggiɗngo, ɓuuɓngo e laddeeji ɓuuɓɗi. Kono ko ɗoon woni galle won e nokkuuji golf, oteluuji, e nokkuuji restoraaji. == Tributeeruuji == Gila e fuɗɗoode haa e hunduko maggo, e nder doggol, ɓulli ɗii ko : Sihanahana, maayo Bonnie, Mpuluzi, Buhlungu, Umvenvane, Lusushwana, Sidvokodvo, Mkhondvo, Mhlamani, Mzimneni, Mzimphofu, Mhlathuzane, Mtsindzekwa, Nyetane, Maayo Funungolane, e. == Baraaji e dow ooɗoo maayo == * Baraas Westo * Baraas Lubovane == Tuugnorgal == ahibbli6boh24vb3fk420bb4mekcb7i 175717 175716 2026-06-22T19:21:34Z Nnamadee 11577 175717 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Maayo Maputo''' (Putugaal: Rio Maputo), noddirteende kadi maayo Usutu mawngo, maayo Lusutfu, walla maayo Suthu, ko maayo wonngo e Afrik worgo, Eswatini, e Mosammbik. Innde Suthu nde firti ko yimɓe Basotho en hoɗɓe saraaji ɓuuɓri maayo ngoo, kono Swazinaaɓe njani e maɓɓe, ndartini ɓe.<ref>Von Willig, G.R. (1925). Langs die Lebombo. J.L. van Schaik, Pretoria. pp. 175, 217.</ref> Ina wiyee kadi ko ɗum firti ‘dark brown’, sifaa ndiyam maayo ngo ɓuuɓngo.<ref>Raper, P.E. (2004). South African place names. Jonathan Ball, Johannesburg and Cape Town. p. 387. <nowiki>ISBN 1-86842-190-2</nowiki>.</ref> E nder ɗuum innde Maputo ndee ina firta laamɗo Mabhudu Tembe, laamɗo e nder teeminannde XVIII e ndeen diiwaan.<ref>Kloppers, Roelie J. (2003). The History and Representation of the History of the Mabudu-Tembe (MA thesis). University of Stellenbosch. Retrieved 11 November 2025.</ref> == Yahde == Maayo ngoo ummii ko sara Amsterdaam, Mpumalanga, to Afrik worgo, ngo rewa fuɗnaange, ngo rewi ko Eswatini, ngo naatata ko e kaaƴe Lebombo. Ko ŋoral 13 km woni keeri hakkunde Eswatini e Afrik worgo. Ko ina tolnoo e kilooji capanɗe ɗiɗi, ko kañum woni keeri hakkunde Afrik worgo (diiwaan KwaZulu-Natal) e Mosammbik. Ko ɗoon, e nder dingiral jawdi Ndumo, ngal soomtata caangol maggal ɓurngol mawnude, hono maayo Pongola. Ndeen nde rewi ko e weendu Mosammbik, nde rewi ko e fuɗnaange Maputo Bay, fotde 85 kiloomeeteer dow maayo.[4] To leydi Eswatini, maayo ngoo wiyetee ko Usutu mawngo walla Lusutfu, ngo rewi ko e gure Bunyaa, Luyengo, Sifofaneni, e Big Bend. Wuro Big Bend ina ɓadii nokku ɗo maayo ngoo ɓuuɓnata ɗoon e ɗoon. Usutu mawɗo oo ko maayo ɓurngo mawnude e nder Eswatini, ko ɗoon woni nokku ɓurɗo lesɗude e Eswatini (21 m dow koye maayo), ina anndaa e jolngo ndiyam danejam. Alaa gure mawɗe baawɗe feeñde e daande maayo sabu waalo luggiɗngo, ɓuuɓngo e laddeeji ɓuuɓɗi. Kono ko ɗoon woni galle won e nokkuuji golf, oteluuji, e nokkuuji restoraaji. == Tributeeruuji == Gila e fuɗɗoode haa e hunduko maggo, e nder doggol, ɓulli ɗii ko : Sihanahana, maayo Bonnie, Mpuluzi, Buhlungu, Umvenvane, Lusushwana, Sidvokodvo, Mkhondvo, Mhlamani, Mzimneni, Mzimphofu, Mhlathuzane, Mtsindzekwa, Nyetane, Maayo Funungolane, e. == Baraaji e dow ooɗoo maayo == * Baraas Westo * Baraas Lubovane == Tuugnorgal == rdb82z4ocfu9pfbmwm59rkx6mjcbv5m 175718 175717 2026-06-22T19:22:02Z Nnamadee 11577 175718 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Maayo Maputo''' (Putugaal: Rio Maputo), noddirteende kadi maayo Usutu mawngo, maayo Lusutfu, walla maayo Suthu, ko maayo wonngo e Afrik worgo, Eswatini, e Mosammbik. Innde Suthu nde firti ko yimɓe Basotho en hoɗɓe saraaji ɓuuɓri maayo ngoo, kono Swazinaaɓe njani e maɓɓe, ndartini ɓe.<ref>Von Willig, G.R. (1925). Langs die Lebombo. J.L. van Schaik, Pretoria. pp. 175, 217.</ref> Ina wiyee kadi ko ɗum firti ‘dark brown’, sifaa ndiyam maayo ngo ɓuuɓngo.<ref>Raper, P.E. (2004). South African place names. Jonathan Ball, Johannesburg and Cape Town. p. 387. <nowiki>ISBN 1-86842-190-2</nowiki>.</ref> E nder ɗuum innde Maputo ndee ina firta laamɗo Mabhudu Tembe, laamɗo e nder teeminannde XVIII e ndeen diiwaan.<ref>Kloppers, Roelie J. (2003). The History and Representation of the History of the Mabudu-Tembe (MA thesis). University of Stellenbosch. Retrieved 11 November 2025.</ref> == Yahde == Maayo ngoo ummii ko sara Amsterdaam, Mpumalanga, to Afrik worgo, ngo rewa fuɗnaange, ngo rewi ko Eswatini, ngo naatata ko e kaaƴe Lebombo. Ko ŋoral 13 km woni keeri hakkunde Eswatini e Afrik worgo. Ko ina tolnoo e kilooji capanɗe ɗiɗi, ko kañum woni keeri hakkunde Afrik worgo (diiwaan KwaZulu-Natal) e Mosammbik. Ko ɗoon, e nder dingiral jawdi Ndumo, ngal soomtata caangol maggal ɓurngol mawnude, hono maayo Pongola. Ndeen nde rewi ko e weendu Mosammbik, nde rewi ko e fuɗnaange Maputo Bay, fotde 85 kiloomeeteer dow maayo.<ref>Rauken, T.; Kelman, I. (19 October 2010). "River flood vulnerability in Norway through the pressure and release model". Journal of Flood Risk Management. 3 (4): 314–322. doi:10.1111/j.1753-318x.2010.01080.x. ISSN 1753-318X.</ref> To leydi Eswatini, maayo ngoo wiyetee ko Usutu mawngo walla Lusutfu, ngo rewi ko e gure Bunyaa, Luyengo, Sifofaneni, e Big Bend. Wuro Big Bend ina ɓadii nokku ɗo maayo ngoo ɓuuɓnata ɗoon e ɗoon. Usutu mawɗo oo ko maayo ɓurngo mawnude e nder Eswatini, ko ɗoon woni nokku ɓurɗo lesɗude e Eswatini (21 m dow koye maayo), ina anndaa e jolngo ndiyam danejam. Alaa gure mawɗe baawɗe feeñde e daande maayo sabu waalo luggiɗngo, ɓuuɓngo e laddeeji ɓuuɓɗi. Kono ko ɗoon woni galle won e nokkuuji golf, oteluuji, e nokkuuji restoraaji. == Tributeeruuji == Gila e fuɗɗoode haa e hunduko maggo, e nder doggol, ɓulli ɗii ko : Sihanahana, maayo Bonnie, Mpuluzi, Buhlungu, Umvenvane, Lusushwana, Sidvokodvo, Mkhondvo, Mhlamani, Mzimneni, Mzimphofu, Mhlathuzane, Mtsindzekwa, Nyetane, Maayo Funungolane, e. == Baraaji e dow ooɗoo maayo == * Baraas Westo * Baraas Lubovane == Tuugnorgal == 08w7wyz7z7h07svggetpnyokemoclez 175719 175718 2026-06-22T19:22:31Z Nnamadee 11577 175719 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Maayo Maputo''' (Putugaal: Rio Maputo), noddirteende kadi maayo Usutu mawngo, maayo Lusutfu, walla maayo Suthu, ko maayo wonngo e Afrik worgo, Eswatini, e Mosammbik. Innde Suthu nde firti ko yimɓe Basotho en hoɗɓe saraaji ɓuuɓri maayo ngoo, kono Swazinaaɓe njani e maɓɓe, ndartini ɓe.<ref>Von Willig, G.R. (1925). Langs die Lebombo. J.L. van Schaik, Pretoria. pp. 175, 217.</ref> Ina wiyee kadi ko ɗum firti ‘dark brown’, sifaa ndiyam maayo ngo ɓuuɓngo.<ref>Raper, P.E. (2004). South African place names. Jonathan Ball, Johannesburg and Cape Town. p. 387. <nowiki>ISBN 1-86842-190-2</nowiki>.</ref> E nder ɗuum innde Maputo ndee ina firta laamɗo Mabhudu Tembe, laamɗo e nder teeminannde XVIII e ndeen diiwaan.<ref>Kloppers, Roelie J. (2003). The History and Representation of the History of the Mabudu-Tembe (MA thesis). University of Stellenbosch. Retrieved 11 November 2025.</ref> == Yahde == Maayo ngoo ummii ko sara Amsterdaam, Mpumalanga, to Afrik worgo, ngo rewa fuɗnaange, ngo rewi ko Eswatini, ngo naatata ko e kaaƴe Lebombo. Ko ŋoral 13 km woni keeri hakkunde Eswatini e Afrik worgo. Ko ina tolnoo e kilooji capanɗe ɗiɗi, ko kañum woni keeri hakkunde Afrik worgo (diiwaan KwaZulu-Natal) e Mosammbik. Ko ɗoon, e nder dingiral jawdi Ndumo, ngal soomtata caangol maggal ɓurngol mawnude, hono maayo Pongola. Ndeen nde rewi ko e weendu Mosammbik, nde rewi ko e fuɗnaange Maputo Bay, fotde 85 kiloomeeteer dow maayo.<ref>Rauken, T.; Kelman, I. (19 October 2010). "River flood vulnerability in Norway through the pressure and release model". Journal of Flood Risk Management. 3 (4): 314–322. doi:10.1111/j.1753-318x.2010.01080.x. ISSN 1753-318X.</ref> To leydi Eswatini, maayo ngoo wiyetee ko Usutu mawngo walla Lusutfu, ngo rewi ko e gure Bunyaa, Luyengo, Sifofaneni, e Big Bend. Wuro Big Bend ina ɓadii nokku ɗo maayo ngoo ɓuuɓnata ɗoon e ɗoon. Usutu mawɗo oo ko maayo ɓurngo mawnude e nder Eswatini, ko ɗoon woni nokku ɓurɗo lesɗude e Eswatini (21 m dow koye maayo), ina anndaa e jolngo ndiyam danejam. Alaa gure mawɗe baawɗe feeñde e daande maayo sabu waalo luggiɗngo, ɓuuɓngo e laddeeji ɓuuɓɗi. Kono ko ɗoon woni galle won e nokkuuji golf, oteluuji, e nokkuuji restoraaji. == Tributeeruuji == Gila e fuɗɗoode haa e hunduko maggo, e nder doggol, ɓulli ɗii ko : Sihanahana, maayo Bonnie, Mpuluzi, Buhlungu, Umvenvane, Lusushwana, Sidvokodvo, Mkhondvo, Mhlamani, Mzimneni, Mzimphofu, Mhlathuzane, Mtsindzekwa, Nyetane, Maayo Funungolane, e.<ref>Usuthu/Mhlatuze WMA 6</ref> == Baraaji e dow ooɗoo maayo == * Baraas Westo * Baraas Lubovane == Tuugnorgal == o4v29rmy3pnqe9lya7afkba7czsmkpr 175720 175719 2026-06-22T19:22:53Z Nnamadee 11577 175720 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Maayo Maputo''' (Putugaal: Rio Maputo), noddirteende kadi maayo Usutu mawngo, maayo Lusutfu, walla maayo Suthu, ko maayo wonngo e Afrik worgo, Eswatini, e Mosammbik. Innde Suthu nde firti ko yimɓe Basotho en hoɗɓe saraaji ɓuuɓri maayo ngoo, kono Swazinaaɓe njani e maɓɓe, ndartini ɓe.<ref>Von Willig, G.R. (1925). Langs die Lebombo. J.L. van Schaik, Pretoria. pp. 175, 217.</ref> Ina wiyee kadi ko ɗum firti ‘dark brown’, sifaa ndiyam maayo ngo ɓuuɓngo.<ref>Raper, P.E. (2004). South African place names. Jonathan Ball, Johannesburg and Cape Town. p. 387. <nowiki>ISBN 1-86842-190-2</nowiki>.</ref> E nder ɗuum innde Maputo ndee ina firta laamɗo Mabhudu Tembe, laamɗo e nder teeminannde XVIII e ndeen diiwaan.<ref>Kloppers, Roelie J. (2003). The History and Representation of the History of the Mabudu-Tembe (MA thesis). University of Stellenbosch. Retrieved 11 November 2025.</ref> == Yahde == Maayo ngoo ummii ko sara Amsterdaam, Mpumalanga, to Afrik worgo, ngo rewa fuɗnaange, ngo rewi ko Eswatini, ngo naatata ko e kaaƴe Lebombo. Ko ŋoral 13 km woni keeri hakkunde Eswatini e Afrik worgo. Ko ina tolnoo e kilooji capanɗe ɗiɗi, ko kañum woni keeri hakkunde Afrik worgo (diiwaan KwaZulu-Natal) e Mosammbik. Ko ɗoon, e nder dingiral jawdi Ndumo, ngal soomtata caangol maggal ɓurngol mawnude, hono maayo Pongola. Ndeen nde rewi ko e weendu Mosammbik, nde rewi ko e fuɗnaange Maputo Bay, fotde 85 kiloomeeteer dow maayo.<ref>Rauken, T.; Kelman, I. (19 October 2010). "River flood vulnerability in Norway through the pressure and release model". Journal of Flood Risk Management. 3 (4): 314–322. doi:10.1111/j.1753-318x.2010.01080.x. ISSN 1753-318X.</ref> To leydi Eswatini, maayo ngoo wiyetee ko Usutu mawngo walla Lusutfu, ngo rewi ko e gure Bunyaa, Luyengo, Sifofaneni, e Big Bend. Wuro Big Bend ina ɓadii nokku ɗo maayo ngoo ɓuuɓnata ɗoon e ɗoon. Usutu mawɗo oo ko maayo ɓurngo mawnude e nder Eswatini, ko ɗoon woni nokku ɓurɗo lesɗude e Eswatini (21 m dow koye maayo), ina anndaa e jolngo ndiyam danejam. Alaa gure mawɗe baawɗe feeñde e daande maayo sabu waalo luggiɗngo, ɓuuɓngo e laddeeji ɓuuɓɗi. Kono ko ɗoon woni galle won e nokkuuji golf, oteluuji, e nokkuuji restoraaji. == Tributeeruuji == Gila e fuɗɗoode haa e hunduko maggo, e nder doggol, ɓulli ɗii ko : Sihanahana, maayo Bonnie, Mpuluzi, Buhlungu, Umvenvane, Lusushwana, Sidvokodvo, Mkhondvo, Mhlamani, Mzimneni, Mzimphofu, Mhlathuzane, Mtsindzekwa, Nyetane, Maayo Funungolane, e.<ref>Usuthu/Mhlatuze WMA 6</ref> == Baraaji e dow ooɗoo maayo == * Baraas Westo * Baraas Lubovane == Tuugnorgal == 650bubhgr3lz009wr31juj32bvft0lt 0 42415 175722 2026-06-22T19:24:37Z Nnamadee 11577 Created page with "'''Maayo Mhlathuze''' (e Afriknaaɓe: Mhlathuzerivier) ko maayo e Afrik worgo. E nder leydi Kwazulu-Natal, nokku mum ina waɗi 4 209 km2. Nde ummotoo ko bannge hirnaange e nder tule Babanango to dow 1 519 m, nde ummotoo ko ɓuri 100 km fuɗnaange haa nde waɗta ɓuuɓol.[1] Port Richards Bay luggiɗiiɗo ina woni e daande maayo Mhlathuze e denndaangal ƴellitaare gollorɗe ina woni e nder nokku Empangeni / Richards Bay. == Baraasuuji == * Baraas Goedertrouw == Tuugnor..." 175722 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Maayo Mhlathuze''' (e Afriknaaɓe: Mhlathuzerivier) ko maayo e Afrik worgo. E nder leydi Kwazulu-Natal, nokku mum ina waɗi 4 209 km2. Nde ummotoo ko bannge hirnaange e nder tule Babanango to dow 1 519 m, nde ummotoo ko ɓuri 100 km fuɗnaange haa nde waɗta ɓuuɓol.[1] Port Richards Bay luggiɗiiɗo ina woni e daande maayo Mhlathuze e denndaangal ƴellitaare gollorɗe ina woni e nder nokku Empangeni / Richards Bay. == Baraasuuji == * Baraas Goedertrouw == Tuugnorgal == 8xln538gidhytefq1m9kmta12vbuw5k 175723 175722 2026-06-22T19:25:12Z Nnamadee 11577 175723 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Maayo Mhlathuze''' (e Afriknaaɓe: Mhlathuzerivier) ko maayo e Afrik worgo. E nder leydi Kwazulu-Natal, nokku mum ina waɗi 4 209 km2. Nde ummotoo ko bannge hirnaange e nder tule Babanango to dow 1 519 m, nde ummotoo ko ɓuri 100 km fuɗnaange haa nde waɗta ɓuuɓol.<ref>Mhlathuze River Estuary, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa Archived 2012-07-08 at the Wayback Machine</ref> Port Richards Bay luggiɗiiɗo ina woni e daande maayo Mhlathuze e denndaangal ƴellitaare gollorɗe ina woni e nder nokku Empangeni / Richards Bay. == Baraasuuji == * Baraas Goedertrouw == Tuugnorgal == 2pf6oe5uugmz8p7y2aiphsk8qxhhaww 175724 175723 2026-06-22T19:25:30Z Nnamadee 11577 175724 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Maayo Mhlathuze''' (e Afriknaaɓe: Mhlathuzerivier) ko maayo e Afrik worgo. E nder leydi Kwazulu-Natal, nokku mum ina waɗi 4 209 km2. Nde ummotoo ko bannge hirnaange e nder tule Babanango to dow 1 519 m, nde ummotoo ko ɓuri 100 km fuɗnaange haa nde waɗta ɓuuɓol.<ref>Mhlathuze River Estuary, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa Archived 2012-07-08 at the Wayback Machine</ref> Port Richards Bay luggiɗiiɗo ina woni e daande maayo Mhlathuze e denndaangal ƴellitaare gollorɗe ina woni e nder nokku Empangeni / Richards Bay. == Baraasuuji == * Baraas Goedertrouw == Tuugnorgal == g5v55up6aav9y7iq5x3yc1ej54cyak1 0 42416 175726 2026-06-22T19:30:53Z Nnamadee 11577 Created page with "{{Databox}} '''Maayo Umfolozi''' (wom kadi ko uMfolozi, Imfolozi walla Mfolozi) ko maayo e nder diiwaan Kwazulu-Nataal e nder diiwaan Afrik worgo. Nde sosaa ko e kawral maayo ɓaleejo (Imfolozi emnyama) e maayo ɓaleejo (Imfolozi emhlope) sara keeri fuɗnaange-rewo nokku restoraaji Hluhluwe-Umfolozi. Innde isiZulu imFolozi ina heewi siforaade no sifotoo laawol zigzag ngol ɓulli ɗiɗi ɗii fof ndewi, hay so tawii noon firooji goɗɗi ina ndokkee.[1] Maayo ngo ina ilna..." 175726 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Maayo Umfolozi''' (wom kadi ko uMfolozi, Imfolozi walla Mfolozi) ko maayo e nder diiwaan Kwazulu-Nataal e nder diiwaan Afrik worgo. Nde sosaa ko e kawral maayo ɓaleejo (Imfolozi emnyama) e maayo ɓaleejo (Imfolozi emhlope) sara keeri fuɗnaange-rewo nokku restoraaji Hluhluwe-Umfolozi. Innde isiZulu imFolozi ina heewi siforaade no sifotoo laawol zigzag ngol ɓulli ɗiɗi ɗii fof ndewi, hay so tawii noon firooji goɗɗi ina ndokkee.[1] Maayo ngo ina ilna bannge fuɗnaange haa yettoo maayo Indiya to Maphelana, nokku gonɗo e daande maayo to bannge worgo hunduko maayo St Lucia. Nde fuɗɗii ko e dow ŋoral Monzi, ɗo nde feccii e ŋoral keewngal ɓuuɓngal hade mayre naatde e maayo St. Lucia to Honeymoon Bend. Ndiyam e leɗɗe ɓuuɓɗe e nder laabi gollorɗi ko no mbaydi filtoraade nafoore nde ittata ɓuuɓri e ndiyam ilam Umfolozi, nde sosi nokku keewɗo hoɗorde ngam kullon keewkon. == Ekoloji == E kitaale 1950, Fedde jom leydi en Umfolozi ina joginoo, ina artificie, ina rewna maayo ngoo e nder ŋoral Monzi ngam ƴellitde gese kaaƴe. Kanal Umfolozi keso oo waɗii ndiyam ɗam filtiraaka ɗam ina ɓuuɓna ɓuuɓri mum caggal nde naati e maayo St. Lucia ɓurngo leeltude. Ɗum addani hunduko maayo ngoo yaawde ɓuuɓde. Ko winndannde wootere tan waɗi ɗum haa oon sahaa, e nder yooro duumiingo e kitaale 1930. To 28°20′58′′S 31°58′46′′E maayo Umfolozi ɓaleejo e maayo Umfolozi ɓaleejo, kawri ngam waɗde Umfolozi. === Maandolji === Ko maayo ɓuuɓngo, ngo njaajeendi mum ko 11 068 km3. Njaajeendi maggal ko 38 meeter saraaji hunduko maggal, njuuteendi maggal ko 0,36 m/km. Hakindo njaajeendi huunde leeso ngoo ko 0,35 mm (sanngara).[2] === Caɗeele sediment === Transports maayo ina nawda hitaande kala 1,4 miliyoŋ ton ƴiiƴam ɓuuɓɗam haa e maayo.[2] Laamu nguu fuɗɗiima golle ɓuuɓɗe e nder nokku biyeteeɗo hunduko maayo ngoo, kono ɗum hollitii wonde alaa ko nafata. Caggal duuɓi keewɗi e ɓuuɓri, peeje garooje ɗee ko haɗde maayo Umfolozi naatde e maayo St Lucia. Maayo Umfolozi ngoo, ko kañum feewnaa e maayo to Maphelana. Batte ndeeɗoo kuulal ina njokki ; ɓuuɓol silt ummoraade e maayo ngoo ina heewi ɓuuɓde e henndu tiiɗndu fuɗnaange haa to fuɗnaange Sodwana Bay, 100 km. Waylooji ɗii ina kulɓina ƴiye koraay, ɗe ndokka liɗɗi hoɗorde, ina ndeena daande maayo. Yanti heen, ina haɗa njulaagu moƴƴu jokkondirngu e Kap Vidal, jeyaaɗo e nokku ɓuuɓɗo iSimangaliso, nokku gonɗo e taariindi winndere UNESCO. === Lidi === Liɗɗi daneeji (Labeobarbus natalensis) ko liɗɗi tawaaɗi e nder Siistem maayo Umfolozi kam e Umzimkulu, Umkomazi, Tugela e Mgeni. Ko ɗum leñol keewngol e nder diiwaan KwaZulu-Natal, ngol wuuri ko e nokkuuji ceertuɗi hakkunde ŋoral Drakensberg e ŋoral daande maayo.[3] == Fotooje weeyo == 3n48mvfkpsx2rokgkpofmc11h61pwr9 175727 175726 2026-06-22T19:32:45Z Nnamadee 11577 175727 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Maayo Umfolozi''' (wom kadi ko uMfolozi, Imfolozi walla Mfolozi) ko maayo e nder diiwaan Kwazulu-Nataal e nder diiwaan Afrik worgo. Nde sosaa ko e kawral maayo ɓaleejo (Imfolozi emnyama) e maayo ɓaleejo (Imfolozi emhlope) sara keeri fuɗnaange-rewo nokku restoraaji Hluhluwe-Umfolozi. Innde isiZulu imFolozi ina heewi siforaade no sifotoo laawol zigzag ngol ɓulli ɗiɗi ɗii fof ndewi, hay so tawii noon firooji goɗɗi ina ndokkee.<ref>du Plessis, E.J. (1973). Suid-Afrikaanse berg- en riviername. Tafelberg-uitgewers, Cape Town. p. 273. <nowiki>ISBN 0-624-00273-X</nowiki>.</ref> Maayo ngo ina ilna bannge fuɗnaange haa yettoo maayo Indiya to Maphelana, nokku gonɗo e daande maayo to bannge worgo hunduko maayo St Lucia. Nde fuɗɗii ko e dow ŋoral Monzi, ɗo nde feccii e ŋoral keewngal ɓuuɓngal hade mayre naatde e maayo St. Lucia to Honeymoon Bend. Ndiyam e leɗɗe ɓuuɓɗe e nder laabi gollorɗi ko no mbaydi filtoraade nafoore nde ittata ɓuuɓri e ndiyam ilam Umfolozi, nde sosi nokku keewɗo hoɗorde ngam kullon keewkon. == Ekoloji == E kitaale 1950, Fedde jom leydi en Umfolozi ina joginoo, ina artificie, ina rewna maayo ngoo e nder ŋoral Monzi ngam ƴellitde gese kaaƴe. Kanal Umfolozi keso oo waɗii ndiyam ɗam filtiraaka ɗam ina ɓuuɓna ɓuuɓri mum caggal nde naati e maayo St. Lucia ɓurngo leeltude. Ɗum addani hunduko maayo ngoo yaawde ɓuuɓde. Ko winndannde wootere tan waɗi ɗum haa oon sahaa, e nder yooro duumiingo e kitaale 1930. To 28°20′58′′S 31°58′46′′E maayo Umfolozi ɓaleejo e maayo Umfolozi ɓaleejo, kawri ngam waɗde Umfolozi. === Maandolji === Ko maayo ɓuuɓngo, ngo njaajeendi mum ko 11 068 km3. Njaajeendi maggal ko 38 meeter saraaji hunduko maggal, njuuteendi maggal ko 0,36 m/km. Hakindo njaajeendi huunde leeso ngoo ko 0,35 mm (sanngara).[2] === Caɗeele sediment === Transports maayo ina nawda hitaande kala 1,4 miliyoŋ ton ƴiiƴam ɓuuɓɗam haa e maayo.[2] Laamu nguu fuɗɗiima golle ɓuuɓɗe e nder nokku biyeteeɗo hunduko maayo ngoo, kono ɗum hollitii wonde alaa ko nafata. Caggal duuɓi keewɗi e ɓuuɓri, peeje garooje ɗee ko haɗde maayo Umfolozi naatde e maayo St Lucia. Maayo Umfolozi ngoo, ko kañum feewnaa e maayo to Maphelana. Batte ndeeɗoo kuulal ina njokki ; ɓuuɓol silt ummoraade e maayo ngoo ina heewi ɓuuɓde e henndu tiiɗndu fuɗnaange haa to fuɗnaange Sodwana Bay, 100 km. Waylooji ɗii ina kulɓina ƴiye koraay, ɗe ndokka liɗɗi hoɗorde, ina ndeena daande maayo. Yanti heen, ina haɗa njulaagu moƴƴu jokkondirngu e Kap Vidal, jeyaaɗo e nokku ɓuuɓɗo iSimangaliso, nokku gonɗo e taariindi winndere UNESCO. === Lidi === Liɗɗi daneeji (Labeobarbus natalensis) ko liɗɗi tawaaɗi e nder Siistem maayo Umfolozi kam e Umzimkulu, Umkomazi, Tugela e Mgeni. Ko ɗum leñol keewngol e nder diiwaan KwaZulu-Natal, ngol wuuri ko e nokkuuji ceertuɗi hakkunde ŋoral Drakensberg e ŋoral daande maayo.[3] == Fotooje weeyo == == Tuugnorgal == suonqmuwj4m0ryx31mc4b19d9tne9ac 175728 175727 2026-06-22T19:33:13Z Nnamadee 11577 175728 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Maayo Umfolozi''' (wom kadi ko uMfolozi, Imfolozi walla Mfolozi) ko maayo e nder diiwaan Kwazulu-Nataal e nder diiwaan Afrik worgo. Nde sosaa ko e kawral maayo ɓaleejo (Imfolozi emnyama) e maayo ɓaleejo (Imfolozi emhlope) sara keeri fuɗnaange-rewo nokku restoraaji Hluhluwe-Umfolozi. Innde isiZulu imFolozi ina heewi siforaade no sifotoo laawol zigzag ngol ɓulli ɗiɗi ɗii fof ndewi, hay so tawii noon firooji goɗɗi ina ndokkee.<ref>du Plessis, E.J. (1973). Suid-Afrikaanse berg- en riviername. Tafelberg-uitgewers, Cape Town. p. 273. <nowiki>ISBN 0-624-00273-X</nowiki>.</ref> Maayo ngo ina ilna bannge fuɗnaange haa yettoo maayo Indiya to Maphelana, nokku gonɗo e daande maayo to bannge worgo hunduko maayo St Lucia. Nde fuɗɗii ko e dow ŋoral Monzi, ɗo nde feccii e ŋoral keewngal ɓuuɓngal hade mayre naatde e maayo St. Lucia to Honeymoon Bend. Ndiyam e leɗɗe ɓuuɓɗe e nder laabi gollorɗi ko no mbaydi filtoraade nafoore nde ittata ɓuuɓri e ndiyam ilam Umfolozi, nde sosi nokku keewɗo hoɗorde ngam kullon keewkon. == Ekoloji == E kitaale 1950, Fedde jom leydi en Umfolozi ina joginoo, ina artificie, ina rewna maayo ngoo e nder ŋoral Monzi ngam ƴellitde gese kaaƴe. Kanal Umfolozi keso oo waɗii ndiyam ɗam filtiraaka ɗam ina ɓuuɓna ɓuuɓri mum caggal nde naati e maayo St. Lucia ɓurngo leeltude. Ɗum addani hunduko maayo ngoo yaawde ɓuuɓde. Ko winndannde wootere tan waɗi ɗum haa oon sahaa, e nder yooro duumiingo e kitaale 1930. To 28°20′58′′S 31°58′46′′E maayo Umfolozi ɓaleejo e maayo Umfolozi ɓaleejo, kawri ngam waɗde Umfolozi. === Maandolji === Ko maayo ɓuuɓngo, ngo njaajeendi mum ko 11 068 km3. Njaajeendi maggal ko 38 meeter saraaji hunduko maggal, njuuteendi maggal ko 0,36 m/km. Hakindo njaajeendi huunde leeso ngoo ko 0,35 mm (sanngara).<ref>Hanibal Lemma, and colleagues (2019). "Bedload transport measurements in the Gilgel Abay River, Lake Tana Basin, Ethiopia". Journal of Hydrology. 577 123968. Bibcode:2019JHyd..57723968L. doi:10.1016/j.jhydrol.2019.123968. S2CID 199099061.</ref> === Caɗeele sediment === Transports maayo ina nawda hitaande kala 1,4 miliyoŋ ton ƴiiƴam ɓuuɓɗam haa e maayo.[2] Laamu nguu fuɗɗiima golle ɓuuɓɗe e nder nokku biyeteeɗo hunduko maayo ngoo, kono ɗum hollitii wonde alaa ko nafata. Caggal duuɓi keewɗi e ɓuuɓri, peeje garooje ɗee ko haɗde maayo Umfolozi naatde e maayo St Lucia. Maayo Umfolozi ngoo, ko kañum feewnaa e maayo to Maphelana. Batte ndeeɗoo kuulal ina njokki ; ɓuuɓol silt ummoraade e maayo ngoo ina heewi ɓuuɓde e henndu tiiɗndu fuɗnaange haa to fuɗnaange Sodwana Bay, 100 km. Waylooji ɗii ina kulɓina ƴiye koraay, ɗe ndokka liɗɗi hoɗorde, ina ndeena daande maayo. Yanti heen, ina haɗa njulaagu moƴƴu jokkondirngu e Kap Vidal, jeyaaɗo e nokku ɓuuɓɗo iSimangaliso, nokku gonɗo e taariindi winndere UNESCO. === Lidi === Liɗɗi daneeji (Labeobarbus natalensis) ko liɗɗi tawaaɗi e nder Siistem maayo Umfolozi kam e Umzimkulu, Umkomazi, Tugela e Mgeni. Ko ɗum leñol keewngol e nder diiwaan KwaZulu-Natal, ngol wuuri ko e nokkuuji ceertuɗi hakkunde ŋoral Drakensberg e ŋoral daande maayo.[3] == Fotooje weeyo == == Tuugnorgal == 1a7ag2ddf8fwm7c22jy7oc5gkrz896t 175729 175728 2026-06-22T19:33:48Z Nnamadee 11577 175729 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Maayo Umfolozi''' (wom kadi ko uMfolozi, Imfolozi walla Mfolozi) ko maayo e nder diiwaan Kwazulu-Nataal e nder diiwaan Afrik worgo. Nde sosaa ko e kawral maayo ɓaleejo (Imfolozi emnyama) e maayo ɓaleejo (Imfolozi emhlope) sara keeri fuɗnaange-rewo nokku restoraaji Hluhluwe-Umfolozi. Innde isiZulu imFolozi ina heewi siforaade no sifotoo laawol zigzag ngol ɓulli ɗiɗi ɗii fof ndewi, hay so tawii noon firooji goɗɗi ina ndokkee.<ref>du Plessis, E.J. (1973). Suid-Afrikaanse berg- en riviername. Tafelberg-uitgewers, Cape Town. p. 273. <nowiki>ISBN 0-624-00273-X</nowiki>.</ref> Maayo ngo ina ilna bannge fuɗnaange haa yettoo maayo Indiya to Maphelana, nokku gonɗo e daande maayo to bannge worgo hunduko maayo St Lucia. Nde fuɗɗii ko e dow ŋoral Monzi, ɗo nde feccii e ŋoral keewngal ɓuuɓngal hade mayre naatde e maayo St. Lucia to Honeymoon Bend. Ndiyam e leɗɗe ɓuuɓɗe e nder laabi gollorɗi ko no mbaydi filtoraade nafoore nde ittata ɓuuɓri e ndiyam ilam Umfolozi, nde sosi nokku keewɗo hoɗorde ngam kullon keewkon. == Ekoloji == E kitaale 1950, Fedde jom leydi en Umfolozi ina joginoo, ina artificie, ina rewna maayo ngoo e nder ŋoral Monzi ngam ƴellitde gese kaaƴe. Kanal Umfolozi keso oo waɗii ndiyam ɗam filtiraaka ɗam ina ɓuuɓna ɓuuɓri mum caggal nde naati e maayo St. Lucia ɓurngo leeltude. Ɗum addani hunduko maayo ngoo yaawde ɓuuɓde. Ko winndannde wootere tan waɗi ɗum haa oon sahaa, e nder yooro duumiingo e kitaale 1930. To 28°20′58′′S 31°58′46′′E maayo Umfolozi ɓaleejo e maayo Umfolozi ɓaleejo, kawri ngam waɗde Umfolozi. === Maandolji === Ko maayo ɓuuɓngo, ngo njaajeendi mum ko 11 068 km3. Njaajeendi maggal ko 38 meeter saraaji hunduko maggal, njuuteendi maggal ko 0,36 m/km. Hakindo njaajeendi huunde leeso ngoo ko 0,35 mm (sanngara).<ref name=":0">Hanibal Lemma, and colleagues (2019). "Bedload transport measurements in the Gilgel Abay River, Lake Tana Basin, Ethiopia". Journal of Hydrology. 577 123968. Bibcode:2019JHyd..57723968L. doi:10.1016/j.jhydrol.2019.123968. S2CID 199099061.</ref> === Caɗeele sediment === Transports maayo ina nawda hitaande kala 1,4 miliyoŋ ton ƴiiƴam ɓuuɓɗam haa e maayo.<ref name=":0" /> Laamu nguu fuɗɗiima golle ɓuuɓɗe e nder nokku biyeteeɗo hunduko maayo ngoo, kono ɗum hollitii wonde alaa ko nafata. Caggal duuɓi keewɗi e ɓuuɓri, peeje garooje ɗee ko haɗde maayo Umfolozi naatde e maayo St Lucia. Maayo Umfolozi ngoo, ko kañum feewnaa e maayo to Maphelana. Batte ndeeɗoo kuulal ina njokki ; ɓuuɓol silt ummoraade e maayo ngoo ina heewi ɓuuɓde e henndu tiiɗndu fuɗnaange haa to fuɗnaange Sodwana Bay, 100 km. Waylooji ɗii ina kulɓina ƴiye koraay, ɗe ndokka liɗɗi hoɗorde, ina ndeena daande maayo. Yanti heen, ina haɗa njulaagu moƴƴu jokkondirngu e Kap Vidal, jeyaaɗo e nokku ɓuuɓɗo iSimangaliso, nokku gonɗo e taariindi winndere UNESCO. === Lidi === Liɗɗi daneeji (Labeobarbus natalensis) ko liɗɗi tawaaɗi e nder Siistem maayo Umfolozi kam e Umzimkulu, Umkomazi, Tugela e Mgeni. Ko ɗum leñol keewngol e nder diiwaan KwaZulu-Natal, ngol wuuri ko e nokkuuji ceertuɗi hakkunde ŋoral Drakensberg e ŋoral daande maayo.[3] == Fotooje weeyo == == Tuugnorgal == bd0wdx5vugrft9zmu5yz6gs02blreuf 175731 175729 2026-06-22T19:35:46Z Nnamadee 11577 175731 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Maayo Umfolozi''' (wom kadi ko uMfolozi, Imfolozi walla Mfolozi) ko maayo e nder diiwaan Kwazulu-Nataal e nder diiwaan Afrik worgo. Nde sosaa ko e kawral maayo ɓaleejo (Imfolozi emnyama) e maayo ɓaleejo (Imfolozi emhlope) sara keeri fuɗnaange-rewo nokku restoraaji Hluhluwe-Umfolozi. Innde isiZulu imFolozi ina heewi siforaade no sifotoo laawol zigzag ngol ɓulli ɗiɗi ɗii fof ndewi, hay so tawii noon firooji goɗɗi ina ndokkee.<ref>du Plessis, E.J. (1973). Suid-Afrikaanse berg- en riviername. Tafelberg-uitgewers, Cape Town. p. 273. <nowiki>ISBN 0-624-00273-X</nowiki>.</ref> Maayo ngo ina ilna bannge fuɗnaange haa yettoo maayo Indiya to Maphelana, nokku gonɗo e daande maayo to bannge worgo hunduko maayo St Lucia. Nde fuɗɗii ko e dow ŋoral Monzi, ɗo nde feccii e ŋoral keewngal ɓuuɓngal hade mayre naatde e maayo St. Lucia to Honeymoon Bend. Ndiyam e leɗɗe ɓuuɓɗe e nder laabi gollorɗi ko no mbaydi filtoraade nafoore nde ittata ɓuuɓri e ndiyam ilam Umfolozi, nde sosi nokku keewɗo hoɗorde ngam kullon keewkon. == Ekoloji == E kitaale 1950, Fedde jom leydi en Umfolozi ina joginoo, ina artificie, ina rewna maayo ngoo e nder ŋoral Monzi ngam ƴellitde gese kaaƴe. Kanal Umfolozi keso oo waɗii ndiyam ɗam filtiraaka ɗam ina ɓuuɓna ɓuuɓri mum caggal nde naati e maayo St. Lucia ɓurngo leeltude. Ɗum addani hunduko maayo ngoo yaawde ɓuuɓde. Ko winndannde wootere tan waɗi ɗum haa oon sahaa, e nder yooro duumiingo e kitaale 1930. To 28°20′58′′S 31°58′46′′E maayo Umfolozi ɓaleejo e maayo Umfolozi ɓaleejo, kawri ngam waɗde Umfolozi. === Maandolji === Ko maayo ɓuuɓngo, ngo njaajeendi mum ko 11 068 km3. Njaajeendi maggal ko 38 meeter saraaji hunduko maggal, njuuteendi maggal ko 0,36 m/km. Hakindo njaajeendi huunde leeso ngoo ko 0,35 mm (sanngara).<ref name=":0">Hanibal Lemma, and colleagues (2019). "Bedload transport measurements in the Gilgel Abay River, Lake Tana Basin, Ethiopia". Journal of Hydrology. 577 123968. Bibcode:2019JHyd..57723968L. doi:10.1016/j.jhydrol.2019.123968. S2CID 199099061.</ref> === Caɗeele sediment === Transports maayo ina nawda hitaande kala 1,4 miliyoŋ ton ƴiiƴam ɓuuɓɗam haa e maayo.<ref name=":0" /> Laamu nguu fuɗɗiima golle ɓuuɓɗe e nder nokku biyeteeɗo hunduko maayo ngoo, kono ɗum hollitii wonde alaa ko nafata. Caggal duuɓi keewɗi e ɓuuɓri, peeje garooje ɗee ko haɗde maayo Umfolozi naatde e maayo St Lucia. Maayo Umfolozi ngoo, ko kañum feewnaa e maayo to Maphelana. Batte ndeeɗoo kuulal ina njokki ; ɓuuɓol silt ummoraade e maayo ngoo ina heewi ɓuuɓde e henndu tiiɗndu fuɗnaange haa to fuɗnaange Sodwana Bay, 100 km. Waylooji ɗii ina kulɓina ƴiye koraay, ɗe ndokka liɗɗi hoɗorde, ina ndeena daande maayo. Yanti heen, ina haɗa njulaagu moƴƴu jokkondirngu e Kap Vidal, jeyaaɗo e nokku ɓuuɓɗo iSimangaliso, nokku gonɗo e taariindi winndere UNESCO. === Lidi === Liɗɗi daneeji (Labeobarbus natalensis) ko liɗɗi tawaaɗi e nder Siistem maayo Umfolozi kam e Umzimkulu, Umkomazi, Tugela e Mgeni. Ko ɗum leñol keewngol e nder diiwaan KwaZulu-Natal, ngol wuuri ko e nokkuuji ceertuɗi hakkunde ŋoral Drakensberg e ŋoral daande maayo.<ref>"Technical Report on the State of Yellowfishes in South Africa 2007" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2017-06-29. Retrieved 2012-03-29.</ref> == Fotooje weeyo == == Tuugnorgal == 7f5dl5islllgvwvdr6d1hoqtevymf1n 175732 175731 2026-06-22T19:36:54Z Nnamadee 11577 175732 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Maayo Umfolozi''' (wom kadi ko uMfolozi, Imfolozi walla Mfolozi) ko maayo e nder diiwaan Kwazulu-Nataal e nder diiwaan Afrik worgo. Nde sosaa ko e kawral maayo ɓaleejo (Imfolozi emnyama) e maayo ɓaleejo (Imfolozi emhlope) sara keeri fuɗnaange-rewo nokku restoraaji Hluhluwe-Umfolozi. Innde isiZulu imFolozi ina heewi siforaade no sifotoo laawol zigzag ngol ɓulli ɗiɗi ɗii fof ndewi, hay so tawii noon firooji goɗɗi ina ndokkee.<ref>du Plessis, E.J. (1973). Suid-Afrikaanse berg- en riviername. Tafelberg-uitgewers, Cape Town. p. 273. <nowiki>ISBN 0-624-00273-X</nowiki>.</ref> Maayo ngo ina ilna bannge fuɗnaange haa yettoo maayo Indiya to Maphelana, nokku gonɗo e daande maayo to bannge worgo hunduko maayo St Lucia. Nde fuɗɗii ko e dow ŋoral Monzi, ɗo nde feccii e ŋoral keewngal ɓuuɓngal hade mayre naatde e maayo St. Lucia to Honeymoon Bend. Ndiyam e leɗɗe ɓuuɓɗe e nder laabi gollorɗi ko no mbaydi filtoraade nafoore nde ittata ɓuuɓri e ndiyam ilam Umfolozi, nde sosi nokku keewɗo hoɗorde ngam kullon keewkon. == Ekoloji == E kitaale 1950, Fedde jom leydi en Umfolozi ina joginoo, ina artificie, ina rewna maayo ngoo e nder ŋoral Monzi ngam ƴellitde gese kaaƴe. Kanal Umfolozi keso oo waɗii ndiyam ɗam filtiraaka ɗam ina ɓuuɓna ɓuuɓri mum caggal nde naati e maayo St. Lucia ɓurngo leeltude. Ɗum addani hunduko maayo ngoo yaawde ɓuuɓde. Ko winndannde wootere tan waɗi ɗum haa oon sahaa, e nder yooro duumiingo e kitaale 1930. To 28°20′58′′S 31°58′46′′E maayo Umfolozi ɓaleejo e maayo Umfolozi ɓaleejo, kawri ngam waɗde Umfolozi. === Maandolji === Ko maayo ɓuuɓngo, ngo njaajeendi mum ko 11 068 km3. Njaajeendi maggal ko 38 meeter saraaji hunduko maggal, njuuteendi maggal ko 0,36 m/km. Hakindo njaajeendi huunde leeso ngoo ko 0,35 mm (sanngara).<ref name=":0">Hanibal Lemma, and colleagues (2019). "Bedload transport measurements in the Gilgel Abay River, Lake Tana Basin, Ethiopia". Journal of Hydrology. 577 123968. Bibcode:2019JHyd..57723968L. doi:10.1016/j.jhydrol.2019.123968. S2CID 199099061.</ref> === Caɗeele sediment === Transports maayo ina nawda hitaande kala 1,4 miliyoŋ ton ƴiiƴam ɓuuɓɗam haa e maayo.<ref name=":0" /> Laamu nguu fuɗɗiima golle ɓuuɓɗe e nder nokku biyeteeɗo hunduko maayo ngoo, kono ɗum hollitii wonde alaa ko nafata. Caggal duuɓi keewɗi e ɓuuɓri, peeje garooje ɗee ko haɗde maayo Umfolozi naatde e maayo St Lucia. Maayo Umfolozi ngoo, ko kañum feewnaa e maayo to Maphelana. Batte ndeeɗoo kuulal ina njokki ; ɓuuɓol silt ummoraade e maayo ngoo ina heewi ɓuuɓde e henndu tiiɗndu fuɗnaange haa to fuɗnaange Sodwana Bay, 100 km. Waylooji ɗii ina kulɓina ƴiye koraay, ɗe ndokka liɗɗi hoɗorde, ina ndeena daande maayo. Yanti heen, ina haɗa njulaagu moƴƴu jokkondirngu e Kap Vidal, jeyaaɗo e nokku ɓuuɓɗo iSimangaliso, nokku gonɗo e taariindi winndere UNESCO. === Lidi === Liɗɗi daneeji (Labeobarbus natalensis) ko liɗɗi tawaaɗi e nder Siistem maayo Umfolozi kam e Umzimkulu, Umkomazi, Tugela e Mgeni. Ko ɗum leñol keewngol e nder diiwaan KwaZulu-Natal, ngol wuuri ko e nokkuuji ceertuɗi hakkunde ŋoral Drakensberg e ŋoral daande maayo.<ref>"Technical Report on the State of Yellowfishes in South Africa 2007" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2017-06-29. Retrieved 2012-03-29.</ref> == Fotooje weeyo == <gallery mode="packed" heights="165"> ISS014-E-10809 - View of South Africa, Umfolozi.jpg|The lower Umfolozi converging on St. Lucia town (top right) StLuciaWetland L7 07may01.jpg|The Mfolozi Rivers are seen converging on the [[iSimangaliso Wetland Park]] St Lucia Estuary ISS006-E-38182.jpg|The old and new courses near the mouth, with the [[Msunduzi River|Msunduzi]] converging from the left (i.e. south), enclosing a [[wetland]]. Also note the silt plume at sea. </gallery> == Tuugnorgal == q95bwhq4pvoqyzrp91496molijip3r8 0 42417 175734 2026-06-22T19:42:17Z Nnamadee 11577 Created page with "'''Baraas Vaal''' to Afrik worgo mahiraa ko e hitaande 1938, ina woni e 77 km to fuɗnaange Aeroport hakkunde leyɗeele OR Tambo, Johannesburg. Leydi ndi caggal mahol baraas oo ina waɗi fotde 320 kiloomeeteer kaaree (120 miil kaaree)[1], luggiɗde mum ko 47 meeter. Baraas Vaal woni ko e maayo Vaal, ngo jeyaa ko e maayooji ɓurɗi semmbe e nder Afrik worgo. Maayooji goɗɗi gonɗi e nder baraas oo ko maayo Wilge, maayo Molspruit e maayo Grootspruit.[2] Ina waɗi ko ina t..." 175734 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Baraas Vaal''' to Afrik worgo mahiraa ko e hitaande 1938, ina woni e 77 km to fuɗnaange Aeroport hakkunde leyɗeele OR Tambo, Johannesburg. Leydi ndi caggal mahol baraas oo ina waɗi fotde 320 kiloomeeteer kaaree (120 miil kaaree)[1], luggiɗde mum ko 47 meeter. Baraas Vaal woni ko e maayo Vaal, ngo jeyaa ko e maayooji ɓurɗi semmbe e nder Afrik worgo. Maayooji goɗɗi gonɗi e nder baraas oo ko maayo Wilge, maayo Molspruit e maayo Grootspruit.[2] Ina waɗi ko ina tolnoo e 800 kiloomeeteer (500 mi) e daande maayo, ko kañum woni baraas ɗiɗaɓo ɓurɗo mawnude e Afrik worgo to bannge njaajeendi, kadi ko nayaɓo to bannge njaajeendi. == Tariya == Pewnugol baraas Vaal fuɗɗii ko e dumunna ɓuuɓɗo e fuɗɗoode kitaale capanɗe tati, baraas oo timminii e hitaande 1938 e tooweeki mahdi ndii ko 54,2 meeteer (178 ft) dow fonndaasiyoŋ ɓurɗo lesɗude e mbaawka mum timmuɗo ko ina tolnoo e 994 000 000 meeteer kubik (3.51×1ft0). Baraas oo ko mbaydi teskinndi, ndi taƴre leydi woni e bannge ñaamo. Ko Rand Water e Departemaa Irigaasiyoŋ (anndiraa hannde Departemaa Geɗe Ndiyam) mahi ɗum ko e ballondiral. Caggal mum baraas oo ummiima e fuɗɗoode kitaale capanɗe joyi haa tooweeki mum tolnii e 60,3 meeteer (198 ft) ɗum ɓeydi mbaawka mum haa 2 188 000 000 meeteer kubik (7.73×1010 cu ft). Ummagol ɗiɗaɓol ngol waɗi ko e hitaande 1985 nde mahdi ndii ɓeydaa fotde 3,05 meeter (10,0 ft) haa 63,4 meeter (208 ft) dow fonndaasiyoŋ ɓurɗo lesɗude. Capanɗe baraas oo ko hannde 2 609 799 000 meeteer kuuɓtodinɗo (9,21642×1010 cu ft) e 663 000 000 meeteer kuuɓtodinɗo goɗɗo (2,34×1010 cu ft) walla 26% ina mbaawi moofteede e nder sahaa gooto. Sifaaaji ustude ilam baraas oo jarribaama no feewi e lewru feebariyee 1996 nde ilam ɓurɗam mawnude meeɗaa winndeede e nokku baraas Vaal oo. Naatgol ko ina tolnoo e 4 700 meeteer kuuɓtodinɗo e leƴƴannde (170 000 cu ft/s) fotnoo ko e nder baraas Vaal mo ina joginoo doole timmuɗe sabu toɓooli moƴƴi e ko rewrude e njuɓɓudi karallaagal gollotooɓe e Hidroloji to DWAF tan, ilam ɓurɗam heewde yaltinaaɗam e nder leƴƴannde kala, ina famɗi30 (81 000 meeteer kuu/s). Tolno ko ina tolnoo e 2 300 meeteer kuuɓtodinɗo e leƴƴannde (81 000 cu ft/s) ina waawi addande bonneede no feewi e dow ŋoral Vaal e ngonka e nder ilam 1996 ina tiiɗi no feewi nde tawnoo desorɗe e nder weeyo ngo ina tolnoo e 118,5% e Cap91 February91 woni ko 194 000 000 meeteer kuuɓtodinɗo (6,9×109 cu ft) tan heddii ko adii nde naatgol timmungol ngol yaltata ina addana ɗum bonnude no feewi. Eɓɓoore ndiyam Lesotho Highlands ina ñammina ndiyam e nder system o e dow doole guubiliiji ina wallita e dokkal ndiyam ɗam yimɓe e nokkuuji gollorɗi Gauteng. Ndiyam ɗam ummortoo ko leydi Lesoto, naata e maayo Liebenbergsvlei e Wilge. Baraas Sterkfontein ina jeyaa e peeje vursugol ndiyam Tugela-Vaal ngam vursugol ndiyam hakkunde-leyzeele ummoraade e maayo Thukela to KwaZulu-Natal ngam waztude tolnooji e nder Siistem maayo Vaal. Ndiyam ummortooɗam e baraas Sterkfontein ina yaltinee so baraas Vaal yanii haa les 16%. Baraas oo ina jogii duunde mum fotde 5 km (3 mi) njuuteendi. Duunde ndee huutortenoo ko no nokku pottital sirlu e laamu apartaayd kono jooni ko ɗoon woni ɗo kawgel ngel waɗata hitaande kala e nder laanaaji diwooje Round the Island, tiitoonde deftere Guinness winndereere, tiitoonde kawgel laanaaji diwooje ɓurngel mawnude e nder leydi.[3] Ñalnde 4 lewru Mbooy hitaande 1948 BOAC yaltini laanaaji diwooje Short Solent e dow leydi Angalteer (Southampton) feewde Afrik worgo (Vaaldam).[4] Wuro tokooso Deneysville huutortenoo ko nokku ɗo laanaaji diwooje ɓooyɗi BOAC njooɗii. == Pijirlooji ndiyam == q4ozlnjb563p9wv0889yo89vuevtz43 175735 175734 2026-06-22T19:44:38Z Nnamadee 11577 175735 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Baraas Vaal''' to Afrik worgo mahiraa ko e hitaande 1938, ina woni e 77 km to fuɗnaange Aeroport hakkunde leyɗeele OR Tambo, Johannesburg. Leydi ndi caggal mahol baraas oo ina waɗi fotde 320 kiloomeeteer kaaree (120 miil kaaree)[1], luggiɗde mum ko 47 meeter. Baraas Vaal woni ko e maayo Vaal, ngo jeyaa ko e maayooji ɓurɗi semmbe e nder Afrik worgo. Maayooji goɗɗi gonɗi e nder baraas oo ko maayo Wilge, maayo Molspruit e maayo Grootspruit.[2] Ina waɗi ko ina tolnoo e 800 kiloomeeteer (500 mi) e daande maayo, ko kañum woni baraas ɗiɗaɓo ɓurɗo mawnude e Afrik worgo to bannge njaajeendi, kadi ko nayaɓo to bannge njaajeendi. == Tariya == Pewnugol baraas Vaal fuɗɗii ko e dumunna ɓuuɓɗo e fuɗɗoode kitaale capanɗe tati, baraas oo timminii e hitaande 1938 e tooweeki mahdi ndii ko 54,2 meeteer (178 ft) dow fonndaasiyoŋ ɓurɗo lesɗude e mbaawka mum timmuɗo ko ina tolnoo e 994 000 000 meeteer kubik (3.51×1ft0). Baraas oo ko mbaydi teskinndi, ndi taƴre leydi woni e bannge ñaamo. Ko Rand Water e Departemaa Irigaasiyoŋ (anndiraa hannde Departemaa Geɗe Ndiyam) mahi ɗum ko e ballondiral. Caggal mum baraas oo ummiima e fuɗɗoode kitaale capanɗe joyi haa tooweeki mum tolnii e 60,3 meeteer (198 ft) ɗum ɓeydi mbaawka mum haa 2 188 000 000 meeteer kubik (7.73×1010 cu ft). Ummagol ɗiɗaɓol ngol waɗi ko e hitaande 1985 nde mahdi ndii ɓeydaa fotde 3,05 meeter (10,0 ft) haa 63,4 meeter (208 ft) dow fonndaasiyoŋ ɓurɗo lesɗude. Capanɗe baraas oo ko hannde 2 609 799 000 meeteer kuuɓtodinɗo (9,21642×1010 cu ft) e 663 000 000 meeteer kuuɓtodinɗo goɗɗo (2,34×1010 cu ft) walla 26% ina mbaawi moofteede e nder sahaa gooto. Sifaaaji ustude ilam baraas oo jarribaama no feewi e lewru feebariyee 1996 nde ilam ɓurɗam mawnude meeɗaa winndeede e nokku baraas Vaal oo. Naatgol ko ina tolnoo e 4 700 meeteer kuuɓtodinɗo e leƴƴannde (170 000 cu ft/s) fotnoo ko e nder baraas Vaal mo ina joginoo doole timmuɗe sabu toɓooli moƴƴi e ko rewrude e njuɓɓudi karallaagal gollotooɓe e Hidroloji to DWAF tan, ilam ɓurɗam heewde yaltinaaɗam e nder leƴƴannde kala, ina famɗi30 (81 000 meeteer kuu/s). Tolno ko ina tolnoo e 2 300 meeteer kuuɓtodinɗo e leƴƴannde (81 000 cu ft/s) ina waawi addande bonneede no feewi e dow ŋoral Vaal e ngonka e nder ilam 1996 ina tiiɗi no feewi nde tawnoo desorɗe e nder weeyo ngo ina tolnoo e 118,5% e Cap91 February91 woni ko 194 000 000 meeteer kuuɓtodinɗo (6,9×109 cu ft) tan heddii ko adii nde naatgol timmungol ngol yaltata ina addana ɗum bonnude no feewi. Eɓɓoore ndiyam Lesotho Highlands ina ñammina ndiyam e nder system o e dow doole guubiliiji ina wallita e dokkal ndiyam ɗam yimɓe e nokkuuji gollorɗi Gauteng. Ndiyam ɗam ummortoo ko leydi Lesoto, naata e maayo Liebenbergsvlei e Wilge. Baraas Sterkfontein ina jeyaa e peeje vursugol ndiyam Tugela-Vaal ngam vursugol ndiyam hakkunde-leyzeele ummoraade e maayo Thukela to KwaZulu-Natal ngam waztude tolnooji e nder Siistem maayo Vaal. Ndiyam ummortooɗam e baraas Sterkfontein ina yaltinee so baraas Vaal yanii haa les 16%. Baraas oo ina jogii duunde mum fotde 5 km (3 mi) njuuteendi. Duunde ndee huutortenoo ko no nokku pottital sirlu e laamu apartaayd kono jooni ko ɗoon woni ɗo kawgel ngel waɗata hitaande kala e nder laanaaji diwooje Round the Island, tiitoonde deftere Guinness winndereere, tiitoonde kawgel laanaaji diwooje ɓurngel mawnude e nder leydi.[3] Ñalnde 4 lewru Mbooy hitaande 1948 BOAC yaltini laanaaji diwooje Short Solent e dow leydi Angalteer (Southampton) feewde Afrik worgo (Vaaldam).[4] Wuro tokooso Deneysville huutortenoo ko nokku ɗo laanaaji diwooje ɓooyɗi BOAC njooɗii. == Pijirlooji ndiyam == Baraas Vaal ko nokku njulaagu karte e liɗɗi ndiyam laaɓɗam. Daande maggal ina heewi jom en liɗɗi e nder hitaande ndee kala. Kewuuji keewɗi e nder dingiral ndiyam ina mbaɗee ɗoo ina heen hitaande kala "Round The Island" kawgel ngel Lake Deneys Yacht Club yuɓɓinta—[5] kawgel ngel wonnoo ko e deftere Guinness ngam wonde "Ɓuri heewde e laanaaji diwooje e nder kawgel ngel e nder winndere nde", ɗo 389 laana ndiwoowa taƴi laawol timmungol ngol Records ngam laanaaji ɓurɗi heewde e kawgel yacht nder leydi. Kewuuji mawɗi keewɗi ina mbaɗa ɗoo ina heen yontere Keelboat e dogdu jetski 200 km to Bayshore, jooni noon ko dogdu ngalu to baraas Bayshore Marina Vaal. Laana ndiwoowa Lake Deneys e Pennant Nine Yacht Club ndenndini yuɓɓinde laana ndiwoowa tawtoraama "Bart's Bash" hakkunde leyɗeele gadano e hitaande 2014 e ɗiɗmere 2015. Diiwanuuji tati ina mbaɗi daande maayo Dam - Free State ɓuri juutde e daande maayo, Mpumalanga ina jogii daande maayo belngo ngo alaa ko bonnata, tawi ɓurngo bonde e woɗɗude ko Gauteng. Baraas oo fuɗɗii ko e hitaande 1939, ina jogii mbaawka 2,536 kiloomeeteer kuuɓtodinɗo (2 056 000 acre⋅ft),[1] e njaajeendi 320 kiloomeeteer kaaree (120 miil kaaree),[1] koɗorɗe baraas oo ina njogii 63 meeteer toowɗo (207 ft). Sabu mawnugol weendu nduu ina waɗi caɗeele e ɓuuɓgol, ƴeew Sterkfontein Dam ngam ɓeydaade humpitaade. Deneysville woni wuro ɓurngo mawnude e dow baraas Vaal, ina rokka nokku coggu baraas oo. Ina waɗi 3 clubs yacht e marinaaji ɗiɗi. == Lesdi == Liɗɗi ɓurɗi heewde e damal Vaal ko barbel, karp common, karp mirror, karp huɗo, liɗɗi daneeji tokoosi, liɗɗi daneeji mawɗi e liɗɗi loope.[6] Geese Ejipt e lapwing njamndi ko colli keewɗi e daande maayo, kadi ko ƴiye Kaspi ina keewi. Flamingo mawɗo oo ko colli ɓuuɓɗi, flamingo tokooso ina tawee e limoore leslesre, kadi ƴiye udditiiɗe ɓutte ina njiyee. Liɗɗi seeɗa ina ngoodi, osprey ina famɗi.[7] == Tuugnorgal == npo13qwdlzcmji1bbnr4hgtnh07ldbq 175736 175735 2026-06-22T19:46:00Z Nnamadee 11577 175736 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Baraas Vaal''' to Afrik worgo mahiraa ko e hitaande 1938, ina woni e 77 km to fuɗnaange Aeroport hakkunde leyɗeele OR Tambo, Johannesburg. Leydi ndi caggal mahol baraas oo ina waɗi fotde 320 kiloomeeteer kaaree (120 miil kaaree)<ref>"VAAL DAM". Department of Water Affairs. Archived from the original on 26 June 2019. Retrieved 19 December 2009.</ref>, luggiɗde mum ko 47 meeter. Baraas Vaal woni ko e maayo Vaal, ngo jeyaa ko e maayooji ɓurɗi semmbe e nder Afrik worgo. Maayooji goɗɗi gonɗi e nder baraas oo ko maayo Wilge, maayo Molspruit e maayo Grootspruit.[2] Ina waɗi ko ina tolnoo e 800 kiloomeeteer (500 mi) e daande maayo, ko kañum woni baraas ɗiɗaɓo ɓurɗo mawnude e Afrik worgo to bannge njaajeendi, kadi ko nayaɓo to bannge njaajeendi. == Tariya == Pewnugol baraas Vaal fuɗɗii ko e dumunna ɓuuɓɗo e fuɗɗoode kitaale capanɗe tati, baraas oo timminii e hitaande 1938 e tooweeki mahdi ndii ko 54,2 meeteer (178 ft) dow fonndaasiyoŋ ɓurɗo lesɗude e mbaawka mum timmuɗo ko ina tolnoo e 994 000 000 meeteer kubik (3.51×1ft0). Baraas oo ko mbaydi teskinndi, ndi taƴre leydi woni e bannge ñaamo. Ko Rand Water e Departemaa Irigaasiyoŋ (anndiraa hannde Departemaa Geɗe Ndiyam) mahi ɗum ko e ballondiral. Caggal mum baraas oo ummiima e fuɗɗoode kitaale capanɗe joyi haa tooweeki mum tolnii e 60,3 meeteer (198 ft) ɗum ɓeydi mbaawka mum haa 2 188 000 000 meeteer kubik (7.73×1010 cu ft). Ummagol ɗiɗaɓol ngol waɗi ko e hitaande 1985 nde mahdi ndii ɓeydaa fotde 3,05 meeter (10,0 ft) haa 63,4 meeter (208 ft) dow fonndaasiyoŋ ɓurɗo lesɗude. Capanɗe baraas oo ko hannde 2 609 799 000 meeteer kuuɓtodinɗo (9,21642×1010 cu ft) e 663 000 000 meeteer kuuɓtodinɗo goɗɗo (2,34×1010 cu ft) walla 26% ina mbaawi moofteede e nder sahaa gooto. Sifaaaji ustude ilam baraas oo jarribaama no feewi e lewru feebariyee 1996 nde ilam ɓurɗam mawnude meeɗaa winndeede e nokku baraas Vaal oo. Naatgol ko ina tolnoo e 4 700 meeteer kuuɓtodinɗo e leƴƴannde (170 000 cu ft/s) fotnoo ko e nder baraas Vaal mo ina joginoo doole timmuɗe sabu toɓooli moƴƴi e ko rewrude e njuɓɓudi karallaagal gollotooɓe e Hidroloji to DWAF tan, ilam ɓurɗam heewde yaltinaaɗam e nder leƴƴannde kala, ina famɗi30 (81 000 meeteer kuu/s). Tolno ko ina tolnoo e 2 300 meeteer kuuɓtodinɗo e leƴƴannde (81 000 cu ft/s) ina waawi addande bonneede no feewi e dow ŋoral Vaal e ngonka e nder ilam 1996 ina tiiɗi no feewi nde tawnoo desorɗe e nder weeyo ngo ina tolnoo e 118,5% e Cap91 February91 woni ko 194 000 000 meeteer kuuɓtodinɗo (6,9×109 cu ft) tan heddii ko adii nde naatgol timmungol ngol yaltata ina addana ɗum bonnude no feewi. Eɓɓoore ndiyam Lesotho Highlands ina ñammina ndiyam e nder system o e dow doole guubiliiji ina wallita e dokkal ndiyam ɗam yimɓe e nokkuuji gollorɗi Gauteng. Ndiyam ɗam ummortoo ko leydi Lesoto, naata e maayo Liebenbergsvlei e Wilge. Baraas Sterkfontein ina jeyaa e peeje vursugol ndiyam Tugela-Vaal ngam vursugol ndiyam hakkunde-leyzeele ummoraade e maayo Thukela to KwaZulu-Natal ngam waztude tolnooji e nder Siistem maayo Vaal. Ndiyam ummortooɗam e baraas Sterkfontein ina yaltinee so baraas Vaal yanii haa les 16%. Baraas oo ina jogii duunde mum fotde 5 km (3 mi) njuuteendi. Duunde ndee huutortenoo ko no nokku pottital sirlu e laamu apartaayd kono jooni ko ɗoon woni ɗo kawgel ngel waɗata hitaande kala e nder laanaaji diwooje Round the Island, tiitoonde deftere Guinness winndereere, tiitoonde kawgel laanaaji diwooje ɓurngel mawnude e nder leydi.[3] Ñalnde 4 lewru Mbooy hitaande 1948 BOAC yaltini laanaaji diwooje Short Solent e dow leydi Angalteer (Southampton) feewde Afrik worgo (Vaaldam).[4] Wuro tokooso Deneysville huutortenoo ko nokku ɗo laanaaji diwooje ɓooyɗi BOAC njooɗii. == Pijirlooji ndiyam == Baraas Vaal ko nokku njulaagu karte e liɗɗi ndiyam laaɓɗam. Daande maggal ina heewi jom en liɗɗi e nder hitaande ndee kala. Kewuuji keewɗi e nder dingiral ndiyam ina mbaɗee ɗoo ina heen hitaande kala "Round The Island" kawgel ngel Lake Deneys Yacht Club yuɓɓinta—[5] kawgel ngel wonnoo ko e deftere Guinness ngam wonde "Ɓuri heewde e laanaaji diwooje e nder kawgel ngel e nder winndere nde", ɗo 389 laana ndiwoowa taƴi laawol timmungol ngol Records ngam laanaaji ɓurɗi heewde e kawgel yacht nder leydi. Kewuuji mawɗi keewɗi ina mbaɗa ɗoo ina heen yontere Keelboat e dogdu jetski 200 km to Bayshore, jooni noon ko dogdu ngalu to baraas Bayshore Marina Vaal. Laana ndiwoowa Lake Deneys e Pennant Nine Yacht Club ndenndini yuɓɓinde laana ndiwoowa tawtoraama "Bart's Bash" hakkunde leyɗeele gadano e hitaande 2014 e ɗiɗmere 2015. Diiwanuuji tati ina mbaɗi daande maayo Dam - Free State ɓuri juutde e daande maayo, Mpumalanga ina jogii daande maayo belngo ngo alaa ko bonnata, tawi ɓurngo bonde e woɗɗude ko Gauteng. Baraas oo fuɗɗii ko e hitaande 1939, ina jogii mbaawka 2,536 kiloomeeteer kuuɓtodinɗo (2 056 000 acre⋅ft),[1] e njaajeendi 320 kiloomeeteer kaaree (120 miil kaaree),[1] koɗorɗe baraas oo ina njogii 63 meeteer toowɗo (207 ft). Sabu mawnugol weendu nduu ina waɗi caɗeele e ɓuuɓgol, ƴeew Sterkfontein Dam ngam ɓeydaade humpitaade. Deneysville woni wuro ɓurngo mawnude e dow baraas Vaal, ina rokka nokku coggu baraas oo. Ina waɗi 3 clubs yacht e marinaaji ɗiɗi. == Lesdi == Liɗɗi ɓurɗi heewde e damal Vaal ko barbel, karp common, karp mirror, karp huɗo, liɗɗi daneeji tokoosi, liɗɗi daneeji mawɗi e liɗɗi loope.[6] Geese Ejipt e lapwing njamndi ko colli keewɗi e daande maayo, kadi ko ƴiye Kaspi ina keewi. Flamingo mawɗo oo ko colli ɓuuɓɗi, flamingo tokooso ina tawee e limoore leslesre, kadi ƴiye udditiiɗe ɓutte ina njiyee. Liɗɗi seeɗa ina ngoodi, osprey ina famɗi.[7] == Tuugnorgal == 6xawfck9pk2u5nf6hdapt0q56hc3yes 175737 175736 2026-06-22T19:46:18Z Nnamadee 11577 175737 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Baraas Vaal''' to Afrik worgo mahiraa ko e hitaande 1938, ina woni e 77 km to fuɗnaange Aeroport hakkunde leyɗeele OR Tambo, Johannesburg. Leydi ndi caggal mahol baraas oo ina waɗi fotde 320 kiloomeeteer kaaree (120 miil kaaree)<ref>"VAAL DAM". Department of Water Affairs. Archived from the original on 26 June 2019. Retrieved 19 December 2009.</ref>, luggiɗde mum ko 47 meeter. Baraas Vaal woni ko e maayo Vaal, ngo jeyaa ko e maayooji ɓurɗi semmbe e nder Afrik worgo. Maayooji goɗɗi gonɗi e nder baraas oo ko maayo Wilge, maayo Molspruit e maayo Grootspruit.[2] Ina waɗi ko ina tolnoo e 800 kiloomeeteer (500 mi) e daande maayo, ko kañum woni baraas ɗiɗaɓo ɓurɗo mawnude e Afrik worgo to bannge njaajeendi, kadi ko nayaɓo to bannge njaajeendi. == Tariya == Pewnugol baraas Vaal fuɗɗii ko e dumunna ɓuuɓɗo e fuɗɗoode kitaale capanɗe tati, baraas oo timminii e hitaande 1938 e tooweeki mahdi ndii ko 54,2 meeteer (178 ft) dow fonndaasiyoŋ ɓurɗo lesɗude e mbaawka mum timmuɗo ko ina tolnoo e 994 000 000 meeteer kubik (3.51×1ft0). Baraas oo ko mbaydi teskinndi, ndi taƴre leydi woni e bannge ñaamo. Ko Rand Water e Departemaa Irigaasiyoŋ (anndiraa hannde Departemaa Geɗe Ndiyam) mahi ɗum ko e ballondiral. Caggal mum baraas oo ummiima e fuɗɗoode kitaale capanɗe joyi haa tooweeki mum tolnii e 60,3 meeteer (198 ft) ɗum ɓeydi mbaawka mum haa 2 188 000 000 meeteer kubik (7.73×1010 cu ft). Ummagol ɗiɗaɓol ngol waɗi ko e hitaande 1985 nde mahdi ndii ɓeydaa fotde 3,05 meeter (10,0 ft) haa 63,4 meeter (208 ft) dow fonndaasiyoŋ ɓurɗo lesɗude. Capanɗe baraas oo ko hannde 2 609 799 000 meeteer kuuɓtodinɗo (9,21642×1010 cu ft) e 663 000 000 meeteer kuuɓtodinɗo goɗɗo (2,34×1010 cu ft) walla 26% ina mbaawi moofteede e nder sahaa gooto. Sifaaaji ustude ilam baraas oo jarribaama no feewi e lewru feebariyee 1996 nde ilam ɓurɗam mawnude meeɗaa winndeede e nokku baraas Vaal oo. Naatgol ko ina tolnoo e 4 700 meeteer kuuɓtodinɗo e leƴƴannde (170 000 cu ft/s) fotnoo ko e nder baraas Vaal mo ina joginoo doole timmuɗe sabu toɓooli moƴƴi e ko rewrude e njuɓɓudi karallaagal gollotooɓe e Hidroloji to DWAF tan, ilam ɓurɗam heewde yaltinaaɗam e nder leƴƴannde kala, ina famɗi30 (81 000 meeteer kuu/s). Tolno ko ina tolnoo e 2 300 meeteer kuuɓtodinɗo e leƴƴannde (81 000 cu ft/s) ina waawi addande bonneede no feewi e dow ŋoral Vaal e ngonka e nder ilam 1996 ina tiiɗi no feewi nde tawnoo desorɗe e nder weeyo ngo ina tolnoo e 118,5% e Cap91 February91 woni ko 194 000 000 meeteer kuuɓtodinɗo (6,9×109 cu ft) tan heddii ko adii nde naatgol timmungol ngol yaltata ina addana ɗum bonnude no feewi. Eɓɓoore ndiyam Lesotho Highlands ina ñammina ndiyam e nder system o e dow doole guubiliiji ina wallita e dokkal ndiyam ɗam yimɓe e nokkuuji gollorɗi Gauteng. Ndiyam ɗam ummortoo ko leydi Lesoto, naata e maayo Liebenbergsvlei e Wilge. Baraas Sterkfontein ina jeyaa e peeje vursugol ndiyam Tugela-Vaal ngam vursugol ndiyam hakkunde-leyzeele ummoraade e maayo Thukela to KwaZulu-Natal ngam waztude tolnooji e nder Siistem maayo Vaal. Ndiyam ummortooɗam e baraas Sterkfontein ina yaltinee so baraas Vaal yanii haa les 16%. Baraas oo ina jogii duunde mum fotde 5 km (3 mi) njuuteendi. Duunde ndee huutortenoo ko no nokku pottital sirlu e laamu apartaayd kono jooni ko ɗoon woni ɗo kawgel ngel waɗata hitaande kala e nder laanaaji diwooje Round the Island, tiitoonde deftere Guinness winndereere, tiitoonde kawgel laanaaji diwooje ɓurngel mawnude e nder leydi.[3] Ñalnde 4 lewru Mbooy hitaande 1948 BOAC yaltini laanaaji diwooje Short Solent e dow leydi Angalteer (Southampton) feewde Afrik worgo (Vaaldam).[4] Wuro tokooso Deneysville huutortenoo ko nokku ɗo laanaaji diwooje ɓooyɗi BOAC njooɗii. == Pijirlooji ndiyam == Baraas Vaal ko nokku njulaagu karte e liɗɗi ndiyam laaɓɗam. Daande maggal ina heewi jom en liɗɗi e nder hitaande ndee kala. Kewuuji keewɗi e nder dingiral ndiyam ina mbaɗee ɗoo ina heen hitaande kala "Round The Island" kawgel ngel Lake Deneys Yacht Club yuɓɓinta—[5] kawgel ngel wonnoo ko e deftere Guinness ngam wonde "Ɓuri heewde e laanaaji diwooje e nder kawgel ngel e nder winndere nde", ɗo 389 laana ndiwoowa taƴi laawol timmungol ngol Records ngam laanaaji ɓurɗi heewde e kawgel yacht nder leydi. Kewuuji mawɗi keewɗi ina mbaɗa ɗoo ina heen yontere Keelboat e dogdu jetski 200 km to Bayshore, jooni noon ko dogdu ngalu to baraas Bayshore Marina Vaal. Laana ndiwoowa Lake Deneys e Pennant Nine Yacht Club ndenndini yuɓɓinde laana ndiwoowa tawtoraama "Bart's Bash" hakkunde leyɗeele gadano e hitaande 2014 e ɗiɗmere 2015. Diiwanuuji tati ina mbaɗi daande maayo Dam - Free State ɓuri juutde e daande maayo, Mpumalanga ina jogii daande maayo belngo ngo alaa ko bonnata, tawi ɓurngo bonde e woɗɗude ko Gauteng. Baraas oo fuɗɗii ko e hitaande 1939, ina jogii mbaawka 2,536 kiloomeeteer kuuɓtodinɗo (2 056 000 acre⋅ft),[1] e njaajeendi 320 kiloomeeteer kaaree (120 miil kaaree),[1] koɗorɗe baraas oo ina njogii 63 meeteer toowɗo (207 ft). Sabu mawnugol weendu nduu ina waɗi caɗeele e ɓuuɓgol, ƴeew Sterkfontein Dam ngam ɓeydaade humpitaade. Deneysville woni wuro ɓurngo mawnude e dow baraas Vaal, ina rokka nokku coggu baraas oo. Ina waɗi 3 clubs yacht e marinaaji ɗiɗi. == Lesdi == Liɗɗi ɓurɗi heewde e damal Vaal ko barbel, karp common, karp mirror, karp huɗo, liɗɗi daneeji tokoosi, liɗɗi daneeji mawɗi e liɗɗi loope.[6] Geese Ejipt e lapwing njamndi ko colli keewɗi e daande maayo, kadi ko ƴiye Kaspi ina keewi. Flamingo mawɗo oo ko colli ɓuuɓɗi, flamingo tokooso ina tawee e limoore leslesre, kadi ƴiye udditiiɗe ɓutte ina njiyee. Liɗɗi seeɗa ina ngoodi, osprey ina famɗi.[7] == Tuugnorgal == iom79yuoqjkjhwuqh7hb84xu5t3du8r 175739 175737 2026-06-22T19:47:23Z Nnamadee 11577 175739 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Baraas Vaal''' to Afrik worgo mahiraa ko e hitaande 1938, ina woni e 77 km to fuɗnaange Aeroport hakkunde leyɗeele OR Tambo, Johannesburg. Leydi ndi caggal mahol baraas oo ina waɗi fotde 320 kiloomeeteer kaaree (120 miil kaaree)<ref>"VAAL DAM". Department of Water Affairs. Archived from the original on 26 June 2019. Retrieved 19 December 2009.</ref>, luggiɗde mum ko 47 meeter. Baraas Vaal woni ko e maayo Vaal, ngo jeyaa ko e maayooji ɓurɗi semmbe e nder Afrik worgo. Maayooji goɗɗi gonɗi e nder baraas oo ko maayo Wilge, maayo Molspruit e maayo Grootspruit.<ref>Vaal (reservoir) Archived 22 June 2004 at the Wayback Machine</ref> Ina waɗi ko ina tolnoo e 800 kiloomeeteer (500 mi) e daande maayo, ko kañum woni baraas ɗiɗaɓo ɓurɗo mawnude e Afrik worgo to bannge njaajeendi, kadi ko nayaɓo to bannge njaajeendi. == Tariya == Pewnugol baraas Vaal fuɗɗii ko e dumunna ɓuuɓɗo e fuɗɗoode kitaale capanɗe tati, baraas oo timminii e hitaande 1938 e tooweeki mahdi ndii ko 54,2 meeteer (178 ft) dow fonndaasiyoŋ ɓurɗo lesɗude e mbaawka mum timmuɗo ko ina tolnoo e 994 000 000 meeteer kubik (3.51×1ft0). Baraas oo ko mbaydi teskinndi, ndi taƴre leydi woni e bannge ñaamo. Ko Rand Water e Departemaa Irigaasiyoŋ (anndiraa hannde Departemaa Geɗe Ndiyam) mahi ɗum ko e ballondiral. Caggal mum baraas oo ummiima e fuɗɗoode kitaale capanɗe joyi haa tooweeki mum tolnii e 60,3 meeteer (198 ft) ɗum ɓeydi mbaawka mum haa 2 188 000 000 meeteer kubik (7.73×1010 cu ft). Ummagol ɗiɗaɓol ngol waɗi ko e hitaande 1985 nde mahdi ndii ɓeydaa fotde 3,05 meeter (10,0 ft) haa 63,4 meeter (208 ft) dow fonndaasiyoŋ ɓurɗo lesɗude. Capanɗe baraas oo ko hannde 2 609 799 000 meeteer kuuɓtodinɗo (9,21642×1010 cu ft) e 663 000 000 meeteer kuuɓtodinɗo goɗɗo (2,34×1010 cu ft) walla 26% ina mbaawi moofteede e nder sahaa gooto. Sifaaaji ustude ilam baraas oo jarribaama no feewi e lewru feebariyee 1996 nde ilam ɓurɗam mawnude meeɗaa winndeede e nokku baraas Vaal oo. Naatgol ko ina tolnoo e 4 700 meeteer kuuɓtodinɗo e leƴƴannde (170 000 cu ft/s) fotnoo ko e nder baraas Vaal mo ina joginoo doole timmuɗe sabu toɓooli moƴƴi e ko rewrude e njuɓɓudi karallaagal gollotooɓe e Hidroloji to DWAF tan, ilam ɓurɗam heewde yaltinaaɗam e nder leƴƴannde kala, ina famɗi30 (81 000 meeteer kuu/s). Tolno ko ina tolnoo e 2 300 meeteer kuuɓtodinɗo e leƴƴannde (81 000 cu ft/s) ina waawi addande bonneede no feewi e dow ŋoral Vaal e ngonka e nder ilam 1996 ina tiiɗi no feewi nde tawnoo desorɗe e nder weeyo ngo ina tolnoo e 118,5% e Cap91 February91 woni ko 194 000 000 meeteer kuuɓtodinɗo (6,9×109 cu ft) tan heddii ko adii nde naatgol timmungol ngol yaltata ina addana ɗum bonnude no feewi. Eɓɓoore ndiyam Lesotho Highlands ina ñammina ndiyam e nder system o e dow doole guubiliiji ina wallita e dokkal ndiyam ɗam yimɓe e nokkuuji gollorɗi Gauteng. Ndiyam ɗam ummortoo ko leydi Lesoto, naata e maayo Liebenbergsvlei e Wilge. Baraas Sterkfontein ina jeyaa e peeje vursugol ndiyam Tugela-Vaal ngam vursugol ndiyam hakkunde-leyzeele ummoraade e maayo Thukela to KwaZulu-Natal ngam waztude tolnooji e nder Siistem maayo Vaal. Ndiyam ummortooɗam e baraas Sterkfontein ina yaltinee so baraas Vaal yanii haa les 16%. Baraas oo ina jogii duunde mum fotde 5 km (3 mi) njuuteendi. Duunde ndee huutortenoo ko no nokku pottital sirlu e laamu apartaayd kono jooni ko ɗoon woni ɗo kawgel ngel waɗata hitaande kala e nder laanaaji diwooje Round the Island, tiitoonde deftere Guinness winndereere, tiitoonde kawgel laanaaji diwooje ɓurngel mawnude e nder leydi.[3] Ñalnde 4 lewru Mbooy hitaande 1948 BOAC yaltini laanaaji diwooje Short Solent e dow leydi Angalteer (Southampton) feewde Afrik worgo (Vaaldam).[4] Wuro tokooso Deneysville huutortenoo ko nokku ɗo laanaaji diwooje ɓooyɗi BOAC njooɗii. == Pijirlooji ndiyam == Baraas Vaal ko nokku njulaagu karte e liɗɗi ndiyam laaɓɗam. Daande maggal ina heewi jom en liɗɗi e nder hitaande ndee kala. Kewuuji keewɗi e nder dingiral ndiyam ina mbaɗee ɗoo ina heen hitaande kala "Round The Island" kawgel ngel Lake Deneys Yacht Club yuɓɓinta—[5] kawgel ngel wonnoo ko e deftere Guinness ngam wonde "Ɓuri heewde e laanaaji diwooje e nder kawgel ngel e nder winndere nde", ɗo 389 laana ndiwoowa taƴi laawol timmungol ngol Records ngam laanaaji ɓurɗi heewde e kawgel yacht nder leydi. Kewuuji mawɗi keewɗi ina mbaɗa ɗoo ina heen yontere Keelboat e dogdu jetski 200 km to Bayshore, jooni noon ko dogdu ngalu to baraas Bayshore Marina Vaal. Laana ndiwoowa Lake Deneys e Pennant Nine Yacht Club ndenndini yuɓɓinde laana ndiwoowa tawtoraama "Bart's Bash" hakkunde leyɗeele gadano e hitaande 2014 e ɗiɗmere 2015. Diiwanuuji tati ina mbaɗi daande maayo Dam - Free State ɓuri juutde e daande maayo, Mpumalanga ina jogii daande maayo belngo ngo alaa ko bonnata, tawi ɓurngo bonde e woɗɗude ko Gauteng. Baraas oo fuɗɗii ko e hitaande 1939, ina jogii mbaawka 2,536 kiloomeeteer kuuɓtodinɗo (2 056 000 acre⋅ft),[1] e njaajeendi 320 kiloomeeteer kaaree (120 miil kaaree),[1] koɗorɗe baraas oo ina njogii 63 meeteer toowɗo (207 ft). Sabu mawnugol weendu nduu ina waɗi caɗeele e ɓuuɓgol, ƴeew Sterkfontein Dam ngam ɓeydaade humpitaade. Deneysville woni wuro ɓurngo mawnude e dow baraas Vaal, ina rokka nokku coggu baraas oo. Ina waɗi 3 clubs yacht e marinaaji ɗiɗi. == Lesdi == Liɗɗi ɓurɗi heewde e damal Vaal ko barbel, karp common, karp mirror, karp huɗo, liɗɗi daneeji tokoosi, liɗɗi daneeji mawɗi e liɗɗi loope.[6] Geese Ejipt e lapwing njamndi ko colli keewɗi e daande maayo, kadi ko ƴiye Kaspi ina keewi. Flamingo mawɗo oo ko colli ɓuuɓɗi, flamingo tokooso ina tawee e limoore leslesre, kadi ƴiye udditiiɗe ɓutte ina njiyee. Liɗɗi seeɗa ina ngoodi, osprey ina famɗi.[7] == Tuugnorgal == cuk637zyo1cpwzshss4r3vtvfmqs6a2 175740 175739 2026-06-22T19:48:02Z Nnamadee 11577 175740 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Baraas Vaal''' to Afrik worgo mahiraa ko e hitaande 1938, ina woni e 77 km to fuɗnaange Aeroport hakkunde leyɗeele OR Tambo, Johannesburg. Leydi ndi caggal mahol baraas oo ina waɗi fotde 320 kiloomeeteer kaaree (120 miil kaaree)<ref>"VAAL DAM". Department of Water Affairs. Archived from the original on 26 June 2019. Retrieved 19 December 2009.</ref>, luggiɗde mum ko 47 meeter. Baraas Vaal woni ko e maayo Vaal, ngo jeyaa ko e maayooji ɓurɗi semmbe e nder Afrik worgo. Maayooji goɗɗi gonɗi e nder baraas oo ko maayo Wilge, maayo Molspruit e maayo Grootspruit.<ref>Vaal (reservoir) Archived 22 June 2004 at the Wayback Machine</ref> Ina waɗi ko ina tolnoo e 800 kiloomeeteer (500 mi) e daande maayo, ko kañum woni baraas ɗiɗaɓo ɓurɗo mawnude e Afrik worgo to bannge njaajeendi, kadi ko nayaɓo to bannge njaajeendi. == Tariya == Pewnugol baraas Vaal fuɗɗii ko e dumunna ɓuuɓɗo e fuɗɗoode kitaale capanɗe tati, baraas oo timminii e hitaande 1938 e tooweeki mahdi ndii ko 54,2 meeteer (178 ft) dow fonndaasiyoŋ ɓurɗo lesɗude e mbaawka mum timmuɗo ko ina tolnoo e 994 000 000 meeteer kubik (3.51×1ft0). Baraas oo ko mbaydi teskinndi, ndi taƴre leydi woni e bannge ñaamo. Ko Rand Water e Departemaa Irigaasiyoŋ (anndiraa hannde Departemaa Geɗe Ndiyam) mahi ɗum ko e ballondiral. Caggal mum baraas oo ummiima e fuɗɗoode kitaale capanɗe joyi haa tooweeki mum tolnii e 60,3 meeteer (198 ft) ɗum ɓeydi mbaawka mum haa 2 188 000 000 meeteer kubik (7.73×1010 cu ft). Ummagol ɗiɗaɓol ngol waɗi ko e hitaande 1985 nde mahdi ndii ɓeydaa fotde 3,05 meeter (10,0 ft) haa 63,4 meeter (208 ft) dow fonndaasiyoŋ ɓurɗo lesɗude. Capanɗe baraas oo ko hannde 2 609 799 000 meeteer kuuɓtodinɗo (9,21642×1010 cu ft) e 663 000 000 meeteer kuuɓtodinɗo goɗɗo (2,34×1010 cu ft) walla 26% ina mbaawi moofteede e nder sahaa gooto. Sifaaaji ustude ilam baraas oo jarribaama no feewi e lewru feebariyee 1996 nde ilam ɓurɗam mawnude meeɗaa winndeede e nokku baraas Vaal oo. Naatgol ko ina tolnoo e 4 700 meeteer kuuɓtodinɗo e leƴƴannde (170 000 cu ft/s) fotnoo ko e nder baraas Vaal mo ina joginoo doole timmuɗe sabu toɓooli moƴƴi e ko rewrude e njuɓɓudi karallaagal gollotooɓe e Hidroloji to DWAF tan, ilam ɓurɗam heewde yaltinaaɗam e nder leƴƴannde kala, ina famɗi30 (81 000 meeteer kuu/s). Tolno ko ina tolnoo e 2 300 meeteer kuuɓtodinɗo e leƴƴannde (81 000 cu ft/s) ina waawi addande bonneede no feewi e dow ŋoral Vaal e ngonka e nder ilam 1996 ina tiiɗi no feewi nde tawnoo desorɗe e nder weeyo ngo ina tolnoo e 118,5% e Cap91 February91 woni ko 194 000 000 meeteer kuuɓtodinɗo (6,9×109 cu ft) tan heddii ko adii nde naatgol timmungol ngol yaltata ina addana ɗum bonnude no feewi. Eɓɓoore ndiyam Lesotho Highlands ina ñammina ndiyam e nder system o e dow doole guubiliiji ina wallita e dokkal ndiyam ɗam yimɓe e nokkuuji gollorɗi Gauteng. Ndiyam ɗam ummortoo ko leydi Lesoto, naata e maayo Liebenbergsvlei e Wilge. Baraas Sterkfontein ina jeyaa e peeje vursugol ndiyam Tugela-Vaal ngam vursugol ndiyam hakkunde-leyzeele ummoraade e maayo Thukela to KwaZulu-Natal ngam waztude tolnooji e nder Siistem maayo Vaal. Ndiyam ummortooɗam e baraas Sterkfontein ina yaltinee so baraas Vaal yanii haa les 16%. Baraas oo ina jogii duunde mum fotde 5 km (3 mi) njuuteendi. Duunde ndee huutortenoo ko no nokku pottital sirlu e laamu apartaayd kono jooni ko ɗoon woni ɗo kawgel ngel waɗata hitaande kala e nder laanaaji diwooje Round the Island, tiitoonde deftere Guinness winndereere, tiitoonde kawgel laanaaji diwooje ɓurngel mawnude e nder leydi.<ref>"Vaal Dam – Attractions – Gauteng Tourism Authority". Archived from the original on 19 December 2010.</ref> Ñalnde 4 lewru Mbooy hitaande 1948 BOAC yaltini laanaaji diwooje Short Solent e dow leydi Angalteer (Southampton) feewde Afrik worgo (Vaaldam).[4] Wuro tokooso Deneysville huutortenoo ko nokku ɗo laanaaji diwooje ɓooyɗi BOAC njooɗii. == Pijirlooji ndiyam == Baraas Vaal ko nokku njulaagu karte e liɗɗi ndiyam laaɓɗam. Daande maggal ina heewi jom en liɗɗi e nder hitaande ndee kala. Kewuuji keewɗi e nder dingiral ndiyam ina mbaɗee ɗoo ina heen hitaande kala "Round The Island" kawgel ngel Lake Deneys Yacht Club yuɓɓinta—[5] kawgel ngel wonnoo ko e deftere Guinness ngam wonde "Ɓuri heewde e laanaaji diwooje e nder kawgel ngel e nder winndere nde", ɗo 389 laana ndiwoowa taƴi laawol timmungol ngol Records ngam laanaaji ɓurɗi heewde e kawgel yacht nder leydi. Kewuuji mawɗi keewɗi ina mbaɗa ɗoo ina heen yontere Keelboat e dogdu jetski 200 km to Bayshore, jooni noon ko dogdu ngalu to baraas Bayshore Marina Vaal. Laana ndiwoowa Lake Deneys e Pennant Nine Yacht Club ndenndini yuɓɓinde laana ndiwoowa tawtoraama "Bart's Bash" hakkunde leyɗeele gadano e hitaande 2014 e ɗiɗmere 2015. Diiwanuuji tati ina mbaɗi daande maayo Dam - Free State ɓuri juutde e daande maayo, Mpumalanga ina jogii daande maayo belngo ngo alaa ko bonnata, tawi ɓurngo bonde e woɗɗude ko Gauteng. Baraas oo fuɗɗii ko e hitaande 1939, ina jogii mbaawka 2,536 kiloomeeteer kuuɓtodinɗo (2 056 000 acre⋅ft),[1] e njaajeendi 320 kiloomeeteer kaaree (120 miil kaaree),[1] koɗorɗe baraas oo ina njogii 63 meeteer toowɗo (207 ft). Sabu mawnugol weendu nduu ina waɗi caɗeele e ɓuuɓgol, ƴeew Sterkfontein Dam ngam ɓeydaade humpitaade. Deneysville woni wuro ɓurngo mawnude e dow baraas Vaal, ina rokka nokku coggu baraas oo. Ina waɗi 3 clubs yacht e marinaaji ɗiɗi. == Lesdi == Liɗɗi ɓurɗi heewde e damal Vaal ko barbel, karp common, karp mirror, karp huɗo, liɗɗi daneeji tokoosi, liɗɗi daneeji mawɗi e liɗɗi loope.[6] Geese Ejipt e lapwing njamndi ko colli keewɗi e daande maayo, kadi ko ƴiye Kaspi ina keewi. Flamingo mawɗo oo ko colli ɓuuɓɗi, flamingo tokooso ina tawee e limoore leslesre, kadi ƴiye udditiiɗe ɓutte ina njiyee. Liɗɗi seeɗa ina ngoodi, osprey ina famɗi.[7] == Tuugnorgal == foz2xfar0t4qy111llcsrx7y9vi73z1 175741 175740 2026-06-22T19:48:33Z Nnamadee 11577 175741 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Baraas Vaal''' to Afrik worgo mahiraa ko e hitaande 1938, ina woni e 77 km to fuɗnaange Aeroport hakkunde leyɗeele OR Tambo, Johannesburg. Leydi ndi caggal mahol baraas oo ina waɗi fotde 320 kiloomeeteer kaaree (120 miil kaaree)<ref>"VAAL DAM". Department of Water Affairs. Archived from the original on 26 June 2019. Retrieved 19 December 2009.</ref>, luggiɗde mum ko 47 meeter. Baraas Vaal woni ko e maayo Vaal, ngo jeyaa ko e maayooji ɓurɗi semmbe e nder Afrik worgo. Maayooji goɗɗi gonɗi e nder baraas oo ko maayo Wilge, maayo Molspruit e maayo Grootspruit.<ref>Vaal (reservoir) Archived 22 June 2004 at the Wayback Machine</ref> Ina waɗi ko ina tolnoo e 800 kiloomeeteer (500 mi) e daande maayo, ko kañum woni baraas ɗiɗaɓo ɓurɗo mawnude e Afrik worgo to bannge njaajeendi, kadi ko nayaɓo to bannge njaajeendi. == Tariya == Pewnugol baraas Vaal fuɗɗii ko e dumunna ɓuuɓɗo e fuɗɗoode kitaale capanɗe tati, baraas oo timminii e hitaande 1938 e tooweeki mahdi ndii ko 54,2 meeteer (178 ft) dow fonndaasiyoŋ ɓurɗo lesɗude e mbaawka mum timmuɗo ko ina tolnoo e 994 000 000 meeteer kubik (3.51×1ft0). Baraas oo ko mbaydi teskinndi, ndi taƴre leydi woni e bannge ñaamo. Ko Rand Water e Departemaa Irigaasiyoŋ (anndiraa hannde Departemaa Geɗe Ndiyam) mahi ɗum ko e ballondiral. Caggal mum baraas oo ummiima e fuɗɗoode kitaale capanɗe joyi haa tooweeki mum tolnii e 60,3 meeteer (198 ft) ɗum ɓeydi mbaawka mum haa 2 188 000 000 meeteer kubik (7.73×1010 cu ft). Ummagol ɗiɗaɓol ngol waɗi ko e hitaande 1985 nde mahdi ndii ɓeydaa fotde 3,05 meeter (10,0 ft) haa 63,4 meeter (208 ft) dow fonndaasiyoŋ ɓurɗo lesɗude. Capanɗe baraas oo ko hannde 2 609 799 000 meeteer kuuɓtodinɗo (9,21642×1010 cu ft) e 663 000 000 meeteer kuuɓtodinɗo goɗɗo (2,34×1010 cu ft) walla 26% ina mbaawi moofteede e nder sahaa gooto. Sifaaaji ustude ilam baraas oo jarribaama no feewi e lewru feebariyee 1996 nde ilam ɓurɗam mawnude meeɗaa winndeede e nokku baraas Vaal oo. Naatgol ko ina tolnoo e 4 700 meeteer kuuɓtodinɗo e leƴƴannde (170 000 cu ft/s) fotnoo ko e nder baraas Vaal mo ina joginoo doole timmuɗe sabu toɓooli moƴƴi e ko rewrude e njuɓɓudi karallaagal gollotooɓe e Hidroloji to DWAF tan, ilam ɓurɗam heewde yaltinaaɗam e nder leƴƴannde kala, ina famɗi30 (81 000 meeteer kuu/s). Tolno ko ina tolnoo e 2 300 meeteer kuuɓtodinɗo e leƴƴannde (81 000 cu ft/s) ina waawi addande bonneede no feewi e dow ŋoral Vaal e ngonka e nder ilam 1996 ina tiiɗi no feewi nde tawnoo desorɗe e nder weeyo ngo ina tolnoo e 118,5% e Cap91 February91 woni ko 194 000 000 meeteer kuuɓtodinɗo (6,9×109 cu ft) tan heddii ko adii nde naatgol timmungol ngol yaltata ina addana ɗum bonnude no feewi. Eɓɓoore ndiyam Lesotho Highlands ina ñammina ndiyam e nder system o e dow doole guubiliiji ina wallita e dokkal ndiyam ɗam yimɓe e nokkuuji gollorɗi Gauteng. Ndiyam ɗam ummortoo ko leydi Lesoto, naata e maayo Liebenbergsvlei e Wilge. Baraas Sterkfontein ina jeyaa e peeje vursugol ndiyam Tugela-Vaal ngam vursugol ndiyam hakkunde-leyzeele ummoraade e maayo Thukela to KwaZulu-Natal ngam waztude tolnooji e nder Siistem maayo Vaal. Ndiyam ummortooɗam e baraas Sterkfontein ina yaltinee so baraas Vaal yanii haa les 16%. Baraas oo ina jogii duunde mum fotde 5 km (3 mi) njuuteendi. Duunde ndee huutortenoo ko no nokku pottital sirlu e laamu apartaayd kono jooni ko ɗoon woni ɗo kawgel ngel waɗata hitaande kala e nder laanaaji diwooje Round the Island, tiitoonde deftere Guinness winndereere, tiitoonde kawgel laanaaji diwooje ɓurngel mawnude e nder leydi.<ref>"Vaal Dam – Attractions – Gauteng Tourism Authority". Archived from the original on 19 December 2010.</ref> Ñalnde 4 lewru Mbooy hitaande 1948 BOAC yaltini laanaaji diwooje Short Solent e dow leydi Angalteer (Southampton) feewde Afrik worgo (Vaaldam).<ref>"Museum History 1940–1950". British Airways Museum. Archived from the original on 27 December 2008. Retrieved 10 July 2009.</ref> Wuro tokooso Deneysville huutortenoo ko nokku ɗo laanaaji diwooje ɓooyɗi BOAC njooɗii. == Pijirlooji ndiyam == Baraas Vaal ko nokku njulaagu karte e liɗɗi ndiyam laaɓɗam. Daande maggal ina heewi jom en liɗɗi e nder hitaande ndee kala. Kewuuji keewɗi e nder dingiral ndiyam ina mbaɗee ɗoo ina heen hitaande kala "Round The Island" kawgel ngel Lake Deneys Yacht Club yuɓɓinta—[5] kawgel ngel wonnoo ko e deftere Guinness ngam wonde "Ɓuri heewde e laanaaji diwooje e nder kawgel ngel e nder winndere nde", ɗo 389 laana ndiwoowa taƴi laawol timmungol ngol Records ngam laanaaji ɓurɗi heewde e kawgel yacht nder leydi. Kewuuji mawɗi keewɗi ina mbaɗa ɗoo ina heen yontere Keelboat e dogdu jetski 200 km to Bayshore, jooni noon ko dogdu ngalu to baraas Bayshore Marina Vaal. Laana ndiwoowa Lake Deneys e Pennant Nine Yacht Club ndenndini yuɓɓinde laana ndiwoowa tawtoraama "Bart's Bash" hakkunde leyɗeele gadano e hitaande 2014 e ɗiɗmere 2015. Diiwanuuji tati ina mbaɗi daande maayo Dam - Free State ɓuri juutde e daande maayo, Mpumalanga ina jogii daande maayo belngo ngo alaa ko bonnata, tawi ɓurngo bonde e woɗɗude ko Gauteng. Baraas oo fuɗɗii ko e hitaande 1939, ina jogii mbaawka 2,536 kiloomeeteer kuuɓtodinɗo (2 056 000 acre⋅ft),[1] e njaajeendi 320 kiloomeeteer kaaree (120 miil kaaree),[1] koɗorɗe baraas oo ina njogii 63 meeteer toowɗo (207 ft). Sabu mawnugol weendu nduu ina waɗi caɗeele e ɓuuɓgol, ƴeew Sterkfontein Dam ngam ɓeydaade humpitaade. Deneysville woni wuro ɓurngo mawnude e dow baraas Vaal, ina rokka nokku coggu baraas oo. Ina waɗi 3 clubs yacht e marinaaji ɗiɗi. == Lesdi == Liɗɗi ɓurɗi heewde e damal Vaal ko barbel, karp common, karp mirror, karp huɗo, liɗɗi daneeji tokoosi, liɗɗi daneeji mawɗi e liɗɗi loope.[6] Geese Ejipt e lapwing njamndi ko colli keewɗi e daande maayo, kadi ko ƴiye Kaspi ina keewi. Flamingo mawɗo oo ko colli ɓuuɓɗi, flamingo tokooso ina tawee e limoore leslesre, kadi ƴiye udditiiɗe ɓutte ina njiyee. Liɗɗi seeɗa ina ngoodi, osprey ina famɗi.[7] == Tuugnorgal == hpfn6j9s684uip0wzpf4ry5x3xs3pae 175742 175741 2026-06-22T19:49:34Z Nnamadee 11577 175742 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Baraas Vaal''' to Afrik worgo mahiraa ko e hitaande 1938, ina woni e 77 km to fuɗnaange Aeroport hakkunde leyɗeele OR Tambo, Johannesburg. Leydi ndi caggal mahol baraas oo ina waɗi fotde 320 kiloomeeteer kaaree (120 miil kaaree)<ref>"VAAL DAM". Department of Water Affairs. Archived from the original on 26 June 2019. Retrieved 19 December 2009.</ref>, luggiɗde mum ko 47 meeter. Baraas Vaal woni ko e maayo Vaal, ngo jeyaa ko e maayooji ɓurɗi semmbe e nder Afrik worgo. Maayooji goɗɗi gonɗi e nder baraas oo ko maayo Wilge, maayo Molspruit e maayo Grootspruit.<ref>Vaal (reservoir) Archived 22 June 2004 at the Wayback Machine</ref> Ina waɗi ko ina tolnoo e 800 kiloomeeteer (500 mi) e daande maayo, ko kañum woni baraas ɗiɗaɓo ɓurɗo mawnude e Afrik worgo to bannge njaajeendi, kadi ko nayaɓo to bannge njaajeendi. == Tariya == Pewnugol baraas Vaal fuɗɗii ko e dumunna ɓuuɓɗo e fuɗɗoode kitaale capanɗe tati, baraas oo timminii e hitaande 1938 e tooweeki mahdi ndii ko 54,2 meeteer (178 ft) dow fonndaasiyoŋ ɓurɗo lesɗude e mbaawka mum timmuɗo ko ina tolnoo e 994 000 000 meeteer kubik (3.51×1ft0). Baraas oo ko mbaydi teskinndi, ndi taƴre leydi woni e bannge ñaamo. Ko Rand Water e Departemaa Irigaasiyoŋ (anndiraa hannde Departemaa Geɗe Ndiyam) mahi ɗum ko e ballondiral. Caggal mum baraas oo ummiima e fuɗɗoode kitaale capanɗe joyi haa tooweeki mum tolnii e 60,3 meeteer (198 ft) ɗum ɓeydi mbaawka mum haa 2 188 000 000 meeteer kubik (7.73×1010 cu ft). Ummagol ɗiɗaɓol ngol waɗi ko e hitaande 1985 nde mahdi ndii ɓeydaa fotde 3,05 meeter (10,0 ft) haa 63,4 meeter (208 ft) dow fonndaasiyoŋ ɓurɗo lesɗude. Capanɗe baraas oo ko hannde 2 609 799 000 meeteer kuuɓtodinɗo (9,21642×1010 cu ft) e 663 000 000 meeteer kuuɓtodinɗo goɗɗo (2,34×1010 cu ft) walla 26% ina mbaawi moofteede e nder sahaa gooto. Sifaaaji ustude ilam baraas oo jarribaama no feewi e lewru feebariyee 1996 nde ilam ɓurɗam mawnude meeɗaa winndeede e nokku baraas Vaal oo. Naatgol ko ina tolnoo e 4 700 meeteer kuuɓtodinɗo e leƴƴannde (170 000 cu ft/s) fotnoo ko e nder baraas Vaal mo ina joginoo doole timmuɗe sabu toɓooli moƴƴi e ko rewrude e njuɓɓudi karallaagal gollotooɓe e Hidroloji to DWAF tan, ilam ɓurɗam heewde yaltinaaɗam e nder leƴƴannde kala, ina famɗi30 (81 000 meeteer kuu/s). Tolno ko ina tolnoo e 2 300 meeteer kuuɓtodinɗo e leƴƴannde (81 000 cu ft/s) ina waawi addande bonneede no feewi e dow ŋoral Vaal e ngonka e nder ilam 1996 ina tiiɗi no feewi nde tawnoo desorɗe e nder weeyo ngo ina tolnoo e 118,5% e Cap91 February91 woni ko 194 000 000 meeteer kuuɓtodinɗo (6,9×109 cu ft) tan heddii ko adii nde naatgol timmungol ngol yaltata ina addana ɗum bonnude no feewi. Eɓɓoore ndiyam Lesotho Highlands ina ñammina ndiyam e nder system o e dow doole guubiliiji ina wallita e dokkal ndiyam ɗam yimɓe e nokkuuji gollorɗi Gauteng. Ndiyam ɗam ummortoo ko leydi Lesoto, naata e maayo Liebenbergsvlei e Wilge. Baraas Sterkfontein ina jeyaa e peeje vursugol ndiyam Tugela-Vaal ngam vursugol ndiyam hakkunde-leyzeele ummoraade e maayo Thukela to KwaZulu-Natal ngam waztude tolnooji e nder Siistem maayo Vaal. Ndiyam ummortooɗam e baraas Sterkfontein ina yaltinee so baraas Vaal yanii haa les 16%. Baraas oo ina jogii duunde mum fotde 5 km (3 mi) njuuteendi. Duunde ndee huutortenoo ko no nokku pottital sirlu e laamu apartaayd kono jooni ko ɗoon woni ɗo kawgel ngel waɗata hitaande kala e nder laanaaji diwooje Round the Island, tiitoonde deftere Guinness winndereere, tiitoonde kawgel laanaaji diwooje ɓurngel mawnude e nder leydi.<ref>"Vaal Dam – Attractions – Gauteng Tourism Authority". Archived from the original on 19 December 2010.</ref> Ñalnde 4 lewru Mbooy hitaande 1948 BOAC yaltini laanaaji diwooje Short Solent e dow leydi Angalteer (Southampton) feewde Afrik worgo (Vaaldam).<ref>"Museum History 1940–1950". British Airways Museum. Archived from the original on 27 December 2008. Retrieved 10 July 2009.</ref> Wuro tokooso Deneysville huutortenoo ko nokku ɗo laanaaji diwooje ɓooyɗi BOAC njooɗii. == Pijirlooji ndiyam == Baraas Vaal ko nokku njulaagu karte e liɗɗi ndiyam laaɓɗam. Daande maggal ina heewi jom en liɗɗi e nder hitaande ndee kala. Kewuuji keewɗi e nder dingiral ndiyam ina mbaɗee ɗoo ina heen hitaande kala "Round The Island" kawgel ngel Lake Deneys Yacht Club yuɓɓinta—<ref>"There's much more to LDYC than Sailing". Lake Deneys Yacht Club. Retrieved 10 July 2009.</ref> kawgel ngel wonnoo ko e deftere Guinness ngam wonde "Ɓuri heewde e laanaaji diwooje e nder kawgel ngel e nder winndere nde", ɗo 389 laana ndiwoowa taƴi laawol timmungol ngol Records ngam laanaaji ɓurɗi heewde e kawgel yacht nder leydi. Kewuuji mawɗi keewɗi ina mbaɗa ɗoo ina heen yontere Keelboat e dogdu jetski 200 km to Bayshore, jooni noon ko dogdu ngalu to baraas Bayshore Marina Vaal. Laana ndiwoowa Lake Deneys e Pennant Nine Yacht Club ndenndini yuɓɓinde laana ndiwoowa tawtoraama "Bart's Bash" hakkunde leyɗeele gadano e hitaande 2014 e ɗiɗmere 2015. Diiwanuuji tati ina mbaɗi daande maayo Dam - Free State ɓuri juutde e daande maayo, Mpumalanga ina jogii daande maayo belngo ngo alaa ko bonnata, tawi ɓurngo bonde e woɗɗude ko Gauteng. Baraas oo fuɗɗii ko e hitaande 1939, ina jogii mbaawka 2,536 kiloomeeteer kuuɓtodinɗo (2 056 000 acre⋅ft),[1] e njaajeendi 320 kiloomeeteer kaaree (120 miil kaaree),[1] koɗorɗe baraas oo ina njogii 63 meeteer toowɗo (207 ft). Sabu mawnugol weendu nduu ina waɗi caɗeele e ɓuuɓgol, ƴeew Sterkfontein Dam ngam ɓeydaade humpitaade. Deneysville woni wuro ɓurngo mawnude e dow baraas Vaal, ina rokka nokku coggu baraas oo. Ina waɗi 3 clubs yacht e marinaaji ɗiɗi. == Lesdi == Liɗɗi ɓurɗi heewde e damal Vaal ko barbel, karp common, karp mirror, karp huɗo, liɗɗi daneeji tokoosi, liɗɗi daneeji mawɗi e liɗɗi loope.[6] Geese Ejipt e lapwing njamndi ko colli keewɗi e daande maayo, kadi ko ƴiye Kaspi ina keewi. Flamingo mawɗo oo ko colli ɓuuɓɗi, flamingo tokooso ina tawee e limoore leslesre, kadi ƴiye udditiiɗe ɓutte ina njiyee. Liɗɗi seeɗa ina ngoodi, osprey ina famɗi.[7] == Tuugnorgal == 4ibw7u0mtl2abom5xbs9xoibf3kyjjj 175743 175742 2026-06-22T19:50:44Z Nnamadee 11577 175743 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Baraas Vaal''' to Afrik worgo mahiraa ko e hitaande 1938, ina woni e 77 km to fuɗnaange Aeroport hakkunde leyɗeele OR Tambo, Johannesburg. Leydi ndi caggal mahol baraas oo ina waɗi fotde 320 kiloomeeteer kaaree (120 miil kaaree)<ref>"VAAL DAM". Department of Water Affairs. Archived from the original on 26 June 2019. Retrieved 19 December 2009.</ref>, luggiɗde mum ko 47 meeter. Baraas Vaal woni ko e maayo Vaal, ngo jeyaa ko e maayooji ɓurɗi semmbe e nder Afrik worgo. Maayooji goɗɗi gonɗi e nder baraas oo ko maayo Wilge, maayo Molspruit e maayo Grootspruit.<ref>Vaal (reservoir) Archived 22 June 2004 at the Wayback Machine</ref> Ina waɗi ko ina tolnoo e 800 kiloomeeteer (500 mi) e daande maayo, ko kañum woni baraas ɗiɗaɓo ɓurɗo mawnude e Afrik worgo to bannge njaajeendi, kadi ko nayaɓo to bannge njaajeendi. == Tariya == Pewnugol baraas Vaal fuɗɗii ko e dumunna ɓuuɓɗo e fuɗɗoode kitaale capanɗe tati, baraas oo timminii e hitaande 1938 e tooweeki mahdi ndii ko 54,2 meeteer (178 ft) dow fonndaasiyoŋ ɓurɗo lesɗude e mbaawka mum timmuɗo ko ina tolnoo e 994 000 000 meeteer kubik (3.51×1ft0). Baraas oo ko mbaydi teskinndi, ndi taƴre leydi woni e bannge ñaamo. Ko Rand Water e Departemaa Irigaasiyoŋ (anndiraa hannde Departemaa Geɗe Ndiyam) mahi ɗum ko e ballondiral. Caggal mum baraas oo ummiima e fuɗɗoode kitaale capanɗe joyi haa tooweeki mum tolnii e 60,3 meeteer (198 ft) ɗum ɓeydi mbaawka mum haa 2 188 000 000 meeteer kubik (7.73×1010 cu ft). Ummagol ɗiɗaɓol ngol waɗi ko e hitaande 1985 nde mahdi ndii ɓeydaa fotde 3,05 meeter (10,0 ft) haa 63,4 meeter (208 ft) dow fonndaasiyoŋ ɓurɗo lesɗude. Capanɗe baraas oo ko hannde 2 609 799 000 meeteer kuuɓtodinɗo (9,21642×1010 cu ft) e 663 000 000 meeteer kuuɓtodinɗo goɗɗo (2,34×1010 cu ft) walla 26% ina mbaawi moofteede e nder sahaa gooto. Sifaaaji ustude ilam baraas oo jarribaama no feewi e lewru feebariyee 1996 nde ilam ɓurɗam mawnude meeɗaa winndeede e nokku baraas Vaal oo. Naatgol ko ina tolnoo e 4 700 meeteer kuuɓtodinɗo e leƴƴannde (170 000 cu ft/s) fotnoo ko e nder baraas Vaal mo ina joginoo doole timmuɗe sabu toɓooli moƴƴi e ko rewrude e njuɓɓudi karallaagal gollotooɓe e Hidroloji to DWAF tan, ilam ɓurɗam heewde yaltinaaɗam e nder leƴƴannde kala, ina famɗi30 (81 000 meeteer kuu/s). Tolno ko ina tolnoo e 2 300 meeteer kuuɓtodinɗo e leƴƴannde (81 000 cu ft/s) ina waawi addande bonneede no feewi e dow ŋoral Vaal e ngonka e nder ilam 1996 ina tiiɗi no feewi nde tawnoo desorɗe e nder weeyo ngo ina tolnoo e 118,5% e Cap91 February91 woni ko 194 000 000 meeteer kuuɓtodinɗo (6,9×109 cu ft) tan heddii ko adii nde naatgol timmungol ngol yaltata ina addana ɗum bonnude no feewi. Eɓɓoore ndiyam Lesotho Highlands ina ñammina ndiyam e nder system o e dow doole guubiliiji ina wallita e dokkal ndiyam ɗam yimɓe e nokkuuji gollorɗi Gauteng. Ndiyam ɗam ummortoo ko leydi Lesoto, naata e maayo Liebenbergsvlei e Wilge. Baraas Sterkfontein ina jeyaa e peeje vursugol ndiyam Tugela-Vaal ngam vursugol ndiyam hakkunde-leyzeele ummoraade e maayo Thukela to KwaZulu-Natal ngam waztude tolnooji e nder Siistem maayo Vaal. Ndiyam ummortooɗam e baraas Sterkfontein ina yaltinee so baraas Vaal yanii haa les 16%. Baraas oo ina jogii duunde mum fotde 5 km (3 mi) njuuteendi. Duunde ndee huutortenoo ko no nokku pottital sirlu e laamu apartaayd kono jooni ko ɗoon woni ɗo kawgel ngel waɗata hitaande kala e nder laanaaji diwooje Round the Island, tiitoonde deftere Guinness winndereere, tiitoonde kawgel laanaaji diwooje ɓurngel mawnude e nder leydi.<ref>"Vaal Dam – Attractions – Gauteng Tourism Authority". Archived from the original on 19 December 2010.</ref> Ñalnde 4 lewru Mbooy hitaande 1948 BOAC yaltini laanaaji diwooje Short Solent e dow leydi Angalteer (Southampton) feewde Afrik worgo (Vaaldam).<ref>"Museum History 1940–1950". British Airways Museum. Archived from the original on 27 December 2008. Retrieved 10 July 2009.</ref> Wuro tokooso Deneysville huutortenoo ko nokku ɗo laanaaji diwooje ɓooyɗi BOAC njooɗii. == Pijirlooji ndiyam == Baraas Vaal ko nokku njulaagu karte e liɗɗi ndiyam laaɓɗam. Daande maggal ina heewi jom en liɗɗi e nder hitaande ndee kala. Kewuuji keewɗi e nder dingiral ndiyam ina mbaɗee ɗoo ina heen hitaande kala "Round The Island" kawgel ngel Lake Deneys Yacht Club yuɓɓinta—<ref>"There's much more to LDYC than Sailing". Lake Deneys Yacht Club. Retrieved 10 July 2009.</ref> kawgel ngel wonnoo ko e deftere Guinness ngam wonde "Ɓuri heewde e laanaaji diwooje e nder kawgel ngel e nder winndere nde", ɗo 389 laana ndiwoowa taƴi laawol timmungol ngol Records ngam laanaaji ɓurɗi heewde e kawgel yacht nder leydi. Kewuuji mawɗi keewɗi ina mbaɗa ɗoo ina heen yontere Keelboat e dogdu jetski 200 km to Bayshore, jooni noon ko dogdu ngalu to baraas Bayshore Marina Vaal. Laana ndiwoowa Lake Deneys e Pennant Nine Yacht Club ndenndini yuɓɓinde laana ndiwoowa tawtoraama "Bart's Bash" hakkunde leyɗeele gadano e hitaande 2014 e ɗiɗmere 2015. Diiwanuuji tati ina mbaɗi daande maayo Dam - Free State ɓuri juutde e daande maayo, Mpumalanga ina jogii daande maayo belngo ngo alaa ko bonnata, tawi ɓurngo bonde e woɗɗude ko Gauteng. Baraas oo fuɗɗii ko e hitaande 1939, ina jogii mbaawka 2,536 kiloomeeteer kuuɓtodinɗo (2 056 000 acre⋅ft),[1] e njaajeendi 320 kiloomeeteer kaaree (120 miil kaaree),[1] koɗorɗe baraas oo ina njogii 63 meeteer toowɗo (207 ft). Sabu mawnugol weendu nduu ina waɗi caɗeele e ɓuuɓgol, ƴeew Sterkfontein Dam ngam ɓeydaade humpitaade. Deneysville woni wuro ɓurngo mawnude e dow baraas Vaal, ina rokka nokku coggu baraas oo. Ina waɗi 3 clubs yacht e marinaaji ɗiɗi. == Lesdi == Liɗɗi ɓurɗi heewde e damal Vaal ko barbel, karp common, karp mirror, karp huɗo, liɗɗi daneeji tokoosi, liɗɗi daneeji mawɗi e liɗɗi loope.<ref>"Vaal Dam / Vaaldam (FS)". Fishing and Venues in South Africa. favisa. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 26 February 2016.</ref> Geese Ejipt e lapwing njamndi ko colli keewɗi e daande maayo, kadi ko ƴiye Kaspi ina keewi. Flamingo mawɗo oo ko colli ɓuuɓɗi, flamingo tokooso ina tawee e limoore leslesre, kadi ƴiye udditiiɗe ɓutte ina njiyee. Liɗɗi seeɗa ina ngoodi, osprey ina famɗi.[7] == Tuugnorgal == gstkq8ox6t2w351ua1fhrernzzqpq2z 175745 175743 2026-06-22T19:51:31Z Nnamadee 11577 175745 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Baraas Vaal''' to Afrik worgo mahiraa ko e hitaande 1938, ina woni e 77 km to fuɗnaange Aeroport hakkunde leyɗeele OR Tambo, Johannesburg. Leydi ndi caggal mahol baraas oo ina waɗi fotde 320 kiloomeeteer kaaree (120 miil kaaree)<ref>"VAAL DAM". Department of Water Affairs. Archived from the original on 26 June 2019. Retrieved 19 December 2009.</ref>, luggiɗde mum ko 47 meeter. Baraas Vaal woni ko e maayo Vaal, ngo jeyaa ko e maayooji ɓurɗi semmbe e nder Afrik worgo. Maayooji goɗɗi gonɗi e nder baraas oo ko maayo Wilge, maayo Molspruit e maayo Grootspruit.<ref>Vaal (reservoir) Archived 22 June 2004 at the Wayback Machine</ref> Ina waɗi ko ina tolnoo e 800 kiloomeeteer (500 mi) e daande maayo, ko kañum woni baraas ɗiɗaɓo ɓurɗo mawnude e Afrik worgo to bannge njaajeendi, kadi ko nayaɓo to bannge njaajeendi. == Tariya == Pewnugol baraas Vaal fuɗɗii ko e dumunna ɓuuɓɗo e fuɗɗoode kitaale capanɗe tati, baraas oo timminii e hitaande 1938 e tooweeki mahdi ndii ko 54,2 meeteer (178 ft) dow fonndaasiyoŋ ɓurɗo lesɗude e mbaawka mum timmuɗo ko ina tolnoo e 994 000 000 meeteer kubik (3.51×1ft0). Baraas oo ko mbaydi teskinndi, ndi taƴre leydi woni e bannge ñaamo. Ko Rand Water e Departemaa Irigaasiyoŋ (anndiraa hannde Departemaa Geɗe Ndiyam) mahi ɗum ko e ballondiral. Caggal mum baraas oo ummiima e fuɗɗoode kitaale capanɗe joyi haa tooweeki mum tolnii e 60,3 meeteer (198 ft) ɗum ɓeydi mbaawka mum haa 2 188 000 000 meeteer kubik (7.73×1010 cu ft). Ummagol ɗiɗaɓol ngol waɗi ko e hitaande 1985 nde mahdi ndii ɓeydaa fotde 3,05 meeter (10,0 ft) haa 63,4 meeter (208 ft) dow fonndaasiyoŋ ɓurɗo lesɗude. Capanɗe baraas oo ko hannde 2 609 799 000 meeteer kuuɓtodinɗo (9,21642×1010 cu ft) e 663 000 000 meeteer kuuɓtodinɗo goɗɗo (2,34×1010 cu ft) walla 26% ina mbaawi moofteede e nder sahaa gooto. Sifaaaji ustude ilam baraas oo jarribaama no feewi e lewru feebariyee 1996 nde ilam ɓurɗam mawnude meeɗaa winndeede e nokku baraas Vaal oo. Naatgol ko ina tolnoo e 4 700 meeteer kuuɓtodinɗo e leƴƴannde (170 000 cu ft/s) fotnoo ko e nder baraas Vaal mo ina joginoo doole timmuɗe sabu toɓooli moƴƴi e ko rewrude e njuɓɓudi karallaagal gollotooɓe e Hidroloji to DWAF tan, ilam ɓurɗam heewde yaltinaaɗam e nder leƴƴannde kala, ina famɗi30 (81 000 meeteer kuu/s). Tolno ko ina tolnoo e 2 300 meeteer kuuɓtodinɗo e leƴƴannde (81 000 cu ft/s) ina waawi addande bonneede no feewi e dow ŋoral Vaal e ngonka e nder ilam 1996 ina tiiɗi no feewi nde tawnoo desorɗe e nder weeyo ngo ina tolnoo e 118,5% e Cap91 February91 woni ko 194 000 000 meeteer kuuɓtodinɗo (6,9×109 cu ft) tan heddii ko adii nde naatgol timmungol ngol yaltata ina addana ɗum bonnude no feewi. Eɓɓoore ndiyam Lesotho Highlands ina ñammina ndiyam e nder system o e dow doole guubiliiji ina wallita e dokkal ndiyam ɗam yimɓe e nokkuuji gollorɗi Gauteng. Ndiyam ɗam ummortoo ko leydi Lesoto, naata e maayo Liebenbergsvlei e Wilge. Baraas Sterkfontein ina jeyaa e peeje vursugol ndiyam Tugela-Vaal ngam vursugol ndiyam hakkunde-leyzeele ummoraade e maayo Thukela to KwaZulu-Natal ngam waztude tolnooji e nder Siistem maayo Vaal. Ndiyam ummortooɗam e baraas Sterkfontein ina yaltinee so baraas Vaal yanii haa les 16%. Baraas oo ina jogii duunde mum fotde 5 km (3 mi) njuuteendi. Duunde ndee huutortenoo ko no nokku pottital sirlu e laamu apartaayd kono jooni ko ɗoon woni ɗo kawgel ngel waɗata hitaande kala e nder laanaaji diwooje Round the Island, tiitoonde deftere Guinness winndereere, tiitoonde kawgel laanaaji diwooje ɓurngel mawnude e nder leydi.<ref>"Vaal Dam – Attractions – Gauteng Tourism Authority". Archived from the original on 19 December 2010.</ref> Ñalnde 4 lewru Mbooy hitaande 1948 BOAC yaltini laanaaji diwooje Short Solent e dow leydi Angalteer (Southampton) feewde Afrik worgo (Vaaldam).<ref>"Museum History 1940–1950". British Airways Museum. Archived from the original on 27 December 2008. Retrieved 10 July 2009.</ref> Wuro tokooso Deneysville huutortenoo ko nokku ɗo laanaaji diwooje ɓooyɗi BOAC njooɗii. == Pijirlooji ndiyam == Baraas Vaal ko nokku njulaagu karte e liɗɗi ndiyam laaɓɗam. Daande maggal ina heewi jom en liɗɗi e nder hitaande ndee kala. Kewuuji keewɗi e nder dingiral ndiyam ina mbaɗee ɗoo ina heen hitaande kala "Round The Island" kawgel ngel Lake Deneys Yacht Club yuɓɓinta—<ref>"There's much more to LDYC than Sailing". Lake Deneys Yacht Club. Retrieved 10 July 2009.</ref> kawgel ngel wonnoo ko e deftere Guinness ngam wonde "Ɓuri heewde e laanaaji diwooje e nder kawgel ngel e nder winndere nde", ɗo 389 laana ndiwoowa taƴi laawol timmungol ngol Records ngam laanaaji ɓurɗi heewde e kawgel yacht nder leydi. Kewuuji mawɗi keewɗi ina mbaɗa ɗoo ina heen yontere Keelboat e dogdu jetski 200 km to Bayshore, jooni noon ko dogdu ngalu to baraas Bayshore Marina Vaal. Laana ndiwoowa Lake Deneys e Pennant Nine Yacht Club ndenndini yuɓɓinde laana ndiwoowa tawtoraama "Bart's Bash" hakkunde leyɗeele gadano e hitaande 2014 e ɗiɗmere 2015. Diiwanuuji tati ina mbaɗi daande maayo Dam - Free State ɓuri juutde e daande maayo, Mpumalanga ina jogii daande maayo belngo ngo alaa ko bonnata, tawi ɓurngo bonde e woɗɗude ko Gauteng. Baraas oo fuɗɗii ko e hitaande 1939, ina jogii mbaawka 2,536 kiloomeeteer kuuɓtodinɗo (2 056 000 acre⋅ft),[1] e njaajeendi 320 kiloomeeteer kaaree (120 miil kaaree),[1] koɗorɗe baraas oo ina njogii 63 meeteer toowɗo (207 ft). Sabu mawnugol weendu nduu ina waɗi caɗeele e ɓuuɓgol, ƴeew Sterkfontein Dam ngam ɓeydaade humpitaade. Deneysville woni wuro ɓurngo mawnude e dow baraas Vaal, ina rokka nokku coggu baraas oo. Ina waɗi 3 clubs yacht e marinaaji ɗiɗi. == Lesdi == Liɗɗi ɓurɗi heewde e damal Vaal ko barbel, karp common, karp mirror, karp huɗo, liɗɗi daneeji tokoosi, liɗɗi daneeji mawɗi e liɗɗi loope.<ref>"Vaal Dam / Vaaldam (FS)". Fishing and Venues in South Africa. favisa. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 26 February 2016.</ref> Geese Ejipt e lapwing njamndi ko colli keewɗi e daande maayo, kadi ko ƴiye Kaspi ina keewi. Flamingo mawɗo oo ko colli ɓuuɓɗi, flamingo tokooso ina tawee e limoore leslesre, kadi ƴiye udditiiɗe ɓutte ina njiyee. Liɗɗi seeɗa ina ngoodi, osprey ina famɗi.<ref>"Registered CWAC Sites: Free State". Coordinated Waterbird Counts. ADU. Retrieved 26 February 2016.</ref> == Tuugnorgal == ljpn0q2adq6rmrzjdtk4bvqu925836o 175746 175745 2026-06-22T19:52:15Z Nnamadee 11577 175746 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Baraas Vaal''' to Afrik worgo mahiraa ko e hitaande 1938, ina woni e 77 km to fuɗnaange Aeroport hakkunde leyɗeele OR Tambo, Johannesburg. Leydi ndi caggal mahol baraas oo ina waɗi fotde 320 kiloomeeteer kaaree (120 miil kaaree)<ref name=":0">"VAAL DAM". Department of Water Affairs. Archived from the original on 26 June 2019. Retrieved 19 December 2009.</ref>, luggiɗde mum ko 47 meeter. Baraas Vaal woni ko e maayo Vaal, ngo jeyaa ko e maayooji ɓurɗi semmbe e nder Afrik worgo. Maayooji goɗɗi gonɗi e nder baraas oo ko maayo Wilge, maayo Molspruit e maayo Grootspruit.<ref>Vaal (reservoir) Archived 22 June 2004 at the Wayback Machine</ref> Ina waɗi ko ina tolnoo e 800 kiloomeeteer (500 mi) e daande maayo, ko kañum woni baraas ɗiɗaɓo ɓurɗo mawnude e Afrik worgo to bannge njaajeendi, kadi ko nayaɓo to bannge njaajeendi. == Tariya == Pewnugol baraas Vaal fuɗɗii ko e dumunna ɓuuɓɗo e fuɗɗoode kitaale capanɗe tati, baraas oo timminii e hitaande 1938 e tooweeki mahdi ndii ko 54,2 meeteer (178 ft) dow fonndaasiyoŋ ɓurɗo lesɗude e mbaawka mum timmuɗo ko ina tolnoo e 994 000 000 meeteer kubik (3.51×1ft0). Baraas oo ko mbaydi teskinndi, ndi taƴre leydi woni e bannge ñaamo. Ko Rand Water e Departemaa Irigaasiyoŋ (anndiraa hannde Departemaa Geɗe Ndiyam) mahi ɗum ko e ballondiral. Caggal mum baraas oo ummiima e fuɗɗoode kitaale capanɗe joyi haa tooweeki mum tolnii e 60,3 meeteer (198 ft) ɗum ɓeydi mbaawka mum haa 2 188 000 000 meeteer kubik (7.73×1010 cu ft). Ummagol ɗiɗaɓol ngol waɗi ko e hitaande 1985 nde mahdi ndii ɓeydaa fotde 3,05 meeter (10,0 ft) haa 63,4 meeter (208 ft) dow fonndaasiyoŋ ɓurɗo lesɗude. Capanɗe baraas oo ko hannde 2 609 799 000 meeteer kuuɓtodinɗo (9,21642×1010 cu ft) e 663 000 000 meeteer kuuɓtodinɗo goɗɗo (2,34×1010 cu ft) walla 26% ina mbaawi moofteede e nder sahaa gooto. Sifaaaji ustude ilam baraas oo jarribaama no feewi e lewru feebariyee 1996 nde ilam ɓurɗam mawnude meeɗaa winndeede e nokku baraas Vaal oo. Naatgol ko ina tolnoo e 4 700 meeteer kuuɓtodinɗo e leƴƴannde (170 000 cu ft/s) fotnoo ko e nder baraas Vaal mo ina joginoo doole timmuɗe sabu toɓooli moƴƴi e ko rewrude e njuɓɓudi karallaagal gollotooɓe e Hidroloji to DWAF tan, ilam ɓurɗam heewde yaltinaaɗam e nder leƴƴannde kala, ina famɗi30 (81 000 meeteer kuu/s). Tolno ko ina tolnoo e 2 300 meeteer kuuɓtodinɗo e leƴƴannde (81 000 cu ft/s) ina waawi addande bonneede no feewi e dow ŋoral Vaal e ngonka e nder ilam 1996 ina tiiɗi no feewi nde tawnoo desorɗe e nder weeyo ngo ina tolnoo e 118,5% e Cap91 February91 woni ko 194 000 000 meeteer kuuɓtodinɗo (6,9×109 cu ft) tan heddii ko adii nde naatgol timmungol ngol yaltata ina addana ɗum bonnude no feewi. Eɓɓoore ndiyam Lesotho Highlands ina ñammina ndiyam e nder system o e dow doole guubiliiji ina wallita e dokkal ndiyam ɗam yimɓe e nokkuuji gollorɗi Gauteng. Ndiyam ɗam ummortoo ko leydi Lesoto, naata e maayo Liebenbergsvlei e Wilge. Baraas Sterkfontein ina jeyaa e peeje vursugol ndiyam Tugela-Vaal ngam vursugol ndiyam hakkunde-leyzeele ummoraade e maayo Thukela to KwaZulu-Natal ngam waztude tolnooji e nder Siistem maayo Vaal. Ndiyam ummortooɗam e baraas Sterkfontein ina yaltinee so baraas Vaal yanii haa les 16%. Baraas oo ina jogii duunde mum fotde 5 km (3 mi) njuuteendi. Duunde ndee huutortenoo ko no nokku pottital sirlu e laamu apartaayd kono jooni ko ɗoon woni ɗo kawgel ngel waɗata hitaande kala e nder laanaaji diwooje Round the Island, tiitoonde deftere Guinness winndereere, tiitoonde kawgel laanaaji diwooje ɓurngel mawnude e nder leydi.<ref>"Vaal Dam – Attractions – Gauteng Tourism Authority". Archived from the original on 19 December 2010.</ref> Ñalnde 4 lewru Mbooy hitaande 1948 BOAC yaltini laanaaji diwooje Short Solent e dow leydi Angalteer (Southampton) feewde Afrik worgo (Vaaldam).<ref>"Museum History 1940–1950". British Airways Museum. Archived from the original on 27 December 2008. Retrieved 10 July 2009.</ref> Wuro tokooso Deneysville huutortenoo ko nokku ɗo laanaaji diwooje ɓooyɗi BOAC njooɗii. == Pijirlooji ndiyam == Baraas Vaal ko nokku njulaagu karte e liɗɗi ndiyam laaɓɗam. Daande maggal ina heewi jom en liɗɗi e nder hitaande ndee kala. Kewuuji keewɗi e nder dingiral ndiyam ina mbaɗee ɗoo ina heen hitaande kala "Round The Island" kawgel ngel Lake Deneys Yacht Club yuɓɓinta—<ref>"There's much more to LDYC than Sailing". Lake Deneys Yacht Club. Retrieved 10 July 2009.</ref> kawgel ngel wonnoo ko e deftere Guinness ngam wonde "Ɓuri heewde e laanaaji diwooje e nder kawgel ngel e nder winndere nde", ɗo 389 laana ndiwoowa taƴi laawol timmungol ngol Records ngam laanaaji ɓurɗi heewde e kawgel yacht nder leydi. Kewuuji mawɗi keewɗi ina mbaɗa ɗoo ina heen yontere Keelboat e dogdu jetski 200 km to Bayshore, jooni noon ko dogdu ngalu to baraas Bayshore Marina Vaal. Laana ndiwoowa Lake Deneys e Pennant Nine Yacht Club ndenndini yuɓɓinde laana ndiwoowa tawtoraama "Bart's Bash" hakkunde leyɗeele gadano e hitaande 2014 e ɗiɗmere 2015. Diiwanuuji tati ina mbaɗi daande maayo Dam - Free State ɓuri juutde e daande maayo, Mpumalanga ina jogii daande maayo belngo ngo alaa ko bonnata, tawi ɓurngo bonde e woɗɗude ko Gauteng. Baraas oo fuɗɗii ko e hitaande 1939, ina jogii mbaawka 2,536 kiloomeeteer kuuɓtodinɗo (2 056 000 acre⋅ft),<ref name=":0" /> e njaajeendi 320 kiloomeeteer kaaree (120 miil kaaree),[1] koɗorɗe baraas oo ina njogii 63 meeteer toowɗo (207 ft). Sabu mawnugol weendu nduu ina waɗi caɗeele e ɓuuɓgol, ƴeew Sterkfontein Dam ngam ɓeydaade humpitaade. Deneysville woni wuro ɓurngo mawnude e dow baraas Vaal, ina rokka nokku coggu baraas oo. Ina waɗi 3 clubs yacht e marinaaji ɗiɗi. == Lesdi == Liɗɗi ɓurɗi heewde e damal Vaal ko barbel, karp common, karp mirror, karp huɗo, liɗɗi daneeji tokoosi, liɗɗi daneeji mawɗi e liɗɗi loope.<ref>"Vaal Dam / Vaaldam (FS)". Fishing and Venues in South Africa. favisa. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 26 February 2016.</ref> Geese Ejipt e lapwing njamndi ko colli keewɗi e daande maayo, kadi ko ƴiye Kaspi ina keewi. Flamingo mawɗo oo ko colli ɓuuɓɗi, flamingo tokooso ina tawee e limoore leslesre, kadi ƴiye udditiiɗe ɓutte ina njiyee. Liɗɗi seeɗa ina ngoodi, osprey ina famɗi.<ref>"Registered CWAC Sites: Free State". Coordinated Waterbird Counts. ADU. Retrieved 26 February 2016.</ref> == Tuugnorgal == etwjpkdbvffi95d2lv0mcnwcyr791c0 175747 175746 2026-06-22T19:52:48Z Nnamadee 11577 175747 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Baraas Vaal''' to Afrik worgo mahiraa ko e hitaande 1938, ina woni e 77 km to fuɗnaange Aeroport hakkunde leyɗeele OR Tambo, Johannesburg. Leydi ndi caggal mahol baraas oo ina waɗi fotde 320 kiloomeeteer kaaree (120 miil kaaree)<ref name=":0">"VAAL DAM". Department of Water Affairs. Archived from the original on 26 June 2019. Retrieved 19 December 2009.</ref>, luggiɗde mum ko 47 meeter. Baraas Vaal woni ko e maayo Vaal, ngo jeyaa ko e maayooji ɓurɗi semmbe e nder Afrik worgo. Maayooji goɗɗi gonɗi e nder baraas oo ko maayo Wilge, maayo Molspruit e maayo Grootspruit.<ref>Vaal (reservoir) Archived 22 June 2004 at the Wayback Machine</ref> Ina waɗi ko ina tolnoo e 800 kiloomeeteer (500 mi) e daande maayo, ko kañum woni baraas ɗiɗaɓo ɓurɗo mawnude e Afrik worgo to bannge njaajeendi, kadi ko nayaɓo to bannge njaajeendi. == Tariya == Pewnugol baraas Vaal fuɗɗii ko e dumunna ɓuuɓɗo e fuɗɗoode kitaale capanɗe tati, baraas oo timminii e hitaande 1938 e tooweeki mahdi ndii ko 54,2 meeteer (178 ft) dow fonndaasiyoŋ ɓurɗo lesɗude e mbaawka mum timmuɗo ko ina tolnoo e 994 000 000 meeteer kubik (3.51×1ft0). Baraas oo ko mbaydi teskinndi, ndi taƴre leydi woni e bannge ñaamo. Ko Rand Water e Departemaa Irigaasiyoŋ (anndiraa hannde Departemaa Geɗe Ndiyam) mahi ɗum ko e ballondiral. Caggal mum baraas oo ummiima e fuɗɗoode kitaale capanɗe joyi haa tooweeki mum tolnii e 60,3 meeteer (198 ft) ɗum ɓeydi mbaawka mum haa 2 188 000 000 meeteer kubik (7.73×1010 cu ft). Ummagol ɗiɗaɓol ngol waɗi ko e hitaande 1985 nde mahdi ndii ɓeydaa fotde 3,05 meeter (10,0 ft) haa 63,4 meeter (208 ft) dow fonndaasiyoŋ ɓurɗo lesɗude. Capanɗe baraas oo ko hannde 2 609 799 000 meeteer kuuɓtodinɗo (9,21642×1010 cu ft) e 663 000 000 meeteer kuuɓtodinɗo goɗɗo (2,34×1010 cu ft) walla 26% ina mbaawi moofteede e nder sahaa gooto. Sifaaaji ustude ilam baraas oo jarribaama no feewi e lewru feebariyee 1996 nde ilam ɓurɗam mawnude meeɗaa winndeede e nokku baraas Vaal oo. Naatgol ko ina tolnoo e 4 700 meeteer kuuɓtodinɗo e leƴƴannde (170 000 cu ft/s) fotnoo ko e nder baraas Vaal mo ina joginoo doole timmuɗe sabu toɓooli moƴƴi e ko rewrude e njuɓɓudi karallaagal gollotooɓe e Hidroloji to DWAF tan, ilam ɓurɗam heewde yaltinaaɗam e nder leƴƴannde kala, ina famɗi30 (81 000 meeteer kuu/s). Tolno ko ina tolnoo e 2 300 meeteer kuuɓtodinɗo e leƴƴannde (81 000 cu ft/s) ina waawi addande bonneede no feewi e dow ŋoral Vaal e ngonka e nder ilam 1996 ina tiiɗi no feewi nde tawnoo desorɗe e nder weeyo ngo ina tolnoo e 118,5% e Cap91 February91 woni ko 194 000 000 meeteer kuuɓtodinɗo (6,9×109 cu ft) tan heddii ko adii nde naatgol timmungol ngol yaltata ina addana ɗum bonnude no feewi. Eɓɓoore ndiyam Lesotho Highlands ina ñammina ndiyam e nder system o e dow doole guubiliiji ina wallita e dokkal ndiyam ɗam yimɓe e nokkuuji gollorɗi Gauteng. Ndiyam ɗam ummortoo ko leydi Lesoto, naata e maayo Liebenbergsvlei e Wilge. Baraas Sterkfontein ina jeyaa e peeje vursugol ndiyam Tugela-Vaal ngam vursugol ndiyam hakkunde-leyzeele ummoraade e maayo Thukela to KwaZulu-Natal ngam waztude tolnooji e nder Siistem maayo Vaal. Ndiyam ummortooɗam e baraas Sterkfontein ina yaltinee so baraas Vaal yanii haa les 16%. Baraas oo ina jogii duunde mum fotde 5 km (3 mi) njuuteendi. Duunde ndee huutortenoo ko no nokku pottital sirlu e laamu apartaayd kono jooni ko ɗoon woni ɗo kawgel ngel waɗata hitaande kala e nder laanaaji diwooje Round the Island, tiitoonde deftere Guinness winndereere, tiitoonde kawgel laanaaji diwooje ɓurngel mawnude e nder leydi.<ref>"Vaal Dam – Attractions – Gauteng Tourism Authority". Archived from the original on 19 December 2010.</ref> Ñalnde 4 lewru Mbooy hitaande 1948 BOAC yaltini laanaaji diwooje Short Solent e dow leydi Angalteer (Southampton) feewde Afrik worgo (Vaaldam).<ref>"Museum History 1940–1950". British Airways Museum. Archived from the original on 27 December 2008. Retrieved 10 July 2009.</ref> Wuro tokooso Deneysville huutortenoo ko nokku ɗo laanaaji diwooje ɓooyɗi BOAC njooɗii. == Pijirlooji ndiyam == Baraas Vaal ko nokku njulaagu karte e liɗɗi ndiyam laaɓɗam. Daande maggal ina heewi jom en liɗɗi e nder hitaande ndee kala. Kewuuji keewɗi e nder dingiral ndiyam ina mbaɗee ɗoo ina heen hitaande kala "Round The Island" kawgel ngel Lake Deneys Yacht Club yuɓɓinta—<ref>"There's much more to LDYC than Sailing". Lake Deneys Yacht Club. Retrieved 10 July 2009.</ref> kawgel ngel wonnoo ko e deftere Guinness ngam wonde "Ɓuri heewde e laanaaji diwooje e nder kawgel ngel e nder winndere nde", ɗo 389 laana ndiwoowa taƴi laawol timmungol ngol Records ngam laanaaji ɓurɗi heewde e kawgel yacht nder leydi. Kewuuji mawɗi keewɗi ina mbaɗa ɗoo ina heen yontere Keelboat e dogdu jetski 200 km to Bayshore, jooni noon ko dogdu ngalu to baraas Bayshore Marina Vaal. Laana ndiwoowa Lake Deneys e Pennant Nine Yacht Club ndenndini yuɓɓinde laana ndiwoowa tawtoraama "Bart's Bash" hakkunde leyɗeele gadano e hitaande 2014 e ɗiɗmere 2015. Diiwanuuji tati ina mbaɗi daande maayo Dam - Free State ɓuri juutde e daande maayo, Mpumalanga ina jogii daande maayo belngo ngo alaa ko bonnata, tawi ɓurngo bonde e woɗɗude ko Gauteng. Baraas oo fuɗɗii ko e hitaande 1939, ina jogii mbaawka 2,536 kiloomeeteer kuuɓtodinɗo (2 056 000 acre⋅ft),<ref name=":0" /> e njaajeendi 320 kiloomeeteer kaaree (120 miil kaaree),<ref name=":0" /> koɗorɗe baraas oo ina njogii 63 meeteer toowɗo (207 ft). Sabu mawnugol weendu nduu ina waɗi caɗeele e ɓuuɓgol, ƴeew Sterkfontein Dam ngam ɓeydaade humpitaade. Deneysville woni wuro ɓurngo mawnude e dow baraas Vaal, ina rokka nokku coggu baraas oo. Ina waɗi 3 clubs yacht e marinaaji ɗiɗi. == Lesdi == Liɗɗi ɓurɗi heewde e damal Vaal ko barbel, karp common, karp mirror, karp huɗo, liɗɗi daneeji tokoosi, liɗɗi daneeji mawɗi e liɗɗi loope.<ref>"Vaal Dam / Vaaldam (FS)". Fishing and Venues in South Africa. favisa. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 26 February 2016.</ref> Geese Ejipt e lapwing njamndi ko colli keewɗi e daande maayo, kadi ko ƴiye Kaspi ina keewi. Flamingo mawɗo oo ko colli ɓuuɓɗi, flamingo tokooso ina tawee e limoore leslesre, kadi ƴiye udditiiɗe ɓutte ina njiyee. Liɗɗi seeɗa ina ngoodi, osprey ina famɗi.<ref>"Registered CWAC Sites: Free State". Coordinated Waterbird Counts. ADU. Retrieved 26 February 2016.