Muhammadu Buhari

<mediawiki xmlns="http://www.mediawiki.org/xml/export-0.11/" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.mediawiki.org/xml/export-0.11/ http://www.mediawiki.org/xml/export-0.11.xsd" version="0.11" xml:lang="ff">
  <siteinfo>
    <sitename>Wikipedia</sitename>
    <dbname>ffwiki</dbname>
    <base>https://ff.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hello_ja%C9%93%C9%93orgo</base>
    <generator>MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.16</generator>
    <case>first-letter</case>
    <namespaces>
      <namespace key="-2" case="first-letter">Media</namespace>
      <namespace key="-1" case="first-letter">Special</namespace>
      <namespace key="0" case="first-letter" />
      <namespace key="1" case="first-letter">Talk</namespace>
      <namespace key="2" case="first-letter">User</namespace>
      <namespace key="3" case="first-letter">User talk</namespace>
      <namespace key="4" case="first-letter">Wikipedia</namespace>
      <namespace key="5" case="first-letter">Wikipedia talk</namespace>
      <namespace key="6" case="first-letter">File</namespace>
      <namespace key="7" case="first-letter">File talk</namespace>
      <namespace key="8" case="first-letter">MediaWiki</namespace>
      <namespace key="9" case="first-letter">MediaWiki talk</namespace>
      <namespace key="10" case="first-letter">Template</namespace>
      <namespace key="11" case="first-letter">Template talk</namespace>
      <namespace key="12" case="first-letter">Help</namespace>
      <namespace key="13" case="first-letter">Help talk</namespace>
      <namespace key="14" case="first-letter">Category</namespace>
      <namespace key="15" case="first-letter">Category talk</namespace>
      <namespace key="710" case="first-letter">TimedText</namespace>
      <namespace key="711" case="first-letter">TimedText talk</namespace>
      <namespace key="828" case="first-letter">Module</namespace>
      <namespace key="829" case="first-letter">Module talk</namespace>
      <namespace key="1728" case="first-letter">Event</namespace>
      <namespace key="1729" case="first-letter">Event talk</namespace>
    </namespaces>
  </siteinfo>
  <page>
    <title>Muhammadu Buhari</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4186</id>
    <revision>
      <id>183427</id>
      <parentid>182468</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-20T12:21:31Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>6960</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260820sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]]</comment>
      <origin>183427</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="128102" sha1="pnyw1vw1loswzudb71p5bc1q98vs3kb" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}} '''Muhammadu Buhari''' (HeɗtoR 17 Duujal 1942 – 13 Juko 2025) ko seneraal [[Naajeeriya]] e siyaasaajo laamɗo leydi [[Naajeeriya]]&lt;ref&gt;* {{cite web|last=Smith|first=David|title=Muhammadu Buhari: reformed dictator returns to power in democratic Nigeria|website=[[The Guardian]]|date=31 March 2015|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/mar/31/muhammadu-buhari-military-dictator-nigeria-new-democratic-president|access-date=27 March 2025|archive-date=5 March 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170305153611/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/mar/31/muhammadu-buhari-military-dictator-nigeria-new-democratic-president|url-status=live}}
* {{cite news|url=https://www.ft.com/content/0919978c-dd91-4037-a6d7-ff11e8f2f5d8|last=Pilling|first=David|date=14 July 2025|title=Muhammadu Buhari, former Nigerian president, 1942-2025|newspaper=Financial Times|archive-date=15 July 2025|access-date=18 July 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250715234953/https://www.ft.com/content/0919978c-dd91-4037-a6d7-ff11e8f2f5d8|url-status=live}}
* {{cite news|url=https://apnews.com/article/nigeria-buhari-death-legacy-president-ac665f4782ec981654a35a33544f2711|last=Adetayo|first=Ope|title=Here's how Nigerians remember Buhari, who ruled both as a dictator and a democrat|newspaper=Associated Press|date=14 July 2025}}
* {{cite news|url=https://www.economist.com/middle-east-and-africa/2025/07/14/muhammadu-buhari-failed-to-build-a-better-nigeria-twice|title=Muhammadu Buhari failed to build a better Nigeria, twice|newspaper=The Economist|date=14 July 2025|archive-date=16 July 2025|access-date=18 July 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250716143608/https://www.economist.com/middle-east-and-africa/2025/07/14/muhammadu-buhari-failed-to-build-a-better-nigeria-twice|url-status=live}}
* {{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-uQWEQAAQBAJ&amp;dq=info:YKdBQVGR310J:scholar.google.com/&amp;pg=PA1|last=Ogbonda|first=Chris Wolumati|year=2023|chapter=Nigerian Press Under Buhari Military Autocracy and Civil Democracy|title=Military-Media Relations in Post-Colonial Nigeria: Clashes, Ethics, and Prospects|publisher=Ethics International Press|page=2|isbn=978-1-80441-248-0}}
* {{cite book|url=https://brill.com/display/book/9789004430013/BP000027.xml|last=Bergstresser|first=Heinrich|year=2020|chapter=Nigeria|title=Africa Yearbook Volume 16: Politics, Economy and Society South of the Sahara in 2019|page=148|doi=10.1163/9789004430013_017|isbn=978-90-04-43001-3}}&lt;/ref&gt; gila 1983 haa 1985, caggal ɗuum o woni hooreejo leydi [[Naajeeriya]] cuɓaaɗo e dow demokaraasi gila 2015-2023.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=15 June 2025|title=Muhammadu Buhari|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Muhammadu-Buhari|access-date=21 June 2025|website=Britannica|archive-date=18 February 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190218031931/https://www.britannica.com/biography/Muhammadu-Buhari|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

Buhari nasti sooje'en lesdi [[Naajeeriya]] ngam haɓugo nder konu lesdi [[Naajeeriya]], hiddeko o yahra yeeso nder laamuuji sooja'en ɓaawo man. Buhari heɓi innde cemmbiɗnde wakkati laamu [[Shehu Shagari]] ngam ardungal sooje'en maako nder konu Chad e Nigeria. Buhari laati ardiiɗo ɓaawo kuudetaa lesdi Naajeeriya nder hitaande 1983, ko laarani lesdi [[Naajeeriya]] ɗiɗaɓre. Hay so tawii wonaa hooreejo fedde nde, Buhari wonti hooreejo laamu konu e nder yontaaji caɗeele faggudu luggiɗɗe e njulaagu yaajngu. E wiyde makko, ŋakkeende njuɓɓudi faggudu e ŋakkeende nehdi e les njiimaandi siwil, Buhari ƴettii laawol tiiɗngol e cemmbinngol laamu, e teeŋtinde nehdi, haɓaade fenaande, e moƴƴitingol faggudu rewrude e ko anndiraa hare luulndiinde nehdi (WAI). Sifaa politik doolnuɗo mo o sosi oo, ina wiyee Buharism. Haa ragare, laamu Buhari cemmbiɗɗum e dabareeji faggudu cemmbiɗɗi, waɗi ɓesdaari welwelo nder konu. Ñalnde 27 ut 1985, o liɓaa e kuudetaa laamɗo e gardagol Seneraal [[Ibraahiima Babangida]].

Buhari suɓaama hooreejo lesdi [[Naajeeriya]] dow laylaytol e ballal lanyol yimɓe lesdi [[Naajeeriya]] fuu (ANPP) nder hitaande 2003 e 2007, nden boo dow laylaytol Kongres ngam waylaare yeeso (CPC) nder hitaande 2011.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=12 December 2016|title=The frustrations of Buhari from 2003 to 2011|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2016/12/the-frustrations-of-buhari-from-2003-to-2011/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=1 October 2021|newspaper=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]]|archive-date=1 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211001112806/https://www.vanguardngr.com/2016/12/the-frustrations-of-buhari-from-2003-to-2011/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; E [[lewru]] Duujal 2014, o yalti e kanndidaa hooreejo leydi&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=1 April 2015|title=Nigeria election: Muhammadu Buhari wins presidency|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-32139858|access-date=23 September 2021|archive-date=10 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211110022117/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-32139858|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; lannda ''All Progressives Congress'' ngam suɓaade hooreejo leydi 2015.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=31 March 2015|title=Buhari in historic election win, emerges Nigeria's President-elect|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/180374-buhari-in-historic-election-win-emerges-nigerias-president-elect.html|access-date=1 October 2021|archive-date=1 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211001113036/https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/180374-buhari-in-historic-election-win-emerges-nigerias-president-elect.html|url-status=live|newspaper=[[Premium Times]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Buhari heɓi nasaraaku suɓol ngol, o fooli hooreejo lesdi jooɗiiɗo lesdi man.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Muhammadu Buhari|url=https://themuslim500.com/profiles/muhammadu-buhari/|access-date=11 December 2022|website=The Muslim 500|date=27 May 2018|archive-date=11 December 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221211151550/https://themuslim500.com/profiles/muhammadu-buhari/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ko ngol woni go’o ko e nder daartol leydi [[Naajeeriya|Najeriya]], hooreejo leydi ndii ina waasa suɓaade hooreejo leydi ndii. O huniima ñalnde 29 [[lewru]] mbooy hitaande 2015. E lewru feebariyee hitaande 2019, Buhari suɓaama kadi, o fooli ƴaañoowo makko ɓurɗo ɓadaade, gonnooɗo cukko hooreejo leydi [[Atiku Abubakar]], ko ina tolnoo e miliyoŋaaji tati woote.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://punchng.com/breaking-inec-declares-buhari-winner-of-2019-presidential-election/|title=UPDATED: Buhari wins second term|newspaper=[[The Punch]]|date=27 February 2019|access-date=30 August 2019|archive-date=6 September 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190906151856/https://punchng.com/breaking-inec-declares-buhari-winner-of-2019-presidential-election/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author1=Stephanie Busari|author2=Aanu Adeoye|title=Nigeria's President Muhammadu Buhari reelected, but opponent rejects results|url=https://www.cnn.com/2019/02/26/africa/buhari-wins-nigeria-electionintl/index.html|access-date=1 October 2021|website=CNN|date=27 February 2019|archive-date=1 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211001113245/https://www.cnn.com/2019/02/26/africa/buhari-wins-nigeria-election-intl/index.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=27 February 2019|title=Nigeria's Buhari wins re-election, rival pursues fraud claim|work=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-nigeria-election-idUSKCN1QG11U|access-date=3 June 2023|archive-date=3 June 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230603151754/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-nigeria-election-idUSKCN1QG11U|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Okere|first=Alexander|date=13 July 2025|title=Former President Buhari Dies At 82|url=https://www.channelstv.com/2025/07/13/former-president-buhari-dies-at-82/|access-date=13 July 2025|website=Channels Television}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Nguurndam gadano==
Muhammadu Buhari jibinaa ko ñalnde 17 Duujal hitaande 1942, to [[Daura]], hannde woni to diiwaan [[Katsina]], leydi [[Naajeeriya|Najeriya]].&lt;ref name=&quot;auto&quot;&gt;{{cite web|last=Zuber|first=David|title=Muhammadu Buhari (1942– )|website=BlackPast.org|date=19 April 2022|url=https://www.blackpast.org/global-african-history/people-global-african-history/muhammadu-buhari-1942/|access-date=28 March 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|last=Smith|first=David|title=Muhammadu Buhari: reformed dictator returns to power in democratic Nigeria|website=[[The Guardian]]|date=31 March 2015|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/mar/31/muhammadu-buhari-military-dictator-nigeria-new-democratic-president|access-date=27 March 2025|archive-date=5 March 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170305153611/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/mar/31/muhammadu-buhari-military-dictator-nigeria-new-democratic-president|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ko kanko woni ɓiɗɗo Mallam Hardo Adamu, mawɗo fulɓe ummoriiɗo Dumurkul to Mai'Adua e Zulaihat, jogiiɗo iwdi Hausa e Kanuri.&lt;ref name=&quot;auto2&quot;&gt;{{cite web|last=Zuber|first=David|title=Muhammadu Buhari (1942– )|website=BlackPast.org|date=19 April 2022|url=https://www.blackpast.org/global-african-history/people-global-african-history/muhammadu-buhari-1942/|access-date=28 March 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Paden|first=John N.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=83c8nQAACAAJ|title=Muhammadu Buhari: The Challenges of Leadership in Nigeria|date=2016|publisher=Huda Huda Publishing Company|isbn=978-978-951-423-6|pages=3–10|archive-date=21 January 2025|access-date=11 January 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250121080618/https://books.google.com/books?id=83c8nQAACAAJ|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; O inniraa ko ganndo [[Lislaamu|lislaam]] mo teeminannde jeenayaɓere, hono [[Muhammadu al-Bukhari]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last1=Kperogi|first1=Farooq|title=Buhari's surname not his father's name; how he dumped it|url=https://pmnewsnigeria.com/2021/08/15/buharis-surname-not-his-fathers-name-how-he-dumped-it/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|newspaper=[[P.M. News]]|access-date=8 December 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mawniiko Buhari, Yuusuf, ko mawɗo, o sosi gure keewɗe e nder Daura, ina heen Dumurkul.&lt;ref name=&quot;:42&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Paden|first=John N.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=83c8nQAACAAJ|title=Muhammadu Buhari: The Challenges of Leadership in Nigeria|date=2016|publisher=Huda Huda Publishing Company|isbn=978-978-951-423-6|pages=3–10|archive-date=21 January 2025|access-date=11 January 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250121080618/https://books.google.com/books?id=83c8nQAACAAJ|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Baaba Buhari maayi nde o mari duuɓi 4, Waziri Alhassan, ɓii Amiir Daura, Muusa dan Nuhu (laami: 1904-1911),&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=M. G. Smith|author-link=M. G. Smith|url=https://archive.org/details/the-affairs-of-daura/page/326/mode/2up?q=Waziri|title=The Affairs Of Daura|date=1978|pages=327}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last1=Kirk-Greene|first1=A. H. M.|url=https://archive.org/details/emiratesofnorthe0000ahmk/mode/2up?view=theater|title=The Emirates of Northern Nigeria: A Preliminary Survey of Their Historical Traditions|last2=Hogben|first2=S. J.|date=1 January 1966|publisher=Oxford University Press|others=Internet Archive|pages=155}}&lt;/ref&gt; wonti gardiiɗo Zulaihat e ɓiɓɓe mum njeegomo, hawtaade e Buhari.&lt;ref name=&quot;:43&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Paden|first=John N.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=83c8nQAACAAJ|title=Muhammadu Buhari: The Challenges of Leadership in Nigeria|date=2016|publisher=Huda Huda Publishing Company|isbn=978-978-951-423-6|pages=3–10|archive-date=21 January 2025|access-date=11 January 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250121080618/https://books.google.com/books?id=83c8nQAACAAJ|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Buhari janngi janngirde Qur’aana, ton o walliti nder ngurka jawdi. O heɓi jaŋde makko leslesre to Daura e Mai'Adua, o heɓi heen seedantaagal makko e hitaande 1953. O naatnaa e duɗal hakkundeewal Katsina (caggal ɗuum o wayli innde makko e duɗal hakkundeewal diiwaan Katsina), ɗo o heɓi jaŋde makko hakkundeere tuggi 1956 haa 1961. E nder dumunna makko jeegom, o woniino hooreejo galle e capboy. E hitaande 1960, o rokkaama bursi e juuɗe Elder Dempster Lines ngam njillu makko e nder leydi Angalteer e nder dumunna daɓɓo.&lt;ref name=&quot;:44&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Paden|first=John N.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=83c8nQAACAAJ|title=Muhammadu Buhari: The Challenges of Leadership in Nigeria|date=2016|publisher=Huda Huda Publishing Company|isbn=978-978-951-423-6|pages=3–10|archive-date=21 January 2025|access-date=11 January 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250121080618/https://books.google.com/books?id=83c8nQAACAAJ|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Buhari yiɗiino jokkude jaŋde safaara ngam wonde doktoor; cuɓal tan e oon sahaa ko janngude Farmasi to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde [[Naajeeriya]] to Zaria, ɗum noon ina ƴetta duuɓi keewɗi. [[Mamm daura|Mamman Daura]], ɓiyiiko gorko, wasiyii mo yo o naata e konu leydi [[Naajeeriya|Najeriya]], o jannga toon jaŋde toownde.&lt;ref name=&quot;:45&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Paden|first=John N.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=83c8nQAACAAJ|title=Muhammadu Buhari: The Challenges of Leadership in Nigeria|date=2016|publisher=Huda Huda Publishing Company|isbn=978-978-951-423-6|pages=3–10|archive-date=21 January 2025|access-date=11 January 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250121080618/https://books.google.com/books?id=83c8nQAACAAJ|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Golle konu ==
E hitaande 1962, nde o heɓi duuɓi 19, Buhari jeyaa ko e sukaaɓe 70 cuɓaaɓe ngam naatde e duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde konu leydi [[Naajeeriya|Najeriya]] (NMTC).&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|last=Obotetukudo|first=Solomon|title=The Inaugural Addresses and Ascension Speeches of Nigerian Elected and Non-elected presidents and prime minister from 1960–2010|publisher=University Press of America|year=2011|page=90}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:46&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Paden|first=John N.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=83c8nQAACAAJ|title=Muhammadu Buhari: The Challenges of Leadership in Nigeria|date=2016|publisher=Huda Huda Publishing Company|isbn=978-978-951-423-6|pages=3–10|archive-date=21 January 2025|access-date=11 January 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250121080618/https://books.google.com/books?id=83c8nQAACAAJ|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; E [[lewru]] feebariyee 1964, NMTC ɓeydaama e nder suudu sarɗiiji leydi [[Naajeeriya]], ɓe innitiraa ɗum Akademi Defense [[Naajeeriya]]. Tuggi hitaande 1962 haa 1963, Buhari janngi ofiseeji haa janngirde ofiseeji Mons haa Aldershot, lesdi Angalteer.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2020|title=President Muhammadu Buhari|url=https://statehouse.gov.ng/people-old/president-muhammadu-buhari/|access-date=7 May 2025|website=The State house abuja|archive-date=8 April 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250408085905/https://statehouse.gov.ng/people-old/president-muhammadu-buhari/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; E [[lewru]] Yarkomaa 1963, tawi omo yahra e duu6i 20, o yamiraa lietnaa ɗiɗaɓo, o toɗɗaa kadi hooreejo peloton e bataliyoŋ ɗiɗaɓo konu koyɗe to [[Abeokuta]], leydi Nijeer, o naati e kursus komanndaaji peloton to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde heblo konu Nijeer, to [[Kaduna]], to diiwaan [[Kaduna]], tuggi [[lewru]] noowammbar193111 1964, o jokki e yahde to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde konu to Borden, to leydi Angalteer.&lt;ref name=&quot;Businessday NG 2015&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=General Muhammadu Buhari: The dawn of a new era|newspaper=[[BusinessDay (Nigeria)|BusinessDay]]|date=31 May 2015|url=https://businessday.ng/bd-lunch/article/general-muhammadu-buhari-the-dawn-of-a-new-era/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=7 June 2023|archive-date=7 June 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230607070429/https://businessday.ng/bd-lunch/article/general-muhammadu-buhari-the-dawn-of-a-new-era/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Tuggi 1965 haa 1967, Buhari woniino hooreejo bataliyoŋ ɗiɗmo konu koyɗe, o toɗɗaa kadi brigade major e sekteer ɗiɗaɓo, ''division'' infanterie gadano (abriil 1967 haa sulyee 1967). Caggal kuudetaa leydi [[Naajeeriya]] e hitaande 1966, warnoo hooreejo leydi [[Naajeeriya]] [[Ahmadu Bello]], Buhari, e wondude e ofiseeji goɗɗi ummoriiɗi Fuɗnaange [[Naajeeriya]], tawtoraama kuudetaa mbo leydi [[Naajeeriya]] waɗi e lewru juko, ngu riiwti Seneraal [[Aguiyi Ironsi]], lomtii ɗum Seneraal [[Yakubu Gowon]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Prominent Nigerians who share birthday month with President Buhari|url=https://guardian.ng/news/birthdays-6/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=17 September 2023|newspaper=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]]|date=18 December 2022|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Hare nder leydi Naajeeriya ===
Winndannde mawnde: Hare nder leydi [[Naajeeriya|Najeriya]]