</ref> == Tuugnorgal == kct8aogm9mdp2rxulqb435q8wkvzi00 0 42418 175750 2026-06-22T20:05:13Z Nnamadee 11577 Created page with "'''Baras Sterkfontein''', woni ko yaasi wuro Harrismith, e nder Dowlaaji Dentuɗi, e nder diiwaan Afrik worgo, ina jeyaa e eɓɓaande ndiyam Tugela-Vaal e eɓɓaande mooftugol ndiyam Drakensberg, ina woni e dow Nuwejaarspruit, ɓuuɓol maayo Wilge e nder nokku ɓuuɓɗo toowɗo maayo Vaal]2. Ko kañum woni mahdi baraas ɗiɗmiri ɓurndi toowde e nder Afrik worgo e baraas mum ɓurɗo toowde e hebbinde leydi. == Ɓawo == === Tariya === Yaajde faggudu jaawndu e nokku maw..." 175750 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Baras Sterkfontein''', woni ko yaasi wuro Harrismith, e nder Dowlaaji Dentuɗi, e nder diiwaan Afrik worgo, ina jeyaa e eɓɓaande ndiyam Tugela-Vaal e eɓɓaande mooftugol ndiyam Drakensberg, ina woni e dow Nuwejaarspruit, ɓuuɓol maayo Wilge e nder nokku ɓuuɓɗo toowɗo maayo Vaal]2. Ko kañum woni mahdi baraas ɗiɗmiri ɓurndi toowde e nder Afrik worgo e baraas mum ɓurɗo toowde e hebbinde leydi. == Ɓawo == === Tariya === Yaajde faggudu jaawndu e nokku mawɗo Johannesburg e kitaale 1960 e 1970 waɗii ndiyam mum e nder kulhuli juutɗi, ɗum noon fellitii rewrude e ndiyam ummoraade e maayo mawngo Tugela ngo yahrata ko no huutoraaka e nder geec, e mooftude ɗum e nder reservoir mawɗo strateeji ndiyam elowpour very with. Nokku gadano cuɓaaɗo ngam ndee eɓɓaande ko e falnde wonnde bannge worgo maayo Elands. Ko ɗum woni cuɓal ɓurngal yiɗeede to bannge injiniyaaruuji sabu ina waɗi koɗorɗe baraas tokoose. Kono ko juuti hade mahngo fuɗɗaade nokku oo e dow Nuwejaarspruit suɓaama ngam dalillaaji politik sabu ɗum reentinii feccere e ilam Bantustan keso peewnaaɗo mo Qwaqwa to Phuthadichaba. Ina waawi firtude wonde ngalɗoo ngalu ngenndiwal strateeji ina waawi tawa ko e "leydi ngoɗndi" ndi jaɓaaka no yiyraa e yiyannde laamu nguu hannde e oon sahaa. === Mahugo === Pewnugol ngol fuɗɗii ko e hitaande 1969, daawal gadanal ngal fuɗɗii ko e hitaande 1977, ngal waɗi ko 69 meeteruuji (226 ft) toowɗi, njuuteendi mum ko 2 290 meeteruuji (7 510 ft) tawi alaa ko ɓuuɓnata. Caggal nde daawal gadanal ngal joofi, kuulal ngal ƴettaa ngam jokkude ɗoon e ɗoon daawal gadanal ngal, caggal ɗuum ngal ƴettaa e hitaande 1980 haa ngal tolnii e tolno 93 meeteer (305 ft) e njuuteendi ŋorol ngol ko 3 060 meeteer (10 040 ft) e mbaawka jolngo timmungo 66 miliyoŋ meter (61,200). ektaar⋅ft). So nde heewii, nde jogii wertallo ngo ɓuraani 70 km2. Baras yaajɗo oo fuɗɗii golle ko e hitaande 1980, ina jogii mbaawka 2 616 950 meeteer kuuɓtodinɗo (2 121,60 acre⋅ft), tawi njaajeendi mum ko 67,26 kiloomeeteer kaaree tan (25,97 miil kaaree), koɗorɗe baraas oo ina tolnoo e 953 meeteer kaaree (30). Duuɓi mahngo ngoo fof ko duuɓi 11. Ko Departemaa Geɗe Ndiyam ƴetti baraas Sterkfontein oo, mahi ɗum. Baraas oo ɓuri huutoreede ko e kuutoragol nder galleeji e nder gollorɗe e mbaadiiji mum bonɗi ina limtaa to bannge toowɗo (3). === Innde === Baraas oo inniraa ko gooto e gese tawaaɗe e saraaji mahngo mum. Wuro wakkatiyankeewo wonande gollotooɓe mahdi ndii, mahaa ko e ngesa Sterkfontein. Konngol sterkfontein firti ko ndunngu tiiɗngu e ɗemngal Afrik. == Maandolji == === Leydi hebbi dam wall === Wall ko sifaa ɓuuɓol leydi. Koɗorɗe baraas oo ina waɗi 19,8 miliyoŋ meeteer kubik (700×106 cu ft) kaɓirɗe ko ɗum waɗi koɗorɗe baraas ɓurɗe mawnude e nder Afrik worgo to bannge njuuteendi. Reservoir oo ina fawii e koɗorɗe ɗiɗi. Koɗorɗe ɗiɗaɓere ɗee ko 600 meeteer (2 000 ft) njuuteendi, ina waɗi 1,04 miliyoŋ meeteer kuuɓtodinɗo (37×106 ft kuuɓtodinɗo) kaɓirɗe. === Alaa ɓuuɓri === Baraas oo ina seerti e ndiyam ɗam, sibu ko ɓuri heewde e ndiyam ɗam ummotoo ko e diwde ɓuuɓol ummoraade e dow maayo Tugela. So wonaano ɗuum, ndiyam ɗam ina famɗi huutoreede, ina ɓuuɓtoo e nder geec. Baraas oo mahaaka e dow maayo kono e oon sahaa, o woni ko e dow ko waawi siforeede no weendu mawndu nii, e nder dowri toowndi e nder falnde Nuwejaarspruit. Wertallo ndiyam baraas oo ina famɗi laabi tati e nder weeyo ndiyam baraas oo, ɗum noon alaa ko waawi heen wonde so wonaa ilam. Ko ɗum waɗi mahdi dammbugal mawngal ngal alaa haaju e ɓuuɓol. Kala ndiyam toɓo ɓurɗam heewde ina waawi yaltineede e ɓulli mum yaltooji e dow jam. Nafoore ndeeɗoo nokku ko baraas oo ko ɓuuɓol baawngol huutoreede no feewi, sibu ina jogii luggiɗde ngam mooftude ndiyam keewɗam, tawi noon ko seeɗa tan bonnata ɗum e ɓuuɓde. Laana Vaal Dam (reservoir) so en ƴeewtindiima ina jogii wertallo mawngo, ina famɗi no feewi, ko ɗum addanta ɗum ɓeydaade ɓuuɓde. Duuɓi 17 toɓo ina ɗaɓɓi ngam hebbinde baraas oo. Kono nanngude toɓo wonaano anniya teeŋtuɗo caggal ndee eɓɓaande. Nde mahaa ko ngam jaggude ndiyam maayo Tugela, yettina ɗum e nder seŋorde Vaal. === Sifaa mooftirgel ndiyam pompe === m8mcp9vbny4l7kkbhqmkkgibqpi2qcn 175752 175750 2026-06-22T20:07:54Z Nnamadee 11577 175752 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Baras Sterkfontein''', woni ko yaasi wuro Harrismith, e nder Dowlaaji Dentuɗi, e nder diiwaan Afrik worgo, ina jeyaa e eɓɓaande ndiyam Tugela-Vaal e eɓɓaande mooftugol ndiyam Drakensberg, ina woni e dow Nuwejaarspruit, ɓuuɓol maayo Wilge e nder nokku ɓuuɓɗo toowɗo maayo Vaal]2. Ko kañum woni mahdi baraas ɗiɗmiri ɓurndi toowde e nder Afrik worgo e baraas mum ɓurɗo toowde e hebbinde leydi. == Ɓawo == === Tariya === Yaajde faggudu jaawndu e nokku mawɗo Johannesburg e kitaale 1960 e 1970 waɗii ndiyam mum e nder kulhuli juutɗi, ɗum noon fellitii rewrude e ndiyam ummoraade e maayo mawngo Tugela ngo yahrata ko no huutoraaka e nder geec, e mooftude ɗum e nder reservoir mawɗo strateeji ndiyam elowpour very with. Nokku gadano cuɓaaɗo ngam ndee eɓɓaande ko e falnde wonnde bannge worgo maayo Elands. Ko ɗum woni cuɓal ɓurngal yiɗeede to bannge injiniyaaruuji sabu ina waɗi koɗorɗe baraas tokoose. Kono ko juuti hade mahngo fuɗɗaade nokku oo e dow Nuwejaarspruit suɓaama ngam dalillaaji politik sabu ɗum reentinii feccere e ilam Bantustan keso peewnaaɗo mo Qwaqwa to Phuthadichaba. Ina waawi firtude wonde ngalɗoo ngalu ngenndiwal strateeji ina waawi tawa ko e "leydi ngoɗndi" ndi jaɓaaka no yiyraa e yiyannde laamu nguu hannde e oon sahaa. === Mahugo === Pewnugol ngol fuɗɗii ko e hitaande 1969, daawal gadanal ngal fuɗɗii ko e hitaande 1977, ngal waɗi ko 69 meeteruuji (226 ft) toowɗi, njuuteendi mum ko 2 290 meeteruuji (7 510 ft) tawi alaa ko ɓuuɓnata. Caggal nde daawal gadanal ngal joofi, kuulal ngal ƴettaa ngam jokkude ɗoon e ɗoon daawal gadanal ngal, caggal ɗuum ngal ƴettaa e hitaande 1980 haa ngal tolnii e tolno 93 meeteer (305 ft) e njuuteendi ŋorol ngol ko 3 060 meeteer (10 040 ft) e mbaawka jolngo timmungo 66 miliyoŋ meter (61,200). ektaar⋅ft). So nde heewii, nde jogii wertallo ngo ɓuraani 70 km2. Baras yaajɗo oo fuɗɗii golle ko e hitaande 1980, ina jogii mbaawka 2 616 950 meeteer kuuɓtodinɗo (2 121,60 acre⋅ft), tawi njaajeendi mum ko 67,26 kiloomeeteer kaaree tan (25,97 miil kaaree), koɗorɗe baraas oo ina tolnoo e 953 meeteer kaaree (30). Duuɓi mahngo ngoo fof ko duuɓi 11. Ko Departemaa Geɗe Ndiyam ƴetti baraas Sterkfontein oo, mahi ɗum. Baraas oo ɓuri huutoreede ko e kuutoragol nder galleeji e nder gollorɗe e mbaadiiji mum bonɗi ina limtaa to bannge toowɗo (3). === Innde === Baraas oo inniraa ko gooto e gese tawaaɗe e saraaji mahngo mum. Wuro wakkatiyankeewo wonande gollotooɓe mahdi ndii, mahaa ko e ngesa Sterkfontein. Konngol sterkfontein firti ko ndunngu tiiɗngu e ɗemngal Afrik. == Maandolji == === Leydi hebbi dam wall === Wall ko sifaa ɓuuɓol leydi. Koɗorɗe baraas oo ina waɗi 19,8 miliyoŋ meeteer kubik (700×106 cu ft) kaɓirɗe ko ɗum waɗi koɗorɗe baraas ɓurɗe mawnude e nder Afrik worgo to bannge njuuteendi. Reservoir oo ina fawii e koɗorɗe ɗiɗi. Koɗorɗe ɗiɗaɓere ɗee ko 600 meeteer (2 000 ft) njuuteendi, ina waɗi 1,04 miliyoŋ meeteer kuuɓtodinɗo (37×106 ft kuuɓtodinɗo) kaɓirɗe. === Alaa ɓuuɓri === Baraas oo ina seerti e ndiyam ɗam, sibu ko ɓuri heewde e ndiyam ɗam ummotoo ko e diwde ɓuuɓol ummoraade e dow maayo Tugela. So wonaano ɗuum, ndiyam ɗam ina famɗi huutoreede, ina ɓuuɓtoo e nder geec. Baraas oo mahaaka e dow maayo kono e oon sahaa, o woni ko e dow ko waawi siforeede no weendu mawndu nii, e nder dowri toowndi e nder falnde Nuwejaarspruit. Wertallo ndiyam baraas oo ina famɗi laabi tati e nder weeyo ndiyam baraas oo, ɗum noon alaa ko waawi heen wonde so wonaa ilam. Ko ɗum waɗi mahdi dammbugal mawngal ngal alaa haaju e ɓuuɓol. Kala ndiyam toɓo ɓurɗam heewde ina waawi yaltineede e ɓulli mum yaltooji e dow jam. Nafoore ndeeɗoo nokku ko baraas oo ko ɓuuɓol baawngol huutoreede no feewi, sibu ina jogii luggiɗde ngam mooftude ndiyam keewɗam, tawi noon ko seeɗa tan bonnata ɗum e ɓuuɓde. Laana Vaal Dam (reservoir) so en ƴeewtindiima ina jogii wertallo mawngo, ina famɗi no feewi, ko ɗum addanta ɗum ɓeydaade ɓuuɓde. Duuɓi 17 toɓo ina ɗaɓɓi ngam hebbinde baraas oo. Kono nanngude toɓo wonaano anniya teeŋtuɗo caggal ndee eɓɓaande. Nde mahaa ko ngam jaggude ndiyam maayo Tugela, yettina ɗum e nder seŋorde Vaal. === Sifaa mooftirgel ndiyam pompe === Baraas oo ina heɓa ndiyam mum e Eɓɓaande ndiyam Tugela-Vaal nde caggal ɗuum inniraa « Eskeem mooftirgel pompe Drakensberg » ko 1 000 MW mooftirgel ndiyam pompe tawi ina waɗi jolngo laaɓtungo fotde 630 miliyoŋ meeteer kuuɓtodinɗo (510 000 acre⋅ft) ndiyam ummoraade e 1 000 MW. Ɗum ina mooftaa e baraas Sterkfontein, ina yaltinee e baraas Vaal rewrude e maayo Wilge so ina haani. === Dam nder dam === Baraas Driekloof mo woni e nder baraas Sterkfontein, ina hiisee wonde baraas ceertuɗo e ɓuuɓri, tee o naatnaaka e limooje dow ɗee. Ko ɓuri heewde ko baraas nder baraas. Dam Driekloof ko nokku mooftirɗo toowɗo e nder njuɓɓudi mooftirndi pompe Drakensberg. So tawii baraas Sterkfontein ina woɗɗi, reservoir Driekloof ina jogori jogaade ndiyam ngam peeje desorɗe pompiyee ɗee mbaawa golloraade tawa haɗataa ɗum. So baraas Sterkfontein ina heewi doole, baraas Driekloof ina ɓuuɓtoo haa to dow ɓuuɓri mum. === Baraas tataɓo ɓurɗo mawnude e nder Afrik worgo === Ko ɗum woni baraas 3ɓo ɓurɗo mawnude e nder Afrik worgo to bannge mbaawka ndiyam, tee ina ɓura baraas Vaal mawnude seeɗa. * Baraas Gariep ko 5 340 600 MegaL * Baras Vanderkloof ko 3 171 300 MegaL * Baraas Sterkfontein ko 2 616 900 MegaL * Baraas Vaal 2 603 400 MegaL == Nokkuuji reentorɗi == Reservoir naturel dam Sterkfontein ko nokku reenaaɗo, mo dam oo woni.[3] == Galle fotooje == mvz83twmqhhsyfv3ig6tusykj0a9c6b 175753 175752 2026-06-22T20:08:24Z Nnamadee 11577 175753 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Baras Sterkfontein''', woni ko yaasi wuro Harrismith, e nder Dowlaaji Dentuɗi, e nder diiwaan Afrik worgo, ina jeyaa e eɓɓaande ndiyam Tugela-Vaal e eɓɓaande mooftugol ndiyam Drakensberg, ina woni e dow Nuwejaarspruit, ɓuuɓol maayo Wilge e nder nokku ɓuuɓɗo toowɗo maayo Vaal]2. Ko kañum woni mahdi baraas ɗiɗmiri ɓurndi toowde e nder Afrik worgo e baraas mum ɓurɗo toowde e hebbinde leydi. == Ɓawo == === Tariya === Yaajde faggudu jaawndu e nokku mawɗo Johannesburg e kitaale 1960 e 1970 waɗii ndiyam mum e nder kulhuli juutɗi, ɗum noon fellitii rewrude e ndiyam ummoraade e maayo mawngo Tugela ngo yahrata ko no huutoraaka e nder geec, e mooftude ɗum e nder reservoir mawɗo strateeji ndiyam elowpour very with. Nokku gadano cuɓaaɗo ngam ndee eɓɓaande ko e falnde wonnde bannge worgo maayo Elands. Ko ɗum woni cuɓal ɓurngal yiɗeede to bannge injiniyaaruuji sabu ina waɗi koɗorɗe baraas tokoose. Kono ko juuti hade mahngo fuɗɗaade nokku oo e dow Nuwejaarspruit suɓaama ngam dalillaaji politik sabu ɗum reentinii feccere e ilam Bantustan keso peewnaaɗo mo Qwaqwa to Phuthadichaba. Ina waawi firtude wonde ngalɗoo ngalu ngenndiwal strateeji ina waawi tawa ko e "leydi ngoɗndi" ndi jaɓaaka no yiyraa e yiyannde laamu nguu hannde e oon sahaa. === Mahugo === Pewnugol ngol fuɗɗii ko e hitaande 1969, daawal gadanal ngal fuɗɗii ko e hitaande 1977, ngal waɗi ko 69 meeteruuji (226 ft) toowɗi, njuuteendi mum ko 2 290 meeteruuji (7 510 ft) tawi alaa ko ɓuuɓnata. Caggal nde daawal gadanal ngal joofi, kuulal ngal ƴettaa ngam jokkude ɗoon e ɗoon daawal gadanal ngal, caggal ɗuum ngal ƴettaa e hitaande 1980 haa ngal tolnii e tolno 93 meeteer (305 ft) e njuuteendi ŋorol ngol ko 3 060 meeteer (10 040 ft) e mbaawka jolngo timmungo 66 miliyoŋ meter (61,200). ektaar⋅ft). So nde heewii, nde jogii wertallo ngo ɓuraani 70 km2. Baras yaajɗo oo fuɗɗii golle ko e hitaande 1980, ina jogii mbaawka 2 616 950 meeteer kuuɓtodinɗo (2 121,60 acre⋅ft), tawi njaajeendi mum ko 67,26 kiloomeeteer kaaree tan (25,97 miil kaaree), koɗorɗe baraas oo ina tolnoo e 953 meeteer kaaree (30). Duuɓi mahngo ngoo fof ko duuɓi 11. Ko Departemaa Geɗe Ndiyam ƴetti baraas Sterkfontein oo, mahi ɗum. Baraas oo ɓuri huutoreede ko e kuutoragol nder galleeji e nder gollorɗe e mbaadiiji mum bonɗi ina limtaa to bannge toowɗo (3). === Innde === Baraas oo inniraa ko gooto e gese tawaaɗe e saraaji mahngo mum. Wuro wakkatiyankeewo wonande gollotooɓe mahdi ndii, mahaa ko e ngesa Sterkfontein. Konngol sterkfontein firti ko ndunngu tiiɗngu e ɗemngal Afrik. == Maandolji == === Leydi hebbi dam wall === Wall ko sifaa ɓuuɓol leydi. Koɗorɗe baraas oo ina waɗi 19,8 miliyoŋ meeteer kubik (700×106 cu ft) kaɓirɗe ko ɗum waɗi koɗorɗe baraas ɓurɗe mawnude e nder Afrik worgo to bannge njuuteendi. Reservoir oo ina fawii e koɗorɗe ɗiɗi. Koɗorɗe ɗiɗaɓere ɗee ko 600 meeteer (2 000 ft) njuuteendi, ina waɗi 1,04 miliyoŋ meeteer kuuɓtodinɗo (37×106 ft kuuɓtodinɗo) kaɓirɗe. === Alaa ɓuuɓri === Baraas oo ina seerti e ndiyam ɗam, sibu ko ɓuri heewde e ndiyam ɗam ummotoo ko e diwde ɓuuɓol ummoraade e dow maayo Tugela. So wonaano ɗuum, ndiyam ɗam ina famɗi huutoreede, ina ɓuuɓtoo e nder geec. Baraas oo mahaaka e dow maayo kono e oon sahaa, o woni ko e dow ko waawi siforeede no weendu mawndu nii, e nder dowri toowndi e nder falnde Nuwejaarspruit. Wertallo ndiyam baraas oo ina famɗi laabi tati e nder weeyo ndiyam baraas oo, ɗum noon alaa ko waawi heen wonde so wonaa ilam. Ko ɗum waɗi mahdi dammbugal mawngal ngal alaa haaju e ɓuuɓol. Kala ndiyam toɓo ɓurɗam heewde ina waawi yaltineede e ɓulli mum yaltooji e dow jam. Nafoore ndeeɗoo nokku ko baraas oo ko ɓuuɓol baawngol huutoreede no feewi, sibu ina jogii luggiɗde ngam mooftude ndiyam keewɗam, tawi noon ko seeɗa tan bonnata ɗum e ɓuuɓde. Laana Vaal Dam (reservoir) so en ƴeewtindiima ina jogii wertallo mawngo, ina famɗi no feewi, ko ɗum addanta ɗum ɓeydaade ɓuuɓde. Duuɓi 17 toɓo ina ɗaɓɓi ngam hebbinde baraas oo. Kono nanngude toɓo wonaano anniya teeŋtuɗo caggal ndee eɓɓaande. Nde mahaa ko ngam jaggude ndiyam maayo Tugela, yettina ɗum e nder seŋorde Vaal. === Sifaa mooftirgel ndiyam pompe === Baraas oo ina heɓa ndiyam mum e Eɓɓaande ndiyam Tugela-Vaal nde caggal ɗuum inniraa « Eskeem mooftirgel pompe Drakensberg » ko 1 000 MW mooftirgel ndiyam pompe tawi ina waɗi jolngo laaɓtungo fotde 630 miliyoŋ meeteer kuuɓtodinɗo (510 000 acre⋅ft) ndiyam ummoraade e 1 000 MW. Ɗum ina mooftaa e baraas Sterkfontein, ina yaltinee e baraas Vaal rewrude e maayo Wilge so ina haani. === Dam nder dam === Baraas Driekloof mo woni e nder baraas Sterkfontein, ina hiisee wonde baraas ceertuɗo e ɓuuɓri, tee o naatnaaka e limooje dow ɗee. Ko ɓuri heewde ko baraas nder baraas. Dam Driekloof ko nokku mooftirɗo toowɗo e nder njuɓɓudi mooftirndi pompe Drakensberg. So tawii baraas Sterkfontein ina woɗɗi, reservoir Driekloof ina jogori jogaade ndiyam ngam peeje desorɗe pompiyee ɗee mbaawa golloraade tawa haɗataa ɗum. So baraas Sterkfontein ina heewi doole, baraas Driekloof ina ɓuuɓtoo haa to dow ɓuuɓri mum. === Baraas tataɓo ɓurɗo mawnude e nder Afrik worgo === Ko ɗum woni baraas 3ɓo ɓurɗo mawnude e nder Afrik worgo to bannge mbaawka ndiyam, tee ina ɓura baraas Vaal mawnude seeɗa. * Baraas Gariep ko 5 340 600 MegaL * Baras Vanderkloof ko 3 171 300 MegaL * Baraas Sterkfontein ko 2 616 900 MegaL * Baraas Vaal 2 603 400 MegaL == Nokkuuji reentorɗi == Reservoir naturel dam Sterkfontein ko nokku reenaaɗo, mo dam oo woni.[3] == Galle fotooje == ons3xf9lefnd49q463mgb8qcvih4iix 175754 175753 2026-06-22T20:10:03Z Nnamadee 11577 175754 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Baras Sterkfontein''', woni ko yaasi wuro Harrismith, e nder Dowlaaji Dentuɗi, e nder diiwaan Afrik worgo, ina jeyaa e eɓɓaande ndiyam Tugela-Vaal e eɓɓaande mooftugol ndiyam Drakensberg, ina woni e dow Nuwejaarspruit, ɓuuɓol maayo Wilge e nder nokku ɓuuɓɗo toowɗo maayo Vaal]2. Ko kañum woni mahdi baraas ɗiɗmiri ɓurndi toowde e nder Afrik worgo e baraas mum ɓurɗo toowde e hebbinde leydi. == Ɓawo == === Tariya === Yaajde faggudu jaawndu e nokku mawɗo Johannesburg e kitaale 1960 e 1970 waɗii ndiyam mum e nder kulhuli juutɗi, ɗum noon fellitii rewrude e ndiyam ummoraade e maayo mawngo Tugela ngo yahrata ko no huutoraaka e nder geec, e mooftude ɗum e nder reservoir mawɗo strateeji ndiyam elowpour very with. Nokku gadano cuɓaaɗo ngam ndee eɓɓaande ko e falnde wonnde bannge worgo maayo Elands. Ko ɗum woni cuɓal ɓurngal yiɗeede to bannge injiniyaaruuji sabu ina waɗi koɗorɗe baraas tokoose. Kono ko juuti hade mahngo fuɗɗaade nokku oo e dow Nuwejaarspruit suɓaama ngam dalillaaji politik sabu ɗum reentinii feccere e ilam Bantustan keso peewnaaɗo mo Qwaqwa to Phuthadichaba. Ina waawi firtude wonde ngalɗoo ngalu ngenndiwal strateeji ina waawi tawa ko e "leydi ngoɗndi" ndi jaɓaaka no yiyraa e yiyannde laamu nguu hannde e oon sahaa. === Mahugo === Pewnugol ngol fuɗɗii ko e hitaande 1969, daawal gadanal ngal fuɗɗii ko e hitaande 1977, ngal waɗi ko 69 meeteruuji (226 ft) toowɗi, njuuteendi mum ko 2 290 meeteruuji (7 510 ft) tawi alaa ko ɓuuɓnata. Caggal nde daawal gadanal ngal joofi, kuulal ngal ƴettaa ngam jokkude ɗoon e ɗoon daawal gadanal ngal, caggal ɗuum ngal ƴettaa e hitaande 1980 haa ngal tolnii e tolno 93 meeteer (305 ft) e njuuteendi ŋorol ngol ko 3 060 meeteer (10 040 ft) e mbaawka jolngo timmungo 66 miliyoŋ meter (61,200). ektaar⋅ft). So nde heewii, nde jogii wertallo ngo ɓuraani 70 km2. Baras yaajɗo oo fuɗɗii golle ko e hitaande 1980, ina jogii mbaawka 2 616 950 meeteer kuuɓtodinɗo (2 121,60 acre⋅ft), tawi njaajeendi mum ko 67,26 kiloomeeteer kaaree tan (25,97 miil kaaree), koɗorɗe baraas oo ina tolnoo e 953 meeteer kaaree (30). Duuɓi mahngo ngoo fof ko duuɓi 11. Ko Departemaa Geɗe Ndiyam ƴetti baraas Sterkfontein oo, mahi ɗum. Baraas oo ɓuri huutoreede ko e kuutoragol nder galleeji e nder gollorɗe e mbaadiiji mum bonɗi ina limtaa to bannge toowɗo (3). === Innde === Baraas oo inniraa ko gooto e gese tawaaɗe e saraaji mahngo mum. Wuro wakkatiyankeewo wonande gollotooɓe mahdi ndii, mahaa ko e ngesa Sterkfontein. Konngol sterkfontein firti ko ndunngu tiiɗngu e ɗemngal Afrik. == Maandolji == === Leydi hebbi dam wall === Wall ko sifaa ɓuuɓol leydi. Koɗorɗe baraas oo ina waɗi 19,8 miliyoŋ meeteer kubik (700×106 cu ft) kaɓirɗe ko ɗum waɗi koɗorɗe baraas ɓurɗe mawnude e nder Afrik worgo to bannge njuuteendi. Reservoir oo ina fawii e koɗorɗe ɗiɗi. Koɗorɗe ɗiɗaɓere ɗee ko 600 meeteer (2 000 ft) njuuteendi, ina waɗi 1,04 miliyoŋ meeteer kuuɓtodinɗo (37×106 ft kuuɓtodinɗo) kaɓirɗe. === Alaa ɓuuɓri === Baraas oo ina seerti e ndiyam ɗam, sibu ko ɓuri heewde e ndiyam ɗam ummotoo ko e diwde ɓuuɓol ummoraade e dow maayo Tugela. So wonaano ɗuum, ndiyam ɗam ina famɗi huutoreede, ina ɓuuɓtoo e nder geec. Baraas oo mahaaka e dow maayo kono e oon sahaa, o woni ko e dow ko waawi siforeede no weendu mawndu nii, e nder dowri toowndi e nder falnde Nuwejaarspruit. Wertallo ndiyam baraas oo ina famɗi laabi tati e nder weeyo ndiyam baraas oo, ɗum noon alaa ko waawi heen wonde so wonaa ilam. Ko ɗum waɗi mahdi dammbugal mawngal ngal alaa haaju e ɓuuɓol. Kala ndiyam toɓo ɓurɗam heewde ina waawi yaltineede e ɓulli mum yaltooji e dow jam. Nafoore ndeeɗoo nokku ko baraas oo ko ɓuuɓol baawngol huutoreede no feewi, sibu ina jogii luggiɗde ngam mooftude ndiyam keewɗam, tawi noon ko seeɗa tan bonnata ɗum e ɓuuɓde. Laana Vaal Dam (reservoir) so en ƴeewtindiima ina jogii wertallo mawngo, ina famɗi no feewi, ko ɗum addanta ɗum ɓeydaade ɓuuɓde. Duuɓi 17 toɓo ina ɗaɓɓi ngam hebbinde baraas oo. Kono nanngude toɓo wonaano anniya teeŋtuɗo caggal ndee eɓɓaande. Nde mahaa ko ngam jaggude ndiyam maayo Tugela, yettina ɗum e nder seŋorde Vaal. === Sifaa mooftirgel ndiyam pompe === Baraas oo ina heɓa ndiyam mum e Eɓɓaande ndiyam Tugela-Vaal nde caggal ɗuum inniraa « Eskeem mooftirgel pompe Drakensberg » ko 1 000 MW mooftirgel ndiyam pompe tawi ina waɗi jolngo laaɓtungo fotde 630 miliyoŋ meeteer kuuɓtodinɗo (510 000 acre⋅ft) ndiyam ummoraade e 1 000 MW. Ɗum ina mooftaa e baraas Sterkfontein, ina yaltinee e baraas Vaal rewrude e maayo Wilge so ina haani. === Dam nder dam === Baraas Driekloof mo woni e nder baraas Sterkfontein, ina hiisee wonde baraas ceertuɗo e ɓuuɓri, tee o naatnaaka e limooje dow ɗee. Ko ɓuri heewde ko baraas nder baraas. Dam Driekloof ko nokku mooftirɗo toowɗo e nder njuɓɓudi mooftirndi pompe Drakensberg. So tawii baraas Sterkfontein ina woɗɗi, reservoir Driekloof ina jogori jogaade ndiyam ngam peeje desorɗe pompiyee ɗee mbaawa golloraade tawa haɗataa ɗum. So baraas Sterkfontein ina heewi doole, baraas Driekloof ina ɓuuɓtoo haa to dow ɓuuɓri mum. === Baraas tataɓo ɓurɗo mawnude e nder Afrik worgo === Ko ɗum woni baraas 3ɓo ɓurɗo mawnude e nder Afrik worgo to bannge mbaawka ndiyam, tee ina ɓura baraas Vaal mawnude seeɗa. * Baraas Gariep ko 5 340 600 MegaL * Baras Vanderkloof ko 3 171 300 MegaL * Baraas Sterkfontein ko 2 616 900 MegaL * Baraas Vaal 2 603 400 MegaL == Nokkuuji reentorɗi == Reservoir naturel dam Sterkfontein ko nokku reenaaɗo, mo dam oo woni.[3] == Galle fotooje == Reservoir naturel dam Sterkfontein ko nokku reenaaɗo, mo dam oo woni.[3] 7dyr8ab0e3yjn2mfs9wnrcyaj3ghepp 175756 175754 2026-06-22T20:11:04Z Nnamadee 11577 175756 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Baras Sterkfontein''', woni ko yaasi wuro Harrismith, e nder Dowlaaji Dentuɗi, e nder diiwaan Afrik worgo, ina jeyaa e eɓɓaande ndiyam Tugela-Vaal e eɓɓaande mooftugol ndiyam Drakensberg, ina woni e dow Nuwejaarspruit, ɓuuɓol maayo Wilge e nder nokku ɓuuɓɗo toowɗo maayo Vaal]2. Ko kañum woni mahdi baraas ɗiɗmiri ɓurndi toowde e nder Afrik worgo e baraas mum ɓurɗo toowde e hebbinde leydi. == Ɓawo == === Tariya === Yaajde faggudu jaawndu e nokku mawɗo Johannesburg e kitaale 1960 e 1970 waɗii ndiyam mum e nder kulhuli juutɗi, ɗum noon fellitii rewrude e ndiyam ummoraade e maayo mawngo Tugela ngo yahrata ko no huutoraaka e nder geec, e mooftude ɗum e nder reservoir mawɗo strateeji ndiyam elowpour very with. Nokku gadano cuɓaaɗo ngam ndee eɓɓaande ko e falnde wonnde bannge worgo maayo Elands. Ko ɗum woni cuɓal ɓurngal yiɗeede to bannge injiniyaaruuji sabu ina waɗi koɗorɗe baraas tokoose. Kono ko juuti hade mahngo fuɗɗaade nokku oo e dow Nuwejaarspruit suɓaama ngam dalillaaji politik sabu ɗum reentinii feccere e ilam Bantustan keso peewnaaɗo mo Qwaqwa to Phuthadichaba. Ina waawi firtude wonde ngalɗoo ngalu ngenndiwal strateeji ina waawi tawa ko e "leydi ngoɗndi" ndi jaɓaaka no yiyraa e yiyannde laamu nguu hannde e oon sahaa. === Mahugo === Pewnugol ngol fuɗɗii ko e hitaande 1969, daawal gadanal ngal fuɗɗii ko e hitaande 1977, ngal waɗi ko 69 meeteruuji (226 ft) toowɗi, njuuteendi mum ko 2 290 meeteruuji (7 510 ft) tawi alaa ko ɓuuɓnata. Caggal nde daawal gadanal ngal joofi, kuulal ngal ƴettaa ngam jokkude ɗoon e ɗoon daawal gadanal ngal, caggal ɗuum ngal ƴettaa e hitaande 1980 haa ngal tolnii e tolno 93 meeteer (305 ft) e njuuteendi ŋorol ngol ko 3 060 meeteer (10 040 ft) e mbaawka jolngo timmungo 66 miliyoŋ meter (61,200). ektaar⋅ft). So nde heewii, nde jogii wertallo ngo ɓuraani 70 km2. Baras yaajɗo oo fuɗɗii golle ko e hitaande 1980, ina jogii mbaawka 2 616 950 meeteer kuuɓtodinɗo (2 121,60 acre⋅ft), tawi njaajeendi mum ko 67,26 kiloomeeteer kaaree tan (25,97 miil kaaree), koɗorɗe baraas oo ina tolnoo e 953 meeteer kaaree (30). Duuɓi mahngo ngoo fof ko duuɓi 11. Ko Departemaa Geɗe Ndiyam ƴetti baraas Sterkfontein oo, mahi ɗum. Baraas oo ɓuri huutoreede ko e kuutoragol nder galleeji e nder gollorɗe e mbaadiiji mum bonɗi ina limtaa to bannge toowɗo (3). === Innde === Baraas oo inniraa ko gooto e gese tawaaɗe e saraaji mahngo mum. Wuro wakkatiyankeewo wonande gollotooɓe mahdi ndii, mahaa ko e ngesa Sterkfontein. Konngol sterkfontein firti ko ndunngu tiiɗngu e ɗemngal Afrik. == Maandolji == === Leydi hebbi dam wall === Wall ko sifaa ɓuuɓol leydi. Koɗorɗe baraas oo ina waɗi 19,8 miliyoŋ meeteer kubik (700×106 cu ft) kaɓirɗe ko ɗum waɗi koɗorɗe baraas ɓurɗe mawnude e nder Afrik worgo to bannge njuuteendi. Reservoir oo ina fawii e koɗorɗe ɗiɗi. Koɗorɗe ɗiɗaɓere ɗee ko 600 meeteer (2 000 ft) njuuteendi, ina waɗi 1,04 miliyoŋ meeteer kuuɓtodinɗo (37×106 ft kuuɓtodinɗo) kaɓirɗe. === Alaa ɓuuɓri === Baraas oo ina seerti e ndiyam ɗam, sibu ko ɓuri heewde e ndiyam ɗam ummotoo ko e diwde ɓuuɓol ummoraade e dow maayo Tugela. So wonaano ɗuum, ndiyam ɗam ina famɗi huutoreede, ina ɓuuɓtoo e nder geec. Baraas oo mahaaka e dow maayo kono e oon sahaa, o woni ko e dow ko waawi siforeede no weendu mawndu nii, e nder dowri toowndi e nder falnde Nuwejaarspruit. Wertallo ndiyam baraas oo ina famɗi laabi tati e nder weeyo ndiyam baraas oo, ɗum noon alaa ko waawi heen wonde so wonaa ilam. Ko ɗum waɗi mahdi dammbugal mawngal ngal alaa haaju e ɓuuɓol. Kala ndiyam toɓo ɓurɗam heewde ina waawi yaltineede e ɓulli mum yaltooji e dow jam. Nafoore ndeeɗoo nokku ko baraas oo ko ɓuuɓol baawngol huutoreede no feewi, sibu ina jogii luggiɗde ngam mooftude ndiyam keewɗam, tawi noon ko seeɗa tan bonnata ɗum e ɓuuɓde. Laana Vaal Dam (reservoir) so en ƴeewtindiima ina jogii wertallo mawngo, ina famɗi no feewi, ko ɗum addanta ɗum ɓeydaade ɓuuɓde. Duuɓi 17 toɓo ina ɗaɓɓi ngam hebbinde baraas oo. Kono nanngude toɓo wonaano anniya teeŋtuɗo caggal ndee eɓɓaande. Nde mahaa ko ngam jaggude ndiyam maayo Tugela, yettina ɗum e nder seŋorde Vaal. === Sifaa mooftirgel ndiyam pompe === Baraas oo ina heɓa ndiyam mum e Eɓɓaande ndiyam Tugela-Vaal nde caggal ɗuum inniraa « Eskeem mooftirgel pompe Drakensberg » ko 1 000 MW mooftirgel ndiyam pompe tawi ina waɗi jolngo laaɓtungo fotde 630 miliyoŋ meeteer kuuɓtodinɗo (510 000 acre⋅ft) ndiyam ummoraade e 1 000 MW. Ɗum ina mooftaa e baraas Sterkfontein, ina yaltinee e baraas Vaal rewrude e maayo Wilge so ina haani. === Dam nder dam === Baraas Driekloof mo woni e nder baraas Sterkfontein, ina hiisee wonde baraas ceertuɗo e ɓuuɓri, tee o naatnaaka e limooje dow ɗee. Ko ɓuri heewde ko baraas nder baraas. Dam Driekloof ko nokku mooftirɗo toowɗo e nder njuɓɓudi mooftirndi pompe Drakensberg. So tawii baraas Sterkfontein ina woɗɗi, reservoir Driekloof ina jogori jogaade ndiyam ngam peeje desorɗe pompiyee ɗee mbaawa golloraade tawa haɗataa ɗum. So baraas Sterkfontein ina heewi doole, baraas Driekloof ina ɓuuɓtoo haa to dow ɓuuɓri mum. === Baraas tataɓo ɓurɗo mawnude e nder Afrik worgo === Ko ɗum woni baraas 3ɓo ɓurɗo mawnude e nder Afrik worgo to bannge mbaawka ndiyam, tee ina ɓura baraas Vaal mawnude seeɗa. * Baraas Gariep ko 5 340 600 MegaL * Baras Vanderkloof ko 3 171 300 MegaL * Baraas Sterkfontein ko 2 616 900 MegaL * Baraas Vaal 2 603 400 MegaL == Nokkuuji reentorɗi == Reservoir naturel dam Sterkfontein ko nokku reenaaɗo, mo dam oo woni.[3] == Galle fotooje == Reservoir naturel dam Sterkfontein ko nokku reenaaɗo, mo dam oo woni.[3] <gallery> File:Sterkfontein Dam 1st phase artist impression.jpg|Artist's impression of the 1st phase of the Sterkfontein Dam. The final wall was raised to the level of the valve control room at the top of the concrete tower. File:Sterkfontein Dam basin.jpg|A view of the dam basin prior to being covered by water File:Sterkfonteindaminfo1.JPG|The first of three information boards posted at a vehicle rest area overlooking the reservoir just off the R74 File:Sterkfonteindaminfo2.JPG|The second information board File:Sterkfonteindaminfo3.JPG|The third information board File:Sterkfonteindamcampsite.JPG|A campsite with chalets at the water's edge. Note the dry conditions (conducive to bush fires) in the wintertime. File:Sterkfontein Dam camping area.JPG|Camping area at the water's edge File:Sterkfontein Dam Earth Wall.jpg|The earth wall on the eastern side of the Sterkfontein Dam File:Earth fill loading D5 Aug 72.jpg|Earth moving equipment dumping fill from the borrow pits for the wall of Sterkfontein Dam. August 1972. File:Sterkfontein Dam workshops.jpg|The site workshops for Sterkfontein Dam. The area below the site office is now underwater. File:Sterkfontein Dam construction village.jpg|The construction village at Sterkfontein Dam, 1973 File:Sterkfontein Dam site office.jpg|The Department of Water Affairs site office. Sterkfontein Dam, 1972. File:Sterkfontein Dam wall construction.jpg|A view of the dam wall of Sterkfontein Dam during construction. In the foreground is resident Engineer David Bell. File:Sterkfontein Dam RE.jpg|David Bell the Resident Engineer of Sterkfontein Dam explaining the works to a journalist, circa 1974 </gallery> t9w23hld7520xi8eshkekn3c7wmd87p 175758 175756 2026-06-22T20:11:43Z Nnamadee 11577 175758 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Baras Sterkfontein''', woni ko yaasi wuro Harrismith, e nder Dowlaaji Dentuɗi, e nder diiwaan Afrik worgo, ina jeyaa e eɓɓaande ndiyam Tugela-Vaal e eɓɓaande mooftugol ndiyam Drakensberg, ina woni e dow Nuwejaarspruit, ɓuuɓol maayo Wilge e nder nokku ɓuuɓɗo toowɗo maayo Vaal]2. Ko kañum woni mahdi baraas ɗiɗmiri ɓurndi toowde e nder Afrik worgo e baraas mum ɓurɗo toowde e hebbinde leydi. == Ɓawo == === Tariya === Yaajde faggudu jaawndu e nokku mawɗo Johannesburg e kitaale 1960 e 1970 waɗii ndiyam mum e nder kulhuli juutɗi, ɗum noon fellitii rewrude e ndiyam ummoraade e maayo mawngo Tugela ngo yahrata ko no huutoraaka e nder geec, e mooftude ɗum e nder reservoir mawɗo strateeji ndiyam elowpour very with. Nokku gadano cuɓaaɗo ngam ndee eɓɓaande ko e falnde wonnde bannge worgo maayo Elands. Ko ɗum woni cuɓal ɓurngal yiɗeede to bannge injiniyaaruuji sabu ina waɗi koɗorɗe baraas tokoose. Kono ko juuti hade mahngo fuɗɗaade nokku oo e dow Nuwejaarspruit suɓaama ngam dalillaaji politik sabu ɗum reentinii feccere e ilam Bantustan keso peewnaaɗo mo Qwaqwa to Phuthadichaba. Ina waawi firtude wonde ngalɗoo ngalu ngenndiwal strateeji ina waawi tawa ko e "leydi ngoɗndi" ndi jaɓaaka no yiyraa e yiyannde laamu nguu hannde e oon sahaa. === Mahugo === Pewnugol ngol fuɗɗii ko e hitaande 1969, daawal gadanal ngal fuɗɗii ko e hitaande 1977, ngal waɗi ko 69 meeteruuji (226 ft) toowɗi, njuuteendi mum ko 2 290 meeteruuji (7 510 ft) tawi alaa ko ɓuuɓnata. Caggal nde daawal gadanal ngal joofi, kuulal ngal ƴettaa ngam jokkude ɗoon e ɗoon daawal gadanal ngal, caggal ɗuum ngal ƴettaa e hitaande 1980 haa ngal tolnii e tolno 93 meeteer (305 ft) e njuuteendi ŋorol ngol ko 3 060 meeteer (10 040 ft) e mbaawka jolngo timmungo 66 miliyoŋ meter (61,200). ektaar⋅ft). So nde heewii, nde jogii wertallo ngo ɓuraani 70 km2. Baras yaajɗo oo fuɗɗii golle ko e hitaande 1980, ina jogii mbaawka 2 616 950 meeteer kuuɓtodinɗo (2 121,60 acre⋅ft), tawi njaajeendi mum ko 67,26 kiloomeeteer kaaree tan (25,97 miil kaaree), koɗorɗe baraas oo ina tolnoo e 953 meeteer kaaree (30). Duuɓi mahngo ngoo fof ko duuɓi 11. Ko Departemaa Geɗe Ndiyam ƴetti baraas Sterkfontein oo, mahi ɗum. Baraas oo ɓuri huutoreede ko e kuutoragol nder galleeji e nder gollorɗe e mbaadiiji mum bonɗi ina limtaa to bannge toowɗo (3). === Innde === Baraas oo inniraa ko gooto e gese tawaaɗe e saraaji mahngo mum. Wuro wakkatiyankeewo wonande gollotooɓe mahdi ndii, mahaa ko e ngesa Sterkfontein. Konngol sterkfontein firti ko ndunngu tiiɗngu e ɗemngal Afrik. == Maandolji == === Leydi hebbi dam wall === Wall ko sifaa ɓuuɓol leydi. Koɗorɗe baraas oo ina waɗi 19,8 miliyoŋ meeteer kubik (700×106 cu ft) kaɓirɗe ko ɗum waɗi koɗorɗe baraas ɓurɗe mawnude e nder Afrik worgo to bannge njuuteendi. Reservoir oo ina fawii e koɗorɗe ɗiɗi. Koɗorɗe ɗiɗaɓere ɗee ko 600 meeteer (2 000 ft) njuuteendi, ina waɗi 1,04 miliyoŋ meeteer kuuɓtodinɗo (37×106 ft kuuɓtodinɗo) kaɓirɗe. === Alaa ɓuuɓri === Baraas oo ina seerti e ndiyam ɗam, sibu ko ɓuri heewde e ndiyam ɗam ummotoo ko e diwde ɓuuɓol ummoraade e dow maayo Tugela. So wonaano ɗuum, ndiyam ɗam ina famɗi huutoreede, ina ɓuuɓtoo e nder geec. Baraas oo mahaaka e dow maayo kono e oon sahaa, o woni ko e dow ko waawi siforeede no weendu mawndu nii, e nder dowri toowndi e nder falnde Nuwejaarspruit. Wertallo ndiyam baraas oo ina famɗi laabi tati e nder weeyo ndiyam baraas oo, ɗum noon alaa ko waawi heen wonde so wonaa ilam. Ko ɗum waɗi mahdi dammbugal mawngal ngal alaa haaju e ɓuuɓol. Kala ndiyam toɓo ɓurɗam heewde ina waawi yaltineede e ɓulli mum yaltooji e dow jam. Nafoore ndeeɗoo nokku ko baraas oo ko ɓuuɓol baawngol huutoreede no feewi, sibu ina jogii luggiɗde ngam mooftude ndiyam keewɗam, tawi noon ko seeɗa tan bonnata ɗum e ɓuuɓde. Laana Vaal Dam (reservoir) so en ƴeewtindiima ina jogii wertallo mawngo, ina famɗi no feewi, ko ɗum addanta ɗum ɓeydaade ɓuuɓde. Duuɓi 17 toɓo ina ɗaɓɓi ngam hebbinde baraas oo. Kono nanngude toɓo wonaano anniya teeŋtuɗo caggal ndee eɓɓaande. Nde mahaa ko ngam jaggude ndiyam maayo Tugela, yettina ɗum e nder seŋorde Vaal. === Sifaa mooftirgel ndiyam pompe === Baraas oo ina heɓa ndiyam mum e Eɓɓaande ndiyam Tugela-Vaal nde caggal ɗuum inniraa « Eskeem mooftirgel pompe Drakensberg » ko 1 000 MW mooftirgel ndiyam pompe tawi ina waɗi jolngo laaɓtungo fotde 630 miliyoŋ meeteer kuuɓtodinɗo (510 000 acre⋅ft) ndiyam ummoraade e 1 000 MW. Ɗum ina mooftaa e baraas Sterkfontein, ina yaltinee e baraas Vaal rewrude e maayo Wilge so ina haani. === Dam nder dam === Baraas Driekloof mo woni e nder baraas Sterkfontein, ina hiisee wonde baraas ceertuɗo e ɓuuɓri, tee o naatnaaka e limooje dow ɗee. Ko ɓuri heewde ko baraas nder baraas. Dam Driekloof ko nokku mooftirɗo toowɗo e nder njuɓɓudi mooftirndi pompe Drakensberg. So tawii baraas Sterkfontein ina woɗɗi, reservoir Driekloof ina jogori jogaade ndiyam ngam peeje desorɗe pompiyee ɗee mbaawa golloraade tawa haɗataa ɗum. So baraas Sterkfontein ina heewi doole, baraas Driekloof ina ɓuuɓtoo haa to dow ɓuuɓri mum. === Baraas tataɓo ɓurɗo mawnude e nder Afrik worgo === Ko ɗum woni baraas 3ɓo ɓurɗo mawnude e nder Afrik worgo to bannge mbaawka ndiyam, tee ina ɓura baraas Vaal mawnude seeɗa. * Baraas Gariep ko 5 340 600 MegaL * Baras Vanderkloof ko 3 171 300 MegaL * Baraas Sterkfontein ko 2 616 900 MegaL * Baraas Vaal 2 603 400 MegaL == Nokkuuji reentorɗi == Reservoir naturel dam Sterkfontein ko nokku reenaaɗo, mo dam oo woni.[3] == Galle fotooje == Reservoir naturel dam Sterkfontein ko nokku reenaaɗo, mo dam oo woni.[3] <gallery> File:Sterkfontein Dam 1st phase artist impression.jpg|Artist's impression of the 1st phase of the Sterkfontein Dam. The final wall was raised to the level of the valve control room at the top of the concrete tower. File:Sterkfontein Dam basin.jpg|A view of the dam basin prior to being covered by water File:Sterkfonteindaminfo1.JPG|The first of three information boards posted at a vehicle rest area overlooking the reservoir just off the R74 File:Sterkfonteindaminfo2.JPG|The second information board File:Sterkfonteindaminfo3.JPG|The third information board File:Sterkfonteindamcampsite.JPG|A campsite with chalets at the water's edge. Note the dry conditions (conducive to bush fires) in the wintertime. File:Sterkfontein Dam camping area.JPG|Camping area at the water's edge File:Sterkfontein Dam Earth Wall.jpg|The earth wall on the eastern side of the Sterkfontein Dam File:Earth fill loading D5 Aug 72.jpg|Earth moving equipment dumping fill from the borrow pits for the wall of Sterkfontein Dam. August 1972. File:Sterkfontein Dam workshops.jpg|The site workshops for Sterkfontein Dam. The area below the site office is now underwater. File:Sterkfontein Dam construction village.jpg|The construction village at Sterkfontein Dam, 1973 File:Sterkfontein Dam site office.jpg|The Department of Water Affairs site office. Sterkfontein Dam, 1972. File:Sterkfontein Dam wall construction.jpg|A view of the dam wall of Sterkfontein Dam during construction. In the foreground is resident Engineer David Bell. File:Sterkfontein Dam RE.jpg|David Bell the Resident Engineer of Sterkfontein Dam explaining the works to a journalist, circa 1974 </gallery> == Tuugnorgal == rjvph7whc4gj5l4s1s74fwzc76e8lul 175759 175758 2026-06-22T20:12:34Z Nnamadee 11577 175759 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Baras Sterkfontein''', woni ko yaasi wuro Harrismith, e nder Dowlaaji Dentuɗi, e nder diiwaan Afrik worgo, ina jeyaa e eɓɓaande ndiyam Tugela-Vaal e eɓɓaande mooftugol ndiyam Drakensberg, ina woni e dow Nuwejaarspruit, ɓuuɓol maayo Wilge e nder nokku ɓuuɓɗo toowɗo maayo Vaa<ref>Upper Vaal WMA 8</ref>. Ko kañum woni mahdi baraas ɗiɗmiri ɓurndi toowde e nder Afrik worgo e baraas mum ɓurɗo toowde e hebbinde leydi. == Ɓawo == === Tariya === Yaajde faggudu jaawndu e nokku mawɗo Johannesburg e kitaale 1960 e 1970 waɗii ndiyam mum e nder kulhuli juutɗi, ɗum noon fellitii rewrude e ndiyam ummoraade e maayo mawngo Tugela ngo yahrata ko no huutoraaka e nder geec, e mooftude ɗum e nder reservoir mawɗo strateeji ndiyam elowpour very with. Nokku gadano cuɓaaɗo ngam ndee eɓɓaande ko e falnde wonnde bannge worgo maayo Elands. Ko ɗum woni cuɓal ɓurngal yiɗeede to bannge injiniyaaruuji sabu ina waɗi koɗorɗe baraas tokoose. Kono ko juuti hade mahngo fuɗɗaade nokku oo e dow Nuwejaarspruit suɓaama ngam dalillaaji politik sabu ɗum reentinii feccere e ilam Bantustan keso peewnaaɗo mo Qwaqwa to Phuthadichaba. Ina waawi firtude wonde ngalɗoo ngalu ngenndiwal strateeji ina waawi tawa ko e "leydi ngoɗndi" ndi jaɓaaka no yiyraa e yiyannde laamu nguu hannde e oon sahaa. === Mahugo === Pewnugol ngol fuɗɗii ko e hitaande 1969, daawal gadanal ngal fuɗɗii ko e hitaande 1977, ngal waɗi ko 69 meeteruuji (226 ft) toowɗi, njuuteendi mum ko 2 290 meeteruuji (7 510 ft) tawi alaa ko ɓuuɓnata. Caggal nde daawal gadanal ngal joofi, kuulal ngal ƴettaa ngam jokkude ɗoon e ɗoon daawal gadanal ngal, caggal ɗuum ngal ƴettaa e hitaande 1980 haa ngal tolnii e tolno 93 meeteer (305 ft) e njuuteendi ŋorol ngol ko 3 060 meeteer (10 040 ft) e mbaawka jolngo timmungo 66 miliyoŋ meter (61,200). ektaar⋅ft). So nde heewii, nde jogii wertallo ngo ɓuraani 70 km2. Baras yaajɗo oo fuɗɗii golle ko e hitaande 1980, ina jogii mbaawka 2 616 950 meeteer kuuɓtodinɗo (2 121,60 acre⋅ft), tawi njaajeendi mum ko 67,26 kiloomeeteer kaaree tan (25,97 miil kaaree), koɗorɗe baraas oo ina tolnoo e 953 meeteer kaaree (30). Duuɓi mahngo ngoo fof ko duuɓi 11. Ko Departemaa Geɗe Ndiyam ƴetti baraas Sterkfontein oo, mahi ɗum. Baraas oo ɓuri huutoreede ko e kuutoragol nder galleeji e nder gollorɗe e mbaadiiji mum bonɗi ina limtaa to bannge toowɗo (3). === Innde === Baraas oo inniraa ko gooto e gese tawaaɗe e saraaji mahngo mum. Wuro wakkatiyankeewo wonande gollotooɓe mahdi ndii, mahaa ko e ngesa Sterkfontein. Konngol sterkfontein firti ko ndunngu tiiɗngu e ɗemngal Afrik. == Maandolji == === Leydi hebbi dam wall === Wall ko sifaa ɓuuɓol leydi. Koɗorɗe baraas oo ina waɗi 19,8 miliyoŋ meeteer kubik (700×106 cu ft) kaɓirɗe ko ɗum waɗi koɗorɗe baraas ɓurɗe mawnude e nder Afrik worgo to bannge njuuteendi. Reservoir oo ina fawii e koɗorɗe ɗiɗi. Koɗorɗe ɗiɗaɓere ɗee ko 600 meeteer (2 000 ft) njuuteendi, ina waɗi 1,04 miliyoŋ meeteer kuuɓtodinɗo (37×106 ft kuuɓtodinɗo) kaɓirɗe. === Alaa ɓuuɓri === Baraas oo ina seerti e ndiyam ɗam, sibu ko ɓuri heewde e ndiyam ɗam ummotoo ko e diwde ɓuuɓol ummoraade e dow maayo Tugela. So wonaano ɗuum, ndiyam ɗam ina famɗi huutoreede, ina ɓuuɓtoo e nder geec. Baraas oo mahaaka e dow maayo kono e oon sahaa, o woni ko e dow ko waawi siforeede no weendu mawndu nii, e nder dowri toowndi e nder falnde Nuwejaarspruit. Wertallo ndiyam baraas oo ina famɗi laabi tati e nder weeyo ndiyam baraas oo, ɗum noon alaa ko waawi heen wonde so wonaa ilam. Ko ɗum waɗi mahdi dammbugal mawngal ngal alaa haaju e ɓuuɓol. Kala ndiyam toɓo ɓurɗam heewde ina waawi yaltineede e ɓulli mum yaltooji e dow jam. Nafoore ndeeɗoo nokku ko baraas oo ko ɓuuɓol baawngol huutoreede no feewi, sibu ina jogii luggiɗde ngam mooftude ndiyam keewɗam, tawi noon ko seeɗa tan bonnata ɗum e ɓuuɓde. Laana Vaal Dam (reservoir) so en ƴeewtindiima ina jogii wertallo mawngo, ina famɗi no feewi, ko ɗum addanta ɗum ɓeydaade ɓuuɓde. Duuɓi 17 toɓo ina ɗaɓɓi ngam hebbinde baraas oo. Kono nanngude toɓo wonaano anniya teeŋtuɗo caggal ndee eɓɓaande. Nde mahaa ko ngam jaggude ndiyam maayo Tugela, yettina ɗum e nder seŋorde Vaal. === Sifaa mooftirgel ndiyam pompe === Baraas oo ina heɓa ndiyam mum e Eɓɓaande ndiyam Tugela-Vaal nde caggal ɗuum inniraa « Eskeem mooftirgel pompe Drakensberg » ko 1 000 MW mooftirgel ndiyam pompe tawi ina waɗi jolngo laaɓtungo fotde 630 miliyoŋ meeteer kuuɓtodinɗo (510 000 acre⋅ft) ndiyam ummoraade e 1 000 MW. Ɗum ina mooftaa e baraas Sterkfontein, ina yaltinee e baraas Vaal rewrude e maayo Wilge so ina haani. === Dam nder dam === Baraas Driekloof mo woni e nder baraas Sterkfontein, ina hiisee wonde baraas ceertuɗo e ɓuuɓri, tee o naatnaaka e limooje dow ɗee. Ko ɓuri heewde ko baraas nder baraas. Dam Driekloof ko nokku mooftirɗo toowɗo e nder njuɓɓudi mooftirndi pompe Drakensberg. So tawii baraas Sterkfontein ina woɗɗi, reservoir Driekloof ina jogori jogaade ndiyam ngam peeje desorɗe pompiyee ɗee mbaawa golloraade tawa haɗataa ɗum. So baraas Sterkfontein ina heewi doole, baraas Driekloof ina ɓuuɓtoo haa to dow ɓuuɓri mum. === Baraas tataɓo ɓurɗo mawnude e nder Afrik worgo === Ko ɗum woni baraas 3ɓo ɓurɗo mawnude e nder Afrik worgo to bannge mbaawka ndiyam, tee ina ɓura baraas Vaal mawnude seeɗa. * Baraas Gariep ko 5 340 600 MegaL * Baras Vanderkloof ko 3 171 300 MegaL * Baraas Sterkfontein ko 2 616 900 MegaL * Baraas Vaal 2 603 400 MegaL == Nokkuuji reentorɗi == Reservoir naturel dam Sterkfontein ko nokku reenaaɗo, mo dam oo woni.[3] == Galle fotooje == Reservoir naturel dam Sterkfontein ko nokku reenaaɗo, mo dam oo woni.[3] <gallery> File:Sterkfontein Dam 1st phase artist impression.jpg|Artist's impression of the 1st phase of the Sterkfontein Dam. The final wall was raised to the level of the valve control room at the top of the concrete tower. File:Sterkfontein Dam basin.jpg|A view of the dam basin prior to being covered by water File:Sterkfonteindaminfo1.JPG|The first of three information boards posted at a vehicle rest area overlooking the reservoir just off the R74 File:Sterkfonteindaminfo2.JPG|The second information board File:Sterkfonteindaminfo3.JPG|The third information board File:Sterkfonteindamcampsite.JPG|A campsite with chalets at the water's edge. Note the dry conditions (conducive to bush fires) in the wintertime. File:Sterkfontein Dam camping area.JPG|Camping area at the water's edge File:Sterkfontein Dam Earth Wall.jpg|The earth wall on the eastern side of the Sterkfontein Dam File:Earth fill loading D5 Aug 72.jpg|Earth moving equipment dumping fill from the borrow pits for the wall of Sterkfontein Dam. August 1972. File:Sterkfontein Dam workshops.jpg|The site workshops for Sterkfontein Dam. The area below the site office is now underwater. File:Sterkfontein Dam construction village.jpg|The construction village at Sterkfontein Dam, 1973 File:Sterkfontein Dam site office.jpg|The Department of Water Affairs site office. Sterkfontein Dam, 1972. File:Sterkfontein Dam wall construction.jpg|A view of the dam wall of Sterkfontein Dam during construction. In the foreground is resident Engineer David Bell. File:Sterkfontein Dam RE.jpg|David Bell the Resident Engineer of Sterkfontein Dam explaining the works to a journalist, circa 1974 </gallery> == Tuugnorgal == mcgwuub6bhg5xay8c67f9npmt4sud9u 175760 175759 2026-06-22T20:13:45Z Nnamadee 11577 175760 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Baras Sterkfontein''', woni ko yaasi wuro Harrismith, e nder Dowlaaji Dentuɗi, e nder diiwaan Afrik worgo, ina jeyaa e eɓɓaande ndiyam Tugela-Vaal e eɓɓaande mooftugol ndiyam Drakensberg, ina woni e dow Nuwejaarspruit, ɓuuɓol maayo Wilge e nder nokku ɓuuɓɗo toowɗo maayo Vaa<ref>Upper Vaal WMA 8</ref>. Ko kañum woni mahdi baraas ɗiɗmiri ɓurndi toowde e nder Afrik worgo e baraas mum ɓurɗo toowde e hebbinde leydi. == Ɓawo == === Tariya === Yaajde faggudu jaawndu e nokku mawɗo Johannesburg e kitaale 1960 e 1970 waɗii ndiyam mum e nder kulhuli juutɗi, ɗum noon fellitii rewrude e ndiyam ummoraade e maayo mawngo Tugela ngo yahrata ko no huutoraaka e nder geec, e mooftude ɗum e nder reservoir mawɗo strateeji ndiyam elowpour very with. Nokku gadano cuɓaaɗo ngam ndee eɓɓaande ko e falnde wonnde bannge worgo maayo Elands. Ko ɗum woni cuɓal ɓurngal yiɗeede to bannge injiniyaaruuji sabu ina waɗi koɗorɗe baraas tokoose. Kono ko juuti hade mahngo fuɗɗaade nokku oo e dow Nuwejaarspruit suɓaama ngam dalillaaji politik sabu ɗum reentinii feccere e ilam Bantustan keso peewnaaɗo mo Qwaqwa to Phuthadichaba. Ina waawi firtude wonde ngalɗoo ngalu ngenndiwal strateeji ina waawi tawa ko e "leydi ngoɗndi" ndi jaɓaaka no yiyraa e yiyannde laamu nguu hannde e oon sahaa. === Mahugo === Pewnugol ngol fuɗɗii ko e hitaande 1969, daawal gadanal ngal fuɗɗii ko e hitaande 1977, ngal waɗi ko 69 meeteruuji (226 ft) toowɗi, njuuteendi mum ko 2 290 meeteruuji (7 510 ft) tawi alaa ko ɓuuɓnata. Caggal nde daawal gadanal ngal joofi, kuulal ngal ƴettaa ngam jokkude ɗoon e ɗoon daawal gadanal ngal, caggal ɗuum ngal ƴettaa e hitaande 1980 haa ngal tolnii e tolno 93 meeteer (305 ft) e njuuteendi ŋorol ngol ko 3 060 meeteer (10 040 ft) e mbaawka jolngo timmungo 66 miliyoŋ meter (61,200). ektaar⋅ft). So nde heewii, nde jogii wertallo ngo ɓuraani 70 km2. Baras yaajɗo oo fuɗɗii golle ko e hitaande 1980, ina jogii mbaawka 2 616 950 meeteer kuuɓtodinɗo (2 121,60 acre⋅ft), tawi njaajeendi mum ko 67,26 kiloomeeteer kaaree tan (25,97 miil kaaree), koɗorɗe baraas oo ina tolnoo e 953 meeteer kaaree (30). Duuɓi mahngo ngoo fof ko duuɓi 11. Ko Departemaa Geɗe Ndiyam ƴetti baraas Sterkfontein oo, mahi ɗum. Baraas oo ɓuri huutoreede ko e kuutoragol nder galleeji e nder gollorɗe e mbaadiiji mum bonɗi ina limtaa to bannge toowɗo (3). === Innde === Baraas oo inniraa ko gooto e gese tawaaɗe e saraaji mahngo mum. Wuro wakkatiyankeewo wonande gollotooɓe mahdi ndii, mahaa ko e ngesa Sterkfontein. Konngol sterkfontein firti ko ndunngu tiiɗngu e ɗemngal Afrik. == Maandolji == === Leydi hebbi dam wall === Wall ko sifaa ɓuuɓol leydi. Koɗorɗe baraas oo ina waɗi 19,8 miliyoŋ meeteer kubik (700×106 cu ft) kaɓirɗe ko ɗum waɗi koɗorɗe baraas ɓurɗe mawnude e nder Afrik worgo to bannge njuuteendi. Reservoir oo ina fawii e koɗorɗe ɗiɗi. Koɗorɗe ɗiɗaɓere ɗee ko 600 meeteer (2 000 ft) njuuteendi, ina waɗi 1,04 miliyoŋ meeteer kuuɓtodinɗo (37×106 ft kuuɓtodinɗo) kaɓirɗe. === Alaa ɓuuɓri === Baraas oo ina seerti e ndiyam ɗam, sibu ko ɓuri heewde e ndiyam ɗam ummotoo ko e diwde ɓuuɓol ummoraade e dow maayo Tugela. So wonaano ɗuum, ndiyam ɗam ina famɗi huutoreede, ina ɓuuɓtoo e nder geec. Baraas oo mahaaka e dow maayo kono e oon sahaa, o woni ko e dow ko waawi siforeede no weendu mawndu nii, e nder dowri toowndi e nder falnde Nuwejaarspruit. Wertallo ndiyam baraas oo ina famɗi laabi tati e nder weeyo ndiyam baraas oo, ɗum noon alaa ko waawi heen wonde so wonaa ilam. Ko ɗum waɗi mahdi dammbugal mawngal ngal alaa haaju e ɓuuɓol. Kala ndiyam toɓo ɓurɗam heewde ina waawi yaltineede e ɓulli mum yaltooji e dow jam. Nafoore ndeeɗoo nokku ko baraas oo ko ɓuuɓol baawngol huutoreede no feewi, sibu ina jogii luggiɗde ngam mooftude ndiyam keewɗam, tawi noon ko seeɗa tan bonnata ɗum e ɓuuɓde. Laana Vaal Dam (reservoir) so en ƴeewtindiima ina jogii wertallo mawngo, ina famɗi no feewi, ko ɗum addanta ɗum ɓeydaade ɓuuɓde. Duuɓi 17 toɓo ina ɗaɓɓi ngam hebbinde baraas oo. Kono nanngude toɓo wonaano anniya teeŋtuɗo caggal ndee eɓɓaande. Nde mahaa ko ngam jaggude ndiyam maayo Tugela, yettina ɗum e nder seŋorde Vaal. === Sifaa mooftirgel ndiyam pompe === Baraas oo ina heɓa ndiyam mum e Eɓɓaande ndiyam Tugela-Vaal nde caggal ɗuum inniraa « Eskeem mooftirgel pompe Drakensberg » ko 1 000 MW mooftirgel ndiyam pompe tawi ina waɗi jolngo laaɓtungo fotde 630 miliyoŋ meeteer kuuɓtodinɗo (510 000 acre⋅ft) ndiyam ummoraade e 1 000 MW. Ɗum ina mooftaa e baraas Sterkfontein, ina yaltinee e baraas Vaal rewrude e maayo Wilge so ina haani. === Dam nder dam === Baraas Driekloof mo woni e nder baraas Sterkfontein, ina hiisee wonde baraas ceertuɗo e ɓuuɓri, tee o naatnaaka e limooje dow ɗee. Ko ɓuri heewde ko baraas nder baraas. Dam Driekloof ko nokku mooftirɗo toowɗo e nder njuɓɓudi mooftirndi pompe Drakensberg. So tawii baraas Sterkfontein ina woɗɗi, reservoir Driekloof ina jogori jogaade ndiyam ngam peeje desorɗe pompiyee ɗee mbaawa golloraade tawa haɗataa ɗum. So baraas Sterkfontein ina heewi doole, baraas Driekloof ina ɓuuɓtoo haa to dow ɓuuɓri mum. === Baraas tataɓo ɓurɗo mawnude e nder Afrik worgo === Ko ɗum woni baraas 3ɓo ɓurɗo mawnude e nder Afrik worgo to bannge mbaawka ndiyam, tee ina ɓura baraas Vaal mawnude seeɗa. * Baraas Gariep ko 5 340 600 MegaL * Baras Vanderkloof ko 3 171 300 MegaL * Baraas Sterkfontein ko 2 616 900 MegaL * Baraas Vaal 2 603 400 MegaL == Nokkuuji reentorɗi == Reservoir naturel dam Sterkfontein ko nokku reenaaɗo, mo dam oo woni.[3] == Galle fotooje == <gallery> File:Sterkfontein Dam 1st phase artist impression.jpg|Artist's impression of the 1st phase of the Sterkfontein Dam. The final wall was raised to the level of the valve control room at the top of the concrete tower. File:Sterkfontein Dam basin.jpg|A view of the dam basin prior to being covered by water File:Sterkfonteindaminfo1.JPG|The first of three information boards posted at a vehicle rest area overlooking the reservoir just off the R74 File:Sterkfonteindaminfo2.JPG|The second information board File:Sterkfonteindaminfo3.JPG|The third information board File:Sterkfonteindamcampsite.JPG|A campsite with chalets at the water's edge. Note the dry conditions (conducive to bush fires) in the wintertime. File:Sterkfontein Dam camping area.JPG|Camping area at the water's edge File:Sterkfontein Dam Earth Wall.jpg|The earth wall on the eastern side of the Sterkfontein Dam File:Earth fill loading D5 Aug 72.jpg|Earth moving equipment dumping fill from the borrow pits for the wall of Sterkfontein Dam. August 1972. File:Sterkfontein Dam workshops.jpg|The site workshops for Sterkfontein Dam. The area below the site office is now underwater. File:Sterkfontein Dam construction village.jpg|The construction village at Sterkfontein Dam, 1973 File:Sterkfontein Dam site office.jpg|The Department of Water Affairs site office. Sterkfontein Dam, 1972. File:Sterkfontein Dam wall construction.jpg|A view of the dam wall of Sterkfontein Dam during construction. In the foreground is resident Engineer David Bell. File:Sterkfontein Dam RE.jpg|David Bell the Resident Engineer of Sterkfontein Dam explaining the works to a journalist, circa 1974 </gallery> == Tuugnorgal == nnd4ycxargpxladxjqye9ukb5pjmvuz 175762 175760 2026-06-22T20:14:06Z Nnamadee 11577 175762 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Baras Sterkfontein''', woni ko yaasi wuro Harrismith, e nder Dowlaaji Dentuɗi, e nder diiwaan Afrik worgo, ina jeyaa e eɓɓaande ndiyam Tugela-Vaal e eɓɓaande mooftugol ndiyam Drakensberg, ina woni e dow Nuwejaarspruit, ɓuuɓol maayo Wilge e nder nokku ɓuuɓɗo toowɗo maayo Vaa<ref>Upper Vaal WMA 8</ref>. Ko kañum woni mahdi baraas ɗiɗmiri ɓurndi toowde e nder Afrik worgo e baraas mum ɓurɗo toowde e hebbinde leydi. == Ɓawo == === Tariya === Yaajde faggudu jaawndu e nokku mawɗo Johannesburg e kitaale 1960 e 1970 waɗii ndiyam mum e nder kulhuli juutɗi, ɗum noon fellitii rewrude e ndiyam ummoraade e maayo mawngo Tugela ngo yahrata ko no huutoraaka e nder geec, e mooftude ɗum e nder reservoir mawɗo strateeji ndiyam elowpour very with. Nokku gadano cuɓaaɗo ngam ndee eɓɓaande ko e falnde wonnde bannge worgo maayo Elands. Ko ɗum woni cuɓal ɓurngal yiɗeede to bannge injiniyaaruuji sabu ina waɗi koɗorɗe baraas tokoose. Kono ko juuti hade mahngo fuɗɗaade nokku oo e dow Nuwejaarspruit suɓaama ngam dalillaaji politik sabu ɗum reentinii feccere e ilam Bantustan keso peewnaaɗo mo Qwaqwa to Phuthadichaba. Ina waawi firtude wonde ngalɗoo ngalu ngenndiwal strateeji ina waawi tawa ko e "leydi ngoɗndi" ndi jaɓaaka no yiyraa e yiyannde laamu nguu hannde e oon sahaa. === Mahugo === Pewnugol ngol fuɗɗii ko e hitaande 1969, daawal gadanal ngal fuɗɗii ko e hitaande 1977, ngal waɗi ko 69 meeteruuji (226 ft) toowɗi, njuuteendi mum ko 2 290 meeteruuji (7 510 ft) tawi alaa ko ɓuuɓnata. Caggal nde daawal gadanal ngal joofi, kuulal ngal ƴettaa ngam jokkude ɗoon e ɗoon daawal gadanal ngal, caggal ɗuum ngal ƴettaa e hitaande 1980 haa ngal tolnii e tolno 93 meeteer (305 ft) e njuuteendi ŋorol ngol ko 3 060 meeteer (10 040 ft) e mbaawka jolngo timmungo 66 miliyoŋ meter (61,200). ektaar⋅ft). So nde heewii, nde jogii wertallo ngo ɓuraani 70 km2. Baras yaajɗo oo fuɗɗii golle ko e hitaande 1980, ina jogii mbaawka 2 616 950 meeteer kuuɓtodinɗo (2 121,60 acre⋅ft), tawi njaajeendi mum ko 67,26 kiloomeeteer kaaree tan (25,97 miil kaaree), koɗorɗe baraas oo ina tolnoo e 953 meeteer kaaree (30). Duuɓi mahngo ngoo fof ko duuɓi 11. Ko Departemaa Geɗe Ndiyam ƴetti baraas Sterkfontein oo, mahi ɗum. Baraas oo ɓuri huutoreede ko e kuutoragol nder galleeji e nder gollorɗe e mbaadiiji mum bonɗi ina limtaa to bannge toowɗo (3). === Innde === Baraas oo inniraa ko gooto e gese tawaaɗe e saraaji mahngo mum. Wuro wakkatiyankeewo wonande gollotooɓe mahdi ndii, mahaa ko e ngesa Sterkfontein. Konngol sterkfontein firti ko ndunngu tiiɗngu e ɗemngal Afrik. == Maandolji == === Leydi hebbi dam wall === Wall ko sifaa ɓuuɓol leydi. Koɗorɗe baraas oo ina waɗi 19,8 miliyoŋ meeteer kubik (700×106 cu ft) kaɓirɗe ko ɗum waɗi koɗorɗe baraas ɓurɗe mawnude e nder Afrik worgo to bannge njuuteendi. Reservoir oo ina fawii e koɗorɗe ɗiɗi. Koɗorɗe ɗiɗaɓere ɗee ko 600 meeteer (2 000 ft) njuuteendi, ina waɗi 1,04 miliyoŋ meeteer kuuɓtodinɗo (37×106 ft kuuɓtodinɗo) kaɓirɗe. === Alaa ɓuuɓri === Baraas oo ina seerti e ndiyam ɗam, sibu ko ɓuri heewde e ndiyam ɗam ummotoo ko e diwde ɓuuɓol ummoraade e dow maayo Tugela. So wonaano ɗuum, ndiyam ɗam ina famɗi huutoreede, ina ɓuuɓtoo e nder geec. Baraas oo mahaaka e dow maayo kono e oon sahaa, o woni ko e dow ko waawi siforeede no weendu mawndu nii, e nder dowri toowndi e nder falnde Nuwejaarspruit. Wertallo ndiyam baraas oo ina famɗi laabi tati e nder weeyo ndiyam baraas oo, ɗum noon alaa ko waawi heen wonde so wonaa ilam. Ko ɗum waɗi mahdi dammbugal mawngal ngal alaa haaju e ɓuuɓol. Kala ndiyam toɓo ɓurɗam heewde ina waawi yaltineede e ɓulli mum yaltooji e dow jam. Nafoore ndeeɗoo nokku ko baraas oo ko ɓuuɓol baawngol huutoreede no feewi, sibu ina jogii luggiɗde ngam mooftude ndiyam keewɗam, tawi noon ko seeɗa tan bonnata ɗum e ɓuuɓde. Laana Vaal Dam (reservoir) so en ƴeewtindiima ina jogii wertallo mawngo, ina famɗi no feewi, ko ɗum addanta ɗum ɓeydaade ɓuuɓde. Duuɓi 17 toɓo ina ɗaɓɓi ngam hebbinde baraas oo. Kono nanngude toɓo wonaano anniya teeŋtuɗo caggal ndee eɓɓaande. Nde mahaa ko ngam jaggude ndiyam maayo Tugela, yettina ɗum e nder seŋorde Vaal. === Sifaa mooftirgel ndiyam pompe === Baraas oo ina heɓa ndiyam mum e Eɓɓaande ndiyam Tugela-Vaal nde caggal ɗuum inniraa « Eskeem mooftirgel pompe Drakensberg » ko 1 000 MW mooftirgel ndiyam pompe tawi ina waɗi jolngo laaɓtungo fotde 630 miliyoŋ meeteer kuuɓtodinɗo (510 000 acre⋅ft) ndiyam ummoraade e 1 000 MW. Ɗum ina mooftaa e baraas Sterkfontein, ina yaltinee e baraas Vaal rewrude e maayo Wilge so ina haani. === Dam nder dam === Baraas Driekloof mo woni e nder baraas Sterkfontein, ina hiisee wonde baraas ceertuɗo e ɓuuɓri, tee o naatnaaka e limooje dow ɗee. Ko ɓuri heewde ko baraas nder baraas. Dam Driekloof ko nokku mooftirɗo toowɗo e nder njuɓɓudi mooftirndi pompe Drakensberg. So tawii baraas Sterkfontein ina woɗɗi, reservoir Driekloof ina jogori jogaade ndiyam ngam peeje desorɗe pompiyee ɗee mbaawa golloraade tawa haɗataa ɗum. So baraas Sterkfontein ina heewi doole, baraas Driekloof ina ɓuuɓtoo haa to dow ɓuuɓri mum. === Baraas tataɓo ɓurɗo mawnude e nder Afrik worgo === Ko ɗum woni baraas 3ɓo ɓurɗo mawnude e nder Afrik worgo to bannge mbaawka ndiyam, tee ina ɓura baraas Vaal mawnude seeɗa. * Baraas Gariep ko 5 340 600 MegaL * Baras Vanderkloof ko 3 171 300 MegaL * Baraas Sterkfontein ko 2 616 900 MegaL * Baraas Vaal 2 603 400 MegaL == Nokkuuji reentorɗi == Reservoir naturel dam Sterkfontein ko nokku reenaaɗo, mo dam oo woni.<ref>Free State Tourism - Sterkfontein Dam Nature Reserve</ref> == Galle fotooje == <gallery> File:Sterkfontein Dam 1st phase artist impression.jpg|Artist's impression of the 1st phase of the Sterkfontein Dam. The final wall was raised to the level of the valve control room at the top of the concrete tower. File:Sterkfontein Dam basin.jpg|A view of the dam basin prior to being covered by water File:Sterkfonteindaminfo1.JPG|The first of three information boards posted at a vehicle rest area overlooking the reservoir just off the R74 File:Sterkfonteindaminfo2.JPG|The second information board File:Sterkfonteindaminfo3.JPG|The third information board File:Sterkfonteindamcampsite.JPG|A campsite with chalets at the water's edge. Note the dry conditions (conducive to bush fires) in the wintertime. File:Sterkfontein Dam camping area.JPG|Camping area at the water's edge File:Sterkfontein Dam Earth Wall.jpg|The earth wall on the eastern side of the Sterkfontein Dam File:Earth fill loading D5 Aug 72.jpg|Earth moving equipment dumping fill from the borrow pits for the wall of Sterkfontein Dam. August 1972. File:Sterkfontein Dam workshops.jpg|The site workshops for Sterkfontein Dam. The area below the site office is now underwater. File:Sterkfontein Dam construction village.jpg|The construction village at Sterkfontein Dam, 1973 File:Sterkfontein Dam site office.jpg|The Department of Water Affairs site office. Sterkfontein Dam, 1972. File:Sterkfontein Dam wall construction.jpg|A view of the dam wall of Sterkfontein Dam during construction. In the foreground is resident Engineer David Bell. File:Sterkfontein Dam RE.jpg|David Bell the Resident Engineer of Sterkfontein Dam explaining the works to a journalist, circa 1974 </gallery> == Tuugnorgal == 4lr9p295jba2onncmvph3bgr43okqqm 0 42419 175763 2026-06-22T20:16:53Z Nnamadee 11577 Created page with "'''Baraas Driekloof''' ko taƴre tokosere e baraas Sterkfontein, to leydi Libre, to Afrik worgo. Taƴre e nder weeyo Sterkfontein ina seerti caggal mahngo weeyo Driekloof, ngool weeyo tokooso ina jogii mbaawka 35,6 miliyoŋ meeteer kuuɓtodinɗo (28 900 ektaar⋅ft).,[1] wondude e weeyo Kilburn fotde 500 meeteer lo,0ft of)0ft Eɓɓaande Eskom ngam mooftude pompe Drakensberg e eɓɓaande ndiyam Tugela-Vaal, e rokkude fotde 27,6 gigawatt-hoore (99 TJ) mooftude kuuraa e mba..." 175763 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Baraas Driekloof''' ko taƴre tokosere e baraas Sterkfontein, to leydi Libre, to Afrik worgo. Taƴre e nder weeyo Sterkfontein ina seerti caggal mahngo weeyo Driekloof, ngool weeyo tokooso ina jogii mbaawka 35,6 miliyoŋ meeteer kuuɓtodinɗo (28 900 ektaar⋅ft).,[1] wondude e weeyo Kilburn fotde 500 meeteer lo,0ft of)0ft Eɓɓaande Eskom ngam mooftude pompe Drakensberg e eɓɓaande ndiyam Tugela-Vaal, e rokkude fotde 27,6 gigawatt-hoore (99 TJ) mooftude kuuraa e mbaadi 275 miliyoŋ meeteer kuuɓtodinɗo (9,7×109 cu ft) ndiyam. Ndiyam ɗam ina pompee haa Driekloof e sahaaji nde doole leydi ndii ŋakki (ko ɓuri heewde ko e ñalɗi udditgol) ina yaltinee kadi e nder Kilburn rewrude e 250 megawatt (340 000 hp) turbineeji nay e sahaaji nde doole mum ina keewi.[2] Feere ndee ina golliree no haanirta nii, tawa ina woodi pompirde 631 miliyoq meeteer kuuɓtodinɗo (512 000 acre⋅ft)/hitaande fawaade e ŋakkeende ndiyam e nder weeyo Tugela (Baraas Woodstock) kam e ŋakkeende ɓeydugol e nder weeyo Vaal Dam. Dam Driekloof fuɗɗaama e hitaande 1979, ina jogii 32 071 meeteer kuuɓtodinɗo (26 000 acre⋅ft), e njaajeendi mum ko 1 906 kiloomeeteer kaaree (0.736 miil kaaree), koɗorɗe dam ɗee ina njogii 47 meeteer (154 ft) toowɗo. == Tuugnorgal == ahr38tnc0lsgwzge705awd53bo06x56 175766 175763 2026-06-22T20:17:26Z Nnamadee 11577 175766 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Baraas Driekloof''' ko taƴre tokosere e baraas Sterkfontein, to leydi Libre, to Afrik worgo. Taƴre e nder weeyo Sterkfontein ina seerti caggal mahngo weeyo Driekloof, ngool weeyo tokooso ina jogii mbaawka 35,6 miliyoŋ meeteer kuuɓtodinɗo (28 900 ektaar⋅ft).,[1] wondude e weeyo Kilburn fotde 500 meeteer lo,0ft of)0ft Eɓɓaande Eskom ngam mooftude pompe Drakensberg e eɓɓaande ndiyam Tugela-Vaal, e rokkude fotde 27,6 gigawatt-hoore (99 TJ) mooftude kuuraa e mbaadi 275 miliyoŋ meeteer kuuɓtodinɗo (9,7×109 cu ft) ndiyam. Ndiyam ɗam ina pompee haa Driekloof e sahaaji nde doole leydi ndii ŋakki (ko ɓuri heewde ko e ñalɗi udditgol) ina yaltinee kadi e nder Kilburn rewrude e 250 megawatt (340 000 hp) turbineeji nay e sahaaji nde doole mum ina keewi.[2] Feere ndee ina golliree no haanirta nii, tawa ina woodi pompirde 631 miliyoq meeteer kuuɓtodinɗo (512 000 acre⋅ft)/hitaande fawaade e ŋakkeende ndiyam e nder weeyo Tugela (Baraas Woodstock) kam e ŋakkeende ɓeydugol e nder weeyo Vaal Dam. Dam Driekloof fuɗɗaama e hitaande 1979, ina jogii 32 071 meeteer kuuɓtodinɗo (26 000 acre⋅ft), e njaajeendi mum ko 1 906 kiloomeeteer kaaree (0.736 miil kaaree), koɗorɗe dam ɗee ina njogii 47 meeteer (154 ft) toowɗo. == Tuugnorgal == h0wxv57l0xgl4kqftu2tycl89s30w45 175769 175766 2026-06-22T20:19:06Z Nnamadee 11577 175769 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Baraas Driekloof''' ko taƴre tokosere e baraas Sterkfontein, to leydi Libre, to Afrik worgo. Taƴre e nder weeyo Sterkfontein ina seerti caggal mahngo weeyo Driekloof, ngool weeyo tokooso ina jogii mbaawka 35,6 miliyoŋ meeteer kuuɓtodinɗo (28 900 ektaar⋅ft).,<ref>"STERKFONTEIN DAM". Department of Water Affairs and Forestry (South Africa). Retrieved 19 December 2009.</ref> wondude e weeyo Kilburn fotde 500 meeteer lo,0ft of)0ft Eɓɓaande Eskom ngam mooftude pompe Drakensberg e eɓɓaande ndiyam Tugela-Vaal, e rokkude fotde 27,6 gigawatt-hoore (99 TJ) mooftude kuuraa e mbaadi 275 miliyoŋ meeteer kuuɓtodinɗo (9,7×109 cu ft) ndiyam. Ndiyam ɗam ina pompee haa Driekloof e sahaaji nde doole leydi ndii ŋakki (ko ɓuri heewde ko e ñalɗi udditgol) ina yaltinee kadi e nder Kilburn rewrude e 250 megawatt (340 000 hp) turbineeji nay e sahaaji nde doole mum ina keewi.[2] Feere ndee ina golliree no haanirta nii, tawa ina woodi pompirde 631 miliyoq meeteer kuuɓtodinɗo (512 000 acre⋅ft)/hitaande fawaade e ŋakkeende ndiyam e nder weeyo Tugela (Baraas Woodstock) kam e ŋakkeende ɓeydugol e nder weeyo Vaal Dam. Dam Driekloof fuɗɗaama e hitaande 1979, ina jogii 32 071 meeteer kuuɓtodinɗo (26 000 acre⋅ft), e njaajeendi mum ko 1 906 kiloomeeteer kaaree (0.736 miil kaaree), koɗorɗe dam ɗee ina njogii 47 meeteer (154 ft) toowɗo. == Tuugnorgal == f63tc6xp2rsp31tk80eo74v28t5ibi0 175771 175769 2026-06-22T20:19:40Z Nnamadee 11577 175771 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Baraas Driekloof''' ko taƴre tokosere e baraas Sterkfontein, to leydi Libre, to Afrik worgo. Taƴre e nder weeyo Sterkfontein ina seerti caggal mahngo weeyo Driekloof, ngool weeyo tokooso ina jogii mbaawka 35,6 miliyoŋ meeteer kuuɓtodinɗo (28 900 ektaar⋅ft).,<ref>"STERKFONTEIN DAM". Department of Water Affairs and Forestry (South Africa). Retrieved 19 December 2009.</ref> wondude e weeyo Kilburn fotde 500 meeteer lo,0ft of)0ft Eɓɓaande Eskom ngam mooftude pompe Drakensberg e eɓɓaande ndiyam Tugela-Vaal, e rokkude fotde 27,6 gigawatt-hoore (99 TJ) mooftude kuuraa e mbaadi 275 miliyoŋ meeteer kuuɓtodinɗo (9,7×109 cu ft) ndiyam. Ndiyam ɗam ina pompee haa Driekloof e sahaaji nde doole leydi ndii ŋakki (ko ɓuri heewde ko e ñalɗi udditgol) ina yaltinee kadi e nder Kilburn rewrude e 250 megawatt (340 000 hp) turbineeji nay e sahaaji nde doole mum ina keewi.<ref>"Drakensberg Pumped Storage Scheme" (PDF). Eskom. October 2005. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2006-09-23. Retrieved 2008-11-09.</ref> Feere ndee ina golliree no haanirta nii, tawa ina woodi pompirde 631 miliyoq meeteer kuuɓtodinɗo (512 000 acre⋅ft)/hitaande fawaade e ŋakkeende ndiyam e nder weeyo Tugela (Baraas Woodstock) kam e ŋakkeende ɓeydugol e nder weeyo Vaal Dam. Dam Driekloof fuɗɗaama e hitaande 1979, ina jogii 32 071 meeteer kuuɓtodinɗo (26 000 acre⋅ft), e njaajeendi mum ko 1 906 kiloomeeteer kaaree (0.736 miil kaaree), koɗorɗe dam ɗee ina njogii 47 meeteer (154 ft) toowɗo. == Tuugnorgal == p05zop5uxsrwmwbqk1ay24wq1fckna2 0 42420 175764 2026-06-22T20:17:10Z Sardeeq 14292 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1359942886|Farouk Lawan]]" 175764 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Farouk Muhammad Lawan''' ( listen c ; jibinaa ko ñalnde 6 lewru juko hitaande 1962) ko siyaasyanke Najeriya, ko tergal suudu sarɗiiji leydi ndii (gila 1999) e nder diiwaan [[Ɓagwai|Bagwai]] / [[Shanono]] mo diiwaan Kano . == Jaŋde e nguurndam neɗɗo == Lawan ko jannginoowo to [[Janngirɗe Bayero Kano|duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Bayero]] to Kano. Omo jogii debbo, omo jogii ɓiɓɓe nayo. == Golle politik == Tergal lannda Demokaraasi Leñol (PDP), Lawan suɓaama e hitaande 1999, 2003, 2007 e kadi e hitaande 2011, ɗum waɗi ɗum tergal cuɓaaɗo laabi 4. Lawan woni hooreejo goomu suudu sarɗiiji ko feewti e kaalis e gardagol gonnooɗo hooreejo leydi [[Aminu Bello Masari]] . O hollitii nafooje makko to bannge sariya ko "Appropriation, Information et Education". E nder fenaande fenaande e darorɗe hitaande 2007, nde addani gonnooɗo hooreejo suudu sarɗiiji leydi ndii, [[Patrisiya Ette|hono Patricia Etteh]], woppude laamu, Lawan ardii [[Integrity Group|fedde wiyeteende Integrity Group]], fedde wakilaaji luulndiiɓe Etteh. === Skandal ballal petrol === E lewru Yarkomaa hitaande 2012, Lawan ardii goomu suudu sarɗiiji leydi Naajeeriya, ngu wiɗiti dow ballal [[Siyaasa leydi Naajeeriya|laamu lesdi Naajeeriya]] . Goomu nguu sosaa ko e seppooji e nder leydi [[Naajeeriya|Najeriya]] caggal nde [[Goodluck Jonathan|hooreejo leydi ndi hono Goodluck Jonathan]] itti ballal petroŋ. Ɗum addani coggu petroŋ ɓeydaade. Ciimtol goomu ngu yaltini e lewru abriil hitaande ndee, hollitii fenaande mawnde nde sosiyeteeji petroŋ leydi Najeriya njoɓata teemedde miliyoŋaaji dolaar ngam ballal laamu nguu ngam petroŋ mo meeɗaa yoɓeede. Ina hiisa wonde fenaande ndee waɗii leydi ndii miliyaaruuji 6,8 dolaar. <ref name="BBC News" /> E lewru feebariyee 2013, Lawan ñaawaama fenaande caggal nde o tuuma jaɓde 500 000 dolaar e juuɗe [[Femi Otedola]], miliyaaruuji keewɗi e petroŋ leydi Nijeer, e nder njoɓdi miliyoŋaaji tati dolaar ndi Lawan ɗaɓɓiri Otedola. Otedola wiyi wonde Lawan ɗaɓɓiriino njoɓdi ndii ngam ittude sosiyatee mum [[Femi Otedola|Zenon]], e doggol sosiyateeji ɗi goomu nguu jokkondiri e fenaande ndee. Ciimtol gadanol ballal petroŋ ngol hollitii wonde [[Femi Otedola|Zenon]] ina yoɓa laamu nguu ko ina ɓura miliyoŋaaji 1 dolaar, kono caggal ɗuum, depiteeji ɗii cuɓiima ittude fedde ndee e ciimtol cakkitiingol ngol. Lawan wi'i o jaɓi ceede ɗe'e ngam hollugo ƴamol ngol, nden o humpitii goomu nguu e komitiiru hukuumaaji pamari ɗi'i (EFCC) dow maajum. Ñalnde 22 lewru juko hitaande 2021, ñaawoore Farouk Lawan arii e joofnirde laaɓtunde nde ñaawoowo oo, Angela Otaluka, ñaawi gonnooɗo depitee fedde ndee duuɓi jeeɗiɗi kasoo. Otaluka, ñaawoowo to Ñaawirde [[Federal Capital Territory (Nigeria)|Toownde]] (FCT), Apo, Abuja, cokaaɗo e kasoo Lawan sabu fenaande ɗaɓɓude miliyoŋaaji tati dolaar, haa arti noon e ƴettude 500 000 dolaar njoɓdi, tawi ko kanko woni hooreejo goomu ad-hoc suudu sarɗiiji ngam wiɗtude fenaande ko fayti e ballal petroŋ e hitaande12. E nder ñaawoore makko, Otaluka tuugnii ko no feewi e seedantaagal Otedola, siftorde rokkude Lawan 500 000 dolaar e nder golle sting peewnaaɗe e Sarwiis Kisal Dowla (SSS) ngam heɓde seedeeji njulaagu e dow depitee oo. O yahi to ñaawirde kuuge, ñaawoore ndee ustaa haa duuɓi joy. Ñaawirde toownde ndee jaɓi ñaawoore makko ñalnde 26 lewru bowte hitaande 2024, caggal nde o wullitii ñaawoore adannde duuɓi jeeɗiɗi nde ñaawirde ñaawoore ndee rokki mo. Ñaawirde ñaawoore ndee tuugnii ko e seedantaagal Otedola, gollodiiɗo e sarwiis kisal dowla ngam feeñninde fenaande Lawan. === Woppude e Kasoo === Farouk Lawan wurtinaama kaso nyande 22 lewru Oktoba 2024 ɓaawo o timmini kiitaaji maako ngam o jaɓugo ceede wakkati o woni tergal nder suudu joonde diidaaɗi lesdi Naajeeriya. Woppude mo ko joofnirde ñaawoore toownde, nde yimɓe heewɓe e jaayɗe ƴetti hakkillaaji mum en. Ñaawoore ndee ina heddii e ñaawoore ɓurnde yeewteede e nder leydi Najeriya. [1] [2] == Tuugnorgal == [[Category:Yimɓe wuurɓe]] bxq7w5vytkyxai8209bw2yijt7qpfb3 175767 175764 2026-06-22T20:17:34Z Sardeeq 14292 175767 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Farouk Muhammad Lawan''' ( listen c ; jibinaa ko ñalnde 6 lewru juko hitaande 1962) ko siyaasyanke Najeriya, ko tergal suudu sarɗiiji leydi ndii (gila 1999) e nder diiwaan [[Ɓagwai|Bagwai]] / [[Shanono]] mo diiwaan Kano . == Jaŋde e nguurndam neɗɗo == Lawan ko jannginoowo to [[Janngirɗe Bayero Kano|duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Bayero]] to Kano. Omo jogii debbo, omo jogii ɓiɓɓe nayo. == Golle politik == Tergal lannda Demokaraasi Leñol (PDP), Lawan suɓaama e hitaande 1999, 2003, 2007 e kadi e hitaande 2011, ɗum waɗi ɗum tergal cuɓaaɗo laabi 4. Lawan woni hooreejo goomu suudu sarɗiiji ko feewti e kaalis e gardagol gonnooɗo hooreejo leydi [[Aminu Bello Masari]] . O hollitii nafooje makko to bannge sariya ko "Appropriation, Information et Education". E nder fenaande fenaande e darorɗe hitaande 2007, nde addani gonnooɗo hooreejo suudu sarɗiiji leydi ndii, [[Patrisiya Ette|hono Patricia Etteh]], woppude laamu, Lawan ardii [[Integrity Group|fedde wiyeteende Integrity Group]], fedde wakilaaji luulndiiɓe Etteh. === Skandal ballal petrol === E lewru Yarkomaa hitaande 2012, Lawan ardii goomu suudu sarɗiiji leydi Naajeeriya, ngu wiɗiti dow ballal [[Siyaasa leydi Naajeeriya|laamu lesdi Naajeeriya]] . Goomu nguu sosaa ko e seppooji e nder leydi [[Naajeeriya|Najeriya]] caggal nde [[Goodluck Jonathan|hooreejo leydi ndi hono Goodluck Jonathan]] itti ballal petroŋ. Ɗum addani coggu petroŋ ɓeydaade. Ciimtol goomu ngu yaltini e lewru abriil hitaande ndee, hollitii fenaande mawnde nde sosiyeteeji petroŋ leydi Najeriya njoɓata teemedde miliyoŋaaji dolaar ngam ballal laamu nguu ngam petroŋ mo meeɗaa yoɓeede. Ina hiisa wonde fenaande ndee waɗii leydi ndii miliyaaruuji 6,8 dolaar. <ref name="BBC News" /> E lewru feebariyee 2013, Lawan ñaawaama fenaande caggal nde o tuuma jaɓde 500 000 dolaar e juuɗe [[Femi Otedola]], miliyaaruuji keewɗi e petroŋ leydi Nijeer, e nder njoɓdi miliyoŋaaji tati dolaar ndi Lawan ɗaɓɓiri Otedola. Otedola wiyi wonde Lawan ɗaɓɓiriino njoɓdi ndii ngam ittude sosiyatee mum [[Femi Otedola|Zenon]], e doggol sosiyateeji ɗi goomu nguu jokkondiri e fenaande ndee. Ciimtol gadanol ballal petroŋ ngol hollitii wonde [[Femi Otedola|Zenon]] ina yoɓa laamu nguu ko ina ɓura miliyoŋaaji 1 dolaar, kono caggal ɗuum, depiteeji ɗii cuɓiima ittude fedde ndee e ciimtol cakkitiingol ngol. Lawan wi'i o jaɓi ceede ɗe'e ngam hollugo ƴamol ngol, nden o humpitii goomu nguu e komitiiru hukuumaaji pamari ɗi'i (EFCC) dow maajum. Ñalnde 22 lewru juko hitaande 2021, ñaawoore Farouk Lawan arii e joofnirde laaɓtunde nde ñaawoowo oo, Angela Otaluka, ñaawi gonnooɗo depitee fedde ndee duuɓi jeeɗiɗi kasoo. Otaluka, ñaawoowo to Ñaawirde [[Federal Capital Territory (Nigeria)|Toownde]] (FCT), Apo, Abuja, cokaaɗo e kasoo Lawan sabu fenaande ɗaɓɓude miliyoŋaaji tati dolaar, haa arti noon e ƴettude 500 000 dolaar njoɓdi, tawi ko kanko woni hooreejo goomu ad-hoc suudu sarɗiiji ngam wiɗtude fenaande ko fayti e ballal petroŋ e hitaande12. E nder ñaawoore makko, Otaluka tuugnii ko no feewi e seedantaagal Otedola, siftorde rokkude Lawan 500 000 dolaar e nder golle sting peewnaaɗe e Sarwiis Kisal Dowla (SSS) ngam heɓde seedeeji njulaagu e dow depitee oo. O yahi to ñaawirde kuuge, ñaawoore ndee ustaa haa duuɓi joy. Ñaawirde toownde ndee jaɓi ñaawoore makko ñalnde 26 lewru bowte hitaande 2024, caggal nde o wullitii ñaawoore adannde duuɓi jeeɗiɗi nde ñaawirde ñaawoore ndee rokki mo. Ñaawirde ñaawoore ndee tuugnii ko e seedantaagal Otedola, gollodiiɗo e sarwiis kisal dowla ngam feeñninde fenaande Lawan. === Woppude e Kasoo === Farouk Lawan wurtinaama kaso nyande 22 lewru Oktoba 2024 ɓaawo o timmini kiitaaji maako ngam o jaɓugo ceede wakkati o woni tergal nder suudu joonde diidaaɗi lesdi Naajeeriya. Woppude mo ko joofnirde ñaawoore toownde, nde yimɓe heewɓe e jaayɗe ƴetti hakkillaaji mum en. Ñaawoore ndee ina heddii e ñaawoore ɓurnde yeewteede e nder leydi Najeriya. [1] [2] == Tuugnorgal == [[Category:Yimɓe wuurɓe]] p56kohghi0n7s7pofflisrj0c7mgqpg 0 42421 175768 2026-06-22T20:18:19Z Sardeeq 14292 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1359942565|Mohammed Kumalia]]" 175768 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mohammed Umara Kumalia''' ko siyaasyanke nder suudu sarɗiiji lesdi [[Naajeeriya]] . O jibinaa ko 1967, ko kanko woni hooreejo APP e hitaande 1999. O woniino tergal e suudu sarɗiiji leydi Naajeeriya gila 1999 haa 2007, o wonii hooreejo fedde nde gila 1999 haa 2003. Caggal duuɓi 8 e nder suudu sarɗiiji leydi Naajeeriya e golloraade e nder golle ceertuɗe kumalia heddii ngam yahde e jokkude golle mum laamu guwerneer. == Ɓawo == Mohammed Kumalia jibinaa ko to Maiduguri e nder diiwaan Borno. Baaba makko ko jannginoowo lolluɗo, teddinaaɗo e oon sahaa. O naati duɗal hakkundeewal laamu, Maiduguri, O janngi caggal ɗuum sariya (LL.B.) to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Maiduguri, o heɓi seedantaagal awokaa, kadi ko o gollodiiɗo mawɗo e fedde Prime law firm. O jogii kadi heblo keeriiɗo ko fayti e binnditagol sariyaaji to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde laamɗo to Londres. Ko adii nde o suɓata nder suudu sarɗiiji, Kumalia golliima e nder suudu sarɗiiji leydi ndii duuɓi keewɗi e nder oon sahaa o woniino Sekreteruuji, Goomu ƴeewndo doosɗe leydi Najeriya (Adhoc). == Forum Ummital Fuɗnaange == Forum Reawakening Northern ko fedde daraniinde renndo-politik e ɓamtaare, jooɗiinde to Fuɗnaange Naajeeriya. Forum oo ina waɗi annduɓe, ardiiɓe politik, gollotooɓe e njulaagu, jannginooɓe, e wakilaaji renndo siwil, ɓe nganndu-ɗaa ko kam en ngoni ardiiɓe jam, ngootaagu, e ƴellitaare duumotoonde e nder diiwaan worgo leydi ndii kala. Nde sosaa ngam haɓaade caɗeele renndo e faggudu e kisal ɓeydotooɗe e nder Fuɗnaange Naajeeriya, ko wayi no baasal, ŋakkeende golle, ŋakkeende kisal, e ŋakkeende jaŋde. Ardii fedde nde ko Mohammed Umara Kumalia, awokaajo, gonnooɗo hooreejo fedde nde e nder suudu sarɗiiji leydi Naajeeriya. E gardagol makko, fedde ndee yiɗiino mooftude annduɓe e gollotooɓe e nder leydi ndii ngam tawtoreede no feewi e hesɗitinde politik e faggudu diiwaan oo. === Tuugnorgal === [[Category:Yimɓe wuurɓe]] 7qxbodt4h7if7unb5pqhixuhedy59bl 0 42422 175770 2026-06-22T20:19:23Z Sardeeq 14292 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1359942569|Victor Lar]]" 175770 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Victor Rampyal Lar''' ko siyaasaajo leydi Naajeeriya, mo suɓaama nder cuɓi [[Diiwal Filato|lesdi]] [[Naajeeriya]] nder lewru Abriil 2011. Lar dogi ko e laylaytol lannda Demokaraasi yimɓe (PDP). Victor Lar is a Tarok from Langtang, in southern Plateau State. He obtained a degree in political science. Retired Lt. General Jeremiah Useni, whom Lar defeated in the 2011 election, described himself as Lar's political godfather. As national deputy chairman for the All Nigeria People's Party (ANPP), he sponsored Lar as the successful ANPP candidate in the April 1999 election for the Langtang North and South Federal Constituency of the Federal House of Representatives. Lar was reelected in April 2003. Lar ina jeyaa e politikaaji gadani bayyinde luulndaare mum e ɗaɓɓaande hooreejo leydi [[Olusegun Obasanjo]] ngam waylude doosgal leydi ngam newnude manndaa tataɓo. E lewru suwee 2006, Lar daɗii e warngo nde yimɓe nayo njani e galle makko tawi omo woɗɗi. Motif oo anndaaka. E wooteeji lewru abriil 2007, Lar dañii wooteeji ngam wonde guwerneer diiwaan Plateau e dow laylaytol ANPP, kono o fooli Jonah David Jang . E oktoobar 2009, o woppi lannda. E wooteeji lewru abriil 2011, Lar dañii woote senateer Plateau Sud e tikket PDP, o heɓi 132 768 woote. O fooli gonnooɗo gardiiɗo makko Jerry Useni mo lannda Demokaraasi (DPP), keɓɗo 97 846 woote, e senaateer jooni oo , hono John Shagaya, mo lannda Labour (LP), keɓɗo 72 534 woote. Luutndiiɓe Lar ɓee fof ko senerooji konu pentiirɗi. [1] == Tuugnorgal == [[Category:Yimɓe wuurɓe]] a3d5q1bdckyw8ypea40464jkhbewpso 175772 175770 2026-06-22T20:19:57Z Sardeeq 14292 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1359942569|Victor Lar]]" 175772 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Victor Rampyal Lar''' ko siyaasaajo leydi Naajeeriya, mo suɓaama nder cuɓi [[Diiwal Filato|lesdi]] [[Naajeeriya]] nder lewru Abriil 2011. Lar dogi ko e laylaytol lannda Demokaraasi yimɓe (PDP).<ref>Edi, Jacob (19 June 2006). "Lessons from death of 3rd term". The Sun. Archived from the original on 2011-08-10. Retrieved 2011-05-10.</ref> Victor Lar is a Tarok from Langtang, in southern Plateau State. He obtained a degree in political science. Retired Lt. General Jeremiah Useni, whom Lar defeated in the 2011 election, described himself as Lar's political godfather. As national deputy chairman for the All Nigeria People's Party (ANPP), he sponsored Lar as the successful ANPP candidate in the April 1999 election for the Langtang North and South Federal Constituency of the Federal House of Representatives. Lar was reelected in April 2003. Lar ina jeyaa e politikaaji gadani bayyinde luulndaare mum e ɗaɓɓaande hooreejo leydi [[Olusegun Obasanjo]] ngam waylude doosgal leydi ngam newnude manndaa tataɓo. E lewru suwee 2006, Lar daɗii e warngo nde yimɓe nayo njani e galle makko tawi omo woɗɗi. Motif oo anndaaka. E wooteeji lewru abriil 2007, Lar dañii wooteeji ngam wonde guwerneer diiwaan Plateau e dow laylaytol ANPP, kono o fooli Jonah David Jang . E oktoobar 2009, o woppi lannda. E wooteeji lewru abriil 2011, Lar dañii woote senateer Plateau Sud e tikket PDP, o heɓi 132 768 woote. O fooli gonnooɗo gardiiɗo makko Jerry Useni mo lannda Demokaraasi (DPP), keɓɗo 97 846 woote, e senaateer jooni oo , hono John Shagaya, mo lannda Labour (LP), keɓɗo 72 534 woote. Luutndiiɓe Lar ɓee fof ko senerooji konu pentiirɗi. [1] == Tuugnorgal == [[Category:Yimɓe wuurɓe]] 5q9uaqm9uk1ntd74faoo87c99dji0h3 175773 175772 2026-06-22T20:20:15Z Sardeeq 14292 175773 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Victor Rampyal Lar''' ko siyaasaajo leydi Naajeeriya, mo suɓaama nder cuɓi [[Diiwal Filato|lesdi]] [[Naajeeriya]] nder lewru Abriil 2011. Lar dogi ko e laylaytol lannda Demokaraasi yimɓe (PDP).<ref>Edi, Jacob (19 June 2006). "Lessons from death of 3rd term". The Sun. Archived from the original on 2011-08-10. Retrieved 2011-05-10.</ref> Victor Lar is a Tarok from Langtang, in southern Plateau State. He obtained a degree in political science. Retired Lt. General Jeremiah Useni, whom Lar defeated in the 2011 election, described himself as Lar's political godfather. As national deputy chairman for the All Nigeria People's Party (ANPP), he sponsored Lar as the successful ANPP candidate in the April 1999 election for the Langtang North and South Federal Constituency of the Federal House of Representatives. Lar was reelected in April 2003. Lar ina jeyaa e politikaaji gadani bayyinde luulndaare mum e ɗaɓɓaande hooreejo leydi [[Olusegun Obasanjo]] ngam waylude doosgal leydi ngam newnude manndaa tataɓo. E lewru suwee 2006, Lar daɗii e warngo nde yimɓe nayo njani e galle makko tawi omo woɗɗi. Motif oo anndaaka. E wooteeji lewru abriil 2007, Lar dañii wooteeji ngam wonde guwerneer diiwaan Plateau e dow laylaytol ANPP, kono o fooli Jonah David Jang . E oktoobar 2009, o woppi lannda. E wooteeji lewru abriil 2011, Lar dañii woote senateer Plateau Sud e tikket PDP, o heɓi 132 768 woote. O fooli gonnooɗo gardiiɗo makko Jerry Useni mo lannda Demokaraasi (DPP), keɓɗo 97 846 woote, e senaateer jooni oo , hono John Shagaya, mo lannda Labour (LP), keɓɗo 72 534 woote. Luutndiiɓe Lar ɓee fof ko senerooji konu pentiirɗi. [1] == Tuugnorgal == [[Category:Yimɓe wuurɓe]] kiflnneyaes7u4d300rrvbgm6dllp14 0 42423 175774 2026-06-22T20:21:10Z Sardeeq 14292 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1359942403|Aliyu Musa]]" 175774 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Aliyu Musa''' (jibinaa ko 1 Duujal 1957) ko dawruyanke Najeriya. O wonii tergal suudu sarɗiiji gila hitaande 1999 omo lomtoo diiwaan Mani / [[Bindawa]] to [[Diiwal Katsína|diiwaan Katsina]] . O jeyaa ko e lannda Demokaraasi Leƴƴi.<ref><nowiki>https://www.stears.co/elections/2019/governor</nowiki></ref> == Golle politik == E hitaande 1999, Muusa suɓaama wakiliijo diiwaan Mani / Bindawa to diiwaan Katsina . [1] E hitaande 2019, o dañii darnde guwerneer e nder diiwaan Sokoto e les njiimaandi APC, o woni ɗiɗaɓo e wooteeji ɗi. [2] Musa kadi tabitinaama e Senaa wonde hooreejo Komiseer keeriiɗo toppitiiɗo golle bonɗe e bonanndeeji goɗɗi jowitiiɗi heen. [1] == Tuugnorgal == [[Category:Yimɓe wuurɓe]] 7s5949ffrbcvwvjwlwfbtu5hu34qszp 175775 175774 2026-06-22T20:21:29Z Sardeeq 14292 175775 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Aliyu Musa''' (jibinaa ko 1 Duujal 1957) ko dawruyanke Najeriya. O wonii tergal suudu sarɗiiji gila hitaande 1999 omo lomtoo diiwaan Mani / [[Bindawa]] to [[Diiwal Katsína|diiwaan Katsina]] . O jeyaa ko e lannda Demokaraasi Leƴƴi.<ref><nowiki>https://www.stears.co/elections/2019/governor</nowiki></ref> == Golle politik == E hitaande 1999, Muusa suɓaama wakiliijo diiwaan Mani / Bindawa to diiwaan Katsina . [1] E hitaande 2019, o dañii darnde guwerneer e nder diiwaan Sokoto e les njiimaandi APC, o woni ɗiɗaɓo e wooteeji ɗi. [2] Musa kadi tabitinaama e Senaa wonde hooreejo Komiseer keeriiɗo toppitiiɗo golle bonɗe e bonanndeeji goɗɗi jowitiiɗi heen. [1] == Tuugnorgal == [[Category:Yimɓe wuurɓe]] jf8gj2i6nba9wl2m384cwxfoaath4e3 0 42424 175780 2026-06-22T20:43:01Z Hauwa ali umar 8656 Created page with "'''Linzertorte''' ko paaspoor gaadanteejo Otiris, ko sifaa ɓuuɓri juutndi, ndi ɓiɓɓe leɗɗe ndarnaa e ɓiɓɓe leɗɗe ɓutte, tawa ina waɗi diidi lattice dow mum.[1]  Innde nde inniraa ko wuro Linz, to leydi Otiris. Linzertorte ko paaspoor juutɗo no feewi, ɓuuɓɗo, waɗeteeɗo e farin, e ɓuuɓri ndi alaa kosam, e ɓuuɓri egguuji, e ɓuuɓri limoŋ, e cinndel e ɓuuɓri limoŋ, e ɓuuɓri leydi, ko ɓuri heewde ko ɓuuɓri hazelnuts, kono hay ɓuuɓri walla..." 175780 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Linzertorte''' ko paaspoor gaadanteejo Otiris, ko sifaa ɓuuɓri juutndi, ndi ɓiɓɓe leɗɗe ndarnaa e ɓiɓɓe leɗɗe ɓutte, tawa ina waɗi diidi lattice dow mum.[1]  Innde nde inniraa ko wuro Linz, to leydi Otiris. Linzertorte ko paaspoor juutɗo no feewi, ɓuuɓɗo, waɗeteeɗo e farin, e ɓuuɓri ndi alaa kosam, e ɓuuɓri egguuji, e ɓuuɓri limoŋ, e cinndel e ɓuuɓri limoŋ, e ɓuuɓri leydi, ko ɓuri heewde ko ɓuuɓri hazelnuts, kono hay ɓuuɓri walla almond ina huutoree, ina ɓuuɓna ɗum e ɓuuɓri servtberry walla redspcurres.  Nanduɗo e ko ɓuri heewde e tortes, ko ɓuri heewde ko layer gooto no pie walla tart.  Ina suddii ɗum lattice ɓutte ɓutte ɗe mbaɗaa e dow ɓiɗɓe leɗɗe ɗee.  Paaspoor oo ina ɓuuɓnee e ɓuuɓri ɓuuɓndi, ina ɓuuɓnee, ina ɓuuɓnee e ɓuuɓri. Linzertorte ko ñaamdu ñalɗi e nder aadaaji Otiris, Cekoslowaki, Suwis, Almaañ, e Tirol, ina heewi ñaameede e ñalɗi Noel.  Won e bakkaatuuji Amerik worgo ina ndokka Linzertorte no tarte tokoose nii walla no cookiiji nii. == Kukiiji Linzer == Biskitte Linzer (e ɗemngal Almaañ: Linzer Augen, "gite Linzer") walla tarte Linzer ko mbaydi biskitte sandwich, dow mum ko laral ɓuuɓri tawa ina waɗi taƴre cirƴaande sifaa ina feeñnina kosam ɓiɓɓe leɗɗe, tawa ina ɓuuɓna ɗum e suukara konfeksiyoŋ. == Tariya == Linzertorte ina sikkaa ko kaake ɓurɗe ɓooyde ɗe meeɗaa innireede e nokku.[2]  Duuɓi juutɗi, recipe ummoriiɗo e hitaande 1696 e nder defterdu Winer Stadt- und Landesbibliothek ko kañum ɓuri ɓooyde anndeede.  Kono e hitaande 2005, Waltraud Faißner, gardiiɗo defterdu leydi Otiris toowndu, binnduɗo deftere wiyeteende Wie mann die Linzer Dortten macht ("No Linzertorte waɗetee"), yiyti heen restoraa Veronese ɓurɗo ɓooyde, ina haani Co.35  e nder defterdu Abbey Admont.[2] Sosde Linzertorte ko huunde nde leƴƴanɗe keewɗe mbiyata, ina mbiya wonde ko jom suudu Vienne biyeteeɗo Linzer (hono no Alfred Polgar rokkiri ɗum nii) walla jom suudu jom suudu Frankon biyeteeɗo Johann Konrad Vogel (1796–1883), puɗɗinooɗo peewnugol Linzer e hitaande 1881. Eggoowo Otiris biyeteeɗo Franz Hölzlhuber wiyi ko kanko naatni Linzertorte e nder wuro Milwaukee ko e kitaale 1850.[3] == Feereeji == Linzertorte e nder mbaydi mbaylaandi Linzertorte ko yeeyooɓe ceertuɓe e nder leydi Otiris e caggal leydi peewnata ɗum, yeeyetee ɗum.  Ko ɓuri anndeede ko nokku bakkaat Jindrak, peewnoowo ko ina tolnoo e 100 000 kaake Linzertorte e hitaande,[4] .  Liz Linzer Torte, mo seerti e paaspoor mum ɓuuɓɗo gite, ina waɗi nate daneeje e daneeje, ina anndaa e winndere ndee kala, ina wiya ina jogii ɗaɗi teeŋtuɗi.[5]  Woɗɓe rokkooɓe kaake e paaspooruuji baɗɗi no Linzer nii, ina njeyaa heen Kurkonditorei Oberlaa lolluɗo mo Vienne e sosiyatee Ölz.  Linzertorte kadi ko bakkaatuuji keewɗi e nder leydi Itali peewnata, yeeyetee.[citation nécessaire] == Ƴeew kadi == Biskit laamu Vlaaay == Tuugnorgal == 2j6ccwtlw9wygcvk6neta94frzpgm2n 175781 175780 2026-06-22T20:45:41Z Hauwa ali umar 8656 175781 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Linzertorte''' ko paaspoor gaadanteejo Otiris, ko sifaa ɓuuɓri juutndi, ndi ɓiɓɓe leɗɗe ndarnaa e ɓiɓɓe leɗɗe ɓutte, tawa ina waɗi diidi lattice dow mum.[1]  Innde nde inniraa ko wuro Linz, to leydi Otiris. Linzertorte ko paaspoor juutɗo no feewi, ɓuuɓɗo, waɗeteeɗo e farin, e ɓuuɓri ndi alaa kosam, e ɓuuɓri egguuji, e ɓuuɓri limoŋ, e cinndel e ɓuuɓri limoŋ, e ɓuuɓri leydi, ko ɓuri heewde ko ɓuuɓri hazelnuts, kono hay ɓuuɓri walla almond ina huutoree, ina ɓuuɓna ɗum e ɓuuɓri servtberry walla redspcurres.  Nanduɗo e ko ɓuri heewde e tortes, ko ɓuri heewde ko layer gooto no pie walla tart.  Ina suddii ɗum lattice ɓutte ɓutte ɗe mbaɗaa e dow ɓiɗɓe leɗɗe ɗee.  Paaspoor oo ina ɓuuɓnee e ɓuuɓri ɓuuɓndi, ina ɓuuɓnee, ina ɓuuɓnee e ɓuuɓri. Linzertorte ko ñaamdu ñalɗi e nder aadaaji Otiris, Cekoslowaki, Suwis, Almaañ, e Tirol, ina heewi ñaameede e ñalɗi Noel.  Won e bakkaatuuji Amerik worgo ina ndokka Linzertorte no tarte tokoose nii walla no cookiiji nii. == Kukiiji Linzer == Biskitte Linzer (e ɗemngal Almaañ: Linzer Augen, "gite Linzer") walla tarte Linzer ko mbaydi biskitte sandwich, dow mum ko laral ɓuuɓri tawa ina waɗi taƴre cirƴaande sifaa ina feeñnina kosam ɓiɓɓe leɗɗe, tawa ina ɓuuɓna ɗum e suukara konfeksiyoŋ. == Tariya == Linzertorte ina sikkaa ko kaake ɓurɗe ɓooyde ɗe meeɗaa innireede e nokku.[2]  Duuɓi juutɗi, recipe ummoriiɗo e hitaande 1696 e nder defterdu Winer Stadt- und Landesbibliothek ko kañum ɓuri ɓooyde anndeede.  Kono e hitaande 2005, Waltraud Faißner, gardiiɗo defterdu leydi Otiris toowndu, binnduɗo deftere wiyeteende Wie mann die Linzer Dortten macht ("No Linzertorte waɗetee"), yiyti heen restoraa Veronese ɓurɗo ɓooyde, ina haani Co.35  e nder defterdu Abbey Admont.[2] Sosde Linzertorte ko huunde nde leƴƴanɗe keewɗe mbiyata, ina mbiya wonde ko jom suudu Vienne biyeteeɗo Linzer (hono no Alfred Polgar rokkiri ɗum nii) walla jom suudu jom suudu Frankon biyeteeɗo Johann Konrad Vogel (1796–1883), puɗɗinooɗo peewnugol Linzer e hitaande 1881. Eggoowo Otiris biyeteeɗo Franz Hölzlhuber wiyi ko kanko naatni Linzertorte e nder wuro Milwaukee ko e kitaale 1850.[3] == Feereeji == Linzertorte e nder mbaydi mbaylaandi Linzertorte ko yeeyooɓe ceertuɓe e nder leydi Otiris e caggal leydi peewnata ɗum, yeeyetee ɗum.  Ko ɓuri anndeede ko nokku bakkaat Jindrak, peewnoowo ko ina tolnoo e 100 000 kaake Linzertorte e hitaande,[4] .  Liz Linzer Torte, mo seerti e paaspoor mum ɓuuɓɗo gite, ina waɗi nate daneeje e daneeje, ina anndaa e winndere ndee kala, ina wiya ina jogii ɗaɗi teeŋtuɗi.[5]  Woɗɓe rokkooɓe kaake e paaspooruuji baɗɗi no Linzer nii, ina njeyaa heen Kurkonditorei Oberlaa lolluɗo mo Vienne e sosiyatee Ölz.  Linzertorte kadi ko bakkaatuuji keewɗi e nder leydi Itali peewnata, yeeyetee.[citation nécessaire] == Ƴeew kadi == Biskit laamu Vlaaay == Tuugnorgal == hegs64quyvh19atmkx5si36mw771c4l 0 42425 175782 2026-06-22T20:49:26Z Hauwa ali umar 8656 Created page with "'''Biskit njuumri''' ko sifaa biskit mo seerti e jogaade njuumri ko huunde mawnde.  Kuutorgal ngal ummorii ko to leyɗeele dentuɗe Amerik, ƴellitaare maggal fuɗɗii ko e kitaale 1910. == Tariya == George Washington Carver (1864-1943), jannginoowo yaajnude ndema Ameriknaajo, ummoriiɗo to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Tuskegee to Alabama, ko kañum ɓuri anndeede e ƴellitgol njuumri ngam lomtaade ndema kosam, ka mboros boll bonni no feewi.  O hawritii 105 restoraaji nju..." 175782 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Biskit njuumri''' ko sifaa biskit mo seerti e jogaade njuumri ko huunde mawnde.  Kuutorgal ngal ummorii ko to leyɗeele dentuɗe Amerik, ƴellitaare maggal fuɗɗii ko e kitaale 1910. == Tariya == George Washington Carver (1864-1943), jannginoowo yaajnude ndema Ameriknaajo, ummoriiɗo to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Tuskegee to Alabama, ko kañum ɓuri anndeede e ƴellitgol njuumri ngam lomtaade ndema kosam, ka mboros boll bonni no feewi.  O hawritii 105 restoraaji njuumri e nder defte coodguuli ceertuɗe, e jaayndeeji ndema, e geɗe goɗɗe.  E nder jaaynde makko wiɗto wiyeteende 1925, wiyeteende No njuumri mawnirta e laabi 105 ngam feewnude ɗum ngam ñaamde neɗɗo, o winndi heen peeje tati ngam cookiiji njuumri ina noddi njuumri ɓuuɓndi walla taƴndi.[1] Ko e fuɗɗoode kitaale 1930 tan, ɓuuɓri njuumri limtaa e nder cookiiji ɗii. == Fork toɓɓude e pattern == Kukiiji njuumri e dow laylaytolBiskiiji njuumri njuumri fork-scored Kuutorɗe njuumri gadane ɗee, ko ɓuuɓɗe, taƴee e mbaadiiji, walla nii, ɗe njippinee, ɗe mbaɗee balɗe ;  ɓe ngalaano maandeeji forfetere.  Ko adii fof, kollitooje maandeeji gonɗi e ŋoral (criss-cross) lolluɗi peewnaaɗi e ƴiye forfetere, njaltinaama e jaayɗe e fuɗɗoode ndunngu 1932, ina heen Schenectady Gazette ñalnde 1 sulyee ndeen hitaande.  Reseta biskituuji njuumri wiyi: "[s]hape e nder balle e caggal nde mbaɗ-ɗaa ɗe e dow ɓataake biskituuji, toɓɓu heen gooto fof les e forfetere, ko adii fof laawol gootol caggal ɗuum laawol goɗngol, mbele ɗe nannda e kareeli dow waffles."[2] E ko luutndii ciimtol ɓennungol ngol wonde maandeeji ɗii ko adii fof ko e nder Gattezepeardy the part  Koolaaɗo kuuɓal "Hints galleeji ɗi Mrs Mary Morton winndi", ko adii fof ko anndaa e binndol ngol ko ñalnde 13 lewru juko hitaande 1932, e nder jaaynde wiyeteende Camden Courier-Post to New Jersey.[3] Pillsbury, gooto e peewnugol muurtere mawnde, huutoriima forfetere e kitaale 1930.  Reseta Peanut Butter Balls e nder deftere Pillsbury’s Balanced Recipes yaltunde e hitaande 1933, yamiri coodoowo oo yo ɓuuɓnu cookirɗe ɗee e huutoraade ƴiye forfetere.  Ɗeeɗoo peeje gadane paamtinaani hol ko waɗi wasiyaaji ɗii ina ndokkee ngam huutoraade forfetere, hay so.  Sabaabu oo ko ɓuuɓri cookiiji njuumri ina tiiɗi, kadi so ɓuuɓnaaka, cookirɗe kala defataa no fotiri.  Huutoraade forfetere ngam ɓuuɓnude ɓuuɓri ko wellitaare kuutorgal ;  bakooɓe ina mbaawi kadi huutoraade ɓuuɓri cookirɗe (spatula). == Ƴeew kadi == Biskit ɓuuɓɗo (kukiiji ɓuuɓɗi e bonbon sokola Hershey's Kisses e hakkunde) Doggol cookiiji Doggol ñameele njuumri  Portal nguura == Tuugnorgal == mr1seqp3bj6g15mb6kfstj4z6hygvz4 175784 175782 2026-06-22T20:51:22Z Hauwa ali umar 8656 175784 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Biskit njuumri''' ko sifaa biskit mo seerti e jogaade njuumri ko huunde mawnde.  Kuutorgal ngal ummorii ko to leyɗeele dentuɗe Amerik, ƴellitaare maggal fuɗɗii ko e kitaale 1910. == Tariya == George Washington Carver (1864-1943), jannginoowo yaajnude ndema Ameriknaajo, ummoriiɗo to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Tuskegee to Alabama, ko kañum ɓuri anndeede e ƴellitgol njuumri ngam lomtaade ndema kosam, ka mboros boll bonni no feewi.  O hawritii 105 restoraaji njuumri e nder defte coodguuli ceertuɗe, e jaayndeeji ndema, e geɗe goɗɗe.  E nder jaaynde makko wiɗto wiyeteende 1925, wiyeteende No njuumri mawnirta e laabi 105 ngam feewnude ɗum ngam ñaamde neɗɗo, o winndi heen peeje tati ngam cookiiji njuumri ina noddi njuumri ɓuuɓndi walla taƴndi.[1] Ko e fuɗɗoode kitaale 1930 tan, ɓuuɓri njuumri limtaa e nder cookiiji ɗii. == Fork toɓɓude e pattern == Kukiiji njuumri e dow laylaytolBiskiiji njuumri njuumri fork-scored Kuutorɗe njuumri gadane ɗee, ko ɓuuɓɗe, taƴee e mbaadiiji, walla nii, ɗe njippinee, ɗe mbaɗee balɗe ;  ɓe ngalaano maandeeji forfetere.  Ko adii fof, kollitooje maandeeji gonɗi e ŋoral (criss-cross) lolluɗi peewnaaɗi e ƴiye forfetere, njaltinaama e jaayɗe e fuɗɗoode ndunngu 1932, ina heen Schenectady Gazette ñalnde 1 sulyee ndeen hitaande.  Reseta biskituuji njuumri wiyi: "[s]hape e nder balle e caggal nde mbaɗ-ɗaa ɗe e dow ɓataake biskituuji, toɓɓu heen gooto fof les e forfetere, ko adii fof laawol gootol caggal ɗuum laawol goɗngol, mbele ɗe nannda e kareeli dow waffles."[2] E ko luutndii ciimtol ɓennungol ngol wonde maandeeji ɗii ko adii fof ko e nder Gattezepeardy the part  Koolaaɗo kuuɓal "Hints galleeji ɗi Mrs Mary Morton winndi", ko adii fof ko anndaa e binndol ngol ko ñalnde 13 lewru juko hitaande 1932, e nder jaaynde wiyeteende Camden Courier-Post to New Jersey.[3] Pillsbury, gooto e peewnugol muurtere mawnde, huutoriima forfetere e kitaale 1930.  Reseta Peanut Butter Balls e nder deftere Pillsbury’s Balanced Recipes yaltunde e hitaande 1933, yamiri coodoowo oo yo ɓuuɓnu cookirɗe ɗee e huutoraade ƴiye forfetere.  Ɗeeɗoo peeje gadane paamtinaani hol ko waɗi wasiyaaji ɗii ina ndokkee ngam huutoraade forfetere, hay so.  Sabaabu oo ko ɓuuɓri cookiiji njuumri ina tiiɗi, kadi so ɓuuɓnaaka, cookirɗe kala defataa no fotiri.  Huutoraade forfetere ngam ɓuuɓnude ɓuuɓri ko wellitaare kuutorgal ;  bakooɓe ina mbaawi kadi huutoraade ɓuuɓri cookirɗe (spatula). == Ƴeew kadi == Biskit ɓuuɓɗo (kukiiji ɓuuɓɗi e bonbon sokola Hershey's Kisses e hakkunde) Doggol cookiiji Doggol ñameele njuumri  Portal nguura == Tuugnorgal == lon3bvtzst40kir9f2m5cz82njsl4ki 0 42426 175789 2026-06-22T22:08:07Z Isa Oumar 9821 Created page with "'''Betty Jocelyne Okagua -''' <ref name="ref52">{{cite news|url=https://www.businessdayonline.com/national-assembly-compiles-for-review-250-laws-that-hamper-businesses-in-nigeria/|title=National Assembly compiles for review 250 laws that hamper businesses in Nigeria|work=[[Business Day (Nigeria)|Business Day]]|date=3 May 2016|accessdate=31 October 2017|archive-date=7 November 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171107032544/https://www.businessdayonline.com/na..." 175789 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Betty Jocelyne Okagua -''' <ref name="ref52">{{cite news|url=https://www.businessdayonline.com/national-assembly-compiles-for-review-250-laws-that-hamper-businesses-in-nigeria/|title=National Assembly compiles for review 250 laws that hamper businesses in Nigeria|work=[[Business Day (Nigeria)|Business Day]]|date=3 May 2016|accessdate=31 October 2017|archive-date=7 November 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171107032544/https://www.businessdayonline.com/national-assembly-compiles-for-review-250-laws-that-hamper-businesses-in-nigeria/|url-status=dead}}</ref>Apiafi (jibinaa ko 19 feebariyee 1962) ko ganndo politik, ganndo faggudu, banke pentiirɗo, ganndo jaŋde. Apiafi suɓaama nder suudu sarɗiiji lesdi Naajeeriya ngam lesdi Rivers West nder hitaande 2019. O laati kadi tergal nder suudu sarɗiiji ngam lesdi Abua/Odual-Ahoada Fuunaange lesdi Rivers gila hitaande 2007. O woni tergal nder lannda Democratic Peoples (PDP).<ref name="ref5">{{cite news|url=https://www.businessdayonline.com/national-assembly-compiles-for-review-250-laws-that-hamper-businesses-in-nigeria/|title=National Assembly compiles for review 250 laws that hamper businesses in Nigeria|work=[[Business Day (Nigeria)|Business Day]]|date=3 May 2016|accessdate=31 October 2017|archive-date=7 November 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171107032544/https://www.businessdayonline.com/national-assembly-compiles-for-review-250-laws-that-hamper-businesses-in-nigeria/|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Nguurndam e jaŋde puɗɗagol == Apiafi jibinaa ko ñalnde 19 feebariyee 1962. O heɓi dipoloma makko ko faati e faggudu to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Port Harcourt, o heɓi kadi dipoloma makko ko to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde ganndal e karallaagal Rivers State.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2020-03-11|title=Many male senators oppose inclusion of gender equality in Nigerian Constitution|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/381252-many-male-senators-oppose-inclusion-of-gender-equality-in-nigerian-constitution.html|access-date=2022-02-21|language=en-GB|newspaper=[[Premium Times]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=2020-03-11|title=Many male senators oppose inclusion of gender equality in Nigerian Constitution|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/381252-many-male-senators-oppose-inclusion-of-gender-equality-in-nigerian-constitution.html|access-date=2022-02-21|language=en-GB|newspaper=[[Premium Times]]}}</ref> == Suudu sarɗiiji == E nder laamu makko to suudu sarɗiiji (2007–2019), Apiafi ko daraniiɗo no feewi geɗe rewɓe, jaŋde e peewnugol bankeeji. Rewɓe woɗɓe cuɓaaɓe ɓee ko Folake Olunloyo, Maimunat Adaji, Marta Bodunrin, Suleiman Oba Nimota, Mulikat Adeola Akande, Uche Lilian Ekunife, Beni Lar, Lynda Chuba-Ikpeazu, Mercy Almona-Isei, Doris Uboh, e Olubimi]Etteh. O walli biyeeji keewɗi, o ƴetti golle keewɗe.<ref name="ref53">{{cite news|url=https://www.businessdayonline.com/national-assembly-compiles-for-review-250-laws-that-hamper-businesses-in-nigeria/|title=National Assembly compiles for review 250 laws that hamper businesses in Nigeria|work=[[Business Day (Nigeria)|Business Day]]|date=3 May 2016|accessdate=31 October 2017|archive-date=7 November 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171107032544/https://www.businessdayonline.com/national-assembly-compiles-for-review-250-laws-that-hamper-businesses-in-nigeria/|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Terɗe goomu nguu == Ndee feccere nguurndam neɗɗo guurɗo alaa ko woni heen so wonaa tuugnorgal walla lowre. Eɗen ñaagii nde mballata e ɓeydude lowre koolkisaande. Geɗe luulndiiɗe ko fayti e yimɓe wuurɓe ɗe ngalaa ɗo tuugii walla ɗe ngalaa ɗo tuugnii, ina poti ittude ɗoon e ɗoon, haa teeŋti noon so tawii ina mbaawi bonnude walla bonnude. (Oktoobar 2020) (Anndu no e hol nde ittata ndee mesaas) Apiafi ardii goomuuji keewɗi e nder laamu makko e nder suudu sarɗiiji hakkunde duuɓi 2007 e 2019. Ina jeyaa heen : * Hooreejo Goomu suudu sarɗiiji ngam cellal * Cukko hooreejo Goomu suudu sarɗiiji ko faati e Diaspora * Tergal Goomu suudu ngam ndema * Goomu tergal suudu sarɗiiji ko faati e Komiseer ƴellitaare Delta Niiseer * Terɗe Goomu suudu sarɗiiji ko faati e bankeeji e kaalis * Terɗe Goomu suudu sarɗiiji ngam geɗe woote * Tergal Goomu suudu sarɗiiji ngam kisal ngenndi * Tergal Goomu suudu sarɗiiji ngam geɗe rewɓe * Tergal Goomu suudu ngam rewɓe e nder parlemaa * Tergal Goomu suudu sarɗiiji ko faati e Aviation * Golle galle Ndee feccere nguurndam neɗɗo guurɗo alaa ko woni heen so wonaa tuugnorgal walla lowre. Eɗen ñaagii nde mballata e ɓeydude lowre koolkisaande. Geɗe luulndiiɗe ko fayti e yimɓe wuurɓe ɗe ngalaa ɗo tuugii walla ɗe ngalaa ɗo tuugnii, ina poti ittude ɗoon e ɗoon, haa teeŋti noon so tawii ina mbaawi bonnude walla bonnude. (Oktoobar 2020) (Anndu no e hol nde ittata ndee mesaas) E hitaande 2011, Apiafi ɗonno nder limngal suɓaaɓe nder depiteeji lesdi Naajeeriya ngam heɓugo bawɗe waylugo doosɗe lesdi Naajeeriya 1999 ɗe hooreejo lesdi Naajeeriya jaɓi nden ko hooreejo lesdi Naajeeriya nden, Dr. Goodluck Ebele Jonathan jaɓi. O woniino kadi tergal e Parlemaa PAN Afrik 2007–2015, gardiiɗo Delegaasiyoŋ suudu sarɗiiji to Parlemaa PAN Afrik 2011- 2015. == Senaa == Apiafi suɓaama nder suudu joonde diidaaɗi lesdi Naajeeriya nder suudu joonde diidaaɗi lesdi Naajeeriya nder hitaande 2019 e les njiimaandi lanyol yimɓe. O wonii hannde ko gardiiɗo diiwaan senaa Rivers West. Kanko woni debbo arandeejo nder suudu joonde diidaaɗi lesdi Naajeeriya, nden boo o woni tergal nder suudu joonde diidaaɗi lesdi Naajeeriya diga lesdi Rivers. Terɗe goomu nguu Ndee feccere nguurndam neɗɗo guurɗo alaa ko woni heen so wonaa tuugnorgal walla lowre. Eɗen ñaagii nde mballata e ɓeydude lowre koolkisaande. Geɗe luulndiiɗe ko fayti e yimɓe wuurɓe ɗe ngalaa ɗo tuugii walla ɗe ngalaa ɗo tuugnii, ina poti ittude ɗoon e ɗoon, haa teeŋti noon so tawii ina mbaawi bonnude walla bonnude. (Oktoobar 2020) (Anndu no e hol nde ittata ndee mesaas) Hooreejo Goomu ko faati e geɗe rewɓe Tergal Goomu Cellal * Goomu tergal ngam ɗooftagol sariyaaji * Tergal Goomu kuule e njulaagu * Goomu tergal ko faati e petroŋ (To dow) * Tergal Goomu ko faati e nder leydi * Tergal Goomu ko faati e nokkuuji * Goomu tergal ko faati e SDG * Goomu tergal ko fayti e bankeeji e juɓɓule kaalis goɗɗe * Tergal Goomu ko faati e Ferma == Tuugnorgal == lnwluwx4awpsd1dscvaqgtl7r7kp6oa 175790 175789 2026-06-22T22:10:05Z Isa Oumar 9821 175790 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}'''Betty Jocelyne Okagua -''' <ref name="ref52">{{cite news|url=https://www.businessdayonline.com/national-assembly-compiles-for-review-250-laws-that-hamper-businesses-in-nigeria/|title=National Assembly compiles for review 250 laws that hamper businesses in Nigeria|work=[[Business Day (Nigeria)|Business Day]]|date=3 May 2016|accessdate=31 October 2017|archive-date=7 November 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171107032544/https://www.businessdayonline.com/national-assembly-compiles-for-review-250-laws-that-hamper-businesses-in-nigeria/|url-status=dead}}</ref>Apiafi (jibinaa ko 19 feebariyee 1962) ko ganndo politik, ganndo faggudu, banke pentiirɗo, ganndo jaŋde. Apiafi suɓaama nder suudu sarɗiiji lesdi Naajeeriya ngam lesdi Rivers West nder hitaande 2019. O laati kadi tergal nder suudu sarɗiiji ngam lesdi Abua/Odual-Ahoada Fuunaange lesdi Rivers gila hitaande 2007. O woni tergal nder lannda Democratic Peoples (PDP).<ref name="ref5">{{cite news|url=https://www.businessdayonline.com/national-assembly-compiles-for-review-250-laws-that-hamper-businesses-in-nigeria/|title=National Assembly compiles for review 250 laws that hamper businesses in Nigeria|work=[[Business Day (Nigeria)|Business Day]]|date=3 May 2016|accessdate=31 October 2017|archive-date=7 November 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171107032544/https://www.businessdayonline.com/national-assembly-compiles-for-review-250-laws-that-hamper-businesses-in-nigeria/|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Nguurndam e jaŋde puɗɗagol == Apiafi jibinaa ko ñalnde 19 feebariyee 1962. O heɓi dipoloma makko ko faati e faggudu to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Port Harcourt, o heɓi kadi dipoloma makko ko to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde ganndal e karallaagal Rivers State.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2020-03-11|title=Many male senators oppose inclusion of gender equality in Nigerian Constitution|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/381252-many-male-senators-oppose-inclusion-of-gender-equality-in-nigerian-constitution.html|access-date=2022-02-21|language=en-GB|newspaper=[[Premium Times]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=2020-03-11|title=Many male senators oppose inclusion of gender equality in Nigerian Constitution|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/381252-many-male-senators-oppose-inclusion-of-gender-equality-in-nigerian-constitution.html|access-date=2022-02-21|language=en-GB|newspaper=[[Premium Times]]}}</ref> == Suudu sarɗiiji == E nder laamu makko to suudu sarɗiiji (2007–2019), Apiafi ko daraniiɗo no feewi geɗe rewɓe, jaŋde e peewnugol bankeeji. Rewɓe woɗɓe cuɓaaɓe ɓee ko Folake Olunloyo, Maimunat Adaji, Marta Bodunrin, Suleiman Oba Nimota, Mulikat Adeola Akande, Uche Lilian Ekunife, Beni Lar, Lynda Chuba-Ikpeazu, Mercy Almona-Isei, Doris Uboh, e Olubimi]Etteh. O walli biyeeji keewɗi, o ƴetti golle keewɗe.<ref name="ref53">{{cite news|url=https://www.businessdayonline.com/national-assembly-compiles-for-review-250-laws-that-hamper-businesses-in-nigeria/|title=National Assembly compiles for review 250 laws that hamper businesses in Nigeria|work=[[Business Day (Nigeria)|Business Day]]|date=3 May 2016|accessdate=31 October 2017|archive-date=7 November 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171107032544/https://www.businessdayonline.com/national-assembly-compiles-for-review-250-laws-that-hamper-businesses-in-nigeria/|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Terɗe goomu nguu == Ndee feccere nguurndam neɗɗo guurɗo alaa ko woni heen so wonaa tuugnorgal walla lowre. Eɗen ñaagii nde mballata e ɓeydude lowre koolkisaande. Geɗe luulndiiɗe ko fayti e yimɓe wuurɓe ɗe ngalaa ɗo tuugii walla ɗe ngalaa ɗo tuugnii, ina poti ittude ɗoon e ɗoon, haa teeŋti noon so tawii ina mbaawi bonnude walla bonnude. (Oktoobar 2020) (Anndu no e hol nde ittata ndee mesaas) Apiafi ardii goomuuji keewɗi e nder laamu makko e nder suudu sarɗiiji hakkunde duuɓi 2007 e 2019. Ina jeyaa heen : * Hooreejo Goomu suudu sarɗiiji ngam cellal * Cukko hooreejo Goomu suudu sarɗiiji ko faati e Diaspora * Tergal Goomu suudu ngam ndema * Goomu tergal suudu sarɗiiji ko faati e Komiseer ƴellitaare Delta Niiseer * Terɗe Goomu suudu sarɗiiji ko faati e bankeeji e kaalis * Terɗe Goomu suudu sarɗiiji ngam geɗe woote * Tergal Goomu suudu sarɗiiji ngam kisal ngenndi * Tergal Goomu suudu sarɗiiji ngam geɗe rewɓe * Tergal Goomu suudu ngam rewɓe e nder parlemaa * Tergal Goomu suudu sarɗiiji ko faati e Aviation * Golle galle Ndee feccere nguurndam neɗɗo guurɗo alaa ko woni heen so wonaa tuugnorgal walla lowre. Eɗen ñaagii nde mballata e ɓeydude lowre koolkisaande. Geɗe luulndiiɗe ko fayti e yimɓe wuurɓe ɗe ngalaa ɗo tuugii walla ɗe ngalaa ɗo tuugnii, ina poti ittude ɗoon e ɗoon, haa teeŋti noon so tawii ina mbaawi bonnude walla bonnude. (Oktoobar 2020) (Anndu no e hol nde ittata ndee mesaas) E hitaande 2011, Apiafi ɗonno nder limngal suɓaaɓe nder depiteeji lesdi Naajeeriya ngam heɓugo bawɗe waylugo doosɗe lesdi Naajeeriya 1999 ɗe hooreejo lesdi Naajeeriya jaɓi nden ko hooreejo lesdi Naajeeriya nden, Dr. Goodluck Ebele Jonathan jaɓi. O woniino kadi tergal e Parlemaa PAN Afrik 2007–2015, gardiiɗo Delegaasiyoŋ suudu sarɗiiji to Parlemaa PAN Afrik 2011- 2015. == Senaa == Apiafi suɓaama nder suudu joonde diidaaɗi lesdi Naajeeriya nder suudu joonde diidaaɗi lesdi Naajeeriya nder hitaande 2019 e les njiimaandi lanyol yimɓe. O wonii hannde ko gardiiɗo diiwaan senaa Rivers West. Kanko woni debbo arandeejo nder suudu joonde diidaaɗi lesdi Naajeeriya, nden boo o woni tergal nder suudu joonde diidaaɗi lesdi Naajeeriya diga lesdi Rivers. Terɗe goomu nguu Ndee feccere nguurndam neɗɗo guurɗo alaa ko woni heen so wonaa tuugnorgal walla lowre. Eɗen ñaagii nde mballata e ɓeydude lowre koolkisaande. Geɗe luulndiiɗe ko fayti e yimɓe wuurɓe ɗe ngalaa ɗo tuugii walla ɗe ngalaa ɗo tuugnii, ina poti ittude ɗoon e ɗoon, haa teeŋti noon so tawii ina mbaawi bonnude walla bonnude. (Oktoobar 2020) (Anndu no e hol nde ittata ndee mesaas) Hooreejo Goomu ko faati e geɗe rewɓe Tergal Goomu Cellal * Goomu tergal ngam ɗooftagol sariyaaji * Tergal Goomu kuule e njulaagu * Goomu tergal ko faati e petroŋ (To dow) * Tergal Goomu ko faati e nder leydi * Tergal Goomu ko faati e nokkuuji * Goomu tergal ko faati e SDG * Goomu tergal ko fayti e bankeeji e juɓɓule kaalis goɗɗe * Tergal Goomu ko faati e Ferma == Tuugnorgal == cmt359ynubw6vhlz0jay5xqfot89n3d 0 42427 175791 2026-06-23T05:08:06Z Sirjat 14855 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1215175816|Morondava River]]" 175791 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Morondava''' ko maayo wonngo e diiwaan Menabe, ngo woni ko e hirnaange [[Madagaska|Madagaskaar]] . Nde ummorii ko e maayo Makay, nde rewi ko e maayo Inndo sara wuro inniraango maayo ngoo . Mama dake fkd ddjf dkd == Baraasuuji == 71ffm7ud4yzja27vkmybw9q9mof41po 175792 175791 2026-06-23T05:08:33Z Sirjat 14855 175792 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Morondava''' ko maayo wonngo e diiwaan Menabe, ngo woni ko e hirnaange [[Madagaska|Madagaskaar]] . Nde ummorii ko e maayo Makay, nde rewi ko e maayo Inndo sara wuro inniraango maayo ngoo . == Baraasuuji == jaqy15zsow63ayo0bw5alqjq0ztk1tv 175793 175792 2026-06-23T05:09:17Z Sirjat 14855 175793 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Morondava''' ko maayo wonngo e diiwaan Menabe, ngo woni ko e hirnaange [[Madagaska|Madagaskaar]] . Nde ummorii ko e maayo Makay, nde rewi ko e maayo Inndo sara wuro inniraango maayo ngoo . ==Dam== *The [[Dabara dam]].<ref>[http://www.recherches.gov.mg/IMG/pdf/articles_publiables-85-93.pdf Le périmètre irrigué de Dabara : un potentiel économique mal exploité]</ref> == Baraasuuji == if3dytkg7l40uhmbv8d5ib2aeu0dqgf 0 42428 175794 2026-06-23T05:17:16Z Sirjat 14855 Created page with "[[File:Face Adrenalin Bloukrans Bridge Bungy.jpg|thumb|Diwgol bungy Face Adrenalin dow Pont Bloukrans]] '''Bloukrans Bridge Bungy''' ɗum go'o nder nokkuuje diwgol bungy ɓuri towgo ha duniyaaru ngam njulaaku, ha towngo meeteerji 216 dow Maayo Bloukrans.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.extremescene.co.za/package-2.php |title=Extreme Scene ref Worlds Highest Bridge Bungy |access-date=5 February 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130208210029/http://www.extreme..." 175794 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Face Adrenalin Bloukrans Bridge Bungy.jpg|thumb|Diwgol bungy Face Adrenalin dow Pont Bloukrans]] '''Bloukrans Bridge Bungy''' ɗum go'o nder nokkuuje diwgol bungy ɓuri towgo ha duniyaaru ngam njulaaku, ha towngo meeteerji 216 dow Maayo Bloukrans.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.extremescene.co.za/package-2.php |title=Extreme Scene ref Worlds Highest Bridge Bungy |access-date=5 February 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130208210029/http://www.extremescene.co.za/package-2.php |archive-date=8 February 2013 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ɗum ɗon ha Pont Bloukrans dow laawol mawnugo N2 ha keeri hakkunde Eastern Cape e Western Cape ha nokkuure Tsitsikamma nder Garden Route ha Afrik dow foomina. Kamfani Face Adrenalin ɗon yiila ɗum ngam njulaaku gila hitaande 1997.<ref>[http://www.Faceadrenalin.com Face Adrenalin Website], retrieved 25 April 2012</ref><ref>[http://www.southafrica.net/sat/content/en/za/product-detail?oid=334818&sn=Detail&pid=90676&Bloukrans-Bungy South African Tourism Official Website], retrieved 25 April 2012</ref><ref>[http://www.sa-venues.com/things-to-do/gardenroute/bloukrans-bridge-bungee-jump/ SA Venues Website], retrieved 25 April 2012</ref> == Taariha == E hitaande 1990, Pont Maayo Bloukrans latti pont artuɗo ha Afrik ngam diwgol bungee. Face Adrenalin mo Devan Tuohey kafi, ɗon yiila diwgol bungy Pont Bloukrans walaa ko saabi masiiba gila hitaande 1997.<ref>[http://www.mydestination.com/gardenroute/things-to-do/110216/bungee-jumping-at-the-bloukrans-bridge My Destination Website], retrieved 26 April 2012</ref> == Winnditaade mawnunde ha duniyaaru == Mohr Keet kafi winnditande Guinness World Record<ref>[http://ireport.cnn.com/docs/DOC-429989 CNN], retrieved 25 April 2012</ref> bana neɗɗo ɓuri maunugo gite guurɗo diwɗo bungy nde o diwri gila Pont Bloukrans nyande 6 Abriil 2010 e duuɓi 96.<ref>[http://www.thistourismweek.co.za/newsletters/97-year-old-mohr-keet-to-make-4th-bungy-jump/ This Tourism Week], retrieved 25 April 2012</ref><ref>[http://www.worldrecordsacademy.org/stunts/oldest_bungee_jumper_world_record_set_by_Mohr_Keet_101633.htm World Records Academy], retrieved 25 April 2012</ref> Scott Huntly helti winnditande duniyaaru ngam diwgol bungee ɓuri ɗuuɗugo nder ndeerewol go'o nde o diwri gila Pont Bloukrans laabi 107 nder njamndiije joweenayi nyande 11 Mayu 2011. Scott timmini kuugal ngal ngam teftugo tursi seede ngam kuuje ummatore nokkuure ɗon.<ref>[http://www.worldrecordsacademy.org/stunts/most_bungee_jumps_in_a_day_Scott_Huntly_sets_world_record_112244.html World Records Academy], retrieved 26 April 2012</ref> Winnditande duniyaaru ngam diwgol bungy ɓuri ɗuuɗugo nder njamndiije 24 ɗon joganoo Bill Boshoff mo Afrik dow foomina, mo waɗi diwgol bungy laabi 101 nder njamndiije 14 e mintiiji 23 ha Bloukrans nyande 10 Mayu 2002. Winnditande ɗon darii haa nyande 16 Ogasta 2008 nde Mike Heard helti winnditande nden bee diwgol bungy laabi 103 nder njamndiije 24 gila Pont Harbour mo Auckland.<ref>[http://www.worldrecordsacademy.org/stunts/most_bungee_jumps_in_24_hours-world_record_set_by_Mike_Heard_80354.htm World Records Academy], retrieved 26 April 2012</ref> Veronica Dean-Boshoff kafi winnditande duniyaaru ngam heɓugo diwgol laabi 19 nder njamndi ngo'otiri nyande 9 Mayu 2002. == Ndabaari njillu mardum hakkilo == Yillaɓe diwgol bungy Pont Bloukrans, Face Adrenalin, ɗon kuwina yimɓe 60 gila e ummatore ɓadiiɗe ɗon – Coldstream, Thornham, Storms River, Covie, e The Crags - bana bumbum ha kuugal diwgol bungy Pont Bloukrans.<ref>[http://www.thistourismweek.co.za/newsletters/bloukrans-bungy-lifeblood-of-a-community/ This Tourism Week], retrieved 10 May 2012</ref> Kaso mawɗo gila e njaajndi kudi nafa ɗon luytano asusun amana ummatore nokkuure gila hitaande 1998.