Buhari halfinaama e Division 1 e les njiimaandi Lietnaa Kolonel [[Mohammed Shuwa]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Prominent Nigerians who share birthday month with President Buhari|url=https://guardian.ng/news/birthdays-6/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=17 September 2023|newspaper=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]]|date=18 December 2022|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Diɗɗal ngal ummiima [[Kaduna]] haa [[Makurɗi|Makurdi]] e fuɗɗoode wolde hakkunde leyɗeele [[Naajeeriya]]. Diɗɗal 1 ngal feccii ko e sekteeruuji e bataliyoŋaaji, Shuwa ina wallita e komanndaaji sekteeruuji Martin Adamu e Sule Apollo, caggal ɗuum lomtii ɗum ko [[Teofilus Danjuma]].{{Sfn|Momoh|2000|p=343}} O adii wonde ko Adjutant e Komandaa Kompañi e nder bataliyoŋ 2, Infanterie Secteur Second de la ''Division'' 1e. Bataliyoŋ 2 oo ina jeyaa e diwanuuji tawtoraaɗi golle gadane wolde ndee : ɓe puɗɗii ko Gakem sara Afikpo, ɓe njahi feewde Ogoja, e ballal fedde artillerie Gado Nasko.{{sfn|Momoh|2000|p=69}} Ɓe njottii ɓe nanngi Ogoja, e anniya yahrude yeeso rewrude e banngeeji ɗii haa [[Enugu]], laamorgo leydi ndii.{{sfn|Momoh|2000|p=339}}O woniino Komandaajo bataliyoŋ 2 e nder dumunna juutɗo, o ardii bataliyoŋ oo haa Afikpo ngam hawrude e Komando Marine 3ɓo, o yahra yeeso feewde [[Enugu]] rewrude e Nkalagu e Abakaliki. Kono hade makko yahde [[Enugu]], o artiraa to [[Nsukka]], o woniino Biraam Major e Biraam 3ɓo, e gardagol Joshua Gin, caggal ɗuum Isa Bukar lomtii mo.{{sfn|Momoh|2000|p=340}}

Buhari jooɗi bee sooja'en lesdi [[Naajeeriya]] lebbi seɗɗa nde sooja'en lesdi [[Naajeeriya]] fuɗɗi waɗugo dabareeji ɗi ɓe janngi diga konu arande'en. E nokkuuji yahrude yeeso ko yaawi, peeje kese ɗee ko jogaade e jogaade laabi jokkondiral e huutoraade gure nanngaaɗe ngam heblude ngam heblude soldateeɓe kesi adduɓe e nokkuuji konu to [[Abeokuta]] e Zaria.{{sfn|Momoh|2000|p=340}} E hitaande 1968, o artiraa e Sektora 4, ina wiyee kadi sektoraa Awka, kañum halfinaa ƴettude nanngugol [[Onitsha]] ummoraade e ''Division'' 2. Golle sektoraa oo ko e nder diiwaan Awka-Abagana-[[Onitsha]], ko ɗum huunde himmunde e doole Biafran sabu ko kañum woni nokku mawɗo ɗo nguura heɓetee. Ko e nder sekteer oo fedde Buhari heɓi caɗeele keewɗe ngam etaade reende laawol nguura ngol murtuɓe ɓee njogori reende e [[maayo Oji]] e [[Abagana]].{{sfn|Momoh|2000|p=340}}

=== Caggal wolde nde ===
Tuggude hitaande 1970 haa 1971, Buhari woniino Birigad Major/Komandant, Birigad 31 Infanterie. Ndeen o wonii balloowo seneraal, gardiiɗo diɗɗal gadanal konu koyɗe, tuggi 1971 haa 1972. O naati kadi to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde konu, to kanton Wellington, to leydi Indiya, e hitaande 1973.&lt;ref name=&quot;Quartz&quot;&gt;{{cite news|author=Siddhartha Mitter|date=28 October 2015|title=India can rival China in Nigeria, by being exactly what China is not: Open and free|work=Quartz|url=http://qz.com/534257/india-can-rival-china-in-nigeria-by-being-exactly-what-china-is-not-open-and-free/|access-date=1 November 2015|archive-date=1 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151101070327/http://qz.com/534257/india-can-rival-china-in-nigeria-by-being-exactly-what-china-is-not-open-and-free/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tuggi hitaande 1974 haa 1975 Buhari woni hooreejo kuugal yahdu e yahdu haa suudu konu lesdi [[Naajeeriya]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|author=Solomon Williams Obotetukudo|title=The Inaugural Addresses and Ascension Speeches of Nigerian Elected and Non-Elected Presidents and Prime Minister, 1960–2010|publisher=University Press of America|year=2010|pages=91–92}}&lt;/ref&gt;

E nder kuudetaa konu e hitaande 1975, Lietnaa Kolonel Buhari ina jeyaa e fedde ofiseeji gaddanɗi Seneraal [[Murtala Muhammed|Murtala Mohammed]] laamu. Caggal ɗuum o toɗɗaa guwerneer diiwaan Fuɗnaange-rewo&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries/nigeria/constitution-politics|title=Nigeria : Constitution and politics|work=The Commonwealth|access-date=5 January 2020|archive-date=11 September 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190911145142/http://www.thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries/nigeria/constitution-politics|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.mouau.edu.ng/index.php/node/134|title=PRESIDENT MUHAMMADU BUHARI (GCFR) &amp;#124; Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike|access-date=5 January 2020|archive-date=13 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200613054012/https://www.mouau.edu.ng/index.php/node/134|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; tuggi 1 ut 1975 haa 3 feebariyee 1976, ngam ƴeewtaade ɓamtaare renndo, faggudu e politik e nder diiwaan hee. Ñalnde 3 feebariyee 1976, Dowla Fuɗnaange-rewo feccii e dowlaaji tati [[Bauchi]], [[Borno]] e [[Gongola]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.nigeriaroute.com/state-structure.php|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160603080911/http://nigeriaroute.com/state-structure.php|archive-date=3 June 2016|title=Nigeriaroute.com}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200612192532/http://www.nigeriaroute.com/state-structure.php|date=12 June 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.pulse.ng/news/local/nigerian-states-this-is-how-the-36-states-were-created/mdtnq3e|title=This is how the 36 states were created|date=23 October 2017|access-date=5 January 2020|archive-date=12 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200612192656/https://www.pulse.ng/news/local/nigerian-states-this-is-how-the-36-states-were-created/mdtnq3e|url-status=live|newspaper=[[Pulse Nigeria]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|last1=Alapiki|first1=Henry E|date=2005|title=State Creation in Nigeria: Failed Approaches to National Integration and Local Autonomy|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_african-studies-review_2005-12_48_3/page/49|journal=African Studies Review|volume=48|issue=3|pages=49–65|doi=10.1353/arw.2006.0003|jstor=20065139|s2cid=146571948}}&lt;/ref&gt; Buhari nden laati Gomnaajo arandeejo lesdi Borno diga 3 [[lewru]] feebariyee 1976 haa 15 mars 1976.&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation|title=Matthews, Norman Derek, (19 March 1922–21 July 1976), Governor of Montserrat, since 1974|date=1 December 2007|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ww/9780199540884.013.u157278|work=Who Was Who|access-date=17 September 2023|publisher=Oxford University Press|doi=10.1093/ww/9780199540884.013.u157278|url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt;

E [[lewru]] marse 1976, caggal kuudetaa militeer en 1976, baɗnooɗo warngo Seneraal [[Murtala Muhammed|Murtala Mohammed]], cukko makko Seneraal [[Olusegun Obasanjo]] wonti hooreejo konu leydi ndii, toɗɗii Kolonel Buhari yo won komisariyaajo fedde toppitiinde ko fayti e petroŋ e Natur). E hitaande 1977, nde fedde petroŋ leydi [[Naajeeriya]] sosaa, Buhari toɗɗaama hooreejo fedde nde, nde o woni hooreejo fedde nde haa hitaande 1978.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.nnpcgroup.com/NNPCBusiness/Businessinformation/OilGasinNigeria/IndustryHistory.aspx|title=History of the Nigerian Petroleum Industry|publisher=Nigerian National Petroleum Company|access-date=13 August 2015|archive-date=12 September 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150912082300/http://www.nnpcgroup.com/NNPCBusiness/BusinessInformation/OilGasinNigeria/IndustryHistory.aspx|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

E nder laamu makko Komisariyaa Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe ngam petroŋ e jawdi, laamu nguu waɗii heen ngalu mum ngam waɗde heen tuubakooɓe e gollorɗe desorɗe petroŋ. Laamu nguu mahii fotde 21 nokku ɗo petroŋ woni ɗoo e nder leydi ndii kala, gila [[Lagos]] haa [[Maiduguri]], gila [[Calabar]] haa Gusau ; njuɓɓudi ndii mahii lowre tuugnorgal jokkondirnde e terminal Bonny e refineeri Port Harcourt e depooji ɗii. Kadi, njuɓɓudi ndii siifondirii e mahngo refineeri to [[Kaduna]] e tuugnorgal petroŋ jokkondirngal e nokku petroŋ Escravos e refineeri [[Warri]] e refineeri [[Kaduna]] potɗo waɗeede oo.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Nigeria's Oil Production on Increase.&quot; ''Afro-American'' (1893–1988): 16. 16 December 1978.&lt;/ref&gt; E nder laamu makko Komisinaajo Fedde nde ko feewti e petroŋ e jawdi leydi ndii, ina wiyee wonde 2,8 miliyaar dolaar [[Amerik]] ina ŋakki e konte fedde petroŋ leydi [[Naajeeriya]] (NNPC) to Banki Midlands to leydi Angalteer. Seneraal Ibrahiima Babangida caggal mum ina tuuma Buhari wonde ko kañum waɗi ndee fenaande.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|date=17 June 2013|title=IBB Hits Buhari Harder: Over N2.8Billion Was Stolen By Buhari and Seen In His UK Bank|url=http://www.brimtime.com/2013/06/ibb-hits-buhari-harder-over-28billion.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150119183407/http://www.brimtime.com/2013/06/ibb-hits-buhari-harder-over-28billion.html|archive-date=19 January 2015|website=brimtime.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|last1=Uko|first1=Ndaeyo|title=Romancing the Gun: The Press as Promoter of Military Rule|date=December 2003|publisher=Africa World Press|isbn=978-1-59221-189-0|page=90|quote=Buhari's Decree 4, which led to his overthrow, was seen by Nigerians as an attempt to prevent the press from digging into a scandal which he was supposed to have known something about: the mysterious disappearance of the huge sum of N2.8 billion from the NNPC while it was under his supervision.}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|last1=Frynas|first1=Jedrzej Georg|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0W8-vc7AlFAC&amp;q=nnpc+buhari+2.8+billion&amp;pg=PA41|title=Oil in Nigeria (Politics and Economics in Africa)|date=1 April 2000|publisher=Lit Verlag|isbn=978-3-8258-3921-5|page=41|quote=This followed evidence from a US accountancy firm that some 2.8 billion Naira (roughly US $4 billion) had not been accounted for by the bank records of the NNPC. The Irikife Tribunal, which investigated the matter, even failed to summon Generals Buhari and Obsanjo who were responsible for supervising the NNPC and controlled oil sales during the period in question.|access-date=19 January 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kono e nder joofnirde ñaawirde yeeyde petroŋ nde ñaawoowo Ayo Irikefe ardii ngam yuurnitaade tuumeede 2,8 miliyaar dolaar (2,8 miliyaar dolaar) e konte NNPC, ñaawirdu nduu yiytaani goonga e tuumeeji ɗii hay so tawii noon teskiima won ŋakkeende e konte NNPC.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|last1=Zabadi|first1=Istifanus|last2=Sampson|first2=Isaac|date=2009|title=Modalities for Coordinating Nigeria's Anti-Corruption Strategies|url=https://www.academia.edu/415860|url-status=live|journal=Constructive Engagement|volume=1|issue=1|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211204194406/https://www.academia.edu/415860|archive-date=4 December 2021|access-date=5 December 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Tuggi 1978 haa 1979, o woniino Sekereteer konu to Gardiiɗo konu, o woniino tergal e Diiso Toowngo Konu gila 1978 haa 1979. Tuggi 1979 haa 1980, e darnde kolonel Penn, Buhari (klaas 1980 to Army Warsy US to Warlisle Dowlaaji, e dañde dipolomaaji master e jaŋde strateeji.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|author=Muhammed Kabir Hassan|date=31 December 2014|title=Nigeria: The Mess 'Full Literates' Have Put Us All In!|url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201501020034.html|work=AllAfrica|access-date=2 January 2015|archive-date=2 January 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150102144609/http://allafrica.com/stories/201501020034.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=22 December 2014|title=A Rejoinder To 'Semi-Illiterate' PDP Secretary Prof. Wale Oladipo By Dr. M.K. Hassan|url=http://saharareporters.com/2014/12/22/rejoinder-semi-illiterate-pdp-secretary-prof-wale-oladipo-dr-mk-hassan|location=New York City, United States|access-date=2 January 2015|archive-date=2 January 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150102155050/http://saharareporters.com/2014/12/22/rejoinder-semi-illiterate-pdp-secretary-prof-wale-oladipo-dr-mk-hassan|url-status=live|newspaper=[[Sahara Reporters]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; So tawii porogaraam jooɗiiɗo e nder duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde ngal timmiima, duumotooɗo lebbi sappo e porogaraam jaŋde toownde, duuɓi ɗiɗi, duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde konu Amerik (USAWC) rokkata ofiseeji mum dipolomaaji master e nder jaŋde strateeji.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=17 January 2015|title=Buhari: From cradle to candidate|url=https://thenationonlineng.net/buhari-cradle-candidate/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250714235237/https://thenationonlineng.net/buhari-cradle-candidate/|archive-date=14 July 2025|access-date=19 June 2025|newspaper=[[The Nation (Nigeria)|The Nation]]|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