<ref>[http://www.thistourismweek.co.za/newsletters/bloukrans-bungy-lifeblood-of-a-community/ This Tourism Week], retrieved 10 May 2012</ref> == Hiitordu == {{reflist|2}} == Jokkondire yaasi == * [http://www.FaceAdrenalin.com Yanar gizon Face Adrenalin] 20bvqmyg674zl944m72ou6xhwg10svq 175795 175794 2026-06-23T05:18:00Z Sirjat 14855 175795 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[File:Face Adrenalin Bloukrans Bridge Bungy.jpg|thumb|Diwgol bungy Face Adrenalin dow Pont Bloukrans]] '''Bloukrans Bridge Bungy''' ɗum go'o nder nokkuuje diwgol bungy ɓuri towgo ha duniyaaru ngam njulaaku, ha towngo meeteerji 216 dow Maayo Bloukrans.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.extremescene.co.za/package-2.php |title=Extreme Scene ref Worlds Highest Bridge Bungy |access-date=5 February 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130208210029/http://www.extremescene.co.za/package-2.php |archive-date=8 February 2013 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ɗum ɗon ha Pont Bloukrans dow laawol mawnugo N2 ha keeri hakkunde Eastern Cape e Western Cape ha nokkuure Tsitsikamma nder Garden Route ha Afrik dow foomina. Kamfani Face Adrenalin ɗon yiila ɗum ngam njulaaku gila hitaande 1997.<ref>[http://www.Faceadrenalin.com Face Adrenalin Website], retrieved 25 April 2012</ref><ref>[http://www.southafrica.net/sat/content/en/za/product-detail?oid=334818&sn=Detail&pid=90676&Bloukrans-Bungy South African Tourism Official Website], retrieved 25 April 2012</ref><ref>[http://www.sa-venues.com/things-to-do/gardenroute/bloukrans-bridge-bungee-jump/ SA Venues Website], retrieved 25 April 2012</ref> == Taariha == E hitaande 1990, Pont Maayo Bloukrans latti pont artuɗo ha Afrik ngam diwgol bungee. Face Adrenalin mo Devan Tuohey kafi, ɗon yiila diwgol bungy Pont Bloukrans walaa ko saabi masiiba gila hitaande 1997.<ref>[http://www.mydestination.com/gardenroute/things-to-do/110216/bungee-jumping-at-the-bloukrans-bridge My Destination Website], retrieved 26 April 2012</ref> == Winnditaade mawnunde ha duniyaaru == Mohr Keet kafi winnditande Guinness World Record<ref>[http://ireport.cnn.com/docs/DOC-429989 CNN], retrieved 25 April 2012</ref> bana neɗɗo ɓuri maunugo gite guurɗo diwɗo bungy nde o diwri gila Pont Bloukrans nyande 6 Abriil 2010 e duuɓi 96.<ref>[http://www.thistourismweek.co.za/newsletters/97-year-old-mohr-keet-to-make-4th-bungy-jump/ This Tourism Week], retrieved 25 April 2012</ref><ref>[http://www.worldrecordsacademy.org/stunts/oldest_bungee_jumper_world_record_set_by_Mohr_Keet_101633.htm World Records Academy], retrieved 25 April 2012</ref> Scott Huntly helti winnditande duniyaaru ngam diwgol bungee ɓuri ɗuuɗugo nder ndeerewol go'o nde o diwri gila Pont Bloukrans laabi 107 nder njamndiije joweenayi nyande 11 Mayu 2011. Scott timmini kuugal ngal ngam teftugo tursi seede ngam kuuje ummatore nokkuure ɗon.<ref>[http://www.worldrecordsacademy.org/stunts/most_bungee_jumps_in_a_day_Scott_Huntly_sets_world_record_112244.html World Records Academy], retrieved 26 April 2012</ref> Winnditande duniyaaru ngam diwgol bungy ɓuri ɗuuɗugo nder njamndiije 24 ɗon joganoo Bill Boshoff mo Afrik dow foomina, mo waɗi diwgol bungy laabi 101 nder njamndiije 14 e mintiiji 23 ha Bloukrans nyande 10 Mayu 2002. Winnditande ɗon darii haa nyande 16 Ogasta 2008 nde Mike Heard helti winnditande nden bee diwgol bungy laabi 103 nder njamndiije 24 gila Pont Harbour mo Auckland.<ref>[http://www.worldrecordsacademy.org/stunts/most_bungee_jumps_in_24_hours-world_record_set_by_Mike_Heard_80354.htm World Records Academy], retrieved 26 April 2012</ref> Veronica Dean-Boshoff kafi winnditande duniyaaru ngam heɓugo diwgol laabi 19 nder njamndi ngo'otiri nyande 9 Mayu 2002. == Ndabaari njillu mardum hakkilo == Yillaɓe diwgol bungy Pont Bloukrans, Face Adrenalin, ɗon kuwina yimɓe 60 gila e ummatore ɓadiiɗe ɗon – Coldstream, Thornham, Storms River, Covie, e The Crags - bana bumbum ha kuugal diwgol bungy Pont Bloukrans.<ref>[http://www.thistourismweek.co.za/newsletters/bloukrans-bungy-lifeblood-of-a-community/ This Tourism Week], retrieved 10 May 2012</ref> Kaso mawɗo gila e njaajndi kudi nafa ɗon luytano asusun amana ummatore nokkuure gila hitaande 1998.<ref>[http://www.thistourismweek.co.za/newsletters/bloukrans-bungy-lifeblood-of-a-community/ This Tourism Week], retrieved 10 May 2012</ref> == Hiitordu == {{reflist|2}} == Jokkondire yaasi == * [http://www.FaceAdrenalin.com Yanar gizon Face Adrenalin] h2ep0sdi3xyy5mio6b8syy6xtpgwuz9 0 42429 175796 2026-06-23T06:05:21Z Nnamadee 11577 Created page with "'''Baraas Darlington''', ina wiyee kadi maayo Mentz, ko baraas mo mbaydi teddeendi (gravité) woni e nder nokku biyeteeɗo Addo Elephant, ina fawii e maayo Sundays, sara Kirkwood, to Fuɗnaange Kap, Afrik worgo. == Tariya == Faandaare adannde e mahngo baraas oo ko rokkude ndiyam keewɗam e duumotooɗam ngam irrigaasiyoŋ mawɗo e nder nokkuuji ɓuuɓɗi, haa teeŋti noon e mooftude e jogaade ndiyam ilam. E hitaande 1917, fedde toppitiinde ko fayti e ndiyam maayo Sundays..." 175796 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Baraas Darlington''', ina wiyee kadi maayo Mentz, ko baraas mo mbaydi teddeendi (gravité) woni e nder nokku biyeteeɗo Addo Elephant, ina fawii e maayo Sundays, sara Kirkwood, to Fuɗnaange Kap, Afrik worgo. == Tariya == Faandaare adannde e mahngo baraas oo ko rokkude ndiyam keewɗam e duumotooɗam ngam irrigaasiyoŋ mawɗo e nder nokkuuji ɓuuɓɗi, haa teeŋti noon e mooftude e jogaade ndiyam ilam. E hitaande 1917, fedde toppitiinde ko fayti e ndiyam maayo Sundays sosaa, ƴetti eɓɓaande ndee e juuɗe Departemaa ndiyam laamu nguu e hitaande 1918. Pewnugol ngol waɗii caɗeele keewɗe, haa arti noon e ŋakkeende kaɓirɗe e masiŋaaji, e ŋakkeende saabiinde wolde adunaare adannde, golle ɗe moƴƴaani e grippe (epidebo1, soldateeɓe arooɓe1). logistik caɗtuɗo e yooro.[1] Leelgol golle ɗee addani sosiyeteeji ndiyam ɗii caɗeele kaalis keewɗe, haa jooni Dowla oo ina foti ƴettude ñamaale ndiyam ɗee, £2,350,000 ina foti winndeede.[1] Baraas oo timminaama e hitaande 1922, o hebbi tan ko e hitaande 1928, leelgol ngol waɗi ko yooro mawngo.[1] Baraas asliijo oo waɗiraa ko ngam mooftude 142 miliyoŋ m3. Toowgol vursugol ngol e maayo Sundays ngol firti ko vursugol vursugol ngol e nder vursugol ngol ina yaawi ustude mbaawka mum. Koɗorɗe baraas oo ƴettaa ko 1,5 m e hitaande 1935, kadi ɓeydaama kadi 5,8 m (toɓɓere 327 628 072 m3) e hitaande 1951/52 ngam haɓaade ŋakkeende njuuteendi desorɗe.[1] Baraas mahaaɗo oo udditaa ko ñalnde 26 abriil 1952, ko jaagorgal leydi e ndiyam e oon sahaa, hono J. G. Strijdom, e golle ɗe fedde toppitiinde ndiyam maayo Sundays toppitii, tawi ko J. Kevin Murphy woni injenieer konsulteer. E hitaande 1979, weendu nduu majjii 41,47% e mbaadiiji mum desorɗe, tawi ko ~135 870 000 m3 ɓuuɓol nanngaa caggal mahol ngol.[2] Jooni noon, ɓuuɓri ndii ina jogii 187 000 000 meeteer kuuɓtodinɗo (6,6×109 cu ft), tawi ko 35,3 meeteer (116 ft) toowɗo. Faandaare maggal adannde ko ndiyam, kuutoragol e nder gollorɗe e nder galleeji. apun1umxkszp9vsd8vt1c2bajqomwet 175797 175796 2026-06-23T06:05:51Z Nnamadee 11577 175797 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Baraas Darlington''', ina wiyee kadi maayo Mentz, ko baraas mo mbaydi teddeendi (gravité) woni e nder nokku biyeteeɗo Addo Elephant, ina fawii e maayo Sundays, sara Kirkwood, to Fuɗnaange Kap, Afrik worgo. == Tariya == Faandaare adannde e mahngo baraas oo ko rokkude ndiyam keewɗam e duumotooɗam ngam irrigaasiyoŋ mawɗo e nder nokkuuji ɓuuɓɗi, haa teeŋti noon e mooftude e jogaade ndiyam ilam. E hitaande 1917, fedde toppitiinde ko fayti e ndiyam maayo Sundays sosaa, ƴetti eɓɓaande ndee e juuɗe Departemaa ndiyam laamu nguu e hitaande 1918. Pewnugol ngol waɗii caɗeele keewɗe, haa arti noon e ŋakkeende kaɓirɗe e masiŋaaji, e ŋakkeende saabiinde wolde adunaare adannde, golle ɗe moƴƴaani e grippe (epidebo1, soldateeɓe arooɓe1). logistik caɗtuɗo e yooro.[1] Leelgol golle ɗee addani sosiyeteeji ndiyam ɗii caɗeele kaalis keewɗe, haa jooni Dowla oo ina foti ƴettude ñamaale ndiyam ɗee, £2,350,000 ina foti winndeede.[1] Baraas oo timminaama e hitaande 1922, o hebbi tan ko e hitaande 1928, leelgol ngol waɗi ko yooro mawngo.[1] Baraas asliijo oo waɗiraa ko ngam mooftude 142 miliyoŋ m3. Toowgol vursugol ngol e maayo Sundays ngol firti ko vursugol vursugol ngol e nder vursugol ngol ina yaawi ustude mbaawka mum. Koɗorɗe baraas oo ƴettaa ko 1,5 m e hitaande 1935, kadi ɓeydaama kadi 5,8 m (toɓɓere 327 628 072 m3) e hitaande 1951/52 ngam haɓaade ŋakkeende njuuteendi desorɗe.[1] Baraas mahaaɗo oo udditaa ko ñalnde 26 abriil 1952, ko jaagorgal leydi e ndiyam e oon sahaa, hono J. G. Strijdom, e golle ɗe fedde toppitiinde ndiyam maayo Sundays toppitii, tawi ko J. Kevin Murphy woni injenieer konsulteer. E hitaande 1979, weendu nduu majjii 41,47% e mbaadiiji mum desorɗe, tawi ko ~135 870 000 m3 ɓuuɓol nanngaa caggal mahol ngol.[2] Jooni noon, ɓuuɓri ndii ina jogii 187 000 000 meeteer kuuɓtodinɗo (6,6×109 cu ft), tawi ko 35,3 meeteer (116 ft) toowɗo. Faandaare maggal adannde ko ndiyam, kuutoragol e nder gollorɗe e nder galleeji. Yoro mawngo ngo 1966 e 1967 teeŋtinii wonde ina haani fuɗɗoraade golle e dow kanndaa Skoenmakers (capaato : 22 m3/s) ngam jokkondirde maayo liɗɗi mawngo e baraas Darlington ko yaawi. E nder njiylawu ɓeydagol ndiyam les ɓuuɓri Darlington e ɗaɓɓaande ndiyam e nder wuro laamorgo Port Elizabeth, fellitaama lomtaade nokku pompiyee Wellington Grove e De Mistkraal Weir to dow ɓuuɓri Wellington Grove e taƴre juutnde jokkondirnde e ɓuuɓri Skoenmakers[Kanal]34. == Tuugnorgal == 4l03jeunub514hmxqwxoe5sjob2t1ng 175798 175797 2026-06-23T06:06:26Z Nnamadee 11577 175798 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Baraas Darlington''', ina wiyee kadi maayo Mentz, ko baraas mo mbaydi teddeendi (gravité) woni e nder nokku biyeteeɗo Addo Elephant, ina fawii e maayo Sundays, sara Kirkwood, to Fuɗnaange Kap, Afrik worgo. == Tariya == Faandaare adannde e mahngo baraas oo ko rokkude ndiyam keewɗam e duumotooɗam ngam irrigaasiyoŋ mawɗo e nder nokkuuji ɓuuɓɗi, haa teeŋti noon e mooftude e jogaade ndiyam ilam. E hitaande 1917, fedde toppitiinde ko fayti e ndiyam maayo Sundays sosaa, ƴetti eɓɓaande ndee e juuɗe Departemaa ndiyam laamu nguu e hitaande 1918. Pewnugol ngol waɗii caɗeele keewɗe, haa arti noon e ŋakkeende kaɓirɗe e masiŋaaji, e ŋakkeende saabiinde wolde adunaare adannde, golle ɗe moƴƴaani e grippe (epidebo1, soldateeɓe arooɓe1). logistik caɗtuɗo e yooro.[1] Leelgol golle ɗee addani sosiyeteeji ndiyam ɗii caɗeele kaalis keewɗe, haa jooni Dowla oo ina foti ƴettude ñamaale ndiyam ɗee, £2,350,000 ina foti winndeede.[1] Baraas oo timminaama e hitaande 1922, o hebbi tan ko e hitaande 1928, leelgol ngol waɗi ko yooro mawngo.[1] Baraas asliijo oo waɗiraa ko ngam mooftude 142 miliyoŋ m3. Toowgol vursugol ngol e maayo Sundays ngol firti ko vursugol vursugol ngol e nder vursugol ngol ina yaawi ustude mbaawka mum. Koɗorɗe baraas oo ƴettaa ko 1,5 m e hitaande 1935, kadi ɓeydaama kadi 5,8 m (toɓɓere 327 628 072 m3) e hitaande 1951/52 ngam haɓaade ŋakkeende njuuteendi desorɗe.[1] Baraas mahaaɗo oo udditaa ko ñalnde 26 abriil 1952, ko jaagorgal leydi e ndiyam e oon sahaa, hono J. G. Strijdom, e golle ɗe fedde toppitiinde ndiyam maayo Sundays toppitii, tawi ko J. Kevin Murphy woni injenieer konsulteer. E hitaande 1979, weendu nduu majjii 41,47% e mbaadiiji mum desorɗe, tawi ko ~135 870 000 m3 ɓuuɓol nanngaa caggal mahol ngol.[2] Jooni noon, ɓuuɓri ndii ina jogii 187 000 000 meeteer kuuɓtodinɗo (6,6×109 cu ft), tawi ko 35,3 meeteer (116 ft) toowɗo. Faandaare maggal adannde ko ndiyam, kuutoragol e nder gollorɗe e nder galleeji. Yoro mawngo ngo 1966 e 1967 teeŋtinii wonde ina haani fuɗɗoraade golle e dow kanndaa Skoenmakers (capaato : 22 m3/s) ngam jokkondirde maayo liɗɗi mawngo e baraas Darlington ko yaawi. E nder njiylawu ɓeydagol ndiyam les ɓuuɓri Darlington e ɗaɓɓaande ndiyam e nder wuro laamorgo Port Elizabeth, fellitaama lomtaade nokku pompiyee Wellington Grove e De Mistkraal Weir to dow ɓuuɓri Wellington Grove e taƴre juutnde jokkondirnde e ɓuuɓri Skoenmakers[Kanal]34. == Tuugnorgal == kfqioyf7ceuz6vgrcbj4nrhyu1uzgxy 175799 175798 2026-06-23T06:08:42Z Nnamadee 11577 175799 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Baraas Darlington''', ina wiyee kadi maayo Mentz, ko baraas mo mbaydi teddeendi (gravité) woni e nder nokku biyeteeɗo Addo Elephant, ina fawii e maayo Sundays, sara Kirkwood, to Fuɗnaange Kap, Afrik worgo. == Tariya == Faandaare adannde e mahngo baraas oo ko rokkude ndiyam keewɗam e duumotooɗam ngam irrigaasiyoŋ mawɗo e nder nokkuuji ɓuuɓɗi, haa teeŋti noon e mooftude e jogaade ndiyam ilam. E hitaande 1917, fedde toppitiinde ko fayti e ndiyam maayo Sundays sosaa, ƴetti eɓɓaande ndee e juuɗe Departemaa ndiyam laamu nguu e hitaande 1918. Pewnugol ngol waɗii caɗeele keewɗe, haa arti noon e ŋakkeende kaɓirɗe e masiŋaaji, e ŋakkeende saabiinde wolde adunaare adannde, golle ɗe moƴƴaani e grippe (epidebo1, soldateeɓe arooɓe1). logistik caɗtuɗo e yooro.[1] Leelgol golle ɗee addani sosiyeteeji ndiyam ɗii caɗeele kaalis keewɗe, haa jooni Dowla oo ina foti ƴettude ñamaale ndiyam ɗee, £2,350,000 ina foti winndeede.[1] Baraas oo timminaama e hitaande 1922, o hebbi tan ko e hitaande 1928, leelgol ngol waɗi ko yooro mawngo.[1] Baraas asliijo oo waɗiraa ko ngam mooftude 142 miliyoŋ m3. Toowgol vursugol ngol e maayo Sundays ngol firti ko vursugol vursugol ngol e nder vursugol ngol ina yaawi ustude mbaawka mum. Koɗorɗe baraas oo ƴettaa ko 1,5 m e hitaande 1935, kadi ɓeydaama kadi 5,8 m (toɓɓere 327 628 072 m3) e hitaande 1951/52 ngam haɓaade ŋakkeende njuuteendi desorɗe.[1] Baraas mahaaɗo oo udditaa ko ñalnde 26 abriil 1952, ko jaagorgal leydi e ndiyam e oon sahaa, hono J. G. Strijdom, e golle ɗe fedde toppitiinde ndiyam maayo Sundays toppitii, tawi ko J. Kevin Murphy woni injenieer konsulteer. E hitaande 1979, weendu nduu majjii 41,47% e mbaadiiji mum desorɗe, tawi ko ~135 870 000 m3 ɓuuɓol nanngaa caggal mahol ngol.[2] Jooni noon, ɓuuɓri ndii ina jogii 187 000 000 meeteer kuuɓtodinɗo (6,6×109 cu ft), tawi ko 35,3 meeteer (116 ft) toowɗo. Faandaare maggal adannde ko ndiyam, kuutoragol e nder gollorɗe e nder galleeji. Yoro mawngo ngo 1966 e 1967 teeŋtinii wonde ina haani fuɗɗoraade golle e dow kanndaa Skoenmakers (capaato : 22 m3/s) ngam jokkondirde maayo liɗɗi mawngo e baraas Darlington ko yaawi. E nder njiylawu ɓeydagol ndiyam les ɓuuɓri Darlington e ɗaɓɓaande ndiyam e nder wuro laamorgo Port Elizabeth, fellitaama lomtaade nokku pompiyee Wellington Grove e De Mistkraal Weir to dow ɓuuɓri Wellington Grove e taƴre juutnde jokkondirnde e ɓuuɓri Skoenmakers Kanal.<ref>"Automation of Canal System". www.sundaysriverwater.co.za. Sundays River Water. Retrieved 9 June 2024.</ref> == Tuugnorgal == foo0ke9x617s4e9kz35lwv5nlnutsei 175800 175799 2026-06-23T06:09:22Z Nnamadee 11577 175800 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Baraas Darlington''', ina wiyee kadi maayo Mentz, ko baraas mo mbaydi teddeendi (gravité) woni e nder nokku biyeteeɗo Addo Elephant, ina fawii e maayo Sundays, sara Kirkwood, to Fuɗnaange Kap, Afrik worgo. == Tariya == Faandaare adannde e mahngo baraas oo ko rokkude ndiyam keewɗam e duumotooɗam ngam irrigaasiyoŋ mawɗo e nder nokkuuji ɓuuɓɗi, haa teeŋti noon e mooftude e jogaade ndiyam ilam. E hitaande 1917, fedde toppitiinde ko fayti e ndiyam maayo Sundays sosaa, ƴetti eɓɓaande ndee e juuɗe Departemaa ndiyam laamu nguu e hitaande 1918. Pewnugol ngol waɗii caɗeele keewɗe, haa arti noon e ŋakkeende kaɓirɗe e masiŋaaji, e ŋakkeende saabiinde wolde adunaare adannde, golle ɗe moƴƴaani e grippe (epidebo1, soldateeɓe arooɓe1). logistik caɗtuɗo e yooro.[1] Leelgol golle ɗee addani sosiyeteeji ndiyam ɗii caɗeele kaalis keewɗe, haa jooni Dowla oo ina foti ƴettude ñamaale ndiyam ɗee, £2,350,000 ina foti winndeede.[1] Baraas oo timminaama e hitaande 1922, o hebbi tan ko e hitaande 1928, leelgol ngol waɗi ko yooro mawngo.[1] Baraas asliijo oo waɗiraa ko ngam mooftude 142 miliyoŋ m3. Toowgol vursugol ngol e maayo Sundays ngol firti ko vursugol vursugol ngol e nder vursugol ngol ina yaawi ustude mbaawka mum. Koɗorɗe baraas oo ƴettaa ko 1,5 m e hitaande 1935, kadi ɓeydaama kadi 5,8 m (toɓɓere 327 628 072 m3) e hitaande 1951/52 ngam haɓaade ŋakkeende njuuteendi desorɗe.[1] Baraas mahaaɗo oo udditaa ko ñalnde 26 abriil 1952, ko jaagorgal leydi e ndiyam e oon sahaa, hono J. G. Strijdom, e golle ɗe fedde toppitiinde ndiyam maayo Sundays toppitii, tawi ko J. Kevin Murphy woni injenieer konsulteer. E hitaande 1979, weendu nduu majjii 41,47% e mbaadiiji mum desorɗe, tawi ko ~135 870 000 m3 ɓuuɓol nanngaa caggal mahol ngol.[2] Jooni noon, ɓuuɓri ndii ina jogii 187 000 000 meeteer kuuɓtodinɗo (6,6×109 cu ft), tawi ko 35,3 meeteer (116 ft) toowɗo. Faandaare maggal adannde ko ndiyam, kuutoragol e nder gollorɗe e nder galleeji. Yoro mawngo ngo 1966 e 1967 teeŋtinii wonde ina haani fuɗɗoraade golle e dow kanndaa Skoenmakers (capaato : 22 m3/s) ngam jokkondirde maayo liɗɗi mawngo e baraas Darlington ko yaawi. E nder njiylawu ɓeydagol ndiyam les ɓuuɓri Darlington e ɗaɓɓaande ndiyam e nder wuro laamorgo Port Elizabeth, fellitaama lomtaade nokku pompiyee Wellington Grove e De Mistkraal Weir to dow ɓuuɓri Wellington Grove e taƴre juutnde jokkondirnde e ɓuuɓri Skoenmakers Kanal.<ref>"Automation of Canal System". www.sundaysriverwater.co.za. Sundays River Water. Retrieved 9 June 2024.</ref><ref>"De Mistkraal Weir wins 1986 SAlCE Eastern Province Regional Award". Civil Engineering = Siviele Ingenieurswese. 29 (5): 157–160. 1987. Retrieved 9 June 2024.</ref> == Tuugnorgal == e4utddrmxwix8af1nc90yc3x79bskzj 175801 175800 2026-06-23T06:09:50Z Nnamadee 11577 175801 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Baraas Darlington''', ina wiyee kadi maayo Mentz, ko baraas mo mbaydi teddeendi (gravité) woni e nder nokku biyeteeɗo Addo Elephant, ina fawii e maayo Sundays, sara Kirkwood, to Fuɗnaange Kap, Afrik worgo. == Tariya == Faandaare adannde e mahngo baraas oo ko rokkude ndiyam keewɗam e duumotooɗam ngam irrigaasiyoŋ mawɗo e nder nokkuuji ɓuuɓɗi, haa teeŋti noon e mooftude e jogaade ndiyam ilam. E hitaande 1917, fedde toppitiinde ko fayti e ndiyam maayo Sundays sosaa, ƴetti eɓɓaande ndee e juuɗe Departemaa ndiyam laamu nguu e hitaande 1918. Pewnugol ngol waɗii caɗeele keewɗe, haa arti noon e ŋakkeende kaɓirɗe e masiŋaaji, e ŋakkeende saabiinde wolde adunaare adannde, golle ɗe moƴƴaani e grippe (epidebo1, soldateeɓe arooɓe1). logistik caɗtuɗo e yooro.[1] Leelgol golle ɗee addani sosiyeteeji ndiyam ɗii caɗeele kaalis keewɗe, haa jooni Dowla oo ina foti ƴettude ñamaale ndiyam ɗee, £2,350,000 ina foti winndeede.[1] Baraas oo timminaama e hitaande 1922, o hebbi tan ko e hitaande 1928, leelgol ngol waɗi ko yooro mawngo.[1] Baraas asliijo oo waɗiraa ko ngam mooftude 142 miliyoŋ m3. Toowgol vursugol ngol e maayo Sundays ngol firti ko vursugol vursugol ngol e nder vursugol ngol ina yaawi ustude mbaawka mum. Koɗorɗe baraas oo ƴettaa ko 1,5 m e hitaande 1935, kadi ɓeydaama kadi 5,8 m (toɓɓere 327 628 072 m3) e hitaande 1951/52 ngam haɓaade ŋakkeende njuuteendi desorɗe.[1] Baraas mahaaɗo oo udditaa ko ñalnde 26 abriil 1952, ko jaagorgal leydi e ndiyam e oon sahaa, hono J. G. Strijdom, e golle ɗe fedde toppitiinde ndiyam maayo Sundays toppitii, tawi ko J. Kevin Murphy woni injenieer konsulteer. E hitaande 1979, weendu nduu majjii 41,47% e mbaadiiji mum desorɗe, tawi ko ~135 870 000 m3 ɓuuɓol nanngaa caggal mahol ngol.<ref>Annandale, GW (1984). "Predicting the distribution of deposited sediment in southern African reservoirs" (PDF). Challenges in African Hydrology and Water Resources (Proceedings of the Harare Symposium). Publ. no. 144. IAHS: 549–567. Archived from the original (PDF) on 15 December 2017. Retrieved 27 May 2020.</ref> Jooni noon, ɓuuɓri ndii ina jogii 187 000 000 meeteer kuuɓtodinɗo (6,6×109 cu ft), tawi ko 35,3 meeteer (116 ft) toowɗo. Faandaare maggal adannde ko ndiyam, kuutoragol e nder gollorɗe e nder galleeji. Yoro mawngo ngo 1966 e 1967 teeŋtinii wonde ina haani fuɗɗoraade golle e dow kanndaa Skoenmakers (capaato : 22 m3/s) ngam jokkondirde maayo liɗɗi mawngo e baraas Darlington ko yaawi. E nder njiylawu ɓeydagol ndiyam les ɓuuɓri Darlington e ɗaɓɓaande ndiyam e nder wuro laamorgo Port Elizabeth, fellitaama lomtaade nokku pompiyee Wellington Grove e De Mistkraal Weir to dow ɓuuɓri Wellington Grove e taƴre juutnde jokkondirnde e ɓuuɓri Skoenmakers Kanal.<ref>"Automation of Canal System". www.sundaysriverwater.co.za. Sundays River Water. Retrieved 9 June 2024.</ref><ref>"De Mistkraal Weir wins 1986 SAlCE Eastern Province Regional Award". Civil Engineering = Siviele Ingenieurswese. 29 (5): 157–160. 1987. Retrieved 9 June 2024.</ref> == Tuugnorgal == riizu8jr2kcu7nuvc1g1w5w5ri8raff 175802 175801 2026-06-23T06:10:21Z Nnamadee 11577 175802 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Baraas Darlington''', ina wiyee kadi maayo Mentz, ko baraas mo mbaydi teddeendi (gravité) woni e nder nokku biyeteeɗo Addo Elephant, ina fawii e maayo Sundays, sara Kirkwood, to Fuɗnaange Kap, Afrik worgo. == Tariya == Faandaare adannde e mahngo baraas oo ko rokkude ndiyam keewɗam e duumotooɗam ngam irrigaasiyoŋ mawɗo e nder nokkuuji ɓuuɓɗi, haa teeŋti noon e mooftude e jogaade ndiyam ilam. E hitaande 1917, fedde toppitiinde ko fayti e ndiyam maayo Sundays sosaa, ƴetti eɓɓaande ndee e juuɗe Departemaa ndiyam laamu nguu e hitaande 1918. Pewnugol ngol waɗii caɗeele keewɗe, haa arti noon e ŋakkeende kaɓirɗe e masiŋaaji, e ŋakkeende saabiinde wolde adunaare adannde, golle ɗe moƴƴaani e grippe (epidebo1, soldateeɓe arooɓe1). logistik caɗtuɗo e yooro.<ref>van Vuuren, Lani (2009). "Water History: Darlington Dam – SA's Troubled Lake" (PDF). The Water Wheel. 8 (4): 24–28.</ref> Leelgol golle ɗee addani sosiyeteeji ndiyam ɗii caɗeele kaalis keewɗe, haa jooni Dowla oo ina foti ƴettude ñamaale ndiyam ɗee, £2,350,000 ina foti winndeede.[1] Baraas oo timminaama e hitaande 1922, o hebbi tan ko e hitaande 1928, leelgol ngol waɗi ko yooro mawngo.[1] Baraas asliijo oo waɗiraa ko ngam mooftude 142 miliyoŋ m3. Toowgol vursugol ngol e maayo Sundays ngol firti ko vursugol vursugol ngol e nder vursugol ngol ina yaawi ustude mbaawka mum. Koɗorɗe baraas oo ƴettaa ko 1,5 m e hitaande 1935, kadi ɓeydaama kadi 5,8 m (toɓɓere 327 628 072 m3) e hitaande 1951/52 ngam haɓaade ŋakkeende njuuteendi desorɗe.[1] Baraas mahaaɗo oo udditaa ko ñalnde 26 abriil 1952, ko jaagorgal leydi e ndiyam e oon sahaa, hono J. G. Strijdom, e golle ɗe fedde toppitiinde ndiyam maayo Sundays toppitii, tawi ko J. Kevin Murphy woni injenieer konsulteer. E hitaande 1979, weendu nduu majjii 41,47% e mbaadiiji mum desorɗe, tawi ko ~135 870 000 m3 ɓuuɓol nanngaa caggal mahol ngol.<ref>Annandale, GW (1984). "Predicting the distribution of deposited sediment in southern African reservoirs" (PDF). Challenges in African Hydrology and Water Resources (Proceedings of the Harare Symposium). Publ. no. 144. IAHS: 549–567. Archived from the original (PDF) on 15 December 2017. Retrieved 27 May 2020.</ref> Jooni noon, ɓuuɓri ndii ina jogii 187 000 000 meeteer kuuɓtodinɗo (6,6×109 cu ft), tawi ko 35,3 meeteer (116 ft) toowɗo. Faandaare maggal adannde ko ndiyam, kuutoragol e nder gollorɗe e nder galleeji. Yoro mawngo ngo 1966 e 1967 teeŋtinii wonde ina haani fuɗɗoraade golle e dow kanndaa Skoenmakers (capaato : 22 m3/s) ngam jokkondirde maayo liɗɗi mawngo e baraas Darlington ko yaawi. E nder njiylawu ɓeydagol ndiyam les ɓuuɓri Darlington e ɗaɓɓaande ndiyam e nder wuro laamorgo Port Elizabeth, fellitaama lomtaade nokku pompiyee Wellington Grove e De Mistkraal Weir to dow ɓuuɓri Wellington Grove e taƴre juutnde jokkondirnde e ɓuuɓri Skoenmakers Kanal.<ref>"Automation of Canal System". www.sundaysriverwater.co.za. Sundays River Water. Retrieved 9 June 2024.</ref><ref>"De Mistkraal Weir wins 1986 SAlCE Eastern Province Regional Award". Civil Engineering = Siviele Ingenieurswese. 29 (5): 157–160. 1987. Retrieved 9 June 2024.</ref> == Tuugnorgal == hv7vkrqr52riqsiunh7xzf2lf4nkued 175803 175802 2026-06-23T06:10:51Z Nnamadee 11577 175803 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Baraas Darlington''', ina wiyee kadi maayo Mentz, ko baraas mo mbaydi teddeendi (gravité) woni e nder nokku biyeteeɗo Addo Elephant, ina fawii e maayo Sundays, sara Kirkwood, to Fuɗnaange Kap, Afrik worgo. == Tariya == Faandaare adannde e mahngo baraas oo ko rokkude ndiyam keewɗam e duumotooɗam ngam irrigaasiyoŋ mawɗo e nder nokkuuji ɓuuɓɗi, haa teeŋti noon e mooftude e jogaade ndiyam ilam. E hitaande 1917, fedde toppitiinde ko fayti e ndiyam maayo Sundays sosaa, ƴetti eɓɓaande ndee e juuɗe Departemaa ndiyam laamu nguu e hitaande 1918. Pewnugol ngol waɗii caɗeele keewɗe, haa arti noon e ŋakkeende kaɓirɗe e masiŋaaji, e ŋakkeende saabiinde wolde adunaare adannde, golle ɗe moƴƴaani e grippe (epidebo1, soldateeɓe arooɓe1). logistik caɗtuɗo e yooro.<ref name=":0">van Vuuren, Lani (2009). "Water History: Darlington Dam – SA's Troubled Lake" (PDF). The Water Wheel. 8 (4): 24–28.</ref> Leelgol golle ɗee addani sosiyeteeji ndiyam ɗii caɗeele kaalis keewɗe, haa jooni Dowla oo ina foti ƴettude ñamaale ndiyam ɗee, £2,350,000 ina foti winndeede.<ref name=":0" /> Baraas oo timminaama e hitaande 1922, o hebbi tan ko e hitaande 1928, leelgol ngol waɗi ko yooro mawngo.[1] Baraas asliijo oo waɗiraa ko ngam mooftude 142 miliyoŋ m3. Toowgol vursugol ngol e maayo Sundays ngol firti ko vursugol vursugol ngol e nder vursugol ngol ina yaawi ustude mbaawka mum. Koɗorɗe baraas oo ƴettaa ko 1,5 m e hitaande 1935, kadi ɓeydaama kadi 5,8 m (toɓɓere 327 628 072 m3) e hitaande 1951/52 ngam haɓaade ŋakkeende njuuteendi desorɗe.[1] Baraas mahaaɗo oo udditaa ko ñalnde 26 abriil 1952, ko jaagorgal leydi e ndiyam e oon sahaa, hono J. G. Strijdom, e golle ɗe fedde toppitiinde ndiyam maayo Sundays toppitii, tawi ko J. Kevin Murphy woni injenieer konsulteer. E hitaande 1979, weendu nduu majjii 41,47% e mbaadiiji mum desorɗe, tawi ko ~135 870 000 m3 ɓuuɓol nanngaa caggal mahol ngol.<ref>Annandale, GW (1984). "Predicting the distribution of deposited sediment in southern African reservoirs" (PDF). Challenges in African Hydrology and Water Resources (Proceedings of the Harare Symposium). Publ. no. 144. IAHS: 549–567. Archived from the original (PDF) on 15 December 2017. Retrieved 27 May 2020.</ref> Jooni noon, ɓuuɓri ndii ina jogii 187 000 000 meeteer kuuɓtodinɗo (6,6×109 cu ft), tawi ko 35,3 meeteer (116 ft) toowɗo. Faandaare maggal adannde ko ndiyam, kuutoragol e nder gollorɗe e nder galleeji. Yoro mawngo ngo 1966 e 1967 teeŋtinii wonde ina haani fuɗɗoraade golle e dow kanndaa Skoenmakers (capaato : 22 m3/s) ngam jokkondirde maayo liɗɗi mawngo e baraas Darlington ko yaawi. E nder njiylawu ɓeydagol ndiyam les ɓuuɓri Darlington e ɗaɓɓaande ndiyam e nder wuro laamorgo Port Elizabeth, fellitaama lomtaade nokku pompiyee Wellington Grove e De Mistkraal Weir to dow ɓuuɓri Wellington Grove e taƴre juutnde jokkondirnde e ɓuuɓri Skoenmakers Kanal.<ref>"Automation of Canal System". www.sundaysriverwater.co.za. Sundays River Water. Retrieved 9 June 2024.</ref><ref>"De Mistkraal Weir wins 1986 SAlCE Eastern Province Regional Award". Civil Engineering = Siviele Ingenieurswese. 29 (5): 157–160. 1987. Retrieved 9 June 2024.</ref> == Tuugnorgal == iwgq8eiavis6wozihj4qezd6hf0s678 175804 175803 2026-06-23T06:11:07Z Nnamadee 11577 175804 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Baraas Darlington''', ina wiyee kadi maayo Mentz, ko baraas mo mbaydi teddeendi (gravité) woni e nder nokku biyeteeɗo Addo Elephant, ina fawii e maayo Sundays, sara Kirkwood, to Fuɗnaange Kap, Afrik worgo. == Tariya == Faandaare adannde e mahngo baraas oo ko rokkude ndiyam keewɗam e duumotooɗam ngam irrigaasiyoŋ mawɗo e nder nokkuuji ɓuuɓɗi, haa teeŋti noon e mooftude e jogaade ndiyam ilam. E hitaande 1917, fedde toppitiinde ko fayti e ndiyam maayo Sundays sosaa, ƴetti eɓɓaande ndee e juuɗe Departemaa ndiyam laamu nguu e hitaande 1918. Pewnugol ngol waɗii caɗeele keewɗe, haa arti noon e ŋakkeende kaɓirɗe e masiŋaaji, e ŋakkeende saabiinde wolde adunaare adannde, golle ɗe moƴƴaani e grippe (epidebo1, soldateeɓe arooɓe1). logistik caɗtuɗo e yooro.<ref name=":0">van Vuuren, Lani (2009). "Water History: Darlington Dam – SA's Troubled Lake" (PDF). The Water Wheel. 8 (4): 24–28.</ref> Leelgol golle ɗee addani sosiyeteeji ndiyam ɗii caɗeele kaalis keewɗe, haa jooni Dowla oo ina foti ƴettude ñamaale ndiyam ɗee, £2,350,000 ina foti winndeede.<ref name=":0" /> Baraas oo timminaama e hitaande 1922, o hebbi tan ko e hitaande 1928, leelgol ngol waɗi ko yooro mawngo.<ref name=":0" /> Baraas asliijo oo waɗiraa ko ngam mooftude 142 miliyoŋ m3. Toowgol vursugol ngol e maayo Sundays ngol firti ko vursugol vursugol ngol e nder vursugol ngol ina yaawi ustude mbaawka mum. Koɗorɗe baraas oo ƴettaa ko 1,5 m e hitaande 1935, kadi ɓeydaama kadi 5,8 m (toɓɓere 327 628 072 m3) e hitaande 1951/52 ngam haɓaade ŋakkeende njuuteendi desorɗe.[1] Baraas mahaaɗo oo udditaa ko ñalnde 26 abriil 1952, ko jaagorgal leydi e ndiyam e oon sahaa, hono J. G. Strijdom, e golle ɗe fedde toppitiinde ndiyam maayo Sundays toppitii, tawi ko J. Kevin Murphy woni injenieer konsulteer. E hitaande 1979, weendu nduu majjii 41,47% e mbaadiiji mum desorɗe, tawi ko ~135 870 000 m3 ɓuuɓol nanngaa caggal mahol ngol.<ref>Annandale, GW (1984). "Predicting the distribution of deposited sediment in southern African reservoirs" (PDF). Challenges in African Hydrology and Water Resources (Proceedings of the Harare Symposium). Publ. no. 144. IAHS: 549–567. Archived from the original (PDF) on 15 December 2017. Retrieved 27 May 2020.</ref> Jooni noon, ɓuuɓri ndii ina jogii 187 000 000 meeteer kuuɓtodinɗo (6,6×109 cu ft), tawi ko 35,3 meeteer (116 ft) toowɗo. Faandaare maggal adannde ko ndiyam, kuutoragol e nder gollorɗe e nder galleeji. Yoro mawngo ngo 1966 e 1967 teeŋtinii wonde ina haani fuɗɗoraade golle e dow kanndaa Skoenmakers (capaato : 22 m3/s) ngam jokkondirde maayo liɗɗi mawngo e baraas Darlington ko yaawi. E nder njiylawu ɓeydagol ndiyam les ɓuuɓri Darlington e ɗaɓɓaande ndiyam e nder wuro laamorgo Port Elizabeth, fellitaama lomtaade nokku pompiyee Wellington Grove e De Mistkraal Weir to dow ɓuuɓri Wellington Grove e taƴre juutnde jokkondirnde e ɓuuɓri Skoenmakers Kanal.<ref>"Automation of Canal System". www.sundaysriverwater.co.za. Sundays River Water. Retrieved 9 June 2024.</ref><ref>"De Mistkraal Weir wins 1986 SAlCE Eastern Province Regional Award". Civil Engineering = Siviele Ingenieurswese. 29 (5): 157–160. 1987. Retrieved 9 June 2024.</ref> == Tuugnorgal == 51io7f1f8ecpqimtke2xn52dh9176ye 0 42430 175805 2026-06-23T06:13:31Z Nnamadee 11577 Created page with "'''Baraas Impofu''' ko baraas jillondirɗo e mbaydi kaaƴe/leydi, tawaaɗo e maayo Kromme, sara Humansdorp, to Fuɗnaange Kap, Afrik worgo. Nde sosaa ko e hitaande 1983, faandaare mayre adannde ko huutoraade ngam huutoraade kominaaji e gollorɗe. Pottital haztaare mahngo baraas oo ina limtaa toownde (3). == Wakere == Baraas oo, kam e nokku laɓɓinoowo ndiyam Elandsjagt, ina woni les maayo tan, ummoraade e baraas Kromme. Laawol N2 e R102 fof ina taƴa feccere hirnaange..." 175805 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Baraas Impofu''' ko baraas jillondirɗo e mbaydi kaaƴe/leydi, tawaaɗo e maayo Kromme, sara Humansdorp, to Fuɗnaange Kap, Afrik worgo. Nde sosaa ko e hitaande 1983, faandaare mayre adannde ko huutoraade ngam huutoraade kominaaji e gollorɗe. Pottital haztaare mahngo baraas oo ina limtaa toownde (3). == Wakere == Baraas oo, kam e nokku laɓɓinoowo ndiyam Elandsjagt, ina woni les maayo tan, ummoraade e baraas Kromme. Laawol N2 e R102 fof ina taƴa feccere hirnaange baraas oo. Laawol feewde e mahol baraas ngol e hoore mum moƴƴaani e yah-ngartaa yahooɓe. == Tariya == Baraas oo mahaa ko tuggi 1972 haa 1982. E lewru sulyee 1983, baraas oo fooli ko ina ɗaminaa fof, sibu o hebbinii e nder balɗe tati. == Dimensiyonji == Reservoir oo ina juuti, ina famɗi, ina luggiɗi, ina waɗi ɓulli keewɗi. Ko ɓuri heewde e ndiyam ɗam ko 107 miliyoŋ m3 e ndiyam ɗam ko 6 km2, njuuteendi mum ko 25 km, taariindi mum ko 65 km. Toowgol mahol ngol ko 75 m, njuuteendi mum ko 800 m. == Huwugo be == Ko ɓuuɓri ndiyam njareteeɗam gadano wonande Port Elizabeth, baraas oo kadi ina haɗa ndiyam ilam ɓuuɓde e gese e cuuɗi saraaji daande maayo e hunduko maayo ngoo. Reservoir oo ina yiɗaa e liɗɗi kadi ina rokka 5 liɗɗi tawaaɗi toon ɗii. Slipway ina woodi ngam laanaaji. == Bibliyogaraafi == Logie, Bartel (1999). Jahgol guwerneer. Laawol e daande maayo Kouga/Tsitsikamma. Koɗorde dogooɓe: Bluecliff. <nowiki>ISBN 0-620-24152-7</nowiki> == Tuugnorgal == tqpr6saqr2cvvkghpvfodsqvp8vp20h 175806 175805 2026-06-23T06:13:52Z Nnamadee 11577 175806 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Baraas Impofu''' ko baraas jillondirɗo e mbaydi kaaƴe/leydi, tawaaɗo e maayo Kromme, sara Humansdorp, to Fuɗnaange Kap, Afrik worgo. Nde sosaa ko e hitaande 1983, faandaare mayre adannde ko huutoraade ngam huutoraade kominaaji e gollorɗe. Pottital haztaare mahngo baraas oo ina limtaa toownde (3). == Wakere == Baraas oo, kam e nokku laɓɓinoowo ndiyam Elandsjagt, ina woni les maayo tan, ummoraade e baraas Kromme. Laawol N2 e R102 fof ina taƴa feccere hirnaange baraas oo. Laawol feewde e mahol baraas ngol e hoore mum moƴƴaani e yah-ngartaa yahooɓe. == Tariya == Baraas oo mahaa ko tuggi 1972 haa 1982. E lewru sulyee 1983, baraas oo fooli ko ina ɗaminaa fof, sibu o hebbinii e nder balɗe tati. == Dimensiyonji == Reservoir oo ina juuti, ina famɗi, ina luggiɗi, ina waɗi ɓulli keewɗi. Ko ɓuri heewde e ndiyam ɗam ko 107 miliyoŋ m3 e ndiyam ɗam ko 6 km2, njuuteendi mum ko 25 km, taariindi mum ko 65 km. Toowgol mahol ngol ko 75 m, njuuteendi mum ko 800 m. == Huwugo be == Ko ɓuuɓri ndiyam njareteeɗam gadano wonande Port Elizabeth, baraas oo kadi ina haɗa ndiyam ilam ɓuuɓde e gese e cuuɗi saraaji daande maayo e hunduko maayo ngoo. Reservoir oo ina yiɗaa e liɗɗi kadi ina rokka 5 liɗɗi tawaaɗi toon ɗii. Slipway ina woodi ngam laanaaji. == Bibliyogaraafi == Logie, Bartel (1999). Jahgol guwerneer. Laawol e daande maayo Kouga/Tsitsikamma. Koɗorde dogooɓe: Bluecliff. <nowiki>ISBN 0-620-24152-7</nowiki> == Tuugnorgal == 2kdn9qlgraarufbvvw4uvokksw0lejl 175807 175806 2026-06-23T06:15:44Z Nnamadee 11577 175807 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Baraas Impofu''' ko baraas jillondirɗo e mbaydi kaaƴe/leydi, tawaaɗo e maayo Kromme, sara Humansdorp, to Fuɗnaange Kap, Afrik worgo. Nde sosaa ko e hitaande 1983, faandaare mayre adannde ko huutoraade ngam huutoraade kominaaji e gollorɗe. Pottital haztaare mahngo baraas oo ina limtaa toownde (3).<ref>http://www.dwaf.gov.za/iwqs/gis_apps/dam/dams/index.htm</ref> == Wakere == Baraas oo, kam e nokku laɓɓinoowo ndiyam Elandsjagt, ina woni les maayo tan, ummoraade e baraas Kromme. Laawol N2 e R102 fof ina taƴa feccere hirnaange baraas oo. Laawol feewde e mahol baraas ngol e hoore mum moƴƴaani e yah-ngartaa yahooɓe. == Tariya == Baraas oo mahaa ko tuggi 1972 haa 1982. E lewru sulyee 1983, baraas oo fooli ko ina ɗaminaa fof, sibu o hebbinii e nder balɗe tati. == Dimensiyonji == Reservoir oo ina juuti, ina famɗi, ina luggiɗi, ina waɗi ɓulli keewɗi. Ko ɓuri heewde e ndiyam ɗam ko 107 miliyoŋ m3 e ndiyam ɗam ko 6 km2, njuuteendi mum ko 25 km, taariindi mum ko 65 km. Toowgol mahol ngol ko 75 m, njuuteendi mum ko 800 m. == Huwugo be == Ko ɓuuɓri ndiyam njareteeɗam gadano wonande Port Elizabeth, baraas oo kadi ina haɗa ndiyam ilam ɓuuɓde e gese e cuuɗi saraaji daande maayo e hunduko maayo ngoo. Reservoir oo ina yiɗaa e liɗɗi kadi ina rokka 5 liɗɗi tawaaɗi toon ɗii. Slipway ina woodi ngam laanaaji. == Bibliyogaraafi == Logie, Bartel (1999). Jahgol guwerneer. Laawol e daande maayo Kouga/Tsitsikamma. Koɗorde dogooɓe: Bluecliff. <nowiki>ISBN 0-620-24152-7</nowiki> == Tuugnorgal == 419nhs1xfytnwp4fodjjn1nhbnqn42u 0 42431 175808 2026-06-23T06:17:21Z Nnamadee 11577 Created page with "'''Baraas Kouga''' ko baraas arc e dow maayo Kouga fotde 21 km (13 mi) fuɗnaange Patensie e nder wuro Kouga, Afrik worgo. Ina rokka ndiyam ɓuuɓɗam e nder falndeeji Kouga e Gamtoos kam e ndiyam njareteeɗam e nder wuro laamorgo Port Elizabeth rewrude e baraas Loerie Balancing.[2] Nde mahiraa ko hakkunde 1957 e 1969.[3] Baraas oo ina waawi naatde e rewde R330, caggal ɗuum R331 ummoraade N2 to Humansdorp. Fof so wonaa kilooji 8 (5,0 mi) cakkitiiɗi ɗii ko laawol tard..." 175808 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Baraas Kouga''' ko baraas arc e dow maayo Kouga fotde 21 km (13 mi) fuɗnaange Patensie e nder wuro Kouga, Afrik worgo. Ina rokka ndiyam ɓuuɓɗam e nder falndeeji Kouga e Gamtoos kam e ndiyam njareteeɗam e nder wuro laamorgo Port Elizabeth rewrude e baraas Loerie Balancing.[2] Nde mahiraa ko hakkunde 1957 e 1969.[3] Baraas oo ina waawi naatde e rewde R330, caggal ɗuum R331 ummoraade N2 to Humansdorp. Fof so wonaa kilooji 8 (5,0 mi) cakkitiiɗi ɗii ko laawol tarde e ina waɗi tunnel juutngel ko adii mahol baraas oo. Nde inniraa ko baraas Paul Sauer, kono nde wayli innde mum e hitaande 1995.[4] K==ouga Dam Kouga Turbineeji tati 1200 kVA ina ngoodi e daande maayo ngoo, kono ɗi kuutoraaka hannde. == Tuugnorgal == 1mfnsfcc49fv8is3cg457kzvcl67f0t 175809 175808 2026-06-23T06:17:56Z Nnamadee 11577 175809 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Baraas Kouga''' ko baraas arc e dow maayo Kouga fotde 21 km (13 mi) fuɗnaange Patensie e nder wuro Kouga, Afrik worgo. Ina rokka ndiyam ɓuuɓɗam e nder falndeeji Kouga e Gamtoos kam e ndiyam njareteeɗam e nder wuro laamorgo Port Elizabeth rewrude e baraas Loerie Balancing.[2] Nde mahiraa ko hakkunde 1957 e 1969.[3] Baraas oo ina waawi naatde e rewde R330, caggal ɗuum R331 ummoraade N2 to Humansdorp. Fof so wonaa kilooji 8 (5,0 mi) cakkitiiɗi ɗii ko laawol tarde e ina waɗi tunnel juutngel ko adii mahol baraas oo. Nde inniraa ko baraas Paul Sauer, kono nde wayli innde mum e hitaande 1995.[4] K==ouga Dam Kouga Turbineeji tati 1200 kVA ina ngoodi e daande maayo ngoo, kono ɗi kuutoraaka hannde. == Tuugnorgal == jtiypr5ko0djiuhg9jqitgrl9a3rusn 175810 175809 2026-06-23T06:19:07Z Nnamadee 11577 175810 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Baraas Kouga''' ko baraas arc e dow maayo Kouga fotde 21 km (13 mi) fuɗnaange Patensie e nder wuro Kouga, Afrik worgo. Ina rokka ndiyam ɓuuɓɗam e nder falndeeji Kouga e Gamtoos kam e ndiyam njareteeɗam e nder wuro laamorgo Port Elizabeth rewrude e baraas Loerie Balancing.<ref>"Kouga Dam". inniKloof. Archived from the original on 28 January 2015. Retrieved 24 January 2015.</ref> Nde mahiraa ko hakkunde 1957 e 1969.[3] Baraas oo ina waawi naatde e rewde R330, caggal ɗuum R331 ummoraade N2 to Humansdorp. Fof so wonaa kilooji 8 (5,0 mi) cakkitiiɗi ɗii ko laawol tarde e ina waɗi tunnel juutngel ko adii mahol baraas oo. Nde inniraa ko baraas Paul Sauer, kono nde wayli innde mum e hitaande 1995.[4] K==ouga Dam Kouga Turbineeji tati 1200 kVA ina ngoodi e daande maayo ngoo, kono ɗi kuutoraaka hannde. == Tuugnorgal == 6afbfh8m3g9g6x4llrm8cast98ty7na 175811 175810 2026-06-23T06:19:40Z Nnamadee 11577 175811 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Baraas Kouga''' ko baraas arc e dow maayo Kouga fotde 21 km (13 mi) fuɗnaange Patensie e nder wuro Kouga, Afrik worgo. Ina rokka ndiyam ɓuuɓɗam e nder falndeeji Kouga e Gamtoos kam e ndiyam njareteeɗam e nder wuro laamorgo Port Elizabeth rewrude e baraas Loerie Balancing.<ref>"Kouga Dam". inniKloof. Archived from the original on 28 January 2015. Retrieved 24 January 2015.</ref> Nde mahiraa ko hakkunde 1957 e 1969.<ref>"Kouga Dam – serving the fertile Gamtoos valley" (PDF). The Water Wheel. Retrieved 24 January 2015.</ref> Baraas oo ina waawi naatde e rewde R330, caggal ɗuum R331 ummoraade N2 to Humansdorp. Fof so wonaa kilooji 8 (5,0 mi) cakkitiiɗi ɗii ko laawol tarde e ina waɗi tunnel juutngel ko adii mahol baraas oo. Nde inniraa ko baraas Paul Sauer, kono nde wayli innde mum e hitaande 1995.[4] K==ouga Dam Kouga Turbineeji tati 1200 kVA ina ngoodi e daande maayo ngoo, kono ɗi kuutoraaka hannde. == Tuugnorgal == t3ncpyko4unmkllhsypqop0j8xe44ko 175813 175811 2026-06-23T06:20:30Z Nnamadee 11577 175813 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Baraas Kouga''' ko baraas arc e dow maayo Kouga fotde 21 km (13 mi) fuɗnaange Patensie e nder wuro Kouga, Afrik worgo. Ina rokka ndiyam ɓuuɓɗam e nder falndeeji Kouga e Gamtoos kam e ndiyam njareteeɗam e nder wuro laamorgo Port Elizabeth rewrude e baraas Loerie Balancing.<ref>"Kouga Dam". inniKloof. Archived from the original on 28 January 2015. Retrieved 24 January 2015.</ref> Nde mahiraa ko hakkunde 1957 e 1969.<ref>"Kouga Dam – serving the fertile Gamtoos valley" (PDF). The Water Wheel. Retrieved 24 January 2015.</ref> Baraas oo ina waawi naatde e rewde R330, caggal ɗuum R331 ummoraade N2 to Humansdorp. Fof so wonaa kilooji 8 (5,0 mi) cakkitiiɗi ɗii ko laawol tarde e ina waɗi tunnel juutngel ko adii mahol baraas oo. Nde inniraa ko baraas Paul Sauer, kono nde wayli innde mum e hitaande 1995.<ref>"FRESH WATER and MARINE RESOURCES". Retrieved 19 September 2008.</ref> == Kouga Dam Kouga == Turbineeji tati 1200 kVA ina ngoodi e daande maayo ngoo, kono ɗi kuutoraaka hannde. == Tuugnorgal == retir8hyb6o68irkqc38nsarjs2iuuv 0 42432 175812 2026-06-23T06:20:06Z Sirjat 14855 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1351077507|Ghawr al-Assi]]" 175812 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ghawr al-Assi''' ( Arabic . ) ko wuro [[Suriya|Siiri]] tawaango e nder diiwaan Hama e nder diiwaan Hama e nder guwernema Hama . Nde woni ko e laawol hakkunde Homs e Hama, nde woni ko e 20 kiloomeeteer to fuɗnaange laawol gadiingol ngol. E wiyde Biro toppitiiɗo limlebbi Siri (CBS), Ghawr al-Assi ina joginoo 2 033 neɗɗo e binnditagol hitaande 2004. Hoɗɓe heen ɓee ɓuri heewde ko juulɓe sunnit en . Ghawr al-Assi woni wuro ɓurngo mawnude e nder diiwaan falnde Orontes, ina waɗi kadi al-Alamein, Qubaybat al-assi e gure tokoose. Munisipaal oo sosaa ko e hitaande 2004. Ina waɗi geɗe arkewolosi to Ghawr al-Assi, ina heen miijooji ɓooyɗi e taƴe ndiyam ( norias ). gsizbl0axo3tzjjd2oo1ribz7qra5c6 175814 175812 2026-06-23T06:20:30Z Sirjat 14855 175814 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Ghawr al-Assi''' ( Arabic . ) ko wuro [[Suriya|Siiri]] tawaango e nder diiwaan Hama e nder diiwaan Hama e nder guwernema Hama . Nde woni ko e laawol hakkunde Homs e Hama, nde woni ko e 20 kiloomeeteer to fuɗnaange laawol gadiingol ngol. E wiyde Biro toppitiiɗo limlebbi Siri (CBS), Ghawr al-Assi ina joginoo 2 033 neɗɗo e binnditagol hitaande 2004. Hoɗɓe heen ɓee ɓuri heewde ko juulɓe sunnit en . Ghawr al-Assi woni wuro ɓurngo mawnude e nder diiwaan falnde Orontes, ina waɗi kadi al-Alamein, Qubaybat al-assi e gure tokoose. Munisipaal oo sosaa ko e hitaande 2004. Ina waɗi geɗe arkewolosi to Ghawr al-Assi, ina heen miijooji ɓooyɗi e taƴe ndiyam ( norias ). oxy0w92w7kw62py9g1q6enrpbvgpi1l 0 42433 175815 2026-06-23T06:24:06Z Nnamadee 11577 Created page with "'''Baraas Churchill''', ko baraas keewɗo arkuuji, tawaaɗo e maayo Kromme (waktuuji goɗɗi ina winndaa maayo Krom), sara Kareedouw, Fuɗnaange Kap, to Afrik worgo. Nde sosaa ko e hitaande 1943, faandaare mayre ɓurnde mawnude ko huutoraade kominaaji e nder gollorɗe.[1] == Wakere == Baraas Churchill ina woni fuɗnaange-rewo-fuɗnaange Kareedouw, fuɗnaange laawol falnde Langkloof (laabi R62), e dow ŋoral worgo koɗli Kareedouw. Baraas oo woni ko 100 km hirnaange Gqeb..." 175815 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Baraas Churchill''', ko baraas keewɗo arkuuji, tawaaɗo e maayo Kromme (waktuuji goɗɗi ina winndaa maayo Krom), sara Kareedouw, Fuɗnaange Kap, to Afrik worgo. Nde sosaa ko e hitaande 1943, faandaare mayre ɓurnde mawnude ko huutoraade kominaaji e nder gollorɗe.[1] == Wakere == Baraas Churchill ina woni fuɗnaange-rewo-fuɗnaange Kareedouw, fuɗnaange laawol falnde Langkloof (laabi R62), e dow ŋoral worgo koɗli Kareedouw. Baraas oo woni ko 100 km hirnaange Gqeberha, to 34° 00’ fuɗnaange, 24° 29’ fuɗnaange. == Dimngal == Baraas oo ina jogii 35 miliyoŋ m3, tooweeki mum ko 43 m, tee ina jogii wertallo ɓurngo mawnude e 2 492 km2 e 12 m lock. Tuubaaji baɗɗi doole (gravité) ina ngadda ndiyam ɗam e nder wuro ngo. == Tariya == Port Elizabet mawni no feewi e kitaale 1930. George Begg, Injenieer wuro ngoo, hollitii mahde baraas e dow maayo Krom, maayo ɓurngo ɓadaade ndiyam keewɗam, moƴƴam. Hay so tawii mahngo ngo fuɗɗii ko e hitaande 1936, ngo joofnataa ko caggal wolde adunaare ɗimmere. E hitaande 1942, ɓe pelliti innirde baraas oo innde Sir Winston Churchill ngam teddinde darnde makko mawnde e ndeen wolde. Seneraal Jan Smuts halfini ɗum ko e hitaande 1948. == Spoorbek == Nde baraas oo heewi, ndiyam ɗam hucciti e ngesa Hendrik Spoorbek (anndiraangal Leydi Spoorbek). == Ilamji == Baraas Churchill e baraas Impofu ina mballita e haɓaade ilam sahaa e sahaa fof e maayo Krom. Ɗee ina njogii taariindi bonnundi gese e mahngo e daande maayo e saraaji hunduko maayo ngoo. == Bibliyogaraafi == * Logie, Bartel (1999). Jahgol guwerneer. Laawol e daande maayo Kouga/Tsitsikamma. Koɗorde dogooɓe: Bluecliff. <nowiki>ISBN 0-620-24152-7</nowiki> www.dwa.gov.za == Tuugnorgal == gh27pn3gacq0c2yjbbe6glo1kbkqlxj 175816 175815 2026-06-23T06:26:04Z Nnamadee 11577 175816 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Baraas Churchill''', ko baraas keewɗo arkuuji, tawaaɗo e maayo Kromme (waktuuji goɗɗi ina winndaa maayo Krom), sara Kareedouw, Fuɗnaange Kap, to Afrik worgo. Nde sosaa ko e hitaande 1943, faandaare mayre ɓurnde mawnude ko huutoraade kominaaji e nder gollorɗe.<ref>"Churchill Dam and Water Scheme details". artefacts.co.za. Retrieved 15 June 2026.</ref> == Wakere == Baraas Churchill ina woni fuɗnaange-rewo-fuɗnaange Kareedouw, fuɗnaange laawol falnde Langkloof (laabi R62), e dow ŋoral worgo koɗli Kareedouw. Baraas oo woni ko 100 km hirnaange Gqeberha, to 34° 00’ fuɗnaange, 24° 29’ fuɗnaange. == Dimngal == Baraas oo ina jogii 35 miliyoŋ m3, tooweeki mum ko 43 m, tee ina jogii wertallo ɓurngo mawnude e 2 492 km2 e 12 m lock. Tuubaaji baɗɗi doole (gravité) ina ngadda ndiyam ɗam e nder wuro ngo. == Tariya == Port Elizabet mawni no feewi e kitaale 1930. George Begg, Injenieer wuro ngoo, hollitii mahde baraas e dow maayo Krom, maayo ɓurngo ɓadaade ndiyam keewɗam, moƴƴam. Hay so tawii mahngo ngo fuɗɗii ko e hitaande 1936, ngo joofnataa ko caggal wolde adunaare ɗimmere. E hitaande 1942, ɓe pelliti innirde baraas oo innde Sir Winston Churchill ngam teddinde darnde makko mawnde e ndeen wolde. Seneraal Jan Smuts halfini ɗum ko e hitaande 1948. == Spoorbek == Nde baraas oo heewi, ndiyam ɗam hucciti e ngesa Hendrik Spoorbek (anndiraangal Leydi Spoorbek). == Ilamji == Baraas Churchill e baraas Impofu ina mballita e haɓaade ilam sahaa e sahaa fof e maayo Krom. Ɗee ina njogii taariindi bonnundi gese e mahngo e daande maayo e saraaji hunduko maayo ngoo. == Bibliyogaraafi == * Logie, Bartel (1999). Jahgol guwerneer. Laawol e daande maayo Kouga/Tsitsikamma. Koɗorde dogooɓe: Bluecliff. <nowiki>ISBN 0-620-24152-7</nowiki> www.dwa.gov.za == Tuugnorgal == lvt5agjv2vnp0zeqf9faystkwqeknge 175817 175816 2026-06-23T06:26:42Z Nnamadee 11577 175817 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Baraas Churchill''', ko baraas keewɗo arkuuji, tawaaɗo e maayo Kromme (waktuuji goɗɗi ina winndaa maayo Krom), sara Kareedouw, Fuɗnaange Kap, to Afrik worgo. Nde sosaa ko e hitaande 1943, faandaare mayre ɓurnde mawnude ko huutoraade kominaaji e nder gollorɗe.<ref>"Churchill Dam and Water Scheme details". artefacts.co.za. Retrieved 15 June 2026.</ref> == Wakere == Baraas Churchill ina woni fuɗnaange-rewo-fuɗnaange Kareedouw, fuɗnaange laawol falnde Langkloof (laabi R62), e dow ŋoral worgo koɗli Kareedouw. Baraas oo woni ko 100 km hirnaange Gqeberha, to 34° 00’ fuɗnaange, 24° 29’ fuɗnaange. == Dimngal == Baraas oo ina jogii 35 miliyoŋ m3, tooweeki mum ko 43 m, tee ina jogii wertallo ɓurngo mawnude e 2 492 km2 e 12 m lock. Tuubaaji baɗɗi doole (gravité) ina ngadda ndiyam ɗam e nder wuro ngo. == Tariya == Port Elizabet mawni no feewi e kitaale 1930. George Begg, Injenieer wuro ngoo, hollitii mahde baraas e dow maayo Krom, maayo ɓurngo ɓadaade ndiyam keewɗam, moƴƴam. Hay so tawii mahngo ngo fuɗɗii ko e hitaande 1936, ngo joofnataa ko caggal wolde adunaare ɗimmere. E hitaande 1942, ɓe pelliti innirde baraas oo innde Sir Winston Churchill ngam teddinde darnde makko mawnde e ndeen wolde. Seneraal Jan Smuts halfini ɗum ko e hitaande 1948. == Spoorbek == Nde baraas oo heewi, ndiyam ɗam hucciti e ngesa Hendrik Spoorbek (anndiraangal Leydi Spoorbek). == Ilamji == Baraas Churchill e baraas Impofu ina mballita e haɓaade ilam sahaa e sahaa fof e maayo Krom. Ɗee ina njogii taariindi bonnundi gese e mahngo e daande maayo e saraaji hunduko maayo ngoo. == Bibliyogaraafi == * Logie, Bartel (1999). Jahgol guwerneer. Laawol e daande maayo Kouga/Tsitsikamma. Koɗorde dogooɓe: Bluecliff. <nowiki>ISBN 0-620-24152-7</nowiki> www.dwa.gov.za == Tuugnorgal == 20it09yd13iyo00lb069txrje3d0ow8 0 42434 175820 2026-06-23T08:14:06Z Nnamadee 11577 Created page with "'''Baraas Nqweba''' (ko adii fof ko baraas Pass Van Ryneveld), ko baraas mo leydi heewi, tawaaɗo e maayo Sunday e nder nokku biyeteeɗo Camdeboo, to Graaff-Reinet, to Fuɗnaange Kap, Afrik worgo. Nde udditaa ko e hitaande 1925. Baraas oo ina jogii 46 369 000 meeteer kuuɓtodinɗo (1,6375×109 cu ft), e njaajeendi mum ko 10,285 kiloomeeteer kaaree (3,971 miil kaaree), njuuteendi mahdi ndii ko 46 meeteer (151 ft,713ft), e 151 ft. Wonnoo ko baraas ndiyam, jooni ɓuri huut..." 175820 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Baraas Nqweba''' (ko adii fof ko baraas Pass Van Ryneveld), ko baraas mo leydi heewi, tawaaɗo e maayo Sunday e nder nokku biyeteeɗo Camdeboo, to Graaff-Reinet, to Fuɗnaange Kap, Afrik worgo. Nde udditaa ko e hitaande 1925. Baraas oo ina jogii 46 369 000 meeteer kuuɓtodinɗo (1,6375×109 cu ft), e njaajeendi mum ko 10,285 kiloomeeteer kaaree (3,971 miil kaaree), njuuteendi mahdi ndii ko 46 meeteer (151 ft,713ft), e 151 ft. Wonnoo ko baraas ndiyam, jooni ɓuri huutoreede ko e rokkude hoɗɓe e njulaagu Graaff-Reinet ndiyam njareteeɗam ngam huutoraade ɗum en e nder galleeji e nder gollorɗe. Pottital maggal haɓde e rafi toowngal (3). == Etimoloji == Innde hesere nde ɓe ndokkaa e hitaande 2001, Nqweba, firti ko "nokku kawrital" e ɗemngal Xhosa.[1] == Galle == ppn9s32uobcup3lv06761i58w35qu1a 175821 175820 2026-06-23T08:14:34Z Nnamadee 11577 175821 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Baraas Nqweba''' (ko adii fof ko baraas Pass Van Ryneveld), ko baraas mo leydi heewi, tawaaɗo e maayo Sunday e nder nokku biyeteeɗo Camdeboo, to Graaff-Reinet, to Fuɗnaange Kap, Afrik worgo. Nde udditaa ko e hitaande 1925. Baraas oo ina jogii 46 369 000 meeteer kuuɓtodinɗo (1,6375×109 cu ft), e njaajeendi mum ko 10,285 kiloomeeteer kaaree (3,971 miil kaaree), njuuteendi mahdi ndii ko 46 meeteer (151 ft,713ft), e 151 ft. Wonnoo ko baraas ndiyam, jooni ɓuri huutoreede ko e rokkude hoɗɓe e njulaagu Graaff-Reinet ndiyam njareteeɗam ngam huutoraade ɗum en e nder galleeji e nder gollorɗe. Pottital maggal haɓde e rafi toowngal (3). == Etimoloji == Innde hesere nde ɓe ndokkaa e hitaande 2001, Nqweba, firti ko "nokku kawrital" e ɗemngal Xhosa.[1] == Galle == <gallery> File:Nqweba Dam, Eastern Cape, South Africa (20503572672).jpg|Dam wall File:Nqweba Dam, Graaff-Reinet, Eastern Cape, South Africa (20512260885).jpg File:Nqweba Dam, Graaff-Reinet, Eastern Cape, South Africa (20503373342).jpg|Plaque </gallery> sp6xxoj9obp0y8at8qqi1dkc9krbpd1 175822 175821 2026-06-23T08:15:15Z Nnamadee 11577 175822 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Baraas Nqweba''' (ko adii fof ko baraas Pass Van Ryneveld), ko baraas mo leydi heewi, tawaaɗo e maayo Sunday e nder nokku biyeteeɗo Camdeboo, to Graaff-Reinet, to Fuɗnaange Kap, Afrik worgo. Nde udditaa ko e hitaande 1925. Baraas oo ina jogii 46 369 000 meeteer kuuɓtodinɗo (1,6375×109 cu ft), e njaajeendi mum ko 10,285 kiloomeeteer kaaree (3,971 miil kaaree), njuuteendi mahdi ndii ko 46 meeteer (151 ft,713ft), e 151 ft. Wonnoo ko baraas ndiyam, jooni ɓuri huutoreede ko e rokkude hoɗɓe e njulaagu Graaff-Reinet ndiyam njareteeɗam ngam huutoraade ɗum en e nder galleeji e nder gollorɗe. Pottital maggal haɓde e rafi toowngal (3). == Etimoloji == Innde hesere nde ɓe ndokkaa e hitaande 2001, Nqweba, firti ko "nokku kawrital" e ɗemngal Xhosa.[1] == Galle == <gallery> File:Nqweba Dam, Eastern Cape, South Africa (20503572672).jpg|Dam wall File:Nqweba Dam, Graaff-Reinet, Eastern Cape, South Africa (20512260885).jpg File:Nqweba Dam, Graaff-Reinet, Eastern Cape, South Africa (20503373342).jpg|Plaque </gallery> == Tuugnorgal == a5uelvaw28z3h47198llmx51uf6uyye 175823 175822 2026-06-23T08:15:34Z Nnamadee 11577 175823 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Baraas Nqweba''' (ko adii fof ko baraas Pass Van Ryneveld), ko baraas mo leydi heewi, tawaaɗo e maayo Sunday e nder nokku biyeteeɗo Camdeboo, to Graaff-Reinet, to Fuɗnaange Kap, Afrik worgo. Nde udditaa ko e hitaande 1925. Baraas oo ina jogii 46 369 000 meeteer kuuɓtodinɗo (1,6375×109 cu ft), e njaajeendi mum ko 10,285 kiloomeeteer kaaree (3,971 miil kaaree), njuuteendi mahdi ndii ko 46 meeteer (151 ft,713ft), e 151 ft. Wonnoo ko baraas ndiyam, jooni ɓuri huutoreede ko e rokkude hoɗɓe e njulaagu Graaff-Reinet ndiyam njareteeɗam ngam huutoraade ɗum en e nder galleeji e nder gollorɗe. Pottital maggal haɓde e rafi toowngal (3). == Etimoloji == Innde hesere nde ɓe ndokkaa e hitaande 2001, Nqweba, firti ko "nokku kawrital" e ɗemngal Xhosa.[1] == Galle == <gallery> File:Nqweba Dam, Eastern Cape, South Africa (20503572672).jpg|Dam wall File:Nqweba Dam, Graaff-Reinet, Eastern Cape, South Africa (20512260885).jpg File:Nqweba Dam, Graaff-Reinet, Eastern Cape, South Africa (20503373342).jpg|Plaque </gallery> == Tuugnorgal == pq53ajox8vb02vmrtzlatuxh3etbk0v 175824 175823 2026-06-23T08:16:21Z Nnamadee 11577 175824 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Baraas Nqweba''' (ko adii fof ko baraas Pass Van Ryneveld), ko baraas mo leydi heewi, tawaaɗo e maayo Sunday e nder nokku biyeteeɗo Camdeboo, to Graaff-Reinet, to Fuɗnaange Kap, Afrik worgo. Nde udditaa ko e hitaande 1925. Baraas oo ina jogii 46 369 000 meeteer kuuɓtodinɗo (1,6375×109 cu ft), e njaajeendi mum ko 10,285 kiloomeeteer kaaree (3,971 miil kaaree), njuuteendi mahdi ndii ko 46 meeteer (151 ft,713ft), e 151 ft. Wonnoo ko baraas ndiyam, jooni ɓuri huutoreede ko e rokkude hoɗɓe e njulaagu Graaff-Reinet ndiyam njareteeɗam ngam huutoraade ɗum en e nder galleeji e nder gollorɗe. Pottital maggal haɓde e rafi toowngal (3). == Etimoloji == Innde hesere nde ɓe ndokkaa e hitaande 2001, Nqweba, firti ko "nokku kawrital" e ɗemngal Xhosa.<ref>"Construction of Graaff-Reinet's Van Ryneveld's Pass Dam Wall (1920-1925) - Three photographic collections present a historic engineering narrative | The Heritage Portal". www.theheritageportal.co.za. Retrieved 10 March 2023.</ref> == Galle == <gallery> File:Nqweba Dam, Eastern Cape, South Africa (20503572672).jpg|Dam wall File:Nqweba Dam, Graaff-Reinet, Eastern Cape, South Africa (20512260885).jpg File:Nqweba Dam, Graaff-Reinet, Eastern Cape, South Africa (20503373342).jpg|Plaque </gallery> == Tuugnorgal == hud9rxx63npiv6lpd1c9ijas7j848ij 0 42435 175825 2026-06-23T08:18:48Z Nnamadee 11577 Created page with "'''Baraas Oxkraal''' ko baraas gonɗo e mbaydi leydi/kaaƴe gonɗo e maayo Oxkraal, fotde 8 km to Fuɗnaange-rewo Whittlesea, to Fuɗnaange-rewo Kap, Afrik worgo. Nde sosaa ko e hitaande 1989, nde ɓuri huutoreede ko e ndiyam. Pottital haztaare baraas oo ina limtaa toownde (3). == Tuugnorgal ==" 175825 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Baraas Oxkraal''' ko baraas gonɗo e mbaydi leydi/kaaƴe gonɗo e maayo Oxkraal, fotde 8 km to Fuɗnaange-rewo Whittlesea, to Fuɗnaange-rewo Kap, Afrik worgo. Nde sosaa ko e hitaande 1989, nde ɓuri huutoreede ko e ndiyam. Pottital haztaare baraas oo ina limtaa toownde (3). == Tuugnorgal == bwvkx1g3m7s9ppvulq541e44lstmi32 175826 175825 2026-06-23T08:19:20Z Nnamadee 11577 175826 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Baraas Oxkraal''' ko baraas gonɗo e mbaydi leydi/kaaƴe gonɗo e maayo Oxkraal, fotde 8 km to Fuɗnaange-rewo Whittlesea, to Fuɗnaange-rewo Kap, Afrik worgo. Nde sosaa ko e hitaande 1989, nde ɓuri huutoreede ko e ndiyam. Pottital haztaare baraas oo ina limtaa toownde (3).<ref>http://www.dwaf.gov.za/iwqs/gis_apps/dam/dams/index.htm</ref> == Tuugnorgal == 7elobyquvw3298bqrcnhiapovgl5jk0 175827 175826 2026-06-23T08:19:38Z Nnamadee 11577 175827 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Baraas Oxkraal''' ko baraas gonɗo e mbaydi leydi/kaaƴe gonɗo e maayo Oxkraal, fotde 8 km to Fuɗnaange-rewo Whittlesea, to Fuɗnaange-rewo Kap, Afrik worgo. Nde sosaa ko e hitaande 1989, nde ɓuri huutoreede ko e ndiyam. Pottital haztaare baraas oo ina limtaa toownde (3).<ref>http://www.dwaf.gov.za/iwqs/gis_apps/dam/dams/index.htm</ref> == Tuugnorgal == cu6alwib8vzzom4kc5g5aq84dq5totz 0 42436 175828 2026-06-23T08:22:32Z Nnamadee 11577 Created page with "'''Baraas Donaldson''' ko baraas gonɗo sara wuro Bekkersdal to Afrik worgo e sara maayo Wonderfonteinspruit. Ina waɗi ɓulli 2 - maayo Top e maayo Bottom. Ndiyam maggal ina softina no feewi e ɓuuɓri asid e dow Wonderfonteinspruit toowɗo e ɓuuɓri ummoriindi Bekkersdal saraaji mum.[1] Fuu e no ndiyam ɗam woniri, baraasuuji ɗii ina keddii e wonde nokkuuji liɗɗi ɓurɗi lollude e nder liɗɗi Carp, maayo toowngo ngoo ina jeyaa e nokkuuji ɓurɗi lollude e liɗɗi..." 175828 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Baraas Donaldson''' ko baraas gonɗo sara wuro Bekkersdal to Afrik worgo e sara maayo Wonderfonteinspruit. Ina waɗi ɓulli 2 - maayo Top e maayo Bottom. Ndiyam maggal ina softina no feewi e ɓuuɓri asid e dow Wonderfonteinspruit toowɗo e ɓuuɓri ummoriindi Bekkersdal saraaji mum.[1] Fuu e no ndiyam ɗam woniri, baraasuuji ɗii ina keddii e wonde nokkuuji liɗɗi ɓurɗi lollude e nder liɗɗi Carp, maayo toowngo ngoo ina jeyaa e nokkuuji ɓurɗi lollude e liɗɗi sinndikaaji e nder Afrik worgo.[2] == Angling Ƴeewndo == === Top Lake === Lake dow oo ina anndaa kadi ko African Gold Syndicate Lake e nder jom en liɗɗi en, ina woni e dow jeyi keeriiɗo, bookings ina poti waɗeede ngam liggaade toon e terɗe syndicate keɓa ɓural e dow yimɓe fof.[3] Baraas oo ina anndaa e karte monster, wonaa huunde weeɓnde nanngude liɗɗi ko ina tolnoo e 25 kg. Ko ɓuri heewde e maayooji ɗii ko 27,1 kg nanngaa e hitaande 2016.[4] === Lake les === Ladde les ndee wonnoo ko nokku njulaagu meeɗnooɗo huutoreede, yiɗde e nder galleeji yiɗɓe waɗde ñalngu nguu e ndiyam, hannde nokkuuji ɗii ina njejjitee, ina ndoga. Jooni ko laamu nguu jogori dognaade baraas oo, ina jogaa laaɓal, ina toppitii no feewi.[5] Dam oo kadi ina anndaa e nder jom en liɗɗi (specimen) kam e jom en liɗɗi (conventionnel) e jom en liɗɗi (bass) fof. Lake les ko laamu dognata ɗum noon ina udditanaa yimɓe fof tawa ɓuraani terɗe sinndikaaji ko wayi no lake dow. Karpuuji keewɗi (Cyprinus carpio) nanngaaɗi e baraas oo ina mbaɗi karpuuji daneeji, karpuuji ɓaleeji, karpuuji ƴiiƴam, karpuuji Israayiil e koi, leƴƴi goɗɗi keɓaaɗi e baraas oo ina mbaɗi liɗɗi ɓuuɓɗi (Clarias gariepinus), liɗɗi moggel (LabeoTipia umbratus), liɗɗi ɓuuɓɗi maayo OrangeLabe sparrmanii), Ɓoornugol hunduko fuɗnaange (Pseudocrenilabrus philander), Ɓoornugol ɓuuɓri tati (Enteromius trimaculatus), Ɓoornugol ɓuuɓri ( Enteromius paludinosus ), Ɓoornugol hunduko mawngol (Micropterus salmoides) e Liɗɗi ɓowɗi hirnaange (Gumbisa Affinis). 5m97ak076td06f4e4kn1f79604jxdlq 175829 175828 2026-06-23T08:24:08Z Nnamadee 11577 175829 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Baraas Donaldson''' ko baraas gonɗo sara wuro Bekkersdal to Afrik worgo e sara maayo Wonderfonteinspruit. Ina waɗi ɓulli 2 - maayo Top e maayo Bottom. Ndiyam maggal ina softina no feewi e ɓuuɓri asid e dow Wonderfonteinspruit toowɗo e ɓuuɓri ummoriindi Bekkersdal saraaji mum.[1] Fuu e no ndiyam ɗam woniri, baraasuuji ɗii ina keddii e wonde nokkuuji liɗɗi ɓurɗi lollude e nder liɗɗi Carp, maayo toowngo ngoo ina jeyaa e nokkuuji ɓurɗi lollude e liɗɗi sinndikaaji e nder Afrik worgo.[2] == Angling Ƴeewndo == === Top Lake === Lake dow oo ina anndaa kadi ko African Gold Syndicate Lake e nder jom en liɗɗi en, ina woni e dow jeyi keeriiɗo, bookings ina poti waɗeede ngam liggaade toon e terɗe syndicate keɓa ɓural e dow yimɓe fof.[3] Baraas oo ina anndaa e karte monster, wonaa huunde weeɓnde nanngude liɗɗi ko ina tolnoo e 25 kg. Ko ɓuri heewde e maayooji ɗii ko 27,1 kg nanngaa e hitaande 2016.[4] === Lake les === Ladde les ndee wonnoo ko nokku njulaagu meeɗnooɗo huutoreede, yiɗde e nder galleeji yiɗɓe waɗde ñalngu nguu e ndiyam, hannde nokkuuji ɗii ina njejjitee, ina ndoga. Jooni ko laamu nguu jogori dognaade baraas oo, ina jogaa laaɓal, ina toppitii no feewi.[5] Dam oo kadi ina anndaa e nder jom en liɗɗi (specimen) kam e jom en liɗɗi (conventionnel) e jom en liɗɗi (bass) fof. Lake les ko laamu dognata ɗum noon ina udditanaa yimɓe fof tawa ɓuraani terɗe sinndikaaji ko wayi no lake dow. Karpuuji keewɗi (Cyprinus carpio) nanngaaɗi e baraas oo ina mbaɗi karpuuji daneeji, karpuuji ɓaleeji, karpuuji ƴiiƴam, karpuuji Israayiil e koi, leƴƴi goɗɗi keɓaaɗi e baraas oo ina mbaɗi liɗɗi ɓuuɓɗi (Clarias gariepinus), liɗɗi moggel (LabeoTipia umbratus), liɗɗi ɓuuɓɗi maayo OrangeLabe sparrmanii), Ɓoornugol hunduko fuɗnaange (Pseudocrenilabrus philander), Ɓoornugol ɓuuɓri tati (Enteromius trimaculatus), Ɓoornugol ɓuuɓri ( Enteromius paludinosus ), Ɓoornugol hunduko mawngol (Micropterus salmoides) e Liɗɗi ɓowɗi hirnaange (Gumbisa Affinis). |+Bottom Lake Records<ref>Government controlled fishing log book</ref> !Species !Common name !Size !Year |- |Cyprinus Carpio |Common Carp |28.3&nbsp;kg |1991 |- |Clarias Gariepinus |Sharptooth Catfish |20.2&nbsp;kg |1994 |- |Micropterus Salmoides |Largemouth Bass |3.8&nbsp;kg |2017 |} md0d15o7b5in7gyw7gqb749sh2qpopj 175830 175829 2026-06-23T08:36:09Z Nnamadee 11577 175830 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Baraas Donaldson''' ko baraas gonɗo sara wuro Bekkersdal to Afrik worgo e sara maayo Wonderfonteinspruit. Ina waɗi ɓulli 2 - maayo Top e maayo Bottom. Ndiyam maggal ina softina no feewi e ɓuuɓri asid e dow Wonderfonteinspruit toowɗo e ɓuuɓri ummoriindi Bekkersdal saraaji mum.[1] Fuu e no ndiyam ɗam woniri, baraasuuji ɗii ina keddii e wonde nokkuuji liɗɗi ɓurɗi lollude e nder liɗɗi Carp, maayo toowngo ngoo ina jeyaa e nokkuuji ɓurɗi lollude e liɗɗi sinndikaaji e nder Afrik worgo.[2] == Angling Ƴeewndo == === Top Lake === Lake dow oo ina anndaa kadi ko African Gold Syndicate Lake e nder jom en liɗɗi en, ina woni e dow jeyi keeriiɗo, bookings ina poti waɗeede ngam liggaade toon e terɗe syndicate keɓa ɓural e dow yimɓe fof.[3] Baraas oo ina anndaa e karte monster, wonaa huunde weeɓnde nanngude liɗɗi ko ina tolnoo e 25 kg. Ko ɓuri heewde e maayooji ɗii ko 27,1 kg nanngaa e hitaande 2016.[4] === Lake les === Ladde les ndee wonnoo ko nokku njulaagu meeɗnooɗo huutoreede, yiɗde e nder galleeji yiɗɓe waɗde ñalngu nguu e ndiyam, hannde nokkuuji ɗii ina njejjitee, ina ndoga. Jooni ko laamu nguu jogori dognaade baraas oo, ina jogaa laaɓal, ina toppitii no feewi.[5] Dam oo kadi ina anndaa e nder jom en liɗɗi (specimen) kam e jom en liɗɗi (conventionnel) e jom en liɗɗi (bass) fof. Lake les ko laamu dognata ɗum noon ina udditanaa yimɓe fof tawa ɓuraani terɗe sinndikaaji ko wayi no lake dow. Karpuuji keewɗi (Cyprinus carpio) nanngaaɗi e baraas oo ina mbaɗi karpuuji daneeji, karpuuji ɓaleeji, karpuuji ƴiiƴam, karpuuji Israayiil e koi, leƴƴi goɗɗi keɓaaɗi e baraas oo ina mbaɗi liɗɗi ɓuuɓɗi (Clarias gariepinus), liɗɗi moggel (LabeoTipia umbratus), liɗɗi ɓuuɓɗi maayo OrangeLabe sparrmanii), Ɓoornugol hunduko fuɗnaange (Pseudocrenilabrus philander), Ɓoornugol ɓuuɓri tati (Enteromius trimaculatus), Ɓoornugol ɓuuɓri ( Enteromius paludinosus ), Ɓoornugol hunduko mawngol (Micropterus salmoides) e Liɗɗi ɓowɗi hirnaange (Gumbisa Affinis). |+Bottom Lake Records<ref>Government controlled fishing log book</ref> ==Tuugnorgal== rt8w6xnm6zisdfby8lu19lzfyr9znhb 175831 175830 2026-06-23T08:37:45Z Nnamadee 11577 175831 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Baraas Donaldson''' ko baraas gonɗo sara wuro Bekkersdal to Afrik worgo e sara maayo Wonderfonteinspruit. Ina waɗi ɓulli 2 - maayo Top e maayo Bottom. Ndiyam maggal ina softina no feewi e ɓuuɓri asid e dow Wonderfonteinspruit toowɗo e ɓuuɓri ummoriindi Bekkersdal saraaji mum.[1] Fuu e no ndiyam ɗam woniri, baraasuuji ɗii ina keddii e wonde nokkuuji liɗɗi ɓurɗi lollude e nder liɗɗi Carp, maayo toowngo ngoo ina jeyaa e nokkuuji ɓurɗi lollude e liɗɗi sinndikaaji e nder Afrik worgo.[2] == Angling Ƴeewndo == === Top Lake === Lake dow oo ina anndaa kadi ko African Gold Syndicate Lake e nder jom en liɗɗi en, ina woni e dow jeyi keeriiɗo, bookings ina poti waɗeede ngam liggaade toon e terɗe syndicate keɓa ɓural e dow yimɓe fof.[3] Baraas oo ina anndaa e karte monster, wonaa huunde weeɓnde nanngude liɗɗi ko ina tolnoo e 25 kg. Ko ɓuri heewde e maayooji ɗii ko 27,1 kg nanngaa e hitaande 2016.[4] === Lake les === Ladde les ndee wonnoo ko nokku njulaagu meeɗnooɗo huutoreede, yiɗde e nder galleeji yiɗɓe waɗde ñalngu nguu e ndiyam, hannde nokkuuji ɗii ina njejjitee, ina ndoga. Jooni ko laamu nguu jogori dognaade baraas oo, ina jogaa laaɓal, ina toppitii no feewi.[5] Dam oo kadi ina anndaa e nder jom en liɗɗi (specimen) kam e jom en liɗɗi (conventionnel) e jom en liɗɗi (bass) fof. Lake les ko laamu dognata ɗum noon ina udditanaa yimɓe fof tawa ɓuraani terɗe sinndikaaji ko wayi no lake dow. Karpuuji keewɗi (Cyprinus carpio) nanngaaɗi e baraas oo ina mbaɗi karpuuji daneeji, karpuuji ɓaleeji, karpuuji ƴiiƴam, karpuuji Israayiil e koi, leƴƴi goɗɗi keɓaaɗi e baraas oo ina mbaɗi liɗɗi ɓuuɓɗi (Clarias gariepinus), liɗɗi moggel (LabeoTipia umbratus), liɗɗi ɓuuɓɗi maayo OrangeLabe sparrmanii), Ɓoornugol hunduko fuɗnaange (Pseudocrenilabrus philander), Ɓoornugol ɓuuɓri tati (Enteromius trimaculatus), Ɓoornugol ɓuuɓri ( Enteromius paludinosus ), Ɓoornugol hunduko mawngol (Micropterus salmoides) e Liɗɗi ɓowɗi hirnaange (Gumbisa Affinis). {| class="wikitable" |+Bottom Lake Records<ref>Government controlled fishing log book</ref> !Species !Common name !Size !Year |- |Cyprinus Carpio |Common Carp |28.3&nbsp;kg |1991 |- |Clarias Gariepinus |Sharptooth Catfish |20.2&nbsp;kg |1994 |- |Micropterus Salmoides |Largemouth Bass |3.8&nbsp;kg |2017 |} ==Tuugnorgal== bpp50jimrodl0t06udwz4sm1lp6978y 175832 175831 2026-06-23T08:38:25Z Nnamadee 11577 175832 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Baraas Donaldson''' ko baraas gonɗo sara wuro Bekkersdal to Afrik worgo e sara maayo Wonderfonteinspruit. Ina waɗi ɓulli 2 - maayo Top e maayo Bottom. Ndiyam maggal ina softina no feewi e ɓuuɓri asid e dow Wonderfonteinspruit toowɗo e ɓuuɓri ummoriindi Bekkersdal saraaji mum.<ref>"WFS pollution". Archived from the original on 6 June 2010.</ref> Fuu e no ndiyam ɗam woniri, baraasuuji ɗii ina keddii e wonde nokkuuji liɗɗi ɓurɗi lollude e nder liɗɗi Carp, maayo toowngo ngoo ina jeyaa e nokkuuji ɓurɗi lollude e liɗɗi sinndikaaji e nder Afrik worgo.[2] == Angling Ƴeewndo == === Top Lake === Lake dow oo ina anndaa kadi ko African Gold Syndicate Lake e nder jom en liɗɗi en, ina woni e dow jeyi keeriiɗo, bookings ina poti waɗeede ngam liggaade toon e terɗe syndicate keɓa ɓural e dow yimɓe fof.[3] Baraas oo ina anndaa e karte monster, wonaa huunde weeɓnde nanngude liɗɗi ko ina tolnoo e 25 kg. Ko ɓuri heewde e maayooji ɗii ko 27,1 kg nanngaa e hitaande 2016.[4] === Lake les === Ladde les ndee wonnoo ko nokku njulaagu meeɗnooɗo huutoreede, yiɗde e nder galleeji yiɗɓe waɗde ñalngu nguu e ndiyam, hannde nokkuuji ɗii ina njejjitee, ina ndoga. Jooni ko laamu nguu jogori dognaade baraas oo, ina jogaa laaɓal, ina toppitii no feewi.[5] Dam oo kadi ina anndaa e nder jom en liɗɗi (specimen) kam e jom en liɗɗi (conventionnel) e jom en liɗɗi (bass) fof. Lake les ko laamu dognata ɗum noon ina udditanaa yimɓe fof tawa ɓuraani terɗe sinndikaaji ko wayi no lake dow. Karpuuji keewɗi (Cyprinus carpio) nanngaaɗi e baraas oo ina mbaɗi karpuuji daneeji, karpuuji ɓaleeji, karpuuji ƴiiƴam, karpuuji Israayiil e koi, leƴƴi goɗɗi keɓaaɗi e baraas oo ina mbaɗi liɗɗi ɓuuɓɗi (Clarias gariepinus), liɗɗi moggel (LabeoTipia umbratus), liɗɗi ɓuuɓɗi maayo OrangeLabe sparrmanii), Ɓoornugol hunduko fuɗnaange (Pseudocrenilabrus philander), Ɓoornugol ɓuuɓri tati (Enteromius trimaculatus), Ɓoornugol ɓuuɓri ( Enteromius paludinosus ), Ɓoornugol hunduko mawngol (Micropterus salmoides) e Liɗɗi ɓowɗi hirnaange (Gumbisa Affinis). {| class="wikitable" |+Bottom Lake Records<ref>Government controlled fishing log book</ref> !Species !Common name !Size !Year |- |Cyprinus Carpio |Common Carp |28.3&nbsp;kg |1991 |- |Clarias Gariepinus |Sharptooth Catfish |20.2&nbsp;kg |1994 |- |Micropterus Salmoides |Largemouth Bass |3.8&nbsp;kg |2017 |} ==Tuugnorgal== h4es04sm3qid946o1uu0q4aqtu91pk4 175833 175832 2026-06-23T08:38:54Z Nnamadee 11577 175833 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Baraas Donaldson''' ko baraas gonɗo sara wuro Bekkersdal to Afrik worgo e sara maayo Wonderfonteinspruit. Ina waɗi ɓulli 2 - maayo Top e maayo Bottom. Ndiyam maggal ina softina no feewi e ɓuuɓri asid e dow Wonderfonteinspruit toowɗo e ɓuuɓri ummoriindi Bekkersdal saraaji mum.<ref>"WFS pollution". Archived from the original on 6 June 2010.</ref> Fuu e no ndiyam ɗam woniri, baraasuuji ɗii ina keddii e wonde nokkuuji liɗɗi ɓurɗi lollude e nder liɗɗi Carp, maayo toowngo ngoo ina jeyaa e nokkuuji ɓurɗi lollude e liɗɗi sinndikaaji e nder Afrik worgo.<ref>"donaldson top lake". 2 February 2018.</ref> == Angling Ƴeewndo == === Top Lake === Lake dow oo ina anndaa kadi ko African Gold Syndicate Lake e nder jom en liɗɗi en, ina woni e dow jeyi keeriiɗo, bookings ina poti waɗeede ngam liggaade toon e terɗe syndicate keɓa ɓural e dow yimɓe fof.[3] Baraas oo ina anndaa e karte monster, wonaa huunde weeɓnde nanngude liɗɗi ko ina tolnoo e 25 kg. Ko ɓuri heewde e maayooji ɗii ko 27,1 kg nanngaa e hitaande 2016.[4] === Lake les === Ladde les ndee wonnoo ko nokku njulaagu meeɗnooɗo huutoreede, yiɗde e nder galleeji yiɗɓe waɗde ñalngu nguu e ndiyam, hannde nokkuuji ɗii ina njejjitee, ina ndoga. Jooni ko laamu nguu jogori dognaade baraas oo, ina jogaa laaɓal, ina toppitii no feewi.[5] Dam oo kadi ina anndaa e nder jom en liɗɗi (specimen) kam e jom en liɗɗi (conventionnel) e jom en liɗɗi (bass) fof. Lake les ko laamu dognata ɗum noon ina udditanaa yimɓe fof tawa ɓuraani terɗe sinndikaaji ko wayi no lake dow. Karpuuji keewɗi (Cyprinus carpio) nanngaaɗi e baraas oo ina mbaɗi karpuuji daneeji, karpuuji ɓaleeji, karpuuji ƴiiƴam, karpuuji Israayiil e koi, leƴƴi goɗɗi keɓaaɗi e baraas oo ina mbaɗi liɗɗi ɓuuɓɗi (Clarias gariepinus), liɗɗi moggel (LabeoTipia umbratus), liɗɗi ɓuuɓɗi maayo OrangeLabe sparrmanii), Ɓoornugol hunduko fuɗnaange (Pseudocrenilabrus philander), Ɓoornugol ɓuuɓri tati (Enteromius trimaculatus), Ɓoornugol ɓuuɓri ( Enteromius paludinosus ), Ɓoornugol hunduko mawngol (Micropterus salmoides) e Liɗɗi ɓowɗi hirnaange (Gumbisa Affinis). {| class="wikitable" |+Bottom Lake Records<ref>Government controlled fishing log book</ref> !Species !Common name !Size !Year |- |Cyprinus Carpio |Common Carp |28.3&nbsp;kg |1991 |- |Clarias Gariepinus |Sharptooth Catfish |20.2&nbsp;kg |1994 |- |Micropterus Salmoides |Largemouth Bass |3.8&nbsp;kg |2017 |} ==Tuugnorgal== 2ft1qlg9t931xprrqfz965udz75l93d 175834 175833 2026-06-23T08:39:16Z Nnamadee 11577 175834 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Baraas Donaldson''' ko baraas gonɗo sara wuro Bekkersdal to Afrik worgo e sara maayo Wonderfonteinspruit. Ina waɗi ɓulli 2 - maayo Top e maayo Bottom. Ndiyam maggal ina softina no feewi e ɓuuɓri asid e dow Wonderfonteinspruit toowɗo e ɓuuɓri ummoriindi Bekkersdal saraaji mum.<ref>"WFS pollution". Archived from the original on 6 June 2010.</ref> Fuu e no ndiyam ɗam woniri, baraasuuji ɗii ina keddii e wonde nokkuuji liɗɗi ɓurɗi lollude e nder liɗɗi Carp, maayo toowngo ngoo ina jeyaa e nokkuuji ɓurɗi lollude e liɗɗi sinndikaaji e nder Afrik worgo.<ref>"donaldson top lake". 2 February 2018.</ref> == Angling Ƴeewndo == === Top Lake === Lake dow oo ina anndaa kadi ko African Gold Syndicate Lake e nder jom en liɗɗi en, ina woni e dow jeyi keeriiɗo, bookings ina poti waɗeede ngam liggaade toon e terɗe syndicate keɓa ɓural e dow yimɓe fof.[3] Baraas oo ina anndaa e karte monster, wonaa huunde weeɓnde nanngude liɗɗi ko ina tolnoo e 25 kg. Ko ɓuri heewde e maayooji ɗii ko 27,1 kg nanngaa e hitaande 2016.[4] === Lake les === Ladde les ndee wonnoo ko nokku njulaagu meeɗnooɗo huutoreede, yiɗde e nder galleeji yiɗɓe waɗde ñalngu nguu e ndiyam, hannde nokkuuji ɗii ina njejjitee, ina ndoga. Jooni ko laamu nguu jogori dognaade baraas oo, ina jogaa laaɓal, ina toppitii no feewi.[5] Dam oo kadi ina anndaa e nder jom en liɗɗi (specimen) kam e jom en liɗɗi (conventionnel) e jom en liɗɗi (bass) fof. Lake les ko laamu dognata ɗum noon ina udditanaa yimɓe fof tawa ɓuraani terɗe sinndikaaji ko wayi no lake dow. Karpuuji keewɗi (Cyprinus carpio) nanngaaɗi e baraas oo ina mbaɗi karpuuji daneeji, karpuuji ɓaleeji, karpuuji ƴiiƴam, karpuuji Israayiil e koi, leƴƴi goɗɗi keɓaaɗi e baraas oo ina mbaɗi liɗɗi ɓuuɓɗi (Clarias gariepinus), liɗɗi moggel (LabeoTipia umbratus), liɗɗi ɓuuɓɗi maayo OrangeLabe sparrmanii), Ɓoornugol hunduko fuɗnaange (Pseudocrenilabrus philander), Ɓoornugol ɓuuɓri tati (Enteromius trimaculatus), Ɓoornugol ɓuuɓri ( Enteromius paludinosus ), Ɓoornugol hunduko mawngol (Micropterus salmoides) e Liɗɗi ɓowɗi hirnaange (Gumbisa Affinis). {| class="wikitable" |+Bottom Lake Records<ref>Government controlled fishing log book</ref> !Species !Common name !Size !Year |- |Cyprinus Carpio |Common Carp |28.3&nbsp;kg |1991 |- |Clarias Gariepinus |Sharptooth Catfish |20.2&nbsp;kg |1994 |- |Micropterus Salmoides |Largemouth Bass |3.8&nbsp;kg |2017 |} ==Tuugnorgal== bpgdoee73o3n3nuyyrxeqf3lc8porgb 175835 175834 2026-06-23T08:40:38Z Nnamadee 11577 175835 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Baraas Donaldson''' ko baraas gonɗo sara wuro Bekkersdal to Afrik worgo e sara maayo Wonderfonteinspruit. Ina waɗi ɓulli 2 - maayo Top e maayo Bottom. Ndiyam maggal ina softina no feewi e ɓuuɓri asid e dow Wonderfonteinspruit toowɗo e ɓuuɓri ummoriindi Bekkersdal saraaji mum.<ref>"WFS pollution". Archived from the original on 6 June 2010.</ref> Fuu e no ndiyam ɗam woniri, baraasuuji ɗii ina keddii e wonde nokkuuji liɗɗi ɓurɗi lollude e nder liɗɗi Carp, maayo toowngo ngoo ina jeyaa e nokkuuji ɓurɗi lollude e liɗɗi sinndikaaji e nder Afrik worgo.<ref>"donaldson top lake". 2 February 2018.</ref> == Angling Ƴeewndo == === Top Lake === Lake dow oo ina anndaa kadi ko African Gold Syndicate Lake e nder jom en liɗɗi en, ina woni e dow jeyi keeriiɗo, bookings ina poti waɗeede ngam liggaade toon e terɗe syndicate keɓa ɓural e dow yimɓe fof.<ref>"carpsa". 2 February 2018.</ref> Baraas oo ina anndaa e karte monster, wonaa huunde weeɓnde nanngude liɗɗi ko ina tolnoo e 25 kg. Ko ɓuri heewde e maayooji ɗii ko 27,1 kg nanngaa e hitaande 2016.[4] === Lake les === Ladde les ndee wonnoo ko nokku njulaagu meeɗnooɗo huutoreede, yiɗde e nder galleeji yiɗɓe waɗde ñalngu nguu e ndiyam, hannde nokkuuji ɗii ina njejjitee, ina ndoga. Jooni ko laamu nguu jogori dognaade baraas oo, ina jogaa laaɓal, ina toppitii no feewi.[5] Dam oo kadi ina anndaa e nder jom en liɗɗi (specimen) kam e jom en liɗɗi (conventionnel) e jom en liɗɗi (bass) fof. Lake les ko laamu dognata ɗum noon ina udditanaa yimɓe fof tawa ɓuraani terɗe sinndikaaji ko wayi no lake dow. Karpuuji keewɗi (Cyprinus carpio) nanngaaɗi e baraas oo ina mbaɗi karpuuji daneeji, karpuuji ɓaleeji, karpuuji ƴiiƴam, karpuuji Israayiil e koi, leƴƴi goɗɗi keɓaaɗi e baraas oo ina mbaɗi liɗɗi ɓuuɓɗi (Clarias gariepinus), liɗɗi moggel (LabeoTipia umbratus), liɗɗi ɓuuɓɗi maayo OrangeLabe sparrmanii), Ɓoornugol hunduko fuɗnaange (Pseudocrenilabrus philander), Ɓoornugol ɓuuɓri tati (Enteromius trimaculatus), Ɓoornugol ɓuuɓri ( Enteromius paludinosus ), Ɓoornugol hunduko mawngol (Micropterus salmoides) e Liɗɗi ɓowɗi hirnaange (Gumbisa Affinis). {| class="wikitable" |+Bottom Lake Records<ref>Government controlled fishing log book</ref> !Species !Common name !Size !Year |- |Cyprinus Carpio |Common Carp |28.3&nbsp;kg |1991 |- |Clarias Gariepinus |Sharptooth Catfish |20.2&nbsp;kg |1994 |- |Micropterus Salmoides |Largemouth Bass |3.8&nbsp;kg |2017 |} ==Tuugnorgal== 6bw5ov6hqo4ihbi2vbao8a9heyz3o7c 175836 175835 2026-06-23T08:41:06Z Nnamadee 11577 175836 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Baraas Donaldson''' ko baraas gonɗo sara wuro Bekkersdal to Afrik worgo e sara maayo Wonderfonteinspruit. Ina waɗi ɓulli 2 - maayo Top e maayo Bottom. Ndiyam maggal ina softina no feewi e ɓuuɓri asid e dow Wonderfonteinspruit toowɗo e ɓuuɓri ummoriindi Bekkersdal saraaji mum.<ref>"WFS pollution". Archived from the original on 6 June 2010.</ref> Fuu e no ndiyam ɗam woniri, baraasuuji ɗii ina keddii e wonde nokkuuji liɗɗi ɓurɗi lollude e nder liɗɗi Carp, maayo toowngo ngoo ina jeyaa e nokkuuji ɓurɗi lollude e liɗɗi sinndikaaji e nder Afrik worgo.<ref>"donaldson top lake". 2 February 2018.</ref> == Angling Ƴeewndo == === Top Lake === Lake dow oo ina anndaa kadi ko African Gold Syndicate Lake e nder jom en liɗɗi en, ina woni e dow jeyi keeriiɗo, bookings ina poti waɗeede ngam liggaade toon e terɗe syndicate keɓa ɓural e dow yimɓe fof.<ref>"carpsa". 2 February 2018.</ref> Baraas oo ina anndaa e karte monster, wonaa huunde weeɓnde nanngude liɗɗi ko ina tolnoo e 25 kg. Ko ɓuri heewde e maayooji ɗii ko 27,1 kg nanngaa e hitaande 2016.<ref>Fishing log book at office</ref> === Lake les === Ladde les ndee wonnoo ko nokku njulaagu meeɗnooɗo huutoreede, yiɗde e nder galleeji yiɗɓe waɗde ñalngu nguu e ndiyam, hannde nokkuuji ɗii ina njejjitee, ina ndoga. Jooni ko laamu nguu jogori dognaade baraas oo, ina jogaa laaɓal, ina toppitii no feewi.[5] Dam oo kadi ina anndaa e nder jom en liɗɗi (specimen) kam e jom en liɗɗi (conventionnel) e jom en liɗɗi (bass) fof. Lake les ko laamu dognata ɗum noon ina udditanaa yimɓe fof tawa ɓuraani terɗe sinndikaaji ko wayi no lake dow. Karpuuji keewɗi (Cyprinus carpio) nanngaaɗi e baraas oo ina mbaɗi karpuuji daneeji, karpuuji ɓaleeji, karpuuji ƴiiƴam, karpuuji Israayiil e koi, leƴƴi goɗɗi keɓaaɗi e baraas oo ina mbaɗi liɗɗi ɓuuɓɗi (Clarias gariepinus), liɗɗi moggel (LabeoTipia umbratus), liɗɗi ɓuuɓɗi maayo OrangeLabe sparrmanii), Ɓoornugol hunduko fuɗnaange (Pseudocrenilabrus philander), Ɓoornugol ɓuuɓri tati (Enteromius trimaculatus), Ɓoornugol ɓuuɓri ( Enteromius paludinosus ), Ɓoornugol hunduko mawngol (Micropterus salmoides) e Liɗɗi ɓowɗi hirnaange (Gumbisa Affinis). {| class="wikitable" |+Bottom Lake Records<ref>Government controlled fishing log book</ref> !Species !Common name !Size !Year |- |Cyprinus Carpio |Common Carp |28.3&nbsp;kg |1991 |- |Clarias Gariepinus |Sharptooth Catfish |20.2&nbsp;kg |1994 |- |Micropterus Salmoides |Largemouth Bass |3.8&nbsp;kg |2017 |} ==Tuugnorgal== obwjk2a4nqnmh5pl8fglf361wim32of 0 42437 175837 2026-06-23T08:43:44Z Nnamadee 11577 Created page with "'''Baraas Emmarentia''' ko baraas gonɗo to Emmarentia, e nder leydi Afrik worgo. Won baraasuuji keewɗi baɗɗi baraas Emmarentia, hay so tawii ko e mbaydi ngootiri, baraaji ɗiɗi tokoosi tawaaɗi dow maayo e nder Jardiiji Botanique Johannesburg.[2] == Tariya == Baraas Emmarentia ina woni e leydi ndi meeɗiino wonde gese Braamfontein, gooto e gese mawɗe keewɗe baɗɗe ko wiyetee Johannesburg e saraaji mum.[3] Leydi ndi soodaa ko e hitaande 1886 ko Lourens Geldenhuys..." 175837 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Baraas Emmarentia''' ko baraas gonɗo to Emmarentia, e nder leydi Afrik worgo. Won baraasuuji keewɗi baɗɗi baraas Emmarentia, hay so tawii ko e mbaydi ngootiri, baraaji ɗiɗi tokoosi tawaaɗi dow maayo e nder Jardiiji Botanique Johannesburg.[2] == Tariya == Baraas Emmarentia ina woni e leydi ndi meeɗiino wonde gese Braamfontein, gooto e gese mawɗe keewɗe baɗɗe ko wiyetee Johannesburg e saraaji mum.[3] Leydi ndi soodaa ko e hitaande 1886 ko Lourens Geldenhuys ngam hakkeeji mum njulaagu nde tawnoo ina ɗaminaa maa Confidence Reef yaajnu e nder ngesa makko kono ɗum waɗaani.[3] Leydi ndi heddii ko ndema, e hitaande 1891 ndi feccii hakkunde ɓiyiiko Frans e Louw ɗo banndiraaɓe ɓee mbaɗnoo gila ko ɓooyi cuuɗi ndema ɗiɗi, ina ngoodi haa jooni, sara ɗo baraas oo woni hannde ɗoo.[3] Caggal wolde Boer ɗiɗmere, nde Louw Geldenhuys e miñi mum tawtoranoo e nder konu Krugersdorp, o felliti wallude won e wolde Boer en ɓe ngalaa leydi, ɓe ngalaa golle.[3] O huutorii ɗe ngam mahde baraas kaaƴe e leydi e bolokaaji kaaƴe ummoraade e tufɗe caggal ngesa baa, o yoɓi ɗum £12,000.[3][4] Baraas oo mahiraa ko e dow maayo Westdene ngo woni ko e maayo Braamfontein ɓurngo mawnude.[5] Ndeen baraas oo innitiraa ko debbo makko Emmarentia Botha.[3] Teemedere e ɓeeɗoo gollotooɓe ndeen koɗnoo ko e nokkuuji 14 tokoosi ndiyam e dow 145 morgens ndema e nder ko woni hannde e nder gure Emmarentia, Linden e Greenside ɗo ɓe ndema ɓiɓɓe leɗɗe e kosam e renndo tuugiiɗo e tataɓal njuuteendi njeeygu geɗe ɗee.[3][4] kvtlidrb3tjrkvhwe1mnncptwlzqw78 175838 175837 2026-06-23T08:44:23Z Nnamadee 11577 175838 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Baraas Emmarentia''' ko baraas gonɗo to Emmarentia, e nder leydi Afrik worgo. Won baraasuuji keewɗi baɗɗi baraas Emmarentia, hay so tawii ko e mbaydi ngootiri, baraaji ɗiɗi tokoosi tawaaɗi dow maayo e nder Jardiiji Botanique Johannesburg.[2] == Tariya == Baraas Emmarentia ina woni e leydi ndi meeɗiino wonde gese Braamfontein, gooto e gese mawɗe keewɗe baɗɗe ko wiyetee Johannesburg e saraaji mum.[3] Leydi ndi soodaa ko e hitaande 1886 ko Lourens Geldenhuys ngam hakkeeji mum njulaagu nde tawnoo ina ɗaminaa maa Confidence Reef yaajnu e nder ngesa makko kono ɗum waɗaani.[3] Leydi ndi heddii ko ndema, e hitaande 1891 ndi feccii hakkunde ɓiyiiko Frans e Louw ɗo banndiraaɓe ɓee mbaɗnoo gila ko ɓooyi cuuɗi ndema ɗiɗi, ina ngoodi haa jooni, sara ɗo baraas oo woni hannde ɗoo.[3] Caggal wolde Boer ɗiɗmere, nde Louw Geldenhuys e miñi mum tawtoranoo e nder konu Krugersdorp, o felliti wallude won e wolde Boer en ɓe ngalaa leydi, ɓe ngalaa golle.[3] O huutorii ɗe ngam mahde baraas kaaƴe e leydi e bolokaaji kaaƴe ummoraade e tufɗe caggal ngesa baa, o yoɓi ɗum £12,000.[3][4] Baraas oo mahiraa ko e dow maayo Westdene ngo woni ko e maayo Braamfontein ɓurngo mawnude.[5] Ndeen baraas oo innitiraa ko debbo makko Emmarentia Botha.[3] Teemedere e ɓeeɗoo gollotooɓe ndeen koɗnoo ko e nokkuuji 14 tokoosi ndiyam e dow 145 morgens ndema e nder ko woni hannde e nder gure Emmarentia, Linden e Greenside ɗo ɓe ndema ɓiɓɓe leɗɗe e kosam e renndo tuugiiɗo e tataɓal njuuteendi njeeygu geɗe ɗee.[3][4] Louw maayi ko e hitaande 1929, debbo makko Emmarentia fuɗɗii yeeyde geɗe e nder ngesa baa wonti wuro wiyeteengo Greenside e hitaande 1931, Emmarentia e hitaande 1937 inniri ɗum, e hitaande 1941, Emmarentia Extension.[3] E hitaande 1933, ektaaruuji 13 e nder ngesa hee ndokkaama wuro Johannesburg ngam waɗde parkeeji e fijooji, caggal nde pecce leydi goɗɗe keɓaa, wonti parkeeji Jan van Riebeeck (1952) e Jardiin Botanique Johannesburg (1964), Baras Emmarentia Cemeter Clubs (1939) e Parks Marks91 (1942). == Dam e saraaji mum == Njuuteeki baraas oo ko hedde 400 meeter (1 310 ft) e luggiɗde ɓurnde mawnude ko 6,7 meeter (22 ft) e dow ndiyam ko 8,8 ektaar (22 ektaar).[4] Jardiin leɗɗe Johannesburg woni ko e daande maayo hirnaange baraas oo.[7] Daande maayo hirnaange ngoo ina waɗi leɗɗe, nokkuuji huɗo naftooji kuutorteeɗi ngam waɗde piknik, braais (barbecue) e yahdu pucci, e suudu teewu. Nokku oo fof ina addana yah-ngartaa jaajɗo, ina waɗi yiyngooji woɗɗuɗi Sandton e Rosebank, e (ko ɓadii) Melville Koppies. Ina woodi werlaa rooseeji toppitiiɗi no feewi, e nokku ɗo parkeeji wuro Johannesburg ina njogii eɓɓaande leɗɗe. Leɗɗe keewɗe ina mbaawi yiyeede, kadi ina woodi kadi nguurndam colli e kullon ladde tokokon ko wayi no mongol e ƴiye leɗɗe.. Baras mawɗo oo, to fuɗnaange gese ɗee, ina jaɓɓoo 1st Victory View Sea Scout Group galle laana, tawi ko to fuɗnaange damal Equaall sport so kippuuji ina nguuri, ina heen kippuuji laana ndiwoowa Emmarentia, kippuuji les ndiyam Normalair, e kippuuji laanaaji Dabulamanzi, ina taarii ɗum daande maayo juutngo haa hoore baraas oo, ina weeɓi heɓde liɗɗi e piknikuuji. Ko ɓuuɓnata baraas oo ina rutta e nder Westdene Spruit, ina waɗi gaasuuji parkeeji belɗi, nokku leɗɗe udditiiɗe, e baraas tokooso les, ina wondi e fedde 1st Greenside Scout Group to John McKenzie Drive. 0zmcgbg9zzx7py87yoat49xdvqxcd2x 175839 175838 2026-06-23T08:45:17Z Nnamadee 11577 175839 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Baraas Emmarentia''' ko baraas gonɗo to Emmarentia, e nder leydi Afrik worgo. Won baraasuuji keewɗi baɗɗi baraas Emmarentia, hay so tawii ko e mbaydi ngootiri, baraaji ɗiɗi tokoosi tawaaɗi dow maayo e nder Jardiiji Botanique Johannesburg.[2] == Tariya == Baraas Emmarentia ina woni e leydi ndi meeɗiino wonde gese Braamfontein, gooto e gese mawɗe keewɗe baɗɗe ko wiyetee Johannesburg e saraaji mum.[3] Leydi ndi soodaa ko e hitaande 1886 ko Lourens Geldenhuys ngam hakkeeji mum njulaagu nde tawnoo ina ɗaminaa maa Confidence Reef yaajnu e nder ngesa makko kono ɗum waɗaani.[3] Leydi ndi heddii ko ndema, e hitaande 1891 ndi feccii hakkunde ɓiyiiko Frans e Louw ɗo banndiraaɓe ɓee mbaɗnoo gila ko ɓooyi cuuɗi ndema ɗiɗi, ina ngoodi haa jooni, sara ɗo baraas oo woni hannde ɗoo.[3] Caggal wolde Boer ɗiɗmere, nde Louw Geldenhuys e miñi mum tawtoranoo e nder konu Krugersdorp, o felliti wallude won e wolde Boer en ɓe ngalaa leydi, ɓe ngalaa golle.[3] O huutorii ɗe ngam mahde baraas kaaƴe e leydi e bolokaaji kaaƴe ummoraade e tufɗe caggal ngesa baa, o yoɓi ɗum £12,000.[3][4] Baraas oo mahiraa ko e dow maayo Westdene ngo woni ko e maayo Braamfontein ɓurngo mawnude.[5] Ndeen baraas oo innitiraa ko debbo makko Emmarentia Botha.[3] Teemedere e ɓeeɗoo gollotooɓe ndeen koɗnoo ko e nokkuuji 14 tokoosi ndiyam e dow 145 morgens ndema e nder ko woni hannde e nder gure Emmarentia, Linden e Greenside ɗo ɓe ndema ɓiɓɓe leɗɗe e kosam e renndo tuugiiɗo e tataɓal njuuteendi njeeygu geɗe ɗee.[3][4] Louw maayi ko e hitaande 1929, debbo makko Emmarentia fuɗɗii yeeyde geɗe e nder ngesa baa wonti wuro wiyeteengo Greenside e hitaande 1931, Emmarentia e hitaande 1937 inniri ɗum, e hitaande 1941, Emmarentia Extension.[3] E hitaande 1933, ektaaruuji 13 e nder ngesa hee ndokkaama wuro Johannesburg ngam waɗde parkeeji e fijooji, caggal nde pecce leydi goɗɗe keɓaa, wonti parkeeji Jan van Riebeeck (1952) e Jardiin Botanique Johannesburg (1964), Baras Emmarentia Cemeter Clubs (1939) e Parks Marks91 (1942). == Dam e saraaji mum == Njuuteeki baraas oo ko hedde 400 meeter (1 310 ft) e luggiɗde ɓurnde mawnude ko 6,7 meeter (22 ft) e dow ndiyam ko 8,8 ektaar (22 ektaar).[4] Jardiin leɗɗe Johannesburg woni ko e daande maayo hirnaange baraas oo.[7] Daande maayo hirnaange ngoo ina waɗi leɗɗe, nokkuuji huɗo naftooji kuutorteeɗi ngam waɗde piknik, braais (barbecue) e yahdu pucci, e suudu teewu. Nokku oo fof ina addana yah-ngartaa jaajɗo, ina waɗi yiyngooji woɗɗuɗi Sandton e Rosebank, e (ko ɓadii) Melville Koppies. Ina woodi werlaa rooseeji toppitiiɗi no feewi, e nokku ɗo parkeeji wuro Johannesburg ina njogii eɓɓaande leɗɗe. Leɗɗe keewɗe ina mbaawi yiyeede, kadi ina woodi kadi nguurndam colli e kullon ladde tokokon ko wayi no mongol e ƴiye leɗɗe.. Baras mawɗo oo, to fuɗnaange gese ɗee, ina jaɓɓoo 1st Victory View Sea Scout Group galle laana, tawi ko to fuɗnaange damal Equaall sport so kippuuji ina nguuri, ina heen kippuuji laana ndiwoowa Emmarentia, kippuuji les ndiyam Normalair, e kippuuji laanaaji Dabulamanzi, ina taarii ɗum daande maayo juutngo haa hoore baraas oo, ina weeɓi heɓde liɗɗi e piknikuuji. Ko ɓuuɓnata baraas oo ina rutta e nder Westdene Spruit, ina waɗi gaasuuji parkeeji belɗi, nokku leɗɗe udditiiɗe, e baraas tokooso les, ina wondi e fedde 1st Greenside Scout Group to John McKenzie Drive. === Eɓɓaande moƴƴitingol baraas === E lewru abriil 2015, Fedde toppitiinde laabi Johannesburg fuɗɗii eɓɓaande ngam moƴƴinde mahdi baraas oo e gollorɗe mum. Eɓɓaande ndee joofi ko e lewru mee 2016 e njoɓdi 25 miliyoŋ ugiyya.[8] Laabi gadiiɗi ɗi baraas oo moƴƴinaa ko e hitaande 1988. Caggal wiɗto, jooni ina woodi haaju e waɗde toppitagol haɓaade e ɓeydude ndeenka reentaare ilam ngam hisnude baraas oo e jeyiiji hoɗɓe les ɗii.[8] Hoɗɓe e nokkuuji saraaji ɗii mbiyata ko yoo laɓɓine tawa baraas oo ina ɓuuɓna. == Tuugnorgal == je6wrvu7fwu43p7oj3x6acs2923zi1f 175840 175839 2026-06-23T08:45:36Z Nnamadee 11577 175840 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Baraas Emmarentia''' ko baraas gonɗo to Emmarentia, e nder leydi Afrik worgo. Won baraasuuji keewɗi baɗɗi baraas Emmarentia, hay so tawii ko e mbaydi ngootiri, baraaji ɗiɗi tokoosi tawaaɗi dow maayo e nder Jardiiji Botanique Johannesburg.[2] == Tariya == Baraas Emmarentia ina woni e leydi ndi meeɗiino wonde gese Braamfontein, gooto e gese mawɗe keewɗe baɗɗe ko wiyetee Johannesburg e saraaji mum.[3] Leydi ndi soodaa ko e hitaande 1886 ko Lourens Geldenhuys ngam hakkeeji mum njulaagu nde tawnoo ina ɗaminaa maa Confidence Reef yaajnu e nder ngesa makko kono ɗum waɗaani.[3] Leydi ndi heddii ko ndema, e hitaande 1891 ndi feccii hakkunde ɓiyiiko Frans e Louw ɗo banndiraaɓe ɓee mbaɗnoo gila ko ɓooyi cuuɗi ndema ɗiɗi, ina ngoodi haa jooni, sara ɗo baraas oo woni hannde ɗoo.[3] Caggal wolde Boer ɗiɗmere, nde Louw Geldenhuys e miñi mum tawtoranoo e nder konu Krugersdorp, o felliti wallude won e wolde Boer en ɓe ngalaa leydi, ɓe ngalaa golle.[3] O huutorii ɗe ngam mahde baraas kaaƴe e leydi e bolokaaji kaaƴe ummoraade e tufɗe caggal ngesa baa, o yoɓi ɗum £12,000.[3][4] Baraas oo mahiraa ko e dow maayo Westdene ngo woni ko e maayo Braamfontein ɓurngo mawnude.[5] Ndeen baraas oo innitiraa ko debbo makko Emmarentia Botha.[3] Teemedere e ɓeeɗoo gollotooɓe ndeen koɗnoo ko e nokkuuji 14 tokoosi ndiyam e dow 145 morgens ndema e nder ko woni hannde e nder gure Emmarentia, Linden e Greenside ɗo ɓe ndema ɓiɓɓe leɗɗe e kosam e renndo tuugiiɗo e tataɓal njuuteendi njeeygu geɗe ɗee.[3][4] Louw maayi ko e hitaande 1929, debbo makko Emmarentia fuɗɗii yeeyde geɗe e nder ngesa baa wonti wuro wiyeteengo Greenside e hitaande 1931, Emmarentia e hitaande 1937 inniri ɗum, e hitaande 1941, Emmarentia Extension.[3] E hitaande 1933, ektaaruuji 13 e nder ngesa hee ndokkaama wuro Johannesburg ngam waɗde parkeeji e fijooji, caggal nde pecce leydi goɗɗe keɓaa, wonti parkeeji Jan van Riebeeck (1952) e Jardiin Botanique Johannesburg (1964), Baras Emmarentia Cemeter Clubs (1939) e Parks Marks91 (1942). == Dam e saraaji mum == Njuuteeki baraas oo ko hedde 400 meeter (1 310 ft) e luggiɗde ɓurnde mawnude ko 6,7 meeter (22 ft) e dow ndiyam ko 8,8 ektaar (22 ektaar).[4] Jardiin leɗɗe Johannesburg woni ko e daande maayo hirnaange baraas oo.[7] Daande maayo hirnaange ngoo ina waɗi leɗɗe, nokkuuji huɗo naftooji kuutorteeɗi ngam waɗde piknik, braais (barbecue) e yahdu pucci, e suudu teewu. Nokku oo fof ina addana yah-ngartaa jaajɗo, ina waɗi yiyngooji woɗɗuɗi Sandton e Rosebank, e (ko ɓadii) Melville Koppies. Ina woodi werlaa rooseeji toppitiiɗi no feewi, e nokku ɗo parkeeji wuro Johannesburg ina njogii eɓɓaande leɗɗe. Leɗɗe keewɗe ina mbaawi yiyeede, kadi ina woodi kadi nguurndam colli e kullon ladde tokokon ko wayi no mongol e ƴiye leɗɗe.. Baras mawɗo oo, to fuɗnaange gese ɗee, ina jaɓɓoo 1st Victory View Sea Scout Group galle laana, tawi ko to fuɗnaange damal Equaall sport so kippuuji ina nguuri, ina heen kippuuji laana ndiwoowa Emmarentia, kippuuji les ndiyam Normalair, e kippuuji laanaaji Dabulamanzi, ina taarii ɗum daande maayo juutngo haa hoore baraas oo, ina weeɓi heɓde liɗɗi e piknikuuji. Ko ɓuuɓnata baraas oo ina rutta e nder Westdene Spruit, ina waɗi gaasuuji parkeeji belɗi, nokku leɗɗe udditiiɗe, e baraas tokooso les, ina wondi e fedde 1st Greenside Scout Group to John McKenzie Drive. === Eɓɓaande moƴƴitingol baraas === E lewru abriil 2015, Fedde toppitiinde laabi Johannesburg fuɗɗii eɓɓaande ngam moƴƴinde mahdi baraas oo e gollorɗe mum. Eɓɓaande ndee joofi ko e lewru mee 2016 e njoɓdi 25 miliyoŋ ugiyya.[8] Laabi gadiiɗi ɗi baraas oo moƴƴinaa ko e hitaande 1988. Caggal wiɗto, jooni ina woodi haaju e waɗde toppitagol haɓaade e ɓeydude ndeenka reentaare ilam ngam hisnude baraas oo e jeyiiji hoɗɓe les ɗii.[8] Hoɗɓe e nokkuuji saraaji ɗii mbiyata ko yoo laɓɓine tawa baraas oo ina ɓuuɓna. == Tuugnorgal == o3mseww0h17xpsnpytshlis9wy90nlk 175841 175840 2026-06-23T08:46:48Z Nnamadee 11577 175841 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Baraas Emmarentia''' ko baraas gonɗo to Emmarentia, e nder leydi Afrik worgo. Won baraasuuji keewɗi baɗɗi baraas Emmarentia, hay so tawii ko e mbaydi ngootiri, baraaji ɗiɗi tokoosi tawaaɗi dow maayo e nder Jardiiji Botanique Johannesburg.<ref>"Emmarentia Dam". Emmarentia Residents Association. Archived from the original on 24 April 2016. Retrieved 18 October 2015.</ref> == Tariya == Baraas Emmarentia ina woni e leydi ndi meeɗiino wonde gese Braamfontein, gooto e gese mawɗe keewɗe baɗɗe ko wiyetee Johannesburg e saraaji mum.[3] Leydi ndi soodaa ko e hitaande 1886 ko Lourens Geldenhuys ngam hakkeeji mum njulaagu nde tawnoo ina ɗaminaa maa Confidence Reef yaajnu e nder ngesa makko kono ɗum waɗaani.[3] Leydi ndi heddii ko ndema, e hitaande 1891 ndi feccii hakkunde ɓiyiiko Frans e Louw ɗo banndiraaɓe ɓee mbaɗnoo gila ko ɓooyi cuuɗi ndema ɗiɗi, ina ngoodi haa jooni, sara ɗo baraas oo woni hannde ɗoo.[3] Caggal wolde Boer ɗiɗmere, nde Louw Geldenhuys e miñi mum tawtoranoo e nder konu Krugersdorp, o felliti wallude won e wolde Boer en ɓe ngalaa leydi, ɓe ngalaa golle.[3] O huutorii ɗe ngam mahde baraas kaaƴe e leydi e bolokaaji kaaƴe ummoraade e tufɗe caggal ngesa baa, o yoɓi ɗum £12,000.[3][4] Baraas oo mahiraa ko e dow maayo Westdene ngo woni ko e maayo Braamfontein ɓurngo mawnude.[5] Ndeen baraas oo innitiraa ko debbo makko Emmarentia Botha.[3] Teemedere e ɓeeɗoo gollotooɓe ndeen koɗnoo ko e nokkuuji 14 tokoosi ndiyam e dow 145 morgens ndema e nder ko woni hannde e nder gure Emmarentia, Linden e Greenside ɗo ɓe ndema ɓiɓɓe leɗɗe e kosam e renndo tuugiiɗo e tataɓal njuuteendi njeeygu geɗe ɗee.[3][4] Louw maayi ko e hitaande 1929, debbo makko Emmarentia fuɗɗii yeeyde geɗe e nder ngesa baa wonti wuro wiyeteengo Greenside e hitaande 1931, Emmarentia e hitaande 1937 inniri ɗum, e hitaande 1941, Emmarentia Extension.[3] E hitaande 1933, ektaaruuji 13 e nder ngesa hee ndokkaama wuro Johannesburg ngam waɗde parkeeji e fijooji, caggal nde pecce leydi goɗɗe keɓaa, wonti parkeeji Jan van Riebeeck (1952) e Jardiin Botanique Johannesburg (1964), Baras Emmarentia Cemeter Clubs (1939) e Parks Marks91 (1942). == Dam e saraaji mum == Njuuteeki baraas oo ko hedde 400 meeter (1 310 ft) e luggiɗde ɓurnde mawnude ko 6,7 meeter (22 ft) e dow ndiyam ko 8,8 ektaar (22 ektaar).[4] Jardiin leɗɗe Johannesburg woni ko e daande maayo hirnaange baraas oo.[7] Daande maayo hirnaange ngoo ina waɗi leɗɗe, nokkuuji huɗo naftooji kuutorteeɗi ngam waɗde piknik, braais (barbecue) e yahdu pucci, e suudu teewu. Nokku oo fof ina addana yah-ngartaa jaajɗo, ina waɗi yiyngooji woɗɗuɗi Sandton e Rosebank, e (ko ɓadii) Melville Koppies. Ina woodi werlaa rooseeji toppitiiɗi no feewi, e nokku ɗo parkeeji wuro Johannesburg ina njogii eɓɓaande leɗɗe. Leɗɗe keewɗe ina mbaawi yiyeede, kadi ina woodi kadi nguurndam colli e kullon ladde tokokon ko wayi no mongol e ƴiye leɗɗe.. Baras mawɗo oo, to fuɗnaange gese ɗee, ina jaɓɓoo 1st Victory View Sea Scout Group galle laana, tawi ko to fuɗnaange damal Equaall sport so kippuuji ina nguuri, ina heen kippuuji laana ndiwoowa Emmarentia, kippuuji les ndiyam Normalair, e kippuuji laanaaji Dabulamanzi, ina taarii ɗum daande maayo juutngo haa hoore baraas oo, ina weeɓi heɓde liɗɗi e piknikuuji. Ko ɓuuɓnata baraas oo ina rutta e nder Westdene Spruit, ina waɗi gaasuuji parkeeji belɗi, nokku leɗɗe udditiiɗe, e baraas tokooso les, ina wondi e fedde 1st Greenside Scout Group to John McKenzie Drive. === Eɓɓaande moƴƴitingol baraas === E lewru abriil 2015, Fedde toppitiinde laabi Johannesburg fuɗɗii eɓɓaande ngam moƴƴinde mahdi baraas oo e gollorɗe mum. Eɓɓaande ndee joofi ko e lewru mee 2016 e njoɓdi 25 miliyoŋ ugiyya.[8] Laabi gadiiɗi ɗi baraas oo moƴƴinaa ko e hitaande 1988. Caggal wiɗto, jooni ina woodi haaju e waɗde toppitagol haɓaade e ɓeydude ndeenka reentaare ilam ngam hisnude baraas oo e jeyiiji hoɗɓe les ɗii.[8] Hoɗɓe e nokkuuji saraaji ɗii mbiyata ko yoo laɓɓine tawa baraas oo ina ɓuuɓna. == Tuugnorgal == 9ibwt93htyi5otuj6cdp7pz6ccv6lom 175842 175841 2026-06-23T08:47:14Z Nnamadee 11577 175842 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Baraas Emmarentia''' ko baraas gonɗo to Emmarentia, e nder leydi Afrik worgo. Won baraasuuji keewɗi baɗɗi baraas Emmarentia, hay so tawii ko e mbaydi ngootiri, baraaji ɗiɗi tokoosi tawaaɗi dow maayo e nder Jardiiji Botanique Johannesburg.<ref>"Emmarentia Dam". Emmarentia Residents Association. Archived from the original on 24 April 2016. Retrieved 18 October 2015.</ref> == Tariya == Baraas Emmarentia ina woni e leydi ndi meeɗiino wonde gese Braamfontein, gooto e gese mawɗe keewɗe baɗɗe ko wiyetee Johannesburg e saraaji mum.[3] Leydi ndi soodaa ko e hitaande 1886 ko Lourens Geldenhuys ngam hakkeeji mum njulaagu nde tawnoo ina ɗaminaa maa Confidence Reef yaajnu e nder ngesa makko kono ɗum waɗaani.[3] Leydi ndi heddii ko ndema, e hitaande 1891 ndi feccii hakkunde ɓiyiiko Frans e Louw ɗo banndiraaɓe ɓee mbaɗnoo gila ko ɓooyi cuuɗi ndema ɗiɗi, ina ngoodi haa jooni, sara ɗo baraas oo woni hannde ɗoo.<ref>Davie, Lucille (15 July 2012). "Joburg's only dry suburb". Johannesburg City Council. Archived from the original on 5 January 2013. Retrieved 18 October 2015.</ref> Caggal wolde Boer ɗiɗmere, nde Louw Geldenhuys e miñi mum tawtoranoo e nder konu Krugersdorp, o felliti wallude won e wolde Boer en ɓe ngalaa leydi, ɓe ngalaa golle.[3] O huutorii ɗe ngam mahde baraas kaaƴe e leydi e bolokaaji kaaƴe ummoraade e tufɗe caggal ngesa baa, o yoɓi ɗum £12,000.[3][4] Baraas oo mahiraa ko e dow maayo Westdene ngo woni ko e maayo Braamfontein ɓurngo mawnude.[5] Ndeen baraas oo innitiraa ko debbo makko Emmarentia Botha.[3] Teemedere e ɓeeɗoo gollotooɓe ndeen koɗnoo ko e nokkuuji 14 tokoosi ndiyam e dow 145 morgens ndema e nder ko woni hannde e nder gure Emmarentia, Linden e Greenside ɗo ɓe ndema ɓiɓɓe leɗɗe e kosam e renndo tuugiiɗo e tataɓal njuuteendi njeeygu geɗe ɗee.[3][4] Louw maayi ko e hitaande 1929, debbo makko Emmarentia fuɗɗii yeeyde geɗe e nder ngesa baa wonti wuro wiyeteengo Greenside e hitaande 1931, Emmarentia e hitaande 1937 inniri ɗum, e hitaande 1941, Emmarentia Extension.[3] E hitaande 1933, ektaaruuji 13 e nder ngesa hee ndokkaama wuro Johannesburg ngam waɗde parkeeji e fijooji, caggal nde pecce leydi goɗɗe keɓaa, wonti parkeeji Jan van Riebeeck (1952) e Jardiin Botanique Johannesburg (1964), Baras Emmarentia Cemeter Clubs (1939) e Parks Marks91 (1942). == Dam e saraaji mum == Njuuteeki baraas oo ko hedde 400 meeter (1 310 ft) e luggiɗde ɓurnde mawnude ko 6,7 meeter (22 ft) e dow ndiyam ko 8,8 ektaar (22 ektaar).[4] Jardiin leɗɗe Johannesburg woni ko e daande maayo hirnaange baraas oo.[7] Daande maayo hirnaange ngoo ina waɗi leɗɗe, nokkuuji huɗo naftooji kuutorteeɗi ngam waɗde piknik, braais (barbecue) e yahdu pucci, e suudu teewu. Nokku oo fof ina addana yah-ngartaa jaajɗo, ina waɗi yiyngooji woɗɗuɗi Sandton e Rosebank, e (ko ɓadii) Melville Koppies. Ina woodi werlaa rooseeji toppitiiɗi no feewi, e nokku ɗo parkeeji wuro Johannesburg ina njogii eɓɓaande leɗɗe. Leɗɗe keewɗe ina mbaawi yiyeede, kadi ina woodi kadi nguurndam colli e kullon ladde tokokon ko wayi no mongol e ƴiye leɗɗe.. Baras mawɗo oo, to fuɗnaange gese ɗee, ina jaɓɓoo 1st Victory View Sea Scout Group galle laana, tawi ko to fuɗnaange damal Equaall sport so kippuuji ina nguuri, ina heen kippuuji laana ndiwoowa Emmarentia, kippuuji les ndiyam Normalair, e kippuuji laanaaji Dabulamanzi, ina taarii ɗum daande maayo juutngo haa hoore baraas oo, ina weeɓi heɓde liɗɗi e piknikuuji. Ko ɓuuɓnata baraas oo ina rutta e nder Westdene Spruit, ina waɗi gaasuuji parkeeji belɗi, nokku leɗɗe udditiiɗe, e baraas tokooso les, ina wondi e fedde 1st Greenside Scout Group to John McKenzie Drive. === Eɓɓaande moƴƴitingol baraas === E lewru abriil 2015, Fedde toppitiinde laabi Johannesburg fuɗɗii eɓɓaande ngam moƴƴinde mahdi baraas oo e gollorɗe mum. Eɓɓaande ndee joofi ko e lewru mee 2016 e njoɓdi 25 miliyoŋ ugiyya.[8] Laabi gadiiɗi ɗi baraas oo moƴƴinaa ko e hitaande 1988. Caggal wiɗto, jooni ina woodi haaju e waɗde toppitagol haɓaade e ɓeydude ndeenka reentaare ilam ngam hisnude baraas oo e jeyiiji hoɗɓe les ɗii.[8] Hoɗɓe e nokkuuji saraaji ɗii mbiyata ko yoo laɓɓine tawa baraas oo ina ɓuuɓna. == Tuugnorgal == 6xkkyitlyxelp1qp5ulnbl7klcng5yp 175843 175842 2026-06-23T08:47:47Z Nnamadee 11577 175843 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Baraas Emmarentia''' ko baraas gonɗo to Emmarentia, e nder leydi Afrik worgo. Won baraasuuji keewɗi baɗɗi baraas Emmarentia, hay so tawii ko e mbaydi ngootiri, baraaji ɗiɗi tokoosi tawaaɗi dow maayo e nder Jardiiji Botanique Johannesburg.<ref>"Emmarentia Dam". Emmarentia Residents Association. Archived from the original on 24 April 2016. Retrieved 18 October 2015.</ref> == Tariya == Baraas Emmarentia ina woni e leydi ndi meeɗiino wonde gese Braamfontein, gooto e gese mawɗe keewɗe baɗɗe ko wiyetee Johannesburg e saraaji mum.[3] Leydi ndi soodaa ko e hitaande 1886 ko Lourens Geldenhuys ngam hakkeeji mum njulaagu nde tawnoo ina ɗaminaa maa Confidence Reef yaajnu e nder ngesa makko kono ɗum waɗaani.[3] Leydi ndi heddii ko ndema, e hitaande 1891 ndi feccii hakkunde ɓiyiiko Frans e Louw ɗo banndiraaɓe ɓee mbaɗnoo gila ko ɓooyi cuuɗi ndema ɗiɗi, ina ngoodi haa jooni, sara ɗo baraas oo woni hannde ɗoo.<ref>Davie, Lucille (15 July 2012). "Joburg's only dry suburb". Johannesburg City Council. Archived from the original on 5 January 2013. Retrieved 18 October 2015.</ref> Caggal wolde Boer ɗiɗmere, nde Louw Geldenhuys e miñi mum tawtoranoo e nder konu Krugersdorp, o felliti wallude won e wolde Boer en ɓe ngalaa leydi, ɓe ngalaa golle.[3] O huutorii ɗe ngam mahde baraas kaaƴe e leydi e bolokaaji kaaƴe ummoraade e tufɗe caggal ngesa baa, o yoɓi ɗum £12,000.[3][4] Baraas oo mahiraa ko e dow maayo Westdene ngo woni ko e maayo Braamfontein ɓurngo mawnude.[5] Ndeen baraas oo innitiraa ko debbo makko Emmarentia Botha.[3] Teemedere e ɓeeɗoo gollotooɓe ndeen koɗnoo ko e nokkuuji 14 tokoosi ndiyam e dow 145 morgens ndema e nder ko woni hannde e nder gure Emmarentia, Linden e Greenside ɗo ɓe ndema ɓiɓɓe leɗɗe e kosam e renndo tuugiiɗo e tataɓal njuuteendi njeeygu geɗe ɗee.[3]<ref>"The Origins of Emmarentia Dam". The Heritage Portal. 3 December 2013. Retrieved 18 October 2015.</ref> Louw maayi ko e hitaande 1929, debbo makko Emmarentia fuɗɗii yeeyde geɗe e nder ngesa baa wonti wuro wiyeteengo Greenside e hitaande 1931, Emmarentia e hitaande 1937 inniri ɗum, e hitaande 1941, Emmarentia Extension.[3] E hitaande 1933, ektaaruuji 13 e nder ngesa hee ndokkaama wuro Johannesburg ngam waɗde parkeeji e fijooji, caggal nde pecce leydi goɗɗe keɓaa, wonti parkeeji Jan van Riebeeck (1952) e Jardiin Botanique Johannesburg (1964), Baras Emmarentia Cemeter Clubs (1939) e Parks Marks91 (1942). == Dam e saraaji mum == Njuuteeki baraas oo ko hedde 400 meeter (1 310 ft) e luggiɗde ɓurnde mawnude ko 6,7 meeter (22 ft) e dow ndiyam ko 8,8 ektaar (22 ektaar).[4] Jardiin leɗɗe Johannesburg woni ko e daande maayo hirnaange baraas oo.[7] Daande maayo hirnaange ngoo ina waɗi leɗɗe, nokkuuji huɗo naftooji kuutorteeɗi ngam waɗde piknik, braais (barbecue) e yahdu pucci, e suudu teewu. Nokku oo fof ina addana yah-ngartaa jaajɗo, ina waɗi yiyngooji woɗɗuɗi Sandton e Rosebank, e (ko ɓadii) Melville Koppies. Ina woodi werlaa rooseeji toppitiiɗi no feewi, e nokku ɗo parkeeji wuro Johannesburg ina njogii eɓɓaande leɗɗe. Leɗɗe keewɗe ina mbaawi yiyeede, kadi ina woodi kadi nguurndam colli e kullon ladde tokokon ko wayi no mongol e ƴiye leɗɗe.. Baras mawɗo oo, to fuɗnaange gese ɗee, ina jaɓɓoo 1st Victory View Sea Scout Group galle laana, tawi ko to fuɗnaange damal Equaall sport so kippuuji ina nguuri, ina heen kippuuji laana ndiwoowa Emmarentia, kippuuji les ndiyam Normalair, e kippuuji laanaaji Dabulamanzi, ina taarii ɗum daande maayo juutngo haa hoore baraas oo, ina weeɓi heɓde liɗɗi e piknikuuji. Ko ɓuuɓnata baraas oo ina rutta e nder Westdene Spruit, ina waɗi gaasuuji parkeeji belɗi, nokku leɗɗe udditiiɗe, e baraas tokooso les, ina wondi e fedde 1st Greenside Scout Group to John McKenzie Drive. === Eɓɓaande moƴƴitingol baraas === E lewru abriil 2015, Fedde toppitiinde laabi Johannesburg fuɗɗii eɓɓaande ngam moƴƴinde mahdi baraas oo e gollorɗe mum. Eɓɓaande ndee joofi ko e lewru mee 2016 e njoɓdi 25 miliyoŋ ugiyya.[8] Laabi gadiiɗi ɗi baraas oo moƴƴinaa ko e hitaande 1988. Caggal wiɗto, jooni ina woodi haaju e waɗde toppitagol haɓaade e ɓeydude ndeenka reentaare ilam ngam hisnude baraas oo e jeyiiji hoɗɓe les ɗii.[8] Hoɗɓe e nokkuuji saraaji ɗii mbiyata ko yoo laɓɓine tawa baraas oo ina ɓuuɓna. == Tuugnorgal == piemx4lz487r4m69d6ek80py93fkz4s 175844 175843 2026-06-23T08:48:15Z Nnamadee 11577 175844 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Baraas Emmarentia''' ko baraas gonɗo to Emmarentia, e nder leydi Afrik worgo. Won baraasuuji keewɗi baɗɗi baraas Emmarentia, hay so tawii ko e mbaydi ngootiri, baraaji ɗiɗi tokoosi tawaaɗi dow maayo e nder Jardiiji Botanique Johannesburg.<ref>"Emmarentia Dam". Emmarentia Residents Association. Archived from the original on 24 April 2016. Retrieved 18 October 2015.</ref> == Tariya == Baraas Emmarentia ina woni e leydi ndi meeɗiino wonde gese Braamfontein, gooto e gese mawɗe keewɗe baɗɗe ko wiyetee Johannesburg e saraaji mum.[3] Leydi ndi soodaa ko e hitaande 1886 ko Lourens Geldenhuys ngam hakkeeji mum njulaagu nde tawnoo ina ɗaminaa maa Confidence Reef yaajnu e nder ngesa makko kono ɗum waɗaani.[3] Leydi ndi heddii ko ndema, e hitaande 1891 ndi feccii hakkunde ɓiyiiko Frans e Louw ɗo banndiraaɓe ɓee mbaɗnoo gila ko ɓooyi cuuɗi ndema ɗiɗi, ina ngoodi haa jooni, sara ɗo baraas oo woni hannde ɗoo.<ref>Davie, Lucille (15 July 2012). "Joburg's only dry suburb". Johannesburg City Council. Archived from the original on 5 January 2013. Retrieved 18 October 2015.</ref> Caggal wolde Boer ɗiɗmere, nde Louw Geldenhuys e miñi mum tawtoranoo e nder konu Krugersdorp, o felliti wallude won e wolde Boer en ɓe ngalaa leydi, ɓe ngalaa golle.[3] O huutorii ɗe ngam mahde baraas kaaƴe e leydi e bolokaaji kaaƴe ummoraade e tufɗe caggal ngesa baa, o yoɓi ɗum £12,000.[3][4] Baraas oo mahiraa ko e dow maayo Westdene ngo woni ko e maayo Braamfontein ɓurngo mawnude.<ref>"Water, water... everywhere". Johannesburg City Council. Archived from the original on 5 January 2013. Retrieved 18 October 2015.</ref> Ndeen baraas oo innitiraa ko debbo makko Emmarentia Botha.[3] Teemedere e ɓeeɗoo gollotooɓe ndeen koɗnoo ko e nokkuuji 14 tokoosi ndiyam e dow 145 morgens ndema e nder ko woni hannde e nder gure Emmarentia, Linden e Greenside ɗo ɓe ndema ɓiɓɓe leɗɗe e kosam e renndo tuugiiɗo e tataɓal njuuteendi njeeygu geɗe ɗee.[3]<ref>"The Origins of Emmarentia Dam". The Heritage Portal. 3 December 2013. Retrieved 18 October 2015.</ref> Louw maayi ko e hitaande 1929, debbo makko Emmarentia fuɗɗii yeeyde geɗe e nder ngesa baa wonti wuro wiyeteengo Greenside e hitaande 1931, Emmarentia e hitaande 1937 inniri ɗum, e hitaande 1941, Emmarentia Extension.[3] E hitaande 1933, ektaaruuji 13 e nder ngesa hee ndokkaama wuro Johannesburg ngam waɗde parkeeji e fijooji, caggal nde pecce leydi goɗɗe keɓaa, wonti parkeeji Jan van Riebeeck (1952) e Jardiin Botanique Johannesburg (1964), Baras Emmarentia Cemeter Clubs (1939) e Parks Marks91 (1942). == Dam e saraaji mum == Njuuteeki baraas oo ko hedde 400 meeter (1 310 ft) e luggiɗde ɓurnde mawnude ko 6,7 meeter (22 ft) e dow ndiyam ko 8,8 ektaar (22 ektaar).[4] Jardiin leɗɗe Johannesburg woni ko e daande maayo hirnaange baraas oo.[7] Daande maayo hirnaange ngoo ina waɗi leɗɗe, nokkuuji huɗo naftooji kuutorteeɗi ngam waɗde piknik, braais (barbecue) e yahdu pucci, e suudu teewu. Nokku oo fof ina addana yah-ngartaa jaajɗo, ina waɗi yiyngooji woɗɗuɗi Sandton e Rosebank, e (ko ɓadii) Melville Koppies. Ina woodi werlaa rooseeji toppitiiɗi no feewi, e nokku ɗo parkeeji wuro Johannesburg ina njogii eɓɓaande leɗɗe. Leɗɗe keewɗe ina mbaawi yiyeede, kadi ina woodi kadi nguurndam colli e kullon ladde tokokon ko wayi no mongol e ƴiye leɗɗe.. Baras mawɗo oo, to fuɗnaange gese ɗee, ina jaɓɓoo 1st Victory View Sea Scout Group galle laana, tawi ko to fuɗnaange damal Equaall sport so kippuuji ina nguuri, ina heen kippuuji laana ndiwoowa Emmarentia, kippuuji les ndiyam Normalair, e kippuuji laanaaji Dabulamanzi, ina taarii ɗum daande maayo juutngo haa hoore baraas oo, ina weeɓi heɓde liɗɗi e piknikuuji. Ko ɓuuɓnata baraas oo ina rutta e nder Westdene Spruit, ina waɗi gaasuuji parkeeji belɗi, nokku leɗɗe udditiiɗe, e baraas tokooso les, ina wondi e fedde 1st Greenside Scout Group to John McKenzie Drive. === Eɓɓaande moƴƴitingol baraas === E lewru abriil 2015, Fedde toppitiinde laabi Johannesburg fuɗɗii eɓɓaande ngam moƴƴinde mahdi baraas oo e gollorɗe mum. Eɓɓaande ndee joofi ko e lewru mee 2016 e njoɓdi 25 miliyoŋ ugiyya.