E hitaande 1983, nde konu Caad yani e leydi [[Naajeeriya]] e nder diiwaan Borno, Buhari huutoriima konu ngu o ardii nguu ngam riiwtude ɓe e nder leydi ndi, ɓe tacci e nder leydi Caad hay so tawii yamiroore hooreejo leydi ndi hono Shagari rokki ɓe yo ɓe ngurto.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ayoade22&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Akinsanya|first=Adeoye A.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WUySAAAAQBAJ&amp;q=buhari+1983+chad&amp;pg=PA272|title=An Introduction to Political Science in Nigeria|publisher=John Adebunmi Ayoade|year=2013|isbn=978-0-7618-5743-3|page=272}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ndeeɗoo haala konu Caad 1983 addani ko ina ɓura 100 neɗɗo maayde e &quot;nanngaaɓe e wolde&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ayoade222&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Akinsanya|first=Adeoye A.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WUySAAAAQBAJ&amp;q=buhari+1983+chad&amp;pg=PA272|title=An Introduction to Political Science in Nigeria|publisher=John Adebunmi Ayoade|year=2013|isbn=978-0-7618-5743-3|page=272}}&lt;/ref&gt;

'''Komandaaji divisions jogaaɗi nder konu leydi Naajeeriya''':

Ofisee mawɗo gardinooɗo diɗɗal 4ɓo : lewru ut 1980 – lewru lewru mbooy 1981&lt;ref&gt;[http://newtelegraphonline.com/buhari-man-of-history/]{{dead link|date=November 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ofisee mawɗo gardinooɗo, diɗɗal 2ɓal konu koyɗe mekaniseeji : lewru Yarkomaa 1981 – lewru Oktoobar 1981&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20150723011300/http://www.thesourceng.com/RaceApril132015.htm The Source Magazine Online] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150723011300/http://www.thesourceng.com/RaceApril132015.htm|date=23 July 2015}}. Thesourceng.com. Retrieved on 4 November 2016.&lt;/ref&gt;

Ofisee mawɗo gardinooɗo diɗɗal 3ɓo: Oktoobar 1981 – Desammbar 1983

=== Kuudetaa laamu hitaande 1983 ===
Winndannde mawnde: Kuudetaa laamu Nijeer 1983

Major-General Buhari jeyaa ko e ardiiɓe kuudetaa konu e lewru Duujal 1983, liɓɗo laamu leydi [[Naajeeriya]] ɗiɗaɓuru. E sahaa nde kuudetaa oo waɗi, Buhari ko Ofisee Seneral (GOC), ''Division'' Armé tataɓo [[Jos]].&lt;ref&gt;Matthews, Martin P. ''Nigeria: current issues and historical background.'' p. 121.&lt;/ref&gt; E njuɓɓudi kuudetaa oo, Tunde Idiagbon toɗɗaa hooreejo konu (de facto No. 2 e nder njuɓɓudi laamu). Kuudetaa oo timminii laamu [[Naajeeriya]] ɗiɗaɓuru ngu juutaani, wakkati demokaraasi lanndaaji keewɗi ummitini e hitaande 1979, caggal duuɓi 13 laamu konu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=No to another Republic of Nigerian Army!|url=https://guardian.ng/opinion/no-to-another-republic-of-nigerian-army/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=17 September 2023|newspaper=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]]|date=3 September 2023|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

E wiyde jaaynde wiyeteende ''The New York Times'', ofiseeji ƴettuɗi laamu ɗii mbiyi « demokaraasi mo alaa ko bonnata ɓuri bonde e demokaraasi mo alaa ko woni e mum ». Buhari hollitii wonde militeer en keɓii laamu nguu, o ñaawii laamu siwil nguu, o darnii laamu ngu, o dartinii doosɗe leydi ndii ko yaawi. Dalillaaji goɗɗi ɗi kuudetaa oo waɗi ko ngam feewnude ŋakkeende faggudu e nder leydi [[Naajeeriya|Najeriya]]. E nder jaaynde militeer en adannde caggal kuudetaa, [[Sani Abacha]] jokkondirii ‘ardorde nde alaa ko waawi, nde alaa ɗo haaɗi’{{sfn|Graf|1988|p=149}} e ŋakkeende faggudu huuɓtodinnde. E nder konngol Buhari ngol o waɗi ñalnde hitaande hesere, kanko ne o siftinii ko fayti e njuɓɓudi mbonndi e nder leydi ɗiɗaɓiri kono kadi ko kañum woni sabaabu ŋakkeende jikkuuji e nder renndo.{{sfn|Graf|1988|p=149}}

== Hooreejo leydi (1983 haa 1985) ==

=== Koolkisagol laamu ===
Sifaa ardungal sooja’en kesum—joyaɓal nder [[Naajeeriya]] diga ndimu—ina nanndi bee laamu sooja’en cakkitiingu, laamu [[Obasanjo]]/[[Yaradua]]. Laamu kesu nguu sosi Diiso Toowngo Konu, Diiso doosɗe Fedde nde e Diiso Dowlaaji.{{sfn|Graf|1988|p=150}} Limre ministeeruuji ɗii ustaama haa 18, tawi njuɓɓudi ndii waɗii golle ustude golle hakkunde mawɓe sarwiis siwil e polis. Nde woppi 17 binnditagol duumingol e won e ofiseeji mawɗi polis e laana ndiwoowa. Yanti heen, njuɓɓudi konu kesiri ndii yaltinii sariyaaji kesi ngam yettaade faandaare mum. Ɗeeɗoo sariyaaji ina njeyaa heen kuulal jowitiingal e wuyɓe e balɗe (Kuule keertiiɗe) ngam ñaawde geɗe wuyɓe balɗe, e kuulal kisal dowla (detention de personne), rokki mbaawka militeer en ngam nanngude yimɓe tuumanooɓe bonnude kisal dowla walla saabaade caɗeele faggudu{{sfn|Graf|1988|p=153}}. Dekereeji goɗɗi ina njeyaa heen Komisariyaa Sarwisaaji Siwil e Dekereeji Ñaawooɓe, ko ɗum woni tuugnorgal sariya e njuɓɓudi ngam waɗde purge e nder sarwisaaji laamu.{{sfn|Graf|1988|p=153}}

E fawaade e kuulal 2 ngal hitaande 1984, kisal leydi ndii e hooreejo leydi ndii ndokkaama mbaawka nanngude, tawa alaa ko ñaawirtee, yimɓe ɓe nganndu-ɗaa ko kañum en ngoni baasal kisal leydi ndii, fotde lebbi tati.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.refworld.org/docid/3ae6ab5d3c.html|title=Nigeria: Repeal of Decree 2|date=1 October 1998|website=refworld.org|access-date=19 January 2015|archive-date=20 January 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150120114352/http://www.refworld.org/docid/3ae6ab5d3c.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Seppooji e seppooji yimɓe ndartinaama, hukuuma kisal lesdi [[Naajeeriya]], hukuuma kisal lesdi [[Naajeeriya]] (NSO) hokkaama bawɗe ɗe meeɗaay waɗugo. NSO waɗii darnde mawnde e haɓaade luulndaare renndo, e hulɓinde, e ustude e uddude yimɓe ɓe mbonni haɗde seppooji. Haa lewru Oktoobar 1984, fotde 200 000 golloowo laamu ndartinaama.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://naijapolitica.com/2014/12/04/the-untold-tales-of-gen-buhari-a-must-read/|title=THE UNTOLD TALES OF GEN. BUHARI&amp;nbsp;... [a must read]|date=4 December 2014|website=Naija Politica|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150120004503/http://naijapolitica.com/2014/12/04/the-untold-tales-of-gen-buhari-a-must-read/|archive-date=20 January 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; Buhari waɗii hare dow nafooje cemmbiɗɗe. E nder lebbi 20 ko o hooreejo leydi, fotde 500 politik, ardiiɓe e jom en jawɗeele en ngoppitaa sabu fenaande e nder laamu makko.&lt;ref name=&quot;autogenerated422&quot;&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-12890807|title=Nigeria's Muhammadu Buhari in profile|date=17 April 2011|work=BBC News|access-date=20 April 2011|archive-date=20 April 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110420211645/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-12890807|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.africa.upenn.edu/Urgent_Action/apic_52396.html|title=Nigeria: Human Rights Watch Africa|date=10 May 1996|website=africa.upenn.eu|access-date=19 January 2015|archive-date=15 March 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150315211922/http://www.africa.upenn.edu/Urgent_Action/apic_52396.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Nanngaaɓe ɓee njaltinaama caggal nde ɓe njaltini kaalis laamu nguu, ɓe njaɓi heen sarɗiiji. Laamu nguu kadi fawi e kasoo ñiŋooɓe ɗum, haa arti noon e [[Fela kuti|Fela Kuti]].&lt;ref name=&quot;amnesty2&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://static.amnesty.org/ai50/fela_kuti_en.pdf|title=Fela Kuti, PoC, Nigeria|date=2010|website=amnesty.org|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150404020006/http://static.amnesty.org/ai50/fela_kuti_en.pdf|archive-date=4 April 2015|quote=On numerous occasions he was detained and harassed by the authorities}}&lt;/ref&gt; O nanngaa ko ñalnde 4 suwee 1984 to laana ndiwoowa nde o woni e yahde njillu to [[Amerik]]. Fedde ''Amnesty International'' hollitii wonde tuume ɗe o tuumanoo ko e yaltinde kaalis leydi ngoɗndi ko &quot;fewre&quot;. Huutoraade mbaawkaaji jaajɗi ɗi kuulal 2 rokki ɗum, laamu nguu ñaawii Fela duuɓi joy kasoo. O woppitaa caggal lebbi 18,&lt;ref name=&quot;amnesty22&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://static.amnesty.org/ai50/fela_kuti_en.pdf|title=Fela Kuti, PoC, Nigeria|date=2010|website=amnesty.org|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150404020006/http://static.amnesty.org/ai50/fela_kuti_en.pdf|archive-date=4 April 2015|quote=On numerous occasions he was detained and harassed by the authorities}}&lt;/ref&gt; nde laamu Buhari yani.

Haala Dikko laati wakkati feere feere nder laamu sooja'en Buhari. [[Umaru Dikko]], gonnooɗo jaagorgal ko feewti e yah-ngartaa e laamu siwil ɓennungu nguu, hono Shagari, dognoowo leydi ndii ko juuti caggal kuudetaa, o tuumaama ko o ƴattoowo miliyaaruuji 1 dolaar njoɓdi petroŋ. E ballal neɗɗo tuumaaɗo wonde golloowo Mossad, NSO rewi e makko haa Londres, ɗo operateer en ummoriiɓe Niiseer e Israayiil ndartini mo, mbari mo. Ɓe mbaɗi mo e nder saak plastik, caggal ɗuum ɓe cuuɗii e nder saak ina winndaa heen « Bagaas Diplomatique ». Faandaare ndeeɗoo golle sirlu ko neldude Dikko to leydi Nijeer e nder laana ndiwoowa Boeing 707, ka alaa ko woni e mum, ngam ñaaweede sabu mum ƴattaade. Feere nde ko ofiseeji laamorgo leydi Angalteer ndartini ɗum.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|last=Alex|first=Last|date=12 November 2012|title=The foiled Nigerian kidnap plot|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-20211380|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181124114330/https://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-20211380|archive-date=24 November 2018|access-date=21 July 2018|website=bbc.co.uk}}&lt;/ref&gt;  

Laamu Buhari ina wondi e caɗeele jowitiiɗe e baasal 53 valiseeji ɗi anndaaka ko woni e mum en.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|date=20 October 2014|title=S-H-O-C-K-I-N-G!!! 5 starnge things you never knew about Buhari – By Nzeribe Enz|url=http://www.transparentnigeria.com/news_entries/9088/S-H-O-C-K-I-N-G-5-starnge-things-you-never-knew-about-Buhari-%E2%80%93-By-Nzeribe-Enz|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150119204253/http://www.transparentnigeria.com/news_entries/9088/S-H-O-C-K-I-N-G-5-starnge-things-you-never-knew-about-Buhari-%E2%80%93-By-Nzeribe-Enz|archive-date=19 January 2015|website=transparentnigeria.com|publisher=Nzeribe Enz}}&lt;/ref&gt;  Valiseeji ɗii ko Emir Gwandu, ɓiyiiko wonnoo aide-de-camp Buhari, nawnoo ɗi, ɗi laɓɓinaama e doosɗe ñalnde 10 lewru nduu hitaande 1984 tawa ɗi ƴeewndaaka e nder diwgol makko gartugol ummoraade Arabi Sawdit.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Ogbondah|first=Chris|date=1991|title=Origins and Interpretation of Nigerian Press Laws|url=http://archive.lib.msu.edu/DMC/African%20Journals/pdfs/africa%20media%20review/vol5no2/jamr005002006.pdf|journal=Africa Media Review|access-date=19 January 2015|archive-date=24 December 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121224033156/http://archive.lib.msu.edu/DMC/African%20Journals/pdfs/africa%20media%20review/vol5no2/jamr005002006.pdf|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

E hitaande 1984, Buhari yaltini kuulal 4, kuulal reentaade tuumeede fenaande,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Ogbondah|first=Chris|date=1991|title=Origins and Interpretation of Nigerian Press Laws|url=http://archive.lib.msu.edu/DMC/African%20Journals/pdfs/africa%20media%20review/vol5no2/jamr005002006.pdf|journal=Africa Media Review|access-date=19 January 2015|archive-date=24 December 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121224033156/http://archive.lib.msu.edu/DMC/African%20Journals/pdfs/africa%20media%20review/vol5no2/jamr005002006.pdf|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; sariya jaayndeeji doolnuɗi. Taƴre 1 sariya oo hollitii wonde &quot;Kala neɗɗo bayyinoowo e kala mbaadi, so tawii ko binndol walla ko wonaa ɗum, kala mesaas, haala, ciimtol walla haala [...] tawa ko fenaande e nder kala huunde teeŋtunde walla tawa ina addana laamu militeeruuji fedde ndee walla laamu dowla walla golloowo laamu gusense off this shaputilll walla disputilll Dekere&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.nationalnetworkonline.com/vol10n40/nondisclosure.html|location=Port Harcourt, Nigeria|title=My Stance On 'Non Disclosure' Remains Unshakable – Tunde Thompson|date=9 October 2013|newspaper=[[National Network (newspaper)|National Network]]|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150120114257/http://www.nationalnetworkonline.com/vol10n40/nondisclosure.html|archive-date=20 January 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sariya oo hollitii kadi wonde jaayndiyankooɓe e bayyinooɓe tooñooɓe ɓee maa ñaawe e ñaawirde militeer udditiinde, nde ñaawirdu nduu foti wonde joofnirde, tawa ñaawirdu nduu ina waawi ñaaweede e kala ñaawirde, tawa kadi ko ñaawirdu nduu foti yoɓeede ko famɗi fof 10 000 naira, e ñaawoore kasoo fotde duuɓi ɗiɗi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=CCT Chairman Advocates Return of Decree 2 to punish Journalists|date=7 June 2016|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2016/06/cct-chairman-advocates-return-decree-2-punish-journalists/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=17 September 2023|archive-date=13 October 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231013075701/https://www.vanguardngr.com/2016/06/cct-chairman-advocates-return-decree-2-punish-journalists/|url-status=live|newspaper=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[File:Nigerian Public Domain 144.jpg|thumb|Buhari e nder uniforme]]