[8] Laabi gadiiɗi ɗi baraas oo moƴƴinaa ko e hitaande 1988. Caggal wiɗto, jooni ina woodi haaju e waɗde toppitagol haɓaade e ɓeydude ndeenka reentaare ilam ngam hisnude baraas oo e jeyiiji hoɗɓe les ɗii.[8] Hoɗɓe e nokkuuji saraaji ɗii mbiyata ko yoo laɓɓine tawa baraas oo ina ɓuuɓna. == Tuugnorgal == j6mo4o78w3kemwauv306sl22vvugpr2 175845 175844 2026-06-23T08:49:29Z Nnamadee 11577 175845 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Baraas Emmarentia''' ko baraas gonɗo to Emmarentia, e nder leydi Afrik worgo. Won baraasuuji keewɗi baɗɗi baraas Emmarentia, hay so tawii ko e mbaydi ngootiri, baraaji ɗiɗi tokoosi tawaaɗi dow maayo e nder Jardiiji Botanique Johannesburg.<ref>"Emmarentia Dam". Emmarentia Residents Association. Archived from the original on 24 April 2016. Retrieved 18 October 2015.</ref> == Tariya == Baraas Emmarentia ina woni e leydi ndi meeɗiino wonde gese Braamfontein, gooto e gese mawɗe keewɗe baɗɗe ko wiyetee Johannesburg e saraaji mum.[3] Leydi ndi soodaa ko e hitaande 1886 ko Lourens Geldenhuys ngam hakkeeji mum njulaagu nde tawnoo ina ɗaminaa maa Confidence Reef yaajnu e nder ngesa makko kono ɗum waɗaani.[3] Leydi ndi heddii ko ndema, e hitaande 1891 ndi feccii hakkunde ɓiyiiko Frans e Louw ɗo banndiraaɓe ɓee mbaɗnoo gila ko ɓooyi cuuɗi ndema ɗiɗi, ina ngoodi haa jooni, sara ɗo baraas oo woni hannde ɗoo.<ref>Davie, Lucille (15 July 2012). "Joburg's only dry suburb". Johannesburg City Council. Archived from the original on 5 January 2013. Retrieved 18 October 2015.</ref> Caggal wolde Boer ɗiɗmere, nde Louw Geldenhuys e miñi mum tawtoranoo e nder konu Krugersdorp, o felliti wallude won e wolde Boer en ɓe ngalaa leydi, ɓe ngalaa golle.[3] O huutorii ɗe ngam mahde baraas kaaƴe e leydi e bolokaaji kaaƴe ummoraade e tufɗe caggal ngesa baa, o yoɓi ɗum £12,000.[3][4] Baraas oo mahiraa ko e dow maayo Westdene ngo woni ko e maayo Braamfontein ɓurngo mawnude.<ref>"Water, water... everywhere". Johannesburg City Council. Archived from the original on 5 January 2013. Retrieved 18 October 2015.</ref> Ndeen baraas oo innitiraa ko debbo makko Emmarentia Botha.[3] Teemedere e ɓeeɗoo gollotooɓe ndeen koɗnoo ko e nokkuuji 14 tokoosi ndiyam e dow 145 morgens ndema e nder ko woni hannde e nder gure Emmarentia, Linden e Greenside ɗo ɓe ndema ɓiɓɓe leɗɗe e kosam e renndo tuugiiɗo e tataɓal njuuteendi njeeygu geɗe ɗee.[3]<ref>"The Origins of Emmarentia Dam". The Heritage Portal. 3 December 2013. Retrieved 18 October 2015.</ref> Louw maayi ko e hitaande 1929, debbo makko Emmarentia fuɗɗii yeeyde geɗe e nder ngesa baa wonti wuro wiyeteengo Greenside e hitaande 1931, Emmarentia e hitaande 1937 inniri ɗum, e hitaande 1941, Emmarentia Extension.[3] E hitaande 1933, ektaaruuji 13 e nder ngesa hee ndokkaama wuro Johannesburg ngam waɗde parkeeji e fijooji, caggal nde pecce leydi goɗɗe keɓaa, wonti parkeeji Jan van Riebeeck (1952) e Jardiin Botanique Johannesburg (1964), Baras Emmarentia Cemeter Clubs (1939) e Parks Marks91 (1942).<ref>"Peaceful haven of remembrance". City of Johannesburg. 31 October 2011. Archived from the original on 5 January 2013. Retrieved 18 October 2015.</ref> == Dam e saraaji mum == Njuuteeki baraas oo ko hedde 400 meeter (1 310 ft) e luggiɗde ɓurnde mawnude ko 6,7 meeter (22 ft) e dow ndiyam ko 8,8 ektaar (22 ektaar).[4] Jardiin leɗɗe Johannesburg woni ko e daande maayo hirnaange baraas oo.[7] Daande maayo hirnaange ngoo ina waɗi leɗɗe, nokkuuji huɗo naftooji kuutorteeɗi ngam waɗde piknik, braais (barbecue) e yahdu pucci, e suudu teewu. Nokku oo fof ina addana yah-ngartaa jaajɗo, ina waɗi yiyngooji woɗɗuɗi Sandton e Rosebank, e (ko ɓadii) Melville Koppies. Ina woodi werlaa rooseeji toppitiiɗi no feewi, e nokku ɗo parkeeji wuro Johannesburg ina njogii eɓɓaande leɗɗe. Leɗɗe keewɗe ina mbaawi yiyeede, kadi ina woodi kadi nguurndam colli e kullon ladde tokokon ko wayi no mongol e ƴiye leɗɗe.. Baras mawɗo oo, to fuɗnaange gese ɗee, ina jaɓɓoo 1st Victory View Sea Scout Group galle laana, tawi ko to fuɗnaange damal Equaall sport so kippuuji ina nguuri, ina heen kippuuji laana ndiwoowa Emmarentia, kippuuji les ndiyam Normalair, e kippuuji laanaaji Dabulamanzi, ina taarii ɗum daande maayo juutngo haa hoore baraas oo, ina weeɓi heɓde liɗɗi e piknikuuji. Ko ɓuuɓnata baraas oo ina rutta e nder Westdene Spruit, ina waɗi gaasuuji parkeeji belɗi, nokku leɗɗe udditiiɗe, e baraas tokooso les, ina wondi e fedde 1st Greenside Scout Group to John McKenzie Drive. === Eɓɓaande moƴƴitingol baraas === E lewru abriil 2015, Fedde toppitiinde laabi Johannesburg fuɗɗii eɓɓaande ngam moƴƴinde mahdi baraas oo e gollorɗe mum. Eɓɓaande ndee joofi ko e lewru mee 2016 e njoɓdi 25 miliyoŋ ugiyya.[8] Laabi gadiiɗi ɗi baraas oo moƴƴinaa ko e hitaande 1988. Caggal wiɗto, jooni ina woodi haaju e waɗde toppitagol haɓaade e ɓeydude ndeenka reentaare ilam ngam hisnude baraas oo e jeyiiji hoɗɓe les ɗii.[8] Hoɗɓe e nokkuuji saraaji ɗii mbiyata ko yoo laɓɓine tawa baraas oo ina ɓuuɓna. == Tuugnorgal == e73omclkc5bthtbyxs2dq7sya43r40w 175846 175845 2026-06-23T08:51:06Z Nnamadee 11577 175846 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Baraas Emmarentia''' ko baraas gonɗo to Emmarentia, e nder leydi Afrik worgo. Won baraasuuji keewɗi baɗɗi baraas Emmarentia, hay so tawii ko e mbaydi ngootiri, baraaji ɗiɗi tokoosi tawaaɗi dow maayo e nder Jardiiji Botanique Johannesburg.<ref>"Emmarentia Dam". Emmarentia Residents Association. Archived from the original on 24 April 2016. Retrieved 18 October 2015.</ref> == Tariya == Baraas Emmarentia ina woni e leydi ndi meeɗiino wonde gese Braamfontein, gooto e gese mawɗe keewɗe baɗɗe ko wiyetee Johannesburg e saraaji mum.[3] Leydi ndi soodaa ko e hitaande 1886 ko Lourens Geldenhuys ngam hakkeeji mum njulaagu nde tawnoo ina ɗaminaa maa Confidence Reef yaajnu e nder ngesa makko kono ɗum waɗaani.[3] Leydi ndi heddii ko ndema, e hitaande 1891 ndi feccii hakkunde ɓiyiiko Frans e Louw ɗo banndiraaɓe ɓee mbaɗnoo gila ko ɓooyi cuuɗi ndema ɗiɗi, ina ngoodi haa jooni, sara ɗo baraas oo woni hannde ɗoo.<ref>Davie, Lucille (15 July 2012). "Joburg's only dry suburb". Johannesburg City Council. Archived from the original on 5 January 2013. Retrieved 18 October 2015.</ref> Caggal wolde Boer ɗiɗmere, nde Louw Geldenhuys e miñi mum tawtoranoo e nder konu Krugersdorp, o felliti wallude won e wolde Boer en ɓe ngalaa leydi, ɓe ngalaa golle.[3] O huutorii ɗe ngam mahde baraas kaaƴe e leydi e bolokaaji kaaƴe ummoraade e tufɗe caggal ngesa baa, o yoɓi ɗum £12,000.[3][4] Baraas oo mahiraa ko e dow maayo Westdene ngo woni ko e maayo Braamfontein ɓurngo mawnude.<ref>"Water, water... everywhere". Johannesburg City Council. Archived from the original on 5 January 2013. Retrieved 18 October 2015.</ref> Ndeen baraas oo innitiraa ko debbo makko Emmarentia Botha.[3] Teemedere e ɓeeɗoo gollotooɓe ndeen koɗnoo ko e nokkuuji 14 tokoosi ndiyam e dow 145 morgens ndema e nder ko woni hannde e nder gure Emmarentia, Linden e Greenside ɗo ɓe ndema ɓiɓɓe leɗɗe e kosam e renndo tuugiiɗo e tataɓal njuuteendi njeeygu geɗe ɗee.[3]<ref>"The Origins of Emmarentia Dam". The Heritage Portal. 3 December 2013. Retrieved 18 October 2015.</ref> Louw maayi ko e hitaande 1929, debbo makko Emmarentia fuɗɗii yeeyde geɗe e nder ngesa baa wonti wuro wiyeteengo Greenside e hitaande 1931, Emmarentia e hitaande 1937 inniri ɗum, e hitaande 1941, Emmarentia Extension.[3] E hitaande 1933, ektaaruuji 13 e nder ngesa hee ndokkaama wuro Johannesburg ngam waɗde parkeeji e fijooji, caggal nde pecce leydi goɗɗe keɓaa, wonti parkeeji Jan van Riebeeck (1952) e Jardiin Botanique Johannesburg (1964), Baras Emmarentia Cemeter Clubs (1939) e Parks Marks91 (1942).<ref>"Peaceful haven of remembrance". City of Johannesburg. 31 October 2011. Archived from the original on 5 January 2013. Retrieved 18 October 2015.</ref> == Dam e saraaji mum == Njuuteeki baraas oo ko hedde 400 meeter (1 310 ft) e luggiɗde ɓurnde mawnude ko 6,7 meeter (22 ft) e dow ndiyam ko 8,8 ektaar (22 ektaar).[4] Jardiin leɗɗe Johannesburg woni ko e daande maayo hirnaange baraas oo.<ref>"Johannesburg Botanical Gardens". Johannesburg City Parks. Archived from the original on 28 June 2010. Retrieved 6 January 2010.</ref> Daande maayo hirnaange ngoo ina waɗi leɗɗe, nokkuuji huɗo naftooji kuutorteeɗi ngam waɗde piknik, braais (barbecue) e yahdu pucci, e suudu teewu. Nokku oo fof ina addana yah-ngartaa jaajɗo, ina waɗi yiyngooji woɗɗuɗi Sandton e Rosebank, e (ko ɓadii) Melville Koppies. Ina woodi werlaa rooseeji toppitiiɗi no feewi, e nokku ɗo parkeeji wuro Johannesburg ina njogii eɓɓaande leɗɗe. Leɗɗe keewɗe ina mbaawi yiyeede, kadi ina woodi kadi nguurndam colli e kullon ladde tokokon ko wayi no mongol e ƴiye leɗɗe.. Baras mawɗo oo, to fuɗnaange gese ɗee, ina jaɓɓoo 1st Victory View Sea Scout Group galle laana, tawi ko to fuɗnaange damal Equaall sport so kippuuji ina nguuri, ina heen kippuuji laana ndiwoowa Emmarentia, kippuuji les ndiyam Normalair, e kippuuji laanaaji Dabulamanzi, ina taarii ɗum daande maayo juutngo haa hoore baraas oo, ina weeɓi heɓde liɗɗi e piknikuuji. Ko ɓuuɓnata baraas oo ina rutta e nder Westdene Spruit, ina waɗi gaasuuji parkeeji belɗi, nokku leɗɗe udditiiɗe, e baraas tokooso les, ina wondi e fedde 1st Greenside Scout Group to John McKenzie Drive. === Eɓɓaande moƴƴitingol baraas === E lewru abriil 2015, Fedde toppitiinde laabi Johannesburg fuɗɗii eɓɓaande ngam moƴƴinde mahdi baraas oo e gollorɗe mum. Eɓɓaande ndee joofi ko e lewru mee 2016 e njoɓdi 25 miliyoŋ ugiyya.[8] Laabi gadiiɗi ɗi baraas oo moƴƴinaa ko e hitaande 1988. Caggal wiɗto, jooni ina woodi haaju e waɗde toppitagol haɓaade e ɓeydude ndeenka reentaare ilam ngam hisnude baraas oo e jeyiiji hoɗɓe les ɗii.[8] Hoɗɓe e nokkuuji saraaji ɗii mbiyata ko yoo laɓɓine tawa baraas oo ina ɓuuɓna. == Tuugnorgal == h4kgxz0jolxy5j8dlmvpeck5sqjvrfj 175847 175846 2026-06-23T08:51:56Z Nnamadee 11577 175847 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Baraas Emmarentia''' ko baraas gonɗo to Emmarentia, e nder leydi Afrik worgo. Won baraasuuji keewɗi baɗɗi baraas Emmarentia, hay so tawii ko e mbaydi ngootiri, baraaji ɗiɗi tokoosi tawaaɗi dow maayo e nder Jardiiji Botanique Johannesburg.<ref>"Emmarentia Dam". Emmarentia Residents Association. Archived from the original on 24 April 2016. Retrieved 18 October 2015.</ref> == Tariya == Baraas Emmarentia ina woni e leydi ndi meeɗiino wonde gese Braamfontein, gooto e gese mawɗe keewɗe baɗɗe ko wiyetee Johannesburg e saraaji mum.[3] Leydi ndi soodaa ko e hitaande 1886 ko Lourens Geldenhuys ngam hakkeeji mum njulaagu nde tawnoo ina ɗaminaa maa Confidence Reef yaajnu e nder ngesa makko kono ɗum waɗaani.[3] Leydi ndi heddii ko ndema, e hitaande 1891 ndi feccii hakkunde ɓiyiiko Frans e Louw ɗo banndiraaɓe ɓee mbaɗnoo gila ko ɓooyi cuuɗi ndema ɗiɗi, ina ngoodi haa jooni, sara ɗo baraas oo woni hannde ɗoo.<ref>Davie, Lucille (15 July 2012). "Joburg's only dry suburb". Johannesburg City Council. Archived from the original on 5 January 2013. Retrieved 18 October 2015.</ref> Caggal wolde Boer ɗiɗmere, nde Louw Geldenhuys e miñi mum tawtoranoo e nder konu Krugersdorp, o felliti wallude won e wolde Boer en ɓe ngalaa leydi, ɓe ngalaa golle.[3] O huutorii ɗe ngam mahde baraas kaaƴe e leydi e bolokaaji kaaƴe ummoraade e tufɗe caggal ngesa baa, o yoɓi ɗum £12,000.[3][4] Baraas oo mahiraa ko e dow maayo Westdene ngo woni ko e maayo Braamfontein ɓurngo mawnude.<ref>"Water, water... everywhere". Johannesburg City Council. Archived from the original on 5 January 2013. Retrieved 18 October 2015.</ref> Ndeen baraas oo innitiraa ko debbo makko Emmarentia Botha.[3] Teemedere e ɓeeɗoo gollotooɓe ndeen koɗnoo ko e nokkuuji 14 tokoosi ndiyam e dow 145 morgens ndema e nder ko woni hannde e nder gure Emmarentia, Linden e Greenside ɗo ɓe ndema ɓiɓɓe leɗɗe e kosam e renndo tuugiiɗo e tataɓal njuuteendi njeeygu geɗe ɗee.[3]<ref>"The Origins of Emmarentia Dam". The Heritage Portal. 3 December 2013. Retrieved 18 October 2015.</ref> Louw maayi ko e hitaande 1929, debbo makko Emmarentia fuɗɗii yeeyde geɗe e nder ngesa baa wonti wuro wiyeteengo Greenside e hitaande 1931, Emmarentia e hitaande 1937 inniri ɗum, e hitaande 1941, Emmarentia Extension.[3] E hitaande 1933, ektaaruuji 13 e nder ngesa hee ndokkaama wuro Johannesburg ngam waɗde parkeeji e fijooji, caggal nde pecce leydi goɗɗe keɓaa, wonti parkeeji Jan van Riebeeck (1952) e Jardiin Botanique Johannesburg (1964), Baras Emmarentia Cemeter Clubs (1939) e Parks Marks91 (1942).<ref>"Peaceful haven of remembrance". City of Johannesburg. 31 October 2011. Archived from the original on 5 January 2013. Retrieved 18 October 2015.</ref> == Dam e saraaji mum == Njuuteeki baraas oo ko hedde 400 meeter (1 310 ft) e luggiɗde ɓurnde mawnude ko 6,7 meeter (22 ft) e dow ndiyam ko 8,8 ektaar (22 ektaar).[4] Jardiin leɗɗe Johannesburg woni ko e daande maayo hirnaange baraas oo.<ref>"Johannesburg Botanical Gardens". Johannesburg City Parks. Archived from the original on 28 June 2010. Retrieved 6 January 2010.</ref> Daande maayo hirnaange ngoo ina waɗi leɗɗe, nokkuuji huɗo naftooji kuutorteeɗi ngam waɗde piknik, braais (barbecue) e yahdu pucci, e suudu teewu. Nokku oo fof ina addana yah-ngartaa jaajɗo, ina waɗi yiyngooji woɗɗuɗi Sandton e Rosebank, e (ko ɓadii) Melville Koppies. Ina woodi werlaa rooseeji toppitiiɗi no feewi, e nokku ɗo parkeeji wuro Johannesburg ina njogii eɓɓaande leɗɗe. Leɗɗe keewɗe ina mbaawi yiyeede, kadi ina woodi kadi nguurndam colli e kullon ladde tokokon ko wayi no mongol e ƴiye leɗɗe.. Baras mawɗo oo, to fuɗnaange gese ɗee, ina jaɓɓoo 1st Victory View Sea Scout Group galle laana, tawi ko to fuɗnaange damal Equaall sport so kippuuji ina nguuri, ina heen kippuuji laana ndiwoowa Emmarentia, kippuuji les ndiyam Normalair, e kippuuji laanaaji Dabulamanzi, ina taarii ɗum daande maayo juutngo haa hoore baraas oo, ina weeɓi heɓde liɗɗi e piknikuuji. Ko ɓuuɓnata baraas oo ina rutta e nder Westdene Spruit, ina waɗi gaasuuji parkeeji belɗi, nokku leɗɗe udditiiɗe, e baraas tokooso les, ina wondi e fedde 1st Greenside Scout Group to John McKenzie Drive. === Eɓɓaande moƴƴitingol baraas === E lewru abriil 2015, Fedde toppitiinde laabi Johannesburg fuɗɗii eɓɓaande ngam moƴƴinde mahdi baraas oo e gollorɗe mum. Eɓɓaande ndee joofi ko e lewru mee 2016 e njoɓdi 25 miliyoŋ ugiyya.<ref>"R25 Million revamp of Emmarentia dam underway". Johannesburg City Council. Archived from the original on 21 July 2015. Retrieved 18 October 2015.</ref> Laabi gadiiɗi ɗi baraas oo moƴƴinaa ko e hitaande 1988. Caggal wiɗto, jooni ina woodi haaju e waɗde toppitagol haɓaade e ɓeydude ndeenka reentaare ilam ngam hisnude baraas oo e jeyiiji hoɗɓe les ɗii.[8] Hoɗɓe e nokkuuji saraaji ɗii mbiyata ko yoo laɓɓine tawa baraas oo ina ɓuuɓna. == Tuugnorgal == r1l3bndls3mh13gubz87tdommt7a2b2 175848 175847 2026-06-23T08:52:29Z Nnamadee 11577 175848 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Baraas Emmarentia''' ko baraas gonɗo to Emmarentia, e nder leydi Afrik worgo. Won baraasuuji keewɗi baɗɗi baraas Emmarentia, hay so tawii ko e mbaydi ngootiri, baraaji ɗiɗi tokoosi tawaaɗi dow maayo e nder Jardiiji Botanique Johannesburg.<ref>"Emmarentia Dam". Emmarentia Residents Association. Archived from the original on 24 April 2016. Retrieved 18 October 2015.</ref> == Tariya == Baraas Emmarentia ina woni e leydi ndi meeɗiino wonde gese Braamfontein, gooto e gese mawɗe keewɗe baɗɗe ko wiyetee Johannesburg e saraaji mum.[3] Leydi ndi soodaa ko e hitaande 1886 ko Lourens Geldenhuys ngam hakkeeji mum njulaagu nde tawnoo ina ɗaminaa maa Confidence Reef yaajnu e nder ngesa makko kono ɗum waɗaani.[3] Leydi ndi heddii ko ndema, e hitaande 1891 ndi feccii hakkunde ɓiyiiko Frans e Louw ɗo banndiraaɓe ɓee mbaɗnoo gila ko ɓooyi cuuɗi ndema ɗiɗi, ina ngoodi haa jooni, sara ɗo baraas oo woni hannde ɗoo.<ref>Davie, Lucille (15 July 2012). "Joburg's only dry suburb". Johannesburg City Council. Archived from the original on 5 January 2013. Retrieved 18 October 2015.</ref> Caggal wolde Boer ɗiɗmere, nde Louw Geldenhuys e miñi mum tawtoranoo e nder konu Krugersdorp, o felliti wallude won e wolde Boer en ɓe ngalaa leydi, ɓe ngalaa golle.[3] O huutorii ɗe ngam mahde baraas kaaƴe e leydi e bolokaaji kaaƴe ummoraade e tufɗe caggal ngesa baa, o yoɓi ɗum £12,000.[3][4] Baraas oo mahiraa ko e dow maayo Westdene ngo woni ko e maayo Braamfontein ɓurngo mawnude.<ref>"Water, water... everywhere". Johannesburg City Council. Archived from the original on 5 January 2013. Retrieved 18 October 2015.</ref> Ndeen baraas oo innitiraa ko debbo makko Emmarentia Botha.[3] Teemedere e ɓeeɗoo gollotooɓe ndeen koɗnoo ko e nokkuuji 14 tokoosi ndiyam e dow 145 morgens ndema e nder ko woni hannde e nder gure Emmarentia, Linden e Greenside ɗo ɓe ndema ɓiɓɓe leɗɗe e kosam e renndo tuugiiɗo e tataɓal njuuteendi njeeygu geɗe ɗee.[3]<ref>"The Origins of Emmarentia Dam". The Heritage Portal. 3 December 2013. Retrieved 18 October 2015.</ref> Louw maayi ko e hitaande 1929, debbo makko Emmarentia fuɗɗii yeeyde geɗe e nder ngesa baa wonti wuro wiyeteengo Greenside e hitaande 1931, Emmarentia e hitaande 1937 inniri ɗum, e hitaande 1941, Emmarentia Extension.[3] E hitaande 1933, ektaaruuji 13 e nder ngesa hee ndokkaama wuro Johannesburg ngam waɗde parkeeji e fijooji, caggal nde pecce leydi goɗɗe keɓaa, wonti parkeeji Jan van Riebeeck (1952) e Jardiin Botanique Johannesburg (1964), Baras Emmarentia Cemeter Clubs (1939) e Parks Marks91 (1942).<ref>"Peaceful haven of remembrance". City of Johannesburg. 31 October 2011. Archived from the original on 5 January 2013. Retrieved 18 October 2015.</ref> == Dam e saraaji mum == Njuuteeki baraas oo ko hedde 400 meeter (1 310 ft) e luggiɗde ɓurnde mawnude ko 6,7 meeter (22 ft) e dow ndiyam ko 8,8 ektaar (22 ektaar).[4] Jardiin leɗɗe Johannesburg woni ko e daande maayo hirnaange baraas oo.<ref>"Johannesburg Botanical Gardens". Johannesburg City Parks. Archived from the original on 28 June 2010. Retrieved 6 January 2010.</ref> Daande maayo hirnaange ngoo ina waɗi leɗɗe, nokkuuji huɗo naftooji kuutorteeɗi ngam waɗde piknik, braais (barbecue) e yahdu pucci, e suudu teewu. Nokku oo fof ina addana yah-ngartaa jaajɗo, ina waɗi yiyngooji woɗɗuɗi Sandton e Rosebank, e (ko ɓadii) Melville Koppies. Ina woodi werlaa rooseeji toppitiiɗi no feewi, e nokku ɗo parkeeji wuro Johannesburg ina njogii eɓɓaande leɗɗe. Leɗɗe keewɗe ina mbaawi yiyeede, kadi ina woodi kadi nguurndam colli e kullon ladde tokokon ko wayi no mongol e ƴiye leɗɗe.. Baras mawɗo oo, to fuɗnaange gese ɗee, ina jaɓɓoo 1st Victory View Sea Scout Group galle laana, tawi ko to fuɗnaange damal Equaall sport so kippuuji ina nguuri, ina heen kippuuji laana ndiwoowa Emmarentia, kippuuji les ndiyam Normalair, e kippuuji laanaaji Dabulamanzi, ina taarii ɗum daande maayo juutngo haa hoore baraas oo, ina weeɓi heɓde liɗɗi e piknikuuji. Ko ɓuuɓnata baraas oo ina rutta e nder Westdene Spruit, ina waɗi gaasuuji parkeeji belɗi, nokku leɗɗe udditiiɗe, e baraas tokooso les, ina wondi e fedde 1st Greenside Scout Group to John McKenzie Drive. === Eɓɓaande moƴƴitingol baraas === E lewru abriil 2015, Fedde toppitiinde laabi Johannesburg fuɗɗii eɓɓaande ngam moƴƴinde mahdi baraas oo e gollorɗe mum. Eɓɓaande ndee joofi ko e lewru mee 2016 e njoɓdi 25 miliyoŋ ugiyya.<ref name=":0">"R25 Million revamp of Emmarentia dam underway". Johannesburg City Council. Archived from the original on 21 July 2015. Retrieved 18 October 2015.</ref> Laabi gadiiɗi ɗi baraas oo moƴƴinaa ko e hitaande 1988. Caggal wiɗto, jooni ina woodi haaju e waɗde toppitagol haɓaade e ɓeydude ndeenka reentaare ilam ngam hisnude baraas oo e jeyiiji hoɗɓe les ɗii.<ref name=":0" /> Hoɗɓe e nokkuuji saraaji ɗii mbiyata ko yoo laɓɓine tawa baraas oo ina ɓuuɓna. == Tuugnorgal == 2qrarzlz2310pyb02eqvq6t6erg47fu 175849 175848 2026-06-23T08:52:55Z Nnamadee 11577 175849 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Baraas Emmarentia''' ko baraas gonɗo to Emmarentia, e nder leydi Afrik worgo. Won baraasuuji keewɗi baɗɗi baraas Emmarentia, hay so tawii ko e mbaydi ngootiri, baraaji ɗiɗi tokoosi tawaaɗi dow maayo e nder Jardiiji Botanique Johannesburg.<ref>"Emmarentia Dam". Emmarentia Residents Association. Archived from the original on 24 April 2016. Retrieved 18 October 2015.</ref> == Tariya == Baraas Emmarentia ina woni e leydi ndi meeɗiino wonde gese Braamfontein, gooto e gese mawɗe keewɗe baɗɗe ko wiyetee Johannesburg e saraaji mum.<ref name=":1" /> Leydi ndi soodaa ko e hitaande 1886 ko Lourens Geldenhuys ngam hakkeeji mum njulaagu nde tawnoo ina ɗaminaa maa Confidence Reef yaajnu e nder ngesa makko kono ɗum waɗaani.[3] Leydi ndi heddii ko ndema, e hitaande 1891 ndi feccii hakkunde ɓiyiiko Frans e Louw ɗo banndiraaɓe ɓee mbaɗnoo gila ko ɓooyi cuuɗi ndema ɗiɗi, ina ngoodi haa jooni, sara ɗo baraas oo woni hannde ɗoo.<ref name=":1">Davie, Lucille (15 July 2012). "Joburg's only dry suburb". Johannesburg City Council. Archived from the original on 5 January 2013. Retrieved 18 October 2015.</ref> Caggal wolde Boer ɗiɗmere, nde Louw Geldenhuys e miñi mum tawtoranoo e nder konu Krugersdorp, o felliti wallude won e wolde Boer en ɓe ngalaa leydi, ɓe ngalaa golle.[3] O huutorii ɗe ngam mahde baraas kaaƴe e leydi e bolokaaji kaaƴe ummoraade e tufɗe caggal ngesa baa, o yoɓi ɗum £12,000.[3][4] Baraas oo mahiraa ko e dow maayo Westdene ngo woni ko e maayo Braamfontein ɓurngo mawnude.<ref>"Water, water... everywhere". Johannesburg City Council. Archived from the original on 5 January 2013. Retrieved 18 October 2015.</ref> Ndeen baraas oo innitiraa ko debbo makko Emmarentia Botha.[3] Teemedere e ɓeeɗoo gollotooɓe ndeen koɗnoo ko e nokkuuji 14 tokoosi ndiyam e dow 145 morgens ndema e nder ko woni hannde e nder gure Emmarentia, Linden e Greenside ɗo ɓe ndema ɓiɓɓe leɗɗe e kosam e renndo tuugiiɗo e tataɓal njuuteendi njeeygu geɗe ɗee.[3]<ref>"The Origins of Emmarentia Dam". The Heritage Portal. 3 December 2013. Retrieved 18 October 2015.</ref> Louw maayi ko e hitaande 1929, debbo makko Emmarentia fuɗɗii yeeyde geɗe e nder ngesa baa wonti wuro wiyeteengo Greenside e hitaande 1931, Emmarentia e hitaande 1937 inniri ɗum, e hitaande 1941, Emmarentia Extension.[3] E hitaande 1933, ektaaruuji 13 e nder ngesa hee ndokkaama wuro Johannesburg ngam waɗde parkeeji e fijooji, caggal nde pecce leydi goɗɗe keɓaa, wonti parkeeji Jan van Riebeeck (1952) e Jardiin Botanique Johannesburg (1964), Baras Emmarentia Cemeter Clubs (1939) e Parks Marks91 (1942).<ref>"Peaceful haven of remembrance". City of Johannesburg. 31 October 2011. Archived from the original on 5 January 2013. Retrieved 18 October 2015.</ref> == Dam e saraaji mum == Njuuteeki baraas oo ko hedde 400 meeter (1 310 ft) e luggiɗde ɓurnde mawnude ko 6,7 meeter (22 ft) e dow ndiyam ko 8,8 ektaar (22 ektaar).[4] Jardiin leɗɗe Johannesburg woni ko e daande maayo hirnaange baraas oo.<ref>"Johannesburg Botanical Gardens". Johannesburg City Parks. Archived from the original on 28 June 2010. Retrieved 6 January 2010.</ref> Daande maayo hirnaange ngoo ina waɗi leɗɗe, nokkuuji huɗo naftooji kuutorteeɗi ngam waɗde piknik, braais (barbecue) e yahdu pucci, e suudu teewu. Nokku oo fof ina addana yah-ngartaa jaajɗo, ina waɗi yiyngooji woɗɗuɗi Sandton e Rosebank, e (ko ɓadii) Melville Koppies. Ina woodi werlaa rooseeji toppitiiɗi no feewi, e nokku ɗo parkeeji wuro Johannesburg ina njogii eɓɓaande leɗɗe. Leɗɗe keewɗe ina mbaawi yiyeede, kadi ina woodi kadi nguurndam colli e kullon ladde tokokon ko wayi no mongol e ƴiye leɗɗe.. Baras mawɗo oo, to fuɗnaange gese ɗee, ina jaɓɓoo 1st Victory View Sea Scout Group galle laana, tawi ko to fuɗnaange damal Equaall sport so kippuuji ina nguuri, ina heen kippuuji laana ndiwoowa Emmarentia, kippuuji les ndiyam Normalair, e kippuuji laanaaji Dabulamanzi, ina taarii ɗum daande maayo juutngo haa hoore baraas oo, ina weeɓi heɓde liɗɗi e piknikuuji. Ko ɓuuɓnata baraas oo ina rutta e nder Westdene Spruit, ina waɗi gaasuuji parkeeji belɗi, nokku leɗɗe udditiiɗe, e baraas tokooso les, ina wondi e fedde 1st Greenside Scout Group to John McKenzie Drive. === Eɓɓaande moƴƴitingol baraas === E lewru abriil 2015, Fedde toppitiinde laabi Johannesburg fuɗɗii eɓɓaande ngam moƴƴinde mahdi baraas oo e gollorɗe mum. Eɓɓaande ndee joofi ko e lewru mee 2016 e njoɓdi 25 miliyoŋ ugiyya.<ref name=":0">"R25 Million revamp of Emmarentia dam underway". Johannesburg City Council. Archived from the original on 21 July 2015. Retrieved 18 October 2015.</ref> Laabi gadiiɗi ɗi baraas oo moƴƴinaa ko e hitaande 1988. Caggal wiɗto, jooni ina woodi haaju e waɗde toppitagol haɓaade e ɓeydude ndeenka reentaare ilam ngam hisnude baraas oo e jeyiiji hoɗɓe les ɗii.<ref name=":0" /> Hoɗɓe e nokkuuji saraaji ɗii mbiyata ko yoo laɓɓine tawa baraas oo ina ɓuuɓna. == Tuugnorgal == n027c8fmqrwtv3l7omcc4qn4athodpf 175850 175849 2026-06-23T08:53:15Z Nnamadee 11577 175850 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Baraas Emmarentia''' ko baraas gonɗo to Emmarentia, e nder leydi Afrik worgo. Won baraasuuji keewɗi baɗɗi baraas Emmarentia, hay so tawii ko e mbaydi ngootiri, baraaji ɗiɗi tokoosi tawaaɗi dow maayo e nder Jardiiji Botanique Johannesburg.<ref>"Emmarentia Dam". Emmarentia Residents Association. Archived from the original on 24 April 2016. Retrieved 18 October 2015.</ref> == Tariya == Baraas Emmarentia ina woni e leydi ndi meeɗiino wonde gese Braamfontein, gooto e gese mawɗe keewɗe baɗɗe ko wiyetee Johannesburg e saraaji mum.<ref name=":1" /> Leydi ndi soodaa ko e hitaande 1886 ko Lourens Geldenhuys ngam hakkeeji mum njulaagu nde tawnoo ina ɗaminaa maa Confidence Reef yaajnu e nder ngesa makko kono ɗum waɗaani.[3] Leydi ndi heddii ko ndema, e hitaande 1891 ndi feccii hakkunde ɓiyiiko Frans e Louw ɗo banndiraaɓe ɓee mbaɗnoo gila ko ɓooyi cuuɗi ndema ɗiɗi, ina ngoodi haa jooni, sara ɗo baraas oo woni hannde ɗoo.<ref name=":1">Davie, Lucille (15 July 2012). "Joburg's only dry suburb". Johannesburg City Council. Archived from the original on 5 January 2013. Retrieved 18 October 2015.</ref> Caggal wolde Boer ɗiɗmere, nde Louw Geldenhuys e miñi mum tawtoranoo e nder konu Krugersdorp, o felliti wallude won e wolde Boer en ɓe ngalaa leydi, ɓe ngalaa golle.[3] O huutorii ɗe ngam mahde baraas kaaƴe e leydi e bolokaaji kaaƴe ummoraade e tufɗe caggal ngesa baa, o yoɓi ɗum £12,000.<ref name=":1" />[4] Baraas oo mahiraa ko e dow maayo Westdene ngo woni ko e maayo Braamfontein ɓurngo mawnude.<ref>"Water, water... everywhere". Johannesburg City Council. Archived from the original on 5 January 2013. Retrieved 18 October 2015.</ref> Ndeen baraas oo innitiraa ko debbo makko Emmarentia Botha.[3] Teemedere e ɓeeɗoo gollotooɓe ndeen koɗnoo ko e nokkuuji 14 tokoosi ndiyam e dow 145 morgens ndema e nder ko woni hannde e nder gure Emmarentia, Linden e Greenside ɗo ɓe ndema ɓiɓɓe leɗɗe e kosam e renndo tuugiiɗo e tataɓal njuuteendi njeeygu geɗe ɗee.[3]<ref>"The Origins of Emmarentia Dam". The Heritage Portal. 3 December 2013. Retrieved 18 October 2015.</ref> Louw maayi ko e hitaande 1929, debbo makko Emmarentia fuɗɗii yeeyde geɗe e nder ngesa baa wonti wuro wiyeteengo Greenside e hitaande 1931, Emmarentia e hitaande 1937 inniri ɗum, e hitaande 1941, Emmarentia Extension.[3] E hitaande 1933, ektaaruuji 13 e nder ngesa hee ndokkaama wuro Johannesburg ngam waɗde parkeeji e fijooji, caggal nde pecce leydi goɗɗe keɓaa, wonti parkeeji Jan van Riebeeck (1952) e Jardiin Botanique Johannesburg (1964), Baras Emmarentia Cemeter Clubs (1939) e Parks Marks91 (1942).<ref>"Peaceful haven of remembrance". City of Johannesburg. 31 October 2011. Archived from the original on 5 January 2013. Retrieved 18 October 2015.</ref> == Dam e saraaji mum == Njuuteeki baraas oo ko hedde 400 meeter (1 310 ft) e luggiɗde ɓurnde mawnude ko 6,7 meeter (22 ft) e dow ndiyam ko 8,8 ektaar (22 ektaar).[4] Jardiin leɗɗe Johannesburg woni ko e daande maayo hirnaange baraas oo.<ref>"Johannesburg Botanical Gardens". Johannesburg City Parks. Archived from the original on 28 June 2010. Retrieved 6 January 2010.</ref> Daande maayo hirnaange ngoo ina waɗi leɗɗe, nokkuuji huɗo naftooji kuutorteeɗi ngam waɗde piknik, braais (barbecue) e yahdu pucci, e suudu teewu. Nokku oo fof ina addana yah-ngartaa jaajɗo, ina waɗi yiyngooji woɗɗuɗi Sandton e Rosebank, e (ko ɓadii) Melville Koppies. Ina woodi werlaa rooseeji toppitiiɗi no feewi, e nokku ɗo parkeeji wuro Johannesburg ina njogii eɓɓaande leɗɗe. Leɗɗe keewɗe ina mbaawi yiyeede, kadi ina woodi kadi nguurndam colli e kullon ladde tokokon ko wayi no mongol e ƴiye leɗɗe.. Baras mawɗo oo, to fuɗnaange gese ɗee, ina jaɓɓoo 1st Victory View Sea Scout Group galle laana, tawi ko to fuɗnaange damal Equaall sport so kippuuji ina nguuri, ina heen kippuuji laana ndiwoowa Emmarentia, kippuuji les ndiyam Normalair, e kippuuji laanaaji Dabulamanzi, ina taarii ɗum daande maayo juutngo haa hoore baraas oo, ina weeɓi heɓde liɗɗi e piknikuuji. Ko ɓuuɓnata baraas oo ina rutta e nder Westdene Spruit, ina waɗi gaasuuji parkeeji belɗi, nokku leɗɗe udditiiɗe, e baraas tokooso les, ina wondi e fedde 1st Greenside Scout Group to John McKenzie Drive. === Eɓɓaande moƴƴitingol baraas === E lewru abriil 2015, Fedde toppitiinde laabi Johannesburg fuɗɗii eɓɓaande ngam moƴƴinde mahdi baraas oo e gollorɗe mum. Eɓɓaande ndee joofi ko e lewru mee 2016 e njoɓdi 25 miliyoŋ ugiyya.<ref name=":0">"R25 Million revamp of Emmarentia dam underway". Johannesburg City Council. Archived from the original on 21 July 2015. Retrieved 18 October 2015.</ref> Laabi gadiiɗi ɗi baraas oo moƴƴinaa ko e hitaande 1988. Caggal wiɗto, jooni ina woodi haaju e waɗde toppitagol haɓaade e ɓeydude ndeenka reentaare ilam ngam hisnude baraas oo e jeyiiji hoɗɓe les ɗii.<ref name=":0" /> Hoɗɓe e nokkuuji saraaji ɗii mbiyata ko yoo laɓɓine tawa baraas oo ina ɓuuɓna. == Tuugnorgal == ntivu7j6y6y8vmudy6lz7vgplhttvgo 175851 175850 2026-06-23T08:53:36Z Nnamadee 11577 175851 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Baraas Emmarentia''' ko baraas gonɗo to Emmarentia, e nder leydi Afrik worgo. Won baraasuuji keewɗi baɗɗi baraas Emmarentia, hay so tawii ko e mbaydi ngootiri, baraaji ɗiɗi tokoosi tawaaɗi dow maayo e nder Jardiiji Botanique Johannesburg.<ref>"Emmarentia Dam". Emmarentia Residents Association. Archived from the original on 24 April 2016. Retrieved 18 October 2015.</ref> == Tariya == Baraas Emmarentia ina woni e leydi ndi meeɗiino wonde gese Braamfontein, gooto e gese mawɗe keewɗe baɗɗe ko wiyetee Johannesburg e saraaji mum.<ref name=":1" /> Leydi ndi soodaa ko e hitaande 1886 ko Lourens Geldenhuys ngam hakkeeji mum njulaagu nde tawnoo ina ɗaminaa maa Confidence Reef yaajnu e nder ngesa makko kono ɗum waɗaani.[3] Leydi ndi heddii ko ndema, e hitaande 1891 ndi feccii hakkunde ɓiyiiko Frans e Louw ɗo banndiraaɓe ɓee mbaɗnoo gila ko ɓooyi cuuɗi ndema ɗiɗi, ina ngoodi haa jooni, sara ɗo baraas oo woni hannde ɗoo.<ref name=":1">Davie, Lucille (15 July 2012). "Joburg's only dry suburb". Johannesburg City Council. Archived from the original on 5 January 2013. Retrieved 18 October 2015.</ref> Caggal wolde Boer ɗiɗmere, nde Louw Geldenhuys e miñi mum tawtoranoo e nder konu Krugersdorp, o felliti wallude won e wolde Boer en ɓe ngalaa leydi, ɓe ngalaa golle.[3] O huutorii ɗe ngam mahde baraas kaaƴe e leydi e bolokaaji kaaƴe ummoraade e tufɗe caggal ngesa baa, o yoɓi ɗum £12,000.<ref name=":1" />[4] Baraas oo mahiraa ko e dow maayo Westdene ngo woni ko e maayo Braamfontein ɓurngo mawnude.<ref>"Water, water... everywhere". Johannesburg City Council. Archived from the original on 5 January 2013. Retrieved 18 October 2015.</ref> Ndeen baraas oo innitiraa ko debbo makko Emmarentia Botha.[3] Teemedere e ɓeeɗoo gollotooɓe ndeen koɗnoo ko e nokkuuji 14 tokoosi ndiyam e dow 145 morgens ndema e nder ko woni hannde e nder gure Emmarentia, Linden e Greenside ɗo ɓe ndema ɓiɓɓe leɗɗe e kosam e renndo tuugiiɗo e tataɓal njuuteendi njeeygu geɗe ɗee.[3]<ref>"The Origins of Emmarentia Dam". The Heritage Portal. 3 December 2013. Retrieved 18 October 2015.</ref> Louw maayi ko e hitaande 1929, debbo makko Emmarentia fuɗɗii yeeyde geɗe e nder ngesa baa wonti wuro wiyeteengo Greenside e hitaande 1931, Emmarentia e hitaande 1937 inniri ɗum, e hitaande 1941, Emmarentia Extension.<ref name=":1" /> E hitaande 1933, ektaaruuji 13 e nder ngesa hee ndokkaama wuro Johannesburg ngam waɗde parkeeji e fijooji, caggal nde pecce leydi goɗɗe keɓaa, wonti parkeeji Jan van Riebeeck (1952) e Jardiin Botanique Johannesburg (1964), Baras Emmarentia Cemeter Clubs (1939) e Parks Marks91 (1942).<ref>"Peaceful haven of remembrance". City of Johannesburg. 31 October 2011. Archived from the original on 5 January 2013. Retrieved 18 October 2015.</ref> == Dam e saraaji mum == Njuuteeki baraas oo ko hedde 400 meeter (1 310 ft) e luggiɗde ɓurnde mawnude ko 6,7 meeter (22 ft) e dow ndiyam ko 8,8 ektaar (22 ektaar).[4] Jardiin leɗɗe Johannesburg woni ko e daande maayo hirnaange baraas oo.<ref>"Johannesburg Botanical Gardens". Johannesburg City Parks. Archived from the original on 28 June 2010. Retrieved 6 January 2010.</ref> Daande maayo hirnaange ngoo ina waɗi leɗɗe, nokkuuji huɗo naftooji kuutorteeɗi ngam waɗde piknik, braais (barbecue) e yahdu pucci, e suudu teewu. Nokku oo fof ina addana yah-ngartaa jaajɗo, ina waɗi yiyngooji woɗɗuɗi Sandton e Rosebank, e (ko ɓadii) Melville Koppies. Ina woodi werlaa rooseeji toppitiiɗi no feewi, e nokku ɗo parkeeji wuro Johannesburg ina njogii eɓɓaande leɗɗe. Leɗɗe keewɗe ina mbaawi yiyeede, kadi ina woodi kadi nguurndam colli e kullon ladde tokokon ko wayi no mongol e ƴiye leɗɗe.. Baras mawɗo oo, to fuɗnaange gese ɗee, ina jaɓɓoo 1st Victory View Sea Scout Group galle laana, tawi ko to fuɗnaange damal Equaall sport so kippuuji ina nguuri, ina heen kippuuji laana ndiwoowa Emmarentia, kippuuji les ndiyam Normalair, e kippuuji laanaaji Dabulamanzi, ina taarii ɗum daande maayo juutngo haa hoore baraas oo, ina weeɓi heɓde liɗɗi e piknikuuji. Ko ɓuuɓnata baraas oo ina rutta e nder Westdene Spruit, ina waɗi gaasuuji parkeeji belɗi, nokku leɗɗe udditiiɗe, e baraas tokooso les, ina wondi e fedde 1st Greenside Scout Group to John McKenzie Drive. === Eɓɓaande moƴƴitingol baraas === E lewru abriil 2015, Fedde toppitiinde laabi Johannesburg fuɗɗii eɓɓaande ngam moƴƴinde mahdi baraas oo e gollorɗe mum. Eɓɓaande ndee joofi ko e lewru mee 2016 e njoɓdi 25 miliyoŋ ugiyya.<ref name=":0">"R25 Million revamp of Emmarentia dam underway". Johannesburg City Council. Archived from the original on 21 July 2015. Retrieved 18 October 2015.</ref> Laabi gadiiɗi ɗi baraas oo moƴƴinaa ko e hitaande 1988. Caggal wiɗto, jooni ina woodi haaju e waɗde toppitagol haɓaade e ɓeydude ndeenka reentaare ilam ngam hisnude baraas oo e jeyiiji hoɗɓe les ɗii.<ref name=":0" /> Hoɗɓe e nokkuuji saraaji ɗii mbiyata ko yoo laɓɓine tawa baraas oo ina ɓuuɓna. == Tuugnorgal == 2qnt8rhstbg5zqmgdolz7900b0wbvf1 175852 175851 2026-06-23T08:55:52Z Nnamadee 11577 175852 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Baraas Emmarentia''' ko baraas gonɗo to Emmarentia, e nder leydi Afrik worgo. Won baraasuuji keewɗi baɗɗi baraas Emmarentia, hay so tawii ko e mbaydi ngootiri, baraaji ɗiɗi tokoosi tawaaɗi dow maayo e nder Jardiiji Botanique Johannesburg.<ref>"Emmarentia Dam". Emmarentia Residents Association. Archived from the original on 24 April 2016. Retrieved 18 October 2015.</ref> == Tariya == Baraas Emmarentia ina woni e leydi ndi meeɗiino wonde gese Braamfontein, gooto e gese mawɗe keewɗe baɗɗe ko wiyetee Johannesburg e saraaji mum.<ref name=":1" /> Leydi ndi soodaa ko e hitaande 1886 ko Lourens Geldenhuys ngam hakkeeji mum njulaagu nde tawnoo ina ɗaminaa maa Confidence Reef yaajnu e nder ngesa makko kono ɗum waɗaani.[3] Leydi ndi heddii ko ndema, e hitaande 1891 ndi feccii hakkunde ɓiyiiko Frans e Louw ɗo banndiraaɓe ɓee mbaɗnoo gila ko ɓooyi cuuɗi ndema ɗiɗi, ina ngoodi haa jooni, sara ɗo baraas oo woni hannde ɗoo.<ref name=":1">Davie, Lucille (15 July 2012). "Joburg's only dry suburb". Johannesburg City Council. Archived from the original on 5 January 2013. Retrieved 18 October 2015.</ref> Caggal wolde Boer ɗiɗmere, nde Louw Geldenhuys e miñi mum tawtoranoo e nder konu Krugersdorp, o felliti wallude won e wolde Boer en ɓe ngalaa leydi, ɓe ngalaa golle.[3] O huutorii ɗe ngam mahde baraas kaaƴe e leydi e bolokaaji kaaƴe ummoraade e tufɗe caggal ngesa baa, o yoɓi ɗum £12,000.<ref name=":1" />[4] Baraas oo mahiraa ko e dow maayo Westdene ngo woni ko e maayo Braamfontein ɓurngo mawnude.<ref>"Water, water... everywhere". Johannesburg City Council. Archived from the original on 5 January 2013. Retrieved 18 October 2015.</ref> Ndeen baraas oo innitiraa ko debbo makko Emmarentia Botha.[3] Teemedere e ɓeeɗoo gollotooɓe ndeen koɗnoo ko e nokkuuji 14 tokoosi ndiyam e dow 145 morgens ndema e nder ko woni hannde e nder gure Emmarentia, Linden e Greenside ɗo ɓe ndema ɓiɓɓe leɗɗe e kosam e renndo tuugiiɗo e tataɓal njuuteendi njeeygu geɗe ɗee.<ref name=":1" /><ref>"The Origins of Emmarentia Dam". The Heritage Portal. 3 December 2013. Retrieved 18 October 2015.</ref> Louw maayi ko e hitaande 1929, debbo makko Emmarentia fuɗɗii yeeyde geɗe e nder ngesa baa wonti wuro wiyeteengo Greenside e hitaande 1931, Emmarentia e hitaande 1937 inniri ɗum, e hitaande 1941, Emmarentia Extension.<ref name=":1" /> E hitaande 1933, ektaaruuji 13 e nder ngesa hee ndokkaama wuro Johannesburg ngam waɗde parkeeji e fijooji, caggal nde pecce leydi goɗɗe keɓaa, wonti parkeeji Jan van Riebeeck (1952) e Jardiin Botanique Johannesburg (1964), Baras Emmarentia Cemeter Clubs (1939) e Parks Marks91 (1942).<ref>"Peaceful haven of remembrance". City of Johannesburg. 31 October 2011. Archived from the original on 5 January 2013. Retrieved 18 October 2015.</ref> == Dam e saraaji mum == Njuuteeki baraas oo ko hedde 400 meeter (1 310 ft) e luggiɗde ɓurnde mawnude ko 6,7 meeter (22 ft) e dow ndiyam ko 8,8 ektaar (22 ektaar).[4] Jardiin leɗɗe Johannesburg woni ko e daande maayo hirnaange baraas oo.<ref>"Johannesburg Botanical Gardens". Johannesburg City Parks. Archived from the original on 28 June 2010. Retrieved 6 January 2010.</ref> Daande maayo hirnaange ngoo ina waɗi leɗɗe, nokkuuji huɗo naftooji kuutorteeɗi ngam waɗde piknik, braais (barbecue) e yahdu pucci, e suudu teewu. Nokku oo fof ina addana yah-ngartaa jaajɗo, ina waɗi yiyngooji woɗɗuɗi Sandton e Rosebank, e (ko ɓadii) Melville Koppies. Ina woodi werlaa rooseeji toppitiiɗi no feewi, e nokku ɗo parkeeji wuro Johannesburg ina njogii eɓɓaande leɗɗe. Leɗɗe keewɗe ina mbaawi yiyeede, kadi ina woodi kadi nguurndam colli e kullon ladde tokokon ko wayi no mongol e ƴiye leɗɗe.. Baras mawɗo oo, to fuɗnaange gese ɗee, ina jaɓɓoo 1st Victory View Sea Scout Group galle laana, tawi ko to fuɗnaange damal Equaall sport so kippuuji ina nguuri, ina heen kippuuji laana ndiwoowa Emmarentia, kippuuji les ndiyam Normalair, e kippuuji laanaaji Dabulamanzi, ina taarii ɗum daande maayo juutngo haa hoore baraas oo, ina weeɓi heɓde liɗɗi e piknikuuji. Ko ɓuuɓnata baraas oo ina rutta e nder Westdene Spruit, ina waɗi gaasuuji parkeeji belɗi, nokku leɗɗe udditiiɗe, e baraas tokooso les, ina wondi e fedde 1st Greenside Scout Group to John McKenzie Drive. === Eɓɓaande moƴƴitingol baraas === E lewru abriil 2015, Fedde toppitiinde laabi Johannesburg fuɗɗii eɓɓaande ngam moƴƴinde mahdi baraas oo e gollorɗe mum. Eɓɓaande ndee joofi ko e lewru mee 2016 e njoɓdi 25 miliyoŋ ugiyya.<ref name=":0">"R25 Million revamp of Emmarentia dam underway". Johannesburg City Council. Archived from the original on 21 July 2015. Retrieved 18 October 2015.</ref> Laabi gadiiɗi ɗi baraas oo moƴƴinaa ko e hitaande 1988. Caggal wiɗto, jooni ina woodi haaju e waɗde toppitagol haɓaade e ɓeydude ndeenka reentaare ilam ngam hisnude baraas oo e jeyiiji hoɗɓe les ɗii.<ref name=":0" /> Hoɗɓe e nokkuuji saraaji ɗii mbiyata ko yoo laɓɓine tawa baraas oo ina ɓuuɓna. == Tuugnorgal == n4skrtgza6ysohap9300yt43rmfpt41 175853 175852 2026-06-23T08:56:27Z Nnamadee 11577 175853 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Baraas Emmarentia''' ko baraas gonɗo to Emmarentia, e nder leydi Afrik worgo. Won baraasuuji keewɗi baɗɗi baraas Emmarentia, hay so tawii ko e mbaydi ngootiri, baraaji ɗiɗi tokoosi tawaaɗi dow maayo e nder Jardiiji Botanique Johannesburg.<ref>"Emmarentia Dam". Emmarentia Residents Association. Archived from the original on 24 April 2016. Retrieved 18 October 2015.</ref> == Tariya == Baraas Emmarentia ina woni e leydi ndi meeɗiino wonde gese Braamfontein, gooto e gese mawɗe keewɗe baɗɗe ko wiyetee Johannesburg e saraaji mum.<ref name=":1" /> Leydi ndi soodaa ko e hitaande 1886 ko Lourens Geldenhuys ngam hakkeeji mum njulaagu nde tawnoo ina ɗaminaa maa Confidence Reef yaajnu e nder ngesa makko kono ɗum waɗaani.[3] Leydi ndi heddii ko ndema, e hitaande 1891 ndi feccii hakkunde ɓiyiiko Frans e Louw ɗo banndiraaɓe ɓee mbaɗnoo gila ko ɓooyi cuuɗi ndema ɗiɗi, ina ngoodi haa jooni, sara ɗo baraas oo woni hannde ɗoo.<ref name=":1">Davie, Lucille (15 July 2012). "Joburg's only dry suburb". Johannesburg City Council. Archived from the original on 5 January 2013. Retrieved 18 October 2015.</ref> Caggal wolde Boer ɗiɗmere, nde Louw Geldenhuys e miñi mum tawtoranoo e nder konu Krugersdorp, o felliti wallude won e wolde Boer en ɓe ngalaa leydi, ɓe ngalaa golle.[3] O huutorii ɗe ngam mahde baraas kaaƴe e leydi e bolokaaji kaaƴe ummoraade e tufɗe caggal ngesa baa, o yoɓi ɗum £12,000.<ref name=":1" />[4] Baraas oo mahiraa ko e dow maayo Westdene ngo woni ko e maayo Braamfontein ɓurngo mawnude.<ref>"Water, water... everywhere". Johannesburg City Council. Archived from the original on 5 January 2013. Retrieved 18 October 2015.</ref> Ndeen baraas oo innitiraa ko debbo makko Emmarentia Botha.<ref name=":1" /> Teemedere e ɓeeɗoo gollotooɓe ndeen koɗnoo ko e nokkuuji 14 tokoosi ndiyam e dow 145 morgens ndema e nder ko woni hannde e nder gure Emmarentia, Linden e Greenside ɗo ɓe ndema ɓiɓɓe leɗɗe e kosam e renndo tuugiiɗo e tataɓal njuuteendi njeeygu geɗe ɗee.<ref name=":1" /><ref>"The Origins of Emmarentia Dam". The Heritage Portal. 3 December 2013. Retrieved 18 October 2015.</ref> Louw maayi ko e hitaande 1929, debbo makko Emmarentia fuɗɗii yeeyde geɗe e nder ngesa baa wonti wuro wiyeteengo Greenside e hitaande 1931, Emmarentia e hitaande 1937 inniri ɗum, e hitaande 1941, Emmarentia Extension.<ref name=":1" /> E hitaande 1933, ektaaruuji 13 e nder ngesa hee ndokkaama wuro Johannesburg ngam waɗde parkeeji e fijooji, caggal nde pecce leydi goɗɗe keɓaa, wonti parkeeji Jan van Riebeeck (1952) e Jardiin Botanique Johannesburg (1964), Baras Emmarentia Cemeter Clubs (1939) e Parks Marks91 (1942).<ref>"Peaceful haven of remembrance". City of Johannesburg. 31 October 2011. Archived from the original on 5 January 2013. Retrieved 18 October 2015.</ref> == Dam e saraaji mum == Njuuteeki baraas oo ko hedde 400 meeter (1 310 ft) e luggiɗde ɓurnde mawnude ko 6,7 meeter (22 ft) e dow ndiyam ko 8,8 ektaar (22 ektaar).[4] Jardiin leɗɗe Johannesburg woni ko e daande maayo hirnaange baraas oo.<ref>"Johannesburg Botanical Gardens". Johannesburg City Parks. Archived from the original on 28 June 2010. Retrieved 6 January 2010.</ref> Daande maayo hirnaange ngoo ina waɗi leɗɗe, nokkuuji huɗo naftooji kuutorteeɗi ngam waɗde piknik, braais (barbecue) e yahdu pucci, e suudu teewu. Nokku oo fof ina addana yah-ngartaa jaajɗo, ina waɗi yiyngooji woɗɗuɗi Sandton e Rosebank, e (ko ɓadii) Melville Koppies. Ina woodi werlaa rooseeji toppitiiɗi no feewi, e nokku ɗo parkeeji wuro Johannesburg ina njogii eɓɓaande leɗɗe. Leɗɗe keewɗe ina mbaawi yiyeede, kadi ina woodi kadi nguurndam colli e kullon ladde tokokon ko wayi no mongol e ƴiye leɗɗe.. Baras mawɗo oo, to fuɗnaange gese ɗee, ina jaɓɓoo 1st Victory View Sea Scout Group galle laana, tawi ko to fuɗnaange damal Equaall sport so kippuuji ina nguuri, ina heen kippuuji laana ndiwoowa Emmarentia, kippuuji les ndiyam Normalair, e kippuuji laanaaji Dabulamanzi, ina taarii ɗum daande maayo juutngo haa hoore baraas oo, ina weeɓi heɓde liɗɗi e piknikuuji. Ko ɓuuɓnata baraas oo ina rutta e nder Westdene Spruit, ina waɗi gaasuuji parkeeji belɗi, nokku leɗɗe udditiiɗe, e baraas tokooso les, ina wondi e fedde 1st Greenside Scout Group to John McKenzie Drive. === Eɓɓaande moƴƴitingol baraas === E lewru abriil 2015, Fedde toppitiinde laabi Johannesburg fuɗɗii eɓɓaande ngam moƴƴinde mahdi baraas oo e gollorɗe mum. Eɓɓaande ndee joofi ko e lewru mee 2016 e njoɓdi 25 miliyoŋ ugiyya.<ref name=":0">"R25 Million revamp of Emmarentia dam underway". Johannesburg City Council. Archived from the original on 21 July 2015. Retrieved 18 October 2015.</ref> Laabi gadiiɗi ɗi baraas oo moƴƴinaa ko e hitaande 1988. Caggal wiɗto, jooni ina woodi haaju e waɗde toppitagol haɓaade e ɓeydude ndeenka reentaare ilam ngam hisnude baraas oo e jeyiiji hoɗɓe les ɗii.<ref name=":0" /> Hoɗɓe e nokkuuji saraaji ɗii mbiyata ko yoo laɓɓine tawa baraas oo ina ɓuuɓna. == Tuugnorgal == tvhhk5rgj0gf3ddqf97lwybrakw8i1p 175854 175853 2026-06-23T08:57:30Z Nnamadee 11577 175854 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Baraas Emmarentia''' ko baraas gonɗo to Emmarentia, e nder leydi Afrik worgo. Won baraasuuji keewɗi baɗɗi baraas Emmarentia, hay so tawii ko e mbaydi ngootiri, baraaji ɗiɗi tokoosi tawaaɗi dow maayo e nder Jardiiji Botanique Johannesburg.<ref>"Emmarentia Dam". Emmarentia Residents Association. Archived from the original on 24 April 2016. Retrieved 18 October 2015.</ref> == Tariya == Baraas Emmarentia ina woni e leydi ndi meeɗiino wonde gese Braamfontein, gooto e gese mawɗe keewɗe baɗɗe ko wiyetee Johannesburg e saraaji mum.<ref name=":1" /> Leydi ndi soodaa ko e hitaande 1886 ko Lourens Geldenhuys ngam hakkeeji mum njulaagu nde tawnoo ina ɗaminaa maa Confidence Reef yaajnu e nder ngesa makko kono ɗum waɗaani.[3] Leydi ndi heddii ko ndema, e hitaande 1891 ndi feccii hakkunde ɓiyiiko Frans e Louw ɗo banndiraaɓe ɓee mbaɗnoo gila ko ɓooyi cuuɗi ndema ɗiɗi, ina ngoodi haa jooni, sara ɗo baraas oo woni hannde ɗoo.<ref name=":1">Davie, Lucille (15 July 2012). "Joburg's only dry suburb". Johannesburg City Council. Archived from the original on 5 January 2013. Retrieved 18 October 2015.</ref> Caggal wolde Boer ɗiɗmere, nde Louw Geldenhuys e miñi mum tawtoranoo e nder konu Krugersdorp, o felliti wallude won e wolde Boer en ɓe ngalaa leydi, ɓe ngalaa golle.[3] O huutorii ɗe ngam mahde baraas kaaƴe e leydi e bolokaaji kaaƴe ummoraade e tufɗe caggal ngesa baa, o yoɓi ɗum £12,000.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" /> Baraas oo mahiraa ko e dow maayo Westdene ngo woni ko e maayo Braamfontein ɓurngo mawnude.<ref name=":2">"Water, water... everywhere". Johannesburg City Council. Archived from the original on 5 January 2013. Retrieved 18 October 2015.</ref> Ndeen baraas oo innitiraa ko debbo makko Emmarentia Botha.<ref name=":1" /> Teemedere e ɓeeɗoo gollotooɓe ndeen koɗnoo ko e nokkuuji 14 tokoosi ndiyam e dow 145 morgens ndema e nder ko woni hannde e nder gure Emmarentia, Linden e Greenside ɗo ɓe ndema ɓiɓɓe leɗɗe e kosam e renndo tuugiiɗo e tataɓal njuuteendi njeeygu geɗe ɗee.<ref name=":1" /><ref>"The Origins of Emmarentia Dam". The Heritage Portal. 3 December 2013. Retrieved 18 October 2015.</ref> Louw maayi ko e hitaande 1929, debbo makko Emmarentia fuɗɗii yeeyde geɗe e nder ngesa baa wonti wuro wiyeteengo Greenside e hitaande 1931, Emmarentia e hitaande 1937 inniri ɗum, e hitaande 1941, Emmarentia Extension.<ref name=":1" /> E hitaande 1933, ektaaruuji 13 e nder ngesa hee ndokkaama wuro Johannesburg ngam waɗde parkeeji e fijooji, caggal nde pecce leydi goɗɗe keɓaa, wonti parkeeji Jan van Riebeeck (1952) e Jardiin Botanique Johannesburg (1964), Baras Emmarentia Cemeter Clubs (1939) e Parks Marks91 (1942).<ref>"Peaceful haven of remembrance". City of Johannesburg. 31 October 2011. Archived from the original on 5 January 2013. Retrieved 18 October 2015.</ref> == Dam e saraaji mum == Njuuteeki baraas oo ko hedde 400 meeter (1 310 ft) e luggiɗde ɓurnde mawnude ko 6,7 meeter (22 ft) e dow ndiyam ko 8,8 ektaar (22 ektaar).[4] Jardiin leɗɗe Johannesburg woni ko e daande maayo hirnaange baraas oo.<ref>"Johannesburg Botanical Gardens". Johannesburg City Parks. Archived from the original on 28 June 2010. Retrieved 6 January 2010.</ref> Daande maayo hirnaange ngoo ina waɗi leɗɗe, nokkuuji huɗo naftooji kuutorteeɗi ngam waɗde piknik, braais (barbecue) e yahdu pucci, e suudu teewu. Nokku oo fof ina addana yah-ngartaa jaajɗo, ina waɗi yiyngooji woɗɗuɗi Sandton e Rosebank, e (ko ɓadii) Melville Koppies. Ina woodi werlaa rooseeji toppitiiɗi no feewi, e nokku ɗo parkeeji wuro Johannesburg ina njogii eɓɓaande leɗɗe. Leɗɗe keewɗe ina mbaawi yiyeede, kadi ina woodi kadi nguurndam colli e kullon ladde tokokon ko wayi no mongol e ƴiye leɗɗe.. Baras mawɗo oo, to fuɗnaange gese ɗee, ina jaɓɓoo 1st Victory View Sea Scout Group galle laana, tawi ko to fuɗnaange damal Equaall sport so kippuuji ina nguuri, ina heen kippuuji laana ndiwoowa Emmarentia, kippuuji les ndiyam Normalair, e kippuuji laanaaji Dabulamanzi, ina taarii ɗum daande maayo juutngo haa hoore baraas oo, ina weeɓi heɓde liɗɗi e piknikuuji. Ko ɓuuɓnata baraas oo ina rutta e nder Westdene Spruit, ina waɗi gaasuuji parkeeji belɗi, nokku leɗɗe udditiiɗe, e baraas tokooso les, ina wondi e fedde 1st Greenside Scout Group to John McKenzie Drive. === Eɓɓaande moƴƴitingol baraas === E lewru abriil 2015, Fedde toppitiinde laabi Johannesburg fuɗɗii eɓɓaande ngam moƴƴinde mahdi baraas oo e gollorɗe mum. Eɓɓaande ndee joofi ko e lewru mee 2016 e njoɓdi 25 miliyoŋ ugiyya.<ref name=":0">"R25 Million revamp of Emmarentia dam underway". Johannesburg City Council. Archived from the original on 21 July 2015. Retrieved 18 October 2015.</ref> Laabi gadiiɗi ɗi baraas oo moƴƴinaa ko e hitaande 1988. Caggal wiɗto, jooni ina woodi haaju e waɗde toppitagol haɓaade e ɓeydude ndeenka reentaare ilam ngam hisnude baraas oo e jeyiiji hoɗɓe les ɗii.<ref name=":0" /> Hoɗɓe e nokkuuji saraaji ɗii mbiyata ko yoo laɓɓine tawa baraas oo ina ɓuuɓna. == Tuugnorgal == bhuxyn8bcbhnzvekhu914t00xmb72mv 175855 175854 2026-06-23T08:58:07Z Nnamadee 11577 175855 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Baraas Emmarentia''' ko baraas gonɗo to Emmarentia, e nder leydi Afrik worgo. Won baraasuuji keewɗi baɗɗi baraas Emmarentia, hay so tawii ko e mbaydi ngootiri, baraaji ɗiɗi tokoosi tawaaɗi dow maayo e nder Jardiiji Botanique Johannesburg.<ref>"Emmarentia Dam". Emmarentia Residents Association. Archived from the original on 24 April 2016. Retrieved 18 October 2015.</ref> == Tariya == Baraas Emmarentia ina woni e leydi ndi meeɗiino wonde gese Braamfontein, gooto e gese mawɗe keewɗe baɗɗe ko wiyetee Johannesburg e saraaji mum.<ref name=":1" /> Leydi ndi soodaa ko e hitaande 1886 ko Lourens Geldenhuys ngam hakkeeji mum njulaagu nde tawnoo ina ɗaminaa maa Confidence Reef yaajnu e nder ngesa makko kono ɗum waɗaani.<ref name=":1" /> Leydi ndi heddii ko ndema, e hitaande 1891 ndi feccii hakkunde ɓiyiiko Frans e Louw ɗo banndiraaɓe ɓee mbaɗnoo gila ko ɓooyi cuuɗi ndema ɗiɗi, ina ngoodi haa jooni, sara ɗo baraas oo woni hannde ɗoo.<ref name=":1">Davie, Lucille (15 July 2012). "Joburg's only dry suburb". Johannesburg City Council. Archived from the original on 5 January 2013. Retrieved 18 October 2015.</ref> Caggal wolde Boer ɗiɗmere, nde Louw Geldenhuys e miñi mum tawtoranoo e nder konu Krugersdorp, o felliti wallude won e wolde Boer en ɓe ngalaa leydi, ɓe ngalaa golle.[3] O huutorii ɗe ngam mahde baraas kaaƴe e leydi e bolokaaji kaaƴe ummoraade e tufɗe caggal ngesa baa, o yoɓi ɗum £12,000.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" /> Baraas oo mahiraa ko e dow maayo Westdene ngo woni ko e maayo Braamfontein ɓurngo mawnude.<ref name=":2">"Water, water... everywhere". Johannesburg City Council. Archived from the original on 5 January 2013. Retrieved 18 October 2015.</ref> Ndeen baraas oo innitiraa ko debbo makko Emmarentia Botha.<ref name=":1" /> Teemedere e ɓeeɗoo gollotooɓe ndeen koɗnoo ko e nokkuuji 14 tokoosi ndiyam e dow 145 morgens ndema e nder ko woni hannde e nder gure Emmarentia, Linden e Greenside ɗo ɓe ndema ɓiɓɓe leɗɗe e kosam e renndo tuugiiɗo e tataɓal njuuteendi njeeygu geɗe ɗee.<ref name=":1" /><ref>"The Origins of Emmarentia Dam". The Heritage Portal. 3 December 2013. Retrieved 18 October 2015.</ref> Louw maayi ko e hitaande 1929, debbo makko Emmarentia fuɗɗii yeeyde geɗe e nder ngesa baa wonti wuro wiyeteengo Greenside e hitaande 1931, Emmarentia e hitaande 1937 inniri ɗum, e hitaande 1941, Emmarentia Extension.<ref name=":1" /> E hitaande 1933, ektaaruuji 13 e nder ngesa hee ndokkaama wuro Johannesburg ngam waɗde parkeeji e fijooji, caggal nde pecce leydi goɗɗe keɓaa, wonti parkeeji Jan van Riebeeck (1952) e Jardiin Botanique Johannesburg (1964), Baras Emmarentia Cemeter Clubs (1939) e Parks Marks91 (1942).<ref>"Peaceful haven of remembrance". City of Johannesburg. 31 October 2011. Archived from the original on 5 January 2013. Retrieved 18 October 2015.</ref> == Dam e saraaji mum == Njuuteeki baraas oo ko hedde 400 meeter (1 310 ft) e luggiɗde ɓurnde mawnude ko 6,7 meeter (22 ft) e dow ndiyam ko 8,8 ektaar (22 ektaar).[4] Jardiin leɗɗe Johannesburg woni ko e daande maayo hirnaange baraas oo.<ref>"Johannesburg Botanical Gardens". Johannesburg City Parks. Archived from the original on 28 June 2010. Retrieved 6 January 2010.</ref> Daande maayo hirnaange ngoo ina waɗi leɗɗe, nokkuuji huɗo naftooji kuutorteeɗi ngam waɗde piknik, braais (barbecue) e yahdu pucci, e suudu teewu. Nokku oo fof ina addana yah-ngartaa jaajɗo, ina waɗi yiyngooji woɗɗuɗi Sandton e Rosebank, e (ko ɓadii) Melville Koppies. Ina woodi werlaa rooseeji toppitiiɗi no feewi, e nokku ɗo parkeeji wuro Johannesburg ina njogii eɓɓaande leɗɗe. Leɗɗe keewɗe ina mbaawi yiyeede, kadi ina woodi kadi nguurndam colli e kullon ladde tokokon ko wayi no mongol e ƴiye leɗɗe.. Baras mawɗo oo, to fuɗnaange gese ɗee, ina jaɓɓoo 1st Victory View Sea Scout Group galle laana, tawi ko to fuɗnaange damal Equaall sport so kippuuji ina nguuri, ina heen kippuuji laana ndiwoowa Emmarentia, kippuuji les ndiyam Normalair, e kippuuji laanaaji Dabulamanzi, ina taarii ɗum daande maayo juutngo haa hoore baraas oo, ina weeɓi heɓde liɗɗi e piknikuuji. Ko ɓuuɓnata baraas oo ina rutta e nder Westdene Spruit, ina waɗi gaasuuji parkeeji belɗi, nokku leɗɗe udditiiɗe, e baraas tokooso les, ina wondi e fedde 1st Greenside Scout Group to John McKenzie Drive. === Eɓɓaande moƴƴitingol baraas === E lewru abriil 2015, Fedde toppitiinde laabi Johannesburg fuɗɗii eɓɓaande ngam moƴƴinde mahdi baraas oo e gollorɗe mum. Eɓɓaande ndee joofi ko e lewru mee 2016 e njoɓdi 25 miliyoŋ ugiyya.<ref name=":0">"R25 Million revamp of Emmarentia dam underway". Johannesburg City Council. Archived from the original on 21 July 2015. Retrieved 18 October 2015.</ref> Laabi gadiiɗi ɗi baraas oo moƴƴinaa ko e hitaande 1988. Caggal wiɗto, jooni ina woodi haaju e waɗde toppitagol haɓaade e ɓeydude ndeenka reentaare ilam ngam hisnude baraas oo e jeyiiji hoɗɓe les ɗii.<ref name=":0" /> Hoɗɓe e nokkuuji saraaji ɗii mbiyata ko yoo laɓɓine tawa baraas oo ina ɓuuɓna. == Tuugnorgal == 6np1molc8yn0uunl75xnw2icsd88srp 175856 175855 2026-06-23T08:58:30Z Nnamadee 11577 175856 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Baraas Emmarentia''' ko baraas gonɗo to Emmarentia, e nder leydi Afrik worgo. Won baraasuuji keewɗi baɗɗi baraas Emmarentia, hay so tawii ko e mbaydi ngootiri, baraaji ɗiɗi tokoosi tawaaɗi dow maayo e nder Jardiiji Botanique Johannesburg.<ref>"Emmarentia Dam". Emmarentia Residents Association. Archived from the original on 24 April 2016. Retrieved 18 October 2015.</ref> == Tariya == Baraas Emmarentia ina woni e leydi ndi meeɗiino wonde gese Braamfontein, gooto e gese mawɗe keewɗe baɗɗe ko wiyetee Johannesburg e saraaji mum.<ref name=":1" /> Leydi ndi soodaa ko e hitaande 1886 ko Lourens Geldenhuys ngam hakkeeji mum njulaagu nde tawnoo ina ɗaminaa maa Confidence Reef yaajnu e nder ngesa makko kono ɗum waɗaani.<ref name=":1" /> Leydi ndi heddii ko ndema, e hitaande 1891 ndi feccii hakkunde ɓiyiiko Frans e Louw ɗo banndiraaɓe ɓee mbaɗnoo gila ko ɓooyi cuuɗi ndema ɗiɗi, ina ngoodi haa jooni, sara ɗo baraas oo woni hannde ɗoo.<ref name=":1">Davie, Lucille (15 July 2012). "Joburg's only dry suburb". Johannesburg City Council. Archived from the original on 5 January 2013. Retrieved 18 October 2015.</ref> Caggal wolde Boer ɗiɗmere, nde Louw Geldenhuys e miñi mum tawtoranoo e nder konu Krugersdorp, o felliti wallude won e wolde Boer en ɓe ngalaa leydi, ɓe ngalaa golle.<ref name=":1" /> O huutorii ɗe ngam mahde baraas kaaƴe e leydi e bolokaaji kaaƴe ummoraade e tufɗe caggal ngesa baa, o yoɓi ɗum £12,000.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" /> Baraas oo mahiraa ko e dow maayo Westdene ngo woni ko e maayo Braamfontein ɓurngo mawnude.<ref name=":2">"Water, water... everywhere". Johannesburg City Council. Archived from the original on 5 January 2013. Retrieved 18 October 2015.</ref> Ndeen baraas oo innitiraa ko debbo makko Emmarentia Botha.<ref name=":1" /> Teemedere e ɓeeɗoo gollotooɓe ndeen koɗnoo ko e nokkuuji 14 tokoosi ndiyam e dow 145 morgens ndema e nder ko woni hannde e nder gure Emmarentia, Linden e Greenside ɗo ɓe ndema ɓiɓɓe leɗɗe e kosam e renndo tuugiiɗo e tataɓal njuuteendi njeeygu geɗe ɗee.<ref name=":1" /><ref>"The Origins of Emmarentia Dam". The Heritage Portal. 3 December 2013. Retrieved 18 October 2015.</ref> Louw maayi ko e hitaande 1929, debbo makko Emmarentia fuɗɗii yeeyde geɗe e nder ngesa baa wonti wuro wiyeteengo Greenside e hitaande 1931, Emmarentia e hitaande 1937 inniri ɗum, e hitaande 1941, Emmarentia Extension.<ref name=":1" /> E hitaande 1933, ektaaruuji 13 e nder ngesa hee ndokkaama wuro Johannesburg ngam waɗde parkeeji e fijooji, caggal nde pecce leydi goɗɗe keɓaa, wonti parkeeji Jan van Riebeeck (1952) e Jardiin Botanique Johannesburg (1964), Baras Emmarentia Cemeter Clubs (1939) e Parks Marks91 (1942).<ref>"Peaceful haven of remembrance". City of Johannesburg. 31 October 2011. Archived from the original on 5 January 2013. Retrieved 18 October 2015.</ref> == Dam e saraaji mum == Njuuteeki baraas oo ko hedde 400 meeter (1 310 ft) e luggiɗde ɓurnde mawnude ko 6,7 meeter (22 ft) e dow ndiyam ko 8,8 ektaar (22 ektaar).[4] Jardiin leɗɗe Johannesburg woni ko e daande maayo hirnaange baraas oo.<ref>"Johannesburg Botanical Gardens". Johannesburg City Parks. Archived from the original on 28 June 2010. Retrieved 6 January 2010.</ref> Daande maayo hirnaange ngoo ina waɗi leɗɗe, nokkuuji huɗo naftooji kuutorteeɗi ngam waɗde piknik, braais (barbecue) e yahdu pucci, e suudu teewu. Nokku oo fof ina addana yah-ngartaa jaajɗo, ina waɗi yiyngooji woɗɗuɗi Sandton e Rosebank, e (ko ɓadii) Melville Koppies. Ina woodi werlaa rooseeji toppitiiɗi no feewi, e nokku ɗo parkeeji wuro Johannesburg ina njogii eɓɓaande leɗɗe. Leɗɗe keewɗe ina mbaawi yiyeede, kadi ina woodi kadi nguurndam colli e kullon ladde tokokon ko wayi no mongol e ƴiye leɗɗe.. Baras mawɗo oo, to fuɗnaange gese ɗee, ina jaɓɓoo 1st Victory View Sea Scout Group galle laana, tawi ko to fuɗnaange damal Equaall sport so kippuuji ina nguuri, ina heen kippuuji laana ndiwoowa Emmarentia, kippuuji les ndiyam Normalair, e kippuuji laanaaji Dabulamanzi, ina taarii ɗum daande maayo juutngo haa hoore baraas oo, ina weeɓi heɓde liɗɗi e piknikuuji. Ko ɓuuɓnata baraas oo ina rutta e nder Westdene Spruit, ina waɗi gaasuuji parkeeji belɗi, nokku leɗɗe udditiiɗe, e baraas tokooso les, ina wondi e fedde 1st Greenside Scout Group to John McKenzie Drive. === Eɓɓaande moƴƴitingol baraas === E lewru abriil 2015, Fedde toppitiinde laabi Johannesburg fuɗɗii eɓɓaande ngam moƴƴinde mahdi baraas oo e gollorɗe mum. Eɓɓaande ndee joofi ko e lewru mee 2016 e njoɓdi 25 miliyoŋ ugiyya.<ref name=":0">"R25 Million revamp of Emmarentia dam underway". Johannesburg City Council. Archived from the original on 21 July 2015. Retrieved 18 October 2015.</ref> Laabi gadiiɗi ɗi baraas oo moƴƴinaa ko e hitaande 1988. Caggal wiɗto, jooni ina woodi haaju e waɗde toppitagol haɓaade e ɓeydude ndeenka reentaare ilam ngam hisnude baraas oo e jeyiiji hoɗɓe les ɗii.<ref name=":0" /> Hoɗɓe e nokkuuji saraaji ɗii mbiyata ko yoo laɓɓine tawa baraas oo ina ɓuuɓna. == Tuugnorgal == 7c03layji00jgz6992o3i153l9d0m8o 0 42438 175860 2026-06-23T09:21:33Z Nnamadee 11577 Created page with "'''Baraas Bivane''' (ko anndiraa baraas Paris) ko baraas gonɗo e maayo Bivane, sara Vryheid, KwaZulu-Natal, Afrik worgo. Nde sosaa ko e hitaande 2000. Faandaare mayre adannde ko ndiyam e kuutoragol nder galleeji. Joom mum ko Fedde huutortooɓe Impala.[1][2] Pottital mum bonngal ina woni e cate 3. == Galle ==" 175860 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Baraas Bivane''' (ko anndiraa baraas Paris) ko baraas gonɗo e maayo Bivane, sara Vryheid, KwaZulu-Natal, Afrik worgo. Nde sosaa ko e hitaande 2000. Faandaare mayre adannde ko ndiyam e kuutoragol nder galleeji. Joom mum ko Fedde huutortooɓe Impala.[1][2] Pottital mum bonngal ina woni e cate 3. == Galle == 7vcodesa4b8rbvoku163vn8dcp3xpg3 175861 175860 2026-06-23T09:21:52Z Nnamadee 11577 175861 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Baraas Bivane''' (ko anndiraa baraas Paris) ko baraas gonɗo e maayo Bivane, sara Vryheid, KwaZulu-Natal, Afrik worgo. Nde sosaa ko e hitaande 2000. Faandaare mayre adannde ko ndiyam e kuutoragol nder galleeji. Joom mum ko Fedde huutortooɓe Impala.[1][2] Pottital mum bonngal ina woni e cate 3. == Galle == rxi8p1ast3lns0t9hl94tksan499x2r 175862 175861 2026-06-23T09:22:33Z Nnamadee 11577 175862 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Baraas Bivane''' (ko anndiraa baraas Paris) ko baraas gonɗo e maayo Bivane, sara Vryheid, KwaZulu-Natal, Afrik worgo. Nde sosaa ko e hitaande 2000. Faandaare mayre adannde ko ndiyam e kuutoragol nder galleeji. Joom mum ko Fedde huutortooɓe Impala.[1][2] Pottital mum bonngal ina woni e cate 3. == Galle == <gallery> Bivane Dam - 26 Nov 2009 - panoramio.jpg|View from camping site Bivane dam - Aerial view of the campsite - panoramio.jpg|Aerial view </gallery> je0vzbxxjfpehxmwseu1hvhk5o131e3 175863 175862 2026-06-23T09:22:50Z Nnamadee 11577 175863 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Baraas Bivane''' (ko anndiraa baraas Paris) ko baraas gonɗo e maayo Bivane, sara Vryheid, KwaZulu-Natal, Afrik worgo. Nde sosaa ko e hitaande 2000. Faandaare mayre adannde ko ndiyam e kuutoragol nder galleeji. Joom mum ko Fedde huutortooɓe Impala.[1][2] Pottital mum bonngal ina woni e cate 3. == Galle == <gallery> Bivane Dam - 26 Nov 2009 - panoramio.jpg|View from camping site Bivane dam - Aerial view of the campsite - panoramio.jpg|Aerial view </gallery> == Tuugnorgal == qn9gukr6b5cmign7gul3vvd1ssqah8j 175865 175863 2026-06-23T09:23:41Z Nnamadee 11577 175865 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Baraas Bivane''' (ko anndiraa baraas Paris) ko baraas gonɗo e maayo Bivane, sara Vryheid, KwaZulu-Natal, Afrik worgo. Nde sosaa ko e hitaande 2000. Faandaare mayre adannde ko ndiyam e kuutoragol nder galleeji. Joom mum ko Fedde huutortooɓe Impala.<ref>"Bivane Dam". Retrieved 9 June 2026.</ref> Pottital mum bonngal ina woni e cate 3. == Galle == <gallery> Bivane Dam - 26 Nov 2009 - panoramio.jpg|View from camping site Bivane dam - Aerial view of the campsite - panoramio.jpg|Aerial view </gallery> == Tuugnorgal == e43hoqyahylfhrgho56n40jy9bgtqzv 175866 175865 2026-06-23T09:24:09Z Nnamadee 11577 175866 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Baraas Bivane''' (ko anndiraa baraas Paris) ko baraas gonɗo e maayo Bivane, sara Vryheid, KwaZulu-Natal, Afrik worgo. Nde sosaa ko e hitaande 2000. Faandaare mayre adannde ko ndiyam e kuutoragol nder galleeji. Joom mum ko Fedde huutortooɓe Impala.<ref>"Bivane Dam". Retrieved 9 June 2026.</ref><ref>"Bivane Dam Information | WhereToStay.co.za". www.wheretostay.co.za. Retrieved 9 June 2026.</ref> Pottital mum bonngal ina woni e cate 3. == Galle == <gallery> Bivane Dam - 26 Nov 2009 - panoramio.jpg|View from camping site Bivane dam - Aerial view of the campsite - panoramio.jpg|Aerial view </gallery> == Tuugnorgal == fogb17vvlpyahw6brddvp6vcsi8of91 0 42439 175868 2026-06-23T09:27:45Z Nnamadee 11577 Created page with "'''Baraas Pongolapoort''', ko ɓuri heewde wiyeede ko baraas Jozini peewnoowo maayo Jozini, ko baraas mbaydi arc (arc gootol gonɗo e ɓuuɓri ɗiɗi[1]) to fuɗnaange KwaZulu-Natal, Afrik worgo, tawaaɗo e maayo Phongolo. Baraas oo woni ko to fuɗnaange wuro wiyeteengo Jozini, 280 km to fuɗnaange-rewo wuro laamorgo Durban. Baraas oo mahaa ko e hitaande 1973 to fuɗnaange-rewo ŋoral ɓuuɓngal ceertungal hakkunde ŋoral Lebombo e Ubombo. Baraas oo ɓuri waawde huutoraa..." 175868 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Baraas Pongolapoort''', ko ɓuri heewde wiyeede ko baraas Jozini peewnoowo maayo Jozini, ko baraas mbaydi arc (arc gootol gonɗo e ɓuuɓri ɗiɗi[1]) to fuɗnaange KwaZulu-Natal, Afrik worgo, tawaaɗo e maayo Phongolo. Baraas oo woni ko to fuɗnaange wuro wiyeteengo Jozini, 280 km to fuɗnaange-rewo wuro laamorgo Durban. Baraas oo mahaa ko e hitaande 1973 to fuɗnaange-rewo ŋoral ɓuuɓngal ceertungal hakkunde ŋoral Lebombo e Ubombo. Baraas oo ɓuri waawde huutoraade ko haajuuji ndiyam e mbaadiiji mum bonɗi ina limtaa to bannge toowɗo (3). Maayo Phongolo ko ɓuuɓol baraas oo kadi ko ngol ɓuri mawnude e ñamri mum tan duumiindi. == Tariya == Ko adii mahngo baraas Pongolapoort, leydi ndii ko nokku gadano jaɓaaɗo e nder Afrik ngam hisnude ɗum. Ko hooreejo leydi Transvaal e oon sahaa, hono Paul Kruger, bayyini nokku ɗo jawdi Pongola woni ɗoo e hitaande 1894. Ɗuum noon maa addan e bayyinaango nokkuuji laddeeji Hluhluwe-Imfolozi, Mkuze e Ndumo kam e gooto e nokkuuji ɓurɗi mawnude e Afrik ngam hisnude kullon ladde, nokku ngenndiijo Kruger.[2] == Kulle ladde == Dam oo ina taarii nokkuuji laddeeji keertiiɗi kam e nokku keeriiɗo Pongola mo ina waɗi lodgeeji keertiiɗi keewɗi kam e nokkuuji cafrirɗi ngam liggaade. Kulle ladde e colli ina keewi e nokku hee. Kulle njiylotooɗe ɗee ko : elefant, lewru, ƴiye daneeje e ɓaleeje, ƴiye, ƴiye, ƴiye ndiyam, ƴiye ladde, nyala, kudu mawɗo, ƴiye zebra, ƴiye ƴiye e ƴiye ƴiye. Baraas oo e saraaji mum ina mballita ko ina tolnoo e 350 sifaa colli tawi ina jeyaa heen colli keewɗi ko wayi no ƴiye Afrik, ƴiye saɗtuɗe e ƴiye daneeje, ƴiye ƴiye Afrik, ƴiye liɗɗi Pel e trogon Narina. Baraas oo ina wallita kadi e koloñaal jibinannde pelikanuuji daneeji mawɗi, ɗi ɓaleeji pinndi. Ko adii fof, baraas oo ina wallita e keewal mborosaaji Niil. Baraas oo kadi ko nokku ɗo liɗɗi tiggu ɓurɗi heewde to bannge worgo. Liɗɗi goɗɗi ina njeyaa heen : catfish e kurper. == Kalite ndiyam == Alaa humpito ko faati e mbaydi ndiyam baraas oo kono ina waawi siforeede no feewi. Maayooji Pongola ɓurɗi heewde pollugol ko mborosaaji ndema ɗi mbaɗata laawol mum en e nder maayo ngoo sabu huutoraade leydi ndii no feewi ngam ndema dow baraas oo. == Yiite laana galle == Sosiyetee Shayamanzi Houseboats mo Ballito ina jokki golle laanaaji diwooje e nder maayo Jozini. Ñalnde 9 oktoobar 2021 gooto e laanaaji ɗii, hono Shayamanzi I, yani e yiite, yani haa laaɓi caggal nde moteri bonɗo oo wuli no feewi. Nayi e nder laana kaa e turismaaɓe njoyo Almaañnaaɓe njippiima e ndiyam ɓuuɓɗam, ɗo yimɓe tato (2 e nder laana kaa e turist gooto) maayi, ɓe kollitii maayɓe, yimɓe woɗɓe ɓee meeɗaa yiyeede, ɓe kollitii maayɓe.[3] Sabaabu yiite ngee e waasde jogaade hakkille ina woni e wiɗto to fedde toppitiinde kisal geec to Afrik worgo (SAMSA). == Tuugnorgal == e4y4twg2igxehjbxf6m9302c3nbnu9t 175869 175868 2026-06-23T09:28:13Z Nnamadee 11577 175869 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Baraas Pongolapoort''', ko ɓuri heewde wiyeede ko baraas Jozini peewnoowo maayo Jozini, ko baraas mbaydi arc (arc gootol gonɗo e ɓuuɓri ɗiɗi[1]) to fuɗnaange KwaZulu-Natal, Afrik worgo, tawaaɗo e maayo Phongolo. Baraas oo woni ko to fuɗnaange wuro wiyeteengo Jozini, 280 km to fuɗnaange-rewo wuro laamorgo Durban. Baraas oo mahaa ko e hitaande 1973 to fuɗnaange-rewo ŋoral ɓuuɓngal ceertungal hakkunde ŋoral Lebombo e Ubombo. Baraas oo ɓuri waawde huutoraade ko haajuuji ndiyam e mbaadiiji mum bonɗi ina limtaa to bannge toowɗo (3). Maayo Phongolo ko ɓuuɓol baraas oo kadi ko ngol ɓuri mawnude e ñamri mum tan duumiindi. == Tariya == Ko adii mahngo baraas Pongolapoort, leydi ndii ko nokku gadano jaɓaaɗo e nder Afrik ngam hisnude ɗum. Ko hooreejo leydi Transvaal e oon sahaa, hono Paul Kruger, bayyini nokku ɗo jawdi Pongola woni ɗoo e hitaande 1894. Ɗuum noon maa addan e bayyinaango nokkuuji laddeeji Hluhluwe-Imfolozi, Mkuze e Ndumo kam e gooto e nokkuuji ɓurɗi mawnude e Afrik ngam hisnude kullon ladde, nokku ngenndiijo Kruger.[2] == Kulle ladde == Dam oo ina taarii nokkuuji laddeeji keertiiɗi kam e nokku keeriiɗo Pongola mo ina waɗi lodgeeji keertiiɗi keewɗi kam e nokkuuji cafrirɗi ngam liggaade. Kulle ladde e colli ina keewi e nokku hee. Kulle njiylotooɗe ɗee ko : elefant, lewru, ƴiye daneeje e ɓaleeje, ƴiye, ƴiye, ƴiye ndiyam, ƴiye ladde, nyala, kudu mawɗo, ƴiye zebra, ƴiye ƴiye e ƴiye ƴiye. Baraas oo e saraaji mum ina mballita ko ina tolnoo e 350 sifaa colli tawi ina jeyaa heen colli keewɗi ko wayi no ƴiye Afrik, ƴiye saɗtuɗe e ƴiye daneeje, ƴiye ƴiye Afrik, ƴiye liɗɗi Pel e trogon Narina. Baraas oo ina wallita kadi e koloñaal jibinannde pelikanuuji daneeji mawɗi, ɗi ɓaleeji pinndi. Ko adii fof, baraas oo ina wallita e keewal mborosaaji Niil. Baraas oo kadi ko nokku ɗo liɗɗi tiggu ɓurɗi heewde to bannge worgo. Liɗɗi goɗɗi ina njeyaa heen : catfish e kurper. == Kalite ndiyam == Alaa humpito ko faati e mbaydi ndiyam baraas oo kono ina waawi siforeede no feewi. Maayooji Pongola ɓurɗi heewde pollugol ko mborosaaji ndema ɗi mbaɗata laawol mum en e nder maayo ngoo sabu huutoraade leydi ndii no feewi ngam ndema dow baraas oo. == Yiite laana galle == Sosiyetee Shayamanzi Houseboats mo Ballito ina jokki golle laanaaji diwooje e nder maayo Jozini. Ñalnde 9 oktoobar 2021 gooto e laanaaji ɗii, hono Shayamanzi I, yani e yiite, yani haa laaɓi caggal nde moteri bonɗo oo wuli no feewi. Nayi e nder laana kaa e turismaaɓe njoyo Almaañnaaɓe njippiima e ndiyam ɓuuɓɗam, ɗo yimɓe tato (2 e nder laana kaa e turist gooto) maayi, ɓe kollitii maayɓe, yimɓe woɗɓe ɓee meeɗaa yiyeede, ɓe kollitii maayɓe.[3] Sabaabu yiite ngee e waasde jogaade hakkille ina woni e wiɗto to fedde toppitiinde kisal geec to Afrik worgo (SAMSA). == Tuugnorgal == 8bxrlv3uvxul649k7vzxxchgg4d3zrv 175871 175869 2026-06-23T09:29:30Z Nnamadee 11577 175871 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Baraas Pongolapoort''', ko ɓuri heewde wiyeede ko baraas Jozini peewnoowo maayo Jozini, ko baraas mbaydi arc (arc gootol gonɗo e ɓuuɓri ɗiɗi<ref>"Pongolapoort Dam: Development steeped in controversy" (PDF). Water Research Council. May 2009. Retrieved 9 January 2020.</ref>) to fuɗnaange KwaZulu-Natal, Afrik worgo, tawaaɗo e maayo Phongolo. Baraas oo woni ko to fuɗnaange wuro wiyeteengo Jozini, 280 km to fuɗnaange-rewo wuro laamorgo Durban. Baraas oo mahaa ko e hitaande 1973 to fuɗnaange-rewo ŋoral ɓuuɓngal ceertungal hakkunde ŋoral Lebombo e Ubombo. Baraas oo ɓuri waawde huutoraade ko haajuuji ndiyam e mbaadiiji mum bonɗi ina limtaa to bannge toowɗo (3). Maayo Phongolo ko ɓuuɓol baraas oo kadi ko ngol ɓuri mawnude e ñamri mum tan duumiindi. == Tariya == Ko adii mahngo baraas Pongolapoort, leydi ndii ko nokku gadano jaɓaaɗo e nder Afrik ngam hisnude ɗum. Ko hooreejo leydi Transvaal e oon sahaa, hono Paul Kruger, bayyini nokku ɗo jawdi Pongola woni ɗoo e hitaande 1894. Ɗuum noon maa addan e bayyinaango nokkuuji laddeeji Hluhluwe-Imfolozi, Mkuze e Ndumo kam e gooto e nokkuuji ɓurɗi mawnude e Afrik ngam hisnude kullon ladde, nokku ngenndiijo Kruger.[2] == Kulle ladde == Dam oo ina taarii nokkuuji laddeeji keertiiɗi kam e nokku keeriiɗo Pongola mo ina waɗi lodgeeji keertiiɗi keewɗi kam e nokkuuji cafrirɗi ngam liggaade. Kulle ladde e colli ina keewi e nokku hee. Kulle njiylotooɗe ɗee ko : elefant, lewru, ƴiye daneeje e ɓaleeje, ƴiye, ƴiye, ƴiye ndiyam, ƴiye ladde, nyala, kudu mawɗo, ƴiye zebra, ƴiye ƴiye e ƴiye ƴiye. Baraas oo e saraaji mum ina mballita ko ina tolnoo e 350 sifaa colli tawi ina jeyaa heen colli keewɗi ko wayi no ƴiye Afrik, ƴiye saɗtuɗe e ƴiye daneeje, ƴiye ƴiye Afrik, ƴiye liɗɗi Pel e trogon Narina. Baraas oo ina wallita kadi e koloñaal jibinannde pelikanuuji daneeji mawɗi, ɗi ɓaleeji pinndi. Ko adii fof, baraas oo ina wallita e keewal mborosaaji Niil. Baraas oo kadi ko nokku ɗo liɗɗi tiggu ɓurɗi heewde to bannge worgo. Liɗɗi goɗɗi ina njeyaa heen : catfish e kurper. == Kalite ndiyam == Alaa humpito ko faati e mbaydi ndiyam baraas oo kono ina waawi siforeede no feewi. Maayooji Pongola ɓurɗi heewde pollugol ko mborosaaji ndema ɗi mbaɗata laawol mum en e nder maayo ngoo sabu huutoraade leydi ndii no feewi ngam ndema dow baraas oo. == Yiite laana galle == Sosiyetee Shayamanzi Houseboats mo Ballito ina jokki golle laanaaji diwooje e nder maayo Jozini. Ñalnde 9 oktoobar 2021 gooto e laanaaji ɗii, hono Shayamanzi I, yani e yiite, yani haa laaɓi caggal nde moteri bonɗo oo wuli no feewi. Nayi e nder laana kaa e turismaaɓe njoyo Almaañnaaɓe njippiima e ndiyam ɓuuɓɗam, ɗo yimɓe tato (2 e nder laana kaa e turist gooto) maayi, ɓe kollitii maayɓe, yimɓe woɗɓe ɓee meeɗaa yiyeede, ɓe kollitii maayɓe.[3] Sabaabu yiite ngee e waasde jogaade hakkille ina woni e wiɗto to fedde toppitiinde kisal geec to Afrik worgo (SAMSA). == Tuugnorgal == fvcta5fm1bgtxz99hb2ckiil141cnhj 175873 175871 2026-06-23T09:30:06Z Nnamadee 11577 175873 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Baraas Pongolapoort''', ko ɓuri heewde wiyeede ko baraas Jozini peewnoowo maayo Jozini, ko baraas mbaydi arc (arc gootol gonɗo e ɓuuɓri ɗiɗi<ref>"Pongolapoort Dam: Development steeped in controversy" (PDF). Water Research Council. May 2009. Retrieved 9 January 2020.</ref>) to fuɗnaange KwaZulu-Natal, Afrik worgo, tawaaɗo e maayo Phongolo. Baraas oo woni ko to fuɗnaange wuro wiyeteengo Jozini, 280 km to fuɗnaange-rewo wuro laamorgo Durban. Baraas oo mahaa ko e hitaande 1973 to fuɗnaange-rewo ŋoral ɓuuɓngal ceertungal hakkunde ŋoral Lebombo e Ubombo. Baraas oo ɓuri waawde huutoraade ko haajuuji ndiyam e mbaadiiji mum bonɗi ina limtaa to bannge toowɗo (3). Maayo Phongolo ko ɓuuɓol baraas oo kadi ko ngol ɓuri mawnude e ñamri mum tan duumiindi. == Tariya == Ko adii mahngo baraas Pongolapoort, leydi ndii ko nokku gadano jaɓaaɗo e nder Afrik ngam hisnude ɗum. Ko hooreejo leydi Transvaal e oon sahaa, hono Paul Kruger, bayyini nokku ɗo jawdi Pongola woni ɗoo e hitaande 1894. Ɗuum noon maa addan e bayyinaango nokkuuji laddeeji Hluhluwe-Imfolozi, Mkuze e Ndumo kam e gooto e nokkuuji ɓurɗi mawnude e Afrik ngam hisnude kullon ladde, nokku ngenndiijo Kruger.<ref>"Kruger Lodges". Retrieved 10 December 2015.</ref> == Kulle ladde == Dam oo ina taarii nokkuuji laddeeji keertiiɗi kam e nokku keeriiɗo Pongola mo ina waɗi lodgeeji keertiiɗi keewɗi kam e nokkuuji cafrirɗi ngam liggaade. Kulle ladde e colli ina keewi e nokku hee. Kulle njiylotooɗe ɗee ko : elefant, lewru, ƴiye daneeje e ɓaleeje, ƴiye, ƴiye, ƴiye ndiyam, ƴiye ladde, nyala, kudu mawɗo, ƴiye zebra, ƴiye ƴiye e ƴiye ƴiye. Baraas oo e saraaji mum ina mballita ko ina tolnoo e 350 sifaa colli tawi ina jeyaa heen colli keewɗi ko wayi no ƴiye Afrik, ƴiye saɗtuɗe e ƴiye daneeje, ƴiye ƴiye Afrik, ƴiye liɗɗi Pel e trogon Narina. Baraas oo ina wallita kadi e koloñaal jibinannde pelikanuuji daneeji mawɗi, ɗi ɓaleeji pinndi. Ko adii fof, baraas oo ina wallita e keewal mborosaaji Niil. Baraas oo kadi ko nokku ɗo liɗɗi tiggu ɓurɗi heewde to bannge worgo. Liɗɗi goɗɗi ina njeyaa heen : catfish e kurper. == Kalite ndiyam == Alaa humpito ko faati e mbaydi ndiyam baraas oo kono ina waawi siforeede no feewi. Maayooji Pongola ɓurɗi heewde pollugol ko mborosaaji ndema ɗi mbaɗata laawol mum en e nder maayo ngoo sabu huutoraade leydi ndii no feewi ngam ndema dow baraas oo. == Yiite laana galle == Sosiyetee Shayamanzi Houseboats mo Ballito ina jokki golle laanaaji diwooje e nder maayo Jozini. Ñalnde 9 oktoobar 2021 gooto e laanaaji ɗii, hono Shayamanzi I, yani e yiite, yani haa laaɓi caggal nde moteri bonɗo oo wuli no feewi. Nayi e nder laana kaa e turismaaɓe njoyo Almaañnaaɓe njippiima e ndiyam ɓuuɓɗam, ɗo yimɓe tato (2 e nder laana kaa e turist gooto) maayi, ɓe kollitii maayɓe, yimɓe woɗɓe ɓee meeɗaa yiyeede, ɓe kollitii maayɓe.[3] Sabaabu yiite ngee e waasde jogaade hakkille ina woni e wiɗto to fedde toppitiinde kisal geec to Afrik worgo (SAMSA). == Tuugnorgal == gnmv0y94awex4oa7uddnn42xtkrsm64 175876 175873 2026-06-23T09:30:52Z Nnamadee 11577 175876 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Baraas Pongolapoort''', ko ɓuri heewde wiyeede ko baraas Jozini peewnoowo maayo Jozini, ko baraas mbaydi arc (arc gootol gonɗo e ɓuuɓri ɗiɗi<ref>"Pongolapoort Dam: Development steeped in controversy" (PDF). Water Research Council. May 2009. Retrieved 9 January 2020.</ref>) to fuɗnaange KwaZulu-Natal, Afrik worgo, tawaaɗo e maayo Phongolo. Baraas oo woni ko to fuɗnaange wuro wiyeteengo Jozini, 280 km to fuɗnaange-rewo wuro laamorgo Durban. Baraas oo mahaa ko e hitaande 1973 to fuɗnaange-rewo ŋoral ɓuuɓngal ceertungal hakkunde ŋoral Lebombo e Ubombo. Baraas oo ɓuri waawde huutoraade ko haajuuji ndiyam e mbaadiiji mum bonɗi ina limtaa to bannge toowɗo (3). Maayo Phongolo ko ɓuuɓol baraas oo kadi ko ngol ɓuri mawnude e ñamri mum tan duumiindi. == Tariya == Ko adii mahngo baraas Pongolapoort, leydi ndii ko nokku gadano jaɓaaɗo e nder Afrik ngam hisnude ɗum. Ko hooreejo leydi Transvaal e oon sahaa, hono Paul Kruger, bayyini nokku ɗo jawdi Pongola woni ɗoo e hitaande 1894. Ɗuum noon maa addan e bayyinaango nokkuuji laddeeji Hluhluwe-Imfolozi, Mkuze e Ndumo kam e gooto e nokkuuji ɓurɗi mawnude e Afrik ngam hisnude kullon ladde, nokku ngenndiijo Kruger.<ref>"Kruger Lodges". Retrieved 10 December 2015.</ref> == Kulle ladde == Dam oo ina taarii nokkuuji laddeeji keertiiɗi kam e nokku keeriiɗo Pongola mo ina waɗi lodgeeji keertiiɗi keewɗi kam e nokkuuji cafrirɗi ngam liggaade. Kulle ladde e colli ina keewi e nokku hee. Kulle njiylotooɗe ɗee ko : elefant, lewru, ƴiye daneeje e ɓaleeje, ƴiye, ƴiye, ƴiye ndiyam, ƴiye ladde, nyala, kudu mawɗo, ƴiye zebra, ƴiye ƴiye e ƴiye ƴiye. Baraas oo e saraaji mum ina mballita ko ina tolnoo e 350 sifaa colli tawi ina jeyaa heen colli keewɗi ko wayi no ƴiye Afrik, ƴiye saɗtuɗe e ƴiye daneeje, ƴiye ƴiye Afrik, ƴiye liɗɗi Pel e trogon Narina. Baraas oo ina wallita kadi e koloñaal jibinannde pelikanuuji daneeji mawɗi, ɗi ɓaleeji pinndi. Ko adii fof, baraas oo ina wallita e keewal mborosaaji Niil. Baraas oo kadi ko nokku ɗo liɗɗi tiggu ɓurɗi heewde to bannge worgo. Liɗɗi goɗɗi ina njeyaa heen : catfish e kurper. == Kalite ndiyam == Alaa humpito ko faati e mbaydi ndiyam baraas oo kono ina waawi siforeede no feewi. Maayooji Pongola ɓurɗi heewde pollugol ko mborosaaji ndema ɗi mbaɗata laawol mum en e nder maayo ngoo sabu huutoraade leydi ndii no feewi ngam ndema dow baraas oo. == Yiite laana galle == Sosiyetee Shayamanzi Houseboats mo Ballito ina jokki golle laanaaji diwooje e nder maayo Jozini. Ñalnde 9 oktoobar 2021 gooto e laanaaji ɗii, hono Shayamanzi I, yani e yiite, yani haa laaɓi caggal nde moteri bonɗo oo wuli no feewi. Nayi e nder laana kaa e turismaaɓe njoyo Almaañnaaɓe njippiima e ndiyam ɓuuɓɗam, ɗo yimɓe tato (2 e nder laana kaa e turist gooto) maayi, ɓe kollitii maayɓe, yimɓe woɗɓe ɓee meeɗaa yiyeede, ɓe kollitii maayɓe.<ref>"Lake Jozini boat fire survivors prepare to repatriate body to Germany amid pending legal action". TimesLIVE. Retrieved 18 December 2021.</ref> Sabaabu yiite ngee e waasde jogaade hakkille ina woni e wiɗto to fedde toppitiinde kisal geec to Afrik worgo (SAMSA). == Tuugnorgal == rzxu62p5alzot6gil591g2bd9l596ru 0 42440 175872 2026-06-23T09:29:41Z Sardeeq 14292 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1359258341|Adeleke Mamora]]" 175872 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Adeleke Olorunnimbe Mamora''' ( (Listen c ) ; jibinaa ko 16 feebariyee 1953) ko doktoor safroowo e politik Najeriya, o woniino jaagorgal ganndal e karallaagal gila 2022 haa 2023. O waɗii ko adii ɗuum ko jaagorgal dowla ngam cellal gila 2019 haa 2022. O woniino senaateer lomtotooɗo diiwaan Senator gila12 hooreejo suudu diidaaɗi lesdi Lagos diga hitaande 1999 haa 2003. O ɗon nder [[APC|kawtal hooreejo lesdi]] (APC). O woniino depiteejo ngenndiijo ngam kawtal lesdi Naajeeriya (NRC) nder hitaande 1990, nden o woni Sekereteer, Lagos Fuunaange nder lanyol Kongres Naajeeriya (UNCP) nder hitaande 1998. O suɓaama nder suudu joonde diidaaɗi lesdi Lagos nder hitaande 1999, o toɗɗaama hooreejo suudu joonde diidaaɗi lesdi Lagos. Ko kanko woni hooreejo kawral haalooɓe e hitaande 2000 haa 2001. Mamora suɓaama e Senaa e lewru abriil 2003, o suɓaama kadi e hitaande 2007. O woniino kadi tergal e Parlemaa Dental Faggudu Dowlaaji Afrik Hirnaange (CEDEAO) tuggi 2003 haa 2006. E hitaande 2003, o toɗɗaa hooreejo Goomu Senaa Primaasiyoŋ e Pevi Public on E. Caggal nde o arti e jooɗorde makko e nder Senaa e hitaande 2007, o toɗɗaa e goomuuji toppitiiɗi ngalu petroŋ dowri, Goomu suɓngo, Cellal e Karallaagal Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe & Geɗe hakkunde laamuuji. E nder ƴeewndo hakkundeejo Senatoruuji e lewru mee 2009, ThisDay hollitii wonde o wallitoriima kuule jowitiiɗe e jokkondire laamu, Surgeon-General leydi Najeriya e ittugol e waylude sariya jowitiiɗo e tuubakooɓe. O walli walla o walli e motionji ɗin hawtaade e gootel ngam waylugo kuugal Senaa 111 ngam waɗuki ɗum dow ko laarani doosɗe lesdi Naajeeriya. Mamora siforaama ko jaagorgal laabi parlemaa. [1] == Nguurndam e jaŋde puɗɗagol == Mamora jibinaa ko ñalnde 16 feebariyee 1953. O heɓi B.Sc., gannde cellal, Baccalauréat e safaara e Baccalauréat e seppo (MBBS) to Duɗal Jaaɓihaaɗtirde Ife, Ile-Ife o wonti Doktoor Cellal. O woniino gardiiɗo safaara e nokku safaara (1987-1998), e wasiyanke safaara sosiyetee (1988-1992). == Tuugnorgal == [[Category:Yimɓe wuurɓe]] gtgade7k065p2gl041u0vq1gplz5i6r 175875 175872 2026-06-23T09:30:35Z Sardeeq 14292 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1359258341|Adeleke Mamora]]" 175875 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Adeleke Olorunnimbe Mamora''' ( (Listen c ) ; jibinaa ko 16 feebariyee 1953) ko doktoor safroowo e politik Najeriya, o woniino jaagorgal ganndal e karallaagal gila 2022 haa 2023. O waɗii ko adii ɗuum ko jaagorgal dowla ngam cellal gila 2019 haa 2022. O woniino senaateer lomtotooɗo diiwaan Senator gila12 hooreejo suudu diidaaɗi lesdi Lagos diga hitaande 1999 haa 2003. O ɗon nder [[APC|kawtal hooreejo lesdi]] (APC). <ref>"Sen. Adeleke Olurunnimbe Mamora". National Assembly of Nigeria. Archived from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 14 June 2010</ref> O woniino depiteejo ngenndiijo ngam kawtal lesdi Naajeeriya (NRC) nder hitaande 1990, nden o woni Sekereteer, Lagos Fuunaange nder lanyol Kongres Naajeeriya (UNCP) nder hitaande 1998. O suɓaama nder suudu joonde diidaaɗi lesdi Lagos nder hitaande 1999, o toɗɗaama hooreejo suudu joonde diidaaɗi lesdi Lagos. Ko kanko woni hooreejo kawral haalooɓe e hitaande 2000 haa 2001. Mamora suɓaama e Senaa e lewru abriil 2003, o suɓaama kadi e hitaande 2007. O woniino kadi tergal e Parlemaa Dental Faggudu Dowlaaji Afrik Hirnaange (CEDEAO) tuggi 2003 haa 2006. E hitaande 2003, o toɗɗaa hooreejo Goomu Senaa Primaasiyoŋ e Pevi Public on E. Caggal nde o arti e jooɗorde makko e nder Senaa e hitaande 2007, o toɗɗaa e goomuuji toppitiiɗi ngalu petroŋ dowri, Goomu suɓngo, Cellal e Karallaagal Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe & Geɗe hakkunde laamuuji. E nder ƴeewndo hakkundeejo Senatoruuji e lewru mee 2009, ThisDay hollitii wonde o wallitoriima kuule jowitiiɗe e jokkondire laamu, Surgeon-General leydi Najeriya e ittugol e waylude sariya jowitiiɗo e tuubakooɓe. O walli walla o walli e motionji ɗin hawtaade e gootel ngam waylugo kuugal Senaa 111 ngam waɗuki ɗum dow ko laarani doosɗe lesdi Naajeeriya. Mamora siforaama ko jaagorgal laabi parlemaa. [1] == Nguurndam e jaŋde puɗɗagol == Mamora jibinaa ko ñalnde 16 feebariyee 1953. O heɓi B.Sc., gannde cellal, Baccalauréat e safaara e Baccalauréat e seppo (MBBS) to Duɗal Jaaɓihaaɗtirde Ife, Ile-Ife o wonti Doktoor Cellal. O woniino gardiiɗo safaara e nokku safaara (1987-1998), e wasiyanke safaara sosiyetee (1988-1992). == Tuugnorgal == [[Category:Yimɓe wuurɓe]] rh9o84is552ui3gnms76y5o4sv0vau6 175877 175875 2026-06-23T09:31:14Z Sardeeq 14292 175877 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Adeleke Olorunnimbe Mamora''' ( (Listen c ) ; jibinaa ko 16 feebariyee 1953) ko doktoor safroowo e politik Najeriya, o woniino jaagorgal ganndal e karallaagal gila 2022 haa 2023. O waɗii ko adii ɗuum ko jaagorgal dowla ngam cellal gila 2019 haa 2022. O woniino senaateer lomtotooɗo diiwaan Senator gila12 hooreejo suudu diidaaɗi lesdi Lagos diga hitaande 1999 haa 2003. O ɗon nder [[APC|kawtal hooreejo lesdi]] (APC). <ref>"Sen. Adeleke Olurunnimbe Mamora". National Assembly of Nigeria. Archived from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 14 June 2010</ref> O woniino depiteejo ngenndiijo ngam kawtal lesdi Naajeeriya (NRC) nder hitaande 1990, nden o woni Sekereteer, Lagos Fuunaange nder lanyol Kongres Naajeeriya (UNCP) nder hitaande 1998. O suɓaama nder suudu joonde diidaaɗi lesdi Lagos nder hitaande 1999, o toɗɗaama hooreejo suudu joonde diidaaɗi lesdi Lagos. Ko kanko woni hooreejo kawral haalooɓe e hitaande 2000 haa 2001. Mamora suɓaama e Senaa e lewru abriil 2003, o suɓaama kadi e hitaande 2007. O woniino kadi tergal e Parlemaa Dental Faggudu Dowlaaji Afrik Hirnaange (CEDEAO) tuggi 2003 haa 2006. E hitaande 2003, o toɗɗaa hooreejo Goomu Senaa Primaasiyoŋ e Pevi Public on E. Caggal nde o arti e jooɗorde makko e nder Senaa e hitaande 2007, o toɗɗaa e goomuuji toppitiiɗi ngalu petroŋ dowri, Goomu suɓngo, Cellal e Karallaagal Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe & Geɗe hakkunde laamuuji. E nder ƴeewndo hakkundeejo Senatoruuji e lewru mee 2009, ThisDay hollitii wonde o wallitoriima kuule jowitiiɗe e jokkondire laamu, Surgeon-General leydi Najeriya e ittugol e waylude sariya jowitiiɗo e tuubakooɓe. O walli walla o walli e motionji ɗin hawtaade e gootel ngam waylugo kuugal Senaa 111 ngam waɗuki ɗum dow ko laarani doosɗe lesdi Naajeeriya. Mamora siforaama ko jaagorgal laabi parlemaa. [1] == Nguurndam e jaŋde puɗɗagol == Mamora jibinaa ko ñalnde 16 feebariyee 1953. O heɓi B.Sc., gannde cellal, Baccalauréat e safaara e Baccalauréat e seppo (MBBS) to Duɗal Jaaɓihaaɗtirde Ife, Ile-Ife o wonti Doktoor Cellal. O woniino gardiiɗo safaara e nokku safaara (1987-1998), e wasiyanke safaara sosiyetee (1988-1992). == Tuugnorgal == [[Category:Yimɓe wuurɓe]] 312uj4z6d4eb122goit7ky37gk7nuls 0 42441 175879 2026-06-23T09:32:18Z Sardeeq 14292 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1359942424|Iheanacho Obioma]]" 175879 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Iheanacho Obioma''' // c ko o dawriyanke leydi Najeriya, tergal e Asaambele ngenndi 4ɓo, lomtotooɗo diiwaan Ikwuano / [[Umuahia North|Umuahia Fuɗnaange]] / Umuahia Fuɗnaange to diiwaan Abia e les njiimaandi lannda Demokaraasi Yimɓe hakkunde 1999 e 2003. Caggal mum o yahi haa o dañi jooɗorde e nder Senaa Naajeeriya ngam wallitde diiwaan Senaa Abia Central les njiimaandi All Progressives Congress ngam haɓaade guwerneer jooɗiiɗo e oon sahaa biyeteeɗo Theodore Orji . [1] [2] == Ƴeew kadi == * Delegaasiyoŋ leydi Naajeeriya ummoriiɗo Abia == Tuugnorgal == [[Category:Yimɓe wuurɓe]] 4s1jxr0l29p62e29n7hjeb75qbn5x86 175880 175879 2026-06-23T09:33:29Z Sardeeq 14292 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1359942424|Iheanacho Obioma]]" 175880 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Iheanacho Obioma''' // c ko o dawriyanke leydi Najeriya, tergal e Asaambele ngenndi 4ɓo, lomtotooɗo diiwaan Ikwuano / [[Umuahia North|Umuahia Fuɗnaange]] / Umuahia Fuɗnaange to diiwaan Abia e les njiimaandi lannda Demokaraasi Yimɓe hakkunde 1999 e 2003. Caggal mum o yahi haa o dañi jooɗorde e nder Senaa Naajeeriya ngam wallitde diiwaan Senaa Abia Central les njiimaandi All Progressives Congress ngam haɓaade guwerneer jooɗiiɗo e oon sahaa biyeteeɗo Theodore Orji . [1] [2]<ref>ABIA STATE: List of PDP aspirants for House of representatives". Emma Aziken. South East Nigeria. 5 December 2014. Retrieved 2015-07-04</ref> == Ƴeew kadi == * Delegaasiyoŋ leydi Naajeeriya ummoriiɗo Abia == Tuugnorgal == [[Category:Yimɓe wuurɓe]] 567mtpyyn9ssh4pkmerfhqjq418ksc9 0 42442 175882 2026-06-23T09:35:37Z Nnamadee 11577 Created page with "'''Maayo Bu Sellam''' (e ɗemngal Kabail: Asif n Busellam), ko maayo diiwaan Magreb to leydi Alseri, e nder diiwaan Borj Bu Arrerij.[1] [2] Maayo ngo ina rewi e falnde Bou Sellam, ina haɗa ɗum e baraas Ain Zada.[3] == Limtol == Basin Bou Sellam ina udditii to bannge worgo, gila ɗo maayo ngoo hawri e Oued Sahel, to tufnde Gueldamane. Wadi Bou Sellam ina jippoo e ŋoral fuɗnaange tufnde Megris ; Nde waɗi ko maayooji joy, hono Wadi Mahowan, Wadi Mohammed el Hannach, W..." 175882 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Maayo Bu Sellam''' (e ɗemngal Kabail: Asif n Busellam), ko maayo diiwaan Magreb to leydi Alseri, e nder diiwaan Borj Bu Arrerij.[1] [2] Maayo ngo ina rewi e falnde Bou Sellam, ina haɗa ɗum e baraas Ain Zada.[3] == Limtol == Basin Bou Sellam ina udditii to bannge worgo, gila ɗo maayo ngoo hawri e Oued Sahel, to tufnde Gueldamane. Wadi Bou Sellam ina jippoo e ŋoral fuɗnaange tufnde Megris ; Nde waɗi ko maayooji joy, hono Wadi Mahowan, Wadi Mohammed el Hannach, Wadi Ouricia, Wadi Goussimet e Wadi Fermatou, ɗi kawri to fuɗnaange Setif. Maayo ngoo noon ƴetti innde Oued Bu Sellam ; Nde dogata ko adii fuɗnaange-rewo-fuɗnaange, nde rewa kilooji tati fuɗnaange Setif, nde taƴa cakkital ngal nde ƴettata iwdi mayre hakkunde djebel Tafat e Guergour. Oued Bou Sellam ina jaɓɓoo wadi Malah, ina nawta ɓuuɓri mum to Aïn Arnat e nder baraas Aïn Zada. Caggal nde tacci baraas Aïn Zada, nde tacci komin Khelil to fuɗnaange, nde heɓi ɓulli ɗiɗi kesi, Wadi Khelil, ummortooɗi e daande maayo nano to Besbassa hakkunde El Kherba e baraas Aïn Zada ​​e wadi Taissa ko adii ɗuum ko juuti to bannge ñaamo. E nder ndee feccere course fof, Bou Sellam ina ndiyam e nder ladde alɗunde Ameur, Ouled Mosli e Gherazla. Gila e ŋoral Guergour, ko luutndii ɗum, ina ilna e leydi ɓuuɓndi no feewi, ina yettoo e daande maayo Guifsar, ina wirnoo no feewi bannge worgo, ina ilna e nder wadi Sahel fa’de e ŋoral Akbou. == Tarde == Maayo Oued Bou Sellam ina waɗi 36% e liɗɗi ndiyam nder leydi Alseri (15 liɗɗi).[4] == Tuugnorgal == tprlss7tx0jwd5deixoiskvx5mfqntw 175883 175882 2026-06-23T09:35:55Z Nnamadee 11577 175883 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Maayo Bu Sellam''' (e ɗemngal Kabail: Asif n Busellam), ko maayo diiwaan Magreb to leydi Alseri, e nder diiwaan Borj Bu Arrerij.[1] [2] Maayo ngo ina rewi e falnde Bou Sellam, ina haɗa ɗum e baraas Ain Zada.[3] == Limtol == Basin Bou Sellam ina udditii to bannge worgo, gila ɗo maayo ngoo hawri e Oued Sahel, to tufnde Gueldamane. Wadi Bou Sellam ina jippoo e ŋoral fuɗnaange tufnde Megris ; Nde waɗi ko maayooji joy, hono Wadi Mahowan, Wadi Mohammed el Hannach, Wadi Ouricia, Wadi Goussimet e Wadi Fermatou, ɗi kawri to fuɗnaange Setif. Maayo ngoo noon ƴetti innde Oued Bu Sellam ; Nde dogata ko adii fuɗnaange-rewo-fuɗnaange, nde rewa kilooji tati fuɗnaange Setif, nde taƴa cakkital ngal nde ƴettata iwdi mayre hakkunde djebel Tafat e Guergour. Oued Bou Sellam ina jaɓɓoo wadi Malah, ina nawta ɓuuɓri mum to Aïn Arnat e nder baraas Aïn Zada. Caggal nde tacci baraas Aïn Zada, nde tacci komin Khelil to fuɗnaange, nde heɓi ɓulli ɗiɗi kesi, Wadi Khelil, ummortooɗi e daande maayo nano to Besbassa hakkunde El Kherba e baraas Aïn Zada ​​e wadi Taissa ko adii ɗuum ko juuti to bannge ñaamo. E nder ndee feccere course fof, Bou Sellam ina ndiyam e nder ladde alɗunde Ameur, Ouled Mosli e Gherazla. Gila e ŋoral Guergour, ko luutndii ɗum, ina ilna e leydi ɓuuɓndi no feewi, ina yettoo e daande maayo Guifsar, ina wirnoo no feewi bannge worgo, ina ilna e nder wadi Sahel fa’de e ŋoral Akbou. == Tarde == Maayo Oued Bou Sellam ina waɗi 36% e liɗɗi ndiyam nder leydi Alseri (15 liɗɗi).[4] == Tuugnorgal == 5m33u6xckgnyl8rv9pixno1ga1viy7l 175884 175883 2026-06-23T09:37:10Z Nnamadee 11577 175884 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Maayo Bu Sellam''' (e ɗemngal Kabail: Asif n Busellam), ko maayo diiwaan Magreb to leydi Alseri, e nder diiwaan Borj Bu Arrerij.<ref>Rand McNally, The New International Atlas, 1993.</ref> Maayo ngo ina rewi e falnde Bou Sellam, ina haɗa ɗum e baraas Ain Zada.[3] == Limtol == Basin Bou Sellam ina udditii to bannge worgo, gila ɗo maayo ngoo hawri e Oued Sahel, to tufnde Gueldamane. Wadi Bou Sellam ina jippoo e ŋoral fuɗnaange tufnde Megris ; Nde waɗi ko maayooji joy, hono Wadi Mahowan, Wadi Mohammed el Hannach, Wadi Ouricia, Wadi Goussimet e Wadi Fermatou, ɗi kawri to fuɗnaange Setif. Maayo ngoo noon ƴetti innde Oued Bu Sellam ; Nde dogata ko adii fuɗnaange-rewo-fuɗnaange, nde rewa kilooji tati fuɗnaange Setif, nde taƴa cakkital ngal nde ƴettata iwdi mayre hakkunde djebel Tafat e Guergour. Oued Bou Sellam ina jaɓɓoo wadi Malah, ina nawta ɓuuɓri mum to Aïn Arnat e nder baraas Aïn Zada. Caggal nde tacci baraas Aïn Zada, nde tacci komin Khelil to fuɗnaange, nde heɓi ɓulli ɗiɗi kesi, Wadi Khelil, ummortooɗi e daande maayo nano to Besbassa hakkunde El Kherba e baraas Aïn Zada ​​e wadi Taissa ko adii ɗuum ko juuti to bannge ñaamo. E nder ndee feccere course fof, Bou Sellam ina ndiyam e nder ladde alɗunde Ameur, Ouled Mosli e Gherazla. Gila e ŋoral Guergour, ko luutndii ɗum, ina ilna e leydi ɓuuɓndi no feewi, ina yettoo e daande maayo Guifsar, ina wirnoo no feewi bannge worgo, ina ilna e nder wadi Sahel fa’de e ŋoral Akbou. == Tarde == Maayo Oued Bou Sellam ina waɗi 36% e liɗɗi ndiyam nder leydi Alseri (15 liɗɗi).[4] == Tuugnorgal == hzx4mye56k8z2zksfip3ck82oc6tq7l 175887 175884 2026-06-23T09:38:50Z Nnamadee 11577 175887 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Maayo Bu Sellam''' (e ɗemngal Kabail: Asif n Busellam), ko maayo diiwaan Magreb to leydi Alseri, e nder diiwaan Borj Bu Arrerij.<ref>Rand McNally, The New International Atlas, 1993.</ref><ref>Defense Mapping Agency, 1981.</ref> Maayo ngo ina rewi e falnde Bou Sellam, ina haɗa ɗum e baraas Ain Zada.[3] == Limtol == Basin Bou Sellam ina udditii to bannge worgo, gila ɗo maayo ngoo hawri e Oued Sahel, to tufnde Gueldamane. Wadi Bou Sellam ina jippoo e ŋoral fuɗnaange tufnde Megris ; Nde waɗi ko maayooji joy, hono Wadi Mahowan, Wadi Mohammed el Hannach, Wadi Ouricia, Wadi Goussimet e Wadi Fermatou, ɗi kawri to fuɗnaange Setif. Maayo ngoo noon ƴetti innde Oued Bu Sellam ; Nde dogata ko adii fuɗnaange-rewo-fuɗnaange, nde rewa kilooji tati fuɗnaange Setif, nde taƴa cakkital ngal nde ƴettata iwdi mayre hakkunde djebel Tafat e Guergour. Oued Bou Sellam ina jaɓɓoo wadi Malah, ina nawta ɓuuɓri mum to Aïn Arnat e nder baraas Aïn Zada. Caggal nde tacci baraas Aïn Zada, nde tacci komin Khelil to fuɗnaange, nde heɓi ɓulli ɗiɗi kesi, Wadi Khelil, ummortooɗi e daande maayo nano to Besbassa hakkunde El Kherba e baraas Aïn Zada ​​e wadi Taissa ko adii ɗuum ko juuti to bannge ñaamo. E nder ndee feccere course fof, Bou Sellam ina ndiyam e nder ladde alɗunde Ameur, Ouled Mosli e Gherazla. Gila e ŋoral Guergour, ko luutndii ɗum, ina ilna e leydi ɓuuɓndi no feewi, ina yettoo e daande maayo Guifsar, ina wirnoo no feewi bannge worgo, ina ilna e nder wadi Sahel fa’de e ŋoral Akbou. == Tarde == Maayo Oued Bou Sellam ina waɗi 36% e liɗɗi ndiyam nder leydi Alseri (15 liɗɗi).[4] == Tuugnorgal == iualbdzli8og6tj2egkl9tan9ym14kx 175890 175887 2026-06-23T09:40:52Z Nnamadee 11577 175890 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Maayo Bu Sellam''' (e ɗemngal Kabail: Asif n Busellam), ko maayo diiwaan Magreb to leydi Alseri, e nder diiwaan Borj Bu Arrerij.<ref>Rand McNally, The New International Atlas, 1993.</ref><ref>Defense Mapping Agency, 1981.</ref> Maayo ngo ina rewi e falnde Bou Sellam, ina haɗa ɗum e baraas Ain Zada.<ref>"Ain Zada". Hidrotehnika-Hidroenergetika. Retrieved 22 August 2011.</ref> == Limtol == Basin Bou Sellam ina udditii to bannge worgo, gila ɗo maayo ngoo hawri e Oued Sahel, to tufnde Gueldamane. Wadi Bou Sellam ina jippoo e ŋoral fuɗnaange tufnde Megris ; Nde waɗi ko maayooji joy, hono Wadi Mahowan, Wadi Mohammed el Hannach, Wadi Ouricia, Wadi Goussimet e Wadi Fermatou, ɗi kawri to fuɗnaange Setif. Maayo ngoo noon ƴetti innde Oued Bu Sellam ; Nde dogata ko adii fuɗnaange-rewo-fuɗnaange, nde rewa kilooji tati fuɗnaange Setif, nde taƴa cakkital ngal nde ƴettata iwdi mayre hakkunde djebel Tafat e Guergour. Oued Bou Sellam ina jaɓɓoo wadi Malah, ina nawta ɓuuɓri mum to Aïn Arnat e nder baraas Aïn Zada. Caggal nde tacci baraas Aïn Zada, nde tacci komin Khelil to fuɗnaange, nde heɓi ɓulli ɗiɗi kesi, Wadi Khelil, ummortooɗi e daande maayo nano to Besbassa hakkunde El Kherba e baraas Aïn Zada ​​e wadi Taissa ko adii ɗuum ko juuti to bannge ñaamo. E nder ndee feccere course fof, Bou Sellam ina ndiyam e nder ladde alɗunde Ameur, Ouled Mosli e Gherazla. Gila e ŋoral Guergour, ko luutndii ɗum, ina ilna e leydi ɓuuɓndi no feewi, ina yettoo e daande maayo Guifsar, ina wirnoo no feewi bannge worgo, ina ilna e nder wadi Sahel fa’de e ŋoral Akbou. == Tarde == Maayo Oued Bou Sellam ina waɗi 36% e liɗɗi ndiyam nder leydi Alseri (15 liɗɗi).[4] == Tuugnorgal == ldr3eua9jd1w5xdvk7qja255uzpwvqp 175892 175890 2026-06-23T09:41:51Z Nnamadee 11577 175892 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Maayo Bu Sellam''' (e ɗemngal Kabail: Asif n Busellam), ko maayo diiwaan Magreb to leydi Alseri, e nder diiwaan Borj Bu Arrerij.<ref>Rand McNally, The New International Atlas, 1993.</ref><ref>Defense Mapping Agency, 1981.</ref> Maayo ngo ina rewi e falnde Bou Sellam, ina haɗa ɗum e baraas Ain Zada.<ref>"Ain Zada". Hidrotehnika-Hidroenergetika. Retrieved 22 August 2011.</ref> == Limtol == Basin Bou Sellam ina udditii to bannge worgo, gila ɗo maayo ngoo hawri e Oued Sahel, to tufnde Gueldamane. Wadi Bou Sellam ina jippoo e ŋoral fuɗnaange tufnde Megris ; Nde waɗi ko maayooji joy, hono Wadi Mahowan, Wadi Mohammed el Hannach, Wadi Ouricia, Wadi Goussimet e Wadi Fermatou, ɗi kawri to fuɗnaange Setif. Maayo ngoo noon ƴetti innde Oued Bu Sellam ; Nde dogata ko adii fuɗnaange-rewo-fuɗnaange, nde rewa kilooji tati fuɗnaange Setif, nde taƴa cakkital ngal nde ƴettata iwdi mayre hakkunde djebel Tafat e Guergour. Oued Bou Sellam ina jaɓɓoo wadi Malah, ina nawta ɓuuɓri mum to Aïn Arnat e nder baraas Aïn Zada. Caggal nde tacci baraas Aïn Zada, nde tacci komin Khelil to fuɗnaange, nde heɓi ɓulli ɗiɗi kesi, Wadi Khelil, ummortooɗi e daande maayo nano to Besbassa hakkunde El Kherba e baraas Aïn Zada ​​e wadi Taissa ko adii ɗuum ko juuti to bannge ñaamo. E nder ndee feccere course fof, Bou Sellam ina ndiyam e nder ladde alɗunde Ameur, Ouled Mosli e Gherazla. Gila e ŋoral Guergour, ko luutndii ɗum, ina ilna e leydi ɓuuɓndi no feewi, ina yettoo e daande maayo Guifsar, ina wirnoo no feewi bannge worgo, ina ilna e nder wadi Sahel fa’de e ŋoral Akbou. == Tarde == Maayo Oued Bou Sellam ina waɗi 36% e liɗɗi ndiyam nder leydi Alseri (15 liɗɗi).<ref>"Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2014-03-13. Retrieved 2017-06-22.</ref> == Tuugnorgal == i7h6vts8b01o876pz2v54v7cn33onzy 175893 175892 2026-06-23T09:43:26Z Nnamadee 11577 175893 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:Soummam Basin OSM.png|thumb|right|The [[Soummam River]] basin with the Bou Sellam (right)]] '''Maayo Bu Sellam''' (e ɗemngal Kabail: Asif n Busellam), ko maayo diiwaan Magreb to leydi Alseri, e nder diiwaan Borj Bu Arrerij.<ref>Rand McNally, The New International Atlas, 1993.</ref><ref>Defense Mapping Agency, 1981.</ref> Maayo ngo ina rewi e falnde Bou Sellam, ina haɗa ɗum e baraas Ain Zada.<ref>"Ain Zada". Hidrotehnika-Hidroenergetika. Retrieved 22 August 2011.</ref> == Limtol == Basin Bou Sellam ina udditii to bannge worgo, gila ɗo maayo ngoo hawri e Oued Sahel, to tufnde Gueldamane. Wadi Bou Sellam ina jippoo e ŋoral fuɗnaange tufnde Megris ; Nde waɗi ko maayooji joy, hono Wadi Mahowan, Wadi Mohammed el Hannach, Wadi Ouricia, Wadi Goussimet e Wadi Fermatou, ɗi kawri to fuɗnaange Setif. Maayo ngoo noon ƴetti innde Oued Bu Sellam ; Nde dogata ko adii fuɗnaange-rewo-fuɗnaange, nde rewa kilooji tati fuɗnaange Setif, nde taƴa cakkital ngal nde ƴettata iwdi mayre hakkunde djebel Tafat e Guergour. Oued Bou Sellam ina jaɓɓoo wadi Malah, ina nawta ɓuuɓri mum to Aïn Arnat e nder baraas Aïn Zada. Caggal nde tacci baraas Aïn Zada, nde tacci komin Khelil to fuɗnaange, nde heɓi ɓulli ɗiɗi kesi, Wadi Khelil, ummortooɗi e daande maayo nano to Besbassa hakkunde El Kherba e baraas Aïn Zada ​​e wadi Taissa ko adii ɗuum ko juuti to bannge ñaamo. E nder ndee feccere course fof, Bou Sellam ina ndiyam e nder ladde alɗunde Ameur, Ouled Mosli e Gherazla. Gila e ŋoral Guergour, ko luutndii ɗum, ina ilna e leydi ɓuuɓndi no feewi, ina yettoo e daande maayo Guifsar, ina wirnoo no feewi bannge worgo, ina ilna e nder wadi Sahel fa’de e ŋoral Akbou. == Tarde == Maayo Oued Bou Sellam ina waɗi 36% e liɗɗi ndiyam nder leydi Alseri (15 liɗɗi).<ref>"Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2014-03-13. Retrieved 2017-06-22.</ref> == Tuugnorgal == jsbmng1ml8fe41qwgv3l3501pp6kwzj 0 42443 175885 2026-06-23T09:37:50Z Isa Oumar 9821 Created page with "'''Nimi Dimkpa Briggs''' (22 feebariyee 1944 – 10 abriil 2023) ko ganndo, ganndo, jannginoowo mawɗo to bannge jibinannde e rewɓe. == Jaangirde == Briggs heɓi jaŋde mum adannde ko to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Nyemoni to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Baptist to Port Harcourt. Caggal ɗuum, o naati to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde laamu Umuahia ɗo o timmini jaŋde makko hakkundeere. E lewru Juko hitaande 1969, o heɓi dipolomaaji makko ɗiɗaɓiri to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde L..." 175885 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Nimi Dimkpa Briggs''' (22 feebariyee 1944 – 10 abriil 2023) ko ganndo, ganndo, jannginoowo mawɗo to bannge jibinannde e rewɓe. == Jaangirde == Briggs heɓi jaŋde mum adannde ko to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Nyemoni to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Baptist to Port Harcourt. Caggal ɗuum, o naati to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde laamu Umuahia ɗo o timmini jaŋde makko hakkundeere. E lewru Juko hitaande 1969, o heɓi dipolomaaji makko ɗiɗaɓiri to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Lagos, leydi Najeriya.<ref name="tide1">{{cite news|url=http://www.thetidenewsonline.com/2014/05/29/developing-a-nation-is-a-complex-task-prof-nimi-briggs/|title=Developing A Nation Is A Complex Task- Prof Nimi Briggs|date=29 May 2014|location=[[Port Harcourt]]|access-date=26 December 2014|newspaper=[[The Tide (Nigeria)|The Tide]]}}</ref><ref name="tide12">{{cite news|url=http://www.thetidenewsonline.com/2014/05/29/developing-a-nation-is-a-complex-task-prof-nimi-briggs/|title=Developing A Nation Is A Complex Task- Prof Nimi Briggs|date=29 May 2014|location=[[Port Harcourt]]|access-date=26 December 2014|newspaper=[[The Tide (Nigeria)|The Tide]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://dailypost.ng/2023/04/10/former-vice-chancellor-university-of-portharcourt-prof-nimi-briggs-dies-at-79/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|title=Former Vice Chancellor, University of PortHarcourt, Prof Nimi Briggs dies at 79|first=Ifunanya|last=Obeme-Ndukwe|date=10 April 2023|newspaper=[[Daily Post (Nigeria)|Daily Post]]}}</ref> == Kugal == Briggs woniino cukko hooreejo duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Port Harcourt laabi ɗiɗi. <ref name="nimi">{{cite news|url=http://www.sunnewsonline.com/new/?p=55383|location=Lagos, Nigeria|title=Torrent of tributes as Briggs marks 70|newspaper=[[The Sun (Nigeria)|The Sun]]|date=8 March 2014|access-date=26 December 2014}}</ref><ref name="nimi2">{{cite news|url=http://www.sunnewsonline.com/new/?p=55383|location=Lagos, Nigeria|title=Torrent of tributes as Briggs marks 70|newspaper=[[The Sun (Nigeria)|The Sun]]|date=8 March 2014|access-date=26 December 2014}}</ref>Arandeere, bana cukko hooreejo janngirde nden diga hitaande 1995 haa 1996, ko adi o toɗɗaama fahin nder hitaande 2000 o huuwi haa hitaande 2005. O laati hooreejo goomu cukko hooreejo janngirde mawnde lesdi Naajeeriya, nden o laati hooreejo hukuumaaji pamari lesdi Naajeeriya. Hakkunde 2007 e 2008, o toɗɗaa hooreejo fedde toppitiinde faggudu leydi Rivers e fedde renndoyankoore leydi Rivers kam e kadi, gardiiɗo nokku toppitiiɗo cellal e ƴellitaare, duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Port Harcourt.<ref name="tide13">{{cite news|url=http://www.thetidenewsonline.com/2014/05/29/developing-a-nation-is-a-complex-task-prof-nimi-briggs/|title=Developing A Nation Is A Complex Task- Prof Nimi Briggs|date=29 May 2014|location=[[Port Harcourt]]|access-date=26 December 2014|newspaper=[[The Tide (Nigeria)|The Tide]]}}</ref> == Wade == Nimi Briggs sankii ko ñalnde 10 abriil 2023, tawi ina yahra e duuɓi 79.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://dailypost.ng/2023/04/10/former-vice-chancellor-university-of-portharcourt-prof-nimi-briggs-dies-at-79/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|title=Former Vice Chancellor, University of PortHarcourt, Prof Nimi Briggs dies at 79|first=Ifunanya|last=Obeme-Ndukwe|date=10 April 2023|newspaper=[[Daily Post (Nigeria)|Daily Post]]}}</ref> == Ƴeew kadi == Doggol yimɓe ummoriiɓe to Rivers State == Tuugnorgal == fctxln49gz4aru00un8en42cxw2k3ln 175886 175885 2026-06-23T09:38:18Z Isa Oumar 9821 175886 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}'''Nimi Dimkpa Briggs''' (22 feebariyee 1944 – 10 abriil 2023) ko ganndo, ganndo, jannginoowo mawɗo to bannge jibinannde e rewɓe. == Jaangirde == Briggs heɓi jaŋde mum adannde ko to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Nyemoni to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Baptist to Port Harcourt. Caggal ɗuum, o naati to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde laamu Umuahia ɗo o timmini jaŋde makko hakkundeere. E lewru Juko hitaande 1969, o heɓi dipolomaaji makko ɗiɗaɓiri to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Lagos, leydi Najeriya.<ref name="tide1">{{cite news|url=http://www.thetidenewsonline.com/2014/05/29/developing-a-nation-is-a-complex-task-prof-nimi-briggs/|title=Developing A Nation Is A Complex Task- Prof Nimi Briggs|date=29 May 2014|location=[[Port Harcourt]]|access-date=26 December 2014|newspaper=[[The Tide (Nigeria)|The Tide]]}}</ref><ref name="tide12">{{cite news|url=http://www.thetidenewsonline.com/2014/05/29/developing-a-nation-is-a-complex-task-prof-nimi-briggs/|title=Developing A Nation Is A Complex Task- Prof Nimi Briggs|date=29 May 2014|location=[[Port Harcourt]]|access-date=26 December 2014|newspaper=[[The Tide (Nigeria)|The Tide]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://dailypost.ng/2023/04/10/former-vice-chancellor-university-of-portharcourt-prof-nimi-briggs-dies-at-79/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|title=Former Vice Chancellor, University of PortHarcourt, Prof Nimi Briggs dies at 79|first=Ifunanya|last=Obeme-Ndukwe|date=10 April 2023|newspaper=[[Daily Post (Nigeria)|Daily Post]]}}</ref> == Kugal == Briggs woniino cukko hooreejo duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Port Harcourt laabi ɗiɗi. <ref name="nimi">{{cite news|url=http://www.sunnewsonline.com/new/?p=55383|location=Lagos, Nigeria|title=Torrent of tributes as Briggs marks 70|newspaper=[[The Sun (Nigeria)|The Sun]]|date=8 March 2014|access-date=26 December 2014}}</ref><ref name="nimi2">{{cite news|url=http://www.sunnewsonline.com/new/?p=55383|location=Lagos, Nigeria|title=Torrent of tributes as Briggs marks 70|newspaper=[[The Sun (Nigeria)|The Sun]]|date=8 March 2014|access-date=26 December 2014}}</ref>Arandeere, bana cukko hooreejo janngirde nden diga hitaande 1995 haa 1996, ko adi o toɗɗaama fahin nder hitaande 2000 o huuwi haa hitaande 2005. O laati hooreejo goomu cukko hooreejo janngirde mawnde lesdi Naajeeriya, nden o laati hooreejo hukuumaaji pamari lesdi Naajeeriya. Hakkunde 2007 e 2008, o toɗɗaa hooreejo fedde toppitiinde faggudu leydi Rivers e fedde renndoyankoore leydi Rivers kam e kadi, gardiiɗo nokku toppitiiɗo cellal e ƴellitaare, duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Port Harcourt.