=== Faggudu ===
Winndannde mawnde: Buharism

Ngam moƴƴitinugo faggudu, bana hooreejo lesdi, Buhari fuɗɗi nyiɓugo laabi rento-siyaasa e faggudu lesdi, bee gooŋgaaji ngonka faggudu [[Naajeeriya]] cemmbiɗɗum.&lt;ref name=&quot;upa&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author1=Nwachuku, Levi Akalazu|author2=G. N. Uzoigwe|title=Troubled Journey: Nigeria Since the Civil War|publisher=University Press of America|year=2004|page=192}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mahngo ngoo ina waɗi ittude walla taƴde ko ɓuri heewde e ngalu ngenndi, momtude walla ittude haa laaɓa cer, njulaagu e nder renndo ngenndi, waylude ko ɓuri heewde e golle laamu, fayde e golle hoore mum. Buhari kadi hirjinii njulaagu lomto import tuugiiɗo e huutoraade geɗe nokkuuje.&lt;ref name=&quot;upa2&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author1=Nwachuku, Levi Akalazu|author2=G. N. Uzoigwe|title=Troubled Journey: Nigeria Since the Civil War|publisher=University Press of America|year=2004|page=192}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kono noon, tiiɗtinde naatgol leydi ndii addani ustude kaɓirɗe ngam gollorɗe addani gollorɗe keewɗe golloraade ko famɗi fof,{{sfn|Graf|1988|p=162}} ustude gollotooɓe e nder won e nokkuuji uddugol gollorɗe.&lt;ref name=&quot;autogenerated4222&quot;&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-12890807|title=Nigeria's Muhammadu Buhari in profile|date=17 April 2011|work=BBC News|access-date=20 April 2011|archive-date=20 April 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110420211645/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-12890807|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Buhari taƴi jokkondiral mum e fedde nde wonaa laamuyankoore (FMI), nde fedde nde ɗaɓɓiri laamu nguu yo ustoy ceede naira fotde 60%. Kono noon, peeje ɗe Buhari ummini e hoore mum ɗee, ina tiiɗi no feewi, walla ko ɓuri ɗum, ko FMI ɗaɓɓi koo.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|last1=Vreeland|first1=James Raymond|title=The International Monetary Fund: Politics of Conditional Lending|date=19 December 2006|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-0-415-37463-7|page=60|quote=Buhari proved his independence by pushing through economic austerity so severe it went beyond what many advised – all the while he refused IMF assistance.}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|last1=Mathews|first1=Martin P.|title=Nigeria: Current Issues and Historical Background|date=1 May 2002|publisher=[[Nova Science Publishers, Inc.]]|isbn=978-1-59033-316-7|page=122|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hTs6GpM4zDMC&amp;q=buhari+imf&amp;pg=PA122|access-date=19 January 2015|archive-date=3 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210103155730/https://books.google.com/books?id=hTs6GpM4zDMC&amp;q=buhari+imf&amp;pg=PA122|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ñalnde 7 lewru Mbooy hitaande 1984, Buhari hollitii bidsee leydi ndii e hitaande 1984. Bidjet oo ari ko e peeje timmuɗe :

Haɗde ko juuti ƴettude gollotooɓe e nder sekteer laamu fedde nde

Ɓeydude njoɓɗeele riiwa

Haltinde eɓɓaaɗe kapitaal

Haɗde laamuuji dowlaaji ñamlude

15% taƴaama e bidsee Shagari mo hitaande 1983

Reentaade njoɓɗeele naatgol

Ustugol ŋakkeende njoɓdi e taƴde naatgol

Nde rokki kadi teddungal e naatgol kaɓirɗe e geɗe baɗaaɗe ngam ndema e njulaagu.

Peeje faggudu goɗɗe ɗe Buhari ƴetti, ko wayi no njulaagu, waylude kaalis, ustude coggu geɗe e golle. Politik makko faggudu dañaani mo laawɗingol jamaanu sabu ɓeydagol coodguuli geɗe nguura e huutoraade doole konu ngam jokkude ustude politikaaji keewɗi tuumaaɗi e ɓeydagol coggu nguura.{{sfn|Graf|1988|p=164}}

=== Mobbooji renndo mawɗi ===
Winndannde mawnde: Hare ngam haɓaade ŋakkeende nehdi

Ina jeyaa e ko ɓuri duumaade e laamu Buhari, ko wolde ngam haɓaade majjere (WAI). Fuɗɗaama ñalnde 20 marse 1984, politik oo etinooma ƴellitde ŋakkeende nehdi renndo e jojjanɗe renndo leydi [[Najeriya]]. [[Naajeeriya|Naajeeriya'en]] ɓe ɗon mari haaje, ɓe ɗon mari haaje waɗugo laylaytol laaɓngol haa nokkuuje mootaaji, les gite sooje'en marɓe fijirde. Gollotooɓe laamu&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-12890807|title=Nigeria's Muhammadu Buhari in profile|date=11 December 2014|website=bbc.co.uk|access-date=21 July 2018|archive-date=13 August 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180813125916/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-12890807|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; ɓe mbaawaano hollirde waktuuji mum en e golle, ɓe cemmbinaama, ɓe ndokkaama &quot;diwgol paabi&quot;. Bonanndeeji tokoosi ina njogii ñaawoore juutnde, yeru, kala almuudo mo duuɓi mum njahrata e 17 nanngaaɗo ina fooɗa ekkol, ina heɓa duuɓi 21 kasoo. Bonanndeeji ɓurɗi teeŋtude ko wayi no fenaande e ustude ina mbaawi addude ñaawoore warngo.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1984/08/10/world/nigeria-s-discipline-campaign-not-sparing-the-rod.html|title=Nigeria's discipline campaign: Not sparing the rod|date=10 August 1984|work=The New York Times|author=Clifford D. May|access-date=11 February 2017|archive-date=9 June 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170609222757/http://www.nytimes.com/1984/08/10/world/nigeria-s-discipline-campaign-not-sparing-the-rod.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Laamu Buhari waɗii kuule tati ngam wiɗtude njulaagu e ƴellitde kaalis leydi ngoɗndi. Dekere banke (''Freezing of Accounts'') mo hitaande 1984, rokki laamu militeer fedde ndee mbaawka ustude konte bankeeji yimɓe tuumaaɓe waɗde fenaande. Kuulal ƴettugol jawdi laamu (''Tribunal'' militaire ''spécial'') ina rokki laamu nguu yamiroore ƴeewtaade jawdi liggotooɓe laamu jokkondirɓe e njulaagu, sosde ñaawirde konu ngam ñaawde ɓeeɗoo yimɓe. Dekeree jowitiingal e mbayliigu (''Anti-Sabotage'') hollitii kuuge wonande tooñooɓe sariyaaji mbayliigu caggal leydi.{{sfn|Graf|1988|p=154}}

Decree 20 dow limngal laanaaji ndiyam e njulaagu dorog ko yeru goɗɗo dow laawol Buhari tiiɗngol ngam haɓugo bee aybeeji.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.country-data.com/cgi-bin/query/r-9485.html|title=Security and Anticrime Measures|date=June 1991|website=country-data.com|access-date=19 January 2015|archive-date=14 March 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150314231150/http://www.country-data.com/cgi-bin/query/r-9485.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kuulal 3 (2) (K) hollitii wonde &quot;kala neɗɗo mo alaa baawɗe sariya, ina huutoroo, ina yeeyda, ina ɓuuɓna walla ina foofa ñawu nguu, tawa ina fawee kuulal 6 (3) (K) tooñannge, tawa ina waawi faweede kuugal warngo e dow fenaande.&quot; E nder haala Bernard Ogedengebe, Dekere oo huutoraama ko caggal.&lt;ref name=&quot;tdl22&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.thisdaylive.com/articles/buhari-history-and-the-wilfully-blind/198756/|title=Buhari: History and the Wilfully Blind|date=10 January 2015|newspaper=[[This Day]]|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150113061304/http://www.thisdaylive.com/articles/buhari-history-and-the-wilfully-blind/198756/|archive-date=13 January 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; O waraama hay so tawii e sahaa nde o nanngaa ndee, bonannde ndee yamiraani ñaawoore warngo, kono o waɗiino ñaawoore lebbi jeegom kasoo.&lt;ref name=&quot;tdl222&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.thisdaylive.com/articles/buhari-history-and-the-wilfully-blind/198756/|title=Buhari: History and the Wilfully Blind|date=10 January 2015|newspaper=[[This Day]]|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150113061304/http://www.thisdaylive.com/articles/buhari-history-and-the-wilfully-blind/198756/|archive-date=13 January 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; E nder haala goɗɗa mawka e lewru abriil 1985, Naajeeriyankooɓe njeegomo ñaawaama warngo e dow yamiroore wootere : Sidikatu Tairi, Sola Oguntayo, Oladele Omosebi, Lasunkanmi Awolola, Jimi Adebayo e Gladys Iyamah.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.abiyamo.com/muhammadu-buhari-nigerias-strictest-leader/7/|title=Muhammadu Buhari, Nigeria's Strictest Leader|date=2 July 2013|website=abiyamo.com|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150120113947/http://www.abiyamo.com/muhammadu-buhari-nigerias-strictest-leader/7/|archive-date=20 January 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;

E hitaande 1985, sabu ŋakkeende faggudu e ɓeydagol bonanndeeji, laamu Buhari udditi keeri (udditaama gila e lewru abriil 1984) hakkunde Benin, [[Niiser|Niiseer]], [[Caad]] e [[Kamerun|Kameruun]] ngam yaawnude riiwtude 700 000 koɗdiiɗo e gollotooɓe e nder leydi ndi tawa ko e laawol&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1985/05/05/world/expelled-foreigners-pouring-ved=0CHwQ6AEwDw#v=onepageout-of-nigeria-by-the-associated-press.html|title=Expelled foreigners pouring out of Nigeria By The Associated Press|date=5 May 1985|website=[[The New York Times]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Buhari hannde ina anndaa e ooɗoo kiris; wonno hay heege to fuɗnaange leydi Nijeer nde inniraa &quot;El Buhari&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.jeuneafrique.com/Article/ARTJAWEB20141211173541/|title=Présidentielle nigériane : Muhammadu Buhari affrontera Goodluck Jonathan|date=11 December 2014|website=jeuneafrique.com|access-date=19 January 2015|archive-date=4 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211204194311/https://www.jeuneafrique.com/37766/politique/pr-sidentielle-nig-riane-muhammadu-buhari-affrontera-goodluck-jonathan/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Laamu makko heɓi ñiŋooje keewɗe, haa arti noon e [[Wole Soyinka]], keɓɗo njeenaari ''Nobel'' gadano to leydi [[Najeriya]], mo winndi e hitaande 2007, winndannde ina wiyee &quot;Bonanndeeji Buhari&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://saharareporters.com/2007/01/14/crimes-buhari-wole-soyinka|location=New York City, United States|title=The crimes of Buhari-Wole Soyinka|date=14 January 2007|newspaper=[[Sahara Reporters]]|access-date=19 January 2015|archive-date=20 January 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150120115130/http://saharareporters.com/2007/01/14/crimes-buhari-wole-soyinka|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;, nde o tuumi Buhari wonde ina ƴeewa bonanndeeji keewɗi e sahaa nde o woni laamɗo konu.

Ko adii wooteeji mawɗi 2015, Buhari jaabtii ƴamɗe maako dow jojjanɗe aadee, o wi'i to o suɓaama, o tokka laawol, nden boo woodi laawol heɓugo kiitaaji ngam yimɓe [[Naajeeriya]] fuu e teddungal jojjanɗe aadee [[Naajeeriya|Naajeeriya'en]].&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20160304195948/http://www.vanguardngr.com/2015/03/my-contract-with-nigeria-buhari/ My contract with Nigeria – Buhari]. vanguardngr.com (17 March 2015)&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Kuuɓal laamu hitaande 1985 ===
Winndannde mawnde: Kuudetaa laamu Nijeer 1985

E lewru ut 1985, Seneraal Buhari fooli laamu e nder kuudetaa mo Seneraal [[Ibrahim Babangida]] e woɗɓe terɗe fedde toppitiinde konu laamu (SMC) ardii.&lt;ref name=&quot;Muhammad Buhari2&quot;&gt;{{cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Muhammadu-Buhari|title=Muhammadu Buhari|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190218031931/https://www.britannica.com/biography/Muhammadu-Buhari|archive-date=18 February 2019|access-date=8 February 2015|encyclopedia=Encyclopaedia Britannica}}&lt;/ref&gt; Babangida waddi ɗuuɗɓe nder yimɓe ɓurduɓe ƴamɗe Buhari nder laamu maako, hawtaade e miñiiko [[Fela kuti|Fela Kuti]], [[Olikoye Ransome-Kuti]], doktoor ardinooɗo seppo Buhari ngam salaade ustaare kuuɗe cellal. Ndeen Buhari ina jokki e nder wuro Benin haa hitaande 1988.&lt;ref name=&quot;Muhammad Buhari22&quot;&gt;{{cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Muhammadu-Buhari|title=Muhammadu Buhari|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190218031931/https://www.britannica.com/biography/Muhammadu-Buhari|archive-date=18 February 2019|access-date=8 February 2015|encyclopedia=Encyclopaedia Britannica}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ko adii laamu (1985-2015) ==

=== Nanngugol ===
Buhari waɗi duuɓi tati e nder kasoo e nder suudu tokoosru gardiiɗo e nder wuro Benin.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=7 November 2016|title=Buhari: Most part of my detention was in a small bungalow in Benin|url=https://www.thecable.ng/buhari-part-detention-small-bungalow-benin|access-date=17 September 2023|newspaper=[[TheCable]]|language=en-US|archive-date=13 October 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231013075655/https://www.thecable.ng/buhari-part-detention-small-bungalow-benin|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; O heɓi teleeji kollitooji laabi ɗiɗi e terɗe galle makko ina njaɓa yillaade mo e dow yamiroore Babangida.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Nwachukwu|first=John Owen|date=16 May 2017|title=How Ibrahim Babaginda sent bags of money to Buhari – John Parden|url=https://dailypost.ng/2017/05/16/ibrahim-babaginda-sent-bags-money-buhari-john-parden/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=17 September 2023|newspaper=[[Daily Post (Nigeria)|Daily Post]]|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Nguurndam siwil en ===
E [[lewru]] desaambar 1988, caggal maayde yumma makko o woppitaa, o arti e hoɗorde makko to [[Daura]]. Nde o woni e kasoo ndee, ko banndiraaɓe makko njuɓɓinta ngesa makko. O seerti e debbo makko gadano e hitaande 1988, o resi Aisha Halilu. To [[Katsina]], o wonti hooreejo arano fedde [[Katsína|Katsina]] nde sosaa ngam semmbinde ƴellitaare renndo e faggudu e nder diiwaan [[Katsína|Katsina]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=GidauniyarJihar Katsina {{!}} Katsina State|url=https://www.gidauniyarjiharkatsina.org/|access-date=16 July 2025|website=Gidauniya|language=en|archive-date=14 August 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240814195626/https://www.gidauniyarjiharkatsina.org/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Buhari laati hooreejo hukuumaaji pamari (PTF), hukuumaaji ɗi laamu Seneraal [[Sani Abacha]] sosi, ɗi ɗon hokka ceede ko hewti ceede ko ɓesdaari ceede ''petroleum'', ngam jokkugo kuuɗe ɓamtaare nder lesdi ndi'i. Rajo 1998 nder ''New African'' manti PTF e les Buhari ngam laaɓal maako, o wi'i ɗum &quot;taariiha nasaraaku&quot; ko seɗɗa.&lt;ref name=&quot;PTF&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=Development: PTF – shining in the gloom|url=http://www.africasia.com/archive/na/98_06/abcr0604.htm|date=June 1998|access-date=4 November 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120120225841/http://www.africasia.com/archive/na/98_06/abcr0604.htm|archive-date=20 January 2012|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; Nde Buhari woni hooreejo fedde ''pétroleum trust Fund'' (PTF), ƴamooɓe lefol ngol ina naamnoo wonde PTF ina rokka 20% e jawdi mum e militeer en, tawi ɓe kulii wonde ɗum waawataa limteede e ngalu nguu.&lt;ref name=&quot;PTF2&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=Development: PTF – shining in the gloom|url=http://www.africasia.com/archive/na/98_06/abcr0604.htm|date=June 1998|access-date=4 November 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120120225841/http://www.africasia.com/archive/na/98_06/abcr0604.htm|archive-date=20 January 2012|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=14 December 2014|title=The Buhari PTF Days: The Untold Story|url=http://pointblanknews.com/pbn/exclusive/buhari-ptf-days-untold-story/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200719145545/http://pointblanknews.com/pbn/exclusive/buhari-ptf-days-untold-story/|archive-date=19 July 2020|access-date=17 July 2020|website=Pointblank News|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

O limti nder hitaande 2001 o wi'i, &quot;Mi ɗon jokki hollugo nder peewal e nder am, darnde am timmunde ngam hukuumaaji pamari ɗi ɗon ƴaɓɓoo nder lesdi Naajeeriya fuu&quot;, nden o ɓesdi wi'ugo: &quot;To Allah yiɗi, min ɗon haɗa agitaasiyoŋ ngam huuwugo kuugal sharia nder leydi ndi'i fuu.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;Akhaine, Saxone (27 August 2001) [http://m.allafrica.com/stories/200108270355.html Nigeria: Buhari Calls for Sharia in All States] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150123212623/http://m.allafrica.com/stories/200108270355.html/|date=23 January 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=24 December 2014|title=Insurgency and Buhari's call for full Sharia|url=http://www.vanguardngr.com/2014/12/insurgency-buharis-call-full-sharia/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150119192839/http://www.vanguardngr.com/2014/12/insurgency-buharis-call-full-sharia/|archive-date=19 January 2015|access-date=19 January 2015|newspaper=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''allegations Islamist'' he had8ni. Ñalnde 6 [[lewru]] Yarkomaa 2015, Buhari wiyi: &quot;Sabu ɓe mbaawaa ƴattaade binndanɗe amen, ɓe tuuma kam e fenaande e jingoism leñol; ɓe tuuma kam e fenaande e ''fundamentalism'' diine. Ngam ɓe mbaawaa ƴattaade binndanɗe amen, ɓe tuuma min e fenaande e noddude fitinaaji wooteeji – nde min njooɗii tan ko e ne peaad ''State Shari’a''.”&lt;ref&gt;Iginla, Ademola (6 January 2015) [https://web.archive.org/web/20151003041632/http://www.osundefender.org/?p=204013%2F A Great Message: Gen Buhari Tweets From His Heart This Morning]. osundefender.org&lt;/ref&gt;

E hitaande 2012, innde Buhari naati nder doggol yimɓe ɓe [[Boko haram|Boko Haram]] hooli ngam ɓe ndarna hakkunde fedde nde e laamu lesdi.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.vanguardngr.com/2012/11/boko-haram-names-buhari-5-others-as-mediators/ Boko Haram names Buhari, 5 others as mediators – Vanguard News] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150119224236/http://www.vanguardngr.com/2012/11/boko-haram-names-buhari-5-others-as-mediators/|date=19 January 2015}}. Vanguardngr.com (1 November 2012). Retrieved on 4 November 2016.&lt;/ref&gt; Kono Buhari saliima no feewi, salii waɗde hakkunde laamu nguu e [[Boko haram|Boko Haram]]. E hitaande 2013, Muhammadu Buhari waɗi haalaaji ɗuuɗɗi, nde o ƴami laamu lesdi ndi'i ngam o darna wartugo yimɓe [[Boko haram|Boko Haram]], nden o wi'i ummaatoore hukuumaaji rento ɗon mari haaje ɗuuɗal hukuumaaji lesdi [[Naajeeriya]] haa lesdi [[Naajeeriya]]. Buhari hollitii&lt;ref name=&quot;pbk2&quot;&gt;[http://pointblanknews.com/pbn/exclusive/stop-killing-boko-haram-members-buhari-tells-fg/ Stop Killing Boko Haram Members – Buhari Tells FG] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150119223446/http://pointblanknews.com/pbn/exclusive/stop-killing-boko-haram-members-buhari-tells-fg/|date=19 January 2015}}. pointblanknews.com (2 June 2013)&lt;/ref&gt; wonde &quot;ko woni sabaabu ngonka kisal e nder leydi ndi ko golle jom en jawɗeele en [...] Hooreejo leydi Nijeer fuɗɗii ɗum fof&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=13 December 2014|title=Why we're yet to crush Boko Haram – Jonathan|url=http://www.vanguardngr.com/2014/12/yet-crush-boko-haram-jonathan/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150119225925/http://www.vanguardngr.com/2014/12/yet-crush-boko-haram-jonathan/|archive-date=19 January 2015|access-date=19 January 2015|newspaper=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; O naamndii kadi ko fayti e njuɓɓudi keeriindi ndi ina jeyaa heen fotde 500 miliyoŋ dolaar hitaande kala yoɓeteendi e 30 000 militeer e nder porogaraam yaafuya gila 2013&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-22357597 Has Nigeria's Niger Delta managed to buy peace? – BBC News] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181119113737/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-22357597|date=19 November 2018}}. Bbc.co.uk (1 May 2013). Retrieved on 4 November 2016.&lt;/ref&gt; e laamu fedde ndee, o mettini heen no feewi nde terɗe Boko Haram mbaraa, galleeji mum en mbonni.

=== Kampaañuuji e woote hooreleydaagu ===
'''Woote hooreleydaagu 2003'''

E hitaande 2003, Buhari suɓaama ngam suɓugo hooreejo lesdi&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/6508055.stm|work=BBC News|title=Nigeria: Facts and figures|date=17 April 2007|access-date=24 June 2009|archive-date=1 September 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170901035339/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/6508055.stm|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; bana kanndidaajo lanyol yimɓe lesdi [[Naajeeriya]] fuu (ANPP). O fooli hooreejo leydi ndi, hono [[Olusegun Obasanjo|Olusẹgun Ọbasanjọ]], ko ɓuri miliyoŋaaji 11 woote.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Buhari at 69: The leader Nigeria lacks|url=https://dailytrust.com/buhari-at-69-the-leader-nigeria-lacks/|access-date=17 September 2023|newspaper=[[Daily Trust]]|date=18 December 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Woote hooreleydaagu 2007 ===
Ñalnde 18 [[lewru]] Duujal hitaande 2006, Buhari suɓaama ngam won'de kanndidaa kawral e lannda yimɓe [[Naajeeriya]] fuu. Ko ɓuri heewde e luulndiiɓe makko e wooteeji abriil 2007 ko kanndidaa PDP laamu nguu, hono [[Umaru Yar'Adua]], ummoriiɗo e diiwaan [[Katsina]] gooto. Buhari hoosi 18% nder wooteeji ɗi Yar'Adua heɓi 70%, ammaa Buhari sali ɗi'i limngal.&lt;ref name=&quot;Huge&quot;&gt;[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/6584393.stm &quot;Huge win for Nigeria's Yar'Adua&quot;] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070426235748/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/6584393.stm|date=26 April 2007}}, BBC News, 23 April 2007.&lt;/ref&gt; Caggal nde Yar'Adua heɓi laamu, o noddi laamu ngootaagu ngenndi ngam addude terɗe luulndo mettuɗe. ANPP naati e laamu nguu e toɗɗagol hooreejo mum ngenndiijo ngam wonde tergal e kabine Yar'Adua, kono Buhari ñiŋii ngal nanondiral.&lt;ref&gt;Felix Onuah and Camillus Eboh, {{Deprecated archive|url=https://archive.today/20070517203204/http://www.int.iol.co.za/index.php?set_id=1&amp;click_id=68&amp;art_id=nw20070704220154487C404988|title=&quot;Nigerian president picks ministers&quot;}}, Reuters (''IOL''), 4 July 2007.&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Woote hooreleydaagu 2011 ===
E lewru marse 2010, Buhari yalti lannda ANPP, o naati e lannda Kongres ngam Waylo-waylo (CPC), lannda mo o walli sosde. O wiyi o wallitoriima sosde CPC &quot;hono feere ngam haɓaade luural cemmbinngal, etikaaji e miijooji e nder lannda am gonnooɗo ANPP&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;Mamah20100318&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201003180375.html|title=Buhari Joins Congress for Progressive Change|work=Vanguard|author=Emeka Mamah|date=18 March 2010|access-date=22 April 2011|archive-date=19 October 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121019083100/http://allafrica.com/stories/201003180375.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Buhari woni kanndidaajo hooreejo lesdi CPC nder suɓol 2011, o ɗon nodda ardiiɗo lesdi [[Goodluck Jonathan]] mo lanyol lesdi [[Naajeeriya]] (PDP), Mallam [[Nuhu Ribaɗo|Nuhu Ribadu]] mo lanyol lesdi [[Naajeeriya]] (ACN), e [[Ibraahiima Shekarau]] mo lanyol ANPP. Ko kamɓe ngoni ɓurɓe waawde haɓaade e nder kanndidaaji 20.&lt;ref name=&quot;INEC&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=Summary of the 2011 Presidential election results|url=http://www.inecnigeria.org/results/presidential/|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110529123316/http://www.inecnigeria.org/results/presidential/|archive-date=29 May 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; Buhari waɗi kampaañ mum e dow laylaytol haɓaade fenaande, o fotnoo ko ittude reentaare immunity e dow ardiiɓe laamu. O hokki kadi ballal ngam tabitinki kiitaaji sharia nder jihaaji woyla lesdi [[Naajeeriya]], ko adii ɗum ko ɗum addani mo caɗeele politik hakkunde suɓooɓe Kirista'en nder fombina leydi ndi'i.&lt;ref name=&quot;autogenerated4223&quot;&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-12890807|title=Nigeria's Muhammadu Buhari in profile|date=17 April 2011|work=BBC News|access-date=20 April 2011|archive-date=20 April 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110420211645/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-12890807|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Suɓol ngol waɗii fitinaaji mawɗi hakkunde diinaaji, ɗi 800 neɗɗo maayi e nder leydi ndi, nde tawnoo wallidiiɓe Buhari njani e gure Kerecee’en e nder diiwaan caka leydi ndi.&lt;ref name=&quot;cfr&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://blogs.cfr.org/campbell/2014/12/12/nigerian-religious-leaders-advise-political-candidates/|title=Nigerian Religious Leaders Advise Political Candidates|date=12 December 2014|website=cfr.org|access-date=19 January 2015|archive-date=13 January 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150113121021/http://blogs.cfr.org/campbell/2014/12/12/nigerian-religious-leaders-advise-political-candidates/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Fitinaaji balɗe tati ɗii, ko huunde nde Buhari haali ko ina ɓuuɓna.&lt;ref name=&quot;cfr2&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://blogs.cfr.org/campbell/2014/12/12/nigerian-religious-leaders-advise-political-candidates/|title=Nigerian Religious Leaders Advise Political Candidates|date=12 December 2014|website=cfr.org|access-date=19 January 2015|archive-date=13 January 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150113121021/http://blogs.cfr.org/campbell/2014/12/12/nigerian-religious-leaders-advise-political-candidates/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ko wonaa jamirooje ummoraade e ''Human Rights Watch'', ñaawoowo woote ɗee &quot;ina jeyaa e ɓurɗe nuunɗude e daartol leydi [[Naajeeriya|Najeriya]]&quot;, Buhari wiyi wonde woote ɗee ina ŋakki, o jeertinii&lt;ref name=&quot;cfr3&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://blogs.cfr.org/campbell/2014/12/12/nigerian-religious-leaders-advise-political-candidates/|title=Nigerian Religious Leaders Advise Political Candidates|date=12 December 2014|website=cfr.org|access-date=19 January 2015|archive-date=13 January 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150113121021/http://blogs.cfr.org/campbell/2014/12/12/nigerian-religious-leaders-advise-political-candidates/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; wonde &quot;so ko waɗi e hitaande 2011 ina foti waɗde kadi e hitaande 2015, e dow moƴƴere Alla, baboon fof maa won dogdu e ƴiiƴam&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|last1=Soyombo|first1=Fisayo|title=Opinion Will Muhammadu Buhari be Nigeria's next president?|url=http://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/opinion/2014/12/will-muhammadu-buhari-be-niger-2014123191647111939.html|website=aljazeera.com|access-date=19 January 2015|date=31 December 2014|quote=In 2011, Buhari was accused of inciting the violence that followed his loss to Jonathan. The following year, he said &quot;the dog and the baboon would all be soaked in blood&quot; should the 2015 election be rigged. Buhari has shed blood before for his presidential ambition, some people believe. And they think he would do it again. Such a man, they reason, should never taste power.|archive-date=11 January 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150111054340/http://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/opinion/2014/12/will-muhammadu-buhari-be-niger-2014123191647111939.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last1=Ndujihe|first1=Clifford|last2=Idonor|first2=Daniel|title=Post-election violence: FG panel report indicts Buhari|url=http://www.vanguardngr.com/2011/10/post-election-violence-fg-panel-report-indicts-buhari/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|newspaper=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]]|access-date=19 January 2015|date=11 October 2011|archive-date=19 January 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150119225955/http://www.vanguardngr.com/2011/10/post-election-violence-fg-panel-report-indicts-buhari/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Buhari heddii ko &quot;jaambaaro leñol&quot; wonande won e yimɓe ngam salaade fenaande.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.naij.com/306026-buharis-presidential-attempts-and-2015-chances.html|title=Buhari's Presidential Attempts And 2015 Chances|date=November 2014|website=naij.com|access-date=21 January 2015|archive-date=13 November 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141113064255/http://www.naij.com/306026-buharis-presidential-attempts-and-2015-chances.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; O heɓi 12 214 853 woote, o woni ɗiɗaɓo caggal Jonathan, mo heɓi 22 495 187 woote, o anndinaama o heɓi.&lt;ref name=&quot;Next20110421&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://234next.com/csp/cms/sites/Next/Home/5691404-146/story.csp|title=Congress for Progressive Change considers going to court and Buhari declared that he will make Nigeria ungovernable for Jonathan. Since then the Boko Haram Sect has been bombing Nigerians|work=Next|author=Festus Owete|date=21 April 2011|access-date=22 April 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304095821/http://234next.com/csp/cms/sites/Next/Home/5691404-146/story.csp|archive-date=4 March 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Woote hooreleydaagu 2015 ===
Winndannde mawnde: Suɓol mawngol leydi [[Naajeeriya|Najeriya]] 2015

Buhari dogginaama nder suɓol hooreejo lesdi nder hitaande 2015 bana kanndidaajo lanyol Kongres. ''Platform'' makko mahiraa ko e natal makko no haɓantooɗo fenaande tiiɗnde e innde makko nde fenaande e nuunɗal, kono o wiyi o ƴeewtataa ardiiɓe fenaande ɓennuɓe, o rokkataa ardiiɓe wujjuɓe e fenaande ɓennunde so ɓe tuubnii.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/173941-buhari-will-not-probe-past-corrupt-nigerian-leaders-repent-apc.html|title=Buhari will not probe past corrupt Nigerian leaders if they repent – APC|date=29 December 2014|newspaper=[[Premium Times]]|access-date=19 January 2015|archive-date=19 January 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150119223627/http://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/173941-buhari-will-not-probe-past-corrupt-nigerian-leaders-repent-apc.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

E nder doggol wooteeji 2015, kampaañ Jonathan ɗaɓɓiri yo Buhari woppu wooteeji ɗii, o wiyi o mbo rewi e doosɗe leydi ndii.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/174654-nigeria2015-jonathan-wants-buhari-disqualified.html|title=#Nigeria2015: Jonathan wants Buhari disqualified|date=11 January 2015|newspaper=[[Premium Times]]|access-date=19 January 2015|archive-date=18 January 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150118024219/http://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/174654-nigeria2015-jonathan-wants-buhari-disqualified.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; E wiyde winndannde teskinnde ndee, ngam waawde suɓaade hooreejo leydi, neɗɗo ina foti « jaŋngude ko famɗi fof tolno seedantaagal Duɗal walla ko nanndi heen ». Buhari waawaano hokkude hay hujja gooto, o wiyi o majjini koppiiji dipolomaaji makko asliiji nde galle makko yani caggal nde o fooli laamu e hitaande 1985.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/174654-nigeria2015-jonathan-wants-buhari-disqualified.html|title=#Nigeria2015: Jonathan wants Buhari disqualified|date=11 January 2015|newspaper=[[Premium Times]]|access-date=19 January 2015|archive-date=18 January 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150118024219/http://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/174654-nigeria2015-jonathan-wants-buhari-disqualified.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