<ref name="tide13">{{cite news|url=http://www.thetidenewsonline.com/2014/05/29/developing-a-nation-is-a-complex-task-prof-nimi-briggs/|title=Developing A Nation Is A Complex Task- Prof Nimi Briggs|date=29 May 2014|location=[[Port Harcourt]]|access-date=26 December 2014|newspaper=[[The Tide (Nigeria)|The Tide]]}}</ref> == Wade == Nimi Briggs sankii ko ñalnde 10 abriil 2023, tawi ina yahra e duuɓi 79.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://dailypost.ng/2023/04/10/former-vice-chancellor-university-of-portharcourt-prof-nimi-briggs-dies-at-79/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|title=Former Vice Chancellor, University of PortHarcourt, Prof Nimi Briggs dies at 79|first=Ifunanya|last=Obeme-Ndukwe|date=10 April 2023|newspaper=[[Daily Post (Nigeria)|Daily Post]]}}</ref> == Ƴeew kadi == Doggol yimɓe ummoriiɓe to Rivers State == Tuugnorgal == 2nvqbcjskk6z5n58zahhhzm70ziyktt 0 42444 175888 2026-06-23T09:39:57Z Sirjat 14855 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1194143780|Sebaou River]]" 175888 wikitext text/x-wiki Maayo '''Sebaou''', walla '''Oued Sebaou''' ( ''Asif n Sabaw'' e ɗemngal Kabyle, ''Wād Sībāw'' walla ''Wād Nissa'' e ɗemngal Arab ) ko [[Wokiro River|maayo]] mawngo e nder diiwaan Kabyli hirnaange [[Aljeri|Alseri]] (ko ɓuri heewde e diiwaan Tizi Ouzou hannde oo e nder wuro Provin . [[File:Vallée_du_Haut_Sebaou.JPG|right|thumb|Falnde Sebaou toownde]] Sebaou kadi ko innde nde ɓe ndokkata falnde nde ooɗoo maayo taƴata ummoraade Boubhir haa Dellys . Innde maggal ina renndini wuro ngoo e gonnooɗo fort Ottomaan en biyeteeɗo Bordj Sebaou, e daande maggal. == Tuugnorgal == 3hzmswg2bsn8i3rf2f12bwnhls861os 175889 175888 2026-06-23T09:40:13Z Sirjat 14855 175889 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} Maayo '''Sebaou''', walla '''Oued Sebaou''' ( ''Asif n Sabaw'' e ɗemngal Kabyle, ''Wād Sībāw'' walla ''Wād Nissa'' e ɗemngal Arab ) ko [[Wokiro River|maayo]] mawngo e nder diiwaan Kabyli hirnaange [[Aljeri|Alseri]] (ko ɓuri heewde e diiwaan Tizi Ouzou hannde oo e nder wuro Provin . [[File:Vallée_du_Haut_Sebaou.JPG|right|thumb|Falnde Sebaou toownde]] Sebaou kadi ko innde nde ɓe ndokkata falnde nde ooɗoo maayo taƴata ummoraade Boubhir haa Dellys . Innde maggal ina renndini wuro ngoo e gonnooɗo fort Ottomaan en biyeteeɗo Bordj Sebaou, e daande maggal. == Tuugnorgal == gm7rs5uukwy31jtvv7u5sd62gi4z9qc 0 42445 175891 2026-06-23T09:40:57Z Sardeeq 14292 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1359942422|Chibudom Nwuche]]" 175891 wikitext text/x-wiki Laamɗo '''Chibudom Nwuche''' ( // c ; jibinaa ko ñalnde 30 lewru Seeɗto hitaande 1961) ko awokaa e politikyanke leydi Najeriya, o woniino cukko hooreejo suudu sarɗiiji tuggi 1999 haa 2003. == Nguurndam e jaŋde puɗɗagol == Nwuche jibinaama haa [[Enugu]] nder saare laamiiɗo Clifford Cheta Nuche e Grace Ogbuta Nuche. O jeyaa ko e wuro Ochigba to Ahoada Fuɗnaange e nder diiwaan laamu nokkuyankeewo e nder [[Diiwal River|diiwaan Rivers]] . O fuɗɗii jaŋde makko ko e duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde St Cyprians to Port Harcourt ɗo o heɓi seedantaagal makko gadanal ngam yaltude duɗal. Jaŋde makko hakkundeere ko to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Stella Maris to Port Harcourt, to Rivers State ɗo o heɓi seedantaagal duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde toowngal e hitaande 1979. Ndeen o yahri to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Lansdowne, to Oxford, to leydi Angalteer. O janngi to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Keele hakkunde 1982 e 1985 ɗo o heɓi Bachelor of Arts (Hons) e politik e filosofi, e fannuuji goɗɗi e daartol e ganndal koode. Hakkunde hitaande 1985 e 1987, Nwuche heɓi LLB (Hons) e sariya, e division toowɗo ɗiɗaɓo to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Aberystwyth caggal ɗuum o arti leydi Naajeeriya ngam janngude porogaraam Bar doole to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde sariya leydi Naajeeriya . Ndeen o heɓi dipoloma makko master e sariya (LLM) to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde King’s College London, ko faati e sariya laanaaji diwooje, kaalis hakkunde leyɗeele, jeyi hakkille e sariya njulaagu hakkunde leyɗeele. == Kugal == Caggal jaŋde makko, Nwuche hooti leydi Nijeer. O golliima e golle sariya Mudiaga Odje e sosiyetee, Ajumogobia Okeke e Oyebode tuggi 1990 haa 1992. Ndeen o golliima e konsulteer to Petgas Resources International Limited tuggi 1992 haa 1994. O woniino gardiiɗo njuɓɓudi Rheingold Nigeria Limited tuggi19999. E hitaande 1999, Nwuche suɓaama ngam ardaade diiwaan Ahoada Fuɗnaange/Abua Odual mo diiwaan Rivers e nder suudu sarɗiiji . Ndeen suudu nduu suɓiima mo ngam wonde cukko hooreejo leydi mum ñalnde 4 suwee. Nde o woni e nder suudu sarɗiiji, o woniino hooreejo Goomu kuuɓtodinngu, e cukko hooreejo Goomu suɓngooji e Goomu jokkondire ngam ƴeewtaade doosɗe leydi 1999. O ardiima kadi delegaasiyoŋaaji keewɗi e nder batuuji e batuuji hakkunde leyɗeele ceertuɗi. Nwuche wallitorii [[Women Trafficking and Child Labour Eradication Foundation|Fedde ngam haɓaade njulaagu rewɓe e golle sukaaɓe]] (WOTCLEF) sosnde fedde ngam haɓaade njulaagu aadee. O wallitorii kuugal Naajeeriya Media Bill ngal hawti dow ko laarani hukuumaaji pamari Naajeeriya e kuugal Naajeeriya Local Content Bill ngal yaajini kuugal sosiyeteeji lesdi ndi'i nder kuugal petrol. O tawtoraama e ƴettugol sariya Komiseer ƴellitaare delta Niiseer e kuulal dikotoomi dow leydi. O walli kadi kuugal Naajeeriya'en marɓe nyawuuji. Nwuche ina wallitnoo gollondiral hakkunde Asaambele ngenndi e pelle goɗɗe, haa arti noon e pelle ɗe ngonaa laamuyankooje e Sektora Keeriiɗo Yuɓɓo. Nwuche waɗii bursiiji e peeje dokkal ngam almudɓe waasɓe e jom en jawɗeele en tokosɓe/hakkundeeji e rewɓe. == Tergal e juɓɓule e birooji == Nwuche ko hannde woni tergal e juɓɓule karallaagal keewɗe. Ina jeyaa e ɗeen : * Tergal, Duɗal Ardiiɓe, Naajeeriya * Tergal, [[Nigerian Association of Chambers of Commerce, Industry, Mines and Agriculture|Fedde Naajeeriya ngam suudu filu, njulaagu, miniraaji e ndema]], [[NACCIMA]] * Tergal, Duɗal Petroŋ, Londres * Tergal, Duɗal Njuɓɓudi Naajeeriya (NIM) * Hooreejo, fedde njulaagu leydi Naajeeriya – suudu njulaagu Afrik worgo (1995) * Tergal, Fedde Awokaaji Naajeeriya (NBA) * Tergal, Fedde Adunaare Awokaaji (IBA) * Tergal, yiilirde fedde winndereyankoore parlemaa ngam haɓaade fenaande (GOPAC). * Hooreejo, Chapter Naajeeriya, Reso parlemaa'en Afrika ngam haɓugo bee ƴamol. * Tergal e hooreejo kawtal lesdi Naajeeriya haa suudu joonde lesdi Ecowas * Tergal kawtal hooreejo kawtal lesdi Naajeeriya ngam wallugo ceede (NAIPA) == Tuugnorgal == [[Category:Yimɓe wuurɓe]] fohqow45wjtg0ovgc5gfuviztn2it2x 175894 175891 2026-06-23T09:43:30Z Sardeeq 14292 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1359942422|Chibudom Nwuche]]" 175894 wikitext text/x-wiki Laamɗo '''Chibudom Nwuche''' ( // c ; jibinaa ko ñalnde 30 lewru Seeɗto hitaande 1961) ko awokaa e politikyanke leydi Najeriya, o woniino cukko hooreejo suudu sarɗiiji tuggi 1999 haa 2003.<ref>Muaz, Hassan (29 September 2021). "Salutes deputy speaker, Chibudom Nwuche at 60 |". The Eagle Online. Retrieved 8 March 2025.</ref> == Nguurndam e jaŋde puɗɗagol == Nwuche jibinaama haa [[Enugu]] nder saare laamiiɗo Clifford Cheta Nuche e Grace Ogbuta Nuche. O jeyaa ko e wuro Ochigba to Ahoada Fuɗnaange e nder diiwaan laamu nokkuyankeewo e nder [[Diiwal River|diiwaan Rivers]] . O fuɗɗii jaŋde makko ko e duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde St Cyprians to Port Harcourt ɗo o heɓi seedantaagal makko gadanal ngam yaltude duɗal. Jaŋde makko hakkundeere ko to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Stella Maris to Port Harcourt, to Rivers State ɗo o heɓi seedantaagal duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde toowngal e hitaande 1979. Ndeen o yahri to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Lansdowne, to Oxford, to leydi Angalteer. O janngi to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Keele hakkunde 1982 e 1985 ɗo o heɓi Bachelor of Arts (Hons) e politik e filosofi, e fannuuji goɗɗi e daartol e ganndal koode. Hakkunde hitaande 1985 e 1987, Nwuche heɓi LLB (Hons) e sariya, e division toowɗo ɗiɗaɓo to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Aberystwyth caggal ɗuum o arti leydi Naajeeriya ngam janngude porogaraam Bar doole to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde sariya leydi Naajeeriya . Ndeen o heɓi dipoloma makko master e sariya (LLM) to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde King’s College London, ko faati e sariya laanaaji diwooje, kaalis hakkunde leyɗeele, jeyi hakkille e sariya njulaagu hakkunde leyɗeele. == Kugal == Caggal jaŋde makko, Nwuche hooti leydi Nijeer. O golliima e golle sariya Mudiaga Odje e sosiyetee, Ajumogobia Okeke e Oyebode tuggi 1990 haa 1992. Ndeen o golliima e konsulteer to Petgas Resources International Limited tuggi 1992 haa 1994. O woniino gardiiɗo njuɓɓudi Rheingold Nigeria Limited tuggi19999. E hitaande 1999, Nwuche suɓaama ngam ardaade diiwaan Ahoada Fuɗnaange/Abua Odual mo diiwaan Rivers e nder suudu sarɗiiji . Ndeen suudu nduu suɓiima mo ngam wonde cukko hooreejo leydi mum ñalnde 4 suwee. Nde o woni e nder suudu sarɗiiji, o woniino hooreejo Goomu kuuɓtodinngu, e cukko hooreejo Goomu suɓngooji e Goomu jokkondire ngam ƴeewtaade doosɗe leydi 1999. O ardiima kadi delegaasiyoŋaaji keewɗi e nder batuuji e batuuji hakkunde leyɗeele ceertuɗi. Nwuche wallitorii [[Women Trafficking and Child Labour Eradication Foundation|Fedde ngam haɓaade njulaagu rewɓe e golle sukaaɓe]] (WOTCLEF) sosnde fedde ngam haɓaade njulaagu aadee. O wallitorii kuugal Naajeeriya Media Bill ngal hawti dow ko laarani hukuumaaji pamari Naajeeriya e kuugal Naajeeriya Local Content Bill ngal yaajini kuugal sosiyeteeji lesdi ndi'i nder kuugal petrol. O tawtoraama e ƴettugol sariya Komiseer ƴellitaare delta Niiseer e kuulal dikotoomi dow leydi. O walli kadi kuugal Naajeeriya'en marɓe nyawuuji. Nwuche ina wallitnoo gollondiral hakkunde Asaambele ngenndi e pelle goɗɗe, haa arti noon e pelle ɗe ngonaa laamuyankooje e Sektora Keeriiɗo Yuɓɓo. Nwuche waɗii bursiiji e peeje dokkal ngam almudɓe waasɓe e jom en jawɗeele en tokosɓe/hakkundeeji e rewɓe. == Tergal e juɓɓule e birooji == Nwuche ko hannde woni tergal e juɓɓule karallaagal keewɗe. Ina jeyaa e ɗeen : * Tergal, Duɗal Ardiiɓe, Naajeeriya * Tergal, [[Nigerian Association of Chambers of Commerce, Industry, Mines and Agriculture|Fedde Naajeeriya ngam suudu filu, njulaagu, miniraaji e ndema]], [[NACCIMA]] * Tergal, Duɗal Petroŋ, Londres * Tergal, Duɗal Njuɓɓudi Naajeeriya (NIM) * Hooreejo, fedde njulaagu leydi Naajeeriya – suudu njulaagu Afrik worgo (1995) * Tergal, Fedde Awokaaji Naajeeriya (NBA) * Tergal, Fedde Adunaare Awokaaji (IBA) * Tergal, yiilirde fedde winndereyankoore parlemaa ngam haɓaade fenaande (GOPAC). * Hooreejo, Chapter Naajeeriya, Reso parlemaa'en Afrika ngam haɓugo bee ƴamol. * Tergal e hooreejo kawtal lesdi Naajeeriya haa suudu joonde lesdi Ecowas * Tergal kawtal hooreejo kawtal lesdi Naajeeriya ngam wallugo ceede (NAIPA) == Tuugnorgal == [[Category:Yimɓe wuurɓe]] ayikthrw3fsiog86937htyux765j8nh 175895 175894 2026-06-23T09:43:57Z Sardeeq 14292 175895 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Laamɗo '''Chibudom Nwuche''' ( // c ; jibinaa ko ñalnde 30 lewru Seeɗto hitaande 1961) ko awokaa e politikyanke leydi Najeriya, o woniino cukko hooreejo suudu sarɗiiji tuggi 1999 haa 2003.<ref>Muaz, Hassan (29 September 2021). "Salutes deputy speaker, Chibudom Nwuche at 60 |". The Eagle Online. Retrieved 8 March 2025.</ref> == Nguurndam e jaŋde puɗɗagol == Nwuche jibinaama haa [[Enugu]] nder saare laamiiɗo Clifford Cheta Nuche e Grace Ogbuta Nuche. O jeyaa ko e wuro Ochigba to Ahoada Fuɗnaange e nder diiwaan laamu nokkuyankeewo e nder [[Diiwal River|diiwaan Rivers]] . O fuɗɗii jaŋde makko ko e duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde St Cyprians to Port Harcourt ɗo o heɓi seedantaagal makko gadanal ngam yaltude duɗal. Jaŋde makko hakkundeere ko to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Stella Maris to Port Harcourt, to Rivers State ɗo o heɓi seedantaagal duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde toowngal e hitaande 1979. Ndeen o yahri to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Lansdowne, to Oxford, to leydi Angalteer. O janngi to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Keele hakkunde 1982 e 1985 ɗo o heɓi Bachelor of Arts (Hons) e politik e filosofi, e fannuuji goɗɗi e daartol e ganndal koode. Hakkunde hitaande 1985 e 1987, Nwuche heɓi LLB (Hons) e sariya, e division toowɗo ɗiɗaɓo to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Aberystwyth caggal ɗuum o arti leydi Naajeeriya ngam janngude porogaraam Bar doole to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde sariya leydi Naajeeriya . Ndeen o heɓi dipoloma makko master e sariya (LLM) to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde King’s College London, ko faati e sariya laanaaji diwooje, kaalis hakkunde leyɗeele, jeyi hakkille e sariya njulaagu hakkunde leyɗeele. == Kugal == Caggal jaŋde makko, Nwuche hooti leydi Nijeer. O golliima e golle sariya Mudiaga Odje e sosiyetee, Ajumogobia Okeke e Oyebode tuggi 1990 haa 1992. Ndeen o golliima e konsulteer to Petgas Resources International Limited tuggi 1992 haa 1994. O woniino gardiiɗo njuɓɓudi Rheingold Nigeria Limited tuggi19999. E hitaande 1999, Nwuche suɓaama ngam ardaade diiwaan Ahoada Fuɗnaange/Abua Odual mo diiwaan Rivers e nder suudu sarɗiiji . Ndeen suudu nduu suɓiima mo ngam wonde cukko hooreejo leydi mum ñalnde 4 suwee. Nde o woni e nder suudu sarɗiiji, o woniino hooreejo Goomu kuuɓtodinngu, e cukko hooreejo Goomu suɓngooji e Goomu jokkondire ngam ƴeewtaade doosɗe leydi 1999. O ardiima kadi delegaasiyoŋaaji keewɗi e nder batuuji e batuuji hakkunde leyɗeele ceertuɗi. Nwuche wallitorii [[Women Trafficking and Child Labour Eradication Foundation|Fedde ngam haɓaade njulaagu rewɓe e golle sukaaɓe]] (WOTCLEF) sosnde fedde ngam haɓaade njulaagu aadee. O wallitorii kuugal Naajeeriya Media Bill ngal hawti dow ko laarani hukuumaaji pamari Naajeeriya e kuugal Naajeeriya Local Content Bill ngal yaajini kuugal sosiyeteeji lesdi ndi'i nder kuugal petrol. O tawtoraama e ƴettugol sariya Komiseer ƴellitaare delta Niiseer e kuulal dikotoomi dow leydi. O walli kadi kuugal Naajeeriya'en marɓe nyawuuji. Nwuche ina wallitnoo gollondiral hakkunde Asaambele ngenndi e pelle goɗɗe, haa arti noon e pelle ɗe ngonaa laamuyankooje e Sektora Keeriiɗo Yuɓɓo. Nwuche waɗii bursiiji e peeje dokkal ngam almudɓe waasɓe e jom en jawɗeele en tokosɓe/hakkundeeji e rewɓe. == Tergal e juɓɓule e birooji == Nwuche ko hannde woni tergal e juɓɓule karallaagal keewɗe. Ina jeyaa e ɗeen : * Tergal, Duɗal Ardiiɓe, Naajeeriya * Tergal, [[Nigerian Association of Chambers of Commerce, Industry, Mines and Agriculture|Fedde Naajeeriya ngam suudu filu, njulaagu, miniraaji e ndema]], [[NACCIMA]] * Tergal, Duɗal Petroŋ, Londres * Tergal, Duɗal Njuɓɓudi Naajeeriya (NIM) * Hooreejo, fedde njulaagu leydi Naajeeriya – suudu njulaagu Afrik worgo (1995) * Tergal, Fedde Awokaaji Naajeeriya (NBA) * Tergal, Fedde Adunaare Awokaaji (IBA) * Tergal, yiilirde fedde winndereyankoore parlemaa ngam haɓaade fenaande (GOPAC). * Hooreejo, Chapter Naajeeriya, Reso parlemaa'en Afrika ngam haɓugo bee ƴamol. * Tergal e hooreejo kawtal lesdi Naajeeriya haa suudu joonde lesdi Ecowas * Tergal kawtal hooreejo kawtal lesdi Naajeeriya ngam wallugo ceede (NAIPA) == Tuugnorgal == [[Category:Yimɓe wuurɓe]] naexy5wcdrhn7ee926p8sax274kj2jf 0 42446 175896 2026-06-23T09:46:45Z Isa Oumar 9821 Created page with "Tamunoemi '''Sokari David-West''' (26 lewru bowte hitaande 1936 – 11 lewru noowammbar hitaande 2019[1]) ko jaagorgal jaŋde, ƴaañoowo renndo, e jaagorgal fedde nde.<ref name="Ref12">[http://www.researchnexus.org/index.php?option=com_myblog&show=amaechi-david-west-and-i.html&Itemid=79 Odimegwu Onwumere, "Amaechi, David-West and I," ''Research Nexus'', 11 April 2011.]{{Dead link|date=July 2025|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}</ref><ref name="Ref3">{{Cite news..." 175896 wikitext text/x-wiki Tamunoemi '''Sokari David-West''' (26 lewru bowte hitaande 1936 – 11 lewru noowammbar hitaande 2019[1]) ko jaagorgal jaŋde, ƴaañoowo renndo, e jaagorgal fedde nde.<ref name="Ref12">[http://www.researchnexus.org/index.php?option=com_myblog&show=amaechi-david-west-and-i.html&Itemid=79 Odimegwu Onwumere, "Amaechi, David-West and I," ''Research Nexus'', 11 April 2011.]{{Dead link|date=July 2025|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}</ref><ref name="Ref3">{{Cite news|url=http://www.thenationonlineng.net/web2/articles/38773/1/David-West-criticizes-Jonathan-over-advisory-council/Page1.html|location=Lagos, Nigeria|title=The Nation Newspaper Nigeria - Read Latest Nigeria News|newspaper=[[The Nation (Nigeria)|The Nation]]|language=en-US|access-date=2017-12-22}}</ref> == Jaŋde == David-West jibinaa ko to Buguma, to Kalabari, to nokku biyeteeɗo hannde diiwaan Rivers. O heɓi jaŋde makko toownde to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Ibadan (1956-1958) o heɓi kadi seedantaagal makko BSc to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Michigan (1958-1960), o heɓi kadi seedantaagal makko MSc to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Yale (1960-1962), o heɓi kadi seedantaagal makko PhD to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde McGill (1964-1966). David-West wonnoo ko ganndo ko faati e mborosaaji e jannginoowo mawɗo to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Ibadan e hitaande 1969, caggal ɗuum o artiraa e golle jannginoowo mborosaaji e hitaande 1975.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://punchng.com/breaking-tam-david-west-dies-at-83/|title=Tam David-West dies at 83|newspaper=[[The Punch]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://punchng.com/breaking-tam-david-west-dies-at-83/|title=Tam David-West dies at 83|newspaper=[[The Punch]]}}</ref> == Ngomna == David-West huwi nder laamu lesdi Naajeeriya bana komisinaajo jangirde nden bo tergal nder kawtal hukuuma lesdi Rivers (1975-1979), bana tergal nder kawtal yimɓe cappanɗe jowi ngam winndugo dookaaji lesdi ngam laamu sooje'en jeneral Murtala Muhammed (1979), bana ministaajo lesdi lesdi jeneral Muhariduham (1984-1985), e wonde jaagorde miniraaji, doole, e njamndi e gardagol Seneraal Ibraahiima Babangida (1986). O woppitaa jaagorde ndee, laamu Babangida nanngi mo, sibu o tuumaama ina addana mo caɗeele faggudu leydi ndii ; O woppitaama, o woppitaama e ɗeen tuume e nder Ñaawirde Toownde Naajeeriya ñalnde 8 lewru bowte hitaande 1991.<ref name="Ref1">[http://www.researchnexus.org/index.php?option=com_myblog&show=amaechi-david-west-and-i.html&Itemid=79 Odimegwu Onwumere, "Amaechi, David-West and I," ''Research Nexus'', 11 April 2011.]{{Dead link|date=July 2025|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}</ref> == Politik == David-West ko neɗɗo cemmbinɗo, ƴamoowo politik laamu Naajeeriya gila nde o laaɓi e nanngugol makko e laamu konu Seneraal Babangida. David-West ñiŋii ko aldaa e doosɗe leydi, ko ɗum woni ko hooreejo leydi ndii, hono Goodluck Jonathan, sosi e hitaande 2010,[3] o holliti heen jeertinaango ngam laamu nguu uddita dame mum e humpitooji Amerik tawa alaa ko heddii heen.[4] Hay so tawii o jokkondirtaa e lannda politik gooto, David-West ina wallitnoo Chibuike Amaechi mo lannda demokaraasi yimɓe, gonɗo e bannge ñaamo, ngam suɓaade guwerneer diiwaan Rivers.<ref name="Ref32">{{Cite news|url=http://www.thenationonlineng.net/web2/articles/38773/1/David-West-criticizes-Jonathan-over-advisory-council/Page1.html|location=Lagos, Nigeria|title=The Nation Newspaper Nigeria - Read Latest Nigeria News|newspaper=[[The Nation (Nigeria)|The Nation]]|language=en-US|access-date=2017-12-22}}</ref><ref name="Ref33">{{Cite news|url=http://www.thenationonlineng.net/web2/articles/38773/1/David-West-criticizes-Jonathan-over-advisory-council/Page1.html|location=Lagos, Nigeria|title=The Nation Newspaper Nigeria - Read Latest Nigeria News|newspaper=[[The Nation (Nigeria)|The Nation]]|language=en-US|access-date=2017-12-22}}</ref> == Nguurndam neɗɗo == Daawuuda-West sankii ko ñalnde 11 noowammbar 2019. <ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/362125-ex-minister-of-petroleum-tam-david-west-is-dead.html|title=Ex-Minister of Petroleum, Tam David-West, is dead|date=2019-11-11|newspaper=[[Premium Times]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/362125-ex-minister-of-petroleum-tam-david-west-is-dead.html|title=Ex-Minister of Petroleum, Tam David-West, is dead|date=2019-11-11|newspaper=[[Premium Times]]}}</ref>Maayde maako sunaama e hooreejo leydi Muhammadu Buhari. == Binndanɗe == David-West woni binnduɗo binndanɗe janngirɗe e nder ganndal virologie peeñɗe e jaayɗe ganndal ko wayi no Jaaynde Patoloji e Bakteriyoloji (1966),[7] Transactions de la Société Royale de la Médecine et Hygiène Tropicale (1973),[8] Jaaynde Intervirologie (1974),[94] e Higiene. O winndi kadi deftere wiyeteende Binndanɗe Filosofi: Miijooji e Nguurndam Moƴƴam (1980), nde o siftini hoore makko wonde o woni ko e rewde filosof analitik Angalteer, ƴeewoowo renndo, hono Bertrand Russell.[11] Daartol David-West e filosofi “Alla, tagoore e winndere” (1981) waɗi ko to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Ibadan.[12] == Tuugnorgal == 1diz7tgnwx8gztoksbhp8ykceqrtexy 175900 175896 2026-06-23T09:47:15Z Isa Oumar 9821 175900 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}Tamunoemi '''Sokari David-West''' (26 lewru bowte hitaande 1936 – 11 lewru noowammbar hitaande 2019) ko jaagorgal jaŋde, ƴaañoowo renndo, e jaagorgal fedde nde.<ref name="Ref12">[http://www.researchnexus.org/index.php?option=com_myblog&show=amaechi-david-west-and-i.html&Itemid=79 Odimegwu Onwumere, "Amaechi, David-West and I," ''Research Nexus'', 11 April 2011.]{{Dead link|date=July 2025|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}</ref><ref name="Ref3">{{Cite news|url=http://www.thenationonlineng.net/web2/articles/38773/1/David-West-criticizes-Jonathan-over-advisory-council/Page1.html|location=Lagos, Nigeria|title=The Nation Newspaper Nigeria - Read Latest Nigeria News|newspaper=[[The Nation (Nigeria)|The Nation]]|language=en-US|access-date=2017-12-22}}</ref> == Jaŋde == David-West jibinaa ko to Buguma, to Kalabari, to nokku biyeteeɗo hannde diiwaan Rivers. O heɓi jaŋde makko toownde to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Ibadan (1956-1958) o heɓi kadi seedantaagal makko BSc to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Michigan (1958-1960), o heɓi kadi seedantaagal makko MSc to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Yale (1960-1962), o heɓi kadi seedantaagal makko PhD to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde McGill (1964-1966). David-West wonnoo ko ganndo ko faati e mborosaaji e jannginoowo mawɗo to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Ibadan e hitaande 1969, caggal ɗuum o artiraa e golle jannginoowo mborosaaji e hitaande 1975.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://punchng.com/breaking-tam-david-west-dies-at-83/|title=Tam David-West dies at 83|newspaper=[[The Punch]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://punchng.com/breaking-tam-david-west-dies-at-83/|title=Tam David-West dies at 83|newspaper=[[The Punch]]}}</ref> == Ngomna == David-West huwi nder laamu lesdi Naajeeriya bana komisinaajo jangirde nden bo tergal nder kawtal hukuuma lesdi Rivers (1975-1979), bana tergal nder kawtal yimɓe cappanɗe jowi ngam winndugo dookaaji lesdi ngam laamu sooje'en jeneral Murtala Muhammed (1979), bana ministaajo lesdi lesdi jeneral Muhariduham (1984-1985), e wonde jaagorde miniraaji, doole, e njamndi e gardagol Seneraal Ibraahiima Babangida (1986). O woppitaa jaagorde ndee, laamu Babangida nanngi mo, sibu o tuumaama ina addana mo caɗeele faggudu leydi ndii ; O woppitaama, o woppitaama e ɗeen tuume e nder Ñaawirde Toownde Naajeeriya ñalnde 8 lewru bowte hitaande 1991.<ref name="Ref1">[http://www.researchnexus.org/index.php?option=com_myblog&show=amaechi-david-west-and-i.html&Itemid=79 Odimegwu Onwumere, "Amaechi, David-West and I," ''Research Nexus'', 11 April 2011.]{{Dead link|date=July 2025|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}</ref> == Politik == David-West ko neɗɗo cemmbinɗo, ƴamoowo politik laamu Naajeeriya gila nde o laaɓi e nanngugol makko e laamu konu Seneraal Babangida. David-West ñiŋii ko aldaa e doosɗe leydi, ko ɗum woni ko hooreejo leydi ndii, hono Goodluck Jonathan, sosi e hitaande 2010,[3] o holliti heen jeertinaango ngam laamu nguu uddita dame mum e humpitooji Amerik tawa alaa ko heddii heen.[4] Hay so tawii o jokkondirtaa e lannda politik gooto, David-West ina wallitnoo Chibuike Amaechi mo lannda demokaraasi yimɓe, gonɗo e bannge ñaamo, ngam suɓaade guwerneer diiwaan Rivers.<ref name="Ref32">{{Cite news|url=http://www.thenationonlineng.net/web2/articles/38773/1/David-West-criticizes-Jonathan-over-advisory-council/Page1.html|location=Lagos, Nigeria|title=The Nation Newspaper Nigeria - Read Latest Nigeria News|newspaper=[[The Nation (Nigeria)|The Nation]]|language=en-US|access-date=2017-12-22}}</ref><ref name="Ref33">{{Cite news|url=http://www.thenationonlineng.net/web2/articles/38773/1/David-West-criticizes-Jonathan-over-advisory-council/Page1.html|location=Lagos, Nigeria|title=The Nation Newspaper Nigeria - Read Latest Nigeria News|newspaper=[[The Nation (Nigeria)|The Nation]]|language=en-US|access-date=2017-12-22}}</ref> == Nguurndam neɗɗo == Daawuuda-West sankii ko ñalnde 11 noowammbar 2019. <ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/362125-ex-minister-of-petroleum-tam-david-west-is-dead.html|title=Ex-Minister of Petroleum, Tam David-West, is dead|date=2019-11-11|newspaper=[[Premium Times]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/362125-ex-minister-of-petroleum-tam-david-west-is-dead.html|title=Ex-Minister of Petroleum, Tam David-West, is dead|date=2019-11-11|newspaper=[[Premium Times]]}}</ref>Maayde maako sunaama e hooreejo leydi Muhammadu Buhari. == Binndanɗe == David-West woni binnduɗo binndanɗe janngirɗe e nder ganndal virologie peeñɗe e jaayɗe ganndal ko wayi no Jaaynde Patoloji e Bakteriyoloji (1966),[7] Transactions de la Société Royale de la Médecine et Hygiène Tropicale (1973),[8] Jaaynde Intervirologie (1974),[94] e Higiene. O winndi kadi deftere wiyeteende Binndanɗe Filosofi: Miijooji e Nguurndam Moƴƴam (1980), nde o siftini hoore makko wonde o woni ko e rewde filosof analitik Angalteer, ƴeewoowo renndo, hono Bertrand Russell.[11] Daartol David-West e filosofi “Alla, tagoore e winndere” (1981) waɗi ko to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Ibadan.[12] == Tuugnorgal == 4bv3gpvjs5wz4yo0donsgt9fwfrj4nw 175910 175900 2026-06-23T09:51:40Z Isa Oumar 9821 175910 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}Tamunoemi '''Sokari David-West''' (26 lewru bowte hitaande 1936 – 11 lewru noowammbar hitaande 2019) ko jaagorgal jaŋde, ƴaañoowo renndo, e jaagorgal fedde nde.<ref name="Ref12">[http://www.researchnexus.org/index.php?option=com_myblog&show=amaechi-david-west-and-i.html&Itemid=79 Odimegwu Onwumere, "Amaechi, David-West and I," ''Research Nexus'', 11 April 2011.]{{Dead link|date=July 2025|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}</ref><ref name="Ref3">{{Cite news|url=http://www.thenationonlineng.net/web2/articles/38773/1/David-West-criticizes-Jonathan-over-advisory-council/Page1.html|location=Lagos, Nigeria|title=The Nation Newspaper Nigeria - Read Latest Nigeria News|newspaper=[[The Nation (Nigeria)|The Nation]]|language=en-US|access-date=2017-12-22}}</ref> == Jaŋde == David-West jibinaa ko to Buguma, to Kalabari, to nokku biyeteeɗo hannde diiwaan Rivers. O heɓi jaŋde makko toownde to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Ibadan (1956-1958) o heɓi kadi seedantaagal makko BSc to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Michigan (1958-1960), o heɓi kadi seedantaagal makko MSc to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Yale (1960-1962), o heɓi kadi seedantaagal makko PhD to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde McGill (1964-1966). David-West wonnoo ko ganndo ko faati e mborosaaji e jannginoowo mawɗo to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Ibadan e hitaande 1969, caggal ɗuum o artiraa e golle jannginoowo mborosaaji e hitaande 1975.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://punchng.com/breaking-tam-david-west-dies-at-83/|title=Tam David-West dies at 83|newspaper=[[The Punch]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://punchng.com/breaking-tam-david-west-dies-at-83/|title=Tam David-West dies at 83|newspaper=[[The Punch]]}}</ref> == Ngomna == David-West huwi nder laamu lesdi Naajeeriya bana komisinaajo jangirde nden bo tergal nder kawtal hukuuma lesdi Rivers (1975-1979), bana tergal nder kawtal yimɓe cappanɗe jowi ngam winndugo dookaaji lesdi ngam laamu sooje'en jeneral Murtala Muhammed (1979), bana ministaajo lesdi lesdi jeneral Muhariduham (1984-1985), e wonde jaagorde miniraaji, doole, e njamndi e gardagol Seneraal Ibraahiima Babangida (1986). O woppitaa jaagorde ndee, laamu Babangida nanngi mo, sibu o tuumaama ina addana mo caɗeele faggudu leydi ndii ; O woppitaama, o woppitaama e ɗeen tuume e nder Ñaawirde Toownde Naajeeriya ñalnde 8 lewru bowte hitaande 1991.<ref name="Ref1">[http://www.researchnexus.org/index.php?option=com_myblog&show=amaechi-david-west-and-i.html&Itemid=79 Odimegwu Onwumere, "Amaechi, David-West and I," ''Research Nexus'', 11 April 2011.]{{Dead link|date=July 2025|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}</ref> == Politik == David-West ko neɗɗo cemmbinɗo, ƴamoowo politik laamu Naajeeriya gila nde o laaɓi e nanngugol makko e laamu konu Seneraal Babangida. David-West ñiŋii ko aldaa e doosɗe leydi, ko ɗum woni ko hooreejo leydi ndii, hono Goodluck Jonathan, sosi e hitaande 2010,[3] o holliti heen jeertinaango ngam laamu nguu uddita dame mum e humpitooji Amerik tawa alaa ko heddii heen.[4] Hay so tawii o jokkondirtaa e lannda politik gooto, David-West ina wallitnoo Chibuike Amaechi mo lannda demokaraasi yimɓe, gonɗo e bannge ñaamo, ngam suɓaade guwerneer diiwaan Rivers.<ref name="Ref32">{{Cite news|url=http://www.thenationonlineng.net/web2/articles/38773/1/David-West-criticizes-Jonathan-over-advisory-council/Page1.html|location=Lagos, Nigeria|title=The Nation Newspaper Nigeria - Read Latest Nigeria News|newspaper=[[The Nation (Nigeria)|The Nation]]|language=en-US|access-date=2017-12-22}}</ref><ref name="Ref33">{{Cite news|url=http://www.thenationonlineng.net/web2/articles/38773/1/David-West-criticizes-Jonathan-over-advisory-council/Page1.html|location=Lagos, Nigeria|title=The Nation Newspaper Nigeria - Read Latest Nigeria News|newspaper=[[The Nation (Nigeria)|The Nation]]|language=en-US|access-date=2017-12-22}}</ref> == Nguurndam neɗɗo == Daawuuda-West sankii ko ñalnde 11 noowammbar 2019. <ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/362125-ex-minister-of-petroleum-tam-david-west-is-dead.html|title=Ex-Minister of Petroleum, Tam David-West, is dead|date=2019-11-11|newspaper=[[Premium Times]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/362125-ex-minister-of-petroleum-tam-david-west-is-dead.html|title=Ex-Minister of Petroleum, Tam David-West, is dead|date=2019-11-11|newspaper=[[Premium Times]]}}</ref>Maayde maako sunaama e hooreejo leydi Muhammadu Buhari. == Binndanɗe == David-West woni binnduɗo binndanɗe janngirɗe e nder ganndal virologie peeñɗe e jaayɗe ganndal ko wayi no Jaaynde Patoloji e Bakteriyoloji (1966),[7] Transactions de la Société Royale de la Médecine et Hygiène Tropicale (1973),[8] Jaaynde Intervirologie (1974),[94] e Higiene. O winndi kadi deftere wiyeteende Binndanɗe Filosofi: Miijooji e Nguurndam Moƴƴam (1980), nde o siftini hoore makko wonde o woni ko e rewde filosof analitik Angalteer, ƴeewoowo renndo, hono Bertrand Russell.[11] Daartol David-West e filosofi “Alla, tagoore e winndere” (1981) waɗi ko to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Ibadan.[12] == Tuugnorgal == hoxqzey4s2x3iebu3hdta4ftdsdglgf 0 42447 175897 2026-06-23T09:46:53Z Sirjat 14855 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1258992059|List of rivers of Algeria]]" 175897 wikitext text/x-wiki Ko '''doggol maayooji e nder leydi Alseri''' . Ndee doggol ina yuɓɓinaa gila fuɗnaange haa fuɗnaange e dow ŋoral ndiyam, tawa ŋoral mum ina winndaa e les innde ŋoral ɓurngal mawnude kala. == [[Maayo filtiingo Atalantika|Geec Atlantik]] == * Maayo Draa == Geec Mediteraane == * Falnde Al-Hamiz * [[Tafna River|Maayo Tafna]] ** [[Isser River (Tafna River)|Maayo Isser]] * Maayo Hammam ( maayo Habra ) ( Maayo Macta ) . ** Maayo Sig ** Maayo Mebtouh * Maayo Chelif ** Maayo Mina ** Maayo Djediowiya ** [[Ghiou River|Maayo Ghiou]] (Maayo Riou) ** [[Lodo Slay|Maayo Sly]] ** Maayo Tsighaout ** Maayo Fodda ** [[Rouina River|Maayo Rouina]] (Maayo Zeddine) ** [[Ebda River|Maayo Ebda]] ** [[Massine River|Maayo Massine]] ** [[Deurdeur River|Maayo Deurdeur]] ** [[Akoum River|Maayo Akoum]] ** [[Nahr Ouassel River|Maayo Nahr Waasel]] ** [[Touil River|Maayo Touil]] * Maayo Mazafran * [[Harrach River|Maayo Harrak]] * Maayo Regaïa * Maayo Buuduwaawu * Falnde Bumerdes * Maayo Isser ** [[Malah River|Maayo Malah]] * Maayo Meralden * [[Maayo Sebaou]] * Maayo Suumam ** Maayo Amasin ** [[Maayo buu sellam|Maayo bu sellaam]] ** [[Naange Sahel|Maayo Saahal]] * [[Kebîr River (Jijel)|Maayo Kebîr (Jijel)]] ** [[Enndja River|Maayo Enndja]] ** Maayo Rummel * [[Guebli River|Maayo Guebli]] * [[Safsâf River|Maayo Safsâf]] * [[Kebir River (Skikda)|Maayo Kebir (Skikda)]] * Maayo Seybouse ** [[Cherf River|Maayo Cherf]] * [[Kebîr River (El Taref)|Maayo Kebiir (El Taref)]] * Maayo Medjerda ** Maayo Mellegue *** [[Ksob River (Algeria)|Maayo Ksob]] (Chabro) *** [[Meskiana River|Maayo Meskiana]] == Saharaa == === Sebkhet el Mela === * Oued Saoura ** Oued Zousfana ** Oued Guir *** [[Oued Béchar|Oued Bechar]] * [[Oued Messaoud|Oued Mesawuud]] ** [[Oued Tilia]] === Chott Ech Chergui === * [[Oued el Korima|Oued ko Korima]] === Hot e Hodna === * [[Oued Leham]] === Chott Melrhir === * Oued Djedi * [[Oued Zeribet]] ** [[Oued el Arab]] * [[Oued el Mitta]] * [[Oued Ittel]] * [[Oued el Kherouf|Oued el Keroof]] === [[Sebkhet Safioune|Sebkhet Safiyon]] === * [[Oued Zegrir]] * [[Oued Mya]] === [[Sebkha Mekerrhane|Sebkha Mekerraane]] === * [[Oued Tsaret]] * [[Asouf Mellene|Asuuf Mellene]] * [[Oued Tasendjanet]] === Ahaggaar === * [[Oued Igharghar]] * [[Oued Tafassasset|Oued Tafasaasset]] * [[Oued Ti-n-Tarabine]] * [[Oued Igharghar (south)|Oued Igharghar]] * [[Oued Zazir]] * [[Oued Ti-n-Amzi]] * Oued Tamanraset === Erg mawɗo hirnaange === * [[Oued Namous]] == Tuugnorgal == 7ed122hiz73fa1hh4rf1lcvxwgarnso 175899 175897 2026-06-23T09:47:09Z Sirjat 14855 175899 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} Ko '''doggol maayooji e nder leydi Alseri''' . Ndee doggol ina yuɓɓinaa gila fuɗnaange haa fuɗnaange e dow ŋoral ndiyam, tawa ŋoral mum ina winndaa e les innde ŋoral ɓurngal mawnude kala. == [[Maayo filtiingo Atalantika|Geec Atlantik]] == * Maayo Draa == Geec Mediteraane == * Falnde Al-Hamiz * [[Tafna River|Maayo Tafna]] ** [[Isser River (Tafna River)|Maayo Isser]] * Maayo Hammam ( maayo Habra ) ( Maayo Macta ) . ** Maayo Sig ** Maayo Mebtouh * Maayo Chelif ** Maayo Mina ** Maayo Djediowiya ** [[Ghiou River|Maayo Ghiou]] (Maayo Riou) ** [[Lodo Slay|Maayo Sly]] ** Maayo Tsighaout ** Maayo Fodda ** [[Rouina River|Maayo Rouina]] (Maayo Zeddine) ** [[Ebda River|Maayo Ebda]] ** [[Massine River|Maayo Massine]] ** [[Deurdeur River|Maayo Deurdeur]] ** [[Akoum River|Maayo Akoum]] ** [[Nahr Ouassel River|Maayo Nahr Waasel]] ** [[Touil River|Maayo Touil]] * Maayo Mazafran * [[Harrach River|Maayo Harrak]] * Maayo Regaïa * Maayo Buuduwaawu * Falnde Bumerdes * Maayo Isser ** [[Malah River|Maayo Malah]] * Maayo Meralden * [[Maayo Sebaou]] * Maayo Suumam ** Maayo Amasin ** [[Maayo buu sellam|Maayo bu sellaam]] ** [[Naange Sahel|Maayo Saahal]] * [[Kebîr River (Jijel)|Maayo Kebîr (Jijel)]] ** [[Enndja River|Maayo Enndja]] ** Maayo Rummel * [[Guebli River|Maayo Guebli]] * [[Safsâf River|Maayo Safsâf]] * [[Kebir River (Skikda)|Maayo Kebir (Skikda)]] * Maayo Seybouse ** [[Cherf River|Maayo Cherf]] * [[Kebîr River (El Taref)|Maayo Kebiir (El Taref)]] * Maayo Medjerda ** Maayo Mellegue *** [[Ksob River (Algeria)|Maayo Ksob]] (Chabro) *** [[Meskiana River|Maayo Meskiana]] == Saharaa == === Sebkhet el Mela === * Oued Saoura ** Oued Zousfana ** Oued Guir *** [[Oued Béchar|Oued Bechar]] * [[Oued Messaoud|Oued Mesawuud]] ** [[Oued Tilia]] === Chott Ech Chergui === * [[Oued el Korima|Oued ko Korima]] === Hot e Hodna === * [[Oued Leham]] === Chott Melrhir === * Oued Djedi * [[Oued Zeribet]] ** [[Oued el Arab]] * [[Oued el Mitta]] * [[Oued Ittel]] * [[Oued el Kherouf|Oued el Keroof]] === [[Sebkhet Safioune|Sebkhet Safiyon]] === * [[Oued Zegrir]] * [[Oued Mya]] === [[Sebkha Mekerrhane|Sebkha Mekerraane]] === * [[Oued Tsaret]] * [[Asouf Mellene|Asuuf Mellene]] * [[Oued Tasendjanet]] === Ahaggaar === * [[Oued Igharghar]] * [[Oued Tafassasset|Oued Tafasaasset]] * [[Oued Ti-n-Tarabine]] * [[Oued Igharghar (south)|Oued Igharghar]] * [[Oued Zazir]] * [[Oued Ti-n-Amzi]] * Oued Tamanraset === Erg mawɗo hirnaange === * [[Oued Namous]] == Tuugnorgal == tkjvj9yzkxe2o47b2ibo5int9gvlouu 0 42448 175898 2026-06-23T09:47:07Z Nnamadee 11577 Created page with "'''Maayo Djedi''', ina wiyee kadi Maayo Djeddi, Oued Djedi walla Ouad-ed-Djedi (aarabeere: وادي الجدي Wādī al-Jadī) ko wadi (maayo jogiingo ɓulli taƴondirɗi) e nder leydi Alseri kadi ina jeyaa e maayooji ɓurɗi mawnude e Saharaa. Nde fuɗɗotoo ko e koɗli Atlas Sahara, to tooweeki fotde 1 400 meeter (4 600 ft), nde rewi ko hedde 480 kiloomeeteer (300 mi) ko ina tolnoo e fuɗnaange haa fuɗnaange, nde yaltata ko e maayo Chott Melrhir to fotde –40 meeter..." 175898 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Maayo Djedi''', ina wiyee kadi Maayo Djeddi, Oued Djedi walla Ouad-ed-Djedi (aarabeere: وادي الجدي Wādī al-Jadī) ko wadi (maayo jogiingo ɓulli taƴondirɗi) e nder leydi Alseri kadi ina jeyaa e maayooji ɓurɗi mawnude e Saharaa. Nde fuɗɗotoo ko e koɗli Atlas Sahara, to tooweeki fotde 1 400 meeter (4 600 ft), nde rewi ko hedde 480 kiloomeeteer (300 mi) ko ina tolnoo e fuɗnaange haa fuɗnaange, nde yaltata ko e maayo Chott Melrhir to fotde –40 meeter (130 sean toɓɓere lowe) be Alseri.[1] Ko toɓooli e neesuuji ɓuuɓɗi ñamlata ɗum, ina jogii ɓuuɓol duumingol tan e dow mum. Maayo ngoo ummotoo ko e ŋoral fuɗnaange Djebel Amour, sara wuro Aflou, ina ñammina leɗɗe daneeje keewɗe, ko wayi no oasiyoŋ Laghouat, tawi ko ɓuri heewde e mum en fawii ko e ngalɗoo ɗaɓɓaande ; ndiyam kadi ina ƴettee e ɓulli keewɗi ɓuuɓnaaɗi sara maayo ngoo.[2] E nder dumunna toɓooli e nder ndunngu, maayo ngoo ina wallita e ƴellitde ndiyam Chott Melrhir, e nder ndunngu, maayo ngoo e les maayo ngoo ina yoora.[3][4] Maayo ngoo ina tolnoo e kilooji keewɗi njaajeendi, kono ŋorol maggol ina famɗi ɗo ndiyam ɓuuɓnata. Lelnde maayo ngoo ɓuri heewde ko jippunde e loope, ina waɗi batte ɓuuɓɗe jokkondirɗe e mbayliigaaji mawɗi ɓuuɓol ngol. Hay so tawii leydi nder maayo ngoo e saraaji mum ina nanndi e ndema, ina ɓuuɓi sabu ŋakkeende ndiyam. Ko ɗum waɗi leydi ndii ina moofta ɓuuɓri keewndi e nder jamma, ko ɗum addanta ndi ɓuuɓde seeɗa e nder ko ɓuri heewde e ñalawma.[5] Maayo ngo ina jogii ɓulli wadi keewɗi, ina heen Bedjran, Bicha, Mlili, Msaad e Mzi, ɗiin fof ina ummoo e nano, hay gooto e maɓɓe waawa yahde.[6] Maayo Djedi ina ilna sara wuro Laghouat (yimɓe mum ko hedde 125 000), wuro Sidi Khaled (yimɓe mum ~40 000) ina darii e bannge mum nano (fuɗnaange).[7] Innde maayo ngoo ina sikkaa ummorii ko e ɗemɗe berbeer en Irzer Idjdi firti ko maayo njaareendi ngo wayli e ɗemngal aarabeeɓe Ouad Djedi (firti ko maayo ngaari).[8] == Tuugnorgal == gayyfamlkvbqtjow0npnma2z9omljoe 175901 175898 2026-06-23T09:47:57Z Nnamadee 11577 175901 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Maayo Djedi''', ina wiyee kadi Maayo Djeddi, Oued Djedi walla Ouad-ed-Djedi (aarabeere: وادي الجدي Wādī al-Jadī) ko wadi (maayo jogiingo ɓulli taƴondirɗi) e nder leydi Alseri kadi ina jeyaa e maayooji ɓurɗi mawnude e Saharaa. Nde fuɗɗotoo ko e koɗli Atlas Sahara, to tooweeki fotde 1 400 meeter (4 600 ft), nde rewi ko hedde 480 kiloomeeteer (300 mi) ko ina tolnoo e fuɗnaange haa fuɗnaange, nde yaltata ko e maayo Chott Melrhir to fotde –40 meeter (130 sean toɓɓere lowe) be Alseri.<ref>Annales des mines: Mémoires, Cadrilian-Gœury et Vor. Dalmont, 1880 pp. 154, 159, 172</ref> Ko toɓooli e neesuuji ɓuuɓɗi ñamlata ɗum, ina jogii ɓuuɓol duumingol tan e dow mum. Maayo ngoo ummotoo ko e ŋoral fuɗnaange Djebel Amour, sara wuro Aflou, ina ñammina leɗɗe daneeje keewɗe, ko wayi no oasiyoŋ Laghouat, tawi ko ɓuri heewde e mum en fawii ko e ngalɗoo ɗaɓɓaande ; ndiyam kadi ina ƴettee e ɓulli keewɗi ɓuuɓnaaɗi sara maayo ngoo.[2] E nder dumunna toɓooli e nder ndunngu, maayo ngoo ina wallita e ƴellitde ndiyam Chott Melrhir, e nder ndunngu, maayo ngoo e les maayo ngoo ina yoora.[3][4] Maayo ngoo ina tolnoo e kilooji keewɗi njaajeendi, kono ŋorol maggol ina famɗi ɗo ndiyam ɓuuɓnata. Lelnde maayo ngoo ɓuri heewde ko jippunde e loope, ina waɗi batte ɓuuɓɗe jokkondirɗe e mbayliigaaji mawɗi ɓuuɓol ngol. Hay so tawii leydi nder maayo ngoo e saraaji mum ina nanndi e ndema, ina ɓuuɓi sabu ŋakkeende ndiyam. Ko ɗum waɗi leydi ndii ina moofta ɓuuɓri keewndi e nder jamma, ko ɗum addanta ndi ɓuuɓde seeɗa e nder ko ɓuri heewde e ñalawma.[5] Maayo ngo ina jogii ɓulli wadi keewɗi, ina heen Bedjran, Bicha, Mlili, Msaad e Mzi, ɗiin fof ina ummoo e nano, hay gooto e maɓɓe waawa yahde.[6] Maayo Djedi ina ilna sara wuro Laghouat (yimɓe mum ko hedde 125 000), wuro Sidi Khaled (yimɓe mum ~40 000) ina darii e bannge mum nano (fuɗnaange).[7] Innde maayo ngoo ina sikkaa ummorii ko e ɗemɗe berbeer en Irzer Idjdi firti ko maayo njaareendi ngo wayli e ɗemngal aarabeeɓe Ouad Djedi (firti ko maayo ngaari).[8] == Tuugnorgal == jzzyo6t4a6ohi6l8n4mnt7ipoy8rr2c 175902 175901 2026-06-23T09:48:28Z Nnamadee 11577 175902 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Maayo Djedi''', ina wiyee kadi Maayo Djeddi, Oued Djedi walla Ouad-ed-Djedi (aarabeere: وادي الجدي Wādī al-Jadī) ko wadi (maayo jogiingo ɓulli taƴondirɗi) e nder leydi Alseri kadi ina jeyaa e maayooji ɓurɗi mawnude e Saharaa. Nde fuɗɗotoo ko e koɗli Atlas Sahara, to tooweeki fotde 1 400 meeter (4 600 ft), nde rewi ko hedde 480 kiloomeeteer (300 mi) ko ina tolnoo e fuɗnaange haa fuɗnaange, nde yaltata ko e maayo Chott Melrhir to fotde –40 meeter (130 sean toɓɓere lowe) be Alseri.<ref>Annales des mines: Mémoires, Cadrilian-Gœury et Vor. Dalmont, 1880 pp. 154, 159, 172</ref> Ko toɓooli e neesuuji ɓuuɓɗi ñamlata ɗum, ina jogii ɓuuɓol duumingol tan e dow mum. Maayo ngoo ummotoo ko e ŋoral fuɗnaange Djebel Amour, sara wuro Aflou, ina ñammina leɗɗe daneeje keewɗe, ko wayi no oasiyoŋ Laghouat, tawi ko ɓuri heewde e mum en fawii ko e ngalɗoo ɗaɓɓaande ; ndiyam kadi ina ƴettee e ɓulli keewɗi ɓuuɓnaaɗi sara maayo ngoo.[2] E nder dumunna toɓooli e nder ndunngu, maayo ngoo ina wallita e ƴellitde ndiyam Chott Melrhir, e nder ndunngu, maayo ngoo e les maayo ngoo ina yoora.<ref>Jean-Louis Ballais. Des oueds mythiques aux rivières artificielles: l'hydrographie du Bas-Sahara algérien (in French). pp. 107–127.</ref> Maayo ngoo ina tolnoo e kilooji keewɗi njaajeendi, kono ŋorol maggol ina famɗi ɗo ndiyam ɓuuɓnata. Lelnde maayo ngoo ɓuri heewde ko jippunde e loope, ina waɗi batte ɓuuɓɗe jokkondirɗe e mbayliigaaji mawɗi ɓuuɓol ngol. Hay so tawii leydi nder maayo ngoo e saraaji mum ina nanndi e ndema, ina ɓuuɓi sabu ŋakkeende ndiyam. Ko ɗum waɗi leydi ndii ina moofta ɓuuɓri keewndi e nder jamma, ko ɗum addanta ndi ɓuuɓde seeɗa e nder ko ɓuri heewde e ñalawma.[5] Maayo ngo ina jogii ɓulli wadi keewɗi, ina heen Bedjran, Bicha, Mlili, Msaad e Mzi, ɗiin fof ina ummoo e nano, hay gooto e maɓɓe waawa yahde.[6] Maayo Djedi ina ilna sara wuro Laghouat (yimɓe mum ko hedde 125 000), wuro Sidi Khaled (yimɓe mum ~40 000) ina darii e bannge mum nano (fuɗnaange).[7] Innde maayo ngoo ina sikkaa ummorii ko e ɗemɗe berbeer en Irzer Idjdi firti ko maayo njaareendi ngo wayli e ɗemngal aarabeeɓe Ouad Djedi (firti ko maayo ngaari).[8] == Tuugnorgal == 3ui6cwf20oxkot20w96ce14xtfo20de 175903 175902 2026-06-23T09:48:53Z Nnamadee 11577 175903 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Maayo Djedi''', ina wiyee kadi Maayo Djeddi, Oued Djedi walla Ouad-ed-Djedi (aarabeere: وادي الجدي Wādī al-Jadī) ko wadi (maayo jogiingo ɓulli taƴondirɗi) e nder leydi Alseri kadi ina jeyaa e maayooji ɓurɗi mawnude e Saharaa. Nde fuɗɗotoo ko e koɗli Atlas Sahara, to tooweeki fotde 1 400 meeter (4 600 ft), nde rewi ko hedde 480 kiloomeeteer (300 mi) ko ina tolnoo e fuɗnaange haa fuɗnaange, nde yaltata ko e maayo Chott Melrhir to fotde –40 meeter (130 sean toɓɓere lowe) be Alseri.<ref>Annales des mines: Mémoires, Cadrilian-Gœury et Vor. Dalmont, 1880 pp. 154, 159, 172</ref> Ko toɓooli e neesuuji ɓuuɓɗi ñamlata ɗum, ina jogii ɓuuɓol duumingol tan e dow mum. Maayo ngoo ummotoo ko e ŋoral fuɗnaange Djebel Amour, sara wuro Aflou, ina ñammina leɗɗe daneeje keewɗe, ko wayi no oasiyoŋ Laghouat, tawi ko ɓuri heewde e mum en fawii ko e ngalɗoo ɗaɓɓaande ; ndiyam kadi ina ƴettee e ɓulli keewɗi ɓuuɓnaaɗi sara maayo ngoo.[2] E nder dumunna toɓooli e nder ndunngu, maayo ngoo ina wallita e ƴellitde ndiyam Chott Melrhir, e nder ndunngu, maayo ngoo e les maayo ngoo ina yoora.<ref>Jean-Louis Ballais. Des oueds mythiques aux rivières artificielles: l'hydrographie du Bas-Sahara algérien (in French). pp. 107–127.</ref><ref>The Annals and Magazine of Natural History: Including Zoology, Botany, and Geology, Taylor and Francis, Ltd., 1871 p. 377</ref> Maayo ngoo ina tolnoo e kilooji keewɗi njaajeendi, kono ŋorol maggol ina famɗi ɗo ndiyam ɓuuɓnata. Lelnde maayo ngoo ɓuri heewde ko jippunde e loope, ina waɗi batte ɓuuɓɗe jokkondirɗe e mbayliigaaji mawɗi ɓuuɓol ngol. Hay so tawii leydi nder maayo ngoo e saraaji mum ina nanndi e ndema, ina ɓuuɓi sabu ŋakkeende ndiyam. Ko ɗum waɗi leydi ndii ina moofta ɓuuɓri keewndi e nder jamma, ko ɗum addanta ndi ɓuuɓde seeɗa e nder ko ɓuri heewde e ñalawma.[5] Maayo ngo ina jogii ɓulli wadi keewɗi, ina heen Bedjran, Bicha, Mlili, Msaad e Mzi, ɗiin fof ina ummoo e nano, hay gooto e maɓɓe waawa yahde.[6] Maayo Djedi ina ilna sara wuro Laghouat (yimɓe mum ko hedde 125 000), wuro Sidi Khaled (yimɓe mum ~40 000) ina darii e bannge mum nano (fuɗnaange).[7] Innde maayo ngoo ina sikkaa ummorii ko e ɗemɗe berbeer en Irzer Idjdi firti ko maayo njaareendi ngo wayli e ɗemngal aarabeeɓe Ouad Djedi (firti ko maayo ngaari).[8] == Tuugnorgal == iyln3pno1g0ic34y1rt6gne5z76hlb4 175905 175903 2026-06-23T09:49:22Z Nnamadee 11577 175905 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Maayo Djedi''', ina wiyee kadi Maayo Djeddi, Oued Djedi walla Ouad-ed-Djedi (aarabeere: وادي الجدي Wādī al-Jadī) ko wadi (maayo jogiingo ɓulli taƴondirɗi) e nder leydi Alseri kadi ina jeyaa e maayooji ɓurɗi mawnude e Saharaa. Nde fuɗɗotoo ko e koɗli Atlas Sahara, to tooweeki fotde 1 400 meeter (4 600 ft), nde rewi ko hedde 480 kiloomeeteer (300 mi) ko ina tolnoo e fuɗnaange haa fuɗnaange, nde yaltata ko e maayo Chott Melrhir to fotde –40 meeter (130 sean toɓɓere lowe) be Alseri.<ref>Annales des mines: Mémoires, Cadrilian-Gœury et Vor. Dalmont, 1880 pp. 154, 159, 172</ref> Ko toɓooli e neesuuji ɓuuɓɗi ñamlata ɗum, ina jogii ɓuuɓol duumingol tan e dow mum. Maayo ngoo ummotoo ko e ŋoral fuɗnaange Djebel Amour, sara wuro Aflou, ina ñammina leɗɗe daneeje keewɗe, ko wayi no oasiyoŋ Laghouat, tawi ko ɓuri heewde e mum en fawii ko e ngalɗoo ɗaɓɓaande ; ndiyam kadi ina ƴettee e ɓulli keewɗi ɓuuɓnaaɗi sara maayo ngoo.<ref>Oued Djedi (or Djeddi) Archived October 12, 2012, at the Wayback Machine</ref> E nder dumunna toɓooli e nder ndunngu, maayo ngoo ina wallita e ƴellitde ndiyam Chott Melrhir, e nder ndunngu, maayo ngoo e les maayo ngoo ina yoora.<ref>Jean-Louis Ballais. Des oueds mythiques aux rivières artificielles: l'hydrographie du Bas-Sahara algérien (in French). pp. 107–127.</ref><ref>The Annals and Magazine of Natural History: Including Zoology, Botany, and Geology, Taylor and Francis, Ltd., 1871 p. 377</ref> Maayo ngoo ina tolnoo e kilooji keewɗi njaajeendi, kono ŋorol maggol ina famɗi ɗo ndiyam ɓuuɓnata. Lelnde maayo ngoo ɓuri heewde ko jippunde e loope, ina waɗi batte ɓuuɓɗe jokkondirɗe e mbayliigaaji mawɗi ɓuuɓol ngol. Hay so tawii leydi nder maayo ngoo e saraaji mum ina nanndi e ndema, ina ɓuuɓi sabu ŋakkeende ndiyam. Ko ɗum waɗi leydi ndii ina moofta ɓuuɓri keewndi e nder jamma, ko ɗum addanta ndi ɓuuɓde seeɗa e nder ko ɓuri heewde e ñalawma.[5] Maayo ngo ina jogii ɓulli wadi keewɗi, ina heen Bedjran, Bicha, Mlili, Msaad e Mzi, ɗiin fof ina ummoo e nano, hay gooto e maɓɓe waawa yahde.[6] Maayo Djedi ina ilna sara wuro Laghouat (yimɓe mum ko hedde 125 000), wuro Sidi Khaled (yimɓe mum ~40 000) ina darii e bannge mum nano (fuɗnaange).[7] Innde maayo ngoo ina sikkaa ummorii ko e ɗemɗe berbeer en Irzer Idjdi firti ko maayo njaareendi ngo wayli e ɗemngal aarabeeɓe Ouad Djedi (firti ko maayo ngaari).[8] == Tuugnorgal == 1yjjmrjeliwhc4drho4dj4d17cncjks 175906 175905 2026-06-23T09:49:47Z Nnamadee 11577 175906 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Maayo Djedi''', ina wiyee kadi Maayo Djeddi, Oued Djedi walla Ouad-ed-Djedi (aarabeere: وادي الجدي Wādī al-Jadī) ko wadi (maayo jogiingo ɓulli taƴondirɗi) e nder leydi Alseri kadi ina jeyaa e maayooji ɓurɗi mawnude e Saharaa. Nde fuɗɗotoo ko e koɗli Atlas Sahara, to tooweeki fotde 1 400 meeter (4 600 ft), nde rewi ko hedde 480 kiloomeeteer (300 mi) ko ina tolnoo e fuɗnaange haa fuɗnaange, nde yaltata ko e maayo Chott Melrhir to fotde –40 meeter (130 sean toɓɓere lowe) be Alseri.<ref>Annales des mines: Mémoires, Cadrilian-Gœury et Vor. Dalmont, 1880 pp. 154, 159, 172</ref> Ko toɓooli e neesuuji ɓuuɓɗi ñamlata ɗum, ina jogii ɓuuɓol duumingol tan e dow mum. Maayo ngoo ummotoo ko e ŋoral fuɗnaange Djebel Amour, sara wuro Aflou, ina ñammina leɗɗe daneeje keewɗe, ko wayi no oasiyoŋ Laghouat, tawi ko ɓuri heewde e mum en fawii ko e ngalɗoo ɗaɓɓaande ; ndiyam kadi ina ƴettee e ɓulli keewɗi ɓuuɓnaaɗi sara maayo ngoo.<ref>Oued Djedi (or Djeddi) Archived October 12, 2012, at the Wayback Machine</ref> E nder dumunna toɓooli e nder ndunngu, maayo ngoo ina wallita e ƴellitde ndiyam Chott Melrhir, e nder ndunngu, maayo ngoo e les maayo ngoo ina yoora.<ref>Jean-Louis Ballais. Des oueds mythiques aux rivières artificielles: l'hydrographie du Bas-Sahara algérien (in French). pp. 107–127.</ref><ref>The Annals and Magazine of Natural History: Including Zoology, Botany, and Geology, Taylor and Francis, Ltd., 1871 p. 377</ref> Maayo ngoo ina tolnoo e kilooji keewɗi njaajeendi, kono ŋorol maggol ina famɗi ɗo ndiyam ɓuuɓnata. Lelnde maayo ngoo ɓuri heewde ko jippunde e loope, ina waɗi batte ɓuuɓɗe jokkondirɗe e mbayliigaaji mawɗi ɓuuɓol ngol. Hay so tawii leydi nder maayo ngoo e saraaji mum ina nanndi e ndema, ina ɓuuɓi sabu ŋakkeende ndiyam. Ko ɗum waɗi leydi ndii ina moofta ɓuuɓri keewndi e nder jamma, ko ɗum addanta ndi ɓuuɓde seeɗa e nder ko ɓuri heewde e ñalawma.<ref>Henry Woodward Geological Magazine, Volume 1, Cambridge University Press., 1864, p. 28</ref> Maayo ngo ina jogii ɓulli wadi keewɗi, ina heen Bedjran, Bicha, Mlili, Msaad e Mzi, ɗiin fof ina ummoo e nano, hay gooto e maɓɓe waawa yahde.[6] Maayo Djedi ina ilna sara wuro Laghouat (yimɓe mum ko hedde 125 000), wuro Sidi Khaled (yimɓe mum ~40 000) ina darii e bannge mum nano (fuɗnaange).[7] Innde maayo ngoo ina sikkaa ummorii ko e ɗemɗe berbeer en Irzer Idjdi firti ko maayo njaareendi ngo wayli e ɗemngal aarabeeɓe Ouad Djedi (firti ko maayo ngaari).[8] == Tuugnorgal == egj4bkz74nns1lq2o1lbthotuyidc9s 175907 175906 2026-06-23T09:50:21Z Nnamadee 11577 175907 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Maayo Djedi''', ina wiyee kadi Maayo Djeddi, Oued Djedi walla Ouad-ed-Djedi (aarabeere: وادي الجدي Wādī al-Jadī) ko wadi (maayo jogiingo ɓulli taƴondirɗi) e nder leydi Alseri kadi ina jeyaa e maayooji ɓurɗi mawnude e Saharaa. Nde fuɗɗotoo ko e koɗli Atlas Sahara, to tooweeki fotde 1 400 meeter (4 600 ft), nde rewi ko hedde 480 kiloomeeteer (300 mi) ko ina tolnoo e fuɗnaange haa fuɗnaange, nde yaltata ko e maayo Chott Melrhir to fotde –40 meeter (130 sean toɓɓere lowe) be Alseri.<ref>Annales des mines: Mémoires, Cadrilian-Gœury et Vor. Dalmont, 1880 pp. 154, 159, 172</ref> Ko toɓooli e neesuuji ɓuuɓɗi ñamlata ɗum, ina jogii ɓuuɓol duumingol tan e dow mum. Maayo ngoo ummotoo ko e ŋoral fuɗnaange Djebel Amour, sara wuro Aflou, ina ñammina leɗɗe daneeje keewɗe, ko wayi no oasiyoŋ Laghouat, tawi ko ɓuri heewde e mum en fawii ko e ngalɗoo ɗaɓɓaande ; ndiyam kadi ina ƴettee e ɓulli keewɗi ɓuuɓnaaɗi sara maayo ngoo.<ref>Oued Djedi (or Djeddi) Archived October 12, 2012, at the Wayback Machine</ref> E nder dumunna toɓooli e nder ndunngu, maayo ngoo ina wallita e ƴellitde ndiyam Chott Melrhir, e nder ndunngu, maayo ngoo e les maayo ngoo ina yoora.<ref>Jean-Louis Ballais. Des oueds mythiques aux rivières artificielles: l'hydrographie du Bas-Sahara algérien (in French). pp. 107–127.</ref><ref>The Annals and Magazine of Natural History: Including Zoology, Botany, and Geology, Taylor and Francis, Ltd., 1871 p. 377</ref> Maayo ngoo ina tolnoo e kilooji keewɗi njaajeendi, kono ŋorol maggol ina famɗi ɗo ndiyam ɓuuɓnata. Lelnde maayo ngoo ɓuri heewde ko jippunde e loope, ina waɗi batte ɓuuɓɗe jokkondirɗe e mbayliigaaji mawɗi ɓuuɓol ngol. Hay so tawii leydi nder maayo ngoo e saraaji mum ina nanndi e ndema, ina ɓuuɓi sabu ŋakkeende ndiyam. Ko ɗum waɗi leydi ndii ina moofta ɓuuɓri keewndi e nder jamma, ko ɗum addanta ndi ɓuuɓde seeɗa e nder ko ɓuri heewde e ñalawma.<ref>Henry Woodward Geological Magazine, Volume 1, Cambridge University Press., 1864, p. 28</ref> Maayo ngo ina jogii ɓulli wadi keewɗi, ina heen Bedjran, Bicha, Mlili, Msaad e Mzi, ɗiin fof ina ummoo e nano, hay gooto e maɓɓe waawa yahde.<ref>William Austin Cannon (1913) Botanical features of the Algerian Sahara, Carnegie Institution of Washington</ref> Maayo Djedi ina ilna sara wuro Laghouat (yimɓe mum ko hedde 125 000), wuro Sidi Khaled (yimɓe mum ~40 000) ina darii e bannge mum nano (fuɗnaange).[7] Innde maayo ngoo ina sikkaa ummorii ko e ɗemɗe berbeer en Irzer Idjdi firti ko maayo njaareendi ngo wayli e ɗemngal aarabeeɓe Ouad Djedi (firti ko maayo ngaari).[8] == Tuugnorgal == 3q8t88suwri09lydfwbgnqfokrapwa9 175908 175907 2026-06-23T09:50:51Z Nnamadee 11577 175908 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Maayo Djedi''', ina wiyee kadi Maayo Djeddi, Oued Djedi walla Ouad-ed-Djedi (aarabeere: وادي الجدي Wādī al-Jadī) ko wadi (maayo jogiingo ɓulli taƴondirɗi) e nder leydi Alseri kadi ina jeyaa e maayooji ɓurɗi mawnude e Saharaa. Nde fuɗɗotoo ko e koɗli Atlas Sahara, to tooweeki fotde 1 400 meeter (4 600 ft), nde rewi ko hedde 480 kiloomeeteer (300 mi) ko ina tolnoo e fuɗnaange haa fuɗnaange, nde yaltata ko e maayo Chott Melrhir to fotde –40 meeter (130 sean toɓɓere lowe) be Alseri.<ref>Annales des mines: Mémoires, Cadrilian-Gœury et Vor. Dalmont, 1880 pp. 154, 159, 172</ref> Ko toɓooli e neesuuji ɓuuɓɗi ñamlata ɗum, ina jogii ɓuuɓol duumingol tan e dow mum. Maayo ngoo ummotoo ko e ŋoral fuɗnaange Djebel Amour, sara wuro Aflou, ina ñammina leɗɗe daneeje keewɗe, ko wayi no oasiyoŋ Laghouat, tawi ko ɓuri heewde e mum en fawii ko e ngalɗoo ɗaɓɓaande ; ndiyam kadi ina ƴettee e ɓulli keewɗi ɓuuɓnaaɗi sara maayo ngoo.<ref>Oued Djedi (or Djeddi) Archived October 12, 2012, at the Wayback Machine</ref> E nder dumunna toɓooli e nder ndunngu, maayo ngoo ina wallita e ƴellitde ndiyam Chott Melrhir, e nder ndunngu, maayo ngoo e les maayo ngoo ina yoora.<ref>Jean-Louis Ballais. Des oueds mythiques aux rivières artificielles: l'hydrographie du Bas-Sahara algérien (in French). pp. 107–127.</ref><ref>The Annals and Magazine of Natural History: Including Zoology, Botany, and Geology, Taylor and Francis, Ltd., 1871 p. 377</ref> Maayo ngoo ina tolnoo e kilooji keewɗi njaajeendi, kono ŋorol maggol ina famɗi ɗo ndiyam ɓuuɓnata. Lelnde maayo ngoo ɓuri heewde ko jippunde e loope, ina waɗi batte ɓuuɓɗe jokkondirɗe e mbayliigaaji mawɗi ɓuuɓol ngol. Hay so tawii leydi nder maayo ngoo e saraaji mum ina nanndi e ndema, ina ɓuuɓi sabu ŋakkeende ndiyam. Ko ɗum waɗi leydi ndii ina moofta ɓuuɓri keewndi e nder jamma, ko ɗum addanta ndi ɓuuɓde seeɗa e nder ko ɓuri heewde e ñalawma.<ref>Henry Woodward Geological Magazine, Volume 1, Cambridge University Press., 1864, p. 28</ref> Maayo ngo ina jogii ɓulli wadi keewɗi, ina heen Bedjran, Bicha, Mlili, Msaad e Mzi, ɗiin fof ina ummoo e nano, hay gooto e maɓɓe waawa yahde.<ref>William Austin Cannon (1913) Botanical features of the Algerian Sahara, Carnegie Institution of Washington</ref> Maayo Djedi ina ilna sara wuro Laghouat (yimɓe mum ko hedde 125 000), wuro Sidi Khaled (yimɓe mum ~40 000) ina darii e bannge mum nano (fuɗnaange).<ref>Hizia a nomadic homeland Archived January 31, 2011, at the Wayback Machine</ref> Innde maayo ngoo ina sikkaa ummorii ko e ɗemɗe berbeer en Irzer Idjdi firti ko maayo njaareendi ngo wayli e ɗemngal aarabeeɓe Ouad Djedi (firti ko maayo ngaari).[8] == Tuugnorgal == 4houjappbd14bwg5nqkwcw6824unhfx 175909 175908 2026-06-23T09:51:19Z Nnamadee 11577 175909 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Maayo Djedi''', ina wiyee kadi Maayo Djeddi, Oued Djedi walla Ouad-ed-Djedi (aarabeere: وادي الجدي Wādī al-Jadī) ko wadi (maayo jogiingo ɓulli taƴondirɗi) e nder leydi Alseri kadi ina jeyaa e maayooji ɓurɗi mawnude e Saharaa. Nde fuɗɗotoo ko e koɗli Atlas Sahara, to tooweeki fotde 1 400 meeter (4 600 ft), nde rewi ko hedde 480 kiloomeeteer (300 mi) ko ina tolnoo e fuɗnaange haa fuɗnaange, nde yaltata ko e maayo Chott Melrhir to fotde –40 meeter (130 sean toɓɓere lowe) be Alseri.<ref>Annales des mines: Mémoires, Cadrilian-Gœury et Vor. Dalmont, 1880 pp. 154, 159, 172</ref> Ko toɓooli e neesuuji ɓuuɓɗi ñamlata ɗum, ina jogii ɓuuɓol duumingol tan e dow mum. Maayo ngoo ummotoo ko e ŋoral fuɗnaange Djebel Amour, sara wuro Aflou, ina ñammina leɗɗe daneeje keewɗe, ko wayi no oasiyoŋ Laghouat, tawi ko ɓuri heewde e mum en fawii ko e ngalɗoo ɗaɓɓaande ; ndiyam kadi ina ƴettee e ɓulli keewɗi ɓuuɓnaaɗi sara maayo ngoo.<ref>Oued Djedi (or Djeddi) Archived October 12, 2012, at the Wayback Machine</ref> E nder dumunna toɓooli e nder ndunngu, maayo ngoo ina wallita e ƴellitde ndiyam Chott Melrhir, e nder ndunngu, maayo ngoo e les maayo ngoo ina yoora.<ref>Jean-Louis Ballais. Des oueds mythiques aux rivières artificielles: l'hydrographie du Bas-Sahara algérien (in French). pp. 107–127.</ref><ref>The Annals and Magazine of Natural History: Including Zoology, Botany, and Geology, Taylor and Francis, Ltd., 1871 p. 377</ref> Maayo ngoo ina tolnoo e kilooji keewɗi njaajeendi, kono ŋorol maggol ina famɗi ɗo ndiyam ɓuuɓnata. Lelnde maayo ngoo ɓuri heewde ko jippunde e loope, ina waɗi batte ɓuuɓɗe jokkondirɗe e mbayliigaaji mawɗi ɓuuɓol ngol. Hay so tawii leydi nder maayo ngoo e saraaji mum ina nanndi e ndema, ina ɓuuɓi sabu ŋakkeende ndiyam. Ko ɗum waɗi leydi ndii ina moofta ɓuuɓri keewndi e nder jamma, ko ɗum addanta ndi ɓuuɓde seeɗa e nder ko ɓuri heewde e ñalawma.<ref>Henry Woodward Geological Magazine, Volume 1, Cambridge University Press., 1864, p. 28</ref> Maayo ngo ina jogii ɓulli wadi keewɗi, ina heen Bedjran, Bicha, Mlili, Msaad e Mzi, ɗiin fof ina ummoo e nano, hay gooto e maɓɓe waawa yahde.<ref>William Austin Cannon (1913) Botanical features of the Algerian Sahara, Carnegie Institution of Washington</ref> Maayo Djedi ina ilna sara wuro Laghouat (yimɓe mum ko hedde 125 000), wuro Sidi Khaled (yimɓe mum ~40 000) ina darii e bannge mum nano (fuɗnaange).<ref>Hizia a nomadic homeland Archived January 31, 2011, at the Wayback Machine</ref> Innde maayo ngoo ina sikkaa ummorii ko e ɗemɗe berbeer en Irzer Idjdi firti ko maayo njaareendi ngo wayli e ɗemngal aarabeeɓe Ouad Djedi (firti ko maayo ngaari).<ref>John Reynell Morell (1984) Algeria: the topography and history, political, social and natural of French Africa <nowiki>ISBN 1-85077-017-4</nowiki> (search for Ouad-ed-Djedi)</ref> == Tuugnorgal == mjntmbn2zubordw5hsss7tbt06kabyv 175911 175909 2026-06-23T09:51:48Z Nnamadee 11577 175911 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Maayo Djedi''', ina wiyee kadi Maayo Djeddi, Oued Djedi walla Ouad-ed-Djedi (aarabeere: وادي الجدي Wādī al-Jadī) ko wadi (maayo jogiingo ɓulli taƴondirɗi) e nder leydi Alseri kadi ina jeyaa e maayooji ɓurɗi mawnude e Saharaa. Nde fuɗɗotoo ko e koɗli Atlas Sahara, to tooweeki fotde 1 400 meeter (4 600 ft), nde rewi ko hedde 480 kiloomeeteer (300 mi) ko ina tolnoo e fuɗnaange haa fuɗnaange, nde yaltata ko e maayo Chott Melrhir to fotde –40 meeter (130 sean toɓɓere lowe) be Alseri.<ref>Annales des mines: Mémoires, Cadrilian-Gœury et Vor. Dalmont, 1880 pp. 154, 159, 172</ref> Ko toɓooli e neesuuji ɓuuɓɗi ñamlata ɗum, ina jogii ɓuuɓol duumingol tan e dow mum. Maayo ngoo ummotoo ko e ŋoral fuɗnaange Djebel Amour, sara wuro Aflou, ina ñammina leɗɗe daneeje keewɗe, ko wayi no oasiyoŋ Laghouat, tawi ko ɓuri heewde e mum en fawii ko e ngalɗoo ɗaɓɓaande ; ndiyam kadi ina ƴettee e ɓulli keewɗi ɓuuɓnaaɗi sara maayo ngoo.<ref>Oued Djedi (or Djeddi) Archived October 12, 2012, at the Wayback Machine</ref> E nder dumunna toɓooli e nder ndunngu, maayo ngoo ina wallita e ƴellitde ndiyam Chott Melrhir, e nder ndunngu, maayo ngoo e les maayo ngoo ina yoora.<ref>Jean-Louis Ballais. Des oueds mythiques aux rivières artificielles: l'hydrographie du Bas-Sahara algérien (in French). pp. 107–127.</ref><ref>The Annals and Magazine of Natural History: Including Zoology, Botany, and Geology, Taylor and Francis, Ltd., 1871 p. 377</ref> Maayo ngoo ina tolnoo e kilooji keewɗi njaajeendi, kono ŋorol maggol ina famɗi ɗo ndiyam ɓuuɓnata. Lelnde maayo ngoo ɓuri heewde ko jippunde e loope, ina waɗi batte ɓuuɓɗe jokkondirɗe e mbayliigaaji mawɗi ɓuuɓol ngol. Hay so tawii leydi nder maayo ngoo e saraaji mum ina nanndi e ndema, ina ɓuuɓi sabu ŋakkeende ndiyam. Ko ɗum waɗi leydi ndii ina moofta ɓuuɓri keewndi e nder jamma, ko ɗum addanta ndi ɓuuɓde seeɗa e nder ko ɓuri heewde e ñalawma.<ref>Henry Woodward Geological Magazine, Volume 1, Cambridge University Press., 1864, p. 28</ref> Maayo ngo ina jogii ɓulli wadi keewɗi, ina heen Bedjran, Bicha, Mlili, Msaad e Mzi, ɗiin fof ina ummoo e nano, hay gooto e maɓɓe waawa yahde.<ref>William Austin Cannon (1913) Botanical features of the Algerian Sahara, Carnegie Institution of Washington</ref> Maayo Djedi ina ilna sara wuro Laghouat (yimɓe mum ko hedde 125 000), wuro Sidi Khaled (yimɓe mum ~40 000) ina darii e bannge mum nano (fuɗnaange).<ref>Hizia a nomadic homeland Archived January 31, 2011, at the Wayback Machine</ref> Innde maayo ngoo ina sikkaa ummorii ko e ɗemɗe berbeer en Irzer Idjdi firti ko maayo njaareendi ngo wayli e ɗemngal aarabeeɓe Ouad Djedi (firti ko maayo ngaari).<ref>John Reynell Morell (1984) Algeria: the topography and history, political, social and natural of French Africa <nowiki>ISBN 1-85077-017-4</nowiki> (search for Ouad-ed-Djedi)</ref> == Tuugnorgal == 5km9g04zuzbp8xfh5p3pmj8rjq7qyfg 0 42449 175904 2026-06-23T09:49:03Z Isa Oumar 9821 Created page with "'''Great Ovedje''' Ogboru (jibinaa ko 10 abriil 1958) ko jom ngalu e politikyanke Najeriya, o wonnoo ko kanndidaa guwerneer e nder fedde Demokaraasi,<ref>{{cite news|last1=Mmuta|first1=Cajetan|title=Tribunal: Ibori Defeats Ogboru|work=Daily Champion|date=April 13, 2006}}</ref> lannda yimɓe demokaraasi e lannda gollotooɓe e wooteeji 2003, 2007 e 2015 ngam wonde guwerneer diiwaan Delta.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2018/04/man-great-ovedje-ogboru/amp/|..." 175904 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Great Ovedje''' Ogboru (jibinaa ko 10 abriil 1958) ko jom ngalu e politikyanke Najeriya, o wonnoo ko kanndidaa guwerneer e nder fedde Demokaraasi,<ref>{{cite news|last1=Mmuta|first1=Cajetan|title=Tribunal: Ibori Defeats Ogboru|work=Daily Champion|date=April 13, 2006}}</ref> lannda yimɓe demokaraasi e lannda gollotooɓe e wooteeji 2003, 2007 e 2015 ngam wonde guwerneer diiwaan Delta.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2018/04/man-great-ovedje-ogboru/amp/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|title=The man, Great Ovedje Ogboru|date=10 April 2018|newspaper=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]]}}</ref> O woniino kadi cuɓaaɗo guwerneer e nder wooteeji guwerneeruuji diiwaan Delta 2019.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2021-02-07|title=Delta 2023: Omo- Agege, Ogboru in battle of wits|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2021/02/delta-2023-omo-agege-ogboru-in-battle-of-wits/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=2022-03-04|newspaper=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]]|language=en-US}}</ref> Nguurndam e jaŋde puɗɗagol Ogboru jibinaa ko ñalnde 10 abriil 1958 to Port Harcourt. Ogboru heɓi jaŋde mum ko adii fof to duɗal leslesal Municipal, Port Harcourt, kono o yalti wuro ngo ngam jokkude jaŋde makko to duɗal leslesal to Abraka. Kanko noon, o timmini jaŋde makko leslesre to duɗal leslesal Oharisi, Ughelli .<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2018/04/man-great-ovedje-ogboru/amp/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|title=The man, Great Ovedje Ogboru|date=10 April 2018|newspaper=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]]}}</ref>O naati duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde laamu, Ughelli, tuggi 1971 haa 1975. O wonii jannginoowo, nde o woni e golle, o heɓi seedantaagal toowngal yaajngal e hitaande 1980. Nde o woni to leydi Angalteer, o naati duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde biyeteengal The Chartered Institute of Marketing, to Londres. Caggal ɗuum, o naati duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Huron USA to Londres, calɗi duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Huron to Dakota du Sud, o heɓi dipolom Master e njuɓɓudi njulaagu. O heɓi kadi dipoloma makko ko faati e jokkondiral hakkunde leyɗeele to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Kent to Canterbury .<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2018/04/man-great-ovedje-ogboru/amp/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|title=The man, Great Ovedje Ogboru|date=10 April 2018|newspaper=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=2019-02-06|title=#BBCGovDebate: Meet di candidates for Delta|work=BBC News Pidgin|url=https://www.bbc.com/pidgin/47147553|access-date=2020-05-04}}</ref> == Kugal == E hitaande 1984, o gollinaama e sosiyetee liɗɗi to Lagos, o woni ofisee njulaagu. E hitaande 1987, o yalti e fedde liɗɗi ngam fuɗɗaade gollorde makko keeriinde, wiyeteende Fiogret Ltd, caggal ɗuum nde mawni, nde yaaji haa won e leyɗeele Afrik goɗɗe. E oon sahaa o woni e njulaagu liɗɗi, o naati e njulaagu goɗɗo, ina jeyaa heen sosiyetee mobelaaji Warri e Bureau de Change..<ref name="fid2">{{cite book|last1=Ihundu|first1=Fidelis|title=Major Gideon Orkar : the making of a revolutionary|date=2004|publisher=Cuban Press|pages=44–45}}</ref><ref name="fid">{{cite book|last1=Ihundu|first1=Fidelis|title=Major Gideon Orkar : the making of a revolutionary|date=2004|publisher=Cuban Press|pages=44–45}}</ref> E lewru abriil 1990, Ogboru ñaawaama e kuudetaa mo Gideon Orkar waɗi, o dogi leydi ndii rewrude e keeri Seme e ballal miñiiko, Turner Ogboru. Njuɓɓudi konu caggal ɗuum nanngi Turner e ƴattaade banndiraaɓe Ogboru, ɓe ndartinaani loppitgol jawdi makko e juuɗe soldateeɓe.<ref>{{cite news|title=Ogboru: Home-coming At Last.|work=P.M. News|date=June 30, 2000}}</ref> Ogboru fuɗɗii dogde ko Londres kono caggal ɗuum o ummiima Angola e Namibi. Ogboru warti lesdi Naajeeriya nder lewru Juko hitaande 2000, o nasti nder kuugal demokaraasi bee sosngo kawtal lesdi Naajeeriya (SSRC). O tabitini hoore maako bana kanndidaajo luutndiiɗo laamu lesdi Delta, James Ibori, les lannda Demokaraasi yimɓe (PDP) nden o tawtoraama suɓol laamu haa lesdi Delta nder hitaande 2003 .<ref>{{cite news|last1=Omame|first1=Nath Jr|date=December 5, 2002|title=Ogboru, Symbol of Delta Opposition|work=Vanguard}}</ref>E wooteeji 2007, Ogboru haɓaama ngam suɓaade guwerneer e les njiimaandi lannda yimɓe Demokaraasi (DPP) e Emmanuel Uduaghan mo lannda Demokaraasi Leƴƴi (PDP) o fooli Emmanuel Uduagha kadi e woote 2011, hay so tawii o haɓaama e les njiimaandi Parti Labour. E nder wooteeji guwerneeruuji diiwaan Delta ɗi hitaande 2015, Ogboru ina ɗaɓɓi guwerneer e les njiimaandi fedde wiyeteende APC. O fooli ɗum ko Ifeanyi Okowa mo lannda Demokaraasi Leƴƴi (PDP).<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://thenationonlineng.net/okowa-ogboru-wins-delta-governorship-poll/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|title=Okowa, Ogboru: Who wins Delta governorship poll? - the Nation Newspaper|date=19 December 2018|newspaper=[[The Nation (Nigeria)|The Nation]]}}</ref> E nder wooteeji guwerneeruuji diiwaan Delta e hitaande 2019, Ogboru, les njiimaandi Kongres (APC) fooli Ifeanyi Okowa.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://saharareporters.com/2019/03/11/just-2015-okowa-mauls-great-ogboru-win-delta-governorship-election|title=Just Like In 2015, Okowa Mauls Great Ogboru To Win Delta Governorship Election {{!}} Sahara Reporters|date=11 March 2019}}</ref> {{Databox}}Tuugnorgal otz9h284f1jhbp76oqa3htx4v8fcx5l 0 42450 175912 2026-06-23T09:55:35Z Nnamadee 11577 Created page with "'''Draa''' (aarabeeɓe: وادي درعة, e ɗemngal romaan: wādī dar'a; kadi ina winndaa Dra walla Drâa, e nder binndanɗe ɓooyɗe ko ɓuri heewde ko Darha walla Dara) ko maayo ɓurngo juutde e leydi Maruk, ngo njuuteendi mum ko 1 100 kiloomeeteer (680 mi). Nde sosaa ko nde maayo Dadès e maayo Imini kawri. Nde ummotoo ko e koɗli Atlas toowɗo, nde ummotoo ko to fuɗnaange-rewo haa Tagounite, nde ummotoo ko Tagounite ko ɓuri heewde ko to bannge hirnaange haa to h..." 175912 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Draa''' (aarabeeɓe: وادي درعة, e ɗemngal romaan: wādī dar'a; kadi ina winndaa Dra walla Drâa, e nder binndanɗe ɓooyɗe ko ɓuri heewde ko Darha walla Dara) ko maayo ɓurngo juutde e leydi Maruk, ngo njuuteendi mum ko 1 100 kiloomeeteer (680 mi). Nde sosaa ko nde maayo Dadès e maayo Imini kawri. Nde ummotoo ko e koɗli Atlas toowɗo, nde ummotoo ko to fuɗnaange-rewo haa Tagounite, nde ummotoo ko Tagounite ko ɓuri heewde ko to bannge hirnaange haa to hunduko mayre e nder geec Atlantik won ɗo to fuɗnaange Tan-Tan. E hitaande 1971, baraas (El) Mansour Eddahabi mahaa ngam huutoraade laamorgo diiwaan oo, hono Waarzazate, e yuɓɓinde doggol Draa. Ko ɓuri heewde e hitaande feccere Draa caggal Tagounite ina yoora. E feccere adannde e teeminannde 20ɓiire, laawol ɓurngol lesɗude ngol Draa woni keeri hakkunde protektorat Farayse e Maruk e nokku mo Espaañ laami. Falnde ndee ina waɗi ɓulli Fezouata, ko ɗiin ngoni ɓulli Burgess ɗi mbaydiiji mum en njahrata ko e Ordovicien les, ina kebbina windoore ndeenka teeŋtunde hakkunde lagerstätten Kambriyankeewo keewɗo e ɓulli Soom Ordovicien cakkitiiɗi ɗii.[3] E nder fauna fossilized ina woodi tagooje keewɗe ɗe cikkatnoo ko adii ɗuum maayii caggal cakkital Kambriyan.[4] == Tariya == === Ko adii daartol === Golle aadee e nder falnde Draa e koɗli saraaji mum ina njokki ko famɗi fof e Paleolitik les, hono no kuutorɗe Oldowan e Acheule tawaaɗe sara Tamegroute seedtorii nii. Nokkuuji Paleolitik hakkundeeji ina keewi.[5] Naalankaagal kaaƴe jamaanu Neolitik ina tawee e nder falnde Draa fof, ina hollira dille dogdu kam e jawdi ndariindi.[6] Taariindi nokkuuji ɗii laaɓaani, kono ko adii fof ina waawi wonde ko e ujunnaaje 3ɓiire ko adii jibineede Iisaa.[7] === Ko adii hitaande 1054 === E laamu Wattasid Abuu al-Abbas Ahmadu ibn Muhammadu, Askia Ishaq I mo laamu Songhai neldi tuwaareg en e nder falnde Draa ngam yoɓde tooñannge dipolomaasi ɗo Maruk ɗaɓɓiri yoɓde lowre salte Taghaza nde nafoore mum tolnii.[10] === Saadi === [11] [12] === Alaowinaaɓe === ne96epenx0suhyva7ad7xh0v2459arz 175914 175912 2026-06-23T09:55:52Z Nnamadee 11577 175914 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Draa''' (aarabeeɓe: وادي درعة, e ɗemngal romaan: wādī dar'a; kadi ina winndaa Dra walla Drâa, e nder binndanɗe ɓooyɗe ko ɓuri heewde ko Darha walla Dara) ko maayo ɓurngo juutde e leydi Maruk, ngo njuuteendi mum ko 1 100 kiloomeeteer (680 mi). Nde sosaa ko nde maayo Dadès e maayo Imini kawri. Nde ummotoo ko e koɗli Atlas toowɗo, nde ummotoo ko to fuɗnaange-rewo haa Tagounite, nde ummotoo ko Tagounite ko ɓuri heewde ko to bannge hirnaange haa to hunduko mayre e nder geec Atlantik won ɗo to fuɗnaange Tan-Tan. E hitaande 1971, baraas (El) Mansour Eddahabi mahaa ngam huutoraade laamorgo diiwaan oo, hono Waarzazate, e yuɓɓinde doggol Draa. Ko ɓuri heewde e hitaande feccere Draa caggal Tagounite ina yoora. E feccere adannde e teeminannde 20ɓiire, laawol ɓurngol lesɗude ngol Draa woni keeri hakkunde protektorat Farayse e Maruk e nokku mo Espaañ laami. Falnde ndee ina waɗi ɓulli Fezouata, ko ɗiin ngoni ɓulli Burgess ɗi mbaydiiji mum en njahrata ko e Ordovicien les, ina kebbina windoore ndeenka teeŋtunde hakkunde lagerstätten Kambriyankeewo keewɗo e ɓulli Soom Ordovicien cakkitiiɗi ɗii.[3] E nder fauna fossilized ina woodi tagooje keewɗe ɗe cikkatnoo ko adii ɗuum maayii caggal cakkital Kambriyan.[4] == Tariya == === Ko adii daartol === Golle aadee e nder falnde Draa e koɗli saraaji mum ina njokki ko famɗi fof e Paleolitik les, hono no kuutorɗe Oldowan e Acheule tawaaɗe sara Tamegroute seedtorii nii. Nokkuuji Paleolitik hakkundeeji ina keewi.[5] Naalankaagal kaaƴe jamaanu Neolitik ina tawee e nder falnde Draa fof, ina hollira dille dogdu kam e jawdi ndariindi.[6] Taariindi nokkuuji ɗii laaɓaani, kono ko adii fof ina waawi wonde ko e ujunnaaje 3ɓiire ko adii jibineede Iisaa.[7] === Ko adii hitaande 1054 === E laamu Wattasid Abuu al-Abbas Ahmadu ibn Muhammadu, Askia Ishaq I mo laamu Songhai neldi tuwaareg en e nder falnde Draa ngam yoɓde tooñannge dipolomaasi ɗo Maruk ɗaɓɓiri yoɓde lowre salte Taghaza nde nafoore mum tolnii.[10] === Saadi === [11] [12] === Alaowinaaɓe === gh3heahvtt9bi5z2dz2t6ge05wl9p12 175916 175914 2026-06-23T09:57:27Z Nnamadee 11577 175916 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Draa''' (aarabeeɓe: وادي درعة, e ɗemngal romaan: wādī dar'a; kadi ina winndaa Dra walla Drâa, e nder binndanɗe ɓooyɗe ko ɓuri heewde ko Darha walla Dara) ko maayo ɓurngo juutde e leydi Maruk, ngo njuuteendi mum ko 1 100 kiloomeeteer (680 mi). Nde sosaa ko nde maayo Dadès e maayo Imini kawri. Nde ummotoo ko e koɗli Atlas toowɗo, nde ummotoo ko to fuɗnaange-rewo haa Tagounite, nde ummotoo ko Tagounite ko ɓuri heewde ko to bannge hirnaange haa to hunduko mayre e nder geec Atlantik won ɗo to fuɗnaange Tan-Tan. E hitaande 1971, baraas (El) Mansour Eddahabi mahaa ngam huutoraade laamorgo diiwaan oo, hono Waarzazate, e yuɓɓinde doggol Draa. Ko ɓuri heewde e hitaande feccere Draa caggal Tagounite ina yoora. E feccere adannde e teeminannde 20ɓiire, laawol ɓurngol lesɗude ngol Draa woni keeri hakkunde protektorat Farayse e Maruk e nokku mo Espaañ laami. Falnde ndee ina waɗi ɓulli Fezouata, ko ɗiin ngoni ɓulli Burgess ɗi mbaydiiji mum en njahrata ko e Ordovicien les, ina kebbina windoore ndeenka teeŋtunde hakkunde lagerstätten Kambriyankeewo keewɗo e ɓulli Soom Ordovicien cakkitiiɗi ɗii.[3] E nder fauna fossilized ina woodi tagooje keewɗe ɗe cikkatnoo ko adii ɗuum maayii caggal cakkital Kambriyan.[4] == Tariya == === Ko adii daartol === Golle aadee e nder falnde Draa e koɗli saraaji mum ina njokki ko famɗi fof e Paleolitik les, hono no kuutorɗe Oldowan e Acheule tawaaɗe sara Tamegroute seedtorii nii. Nokkuuji Paleolitik hakkundeeji ina keewi.[5] Naalankaagal kaaƴe jamaanu Neolitik ina tawee e nder falnde Draa fof, ina hollira dille dogdu kam e jawdi ndariindi.[6] Taariindi nokkuuji ɗii laaɓaani, kono ko adii fof ina waawi wonde ko e ujunnaaje 3ɓiire ko adii jibineede Iisaa.[7] === Ko adii hitaande 1054 === [[Image:Ptolemy11.jpg|thumb|upright=1.35|Ptolemy's map of Africa. The River Draa, Dara fl. is in the center of the map, just south of the mountain range, above the word Garamantes. fl. is an abbreviation for flumen, Latin river.]] E laamu Wattasid Abuu al-Abbas Ahmadu ibn Muhammadu, Askia Ishaq I mo laamu Songhai neldi tuwaareg en e nder falnde Draa ngam yoɓde tooñannge dipolomaasi ɗo Maruk ɗaɓɓiri yoɓde lowre salte Taghaza nde nafoore mum tolnii.[10] === Saadi === [11] [12] === Alaowinaaɓe === qmgaxzgmjumfur7cjoxaj6a65nhopxa 175917 175916 2026-06-23T09:58:46Z Nnamadee 11577 175917 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Draa''' (aarabeeɓe: وادي درعة, e ɗemngal romaan: wādī dar'a; kadi ina winndaa Dra walla Drâa, e nder binndanɗe ɓooyɗe ko ɓuri heewde ko Darha walla Dara) ko maayo ɓurngo juutde e leydi Maruk, ngo njuuteendi mum ko 1 100 kiloomeeteer (680 mi). Nde sosaa ko nde maayo Dadès e maayo Imini kawri. Nde ummotoo ko e koɗli Atlas toowɗo, nde ummotoo ko to fuɗnaange-rewo haa Tagounite, nde ummotoo ko Tagounite ko ɓuri heewde ko to bannge hirnaange haa to hunduko mayre e nder geec Atlantik won ɗo to fuɗnaange Tan-Tan. E hitaande 1971, baraas (El) Mansour Eddahabi mahaa ngam huutoraade laamorgo diiwaan oo, hono Waarzazate, e yuɓɓinde doggol Draa. Ko ɓuri heewde e hitaande feccere Draa caggal Tagounite ina yoora. E feccere adannde e teeminannde 20ɓiire, laawol ɓurngol lesɗude ngol Draa woni keeri hakkunde protektorat Farayse e Maruk e nokku mo Espaañ laami. Falnde ndee ina waɗi ɓulli Fezouata, ko ɗiin ngoni ɓulli Burgess ɗi mbaydiiji mum en njahrata ko e Ordovicien les, ina kebbina windoore ndeenka teeŋtunde hakkunde lagerstätten Kambriyankeewo keewɗo e ɓulli Soom Ordovicien cakkitiiɗi ɗii.[3] E nder fauna fossilized ina woodi tagooje keewɗe ɗe cikkatnoo ko adii ɗuum maayii caggal cakkital Kambriyan.[4] == Tariya == === Ko adii daartol === Golle aadee e nder falnde Draa e koɗli saraaji mum ina njokki ko famɗi fof e Paleolitik les, hono no kuutorɗe Oldowan e Acheule tawaaɗe sara Tamegroute seedtorii nii. Nokkuuji Paleolitik hakkundeeji ina keewi.[5] Naalankaagal kaaƴe jamaanu Neolitik ina tawee e nder falnde Draa fof, ina hollira dille dogdu kam e jawdi ndariindi.[6] Taariindi nokkuuji ɗii laaɓaani, kono ko adii fof ina waawi wonde ko e ujunnaaje 3ɓiire ko adii jibineede Iisaa.[7] === Ko adii hitaande 1054 === [[Image:Ptolemy11.jpg|thumb|upright=1.35|Ptolemy's map of Africa. The River Draa, Dara fl. is in the center of the map, just south of the mountain range, above the word Garamantes. fl. is an abbreviation for flumen, Latin river.]] E laamu Wattasid Abuu al-Abbas Ahmadu ibn Muhammadu, Askia Ishaq I mo laamu Songhai neldi tuwaareg en e nder falnde Draa ngam yoɓde tooñannge dipolomaasi ɗo Maruk ɗaɓɓiri yoɓde lowre salte Taghaza nde nafoore mum tolnii.[10] === Saadi === [11] [12] === Alaowinaaɓe === [[Image:The river draa.JPG|right|thumb|The Draa river]] 6bpxrnvdx7lm6q7meshig82uw39w6m7 175918 175917 2026-06-23T10:00:40Z Nnamadee 11577 175918 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Draa''' (aarabeeɓe: وادي درعة, e ɗemngal romaan: wādī dar'a; kadi ina winndaa Dra walla Drâa, e nder binndanɗe ɓooyɗe ko ɓuri heewde ko Darha walla Dara) ko maayo ɓurngo juutde e leydi Maruk, ngo njuuteendi mum ko 1 100 kiloomeeteer (680 mi). Nde sosaa ko nde maayo Dadès e maayo Imini kawri. Nde ummotoo ko e koɗli Atlas toowɗo, nde ummotoo ko to fuɗnaange-rewo haa Tagounite, nde ummotoo ko Tagounite ko ɓuri heewde ko to bannge hirnaange haa to hunduko mayre e nder geec Atlantik won ɗo to fuɗnaange Tan-Tan. E hitaande 1971, baraas (El) Mansour Eddahabi mahaa ngam huutoraade laamorgo diiwaan oo, hono Waarzazate, e yuɓɓinde doggol Draa. Ko ɓuri heewde e hitaande feccere Draa caggal Tagounite ina yoora. E feccere adannde e teeminannde 20ɓiire, laawol ɓurngol lesɗude ngol Draa woni keeri hakkunde protektorat Farayse e Maruk e nokku mo Espaañ laami. Falnde ndee ina waɗi ɓulli Fezouata, ko ɗiin ngoni ɓulli Burgess ɗi mbaydiiji mum en njahrata ko e Ordovicien les, ina kebbina windoore ndeenka teeŋtunde hakkunde lagerstätten Kambriyankeewo keewɗo e ɓulli Soom Ordovicien cakkitiiɗi ɗii.[3] E nder fauna fossilized ina woodi tagooje keewɗe ɗe cikkatnoo ko adii ɗuum maayii caggal cakkital Kambriyan.[4] == Tariya == === Ko adii daartol === Golle aadee e nder falnde Draa e koɗli saraaji mum ina njokki ko famɗi fof e Paleolitik les, hono no kuutorɗe Oldowan e Acheule tawaaɗe sara Tamegroute seedtorii nii. Nokkuuji Paleolitik hakkundeeji ina keewi.[5] Naalankaagal kaaƴe jamaanu Neolitik ina tawee e nder falnde Draa fof, ina hollira dille dogdu kam e jawdi ndariindi.[6] Taariindi nokkuuji ɗii laaɓaani, kono ko adii fof ina waawi wonde ko e ujunnaaje 3ɓiire ko adii jibineede Iisaa.[7] === Ko adii hitaande 1054 === [[Image:Ptolemy11.jpg|thumb|upright=1.35|Ptolemy's map of Africa. The River Draa, Dara fl. is in the center of the map, just south of the mountain range, above the word Garamantes. fl. is an abbreviation for flumen, Latin river.]] E laamu Wattasid Abuu al-Abbas Ahmadu ibn Muhammadu, Askia Ishaq I mo laamu Songhai neldi tuwaareg en e nder falnde Draa ngam yoɓde tooñannge dipolomaasi ɗo Maruk ɗaɓɓiri yoɓde lowre salte Taghaza nde nafoore mum tolnii.[10] === Saadi === [11] [12] === Alaowinaaɓe === [[Image:The river draa.JPG|right|thumb|The Draa river]] [[Image:Darha.jpg|thumb|upright=1.6|Map of Southern Morocco, 1705, by Nicolaas Sanson (Province of Darha/Draa with pink borders in the middle of the map)]] p1s8sjaarfl2g1u747qin0s2iq3pzge 175919 175918 2026-06-23T10:01:53Z Nnamadee 11577 175919 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Draa''' (aarabeeɓe: وادي درعة, e ɗemngal romaan: wādī dar'a; kadi ina winndaa Dra walla Drâa, e nder binndanɗe ɓooyɗe ko ɓuri heewde ko Darha walla Dara) ko maayo ɓurngo juutde e leydi Maruk, ngo njuuteendi mum ko 1 100 kiloomeeteer (680 mi). Nde sosaa ko nde maayo Dadès e maayo Imini kawri. Nde ummotoo ko e koɗli Atlas toowɗo, nde ummotoo ko to fuɗnaange-rewo haa Tagounite, nde ummotoo ko Tagounite ko ɓuri heewde ko to bannge hirnaange haa to hunduko mayre e nder geec Atlantik won ɗo to fuɗnaange Tan-Tan. E hitaande 1971, baraas (El) Mansour Eddahabi mahaa ngam huutoraade laamorgo diiwaan oo, hono Waarzazate, e yuɓɓinde doggol Draa. Ko ɓuri heewde e hitaande feccere Draa caggal Tagounite ina yoora. E feccere adannde e teeminannde 20ɓiire, laawol ɓurngol lesɗude ngol Draa woni keeri hakkunde protektorat Farayse e Maruk e nokku mo Espaañ laami. Falnde ndee ina waɗi ɓulli Fezouata, ko ɗiin ngoni ɓulli Burgess ɗi mbaydiiji mum en njahrata ko e Ordovicien les, ina kebbina windoore ndeenka teeŋtunde hakkunde lagerstätten Kambriyankeewo keewɗo e ɓulli Soom Ordovicien cakkitiiɗi ɗii.[3] E nder fauna fossilized ina woodi tagooje keewɗe ɗe cikkatnoo ko adii ɗuum maayii caggal cakkital Kambriyan.[4] == Tariya == === Ko adii daartol === Golle aadee e nder falnde Draa e koɗli saraaji mum ina njokki ko famɗi fof e Paleolitik les, hono no kuutorɗe Oldowan e Acheule tawaaɗe sara Tamegroute seedtorii nii. Nokkuuji Paleolitik hakkundeeji ina keewi.[5] Naalankaagal kaaƴe jamaanu Neolitik ina tawee e nder falnde Draa fof, ina hollira dille dogdu kam e jawdi ndariindi.[6] Taariindi nokkuuji ɗii laaɓaani, kono ko adii fof ina waawi wonde ko e ujunnaaje 3ɓiire ko adii jibineede Iisaa.[7] === Ko adii hitaande 1054 === [[Image:Ptolemy11.jpg|thumb|upright=1.35|Ptolemy's map of Africa. The River Draa, Dara fl. is in the center of the map, just south of the mountain range, above the word Garamantes. fl. is an abbreviation for flumen, Latin river.]] E laamu Wattasid Abuu al-Abbas Ahmadu ibn Muhammadu, Askia Ishaq I mo laamu Songhai neldi tuwaareg en e nder falnde Draa ngam yoɓde tooñannge dipolomaasi ɗo Maruk ɗaɓɓiri yoɓde lowre salte Taghaza nde nafoore mum tolnii.[10] === Saadi === [11] [12] === Alaowinaaɓe === [[Image:The river draa.JPG|right|thumb|The Draa river]] [[Image:Darha.jpg|thumb|upright=1.6|Map of Southern Morocco, 1705, by Nicolaas Sanson (Province of Darha/Draa with pink borders in the middle of the map)]]Nayi e ɓiɓɓe Ismaa’il Ibnu Sharif ngoni ko khaliifaaji Draa: * Mulay Muhammadu as-Sharif bin Ismaa’il as-Samin (s/o miñi mum timmuɗo Muhammadu al-Alam). Kaliifa mo Draa hitaande 1703. * Mulay Abdu'l Maalik ɓii Ismaa'il as-Saamiin. b. ca. 1677. Kaliifa mo Draa. O wonnoo ko k. ngam waɗde feere ngam haɓaade baaba makko, hitaande 1696. * Mulay Nasiir ɓi Ismaa'il as-Samin. Kaliifa mo Draa 1702-1703, e mo Tafilalt. Murtuɓe e hitaande 1711-1712. O wonnoo ko k. 1714. * H.M. Sultaan Abuu Marwan Mulay Abdul Maalik Sultaan Maruk ekn b. to Meknes, caggal 1696, ɓiy H.M. Sultan 'Abul Nasir Mulay Ismaa'il as-Samin bin Sharif, Sultan Marok, educ. e nder keeri. Khalifa mo Draa hitaande 1701-1703, e mo Sus hitaande 1717-1718. Bayyinaama Sultan e dow liggorde mawniiko 13 mars 1728. Limtaama to Meknes 18 sulyee 1728. Dogi o fayi Fes, o nanngaa toon 23 desaambar 1728. O k. (waraaɗo) to Meknes, ñalnde 2 marse 1729 (bur. toon to galle Mulay Ismaa’il). l2rjsart2xsmlxtyvy0q9uiqytjom0s 175922 175919 2026-06-23T10:04:15Z Nnamadee 11577 175922 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Draa''' (aarabeeɓe: وادي درعة, e ɗemngal romaan: wādī dar'a; kadi ina winndaa Dra walla Drâa, e nder binndanɗe ɓooyɗe ko ɓuri heewde ko Darha walla Dara) ko maayo ɓurngo juutde e leydi Maruk, ngo njuuteendi mum ko 1 100 kiloomeeteer (680 mi). Nde sosaa ko nde maayo Dadès e maayo Imini kawri. Nde ummotoo ko e koɗli Atlas toowɗo, nde ummotoo ko to fuɗnaange-rewo haa Tagounite, nde ummotoo ko Tagounite ko ɓuri heewde ko to bannge hirnaange haa to hunduko mayre e nder geec Atlantik won ɗo to fuɗnaange Tan-Tan. E hitaande 1971, baraas (El) Mansour Eddahabi mahaa ngam huutoraade laamorgo diiwaan oo, hono Waarzazate, e yuɓɓinde doggol Draa. Ko ɓuri heewde e hitaande feccere Draa caggal Tagounite ina yoora. E feccere adannde e teeminannde 20ɓiire, laawol ɓurngol lesɗude ngol Draa woni keeri hakkunde protektorat Farayse e Maruk e nokku mo Espaañ laami. Falnde ndee ina waɗi ɓulli Fezouata, ko ɗiin ngoni ɓulli Burgess ɗi mbaydiiji mum en njahrata ko e Ordovicien les, ina kebbina windoore ndeenka teeŋtunde hakkunde lagerstätten Kambriyankeewo keewɗo e ɓulli Soom Ordovicien cakkitiiɗi ɗii.[3] E nder fauna fossilized ina woodi tagooje keewɗe ɗe cikkatnoo ko adii ɗuum maayii caggal cakkital Kambriyan.[4] == Tariya == === Ko adii daartol === Golle aadee e nder falnde Draa e koɗli saraaji mum ina njokki ko famɗi fof e Paleolitik les, hono no kuutorɗe Oldowan e Acheule tawaaɗe sara Tamegroute seedtorii nii. Nokkuuji Paleolitik hakkundeeji ina keewi.[5] Naalankaagal kaaƴe jamaanu Neolitik ina tawee e nder falnde Draa fof, ina hollira dille dogdu kam e jawdi ndariindi.[6] Taariindi nokkuuji ɗii laaɓaani, kono ko adii fof ina waawi wonde ko e ujunnaaje 3ɓiire ko adii jibineede Iisaa.[7] === Ko adii hitaande 1054 === [[Image:Ptolemy11.jpg|thumb|upright=1.35|Ptolemy's map of Africa. The River Draa, Dara fl. is in the center of the map, just south of the mountain range, above the word Garamantes. fl. is an abbreviation for flumen, Latin river.]] E laamu Wattasid Abuu al-Abbas Ahmadu ibn Muhammadu, Askia Ishaq I mo laamu Songhai neldi tuwaareg en e nder falnde Draa ngam yoɓde tooñannge dipolomaasi ɗo Maruk ɗaɓɓiri yoɓde lowre salte Taghaza nde nafoore mum tolnii.[10] === Saadi === [11] [12] === Alaowinaaɓe === [[Image:The river draa.JPG|right|thumb|The Draa river]] [[Image:Darha.jpg|thumb|upright=1.6|Map of Southern Morocco, 1705, by Nicolaas Sanson (Province of Darha/Draa with pink borders in the middle of the map)]]Nayi e ɓiɓɓe Ismaa’il Ibnu Sharif ngoni ko khaliifaaji Draa: * Mulay Muhammadu as-Sharif bin Ismaa’il as-Samin (s/o miñi mum timmuɗo Muhammadu al-Alam). Kaliifa mo Draa hitaande 1703. * Mulay Abdu'l Maalik ɓii Ismaa'il as-Saamiin. b. ca. 1677. Kaliifa mo Draa. O wonnoo ko k. ngam waɗde feere ngam haɓaade baaba makko, hitaande 1696. * Mulay Nasiir ɓi Ismaa'il as-Samin. Kaliifa mo Draa 1702-1703, e mo Tafilalt. Murtuɓe e hitaande 1711-1712. O wonnoo ko k. 1714. * H.M. Sultaan Abuu Marwan Mulay Abdul Maalik Sultaan Maruk ekn b. to Meknes, caggal 1696, ɓiy H.M. Sultan 'Abul Nasir Mulay Ismaa'il as-Samin bin Sharif, Sultan Marok, educ. e nder keeri. Khalifa mo Draa hitaande 1701-1703, e mo Sus hitaande 1717-1718. Bayyinaama Sultan e dow liggorde mawniiko 13 mars 1728. Limtaama to Meknes 18 sulyee 1728. Dogi o fayi Fes, o nanngaa toon 23 desaambar 1728. O k. (waraaɗo) to Meknes, ñalnde 2 marse 1729 (bur. toon to galle Mulay Ismaa’il). ==wolde== a8n3lciqevyac9e3qfrojf2cnsgdovf 175925 175922 2026-06-23T10:05:57Z Nnamadee 11577 175925 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Draa''' (aarabeeɓe: وادي درعة, e ɗemngal romaan: wādī dar'a; kadi ina winndaa Dra walla Drâa, e nder binndanɗe ɓooyɗe ko ɓuri heewde ko Darha walla Dara) ko maayo ɓurngo juutde e leydi Maruk, ngo njuuteendi mum ko 1 100 kiloomeeteer (680 mi). Nde sosaa ko nde maayo Dadès e maayo Imini kawri. Nde ummotoo ko e koɗli Atlas toowɗo, nde ummotoo ko to fuɗnaange-rewo haa Tagounite, nde ummotoo ko Tagounite ko ɓuri heewde ko to bannge hirnaange haa to hunduko mayre e nder geec Atlantik won ɗo to fuɗnaange Tan-Tan. E hitaande 1971, baraas (El) Mansour Eddahabi mahaa ngam huutoraade laamorgo diiwaan oo, hono Waarzazate, e yuɓɓinde doggol Draa. Ko ɓuri heewde e hitaande feccere Draa caggal Tagounite ina yoora. E feccere adannde e teeminannde 20ɓiire, laawol ɓurngol lesɗude ngol Draa woni keeri hakkunde protektorat Farayse e Maruk e nokku mo Espaañ laami. Falnde ndee ina waɗi ɓulli Fezouata, ko ɗiin ngoni ɓulli Burgess ɗi mbaydiiji mum en njahrata ko e Ordovicien les, ina kebbina windoore ndeenka teeŋtunde hakkunde lagerstätten Kambriyankeewo keewɗo e ɓulli Soom Ordovicien cakkitiiɗi ɗii.[3] E nder fauna fossilized ina woodi tagooje keewɗe ɗe cikkatnoo ko adii ɗuum maayii caggal cakkital Kambriyan.[4] == Tariya == === Ko adii daartol === Golle aadee e nder falnde Draa e koɗli saraaji mum ina njokki ko famɗi fof e Paleolitik les, hono no kuutorɗe Oldowan e Acheule tawaaɗe sara Tamegroute seedtorii nii. Nokkuuji Paleolitik hakkundeeji ina keewi.[5] Naalankaagal kaaƴe jamaanu Neolitik ina tawee e nder falnde Draa fof, ina hollira dille dogdu kam e jawdi ndariindi.[6] Taariindi nokkuuji ɗii laaɓaani, kono ko adii fof ina waawi wonde ko e ujunnaaje 3ɓiire ko adii jibineede Iisaa.[7] === Ko adii hitaande 1054 === [[Image:Ptolemy11.jpg|thumb|upright=1.35|Ptolemy's map of Africa. The River Draa, Dara fl. is in the center of the map, just south of the mountain range, above the word Garamantes. fl. is an abbreviation for flumen, Latin river.]] E laamu Wattasid Abuu al-Abbas Ahmadu ibn Muhammadu, Askia Ishaq I mo laamu Songhai neldi tuwaareg en e nder falnde Draa ngam yoɓde tooñannge dipolomaasi ɗo Maruk ɗaɓɓiri yoɓde lowre salte Taghaza nde nafoore mum tolnii.[10] === Saadi === [11] [12] === Alaowinaaɓe === [[Image:The river draa.JPG|right|thumb|The Draa river]] [[Image:Darha.jpg|thumb|upright=1.6|Map of Southern Morocco, 1705, by Nicolaas Sanson (Province of Darha/Draa with pink borders in the middle of the map)]]Nayi e ɓiɓɓe Ismaa’il Ibnu Sharif ngoni ko khaliifaaji Draa: * Mulay Muhammadu as-Sharif bin Ismaa’il as-Samin (s/o miñi mum timmuɗo Muhammadu al-Alam). Kaliifa mo Draa hitaande 1703. * Mulay Abdu'l Maalik ɓii Ismaa'il as-Saamiin. b. ca. 1677. Kaliifa mo Draa. O wonnoo ko k. ngam waɗde feere ngam haɓaade baaba makko, hitaande 1696. * Mulay Nasiir ɓi Ismaa'il as-Samin. Kaliifa mo Draa 1702-1703, e mo Tafilalt. Murtuɓe e hitaande 1711-1712. O wonnoo ko k. 1714. * H.M. Sultaan Abuu Marwan Mulay Abdul Maalik Sultaan Maruk ekn b. to Meknes, caggal 1696, ɓiy H.M. Sultan 'Abul Nasir Mulay Ismaa'il as-Samin bin Sharif, Sultan Marok, educ. e nder keeri. Khalifa mo Draa hitaande 1701-1703, e mo Sus hitaande 1717-1718. Bayyinaama Sultan e dow liggorde mawniiko 13 mars 1728. Limtaama to Meknes 18 sulyee 1728. Dogi o fayi Fes, o nanngaa toon 23 desaambar 1728. O k. (waraaɗo) to Meknes, ñalnde 2 marse 1729 (bur. toon to galle Mulay Ismaa’il). [[Image:Casbah vallee du draa.jpg|thumb|left|Kashbah in the Draa valley]] [[File:Pomegranate In Draa River Valley Morocco.jpg|thumb|upright|The Draa river supports light agriculture, including the cultivation of [[pomegranate]]s and [[date (fruit)|dates]].]] ==wolde== chnt3icxt0xhtme9gwgrp1lhx4mtzek 175928 175925 2026-06-23T10:07:31Z Nnamadee 11577 175928 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Draa''' (aarabeeɓe: وادي درعة, e ɗemngal romaan: wādī dar'a; kadi ina winndaa Dra walla Drâa, e nder binndanɗe ɓooyɗe ko ɓuri heewde ko Darha walla Dara) ko maayo ɓurngo juutde e leydi Maruk, ngo njuuteendi mum ko 1 100 kiloomeeteer (680 mi). Nde sosaa ko nde maayo Dadès e maayo Imini kawri. Nde ummotoo ko e koɗli Atlas toowɗo, nde ummotoo ko to fuɗnaange-rewo haa Tagounite, nde ummotoo ko Tagounite ko ɓuri heewde ko to bannge hirnaange haa to hunduko mayre e nder geec Atlantik won ɗo to fuɗnaange Tan-Tan. E hitaande 1971, baraas (El) Mansour Eddahabi mahaa ngam huutoraade laamorgo diiwaan oo, hono Waarzazate, e yuɓɓinde doggol Draa. Ko ɓuri heewde e hitaande feccere Draa caggal Tagounite ina yoora. E feccere adannde e teeminannde 20ɓiire, laawol ɓurngol lesɗude ngol Draa woni keeri hakkunde protektorat Farayse e Maruk e nokku mo Espaañ laami. Falnde ndee ina waɗi ɓulli Fezouata, ko ɗiin ngoni ɓulli Burgess ɗi mbaydiiji mum en njahrata ko e Ordovicien les, ina kebbina windoore ndeenka teeŋtunde hakkunde lagerstätten Kambriyankeewo keewɗo e ɓulli Soom Ordovicien cakkitiiɗi ɗii.[3] E nder fauna fossilized ina woodi tagooje keewɗe ɗe cikkatnoo ko adii ɗuum maayii caggal cakkital Kambriyan.[4] == Tariya == === Ko adii daartol === Golle aadee e nder falnde Draa e koɗli saraaji mum ina njokki ko famɗi fof e Paleolitik les, hono no kuutorɗe Oldowan e Acheule tawaaɗe sara Tamegroute seedtorii nii. Nokkuuji Paleolitik hakkundeeji ina keewi.[5] Naalankaagal kaaƴe jamaanu Neolitik ina tawee e nder falnde Draa fof, ina hollira dille dogdu kam e jawdi ndariindi.[6] Taariindi nokkuuji ɗii laaɓaani, kono ko adii fof ina waawi wonde ko e ujunnaaje 3ɓiire ko adii jibineede Iisaa.[7] === Ko adii hitaande 1054 === [[Image:Ptolemy11.jpg|thumb|upright=1.35|Ptolemy's map of Africa. The River Draa, Dara fl. is in the center of the map, just south of the mountain range, above the word Garamantes. fl. is an abbreviation for flumen, Latin river.]] E laamu Wattasid Abuu al-Abbas Ahmadu ibn Muhammadu, Askia Ishaq I mo laamu Songhai neldi tuwaareg en e nder falnde Draa ngam yoɓde tooñannge dipolomaasi ɗo Maruk ɗaɓɓiri yoɓde lowre salte Taghaza nde nafoore mum tolnii.[10] === Saadi === [11] [12] === Alaowinaaɓe === [[Image:The river draa.JPG|right|thumb|The Draa river]] [[Image:Darha.jpg|thumb|upright=1.6|Map of Southern Morocco, 1705, by Nicolaas Sanson (Province of Darha/Draa with pink borders in the middle of the map)]]Nayi e ɓiɓɓe Ismaa’il Ibnu Sharif ngoni ko khaliifaaji Draa: * Mulay Muhammadu as-Sharif bin Ismaa’il as-Samin (s/o miñi mum timmuɗo Muhammadu al-Alam). Kaliifa mo Draa hitaande 1703. * Mulay Abdu'l Maalik ɓii Ismaa'il as-Saamiin. b. ca. 1677. Kaliifa mo Draa. O wonnoo ko k. ngam waɗde feere ngam haɓaade baaba makko, hitaande 1696. * Mulay Nasiir ɓi Ismaa'il as-Samin. Kaliifa mo Draa 1702-1703, e mo Tafilalt. Murtuɓe e hitaande 1711-1712. O wonnoo ko k. 1714. * H.M. Sultaan Abuu Marwan Mulay Abdul Maalik Sultaan Maruk ekn b. to Meknes, caggal 1696, ɓiy H.M. Sultan 'Abul Nasir Mulay Ismaa'il as-Samin bin Sharif, Sultan Marok, educ. e nder keeri. Khalifa mo Draa hitaande 1701-1703, e mo Sus hitaande 1717-1718. Bayyinaama Sultan e dow liggorde mawniiko 13 mars 1728. Limtaama to Meknes 18 sulyee 1728. Dogi o fayi Fes, o nanngaa toon 23 desaambar 1728. O k. (waraaɗo) to Meknes, ñalnde 2 marse 1729 (bur. toon to galle Mulay Ismaa’il). [[Image:Casbah vallee du draa.jpg|thumb|left|Kashbah in the Draa valley]] [[File:Pomegranate In Draa River Valley Morocco.jpg|thumb|upright|The Draa river supports light agriculture, including the cultivation of [[pomegranate]]s and [[date (fruit)|dates]].]] ==wolde== Ɗemɗe ɗiɗi ina kaalee e nokku hee : sifaa nokkuyankeewo Arab Colloquial jokkondirɗo e Hassaniya, e Shilha walla Tashelhiyt, ɗemngal Berbeer. == Oaseeji == 4qym6jg3wqgy0h6ch69ymaonw7lgqji 175931 175928 2026-06-23T10:08:28Z Nnamadee 11577 175931 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Draa''' (aarabeeɓe: وادي درعة, e ɗemngal romaan: wādī dar'a; kadi ina winndaa Dra walla Drâa, e nder binndanɗe ɓooyɗe ko ɓuri heewde ko Darha walla Dara) ko maayo ɓurngo juutde e leydi Maruk, ngo njuuteendi mum ko 1 100 kiloomeeteer (680 mi). Nde sosaa ko nde maayo Dadès e maayo Imini kawri. Nde ummotoo ko e koɗli Atlas toowɗo, nde ummotoo ko to fuɗnaange-rewo haa Tagounite, nde ummotoo ko Tagounite ko ɓuri heewde ko to bannge hirnaange haa to hunduko mayre e nder geec Atlantik won ɗo to fuɗnaange Tan-Tan. E hitaande 1971, baraas (El) Mansour Eddahabi mahaa ngam huutoraade laamorgo diiwaan oo, hono Waarzazate, e yuɓɓinde doggol Draa. Ko ɓuri heewde e hitaande feccere Draa caggal Tagounite ina yoora. E feccere adannde e teeminannde 20ɓiire, laawol ɓurngol lesɗude ngol Draa woni keeri hakkunde protektorat Farayse e Maruk e nokku mo Espaañ laami. Falnde ndee ina waɗi ɓulli Fezouata, ko ɗiin ngoni ɓulli Burgess ɗi mbaydiiji mum en njahrata ko e Ordovicien les, ina kebbina windoore ndeenka teeŋtunde hakkunde lagerstätten Kambriyankeewo keewɗo e ɓulli Soom Ordovicien cakkitiiɗi ɗii.[3] E nder fauna fossilized ina woodi tagooje keewɗe ɗe cikkatnoo ko adii ɗuum maayii caggal cakkital Kambriyan.[4] == Tariya == === Ko adii daartol === Golle aadee e nder falnde Draa e koɗli saraaji mum ina njokki ko famɗi fof e Paleolitik les, hono no kuutorɗe Oldowan e Acheule tawaaɗe sara Tamegroute seedtorii nii. Nokkuuji Paleolitik hakkundeeji ina keewi.[5] Naalankaagal kaaƴe jamaanu Neolitik ina tawee e nder falnde Draa fof, ina hollira dille dogdu kam e jawdi ndariindi.[6] Taariindi nokkuuji ɗii laaɓaani, kono ko adii fof ina waawi wonde ko e ujunnaaje 3ɓiire ko adii jibineede Iisaa.[7] === Ko adii hitaande 1054 === [[Image:Ptolemy11.jpg|thumb|upright=1.35|Ptolemy's map of Africa. The River Draa, Dara fl. is in the center of the map, just south of the mountain range, above the word Garamantes. fl. is an abbreviation for flumen, Latin river.]] E laamu Wattasid Abuu al-Abbas Ahmadu ibn Muhammadu, Askia Ishaq I mo laamu Songhai neldi tuwaareg en e nder falnde Draa ngam yoɓde tooñannge dipolomaasi ɗo Maruk ɗaɓɓiri yoɓde lowre salte Taghaza nde nafoore mum tolnii.[10] === Saadi === [11] [12] === Alaowinaaɓe === [[Image:The river draa.JPG|right|thumb|The Draa river]] [[Image:Darha.jpg|thumb|upright=1.6|Map of Southern Morocco, 1705, by Nicolaas Sanson (Province of Darha/Draa with pink borders in the middle of the map)]]Nayi e ɓiɓɓe Ismaa’il Ibnu Sharif ngoni ko khaliifaaji Draa: * Mulay Muhammadu as-Sharif bin Ismaa’il as-Samin (s/o miñi mum timmuɗo Muhammadu al-Alam). Kaliifa mo Draa hitaande 1703. * Mulay Abdu'l Maalik ɓii Ismaa'il as-Saamiin. b. ca. 1677. Kaliifa mo Draa. O wonnoo ko k. ngam waɗde feere ngam haɓaade baaba makko, hitaande 1696. * Mulay Nasiir ɓi Ismaa'il as-Samin. Kaliifa mo Draa 1702-1703, e mo Tafilalt. Murtuɓe e hitaande 1711-1712. O wonnoo ko k. 1714. * H.M. Sultaan Abuu Marwan Mulay Abdul Maalik Sultaan Maruk ekn b. to Meknes, caggal 1696, ɓiy H.M. Sultan 'Abul Nasir Mulay Ismaa'il as-Samin bin Sharif, Sultan Marok, educ. e nder keeri. Khalifa mo Draa hitaande 1701-1703, e mo Sus hitaande 1717-1718. Bayyinaama Sultan e dow liggorde mawniiko 13 mars 1728. Limtaama to Meknes 18 sulyee 1728. Dogi o fayi Fes, o nanngaa toon 23 desaambar 1728. O k. (waraaɗo) to Meknes, ñalnde 2 marse 1729 (bur. toon to galle Mulay Ismaa’il). [[Image:Casbah vallee du draa.jpg|thumb|left|Kashbah in the Draa valley]] [[File:Pomegranate In Draa River Valley Morocco.jpg|thumb|upright|The Draa river supports light agriculture, including the cultivation of [[pomegranate]]s and [[date (fruit)|dates]].]] ==wolde== Ɗemɗe ɗiɗi ina kaalee e nokku hee : sifaa nokkuyankeewo Arab Colloquial jokkondirɗo e Hassaniya, e Shilha walla Tashelhiyt, ɗemngal Berbeer. == Oaseeji == [[Image:Draâ river.JPG|left|thumb|Draa river in [[Agdz]]]] 8u1ga7qn3q70bcrdd9nytrba7qp07l2 175935 175931 2026-06-23T10:09:50Z Nnamadee 11577 175935 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Draa''' (aarabeeɓe: وادي درعة, e ɗemngal romaan: wādī dar'a; kadi ina winndaa Dra walla Drâa, e nder binndanɗe ɓooyɗe ko ɓuri heewde ko Darha walla Dara) ko maayo ɓurngo juutde e leydi Maruk, ngo njuuteendi mum ko 1 100 kiloomeeteer (680 mi). Nde sosaa ko nde maayo Dadès e maayo Imini kawri. Nde ummotoo ko e koɗli Atlas toowɗo, nde ummotoo ko to fuɗnaange-rewo haa Tagounite, nde ummotoo ko Tagounite ko ɓuri heewde ko to bannge hirnaange haa to hunduko mayre e nder geec Atlantik won ɗo to fuɗnaange Tan-Tan. E hitaande 1971, baraas (El) Mansour Eddahabi mahaa ngam huutoraade laamorgo diiwaan oo, hono Waarzazate, e yuɓɓinde doggol Draa. Ko ɓuri heewde e hitaande feccere Draa caggal Tagounite ina yoora. E feccere adannde e teeminannde 20ɓiire, laawol ɓurngol lesɗude ngol Draa woni keeri hakkunde protektorat Farayse e Maruk e nokku mo Espaañ laami. Falnde ndee ina waɗi ɓulli Fezouata, ko ɗiin ngoni ɓulli Burgess ɗi mbaydiiji mum en njahrata ko e Ordovicien les, ina kebbina windoore ndeenka teeŋtunde hakkunde lagerstätten Kambriyankeewo keewɗo e ɓulli Soom Ordovicien cakkitiiɗi ɗii.[3] E nder fauna fossilized ina woodi tagooje keewɗe ɗe cikkatnoo ko adii ɗuum maayii caggal cakkital Kambriyan.[4] == Tariya == === Ko adii daartol === Golle aadee e nder falnde Draa e koɗli saraaji mum ina njokki ko famɗi fof e Paleolitik les, hono no kuutorɗe Oldowan e Acheule tawaaɗe sara Tamegroute seedtorii nii. Nokkuuji Paleolitik hakkundeeji ina keewi.[5] Naalankaagal kaaƴe jamaanu Neolitik ina tawee e nder falnde Draa fof, ina hollira dille dogdu kam e jawdi ndariindi.[6] Taariindi nokkuuji ɗii laaɓaani, kono ko adii fof ina waawi wonde ko e ujunnaaje 3ɓiire ko adii jibineede Iisaa.[7] === Ko adii hitaande 1054 === [[Image:Ptolemy11.jpg|thumb|upright=1.35|Ptolemy's map of Africa. The River Draa, Dara fl. is in the center of the map, just south of the mountain range, above the word Garamantes. fl. is an abbreviation for flumen, Latin river.]] E laamu Wattasid Abuu al-Abbas Ahmadu ibn Muhammadu, Askia Ishaq I mo laamu Songhai neldi tuwaareg en e nder falnde Draa ngam yoɓde tooñannge dipolomaasi ɗo Maruk ɗaɓɓiri yoɓde lowre salte Taghaza nde nafoore mum tolnii.[10] === Saadi === [11] [12] === Alaowinaaɓe === [[Image:The river draa.JPG|right|thumb|The Draa river]] [[Image:Darha.jpg|thumb|upright=1.6|Map of Southern Morocco, 1705, by Nicolaas Sanson (Province of Darha/Draa with pink borders in the middle of the map)]]Nayi e ɓiɓɓe Ismaa’il Ibnu Sharif ngoni ko khaliifaaji Draa: * Mulay Muhammadu as-Sharif bin Ismaa’il as-Samin (s/o miñi mum timmuɗo Muhammadu al-Alam). Kaliifa mo Draa hitaande 1703. * Mulay Abdu'l Maalik ɓii Ismaa'il as-Saamiin. b. ca. 1677. Kaliifa mo Draa. O wonnoo ko k. ngam waɗde feere ngam haɓaade baaba makko, hitaande 1696. * Mulay Nasiir ɓi Ismaa'il as-Samin. Kaliifa mo Draa 1702-1703, e mo Tafilalt. Murtuɓe e hitaande 1711-1712. O wonnoo ko k. 1714. * H.M. Sultaan Abuu Marwan Mulay Abdul Maalik Sultaan Maruk ekn b. to Meknes, caggal 1696, ɓiy H.M. Sultan 'Abul Nasir Mulay Ismaa'il as-Samin bin Sharif, Sultan Marok, educ. e nder keeri. Khalifa mo Draa hitaande 1701-1703, e mo Sus hitaande 1717-1718. Bayyinaama Sultan e dow liggorde mawniiko 13 mars 1728. Limtaama to Meknes 18 sulyee 1728. Dogi o fayi Fes, o nanngaa toon 23 desaambar 1728. O k. (waraaɗo) to Meknes, ñalnde 2 marse 1729 (bur. toon to galle Mulay Ismaa’il). [[Image:Casbah vallee du draa.jpg|thumb|left|Kashbah in the Draa valley]] [[File:Pomegranate In Draa River Valley Morocco.jpg|thumb|upright|The Draa river supports light agriculture, including the cultivation of [[pomegranate]]s and [[date (fruit)|dates]].]] ==wolde== Ɗemɗe ɗiɗi ina kaalee e nokku hee : sifaa nokkuyankeewo Arab Colloquial jokkondirɗo e Hassaniya, e Shilha walla Tashelhiyt, ɗemngal Berbeer. == Oaseeji == [[Image:Draâ river.JPG|left|thumb|Draa river in [[Agdz]]]] Falnde maayo Draa toowngo, fotde 200 kiloomeeteer (120 mi) njuuteendi, ina waɗi nokkuuji jeegom (6) oaseeji/palmeeji gila fuɗnaange haa fuɗnaange : Oasiis Mezguita, e Agdz e Auriz e fuɗnaange mum baraas Tamsikht Oasis Tinzouline, e Oulé Lagraier, Tinzouline, Oulé Yaoub e baraas to bannge worgo mum Oasiis Ternata e Zagora Oasiis Fezouata e Tamegroute e fuɗnaange mum baraas Azagha Oasiis Ktaoua (e ɗemngal Engele Ktawa) e Tagounite, Blida, Tiraf e baraas Bounou to fuɗnaange mum Oasis de Muhamid Guzlan avec Muhamid Guzlan cwgx0k561dmuhxxq12o90wkho16nxhg 175936 175935 2026-06-23T10:11:10Z Nnamadee 11577 175936 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Draa''' (aarabeeɓe: وادي درعة, e ɗemngal romaan: wādī dar'a; kadi ina winndaa Dra walla Drâa, e nder binndanɗe ɓooyɗe ko ɓuri heewde ko Darha walla Dara) ko maayo ɓurngo juutde e leydi Maruk, ngo njuuteendi mum ko 1 100 kiloomeeteer (680 mi). Nde sosaa ko nde maayo Dadès e maayo Imini kawri. Nde ummotoo ko e koɗli Atlas toowɗo, nde ummotoo ko to fuɗnaange-rewo haa Tagounite, nde ummotoo ko Tagounite ko ɓuri heewde ko to bannge hirnaange haa to hunduko mayre e nder geec Atlantik won ɗo to fuɗnaange Tan-Tan. E hitaande 1971, baraas (El) Mansour Eddahabi mahaa ngam huutoraade laamorgo diiwaan oo, hono Waarzazate, e yuɓɓinde doggol Draa. Ko ɓuri heewde e hitaande feccere Draa caggal Tagounite ina yoora. E feccere adannde e teeminannde 20ɓiire, laawol ɓurngol lesɗude ngol Draa woni keeri hakkunde protektorat Farayse e Maruk e nokku mo Espaañ laami. Falnde ndee ina waɗi ɓulli Fezouata, ko ɗiin ngoni ɓulli Burgess ɗi mbaydiiji mum en njahrata ko e Ordovicien les, ina kebbina windoore ndeenka teeŋtunde hakkunde lagerstätten Kambriyankeewo keewɗo e ɓulli Soom Ordovicien cakkitiiɗi ɗii.[3] E nder fauna fossilized ina woodi tagooje keewɗe ɗe cikkatnoo ko adii ɗuum maayii caggal cakkital Kambriyan.[4] == Tariya == === Ko adii daartol === Golle aadee e nder falnde Draa e koɗli saraaji mum ina njokki ko famɗi fof e Paleolitik les, hono no kuutorɗe Oldowan e Acheule tawaaɗe sara Tamegroute seedtorii nii. Nokkuuji Paleolitik hakkundeeji ina keewi.[5] Naalankaagal kaaƴe jamaanu Neolitik ina tawee e nder falnde Draa fof, ina hollira dille dogdu kam e jawdi ndariindi.[6] Taariindi nokkuuji ɗii laaɓaani, kono ko adii fof ina waawi wonde ko e ujunnaaje 3ɓiire ko adii jibineede Iisaa.[7] === Ko adii hitaande 1054 === [[Image:Ptolemy11.jpg|thumb|upright=1.35|Ptolemy's map of Africa. The River Draa, Dara fl. is in the center of the map, just south of the mountain range, above the word Garamantes. fl. is an abbreviation for flumen, Latin river.]] E laamu Wattasid Abuu al-Abbas Ahmadu ibn Muhammadu, Askia Ishaq I mo laamu Songhai neldi tuwaareg en e nder falnde Draa ngam yoɓde tooñannge dipolomaasi ɗo Maruk ɗaɓɓiri yoɓde lowre salte Taghaza nde nafoore mum tolnii.