E lewru mee 2014, caggal nde sukaaɓe rewɓe janngooɓe [[Chibok]] mbaraa, Buhari ñiŋii no feewi fitinaaji [[Boko haram|Boko Haram]]. O &quot;eeri Naajeeriya'en ngam ɓe ndarna diina, siyaasaaku e kala senngooji goɗɗi ngam ɓe ɗon ƴama fitinaaji ɗi o wi'i ɗi ɗon ƴama yimɓe ɓe ngalaa hakkiilo, ɓe ɗon ƴama juulɓe&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;Ajasa, Femi. (8 May 2014) [http://www.vanguardngr.com/2014/05/buhari-boko-haram-youre-bigots-masquerading-muslims/ BUHARI TO BOKO HARAM: You're bigots masquerading as Muslims – Vanguard News] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140509023342/http://www.vanguardngr.com/2014/05/buhari-boko-haram-youre-bigots-masquerading-muslims/|date=9 May 2014}}. Vanguardngr.com. Retrieved on 4 November 2016.&lt;/ref&gt; E [[lewru]] juko hitaande 2014, Buhari daɗii e bommbooji ɗi [[Boko haram|Boko Haram]] waɗi e nguurndam mum to [[Kaduna]] ; 82 neɗɗo mbaraama heen.&lt;ref&gt;Muhammed, Garba. (24 July 2014) [https://web.archive.org/web/20160821173244/http://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-nigeria-violence-idUKKBN0FS19N20140723 Suicide bombs in Nigeria's Kaduna kill 82, ex-leader Buhari targeted] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160821173244/http://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-nigeria-violence-idUKKBN0FS19N20140723|date=21 August 2016}} [[Reuters]]. Uk.reuters.com. Retrieved on 4 November 2016.&lt;/ref&gt; E [[lewru]] Duujal hitaande 2014, Buhari fodani ɓesdugo kisal nder leydi [[Naajeeriya]] to o suɓaama hooreejo lesdi.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.voanews.com/a/nigeria-opposition-leader-vows-to-improve-security/2557090.html Nigeria Opposition Leader Vows to Improve Security] . Voanews.com (12 December 2014). Retrieved on 4 November 2016.&lt;/ref&gt; Caggal ngolɗoo bayyinaango, jaɓgol Buhari ɓeydiima no feewi, ko ɓuri heewde ko sabu Jonathan ina nanndi e waasde waawde haɓaade Boko Haram. Buhari waɗi kisal nder leydi e momtude fedde nde, ko huunde e geɗe teeŋtuɗe e nder kampaañ makko. E [[lewru]] Yarkomaa 2015, fedde wiyeteende &quot;Mouvement pour l'émancipation du delta du Niger&quot; (MEND) jaɓi Buhari.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.punchng.com/news/mend-replies-pdp-says-buhari-best-candidate/|title=MEND replies PDP, says Buhari best candidate|date=9 January 2015|newspaper=[[The Punch]]|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150110195931/http://www.punchng.com/news/mend-replies-pdp-says-buhari-best-candidate/|archive-date=10 January 2015|df=dmy-all}}&lt;/ref&gt;

E [[lewru]] feebariyee 2015, hooreejo leydi [[Naajeeriya]] ɓooyɗo, hono [[Olusegun Obasanjo]], yalti e lannda PDP, o jaɓi Buhari.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.rfi.fr/afrique/20150218-nigeria-ex-president-olusegun-obasanjo-lache-goodluck-jonathan-pdp-apc-boko-haram-presidentielle/|title=Nigeria: l'ex-président Olusegun Obasanjo lâche Goodluck Jonathan|date=18 February 2015|access-date=4 March 2015|publisher=RFI|archive-date=10 March 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150310123841/http://www.rfi.fr/afrique/20150218-nigeria-ex-president-olusegun-obasanjo-lache-goodluck-jonathan-pdp-apc-boko-haram-presidentielle/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ñalnde 31 mars, Jonathan noddi Buhari ngam jaɓde e jaarnaade mo e suɓagol makko hooreejo leydi.&lt;ref name=&quot;telegraph&quot;&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/africaandindianocean/nigeria/11507102/Muhammadu-Buhari-claims-victory-in-Nigerias-presidential-elections.html|title=Muhammadu Buhari claims victory in Nigeria's presidential elections|work=The Telegraph|author=Colin Freeman|date=31 March 2015|access-date=31 March 2015|archive-date=1 April 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150401021040/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/africaandindianocean/nigeria/11507102/Muhammadu-Buhari-claims-victory-in-Nigerias-presidential-elections.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Buhari hunnaama ñalnde 29 [[lewru]] Mbooy hitaande 2015 e nder kewu ngu ko famɗi fof 23 hooreejo leydi e laamu tawtoraama.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Historic succession complete as Buhari is sworn in as the president of Nigeria {{!}} Nigeria {{!}} The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/may/29/historic-succession-complete-buhari-sworn-in-nigerian-president|access-date=17 September 2023|website=amp.theguardian.com|date=29 May 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Udditgol ɗiɗaɓol ===
''Inauguration'' ɗiɗaɓo Buhari bana hooreejo lesdi [[Naajeeriya]] 15ɓo, e hooreejo lesdi 4ɓo nder lesdi [[Naajeeriya]] nayaɓre waɗii nyande Alarba, 29 May 2019, ɓaawo suɓol hooreejo lesdi [[Naajeeriya]] 2019 e maande fuɗɗam manndaa ɗiɗaɓo e ragare duuɓi nayi ɗi Muhammadu Buhari vijo hooreejo lesdi e Ye11.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Nigeria Presidential Elections Results 2019|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/resources/idt-f0b25208-4a1d-4068-a204-940cbe88d1d3|date=26 February 2019|access-date=23 May 2023|website=[[BBC News]]|archive-date=4 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201104082004/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/resources/idt-f0b25208-4a1d-4068-a204-940cbe88d1d3|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ko ngol woni go’o ko ngol woni go’o ko hooreejo leydi [[Naajeeriya|Najeriya]], e 6ɓo e nder leydi [[Naajeeriya|Najeriya]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://fmic.gov.ng/inauguration-of-president-muhammadu-buhari-as-president-professor-yemi-osinbajo-as-vice-president-of-the-federal-republic-of-nigeria/|title=2019 Presidential Inauguration Ceremony|last1=Oyeyemi|first1=Tunji|date=29 May 2019|publisher=FMIC|access-date=23 May 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;speech&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|last1=Erezi|first1=Dennis|title=Buhari sworn in for second term|url=https://guardian.ng/news/buhari-sworn-in-for-second-term/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|date=29 May 2019|access-date=23 May 2023|newspaper=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Juulde hunnde laamu nguu waɗi ko to nokku biyeteeɗo ''Eagle Square to'' [[Abuja]], laamorgo leydi ndii. Ardiiɗo kiitaaji joonde diidaaɗi lesdi [[Tanko Muhammad]] waɗi hunnde hooreejo lesdi Buhari e cukko hooreejo lesdi [[Yemi Osinbajo]]. Haala udditgol aadaaji ka waɗaaka.&lt;ref name=&quot;speech2&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|last1=Erezi|first1=Dennis|title=Buhari sworn in for second term|url=https://guardian.ng/news/buhari-sworn-in-for-second-term/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|date=29 May 2019|access-date=23 May 2023|newspaper=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Hooreejo leydi (2015-2023) ==
Kabaruuji goɗɗi: Hooreejo leydi [[Muhammadu Buhari]]

Faggudu nduu ina yahra e 0,9% gila e laamu nguu, e hitaande 2020, ŋakkeende golle ina tolnoo e 23%, tawi miliyoŋaaji ina naata e baasal.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.economist.com/middle-east-and-africa/2019/05/30/nigerians-got-poorer-in-muhammadu-buharis-first-term|title=Nigerians got poorer in Muhammadu Buhari's first term|newspaper=The Economist|access-date=26 March 2020|issn=0013-0613|archive-date=26 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200326160508/https://www.economist.com/middle-east-and-africa/2019/05/30/nigerians-got-poorer-in-muhammadu-buharis-first-term|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Gila hitaande 2015, Buhari majjii wallitooɓe sabu neɗɗaagu makko ngu o yi’ata ngu alaa semmbe e ƴettude kuule ɗe o miijii.&lt;ref name=&quot;ebe&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Obadare|first=Ebenezer|year=2019|title=Introduction: Nigeria – Twenty years of civil rule|journal=African Affairs|volume=121|issue=485|pages=e75–e86|doi=10.1093/afraf/adz004}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Ngaska ===
Wasiya'en Buhari mawɓe ɗon mari: ɓiɗɗo mawniiko'en [[Mamman Daura]], jom filu [[Ismaila Isa Funtua]], ardiiɗo siyaasaaku [[Baba Gana Kingibe]], [[Abba Kyari]] hooreejo kuuɗe hooreejo lesdi; e gila e daawal cakkitiingal manndaa makko gadano, [[Boss Mustapha]] Sekereteer laamu Fedde nde.&lt;ref name=&quot;vol60&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|date=30 August 2019|title=Executive exerts its privilege|url=https://www.africa-confidential.com/article-preview/id/12727/Executive_exerts_its_privilege|journal=Africa Confidential|language=en|volume=60|issue=17|access-date=23 October 2019|archive-date=3 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191003053134/https://www.africa-confidential.com/article-preview/id/12727/Executive_exerts_its_privilege|url-status=live}}{{Cite journal|date=30 August 2019|title=Executive exerts its privilege|url=https://www.africa-confidential.com/article-preview/id/12727/Executive_exerts_its_privilege|journal=Africa Confidential|language=en|volume=60|issue=17|access-date=23 October 2019|archive-date=3 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191003053134/https://www.africa-confidential.com/article-preview/id/12727/Executive_exerts_its_privilege|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Doole kabine makko cooyngal caggal nde o heɓi laamu ɗiɗaɓuru, Buhari hollitii ɓural makko e terɗe kabine ɗaɓɓooɓe batuuji walla diisnondiral ngam ardude e ɗeen ɗaɓɓaande rewrude e hooreejo gollordu walla rewrude e binndoowo laamu.&lt;ref name=&quot;vol602&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|date=30 August 2019|title=Executive exerts its privilege|url=https://www.africa-confidential.com/article-preview/id/12727/Executive_exerts_its_privilege|journal=Africa Confidential|language=en|volume=60|issue=17|access-date=23 October 2019|archive-date=3 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191003053134/https://www.africa-confidential.com/article-preview/id/12727/Executive_exerts_its_privilege|url-status=live}}{{Cite journal|date=30 August 2019|title=Executive exerts its privilege|url=https://www.africa-confidential.com/article-preview/id/12727/Executive_exerts_its_privilege|journal=Africa Confidential|language=en|volume=60|issue=17|access-date=23 October 2019|archive-date=3 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191003053134/https://www.africa-confidential.com/article-preview/id/12727/Executive_exerts_its_privilege|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Gila e Republique nayaɓere, golle jaagorɗe ina ɗaɓɓi e sariya wonde ina njogii mbaadi etno-demokaraasi fedde nde, tawa ina waɗi jaagorde lomto kala dowla fedde nde. Gagga mum ko batte miijooji politik ko huunde himmunde e toɗɗagol jaagorɗe ngam wonde ardiiɓe lanndaaji nokkuuji ɗi ngalaa jotondiral ngam heɓde golle kabine.&lt;ref name=&quot;vol603&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|date=30 August 2019|title=Executive exerts its privilege|url=https://www.africa-confidential.com/article-preview/id/12727/Executive_exerts_its_privilege|journal=Africa Confidential|language=en|volume=60|issue=17|access-date=23 October 2019|archive-date=3 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191003053134/https://www.africa-confidential.com/article-preview/id/12727/Executive_exerts_its_privilege|url-status=live}}{{Cite journal|date=30 August 2019|title=Executive exerts its privilege|url=https://www.africa-confidential.com/article-preview/id/12727/Executive_exerts_its_privilege|journal=Africa Confidential|language=en|volume=60|issue=17|access-date=23 October 2019|archive-date=3 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191003053134/https://www.africa-confidential.com/article-preview/id/12727/Executive_exerts_its_privilege|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Nominaasiyoŋ nder kabine Buhari ɗon mari bawɗe dow ɗi'i miijooji siyaasaaku e boo ɓadaaki hooreejo lesdi e kabine maako nder.&lt;ref name=&quot;vol604&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|date=30 August 2019|title=Executive exerts its privilege|url=https://www.africa-confidential.com/article-preview/id/12727/Executive_exerts_its_privilege|journal=Africa Confidential|language=en|volume=60|issue=17|access-date=23 October 2019|archive-date=3 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191003053134/https://www.africa-confidential.com/article-preview/id/12727/Executive_exerts_its_privilege|url-status=live}}{{Cite journal|date=30 August 2019|title=Executive exerts its privilege|url=https://www.africa-confidential.com/article-preview/id/12727/Executive_exerts_its_privilege|journal=Africa Confidential|language=en|volume=60|issue=17|access-date=23 October 2019|archive-date=3 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191003053134/https://www.africa-confidential.com/article-preview/id/12727/Executive_exerts_its_privilege|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