[10] === Saadi === [11] [12] === Alaowinaaɓe === [[Image:The river draa.JPG|right|thumb|The Draa river]] [[Image:Darha.jpg|thumb|upright=1.6|Map of Southern Morocco, 1705, by Nicolaas Sanson (Province of Darha/Draa with pink borders in the middle of the map)]]Nayi e ɓiɓɓe Ismaa’il Ibnu Sharif ngoni ko khaliifaaji Draa: * Mulay Muhammadu as-Sharif bin Ismaa’il as-Samin (s/o miñi mum timmuɗo Muhammadu al-Alam). Kaliifa mo Draa hitaande 1703. * Mulay Abdu'l Maalik ɓii Ismaa'il as-Saamiin. b. ca. 1677. Kaliifa mo Draa. O wonnoo ko k. ngam waɗde feere ngam haɓaade baaba makko, hitaande 1696. * Mulay Nasiir ɓi Ismaa'il as-Samin. Kaliifa mo Draa 1702-1703, e mo Tafilalt. Murtuɓe e hitaande 1711-1712. O wonnoo ko k. 1714. * H.M. Sultaan Abuu Marwan Mulay Abdul Maalik Sultaan Maruk ekn b. to Meknes, caggal 1696, ɓiy H.M. Sultan 'Abul Nasir Mulay Ismaa'il as-Samin bin Sharif, Sultan Marok, educ. e nder keeri. Khalifa mo Draa hitaande 1701-1703, e mo Sus hitaande 1717-1718. Bayyinaama Sultan e dow liggorde mawniiko 13 mars 1728. Limtaama to Meknes 18 sulyee 1728. Dogi o fayi Fes, o nanngaa toon 23 desaambar 1728. O k. (waraaɗo) to Meknes, ñalnde 2 marse 1729 (bur. toon to galle Mulay Ismaa’il). [[Image:Casbah vallee du draa.jpg|thumb|left|Kashbah in the Draa valley]] [[File:Pomegranate In Draa River Valley Morocco.jpg|thumb|upright|The Draa river supports light agriculture, including the cultivation of [[pomegranate]]s and [[date (fruit)|dates]].]] ==wolde== Ɗemɗe ɗiɗi ina kaalee e nokku hee : sifaa nokkuyankeewo Arab Colloquial jokkondirɗo e Hassaniya, e Shilha walla Tashelhiyt, ɗemngal Berbeer. == Oaseeji == [[Image:Draâ river.JPG|left|thumb|Draa river in [[Agdz]]]] Falnde maayo Draa toowngo, fotde 200 kiloomeeteer (120 mi) njuuteendi, ina waɗi nokkuuji jeegom (6) oaseeji/palmeeji gila fuɗnaange haa fuɗnaange: * Oasiis Mezguita, e Agdz e Auriz e fuɗnaange mum baraas Tamsikht Oasis Tinzouline, e Oulé Lagraier, Tinzouline, Oulé Yaoub e baraas to bannge worgo mum * Oasiis Ternata e Zagora Oasiis Fezouata e Tamegroute e fuɗnaange mum baraas Azagha * Oasiis Ktaoua (e ɗemngal Engele Ktawa) e Tagounite, Blida, Tiraf e baraas Bounou to fuɗnaange mum * Oasis de Muhamid Guzlan avec Muhamid Guzlan mnn5klmoox8yddmbulx1ms9gspbzglk 175937 175936 2026-06-23T10:11:49Z Nnamadee 11577 175937 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Draa''' (aarabeeɓe: وادي درعة, e ɗemngal romaan: wādī dar'a; kadi ina winndaa Dra walla Drâa, e nder binndanɗe ɓooyɗe ko ɓuri heewde ko Darha walla Dara) ko maayo ɓurngo juutde e leydi Maruk, ngo njuuteendi mum ko 1 100 kiloomeeteer (680 mi). Nde sosaa ko nde maayo Dadès e maayo Imini kawri. Nde ummotoo ko e koɗli Atlas toowɗo, nde ummotoo ko to fuɗnaange-rewo haa Tagounite, nde ummotoo ko Tagounite ko ɓuri heewde ko to bannge hirnaange haa to hunduko mayre e nder geec Atlantik won ɗo to fuɗnaange Tan-Tan. E hitaande 1971, baraas (El) Mansour Eddahabi mahaa ngam huutoraade laamorgo diiwaan oo, hono Waarzazate, e yuɓɓinde doggol Draa. Ko ɓuri heewde e hitaande feccere Draa caggal Tagounite ina yoora. E feccere adannde e teeminannde 20ɓiire, laawol ɓurngol lesɗude ngol Draa woni keeri hakkunde protektorat Farayse e Maruk e nokku mo Espaañ laami. Falnde ndee ina waɗi ɓulli Fezouata, ko ɗiin ngoni ɓulli Burgess ɗi mbaydiiji mum en njahrata ko e Ordovicien les, ina kebbina windoore ndeenka teeŋtunde hakkunde lagerstätten Kambriyankeewo keewɗo e ɓulli Soom Ordovicien cakkitiiɗi ɗii.[3] E nder fauna fossilized ina woodi tagooje keewɗe ɗe cikkatnoo ko adii ɗuum maayii caggal cakkital Kambriyan.[4] == Tariya == === Ko adii daartol === Golle aadee e nder falnde Draa e koɗli saraaji mum ina njokki ko famɗi fof e Paleolitik les, hono no kuutorɗe Oldowan e Acheule tawaaɗe sara Tamegroute seedtorii nii. Nokkuuji Paleolitik hakkundeeji ina keewi.[5] Naalankaagal kaaƴe jamaanu Neolitik ina tawee e nder falnde Draa fof, ina hollira dille dogdu kam e jawdi ndariindi.[6] Taariindi nokkuuji ɗii laaɓaani, kono ko adii fof ina waawi wonde ko e ujunnaaje 3ɓiire ko adii jibineede Iisaa.[7] === Ko adii hitaande 1054 === [[Image:Ptolemy11.jpg|thumb|upright=1.35|Ptolemy's map of Africa. The River Draa, Dara fl. is in the center of the map, just south of the mountain range, above the word Garamantes. fl. is an abbreviation for flumen, Latin river.]] E laamu Wattasid Abuu al-Abbas Ahmadu ibn Muhammadu, Askia Ishaq I mo laamu Songhai neldi tuwaareg en e nder falnde Draa ngam yoɓde tooñannge dipolomaasi ɗo Maruk ɗaɓɓiri yoɓde lowre salte Taghaza nde nafoore mum tolnii.[10] === Saadi === [11] [12] === Alaowinaaɓe === [[Image:The river draa.JPG|right|thumb|The Draa river]] [[Image:Darha.jpg|thumb|upright=1.6|Map of Southern Morocco, 1705, by Nicolaas Sanson (Province of Darha/Draa with pink borders in the middle of the map)]]Nayi e ɓiɓɓe Ismaa’il Ibnu Sharif ngoni ko khaliifaaji Draa: * Mulay Muhammadu as-Sharif bin Ismaa’il as-Samin (s/o miñi mum timmuɗo Muhammadu al-Alam). Kaliifa mo Draa hitaande 1703. * Mulay Abdu'l Maalik ɓii Ismaa'il as-Saamiin. b. ca. 1677. Kaliifa mo Draa. O wonnoo ko k. ngam waɗde feere ngam haɓaade baaba makko, hitaande 1696. * Mulay Nasiir ɓi Ismaa'il as-Samin. Kaliifa mo Draa 1702-1703, e mo Tafilalt. Murtuɓe e hitaande 1711-1712. O wonnoo ko k. 1714. * H.M. Sultaan Abuu Marwan Mulay Abdul Maalik Sultaan Maruk ekn b. to Meknes, caggal 1696, ɓiy H.M. Sultan 'Abul Nasir Mulay Ismaa'il as-Samin bin Sharif, Sultan Marok, educ. e nder keeri. Khalifa mo Draa hitaande 1701-1703, e mo Sus hitaande 1717-1718. Bayyinaama Sultan e dow liggorde mawniiko 13 mars 1728. Limtaama to Meknes 18 sulyee 1728. Dogi o fayi Fes, o nanngaa toon 23 desaambar 1728. O k. (waraaɗo) to Meknes, ñalnde 2 marse 1729 (bur. toon to galle Mulay Ismaa’il). [[Image:Casbah vallee du draa.jpg|thumb|left|Kashbah in the Draa valley]] [[File:Pomegranate In Draa River Valley Morocco.jpg|thumb|upright|The Draa river supports light agriculture, including the cultivation of [[pomegranate]]s and [[date (fruit)|dates]].]] ==wolde== Ɗemɗe ɗiɗi ina kaalee e nokku hee : sifaa nokkuyankeewo Arab Colloquial jokkondirɗo e Hassaniya, e Shilha walla Tashelhiyt, ɗemngal Berbeer. == Oaseeji == [[Image:Draâ river.JPG|left|thumb|Draa river in [[Agdz]]]] Falnde maayo Draa toowngo, fotde 200 kiloomeeteer (120 mi) njuuteendi, ina waɗi nokkuuji jeegom (6) oaseeji/palmeeji gila fuɗnaange haa fuɗnaange: * Oasiis Mezguita, e Agdz e Auriz e fuɗnaange mum baraas Tamsikht Oasis Tinzouline, e Oulé Lagraier, Tinzouline, Oulé Yaoub e baraas to bannge worgo mum * Oasiis Ternata e Zagora Oasiis Fezouata e Tamegroute e fuɗnaange mum baraas Azagha * Oasiis Ktaoua (e ɗemngal Engele Ktawa) e Tagounite, Blida, Tiraf e baraas Bounou to fuɗnaange mum * Oasis de Muhamid Guzlan avec Muhamid Guzlan ==Tuugnorgal== almge5as5czsi0i1f909ha7xvdiubzi 175938 175937 2026-06-23T10:12:46Z Nnamadee 11577 175938 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Draa''' (aarabeeɓe: وادي درعة, e ɗemngal romaan: wādī dar'a; kadi ina winndaa Dra walla Drâa, e nder binndanɗe ɓooyɗe ko ɓuri heewde ko Darha walla Dara) ko maayo ɓurngo juutde e leydi Maruk, ngo njuuteendi mum ko 1 100 kiloomeeteer (680 mi). Nde sosaa ko nde maayo Dadès e maayo Imini kawri. Nde ummotoo ko e koɗli Atlas toowɗo, nde ummotoo ko to fuɗnaange-rewo haa Tagounite, nde ummotoo ko Tagounite ko ɓuri heewde ko to bannge hirnaange haa to hunduko mayre e nder geec Atlantik won ɗo to fuɗnaange Tan-Tan. E hitaande 1971, baraas (El) Mansour Eddahabi mahaa ngam huutoraade laamorgo diiwaan oo, hono Waarzazate, e yuɓɓinde doggol Draa. Ko ɓuri heewde e hitaande feccere Draa caggal Tagounite ina yoora. E feccere adannde e teeminannde 20ɓiire, laawol ɓurngol lesɗude ngol Draa woni keeri hakkunde protektorat Farayse e Maruk e nokku mo Espaañ laami. Falnde ndee ina waɗi ɓulli Fezouata, ko ɗiin ngoni ɓulli Burgess ɗi mbaydiiji mum en njahrata ko e Ordovicien les, ina kebbina windoore ndeenka teeŋtunde hakkunde lagerstätten Kambriyankeewo keewɗo e ɓulli Soom Ordovicien cakkitiiɗi ɗii.<ref>Van Roy, P.; Orr, P. J.; Botting, J. P.; Muir, L. A.; Vinther, J.; Lefebvre, B.; Hariri, K. E.; Briggs, D. E. G. (2010). "Ordovician faunas of Burgess Shale type". Nature. 465 (7295): 215–8. Bibcode:2010Natur.465..215V. doi:10.1038/nature09038. <nowiki>PMID 20463737</nowiki>. S2CID 4313285. Archived from the original on 2024-02-25. Retrieved 2024-02-24.</ref> E nder fauna fossilized ina woodi tagooje keewɗe ɗe cikkatnoo ko adii ɗuum maayii caggal cakkital Kambriyan.[4] == Tariya == === Ko adii daartol === Golle aadee e nder falnde Draa e koɗli saraaji mum ina njokki ko famɗi fof e Paleolitik les, hono no kuutorɗe Oldowan e Acheule tawaaɗe sara Tamegroute seedtorii nii. Nokkuuji Paleolitik hakkundeeji ina keewi.[5] Naalankaagal kaaƴe jamaanu Neolitik ina tawee e nder falnde Draa fof, ina hollira dille dogdu kam e jawdi ndariindi.[6] Taariindi nokkuuji ɗii laaɓaani, kono ko adii fof ina waawi wonde ko e ujunnaaje 3ɓiire ko adii jibineede Iisaa.[7] === Ko adii hitaande 1054 === [[Image:Ptolemy11.jpg|thumb|upright=1.35|Ptolemy's map of Africa. The River Draa, Dara fl. is in the center of the map, just south of the mountain range, above the word Garamantes. fl. is an abbreviation for flumen, Latin river.]] E laamu Wattasid Abuu al-Abbas Ahmadu ibn Muhammadu, Askia Ishaq I mo laamu Songhai neldi tuwaareg en e nder falnde Draa ngam yoɓde tooñannge dipolomaasi ɗo Maruk ɗaɓɓiri yoɓde lowre salte Taghaza nde nafoore mum tolnii.[10] === Saadi === [11] [12] === Alaowinaaɓe === [[Image:The river draa.JPG|right|thumb|The Draa river]] [[Image:Darha.jpg|thumb|upright=1.6|Map of Southern Morocco, 1705, by Nicolaas Sanson (Province of Darha/Draa with pink borders in the middle of the map)]]Nayi e ɓiɓɓe Ismaa’il Ibnu Sharif ngoni ko khaliifaaji Draa: * Mulay Muhammadu as-Sharif bin Ismaa’il as-Samin (s/o miñi mum timmuɗo Muhammadu al-Alam). Kaliifa mo Draa hitaande 1703. * Mulay Abdu'l Maalik ɓii Ismaa'il as-Saamiin. b. ca. 1677. Kaliifa mo Draa. O wonnoo ko k. ngam waɗde feere ngam haɓaade baaba makko, hitaande 1696. * Mulay Nasiir ɓi Ismaa'il as-Samin. Kaliifa mo Draa 1702-1703, e mo Tafilalt. Murtuɓe e hitaande 1711-1712. O wonnoo ko k. 1714. * H.M. Sultaan Abuu Marwan Mulay Abdul Maalik Sultaan Maruk ekn b. to Meknes, caggal 1696, ɓiy H.M. Sultan 'Abul Nasir Mulay Ismaa'il as-Samin bin Sharif, Sultan Marok, educ. e nder keeri. Khalifa mo Draa hitaande 1701-1703, e mo Sus hitaande 1717-1718. Bayyinaama Sultan e dow liggorde mawniiko 13 mars 1728. Limtaama to Meknes 18 sulyee 1728. Dogi o fayi Fes, o nanngaa toon 23 desaambar 1728. O k. (waraaɗo) to Meknes, ñalnde 2 marse 1729 (bur. toon to galle Mulay Ismaa’il). [[Image:Casbah vallee du draa.jpg|thumb|left|Kashbah in the Draa valley]] [[File:Pomegranate In Draa River Valley Morocco.jpg|thumb|upright|The Draa river supports light agriculture, including the cultivation of [[pomegranate]]s and [[date (fruit)|dates]].]] ==wolde== Ɗemɗe ɗiɗi ina kaalee e nokku hee : sifaa nokkuyankeewo Arab Colloquial jokkondirɗo e Hassaniya, e Shilha walla Tashelhiyt, ɗemngal Berbeer. == Oaseeji == [[Image:Draâ river.JPG|left|thumb|Draa river in [[Agdz]]]] Falnde maayo Draa toowngo, fotde 200 kiloomeeteer (120 mi) njuuteendi, ina waɗi nokkuuji jeegom (6) oaseeji/palmeeji gila fuɗnaange haa fuɗnaange: * Oasiis Mezguita, e Agdz e Auriz e fuɗnaange mum baraas Tamsikht Oasis Tinzouline, e Oulé Lagraier, Tinzouline, Oulé Yaoub e baraas to bannge worgo mum * Oasiis Ternata e Zagora Oasiis Fezouata e Tamegroute e fuɗnaange mum baraas Azagha * Oasiis Ktaoua (e ɗemngal Engele Ktawa) e Tagounite, Blida, Tiraf e baraas Bounou to fuɗnaange mum * Oasis de Muhamid Guzlan avec Muhamid Guzlan ==Tuugnorgal== ikqrknn6cv2h760mm3qrrnimwo18t9k 175939 175938 2026-06-23T10:13:11Z Nnamadee 11577 175939 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Draa''' (aarabeeɓe: وادي درعة, e ɗemngal romaan: wādī dar'a; kadi ina winndaa Dra walla Drâa, e nder binndanɗe ɓooyɗe ko ɓuri heewde ko Darha walla Dara) ko maayo ɓurngo juutde e leydi Maruk, ngo njuuteendi mum ko 1 100 kiloomeeteer (680 mi). Nde sosaa ko nde maayo Dadès e maayo Imini kawri. Nde ummotoo ko e koɗli Atlas toowɗo, nde ummotoo ko to fuɗnaange-rewo haa Tagounite, nde ummotoo ko Tagounite ko ɓuri heewde ko to bannge hirnaange haa to hunduko mayre e nder geec Atlantik won ɗo to fuɗnaange Tan-Tan. E hitaande 1971, baraas (El) Mansour Eddahabi mahaa ngam huutoraade laamorgo diiwaan oo, hono Waarzazate, e yuɓɓinde doggol Draa. Ko ɓuri heewde e hitaande feccere Draa caggal Tagounite ina yoora. E feccere adannde e teeminannde 20ɓiire, laawol ɓurngol lesɗude ngol Draa woni keeri hakkunde protektorat Farayse e Maruk e nokku mo Espaañ laami. Falnde ndee ina waɗi ɓulli Fezouata, ko ɗiin ngoni ɓulli Burgess ɗi mbaydiiji mum en njahrata ko e Ordovicien les, ina kebbina windoore ndeenka teeŋtunde hakkunde lagerstätten Kambriyankeewo keewɗo e ɓulli Soom Ordovicien cakkitiiɗi ɗii.<ref>Van Roy, P.; Orr, P. J.; Botting, J. P.; Muir, L. A.; Vinther, J.; Lefebvre, B.; Hariri, K. E.; Briggs, D. E. G. (2010). "Ordovician faunas of Burgess Shale type". Nature. 465 (7295): 215–8. Bibcode:2010Natur.465..215V. doi:10.1038/nature09038. <nowiki>PMID 20463737</nowiki>. S2CID 4313285. Archived from the original on 2024-02-25. Retrieved 2024-02-24.</ref> E nder fauna fossilized ina woodi tagooje keewɗe ɗe cikkatnoo ko adii ɗuum maayii caggal cakkital Kambriyan.<ref>Gill, Victoria (13 May 2010). "BBC News - Fossil find resolves ancient extinction mystery". BBC Online. British Broadcasting Corporation. Archived from the original on 2 February 2020. Retrieved 2 September 2015.</ref> == Tariya == === Ko adii daartol === Golle aadee e nder falnde Draa e koɗli saraaji mum ina njokki ko famɗi fof e Paleolitik les, hono no kuutorɗe Oldowan e Acheule tawaaɗe sara Tamegroute seedtorii nii. Nokkuuji Paleolitik hakkundeeji ina keewi.[5] Naalankaagal kaaƴe jamaanu Neolitik ina tawee e nder falnde Draa fof, ina hollira dille dogdu kam e jawdi ndariindi.[6] Taariindi nokkuuji ɗii laaɓaani, kono ko adii fof ina waawi wonde ko e ujunnaaje 3ɓiire ko adii jibineede Iisaa.[7] === Ko adii hitaande 1054 === [[Image:Ptolemy11.jpg|thumb|upright=1.35|Ptolemy's map of Africa. The River Draa, Dara fl. is in the center of the map, just south of the mountain range, above the word Garamantes. fl. is an abbreviation for flumen, Latin river.]] E laamu Wattasid Abuu al-Abbas Ahmadu ibn Muhammadu, Askia Ishaq I mo laamu Songhai neldi tuwaareg en e nder falnde Draa ngam yoɓde tooñannge dipolomaasi ɗo Maruk ɗaɓɓiri yoɓde lowre salte Taghaza nde nafoore mum tolnii.[10] === Saadi === [11] [12] === Alaowinaaɓe === [[Image:The river draa.JPG|right|thumb|The Draa river]] [[Image:Darha.jpg|thumb|upright=1.6|Map of Southern Morocco, 1705, by Nicolaas Sanson (Province of Darha/Draa with pink borders in the middle of the map)]]Nayi e ɓiɓɓe Ismaa’il Ibnu Sharif ngoni ko khaliifaaji Draa: * Mulay Muhammadu as-Sharif bin Ismaa’il as-Samin (s/o miñi mum timmuɗo Muhammadu al-Alam). Kaliifa mo Draa hitaande 1703. * Mulay Abdu'l Maalik ɓii Ismaa'il as-Saamiin. b. ca. 1677. Kaliifa mo Draa. O wonnoo ko k. ngam waɗde feere ngam haɓaade baaba makko, hitaande 1696. * Mulay Nasiir ɓi Ismaa'il as-Samin. Kaliifa mo Draa 1702-1703, e mo Tafilalt. Murtuɓe e hitaande 1711-1712. O wonnoo ko k. 1714. * H.M. Sultaan Abuu Marwan Mulay Abdul Maalik Sultaan Maruk ekn b. to Meknes, caggal 1696, ɓiy H.M. Sultan 'Abul Nasir Mulay Ismaa'il as-Samin bin Sharif, Sultan Marok, educ. e nder keeri. Khalifa mo Draa hitaande 1701-1703, e mo Sus hitaande 1717-1718. Bayyinaama Sultan e dow liggorde mawniiko 13 mars 1728. Limtaama to Meknes 18 sulyee 1728. Dogi o fayi Fes, o nanngaa toon 23 desaambar 1728. O k. (waraaɗo) to Meknes, ñalnde 2 marse 1729 (bur. toon to galle Mulay Ismaa’il). [[Image:Casbah vallee du draa.jpg|thumb|left|Kashbah in the Draa valley]] [[File:Pomegranate In Draa River Valley Morocco.jpg|thumb|upright|The Draa river supports light agriculture, including the cultivation of [[pomegranate]]s and [[date (fruit)|dates]].]] ==wolde== Ɗemɗe ɗiɗi ina kaalee e nokku hee : sifaa nokkuyankeewo Arab Colloquial jokkondirɗo e Hassaniya, e Shilha walla Tashelhiyt, ɗemngal Berbeer. == Oaseeji == [[Image:Draâ river.JPG|left|thumb|Draa river in [[Agdz]]]] Falnde maayo Draa toowngo, fotde 200 kiloomeeteer (120 mi) njuuteendi, ina waɗi nokkuuji jeegom (6) oaseeji/palmeeji gila fuɗnaange haa fuɗnaange: * Oasiis Mezguita, e Agdz e Auriz e fuɗnaange mum baraas Tamsikht Oasis Tinzouline, e Oulé Lagraier, Tinzouline, Oulé Yaoub e baraas to bannge worgo mum * Oasiis Ternata e Zagora Oasiis Fezouata e Tamegroute e fuɗnaange mum baraas Azagha * Oasiis Ktaoua (e ɗemngal Engele Ktawa) e Tagounite, Blida, Tiraf e baraas Bounou to fuɗnaange mum * Oasis de Muhamid Guzlan avec Muhamid Guzlan ==Tuugnorgal== 8f255qd406y7nexvq25pilxtru7cvrh 175941 175939 2026-06-23T10:13:37Z Nnamadee 11577 175941 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Draa''' (aarabeeɓe: وادي درعة, e ɗemngal romaan: wādī dar'a; kadi ina winndaa Dra walla Drâa, e nder binndanɗe ɓooyɗe ko ɓuri heewde ko Darha walla Dara) ko maayo ɓurngo juutde e leydi Maruk, ngo njuuteendi mum ko 1 100 kiloomeeteer (680 mi). Nde sosaa ko nde maayo Dadès e maayo Imini kawri. Nde ummotoo ko e koɗli Atlas toowɗo, nde ummotoo ko to fuɗnaange-rewo haa Tagounite, nde ummotoo ko Tagounite ko ɓuri heewde ko to bannge hirnaange haa to hunduko mayre e nder geec Atlantik won ɗo to fuɗnaange Tan-Tan. E hitaande 1971, baraas (El) Mansour Eddahabi mahaa ngam huutoraade laamorgo diiwaan oo, hono Waarzazate, e yuɓɓinde doggol Draa. Ko ɓuri heewde e hitaande feccere Draa caggal Tagounite ina yoora. E feccere adannde e teeminannde 20ɓiire, laawol ɓurngol lesɗude ngol Draa woni keeri hakkunde protektorat Farayse e Maruk e nokku mo Espaañ laami. Falnde ndee ina waɗi ɓulli Fezouata, ko ɗiin ngoni ɓulli Burgess ɗi mbaydiiji mum en njahrata ko e Ordovicien les, ina kebbina windoore ndeenka teeŋtunde hakkunde lagerstätten Kambriyankeewo keewɗo e ɓulli Soom Ordovicien cakkitiiɗi ɗii.<ref>Van Roy, P.; Orr, P. J.; Botting, J. P.; Muir, L. A.; Vinther, J.; Lefebvre, B.; Hariri, K. E.; Briggs, D. E. G. (2010). "Ordovician faunas of Burgess Shale type". Nature. 465 (7295): 215–8. Bibcode:2010Natur.465..215V. doi:10.1038/nature09038. <nowiki>PMID 20463737</nowiki>. S2CID 4313285. Archived from the original on 2024-02-25. Retrieved 2024-02-24.</ref> E nder fauna fossilized ina woodi tagooje keewɗe ɗe cikkatnoo ko adii ɗuum maayii caggal cakkital Kambriyan.<ref>Gill, Victoria (13 May 2010). "BBC News - Fossil find resolves ancient extinction mystery". BBC Online. British Broadcasting Corporation. Archived from the original on 2 February 2020. Retrieved 2 September 2015.</ref> == Tariya == === Ko adii daartol === Golle aadee e nder falnde Draa e koɗli saraaji mum ina njokki ko famɗi fof e Paleolitik les, hono no kuutorɗe Oldowan e Acheule tawaaɗe sara Tamegroute seedtorii nii. Nokkuuji Paleolitik hakkundeeji ina keewi.<ref>Mattingly, David J.; Bokbot, Youssef; Sterry, Martin; Cuénod, Aurelie; Fenwick, Corisande; Gatto, Maria Carmela; Ray, Nick; Rayne, Louise; Janin, Katrien; Lamb, Andrew; Mugnai, Niccoló; Nikolaus, Julia (2017). "Long-term History in a Moroccan Oasis Zone: The Middle Draa Project 2015". Journal of African Archaeology. 15 (2): 149. doi:10.1163/21915784-12340009. hdl:2381/42893. ISSN 1612-1651. Archived from the original on 21 May 2024. Retrieved 7 February 2024.</ref> Naalankaagal kaaƴe jamaanu Neolitik ina tawee e nder falnde Draa fof, ina hollira dille dogdu kam e jawdi ndariindi.[6] Taariindi nokkuuji ɗii laaɓaani, kono ko adii fof ina waawi wonde ko e ujunnaaje 3ɓiire ko adii jibineede Iisaa.[7] === Ko adii hitaande 1054 === [[Image:Ptolemy11.jpg|thumb|upright=1.35|Ptolemy's map of Africa. The River Draa, Dara fl. is in the center of the map, just south of the mountain range, above the word Garamantes. fl. is an abbreviation for flumen, Latin river.]] E laamu Wattasid Abuu al-Abbas Ahmadu ibn Muhammadu, Askia Ishaq I mo laamu Songhai neldi tuwaareg en e nder falnde Draa ngam yoɓde tooñannge dipolomaasi ɗo Maruk ɗaɓɓiri yoɓde lowre salte Taghaza nde nafoore mum tolnii.[10] === Saadi === [11] [12] === Alaowinaaɓe === [[Image:The river draa.JPG|right|thumb|The Draa river]] [[Image:Darha.jpg|thumb|upright=1.6|Map of Southern Morocco, 1705, by Nicolaas Sanson (Province of Darha/Draa with pink borders in the middle of the map)]]Nayi e ɓiɓɓe Ismaa’il Ibnu Sharif ngoni ko khaliifaaji Draa: * Mulay Muhammadu as-Sharif bin Ismaa’il as-Samin (s/o miñi mum timmuɗo Muhammadu al-Alam). Kaliifa mo Draa hitaande 1703. * Mulay Abdu'l Maalik ɓii Ismaa'il as-Saamiin. b. ca. 1677. Kaliifa mo Draa. O wonnoo ko k. ngam waɗde feere ngam haɓaade baaba makko, hitaande 1696. * Mulay Nasiir ɓi Ismaa'il as-Samin. Kaliifa mo Draa 1702-1703, e mo Tafilalt. Murtuɓe e hitaande 1711-1712. O wonnoo ko k. 1714. * H.M. Sultaan Abuu Marwan Mulay Abdul Maalik Sultaan Maruk ekn b. to Meknes, caggal 1696, ɓiy H.M. Sultan 'Abul Nasir Mulay Ismaa'il as-Samin bin Sharif, Sultan Marok, educ. e nder keeri. Khalifa mo Draa hitaande 1701-1703, e mo Sus hitaande 1717-1718. Bayyinaama Sultan e dow liggorde mawniiko 13 mars 1728. Limtaama to Meknes 18 sulyee 1728. Dogi o fayi Fes, o nanngaa toon 23 desaambar 1728. O k. (waraaɗo) to Meknes, ñalnde 2 marse 1729 (bur. toon to galle Mulay Ismaa’il). [[Image:Casbah vallee du draa.jpg|thumb|left|Kashbah in the Draa valley]] [[File:Pomegranate In Draa River Valley Morocco.jpg|thumb|upright|The Draa river supports light agriculture, including the cultivation of [[pomegranate]]s and [[date (fruit)|dates]].]] ==wolde== Ɗemɗe ɗiɗi ina kaalee e nokku hee : sifaa nokkuyankeewo Arab Colloquial jokkondirɗo e Hassaniya, e Shilha walla Tashelhiyt, ɗemngal Berbeer. == Oaseeji == [[Image:Draâ river.JPG|left|thumb|Draa river in [[Agdz]]]] Falnde maayo Draa toowngo, fotde 200 kiloomeeteer (120 mi) njuuteendi, ina waɗi nokkuuji jeegom (6) oaseeji/palmeeji gila fuɗnaange haa fuɗnaange: * Oasiis Mezguita, e Agdz e Auriz e fuɗnaange mum baraas Tamsikht Oasis Tinzouline, e Oulé Lagraier, Tinzouline, Oulé Yaoub e baraas to bannge worgo mum * Oasiis Ternata e Zagora Oasiis Fezouata e Tamegroute e fuɗnaange mum baraas Azagha * Oasiis Ktaoua (e ɗemngal Engele Ktawa) e Tagounite, Blida, Tiraf e baraas Bounou to fuɗnaange mum * Oasis de Muhamid Guzlan avec Muhamid Guzlan ==Tuugnorgal== l4xj8yj5agnfk8173feuj5ef006j8de 175942 175941 2026-06-23T10:14:13Z Nnamadee 11577 175942 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Draa''' (aarabeeɓe: وادي درعة, e ɗemngal romaan: wādī dar'a; kadi ina winndaa Dra walla Drâa, e nder binndanɗe ɓooyɗe ko ɓuri heewde ko Darha walla Dara) ko maayo ɓurngo juutde e leydi Maruk, ngo njuuteendi mum ko 1 100 kiloomeeteer (680 mi). Nde sosaa ko nde maayo Dadès e maayo Imini kawri. Nde ummotoo ko e koɗli Atlas toowɗo, nde ummotoo ko to fuɗnaange-rewo haa Tagounite, nde ummotoo ko Tagounite ko ɓuri heewde ko to bannge hirnaange haa to hunduko mayre e nder geec Atlantik won ɗo to fuɗnaange Tan-Tan. E hitaande 1971, baraas (El) Mansour Eddahabi mahaa ngam huutoraade laamorgo diiwaan oo, hono Waarzazate, e yuɓɓinde doggol Draa. Ko ɓuri heewde e hitaande feccere Draa caggal Tagounite ina yoora. E feccere adannde e teeminannde 20ɓiire, laawol ɓurngol lesɗude ngol Draa woni keeri hakkunde protektorat Farayse e Maruk e nokku mo Espaañ laami. Falnde ndee ina waɗi ɓulli Fezouata, ko ɗiin ngoni ɓulli Burgess ɗi mbaydiiji mum en njahrata ko e Ordovicien les, ina kebbina windoore ndeenka teeŋtunde hakkunde lagerstätten Kambriyankeewo keewɗo e ɓulli Soom Ordovicien cakkitiiɗi ɗii.<ref>Van Roy, P.; Orr, P. J.; Botting, J. P.; Muir, L. A.; Vinther, J.; Lefebvre, B.; Hariri, K. E.; Briggs, D. E. G. (2010). "Ordovician faunas of Burgess Shale type". Nature. 465 (7295): 215–8. Bibcode:2010Natur.465..215V. doi:10.1038/nature09038. <nowiki>PMID 20463737</nowiki>. S2CID 4313285. Archived from the original on 2024-02-25. Retrieved 2024-02-24.</ref> E nder fauna fossilized ina woodi tagooje keewɗe ɗe cikkatnoo ko adii ɗuum maayii caggal cakkital Kambriyan.<ref>Gill, Victoria (13 May 2010). "BBC News - Fossil find resolves ancient extinction mystery". BBC Online. British Broadcasting Corporation. Archived from the original on 2 February 2020. Retrieved 2 September 2015.</ref> == Tariya == === Ko adii daartol === Golle aadee e nder falnde Draa e koɗli saraaji mum ina njokki ko famɗi fof e Paleolitik les, hono no kuutorɗe Oldowan e Acheule tawaaɗe sara Tamegroute seedtorii nii. Nokkuuji Paleolitik hakkundeeji ina keewi.<ref>Mattingly, David J.; Bokbot, Youssef; Sterry, Martin; Cuénod, Aurelie; Fenwick, Corisande; Gatto, Maria Carmela; Ray, Nick; Rayne, Louise; Janin, Katrien; Lamb, Andrew; Mugnai, Niccoló; Nikolaus, Julia (2017). "Long-term History in a Moroccan Oasis Zone: The Middle Draa Project 2015". Journal of African Archaeology. 15 (2): 149. doi:10.1163/21915784-12340009. hdl:2381/42893. ISSN 1612-1651. Archived from the original on 21 May 2024. Retrieved 7 February 2024.</ref> Naalankaagal kaaƴe jamaanu Neolitik ina tawee e nder falnde Draa fof, ina hollira dille dogdu kam e jawdi ndariindi.<ref>Searight, Susan (2001). The Prehistoric rock art of Morocco (PhD thesis). p. 245. Archived from the original on 7 February 2024. Retrieved 7 February 2024.</ref> Taariindi nokkuuji ɗii laaɓaani, kono ko adii fof ina waawi wonde ko e ujunnaaje 3ɓiire ko adii jibineede Iisaa.[7] === Ko adii hitaande 1054 === [[Image:Ptolemy11.jpg|thumb|upright=1.35|Ptolemy's map of Africa. The River Draa, Dara fl. is in the center of the map, just south of the mountain range, above the word Garamantes. fl. is an abbreviation for flumen, Latin river.]] E laamu Wattasid Abuu al-Abbas Ahmadu ibn Muhammadu, Askia Ishaq I mo laamu Songhai neldi tuwaareg en e nder falnde Draa ngam yoɓde tooñannge dipolomaasi ɗo Maruk ɗaɓɓiri yoɓde lowre salte Taghaza nde nafoore mum tolnii.[10] === Saadi === [11] [12] === Alaowinaaɓe === [[Image:The river draa.JPG|right|thumb|The Draa river]] [[Image:Darha.jpg|thumb|upright=1.6|Map of Southern Morocco, 1705, by Nicolaas Sanson (Province of Darha/Draa with pink borders in the middle of the map)]]Nayi e ɓiɓɓe Ismaa’il Ibnu Sharif ngoni ko khaliifaaji Draa: * Mulay Muhammadu as-Sharif bin Ismaa’il as-Samin (s/o miñi mum timmuɗo Muhammadu al-Alam). Kaliifa mo Draa hitaande 1703. * Mulay Abdu'l Maalik ɓii Ismaa'il as-Saamiin. b. ca. 1677. Kaliifa mo Draa. O wonnoo ko k. ngam waɗde feere ngam haɓaade baaba makko, hitaande 1696. * Mulay Nasiir ɓi Ismaa'il as-Samin. Kaliifa mo Draa 1702-1703, e mo Tafilalt. Murtuɓe e hitaande 1711-1712. O wonnoo ko k. 1714. * H.M. Sultaan Abuu Marwan Mulay Abdul Maalik Sultaan Maruk ekn b. to Meknes, caggal 1696, ɓiy H.M. Sultan 'Abul Nasir Mulay Ismaa'il as-Samin bin Sharif, Sultan Marok, educ. e nder keeri. Khalifa mo Draa hitaande 1701-1703, e mo Sus hitaande 1717-1718. Bayyinaama Sultan e dow liggorde mawniiko 13 mars 1728. Limtaama to Meknes 18 sulyee 1728. Dogi o fayi Fes, o nanngaa toon 23 desaambar 1728. O k. (waraaɗo) to Meknes, ñalnde 2 marse 1729 (bur. toon to galle Mulay Ismaa’il). [[Image:Casbah vallee du draa.jpg|thumb|left|Kashbah in the Draa valley]] [[File:Pomegranate In Draa River Valley Morocco.jpg|thumb|upright|The Draa river supports light agriculture, including the cultivation of [[pomegranate]]s and [[date (fruit)|dates]].]] ==wolde== Ɗemɗe ɗiɗi ina kaalee e nokku hee : sifaa nokkuyankeewo Arab Colloquial jokkondirɗo e Hassaniya, e Shilha walla Tashelhiyt, ɗemngal Berbeer. == Oaseeji == [[Image:Draâ river.JPG|left|thumb|Draa river in [[Agdz]]]] Falnde maayo Draa toowngo, fotde 200 kiloomeeteer (120 mi) njuuteendi, ina waɗi nokkuuji jeegom (6) oaseeji/palmeeji gila fuɗnaange haa fuɗnaange: * Oasiis Mezguita, e Agdz e Auriz e fuɗnaange mum baraas Tamsikht Oasis Tinzouline, e Oulé Lagraier, Tinzouline, Oulé Yaoub e baraas to bannge worgo mum * Oasiis Ternata e Zagora Oasiis Fezouata e Tamegroute e fuɗnaange mum baraas Azagha * Oasiis Ktaoua (e ɗemngal Engele Ktawa) e Tagounite, Blida, Tiraf e baraas Bounou to fuɗnaange mum * Oasis de Muhamid Guzlan avec Muhamid Guzlan ==Tuugnorgal== 5taaelbx5jbe6x39eam3wbifh25kl77 175943 175942 2026-06-23T10:14:41Z Nnamadee 11577 175943 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Draa''' (aarabeeɓe: وادي درعة, e ɗemngal romaan: wādī dar'a; kadi ina winndaa Dra walla Drâa, e nder binndanɗe ɓooyɗe ko ɓuri heewde ko Darha walla Dara) ko maayo ɓurngo juutde e leydi Maruk, ngo njuuteendi mum ko 1 100 kiloomeeteer (680 mi). Nde sosaa ko nde maayo Dadès e maayo Imini kawri. Nde ummotoo ko e koɗli Atlas toowɗo, nde ummotoo ko to fuɗnaange-rewo haa Tagounite, nde ummotoo ko Tagounite ko ɓuri heewde ko to bannge hirnaange haa to hunduko mayre e nder geec Atlantik won ɗo to fuɗnaange Tan-Tan. E hitaande 1971, baraas (El) Mansour Eddahabi mahaa ngam huutoraade laamorgo diiwaan oo, hono Waarzazate, e yuɓɓinde doggol Draa. Ko ɓuri heewde e hitaande feccere Draa caggal Tagounite ina yoora. E feccere adannde e teeminannde 20ɓiire, laawol ɓurngol lesɗude ngol Draa woni keeri hakkunde protektorat Farayse e Maruk e nokku mo Espaañ laami. Falnde ndee ina waɗi ɓulli Fezouata, ko ɗiin ngoni ɓulli Burgess ɗi mbaydiiji mum en njahrata ko e Ordovicien les, ina kebbina windoore ndeenka teeŋtunde hakkunde lagerstätten Kambriyankeewo keewɗo e ɓulli Soom Ordovicien cakkitiiɗi ɗii.<ref>Van Roy, P.; Orr, P. J.; Botting, J. P.; Muir, L. A.; Vinther, J.; Lefebvre, B.; Hariri, K. E.; Briggs, D. E. G. (2010). "Ordovician faunas of Burgess Shale type". Nature. 465 (7295): 215–8. Bibcode:2010Natur.465..215V. doi:10.1038/nature09038. <nowiki>PMID 20463737</nowiki>. S2CID 4313285. Archived from the original on 2024-02-25. Retrieved 2024-02-24.</ref> E nder fauna fossilized ina woodi tagooje keewɗe ɗe cikkatnoo ko adii ɗuum maayii caggal cakkital Kambriyan.<ref>Gill, Victoria (13 May 2010). "BBC News - Fossil find resolves ancient extinction mystery". BBC Online. British Broadcasting Corporation. Archived from the original on 2 February 2020. Retrieved 2 September 2015.</ref> == Tariya == === Ko adii daartol === Golle aadee e nder falnde Draa e koɗli saraaji mum ina njokki ko famɗi fof e Paleolitik les, hono no kuutorɗe Oldowan e Acheule tawaaɗe sara Tamegroute seedtorii nii. Nokkuuji Paleolitik hakkundeeji ina keewi.<ref>Mattingly, David J.; Bokbot, Youssef; Sterry, Martin; Cuénod, Aurelie; Fenwick, Corisande; Gatto, Maria Carmela; Ray, Nick; Rayne, Louise; Janin, Katrien; Lamb, Andrew; Mugnai, Niccoló; Nikolaus, Julia (2017). "Long-term History in a Moroccan Oasis Zone: The Middle Draa Project 2015". Journal of African Archaeology. 15 (2): 149. doi:10.1163/21915784-12340009. hdl:2381/42893. ISSN 1612-1651. Archived from the original on 21 May 2024. Retrieved 7 February 2024.</ref> Naalankaagal kaaƴe jamaanu Neolitik ina tawee e nder falnde Draa fof, ina hollira dille dogdu kam e jawdi ndariindi.<ref>Searight, Susan (2001). The Prehistoric rock art of Morocco (PhD thesis). p. 245. Archived from the original on 7 February 2024. Retrieved 7 February 2024.</ref> Taariindi nokkuuji ɗii laaɓaani, kono ko adii fof ina waawi wonde ko e ujunnaaje 3ɓiire ko adii jibineede Iisaa.<ref>Searight 2001, p. 189.</ref> === Ko adii hitaande 1054 === [[Image:Ptolemy11.jpg|thumb|upright=1.35|Ptolemy's map of Africa. The River Draa, Dara fl. is in the center of the map, just south of the mountain range, above the word Garamantes. fl. is an abbreviation for flumen, Latin river.]] E laamu Wattasid Abuu al-Abbas Ahmadu ibn Muhammadu, Askia Ishaq I mo laamu Songhai neldi tuwaareg en e nder falnde Draa ngam yoɓde tooñannge dipolomaasi ɗo Maruk ɗaɓɓiri yoɓde lowre salte Taghaza nde nafoore mum tolnii.[10] === Saadi === [11] [12] === Alaowinaaɓe === [[Image:The river draa.JPG|right|thumb|The Draa river]] [[Image:Darha.jpg|thumb|upright=1.6|Map of Southern Morocco, 1705, by Nicolaas Sanson (Province of Darha/Draa with pink borders in the middle of the map)]]Nayi e ɓiɓɓe Ismaa’il Ibnu Sharif ngoni ko khaliifaaji Draa: * Mulay Muhammadu as-Sharif bin Ismaa’il as-Samin (s/o miñi mum timmuɗo Muhammadu al-Alam). Kaliifa mo Draa hitaande 1703. * Mulay Abdu'l Maalik ɓii Ismaa'il as-Saamiin. b. ca. 1677. Kaliifa mo Draa. O wonnoo ko k. ngam waɗde feere ngam haɓaade baaba makko, hitaande 1696. * Mulay Nasiir ɓi Ismaa'il as-Samin. Kaliifa mo Draa 1702-1703, e mo Tafilalt. Murtuɓe e hitaande 1711-1712. O wonnoo ko k. 1714. * H.M. Sultaan Abuu Marwan Mulay Abdul Maalik Sultaan Maruk ekn b. to Meknes, caggal 1696, ɓiy H.M. Sultan 'Abul Nasir Mulay Ismaa'il as-Samin bin Sharif, Sultan Marok, educ. e nder keeri. Khalifa mo Draa hitaande 1701-1703, e mo Sus hitaande 1717-1718. Bayyinaama Sultan e dow liggorde mawniiko 13 mars 1728. Limtaama to Meknes 18 sulyee 1728. Dogi o fayi Fes, o nanngaa toon 23 desaambar 1728. O k. (waraaɗo) to Meknes, ñalnde 2 marse 1729 (bur. toon to galle Mulay Ismaa’il). [[Image:Casbah vallee du draa.jpg|thumb|left|Kashbah in the Draa valley]] [[File:Pomegranate In Draa River Valley Morocco.jpg|thumb|upright|The Draa river supports light agriculture, including the cultivation of [[pomegranate]]s and [[date (fruit)|dates]].]] ==wolde== Ɗemɗe ɗiɗi ina kaalee e nokku hee : sifaa nokkuyankeewo Arab Colloquial jokkondirɗo e Hassaniya, e Shilha walla Tashelhiyt, ɗemngal Berbeer. == Oaseeji == [[Image:Draâ river.JPG|left|thumb|Draa river in [[Agdz]]]] Falnde maayo Draa toowngo, fotde 200 kiloomeeteer (120 mi) njuuteendi, ina waɗi nokkuuji jeegom (6) oaseeji/palmeeji gila fuɗnaange haa fuɗnaange: * Oasiis Mezguita, e Agdz e Auriz e fuɗnaange mum baraas Tamsikht Oasis Tinzouline, e Oulé Lagraier, Tinzouline, Oulé Yaoub e baraas to bannge worgo mum * Oasiis Ternata e Zagora Oasiis Fezouata e Tamegroute e fuɗnaange mum baraas Azagha * Oasiis Ktaoua (e ɗemngal Engele Ktawa) e Tagounite, Blida, Tiraf e baraas Bounou to fuɗnaange mum * Oasis de Muhamid Guzlan avec Muhamid Guzlan ==Tuugnorgal== 6uqn9fsfcoorqr8a0mpbpq6zk1wiywc 175945 175943 2026-06-23T10:15:31Z Nnamadee 11577 175945 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Draa''' (aarabeeɓe: وادي درعة, e ɗemngal romaan: wādī dar'a; kadi ina winndaa Dra walla Drâa, e nder binndanɗe ɓooyɗe ko ɓuri heewde ko Darha walla Dara) ko maayo ɓurngo juutde e leydi Maruk, ngo njuuteendi mum ko 1 100 kiloomeeteer (680 mi). Nde sosaa ko nde maayo Dadès e maayo Imini kawri. Nde ummotoo ko e koɗli Atlas toowɗo, nde ummotoo ko to fuɗnaange-rewo haa Tagounite, nde ummotoo ko Tagounite ko ɓuri heewde ko to bannge hirnaange haa to hunduko mayre e nder geec Atlantik won ɗo to fuɗnaange Tan-Tan. E hitaande 1971, baraas (El) Mansour Eddahabi mahaa ngam huutoraade laamorgo diiwaan oo, hono Waarzazate, e yuɓɓinde doggol Draa. Ko ɓuri heewde e hitaande feccere Draa caggal Tagounite ina yoora. E feccere adannde e teeminannde 20ɓiire, laawol ɓurngol lesɗude ngol Draa woni keeri hakkunde protektorat Farayse e Maruk e nokku mo Espaañ laami. Falnde ndee ina waɗi ɓulli Fezouata, ko ɗiin ngoni ɓulli Burgess ɗi mbaydiiji mum en njahrata ko e Ordovicien les, ina kebbina windoore ndeenka teeŋtunde hakkunde lagerstätten Kambriyankeewo keewɗo e ɓulli Soom Ordovicien cakkitiiɗi ɗii.<ref>Van Roy, P.; Orr, P. J.; Botting, J. P.; Muir, L. A.; Vinther, J.; Lefebvre, B.; Hariri, K. E.; Briggs, D. E. G. (2010). "Ordovician faunas of Burgess Shale type". Nature. 465 (7295): 215–8. Bibcode:2010Natur.465..215V. doi:10.1038/nature09038. <nowiki>PMID 20463737</nowiki>. S2CID 4313285. Archived from the original on 2024-02-25. Retrieved 2024-02-24.</ref> E nder fauna fossilized ina woodi tagooje keewɗe ɗe cikkatnoo ko adii ɗuum maayii caggal cakkital Kambriyan.<ref>Gill, Victoria (13 May 2010). "BBC News - Fossil find resolves ancient extinction mystery". BBC Online. British Broadcasting Corporation. Archived from the original on 2 February 2020. Retrieved 2 September 2015.</ref> == Tariya == === Ko adii daartol === Golle aadee e nder falnde Draa e koɗli saraaji mum ina njokki ko famɗi fof e Paleolitik les, hono no kuutorɗe Oldowan e Acheule tawaaɗe sara Tamegroute seedtorii nii. Nokkuuji Paleolitik hakkundeeji ina keewi.<ref>Mattingly, David J.; Bokbot, Youssef; Sterry, Martin; Cuénod, Aurelie; Fenwick, Corisande; Gatto, Maria Carmela; Ray, Nick; Rayne, Louise; Janin, Katrien; Lamb, Andrew; Mugnai, Niccoló; Nikolaus, Julia (2017). "Long-term History in a Moroccan Oasis Zone: The Middle Draa Project 2015". Journal of African Archaeology. 15 (2): 149. doi:10.1163/21915784-12340009. hdl:2381/42893. ISSN 1612-1651. Archived from the original on 21 May 2024. Retrieved 7 February 2024.</ref> Naalankaagal kaaƴe jamaanu Neolitik ina tawee e nder falnde Draa fof, ina hollira dille dogdu kam e jawdi ndariindi.<ref>Searight, Susan (2001). The Prehistoric rock art of Morocco (PhD thesis). p. 245. Archived from the original on 7 February 2024. Retrieved 7 February 2024.</ref> Taariindi nokkuuji ɗii laaɓaani, kono ko adii fof ina waawi wonde ko e ujunnaaje 3ɓiire ko adii jibineede Iisaa.<ref>Searight 2001, p. 189.</ref> === Ko adii hitaande 1054 === <ref>The topography of Hanno's journey has recently been discussed by W.F.G. Lacroix in the fourth appendix of his Africa in Antiquity. A linguistic and toponymic analysis of Ptolemy's map of Africa (1998 Saarbrücken)</ref>[[Image:Ptolemy11.jpg|thumb|upright=1.35|Ptolemy's map of Africa. The River Draa, Dara fl. is in the center of the map, just south of the mountain range, above the word Garamantes. fl. is an abbreviation for flumen, Latin river.]] E laamu Wattasid Abuu al-Abbas Ahmadu ibn Muhammadu, Askia Ishaq I mo laamu Songhai neldi tuwaareg en e nder falnde Draa ngam yoɓde tooñannge dipolomaasi ɗo Maruk ɗaɓɓiri yoɓde lowre salte Taghaza nde nafoore mum tolnii.[10] === Saadi === [11] [12] === Alaowinaaɓe === [[Image:The river draa.JPG|right|thumb|The Draa river]] [[Image:Darha.jpg|thumb|upright=1.6|Map of Southern Morocco, 1705, by Nicolaas Sanson (Province of Darha/Draa with pink borders in the middle of the map)]]Nayi e ɓiɓɓe Ismaa’il Ibnu Sharif ngoni ko khaliifaaji Draa: * Mulay Muhammadu as-Sharif bin Ismaa’il as-Samin (s/o miñi mum timmuɗo Muhammadu al-Alam). Kaliifa mo Draa hitaande 1703. * Mulay Abdu'l Maalik ɓii Ismaa'il as-Saamiin. b. ca. 1677. Kaliifa mo Draa. O wonnoo ko k. ngam waɗde feere ngam haɓaade baaba makko, hitaande 1696. * Mulay Nasiir ɓi Ismaa'il as-Samin. Kaliifa mo Draa 1702-1703, e mo Tafilalt. Murtuɓe e hitaande 1711-1712. O wonnoo ko k. 1714. * H.M. Sultaan Abuu Marwan Mulay Abdul Maalik Sultaan Maruk ekn b. to Meknes, caggal 1696, ɓiy H.M. Sultan 'Abul Nasir Mulay Ismaa'il as-Samin bin Sharif, Sultan Marok, educ. e nder keeri. Khalifa mo Draa hitaande 1701-1703, e mo Sus hitaande 1717-1718. Bayyinaama Sultan e dow liggorde mawniiko 13 mars 1728. Limtaama to Meknes 18 sulyee 1728. Dogi o fayi Fes, o nanngaa toon 23 desaambar 1728. O k. (waraaɗo) to Meknes, ñalnde 2 marse 1729 (bur. toon to galle Mulay Ismaa’il). [[Image:Casbah vallee du draa.jpg|thumb|left|Kashbah in the Draa valley]] [[File:Pomegranate In Draa River Valley Morocco.jpg|thumb|upright|The Draa river supports light agriculture, including the cultivation of [[pomegranate]]s and [[date (fruit)|dates]].]] ==wolde== Ɗemɗe ɗiɗi ina kaalee e nokku hee : sifaa nokkuyankeewo Arab Colloquial jokkondirɗo e Hassaniya, e Shilha walla Tashelhiyt, ɗemngal Berbeer. == Oaseeji == [[Image:Draâ river.JPG|left|thumb|Draa river in [[Agdz]]]] Falnde maayo Draa toowngo, fotde 200 kiloomeeteer (120 mi) njuuteendi, ina waɗi nokkuuji jeegom (6) oaseeji/palmeeji gila fuɗnaange haa fuɗnaange: * Oasiis Mezguita, e Agdz e Auriz e fuɗnaange mum baraas Tamsikht Oasis Tinzouline, e Oulé Lagraier, Tinzouline, Oulé Yaoub e baraas to bannge worgo mum * Oasiis Ternata e Zagora Oasiis Fezouata e Tamegroute e fuɗnaange mum baraas Azagha * Oasiis Ktaoua (e ɗemngal Engele Ktawa) e Tagounite, Blida, Tiraf e baraas Bounou to fuɗnaange mum * Oasis de Muhamid Guzlan avec Muhamid Guzlan ==Tuugnorgal== dfi96hf2y6zyih482vqy1g3e8paawhc 175946 175945 2026-06-23T10:16:02Z Nnamadee 11577 175946 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Draa''' (aarabeeɓe: وادي درعة, e ɗemngal romaan: wādī dar'a; kadi ina winndaa Dra walla Drâa, e nder binndanɗe ɓooyɗe ko ɓuri heewde ko Darha walla Dara) ko maayo ɓurngo juutde e leydi Maruk, ngo njuuteendi mum ko 1 100 kiloomeeteer (680 mi). Nde sosaa ko nde maayo Dadès e maayo Imini kawri. Nde ummotoo ko e koɗli Atlas toowɗo, nde ummotoo ko to fuɗnaange-rewo haa Tagounite, nde ummotoo ko Tagounite ko ɓuri heewde ko to bannge hirnaange haa to hunduko mayre e nder geec Atlantik won ɗo to fuɗnaange Tan-Tan. E hitaande 1971, baraas (El) Mansour Eddahabi mahaa ngam huutoraade laamorgo diiwaan oo, hono Waarzazate, e yuɓɓinde doggol Draa. Ko ɓuri heewde e hitaande feccere Draa caggal Tagounite ina yoora. E feccere adannde e teeminannde 20ɓiire, laawol ɓurngol lesɗude ngol Draa woni keeri hakkunde protektorat Farayse e Maruk e nokku mo Espaañ laami. Falnde ndee ina waɗi ɓulli Fezouata, ko ɗiin ngoni ɓulli Burgess ɗi mbaydiiji mum en njahrata ko e Ordovicien les, ina kebbina windoore ndeenka teeŋtunde hakkunde lagerstätten Kambriyankeewo keewɗo e ɓulli Soom Ordovicien cakkitiiɗi ɗii.<ref>Van Roy, P.; Orr, P. J.; Botting, J. P.; Muir, L. A.; Vinther, J.; Lefebvre, B.; Hariri, K. E.; Briggs, D. E. G. (2010). "Ordovician faunas of Burgess Shale type". Nature. 465 (7295): 215–8. Bibcode:2010Natur.465..215V. doi:10.1038/nature09038. <nowiki>PMID 20463737</nowiki>. S2CID 4313285. Archived from the original on 2024-02-25. Retrieved 2024-02-24.</ref> E nder fauna fossilized ina woodi tagooje keewɗe ɗe cikkatnoo ko adii ɗuum maayii caggal cakkital Kambriyan.<ref>Gill, Victoria (13 May 2010). "BBC News - Fossil find resolves ancient extinction mystery". BBC Online. British Broadcasting Corporation. Archived from the original on 2 February 2020. Retrieved 2 September 2015.</ref> == Tariya == === Ko adii daartol === Golle aadee e nder falnde Draa e koɗli saraaji mum ina njokki ko famɗi fof e Paleolitik les, hono no kuutorɗe Oldowan e Acheule tawaaɗe sara Tamegroute seedtorii nii. Nokkuuji Paleolitik hakkundeeji ina keewi.<ref>Mattingly, David J.; Bokbot, Youssef; Sterry, Martin; Cuénod, Aurelie; Fenwick, Corisande; Gatto, Maria Carmela; Ray, Nick; Rayne, Louise; Janin, Katrien; Lamb, Andrew; Mugnai, Niccoló; Nikolaus, Julia (2017). "Long-term History in a Moroccan Oasis Zone: The Middle Draa Project 2015". Journal of African Archaeology. 15 (2): 149. doi:10.1163/21915784-12340009. hdl:2381/42893. ISSN 1612-1651. Archived from the original on 21 May 2024. Retrieved 7 February 2024.</ref> Naalankaagal kaaƴe jamaanu Neolitik ina tawee e nder falnde Draa fof, ina hollira dille dogdu kam e jawdi ndariindi.<ref>Searight, Susan (2001). The Prehistoric rock art of Morocco (PhD thesis). p. 245. Archived from the original on 7 February 2024. Retrieved 7 February 2024.</ref> Taariindi nokkuuji ɗii laaɓaani, kono ko adii fof ina waawi wonde ko e ujunnaaje 3ɓiire ko adii jibineede Iisaa.<ref>Searight 2001, p. 189.</ref> === Ko adii hitaande 1054 === <ref>The topography of Hanno's journey has recently been discussed by W.F.G. Lacroix in the fourth appendix of his Africa in Antiquity. A linguistic and toponymic analysis of Ptolemy's map of Africa (1998 Saarbrücken)</ref><ref>A legendary history of the Jews in the Draa valley in the early middle ages can be found in: The Chott el-Maghzen, contributions to oral history collected by rabbi Jacob Moïse Toledano of Tibériade in 1910 and in the Manuscrit of Tiilite (Dadès), in the possession of the rabbi of Tiite Abraham Cohen in 1900. For a summary of that legendary history see D. Jacques Meunié « Le Maroc Saharien des origines au XVIe siècle » Librairie Klincksieck, 1982, pp 175–187. [1] see also: Les tribus oubliées d'Israel - L'Afrique Judeo-Berbere, des origines aux Almohades by Didier Nebot</ref>[[Image:Ptolemy11.jpg|thumb|upright=1.35|Ptolemy's map of Africa. The River Draa, Dara fl. is in the center of the map, just south of the mountain range, above the word Garamantes. fl. is an abbreviation for flumen, Latin river.]] E laamu Wattasid Abuu al-Abbas Ahmadu ibn Muhammadu, Askia Ishaq I mo laamu Songhai neldi tuwaareg en e nder falnde Draa ngam yoɓde tooñannge dipolomaasi ɗo Maruk ɗaɓɓiri yoɓde lowre salte Taghaza nde nafoore mum tolnii.[10] === Saadi === [11] [12] === Alaowinaaɓe === [[Image:The river draa.JPG|right|thumb|The Draa river]] [[Image:Darha.jpg|thumb|upright=1.6|Map of Southern Morocco, 1705, by Nicolaas Sanson (Province of Darha/Draa with pink borders in the middle of the map)]]Nayi e ɓiɓɓe Ismaa’il Ibnu Sharif ngoni ko khaliifaaji Draa: * Mulay Muhammadu as-Sharif bin Ismaa’il as-Samin (s/o miñi mum timmuɗo Muhammadu al-Alam). Kaliifa mo Draa hitaande 1703. * Mulay Abdu'l Maalik ɓii Ismaa'il as-Saamiin. b. ca. 1677. Kaliifa mo Draa. O wonnoo ko k. ngam waɗde feere ngam haɓaade baaba makko, hitaande 1696. * Mulay Nasiir ɓi Ismaa'il as-Samin. Kaliifa mo Draa 1702-1703, e mo Tafilalt. Murtuɓe e hitaande 1711-1712. O wonnoo ko k. 1714. * H.M. Sultaan Abuu Marwan Mulay Abdul Maalik Sultaan Maruk ekn b. to Meknes, caggal 1696, ɓiy H.M. Sultan 'Abul Nasir Mulay Ismaa'il as-Samin bin Sharif, Sultan Marok, educ. e nder keeri. Khalifa mo Draa hitaande 1701-1703, e mo Sus hitaande 1717-1718. Bayyinaama Sultan e dow liggorde mawniiko 13 mars 1728. Limtaama to Meknes 18 sulyee 1728. Dogi o fayi Fes, o nanngaa toon 23 desaambar 1728. O k. (waraaɗo) to Meknes, ñalnde 2 marse 1729 (bur. toon to galle Mulay Ismaa’il). [[Image:Casbah vallee du draa.jpg|thumb|left|Kashbah in the Draa valley]] [[File:Pomegranate In Draa River Valley Morocco.jpg|thumb|upright|The Draa river supports light agriculture, including the cultivation of [[pomegranate]]s and [[date (fruit)|dates]].]] ==wolde== Ɗemɗe ɗiɗi ina kaalee e nokku hee : sifaa nokkuyankeewo Arab Colloquial jokkondirɗo e Hassaniya, e Shilha walla Tashelhiyt, ɗemngal Berbeer. == Oaseeji == [[Image:Draâ river.JPG|left|thumb|Draa river in [[Agdz]]]] Falnde maayo Draa toowngo, fotde 200 kiloomeeteer (120 mi) njuuteendi, ina waɗi nokkuuji jeegom (6) oaseeji/palmeeji gila fuɗnaange haa fuɗnaange: * Oasiis Mezguita, e Agdz e Auriz e fuɗnaange mum baraas Tamsikht Oasis Tinzouline, e Oulé Lagraier, Tinzouline, Oulé Yaoub e baraas to bannge worgo mum * Oasiis Ternata e Zagora Oasiis Fezouata e Tamegroute e fuɗnaange mum baraas Azagha * Oasiis Ktaoua (e ɗemngal Engele Ktawa) e Tagounite, Blida, Tiraf e baraas Bounou to fuɗnaange mum * Oasis de Muhamid Guzlan avec Muhamid Guzlan ==Tuugnorgal== jwt0lb5h62dvmnbh22oyb6661u0xosl 0 42451 175913 2026-06-23T09:55:40Z Isa Oumar 9821 Created page with "'''Kelsey Atangamuerimo Harrison''' <ref>Harrison, K. A, Fleming A. F, Briggs N. D, Rossiter C. E. (1985) "Growth during pregnancy in Nigerian teenage primigravidae." In Harrison, K. A. editor. "Childbearing, Health and Social Priorities: a survey of 22774 consecutive hospital births in Zaria, Northern Nigeria". British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. 92. Supplement 5. pages 32–39.</ref>ko porfeseer emeritus to bannge safaara jibinannde e rewɓe, gonnooɗo cukko..." 175913 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kelsey Atangamuerimo Harrison''' <ref>Harrison, K. A, Fleming A. F, Briggs N. D, Rossiter C. E. (1985) "Growth during pregnancy in Nigerian teenage primigravidae." In Harrison, K. A. editor. "Childbearing, Health and Social Priorities: a survey of 22774 consecutive hospital births in Zaria, Northern Nigeria". British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. 92. Supplement 5. pages 32–39.</ref>ko porfeseer emeritus to bannge safaara jibinannde e rewɓe, gonnooɗo cukko hooreejo duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Port Harcourt, ballitooɗo no feewi e wiɗtooji cellal yumma, haa teeŋti noon e sahaa reedu. Ko o wiɗtiyanke to duɗal jaaɓi-haaɗtirde Ibadan, o hollitii batte ŋakkere ƴiiƴam tiiɗnde e yumma oo e ɓiyum, o tabitini kisal safrude ŋakkere ƴiiƴam mawnde e ƴiiƴam packed cell transfusion tawa ina yahdi e diuretik jaawɗo golloraade. O jeyaa kadi ko e fedde yiytunde kulhuli bonɗi ɗi ñawu nguu addanta nguurndam yumma e ɓiɗɗo e nder Afriknaaɓe. To Zaria, njeñtudi golle kippu mo o ardii, wonti ko ɓuri doole e wallitde winndere ndee ngam moƴƴinde cellal yumma e jibinannde e nder leyɗeele ƴellitiiɗe.<ref>Harrison, K.A. (1982) "Anaemia, malaria and sickle cell disease". Clinics in Obstetrics and Gynaecology. 9. 445 – 477.</ref> == Ngendam == Porofesoor Kelsey Atangamuerimo Harrison jibinaa ko to Abonnema, e nder diiwaan Rivers, ñalnde 9 lewru bowte hitaande 1933. O heɓi jaŋde makko leslesre ko e nokku hee to duɗal ciftorgal Bishop Crowther. Caggal nde o waɗi golle makko keewɗe e nder duɗal hakkundeewal to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde laamu Umuahia, o janngi to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Ibadan e to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Hospital London, o heɓi MB BS e teddungal e diisnondiral e Obstetrics e Gynecology e hitaande 1958.<ref>Harrison, K.A. (1982) "Anaemia, malaria and sickle cell disease". Clinics in Obstetrics and Gynaecology. 9. 445 – 477.</ref><ref>Harrison, K.A. (1982) "Anaemia, malaria and sickle cell disease". Clinics in Obstetrics and Gynaecology. 9. 445 – 477.</ref> Hakkunde ganndal makko e safaara jibinannde e rewɓe, o heɓi wiɗtooji makko caggal duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde e jaŋde safaara to leydi Nijeer e leydi Angalteer, teeŋti noon e les njiimaandi John Lawson to Ibadan, W.C.W Nixon to London, e F. E. Hytten e nder dente keewɗe e nder fedde wiɗtooji safaara leydi Angalteer. O wonti tergal e hitaande 1964, o wonti kadi tergal e hitaande 1973, to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Royal College to Londres. Ko adii fof ko tergal sosngal fedde toppitiinde ko fayti e jibinannde e jibinannde leydi Nijeer e hitaande 1965, o woniino jannginoowo jibinannde e jibinannde, ko adii fof to Ibadan e hitaande 1972, caggal ɗuum to Zaria tuggi 1972 haa 1981, caggal ɗuum to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Port Harcourt, ɗo o woni981–91 Cukko hooreejo leydi tuggi 1989 haa 1992, nde wonnoo ko adii ɗuum ko gardiiɗo duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Ahmadu Bello Zaria. O woppi golle e nder duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Naajeeriya e hitaande 1998, o toɗɗaa e lewru Siilo hitaande 1999, o woni professeur emeritus to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Port Harcourt to bannge safaara jibinannde e rewɓe. Ko o baawɗo anndinde ko fayti e ŋakkere ƴiiƴam, ñawu nguu e ñawu nguu e nder reedu.[1] Wiɗtooji makko ko faati e ŋakkere ƴiiƴam to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Ibadan, ngaddani mo ƴellitde feere ngam safrude caɗeele teeŋtuɗe, ŋakkere ƴiiƴam ɓurtunde e nder reedu. Fedde woɗnde nde o jeyaa, hollitii batte hemoglobinopaatiiji keewɗi e rewɓe reeduɓe e sukaaɓe mum en e nder ngonkaaji Afrik, e no ɓuri moƴƴude e haɓaade ñawu nguu ɓurngu bonde e mum en, hono ñawu nguu. To Zaria, wiɗtooji makko ballondiral e paawngal e nder reedu kollitii wonde reende sukaaɓe rewɓe reeduɓe e duuɓi 18 e paawngal e ŋakkere ƴiiƴam ina addana ɗum en nafoore nde anndaaka haa jooni : sukaaɓe rewɓe reenaaɓe ɓee ina ɓeydoo juutde, ina njibina sukaaɓe ɓurɓe mawnude, kono tan keewal ɓeen ɓe ƴellitii fellal de propel e cephalo tiiɗde.[2] Ɗum ina addana en yaakaare wonde e nokkuuji ɗo paawngal ɓuri heewde, ina waawi haɗeede e reende sukaaɓe rewɓe waasɓe ɓee e paawngal, e ɓeydude heen geɗe ñamri e nder reedu. Wiɗto jibinannde Zaria, ngo kippu Harrison ardii, woni golle makko ɓurɗe teeŋtude.<ref>Editorial (1987) "Maternal Health in Sub-Saharan Africa". Lancet. 329. pages 255–257.</ref> Hakkunde 1976 e 1979, Harrison e gollodiiɓe mum mooftii humpitooji ko ina tolnoo e 22 000 jibinannde nde so ƴeewtaama ina uddita caɗeele mbaydiiji aadaaji, e dewgal sukaaɓe e reedu, e ngonka rewɓe leslesre, e waasde jogaade batte e nder reedu yejjiteede haa teeŋti e toɓɓe toowɗe maayɗeele yumma kam e VVF. Njoɓdi ɓurndi tiiɗde ndi ummorii ko e ndeeɗoo golle ko wonde cellal yumma kam e cellal jibinannde ina naftoroo no feewi so rewɓe njanngii, kono wonaa so ɓe njanngaani. Harrison joofniri ko wonde hay so tawii ko ɓuri teeŋtude e nokku hee ko ustude maayɗeele yummiraaɓe, caɗeele goonga ɗe potɗe dañeede ɗee ngonaa ko ɓuri heewde e safaara kono ko e renndo, kadi ko ittude jaŋde toownde e nder jaŋde toownde ko huunde tiiɗnde ngam moƴƴinde cellal yummiraaɓe.[3] Waɗi noon, so en njiɗii ustude maayde yummiraaɓe eɗen poti woppude ƴeewde caɗeele ɗee e nder njuɓɓudi. Golle Harrison, bayyinaaɗe e jaaynde Angalteer ko faati e jibinannde e rewɓe e lewru oktoobar 1985,[4] ndokki heen laaɓndal. Golle ɗee ina njiyee haa jooni ko no yahrude yeeso mawnde e nder toppitagol jibinannde, e nder wallitde maɓɓe ngam moƴƴinde toppitagol jibinannde e jibinannde, juɓɓule keewɗe ƴettii miijo ngoo. Eɓɓaande yumma kisal e hitaande 1987, e kampaañ "Jaŋde wonande kala" e hitaande 1990, kam en fof e juɓɓule Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe, ko yeruuji gadani. Nde ngartu-ɗen to Zaria, golle kippu mo Harrison ardii, tawi ina jeyaa heen annduɓe renndo,<ref>Harrison, K. A, Fleming A. F, Briggs N. D, Rossiter C. E. (1985) "Growth during pregnancy in Nigerian teenage primigravidae." In Harrison, K. A. editor. "Childbearing, Health and Social Priorities: a survey of 22774 consecutive hospital births in Zaria, Northern Nigeria". British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. 92. Supplement 5. pages 32–39.</ref><ref>Harrison, K. A, Fleming A. F, Briggs N. D, Rossiter C. E. (1985) "Growth during pregnancy in Nigerian teenage primigravidae." In Harrison, K. A. editor. "Childbearing, Health and Social Priorities: a survey of 22774 consecutive hospital births in Zaria, Northern Nigeria". British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. 92. Supplement 5. pages 32–39.</ref> keɓii ittude VVF e nder diiwaan Zaria e kitaale 1970,[6] hay so tawii noon ɗum ummiima caggal nde o yalti nokku oo. Gaa gaa Harrison teeŋtuɗo e kilinik, janngingol e research activities, o tawtoraama golle renndoyankooje ceertuɗe e golle winndereyankooje e nder nguurndam makko golle e caggal mum. E kitaale 1970, ko moƴƴitingol taƴe sarwisaaji cellal e nder diiwaan Rivers leydi Najeriya, halkaaɗi e golle konu e nder wolde hakkunde leyɗeele leydi ndii. E nder golle moƴƴitingol caggal wolde hakkunde leyɗeele, o walli ngam tabitinde wonde almudɓe ɓe iwdi mum en fuɗnaange leydi Naajeeriya, ɓe ngartiraa e nokkuuji maɓɓe ɓooyɗi to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Ibadan. E nder duuɓi sappo ɗii kadi, o woniino tergal e fedde wiɗtooji safaara to leydi Nijeer. E kitaale 1980, o tawtoraama pelle karallaagal OMS keewɗe ko faati e ŋakkere ƴiiƴam, maayde yumma e VVF. E kitaale 1990, o waɗii batte e sosde Fooyre Ɓamtaare VVF - fedde nde wonaa laamuyankoore nokkuure - o wonti hooreejo mayre e hitaande 1997–1998. Golle mayre mbaɗii safaara VVF e nder ajendaaji ngenndiiji leydi Najeriya.[7] OMS e pelle winndereeje goɗɗe doole e pelle keewɗe ɗe ngonaa laamuyankooje, gila ndeen ƴettii miijo ngoo, njaajni ɗum e leyɗeele goɗɗe Afrik e won e leyɗeele Asii.<ref>Nigeria Campaign to end fistula www.endfistula.org</ref> Kelsey Harrison yaltinii ko heewi. Ina heen defte nay e ko ina ɓura 100 binndanɗe jaayndeeji safaara. Ɗiɗi ɓurɗi anndeede ɗii ko ciimtol ko faati e wiɗto jibinannde Zaria[9] e nguurndam makko.<ref>Editorial (1987) "Maternal Health in Sub-Saharan Africa". Lancet. 329. pages 255–257.</ref><ref>Nigeria Campaign to end fistula www.endfistula.org</ref> Golle makko cakkitiiɗe, tiitoonde mum ko Uddit ɗeen dame, yalti ko e hitaande 2018.<ref>[http://www.un.org/en/events/endfistuladay/ International Day to End Fistula 23 May]</ref><ref>[http://www.un.org/en/events/endfistuladay/ International Day to End Fistula 23 May]</ref> == Njeenaaje e njeenaari == Kelsey Harrison wonti ganndo to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Ibadan e hitaande 1952 - 1955. O heɓi dipolom Doktoraa to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Londres e hitaande 1969 e tesis makko ko faati e ɓuuɓri ƴiiƴam e nder ŋakkere ƴiiƴam tiiɗnde e nder reedu. E hitaande 1987, o heɓi njeenaari George Macdonald ndi duuɓi tati kala, ndi Fedde laamuyankoore toppitiinde safaara e cellal nokkuuji e Duɗal cellal e cellal nokkuuji Londres ndokki mo. Ko "ngam wiɗtooji keewɗi jowitiiɗi e moƴƴitingol cellal e nder leyɗeele ɓuuɓɗe". E hitaande 1988, o rokkaa seedantaagal doktoraa toowngal – Doktoraa ganndal (Medicine) Londres – sabu golle makko teeŋtuɗe e binndanɗe makko jowitiiɗe e tiitoonde « jibinannde e nder ngonkaaji renndo-faggudu bonɗi tawa ina tuugnii e Afrik ɓaleejo ». 1989.[12]" O wonii Fellow e Akademi ganndal Naajeeriya gila 1988. Duuɓi sappo, 1991 – 2001, o woniino tergal Foundation e nder fedde toppitiinde ko fayti e safaara hakkunde leyɗeele e nder jaaynde safaara The Lancet hitaande 1995 to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde laamɗowal jibinannde e rewɓe to Londres e tiitoonde mum ko "Baasal, ŋakkeende e cellal yumma",[13] e yeewtere siftorde porfeseer Olikoye Ransome 7ɓiire tiitoonde mum ko "Ustugol maayde yumma e nder leydi Najeriya del La2. E nder yeewtere sakkitiinde, o hollitii geɗe maantiniiɗe e nder hare ngam haɓaade maayde yummiraaɓe e VVF e nder leydi Naajeeriya E hitaande 2009, laamu leydi Naajeeriya inniri opitaal mum keso to Port Harcourt, ko ɓuri ɓadaade e nder lewru feebariyee 2014, o rokkaama njeenaari ndii hono Dr Jonathan.[15] Abriil 2022: Duɗal jaaɓi-haaɗtirde laamɗowal to bannge safrooɓe jibinannde e safrooɓe rewɓe London heɓi njeenaari gollal teddungal ngam "golle maantiniiɗe e safrooɓe jibinannde e safrooɓe rewɓe."[citation needed] == Nafooje neɗɗo == ikon Ndee feccere limtaani hay lowre wootere. Tiiɗno, mballu ngam moƴƴinde ndee feccere e ɓeydude ciimtol e lowre koolkisaande. Kaɓirɗe ɗe ngalaa iwdi ina mbaawi luulndaade e ittude. (Desammbar 2025) (Anndu no e hol nde ittata ndee mesaas) Nde o woppi golle e nder duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde leydi Najeriya e hitaande 1998, o ummii o fayi Finlande ɗo o hoɗi e debbo makko, Irma Seppanen, kanko e hoore makko ko o matron mawɗo cellal renndo mo o woppi golle. Ɓiyiiko gorko, ɓiyiiko debbo, e taaniraaɓe ɗiɗo sukaaɓe mawɓe, ina nguuri to leydi Angalteer. Moƴƴi e pijirlooji, dingiral e jimɗi (piano) to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde, Harrison kadi ardii koolol duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde. O meeɗi fijugo kirikit haa Ibadan e London nden ɓaawo man ngam Naajeeriya nder kitaale 1950 e 60 bana batsman udditoowo e wicket keeper. Nafooje makko hannde ko jarde, weltaare e jimɗi, e jaŋde. == Ƴeew kadi == Opitaal Kelsey Harison Koolaaɗo kuuɓal laamu Umuahia == Tuugnorgal == 3lkgyfidsfxwkb1oogty4l5vwig58aw 175915 175913 2026-06-23T09:56:38Z Isa Oumar 9821 175915 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}'''Kelsey Atangamuerimo Harrison''' <ref>Harrison, K. A, Fleming A. F, Briggs N. D, Rossiter C. E. (1985) "Growth during pregnancy in Nigerian teenage primigravidae." In Harrison, K. A. editor. "Childbearing, Health and Social Priorities: a survey of 22774 consecutive hospital births in Zaria, Northern Nigeria". British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. 92. Supplement 5. pages 32–39.</ref>ko porfeseer emeritus to bannge safaara jibinannde e rewɓe, gonnooɗo cukko hooreejo duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Port Harcourt, ballitooɗo no feewi e wiɗtooji cellal yumma, haa teeŋti noon e sahaa reedu. Ko o wiɗtiyanke to duɗal jaaɓi-haaɗtirde Ibadan, o hollitii batte ŋakkere ƴiiƴam tiiɗnde e yumma oo e ɓiyum, o tabitini kisal safrude ŋakkere ƴiiƴam mawnde e ƴiiƴam packed cell transfusion tawa ina yahdi e diuretik jaawɗo golloraade. O jeyaa kadi ko e fedde yiytunde kulhuli bonɗi ɗi ñawu nguu addanta nguurndam yumma e ɓiɗɗo e nder Afriknaaɓe. To Zaria, njeñtudi golle kippu mo o ardii, wonti ko ɓuri doole e wallitde winndere ndee ngam moƴƴinde cellal yumma e jibinannde e nder leyɗeele ƴellitiiɗe.<ref>Harrison, K.A. (1982) "Anaemia, malaria and sickle cell disease". Clinics in Obstetrics and Gynaecology. 9. 445 – 477.</ref> == Ngendam == Porofesoor Kelsey Atangamuerimo Harrison jibinaa ko to Abonnema, e nder diiwaan Rivers, ñalnde 9 lewru bowte hitaande 1933. O heɓi jaŋde makko leslesre ko e nokku hee to duɗal ciftorgal Bishop Crowther. Caggal nde o waɗi golle makko keewɗe e nder duɗal hakkundeewal to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde laamu Umuahia, o janngi to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Ibadan e to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Hospital London, o heɓi MB BS e teddungal e diisnondiral e Obstetrics e Gynecology e hitaande 1958.<ref>Harrison, K.A. (1982) "Anaemia, malaria and sickle cell disease". Clinics in Obstetrics and Gynaecology. 9. 445 – 477.</ref><ref>Harrison, K.A. (1982) "Anaemia, malaria and sickle cell disease". Clinics in Obstetrics and Gynaecology. 9. 445 – 477.</ref> Hakkunde ganndal makko e safaara jibinannde e rewɓe, o heɓi wiɗtooji makko caggal duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde e jaŋde safaara to leydi Nijeer e leydi Angalteer, teeŋti noon e les njiimaandi John Lawson to Ibadan, W.C.W Nixon to London, e F. E. Hytten e nder dente keewɗe e nder fedde wiɗtooji safaara leydi Angalteer. O wonti tergal e hitaande 1964, o wonti kadi tergal e hitaande 1973, to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Royal College to Londres. Ko adii fof ko tergal sosngal fedde toppitiinde ko fayti e jibinannde e jibinannde leydi Nijeer e hitaande 1965, o woniino jannginoowo jibinannde e jibinannde, ko adii fof to Ibadan e hitaande 1972, caggal ɗuum to Zaria tuggi 1972 haa 1981, caggal ɗuum to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Port Harcourt, ɗo o woni981–91 Cukko hooreejo leydi tuggi 1989 haa 1992, nde wonnoo ko adii ɗuum ko gardiiɗo duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Ahmadu Bello Zaria. O woppi golle e nder duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Naajeeriya e hitaande 1998, o toɗɗaa e lewru Siilo hitaande 1999, o woni professeur emeritus to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Port Harcourt to bannge safaara jibinannde e rewɓe. Ko o baawɗo anndinde ko fayti e ŋakkere ƴiiƴam, ñawu nguu e ñawu nguu e nder reedu.[1] Wiɗtooji makko ko faati e ŋakkere ƴiiƴam to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Ibadan, ngaddani mo ƴellitde feere ngam safrude caɗeele teeŋtuɗe, ŋakkere ƴiiƴam ɓurtunde e nder reedu. Fedde woɗnde nde o jeyaa, hollitii batte hemoglobinopaatiiji keewɗi e rewɓe reeduɓe e sukaaɓe mum en e nder ngonkaaji Afrik, e no ɓuri moƴƴude e haɓaade ñawu nguu ɓurngu bonde e mum en, hono ñawu nguu. To Zaria, wiɗtooji makko ballondiral e paawngal e nder reedu kollitii wonde reende sukaaɓe rewɓe reeduɓe e duuɓi 18 e paawngal e ŋakkere ƴiiƴam ina addana ɗum en nafoore nde anndaaka haa jooni : sukaaɓe rewɓe reenaaɓe ɓee ina ɓeydoo juutde, ina njibina sukaaɓe ɓurɓe mawnude, kono tan keewal ɓeen ɓe ƴellitii fellal de propel e cephalo tiiɗde.[2] Ɗum ina addana en yaakaare wonde e nokkuuji ɗo paawngal ɓuri heewde, ina waawi haɗeede e reende sukaaɓe rewɓe waasɓe ɓee e paawngal, e ɓeydude heen geɗe ñamri e nder reedu. Wiɗto jibinannde Zaria, ngo kippu Harrison ardii, woni golle makko ɓurɗe teeŋtude.<ref>Editorial (1987) "Maternal Health in Sub-Saharan Africa". Lancet. 329. pages 255–257.</ref> Hakkunde 1976 e 1979, Harrison e gollodiiɓe mum mooftii humpitooji ko ina tolnoo e 22 000 jibinannde nde so ƴeewtaama ina uddita caɗeele mbaydiiji aadaaji, e dewgal sukaaɓe e reedu, e ngonka rewɓe leslesre, e waasde jogaade batte e nder reedu yejjiteede haa teeŋti e toɓɓe toowɗe maayɗeele yumma kam e VVF. Njoɓdi ɓurndi tiiɗde ndi ummorii ko e ndeeɗoo golle ko wonde cellal yumma kam e cellal jibinannde ina naftoroo no feewi so rewɓe njanngii, kono wonaa so ɓe njanngaani. Harrison joofniri ko wonde hay so tawii ko ɓuri teeŋtude e nokku hee ko ustude maayɗeele yummiraaɓe, caɗeele goonga ɗe potɗe dañeede ɗee ngonaa ko ɓuri heewde e safaara kono ko e renndo, kadi ko ittude jaŋde toownde e nder jaŋde toownde ko huunde tiiɗnde ngam moƴƴinde cellal yummiraaɓe.[3] Waɗi noon, so en njiɗii ustude maayde yummiraaɓe eɗen poti woppude ƴeewde caɗeele ɗee e nder njuɓɓudi. Golle Harrison, bayyinaaɗe e jaaynde Angalteer ko faati e jibinannde e rewɓe e lewru oktoobar 1985,[4] ndokki heen laaɓndal. Golle ɗee ina njiyee haa jooni ko no yahrude yeeso mawnde e nder toppitagol jibinannde, e nder wallitde maɓɓe ngam moƴƴinde toppitagol jibinannde e jibinannde, juɓɓule keewɗe ƴettii miijo ngoo. Eɓɓaande yumma kisal e hitaande 1987, e kampaañ "Jaŋde wonande kala" e hitaande 1990, kam en fof e juɓɓule Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe, ko yeruuji gadani. Nde ngartu-ɗen to Zaria, golle kippu mo Harrison ardii, tawi ina jeyaa heen annduɓe renndo,<ref>Harrison, K. A, Fleming A. F, Briggs N. D, Rossiter C. E. (1985) "Growth during pregnancy in Nigerian teenage primigravidae." In Harrison, K. A. editor. "Childbearing, Health and Social Priorities: a survey of 22774 consecutive hospital births in Zaria, Northern Nigeria". British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. 92. Supplement 5. pages 32–39.</ref><ref>Harrison, K. A, Fleming A. F, Briggs N. D, Rossiter C. E. (1985) "Growth during pregnancy in Nigerian teenage primigravidae." In Harrison, K. A. editor. "Childbearing, Health and Social Priorities: a survey of 22774 consecutive hospital births in Zaria, Northern Nigeria". British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. 92. Supplement 5. pages 32–39.</ref> keɓii ittude VVF e nder diiwaan Zaria e kitaale 1970,[6] hay so tawii noon ɗum ummiima caggal nde o yalti nokku oo. Gaa gaa Harrison teeŋtuɗo e kilinik, janngingol e research activities, o tawtoraama golle renndoyankooje ceertuɗe e golle winndereyankooje e nder nguurndam makko golle e caggal mum. E kitaale 1970, ko moƴƴitingol taƴe sarwisaaji cellal e nder diiwaan Rivers leydi Najeriya, halkaaɗi e golle konu e nder wolde hakkunde leyɗeele leydi ndii. E nder golle moƴƴitingol caggal wolde hakkunde leyɗeele, o walli ngam tabitinde wonde almudɓe ɓe iwdi mum en fuɗnaange leydi Naajeeriya, ɓe ngartiraa e nokkuuji maɓɓe ɓooyɗi to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Ibadan. E nder duuɓi sappo ɗii kadi, o woniino tergal e fedde wiɗtooji safaara to leydi Nijeer. E kitaale 1980, o tawtoraama pelle karallaagal OMS keewɗe ko faati e ŋakkere ƴiiƴam, maayde yumma e VVF. E kitaale 1990, o waɗii batte e sosde Fooyre Ɓamtaare VVF - fedde nde wonaa laamuyankoore nokkuure - o wonti hooreejo mayre e hitaande 1997–1998. Golle mayre mbaɗii safaara VVF e nder ajendaaji ngenndiiji leydi Najeriya.[7] OMS e pelle winndereeje goɗɗe doole e pelle keewɗe ɗe ngonaa laamuyankooje, gila ndeen ƴettii miijo ngoo, njaajni ɗum e leyɗeele goɗɗe Afrik e won e leyɗeele Asii.<ref>Nigeria Campaign to end fistula www.endfistula.org</ref> Kelsey Harrison yaltinii ko heewi. Ina heen defte nay e ko ina ɓura 100 binndanɗe jaayndeeji safaara. Ɗiɗi ɓurɗi anndeede ɗii ko ciimtol ko faati e wiɗto jibinannde Zaria[9] e nguurndam makko.<ref>Editorial (1987) "Maternal Health in Sub-Saharan Africa". Lancet. 329. pages 255–257.</ref><ref>Nigeria Campaign to end fistula www.endfistula.org</ref> Golle makko cakkitiiɗe, tiitoonde mum ko Uddit ɗeen dame, yalti ko e hitaande 2018.<ref>[http://www.un.org/en/events/endfistuladay/ International Day to End Fistula 23 May]</ref><ref>[http://www.un.org/en/events/endfistuladay/ International Day to End Fistula 23 May]</ref> == Njeenaaje e njeenaari == Kelsey Harrison wonti ganndo to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Ibadan e hitaande 1952 - 1955. O heɓi dipolom Doktoraa to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Londres e hitaande 1969 e tesis makko ko faati e ɓuuɓri ƴiiƴam e nder ŋakkere ƴiiƴam tiiɗnde e nder reedu. E hitaande 1987, o heɓi njeenaari George Macdonald ndi duuɓi tati kala, ndi Fedde laamuyankoore toppitiinde safaara e cellal nokkuuji e Duɗal cellal e cellal nokkuuji Londres ndokki mo. Ko "ngam wiɗtooji keewɗi jowitiiɗi e moƴƴitingol cellal e nder leyɗeele ɓuuɓɗe". E hitaande 1988, o rokkaa seedantaagal doktoraa toowngal – Doktoraa ganndal (Medicine) Londres – sabu golle makko teeŋtuɗe e binndanɗe makko jowitiiɗe e tiitoonde « jibinannde e nder ngonkaaji renndo-faggudu bonɗi tawa ina tuugnii e Afrik ɓaleejo ». 1989.[12]" O wonii Fellow e Akademi ganndal Naajeeriya gila 1988. Duuɓi sappo, 1991 – 2001, o woniino tergal Foundation e nder fedde toppitiinde ko fayti e safaara hakkunde leyɗeele e nder jaaynde safaara The Lancet hitaande 1995 to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde laamɗowal jibinannde e rewɓe to Londres e tiitoonde mum ko "Baasal, ŋakkeende e cellal yumma",[13] e yeewtere siftorde porfeseer Olikoye Ransome 7ɓiire tiitoonde mum ko "Ustugol maayde yumma e nder leydi Najeriya del La2. E nder yeewtere sakkitiinde, o hollitii geɗe maantiniiɗe e nder hare ngam haɓaade maayde yummiraaɓe e VVF e nder leydi Naajeeriya E hitaande 2009, laamu leydi Naajeeriya inniri opitaal mum keso to Port Harcourt, ko ɓuri ɓadaade e nder lewru feebariyee 2014, o rokkaama njeenaari ndii hono Dr Jonathan.[15] Abriil 2022: Duɗal jaaɓi-haaɗtirde laamɗowal to bannge safrooɓe jibinannde e safrooɓe rewɓe London heɓi njeenaari gollal teddungal ngam "golle maantiniiɗe e safrooɓe jibinannde e safrooɓe rewɓe."[citation needed] == Nafooje neɗɗo == ikon Ndee feccere limtaani hay lowre wootere. Tiiɗno, mballu ngam moƴƴinde ndee feccere e ɓeydude ciimtol e lowre koolkisaande. Kaɓirɗe ɗe ngalaa iwdi ina mbaawi luulndaade e ittude. (Desammbar 2025) (Anndu no e hol nde ittata ndee mesaas) Nde o woppi golle e nder duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde leydi Najeriya e hitaande 1998, o ummii o fayi Finlande ɗo o hoɗi e debbo makko, Irma Seppanen, kanko e hoore makko ko o matron mawɗo cellal renndo mo o woppi golle. Ɓiyiiko gorko, ɓiyiiko debbo, e taaniraaɓe ɗiɗo sukaaɓe mawɓe, ina nguuri to leydi Angalteer. Moƴƴi e pijirlooji, dingiral e jimɗi (piano) to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde, Harrison kadi ardii koolol duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde. O meeɗi fijugo kirikit haa Ibadan e London nden ɓaawo man ngam Naajeeriya nder kitaale 1950 e 60 bana batsman udditoowo e wicket keeper. Nafooje makko hannde ko jarde, weltaare e jimɗi, e jaŋde. == Ƴeew kadi == Opitaal Kelsey Harison Koolaaɗo kuuɓal laamu Umuahia == Tuugnorgal == 67kl4eynko41juwgqh79z91q1stdpcb 0 42452 175924 2026-06-23T10:05:28Z Sardeeq 14292 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1359943534|Chukwuemeka Nwajiuba]]" 175924 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Chukwuemeka Nwajiuba''' // c (jibinaa ko 20 ut 1967) ko politikyanke e awokaa Nijeer . Ko kanko wonnoo jaagorgal jaŋde [[Naajeeriya|leydi Najeriya]] . gila 2019 e o woppi laamu ñalnde 28 abriil 2022, caggal nde o heɓi ɓataake APC hollirde yiɗde e suɓaade ngam yiɗde wonde hooreejo leydi Naajeeriya e suɓngooji 2023 ɗi Project Nigeria Group rokki. O woniino ko adii ɗuum hooreejo fedde toppitiinde ko fayti e TETFund. == Nguurndam e jaŋde puɗɗagol == Nwajiuba jibinaa ko ñalnde 20 lewru bowte hitaande 1967 to wuro Umuezeala Nsu to diiwaan Ehime Mbano to diiwaan Imo to bannge worgo-fuɗnaange leydi Najeriya . O timmini jaŋde makko leslesre (LLB) to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Imo State . Ndeen o naatii [[Jaangirɗe Laagos|duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Lagos]], o timmini jaŋde makko toownde (LLM) caggal ɗuum o heɓi Doktoraa makko (PhD) e sariya to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Jos . O noddiraa ko e ñaawirdu leydi Nijeer e hitaande 1989. == Kugal == Nwajiuba fuɗɗii golle mum ko e hitaande 1991. O haɓaama ngam suɓaade guwerneer Imo e dow laylaytol lannda All People’s Party e hitaande 2003, 2007 e 2011. [1] [2] O suɓaama tergal suudu sarɗiiji e hitaande 1999 – 2003 ɗo o woni hooreejo goomu suudu sarɗiiji ko faati e Leydi e Koɗki. [3] [4] [5] O woniino tergal sosngal Kongres Dentuɗo Progressive e Sekereteer goomu ƴettugol doosɗe leydi peewnoowo Doosgal jibinngal Kongres Denndaangal Progressive e hitaande 2013. [6] [7] [8] Ko kanko woni hooreejo Fonds de l’Education Tertiaire Trust1 haa 2071. Nwajiuba suɓaama kadi nder suudu sarɗiiji lesdi Okigwe woylaare nder hitaande 2019 les lanyol Accord. O suɓaama e darnde jaagorde, o wonti jaagorgal jaŋde e nder leydi Najeriya e hitaande 2019. == Tuugnorgal == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Yimɓe wuurɓe]] 8ucvv6k57ljq73ohf7qik9uv9msxhi3 175926 175924 2026-06-23T10:06:03Z Sardeeq 14292 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1359943534|Chukwuemeka Nwajiuba]]" 175926 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Chukwuemeka Nwajiuba''' // c (jibinaa ko 20 ut 1967) ko politikyanke e awokaa Nijeer . Ko kanko wonnoo jaagorgal jaŋde [[Naajeeriya|leydi Najeriya]] . gila 2019 e o woppi laamu ñalnde 28 abriil 2022, caggal nde o heɓi ɓataake APC hollirde yiɗde e suɓaade ngam yiɗde wonde hooreejo leydi Naajeeriya e suɓngooji 2023 ɗi Project Nigeria Group rokki. O woniino ko adii ɗuum hooreejo fedde toppitiinde ko fayti e TETFund. <ref>"Nwajiuba absolves Buhari of blame on South-East's loss of N'Assembly leadership positions". The Guardian. Lagos, Nigeria. Retrieved 31 August 2019.</ref> == Nguurndam e jaŋde puɗɗagol == Nwajiuba jibinaa ko ñalnde 20 lewru bowte hitaande 1967 to wuro Umuezeala Nsu to diiwaan Ehime Mbano to diiwaan Imo to bannge worgo-fuɗnaange leydi Najeriya . O timmini jaŋde makko leslesre (LLB) to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Imo State . Ndeen o naatii [[Jaangirɗe Laagos|duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Lagos]], o timmini jaŋde makko toownde (LLM) caggal ɗuum o heɓi Doktoraa makko (PhD) e sariya to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Jos . O noddiraa ko e ñaawirdu leydi Nijeer e hitaande 1989. == Kugal == Nwajiuba fuɗɗii golle mum ko e hitaande 1991. O haɓaama ngam suɓaade guwerneer Imo e dow laylaytol lannda All People’s Party e hitaande 2003, 2007 e 2011. [1] [2] O suɓaama tergal suudu sarɗiiji e hitaande 1999 – 2003 ɗo o woni hooreejo goomu suudu sarɗiiji ko faati e Leydi e Koɗki. [3] [4] [5] O woniino tergal sosngal Kongres Dentuɗo Progressive e Sekereteer goomu ƴettugol doosɗe leydi peewnoowo Doosgal jibinngal Kongres Denndaangal Progressive e hitaande 2013. [6] [7] [8] Ko kanko woni hooreejo Fonds de l’Education Tertiaire Trust1 haa 2071. Nwajiuba suɓaama kadi nder suudu sarɗiiji lesdi Okigwe woylaare nder hitaande 2019 les lanyol Accord. O suɓaama e darnde jaagorde, o wonti jaagorgal jaŋde e nder leydi Najeriya e hitaande 2019. == Tuugnorgal == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Yimɓe wuurɓe]] qe6g0ahsg2ikod2to2cd0ng7ci7t9uw 175927 175926 2026-06-23T10:06:40Z Sardeeq 14292 175927 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Chukwuemeka Nwajiuba''' // c (jibinaa ko 20 ut 1967) ko politikyanke e awokaa Nijeer . Ko kanko wonnoo jaagorgal jaŋde [[Naajeeriya|leydi Najeriya]] . gila 2019 e o woppi laamu ñalnde 28 abriil 2022, caggal nde o heɓi ɓataake APC hollirde yiɗde e suɓaade ngam yiɗde wonde hooreejo leydi Naajeeriya e suɓngooji 2023 ɗi Project Nigeria Group rokki. O woniino ko adii ɗuum hooreejo fedde toppitiinde ko fayti e TETFund. <ref>"Nwajiuba absolves Buhari of blame on South-East's loss of N'Assembly leadership positions". The Guardian. Lagos, Nigeria. Retrieved 31 August 2019.</ref> == Nguurndam e jaŋde puɗɗagol == Nwajiuba jibinaa ko ñalnde 20 lewru bowte hitaande 1967 to wuro Umuezeala Nsu to diiwaan Ehime Mbano to diiwaan Imo to bannge worgo-fuɗnaange leydi Najeriya . O timmini jaŋde makko leslesre (LLB) to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Imo State . Ndeen o naatii [[Jaangirɗe Laagos|duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Lagos]], o timmini jaŋde makko toownde (LLM) caggal ɗuum o heɓi Doktoraa makko (PhD) e sariya to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Jos . O noddiraa ko e ñaawirdu leydi Nijeer e hitaande 1989. == Kugal == Nwajiuba fuɗɗii golle mum ko e hitaande 1991. O haɓaama ngam suɓaade guwerneer Imo e dow laylaytol lannda All People’s Party e hitaande 2003, 2007 e 2011. [1] [2] O suɓaama tergal suudu sarɗiiji e hitaande 1999 – 2003 ɗo o woni hooreejo goomu suudu sarɗiiji ko faati e Leydi e Koɗki. [3] [4] [5] O woniino tergal sosngal Kongres Dentuɗo Progressive e Sekereteer goomu ƴettugol doosɗe leydi peewnoowo Doosgal jibinngal Kongres Denndaangal Progressive e hitaande 2013. [6] [7] [8] Ko kanko woni hooreejo Fonds de l’Education Tertiaire Trust1 haa 2071. Nwajiuba suɓaama kadi nder suudu sarɗiiji lesdi Okigwe woylaare nder hitaande 2019 les lanyol Accord. O suɓaama e darnde jaagorde, o wonti jaagorgal jaŋde e nder leydi Najeriya e hitaande 2019. == Tuugnorgal == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Yimɓe wuurɓe]] a3hgb1h0vt9wwu7bivcvmn0x7bogc4v 0 42453 175929 2026-06-23T10:08:02Z Isa Oumar 9821 Created page with "'''Joy Uche''' Angela Ogwu ListenR (22 lewru bowte 1946 – 13 lewru ut 2025) ko politikyanke e dipolomaat leydi Najeriya, o woniino jaagorde caggal leydi, o woniino wakiliijo duumotooɗo leydi Najeriya to Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe (2008–2017).<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.nigeriaunmission.org/|title=Home|work=Permanent Mission of Nigeria to the United Nations, New York|access-date=22 December 2017|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.un.org/press/e..." 175929 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Joy Uche''' Angela Ogwu ListenR (22 lewru bowte 1946 – 13 lewru ut 2025) ko politikyanke e dipolomaat leydi Najeriya, o woniino jaagorde caggal leydi, o woniino wakiliijo duumotooɗo leydi Najeriya to Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe (2008–2017).<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.nigeriaunmission.org/|title=Home|work=Permanent Mission of Nigeria to the United Nations, New York|access-date=22 December 2017|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.un.org/press/en/2017/bio4963.doc.htm|title=New Permanent Representative of Nigeria Presents Credentials|access-date=20 March 2018|language=en-US|work=UN}}</ref> Ogwu woni debbo gadano jogaade darnde wakiliijo duumotooɗo e nder Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe ummoraade Naajeeriya.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Joy Ogwu:Ambassador Series Lecture|url=https://events.adelphi.edu/au_event/joy-ogwu/|website=Adelphi University|language=en-US|access-date=25 May 2020}}</ref> Ko adii nde o naatata e golle jaagorɗe, o woniino gardiiɗo mawɗo to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde leydi Najeriya (NIIA).<ref name="blueprint.ng">{{Cite news|title=Joy Ogwu, Bolaji Akinyemi: Where are they now?|url=https://www.blueprint.ng/joy-ogwu-bolaji-akinyemi-where-are-they-now/|location=Abuja, Nigeria|date=27 April 2019|language=en-US|access-date=25 May 2020|newspaper=[[Blueprint (newspaper)|Blueprint]]}}</ref> O wasiyiima Duɗal Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe ngam wiɗtooji ko faati e ŋakkeende kaɓirɗe, o yaltini defte ngam ɓeydude jokkondiral Afrik e Amerik Latin .<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Joy Ogwu: Quintessential Diplomat|url=https://thepointernewsonline.com/?p=31947|date=19 July 2014|website=The Pointer News Online|language=en-US|access-date=25 May 2020}}</ref>O woniino hooreejo fedde toppitiinde ko fayti e wiɗtooji e nder Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe (UNIDIR).<ref name=":02">{{Cite web|title=Joy Ogwu: Quintessential Diplomat|url=https://thepointernewsonline.com/?p=31947|date=19 July 2014|website=The Pointer News Online|language=en-US|access-date=25 May 2020}}</ref> Ogwu toɗɗaama jaagorde caggal leydi e juuɗe hooreejo leydi Najeriya ñalnde 30 lewru bowte hitaande 2006.<ref name=":03">{{Cite web|title=Joy Ogwu: Quintessential Diplomat|url=https://thepointernewsonline.com/?p=31947|date=19 July 2014|website=The Pointer News Online|language=en-US|access-date=25 May 2020}}</ref> E hitaande 2008, Ogwu wonti wakiliijo duumotooɗo leydi Najeriya to ONU to wuro New York.<ref>{{Cite web|title=NEW PERMANENT REPRESENTATIVE OF NIGERIA PRESENTS CREDENTIALS|url=https://www.un.org/press/en/2008/bio3982.doc.htm|website=UN|access-date=25 May 2020}}</ref> Ko kanko woni hooreejo Goomu Kisal Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe e lewru Siilo 2010 e lewru Oktoobar 2011.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Security Council Releases|url=https://www.un.org/press/en/taxonomy/term/829/all?page=180|website=UN|access-date=25 May 2020}}</ref> Ko kanko wonnoo hooreejo yiilirde toppitiinde ko fayti e potal rewɓe e worɓe e semmbinde rewɓe.<ref name="nationallightngr.com">{{Cite web|title=Joy Ogwu: Enviable envoy with enriching scholarship|url=https://www.nationallightngr.com/2019/04/25/joy-ogwu-enviable-envoy-with-enriching-scholarship/|date=25 April 2019|website=National Light|language=en-US|access-date=25 May 2020}}</ref> O heɓi BA e MA makko e ganndal siyaas to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Rutgers.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=Directory of Full Professors in the Nigerian University System .|url=https://nuc.edu.ng/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/Directory-of-Full-Professors-in-the-Nigerian-University-System.pdf|website=global.adelphi.edu|language=en-US|access-date=25 May 2020}}</ref> O heɓi caggal ɗuum doktoraa makko Ph.D. ummoraade e duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Lagos to leydi Najeriya.<ref name=":12">{{Cite web|title=Directory of Full Professors in the Nigerian University System .|url=https://nuc.edu.ng/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/Directory-of-Full-Professors-in-the-Nigerian-University-System.pdf|website=global.adelphi.edu|language=en-US|access-date=25 May 2020}}</ref> Nde o heɓata doktoraa makko Ph.D. e hitaande 1977, o naati e duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Lagos.<ref name="nationallightngr.com2">{{Cite web|title=Joy Ogwu: Enviable envoy with enriching scholarship|url=https://www.nationallightngr.com/2019/04/25/joy-ogwu-enviable-envoy-with-enriching-scholarship/|date=25 April 2019|website=National Light|language=en-US|access-date=25 May 2020}}</ref> Ogwu fuɗɗii golle mum ko balloowo jannginoowo, to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde konu leydi Najeriya.<ref name="nationallightngr.com3">{{Cite web|title=Joy Ogwu: Enviable envoy with enriching scholarship|url=https://www.nationallightngr.com/2019/04/25/joy-ogwu-enviable-envoy-with-enriching-scholarship/|date=25 April 2019|website=National Light|language=en-US|access-date=25 May 2020}}</ref> e duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde politik e peeje (NIPSS).<ref name="blueprint.ng2">{{Cite news|title=Joy Ogwu, Bolaji Akinyemi: Where are they now?|url=https://www.blueprint.ng/joy-ogwu-bolaji-akinyemi-where-are-they-now/|location=Abuja, Nigeria|date=27 April 2019|language=en-US|access-date=25 May 2020|newspaper=[[Blueprint (newspaper)|Blueprint]]}}</ref> Caggal ɗuum o naati e NIIA ngam wonde jannginoowo, o heɓi fedde wiɗto nde o winndi deftere makko adannde, Politik caggal leydi Nijeer: Futuro goɗɗo (Macmillan, 1986).<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Ogwu|first=U. Joy|date=1986|title=Nigerian foreign policy: alternative futures|url=https://www.africabib.org/rec.php?RID=055291465|journal=National library of Australia|language=en}}</ref><ref><nowiki>https://catalogue.nla.gov.au/catalog/1744380</nowiki></ref> O ardii haa jooni departemaa wiɗtooji e nder politik hakkunde leyɗeele, ɗum addani mo wonde debbo gadano gardiiɗo jenera.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Amos|first=Kobor|date=2025-10-25|title=Reminiscing Prof Joy Ogwu’s life of impact, mentoring|url=https://guardian.ng/saturday-magazine/reminiscing-prof-joy-ogwus-life-of-impact-mentoring/|access-date=2026-06-14|website=The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News|language=en-GB}}</ref>lOgwu ɓeydi heen hakkille mum ko e leyɗeele ƴellitooje Amerik Latin, ko ɗum addani wiɗtooji jowitiiɗi e mbaawkaaji jokkondiral moƴƴal hakkunde Fuɗnaange-rewo e Amerik Latin.<ref name="ant">{{Cite web|last=Anthony|date=2025-11-07|title=Farewell to Nigeria’s pioneering female scholar-diplomat, Joy Ogwu|url=https://guardian.ng/opinion/farewell-to-nigerias-pioneering-female-scholar-diplomat-joy-ogwu/|access-date=2026-06-14|website=The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News|language=en-GB}}</ref> O waɗii fedde njillu to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde London to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Amerik Latin, o yaltinii defte keewɗe e ɗemɗe Purtugeec, Españool, Farayse e Korowasi .<ref>{{Cite web|last=Ige|first=Olugbenga|date=2025-10-18|title=Prof Joy Ogwu: A life of service, scholarship and grace|url=https://punchng.com/prof-joy-ogwu-a-life-of-service-scholarship-and-grace/|access-date=2026-06-14|website=Punch Newspapers|language=en-US}}</ref>O golliima e goomu wasiyaaji Sekreteruuji Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe ngam haɓaade kaɓirɗe.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Omoboye|first=Faith|date=2025-10-14|title=Joy Ogwu, Nigeria’s first female UN ambassador, global peace advocate, dies at 79|url=https://businessday.ng/life-arts/article/joy-ogwu-nigerias-first-female-un-ambassador-global-peace-advocate-dies-at-79/|access-date=2026-06-14|website=Businessday NG|language=en-US}}</ref> O wonti daande ngam ɓamtaare rewɓe e hakkeeji aadee.<ref>{{Cite news|date=29 July 2022|title=Joy Ogwu, Laraba Gambo Abdullahi: Where are they now?|url=https://blueprint.ng/joy-ogwu-laraba-gambo-abdullahi-where-are-they-now/|location=Abuja, Nigeria|access-date=21 September 2023|newspaper=[[Blueprint (newspaper)|Blueprint]]|language=en-US}}</ref> Yiyngo makko ina yaaji e Asii Pasifik, Amerik Latin e Afrik worgo Saharaa.<ref name="ant2">{{Cite web|last=Anthony|date=2025-11-07|title=Farewell to Nigeria’s pioneering female scholar-diplomat, Joy Ogwu|url=https://guardian.ng/opinion/farewell-to-nigerias-pioneering-female-scholar-diplomat-joy-ogwu/|access-date=2026-06-14|website=The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News|language=en-GB}}</ref> Ogwu maayi ko e opitaal to New York, ñalnde 13 oktoobar 2025, tawi omo yahra e duuɓi 79 == Defte bayyinaaɗe == Politik lesdi Naajeeriya: Futuro feere, ko Duɗal Naajeeriya ngam haalaaji lesdi Naajeeriya yaltini e ballondiral e Macmillan Naajeeriya Publishers, 1986 Afrik e Amerik Latin: Yiyngooji e Caɗeele[citation needed]. Horizons kesi ngam Naajeeriya nder kuuje duuniyaaru, 200 Ardungal, Demokaraasi, e Caɗeele Ɓamtaare, 2017 Tuugnorgal t0s1e0qyo6oq6r6mjmkvihdyc2ldjb7 175933 175929 2026-06-23T10:09:14Z Isa Oumar 9821 175933 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Joy Uche''' Angela Ogwu ListenR (22 lewru bowte 1946 – 13 lewru ut 2025) ko politikyanke e dipolomaat leydi Najeriya, o woniino jaagorde caggal leydi, o woniino wakiliijo duumotooɗo leydi Najeriya to Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe (2008–2017).<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.nigeriaunmission.org/|title=Home|work=Permanent Mission of Nigeria to the United Nations, New York|access-date=22 December 2017|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.un.org/press/en/2017/bio4963.doc.htm|title=New Permanent Representative of Nigeria Presents Credentials|access-date=20 March 2018|language=en-US|work=UN}}</ref> Ogwu woni debbo gadano jogaade darnde wakiliijo duumotooɗo e nder Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe ummoraade Naajeeriya.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Joy Ogwu:Ambassador Series Lecture|url=https://events.adelphi.edu/au_event/joy-ogwu/|website=Adelphi University|language=en-US|access-date=25 May 2020}}</ref> Ko adii nde o naatata e golle jaagorɗe, o woniino gardiiɗo mawɗo to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde leydi Najeriya (NIIA).<ref name="blueprint.ng">{{Cite news|title=Joy Ogwu, Bolaji Akinyemi: Where are they now?|url=https://www.blueprint.ng/joy-ogwu-bolaji-akinyemi-where-are-they-now/|location=Abuja, Nigeria|date=27 April 2019|language=en-US|access-date=25 May 2020|newspaper=[[Blueprint (newspaper)|Blueprint]]}}</ref> O wasiyiima Duɗal Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe ngam wiɗtooji ko faati e ŋakkeende kaɓirɗe, o yaltini defte ngam ɓeydude jokkondiral Afrik e Amerik Latin .<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Joy Ogwu: Quintessential Diplomat|url=https://thepointernewsonline.com/?p=31947|date=19 July 2014|website=The Pointer News Online|language=en-US|access-date=25 May 2020}}</ref>O woniino hooreejo fedde toppitiinde ko fayti e wiɗtooji e nder Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe (UNIDIR).<ref name=":02">{{Cite web|title=Joy Ogwu: Quintessential Diplomat|url=https://thepointernewsonline.com/?p=31947|date=19 July 2014|website=The Pointer News Online|language=en-US|access-date=25 May 2020}}</ref> Ogwu toɗɗaama jaagorde caggal leydi e juuɗe hooreejo leydi Najeriya ñalnde 30 lewru bowte hitaande 2006.<ref name=":03">{{Cite web|title=Joy Ogwu: Quintessential Diplomat|url=https://thepointernewsonline.com/?p=31947|date=19 July 2014|website=The Pointer News Online|language=en-US|access-date=25 May 2020}}</ref> E hitaande 2008, Ogwu wonti wakiliijo duumotooɗo leydi Najeriya to ONU to wuro New York.<ref>{{Cite web|title=NEW PERMANENT REPRESENTATIVE OF NIGERIA PRESENTS CREDENTIALS|url=https://www.un.org/press/en/2008/bio3982.doc.htm|website=UN|access-date=25 May 2020}}</ref> Ko kanko woni hooreejo Goomu Kisal Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe e lewru Siilo 2010 e lewru Oktoobar 2011.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Security Council Releases|url=https://www.un.org/press/en/taxonomy/term/829/all?page=180|website=UN|access-date=25 May 2020}}</ref> Ko kanko wonnoo hooreejo yiilirde toppitiinde ko fayti e potal rewɓe e worɓe e semmbinde rewɓe.<ref name="nationallightngr.com">{{Cite web|title=Joy Ogwu: Enviable envoy with enriching scholarship|url=https://www.nationallightngr.com/2019/04/25/joy-ogwu-enviable-envoy-with-enriching-scholarship/|date=25 April 2019|website=National Light|language=en-US|access-date=25 May 2020}}</ref> O heɓi BA e MA makko e ganndal siyaas to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Rutgers.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=Directory of Full Professors in the Nigerian University System .|url=https://nuc.edu.ng/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/Directory-of-Full-Professors-in-the-Nigerian-University-System.pdf|website=global.adelphi.edu|language=en-US|access-date=25 May 2020}}</ref> O heɓi caggal ɗuum doktoraa makko Ph.D. ummoraade e duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Lagos to leydi Najeriya.<ref name=":12">{{Cite web|title=Directory of Full Professors in the Nigerian University System .|url=https://nuc.edu.ng/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/Directory-of-Full-Professors-in-the-Nigerian-University-System.pdf|website=global.adelphi.edu|language=en-US|access-date=25 May 2020}}</ref> Nde o heɓata doktoraa makko Ph.D. e hitaande 1977, o naati e duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Lagos.<ref name="nationallightngr.com2">{{Cite web|title=Joy Ogwu: Enviable envoy with enriching scholarship|url=https://www.nationallightngr.com/2019/04/25/joy-ogwu-enviable-envoy-with-enriching-scholarship/|date=25 April 2019|website=National Light|language=en-US|access-date=25 May 2020}}</ref> Ogwu fuɗɗii golle mum ko balloowo jannginoowo, to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde konu leydi Najeriya.<ref name="nationallightngr.com3">{{Cite web|title=Joy Ogwu: Enviable envoy with enriching scholarship|url=https://www.nationallightngr.com/2019/04/25/joy-ogwu-enviable-envoy-with-enriching-scholarship/|date=25 April 2019|website=National Light|language=en-US|access-date=25 May 2020}}</ref> e duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde politik e peeje (NIPSS).<ref name="blueprint.ng2">{{Cite news|title=Joy Ogwu, Bolaji Akinyemi: Where are they now?|url=https://www.blueprint.ng/joy-ogwu-bolaji-akinyemi-where-are-they-now/|location=Abuja, Nigeria|date=27 April 2019|language=en-US|access-date=25 May 2020|newspaper=[[Blueprint (newspaper)|Blueprint]]}}</ref> Caggal ɗuum o naati e NIIA ngam wonde jannginoowo, o heɓi fedde wiɗto nde o winndi deftere makko adannde, Politik caggal leydi Nijeer: Futuro goɗɗo (Macmillan, 1986).<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Ogwu|first=U. Joy|date=1986|title=Nigerian foreign policy: alternative futures|url=https://www.africabib.org/rec.php?RID=055291465|journal=National library of Australia|language=en}}</ref><ref><nowiki>https://catalogue.nla.gov.au/catalog/1744380</nowiki></ref> O ardii haa jooni departemaa wiɗtooji e nder politik hakkunde leyɗeele, ɗum addani mo wonde debbo gadano gardiiɗo jenera.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Amos|first=Kobor|date=2025-10-25|title=Reminiscing Prof Joy Ogwu’s life of impact, mentoring|url=https://guardian.ng/saturday-magazine/reminiscing-prof-joy-ogwus-life-of-impact-mentoring/|access-date=2026-06-14|website=The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News|language=en-GB}}</ref>lOgwu ɓeydi heen hakkille mum ko e leyɗeele ƴellitooje Amerik Latin, ko ɗum addani wiɗtooji jowitiiɗi e mbaawkaaji jokkondiral moƴƴal hakkunde Fuɗnaange-rewo e Amerik Latin.<ref name="ant">{{Cite web|last=Anthony|date=2025-11-07|title=Farewell to Nigeria’s pioneering female scholar-diplomat, Joy Ogwu|url=https://guardian.ng/opinion/farewell-to-nigerias-pioneering-female-scholar-diplomat-joy-ogwu/|access-date=2026-06-14|website=The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News|language=en-GB}}</ref> O waɗii fedde njillu to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde London to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Amerik Latin, o yaltinii defte keewɗe e ɗemɗe Purtugeec, Españool, Farayse e Korowasi .<ref>{{Cite web|last=Ige|first=Olugbenga|date=2025-10-18|title=Prof Joy Ogwu: A life of service, scholarship and grace|url=https://punchng.com/prof-joy-ogwu-a-life-of-service-scholarship-and-grace/|access-date=2026-06-14|website=Punch Newspapers|language=en-US}}</ref>O golliima e goomu wasiyaaji Sekreteruuji Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe ngam haɓaade kaɓirɗe.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Omoboye|first=Faith|date=2025-10-14|title=Joy Ogwu, Nigeria’s first female UN ambassador, global peace advocate, dies at 79|url=https://businessday.ng/life-arts/article/joy-ogwu-nigerias-first-female-un-ambassador-global-peace-advocate-dies-at-79/|access-date=2026-06-14|website=Businessday NG|language=en-US}}</ref> O wonti daande ngam ɓamtaare rewɓe e hakkeeji aadee.<ref>{{Cite news|date=29 July 2022|title=Joy Ogwu, Laraba Gambo Abdullahi: Where are they now?|url=https://blueprint.ng/joy-ogwu-laraba-gambo-abdullahi-where-are-they-now/|location=Abuja, Nigeria|access-date=21 September 2023|newspaper=[[Blueprint (newspaper)|Blueprint]]|language=en-US}}</ref> Yiyngo makko ina yaaji e Asii Pasifik, Amerik Latin e Afrik worgo Saharaa.<ref name="ant2">{{Cite web|last=Anthony|date=2025-11-07|title=Farewell to Nigeria’s pioneering female scholar-diplomat, Joy Ogwu|url=https://guardian.ng/opinion/farewell-to-nigerias-pioneering-female-scholar-diplomat-joy-ogwu/|access-date=2026-06-14|website=The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News|language=en-GB}}</ref> Ogwu maayi ko e opitaal to New York, ñalnde 13 oktoobar 2025, tawi omo yahra e duuɓi 79 == Defte bayyinaaɗe == Politik lesdi Naajeeriya: Futuro feere, ko Duɗal Naajeeriya ngam haalaaji lesdi Naajeeriya yaltini e ballondiral e Macmillan Naajeeriya Publishers, 1986 Afrik e Amerik Latin: Yiyngooji e Caɗeele[citation needed]. Horizons kesi ngam Naajeeriya nder kuuje duuniyaaru, 200 Ardungal, Demokaraasi, e Caɗeele Ɓamtaare, 2017 {{Databox}}Tuugnorgal j351dblxs94tmtvgasv312b1pihqr7a 0 42454 175940 2026-06-23T10:13:34Z Ilya Discuss 10103 #1Lib1Ref 175940 wikitext text/x-wiki Orisadipe Obasa,ListenR (janvier 1863 – 15 abriil 1940) ko doktoor e laamɗo leydi Najeriya, jogiiɗo darnde mawnde e politik Lagos e nder duuɓi capanɗe gadani teeminannde 20ɓiire. Duuɓi gadani Orisadipe Obasa jibinaa ko e lewru Yarkomaa 1863 to wuro wiyeteengo Freetown, to leydi Siyeraa Leyoon, e nder galle laamorɗo Saro. Mawniiko to bannge baaba ko Oba Elekole mo Ikole, Ekiti, yumma makko ko jeyaaɗo e galle laamɗo Abeokuta mo Akija mo Ikija. Nde o woni suka, Obasa ummiima Lagos. E hitaande 1878, o naatnaa e duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Wesleyan Boys (hannde ko duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Methodist Boys, Lagos) udditaangal kesal, ɗo o ɓuri waawde jaŋde. O wonii hooreejo gadano fedde sukaaɓe ɓooyɓe e duɗal makko toowngal. E hitaande 1883, jibnaaɓe makko neldi mo Angalteer ngam janngude safaara. O huutoriima innde George Stone Smith nde o woni Angalteer nde. O naati to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde King’s College, to Taunton, ɗo o woni kadi almuudo hoodere, o yahi to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde safaara to opitaal St Thomas to Londres. O heɓi seedantaagal makko e hitaande 1891, o woni tergal e duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde safrooɓe e Licentiate duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde safrooɓe. Kugal ikon Ndee feccere limtaani hay lowre wootere. Tiiɗno, mballu ngam moƴƴinde ndee feccere e ɓeydude ciimtol e lowre koolkisaande. Kaɓirɗe ɗe ngalaa iwdi ina mbaawi luulndaade e ittude. Yiytu iwdiiji: "Orisadipe Obasa" – kabaruuji · jaayɗe · defte · ganndo · JSTOR (Abriil 2021) (Anngu no e ndeer nde ittata ndee mesaas) E hitaande 1892, Obasa arti Lagos, o fuɗɗii golle safaara keeriiɗo. E nder wolde Angalteer-Ashanti, haa joofnirde teeminannde 19ɓiire, o golliima e njillu konstabulaar Lagos to koloni Gold Coast. O hokkaama medal ngam kuugal maako, nden nder hitaande 1900, o toɗɗaama balloowo cirridiiɗo koloñaal nder kuugal nyawndiigu Lagos. O waɗii darnde mawnde e nder kampaañiji cellal yimɓe e nder leydi Lagos e nder leydi Najeriya. Nguurndam neɗɗo e politik E hitaande 1902, Obasa resi Charlotte Olajumoke, [a] ɓiy njulaagu alɗuɗo biyeteeɗo Richard Beale Blaize, o rokkaa galle belɗo ngam wonde dokkal dewgal. E hitaande 1903, o yilliima Ekiti e nder porogaraam guwerneer William MacGregor ngam faddaade ñawu nguu. O waɗii ƴeewndorɗe safaara nafooje e geɗe bayɗe no yawtugol, mboros hookworm e hernias inguinal. E hitaande 1904, Obasa woppi golle mum e nder seppooji koloñaal ngam waawde jogaade waktuuji ɓurɗi heewde e galle. O fuɗɗii golle makko keertiiɗe, o naati kadi e politik. Omo anndi haalde e winndude, omo weltii e woɗɓe, omo jogii jokkondiral moƴƴal e galleeji. E hitaande 1908, Obasa e Dr. John K. Randle cosi Dental Yimɓe ngam haɓaade limngal ndiyam, ngal woni fedde siyaasaaku arandeere nder leydi Naajeeriya. Obasa woniino binndoowo Dental ngal, Randle woniino hooreejo leydi ndii. E hitaande 1911, Randle e Obasa ina nanndi e yahde Londres ngam waɗde ñaawoore dow eɓɓaande guwerneer Frederick Lugard ngam bayyinde wonde leyɗeele ɗee kala ko jeyi laamu. Dental ngal jokki e haɓaade tolnooji ndiyam kesi ɗii haa nde heɓi njeenaari ndii e hitaande 1916. Dental ngal e ardiiɓe mum njippiima e wootooɓe caggal ɗuum. Kono Obasa suɓaama e hitaande 1921 e nder Diiso sarɗiiji leydi Najeriya, ɗo o gollotoo e goomuuji keewɗi. E wakkati nde lannda lesdi Naajeeriya sosaa nder hitaande 1922, nde Herbert Macaulay sosi, ardiiɓe Dental Yimɓe woni Randle, Obasa, Sir Kitoye Ajasa, Richard Akinwande Savage e Sir Adeyemo Alakija. Debbo Obasa ardii Dental Rewɓe. Senngooji ɗii fof ina njiɗi feere fotnde waɗeede e peewnugol. Ɓe mbaawaano haɓtaade NNDP. E lewru suwee 1923, woote gadane mbaɗaama ngam suɓaade Diiso sarɗiiji. Obasa dogi kono o foolaama. Randle maayi ko e hitaande 1928, Obasa ƴetti ardorde ko heddii e Dental Yimɓe. E sahaa sosde Fedde Ogboni Reformed, ko kanko woni Oluwo (walla joom mum) gadano. Debbo makko, Charlotte, ko e oon sahaa gooto waɗtaa Iya Abiye (walla laamɗo mawɗo) e fedde wootere. Kamɓe ɗiɗo fof ɓe ardii banndiraagal jibinannde haa ɓe maayi. Obasa heɓi rafi Parkinson e hitaande 1926. Nde rafi oo ɓeydii, o ɓeydii waasde waawde. O sankii, omo yahra e duuɓi 77, e lewru abriil 1940, to galle makko to Lagos. Tuugnorgal n3yictbg6y98s7w8aseajc8sk5z9ukk 175949 175940 2026-06-23T10:16:48Z Ilya Discuss 10103 #1Lib1Ref 175949 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Orisadipe Obasa,ListenR (janvier 1863 – 15 abriil 1940) ko doktoor e laamɗo leydi Najeriya, jogiiɗo darnde mawnde e politik Lagos e nder duuɓi capanɗe gadani teeminannde 20ɓiire. Duuɓi gadani Orisadipe Obasa jibinaa ko e lewru Yarkomaa 1863 to wuro wiyeteengo Freetown, to leydi Siyeraa Leyoon, e nder galle laamorɗo Saro. Mawniiko to bannge baaba ko Oba Elekole mo Ikole, Ekiti, yumma makko ko jeyaaɗo e galle laamɗo Abeokuta mo Akija mo Ikija. Nde o woni suka, Obasa ummiima Lagos. E hitaande 1878, o naatnaa e duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Wesleyan Boys (hannde ko duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Methodist Boys, Lagos) udditaangal kesal, ɗo o ɓuri waawde jaŋde. O wonii hooreejo gadano fedde sukaaɓe ɓooyɓe e duɗal makko toowngal. E hitaande 1883, jibnaaɓe makko neldi mo Angalteer ngam janngude safaara. O huutoriima innde George Stone Smith nde o woni Angalteer nde. O naati to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde King’s College, to Taunton, ɗo o woni kadi almuudo hoodere, o yahi to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde safaara to opitaal St Thomas to Londres. O heɓi seedantaagal makko e hitaande 1891, o woni tergal e duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde safrooɓe e Licentiate duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde safrooɓe. Kugal ikon Ndee feccere limtaani hay lowre wootere. Tiiɗno, mballu ngam moƴƴinde ndee feccere e ɓeydude ciimtol e lowre koolkisaande. Kaɓirɗe ɗe ngalaa iwdi ina mbaawi luulndaade e ittude. Yiytu iwdiiji: "Orisadipe Obasa" – kabaruuji · jaayɗe · defte · ganndo · JSTOR (Abriil 2021) (Anngu no e ndeer nde ittata ndee mesaas) E hitaande 1892, Obasa arti Lagos, o fuɗɗii golle safaara keeriiɗo. E nder wolde Angalteer-Ashanti, haa joofnirde teeminannde 19ɓiire, o golliima e njillu konstabulaar Lagos to koloni Gold Coast. O hokkaama medal ngam kuugal maako, nden nder hitaande 1900, o toɗɗaama balloowo cirridiiɗo koloñaal nder kuugal nyawndiigu Lagos. O waɗii darnde mawnde e nder kampaañiji cellal yimɓe e nder leydi Lagos e nder leydi Najeriya. Nguurndam neɗɗo e politik E hitaande 1902, Obasa resi Charlotte Olajumoke, [a] ɓiy njulaagu alɗuɗo biyeteeɗo Richard Beale Blaize, o rokkaa galle belɗo ngam wonde dokkal dewgal. E hitaande 1903, o yilliima Ekiti e nder porogaraam guwerneer William MacGregor ngam faddaade ñawu nguu. O waɗii ƴeewndorɗe safaara nafooje e geɗe bayɗe no yawtugol, mboros hookworm e hernias inguinal. E hitaande 1904, Obasa woppi golle mum e nder seppooji koloñaal ngam waawde jogaade waktuuji ɓurɗi heewde e galle. O fuɗɗii golle makko keertiiɗe, o naati kadi e politik. Omo anndi haalde e winndude, omo weltii e woɗɓe, omo jogii jokkondiral moƴƴal e galleeji. E hitaande 1908, Obasa e Dr. John K. Randle cosi Dental Yimɓe ngam haɓaade limngal ndiyam, ngal woni fedde siyaasaaku arandeere nder leydi Naajeeriya. Obasa woniino binndoowo Dental ngal, Randle woniino hooreejo leydi ndii. E hitaande 1911, Randle e Obasa ina nanndi e yahde Londres ngam waɗde ñaawoore dow eɓɓaande guwerneer Frederick Lugard ngam bayyinde wonde leyɗeele ɗee kala ko jeyi laamu. Dental ngal jokki e haɓaade tolnooji ndiyam kesi ɗii haa nde heɓi njeenaari ndii e hitaande 1916. Dental ngal e ardiiɓe mum njippiima e wootooɓe caggal ɗuum. Kono Obasa suɓaama e hitaande 1921 e nder Diiso sarɗiiji leydi Najeriya, ɗo o gollotoo e goomuuji keewɗi. E wakkati nde lannda lesdi Naajeeriya sosaa nder hitaande 1922, nde Herbert Macaulay sosi, ardiiɓe Dental Yimɓe woni Randle, Obasa, Sir Kitoye Ajasa, Richard Akinwande Savage e Sir Adeyemo Alakija. Debbo Obasa ardii Dental Rewɓe. Senngooji ɗii fof ina njiɗi feere fotnde waɗeede e peewnugol. Ɓe mbaawaano haɓtaade NNDP. E lewru suwee 1923, woote gadane mbaɗaama ngam suɓaade Diiso sarɗiiji. Obasa dogi kono o foolaama. Randle maayi ko e hitaande 1928, Obasa ƴetti ardorde ko heddii e Dental Yimɓe. E sahaa sosde Fedde Ogboni Reformed, ko kanko woni Oluwo (walla joom mum) gadano. Debbo makko, Charlotte, ko e oon sahaa gooto waɗtaa Iya Abiye (walla laamɗo mawɗo) e fedde wootere. Kamɓe ɗiɗo fof ɓe ardii banndiraagal jibinannde haa ɓe maayi. Obasa heɓi rafi Parkinson e hitaande 1926. Nde rafi oo ɓeydii, o ɓeydii waasde waawde. O sankii, omo yahra e duuɓi 77, e lewru abriil 1940, to galle makko to Lagos. Tuugnorgal ixs8cssig5j6lrinjxm18mxa6jy2kar 175956 175949 2026-06-23T10:19:58Z Ilya Discuss 10103 #1Lib1Ref 175956 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Orisadipe Obasa,ListenR''' (janvier 1863 – 15 abriil 1940) ko doktoor e laamɗo leydi Najeriya, jogiiɗo darnde mawnde e politik Lagos e nder duuɓi capanɗe gadani teeminannde 20ɓiire. == Duuɓi gadani == Orisadipe Obasa jibinaa ko e lewru Yarkomaa 1863 to wuro wiyeteengo Freetown, to leydi Siyeraa Leyoon, e nder galle laamorɗo Saro. Mawniiko to bannge baaba ko Oba Elekole mo Ikole, Ekiti, yumma makko ko jeyaaɗo e galle laamɗo Abeokuta mo Akija mo Ikija. Nde o woni suka, Obasa ummiima Lagos. E hitaande 1878, o naatnaa e duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Wesleyan Boys (hannde ko duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Methodist Boys, Lagos) udditaangal kesal, ɗo o ɓuri waawde jaŋde. O wonii hooreejo gadano fedde sukaaɓe ɓooyɓe e duɗal makko toowngal. E hitaande 1883, jibnaaɓe makko neldi mo Angalteer ngam janngude safaara. O huutoriima innde George Stone Smith nde o woni Angalteer nde. O naati to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde King’s College, to Taunton, ɗo o woni kadi almuudo hoodere, o yahi to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde safaara to opitaal St Thomas to Londres. O heɓi seedantaagal makko e hitaande 1891, o woni tergal e duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde safrooɓe e Licentiate duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde safrooɓe. == Kugal == == ikon == Ndee feccere limtaani hay lowre wootere. Tiiɗno, mballu ngam moƴƴinde ndee feccere e ɓeydude ciimtol e lowre koolkisaande. Kaɓirɗe ɗe ngalaa iwdi ina mbaawi luulndaade e ittude. Yiytu iwdiiji: "Orisadipe Obasa" – kabaruuji · jaayɗe · defte · ganndo · JSTOR (Abriil 2021) (Anngu no e ndeer nde ittata ndee mesaas) E hitaande 1892, Obasa arti Lagos, o fuɗɗii golle safaara keeriiɗo. E nder wolde Angalteer-Ashanti, haa joofnirde teeminannde 19ɓiire, o golliima e njillu konstabulaar Lagos to koloni Gold Coast. O hokkaama medal ngam kuugal maako, nden nder hitaande 1900, o toɗɗaama balloowo cirridiiɗo koloñaal nder kuugal nyawndiigu Lagos. O waɗii darnde mawnde e nder kampaañiji cellal yimɓe e nder leydi Lagos e nder leydi Najeriya. == Nguurndam neɗɗo e politik == E hitaande 1902, Obasa resi Charlotte Olajumoke, [a] ɓiy njulaagu alɗuɗo biyeteeɗo Richard Beale Blaize, o rokkaa galle belɗo ngam wonde dokkal dewgal. E hitaande 1903, o yilliima Ekiti e nder porogaraam guwerneer William MacGregor ngam faddaade ñawu nguu. O waɗii ƴeewndorɗe safaara nafooje e geɗe bayɗe no yawtugol, mboros hookworm e hernias inguinal. E hitaande 1904, Obasa woppi golle mum e nder seppooji koloñaal ngam waawde jogaade waktuuji ɓurɗi heewde e galle. O fuɗɗii golle makko keertiiɗe, o naati kadi e politik. Omo anndi haalde e winndude, omo weltii e woɗɓe, omo jogii jokkondiral moƴƴal e galleeji. E hitaande 1908, Obasa e Dr. John K. Randle cosi Dental Yimɓe ngam haɓaade limngal ndiyam, ngal woni fedde siyaasaaku arandeere nder leydi Naajeeriya. Obasa woniino binndoowo Dental ngal, Randle woniino hooreejo leydi ndii. E hitaande 1911, Randle e Obasa ina nanndi e yahde Londres ngam waɗde ñaawoore dow eɓɓaande guwerneer Frederick Lugard ngam bayyinde wonde leyɗeele ɗee kala ko jeyi laamu. Dental ngal jokki e haɓaade tolnooji ndiyam kesi ɗii haa nde heɓi njeenaari ndii e hitaande 1916. Dental ngal e ardiiɓe mum njippiima e wootooɓe caggal ɗuum. Kono Obasa suɓaama e hitaande 1921 e nder Diiso sarɗiiji leydi Najeriya, ɗo o gollotoo e goomuuji keewɗi. E wakkati nde lannda lesdi Naajeeriya sosaa nder hitaande 1922, nde Herbert Macaulay sosi, ardiiɓe Dental Yimɓe woni Randle, Obasa, Sir Kitoye Ajasa, Richard Akinwande Savage e Sir Adeyemo Alakija. Debbo Obasa ardii Dental Rewɓe. Senngooji ɗii fof ina njiɗi feere fotnde waɗeede e peewnugol. Ɓe mbaawaano haɓtaade NNDP. E lewru suwee 1923, woote gadane mbaɗaama ngam suɓaade Diiso sarɗiiji. Obasa dogi kono o foolaama. Randle maayi ko e hitaande 1928, Obasa ƴetti ardorde ko heddii e Dental Yimɓe. E sahaa sosde Fedde Ogboni Reformed, ko kanko woni Oluwo (walla joom mum) gadano. Debbo makko, Charlotte, ko e oon sahaa gooto waɗtaa Iya Abiye (walla laamɗo mawɗo) e fedde wootere. Kamɓe ɗiɗo fof ɓe ardii banndiraagal jibinannde haa ɓe maayi. Obasa heɓi rafi Parkinson e hitaande 1926. Nde rafi oo ɓeydii, o ɓeydii waasde waawde. O sankii, omo yahra e duuɓi 77, e lewru abriil 1940, to galle makko to Lagos. == Tuugnorgal == 4l366sfyefbi36rimlw82sm9er9fqz6 0 42455 175948 2026-06-23T10:16:12Z Sardeeq 14292 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1359942409|Abdul Ahmed Ningi]]" 175948 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Abdul Ahmed Ningi''' (jibinaa ko April 20 1960) ko cukko hooreejo mawɓe e nder suudu sarɗiiji leydi Nijeer . Tergal lannda Demokaraasi Yimɓe (PDP), o woniino senateer lomtotooɗo diiwaan senateeruuji hakkundeeji Bauchi tuggi 2011 haa 2015. Zone senateeruuji hakkundeeji Bauchi ina waɗi nokkuuji laamu nokkuuji [[Danbam]], [[Darazo]], Ganjuwa, [[Misaw|Ningi]], Misau [[Warji|,]] . Abdul Ningi laati hooreejo suudu joonde diidaaɗi lesdi Naajeeriya diga hitaande 2003 haa 2007 nden o laati tergal nder suudu joonde diidaaɗi lesdi Naajeeriya diga hitaande 1999 haa 2011. Ko o ardiiɗo suudu joonde diidaaɗi lesdi Naajeeriya, Abdul Ningi laati ardiiɗo suudu joonde diidaaɗi lesdi Naajeeriya . == Duuɓi gadani == Abdul Ningi jibinaa ko wuro Ningi e nder diiwaan [[Bauchi (Gelle)|Bauchi]] . O mawni ko e ngonka ɓuuɓka, omo foti golloraade kilooji sappo ñalnde kala ngam dañde ndiyam ngam ɓesngu nguu. O fuɗɗii golle e ngesa baaba makko ko e duuɓi 5, ngesa mo o jokki haa hannde. O wuuri ko e Ningi nguurndam makko fof. O janngi duɗal leslesal Ningi Fuɗnaange (1969 haa 1973) e duɗal hakkundeewal laamu, Misau. O heɓi bak makko to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde laamu, Misau e hitaande 1978, o winnditii to [[Bauchi College of Art and Sciences|duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Bauchi to bannge naalankaagal e gannde]] ngam janngude duuɓi 2 hade makko heɓde dipolomaaji. O heɓi B.Sc makko. e nder Sosiyoloji to [[Janngirde Ahmadu Bello|duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Ahmadu Bello]] e hitaande 1983, o woni gadano e nder galle makko yahde duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde. Caggal nde o heɓi bak makko seeɗa e hitaande 1983, o jokki e golle makko to Kano. E hitaande 1984, o jaɓi golle e nder laamu diiwaan [[Bauchi (Gelle)|Bauchi]], o woni ofisee toppitiiɗo wellitaare renndo. Caggal mum o artiraa e golle Sekreteruuji ñaawirdu renndo Bauchi, e hitaande 1986 o woni hooreejo hunnde e Banke First mo Naajeeriya ngam wonde gardiiɗo banki. O naati e ordinateeruuji Hi-Tech e hitaande 1992, o woni mawɗo njuɓɓudi laamu, e hitaande 1995 o wonti hooreejo e mawɗo gollordu NAJ Resources Ltd., Bauchi. == Fuɗɗoode golle politik == E hitaande 1996, Abdul Ningi ƴami suɓol lesdi Bauchi les njiimaandi lanyol Kongres Naajeeriya (UNCP) heɓi nasaraaku ammaa laamu ngu [[Abacha]] ardii, usti suɓol ngol. [[File:Abdul_Ningi.jpg|left|thumb|Sen. Abdul Ningi e batu mawngu Senaa e hitaande 2013]] == Suudu sarɗiiji == E gartugol laamu siwil e hitaande 1999, Abdul Ningi haɓaama e les njiimaandi lannda Demokaraasi Yimɓe, o heɓi heen ƴaañorgal ngam lomtaade diiwaan Fedde Ningi. O fiiltaa laabi 2 e hitaande 2003 e hitaande 2007. === 1999 haa 2003 === E nder manndaa makko gadano e nder suudu sarɗiiji leydi Najeriya, Abdul Ningi wonnoo ko hooreejo Goomu suudu sarɗiiji ko faati e miniraaji tiiɗɗi (2002 haa 2003); hooreejo, goomu leslesu suudu nduu ngam jaŋde jannginooɓe (1999 haa 2002); e hooreejo, goomu leslesu suudu nduu ko faati e NAFDAC (1999 - 2003). Hakkunde 1999 e 2002, o woniino hooreejo [[Fedde Fedde Fuuta Fuuta Nigeria|fedde fuku koyɗe leydi Najeriya]] e laamu makko, leydi Najeriya heɓiino tawtoreede kawgel fuku winndere ɗiɗaɓere FIFA . === 2003 haa 2007 === Abdul Ningi suɓaama kadi e hitaande 2003. Tuggi 2003 haa 2007, o woniino hooreejo ɓurɓe heewde e suudu sarɗiiji . O jeyaa ko e gollooɓe teeŋtuɓe walluɓe e jogaade suudu nduu e nder [[Olusegun Obasanjo|Ajendaaji manndaa tataɓo]] e hitaande 2006. O ardii goomu leslesu suudu nduu ko fayti e [[Fedde Fedde Fuuta Fuuta Nigeria|fedde fuku koyɗe leydi Nijeer]] (2003 haa 2007) o wonti tergal e fedde hakkunde leyɗeele Parlemaa, Commonwealth Association ParlementA . === 2007 haa 2011 === Fiilngo maako 2007 ɗon mari haaje ƴamɗe ngam Salisu Zakari mo lannda leƴƴi lesdi Naajeeriya fuu (ANPP) fuɗɗi anndinaama o heɓi nasaraaku, ammaa nder hitaande 2008, suudu kiita appeal artiri Abdul Ningi ngam o heɓa nasaraaku haa wooteeji lewru abriil 2007. O woniino hooreejo goomu Ad-hoc ko faati e kiris delta Nijeer, ko heen nafoore makko walliti e ƴellitde porogaraam Amnesty mo safrini militeeruuji delta Nijeer . O woniino kadi hooreejo goomu suudu sarɗiiji ngam geɗe polis, o woniino kadi tergal goomu suudu sarɗiiji ngam ƴeewde kiris Jos e goomu ƴeewndo doosɗe leydi. == Cukko hooreejo mawɓe == [[File:Abdul_Ningi_and_David_Mark.jpeg|left|thumb|Abdul Ningi e Hooreejo Senaa, [[Daawuuda Mark|David Mark]] e hitaande 2012]] E hitaande 2011, Abdul Ningi fooli senateer Mohammed A. Muhammed mo lannda leƴƴi leydi Naajeeriya (ANPP) gonɗo les njiimaandi ngam ŋakkeende wakilaagu moƴƴu e nder diiwaan makko. Abdul Ningi fooli Mohammed A. Muhammed e wooteeji senaateeruuji ñalnde 9 abriil . Nde lannda Demokaraasi Leƴƴi jokki ko ɓuri heewde e Senaa e jooɗorde 64 e nder 108 jooɗorde, Abdul Ningi suɓaama e dow nanondiral e wondiiɓe mum ngam wonde cukko hooreejo ɓurɓe heewde. == Eɓɓooje diiwaanuuji == [[File:Ningi_built_borehole.jpg|right|thumb|Abdul Ningi hokki ɓundu ngam ummaatoore Gidan Waya nder wuro [[Darazo]], [[Bauchi (Gelle)|Bauchi]] nder hitaande 2012]] Nde Bauchi woni renndo ndema ɓurngo heewde haajuuji ƴellitaare, Abdul Ningi waɗii peeje ƴellitaare "Masterplan of Service" jowitiiɗe e sosde golle, ballal ndema e ƴellitaare renndo. === Taggol golle === O fuɗɗiima sensitisation mawɗo wonande janngooɓe ɓe ngalaa golle to Bauchi ngam naftoraade «Scheme de stage des gradués». E nder lebbi ɗiɗi, o waawii wallitde e heɓde binnditagol e binnditagol ko ina tolnoo e 1 000 almuudo e nder nokkuuji 20 laamu nokkuuji Bauchi. E ballondiral e SURE-P, ko ina tolnoo e 3 000 sukaaɓe Bauchi ina ngondi e golle renndoyankooje rewɓe e sukaaɓe (CSWYE). Haa e lewru Oktoobar 2014, omo gollodii e FERMA ngam wallitde golle ko ina tolnoo e 1 000 sukaaɓe Bauchi e nder porogaraam ‘Golle laamu ngam sukaaɓe’. == Tuugnorgal == [[Category:Yimɓe wuurɓe]] [[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]] d98u9jp2wuoiftmsao0v30fbb9yh9vm 175950 175948 2026-06-23T10:17:02Z Sardeeq 14292 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1359942409|Abdul Ahmed Ningi]]" 175950 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Abdul Ahmed Ningi''' (jibinaa ko April 20 1960) ko cukko hooreejo mawɓe e nder suudu sarɗiiji leydi Nijeer . Tergal lannda Demokaraasi Yimɓe (PDP), o woniino senateer lomtotooɗo diiwaan senateeruuji hakkundeeji Bauchi tuggi 2011 haa 2015. Zone senateeruuji hakkundeeji Bauchi ina waɗi nokkuuji laamu nokkuuji [[Danbam]], [[Darazo]], Ganjuwa, [[Misaw|Ningi]], Misau [[Warji|,]].<ref>"2011 Elected Nigerian Senators". Nigeria Elections. 18 April 2011. Archived from the original on 13 April 2011. Retrieved 22 October 2014.</ref> Abdul Ningi laati hooreejo suudu joonde diidaaɗi lesdi Naajeeriya diga hitaande 2003 haa 2007 nden o laati tergal nder suudu joonde diidaaɗi lesdi Naajeeriya diga hitaande 1999 haa 2011. Ko o ardiiɗo suudu joonde diidaaɗi lesdi Naajeeriya, Abdul Ningi laati ardiiɗo suudu joonde diidaaɗi lesdi Naajeeriya . == Duuɓi gadani == Abdul Ningi jibinaa ko wuro Ningi e nder diiwaan [[Bauchi (Gelle)|Bauchi]] . O mawni ko e ngonka ɓuuɓka, omo foti golloraade kilooji sappo ñalnde kala ngam dañde ndiyam ngam ɓesngu nguu. O fuɗɗii golle e ngesa baaba makko ko e duuɓi 5, ngesa mo o jokki haa hannde. O wuuri ko e Ningi nguurndam makko fof. O janngi duɗal leslesal Ningi Fuɗnaange (1969 haa 1973) e duɗal hakkundeewal laamu, Misau. O heɓi bak makko to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde laamu, Misau e hitaande 1978, o winnditii to [[Bauchi College of Art and Sciences|duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Bauchi to bannge naalankaagal e gannde]] ngam janngude duuɓi 2 hade makko heɓde dipolomaaji. O heɓi B.Sc makko. e nder Sosiyoloji to [[Janngirde Ahmadu Bello|duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Ahmadu Bello]] e hitaande 1983, o woni gadano e nder galle makko yahde duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde. Caggal nde o heɓi bak makko seeɗa e hitaande 1983, o jokki e golle makko to Kano. E hitaande 1984, o jaɓi golle e nder laamu diiwaan [[Bauchi (Gelle)|Bauchi]], o woni ofisee toppitiiɗo wellitaare renndo. Caggal mum o artiraa e golle Sekreteruuji ñaawirdu renndo Bauchi, e hitaande 1986 o woni hooreejo hunnde e Banke First mo Naajeeriya ngam wonde gardiiɗo banki. O naati e ordinateeruuji Hi-Tech e hitaande 1992, o woni mawɗo njuɓɓudi laamu, e hitaande 1995 o wonti hooreejo e mawɗo gollordu NAJ Resources Ltd., Bauchi. == Fuɗɗoode golle politik == E hitaande 1996, Abdul Ningi ƴami suɓol lesdi Bauchi les njiimaandi lanyol Kongres Naajeeriya (UNCP) heɓi nasaraaku ammaa laamu ngu [[Abacha]] ardii, usti suɓol ngol. [[File:Abdul_Ningi.jpg|left|thumb|Sen. Abdul Ningi e batu mawngu Senaa e hitaande 2013]] == Suudu sarɗiiji == E gartugol laamu siwil e hitaande 1999, Abdul Ningi haɓaama e les njiimaandi lannda Demokaraasi Yimɓe, o heɓi heen ƴaañorgal ngam lomtaade diiwaan Fedde Ningi. O fiiltaa laabi 2 e hitaande 2003 e hitaande 2007. === 1999 haa 2003 === E nder manndaa makko gadano e nder suudu sarɗiiji leydi Najeriya, Abdul Ningi wonnoo ko hooreejo Goomu suudu sarɗiiji ko faati e miniraaji tiiɗɗi (2002 haa 2003); hooreejo, goomu leslesu suudu nduu ngam jaŋde jannginooɓe (1999 haa 2002); e hooreejo, goomu leslesu suudu nduu ko faati e NAFDAC (1999 - 2003). Hakkunde 1999 e 2002, o woniino hooreejo [[Fedde Fedde Fuuta Fuuta Nigeria|fedde fuku koyɗe leydi Najeriya]] e laamu makko, leydi Najeriya heɓiino tawtoreede kawgel fuku winndere ɗiɗaɓere FIFA . === 2003 haa 2007 === Abdul Ningi suɓaama kadi e hitaande 2003. Tuggi 2003 haa 2007, o woniino hooreejo ɓurɓe heewde e suudu sarɗiiji . O jeyaa ko e gollooɓe teeŋtuɓe walluɓe e jogaade suudu nduu e nder [[Olusegun Obasanjo|Ajendaaji manndaa tataɓo]] e hitaande 2006. O ardii goomu leslesu suudu nduu ko fayti e [[Fedde Fedde Fuuta Fuuta Nigeria|fedde fuku koyɗe leydi Nijeer]] (2003 haa 2007) o wonti tergal e fedde hakkunde leyɗeele Parlemaa, Commonwealth Association ParlementA . === 2007 haa 2011 === Fiilngo maako 2007 ɗon mari haaje ƴamɗe ngam Salisu Zakari mo lannda leƴƴi lesdi Naajeeriya fuu (ANPP) fuɗɗi anndinaama o heɓi nasaraaku, ammaa nder hitaande 2008, suudu kiita appeal artiri Abdul Ningi ngam o heɓa nasaraaku haa wooteeji lewru abriil 2007. O woniino hooreejo goomu Ad-hoc ko faati e kiris delta Nijeer, ko heen nafoore makko walliti e ƴellitde porogaraam Amnesty mo safrini militeeruuji delta Nijeer . O woniino kadi hooreejo goomu suudu sarɗiiji ngam geɗe polis, o woniino kadi tergal goomu suudu sarɗiiji ngam ƴeewde kiris Jos e goomu ƴeewndo doosɗe leydi. == Cukko hooreejo mawɓe == [[File:Abdul_Ningi_and_David_Mark.jpeg|left|thumb|Abdul Ningi e Hooreejo Senaa, [[Daawuuda Mark|David Mark]] e hitaande 2012]] E hitaande 2011, Abdul Ningi fooli senateer Mohammed A. Muhammed mo lannda leƴƴi leydi Naajeeriya (ANPP) gonɗo les njiimaandi ngam ŋakkeende wakilaagu moƴƴu e nder diiwaan makko. Abdul Ningi fooli Mohammed A. Muhammed e wooteeji senaateeruuji ñalnde 9 abriil . Nde lannda Demokaraasi Leƴƴi jokki ko ɓuri heewde e Senaa e jooɗorde 64 e nder 108 jooɗorde, Abdul Ningi suɓaama e dow nanondiral e wondiiɓe mum ngam wonde cukko hooreejo ɓurɓe heewde. == Eɓɓooje diiwaanuuji == [[File:Ningi_built_borehole.jpg|right|thumb|Abdul Ningi hokki ɓundu ngam ummaatoore Gidan Waya nder wuro [[Darazo]], [[Bauchi (Gelle)|Bauchi]] nder hitaande 2012]] Nde Bauchi woni renndo ndema ɓurngo heewde haajuuji ƴellitaare, Abdul Ningi waɗii peeje ƴellitaare "Masterplan of Service" jowitiiɗe e sosde golle, ballal ndema e ƴellitaare renndo. === Taggol golle === O fuɗɗiima sensitisation mawɗo wonande janngooɓe ɓe ngalaa golle to Bauchi ngam naftoraade «Scheme de stage des gradués». E nder lebbi ɗiɗi, o waawii wallitde e heɓde binnditagol e binnditagol ko ina tolnoo e 1 000 almuudo e nder nokkuuji 20 laamu nokkuuji Bauchi. E ballondiral e SURE-P, ko ina tolnoo e 3 000 sukaaɓe Bauchi ina ngondi e golle renndoyankooje rewɓe e sukaaɓe (CSWYE). Haa e lewru Oktoobar 2014, omo gollodii e FERMA ngam wallitde golle ko ina tolnoo e 1 000 sukaaɓe Bauchi e nder porogaraam ‘Golle laamu ngam sukaaɓe’. == Tuugnorgal == [[Category:Yimɓe wuurɓe]] [[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]] giy2ed54rgq076z80otvvt9pylt14ie 175952 175950 2026-06-23T10:17:26Z Sardeeq 14292 175952 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Abdul Ahmed Ningi''' (jibinaa ko April 20 1960) ko cukko hooreejo mawɓe e nder suudu sarɗiiji leydi Nijeer . Tergal lannda Demokaraasi Yimɓe (PDP), o woniino senateer lomtotooɗo diiwaan senateeruuji hakkundeeji Bauchi tuggi 2011 haa 2015. Zone senateeruuji hakkundeeji Bauchi ina waɗi nokkuuji laamu nokkuuji [[Danbam]], [[Darazo]], Ganjuwa, [[Misaw|Ningi]], Misau [[Warji|,]].<ref>"2011 Elected Nigerian Senators". Nigeria Elections. 18 April 2011. Archived from the original on 13 April 2011. Retrieved 22 October 2014.</ref> Abdul Ningi laati hooreejo suudu joonde diidaaɗi lesdi Naajeeriya diga hitaande 2003 haa 2007 nden o laati tergal nder suudu joonde diidaaɗi lesdi Naajeeriya diga hitaande 1999 haa 2011. Ko o ardiiɗo suudu joonde diidaaɗi lesdi Naajeeriya, Abdul Ningi laati ardiiɗo suudu joonde diidaaɗi lesdi Naajeeriya . == Duuɓi gadani == Abdul Ningi jibinaa ko wuro Ningi e nder diiwaan [[Bauchi (Gelle)|Bauchi]] . O mawni ko e ngonka ɓuuɓka, omo foti golloraade kilooji sappo ñalnde kala ngam dañde ndiyam ngam ɓesngu nguu. O fuɗɗii golle e ngesa baaba makko ko e duuɓi 5, ngesa mo o jokki haa hannde. O wuuri ko e Ningi nguurndam makko fof. O janngi duɗal leslesal Ningi Fuɗnaange (1969 haa 1973) e duɗal hakkundeewal laamu, Misau. O heɓi bak makko to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde laamu, Misau e hitaande 1978, o winnditii to [[Bauchi College of Art and Sciences|duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Bauchi to bannge naalankaagal e gannde]] ngam janngude duuɓi 2 hade makko heɓde dipolomaaji. O heɓi B.Sc makko. e nder Sosiyoloji to [[Janngirde Ahmadu Bello|duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Ahmadu Bello]] e hitaande 1983, o woni gadano e nder galle makko yahde duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde. Caggal nde o heɓi bak makko seeɗa e hitaande 1983, o jokki e golle makko to Kano. E hitaande 1984, o jaɓi golle e nder laamu diiwaan [[Bauchi (Gelle)|Bauchi]], o woni ofisee toppitiiɗo wellitaare renndo. Caggal mum o artiraa e golle Sekreteruuji ñaawirdu renndo Bauchi, e hitaande 1986 o woni hooreejo hunnde e Banke First mo Naajeeriya ngam wonde gardiiɗo banki. O naati e ordinateeruuji Hi-Tech e hitaande 1992, o woni mawɗo njuɓɓudi laamu, e hitaande 1995 o wonti hooreejo e mawɗo gollordu NAJ Resources Ltd., Bauchi. == Fuɗɗoode golle politik == E hitaande 1996, Abdul Ningi ƴami suɓol lesdi Bauchi les njiimaandi lanyol Kongres Naajeeriya (UNCP) heɓi nasaraaku ammaa laamu ngu [[Abacha]] ardii, usti suɓol ngol. [[File:Abdul_Ningi.jpg|left|thumb|Sen. Abdul Ningi e batu mawngu Senaa e hitaande 2013]] == Suudu sarɗiiji == E gartugol laamu siwil e hitaande 1999, Abdul Ningi haɓaama e les njiimaandi lannda Demokaraasi Yimɓe, o heɓi heen ƴaañorgal ngam lomtaade diiwaan Fedde Ningi. O fiiltaa laabi 2 e hitaande 2003 e hitaande 2007. === 1999 haa 2003 === E nder manndaa makko gadano e nder suudu sarɗiiji leydi Najeriya, Abdul Ningi wonnoo ko hooreejo Goomu suudu sarɗiiji ko faati e miniraaji tiiɗɗi (2002 haa 2003); hooreejo, goomu leslesu suudu nduu ngam jaŋde jannginooɓe (1999 haa 2002); e hooreejo, goomu leslesu suudu nduu ko faati e NAFDAC (1999 - 2003). Hakkunde 1999 e 2002, o woniino hooreejo [[Fedde Fedde Fuuta Fuuta Nigeria|fedde fuku koyɗe leydi Najeriya]] e laamu makko, leydi Najeriya heɓiino tawtoreede kawgel fuku winndere ɗiɗaɓere FIFA . === 2003 haa 2007 === Abdul Ningi suɓaama kadi e hitaande 2003. Tuggi 2003 haa 2007, o woniino hooreejo ɓurɓe heewde e suudu sarɗiiji . O jeyaa ko e gollooɓe teeŋtuɓe walluɓe e jogaade suudu nduu e nder [[Olusegun Obasanjo|Ajendaaji manndaa tataɓo]] e hitaande 2006. O ardii goomu leslesu suudu nduu ko fayti e [[Fedde Fedde Fuuta Fuuta Nigeria|fedde fuku koyɗe leydi Nijeer]] (2003 haa 2007) o wonti tergal e fedde hakkunde leyɗeele Parlemaa, Commonwealth Association ParlementA . === 2007 haa 2011 === Fiilngo maako 2007 ɗon mari haaje ƴamɗe ngam Salisu Zakari mo lannda leƴƴi lesdi Naajeeriya fuu (ANPP) fuɗɗi anndinaama o heɓi nasaraaku, ammaa nder hitaande 2008, suudu kiita appeal artiri Abdul Ningi ngam o heɓa nasaraaku haa wooteeji lewru abriil 2007. O woniino hooreejo goomu Ad-hoc ko faati e kiris delta Nijeer, ko heen nafoore makko walliti e ƴellitde porogaraam Amnesty mo safrini militeeruuji delta Nijeer . O woniino kadi hooreejo goomu suudu sarɗiiji ngam geɗe polis, o woniino kadi tergal goomu suudu sarɗiiji ngam ƴeewde kiris Jos e goomu ƴeewndo doosɗe leydi. == Cukko hooreejo mawɓe == [[File:Abdul_Ningi_and_David_Mark.jpeg|left|thumb|Abdul Ningi e Hooreejo Senaa, [[Daawuuda Mark|David Mark]] e hitaande 2012]] E hitaande 2011, Abdul Ningi fooli senateer Mohammed A. Muhammed mo lannda leƴƴi leydi Naajeeriya (ANPP) gonɗo les njiimaandi ngam ŋakkeende wakilaagu moƴƴu e nder diiwaan makko. Abdul Ningi fooli Mohammed A. Muhammed e wooteeji senaateeruuji ñalnde 9 abriil . Nde lannda Demokaraasi Leƴƴi jokki ko ɓuri heewde e Senaa e jooɗorde 64 e nder 108 jooɗorde, Abdul Ningi suɓaama e dow nanondiral e wondiiɓe mum ngam wonde cukko hooreejo ɓurɓe heewde. == Eɓɓooje diiwaanuuji == [[File:Ningi_built_borehole.jpg|right|thumb|Abdul Ningi hokki ɓundu ngam ummaatoore Gidan Waya nder wuro [[Darazo]], [[Bauchi (Gelle)|Bauchi]] nder hitaande 2012]] Nde Bauchi woni renndo ndema ɓurngo heewde haajuuji ƴellitaare, Abdul Ningi waɗii peeje ƴellitaare "Masterplan of Service" jowitiiɗe e sosde golle, ballal ndema e ƴellitaare renndo. === Taggol golle === O fuɗɗiima sensitisation mawɗo wonande janngooɓe ɓe ngalaa golle to Bauchi ngam naftoraade «Scheme de stage des gradués». E nder lebbi ɗiɗi, o waawii wallitde e heɓde binnditagol e binnditagol ko ina tolnoo e 1 000 almuudo e nder nokkuuji 20 laamu nokkuuji Bauchi. E ballondiral e SURE-P, ko ina tolnoo e 3 000 sukaaɓe Bauchi ina ngondi e golle renndoyankooje rewɓe e sukaaɓe (CSWYE). Haa e lewru Oktoobar 2014, omo gollodii e FERMA ngam wallitde golle ko ina tolnoo e 1 000 sukaaɓe Bauchi e nder porogaraam ‘Golle laamu ngam sukaaɓe’. == Tuugnorgal == [[Category:Yimɓe wuurɓe]] [[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]] f0y4wdqh09e5v14okozhy7mpxujgzd8 0 42456 175951 2026-06-23T10:17:11Z Isa Oumar 9821 Created page with "'''Ekemejero Ohwovoriole''', SAN ko ardiiɗo sariya e siyaasaajo lesdi Naajeeriya, o ɗon huuwa bana jaagorɗo lesdi Naajeeriya e komisinaajo kiita nder jiha Delta, lesdi Naajeeriya diga lewru feebariyee 2024, nder suudu laamu lesdi Naajeeriya. == Nguurndam e jaŋde puɗɗagol == Ohwovoriole ko jeyaaɗo to Agbon Olomu to nokku laamu Ughelli to bannge worgo, to diiwaan Delta. O mari dipolomaaji ɗiɗi fuu haa jangirde mawnde nde Lagos. O noddaama haa suudu defte Naajeeri..." 175951 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ekemejero Ohwovoriole''', SAN ko ardiiɗo sariya e siyaasaajo lesdi Naajeeriya, o ɗon huuwa bana jaagorɗo lesdi Naajeeriya e komisinaajo kiita nder jiha Delta, lesdi Naajeeriya diga lewru feebariyee 2024, nder suudu laamu lesdi Naajeeriya. == Nguurndam e jaŋde puɗɗagol == Ohwovoriole ko jeyaaɗo to Agbon Olomu to nokku laamu Ughelli to bannge worgo, to diiwaan Delta. O mari dipolomaaji ɗiɗi fuu haa jangirde mawnde nde Lagos. O noddaama haa suudu defte Naajeeriya nder hitaande 1995, o timmini kuugal maako haa suudu joonde diidaaɗi lesdi Naajeeriya haa suudu joonde diidaaɗi lesdi Mrakpor & Oju Chambers haa Lagos.<ref name=":0">{{cite web|title=Ekemejero Ohwovoriole SAN|url=https://deltastate.gov.ng/portfolio-item/ekemejero-ohwovoriole-san/|access-date=27 December 2025}}</ref> == Golle sariya == Caggal NYSC, Ohwoworiole fuɗɗii golle mum to bannge sariya e nder cuuɗi mawɗo M. P. Ohwoworiole, SAN, to Lagos. O woniino jannginoowo wakkati seeɗa to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Lagos to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Delta State, caggal ɗuum o noddaama to gollorde laamu Delta State e hitaande 2003, o woni balloowo keeriiɗo to Awokaa mawɗo e Komiseer Ñaawirde, o lomtii leydi ndii to Ñaawirde Toownde e Ñaawirde Toownde e nder geɗe teeŋtuɗe.<ref name=":02">{{cite web|title=Ekemejero Ohwovoriole SAN|url=https://deltastate.gov.ng/portfolio-item/ekemejero-ohwovoriole-san/|access-date=27 December 2025}}</ref> O sosi Aequitas Chambers, fedde awokaaji timmunde, jooɗiinde to Asaba, jogiinde caɗeele to Lagos e Abuja, ko kañum woni fedde sariyaaji doosɗe leydi, ñaawoore, njulaagu, e wooteeji. O toɗɗaama Notari Public e hitaande 2005, o toɗɗaama e hitaande 2017.<ref name=":03">{{cite web|title=Ekemejero Ohwovoriole SAN|url=https://deltastate.gov.ng/portfolio-item/ekemejero-ohwovoriole-san/|access-date=27 December 2025}}</ref> Ohwovoriole golliima e nder Goomu toppitiingu golle leydi Naajeeriya gila 2010 haa 2017, o tawtoraama goomuuji mawɗi, ko wayi no Goomu Ñaawirde, Goomu Kuule e Kuuɗe, e Goomu Njuɓɓudi Ñaawirde. O waɗi kadi golle e nder pelle karallaagal ko wayi no Fedde Adunaare Awokaaji e Suudu Njulaagu Norwees leydi Najeriya.<ref name=":04">{{cite web|title=Ekemejero Ohwovoriole SAN|url=https://deltastate.gov.ng/portfolio-item/ekemejero-ohwovoriole-san/|access-date=27 December 2025}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=LeaderBox - Political Leadership Platform|url=https://leaderbox.africa/leaders/ekemejero-ohwovoriole-san|access-date=2025-12-30|website=leaderbox.africa|language=en}}</ref> == Biro laamu == E lewru feebariyee 2024, Ohwovoriole toɗɗaama jaagorgal mawngal e komisinaajo ñaawoore diiwaan Delta e juuɗe guwerneer Sheriff Oborevwori, o hunii e nder diiso doosɗe diiwaan. E nder laamu makko, o ƴeewtindiima eɓɓooji ngam moƴƴinde njuɓɓudi ñaawoore e ƴellitgol peeje ñaawoore warngooji e nder dowri ndii.<ref>{{cite web|title=Oborevwori swears in three new commissioners, says Delta ranks first in Criminal Justice Reforms|work=NewsNet Nigeria|date=February 2024|url=https://newsnet.ng/news/local-news/oborevwori-swears-in-three-new-commissioners-says-delta-ranks-first-in-criminal-justice-reforms/|access-date=27 December 2025}}</ref> E nder darnde makko, o hollitii ballal ngam moƴƴinde jokkondiral hakkunde gollorɗe wiɗto e ministeer ñaawoore ngam ɓeydude jokkondiral ñaawoore, o hollitii kadi peeje ngam newnude njuɓɓudi humpitooji ko faati e bonanndeeji e nder diiwaan hee, e nder peeje karallaagal laamu nguu.<ref>{{cite web|title=DTSG set to launch state criminal information system — Ohwovoriole|url=https://moj.dl.gov.ng/dtsg-set-to-launch-state-criminal-information-system-ohwovoriole/|access-date=27 December 2025}}</ref> Feddeeji karallaagal e teddungal Ohwovoriole ko tergal fedde awokaaji hakkunde leyɗeele e fedde awokaaji leydi Najeriya. O woni Fellow nder Duɗal Arbitrators Naajeeriya nden o mari terɗe kawtal bee Duɗal Naajeeriya ngam Taxation e Fedde Naajeeriya ngam Recovery Business e Insolvency.<ref name=":05">{{cite web|title=Ekemejero Ohwovoriole SAN|url=https://deltastate.gov.ng/portfolio-item/ekemejero-ohwovoriole-san/|access-date=27 December 2025}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=About MOJ – DELTA STATE MINISTRY OF JUSTICE|url=https://moj.dl.gov.ng/about-moj/|access-date=2025-12-30|language=en-US}}</ref> == Ƴeew kadi == Diiso doosɗe leydi Delta Ministeer Ñaawirde Fedde nde (Niiseer) <nowiki>{{Tuugnorgal</nowiki> p839u8zor6uei3724x1de209oyo23gu 0 42457 175953 2026-06-23T10:18:56Z Sardeeq 14292 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1359942628|Abdulaziz Usman]]" 175953 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Abdulaziz Usman Tarabu''' (jibinaa ko 1 lewru Yarkomaa 1962) ko senateer leydi Najeriya, gardiiɗo lannda PDP to [[Diiwal Jigawa|diiwaan Jigawa]] . O wonti tergal e Senaa leydi Najeriya e hitaande 2007. == Ɓawo == Abdulaziz Usman ina jogii dipolomaaji caggal duɗal to bannge njuɓɓudi njulaagu. Ko adii nde o naatata e politik, o wonnoo ko mawɗo peewnugol (planning) to bannge ndema e ƴellitaare laddeeji e nder diiwaan Jigawa. O suɓaama tergal suudu sarɗiiji e hitaande 1999–2003, o suɓaama kadi e hitaande 2003–2007. E hitaande 2005, o walli [[Atiku Abubakar]], ndeen cukko hooreejo leydi Naajeeriya, e nder ñaawoore fenaande feewde e jaaynde Newswatch jowitiinde e tuumeede fenaande nde Atiku woni hooreejo Diisnondiral ngenndiwal ko fayti e njulaagu. == Golle Senaa == Abdulaziz Usman suɓaama e Senaa ngenndiijo ngam diiwaan Jigawa Fuɗnaange-rewo e hitaande 2007. [1] Ciimtol lewru mee 2009 ngol This Day hollitii wonde o jaɓaani hay kuulal gootal, hay so tawii o wondi e won e kuule, won heen sahaaji kadi o wallitii e jeewte e nder batu kuuɓtodinngu. Ko kanko wonnoo hooreejo goomu geɗe hakkunde-leyɗeeje parlemaa. [2] [3] E wooteeji lewru abriil 2011 o suɓaama kadi senaateer Jigawa Fuɗnaange-rewo e dow laylaytol PDP, o heɓi 135 202 woote. [4] == Tuugnorgal == [[Category:Yimɓe wuurɓe]] sy8scdrftt205euiyintnoo9ue007f4 175954 175953 2026-06-23T10:19:33Z Sardeeq 14292 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1359942628|Abdulaziz Usman]]" 175954 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Abdulaziz Usman Tarabu''' (jibinaa ko 1 lewru Yarkomaa 1962) ko senateer leydi Najeriya, gardiiɗo lannda PDP to [[Diiwal Jigawa|diiwaan Jigawa]] . O wonti tergal e Senaa leydi Najeriya e hitaande 2007. <ref>Sebastine Obasi (September 26, 2005). "Newswatch Versus Atiku". Newswatch. Lagos, Nigeria. Archived from the original on 2011-07-27. Retrieved 2009-10-04.</ref> == Ɓawo == Abdulaziz Usman ina jogii dipolomaaji caggal duɗal to bannge njuɓɓudi njulaagu. Ko adii nde o naatata e politik, o wonnoo ko mawɗo peewnugol (planning) to bannge ndema e ƴellitaare laddeeji e nder diiwaan Jigawa. O suɓaama tergal suudu sarɗiiji e hitaande 1999–2003, o suɓaama kadi e hitaande 2003–2007. E hitaande 2005, o walli [[Atiku Abubakar]], ndeen cukko hooreejo leydi Naajeeriya, e nder ñaawoore fenaande feewde e jaaynde Newswatch jowitiinde e tuumeede fenaande nde Atiku woni hooreejo Diisnondiral ngenndiwal ko fayti e njulaagu. == Golle Senaa == Abdulaziz Usman suɓaama e Senaa ngenndiijo ngam diiwaan Jigawa Fuɗnaange-rewo e hitaande 2007. [1] Ciimtol lewru mee 2009 ngol This Day hollitii wonde o jaɓaani hay kuulal gootal, hay so tawii o wondi e won e kuule, won heen sahaaji kadi o wallitii e jeewte e nder batu kuuɓtodinngu. Ko kanko wonnoo hooreejo goomu geɗe hakkunde-leyɗeeje parlemaa. [2] [3] E wooteeji lewru abriil 2011 o suɓaama kadi senaateer Jigawa Fuɗnaange-rewo e dow laylaytol PDP, o heɓi 135 202 woote. [4] == Tuugnorgal == [[Category:Yimɓe wuurɓe]] nh5rnzdcy992i3j00y6pesx80n1r3ie 175955 175954 2026-06-23T10:19:52Z Sardeeq 14292 175955 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Abdulaziz Usman Tarabu''' (jibinaa ko 1 lewru Yarkomaa 1962) ko senateer leydi Najeriya, gardiiɗo lannda PDP to [[Diiwal Jigawa|diiwaan Jigawa]] . O wonti tergal e Senaa leydi Najeriya e hitaande 2007. <ref>Sebastine Obasi (September 26, 2005). "Newswatch Versus Atiku". Newswatch. Lagos, Nigeria. Archived from the original on 2011-07-27. Retrieved 2009-10-04.</ref> == Ɓawo == Abdulaziz Usman ina jogii dipolomaaji caggal duɗal to bannge njuɓɓudi njulaagu. Ko adii nde o naatata e politik, o wonnoo ko mawɗo peewnugol (planning) to bannge ndema e ƴellitaare laddeeji e nder diiwaan Jigawa. O suɓaama tergal suudu sarɗiiji e hitaande 1999–2003, o suɓaama kadi e hitaande 2003–2007. E hitaande 2005, o walli [[Atiku Abubakar]], ndeen cukko hooreejo leydi Naajeeriya, e nder ñaawoore fenaande feewde e jaaynde Newswatch jowitiinde e tuumeede fenaande nde Atiku woni hooreejo Diisnondiral ngenndiwal ko fayti e njulaagu. == Golle Senaa == Abdulaziz Usman suɓaama e Senaa ngenndiijo ngam diiwaan Jigawa Fuɗnaange-rewo e hitaande 2007. [1] Ciimtol lewru mee 2009 ngol This Day hollitii wonde o jaɓaani hay kuulal gootal, hay so tawii o wondi e won e kuule, won heen sahaaji kadi o wallitii e jeewte e nder batu kuuɓtodinngu. Ko kanko wonnoo hooreejo goomu geɗe hakkunde-leyɗeeje parlemaa. [2] [3] E wooteeji lewru abriil 2011 o suɓaama kadi senaateer Jigawa Fuɗnaange-rewo e dow laylaytol PDP, o heɓi 135 202 woote. [4] == Tuugnorgal == [[Category:Yimɓe wuurɓe]] n9inhggyg1ry4gf0rs6alkef6e35lfz 0 42458 175957 2026-06-23T10:20:29Z Isa Oumar 9821 Created page with "'''Nimi Wariboko''' (jibinaa ko ñalnde 4 abriil 1962)<ref>{{Cite news|date=2020-01-09|title=Igali extols Clark, Wariboko over immense educational impact|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2020/01/igali-extols-clark-wariboko-over-immense-educational-impact/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=2021-10-22|newspaper=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]]|language=en-US}}</ref>ko ganndo, kadi ko jannginoowo to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Boston, to leyɗeele dentuɗe Amerik.<ref>{{cite w..." 175957 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Nimi Wariboko''' (jibinaa ko ñalnde 4 abriil 1962)<ref>{{Cite news|date=2020-01-09|title=Igali extols Clark, Wariboko over immense educational impact|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2020/01/igali-extols-clark-wariboko-over-immense-educational-impact/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=2021-10-22|newspaper=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]]|language=en-US}}</ref>ko ganndo, kadi ko jannginoowo to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Boston, to leyɗeele dentuɗe Amerik.<ref>{{cite web|title=Wariboko, Nimi, 1962-|url=https://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n96059556.html|website=id.loc.gov|access-date=October 26, 2021}}</ref>O jibinaa ko to Abonnema, to diiwaan Rivers, to leydi Najeriya.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=ANN: The Toyin Falola Interviews: A Conversation with Professor Nimi Wariboko, Part One {{!}} H-Africa {{!}} H-Net|url=https://networks.h-net.org/node/28765/discussions/6661489/toyin-falola-interviews-conversation-professor-nimi-wariboko-part|access-date=2021-10-22|website=networks.h-net.org}}</ref> E nder ganndal faggudu o golliima e banke to Lagos, o woniino jiiloowo peeje e yoga e bankeeji mawɗi to Wall Street. Ko adii ɗuum kadi o golliima e jaayndeyaagal to Lagos.<ref name=":02">{{Cite web|title=ANN: The Toyin Falola Interviews: A Conversation with Professor Nimi Wariboko, Part One {{!}} H-Africa {{!}} H-Net|url=https://networks.h-net.org/node/28765/discussions/6661489/toyin-falola-interviews-conversation-professor-nimi-wariboko-part|access-date=2021-10-22|website=networks.h-net.org}}</ref>O anndiraa hannde ko adii fof ko ganndo e nehdi kono kadi omo jokki e wonde jiiloowo njuɓɓudi laamuuji e sosiyeteeji.[4] Professeur Wariboko yaltinii defte keewɗe e fannuuji etikaaji e faggudu Kerecee’en ina jeyaa heen Alla e kaalis:<ref>{{Cite news|date=2020-01-09|title=Igali extols Clark, Wariboko over immense educational impact|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2020/01/igali-extols-clark-wariboko-over-immense-educational-impact/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=2021-10-22|newspaper=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]]|language=en-US}}</ref> Tiyoloji kaalis e nder winndere nde ina hatojini e kaalis winndere nde denationalized.<ref>{{cite web|title=Wariboko, Nimi, 1962-|url=https://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n96059556.html|website=id.loc.gov|access-date=October 26, 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Wariboko, Nimi, 1962-|url=https://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n96059556.html|website=id.loc.gov|access-date=October 26, 2021}}</ref> == Binndanɗe cuɓaaɗe == * Wariboko, Nimi (1999). Suɓooji counterfoil e nder nguurndam Kalabari, janndeeji Afrik, deftere 3, tonngoode 1 * Wariboko, Nimi (2009). Principe de l’excellence : ko mbaydi etikaaji renndo. Defte Leksington == Tuugnorgal == btknza1084qcneil31670s2x0b7nwlm 175958 175957 2026-06-23T10:20:54Z Isa Oumar 9821 175958 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}'''Nimi Wariboko''' (jibinaa ko ñalnde 4 abriil 1962)<ref>{{Cite news|date=2020-01-09|title=Igali extols Clark, Wariboko over immense educational impact|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2020/01/igali-extols-clark-wariboko-over-immense-educational-impact/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=2021-10-22|newspaper=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]]|language=en-US}}</ref>ko ganndo, kadi ko jannginoowo to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Boston, to leyɗeele dentuɗe Amerik.<ref>{{cite web|title=Wariboko, Nimi, 1962-|url=https://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n96059556.html|website=id.loc.gov|access-date=October 26, 2021}}</ref>O jibinaa ko to Abonnema, to diiwaan Rivers, to leydi Najeriya.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=ANN: The Toyin Falola Interviews: A Conversation with Professor Nimi Wariboko, Part One {{!}} H-Africa {{!}} H-Net|url=https://networks.h-net.org/node/28765/discussions/6661489/toyin-falola-interviews-conversation-professor-nimi-wariboko-part|access-date=2021-10-22|website=networks.h-net.org}}</ref> E nder ganndal faggudu o golliima e banke to Lagos, o woniino jiiloowo peeje e yoga e bankeeji mawɗi to Wall Street. Ko adii ɗuum kadi o golliima e jaayndeyaagal to Lagos.<ref name=":02">{{Cite web|title=ANN: The Toyin Falola Interviews: A Conversation with Professor Nimi Wariboko, Part One {{!}} H-Africa {{!}} H-Net|url=https://networks.h-net.org/node/28765/discussions/6661489/toyin-falola-interviews-conversation-professor-nimi-wariboko-part|access-date=2021-10-22|website=networks.h-net.org}}</ref>O anndiraa hannde ko adii fof ko ganndo e nehdi kono kadi omo jokki e wonde jiiloowo njuɓɓudi laamuuji e sosiyeteeji.[4] Professeur Wariboko yaltinii defte keewɗe e fannuuji etikaaji e faggudu Kerecee’en ina jeyaa heen Alla e kaalis:<ref>{{Cite news|date=2020-01-09|title=Igali extols Clark, Wariboko over immense educational impact|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2020/01/igali-extols-clark-wariboko-over-immense-educational-impact/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=2021-10-22|newspaper=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]]|language=en-US}}</ref> Tiyoloji kaalis e nder winndere nde ina hatojini e kaalis winndere nde denationalized.<ref>{{cite web|title=Wariboko, Nimi, 1962-|url=https://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n96059556.html|website=id.loc.gov|access-date=October 26, 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Wariboko, Nimi, 1962-|url=https://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n96059556.html|website=id.loc.gov|access-date=October 26, 2021}}</ref> == Binndanɗe cuɓaaɗe == * Wariboko, Nimi (1999). Suɓooji counterfoil e nder nguurndam Kalabari, janndeeji Afrik, deftere 3, tonngoode 1 * Wariboko, Nimi (2009). Principe de l’excellence : ko mbaydi etikaaji renndo. Defte Leksington == Tuugnorgal == 5fnmhnvula5wt6jbb4i9ijltk6v6ugi 0 42459 175959 2026-06-23T10:21:54Z Sardeeq 14292 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1359942435|Jerry Sonny Ugokwe]]" 175959 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Jerry Sonny Ugokwe''' ko ganndo dawrugol, ganndo to leydi Naajeeriya. Ko kanko woni porfeseer gadano e jaŋde laamu e sariyaaji. == Kugal == E lewru mee 2008, Jerry Sonny Ugokwe, e oon sahaa gardiiɗo leydi Nijeer to [[Ngenndiije Dentuɗe|Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe]] to Vienne, rokki gardiiɗo UNOV, hono Antonio Maria Costa , kaayitaaji mum. Ugokwe toɗɗaa ko jannginoowo laamu e jaŋde sariya to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Nnamdi Azikiwe ñalnde 7 suwee 2023. == Caahu == O hokkaama njeenaari teddungal lesdi ndin diga laamu lesdi Naajeeriya nder lewru Mayru, 2023 ngam darnde maako nder ɓamtaare lesdi ndi'i haa nder siyaasaaku e nder jangirde. [1] [2] == Tuugnorgal == [[Category:Yimɓe wuurɓe]] m3fwfadsdvtu9nq1y3tcti61fttsfwb 175960 175959 2026-06-23T10:22:59Z Sardeeq 14292 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1359942435|Jerry Sonny Ugokwe]]" 175960 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Jerry Sonny Ugokwe''' ko ganndo dawrugol, ganndo to leydi Naajeeriya. Ko kanko woni porfeseer gadano e jaŋde laamu e sariyaaji. <ref>Nwafor (2023-06-16). "UNIZIK appoints Ugokwe as Professor of Governance, Legislative Studies". Vanguard. Lagos, Nigeria. Retrieved 2025-01-30.</ref> == Kugal == E lewru mee 2008, Jerry Sonny Ugokwe, e oon sahaa gardiiɗo leydi Nijeer to [[Ngenndiije Dentuɗe|Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe]] to Vienne, rokki gardiiɗo UNOV, hono Antonio Maria Costa , kaayitaaji mum. Ugokwe toɗɗaa ko jannginoowo laamu e jaŋde sariya to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Nnamdi Azikiwe ñalnde 7 suwee 2023. == Caahu == O hokkaama njeenaari teddungal lesdi ndin diga laamu lesdi Naajeeriya nder lewru Mayru, 2023 ngam darnde maako nder ɓamtaare lesdi ndi'i haa nder siyaasaaku e nder jangirde. [1] [2] == Tuugnorgal == [[Category:Yimɓe wuurɓe]] shp2vltua40nmbojm92rl1zu5zj97v3 175961 175960 2026-06-23T10:23:16Z Sardeeq 14292 175961 wikitext text/x-wiki  {{Databox}} '''Jerry Sonny Ugokwe''' ko ganndo dawrugol, ganndo to leydi Naajeeriya. Ko kanko woni porfeseer gadano e jaŋde laamu e sariyaaji. <ref>Nwafor (2023-06-16). "UNIZIK appoints Ugokwe as Professor of Governance, Legislative Studies". Vanguard. Lagos, Nigeria. Retrieved 2025-01-30.</ref> == Kugal == E lewru mee 2008, Jerry Sonny Ugokwe, e oon sahaa gardiiɗo leydi Nijeer to [[Ngenndiije Dentuɗe|Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe]] to Vienne, rokki gardiiɗo UNOV, hono Antonio Maria Costa , kaayitaaji mum. Ugokwe toɗɗaa ko jannginoowo laamu e jaŋde sariya to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Nnamdi Azikiwe ñalnde 7 suwee 2023. == Caahu == O hokkaama njeenaari teddungal lesdi ndin diga laamu lesdi Naajeeriya nder lewru Mayru, 2023 ngam darnde maako nder ɓamtaare lesdi ndi'i haa nder siyaasaaku e nder jangirde. [1] [2] == Tuugnorgal == [[Category:Yimɓe wuurɓe]] gp7kf3e496jlvy5rxru9j5gvznxei4w 0 42460 175962 2026-06-23T10:24:23Z Sardeeq 14292 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1359942617|Gabriel Suswam]]" 175962 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Gabriel Torwua Suswam''' (jibinaa ko 15 noowammbar 1964) ko dawriyanke Najeriya, gonnooɗo guwerneer [[Diiwal Benuwe|diiwaan Benue]] . O wakiili lesdi Benue haa woyla-fuunaange lesdi Naajeeriya nder kawtal [[Naajeeriya|lesdi Naajeeriya]] . == Nguurndam e jaŋde puɗɗagol == Gabriel Suswam jibinaa ko ñalnde 15 noowammbar 1964 to Anyiin, nokku laamu Logo to diiwaan Benue. E hitaande 1986, o naati e duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde sariya to [[Jaangirɗe Laagos|duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Lagos]] . O heɓi dipoloma LL.B e hitaande 1989, e seedantaagal BL to duɗal sariya leydi Naajeeriya, Lagos e hitaande 1990. O noddaama e Bar e ndeen hitaande. O golliima e birooji goɗɗi awokaaji tuggi 1990 haa 1994, omo jokki jaŋde makko. E hitaande 1994 o sosi biro makko awokaaji. == Golle politik == E wooteeji 1999, o dañii woote e nder suudu sarɗiiji leydi Katsina-Ala / Ukum / Logo, o suɓaama e dow laylaytol lannda Demokaraasi Yimɓe (PDP). O toɗɗaa hooreejo goomu sarwisaaji suudu sarɗiiji, caggal ɗuum o woni hooreejo, goomu suudu sarɗiiji ko faati e FCT. O dogi kadi, o suɓaama kadi e hitaande 2003. Ñalnde 3 sulyee 2003, o toɗɗaa hooreejo, Goomu suudu sarɗiiji ngam ƴellitde jawdi, caggal ɗuum e lewru ut, 2005 o toɗɗaa hooreejo, Goomu suudu sarɗiiji ngam ƴellitde doole. E lewru abriil 2007 o suɓaama Guwerneer [[Diiwal Benuwe|diiwaan Benue]] . E noowammbar 2009, o haali ko fayti e suɓaade otomatik denndaangal jogiiɓe jappeere politik, yeru mum en e yuɓɓinde golle mum en. E nder yeewtere woɗnde, o wiyi ko politik woni sabaabu ɓurɗo teeŋtude e haɓaade ƴellitaare dowla gila nde o sosaa. Suswam dañii laamu ɗiɗaɓuru e wooteeji guwerneer ñalnde 26 abriil 2011 e dow laylaytol PDP. O heɓi 590 776 woote, o fooli Professeur Torkuma Ugba ɗiɗaɓo mo Kongres Action Naajeeriya (ACN), o heɓi 499 319 woote. Ñalnde 28 marse 2015, Gabriyel Torwua Suswam dañii woote gardagol leydi, tawi ko hooreejo Barnabas Gemade mo [[APC|Kongres]] (APC) fooli ɗum. E lewru marse 2024, Suswam hollitii anniya mum ngam tawtoreede jappeere laamu PDP. == Luural == E hitaande 2024 Abubakar Umar, hollitii yeeso Ñaawirde Toownde Fedde nde, Maitama, Abuja, o wayli ceede ₦3.1 miliyaar o hokki ko foti no 15.8 Miliyoŋ Dolar e kaalis to Suswan to hoɗorde makko to Maitama. [1] Ñalnde 8 lewru nduu ₦413 Miliyoŋ neldaama to Abubakar Umar Suswan ina wiya ɗum yo waylu ɗum e dolaruuji, o nawta kaalis o to galle makko sara juulirde Juma'at. [2] == Ƴeew kadi == * Doggol guwerneeruuji diiwaan Benue == Tuugnorgal == [[Category:Yimɓe wuurɓe]] fphnuc815cm5k84e6wh26ei952t141y 175963 175962 2026-06-23T10:24:58Z Sardeeq 14292 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1359942617|Gabriel Suswam]]" 175963 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Gabriel Torwua Suswam''' (jibinaa ko 15 noowammbar 1964) ko dawriyanke Najeriya, gonnooɗo guwerneer [[Diiwal Benuwe|diiwaan Benue]] . O wakiili lesdi Benue haa woyla-fuunaange lesdi Naajeeriya nder kawtal [[Naajeeriya|lesdi Naajeeriya]] . <ref>"Group threatens to recall Suswam for alleged neglect of constituents". The Guardian. Lagos, Nigeria. 8 January 2021. Retrieved 21 February 2022.</ref> == Nguurndam e jaŋde puɗɗagol == Gabriel Suswam jibinaa ko ñalnde 15 noowammbar 1964 to Anyiin, nokku laamu Logo to diiwaan Benue. E hitaande 1986, o naati e duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde sariya to [[Jaangirɗe Laagos|duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Lagos]] . O heɓi dipoloma LL.B e hitaande 1989, e seedantaagal BL to duɗal sariya leydi Naajeeriya, Lagos e hitaande 1990. O noddaama e Bar e ndeen hitaande. O golliima e birooji goɗɗi awokaaji tuggi 1990 haa 1994, omo jokki jaŋde makko. E hitaande 1994 o sosi biro makko awokaaji. == Golle politik == E wooteeji 1999, o dañii woote e nder suudu sarɗiiji leydi Katsina-Ala / Ukum / Logo, o suɓaama e dow laylaytol lannda Demokaraasi Yimɓe (PDP). O toɗɗaa hooreejo goomu sarwisaaji suudu sarɗiiji, caggal ɗuum o woni hooreejo, goomu suudu sarɗiiji ko faati e FCT. O dogi kadi, o suɓaama kadi e hitaande 2003. Ñalnde 3 sulyee 2003, o toɗɗaa hooreejo, Goomu suudu sarɗiiji ngam ƴellitde jawdi, caggal ɗuum e lewru ut, 2005 o toɗɗaa hooreejo, Goomu suudu sarɗiiji ngam ƴellitde doole. E lewru abriil 2007 o suɓaama Guwerneer [[Diiwal Benuwe|diiwaan Benue]] . E noowammbar 2009, o haali ko fayti e suɓaade otomatik denndaangal jogiiɓe jappeere politik, yeru mum en e yuɓɓinde golle mum en. E nder yeewtere woɗnde, o wiyi ko politik woni sabaabu ɓurɗo teeŋtude e haɓaade ƴellitaare dowla gila nde o sosaa. Suswam dañii laamu ɗiɗaɓuru e wooteeji guwerneer ñalnde 26 abriil 2011 e dow laylaytol PDP. O heɓi 590 776 woote, o fooli Professeur Torkuma Ugba ɗiɗaɓo mo Kongres Action Naajeeriya (ACN), o heɓi 499 319 woote. Ñalnde 28 marse 2015, Gabriyel Torwua Suswam dañii woote gardagol leydi, tawi ko hooreejo Barnabas Gemade mo [[APC|Kongres]] (APC) fooli ɗum. E lewru marse 2024, Suswam hollitii anniya mum ngam tawtoreede jappeere laamu PDP. == Luural == E hitaande 2024 Abubakar Umar, hollitii yeeso Ñaawirde Toownde Fedde nde, Maitama, Abuja, o wayli ceede ₦3.1 miliyaar o hokki ko foti no 15.8 Miliyoŋ Dolar e kaalis to Suswan to hoɗorde makko to Maitama. [1] Ñalnde 8 lewru nduu ₦413 Miliyoŋ neldaama to Abubakar Umar Suswan ina wiya ɗum yo waylu ɗum e dolaruuji, o nawta kaalis o to galle makko sara juulirde Juma'at. [2] == Ƴeew kadi == * Doggol guwerneeruuji diiwaan Benue == Tuugnorgal == [[Category:Yimɓe wuurɓe]] r4rgrg7sma3vsc2esfvs9kp3dqf71m5 175964 175963 2026-06-23T10:25:13Z Sardeeq 14292 175964 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Gabriel Torwua Suswam''' (jibinaa ko 15 noowammbar 1964) ko dawriyanke Najeriya, gonnooɗo guwerneer [[Diiwal Benuwe|diiwaan Benue]] . O wakiili lesdi Benue haa woyla-fuunaange lesdi Naajeeriya nder kawtal [[Naajeeriya|lesdi Naajeeriya]] . <ref>"Group threatens to recall Suswam for alleged neglect of constituents". The Guardian. Lagos, Nigeria. 8 January 2021. Retrieved 21 February 2022.</ref> == Nguurndam e jaŋde puɗɗagol == Gabriel Suswam jibinaa ko ñalnde 15 noowammbar 1964 to Anyiin, nokku laamu Logo to diiwaan Benue. E hitaande 1986, o naati e duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde sariya to [[Jaangirɗe Laagos|duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Lagos]] . O heɓi dipoloma LL.B e hitaande 1989, e seedantaagal BL to duɗal sariya leydi Naajeeriya, Lagos e hitaande 1990. O noddaama e Bar e ndeen hitaande. O golliima e birooji goɗɗi awokaaji tuggi 1990 haa 1994, omo jokki jaŋde makko. E hitaande 1994 o sosi biro makko awokaaji. == Golle politik == E wooteeji 1999, o dañii woote e nder suudu sarɗiiji leydi Katsina-Ala / Ukum / Logo, o suɓaama e dow laylaytol lannda Demokaraasi Yimɓe (PDP). O toɗɗaa hooreejo goomu sarwisaaji suudu sarɗiiji, caggal ɗuum o woni hooreejo, goomu suudu sarɗiiji ko faati e FCT. O dogi kadi, o suɓaama kadi e hitaande 2003. Ñalnde 3 sulyee 2003, o toɗɗaa hooreejo, Goomu suudu sarɗiiji ngam ƴellitde jawdi, caggal ɗuum e lewru ut, 2005 o toɗɗaa hooreejo, Goomu suudu sarɗiiji ngam ƴellitde doole. E lewru abriil 2007 o suɓaama Guwerneer [[Diiwal Benuwe|diiwaan Benue]] . E noowammbar 2009, o haali ko fayti e suɓaade otomatik denndaangal jogiiɓe jappeere politik, yeru mum en e yuɓɓinde golle mum en. E nder yeewtere woɗnde, o wiyi ko politik woni sabaabu ɓurɗo teeŋtude e haɓaade ƴellitaare dowla gila nde o sosaa. Suswam dañii laamu ɗiɗaɓuru e wooteeji guwerneer ñalnde 26 abriil 2011 e dow laylaytol PDP. O heɓi 590 776 woote, o fooli Professeur Torkuma Ugba ɗiɗaɓo mo Kongres Action Naajeeriya (ACN), o heɓi 499 319 woote. Ñalnde 28 marse 2015, Gabriyel Torwua Suswam dañii woote gardagol leydi, tawi ko hooreejo Barnabas Gemade mo [[APC|Kongres]] (APC) fooli ɗum. E lewru marse 2024, Suswam hollitii anniya mum ngam tawtoreede jappeere laamu PDP. == Luural == E hitaande 2024 Abubakar Umar, hollitii yeeso Ñaawirde Toownde Fedde nde, Maitama, Abuja, o wayli ceede ₦3.1 miliyaar o hokki ko foti no 15.8 Miliyoŋ Dolar e kaalis to Suswan to hoɗorde makko to Maitama. [1] Ñalnde 8 lewru nduu ₦413 Miliyoŋ neldaama to Abubakar Umar Suswan ina wiya ɗum yo waylu ɗum e dolaruuji, o nawta kaalis o to galle makko sara juulirde Juma'at. [2] == Ƴeew kadi == * Doggol guwerneeruuji diiwaan Benue == Tuugnorgal == [[Category:Yimɓe wuurɓe]] 9fv1958c8mvjsm3nrrh142rgr3brlkr 0 42461 175965 2026-06-23T10:27:00Z Sardeeq 14292 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1359942430|Gbemisola Saraki]]" 175965 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Gbemisola Ruqayyah Saraki''' ( pronunciation c ; jibinaa ko ñalnde 3 lewru Mbooy hitaande 1965) ko o dawriyanke leydi Najeriya, o woniino jaagorgal leydi ndii e ƴellitaare njamndi gila 6 lewru juko hitaande 2022 haa 29 lewru mee 2023. O woniino ko adii ɗuum ko jaagorgal leydi ndii e ƴellitaare njamndi gila 2019 haa o artiraa e ministeer minelo e ƴellitaare njamndi 2022. Gonnooɗo senaateer, o suɓaama ngam lomtaade diiwaan senaateer hakkundeejo Kwara e hitaande 2003 e les njiimaandi lannda Demokaraasi Leñol (PDP). <ref name="nassnig" /> O suɓaama nder suudu sarɗiiji nder hitaande 1999 ngam o wakiili diiwal Asa/Ilorin West Federal, [[Diiwal Kwara|lesdi Kwara]] . Ko kanko woni miñiiko debbo gonnooɗo hooreejo Senaa leydi Najeriya, [[Bukola Saraki|hono Bukola Saraki]] . == Nguurndam e jaŋde puɗɗagol == Saraki jibinaa ko ñalnde 3 mee 1965 e galle [[Olusola Saraki|Abubakar Olusola Saraki]] e Florence Morenike Saraki. Baaba makko ko senaateer to leydi Najeriya ɗiɗaɓiri (1979–1983) kadi ko o daraniiɗo politik mawɗo to diiwaan Kwara. Miñiiko, [[Bukola Saraki|Abubakar Bukola Saraki]], ko guwerneer diiwaan Kwara gila 29 lewru Mbooy 2003 haa 29 lewru Mbooy 2011, o woniino hooreejo Senaa 8ɓo leydi Najeriya . O naati duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Sussex to [[Biritaani-Mawndi|leydi Angalteer]], o heɓi dipoloma makko ko faati e faggudu . O comoleted kuugal maako lesdi haa Banki Naajeeriya ngam filu e kuugal, [[Diiwal Ikko|Lagos]] . O golliima to Banke Societe Generale (Niiseer) o woni hooreejo luumooji kaalis, caggal ɗuum o woni hooreejo konte nder leydi. Tuggi 1994 haa 1999, o woniino gardiiɗo gollordu Ashmount, Lagos. == Golle politik == Saraki suɓaama tergal suudu sarɗiiji e hitaande 1999 e les njiimaandi lannda yimɓe fof (APP). O dogi les lannda Demokaraasi Yimɓe, (PDP) ngam suɓaade senaa e hitaande 2003 o heɓi jooɗorde nde, o lomtii Diisnondiral Senaa hakkundeejo e nder diiwaan Kwara. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;&#x5D;</sup> O suɓaama kadi e hitaande 2007, o golliima haa hitaande 2011. E hitaande 2011, o tawtoraama woote guwerneer diiwaan Kwara e les njiimaandi lannda ACPN, o fooli [[Abdulfatah Ahmed]] mo PDP . Ko o depitee, o jeyaa ko e goomuuji keewɗi. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; &#x5D;</sup> To Senaa, Saraki ardii Goomu Senaa toppitiingu peewnugol ngenndi, ustude baasal e geɗe faggudu. O woniino kadi cukko hooreejo Goomu Senaa to bannge geɗe caggal leydi. Saraki wonnoo ko tergal e parlemaa CEDEAO . [1] Saraki ummii e kawtal hooreejo leydi (APC) e hitaande 2015. [2] E lewru feebariyee 2016, Saraki toɗɗaama e juuɗe hooreejo leydi Muhammadu Buhari ngam wonde hooreejo duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde fedde nde, Otuoke, diiwaan Bayelsa . [3] Ñalnde 13 feebariyee 2017, Saraki toɗɗaa kadi e nder goomu 16 tergal ngam artirde nanondiral mum e hitaande 2009 e Dental gollotooɓe e duɗe jaaɓi haaɗtirde (ASUU). [4] Ñalnde 21 lewru bowte hitaande 2019, hooreejo leydi ndii, hono Muhammadu Buhari, toɗɗaama jaagorgal leydi ndi ko feewti e yah-ngartaa , ñalnde 6 sulyee 2022, o toɗɗiima jaagorgal leydi ndii ko feewti e ƴellitaare miniraaji e njamndi. == Ƴeew kadi == * Doggol yimɓe Hawsa en == Tuugnorgal == [[Category:Yimɓe wuurɓe]] i90bsl0rj7tfqo6dcl57k5badxri5gh 175967 175965 2026-06-23T10:27:23Z Sardeeq 14292 175967 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Gbemisola Ruqayyah Saraki''' ( pronunciation c ; jibinaa ko ñalnde 3 lewru Mbooy hitaande 1965) ko o dawriyanke leydi Najeriya, o woniino jaagorgal leydi ndii e ƴellitaare njamndi gila 6 lewru juko hitaande 2022 haa 29 lewru mee 2023. O woniino ko adii ɗuum ko jaagorgal leydi ndii e ƴellitaare njamndi gila 2019 haa o artiraa e ministeer minelo e ƴellitaare njamndi 2022. Gonnooɗo senaateer, o suɓaama ngam lomtaade diiwaan senaateer hakkundeejo Kwara e hitaande 2003 e les njiimaandi lannda Demokaraasi Leñol (PDP). <ref name="nassnig" /> O suɓaama nder suudu sarɗiiji nder hitaande 1999 ngam o wakiili diiwal Asa/Ilorin West Federal, [[Diiwal Kwara|lesdi Kwara]] . Ko kanko woni miñiiko debbo gonnooɗo hooreejo Senaa leydi Najeriya, [[Bukola Saraki|hono Bukola Saraki]] . == Nguurndam e jaŋde puɗɗagol == Saraki jibinaa ko ñalnde 3 mee 1965 e galle [[Olusola Saraki|Abubakar Olusola Saraki]] e Florence Morenike Saraki. Baaba makko ko senaateer to leydi Najeriya ɗiɗaɓiri (1979–1983) kadi ko o daraniiɗo politik mawɗo to diiwaan Kwara. Miñiiko, [[Bukola Saraki|Abubakar Bukola Saraki]], ko guwerneer diiwaan Kwara gila 29 lewru Mbooy 2003 haa 29 lewru Mbooy 2011, o woniino hooreejo Senaa 8ɓo leydi Najeriya . O naati duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Sussex to [[Biritaani-Mawndi|leydi Angalteer]], o heɓi dipoloma makko ko faati e faggudu . O comoleted kuugal maako lesdi haa Banki Naajeeriya ngam filu e kuugal, [[Diiwal Ikko|Lagos]] . O golliima to Banke Societe Generale (Niiseer) o woni hooreejo luumooji kaalis, caggal ɗuum o woni hooreejo konte nder leydi. Tuggi 1994 haa 1999, o woniino gardiiɗo gollordu Ashmount, Lagos. == Golle politik == Saraki suɓaama tergal suudu sarɗiiji e hitaande 1999 e les njiimaandi lannda yimɓe fof (APP). O dogi les lannda Demokaraasi Yimɓe, (PDP) ngam suɓaade senaa e hitaande 2003 o heɓi jooɗorde nde, o lomtii Diisnondiral Senaa hakkundeejo e nder diiwaan Kwara. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;&#x5D;</sup> O suɓaama kadi e hitaande 2007, o golliima haa hitaande 2011. E hitaande 2011, o tawtoraama woote guwerneer diiwaan Kwara e les njiimaandi lannda ACPN, o fooli [[Abdulfatah Ahmed]] mo PDP . Ko o depitee, o jeyaa ko e goomuuji keewɗi. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; &#x5D;</sup> To Senaa, Saraki ardii Goomu Senaa toppitiingu peewnugol ngenndi, ustude baasal e geɗe faggudu. O woniino kadi cukko hooreejo Goomu Senaa to bannge geɗe caggal leydi. Saraki wonnoo ko tergal e parlemaa CEDEAO . [1] Saraki ummii e kawtal hooreejo leydi (APC) e hitaande 2015. [2] E lewru feebariyee 2016, Saraki toɗɗaama e juuɗe hooreejo leydi Muhammadu Buhari ngam wonde hooreejo duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde fedde nde, Otuoke, diiwaan Bayelsa . [3] Ñalnde 13 feebariyee 2017, Saraki toɗɗaa kadi e nder goomu 16 tergal ngam artirde nanondiral mum e hitaande 2009 e Dental gollotooɓe e duɗe jaaɓi haaɗtirde (ASUU). [4] Ñalnde 21 lewru bowte hitaande 2019, hooreejo leydi ndii, hono Muhammadu Buhari, toɗɗaama jaagorgal leydi ndi ko feewti e yah-ngartaa , ñalnde 6 sulyee 2022, o toɗɗiima jaagorgal leydi ndii ko feewti e ƴellitaare miniraaji e njamndi. == Ƴeew kadi == * Doggol yimɓe Hawsa en == Tuugnorgal == [[Category:Yimɓe wuurɓe]] rzs9d4mm6upllwgr70o805cmv99dysi 0 42462 175966 2026-06-23T10:27:08Z Isa Oumar 9821 Created page with "'''Tekena Nitonye Tamuno''' (28 lewru Yarkomaa 1932 – 11 lewru Abriil 2015) ko daartoowo leydi Najeriya, cukko hooreejo duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Ibadan. Ko kanko wonnoo hooreejo fedde toppitiinde ko fayti e jaŋde toownde karallaagal Bells.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://allafrica.com/stories/200806120560.html|title=I Won't Go to Court Over Sacked Varsity Councils|date=12 June 2008|publisher=[[AllAfrica.com]]|access-date=15 October 2009}}</ref> == Jaŋde e golle == Tamuno..." 175966 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Tekena Nitonye Tamuno''' (28 lewru Yarkomaa 1932 – 11 lewru Abriil 2015) ko daartoowo leydi Najeriya, cukko hooreejo duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Ibadan. Ko kanko wonnoo hooreejo fedde toppitiinde ko fayti e jaŋde toownde karallaagal Bells.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://allafrica.com/stories/200806120560.html|title=I Won't Go to Court Over Sacked Varsity Councils|date=12 June 2008|publisher=[[AllAfrica.com]]|access-date=15 October 2009}}</ref> == Jaŋde e golle == Tamuno janngi duɗal St Peter to wuro mum Okrika ngam jaŋde leslesre. Nde o timmini o naati duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Okrika. Tuggi 1953 haa 1958 o janngi daartol to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Ibadan hade makko yaltude leydi ndii e hitaande 1960 ngam jokkude jaŋde makko to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Birkbeck, duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Londres e duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Columbia. E hitaande 1962 o naati e departemaa daartol to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Ibadan ɗo o woni professeur emeritus.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.sunnewsonline.com/webpages/features/freekick/2007/nov/30/freekick-30-11-2007-002.htm|location=Lagos, Nigeria|title=The Igbo, their Nigeria|date=30 November 2007|access-date=15 October 2009|newspaper=[[The Sun (Nigeria)|The Sun]]}}{{Dead link|date=June 2018|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=no}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.sunnewsonline.com/webpages/features/freekick/2007/nov/30/freekick-30-11-2007-002.htm|location=Lagos, Nigeria|title=The Igbo, their Nigeria|date=30 November 2007|access-date=15 October 2009|newspaper=[[The Sun (Nigeria)|The Sun]]}}{{Dead link|date=June 2018|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=no}}</ref> * Gaagaa golle makko njuɓɓudi e janngingol, ko o binndoowo, o ardii komisariyaaji gollorɗi laamu. * Tamuno maayi ko ñalnde 11 abriil 2015 to Ibadan, ina yahra e duuɓi 83. * Duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Ibadan * Jannginoowo, hitaande 1963 * Jaagorɗo mawɗo, 1967 * Jaagorɗo, hitaande 1971 * Hooreejo, departemaa Taariiha, 1972-1975 * Dean, Duɗal Jaaɓi-haaɗtirde Naalankaagal, 1973-1975 * Cukko hooreejo leydi, hitaande 1975-1979.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Jones|first=D. H.|date=1967|title=Representative Government in Nigeria - Nigeria and Elective Representation, 1923–1947. By Takena N. Tamuno. London and Ibadan: Heinemann, 1966. Pp. ix+ 136. 35s.|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021853700007246|journal=The Journal of African History|volume=8|issue=2|pages=366–367|doi=10.1017/s0021853700007246|s2cid=163130367|issn=0021-8537|url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Jones|first=D. H.|date=1967|title=Representative Government in Nigeria - Nigeria and Elective Representation, 1923–1947. By Takena N. Tamuno. London and Ibadan: Heinemann, 1966. Pp. ix+ 136. 35s.|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021853700007246|journal=The Journal of African History|volume=8|issue=2|pages=366–367|doi=10.1017/s0021853700007246|s2cid=163130367|issn=0021-8537|url-access=subscription}}</ref> == Defte cuɓaaɗe == * Naajeeriya e wakilaagu cuɓaaɗo, 1923-1947.Heinemann (1966) [4] * Eɓɓoore dowla Naajeeriya: Faandaare Fombina, 1898–1914. Jaaynde ganndal neɗɗankaagal, 1972. <nowiki>ISBN 0-391-00232-5</nowiki>. * Abebe: Natal hooreejo lesdi Naajeeriya. Jaayɗe ALF, 1991. <nowiki>ISBN 978-31191-7-6</nowiki>[6] * Herbert Makaolay, jiɗɗo leydi Nijeer. Jaŋde Heinemann, 1975. <nowiki>ISBN 0-435-94472-X</nowiki> [7] * Naajeeriya: Yimɓe mum e caɗeele mum. <nowiki>ISBN 978-31069-1-0</nowiki>[8] * Jaami’aaji Naajeeriya, janngooɓe maɓɓe e renndo maɓɓe: Geɗe ardungal, wakkati, e ngonka. <nowiki>ISBN 978-31069-02</nowiki> [9] * Polis’en nder leydi Naajeeriya hannde, 1861–1965: Iwdi, ɓamtaare, e darnde. * Naajeeriya Gila Ndimu Heɓti. Defte jaŋde Heinemann. <nowiki>ISBN 978-129-481-7</nowiki> [10] * Fedde Naajeeriya e nder daartol. Fedde nde e mbayliigu politik e nder leydi Najeriya. Ibadan: ko mbaydi. == Ƴeew kadi == Doggol cukko hooreejo leydi Najeriya == Tuugnorgal == r6lfqims4il1bz9zag0sv9cj9nda4ch 175971 175966 2026-06-23T10:29:06Z Isa Oumar 9821 175971 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}'''Tekena Nitonye Tamuno''' (28 lewru Yarkomaa 1932 – 11 lewru Abriil 2015) ko daartoowo leydi Najeriya, cukko hooreejo duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Ibadan. Ko kanko wonnoo hooreejo fedde toppitiinde ko fayti e jaŋde toownde karallaagal Bells.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://allafrica.com/stories/200806120560.html|title=I Won't Go to Court Over Sacked Varsity Councils|date=12 June 2008|publisher=[[AllAfrica.com]]|access-date=15 October 2009}}</ref> == Jaŋde e golle == Tamuno janngi duɗal St Peter to wuro mum Okrika ngam jaŋde leslesre. Nde o timmini o naati duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Okrika. Tuggi 1953 haa 1958 o janngi daartol to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Ibadan hade makko yaltude leydi ndii e hitaande 1960 ngam jokkude jaŋde makko to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Birkbeck, duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Londres e duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Columbia. E hitaande 1962 o naati e departemaa daartol to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Ibadan ɗo o woni professeur emeritus.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.sunnewsonline.com/webpages/features/freekick/2007/nov/30/freekick-30-11-2007-002.htm|location=Lagos, Nigeria|title=The Igbo, their Nigeria|date=30 November 2007|access-date=15 October 2009|newspaper=[[The Sun (Nigeria)|The Sun]]}}{{Dead link|date=June 2018|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=no}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.sunnewsonline.com/webpages/features/freekick/2007/nov/30/freekick-30-11-2007-002.htm|location=Lagos, Nigeria|title=The Igbo, their Nigeria|date=30 November 2007|access-date=15 October 2009|newspaper=[[The Sun (Nigeria)|The Sun]]}}{{Dead link|date=June 2018|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=no}}</ref> * Gaagaa golle makko njuɓɓudi e janngingol, ko o binndoowo, o ardii komisariyaaji gollorɗi laamu. * Tamuno maayi ko ñalnde 11 abriil 2015 to Ibadan, ina yahra e duuɓi 83. * Duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Ibadan * Jannginoowo, hitaande 1963 * Jaagorɗo mawɗo, 1967 * Jaagorɗo, hitaande 1971 * Hooreejo, departemaa Taariiha, 1972-1975 * Dean, Duɗal Jaaɓi-haaɗtirde Naalankaagal, 1973-1975 * Cukko hooreejo leydi, hitaande 1975-1979.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Jones|first=D. H.|date=1967|title=Representative Government in Nigeria - Nigeria and Elective Representation, 1923–1947. By Takena N. Tamuno. London and Ibadan: Heinemann, 1966. Pp. ix+ 136. 35s.|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021853700007246|journal=The Journal of African History|volume=8|issue=2|pages=366–367|doi=10.1017/s0021853700007246|s2cid=163130367|issn=0021-8537|url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Jones|first=D. H.|date=1967|title=Representative Government in Nigeria - Nigeria and Elective Representation, 1923–1947. By Takena N. Tamuno. London and Ibadan: Heinemann, 1966. Pp. ix+ 136. 35s.|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021853700007246|journal=The Journal of African History|volume=8|issue=2|pages=366–367|doi=10.1017/s0021853700007246|s2cid=163130367|issn=0021-8537|url-access=subscription}}</ref> == Defte cuɓaaɗe == * Naajeeriya e wakilaagu cuɓaaɗo, 1923-1947.Heinemann (1966) [4] * Eɓɓoore dowla Naajeeriya: Faandaare Fombina, 1898–1914. Jaaynde ganndal neɗɗankaagal, 1972. <nowiki>ISBN 0-391-00232-5</nowiki>. * Abebe: Natal hooreejo lesdi Naajeeriya. Jaayɗe ALF, 1991. <nowiki>ISBN 978-31191-7-6</nowiki>[6] * Herbert Makaolay, jiɗɗo leydi Nijeer. Jaŋde Heinemann, 1975. <nowiki>ISBN 0-435-94472-X</nowiki> [7] * Naajeeriya: Yimɓe mum e caɗeele mum. <nowiki>ISBN 978-31069-1-0</nowiki>[8] * Jaami’aaji Naajeeriya, janngooɓe maɓɓe e renndo maɓɓe: Geɗe ardungal, wakkati, e ngonka. <nowiki>ISBN 978-31069-02</nowiki> [9] * Polis’en nder leydi Naajeeriya hannde, 1861–1965: Iwdi, ɓamtaare, e darnde. * Naajeeriya Gila Ndimu Heɓti. Defte jaŋde Heinemann. <nowiki>ISBN 978-129-481-7</nowiki> [10] * Fedde Naajeeriya e nder daartol. Fedde nde e mbayliigu politik e nder leydi Najeriya. Ibadan: ko mbaydi. == Ƴeew kadi == Doggol cukko hooreejo leydi Najeriya == Tuugnorgal == dl2pgvbfjrpf6mz1kubqgrqqe8ntg2e 0 42463 175968 2026-06-23T10:28:18Z Sardeeq 14292 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1359942600|Austin Opara]]" 175968 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Austin Adiele Opara''' OFR, (jibinaa ko 29 lewru bowte hitaande 1963) ko dawriyanke mo lannda yimɓe leydi Nijeer . O mawni ko to Diobu, to Port Harcourt, o jeyaa ko e leñol Ikwerre . == Jaangirde == Opara ina jogii Dipolomaaji ngenndiiji toowɗi e Bachelor ganndal e cuɓagol njulaagu to [[Jangirɗe Maude Diiwal Rivers|duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde ganndal e karallaagal Rivers State]] . O heɓi Master makko e njuɓɓudi njulaagu, e nder duɗal gootal. Yanti heen, omo jogii seedantaagal njuɓɓudi kaalis laamu e ƴellitgol kaaldigal to Duɗal laamu John F. Kennedy to [[Dowlaaji Dentuɗi|Amerik]] . Austin Opara fotndi ina jogii dipolom PhD e njulaagu politik to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Rivers, to leydi Najeriya. == Fuɗɗoode golle == Opara fuɗɗi janngirde haa janngirde lesdi Rivers nden ɓaawo man o laati hooreejo hukuuma soodugo haa janngirde Horicon Dredging Nigeria Limited, Port Harcourt . == Golle politik == E hitaande 1999, o toɗɗaa e suudu sarɗiiji, o lomtii Port Harcourt II (diiwaan fedde ndee). O suɓaama kadi e hitaande 2003, o woni cukko hooreejo leydi haa hitaande 2007. Nde o woni e Asaambele, o woni kadi cukko hooreejo Goomu Jokkondiral Asaambele Ngenndiwal ngam ƴeewtaade doosɗe leydi 1999, hooreejo lesleso Goomu suudu sarɗiiji e dow Petro House Coritte National Petrolum, Naajeeriya . cukko hooreejo Goomu suudu sarɗiiji ko feewti e ƴellitaare Delta Niger e tergal, Goomu suudu sarɗiiji ko feewti e kisal ngenndi e humpito. [1] E lewru noowammbar 2015, Opara toɗɗaa hooreejo fedde toppitiinde kaalis (Agence Microfinance) dowla Rivers . == Ƴeew kadi == * Doggol yimɓe ummoriiɓe to Rivers State * Doggol senateeruuji leydi Naajeeriya ummoriiɗi e diiwaan Rivers == Tuugnorgal == [[Category:Yimɓe wuurɓe]] 6piutq1g0p446a0zkbafcbhbmeglkvp 175970 175968 2026-06-23T10:29:01Z Sardeeq 14292 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1359942600|Austin Opara]]" 175970 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Austin Adiele Opara''' OFR, (jibinaa ko 29 lewru bowte hitaande 1963) ko dawriyanke mo lannda yimɓe leydi Nijeer . O mawni ko to Diobu, to Port Harcourt, o jeyaa ko e leñol Ikwerre . <ref>"The Man, Austin Opara @ 50". National Network. Port Harcourt, Nigeria. 28 August 2013. Archived from the original on 25 August 2016. Retrieved 23 August 2016.</ref> == Jaangirde == Opara ina jogii Dipolomaaji ngenndiiji toowɗi e Bachelor ganndal e cuɓagol njulaagu to [[Jangirɗe Maude Diiwal Rivers|duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde ganndal e karallaagal Rivers State]] . O heɓi Master makko e njuɓɓudi njulaagu, e nder duɗal gootal. Yanti heen, omo jogii seedantaagal njuɓɓudi kaalis laamu e ƴellitgol kaaldigal to Duɗal laamu John F. Kennedy to [[Dowlaaji Dentuɗi|Amerik]] . Austin Opara fotndi ina jogii dipolom PhD e njulaagu politik to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Rivers, to leydi Najeriya. == Fuɗɗoode golle == Opara fuɗɗi janngirde haa janngirde lesdi Rivers nden ɓaawo man o laati hooreejo hukuuma soodugo haa janngirde Horicon Dredging Nigeria Limited, Port Harcourt . == Golle politik == E hitaande 1999, o toɗɗaa e suudu sarɗiiji, o lomtii Port Harcourt II (diiwaan fedde ndee). O suɓaama kadi e hitaande 2003, o woni cukko hooreejo leydi haa hitaande 2007. Nde o woni e Asaambele, o woni kadi cukko hooreejo Goomu Jokkondiral Asaambele Ngenndiwal ngam ƴeewtaade doosɗe leydi 1999, hooreejo lesleso Goomu suudu sarɗiiji e dow Petro House Coritte National Petrolum, Naajeeriya . cukko hooreejo Goomu suudu sarɗiiji ko feewti e ƴellitaare Delta Niger e tergal, Goomu suudu sarɗiiji ko feewti e kisal ngenndi e humpito. [1] E lewru noowammbar 2015, Opara toɗɗaa hooreejo fedde toppitiinde kaalis (Agence Microfinance) dowla Rivers . == Ƴeew kadi == * Doggol yimɓe ummoriiɓe to Rivers State * Doggol senateeruuji leydi Naajeeriya ummoriiɗi e diiwaan Rivers == Tuugnorgal == [[Category:Yimɓe wuurɓe]] d9ufqzbdwb74n8jz2bpm9zjpk2casbw 175972 175970 2026-06-23T10:29:15Z Sardeeq 14292 175972 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Austin Adiele Opara''' OFR, (jibinaa ko 29 lewru bowte hitaande 1963) ko dawriyanke mo lannda yimɓe leydi Nijeer . O mawni ko to Diobu, to Port Harcourt, o jeyaa ko e leñol Ikwerre . <ref>"The Man, Austin Opara @ 50". National Network. Port Harcourt, Nigeria. 28 August 2013. Archived from the original on 25 August 2016. Retrieved 23 August 2016.</ref> == Jaangirde == Opara ina jogii Dipolomaaji ngenndiiji toowɗi e Bachelor ganndal e cuɓagol njulaagu to [[Jangirɗe Maude Diiwal Rivers|duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde ganndal e karallaagal Rivers State]] . O heɓi Master makko e njuɓɓudi njulaagu, e nder duɗal gootal. Yanti heen, omo jogii seedantaagal njuɓɓudi kaalis laamu e ƴellitgol kaaldigal to Duɗal laamu John F. Kennedy to [[Dowlaaji Dentuɗi|Amerik]] . Austin Opara fotndi ina jogii dipolom PhD e njulaagu politik to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Rivers, to leydi Najeriya. == Fuɗɗoode golle == Opara fuɗɗi janngirde haa janngirde lesdi Rivers nden ɓaawo man o laati hooreejo hukuuma soodugo haa janngirde Horicon Dredging Nigeria Limited, Port Harcourt . == Golle politik == E hitaande 1999, o toɗɗaa e suudu sarɗiiji, o lomtii Port Harcourt II (diiwaan fedde ndee). O suɓaama kadi e hitaande 2003, o woni cukko hooreejo leydi haa hitaande 2007. Nde o woni e Asaambele, o woni kadi cukko hooreejo Goomu Jokkondiral Asaambele Ngenndiwal ngam ƴeewtaade doosɗe leydi 1999, hooreejo lesleso Goomu suudu sarɗiiji e dow Petro House Coritte National Petrolum, Naajeeriya . cukko hooreejo Goomu suudu sarɗiiji ko feewti e ƴellitaare Delta Niger e tergal, Goomu suudu sarɗiiji ko feewti e kisal ngenndi e humpito. [1] E lewru noowammbar 2015, Opara toɗɗaa hooreejo fedde toppitiinde kaalis (Agence Microfinance) dowla Rivers . == Ƴeew kadi == * Doggol yimɓe ummoriiɓe to Rivers State * Doggol senateeruuji leydi Naajeeriya ummoriiɗi e diiwaan Rivers == Tuugnorgal == [[Category:Yimɓe wuurɓe]] gtr4yrrdzabaiz78xea3tdydqjt7ykq 0 42464 175969 2026-06-23T10:28:49Z Isa Oumar 9821 Created page with "'''Festus Okotie-Eboh''' (18 lewru Siilo hitaande 1912 – 15 lewru Yarkomaa 1966) ko jaagorgal kaalis leydi Najeriya gila 1957 haa 1966 e laamu Sir Abubakar Tafawa Balewa.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2022-01-13|title=Chief Festus Sam Okotie-Eboh, the colossus lives on|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2022/01/chief-festus-sam-okotie-eboh-the-colossus-lives-on/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=2022-03-03|newspaper=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]]|language=en-US}}</ref> Okotie-..." 175969 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Festus Okotie-Eboh''' (18 lewru Siilo hitaande 1912 – 15 lewru Yarkomaa 1966) ko jaagorgal kaalis leydi Najeriya gila 1957 haa 1966 e laamu Sir Abubakar Tafawa Balewa.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2022-01-13|title=Chief Festus Sam Okotie-Eboh, the colossus lives on|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2022/01/chief-festus-sam-okotie-eboh-the-colossus-lives-on/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=2022-03-03|newspaper=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]]|language=en-US}}</ref> Okotie-Eboh jibinaa ko e mawɗo Itsekiri, laamɗo Okotie Eboh to Warri, wuro wonngo sara maayo Benin e nder diiwaan Nijeer .<ref>{{Cite book|last=Larson|first=Sylvia B.|title=Evans, George (1797-1867), lawyer, politician, and businessman|date=February 2000|publisher=Oxford University Press|series=American National Biography Online|doi=10.1093/anb/9780198606697.article.0400350}}</ref><ref name="Okotie- Eboh: In time and history">{{Cite news|title=Okotie- Eboh: In time and history|url=https://guardian.ng/art/okotie-eboh-in-time-and-history/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|date=2016-04-10|newspaper=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]]|language=en-US|access-date=2020-05-26}}</ref>O woniino gardiiɗo kaalis leydi ndii e lannda leydi Najeriya, NCNC. O woniino kadi hooreejo lannda parlemaa fedde NCNC, lomtii K.O. Mbaadiwe.<ref>{{cite book|title=Nigerian Political Parties: Power in an Emergent African Nation|last=Sklar|first=Richard|year=2004|publisher=Africa World Press Press|page=227|isbn=9781592212095|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Oi0aVR4YkmUC&q=okotie+eboh+treasurer&pg=PA227}}</ref> == Nguurndam puɗɗam e golle njulaagu == Okotie Eboh jibinaa ko Festus Samuwel Edah to maayo Benin, diiwaan Warri ɓooyɗo. Tuggi 1932 haa 1936, o naati duɗal Baptiste Sapele.<ref>{{cite book|title=Historical Dictionary of Nigeria|year=2009|last=Falola|first=Toyin|publisher=Scarecrow Press|page=[https://archive.org/details/historicaldictio0000falo/page/284 284]|url=https://archive.org/details/historicaldictio0000falo|url-access=registration|quote=okotie eboh sapele baptist school.}}</ref>Nde o timmini jaŋde makko, o golliima seeɗa e nder Biro Diisnondiral nokku oo hade makko hootde to alma mater makko ngam wonde jannginoowo.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|last=Eguoritse|first=O|title=Feathers for a great Nigerian statesman: being a short biographical portrait of Chief, the Hon. F.S. Okotie-Eboh|date=1959|publisher=Twentieth Century Press)|location=Apapa|language=en|oclc=16667560}}</ref> E hitaande 1937, o dañi golle to sosiyetee Bata Shoe, o woni gardiiɗo konte.<ref name=":02">{{Cite book|last=Eguoritse|first=O|title=Feathers for a great Nigerian statesman: being a short biographical portrait of Chief, the Hon. F.S. Okotie-Eboh|date=1959|publisher=Twentieth Century Press)|location=Apapa|language=en|oclc=16667560}}</ref> Nde o woni e golle binnditagol, omo jannga kadi defte e hiisa. E hitaande 1944, Bata artiri mo to Lagos, o woni mawɗo binnditagol e konte West Coast. O woniino to Lagos hitaande hade makko hootde Sapele ngam wonde cukko hooreejo fedde Sapele. E hitaande 1947, o neldaa Prague, to leydi Cekoslowaki ngam ɓeydaade heblo ɗo o heɓi dipolomaaji to bannge njuɓɓudi njulaagu e kiropodi. O ummi Bata Shoe ngam sosde njulaagu leɗɗe e kaɓirɗe.<ref name=":03">{{Cite book|last=Eguoritse|first=O|title=Feathers for a great Nigerian statesman: being a short biographical portrait of Chief, the Hon. F.S. Okotie-Eboh|date=1959|publisher=Twentieth Century Press)|location=Apapa|language=en|oclc=16667560}}</ref>O woniino e njulaagu njulaagu kaɓirɗe e innde sosiyetee biyeteeɗo Sosiyetee njulaagu e naatgol Afro-Nigeria. Fedde nde ina sooda kaɓirɗe ɓuuɓɗe (ribbed smoked sheet rubber) to Orop e Amerik worgo.<ref name=":04">{{Cite book|last=Eguoritse|first=O|title=Feathers for a great Nigerian statesman: being a short biographical portrait of Chief, the Hon. F.S. Okotie-Eboh|date=1959|publisher=Twentieth Century Press)|location=Apapa|language=en|oclc=16667560}}</ref>E hitaande 1958, o udditi gollordu ɓuuɓndu, caggal ɗuum e hitaande 1963, o fuɗɗii gollordu Omimi Rubber e Canvas Shoe. O fuɗɗii kadi golle seeɗa e gollodiiɓe makko ɗiɗo caggal leydi : Dizengoff e Coutinho Caro. Sehilaaɓe ɓee ƴellitii Mid-West Cement Co, ko gollordu simmeeji to Koko e golle kabine Unameji.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-06-10|title=About Us – HistoryVille|url=https://www.thehistoryville.com/about-historyville/|access-date=2026-06-13|language=en}}</ref> Okotie-Eboh resii e hitaande 1942, kanko e debbo makko, ɓe puɗɗii njuɓɓudi duɗe to Sapele. Duɗal gadanal ngal ko Sapele Boys Academy, rewi heen ko duɗal njulaagu Zik. E hitaande 1953, o fuɗɗii duɗal hakkundeewal Akademi Sapele. E kitaale 1940 e 1950, Okotie-Eboh wonnoo ko tergal e yiilirde Goomu Wagginoore Portooji Warri, Goomu Wagginoore Wuro Sapele e Hukuuma Peewnugol Wuro Sapele.<ref name=":05">{{Cite book|last=Eguoritse|first=O|title=Feathers for a great Nigerian statesman: being a short biographical portrait of Chief, the Hon. F.S. Okotie-Eboh|date=1959|publisher=Twentieth Century Press)|location=Apapa|language=en|oclc=16667560}}</ref> == Golle politik == E hitaande 1951, caggal won e semmbeeji ummoraade e Azikiwe, o dañii jooɗorde, o suɓaa e suudu sarɗiiji diiwaan hirnaange.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Accord Concondiale: The continuous search for Nigeria's elusive unity (10)|url=https://www.sunnewsonline.com/accord-concondiale-the-continuous-search-for-nigerias-elusive-unity-10/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|date=2017-08-16|newspaper=[[The Sun (Nigeria)|The Sun]]|language=en-US|access-date=2020-05-26}}</ref> E hitaande 1954, o toɗɗaa keso N.C.N.C. e o dañii nafoore e wonde kanndidaa lannda ngam lomtaade diɗɗal Warri e nder suudu sarɗiiji .<ref>{{Cite web|date=2013-01-25|title=Immortalizing Okotie-Eboh|url=https://thepointernewsonline.com/?p=16348|access-date=2020-06-05|website=The Pointer News Online|language=en-US}}</ref>O suɓaama jaagorgal fedde nde ko feewti e golle e wellitaare e lewru Yarkomaa 1955, duuɓi ɗiɗi caggal ɗuum, o waɗtaa jaagorgal kaalis.<ref name="Okotie- Eboh: In time and history2">{{Cite news|title=Okotie- Eboh: In time and history|url=https://guardian.ng/art/okotie-eboh-in-time-and-history/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|date=2016-04-10|newspaper=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]]|language=en-US|access-date=2020-05-26}}</ref> == Nguurndam neɗɗo == Okotie-Eboh resi debbo Itsekiri ina wiyee Victoria e hitaande 1942. Gooto e ɓiɓɓe makko rewɓe ina wiyee Alero resi Oladipo Jadesimi.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2019-09-21|title=Oil tycoon Oladipo Jadesimi's daughter, Emma, takes to dancing in London|url=https://www.sunnewsonline.com/oil-tycoon-oladipo-jadesimis-daughter-emma-takes-to-dancing-in-london/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=2020-06-04|newspaper=[[The Sun (Nigeria)|The Sun]]|language=en-US}}</ref>Ɓiyiiko debbo gadano biyeteeɗo Ajoritsedere Awosika ko gonnooɗo golloowo laamu. O wiyaama kadi omo resndi debbo itsekiri goɗɗo ina wiyee Irene Dorti. Wade Okotie-Eboh waraama bee hooreejo lesdi Naajeeriya Tafawa Balewa nder kuudetaa konu nyande 15 lewru Yarkomaa 1966, ko ɗum timmini laamu Naajeeriya arandeeru.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://countrystudies.us/nigeria/70.htm|title=Nigeria - the 1966 Coups, Civil War, and Gowon's Government}}</ref> Balɗe ɗiɗi ko adii maayde Okotie-Eboh, o fotti e Lee Kuan Yew. Lee wiyi e konngol mum e hitaande 1993 wonde ko adii maayde mum, Okotie-Eboh ina jogori yaltude laamu ngam waɗtude hakkille mum e fuɗɗoraade gollordu paɗe.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Lee|first1=Kuan Yew|title=SPEECH BY MR LEE KUAN YEW, SENIOR MINISTER, FOR AFRICA LEADERSHIP FORUM AT THE REGENT HOTEL ON MONDAY, 8 NOVEMBER 1993|url=https://www.nas.gov.sg/archivesonline/speeches/record-details/7429141f-115d-11e3-83d5-0050568939ad|access-date=11 July 2024}}</ref> == Janngude ko ɓeydi == Rosalinnde Aynsli, Katerin Hoskins, Ronald Segal ; Frederick A. Praeger, Afrik politik: Mo woni kala e yimɓe e lanndaaji. Frederik A. Praeger, hitaande 1961 Ryszard Kapusciński, Anatomi kuudetaa e nder deftere mum e nder Ɓooygol Naange (1998) {{Databox}}Tuugnorgal pknpa7bv2nw1ljbehjdbo5ztwsux3rt 0 42465 175973 2026-06-23T10:30:40Z Sardeeq 14292 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1345902731|Clement Ebri]]" 175973 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Clement David Ebri''' (jibinaa ko 11 Duujal 1952) ko politikaajo Naajeeriya, cuɓaaɗo e dow laylaytol NRC ngam wonde Guwerneer Cross River State, [[Naajeeriya]] hakkunde lewru Yarkomaa 1992 e 17 Noowammbar 1993 e sahaa Republique Tataɓo Naajeeriya, o yalti laamu caggal kuudetaa konu nguu addani Seneraal [[Sani Abacha]] laamu. Ko o balloowo tiiɗɗo Seneraal [[Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida|Ibraahiima Babangida]], puɗɗinooɗo republique tataɓo mo juutaani. == Ɓawo == Ebri jibinaa ko ñalnde 11 lewru Duujal hitaande 1952 to renndo Mkpani to nokku laamu Yakurr, to diiwaan Cross River. O janngi to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Sacred Heart, to Aba, to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde renndo (COSGRAMS), to Ugep, e to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Naajeeriya, [[Nsukka|to Nsukka]] . Ko adii nde o naatata e politik, Ebri wonnoo ko gardiiɗo jaaynde Najeriya Chronicle e gardiiɗo Banke Mercantile Najeriya, e Banke Savannah Najeriya. Ko kanko woni hooreejo fedde Brecon Associates, fedde gollorde hakkunde gure e fedde Dimaron Nigeria == Fuɗɗoode golle politik == Ebri suɓaama e nder Asaambele doosgal leydi 1989, e hitaande 1991 o suɓaama guwerneer diiwaan Cross River e dow laylaytol renndo (Convention Nationale Republicain), o dogi o yalti e laamu nde Seneraal Sani Abacha ƴetti laamu e gardagol hooreejo diiwaan. O tawtoraama e wooteeji gardagol leydi (APP) e hitaande 1998 ngam wonde kanndidaa maɓɓe ngam suɓaade guwerneer diiwaan Cross River e wooteeji 1999 caggal nde o arti e demokaraasi, kono o woni ɗiɗaɓo. Ko kanko woni hooreejo Goomu ƴeewndo hooreejo leydi ngam ƴeewtaade doosɗe leydi 1999, baɗnooɗo ciimtol mum e hitaande 2001. Gooto e wasiyaaji goomu nguu, ɗi jaɓaaka, ko ustude manndaa hooreejo leydi e guwerneer e nder duuɓi 5 gooto. == Hooreejo fedde leƴƴi yahruɓe yeeso == E hitaande 2006, Ebri yalti e lannda leƴƴi Naajeeriya (ANPP) ngam wontude tergal sosngal fedde leƴƴi yahruɓe yeeso (PPA), wonti hooreejo leydi ndii. E lewru mee 2006 Ebri eeriima laamu fedde ndee nde waylata Komisariyaa ngenndiijo wooteeji (INEC) ngam tabitinde wooteeji laaɓtuɗi e nuunɗal e hitaande 2007. Caggal wooteeji 2007, o ardii lannda kaa e nder laamu ngootaagu ngenndi (GNU) e les njiimaandi hooreejo leydi [[Umaru Musa Yar'Adua|Umaduare re Yamar]] ummii. O wiyi PPA ronkaani naatde e GNU, kono o wiyi "min cikki ko min poti kadi wallitde ngam dartinde politik, e ɓeydude nafoore laamu." E lewru feebariyee 2009 o yetti kuulal Ñaawirde Appeal to Port Harcourt, diiwaan Rivers ngal, ngal woppi kuulal Ñaawirde Toownde diiwaan Abia ngam lomtaade Theodore Orji mo PPA e guwerneer Onyema Ugochukwu mo PDP. [1] E lewru abriil 2009 o ñaagii INEC nde anndinta ko yaawi njeñtudi wooteeji ɓeydooji e nder diiwaan Ekiti, o noddi kadi polis yo woppu ƴeewooɓe wooteeji nanngaaɓe e golle mum en e nder wooteeji ɗii. [2] E lewru ut 2009, yontereeji ɗiɗi caggal nde guwerneer diiwaan Imo , Ikedi Ohakim, yalti e lannda PPA, fayti e lannda PDP, Ebri woppi laamu PPA, o yalti lannda ka, o wiyi o woppii politik. [3] == Ƴeew kadi == * Doggol guwerneeruuji diiwaan Cross River == Tuugnorgal == [[Category:Yimɓe wuurɓe]] tsptqrq7s7sxisr70jwh6fta1fxea08 175974 175973 2026-06-23T10:31:48Z Sardeeq 14292 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1345902731|Clement Ebri]]" 175974 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Clement David Ebri''' (jibinaa ko 11 Duujal 1952) ko politikaajo Naajeeriya, cuɓaaɗo e dow laylaytol NRC ngam wonde Guwerneer Cross River State, [[Naajeeriya]] hakkunde lewru Yarkomaa 1992 e 17 Noowammbar 1993 e sahaa Republique Tataɓo Naajeeriya, o yalti laamu caggal kuudetaa konu nguu addani Seneraal [[Sani Abacha]] laamu. Ko o balloowo tiiɗɗo Seneraal [[Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida|Ibraahiima Babangida]], puɗɗinooɗo republique tataɓo mo juutaani. <ref>Nigerian States". WorldStatesmen. Retrieved 2010-03-23.</ref><ref>Jonathan Elendu (1 October 2006). "Abiola would not have lasted 90 days...IBB". Elundu Reports. Retrieved 2010-03-23.</ref> == Ɓawo == Ebri jibinaa ko ñalnde 11 lewru Duujal hitaande 1952 to renndo Mkpani to nokku laamu Yakurr, to diiwaan Cross River. O janngi to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Sacred Heart, to Aba, to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde renndo (COSGRAMS), to Ugep, e to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Naajeeriya, [[Nsukka|to Nsukka]] . Ko adii nde o naatata e politik, Ebri wonnoo ko gardiiɗo jaaynde Najeriya Chronicle e gardiiɗo Banke Mercantile Najeriya, e Banke Savannah Najeriya. Ko kanko woni hooreejo fedde Brecon Associates, fedde gollorde hakkunde gure e fedde Dimaron Nigeria == Fuɗɗoode golle politik == Ebri suɓaama e nder Asaambele doosgal leydi 1989, e hitaande 1991 o suɓaama guwerneer diiwaan Cross River e dow laylaytol renndo (Convention Nationale Republicain), o dogi o yalti e laamu nde Seneraal Sani Abacha ƴetti laamu e gardagol hooreejo diiwaan. O tawtoraama e wooteeji gardagol leydi (APP) e hitaande 1998 ngam wonde kanndidaa maɓɓe ngam suɓaade guwerneer diiwaan Cross River e wooteeji 1999 caggal nde o arti e demokaraasi, kono o woni ɗiɗaɓo. Ko kanko woni hooreejo Goomu ƴeewndo hooreejo leydi ngam ƴeewtaade doosɗe leydi 1999, baɗnooɗo ciimtol mum e hitaande 2001. Gooto e wasiyaaji goomu nguu, ɗi jaɓaaka, ko ustude manndaa hooreejo leydi e guwerneer e nder duuɓi 5 gooto. == Hooreejo fedde leƴƴi yahruɓe yeeso == E hitaande 2006, Ebri yalti e lannda leƴƴi Naajeeriya (ANPP) ngam wontude tergal sosngal fedde leƴƴi yahruɓe yeeso (PPA), wonti hooreejo leydi ndii. E lewru mee 2006 Ebri eeriima laamu fedde ndee nde waylata Komisariyaa ngenndiijo wooteeji (INEC) ngam tabitinde wooteeji laaɓtuɗi e nuunɗal e hitaande 2007. Caggal wooteeji 2007, o ardii lannda kaa e nder laamu ngootaagu ngenndi (GNU) e les njiimaandi hooreejo leydi [[Umaru Musa Yar'Adua|Umaduare re Yamar]] ummii. O wiyi PPA ronkaani naatde e GNU, kono o wiyi "min cikki ko min poti kadi wallitde ngam dartinde politik, e ɓeydude nafoore laamu." E lewru feebariyee 2009 o yetti kuulal Ñaawirde Appeal to Port Harcourt, diiwaan Rivers ngal, ngal woppi kuulal Ñaawirde Toownde diiwaan Abia ngam lomtaade Theodore Orji mo PPA e guwerneer Onyema Ugochukwu mo PDP. [1] E lewru abriil 2009 o ñaagii INEC nde anndinta ko yaawi njeñtudi wooteeji ɓeydooji e nder diiwaan Ekiti, o noddi kadi polis yo woppu ƴeewooɓe wooteeji nanngaaɓe e golle mum en e nder wooteeji ɗii. [2] E lewru ut 2009, yontereeji ɗiɗi caggal nde guwerneer diiwaan Imo , Ikedi Ohakim, yalti e lannda PPA, fayti e lannda PDP, Ebri woppi laamu PPA, o yalti lannda ka, o wiyi o woppii politik. [3] == Ƴeew kadi == * Doggol guwerneeruuji diiwaan Cross River == Tuugnorgal == [[Category:Yimɓe wuurɓe]] g3un95p5d2iu6g3krfq00qv0a7ej0az 175975 175974 2026-06-23T10:32:24Z Sardeeq 14292 175975 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Clement David Ebri''' (jibinaa ko 11 Duujal 1952) ko politikaajo Naajeeriya, cuɓaaɗo e dow laylaytol NRC ngam wonde Guwerneer Cross River State, [[Naajeeriya]] hakkunde lewru Yarkomaa 1992 e 17 Noowammbar 1993 e sahaa Republique Tataɓo Naajeeriya, o yalti laamu caggal kuudetaa konu nguu addani Seneraal [[Sani Abacha]] laamu. Ko o balloowo tiiɗɗo Seneraal [[Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida|Ibraahiima Babangida]], puɗɗinooɗo republique tataɓo mo juutaani. <ref>Nigerian States". WorldStatesmen. Retrieved 2010-03-23.</ref><ref>Jonathan Elendu (1 October 2006). "Abiola would not have lasted 90 days...IBB". Elundu Reports. Retrieved 2010-03-23.</ref> == Ɓawo == Ebri jibinaa ko ñalnde 11 lewru Duujal hitaande 1952 to renndo Mkpani to nokku laamu Yakurr, to diiwaan Cross River. O janngi to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Sacred Heart, to Aba, to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde renndo (COSGRAMS), to Ugep, e to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Naajeeriya, [[Nsukka|to Nsukka]] . Ko adii nde o naatata e politik, Ebri wonnoo ko gardiiɗo jaaynde Najeriya Chronicle e gardiiɗo Banke Mercantile Najeriya, e Banke Savannah Najeriya. Ko kanko woni hooreejo fedde Brecon Associates, fedde gollorde hakkunde gure e fedde Dimaron Nigeria == Fuɗɗoode golle politik == Ebri suɓaama e nder Asaambele doosgal leydi 1989, e hitaande 1991 o suɓaama guwerneer diiwaan Cross River e dow laylaytol renndo (Convention Nationale Republicain), o dogi o yalti e laamu nde Seneraal Sani Abacha ƴetti laamu e gardagol hooreejo diiwaan. O tawtoraama e wooteeji gardagol leydi (APP) e hitaande 1998 ngam wonde kanndidaa maɓɓe ngam suɓaade guwerneer diiwaan Cross River e wooteeji 1999 caggal nde o arti e demokaraasi, kono o woni ɗiɗaɓo. Ko kanko woni hooreejo Goomu ƴeewndo hooreejo leydi ngam ƴeewtaade doosɗe leydi 1999, baɗnooɗo ciimtol mum e hitaande 2001. Gooto e wasiyaaji goomu nguu, ɗi jaɓaaka, ko ustude manndaa hooreejo leydi e guwerneer e nder duuɓi 5 gooto. == Hooreejo fedde leƴƴi yahruɓe yeeso == E hitaande 2006, Ebri yalti e lannda leƴƴi Naajeeriya (ANPP) ngam wontude tergal sosngal fedde leƴƴi yahruɓe yeeso (PPA), wonti hooreejo leydi ndii. E lewru mee 2006 Ebri eeriima laamu fedde ndee nde waylata Komisariyaa ngenndiijo wooteeji (INEC) ngam tabitinde wooteeji laaɓtuɗi e nuunɗal e hitaande 2007. Caggal wooteeji 2007, o ardii lannda kaa e nder laamu ngootaagu ngenndi (GNU) e les njiimaandi hooreejo leydi [[Umaru Musa Yar'Adua|Umaduare re Yamar]] ummii. O wiyi PPA ronkaani naatde e GNU, kono o wiyi "min cikki ko min poti kadi wallitde ngam dartinde politik, e ɓeydude nafoore laamu." E lewru feebariyee 2009 o yetti kuulal Ñaawirde Appeal to Port Harcourt, diiwaan Rivers ngal, ngal woppi kuulal Ñaawirde Toownde diiwaan Abia ngam lomtaade Theodore Orji mo PPA e guwerneer Onyema Ugochukwu mo PDP. [1] E lewru abriil 2009 o ñaagii INEC nde anndinta ko yaawi njeñtudi wooteeji ɓeydooji e nder diiwaan Ekiti, o noddi kadi polis yo woppu ƴeewooɓe wooteeji nanngaaɓe e golle mum en e nder wooteeji ɗii. [2] E lewru ut 2009, yontereeji ɗiɗi caggal nde guwerneer diiwaan Imo , Ikedi Ohakim, yalti e lannda PPA, fayti e lannda PDP, Ebri woppi laamu PPA, o yalti lannda ka, o wiyi o woppii politik. [3] == Ƴeew kadi == * Doggol guwerneeruuji diiwaan Cross River == Tuugnorgal == [[Category:Yimɓe wuurɓe]] 5x09dtk9iondk8yp9z2dzyti25knxln 0 42466 175977 2026-06-23T10:38:18Z Isa Oumar 9821 Created page with "'''Christopher Oghenebrorie''' Okotie (jibinaa ko 16 lewru juko hitaande 1958) ko teleeji leydi Najeriya, kadi ko pastoor e nder fedde Eklesiyaaji Alla, fedde Pentekostaal to Lagos gila lewru feebariyee 1987. == Nguurndam neɗɗo == Okotie jibinaa ko Farayse Idje e Sesiliya Okotie, to Ecoppi-Hirnaange, to diiwaan Delta (ndeen diiwaan Bendel). Nde o woni cukalel mawngel, omo yiɗi yimde. Nde o woni e duɗal hakkundeewal to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Edo, to wuro Benin, o j..." 175977 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Christopher Oghenebrorie''' Okotie (jibinaa ko 16 lewru juko hitaande 1958) ko teleeji leydi Najeriya, kadi ko pastoor e nder fedde Eklesiyaaji Alla, fedde Pentekostaal to Lagos gila lewru feebariyee 1987. == Nguurndam neɗɗo == Okotie jibinaa ko Farayse Idje e Sesiliya Okotie, to Ecoppi-Hirnaange, to diiwaan Delta (ndeen diiwaan Bendel). Nde o woni cukalel mawngel, omo yiɗi yimde. Nde o woni e duɗal hakkundeewal to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Edo, to wuro Benin, o jeyaa ko e fedde wiyeteende Music Club duɗal ngal, omo heewi weltinde pelle yimɓe. O meeɗaa miijaade yeeyde doole makko haa hitaande makko adannde e duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde, nde baaba makko sankii. Ko o yiɗi waɗde ko dogdu, karallaagal e jimɗi. == Jaŋde e golle == O janngi duɗal hakkundeewal to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Edo, to wuro Benin. E hitaande 1984, o heɓi bak makko ko faati e sariya to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Nijeer to Nsukka. Okotie acci jaŋde mum ko juuti ngam jokkude golle mum e nder jimɗi pop hade mum wartaade ɗoon e ɗoon.<ref name="Adeniji">{{cite news|last=Adeniji|first=Olayiwola|title=For Dizzy K, a Centre of Joy|work=Africa News Service|date=2002-04-26}}</ref>Okotie resii laabi ɗiɗi, o hollitii o seerti e debbo makko ɗiɗaɓo ñalnde 24 lewru nduu hitaande 2012. O arti e duɗal ngam timminde jaŋde makko, o heɓi seedantaagal sariya. Nde o woni e jaŋde sariya o taƴi jaŋde makko kadi ngam fuɗɗaade golle makko diine. Okotie janngi Duɗal Bibel Grace Fellowship to Tulsa, Oklahoma, nden, ɓaawo man, o sosi Kuugal Suudu Allah. E hitaande 1990, Okotie sosi hitaande kala njeenaari Karis Awards, ndi eklesiya makko yuɓɓinta, ngam anndude e yoɓde ɓiɓɓe leydi Naajeeriya e kaalis.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Amos|first=Kobor|date=2018-12-15|title=Okotie’s church celebrates Grace 2018 tomorrow|url=https://guardian.ng/news/okoties-church-celebrates-grace-2018-tomorrow/|access-date=2026-06-18|website=The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News|language=en-GB}}</ref> == Virus Koronaawiris == Nde laamu lesdi Naajeeriya anndini udditugo ekklessiyaaji nder lewru Ogost 2020 amma waɗi ɗum doole ngam terɗe maako waɗa maskji nofru maɓɓe malla limce yeeso, Pastor Okotie ɗon ƴama miijo huuwtinirgo limce yeeso ngam wi'ugo ɗum laatoto waylugo limce ɗe ɗon ƴaɓɓoo nyande Christre crea men and therefo. == Porogaraam moƴƴere/Njeenaari Karis == Porogaraam GRACE/ Karis Award ko kewu ballal ngu waɗata hitaande kala e nder ekkol ɗo o woni pastoor; Suudu Allah Jaagorgal lesdi, Lagos. Filosof ardotooɗo oo ko wonde mawngu wonaa e wonde mawɗo kono ko e waawde waɗde woɗɓe mawɓe. Njeenaari Karis hokkata njeenaari, nden boo hokkata ceede Naajeeriya’en ɓe hokkata kuugal cemmbiɗngal ngam lesdi ndi’i, ammaa ɓe anndaaka, ɓe yoɓaaka ngam darnde maɓɓe nder mahdi lesdi ndi’i. Won e keɓooɓe ɗum ko, Professeur Chike Obi, ganndo hiisiwal (1996), D.I.G. Chris Omeben, polis pentiiɗo (1997), Mr. Taiwo Akinwunmi peewnuɗo lefol ngenndi ngol (1998), Hogan Bassey, gonnooɗo kaɓantooɗo boksi e nder leyɗeele dentuɗe Amerik e winndere ndee (1999), mawɗo Michael Imodou, hooreejo golle (2000), mawɗo Margaret Ekpo, kaɓoowo ngenndiijo, 2001). ngenndiyanke (2004) e Ishaq Adaka Boro, daraniiɗo jojjanɗe aadee (2005).<ref>{{Cite news|last=Writer|first=Guest|date=2017-01-05|title=Karis and award integrity|url=https://www.thecable.ng/karis-award-integrity/|access-date=2024-06-26|newspaper=[[TheCable]]|language=en-US}}</ref> Porogaraam GRACE kadi ina waɗa ballal kaalis e kaɓirɗe ngam wallitde pelle ballitooje ko wayi no SOS Children Village, Sunshine Foundation, Duɗal Pacelli ngam wumɓe e yi’ooɓe seeɗa e sukaaɓe sukaaɓe tokosɓe, Fedde toppitiinde ko fayti e ñawuuji ɓalli leydi Najeriya, e The Childcare Trust.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Writer|first=Guest|date=2017-01-05|title=Karis and award integrity|url=https://www.thecable.ng/karis-award-integrity/|access-date=2024-06-26|newspaper=[[TheCable]]|language=en-US}}</ref> == Risku == E hitaande 2011, jaaynde Forbes hollitii wonde ngalu makko ina tolnoo e miliyoŋaaji 3 haa 10 dolaar Amerik.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/mfonobongnsehe/2011/06/07/the-five-richest-pastors-in-nigeria/2/|title=The Five Richest Pastors In Nigeria|work=Forbes.com|date=2011-06-22|access-date=2015-10-05}}</ref> Doggol hooreejo leydi Okotie haali e batu jaayndeeji e hitaande 2011, Lagos Okotie adii daranaade hooreejo leydi e les njiimaandi lannda Justice Party (JP), e gardagol Ralph Obiorah caggal nde o yaltinaa e wooteeji gardagol leydi (NDP) ; o fooli Olusegun Obasanjo e wooteeji lewru mee 2003. O dogi kadi e hitaande 2007 e dow laylaytol lannda mo o sosi, lannda Demokaraasi Keso, FRESH o fooli Umaru Yar'Adua e wooteeji lewru mee 2007. Ndeen e hitaande 2011, o dogi o fooli hooreejo leydi Goodluck Jonathan.<ref>{{usurped|[https://web.archive.org/web/20121217050341/http://nationalmirroronline.net/new/okotie-faults-inecs-justifi-cation-for-deregistration-of-parties/ "Okotie faults INEC's justification for deregistration of parties"]}}, ''[[National Mirror]]'', London, 14 December 2012. Retrieved on 14 December 2012.</ref> == Luural == Okotie waɗii ƴattooje e banndiiko diine Naajeeriya T.B. Yosuwe, ina siftina mo wonde ‘maagiyanke fenaande’.<ref>{{Cite news|title=TB Joshua was a deceptive magician who carried the bible — Chris Okotie|url=https://thenationonlineng.net/tb-joshua-was-a-deceptive-magician-who-carried-the-bible-chris-okotie/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|date=2021-08-10|newspaper=[[The Nation (Nigeria)|The Nation]]}}</ref> Binndanɗe Okotie yaltinii defte, kadi ko o balloowo e jaayndeeji keewɗi e nder leydi Najeriya. Deftere cakkitiinde (Deftere ɓurnde soodde, 2001) Hare kulɓiniinde ɓurnde hashtags Koolol geriatri E njiylawu wayluɓe pijirlooji Shift doole : ko janngooɓe am mbiyata Ko waɗi Yiytere 20:2020 wonti huunde majjunde Politik dowla e kuule annabaagal Adadevoh e ñawu Ebola A Laamu jokki e timing jaabawol snafu Ngolɗoo ňawannde hannde e jaŋde Rage dow villaleaks e woɗɓe Wakkati ngam waylude paradigm Laamu 2015: Yamiroore cuɓagol waylude paradigm Seppo ASUU : batte majjere politik Limde njoɓdi ŋakkeende kisal Bommbo waktuuji demokaraasi mo njiylotoɗen oo Heɓtude yaakaare Naajeeriya nde majji {{Databox}}Tuugnorgal p8x6dbk3gp87qttsbwarhl6espzzxkc 0 42467 175978 2026-06-23T10:41:34Z Sardeeq 14292 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1348312911|Saidu Barda]]" 175978 wikitext text/x-wiki Alhaji '''Sa'idu Barda''' ko siyaasaajo Naajeeriya mo suɓaama dow kawtal lesdi Naajeeriya (NRC) ngam o laato Gomnaajo [[Diiwal Katsína|lesdi Katsina]], [[Naajeeriya]], o jogi laamu hakkunde lewru Yarkomaa 1992 e lewru Noowammbar 1993 wakkati laamu Naajeeriya tataɓu . O woni e golle politik e nder leydi Najeriya . == Gomnaajo lesdi Katsina == E wooteeji lewru Duujal 1991 ngam suɓaade guwerneer diiwaan Katsina, Barda fooli Umaru Yar'Adua, kanndidaa lannda Sosiyaal Demokaraasi (SDP). Yar'Adua caggal mum yahi haa toɗɗaa hooreejo leydi e lewru abriil 2007. [1] Seneraal Shehu Yar'Adua, mawniiko gorko biyeteeɗo Seneraal Shehu Yar'Adua, e oon sahaa ko politik mawɗo, jogiiɗo yiɗde hooreejo leydi, waawaano rokkude ballal mum timmungal e ɗaɓɓaande Umaru. Barda ɓuri yiɗeede ko e hooreejo konu e oon sahaa, hono Seneraal Ibraahiima Babangida . [2] Barda timminii mahngo lowre farin to Katsina, fuɗɗii ko e hitaande 1981, kono caggal ɗuum woppi. E lewru suwee 1993, Barda sosi goomu ngam moƴƴinde jaŋde "ngam ƴeewtaade ŋakkeende jaŋde e nder duɗe ... e rokkude heen peeje." O waɗi kadi njuɓɓudi duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Othman Dan Fodio, ngal nganndu-ɗaa ko kañum woni duɗal jaaɓi-haaɗtirde lislaam gadanal e nder leydi Najeriya kono caggal ɗuum ngal woppitaa. Barda ina wallitnoo Babangida e ittude woote [[Moshood Abiola|MKO Abiola]] ñalnde 12 suwee 1993 ngam wonde hooreejo leydi, o wiyi "ƴiiƴam ina ilna e tolno mo meeɗaa yiyeede" so ittude ɗum ina foti wayleede. Hareeji politik jowitiiɗi e ustude laamu nguu, ngaddi kuudetaa mo Seneraal [[Sani Abacha]] heɓi laamu e lewru noowammbar 1993, nde guwerneeruuji cuɓaaɗi ɗii fof ndartinaa. == Caggal ɗuum golle politik == Barda ɗon mari bawɗe nder siyaasaaku nder lesdi Naajeeriya, o laati hooreejo lanyol yimɓe lesdi Naajeeriya (UNPP). E lewru Yarkomaa 2003, nde o woni hooreejo batu gadano UNPP, Barda hollitii wonde senaateer [[Jim Nwobodo|Jim Ifeanyichukwu Nwobodo]] maa won kanndidaa lannda ka e wooteeji hooreleydaagu e lewru abriil 2003. E lewru mee 2003, Barda wonnoo ko tergal e fedde diisnondiral Arewa, fedde ardiiɓe politik Fuɗnaange. E lewru Oktoobar 2009, Barda wonnoo ko e batu ɗo gonnooɗo laamɗo konu [[Muhammadu Buhari]] habri sosde fedde politik hesere, wiyeteende Diɗɗal Demokaraasi Ngenndiwal. E hitaande 2010, Barda wonnoo ko cukko hooreejo fedde diisnondiral Arewa. == Tuugnorgal == [[Category:Yimɓe wuurɓe]] hfdz5i5j315iqdxxivsuktrab0y3h0i 175979 175978 2026-06-23T10:42:28Z Sardeeq 14292 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1348312911|Saidu Barda]]" 175979 wikitext text/x-wiki Alhaji '''Sa'idu Barda''' ko siyaasaajo Naajeeriya mo suɓaama dow kawtal lesdi Naajeeriya (NRC) ngam o laato Gomnaajo [[Diiwal Katsína|lesdi Katsina]], [[Naajeeriya]], o jogi laamu hakkunde lewru Yarkomaa 1992 e lewru Noowammbar 1993 wakkati laamu Naajeeriya tataɓu . O woni e golle politik e nder leydi Najeriya . <ref>TIMOTHY OLA (March 9, 2010). "Missing President: Is Turai really to blame?". The Sun. Lagos, Nigeria. Retrieved April 30, 2010.[permanent dead link]</ref> == Gomnaajo lesdi Katsina == E wooteeji lewru Duujal 1991 ngam suɓaade guwerneer diiwaan Katsina, Barda fooli Umaru Yar'Adua, kanndidaa lannda Sosiyaal Demokaraasi (SDP). Yar'Adua caggal mum yahi haa toɗɗaa hooreejo leydi e lewru abriil 2007. [1] Seneraal Shehu Yar'Adua, mawniiko gorko biyeteeɗo Seneraal Shehu Yar'Adua, e oon sahaa ko politik mawɗo, jogiiɗo yiɗde hooreejo leydi, waawaano rokkude ballal mum timmungal e ɗaɓɓaande Umaru. Barda ɓuri yiɗeede ko e hooreejo konu e oon sahaa, hono Seneraal Ibraahiima Babangida . [2] Barda timminii mahngo lowre farin to Katsina, fuɗɗii ko e hitaande 1981, kono caggal ɗuum woppi. E lewru suwee 1993, Barda sosi goomu ngam moƴƴinde jaŋde "ngam ƴeewtaade ŋakkeende jaŋde e nder duɗe ... e rokkude heen peeje." O waɗi kadi njuɓɓudi duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Othman Dan Fodio, ngal nganndu-ɗaa ko kañum woni duɗal jaaɓi-haaɗtirde lislaam gadanal e nder leydi Najeriya kono caggal ɗuum ngal woppitaa. Barda ina wallitnoo Babangida e ittude woote [[Moshood Abiola|MKO Abiola]] ñalnde 12 suwee 1993 ngam wonde hooreejo leydi, o wiyi "ƴiiƴam ina ilna e tolno mo meeɗaa yiyeede" so ittude ɗum ina foti wayleede. Hareeji politik jowitiiɗi e ustude laamu nguu, ngaddi kuudetaa mo Seneraal [[Sani Abacha]] heɓi laamu e lewru noowammbar 1993, nde guwerneeruuji cuɓaaɗi ɗii fof ndartinaa. == Caggal ɗuum golle politik == Barda ɗon mari bawɗe nder siyaasaaku nder lesdi Naajeeriya, o laati hooreejo lanyol yimɓe lesdi Naajeeriya (UNPP). E lewru Yarkomaa 2003, nde o woni hooreejo batu gadano UNPP, Barda hollitii wonde senaateer [[Jim Nwobodo|Jim Ifeanyichukwu Nwobodo]] maa won kanndidaa lannda ka e wooteeji hooreleydaagu e lewru abriil 2003. E lewru mee 2003, Barda wonnoo ko tergal e fedde diisnondiral Arewa, fedde ardiiɓe politik Fuɗnaange. E lewru Oktoobar 2009, Barda wonnoo ko e batu ɗo gonnooɗo laamɗo konu [[Muhammadu Buhari]] habri sosde fedde politik hesere, wiyeteende Diɗɗal Demokaraasi Ngenndiwal. E hitaande 2010, Barda wonnoo ko cukko hooreejo fedde diisnondiral Arewa. == Tuugnorgal == [[Category:Yimɓe wuurɓe]] 3ma500978x0khqkhe1x47gdxusfjmn0 175980 175979 2026-06-23T10:43:47Z Sardeeq 14292 175980 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Alhaji '''Sa'idu Barda''' ko siyaasaajo Naajeeriya mo suɓaama dow kawtal lesdi Naajeeriya (NRC) ngam o laato Gomnaajo [[Diiwal Katsína|lesdi Katsina]], [[Naajeeriya]], o jogi laamu hakkunde lewru Yarkomaa 1992 e lewru Noowammbar 1993 wakkati laamu Naajeeriya tataɓu . O woni e golle politik e nder leydi Najeriya . <ref>TIMOTHY OLA (March 9, 2010). "Missing President: Is Turai really to blame?". The Sun. Lagos, Nigeria. Retrieved April 30, 2010.[permanent dead link]</ref> == Gomnaajo lesdi Katsina == E wooteeji lewru Duujal 1991 ngam suɓaade guwerneer diiwaan Katsina, Barda fooli Umaru Yar'Adua, kanndidaa lannda Sosiyaal Demokaraasi (SDP). Yar'Adua caggal mum yahi haa toɗɗaa hooreejo leydi e lewru abriil 2007. [1] Seneraal Shehu Yar'Adua, mawniiko gorko biyeteeɗo Seneraal Shehu Yar'Adua, e oon sahaa ko politik mawɗo, jogiiɗo yiɗde hooreejo leydi, waawaano rokkude ballal mum timmungal e ɗaɓɓaande Umaru. Barda ɓuri yiɗeede ko e hooreejo konu e oon sahaa, hono Seneraal Ibraahiima Babangida . [2] Barda timminii mahngo lowre farin to Katsina, fuɗɗii ko e hitaande 1981, kono caggal ɗuum woppi. E lewru suwee 1993, Barda sosi goomu ngam moƴƴinde jaŋde "ngam ƴeewtaade ŋakkeende jaŋde e nder duɗe ... e rokkude heen peeje." O waɗi kadi njuɓɓudi duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Othman Dan Fodio, ngal nganndu-ɗaa ko kañum woni duɗal jaaɓi-haaɗtirde lislaam gadanal e nder leydi Najeriya kono caggal ɗuum ngal woppitaa. Barda ina wallitnoo Babangida e ittude woote [[Moshood Abiola|MKO Abiola]] ñalnde 12 suwee 1993 ngam wonde hooreejo leydi, o wiyi "ƴiiƴam ina ilna e tolno mo meeɗaa yiyeede" so ittude ɗum ina foti wayleede. Hareeji politik jowitiiɗi e ustude laamu nguu, ngaddi kuudetaa mo Seneraal [[Sani Abacha]] heɓi laamu e lewru noowammbar 1993, nde guwerneeruuji cuɓaaɗi ɗii fof ndartinaa. == Caggal ɗuum golle politik == Barda ɗon mari bawɗe nder siyaasaaku nder lesdi Naajeeriya, o laati hooreejo lanyol yimɓe lesdi Naajeeriya (UNPP). E lewru Yarkomaa 2003, nde o woni hooreejo batu gadano UNPP, Barda hollitii wonde senaateer [[Jim Nwobodo|Jim Ifeanyichukwu Nwobodo]] maa won kanndidaa lannda ka e wooteeji hooreleydaagu e lewru abriil 2003. E lewru mee 2003, Barda wonnoo ko tergal e fedde diisnondiral Arewa, fedde ardiiɓe politik Fuɗnaange. E lewru Oktoobar 2009, Barda wonnoo ko e batu ɗo gonnooɗo laamɗo konu [[Muhammadu Buhari]] habri sosde fedde politik hesere, wiyeteende Diɗɗal Demokaraasi Ngenndiwal. E hitaande 2010, Barda wonnoo ko cukko hooreejo fedde diisnondiral Arewa. == Tuugnorgal == [[Category:Yimɓe wuurɓe]] 1jsg7ojb02c29jea0lb4518rh8aluu4 0 42468 175981 2026-06-23T10:51:46Z Isa Oumar 9821 Created page with "former" 175981 wikitext text/x-wiki former 86mnionfdxzt8t7hqrlsh8fzr1ki82y 0 42469 175982 2026-06-23T10:51:58Z Isa Oumar 9821 Created page with "'''Ibraahiima Mahmuud Alfa''' (14 ut 1942 – 16 mars 2000) ko gardiiɗo konu weeyo leydi Nijeer. O woniino ardiiɗo konu leydi Kaduna e hooreejo konu leydi Naajeeriya. O sankii ko ñalnde 16 marse 2000.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.nigerianairforce.net/PastChiefs/AirMarshalIMAlfa.aspx|title=Home Appliances World}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.nigerianairforce.net/PastChiefs/AirMarshalIMAlfa.aspx|title=Home Appliances World}}</ref> == Nguurndam gadano == O jibi..." 175982 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ibraahiima Mahmuud Alfa''' (14 ut 1942 – 16 mars 2000) ko gardiiɗo konu weeyo leydi Nijeer. O woniino ardiiɗo konu leydi Kaduna e hooreejo konu leydi Naajeeriya. O sankii ko ñalnde 16 marse 2000.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.nigerianairforce.net/PastChiefs/AirMarshalIMAlfa.aspx|title=Home Appliances World}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.nigerianairforce.net/PastChiefs/AirMarshalIMAlfa.aspx|title=Home Appliances World}}</ref> == Nguurndam gadano == O jibinaa ko to Garkida, to diiwaan Adamawa, o fuɗɗii jaŋde makko ko e duɗal leslesal hakkundeewal, Jimeta, Yola, e hitaande 1948, o yahi haa o timmini jaŋde makko leslesre e hakkundeere e hitaande 1960 to duɗal hakkundeewal Yola, caggal ɗuum o anndiraa duɗal hakkundeewal diiwaan. Caggal nde o heɓi bak makko, o winnditii e duɗal makko toowngal (HSC) to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde [[Barewa, Zaria]], ngal o timmini e hitaande 1962.<ref>{{cite book|last=Osso|first=Nyaknno|title=Who's who in Nigeria|publisher=Newswatch|year=1990|pages=140}}</ref> == Golle konu == Ibrahim Alfa jeyaa ko e setuuji ofiseeji cadet en ardinooɓe naatɓe e konu aeroportu Nijeer e lewru suwee 1963. Ñalnde 28 ut 1963, o nawtaa, kanko e ekipaaji 83 Nijeernaaɓe woɗɓe, to Uetersen, Almaañ, ngam heblo konu Basic e Advance. O woniino to Almaañ haa ñalnde 21 lewru juko hitaande 1966, nde o noddiraa galle makko e kippu nguu, o waɗtaa e konu weeyo leydi Nijeer e darnde lietnaa ɗiɗaɓo. E fuɗɗoode wolde hakkunde leyɗeele, o ardii konu NAF to wuro Benin.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.nigerianairforce.net/PastChiefs/AirMarshalIMAlfa.aspx|title=Home Appliances World}}</ref> E hitaande 1967, Alfa tawtoraama Kursus Waylude e MIG 15 e 17 to URSS. O heɓi darnde kapiteen e hitaande 1969. E hitaande 1970 o toɗɗaama hooreejo leydi Naajeeriya (NAF) to Kano.<ref>{{cite book|last=Osso|first=Nyaknno|title=Who's who in Nigeria|publisher=Newswatch|year=1990|pages=140}}</ref> E hitaande 1972 o artiraa e darnde Major. Tuggi lewru desaambar 1972 haa lewru ut 1973, Ibraahiima Alfa winnditii e kursus jannginoowo pilot T-38 to nokku biyeteeɗo Lockheed e Randolph, to Amerik. E hitaande 1973 o toɗɗaa ofisee Kumannda 64 e nder leydi Najeriya.[2] E lewru noowammbar 1974 o tawtoraama kursus waylude MiG 21 rewi heen ko ƴeewndo jooɗorde caggal to URSS. E hitaande 1975 o artiraa e Kumaandaa Wing. O toɗɗaa ko tergal e Diiso Toowngo Konu hakkunde 1976 e 1978, o jeyaa ko e terɗe mayre tokoose jogiiɗe darnde Komanda Wing. E nder oon sahaa, o naati duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Advanced Staff, l, Angalteer. E hitaande 1978 Alfa ƴettaa e darnde Groupe-Captain kadi o toɗɗaa kadi e gardagol konu leydi Kaduna e juuɗe hooreejo leydi ndii e oon sahaa, Seneraal Olusegun Obasanjo, ɗo o ƴetti kadi golle Kumannda, fedde heblo leydi to Kaduna.<ref>{{cite book|last=Uwechue|first=Ralph|title=Africa Who's who|publisher=Africa Journal Limited|year=1991|pages=153}}</ref> E lewru suwee 1980, o winnditii to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde konu weeyo to nokku biyeteeɗo Maxwell, to Montgomery, to Amerik. Nde o arti e duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde konu weeyo e hitaande 1981, Ibraahiima Alfa toɗɗaa e golle ofiseeji weeyo (AOO), e darnde Commodore weeyo. E hitaande 1982, o naati duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde hakkunde leyɗeele to Lagos, to leydi Nijeer. E hitaande 1983 Alfa artiraa e darnde cukko marshal aeroport.<ref>{{cite book|last=Uwechue|first=Ralph|title=Africa Who's who|publisher=Africa Journal Limited|year=1991|pages=153}}</ref> Ñalnde 1 Yarkomaa 1984, o waɗaama hooreejo konu weeyo jeetaɓo e laamu Seneraal Muhammadu Buhari. Caggal nde Seneraal Ibraahiima Babangida heɓi laamu e lewru ut 1985, o jokki Alfa e wonde hooreejo konu weeyo. Ñalnde 1 oktoobar 1987, Ibraahiima Mahmud Alfa toɗɗaa e darnde Air Marshal, woni ofisee gadano e nder konu weeyo leydi Nijeer meeɗnooɗo heɓde darnde ndee. Alfa woppi konu leydi Naajeeriya, o woni hooreejo konu leydi Naajeeriya e hitaande 1990. Ibrahim Mahmud Alfa kadi wonnoo tergal e diiso toowngo konu gila 1984 haa 1985, e diiso laamu doole kisal (AFRC) 1985-90 kam e hooreejo goomu ngenndiwal mbayliigu e hitaande 1990.