E lewru ut 2019, hooreejo leydi ndi innitiri kabine mum ko ɓuri heewde e terɗe worɓe tawi duuɓi mum en ko 60, tawi ko gollotooɓe politik walla ɓadtiiɓe hooreejo leydi ndi ɓuri heewde heen.&lt;ref name=&quot;gang&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|date=26 July 2019|title=The Gang of 43 breaks cover|url=https://www.africa-confidential.com/article/id/12703/The_Gang_of_43_breaks_cover|journal=African Confidential|language=en|volume=60|access-date=23 October 2019|archive-date=1 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191101173158/https://www.africa-confidential.com/article/id/12703/The_Gang_of_43_breaks_cover|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kabinee oo ina waɗi guwerneeruuji ɗiɗo alɗuɓe ummoriiɓe to Delta Niger, [[Timipre Sylva]] e [[Godswill Akpabio]] ɓe ngonnoo ko e fuɗɗoode lannda luulndo PDP e jaagorɗe sappo e nayo keɓtinaaɗe ɗe won heen ñaawooɓe mbiyata ko ɓe mbaɗaani golle moƴƴe walla ɓe njokkondirii e hooreejo leydi ɓennuɗo bonɗo.&lt;ref name=&quot;gang2&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|date=26 July 2019|title=The Gang of 43 breaks cover|url=https://www.africa-confidential.com/article/id/12703/The_Gang_of_43_breaks_cover|journal=African Confidential|language=en|volume=60|access-date=23 October 2019|archive-date=1 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191101173158/https://www.africa-confidential.com/article/id/12703/The_Gang_of_43_breaks_cover|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Jam baandu ===
E lewru mee 2016, Buhari woppii njillu mum balɗe ɗiɗi to [[Lagos]] ngam udditde eɓɓooji e nder diiwaan hee kono o lomtii ɗum ko cukko hooreejo leydi ndii, hono [[Yemi Osinbajo]], caggal nde o holliti &quot;ñawu noppi&quot; ngu tuumaama ko ñawu Ménière.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|last=Adetayo|first=Olalekan|date=22 May 2016|title=Buhari cancels two-day state visit to Lagos|location=[[Abuja]]|url=http://punchng.com/buhari-cancels-two-day-state-visit-lagos/|access-date=30 June 2016|archive-date=27 June 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160627153104/http://punchng.com/buhari-cancels-two-day-state-visit-lagos/|url-status=live|newspaper=[[The Punch]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ñalnde 6 [[lewru]] nduu, Buhari yahi leydi Angalteer ngam ɗaɓɓude safaara.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|last=Nwabughuiogu|first=Levinus|date=6 June 2016|title=Buhari heads to London for medical treatment|url=http://www.vanguardngr.com/2016/06/buhari-heads-london-medical-treatment/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=30 June 2016|archive-date=11 July 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160711005842/http://www.vanguardngr.com/2016/06/buhari-heads-london-medical-treatment/|url-status=live|newspaper=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|last=Ifijeh|first=Martins|date=9 June 2016|title=Nigeria: Meniere's Disease and Buhari's Health|work=[[Thisday]] Live|publisher=All Africa|url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201606090823.html|access-date=30 June 2016|archive-date=15 June 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160615002826/http://allafrica.com/stories/201606090823.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ɗum waɗi balɗe seeɗa caggal nde kaaldiiɗo hooreejo leydi ndii, hono [[Femi Adesina|Femi Adesina,]] wiyi wonde Buhari ina &quot;fotnoo fiɗtaandu&quot; e &quot;hale e ɓernde&quot;, ɗum noon ko mettere mawnde e ñiŋooje ummoraade e annduɓe politik e almudɓe mum.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=Buhari Travelled Abroad Over Poor Health – Nigerians|work=[[Naij]]|url=https://www.naij.com/388658-buhari-travelled-abroad-over-poor-health-nigerians.html|access-date=30 June 2016|archive-date=20 August 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160820114334/https://www.naij.com/388658-buhari-travelled-abroad-over-poor-health-nigerians.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|last=Rahman|first=Tunde|date=11 June 2016|title=On President Buhari's Health|url=http://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2016/06/11/on-president-buharis-health/|access-date=30 June 2016|archive-date=27 June 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160627174256/http://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2016/06/11/on-president-buharis-health/|url-status=live|newspaper=[[This Day]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|last=Kolawole|first=O'Femi|date=7 June 2016|title=President Buhari's health and Aso Rock lies|url=https://www.thecable.ng/president-buharis-health-aso-rock-lies|access-date=30 June 2016|archive-date=8 June 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160608133442/https://www.thecable.ng/president-buharis-health-aso-rock-lies|url-status=live|newspaper=[[TheCable]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; E lewru feebariyee 2017, caggal ko siforaa ko &quot;ƴeewndo safaara kuuɓtodinngo&quot; to leydi Angalteer,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Muhammadu Buhari extends medical leave in UK|url=http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2017/02/muhammadu-buhari-medical-leave-uk-170206042202525.html|access-date=6 February 2017|website=Aljazeera|archive-date=6 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170206163247/http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2017/02/muhammadu-buhari-medical-leave-uk-170206042202525.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Buhari ɗaɓɓiri parlemaa yo ɓeydu balɗe safaara mum ngam faddaade njeñtudi ƴeewndo.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Buhari fails to return – New Telegraph Nigerian Newspaper|url=https://newtelegraphonline.com/news/buhari-fails-return/|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170208041432/https://newtelegraphonline.com/news/buhari-fails-return/|archive-date=8 February 2017|access-date=7 February 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; Biro makko rokkaani heen humpitooji goɗɗi ko fayti e ngonka cellal makko, walla ñalngu ngu o foti artude.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Muhammadu Buhari extends medical leave in UK|url=http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2017/02/muhammadu-buhari-medical-leave-uk-170206042202525.html|access-date=6 February 2017|website=Aljazeera|archive-date=6 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170206163247/http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2017/02/muhammadu-buhari-medical-leave-uk-170206042202525.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ñalnde 8 [[lewru]] feebariyee, hooreejo leydi Buhari e hoore mum siifondiri ɓataake feewde e hooreejo leydi [[Naajeeriya]] ngam jeertinde ɗum ɓeydugol balɗe makko hitaande kala, o acci cukko hooreejo leydi makko e dow ballal.&lt;ref&gt;Ismail Mudashir, [https://web.archive.org/web/20170212102522/http://www.dailytrust.com.ng/news/general/i-won-t-return-until-doctors-are-satisfied-buhari/184892.html &quot;I won’t return until doctors are satisfied – Buhari&quot;] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170212102522/http://www.dailytrust.com.ng/news/general/i-won-t-return-until-doctors-are-satisfied-buhari/184892.html|date=12 February 2017}}, ''Daily Trust'', 12 February 2017.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://thenationonlineng.net/cant-return-home-now-buhari/ &quot;Why I can’t return home now, by Buhari&quot;] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170213141408/http://thenationonlineng.net/cant-return-home-now-buhari/|date=13 February 2017}}, ''The Nation''&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/223218-exclusive-i-wont-return-doctors-satisfied-buhari.html &quot;XCLUSIVE: I won’t return until doctors are satisfied — Buhari&quot;] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170213164343/http://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/223218-exclusive-i-wont-return-doctors-satisfied-buhari.html|date=13 February 2017}}, ''Premium Times'', 11 February 2017.&lt;/ref&gt; Ɓaawo o wala balɗe 51 haa laamu, Ardiido Buhari hooti lesdi [[Naajeeriya]]. O ari ko e laana ndiwoowa [[Kaduna]] subaka ñalnde 10 marse.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=adekunle|date=10 March 2017|title=Ag. President, others receive Buhari in Presidential Villa|url=http://www.vanguardngr.com/2017/03/ag-president-others-receive-buhari-in-presidential-villa/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=11 April 2017|newspaper=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]]|archive-date=10 March 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170310095225/http://www.vanguardngr.com/2017/03/ag-president-others-receive-buhari-in-presidential-villa/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Comrade|first=Ameh|date=10 March 2017|title=Buhari returns to Nigeria|url=http://dailypost.ng/2017/03/10/breaking-buhari-returns-nigeria/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=11 April 2017|newspaper=[[Daily Post (Nigeria)|Daily Post]]|archive-date=10 March 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170310084839/http://dailypost.ng/2017/03/10/breaking-buhari-returns-nigeria/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=10 March 2017|title=UPDATED: Buhari arrives Nigeria|url=http://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/225725-updated-buhari-arrives-nigeria.html|access-date=11 April 2017|newspaper=[[Premium Times]]|archive-date=10 March 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170310112107/http://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/225725-updated-buhari-arrives-nigeria.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Hay so tawii humpitooji ina pamɗi e nder dumunna mo o woni to [[Londres]], o naatnaa e fotooje ñalnde 9 marse omo hawra e diine ɓurɗo mawnude e nder dental Angalteer, hono Arɗo diineeji Canterbury biyeteeɗo [[Justin Welby]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|date=10 March 2017|title=Nigeria President Buhari: I've never been so sick|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-39228656|access-date=11 April 2017|archive-date=13 April 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180413143509/http://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-39228656|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Muhammadu Buhari returns home from London medical leave|work=Nigeria News|url=http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2017/03/muhammadu-buhari-returned-home-state-media-170310065849423.html|access-date=11 April 2017|publisher=[[Al Jazeera English|Al Jazeera]]|archive-date=10 March 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170310125927/http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2017/03/muhammadu-buhari-returned-home-state-media-170310065849423.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Cukko hooreejo leydi ndi, [[Yemi Osibanjo]], woni hooreejo leydi ndi, tawi hooreejo leydi ndi ina jokki e cellal mum to [[Abuja]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=10 March 2017|title=Breaking: Osinbajo remains Acting President, says Buhari|url=http://www.vanguardngr.com/2017/03/breaking-need-rest-says-buhari/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=11 April 2017|newspaper=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]]|archive-date=10 March 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170310112931/http://www.vanguardngr.com/2017/03/breaking-need-rest-says-buhari/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Hooreejo leydi ndii ina ŋakki e jeewte mawɗe e nder laamuuji e nder renndo, ko ina wona lebbi ɗiɗi tan caggal nde o arti e laamu ummoraade Angalteer. E nder haala cakkitiika kaa, o tawtoraaka batu Diisnondiral Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe (FEC), kewu ñalngu golloowo yuɓɓinaangu to ''Eagle Square to'' [[Abuja]] ñalnde 15 mee 2017.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=1 May 2017|title=#WhereIsBuhari: President Buhari Absent From May Day Rally|url=http://saharareporters.com/2017/05/01/whereisbuhari-president-buhari-absent-may-day-rally|location=New York City, United States|access-date=21 August 2017|newspaper=[[Sahara Reporters]]|archive-date=9 August 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170809185308/http://saharareporters.com/2017/05/01/whereisbuhari-president-buhari-absent-may-day-rally|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|last=Nathaniel|first=Soonest|date=2 May 2017|title=Panic over Buhari's health: OBJ, IBB, Abdulsalami to meet secretly in Minna|url=https://www.naij.com/1102293-panic-buharis-health-obj-ibb-abdulsalami-meet-secretly-minna.html|access-date=21 August 2017|website=naij.com|archive-date=3 August 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170803220218/https://www.naij.com/1102293-panic-buharis-health-obj-ibb-abdulsalami-meet-secretly-minna.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|date=2 May 2017|title=Falana &amp; Civil Society Leaders Urge President Buhari to take Medical Leave|url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2017/05/falana-civil-society-leaders-urge-president-buhari-to-take-medical-leave/|website=BellaNaija|access-date=2 May 2017|archive-date=2 May 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170502134625/https://www.bellanaija.com/2017/05/falana-civil-society-leaders-urge-president-buhari-to-take-medical-leave/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Miijooji ko faati e cellal hooreejo leydi ndii ina cirƴa e nder renndo ngo e nder balɗe garooje caggal nde hooreejo leydi ndii Buhari yiɗi &quot;gollaade e galle&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|date=26 April 2017|title=Buhari To Work From Home Today • Channels Television|url=https://www.channelstv.com/2017/04/26/buhari-to-work-from-home-today/|access-date=21 August 2017|website=channelstv.com|archive-date=12 August 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170812133228/http://www.channelstv.com/2017/04/26/buhari-to-work-from-home-today/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Woɓɓe nder yimɓe mawɓe lesdi [[Naajeeriya]] ɗon ƴama hooreejo lesdi man ngam o hoosa balɗe juutɗe ngam nyawdugo,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|date=2 May 2017|title=Nigeria's President Buhari urged to take medical leave|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-39778012|access-date=21 August 2017|archive-date=3 August 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170803215010/http://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-39778012|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=1 May 2017|title=Buhari's health needs urgent medical attention – Falana|url=http://dailypost.ng/2017/05/01/buharis-health-needs-urgent-medical-attention-falana/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=21 August 2017|newspaper=[[Daily Post (Nigeria)|Daily Post]]|archive-date=3 August 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170803212523/http://dailypost.ng/2017/05/01/buharis-health-needs-urgent-medical-attention-falana/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; ɓe ɗon holla o ɗon mari bawɗe waɗugo limngal yimɓe nder asaweeje ɗiɗi.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|date=2 May 2017|title=Muhammadu Buhari: Nigeria&quot;s President urged to take medical leave|url=http://pulse.ng/local/muhammadu-buhari-nigerias-president-urged-to-take-medical-leave-id6612668.html|access-date=21 August 2017|website=pulse.ng|archive-date=29 August 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170829010945/http://www.pulse.ng/local/muhammadu-buhari-nigerias-president-urged-to-take-medical-leave-id6612668.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|last=Bolashodun|first=Oluwatobi|date=28 April 2017|title=BREAKING: President Buhari absent at Friday Juma'at prayer in Aso Villa|url=https://www.naij.com/1101886-breaking-president-buhari-absent-juma-prayer-aso-villa.html|access-date=21 August 2017|website=naij.com|archive-date=3 August 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170803222157/https://www.naij.com/1101886-breaking-president-buhari-absent-juma-prayer-aso-villa.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Hooreejo leydi Buhari kadi ummii leydi [[Naajeeriya]] ngam ƴeewde cellal mum to [[London]] ñalnde 7 [[lewru]] Mbooy hitaande 2017.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|date=8 May 2017|title=Again, Buhari travels to UK for check-up, hands over to Osinbajo|url=http://www.vanguardngr.com/2017/03/buharill-still-travel-london-medicals-presidency/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=10 May 2017|archive-date=12 May 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170512002747/http://www.vanguardngr.com/2017/03/buharill-still-travel-london-medicals-presidency/|url-status=live|newspaper=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Hooreejo leydi Buhari warti lesdi [[Naajeeriya]] diga siwtaare maako haa lesdi Biritaniya balɗe 104 ɓaawo o dilli, nyande 19 lewru Ogost 2017.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Buhari returns after lengthy UK medical treatment|url=http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2017/08/nigeria-buhari-return-lengthy-uk-treatment-170819134302820.html|access-date=21 August 2017|website=www.aljazeera.com|archive-date=20 August 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170820230206/http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2017/08/nigeria-buhari-return-lengthy-uk-treatment-170819134302820.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|last1=Adeshida|first1=Abayomi|last2=Agbakwuru|first2=Johnbosco|last3=Nwabughiogu|first3=Levinus|last4=Ajayi|first4=Omeiza|title=After 104 days on medical vacation…Finally, Buhari returns|newspaper=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]]|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2017/08/104-days-medical-vacation-finally-buhari-returns/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=31 August 2017|archive-date=31 August 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170831215926/https://www.vanguardngr.com/2017/08/104-days-medical-vacation-finally-buhari-returns/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ñalnde 8 [[lewru]] nduu, Buhari ummiima leydi [[Naajeeriya]] fayde [[London]] ngam ƴeewndaade cellal mum, nde o arti e USA ; e o arti ñalnde alet 11 [[lewru]] mbooy hitaande 2018.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=Buhari returns from UK medical trip|url=http://www.punchng.com/buhari-returns-from-uk-medical-trip/|access-date=12 May 2018|archive-date=11 May 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180511232111/http://www.punchng.com/buhari-returns-from-uk-medical-trip/|url-status=live|newspaper=[[The Punch]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Faggudu ===
Buhari wonnoo ko suɓngo welngo wonande Naajeeriyankooɓe heewɓe sabu jikku mo o yi’ata mo bonnataa.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|last1=Obadare|first1=Ebenezer|journal=Current History|date=May 2017|volume=116|issue=790|url=http://www.currenthistory.com/Article.php?ID=1414|title=Perspective: A Nigerian President's Disappointing Return|doi=10.1525/curh.2017.116.790.194|archive-date=14 February 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180214142500/http://www.currenthistory.com/Article.php?ID=1414}}&lt;/ref&gt; Nde Buhari heɓi laamu, mo meeɗiino mooftude ballal mum e wooteeji tati ɓennuɗi ɗii, o leeltinii hollirde anniya makko ngam safrude caɗeele ɗe o haali e nder kampaañ makko. Pellital fuɗɗoraade ajendaaji makko politik nder leydi hono innde ardiiɓe kabine ƴetti lebbi jeegom,&lt;ref name=&quot;:02&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|last1=Obadare|first1=Ebenezer|journal=Current History|date=May 2017|volume=116|issue=790|url=http://www.currenthistory.com/Article.php?ID=1414|title=Perspective: A Nigerian President's Disappointing Return|doi=10.1525/curh.2017.116.790.194|archive-date=14 February 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180214142500/http://www.currenthistory.com/Article.php?ID=1414}}&lt;/ref&gt; tawi noon ƴettugol bidsee 2016 e 2017 ina leeltini sabu hareeji nder leydi.