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.nigerianairforce.net/PastChiefs/AirMarshalIMAlfa.aspx|title=Home Appliances World}}</ref> == Njuɓɓudi konu leydi Kaduna == E lewru sulyee 1978, Alfa toɗɗaa Administrateur militaire (darnde nde jooni ina wiyee Guwerneer) e nder diiwaan Kaduna, darnde nde o joginoo haa e lewru oktoobar 1979. Mawɗo konu weeyo, konu weeyo leydi Najeriya Alfa toɗɗaama hooreejo konu aeroportu, konu aeroportu lesdi Naajeeriya, les laamu Seneraal Muhammadu Buhari nyande 1 lewru Yarkoma hitaande 1984. O jokki hooreejo konu aeroportu wakkati laamu Seneraal [[Ibrahim Babangida]] haa hitaande 1990. == Nguurndam neɗɗo == Ibraahiima Alfa resi Laraba, ɓe ndañi ɓiɓɓe tato worɓe e ɓiɗɗo debbo gooto.'''<ref>{{cite book|last=Uwechue|first=Ralph|title=Africa Who's who|publisher=Africa Journal Limited|year=1991|pages=153}}</ref><ref name="Vice">{{cite web|title=Ibrahim Alfa: Buddhist Jailbird, Former Techno Star and Son of an African Dictator's Sidekick (Part 1)|date=29 July 2014|url=https://www.vice.com/en/article/ibrahim-alfa-interview-part-one/|publisher=VICE|access-date=17 February 2025}}</ref>''' == Njeenaaje == Marshal Alfa (Rtd.) heɓi njeenaaje e medayuuji keewɗi. E doggol alkule ɗe ina mbaɗi : Medaal golle ndeenka (DSM) Medaal golle ndeenka (Niiseer) Hoodere diwtunde teddunde (DFS) Medaaluuji golle tedduɗe (DSM)<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.nigerianairforce.net/PastChiefs/AirMarshalIMAlfa.aspx|title=Home Appliances World}}</ref> Medaal gollal kuuɓtodinngal (GSM) Medaal kuugal kuuɓtodinngal (Niiseer) Tergal Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe (MFR) Medaal gollal ngenndiwal (NSM) Medaal gollal ngenndiwal (Niiseer) Medaal leydi (RM) == Tuugnorgal == he8sz54c8o19sj3izy6vgvva0mjktls 0 42470 175984 2026-06-23T10:57:46Z Sardeeq 14292 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1360587594|Dahiru Mohammed]]" 175984 wikitext text/x-wiki Alhaji '''Dahiru Mohammed Deba''' (jibinaama hitaande 1942) ko siyaasaajo Naajeeriya, cuɓaaɗo guwerneer [[diiwal Bauchi]], [[Naajeeriya]] hakkunde lewru Yarkomaa 1992 e Noowammbar 1993 wakkati Republique Tataɓo Naajeeriya, o acci laamu ɓaawo kuudetaa konu ngu addani Seneraal [[Sani Abacha]] laamu. Deba jibinaa ko ñalnde 24 suwee 1942, to Deba, ndeen to diiwaan Bauchi, jooni to [[Diiwal Gombe|diiwaan Gombe]] . O rokkaama innde aadaaji Wazirin Deba. Dahiru suɓaama guwerneer e hitaande 1991 e dow laylaytol kawgel ngenndiwal (NRC). [1] Ko o waɗi e laamu guwerneer ko wayi no mahngo opitaaluuji, ina jeyaa heen opitaal mawɗo Alkaleri e nokkuuji cellal puɗɗiiɗi to Dambam, Zambuk, Bambam e Burra, e sosde opitaal gonɗo e Gombe. Laamu makko mahii oteluuji ɗiɗi kesi dowla to Jama'are e Ningi . O udditi kaalis 200 miliyoŋ Naira ngam wallitde jaŋde. Laamu makko taƴaa ko e noowammbar 1993 nde Seneraal Sani Abacha heɓti laamu. [2] Dahiru wondude e sehil mum ɓurɗo ɓadaade Mohammed Ibrahim Hassan, gonnooɗo jaagorgal ko feewti e miniraaji e doole e nder leydi ndii e kadi Baraden Gombe wonti ƴaañooɓe ɗiɗo e nder lannda Demokaraasi Naajeeriya (DPN), e nder leydi Gombe kesiri sosaa ndi kono caggal mum ɓe ndartiima sabu kollirgol won'de leydi ndi Go walla ambition. O walli [[Mohammed Danjuma Goje|Danjuma Goje]], mo caggal mum wonti guwerneer [[Diiwal Gombe|diiwaan Gombe]], e wooteeji senaateeruuji ɗi Abacha yuɓɓini e hitaande 1998, ɗi ndartinaa caggal maayde Abacha. == Tuugnorgal == [[Category:Yimɓe wuurɓe]] n0vdubxzg3g2rlkt2s9lvg3ly4jsmr0 175985 175984 2026-06-23T10:59:53Z Sardeeq 14292 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1360587594|Dahiru Mohammed]]" 175985 wikitext text/x-wiki Alhaji '''Dahiru Mohammed Deba''' (jibinaama hitaande 1942) ko siyaasaajo Naajeeriya, cuɓaaɗo guwerneer [[diiwal Bauchi]], [[Naajeeriya]] hakkunde lewru Yarkomaa 1992 e Noowammbar 1993 wakkati Republique Tataɓo Naajeeriya, o acci laamu ɓaawo kuudetaa konu ngu addani Seneraal [[Sani Abacha]] laamu. Deba jibinaa ko ñalnde 24 suwee 1942, to Deba, ndeen to diiwaan Bauchi, jooni to [[Diiwal Gombe|diiwaan Gombe]] . O rokkaama innde aadaaji Wazirin Deba. <ref>Nigerian States". WorldStatesmen. Retrieved 29 March 2010.</ref> Dahiru suɓaama guwerneer e hitaande 1991 e dow laylaytol kawgel ngenndiwal (NRC). [1] Ko o waɗi e laamu guwerneer ko wayi no mahngo opitaaluuji, ina jeyaa heen opitaal mawɗo Alkaleri e nokkuuji cellal puɗɗiiɗi to Dambam, Zambuk, Bambam e Burra, e sosde opitaal gonɗo e Gombe. Laamu makko mahii oteluuji ɗiɗi kesi dowla to Jama'are e Ningi . O udditi kaalis 200 miliyoŋ Naira ngam wallitde jaŋde. Laamu makko taƴaa ko e noowammbar 1993 nde Seneraal Sani Abacha heɓti laamu. [2] Dahiru wondude e sehil mum ɓurɗo ɓadaade Mohammed Ibrahim Hassan, gonnooɗo jaagorgal ko feewti e miniraaji e doole e nder leydi ndii e kadi Baraden Gombe wonti ƴaañooɓe ɗiɗo e nder lannda Demokaraasi Naajeeriya (DPN), e nder leydi Gombe kesiri sosaa ndi kono caggal mum ɓe ndartiima sabu kollirgol won'de leydi ndi Go walla ambition. O walli [[Mohammed Danjuma Goje|Danjuma Goje]], mo caggal mum wonti guwerneer [[Diiwal Gombe|diiwaan Gombe]], e wooteeji senaateeruuji ɗi Abacha yuɓɓini e hitaande 1998, ɗi ndartinaa caggal maayde Abacha. == Tuugnorgal == [[Category:Yimɓe wuurɓe]] hcdf36t548ifa83046ksvng6he0ucrt 175986 175985 2026-06-23T11:00:21Z Sardeeq 14292 175986 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Alhaji '''Dahiru Mohammed Deba''' (jibinaama hitaande 1942) ko siyaasaajo Naajeeriya, cuɓaaɗo guwerneer [[diiwal Bauchi]], [[Naajeeriya]] hakkunde lewru Yarkomaa 1992 e Noowammbar 1993 wakkati Republique Tataɓo Naajeeriya, o acci laamu ɓaawo kuudetaa konu ngu addani Seneraal [[Sani Abacha]] laamu. Deba jibinaa ko ñalnde 24 suwee 1942, to Deba, ndeen to diiwaan Bauchi, jooni to [[Diiwal Gombe|diiwaan Gombe]] . O rokkaama innde aadaaji Wazirin Deba. <ref>Nigerian States". WorldStatesmen. Retrieved 29 March 2010.</ref> Dahiru suɓaama guwerneer e hitaande 1991 e dow laylaytol kawgel ngenndiwal (NRC). [1] Ko o waɗi e laamu guwerneer ko wayi no mahngo opitaaluuji, ina jeyaa heen opitaal mawɗo Alkaleri e nokkuuji cellal puɗɗiiɗi to Dambam, Zambuk, Bambam e Burra, e sosde opitaal gonɗo e Gombe. Laamu makko mahii oteluuji ɗiɗi kesi dowla to Jama'are e Ningi . O udditi kaalis 200 miliyoŋ Naira ngam wallitde jaŋde. Laamu makko taƴaa ko e noowammbar 1993 nde Seneraal Sani Abacha heɓti laamu. [2] Dahiru wondude e sehil mum ɓurɗo ɓadaade Mohammed Ibrahim Hassan, gonnooɗo jaagorgal ko feewti e miniraaji e doole e nder leydi ndii e kadi Baraden Gombe wonti ƴaañooɓe ɗiɗo e nder lannda Demokaraasi Naajeeriya (DPN), e nder leydi Gombe kesiri sosaa ndi kono caggal mum ɓe ndartiima sabu kollirgol won'de leydi ndi Go walla ambition. O walli [[Mohammed Danjuma Goje|Danjuma Goje]], mo caggal mum wonti guwerneer [[Diiwal Gombe|diiwaan Gombe]], e wooteeji senaateeruuji ɗi Abacha yuɓɓini e hitaande 1998, ɗi ndartinaa caggal maayde Abacha. == Tuugnorgal == [[Category:Yimɓe wuurɓe]] iw2fn0c2mfexmxhbylioff26hbie2g0 0 42471 175987 2026-06-23T11:01:16Z Sardeeq 14292 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1345904675|Abubakar Saleh Michika]]" 175987 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Asmi_and_Nyako!.jpg|thumb|Noddaango korsa feewde e guwerneer [[Murtala Nyako]]]] [[File:Governor_Saleh_Michika.jpg|thumb|O, guwerneer Saleh Michika e njillu mum to leydi Kameruun e hitaande 1992.]] '''Abubakar Saleh Michika''' (1941 – 10 mars 2018) ko guwerneer siwil leydi Najeriya to [[Diiwal Aadamaawa|diiwaan Adamawa]], [[Naajeeriya|leydi Najeriya]] tuggi 2 lewru Yarkomaa 1992 haa 17 noowammbar 1993. O woniino tergal e fedde laamuyankoore ndeen (NRC). O golliima e Banke Angalteer to Afrik worgo e hitaande 1966, ndeen sosiyetee John Holt hade makko naatde e politik. O jibinaa ko Michika, laamorgo nokkuure laamu [[Michika]] (LGA), nder ko anndiraa hannde [[Diiwal Aadamaawa|diiwal Adamawa]] to woyla-fuunaange leydi Naajeeriya. O janngi duɗal makko leslesal e hakkundeewal to duɗal hakkundeewal Yola (hono hannde ko General Murtala Mohammed College Yola) o waɗi jaŋde makko caggal hakkundeere to Duɗal jaŋde Arab. O resii rewɓe nayo e sukaaɓe 38, sukaaɓe worɓe 17 e sukaaɓe rewɓe 21, taaniraaɓe 105, e taaniraaɓe nayo, kamɓe fof e rewɓe makko nayo ɓee ; Hajiya Daudu, Mairama, Aisha e Nana Saleh Michika jeyaaɓe to Tamanrasset, Aljeri. Saleh Michika waɗii ƴaañorgal nde o wiyi e hitaande 1992 wonde o jaɓat ummoraade e leydi hoɗdiiɓe mum to [[Kamerun|leydi Kameruun]] so tawii kuudetaa konu waɗii e leydi Nijeer. Duuɓi sappo e nay caggal ɗuum, o waɗii bayyinaango luulndiingo, wonde feere caɗeele njulaagu e laamu bonngu e nder leydi ndii, ko diarki, jillondirɗo e yimɓe militeer en e siwil en, tawa ina jogii hooreejo leydi militeer. Ko o pragmatist, hade wooteeji 1993 o salii hawrude e [[Bashir tofa|Bashir Tofa]], kanndidaa hooreejo leydi lannda makko NRC, kono o wallitii nde [[Moshood Abiola|MKO Abiola]], kanndidaa lannda Social Democratic (SDP) luulndiiɗo leydi ndii ari e dowla makko. Kono e lewru sulyee 1993, caggal nde laamu [[Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida|Ibraahiima Babangida]] woppi woote hooreleydaagu Abiola, o wiyi "ko heewi e ko miin e hoore am miɗo yiɗi Moshood Abiola no neɗɗo nii, miijo hooreejo leydi fuɗnaange ngo wonaa goonga". Won e eɓɓaaɗe teeŋtuɗe ɗe njuɓɓudi Saleh Michika yuɓɓini e fuɗɗorii ko Bajabure Housing Estate, sosde kolees Agric, Hong, nokkuuji Doktooruuji, naatgol WAEC mo alaa kaalis wonande almudɓe duɗe hakkundeeje e ko ɓuri teeŋtude ko Politeknik Dowla Yola ngam limtude heen seeɗa. Governor Saleh Michika ɗon mari ƴamol mawngol nder wakkati seɗɗa nde o woni guwerneer diiwal Adamawa, waɗi mo yiɗugo masin wakkati republique tataɓre nde o ruttini. E lewru Yarkomaa 2002, Michika siftinii terɗe Asaambele ngenndi ko jom en jawɗeele en ɓe o hormaaki, o jeertinii kadi wonde ina waawi waɗde kuudetaa konu goɗɗo. [1] E lewru Oktoobar 2002, Saleh Michika wonnoo ko ƴaañoowo tiiɗɗo ngam wonde kanndidaa lannda yimɓe leydi Nijeer (ANPP) ngam suɓaade guwerneer Adamawa. [2] E hitaande 2005, hooreejo leydi ndii, [[Olusegun Obasanjo|hono Olusegun Obasanjo,]] toɗɗii mo hooreejo diiso doosɗe leydi ndii, to Mubi E lewru mee 2006, kaporal polis gooto waraa e galle mum, tawi ko tuumaaɗo wonde bandiiji jogiiɗi kaɓirɗe. Kono komisinaajo polis diiwaan oo, hono Alhaji Muhammad Sambo, wiyi wonde njanngu nguu wonaa warngo. Banndiraaɓe ɓee njiɗi tan ko ƴettude bundu kaporal oo. Saleh Michika woppii golle politik. O sankii ko caggal rafi seeɗa ñalnde 10 marse 2018. == Tuugnorgal == 4fvz3f8ugrh4ka2x1400qty6jjboy4v 175988 175987 2026-06-23T11:02:01Z Sardeeq 14292 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1345904675|Abubakar Saleh Michika]]" 175988 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Asmi_and_Nyako!.jpg|thumb|Noddaango korsa feewde e guwerneer [[Murtala Nyako]]]] [[File:Governor_Saleh_Michika.jpg|thumb|O, guwerneer Saleh Michika e njillu mum to leydi Kameruun e hitaande 1992.]] '''Abubakar Saleh Michika''' (1941 – 10 mars 2018) ko guwerneer siwil leydi Najeriya to [[Diiwal Aadamaawa|diiwaan Adamawa]], [[Naajeeriya|leydi Najeriya]] tuggi 2 lewru Yarkomaa 1992 haa 17 noowammbar 1993. O woniino tergal e fedde laamuyankoore ndeen (NRC). O golliima e Banke Angalteer to Afrik worgo e hitaande 1966, ndeen sosiyetee John Holt hade makko naatde e politik. O jibinaa ko Michika, laamorgo nokkuure laamu [[Michika]] (LGA), nder ko anndiraa hannde [[Diiwal Aadamaawa|diiwal Adamawa]] to woyla-fuunaange leydi Naajeeriya. O janngi duɗal makko leslesal e hakkundeewal to duɗal hakkundeewal Yola (hono hannde ko General Murtala Mohammed College Yola) o waɗi jaŋde makko caggal hakkundeere to Duɗal jaŋde Arab. O resii rewɓe nayo e sukaaɓe 38, sukaaɓe worɓe 17 e sukaaɓe rewɓe 21, taaniraaɓe 105, e taaniraaɓe nayo, kamɓe fof e rewɓe makko nayo ɓee ; Hajiya Daudu, Mairama, Aisha e Nana Saleh Michika jeyaaɓe to Tamanrasset, Aljeri. Saleh Michika waɗii ƴaañorgal nde o wiyi e hitaande 1992 wonde o jaɓat ummoraade e leydi hoɗdiiɓe mum to [[Kamerun|leydi Kameruun]] so tawii kuudetaa konu waɗii e leydi Nijeer. Duuɓi sappo e nay caggal ɗuum, o waɗii bayyinaango luulndiingo, wonde feere caɗeele njulaagu e laamu bonngu e nder leydi ndii, ko diarki, jillondirɗo e yimɓe militeer en e siwil en, tawa ina jogii hooreejo leydi militeer. <ref>"Adamawa". WorldStatesmen. Archived from the original on 22 November 2009. Retrieved 2009-12-05.</ref> Ko o pragmatist, hade wooteeji 1993 o salii hawrude e [[Bashir tofa|Bashir Tofa]], kanndidaa hooreejo leydi lannda makko NRC, kono o wallitii nde [[Moshood Abiola|MKO Abiola]], kanndidaa lannda Social Democratic (SDP) luulndiiɗo leydi ndii ari e dowla makko. Kono e lewru sulyee 1993, caggal nde laamu [[Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida|Ibraahiima Babangida]] woppi woote hooreleydaagu Abiola, o wiyi "ko heewi e ko miin e hoore am miɗo yiɗi Moshood Abiola no neɗɗo nii, miijo hooreejo leydi fuɗnaange ngo wonaa goonga". Won e eɓɓaaɗe teeŋtuɗe ɗe njuɓɓudi Saleh Michika yuɓɓini e fuɗɗorii ko Bajabure Housing Estate, sosde kolees Agric, Hong, nokkuuji Doktooruuji, naatgol WAEC mo alaa kaalis wonande almudɓe duɗe hakkundeeje e ko ɓuri teeŋtude ko Politeknik Dowla Yola ngam limtude heen seeɗa. Governor Saleh Michika ɗon mari ƴamol mawngol nder wakkati seɗɗa nde o woni guwerneer diiwal Adamawa, waɗi mo yiɗugo masin wakkati republique tataɓre nde o ruttini. E lewru Yarkomaa 2002, Michika siftinii terɗe Asaambele ngenndi ko jom en jawɗeele en ɓe o hormaaki, o jeertinii kadi wonde ina waawi waɗde kuudetaa konu goɗɗo. [1] E lewru Oktoobar 2002, Saleh Michika wonnoo ko ƴaañoowo tiiɗɗo ngam wonde kanndidaa lannda yimɓe leydi Nijeer (ANPP) ngam suɓaade guwerneer Adamawa. [2] E hitaande 2005, hooreejo leydi ndii, [[Olusegun Obasanjo|hono Olusegun Obasanjo,]] toɗɗii mo hooreejo diiso doosɗe leydi ndii, to Mubi E lewru mee 2006, kaporal polis gooto waraa e galle mum, tawi ko tuumaaɗo wonde bandiiji jogiiɗi kaɓirɗe. Kono komisinaajo polis diiwaan oo, hono Alhaji Muhammad Sambo, wiyi wonde njanngu nguu wonaa warngo. Banndiraaɓe ɓee njiɗi tan ko ƴettude bundu kaporal oo. Saleh Michika woppii golle politik. O sankii ko caggal rafi seeɗa ñalnde 10 marse 2018. == Tuugnorgal == 87tmurcy2ts7g0v33qax6kfzug3anz9 175989 175988 2026-06-23T11:02:20Z Sardeeq 14292 175989 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:Asmi_and_Nyako!.jpg|thumb|Noddaango korsa feewde e guwerneer [[Murtala Nyako]]]] [[File:Governor_Saleh_Michika.jpg|thumb|O, guwerneer Saleh Michika e njillu mum to leydi Kameruun e hitaande 1992.]] '''Abubakar Saleh Michika''' (1941 – 10 mars 2018) ko guwerneer siwil leydi Najeriya to [[Diiwal Aadamaawa|diiwaan Adamawa]], [[Naajeeriya|leydi Najeriya]] tuggi 2 lewru Yarkomaa 1992 haa 17 noowammbar 1993. O woniino tergal e fedde laamuyankoore ndeen (NRC). O golliima e Banke Angalteer to Afrik worgo e hitaande 1966, ndeen sosiyetee John Holt hade makko naatde e politik. O jibinaa ko Michika, laamorgo nokkuure laamu [[Michika]] (LGA), nder ko anndiraa hannde [[Diiwal Aadamaawa|diiwal Adamawa]] to woyla-fuunaange leydi Naajeeriya. O janngi duɗal makko leslesal e hakkundeewal to duɗal hakkundeewal Yola (hono hannde ko General Murtala Mohammed College Yola) o waɗi jaŋde makko caggal hakkundeere to Duɗal jaŋde Arab. O resii rewɓe nayo e sukaaɓe 38, sukaaɓe worɓe 17 e sukaaɓe rewɓe 21, taaniraaɓe 105, e taaniraaɓe nayo, kamɓe fof e rewɓe makko nayo ɓee ; Hajiya Daudu, Mairama, Aisha e Nana Saleh Michika jeyaaɓe to Tamanrasset, Aljeri. Saleh Michika waɗii ƴaañorgal nde o wiyi e hitaande 1992 wonde o jaɓat ummoraade e leydi hoɗdiiɓe mum to [[Kamerun|leydi Kameruun]] so tawii kuudetaa konu waɗii e leydi Nijeer. Duuɓi sappo e nay caggal ɗuum, o waɗii bayyinaango luulndiingo, wonde feere caɗeele njulaagu e laamu bonngu e nder leydi ndii, ko diarki, jillondirɗo e yimɓe militeer en e siwil en, tawa ina jogii hooreejo leydi militeer. <ref>"Adamawa". WorldStatesmen. Archived from the original on 22 November 2009. Retrieved 2009-12-05.</ref> Ko o pragmatist, hade wooteeji 1993 o salii hawrude e [[Bashir tofa|Bashir Tofa]], kanndidaa hooreejo leydi lannda makko NRC, kono o wallitii nde [[Moshood Abiola|MKO Abiola]], kanndidaa lannda Social Democratic (SDP) luulndiiɗo leydi ndii ari e dowla makko. Kono e lewru sulyee 1993, caggal nde laamu [[Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida|Ibraahiima Babangida]] woppi woote hooreleydaagu Abiola, o wiyi "ko heewi e ko miin e hoore am miɗo yiɗi Moshood Abiola no neɗɗo nii, miijo hooreejo leydi fuɗnaange ngo wonaa goonga". Won e eɓɓaaɗe teeŋtuɗe ɗe njuɓɓudi Saleh Michika yuɓɓini e fuɗɗorii ko Bajabure Housing Estate, sosde kolees Agric, Hong, nokkuuji Doktooruuji, naatgol WAEC mo alaa kaalis wonande almudɓe duɗe hakkundeeje e ko ɓuri teeŋtude ko Politeknik Dowla Yola ngam limtude heen seeɗa. Governor Saleh Michika ɗon mari ƴamol mawngol nder wakkati seɗɗa nde o woni guwerneer diiwal Adamawa, waɗi mo yiɗugo masin wakkati republique tataɓre nde o ruttini. E lewru Yarkomaa 2002, Michika siftinii terɗe Asaambele ngenndi ko jom en jawɗeele en ɓe o hormaaki, o jeertinii kadi wonde ina waawi waɗde kuudetaa konu goɗɗo. [1] E lewru Oktoobar 2002, Saleh Michika wonnoo ko ƴaañoowo tiiɗɗo ngam wonde kanndidaa lannda yimɓe leydi Nijeer (ANPP) ngam suɓaade guwerneer Adamawa. [2] E hitaande 2005, hooreejo leydi ndii, [[Olusegun Obasanjo|hono Olusegun Obasanjo,]] toɗɗii mo hooreejo diiso doosɗe leydi ndii, to Mubi E lewru mee 2006, kaporal polis gooto waraa e galle mum, tawi ko tuumaaɗo wonde bandiiji jogiiɗi kaɓirɗe. Kono komisinaajo polis diiwaan oo, hono Alhaji Muhammad Sambo, wiyi wonde njanngu nguu wonaa warngo. Banndiraaɓe ɓee njiɗi tan ko ƴettude bundu kaporal oo. Saleh Michika woppii golle politik. O sankii ko caggal rafi seeɗa ñalnde 10 marse 2018. == Tuugnorgal == 51jmc7tvt2oh4lpfwmqf15nxe54h9zg 0 42472 175990 2026-06-23T11:06:07Z Isa Oumar 9821 Created page with "'''Ifeanyichukwu Arthur''' Okowa CON ListenR (jibinaa ko 8 lewru juko hitaande 1959) ko doktoor e dawrugol leydi Najeriya, o woniino guwerneer diiwaan Delta gila lewru mee 2015 haa lewru mee 2023 .<ref name="Sahara Reporters 2019">{{Cite news|title=Just Like In 2015, Okowa Mauls Great Ogboru To Win Delta Governorship Election|newspaper=[[Sahara Reporters]]|date=2019-03-11|url=https://saharareporters.com/2019/03/11/just-2015-okowa-mauls-great-ogboru-win-delta-governorship..." 175990 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ifeanyichukwu Arthur''' Okowa CON ListenR (jibinaa ko 8 lewru juko hitaande 1959) ko doktoor e dawrugol leydi Najeriya, o woniino guwerneer diiwaan Delta gila lewru mee 2015 haa lewru mee 2023 .<ref name="Sahara Reporters 2019">{{Cite news|title=Just Like In 2015, Okowa Mauls Great Ogboru To Win Delta Governorship Election|newspaper=[[Sahara Reporters]]|date=2019-03-11|url=https://saharareporters.com/2019/03/11/just-2015-okowa-mauls-great-ogboru-win-delta-governorship-election|location=New York City, United States|access-date=2023-06-08}}</ref>O jeyaa ko e lannda Demokaraasi Yimɓe, ko kanko woni cukko kanndidaa lannda ka e woote gardagol leydi 2023 tawi ina wondi e Atiku Abubakar mo wonnoo kanndidaa hooreejo leydi.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Times|first=Premium|date=2022-06-16|title=2023: Why I picked Okowa as my running mate - Atiku|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/top-news/537372-2023-why-i-picked-okowa-as-my-running-mate-atiku.html|access-date=2022-11-10|newspaper=[[Premium Times]]|language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=olufemiajasa|date=2022-06-16|title=Atiku picks Okowa as running mate|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2022/06/breaking-atiku-picks-okowa-as-running-mate/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=2022-11-10|newspaper=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]]|language=en-GB}}</ref> Okowa jibinaa ko Owa-Alero e hitaande 1959, o heɓi bak makko to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Ibadan e hitaande 1981.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Sen. Dr. Arthur I. Okowa|url=https://deltastate.gov.ng/okowa/|access-date=2025-06-21|website=DELTA STATE THE BIG HEART|language=en-US}}</ref> Caggal jaŋde makko leslesre, o golliima e safaara duuɓi keewɗi hade makko naatde e politik. Okowa adii tabitinki hoore maako nder siyaasaaku lesdi ko adii nastugo nder kabine lesdi ndi'i, mo guwerneer James Ibori waɗi nder hitaande 1999. Caggal nde o wurti nder kabine man nder hitaande 2006, Okowa waɗi limngal arandewal ngam suɓugo guwerneer, ko adi o warti haa kabine lesdi ndi'i, bee lesdi Emmanuel Uduaghan. E hitaande 2011, Okowa naati e politik ngenndi, o dañii nafoore e woote senaateer to Delta North. Caggal duuɓi nay e nder Senaa, o arti e Delta, o suɓaa guwerneer e marge mawɗo e hitaande 2015 o wonti leñol Ika gadano walla neɗɗo ummoriiɗo to fuɗnaange diiwaan oo, wonti guwerneer. Okowa suɓaama caggal mum e marge nannduɗo e oo e hitaande 2019 .<ref>{{Cite web|last=Korkus|first=Stella Dimoko|title=Gov Ifeanyi Okowa Re-Elected As Delta State Governor For The Second Time|url=https://www.stelladimokokorkus.com/2019/03/gov-ifeanyi-okowa-re-elected-as-delta.html|access-date=2026-04-15}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Okowa re-elected Delta State Governor|url=https://pmnewsnigeria.com/2019/03/11/okowa-re-elected-delta-state-governor/|access-date=2026-04-15|language=en-US}}</ref> == Ɓawo == Okowa jibinaa ko Owa-Alero e nder Ika Fuɗnaange-Fuɗnaange nokku laamu leydi Delta.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2019-07-12|title=Okowa: 60 Garlands for An Indefatigable Performer|url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2019/07/12/okowa-60-garlands-for-an-indefatigable-performer/|access-date=2022-03-04|newspaper=[[This Day]]|language=en-US}}</ref> O naati duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Edo, to wuro Benin (1970–1976), caggal ɗuum o yahi to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Ibadan, ɗo o janngi safaara e seppooji, o heɓi heen seedantaagal MBBS e hitaande 1981. Caggal nde o yalti e Korse Ngenndiijo Sukaaɓe, o gollodii e Yiilirde toppitiinde opitaaluuji dowri Bendel, o woni ofisee safrooɓe. O naati e golle keertiiɗe ko gardiiɗo, nokku cafrirɗo Victory, Igbanke, e hitaande 1986. == Golle politik == Okowa wonti Sekereteer laamu nokku Ika, caggal ɗuum hooreejo Diiso laamu nokku Ika Fuɗnaange-rewo (1991–1993). Ko kanko wonnoo gardiiɗo Delta North e nder fedde demokaraasi leslesre (GDM). O naati PDP e hitaande 1998, o walli e kampaañ guwerneer James Ibori e hitaande 1998/1999. O woniino komisariyaajo e nder laamu diiwaan Delta ngam ndema e jawdi (juko 1999 – abriil 2001), ƴellitaare jawdi ndiyam (abriil 2001 – mee 2003) e cellal (settaambar 2003 – oktoobar 2006). Okowa woppi laamu ngam tawtoreede woote gardagol leydi Delta State PDP e hitaande 2007, kono o heɓaani woote gardagol leydi.[8] E lewru Juko hitaande 2007, Ifeanyi toɗɗaama yo o won hooreejo laamu diiwaan Delta.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.governoruduaghan.org/news_fetcher.php?fid=35|title=REMARKS BY GOV. UDUAGHAN AS OKOWA BECOMES NEW SSG.|publisher=Office of the governor, Delta State|access-date=4 May 2011|date=4 June 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111103040033/http://governoruduaghan.org/news_fetcher.php?fid=35|archive-date=3 November 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref> Ifeanyi suɓaama kanndidaajo senateer Delta North nder wooteeji arandeeji PDP nder lewru January 2011 bee woote 942, ammaa ardiiɓe lanyol man ɗon mari haaje Marian Amaka Alli ngam kanndidaajo.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thenigerianvoice.com/nvnews/45766/1/how-okowa-emerged-delta-north-senatorial-candidate.html|title=HOW OKOWA EMERGED DELTA NORTH SENATORIAL CANDIDATE|work=Daily Sun|date=8 February 2011|access-date=4 May 2011}}</ref> O suɓaama kadi e woote gardagol leydi ɗo o heɓi 1 446 woote, tawi ko Marian Alli heɓi 108 woote.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.huhuonline.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=2536:live-from-asaba-pdp-delta-north-senatorial-re-run&catid=103:more-news|title=Arthur Okowa Wins Delta North Senatorial Primaries Again|work=HuHu Online|access-date=4 May 2011}}</ref> E nder wooteeji lewru abriil 2011 ngam suɓaade jooɗorde senateer Delta North, Ifeanyi heɓi 98 140 woote, o ardii laamɗo ɗiɗaɓo biyeteeɗo Ned Munir Nwoko mo lannda yimɓe Demokaraasi, o heɓi 67 985 woote.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.inecnigeria.org/downloads/?did=114|publisher=INEC|access-date=4 May 2011|title=Collated Senate results|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110419203046/http://www.inecnigeria.org/downloads/?did=114|archive-date=19 April 2011|df=dmy}}</ref> Ina wiyee wonde haa jooni ina woodi luural ko fayti e wooteeji baɗnooɗi e lewru Yarkomaa 2013.<ref name="Battle for Senate Seat">{{cite news|title=Okowa, Azekwoh Renew Battle for Senate Seat|url=http://www.thisdaylive.com/articles/okowa-azekwoh-renew-battle-for-senate-seat/137151/|access-date=25 April 2013|newspaper=[[This Day]]|date=22 January 2013|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130126133924/http://www.thisdaylive.com/articles/okowa-azekwoh-renew-battle-for-senate-seat/137151/|archive-date=26 January 2013}}</ref> Ifeanyi haa ragare heɓi tikket ngam suɓol guwerneer nder hitaande 2015 les PDP bee 406 woote nyande 8 Duujal 2014. <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.vanguardngr.com/2014/12/breaking-news-ifeanyi-okowa-wins-delta-pdp-guber-ticket/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=8 December 2014|title=Ifeanyi Okowa wins Delta PDP guber ticket|date=8 December 2014|newspaper=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]]}}</ref> O heɓi woote guwerneer dowla Delta 2015 nder lewru Abriil 2015 bee 724,680 woote<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.channelstv.com/2015/04/13/senator-okowa-wins-governorship-election-in-delta/|publisher=Channels TV|access-date=13 April 2015|title=Ifeanyi Okowa wins Delta Gubernatorial Election}}</ref> nden o fuɗɗaama dow In2015 9 mars 2019 Suɓol guwerneer, Okowa, tergal lannda Demokaraasi Leƴƴi, heɓi 925 274 woote ngam foolde luulndo makko, kanndidaa Kongres All Progressives, Great Ogboru, mo heɓi, 215 938 woote.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://punchng.com/delta-gov-okowa-thanks-ibori-for-supporting-his-re-election/|title=Delta Gov Okowa thanks Ibori for supporting his re-election|date=11 March 2019|newspaper=[[The Punch]]}}</ref> Ko o guwerneer jooɗiiɗo e diiwaan Delta e hitaande 2020, o sosi duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Delta to wuro makko Agbor. O sosi kadi duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde ganndal e karallaagal to Ozoro e duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Dennis Osadebe to Anwai fof e nder diiwaan Delta.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Delta State don establish three new universities add to DELSU Abraka|work=BBC News Pidgin|url=https://www.bbc.com/pidgin/tori-56200168|access-date=2021-12-15}}</ref> == Tuumeede fenaande == == Ko jeyi leydi Delta == E manndaa gadano Okowa, laamu makko hollitii feccere e sosiyetee otooji biyeteeɗo Delta Line jeyaaɗo e laamu nguu.<ref>{{Cite web|last=OME|date=2026-01-07|title=Special Report: Concession of Delta Line: Gains, Losses and the Roadmap to Restoring Delta State's Transport Identity|url=https://omeafrica.org/special-report-delta-line-to-gig-motors-gains-losses-and-the-roadmap-to-restoring-delta-states-transport-identity/|access-date=2026-04-15|website=Ome Africa|language=en-US}}</ref> E joofnirde golle privatisation, 60% e Delta Line soodi ɗum ko Alla ko Sosiyetee ƴellitaare yah-ngartaa moƴƴo (GTDC) e ₦160 miliyoŋ tawi 40% heddii ko e jeyi laamu diiwaan Delta.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Capital|first=The|date=2017-08-28|title=Gov. Okowa Sells Delta Line Company to God Is Good Motors for N161m, Rejects NLC's N2b Bid|url=https://www.thecapital.ng/gov-okowa-sells-delta-line-company-to-god-is-good-motors-for-n161m-rejects-nlcs-n2b-bid/|access-date=2026-04-15|website=The Capital NG|language=en-GB}}</ref> Ɗoon e ɗoon, noddaali fenaande ummiima nde tawnoo joom GTDC, Chidi Ajaere, ina wallitnoo kampaañ Okowa 2015 e banndiiko bidsee, Diiso Dowla Delta mo Dental Sosiyeteeji Amalgamated, Gollotooɓe e Sarwisaaji Karallaagal e Sarwisaaji Fijooji, wiyi wonde ɓe njogii ko miliyaaruuji sa⦂ke. AUPCTRE e fedde mum, hono Nigeria Labour Congress, mbiyi wonde GTDC e fuɗɗoode rokkii goomu konsiyoŋ tan ko ₦80 miliyoŋ so yerondiraama e ₦2 miliyaar maɓɓe, kono GTDC suɓaama nde ɓe ndartini dokkal maɓɓe ngal laabi ɗiɗi haa ₦160 miliyoŋ yoɓaa e pecce ɗiɗi tawi AUPCTRE ko never the committeed; AUPCTRE kadi hollitii wonde GTDC meeɗaa timminde yoɓde mum ɗiɗmere ₦80 miliyoŋ.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Editorial|date=2021-05-22|title=Shady deal that marred sale of Delta Line|url=https://www.icirnigeria.org/shady-deal-that-marred-sale-of-delta-line/|access-date=2026-04-15|website=The ICIR- Latest News, Politics, Governance, Elections, Investigation, Factcheck, Covid-19|language=en-GB}}</ref> Komisariyaaji Okowa etinooma daranaade yeeyde ɗum, ɓe mbiyi wonde Delta Line ina jogii ñamaale, kono gonnooɗo hooreejo konte Delta Line, hono David Akpemegin, wiyi wonde sosiyetee oo ina jogii nko yaawi timminii yovde ñamaale mum e sahaa yeeyirde ndee e binndanze kaalis ina kollita wonde Line oo ina joginoo nafoore e wiyde AUPCTRE, luulndiiɗo privatisation. Rajooji kollitii kadi wonde toɗɗaaɓe Okowa ko wayi no Komisariyaa Kaalis e Hooreejo Goomu Konseye David Edevbie ina mballita GTDC e nder golle ɗee kala hay so tawii ko seeɗa e bidsee maɓɓe. Yanti heen, annduɓe ɓee mbiyi wonde keɓgol GTDC ngol ko e feccere ngam ittude ƴaañoowo e ciimtol ngol hollitii ŋakkeende to bannge golle Delta Line caggal nde yeeyi. Olisa Ifeajika, hooreejo jaayndeeji Okowa, fawii ko e yeeyde njuɓɓudi ndii, sibu ko ɗum tuugii e nafoore, o siftinii wonde GTDC ina jogii "anndal mawngal e nder sekteer yah-ngartaa."<ref>{{cite web|last1=Markson|first1=Isaac|title=Shady deal that marred sale of Delta Line|url=https://www.icirnigeria.org/shady-deal-that-marred-sale-of-delta-line/|website=International Centre for Investigative Reporting|date=22 May 2021|access-date=15 July 2021}}</ref> GTDC kadi fawii hoore mum e wiyde wonde Ajaere alaa "jokkondiral keeringal" e Okowa, kadi ko sosiyetee oo ɓuri waawde bidsee oo]3. == Ciimtol hooreejo leydi 2019 == E lewru Duujal 2021, wiɗto pecce ɗiɗi waɗaango e nokku winndereyankeewo ngam humpitaade humpitooji, tawi ko njaruuji ɗi ngonaa no haanirta nii, ŋakkeende toɗɗagol kuule kaalis, e seedeeji ŋakkeende kaalis e nder ciimtol hitaandewol Auditeur-Général de l’Etat Delta wonande hitaande 2019. Ministeeruuji keewɗi, departemaaji (departemaaji) Dowla Assemb e Assembly of State a) limtaaɗe e ŋakkeende to bannge wiɗto ciimtol ngol. Won e ko teskini heen ko wayi no: Biro Sekereteer laamu leydi ndii waawaano hiisaade ₦278,5 miliyoŋ e kaalis laamu, terɗe njuɓɓudi Okowa ina njejjita ɗaɓɓaande ndimaagu humpito e nder laawol, kuutoragol Dowlaaji Dentuɗi toppitiiɗi njeeygu nder leydi ina naamnii ₦107,74 miliyoŋ e kaalis ɓeydaaɗo e Cellal e Demal wondude e njoɓdi inflated ngam otooji terɗe suudu sarɗiiji. Jaagorgal ko ɓuri heewde ko yejjiteede e ɗaɓɓaande ngam ƴeewtaade walla neldude haala kaa to Auditeur-Général Paul Aghanenu, mo darii e ciimtol ngol kono o wiyi o waawaa jaabaade naamne goɗɗe tawa o jaɓaani Sekreteruuji laamu leydi ndii.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Markson|first1=Isaac|title=Sale of Delta Line: We were most qualified among bidders, says GTDC|url=https://www.icirnigeria.org/sale-of-delta-line-we-were-most-qualified-among-bidders-says-gigm/|website=International Centre for Investigative Reporting|date=8 June 2021|access-date=15 July 2021}}</ref> == Tuumaaɗo waylude kaalis derivation == E lewru Noowammbar 2024, Okowa noddaama e biro Port Harcourt mo Komisiyoŋ toppitiiɗo ko fayti e bonanndeeji faggudu e kaalis (EFCC) ngam naamnaade ko fayti e tuumeede njuɓɓudi bonndi e mbayliigu 13% derivation fotnoo wonde e dowla Delta hakkunde 2015 e 2023, ko ina tolnoo e N1.3trillion. O nanngaa ko e fedde haɓantoonde fenaande.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2024-11-04|title=EFCC arrests Okowa, Ex-Delta gov, over 'diversion of N1.3trn'|url=https://dailytrust.com/just-in-efcc-arrests-okowa-ex-delta-gov-over-diversion-of-n1-3trn/|access-date=2024-11-04|newspaper=[[Daily Trust]]|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Shibayan|first=Dyepkazah|date=2024-11-04|title=EFCC arrests Ifeanyi Okowa over alleged diversion of N1.3trn|url=https://www.thecable.ng/breaking-efcc-arrests-ifeanyi-okowa-over-alleged-diversion-of-n1-3trn/|access-date=2024-11-04|newspaper=[[TheCable]]|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Samuel-Ugwuezi|first=Ozioma|date=2024-11-04|title=Former Delta Governor Ifeanyi Okowa Arrested By EFCC For Alleged N1.3 Trillion Diversion|url=https://www.arise.tv/former-delta-governor-ifeanyi-okowa-arrested-by-efcc-for-alleged-n1-3-trillion-diversion/|access-date=2024-11-04|website=Arise News|language=en-US}}</ref> == Njeenaari e teddungal == O teddinaama no neɗɗo ɓurɗo waawde hitaande 2017 e nder jaaynde wiyeteende Eko Hotel and Suites to Lagos. Hokki njeenaari ndii ko Alhaji Ismaalis Isaa Funtu.<ref>m.thenigerianvoice.com/news/263982/garlands-for-governor-okowa.html</ref> E hitaande 2017, o heɓi njeenaari ɓurndi toowde e Duɗal Jaaɓi-haaɗtirde Ibadan, Ibadan-Nigeria hono Alumni hitaande 2016, ɗo o waɗi yeewtere tiiɗnde e tiitoonde "Laamu moƴƴu ngam sosde jawdi e ƴellitaare duumotoonde: humpito e janngirɗe edition of Ibadan University of I71 Fedde janngooɓe Ibadan (UIAA) E lewru Oktoobar 2022, teddungal lesdi Naajeeriya, hooreejo leydi Naajeeriya, Muhammadu Buhari hokki mo.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2022-10-09|title=FULL LIST: 2022 National Honours Award Recipients The Nation Newspaper|url=https://thenationonlineng.net/full-list-2022-national-honours-award-recipients/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=2022-10-31|language=en-US|newspaper=[[The Nation (Nigeria)|The Nation]]}}</ref> == Ƴeew kadi == Lannda demokaraasi yimɓe leydi Delta Doggol guwerneeruuji diiwaan Delta {{Databox}}Tuugnorgal 4cnaayjrh4invgakab4160k8vjbta2o 0 42473 175991 2026-06-23T11:08:25Z Isa Oumar 9821 Created page with "'''Hameed Ibrahim''' Ali CFR (jibinaa ko 15 lewru Yarkomaa 1955) ko ofisee konu, gonnooɗo Kontroleer Jeneral to Duunde Naajeeriya gila 2015 haa 2023 Arewa Consultative Forum ko kawtal siyaasaaku e pinal ardiiɓe lesdi Naajeeriya.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Rasak|first=Adekunle|date=2020-05-31|title=At 65, Customs boss, Hameed Ali takes new wife|url=https://tribuneonlineng.com/at-65-customs-boss-hameed-ali-takes-new-wife/|access-date=2023-05-14|newspaper=[[Nigerian Tribune]]|l..." 175991 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Hameed Ibrahim''' Ali CFR (jibinaa ko 15 lewru Yarkomaa 1955) ko ofisee konu, gonnooɗo Kontroleer Jeneral to Duunde Naajeeriya gila 2015 haa 2023 Arewa Consultative Forum ko kawtal siyaasaaku e pinal ardiiɓe lesdi Naajeeriya.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Rasak|first=Adekunle|date=2020-05-31|title=At 65, Customs boss, Hameed Ali takes new wife|url=https://tribuneonlineng.com/at-65-customs-boss-hameed-ali-takes-new-wife/|access-date=2023-05-14|newspaper=[[Nigerian Tribune]]|language=en-GB}}</ref> O woni tergal kawtal hooreejo lesdi fuu, nden o walli Muhammadu Buhari haa suɓol hooreejo lesdi nder hitaande 2003, 2007, 2011, 2015 e 2019.[2] Iwde e politik Buharist, o ƴellitii reentaade njulaagu e politikaaji tiiɗɗi e nder laamu Buhari.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.blueprint.ng/buharist-politico-economy-school-of-thought-by-majeed-dahiru/|location=Abuja, Nigeria|title=Buharist politico-economy school of thought, By Majeed Dahiru|last=IV|first=Editorial|date=2017-11-09|newspaper=[[Blueprint (newspaper)|Blueprint]]|language=en-US|access-date=2020-02-16}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/top-news/357624-security-more-important-than-rule-of-law-human-rights-nigerias-customs-chief.html|title=Security more important than rule of law, human rights — Nigeria's Customs chief|last=Ogundipe|first=Samuel|date=2019-10-14|language=en-GB|access-date=2020-02-16|newspaper=[[Premium Times]]}}</ref> == Nguurndam gadano == Ali jibinaa, mawni ko to Dass, to diiwaan Bauchi. O woni ko e diiwaan Kaduna.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.worldstatesmen.org/Nigeria_federal_states.htm|title=Nigerian States|publisher=WorldStatesmen|access-date=2010-05-27}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.worldstatesmen.org/Nigeria_federal_states.htm|title=Nigerian States|publisher=WorldStatesmen|access-date=2010-05-27}}</ref> == Golle konu == Ali heɓi kuugal nder hitaande 1977 ɓaawo o heɓi janngirde maako haa janngirde ndennde lesdi Naajeeriya haa Kaduna. O naati duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Sam Houston State tuggi 1984 haa 1988. O heɓi kadi dipolomaaji makko leslesre e dipolomaaji makko e ganndal bonanndeeji, e seedantaagal jaŋde ummoraade e duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde ngal.[citation needed] E hitaande 1981, Ali wonnoo ko ofisee jeneral to nokku polis konu. E hitaande 1992, o artiraa e Diwison 1er to Kaduna, o woni ofisee jeneraal. Ali woniino hooreejo Biro keeriiɗo wiɗto to Apapa tuggi 1994 haa 1996. E hitaande 1998, Ali waɗtaa Kolonel (Heblo) TRADOC, to Minna hade mum woppude golle.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.blueprint.ng/buharist-politico-economy-school-of-thought-by-majeed-dahiru/|location=Abuja, Nigeria|title=Buharist politico-economy school of thought, By Majeed Dahiru|last=IV|first=Editorial|date=2017-11-09|newspaper=[[Blueprint (newspaper)|Blueprint]]|language=en-US|access-date=2020-02-16}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/top-news/357624-security-more-important-than-rule-of-law-human-rights-nigerias-customs-chief.html|title=Security more important than rule of law, human rights — Nigeria's Customs chief|last=Ogundipe|first=Samuel|date=2019-10-14|language=en-GB|access-date=2020-02-16|newspaper=[[Premium Times]]}}</ref> E hitaande 1995, ko kanko woni tergal konu mawngal e nder ñaawirde keeriinde nde laamu Sani Abacha sosi (terɗe siwil en ko Ñaawirde Auta e Ñaawirde Arikpo) ñaawirde e ñaawde Ken Saro-Wiwa e woɗɓe njeetato daraniiɓe taariindi Ogoni, warngo e warngooji.[7] == Golle politik == Gumnaa lesdi Kaduna Ali woniino gardiiɗo konu leydi Kaduna tuggi lewru ut 1996 haa lewru ut 1998 e laamu konu Seneraal Sani Abacha.[8] E lewru Oktoobar 1997, o riiwti fotde 30 000 golloowo laamu gonɗo e seppooji e nder diiwaan hee, o nanngi 18 hooreejo laamu nokkuuji.[9] Jaayndiyanke gooto yeewtanoowo haala kaa yaltinii winndannde e nder jaaynde nokkuure ndee, ina wiyee o nanngaama, o fiyi no feewi, caggal ɗuum o nawaa to galle laamu, o ɓeydi torlaade.[10] Ali caggal mum yeddi haala kaa.[11] == Woote hooreleydaagu == Caggal nde o woppi golle konu, o wonti binndoowo fedde Arewa Consultative Forum – fedde siyaasaagal e pinal ardiiɓe leydi Naajeeriya, kadi o woni balloowo kampaañuuji Muhammadu Buhari ngam suɓaade hooreejo leydi.[12] Ali ko luutndiiɗo no feewi ajenda Olusegun Obasanjo e manndaa tataɓo. E lewru Juko hitaande 2006, Ali hollitii wonde hooreejo leydi ndii ina hoota to Fuɗnaange e nder wooteeji mawɗi leydi Najeriya 2007.[13] Caggal mum o walli haala Atiku Abubakar ka o wiyi wonde Obasanjo ina teddina fodoore mum nde o fotnoo woppude laamu e hitaande 2007.[14] == Ardiido kuugal hukuuma lesdi Naajeeriya == Ñalnde 27 lewru bowte hitaande 2015, Ali toɗɗaama hooreejo leydi Naajeeriya, hooreejo leydi ndii, hono Muhammadu Buhari.[15] E hitaande 2017, Ali waɗii luural e Senaa leydi Najeriya ngam salaade yaltude e uniforme.[16] Ko o kontroleer jeneral, o woniino pragmatik e golle makko, o haɓanaaki caɗeele keewɗe gonɗe e golle ɗee, ko wayi no ŋakkeende gollotooɓe, njulaagu e ŋakkeende kisal keeri. Caɗeele ŋakkeende gollotooɓe ɗee safraama e ƴettugol ujunnaaje ujunnaaje gollotooɓe ngam golle tiiɗɗe.[17] O ƴettii peeje ngam haɗde fenaande, o huutorii peeje ngam ƴeewde no kaalis huutortee e hakkille. O waɗii nokkuuji limtilimtinɗi elektoronik e nder peeje ngam ittude fenaande.[18] E hitaande 2019, Ali waɗii uddugol denndaangal keeri leydi, caggal ɗuum o haɗi denndaangal naatgol e yaltugol e nder keeri ɗii.[19] == Nguurndam neɗɗo == Hameed Ali resi ko Hajiya Hadiza Jummai Ali haa o maayi e duuɓi 53 e hitaande 2018. Ɓe ndañi ɓiɓɓe nayo.[20] E hitaande 2020, Hamiid Ali resi Hajiya Zaynab Abdullaahi.[21] == Njeenaaje == E lewru Oktoobar 2022, teddungal lesdi Naajeeriya, hooreejo lesdi Naajeeriya, Muhammadu Buhari hokki mo.[22] == Tuugnorgal == tsdt0xaaf3olpw5j388akmjixzvm2qo 175992 175991 2026-06-23T11:08:50Z Isa Oumar 9821 175992 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}'''Hameed Ibrahim''' Ali CFR (jibinaa ko 15 lewru Yarkomaa 1955) ko ofisee konu, gonnooɗo Kontroleer Jeneral to Duunde Naajeeriya gila 2015 haa 2023 Arewa Consultative Forum ko kawtal siyaasaaku e pinal ardiiɓe lesdi Naajeeriya.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Rasak|first=Adekunle|date=2020-05-31|title=At 65, Customs boss, Hameed Ali takes new wife|url=https://tribuneonlineng.com/at-65-customs-boss-hameed-ali-takes-new-wife/|access-date=2023-05-14|newspaper=[[Nigerian Tribune]]|language=en-GB}}</ref> O woni tergal kawtal hooreejo lesdi fuu, nden o walli Muhammadu Buhari haa suɓol hooreejo lesdi nder hitaande 2003, 2007, 2011, 2015 e 2019.[2] Iwde e politik Buharist, o ƴellitii reentaade njulaagu e politikaaji tiiɗɗi e nder laamu Buhari.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.blueprint.ng/buharist-politico-economy-school-of-thought-by-majeed-dahiru/|location=Abuja, Nigeria|title=Buharist politico-economy school of thought, By Majeed Dahiru|last=IV|first=Editorial|date=2017-11-09|newspaper=[[Blueprint (newspaper)|Blueprint]]|language=en-US|access-date=2020-02-16}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/top-news/357624-security-more-important-than-rule-of-law-human-rights-nigerias-customs-chief.html|title=Security more important than rule of law, human rights — Nigeria's Customs chief|last=Ogundipe|first=Samuel|date=2019-10-14|language=en-GB|access-date=2020-02-16|newspaper=[[Premium Times]]}}</ref> == Nguurndam gadano == Ali jibinaa, mawni ko to Dass, to diiwaan Bauchi. O woni ko e diiwaan Kaduna.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.worldstatesmen.org/Nigeria_federal_states.htm|title=Nigerian States|publisher=WorldStatesmen|access-date=2010-05-27}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.worldstatesmen.org/Nigeria_federal_states.htm|title=Nigerian States|publisher=WorldStatesmen|access-date=2010-05-27}}</ref> == Golle konu == Ali heɓi kuugal nder hitaande 1977 ɓaawo o heɓi janngirde maako haa janngirde ndennde lesdi Naajeeriya haa Kaduna. O naati duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Sam Houston State tuggi 1984 haa 1988. O heɓi kadi dipolomaaji makko leslesre e dipolomaaji makko e ganndal bonanndeeji, e seedantaagal jaŋde ummoraade e duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde ngal.[citation needed] E hitaande 1981, Ali wonnoo ko ofisee jeneral to nokku polis konu. E hitaande 1992, o artiraa e Diwison 1er to Kaduna, o woni ofisee jeneraal. Ali woniino hooreejo Biro keeriiɗo wiɗto to Apapa tuggi 1994 haa 1996. E hitaande 1998, Ali waɗtaa Kolonel (Heblo) TRADOC, to Minna hade mum woppude golle.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.blueprint.ng/buharist-politico-economy-school-of-thought-by-majeed-dahiru/|location=Abuja, Nigeria|title=Buharist politico-economy school of thought, By Majeed Dahiru|last=IV|first=Editorial|date=2017-11-09|newspaper=[[Blueprint (newspaper)|Blueprint]]|language=en-US|access-date=2020-02-16}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/top-news/357624-security-more-important-than-rule-of-law-human-rights-nigerias-customs-chief.html|title=Security more important than rule of law, human rights — Nigeria's Customs chief|last=Ogundipe|first=Samuel|date=2019-10-14|language=en-GB|access-date=2020-02-16|newspaper=[[Premium Times]]}}</ref> E hitaande 1995, ko kanko woni tergal konu mawngal e nder ñaawirde keeriinde nde laamu Sani Abacha sosi (terɗe siwil en ko Ñaawirde Auta e Ñaawirde Arikpo) ñaawirde e ñaawde Ken Saro-Wiwa e woɗɓe njeetato daraniiɓe taariindi Ogoni, warngo e warngooji.[7] == Golle politik == Gumnaa lesdi Kaduna Ali woniino gardiiɗo konu leydi Kaduna tuggi lewru ut 1996 haa lewru ut 1998 e laamu konu Seneraal Sani Abacha.[8] E lewru Oktoobar 1997, o riiwti fotde 30 000 golloowo laamu gonɗo e seppooji e nder diiwaan hee, o nanngi 18 hooreejo laamu nokkuuji.[9] Jaayndiyanke gooto yeewtanoowo haala kaa yaltinii winndannde e nder jaaynde nokkuure ndee, ina wiyee o nanngaama, o fiyi no feewi, caggal ɗuum o nawaa to galle laamu, o ɓeydi torlaade.[10] Ali caggal mum yeddi haala kaa.[11] == Woote hooreleydaagu == Caggal nde o woppi golle konu, o wonti binndoowo fedde Arewa Consultative Forum – fedde siyaasaagal e pinal ardiiɓe leydi Naajeeriya, kadi o woni balloowo kampaañuuji Muhammadu Buhari ngam suɓaade hooreejo leydi.[12] Ali ko luutndiiɗo no feewi ajenda Olusegun Obasanjo e manndaa tataɓo. E lewru Juko hitaande 2006, Ali hollitii wonde hooreejo leydi ndii ina hoota to Fuɗnaange e nder wooteeji mawɗi leydi Najeriya 2007.[13] Caggal mum o walli haala Atiku Abubakar ka o wiyi wonde Obasanjo ina teddina fodoore mum nde o fotnoo woppude laamu e hitaande 2007.[14] == Ardiido kuugal hukuuma lesdi Naajeeriya == Ñalnde 27 lewru bowte hitaande 2015, Ali toɗɗaama hooreejo leydi Naajeeriya, hooreejo leydi ndii, hono Muhammadu Buhari.[15] E hitaande 2017, Ali waɗii luural e Senaa leydi Najeriya ngam salaade yaltude e uniforme.[16] Ko o kontroleer jeneral, o woniino pragmatik e golle makko, o haɓanaaki caɗeele keewɗe gonɗe e golle ɗee, ko wayi no ŋakkeende gollotooɓe, njulaagu e ŋakkeende kisal keeri. Caɗeele ŋakkeende gollotooɓe ɗee safraama e ƴettugol ujunnaaje ujunnaaje gollotooɓe ngam golle tiiɗɗe.[17] O ƴettii peeje ngam haɗde fenaande, o huutorii peeje ngam ƴeewde no kaalis huutortee e hakkille. O waɗii nokkuuji limtilimtinɗi elektoronik e nder peeje ngam ittude fenaande.[18] E hitaande 2019, Ali waɗii uddugol denndaangal keeri leydi, caggal ɗuum o haɗi denndaangal naatgol e yaltugol e nder keeri ɗii.[19] == Nguurndam neɗɗo == Hameed Ali resi ko Hajiya Hadiza Jummai Ali haa o maayi e duuɓi 53 e hitaande 2018. Ɓe ndañi ɓiɓɓe nayo.[20] E hitaande 2020, Hamiid Ali resi Hajiya Zaynab Abdullaahi.[21] == Njeenaaje == E lewru Oktoobar 2022, teddungal lesdi Naajeeriya, hooreejo lesdi Naajeeriya, Muhammadu Buhari hokki mo.[22] == Tuugnorgal == 0fcu96k6mq0fqkgnbymrvkdgx6wj76k 0 42474 175994 2026-06-23T11:10:30Z Isa Oumar 9821 Created page with "'''Ogor Leonard''' Okuweh (jibinaa ko hitaande 1959) ko dawruyanke Najeriya. O woni tergal nder suudu joonde diidaaɗi lesdi Naajeeriya ngam wakilta Isoko woyla/Isoko fombina lesdi Delta les lanyol yimɓe lesdi Naajeeriya.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.nassnig.org/mp/profile/905|title=National Assembly {{!}} Federal Republic of Nigeria|last=Assembly|first=Nigerian National|website=www.nassnig.org|access-date=18 March 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google...." 175994 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ogor Leonard''' Okuweh (jibinaa ko hitaande 1959) ko dawruyanke Najeriya. O woni tergal nder suudu joonde diidaaɗi lesdi Naajeeriya ngam wakilta Isoko woyla/Isoko fombina lesdi Delta les lanyol yimɓe lesdi Naajeeriya.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.nassnig.org/mp/profile/905|title=National Assembly {{!}} Federal Republic of Nigeria|last=Assembly|first=Nigerian National|website=www.nassnig.org|access-date=18 March 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mAahpzY-p78C&dq=Ogor+Leonard+Okuweh&pg=PA405|title=Nigeria: Echoes of a Century|last=Azikiwe|first=Ifeoha|date=18 March 2017|publisher=AuthorHouse|isbn=9781481729277|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fSNOAQAAMAAJ&q=Ogor+Leonard+Okuweh|title=Nigeria Legislature 1861-2011: A Compendium of Members & Officials : a Special Publication in Commemoration of Nigeria at 50|date=1 January 2010|publisher=Department of Information and Publications, National Assembly|isbn=9789789113262|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://thepointernewsonline.com/?p=35193|title=Ogor, A Legislator With Extra-Ordinary Legacies " The Pointer News Online|website=The Pointer News Online|access-date=18 March 2017}}</ref> == Jaangirde == Ogor Okuweh heɓi WAEC mum ko to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Notre Dame Ozoro. Ndeen o yahi to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Emile Woo-ff ɗo o heɓi A.I.B hade makko yahde duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde njuɓɓudi laamu, o woni gardiiɗo njuɓɓudi laamu. O jogii kadi seedantaagal Master hakkunde leyɗeele to bannge njuɓɓudi njulaagu, IEMBA to bannge njuɓɓudi peeje e eɓɓaaɗe to Duɗal Jaaɓihaaɗtirde Pari to bannge njuɓɓudi, PGSM to Pari, Farayse. == Kugal == E hitaande 2003, Ogor suɓaama nder suudu sarɗiiji lesdi Naajeeriya, o wakiili lesdi Isoko woyla/Isoko fombina lesdi Delta. {{Databox}}Tuugnorgal e19o6bgbs8xgr6225poovunrhrlah13 0 42475 175996 2026-06-23T11:14:47Z Isa Oumar 9821 Created page with "'''Lawal Jafaru Isa''' ko Seneraal konu leydi Naajeeriya, o woniino gardiiɗo konu leydi Kaduna gila lewru Duujal 1993 haa lewru Ut 1996 e laamu konu Seneraal Sani Abacha.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.worldstatesmen.org/Nigeria_federal_states.htm|title=Nigerian States|publisher=World Statesmen|access-date=14 May 2010}}</ref> E hitaande 1996, Isa sosi laamuuji keewɗi ngam yimɓe Zaria walla Kaduna fombina ngam moƴƴinde jam e nder diiwaan Kaduna.[2] E lewru suwee 20..." 175996 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Lawal Jafaru Isa''' ko Seneraal konu leydi Naajeeriya, o woniino gardiiɗo konu leydi Kaduna gila lewru Duujal 1993 haa lewru Ut 1996 e laamu konu Seneraal Sani Abacha.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.worldstatesmen.org/Nigeria_federal_states.htm|title=Nigerian States|publisher=World Statesmen|access-date=14 May 2010}}</ref> E hitaande 1996, Isa sosi laamuuji keewɗi ngam yimɓe Zaria walla Kaduna fombina ngam moƴƴinde jam e nder diiwaan Kaduna.[2] E lewru suwee 2000, o woniino tergal mawngal e nder fedde wiyeteende Arewa Consultative Forum, fedde toppitiinde ko fayti e politik to bannge worgo.<ref name=":0">{{cite web|url=https://nigeriaworld.com/articles/2010/jul/021.html|title=Kaduna: A Symbol of Nigeria Cosmopolitan|date=2 July 2010|access-date=7 January 2016|website=NigeriaWorld.com|last=Nwolisa|first=Ifeanyi|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305024521/https://nigeriaworld.com/articles/2010/jul/021.html|archive-date=5 March 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name=":02">{{cite web|url=https://nigeriaworld.com/articles/2010/jul/021.html|title=Kaduna: A Symbol of Nigeria Cosmopolitan|date=2 July 2010|access-date=7 January 2016|website=NigeriaWorld.com|last=Nwolisa|first=Ifeanyi|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305024521/https://nigeriaworld.com/articles/2010/jul/021.html|archive-date=5 March 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name=":03">{{cite web|url=https://nigeriaworld.com/articles/2010/jul/021.html|title=Kaduna: A Symbol of Nigeria Cosmopolitan|date=2 July 2010|access-date=7 January 2016|website=NigeriaWorld.com|last=Nwolisa|first=Ifeanyi|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305024521/https://nigeriaworld.com/articles/2010/jul/021.html|archive-date=5 March 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref> O wonti hooreejo kawtal ɓamtaare lesdi Naajeeriya, kawtal ngal ɗon sembiɗina suɓol Seneraal Ibrahim Babangida nder kawtal hooreejo lesdi nder lewru Abriil 2003.[4] O wonti gardiiɗo Banke PHB.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://allafrica.com/stories/200009210368.html|title=Gowon Accepts to Lead Arewa Forum|work=[[This Day]]|last1=Silas|first1=Udo|last2=Umar|first2=Bature|date=21 September 2000|via=[[allAfrica]]|access-date=29 August 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://allafrica.com/stories/200009210368.html|title=Gowon Accepts to Lead Arewa Forum|work=[[This Day]]|last1=Silas|first1=Udo|last2=Umar|first2=Bature|date=21 September 2000|via=[[allAfrica]]|access-date=29 August 2024}}</ref> Ifeanyi Nwolisa winndi ɗum dow maako: “Mi waawataa siftorgo guwerneeruuji lesdi Kaduna ɓennuɗi fuu, amma woodi gootel feere ko mi ɓuri yiɗugo –wakkati Lt Col. Lawal Jafaru Isa laami Kaduna diga lewru Duujal 1993 – Suwee 1996. Ko wakkati maako Katats ɓuri wooɗugo haa lesdi Zof 1992. Naatgol makko e yaawre e innde makko moƴƴere e ardaade, addani kiris oo ɓeydaade.”<ref name=":1">{{cite web|url=https://www.memorila.com/jafaru-isa-all-you-need-to-know-about-him/|title=Jafaru Isa: All You Need to Know About Him|date=7 January 2016|access-date=7 January 2016|website=Memorila.com|publisher=Barkamart Global Services Ltd.|last=Ahmed|first=Faruk|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304072710/https://www.memorila.com/jafaru-isa-all-you-need-to-know-about-him/|archive-date=4 March 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref> Nwolisa ɓeydi wi'ugo, "Miɗo siftora kawtugo bee Lietnaa Kolonel, bana brigade suka nden bee diina Angalteer, nder gootel nder kawtal sinod yuɓɓinaama haa Ekklessiya Angalteer St Michael mo e wondude e hoolaare moƴƴere e laamu nguu ngam daranaade nguurndam ɓiɓɓe leydi ndii fof tawa ko e dow diine.<ref name=":12">{{cite web|url=https://www.memorila.com/jafaru-isa-all-you-need-to-know-about-him/|title=Jafaru Isa: All You Need to Know About Him|date=7 January 2016|access-date=7 January 2016|website=Memorila.com|publisher=Barkamart Global Services Ltd.|last=Ahmed|first=Faruk|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304072710/https://www.memorila.com/jafaru-isa-all-you-need-to-know-about-him/|archive-date=4 March 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name=":13">{{cite web|url=https://www.memorila.com/jafaru-isa-all-you-need-to-know-about-him/|title=Jafaru Isa: All You Need to Know About Him|date=7 January 2016|access-date=7 January 2016|website=Memorila.com|publisher=Barkamart Global Services Ltd.|last=Ahmed|first=Faruk|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304072710/https://www.memorila.com/jafaru-isa-all-you-need-to-know-about-him/|archive-date=4 March 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Debaaji politik == Isa, balloowo hooreejo lesdi Naajeeriya Muhammadu Buhari, o ɗonno ƴama hooreejo lesdi Naajeeriya, o ɗonno ƴama laamu lesdi Naajeeriya laabi ɗiɗi diga nde demokaraasi warti lesdi Naajeeriya nder hitaande 1999. Arandeere, o ɗonno ƴama lesdi Buhari kesum, mo o sosi ngam waylugo ɓilla lesdi Naajeeriya (CPC) nder hitaande 2011 amma o fooli hooreejo leydi ndi'i Sani Abacha, Alhaji Muhammadu Abacha.[7] Fiɗtaandu makko ɗiɗaɓuru ngam heɓde laamu e les njiimaandi (APC) e hitaande 2015, o yi’aani ñalnde heen kadi caggal nde o fooli e nder wooteeji gardagol leydi ndii, hono Dr. Abdullahi Umar Ganduje.[7] == Ñaawoore fenaande == E nder balɗe ɗiɗi ɗe Isa dogni woote guwerneer, o tuugnii e kampaañ makko ko e nuunɗal. Heewɓe e wondiiɓe makko, haa arti noon e Yakubu Ya’u Isa, mbiyi ko o laaɓɗo no Muhammadu Buhari mo woɓɓe Naajeeriya’en mbiyata Mr. Integrity. Kono ko adii ñalnde 6 lewru Yarkomaa 2015, Komiseer toppitiiɗo bonanndeeji faggudu e kaalis (EFCC), ƴetti mo to galle makko to Abuja ngam jokkondirde e wiɗtooji jowitiiɗi e yoɓde kaalis ummoraade e biro gonnooɗo jaagorgal kisal ngenndiwal.[8] Isa woni hooreejo APC gadano nanngaaɗo e EFCC gila nde fuɗɗii wiɗto ngam humpitaade ko feewti e mbayliigu nguu, tawi ko 2,1 miliyaar dolaar (hedde miliyaar ugiyya) dolaar, tawi ko ardiiɓe laamu nguu, hono Goodluck Ebele Jonathan, gonnooɗo hooreejo leydi ndii, njogori soodde kaɓirɗe. Isa ina sikkaa ko sehil ɓadiiɗo gonnooɗo jaagorgal kisal leydi (NSA) gonɗo e hare, hono Kolonel Sambo Dasuki (Rtrd). Galle Isa ina wiyee ko gollotooɓe e EFCC naati heen hedde waktu 21ɓo kikiiɗe, caggal ɗuum ɓe ndartini ɗum caggal hojomaaji seeɗa. Yontere hade seneraal brigadier pentiiɗo oo nanngeede, noddaango neldaama ngam arde yeeso komisiyoŋ ñalnde 6 lewru nduu ngam laaɓtinde weeyo ngoo e « won e keɓe naamnitooje » ummoraade e gonnooɗo NSA. Limtotooɓe ina cikka wonde soldateeɓe ɓe keɓii ko ɓuri N100million e juuɗe Col. Dasuki.[8] Mooftaama wonde, wonaa teddinde noddaango ngoo, sources mbiyi, Gen. Isa winndi ɓataake feewde e EFCC rewrude e awokaa mum, ngam ɗaɓɓude yo ñalngu ngu o arte e dow daliilu maayde banndiiko. Ina wayi no weltaaki e sababuuji makko, EFCC noon nanngi mo ngam laaɓtinde « keɓe naamnitooje ». Sosɗo Daar Communications Plc., mawɗo Raymond Dokpesi nanngaama ko ɓooyaani ngam N2.1 miliyaar rewindaa e konte makko.[9] O wi'i ceede ɗe o heɓi diga ofisru ardiiɗo lesdi ndi'i wakkati laamu Goodluck Jonathan, ɗum yoɓugo ceede ngam hukuumaaji pamari ɗin e kampaañ siyaasaaku ngam suɓol lesdi 2015. Alhaji Attahiru Bafarawa, gonnooɗo guwerneer Sokoto, kadi ina jogori ñaaweede ngam heɓde miliyoŋaaji 100 ɗi o wiyi ina moofti ngam juulde ruuhuyankoore ngam heɓde nafoore lannda PDP e nder wooteeji 2015. Ko noon kadi gonnooɗo jaagorgal leydi ndii, Bashir Yuguda, nanngaa sabu mum heɓde N1.5billion e biro gonnooɗo NSA rewrude e sosiyetee mo innde mum anndaaka, ngam faandaare nde anndaaka.[10] Ko ɓooyaani koo, kaalirde PDP, mawɗo Olisa Metuh kadi noddaama e EFCC ngam jaabtaade iwdi won e mon tuumaaɗoey to konte sosiyetee omo jogii geɗe mawɗe. Gollotooɓe EFCC ɓe tabitini sosiyetee ina wiyee Destra Investment limited mo Metuh jogii heen geɗal mawngal, keɓii kaalis fotde miliyaaruuji 1,4 dolaar ummoraade e biro jaagorgal kisal leydi ndii.[10] Woɓɓe nder kasoo ɗon mari ɓiɗɗo Mr Bafarawa, Sagir Bafarawa, e ɓiɗɗo gonnooɗo jaagorɗo ko feewti e ndeenka, Bello Mohammed, Abba Mohammed. Doggol yimɓe Naajeeriya noddanooɓe EFCC ina ɓeydoo ñalnde kala. Gagga sonndu nduu wayi ko no ɗoo ko ɓooyaani nii. Jafaru Isa, mawɗo APC gadano, ɓeydaama liɗɗi mawɗi goɗɗi e nder laylaytol EFCC.[10] == Tuugnorgal == 4tfui19v4t0vm1bddjaxwta64t8nsvi 175997 175996 2026-06-23T11:15:41Z Isa Oumar 9821 175997 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}'''Lawal Jafaru Isa''' ko Seneraal konu leydi Naajeeriya, o woniino gardiiɗo konu leydi Kaduna gila lewru Duujal 1993 haa lewru Ut 1996 e laamu konu Seneraal Sani Abacha.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.worldstatesmen.org/Nigeria_federal_states.htm|title=Nigerian States|publisher=World Statesmen|access-date=14 May 2010}}</ref> E hitaande 1996, Isa sosi laamuuji keewɗi ngam yimɓe Zaria walla Kaduna fombina ngam moƴƴinde jam e nder diiwaan Kaduna. E lewru suwee 2000, o woniino tergal mawngal e nder fedde wiyeteende Arewa Consultative Forum, fedde toppitiinde ko fayti e politik to bannge worgo.<ref name=":0">{{cite web|url=https://nigeriaworld.com/articles/2010/jul/021.html|title=Kaduna: A Symbol of Nigeria Cosmopolitan|date=2 July 2010|access-date=7 January 2016|website=NigeriaWorld.com|last=Nwolisa|first=Ifeanyi|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305024521/https://nigeriaworld.com/articles/2010/jul/021.html|archive-date=5 March 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name=":02">{{cite web|url=https://nigeriaworld.com/articles/2010/jul/021.html|title=Kaduna: A Symbol of Nigeria Cosmopolitan|date=2 July 2010|access-date=7 January 2016|website=NigeriaWorld.com|last=Nwolisa|first=Ifeanyi|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305024521/https://nigeriaworld.com/articles/2010/jul/021.html|archive-date=5 March 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name=":03">{{cite web|url=https://nigeriaworld.com/articles/2010/jul/021.html|title=Kaduna: A Symbol of Nigeria Cosmopolitan|date=2 July 2010|access-date=7 January 2016|website=NigeriaWorld.com|last=Nwolisa|first=Ifeanyi|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305024521/https://nigeriaworld.com/articles/2010/jul/021.html|archive-date=5 March 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref> O wonti hooreejo kawtal ɓamtaare lesdi Naajeeriya, kawtal ngal ɗon sembiɗina suɓol Seneraal Ibrahim Babangida nder kawtal hooreejo lesdi nder lewru Abriil 2003.[4] O wonti gardiiɗo Banke PHB.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://allafrica.com/stories/200009210368.html|title=Gowon Accepts to Lead Arewa Forum|work=[[This Day]]|last1=Silas|first1=Udo|last2=Umar|first2=Bature|date=21 September 2000|via=[[allAfrica]]|access-date=29 August 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://allafrica.com/stories/200009210368.html|title=Gowon Accepts to Lead Arewa Forum|work=[[This Day]]|last1=Silas|first1=Udo|last2=Umar|first2=Bature|date=21 September 2000|via=[[allAfrica]]|access-date=29 August 2024}}</ref> Ifeanyi Nwolisa winndi ɗum dow maako: “Mi waawataa siftorgo guwerneeruuji lesdi Kaduna ɓennuɗi fuu, amma woodi gootel feere ko mi ɓuri yiɗugo –wakkati Lt Col. Lawal Jafaru Isa laami Kaduna diga lewru Duujal 1993 – Suwee 1996. Ko wakkati maako Katats ɓuri wooɗugo haa lesdi Zof 1992. Naatgol makko e yaawre e innde makko moƴƴere e ardaade, addani kiris oo ɓeydaade.”<ref name=":1">{{cite web|url=https://www.memorila.com/jafaru-isa-all-you-need-to-know-about-him/|title=Jafaru Isa: All You Need to Know About Him|date=7 January 2016|access-date=7 January 2016|website=Memorila.com|publisher=Barkamart Global Services Ltd.|last=Ahmed|first=Faruk|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304072710/https://www.memorila.com/jafaru-isa-all-you-need-to-know-about-him/|archive-date=4 March 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref> Nwolisa ɓeydi wi'ugo, "Miɗo siftora kawtugo bee Lietnaa Kolonel, bana brigade suka nden bee diina Angalteer, nder gootel nder kawtal sinod yuɓɓinaama haa Ekklessiya Angalteer St Michael mo e wondude e hoolaare moƴƴere e laamu nguu ngam daranaade nguurndam ɓiɓɓe leydi ndii fof tawa ko e dow diine.<ref name=":12">{{cite web|url=https://www.memorila.com/jafaru-isa-all-you-need-to-know-about-him/|title=Jafaru Isa: All You Need to Know About Him|date=7 January 2016|access-date=7 January 2016|website=Memorila.com|publisher=Barkamart Global Services Ltd.|last=Ahmed|first=Faruk|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304072710/https://www.memorila.com/jafaru-isa-all-you-need-to-know-about-him/|archive-date=4 March 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name=":13">{{cite web|url=https://www.memorila.com/jafaru-isa-all-you-need-to-know-about-him/|title=Jafaru Isa: All You Need to Know About Him|date=7 January 2016|access-date=7 January 2016|website=Memorila.com|publisher=Barkamart Global Services Ltd.|last=Ahmed|first=Faruk|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304072710/https://www.memorila.com/jafaru-isa-all-you-need-to-know-about-him/|archive-date=4 March 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Debaaji politik == Isa, balloowo hooreejo lesdi Naajeeriya Muhammadu Buhari, o ɗonno ƴama hooreejo lesdi Naajeeriya, o ɗonno ƴama laamu lesdi Naajeeriya laabi ɗiɗi diga nde demokaraasi warti lesdi Naajeeriya nder hitaande 1999. Arandeere, o ɗonno ƴama lesdi Buhari kesum, mo o sosi ngam waylugo ɓilla lesdi Naajeeriya (CPC) nder hitaande 2011 amma o fooli hooreejo leydi ndi'i Sani Abacha, Alhaji Muhammadu Abacha.[7] Fiɗtaandu makko ɗiɗaɓuru ngam heɓde laamu e les njiimaandi (APC) e hitaande 2015, o yi’aani ñalnde heen kadi caggal nde o fooli e nder wooteeji gardagol leydi ndii, hono Dr. Abdullahi Umar Ganduje.[7] == Ñaawoore fenaande == E nder balɗe ɗiɗi ɗe Isa dogni woote guwerneer, o tuugnii e kampaañ makko ko e nuunɗal. Heewɓe e wondiiɓe makko, haa arti noon e Yakubu Ya’u Isa, mbiyi ko o laaɓɗo no Muhammadu Buhari mo woɓɓe Naajeeriya’en mbiyata Mr. Integrity. Kono ko adii ñalnde 6 lewru Yarkomaa 2015, Komiseer toppitiiɗo bonanndeeji faggudu e kaalis (EFCC), ƴetti mo to galle makko to Abuja ngam jokkondirde e wiɗtooji jowitiiɗi e yoɓde kaalis ummoraade e biro gonnooɗo jaagorgal kisal ngenndiwal.[8] Isa woni hooreejo APC gadano nanngaaɗo e EFCC gila nde fuɗɗii wiɗto ngam humpitaade ko feewti e mbayliigu nguu, tawi ko 2,1 miliyaar dolaar (hedde miliyaar ugiyya) dolaar, tawi ko ardiiɓe laamu nguu, hono Goodluck Ebele Jonathan, gonnooɗo hooreejo leydi ndii, njogori soodde kaɓirɗe. Isa ina sikkaa ko sehil ɓadiiɗo gonnooɗo jaagorgal kisal leydi (NSA) gonɗo e hare, hono Kolonel Sambo Dasuki (Rtrd). Galle Isa ina wiyee ko gollotooɓe e EFCC naati heen hedde waktu 21ɓo kikiiɗe, caggal ɗuum ɓe ndartini ɗum caggal hojomaaji seeɗa. Yontere hade seneraal brigadier pentiiɗo oo nanngeede, noddaango neldaama ngam arde yeeso komisiyoŋ ñalnde 6 lewru nduu ngam laaɓtinde weeyo ngoo e « won e keɓe naamnitooje » ummoraade e gonnooɗo NSA. Limtotooɓe ina cikka wonde soldateeɓe ɓe keɓii ko ɓuri N100million e juuɗe Col. Dasuki.[8] Mooftaama wonde, wonaa teddinde noddaango ngoo, sources mbiyi, Gen. Isa winndi ɓataake feewde e EFCC rewrude e awokaa mum, ngam ɗaɓɓude yo ñalngu ngu o arte e dow daliilu maayde banndiiko. Ina wayi no weltaaki e sababuuji makko, EFCC noon nanngi mo ngam laaɓtinde « keɓe naamnitooje ». Sosɗo Daar Communications Plc., mawɗo Raymond Dokpesi nanngaama ko ɓooyaani ngam N2.1 miliyaar rewindaa e konte makko.[9] O wi'i ceede ɗe o heɓi diga ofisru ardiiɗo lesdi ndi'i wakkati laamu Goodluck Jonathan, ɗum yoɓugo ceede ngam hukuumaaji pamari ɗin e kampaañ siyaasaaku ngam suɓol lesdi 2015. Alhaji Attahiru Bafarawa, gonnooɗo guwerneer Sokoto, kadi ina jogori ñaaweede ngam heɓde miliyoŋaaji 100 ɗi o wiyi ina moofti ngam juulde ruuhuyankoore ngam heɓde nafoore lannda PDP e nder wooteeji 2015. Ko noon kadi gonnooɗo jaagorgal leydi ndii, Bashir Yuguda, nanngaa sabu mum heɓde N1.5billion e biro gonnooɗo NSA rewrude e sosiyetee mo innde mum anndaaka, ngam faandaare nde anndaaka.[10] Ko ɓooyaani koo, kaalirde PDP, mawɗo Olisa Metuh kadi noddaama e EFCC ngam jaabtaade iwdi won e mon tuumaaɗoey to konte sosiyetee omo jogii geɗe mawɗe. Gollotooɓe EFCC ɓe tabitini sosiyetee ina wiyee Destra Investment limited mo Metuh jogii heen geɗal mawngal, keɓii kaalis fotde miliyaaruuji 1,4 dolaar ummoraade e biro jaagorgal kisal leydi ndii.[10] Woɓɓe nder kasoo ɗon mari ɓiɗɗo Mr Bafarawa, Sagir Bafarawa, e ɓiɗɗo gonnooɗo jaagorɗo ko feewti e ndeenka, Bello Mohammed, Abba Mohammed. Doggol yimɓe Naajeeriya noddanooɓe EFCC ina ɓeydoo ñalnde kala. Gagga sonndu nduu wayi ko no ɗoo ko ɓooyaani nii. Jafaru Isa, mawɗo APC gadano, ɓeydaama liɗɗi mawɗi goɗɗi e nder laylaytol EFCC.[10] == Tuugnorgal == lp3dpwk08igm3qvxbvoxv4qn687pkxq 0 42476 175998 2026-06-23T11:24:33Z Isa Oumar 9821 Created page with "Lawal Kaita ListenR (4 Oktoobar 1932 – 2 Janvier 2018) ko siyaasaajo Naajeeriya cuɓaaɗo e dow laylaytol lannda ngenndiijo Naajeeriya (NPN) ngam wonde guwerneer diiwaan Kaduna, Naajeeriya, o joginoo laamu hakkunde Oktoobar e Desammbar 1983, nde Republique ɗiɗaɓo Naajeeriya timmini laamu Seneraal Muhari Buhamdu. O jokki e wonde politikaajo mawɗo e nder leydi Naajeeriya, o jeyaa ko e sosɓe lannda Action Congress of Nigeria (AC) e lewru Seeɗto hitaande 2006. Won e..." 175998 wikitext text/x-wiki Lawal Kaita ListenR (4 Oktoobar 1932 – 2 Janvier 2018) ko siyaasaajo Naajeeriya cuɓaaɗo e dow laylaytol lannda ngenndiijo Naajeeriya (NPN) ngam wonde guwerneer diiwaan Kaduna, Naajeeriya, o joginoo laamu hakkunde Oktoobar e Desammbar 1983, nde Republique ɗiɗaɓo Naajeeriya timmini laamu Seneraal Muhari Buhamdu. O jokki e wonde politikaajo mawɗo e nder leydi Naajeeriya, o jeyaa ko e sosɓe lannda Action Congress of Nigeria (AC) e lewru Seeɗto hitaande 2006. Won e sources ina ciftora ko adii suɓngo hooreejo leydi Naajeeriya 2011: "Fuɗnaange ina felliti so ɗum waɗii, ngam waɗde kala Johannaajo leydi Naajeeriya goɗɗo 'pu ina heɓa laawol mum e jooɗorde laamu e dow laylaytol PDP e dow sarɗiiji politik zoning lannda kaa.[2][3][4] Nguurndam e jaŋde puɗɗagol Kaita jibinaa ko ñalnde 4 lewru nduu hitaande 1932 to Katsina, to fuɗnaange leydi Najeriya.[5] Ko o ƴiiƴam hooreejo leydi Umaru Musa Yar'Adua, kadi ko o tergal e galle laamɗo Nagogo, laamɓe aadaaji Emiraaji Katsina.[6][7] O naati duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Barewa, Zaria (1946-1950) caggal ɗuum o janngi to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde faggudu to Londres (1971-1972).[8] == Kugal == Caggal nde o warti Naajeeriya, Kaita naati nder kuugal laamu lesdi Kaduna. O woniino Sekreteruuji e nder Yiilirde Ndiyam Dowla (1973–1975), Komisariyaa toppitiiɗo peewnugol faggudu (1975–1976) e cukko Sekereteer duumotooɗo e Ministeer Golle Dowla Kaduna (1976–1977).<ref name="td1972">{{cite web|url=http://allafrica.com/stories/200901140197.html?page=2|title=Where Are Second Republic Governors?|work=This Day|author=Ademola Adeyemo|date=13 January 2009|accessdate=20 April 2010}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://saharareporters.com/2014/03/15/now-nigeria-ungovernable-what-next|location=New York City, United States|title=Now That Nigeria Is Ungovernable What Next?|date=2014-03-15|access-date=2018-03-06|newspaper=[[Sahara Reporters]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://ends.ng/fact-it-was-pdp-that-promised-to-make-nigeria-ungovernable-in-2011-buhari-never-did/|title=FACT: It Was PDP That Promised To Make Nigeria Ungovernable in 2011, Buhari Never Did!|date=2014-08-04|work=Every Nigerian Do Something [ENDS]|access-date=2018-03-06|language=en-US|archive-date=2018-03-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180307023706/http://ends.ng/fact-it-was-pdp-that-promised-to-make-nigeria-ungovernable-in-2011-buhari-never-did/|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Fuɗɗoode golle politik == Kaita toɗɗaama tergal e suudu sarɗiiji leydi Najeriya (1977-1978) o wonti balloowo keeriiɗo hooreejo leydi ndi hono Shehu Shagari (1980-1982).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://nm.onlinenigeria.com/templates/?a=12377&z=5|title=I want Yar'Adua removed by Supreme Court – Lawal Kaita|date=9 June 2008|author=Femi Babafemi|work=Online Nigeria Daily News|accessdate=20 April 2010|archive-date=27 February 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120227053308/http://nm.onlinenigeria.com/templates/?a=12377&z=5|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="gladiator">{{cite web|url=http://www.thisdayonline.com/archive/2002/05/09/20020509pol05.html|title=In Katsina, Gladiators Jostle for Supremacy|work=ThisDay|date=9 May 2002|accessdate=20 April 2010|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20050123012935/http://www.thisdayonline.com/archive/2002/05/09/20020509pol05.html|archivedate=23 January 2005}}</ref> E hitaande 1979, o fooli Abdulkadir Balarabe Muusa e suɓngooji ngam wonde guwerneer diiwaan Kaduna.[9] Kaita walli NPN ngam ittude guwerneer Musa e lewru suwee 1981.[10] E hitaande 1982, caggal maayde Amiir, Kaita haɓaama e laamɗo Katsina.Usmaan Nagogo.<ref name="tday619">{{cite web|url=http://www.thisdayonline.com/archive/2003/06/19/20030619ban02.html|title=Those Behind SGBN Bank|work=ThisDay|date=19 June 2003|accessdate=20 April 2010|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20050123072010/http://www.thisdayonline.com/archive/2003/06/19/20030619ban02.html|archivedate=23 January 2005}}</ref> O suɓaama Gomnaajo lesdi Kaduna nder suɓol 1983, o jo'i lesdi ndi'i lebbi seɗɗa haa kuugal sooja'en waɗi nder lewru Duujal hitaande nde'e.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://nm.onlinenigeria.com/templates/?a=12377&z=5|title=I want Yar'Adua removed by Supreme Court – Lawal Kaita|date=9 June 2008|author=Femi Babafemi|work=Online Nigeria Daily News|accessdate=20 April 2010|archive-date=27 February 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120227053308/http://nm.onlinenigeria.com/templates/?a=12377&z=5|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="gladiator2">{{cite web|url=http://www.thisdayonline.com/archive/2002/05/09/20020509pol05.html|title=In Katsina, Gladiators Jostle for Supremacy|work=ThisDay|date=9 May 2002|accessdate=20 April 2010|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20050123012935/http://www.thisdayonline.com/archive/2002/05/09/20020509pol05.html|archivedate=23 January 2005}}</ref> E hitaande 1995, caggal nde Seneraal Shehu Musa Yar'Adua nanngaa e juuɗe laamu Sani Abacha, Kaita toɗɗaa hooreejo fedde Yar'Adua (PDM) nde wonnoo ko yimɓe dawriyankooɓe ko wayi no Atiku Abubakar, Abdullahi Aliyu Sumaila, Magaji Abdulkwaso Kwawaso e Rabiu. PDM hawritii e The New Dimension, The National Transformation Congress, won e terɗe mawɗe e nder Dental Manndaaji Fuɗnaange e won e cate dowlaaji e nder Goomu nanondiral ngenndiwal (CNC) ngam sosde lannda nanondiral leƴƴi ɗo ɓe ɗaɓɓata winnditaade e sahaa mbayliigu Sani Abacha kono ɓe mbinnditaaki.[11] Kaita wonnoo ko tergal e batu doosɗe leydi (1994-1995).[5] O woniino tergal sosngal lannda PDP e hitaande 1998.<ref name="tday6192">{{cite web|url=http://www.thisdayonline.com/archive/2003/06/19/20030619ban02.html|title=Those Behind SGBN Bank|work=ThisDay|date=19 June 2003|accessdate=20 April 2010|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20050123072010/http://www.thisdayonline.com/archive/2003/06/19/20030619ban02.html|archivedate=23 January 2005}}</ref> == Republique nayaɓere == Laamu hooreejo leydi Olusegun Obasanjo, garɗo e laamu e lewru mee 1999, toɗɗii Kaita hooreejo gooto e parastataluuji e nder ministeer ko fayti e yah-ngartaa.[10] E lewru ut 2001, o naati e hare ngam heɓtude dille PDM e jaagorgal golle e koɗki, hono Tony Anenih. E lewru mee 2002, o wonii hooreejo fedde Polo leydi Najeriya.<ref name="tday6193">{{cite web|url=http://www.thisdayonline.com/archive/2003/06/19/20030619ban02.html|title=Those Behind SGBN Bank|work=ThisDay|date=19 June 2003|accessdate=20 April 2010|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20050123072010/http://www.thisdayonline.com/archive/2003/06/19/20030619ban02.html|archivedate=23 January 2005}}</ref><ref name="tday6194">{{cite web|url=http://www.thisdayonline.com/archive/2003/06/19/20030619ban02.html|title=Those Behind SGBN Bank|work=ThisDay|date=19 June 2003|accessdate=20 April 2010|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20050123072010/http://www.thisdayonline.com/archive/2003/06/19/20030619ban02.html|archivedate=23 January 2005}}</ref> E lewru suwee 2003, o woniino hooreejo fedde Maritime, tergal e yiilirde toppitiinde ko fayti e PDP, e gardiiɗo Banke SGBN. Kaita yalti PDP ngam tawtoreede woɗɓe e sosde lannda Action Congress (AC) e lewru suwee 2006 ; Cukko hooreejo leydi Atiku Abubakar, lomtotooɗo Kongres Action, fuɗɗii ɗaɓɓaande mum ngam suɓaade hooreejo leydi ndii, tawi o dañaani heen nafoore, e hitaande 2007. E nder balɗe garooje wooteeji ɗii, Kaita, mo duuɓi 74, nanngaa ko e juuɗe sarwisaaji kisal leydi ndii, tawi ina tuuma wonde ko o ƴettuɗo e jannginde hooligan en.<ref name="td197">{{cite web|url=http://allafrica.com/stories/200901140197.html?page=2|title=Where Are Second Republic Governors?|work=This Day|author=Ademola Adeyemo|date=13 January 2009|accessdate=20 April 2010}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://saharareporters.com/2014/03/15/now-nigeria-ungovernable-what-next|location=New York City, United States|title=Now That Nigeria Is Ungovernable What Next?|date=2014-03-15|access-date=2018-03-06|newspaper=[[Sahara Reporters]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://ends.ng/fact-it-was-pdp-that-promised-to-make-nigeria-ungovernable-in-2011-buhari-never-did/|title=FACT: It Was PDP That Promised To Make Nigeria Ungovernable in 2011, Buhari Never Did!|date=2014-08-04|work=Every Nigerian Do Something [ENDS]|access-date=2018-03-06|language=en-US|archive-date=2018-03-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180307023706/http://ends.ng/fact-it-was-pdp-that-promised-to-make-nigeria-ungovernable-in-2011-buhari-never-did/|url-status=dead}}</ref> E lewru mars 2010, woodi haalaaji dow Kaita footi warta haa PDP ɓaawo kawtal maako bee guwerneer lesdi Katsina Ibrahim Shema e ardiiɓe PDP woɓɓe. E nder yeewtere jaaynde e lewru abriil 2010, Kaita wiyi wonde ko kanko woni hooreejo konngol wondiiɓe Atiku Abubakar, omo ɗaminii Atiku ina naata e PDP. Ñalnde 19 lewru bowte hitaande 2010, Kaita jaɓɓaama e PDP e juuɗe guwerneer Shema, e nder kewu ngu 50 000 depiteeji ummoriiɗi e Kongres Action to laamuuji nokkuuji Ingawa, Kusada e Kankia tawtoraama.[15] O sankii ko ñalnde 2 lewru bowte hitaande 2018, omo yahra e duuɓi 85. == Ƴeew kadi == * Doggol guwerneeruuji diiwaan Kaduna * Doggol yimɓe duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde London == Tuugnorgal == 4echye6lca6xpnlb6ttwoz4o6w9wvc9 175999 175998 2026-06-23T11:25:21Z Isa Oumar 9821 175999 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}'''Lawal Kaita''' (4 Oktoobar 1932 – 2 Janvier 2018) ko siyaasaajo Naajeeriya cuɓaaɗo e dow laylaytol lannda ngenndiijo Naajeeriya (NPN) ngam wonde guwerneer diiwaan Kaduna, Naajeeriya, o joginoo laamu hakkunde Oktoobar e Desammbar 1983, nde Republique ɗiɗaɓo Naajeeriya timmini laamu Seneraal Muhari Buhamdu. O jokki e wonde politikaajo mawɗo e nder leydi Naajeeriya, o jeyaa ko e sosɓe lannda Action Congress of Nigeria (AC) e lewru Seeɗto hitaande 2006. Won e sources ina ciftora ko adii suɓngo hooreejo leydi Naajeeriya 2011: "Fuɗnaange ina felliti so ɗum waɗii, ngam waɗde kala Johannaajo leydi Naajeeriya goɗɗo 'pu ina heɓa laawol mum e jooɗorde laamu e dow laylaytol PDP e dow sarɗiiji politik zoning lannda kaa.[2][3][4] Nguurndam e jaŋde puɗɗagol Kaita jibinaa ko ñalnde 4 lewru nduu hitaande 1932 to Katsina, to fuɗnaange leydi Najeriya.[5] Ko o ƴiiƴam hooreejo leydi Umaru Musa Yar'Adua, kadi ko o tergal e galle laamɗo Nagogo, laamɓe aadaaji Emiraaji Katsina.[6][7] O naati duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Barewa, Zaria (1946-1950) caggal ɗuum o janngi to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde faggudu to Londres (1971-1972).[8] == Kugal == Caggal nde o warti Naajeeriya, Kaita naati nder kuugal laamu lesdi Kaduna. O woniino Sekreteruuji e nder Yiilirde Ndiyam Dowla (1973–1975), Komisariyaa toppitiiɗo peewnugol faggudu (1975–1976) e cukko Sekereteer duumotooɗo e Ministeer Golle Dowla Kaduna (1976–1977).<ref name="td1972">{{cite web|url=http://allafrica.com/stories/200901140197.html?page=2|title=Where Are Second Republic Governors?|work=This Day|author=Ademola Adeyemo|date=13 January 2009|accessdate=20 April 2010}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://saharareporters.com/2014/03/15/now-nigeria-ungovernable-what-next|location=New York City, United States|title=Now That Nigeria Is Ungovernable What Next?|date=2014-03-15|access-date=2018-03-06|newspaper=[[Sahara Reporters]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://ends.ng/fact-it-was-pdp-that-promised-to-make-nigeria-ungovernable-in-2011-buhari-never-did/|title=FACT: It Was PDP That Promised To Make Nigeria Ungovernable in 2011, Buhari Never Did!|date=2014-08-04|work=Every Nigerian Do Something [ENDS]|access-date=2018-03-06|language=en-US|archive-date=2018-03-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180307023706/http://ends.ng/fact-it-was-pdp-that-promised-to-make-nigeria-ungovernable-in-2011-buhari-never-did/|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Fuɗɗoode golle politik == Kaita toɗɗaama tergal e suudu sarɗiiji leydi Najeriya (1977-1978) o wonti balloowo keeriiɗo hooreejo leydi ndi hono Shehu Shagari (1980-1982).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://nm.onlinenigeria.com/templates/?a=12377&z=5|title=I want Yar'Adua removed by Supreme Court – Lawal Kaita|date=9 June 2008|author=Femi Babafemi|work=Online Nigeria Daily News|accessdate=20 April 2010|archive-date=27 February 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120227053308/http://nm.onlinenigeria.com/templates/?a=12377&z=5|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="gladiator">{{cite web|url=http://www.thisdayonline.com/archive/2002/05/09/20020509pol05.html|title=In Katsina, Gladiators Jostle for Supremacy|work=ThisDay|date=9 May 2002|accessdate=20 April 2010|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20050123012935/http://www.thisdayonline.com/archive/2002/05/09/20020509pol05.html|archivedate=23 January 2005}}</ref> E hitaande 1979, o fooli Abdulkadir Balarabe Muusa e suɓngooji ngam wonde guwerneer diiwaan Kaduna.[9] Kaita walli NPN ngam ittude guwerneer Musa e lewru suwee 1981.[10] E hitaande 1982, caggal maayde Amiir, Kaita haɓaama e laamɗo Katsina.Usmaan Nagogo.<ref name="tday619">{{cite web|url=http://www.thisdayonline.com/archive/2003/06/19/20030619ban02.html|title=Those Behind SGBN Bank|work=ThisDay|date=19 June 2003|accessdate=20 April 2010|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20050123072010/http://www.thisdayonline.com/archive/2003/06/19/20030619ban02.html|archivedate=23 January 2005}}</ref> O suɓaama Gomnaajo lesdi Kaduna nder suɓol 1983, o jo'i lesdi ndi'i lebbi seɗɗa haa kuugal sooja'en waɗi nder lewru Duujal hitaande nde'e.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://nm.onlinenigeria.com/templates/?a=12377&z=5|title=I want Yar'Adua removed by Supreme Court – Lawal Kaita|date=9 June 2008|author=Femi Babafemi|work=Online Nigeria Daily News|accessdate=20 April 2010|archive-date=27 February 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120227053308/http://nm.onlinenigeria.com/templates/?a=12377&z=5|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="gladiator2">{{cite web|url=http://www.thisdayonline.com/archive/2002/05/09/20020509pol05.html|title=In Katsina, Gladiators Jostle for Supremacy|work=ThisDay|date=9 May 2002|accessdate=20 April 2010|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20050123012935/http://www.thisdayonline.com/archive/2002/05/09/20020509pol05.html|archivedate=23 January 2005}}</ref> E hitaande 1995, caggal nde Seneraal Shehu Musa Yar'Adua nanngaa e juuɗe laamu Sani Abacha, Kaita toɗɗaa hooreejo fedde Yar'Adua (PDM) nde wonnoo ko yimɓe dawriyankooɓe ko wayi no Atiku Abubakar, Abdullahi Aliyu Sumaila, Magaji Abdulkwaso Kwawaso e Rabiu. PDM hawritii e The New Dimension, The National Transformation Congress, won e terɗe mawɗe e nder Dental Manndaaji Fuɗnaange e won e cate dowlaaji e nder Goomu nanondiral ngenndiwal (CNC) ngam sosde lannda nanondiral leƴƴi ɗo ɓe ɗaɓɓata winnditaade e sahaa mbayliigu Sani Abacha kono ɓe mbinnditaaki.[11] Kaita wonnoo ko tergal e batu doosɗe leydi (1994-1995).[5] O woniino tergal sosngal lannda PDP e hitaande 1998.<ref name="tday6192">{{cite web|url=http://www.thisdayonline.com/archive/2003/06/19/20030619ban02.html|title=Those Behind SGBN Bank|work=ThisDay|date=19 June 2003|accessdate=20 April 2010|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20050123072010/http://www.thisdayonline.com/archive/2003/06/19/20030619ban02.html|archivedate=23 January 2005}}</ref> == Republique nayaɓere == Laamu hooreejo leydi Olusegun Obasanjo, garɗo e laamu e lewru mee 1999, toɗɗii Kaita hooreejo gooto e parastataluuji e nder ministeer ko fayti e yah-ngartaa.[10] E lewru ut 2001, o naati e hare ngam heɓtude dille PDM e jaagorgal golle e koɗki, hono Tony Anenih. E lewru mee 2002, o wonii hooreejo fedde Polo leydi Najeriya.<ref name="tday6193">{{cite web|url=http://www.thisdayonline.com/archive/2003/06/19/20030619ban02.html|title=Those Behind SGBN Bank|work=ThisDay|date=19 June 2003|accessdate=20 April 2010|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20050123072010/http://www.thisdayonline.com/archive/2003/06/19/20030619ban02.html|archivedate=23 January 2005}}</ref><ref name="tday6194">{{cite web|url=http://www.thisdayonline.com/archive/2003/06/19/20030619ban02.html|title=Those Behind SGBN Bank|work=ThisDay|date=19 June 2003|accessdate=20 April 2010|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20050123072010/http://www.thisdayonline.com/archive/2003/06/19/20030619ban02.html|archivedate=23 January 2005}}</ref> E lewru suwee 2003, o woniino hooreejo fedde Maritime, tergal e yiilirde toppitiinde ko fayti e PDP, e gardiiɗo Banke SGBN. Kaita yalti PDP ngam tawtoreede woɗɓe e sosde lannda Action Congress (AC) e lewru suwee 2006 ; Cukko hooreejo leydi Atiku Abubakar, lomtotooɗo Kongres Action, fuɗɗii ɗaɓɓaande mum ngam suɓaade hooreejo leydi ndii, tawi o dañaani heen nafoore, e hitaande 2007. E nder balɗe garooje wooteeji ɗii, Kaita, mo duuɓi 74, nanngaa ko e juuɗe sarwisaaji kisal leydi ndii, tawi ina tuuma wonde ko o ƴettuɗo e jannginde hooligan en.<ref name="td197">{{cite web|url=http://allafrica.com/stories/200901140197.html?page=2|title=Where Are Second Republic Governors?|work=This Day|author=Ademola Adeyemo|date=13 January 2009|accessdate=20 April 2010}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://saharareporters.com/2014/03/15/now-nigeria-ungovernable-what-next|location=New York City, United States|title=Now That Nigeria Is Ungovernable What Next?|date=2014-03-15|access-date=2018-03-06|newspaper=[[Sahara Reporters]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://ends.ng/fact-it-was-pdp-that-promised-to-make-nigeria-ungovernable-in-2011-buhari-never-did/|title=FACT: It Was PDP That Promised To Make Nigeria Ungovernable in 2011, Buhari Never Did!|date=2014-08-04|work=Every Nigerian Do Something [ENDS]|access-date=2018-03-06|language=en-US|archive-date=2018-03-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180307023706/http://ends.ng/fact-it-was-pdp-that-promised-to-make-nigeria-ungovernable-in-2011-buhari-never-did/|url-status=dead}}</ref> E lewru mars 2010, woodi haalaaji dow Kaita footi warta haa PDP ɓaawo kawtal maako bee guwerneer lesdi Katsina Ibrahim Shema e ardiiɓe PDP woɓɓe. E nder yeewtere jaaynde e lewru abriil 2010, Kaita wiyi wonde ko kanko woni hooreejo konngol wondiiɓe Atiku Abubakar, omo ɗaminii Atiku ina naata e PDP. Ñalnde 19 lewru bowte hitaande 2010, Kaita jaɓɓaama e PDP e juuɗe guwerneer Shema, e nder kewu ngu 50 000 depiteeji ummoriiɗi e Kongres Action to laamuuji nokkuuji Ingawa, Kusada e Kankia tawtoraama.[15] O sankii ko ñalnde 2 lewru bowte hitaande 2018, omo yahra e duuɓi 85. == Ƴeew kadi == * Doggol guwerneeruuji diiwaan Kaduna * Doggol yimɓe duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde London == Tuugnorgal == 2je1q9cjscjbhbjdmrbyp7oz4epu3vw 176000 175999 2026-06-23T11:26:31Z Isa Oumar 9821 176000 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}'''Lawal Kaita''' (4 Oktoobar 1932 – 2 Janvier 2018) ko siyaasaajo Naajeeriya cuɓaaɗo e dow laylaytol lannda ngenndiijo Naajeeriya (NPN) ngam wonde guwerneer diiwaan Kaduna, Naajeeriya, o joginoo laamu hakkunde Oktoobar e Desammbar 1983, nde Republique ɗiɗaɓo Naajeeriya timmini laamu Seneraal Muhari Buhamdu. O jokki e wonde politikaajo mawɗo e nder leydi Naajeeriya, o jeyaa ko e sosɓe lannda Action Congress of Nigeria (AC) e lewru Seeɗto hitaande 2006. Won e sources ina ciftora ko adii suɓngo hooreejo leydi Naajeeriya 2011: "Fuɗnaange ina felliti so ɗum waɗii, ngam waɗde kala Johannaajo leydi Naajeeriya goɗɗo 'pu ina heɓa laawol mum e jooɗorde laamu e dow laylaytol PDP e dow sarɗiiji politik zoning lannda kaa. == Nguurndam e jaŋde puɗɗagol == Kaita jibinaa ko ñalnde 4 lewru nduu hitaande 1932 to Katsina, to fuɗnaange leydi Najeriya. Ko o ƴiiƴam hooreejo leydi Umaru Musa Yar'Adua, kadi ko o tergal e galle laamɗo Nagogo, laamɓe aadaaji Emiraaji Katsina. O naati duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Barewa, Zaria (1946-1950) caggal ɗuum o janngi to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde faggudu to Londres (1971-1972). == Kugal == Caggal nde o warti Naajeeriya, Kaita naati nder kuugal laamu lesdi Kaduna. O woniino Sekreteruuji e nder Yiilirde Ndiyam Dowla (1973–1975), Komisariyaa toppitiiɗo peewnugol faggudu (1975–1976) e cukko Sekereteer duumotooɗo e Ministeer Golle Dowla Kaduna (1976–1977).<ref name="td1972">{{cite web|url=http://allafrica.com/stories/200901140197.html?page=2|title=Where Are Second Republic Governors?|work=This Day|author=Ademola Adeyemo|date=13 January 2009|accessdate=20 April 2010}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://saharareporters.com/2014/03/15/now-nigeria-ungovernable-what-next|location=New York City, United States|title=Now That Nigeria Is Ungovernable What Next?|date=2014-03-15|access-date=2018-03-06|newspaper=[[Sahara Reporters]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://ends.ng/fact-it-was-pdp-that-promised-to-make-nigeria-ungovernable-in-2011-buhari-never-did/|title=FACT: It Was PDP That Promised To Make Nigeria Ungovernable in 2011, Buhari Never Did!|date=2014-08-04|work=Every Nigerian Do Something [ENDS]|access-date=2018-03-06|language=en-US|archive-date=2018-03-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180307023706/http://ends.ng/fact-it-was-pdp-that-promised-to-make-nigeria-ungovernable-in-2011-buhari-never-did/|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Fuɗɗoode golle politik == Kaita toɗɗaama tergal e suudu sarɗiiji leydi Najeriya (1977-1978) o wonti balloowo keeriiɗo hooreejo leydi ndi hono Shehu Shagari (1980-1982).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://nm.onlinenigeria.com/templates/?a=12377&z=5|title=I want Yar'Adua removed by Supreme Court – Lawal Kaita|date=9 June 2008|author=Femi Babafemi|work=Online Nigeria Daily News|accessdate=20 April 2010|archive-date=27 February 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120227053308/http://nm.onlinenigeria.com/templates/?a=12377&z=5|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="gladiator">{{cite web|url=http://www.thisdayonline.com/archive/2002/05/09/20020509pol05.html|title=In Katsina, Gladiators Jostle for Supremacy|work=ThisDay|date=9 May 2002|accessdate=20 April 2010|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20050123012935/http://www.thisdayonline.com/archive/2002/05/09/20020509pol05.html|archivedate=23 January 2005}}</ref> E hitaande 1979, o fooli Abdulkadir Balarabe Muusa e suɓngooji ngam wonde guwerneer diiwaan Kaduna.[9] Kaita walli NPN ngam ittude guwerneer Musa e lewru suwee 1981.[10] E hitaande 1982, caggal maayde Amiir, Kaita haɓaama e laamɗo Katsina.Usmaan Nagogo.<ref name="tday619">{{cite web|url=http://www.thisdayonline.com/archive/2003/06/19/20030619ban02.html|title=Those Behind SGBN Bank|work=ThisDay|date=19 June 2003|accessdate=20 April 2010|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20050123072010/http://www.thisdayonline.com/archive/2003/06/19/20030619ban02.html|archivedate=23 January 2005}}</ref> O suɓaama Gomnaajo lesdi Kaduna nder suɓol 1983, o jo'i lesdi ndi'i lebbi seɗɗa haa kuugal sooja'en waɗi nder lewru Duujal hitaande nde'e.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://nm.onlinenigeria.com/templates/?a=12377&z=5|title=I want Yar'Adua removed by Supreme Court – Lawal Kaita|date=9 June 2008|author=Femi Babafemi|work=Online Nigeria Daily News|accessdate=20 April 2010|archive-date=27 February 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120227053308/http://nm.onlinenigeria.com/templates/?a=12377&z=5|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="gladiator2">{{cite web|url=http://www.thisdayonline.com/archive/2002/05/09/20020509pol05.html|title=In Katsina, Gladiators Jostle for Supremacy|work=ThisDay|date=9 May 2002|accessdate=20 April 2010|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20050123012935/http://www.thisdayonline.com/archive/2002/05/09/20020509pol05.html|archivedate=23 January 2005}}</ref> E hitaande 1995, caggal nde Seneraal Shehu Musa Yar'Adua nanngaa e juuɗe laamu Sani Abacha, Kaita toɗɗaa hooreejo fedde Yar'Adua (PDM) nde wonnoo ko yimɓe dawriyankooɓe ko wayi no Atiku Abubakar, Abdullahi Aliyu Sumaila, Magaji Abdulkwaso Kwawaso e Rabiu. PDM hawritii e The New Dimension, The National Transformation Congress, won e terɗe mawɗe e nder Dental Manndaaji Fuɗnaange e won e cate dowlaaji e nder Goomu nanondiral ngenndiwal (CNC) ngam sosde lannda nanondiral leƴƴi ɗo ɓe ɗaɓɓata winnditaade e sahaa mbayliigu Sani Abacha kono ɓe mbinnditaaki.[11] Kaita wonnoo ko tergal e batu doosɗe leydi (1994-1995).[5] O woniino tergal sosngal lannda PDP e hitaande 1998.<ref name="tday6192">{{cite web|url=http://www.thisdayonline.com/archive/2003/06/19/20030619ban02.html|title=Those Behind SGBN Bank|work=ThisDay|date=19 June 2003|accessdate=20 April 2010|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20050123072010/http://www.thisdayonline.com/archive/2003/06/19/20030619ban02.html|archivedate=23 January 2005}}</ref> == Republique nayaɓere == Laamu hooreejo leydi Olusegun Obasanjo, garɗo e laamu e lewru mee 1999, toɗɗii Kaita hooreejo gooto e parastataluuji e nder ministeer ko fayti e yah-ngartaa.[10] E lewru ut 2001, o naati e hare ngam heɓtude dille PDM e jaagorgal golle e koɗki, hono Tony Anenih. E lewru mee 2002, o wonii hooreejo fedde Polo leydi Najeriya.<ref name="tday6193">{{cite web|url=http://www.thisdayonline.com/archive/2003/06/19/20030619ban02.html|title=Those Behind SGBN Bank|work=ThisDay|date=19 June 2003|accessdate=20 April 2010|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20050123072010/http://www.thisdayonline.com/archive/2003/06/19/20030619ban02.html|archivedate=23 January 2005}}</ref><ref name="tday6194">{{cite web|url=http://www.thisdayonline.com/archive/2003/06/19/20030619ban02.html|title=Those Behind SGBN Bank|work=ThisDay|date=19 June 2003|accessdate=20 April 2010|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20050123072010/http://www.thisdayonline.com/archive/2003/06/19/20030619ban02.html|archivedate=23 January 2005}}</ref> E lewru suwee 2003, o woniino hooreejo fedde Maritime, tergal e yiilirde toppitiinde ko fayti e PDP, e gardiiɗo Banke SGBN. Kaita yalti PDP ngam tawtoreede woɗɓe e sosde lannda Action Congress (AC) e lewru suwee 2006 ; Cukko hooreejo leydi Atiku Abubakar, lomtotooɗo Kongres Action, fuɗɗii ɗaɓɓaande mum ngam suɓaade hooreejo leydi ndii, tawi o dañaani heen nafoore, e hitaande 2007. E nder balɗe garooje wooteeji ɗii, Kaita, mo duuɓi 74, nanngaa ko e juuɗe sarwisaaji kisal leydi ndii, tawi ina tuuma wonde ko o ƴettuɗo e jannginde hooligan en.<ref name="td197">{{cite web|url=http://allafrica.com/stories/200901140197.html?page=2|title=Where Are Second Republic Governors?|work=This Day|author=Ademola Adeyemo|date=13 January 2009|accessdate=20 April 2010}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://saharareporters.com/2014/03/15/now-nigeria-ungovernable-what-next|location=New York City, United States|title=Now That Nigeria Is Ungovernable What Next?|date=2014-03-15|access-date=2018-03-06|newspaper=[[Sahara Reporters]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://ends.ng/fact-it-was-pdp-that-promised-to-make-nigeria-ungovernable-in-2011-buhari-never-did/|title=FACT: It Was PDP That Promised To Make Nigeria Ungovernable in 2011, Buhari Never Did!|date=2014-08-04|work=Every Nigerian Do Something [ENDS]|access-date=2018-03-06|language=en-US|archive-date=2018-03-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180307023706/http://ends.ng/fact-it-was-pdp-that-promised-to-make-nigeria-ungovernable-in-2011-buhari-never-did/|url-status=dead}}</ref> E lewru mars 2010, woodi haalaaji dow Kaita footi warta haa PDP ɓaawo kawtal maako bee guwerneer lesdi Katsina Ibrahim Shema e ardiiɓe PDP woɓɓe. E nder yeewtere jaaynde e lewru abriil 2010, Kaita wiyi wonde ko kanko woni hooreejo konngol wondiiɓe Atiku Abubakar, omo ɗaminii Atiku ina naata e PDP. Ñalnde 19 lewru bowte hitaande 2010, Kaita jaɓɓaama e PDP e juuɗe guwerneer Shema, e nder kewu ngu 50 000 depiteeji ummoriiɗi e Kongres Action to laamuuji nokkuuji Ingawa, Kusada e Kankia tawtoraama.[15] O sankii ko ñalnde 2 lewru bowte hitaande 2018, omo yahra e duuɓi 85. == Ƴeew kadi == * Doggol guwerneeruuji diiwaan Kaduna * Doggol yimɓe duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde London == Tuugnorgal == mbymnuj4py57ffpstcgbbom79dfaniw 0 42477 176002 2026-06-23T11:53:33Z Isa Oumar 9821 Created page with "'''Peter Godsday Orubebe''' (jibinaa ko ñalnde 6 lewru juko hitaande 1959) toɗɗaama jaagorgal leydi Nijeer ñalnde 6 lewru abriil hitaande 2010 nde hooreejo leydi ndi hono Goodluck Jonathan holliti laamu mum kesu.<ref name="bday">{{cite news|url=https://www.businessdayonline.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=10120:high-stakes-await-deizani-as-new-petroleum-minister-&catid=67:oil&Itemid=307|title=High stakes await Deizani as new petroleum minister|date=1..." 176002 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Peter Godsday Orubebe''' (jibinaa ko ñalnde 6 lewru juko hitaande 1959) toɗɗaama jaagorgal leydi Nijeer ñalnde 6 lewru abriil hitaande 2010 nde hooreejo leydi ndi hono Goodluck Jonathan holliti laamu mum kesu.<ref name="bday">{{cite news|url=https://www.businessdayonline.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=10120:high-stakes-await-deizani-as-new-petroleum-minister-&catid=67:oil&Itemid=307|title=High stakes await Deizani as new petroleum minister|date=15 April 2010|work=[[Business Day (Nigeria)|Business Day]]|access-date=2010-04-16}}</ref> == Ɓawo == Orubebe jibinaa ko ñalnde 6 lewru juko hitaande 1959 to Ogbobagbene, nokku laamu Burutu e nder diiwaan Delta.<ref name="leader675">{{cite news|url=https://www.leadershipnigeria.com/columns/views/politics/13675-new-ministers-jonathans-cabinet-in-focus|title=New Ministers: Jonathan's Cabinet In Focus|last=Timothy|first=Golu|date=10 April 2010|work=[[Leadership (newspaper)|Leadership]]|access-date=2010-04-16|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100413014057/http://www.leadershipnigeria.com/columns/views/politics/13675-new-ministers-jonathans-cabinet-in-focus|archive-date=13 April 2010}}</ref> O jeyaa ko e iwdi Ijaw.<ref name="bday2">{{cite news|url=https://www.businessdayonline.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=10120:high-stakes-await-deizani-as-new-petroleum-minister-&catid=67:oil&Itemid=307|title=High stakes await Deizani as new petroleum minister|date=15 April 2010|work=[[Business Day (Nigeria)|Business Day]]|access-date=2010-04-16}}</ref> O naati duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Lagos, o heɓi B.Sc. e ganndal siyaas e hitaande 1985. Caggal ɗuum o heɓi dipolomaaji makko e jokkondiral hakkunde leyɗeele to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Ambrose Alli, Ekpoma e hitaande 2005.<ref name="leader6752">{{cite news|url=https://www.leadershipnigeria.com/columns/views/politics/13675-new-ministers-jonathans-cabinet-in-focus|title=New Ministers: Jonathan's Cabinet In Focus|last=Timothy|first=Golu|date=10 April 2010|work=[[Leadership (newspaper)|Leadership]]|access-date=2010-04-16|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100413014057/http://www.leadershipnigeria.com/columns/views/politics/13675-new-ministers-jonathans-cabinet-in-focus|archive-date=13 April 2010}}</ref> == Golle politik == Orubebe wonti diisneteeɗo toppitiiɗo, caggal ɗuum hooreejo LGA Burutu. E lewru sulyee 2007, hooreejo leydi Umaru Yar'Adua toɗɗii mo jaagorgal ko feewti e golle teeŋtuɗe.<ref name="leader6753">{{cite news|url=https://www.leadershipnigeria.com/columns/views/politics/13675-new-ministers-jonathans-cabinet-in-focus|title=New Ministers: Jonathan's Cabinet In Focus|last=Timothy|first=Golu|date=10 April 2010|work=[[Leadership (newspaper)|Leadership]]|access-date=2010-04-16|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100413014057/http://www.leadershipnigeria.com/columns/views/politics/13675-new-ministers-jonathans-cabinet-in-focus|archive-date=13 April 2010}}</ref>Caggal mum o wonti jaagorgal dowla to bannge geɗe Delta Niiseer nde oon jaagorde sosaa e lewru Duujal 2008.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.modernghana.com/news/270728/1/niger-delta-setting-agenda-for-orubebe.html|title=Niger Delta: Setting agenda for Orubebe|work=Modern Ghana|last=Ajah|first=Muhammad|date=8 April 2010|accessdate=2010-04-16}}</ref>E lewru Yarkomaa 2010, o wiyi wonde politik 10% eɓɓaande ngam ƴellitde faggudu e nder diiwaan Delta Niiseer, maa waɗtu bonnugol e kiris ko huunde ɓennunde.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.ngrguardiannews.com/business/article02/220110?pdate=220110&ptitle=Proposed%20equity%20share%20policy%20for%20N/Delta%20will%20restore%20peace,%20says%20minister&cpdate=230110|location=Lagos, Nigeria|date=22 January 2010|title=Proposed equity share policy for N/Delta will restore peace, says minister|last=Okoronkwo|first=Kelechi|accessdate=2010-04-16|newspaper=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]]}} {{Dead link|date=October 2010|bot=H3llBot}}</ref> == Luural == Ñalnde 31 marse 2015, Orubebe, gardinooɗo woote PDP, waɗii eɓɓooje ngam ustude golle woote gardagol leydi[5] 2015. Orubebe hollitii wonde hooreejo INEC, Attahiru Jega, ina jokki e lannda luulndo mawngo, hono APC .<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.punchng.com/i-punch/orubebe-causes-a-stir-at-collation-centre/|title=Orubebe causes a stir at collation centre|access-date=2015-04-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150401184456/http://www.punchng.com/i-punch/orubebe-causes-a-stir-at-collation-centre/|archive-date=1 April 2015|url-status=dead|newspaper=[[The Punch]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Okocha|first=Chuks|title=PDP Polling Agents, Orubebe, Bello Fadile Disrupt Presidential Collation|url=http://www.thisdaylive.com/articles/pdp-polling-agents-orubebe-bello-fadile-disrupt-presidential-collation-/205579/|access-date=2015-04-01|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402163641/http://www.thisdaylive.com/articles/pdp-polling-agents-orubebe-bello-fadile-disrupt-presidential-collation-/205579/|archive-date=2 April 2015|newspaper=[[This Day]]}}</ref>O ammaa ɓaawo man o ƴami yaafuye haa lesdi Naajeeriya ngam kuugal maako nden o hokki ɓe yaafuye ngam ɓe tokka laawol maako nden o holli ɓe o ɗon ƴama kuugal maako.<ref>{{cite news|last=Nwaogu|first=Christy|title=I'm Sorry, Please Forgive Me, Orubebe Apologises To Nigerians|url=http://leadership.ng/news/422325/im-sorry-please-forgive-me-orubebe-apologises-to-nigerians|access-date=2015-04-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402115259/http://leadership.ng/news/422325/im-sorry-please-forgive-me-orubebe-apologises-to-nigerians|archive-date=2 April 2015|url-status=dead|newspaper=[[Leadership (newspaper)|Leadership]]}}</ref> {{Databox}}Tuugnorgal bhe0nq9q9sebh814aoziladgb8v7ew1 0 42478 176003 2026-06-23T11:53:34Z Isa Oumar 9821 Created page with "'''Abba Kyari''' (17 noowammbar 1938[1] – 25 noowammbar 2018) ko ofisee konu Naajeeriya, o wonnoo ko guwerneer diiwaan Fuɗnaange-Caka (diiwaan Kaduna hannde), Naajeeriya caggal nde o sosaa e diiwaan Fuɗnaange e laamu konu Seneraal Yakubu Gowon. Ko o ofisee konu, Kyari daɗiino e murtugol bataliyoŋ gonɗo e les njiimaandi makko caggal kuudetaa Najeriya e lewru sulyee 1966. Caggal mum o ummii ngam ardaade konu Naajeeriya 1 Brigade, caggal ɗuum o ardii branche artill..." 176003 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Abba Kyari''' (17 noowammbar 1938[1] – 25 noowammbar 2018) ko ofisee konu Naajeeriya, o wonnoo ko guwerneer diiwaan Fuɗnaange-Caka (diiwaan Kaduna hannde), Naajeeriya caggal nde o sosaa e diiwaan Fuɗnaange e laamu konu Seneraal Yakubu Gowon. Ko o ofisee konu, Kyari daɗiino e murtugol bataliyoŋ gonɗo e les njiimaandi makko caggal kuudetaa Najeriya e lewru sulyee 1966. Caggal mum o ummii ngam ardaade konu Naajeeriya 1 Brigade, caggal ɗuum o ardii branche artillerie konu. E lewru mee 1967, o toɗɗaa guwerneer diiwaan Fuɗnaange-rewo e les laamu konu Yakubu Gowon. O waɗii golle ɗee duuɓi jeetati, o huutoriima peeje mawɗe ngam ɓamtaare wuro Kaduna.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.worldstatesmen.org/Nigeria_federal_states.htm|title=Nigerian States|publisher=WorldStatesmen|accessdate=16 May 2010|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100528072649/http://www.worldstatesmen.org/Nigeria_federal_states.htm|archivedate=28 May 2010|url-status=live}}</ref> == Nguurndam gadano == Abba Kyari jibinaa ko ñalnde 17 noowammbar 1938. O janngii duɗal hakkundeewal Borno e duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Barewa, Zaria.<ref name="sheriff">{{cite web|url=http://www.kanuri.net/borno_personalities2.php?aID=237|title=Brigadier Abba Kyari (rtd)|author=Bosoma Sheriff|work=Kanuri Studies Association|accessdate=16 May 2010|url-status=usurped|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110717202231/http://www.kanuri.net/borno_personalities2.php?aID=237|archivedate=17 July 2011}}</ref> == Golle konu == E hitaande 1959 o naati e konu leydi Nijeer, o woni ofisee cadet. O naati duɗal 12ɓal janngingol ofiseeji jooɗɗi, Teshie, Accra, Gana tuggi lewru marse 1959 haa suwee 1959. Kyari kadi naati duɗal ofiseeji cadet Mons to konu Angalteer, Aldershot tuggi lewru oktoobar 1959 haa lewru marse 1960. O woniino ofisee transporter e nder ofiseeji platoon com1 Sosiyetee jolngo Brigade.[3] E lewru juko o woniino mawɗo e nder caltal artillerie. Major Kyari hokkaama ardungal konu lesdi Naajeeriya nder lewru Seeɗto hitaande 1966 ɓaawo kuugal lesdi Naajeeriya e lewru Juko, ngal jooɗii nder diiwalji woyla lesdi ndi'i. Ñalnde 1 oktoobar 1966 worɓe bataliyoŋ oo, soldateeɓe ɓee ko ɓuri heewde ko ummoriiɓe worgo, murtii nde ɓe ngoni e defile, Kyari ina haalana ɓe. Kapiteen Auna, gardinooɗo ɗiɗaɓo Kyari, e sarwiis mawɗo konu nguu, mbaraama hay so tawii kamɓe e koye maɓɓe ɓe ummorii ko e diiwanuuji worgo (hono no Kyari nii). Kyari e ofiseeji keddiiɗi ɗii ndogaama e base to Kano.<ref name="sheriff2">{{cite web|url=http://www.kanuri.net/borno_personalities2.php?aID=237|title=Brigadier Abba Kyari (rtd)|author=Bosoma Sheriff|work=Kanuri Studies Association|accessdate=16 May 2010|url-status=usurped|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110717202231/http://www.kanuri.net/borno_personalities2.php?aID=237|archivedate=17 July 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Siollun|first1=Max|title=Oil, Politics and Violence: Nigeria's Military Coup Culture (1966-1976)|date=2009|publisher=Algora Publishing|isbn=9780875867090|page=134|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S1s9EqmAN1IC|accessdate=27 November 2018|language=en}}</ref>Kyari ɓaawo man laati hooreejo 1 Brigade haa Kaduna, ɓaawo man o laati ardiiɗo ɗiɗaɓo, nden o laati hooreejo artillerie konu lesdi Naajeeriya. == Guwerneer konu == E nder fuɗɗoode fitinaaji dow leñol Igbo'en nder Fuunaange e Cakaare Naajeeriya nder hitaande 1966, Abba Kyari walli solda'en Igbo'en ngam doggugo diga Kaduna, hawtaade e Major Samuel Ogbemudia, mo ɓaawo man toɗɗaama Guwerneer lesdi Mid-West nder lewru Seeɗto 1967 ɓaawo lesdi ndi'i ndimɗini lesdi Bifran'en lesdi ndi'i. Seneraal Yakubu Gowon toɗɗii Kolonel Kyari guwerneer diiwaan Fuɗnaange-rewo e lewru sulyee 1967, o woni e oon darnde haa lewru sulyee 1974. Ko o guwerneer, o yamiri peeje mawɗe ngam waɗde wuro mawngo Kaduna, kono e nder golle, peeje ɗee njokkaaka e lomtiiɓe mo.[8] O muñaani jaayɗe rimɗe, o weltii e hakkille gartugol laamu siwil. Yeru, e lewru abriil 1975 o yani e New Nigerian no feewi sabu mum yaltinde natal ofiseeji tawtoranooɓe batu ngu ɓuri hollirde ko ofiseeji tokoosi. Haa timmoode laamu Gowon, Kyari wonnoo ko daraniiɗo hootde e laamu siwil. == Caggal golle == Caggal nde o woppi golle, o woniino gardiiɗo walla hooreejo gollorɗe keewɗe e nder leydi Najeriya. Kyari ardiima nulaaɓe Fuɗnaange to batu doosɗe ngenndiijo 1994, o toɗɗaa hooreejo Goomu ndeenka ngenndiijo batu nguu. Caggal nde o woppi golle, o toɗɗaama e ardiiɓe banki gadano mo leydi Najeriya, e banki Standard Alliance Insurance e banki njulaagu. O wonti hooreejo fedde Gamah Flour Mills e Innjiniyaaruuji e mahdi Alif.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Siollun|first1=Max|title=Oil, Politics and Violence: Nigeria's Military Coup Culture (1966-1976)|date=2009|publisher=Algora Publishing|isbn=9780875867090|page=134|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S1s9EqmAN1IC|accessdate=27 November 2018|language=en}}</ref> Ɓiɗɗo Kyari Abubakar Kyari ko gonnooɗo senateer e hooreejo goomu senateer leydi Najeriya ko feewti e FCT, ko kanko woni jaagorgal ndema e kisal nguura leydi Najeriya hannde.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.worldstatesmen.org/Nigeria_federal_states.htm|title=Nigerian States|publisher=WorldStatesmen|accessdate=16 May 2010|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100528072649/http://www.worldstatesmen.org/Nigeria_federal_states.htm|archivedate=28 May 2010|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.worldstatesmen.org/Nigeria_federal_states.htm|title=Nigerian States|publisher=WorldStatesmen|accessdate=16 May 2010|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100528072649/http://www.worldstatesmen.org/Nigeria_federal_states.htm|archivedate=28 May 2010|url-status=live}}</ref> == Tuugnorgal == 2xjro38i0e4aecyi9antkc5urhm0exr