E hitaande arandeere nde Buhari ardi, [[Naajeeriya]] heɓi ustaare coggu ngu, ɗum waɗi ustaare faggudu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=31 March 2011|title=Muhammadu Buhari, Nigeria's 'new broom' president in profile|language=en-GB|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-12890807|access-date=13 December 2022|archive-date=30 August 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120830020742/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-12890807|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ngam heɓugo ceede ngam ustugo soynde ceede ngam heɓugo ceede ngam ɓesdugo budget kapitaal, Buhari yahi haa lesɗe 20 ngam ɗaɓɓitugo ceede.[15 Ndeen noon, dokkal bidsee yaajde ngam wallitde gollorɗe ɗee, artiraa e ñalngu goɗɗo.[155]

E hitaande adannde laamu nguu, Naira, kaalis leydi Najeriya, ustii e nder luumo ɓaleejo, ɗum addani luural hakkunde njulaagu laamu nguu e njulaagu ɓaleejo.[156] Ko ɗum waɗi ŋakkeende kaalis leydi ndii, yanii e njulaagu keewngu haa arti noon e yeeyooɓe petroŋ. Kono noon, luural hakkunde tolnooji laamu e tolnooji luumo ɓaleejo udditii fartaŋŋe wonande yimɓe jokkondirɓe no feewi ngam waɗde arbitraas, waɗde ko ina ƴattoo natal hooreejo leydi ndii ngam haɓaade fenaande.[157] E lewru mee 2016, laamu nguu hollitii ɓeydagol coggu pompe petroŋ laawɗuɗo ngam ustude ŋakkeende kaalis sabu ŋakkeende kaalis caggal leydi.[158]

E hitaande 2016, faggudu leydi ndii ustiima fotde 1,6% e hitaande 2017, ɓeydagol faggudu leydi ndii ina ɗaminaa maa won ko famɗi. Laamu Buhari gadano e laamu nguu hawri ko e ustaare coggu petroŋ nannduɗo e laamu makko ɗiɗaɓuru kono laamu makko hollirtaa darnde tiiɗnde ngam feewnude jolɗe laamu.[157] Bidjet 2018 hollitii politik fiskaal yaajɗo e kaalis baɗaaɗo e eɓɓooji njuɓɓudi ko wayi no laabi strateeji, ponte e jolngooji.[159]

Gila ɓeydagol faggudu ummoraade e ustaare 2016, ƴellitaare leelnde ina addana leydi ndii caggal hoɗdiiɓe mum heewɓe e duunde he e ɓeydagol PIB. Toɓɓe ŋakkeende golle ina keddii e toowde e kala golle ngam ɓeydude ngalu ngu wonaa petroŋ moƴƴaani tawa ngalu laamu nguu ina waɗi heen geɗal mawngal e bidsee mum hitaande kala ko yowitii e ñamaale sarwisaaji.[160]

Buhari e ballal hooreejo Banki Cakaari fuɗɗi dabareeji ngam ɓesdugo kuuɗe ndemri bee nanta lobbingo bankiiji feere-feere ngam hokkugo ceede ko hewti ceede lesdi ndi'i e limngal laamu ngam nastinugo kuuje nyamdu ɗe ndema nder lesdi ndi'i. E manndaa makko ɗiɗaɓo, jaagorde bidsee, Udo Udoma e jaagorgal njulaagu, Enemalah, kamɓe ɗiɗo fof ɓe njiɗi ko rimɗinde, ɓe ngartiraaka.[120]

Laamu nguu jokki e golloraade mbayliigu nguu e nder manndaa ɗiɗaɓo laamu nguu hay so tawii noon ko ƴaañooɓe ɓee mbiyata ko mbayliigu nguu ina waawi waɗde ko ina wona arbitrage abuses e round-tripping e juuɗe cronies laamu nguu.[160]

=== Wellitaare renndo ===
E hitaande 2016, Buhari udditi porogaram ngenndiijo ngam wallitde renndo, porogaraam ngenndiijo ngam wellitaare renndo.[161] Porogaram oo sosaa ko ngam waawde feccude jawdi ndii e nder renndo ngo, tawa ina jeyaa heen sukaaɓe, sukaaɓe, e rewɓe. Wonno ko porogaraamuuji nay baɗɗi faayiida ngam haɓaade baasal, ŋakkeende golle e wallitde ɓeydude ƴellitaare faggudu:[162]

Taskaram N-Power hokki sukaaɓe Naajeeriya'en janngirde kuuɗe e janngirde, nden boo hokki ɓe ceede lewru fuu ko yotti 30,000 Naira Naajeeriya (83.33 Dollars Amerika).

Npower ko taskaramji limngal rento ɗi hooreejo lesdi Muhammadu Buhari fuɗɗi nyande 8 lewru Juko hitaande 2016 ngam ɓesdugo kuuɗe sukaaɓe. Eɓɓaande ndee sosaa ko e mbaadi kuuɓtodinndi e porogaraam ngenndiijo (Investissement Social Social) ngam ustude heblo keɓgol karallaagal e mahngo mbaawkaaji e nder naftortooɓe.

Porogaraam (Conditional Cash Transfer Program) (CCTP) ina wallita no feewi e ɓurɓe waasde, e rokkude kaalis wonande ɓeen wonɓe e fedde ɓurnde famɗude ngalu, wallitde ustude baasal, moƴƴinde nguura e jogaade hoore mum, e wallitde ƴellitaare e ɓeydude ñaamde.[163]

Porogaraam gollordu e doole laamu (GEEP) ko porogaram gollordu njulaagu (micro-lending) jowitiingu e remooɓe, yeeyooɓe tokosɓe e rewɓe luumooji tawa ina njogii fotde. Ndee ɗoo taskaram hokki nyamaande nde walaa ceede ngam heɓugo nafuuda, walliti ngam ustugo ceede fuɗɗam kuuɗe filu nder lesdi Naajeeriya. Porogaraamuuji ɗii ko : Moni njulaagu, Moni luumo e Moni remoowo.

Porogaraam ngenndiijo ñamri duɗe (NHGSF) etinooma ɓeydude binnditagol duɗe ɗee e rokkude sukaaɓe duɗe ɗee ñaamdu tawa ko e njoɓdi, haa teeŋti noon e wonɓe e diiwanuuji baasal e ɗi ngalaa nguura. Porogaraam oo golliima e remooɓe nokkuuji ɗii, fawaade e semmbinde rewɓe e nder coodguuli, mahde renndo ngoo e jokkude ƴellitaare faggudu gila e ndema haa e taabal.

Ko adii fof, porogaraam oo ina yuɓɓinee gila e biro cukko hooreejo leydi ndii, hono Yemi Osinbajo, haa hitaande 2019, nde porogaraam oo artiraa e ministeer keso oo, ko feewti e neɗɗankaagal, njuɓɓudi musiiba e ƴellitaare renndo, e gardagol Sadiya Umar Farouq. E nder konngol makko ñalnde jeytaare leydi ndii e hitaande 2019, hooreejo leydi ndii hollitii wonde dille ɗee ina poti waɗde porogaraamuuji ɗii e nder juɓɓule.[164]

=== Haɓde e fenaande ===
Winndannde mawnde: Hare Buhari ngam haɓaade fenaande

Nafoore balmi nde 2 miliyaar dolaar feeñninaama ɓaawo ciimtol cakkitiingol goomu wiɗitaaki Buhari dow sooduki balmi les laamu Goodluck Jonathan. Ciimtol goomu nguu hollitii njoɓdi ɓeydaandi e bidsee ko ina tolnoo e miliyaaruuji N643,8 e ɓeydagol njoɓdi fotde miliyaaruuji 2,2 dolaar e nder feccere kaalis leydi ngoɗndi e les njiimaandi Goodluck Jonathan. Wiɗtooji gadani kollitii wonde fotde miliyaaruuji ɗiɗi dolaar ina waawi yoɓeede ngam soodde kaɓirɗe ngam haɓaade fedde Boko Haram to leydi Najeriya. Ciimtol wiɗto ngol hollitii wonde fotde miliyaaruuji 2,2 dolaar ina yoɓaa e biro jaagorgal ko feewti e kisal ngenndiwal e nder soodgol kaɓirɗe ngam haɓaade njiyaagu, kono ɗum yoɓaaka e faandaare nde kaalis oo yoɓaa. Wiɗtooji dow ngal nanondiral ngal rewaani laawol, waɗii nannguki Sambo Dasuki, gonnooɗo jaagorgal ko feewti e kisal leydi ndii, caggal ɗuum o siftini yimɓe mawɓe Naajeeriya wonɓe e nanondiral ngal. Ɓeen limtaaɓe e nanngaaɓe ina jeyaa heen Raymond Dokpesi, hooreejo fedde DAAR Communications Plc, Attahiru Bafarawa, gonnooɗo guwerneer diiwaan Sokoto, e Bashir Yuguda, gonnooɗo jaagorgal leydi ndii, hono Alex, Azubuike Ihejirika, hooreejo konu Air Chief Nunasude, Attahiru the Nunasude Badeh e politikaaji keewɗi goɗɗi cifaama.[165]

Ñalnde 21 lewru Duujal hitaande 2016, ministeer kaalis laamu nguu hollitii wonde ina jogori waɗde politik njulaagu nguu, tawi njoɓdi mum ko 2,5%–5%.[166] Faandaare ndee wonnoo ko heɓde humpitooji walla humpitooji jowitiiɗi e : ŋakkeende kuule kaalis, ŋakkeende njuɓɓudi kaalis e jawdi laamu, ŋakkeende kaalis, fenaande, e gujjugol.[167]

E lewru suwee 2016, hooreejo leydi Buhari naati e ƴattooje mawɗe caggal nde ciimtol jaaynde tawi omo huutoroo konngol ngol o huutorii ngol, e nder udditgol kampaañ ngam ƴellitde ngenndi ndii, tawi ina wiyee « Waylo fuɗɗotoo ko e am ». Haala kaa caggal mum tawaama ina ittaa e haala gonnooɗo hooreejo leydi Amerik e hitaande 2009, hono Barak Obama.[168][169] Hooreejo leydi ndi caggal mum yaafnii, o wiyi wonde fenaande ndee ko &quot;gollotooɓe ɓurɓe yaawde&quot; ngaddi ɗum, &quot;ɓeen waɗɓe heen ɓee&quot; maa ñaawee.[170][171] Kono, yontere wootere caggal ɗuum, cukko hooreejo e nder suudu sarɗiiji jokkondirɗo e haala kaa, artiraa e golle mum, hooreejo leydi ndi hollitii wonde o ƴettii peeje ngam haɗde ɗum waɗde ko wayi nii, e huutoraade kuutorɗe dijital ngam yiytude fenaande.[172]

E lewru mee 2018, Komitiiru Faggudu e Kaalis (EFCC), fedde haɓantoonde njulaagu e nder leydi Najeriya, hollitii wonde 603 neɗɗo Naajeeriya ñaawaama sabu njulaagu gila Buhari heɓi laamu e hitaande 2015.[173] EFCC anndini kadi ko adii fof e nder daartol leydi Naajeeriya, ñaawooɓe e mawɓe konu ina heen mawɓe sarwisaaji retireede ina ñaawee sabu fenaande.[173] Ñaawooje ɗe keɓii nafoore kadi ko hooreejo EFCC mo Buhari, hono Ibrahim Magu.[173] E laamu Buhari, hooreejo kiitaaji lesdi Naajeeriya Walter Onnoghen, kiitaama haa kiitaaji lesdi Naajeeriya nyande 18 lewru Abriil 2019, ngam bayyinki jawdi fenaande.[174] E lewru Duujal hitaande 2019, Mohammed Bello Adoke, gonnooɗo Jaagorgal Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe, artiraa leydi Najeriya ngam ñaaweede sabu tuumeede fenaande.[175] Kono e lewru Yarkomaa 2020, fedde wiyeteende Transparency International ina rokka leydi Najeriya haa jooni golle seeɗa e nder limto mum ko fayti e njulaagu.[176][177]

E lewru Siilo hitaande 2020, Ibrahim Magu hooreejo EFCC nanngaama e juuɗe Departemaa Kuuɓal Dowla (DSS) ngam bonnude ciimtol kisal ko faati e golle makko no laamu Buhari ardii haɓaade fenaande e tuumeede ŋakkeende ngalu. Caggal ɗuum lomtii mo ko Mohammed Umar. E lewru Duujal 2020, Gonnooɗo hooreejo fedde toppitiinde ko fayti e pension, Abdulrasheed Maina, nanngaaɗo to leydi Nijeer koɗdiindi caggal nde o diwi kaalis, o feeñii e ñaawirde Abuja ngam tuumaade ko 12 fenaande e fenaande kaalis.[182] Ali Ndume, senateer lomtotooɗo Borno Sud, nanngaama caggal nde o diwi kaalis kadi.[183]

=== Geɗe kisal ===

=== Delta Niiseer ===
Naajeeriya woni leydi ɗiɗaɓiri ɓurndi heewde petroŋ e nder [[Afrik]], petroŋ oo ɓuri heewde ko e diiwaan Nijeer Delta e nder leydi ndii. Duuɓi peewnugol nebam ina njogii batte bonɗe e ndema e liɗɗi rewrude e ɓuuɓri nebam.[184] Laamu nguu fuɗɗiima eɓɓoore ngam wallitde laɓɓinde Ogoniland tawi guwerneeruuji goɗɗi e nder diiwaan hee ina njiɗi setup nannduɗo e oo. HYPREP fuɗɗii ko e hitaande 2005 kono ina leeli fuɗɗaade golle moƴƴitingol to Ogoniland.[184]

Ɗum fof e wayde noon, ina woodi haa jooni njanguuji taƴondirɗi e nokkuuji petroŋ ɗi pelle bayɗe no Niger Delta Avengers mbaɗata. Ɗum battinii no feewi e peewnugol petroŋ addani taƴgol njeeyguuji e ngalu laamu.[185] Avengers ina mbaɗa hare ngam ɓeydaade heɓde ndimaagu faggudu e politik.[186]

=== Juulɓe Shi’a en ===
Movement islamique lesdi Naajeeriya mo Sheek Ibraahiima Zakzaky ardii, woni gooto nder hukuumaaji lesdi ndi'i ɗi julɓe Shi'a'en ardii. Yimɓe julɓe Naajeeriya ɓuri ɗuuɗugo ko Sunni'en ammaa Shia'en ɗon mari ɗuuɗal nder yimɓe ɗuuɗɓe.[187] Caggal nde dillere nde tuumaama warde hooreejo konu Tukur Buratai e lewru Duujal 2015, base Zakzaky yani e bommbooji, waɗi teemedde maayɓe tawi Zakzaky nanngaama.[187] Zakzaky nanngaama fotde duuɓi jeegom, so wonaa e yahdu safaara balɗe tati to leydi Indiya, haa o woppitaa, o woppitaa e lewru sulyee 2021.[188]

=== Seernooɓe Biafra ===
Ƴeew kadi: Ngenndiyaŋkaagal Igbo, Biafra, e fitinaaji e nder Fuɗnaange-rewo leydi Najeriya

Fedde seerndiinde, Yimɓe Ɓiɓɓe leydi Biafra e ardorde Nnamdi Kanu wonti fedde mawnde e hitaande 2015 ngam wallitde jeytaare ngam leñol Biafra ceertungol.[187] Republique Biafra mo seerti e mum sosaa ko juuti e nder wolde hakkunde leyɗeele Najeriya. E lewru Oktoobar 2015, Kanu nanngaa ngam tuumeede janfa, nanngugol makko rewi heen ko seppooji ngam salaade nanngugol makko e nder diiwanuuji keewɗi to Fuɗnaange-rewo.[187] Kanu ɓaawo man diwi bail, o doggi haa lesdi feere ngam wallugo ardungal fitinaaji lesɗi haa Fombina-Fuunaange lesdi Naajeeriya ko adi o nannga Interpol, o wartira lesdi Naajeeriya.[189] Buhari yamiri warngo terɗe IPOB ɗe ngalaa kaɓirɗe[190]

=== Bokko haram ===
Binndanɗe mawɗe: Bokko Haram e fitinaaji Bokko Haram

Gila 2015, hare luulndiinde tuugnorgal ƴettii mbaadi kesiri. E nder heen pelle ɗee peccii e fedde Boko Haram aadaaji nde Abubakar Shekau ardii e Dowla Islaamiyankeejo e nder diiwaan Afrik hirnaange mo Abu Musab al-Barnawi ardii.[191] Pelle goɗɗe ɗe Al Kaydaa walli e nder Magreb lislaam ko wayi no Ansaru, ɗe riiwaa e Mali sabu Operation Serval mo Farayse ardii, peeñii, ngollodii e Boko Haram hay so tawii ko kamɓe ngoni luulndiiɓe ɗum.[192] Ɗuum ɓuri wonde ko e haajuuji, sibu pelle ɗiɗi ɗee mbaawaano riisde leefɗinde koye mum en e haɓde hakkunde mum en.[193] E lewru feebariyee 2020, ko ina tolnoo e teemedde ɗiɗi e capanɗe joyi tergal Ansaru mbaraama e nder njillu polis to Birnin Gwari.[194]

E lewru Oktoobar 2016, laamu nguu haaldii e fedde ownooɓe wiyeteende Boko Haram, nde heɓi yoɓde sukaaɓe rewɓe 21 Chibok.[195] Haa lewru Duujal 2016, laamu nguu heɓti ko heewi e leyɗeele ɗe Boko Haram joginoo ko adii ɗuum, caggal nde ɓe keɓi ladde Sambisa, Buhari hollitii wonde Boko Haram foolii e karallaagal. Fitinaaji ɗii ngummii fotde miliyoŋaaji ɗiɗi neɗɗo e nder galleeji mum en e heɓtude gure ɗee hannde ina addana en caɗeele neɗɗankaagal to bannge cellal, jaŋde e ñamri.[196] Ñalnde 6 lewru Mbooy hitaande 2017, laamu Buhari heɓi kadi yoɓde 82 e nder 276 sukaaɓe rewɓe nanngaaɓe e hitaande 2014, ngam waylude ardiiɓe Boko Haram joy.[197] Ñalnde 7 lewru Mbooy hitaande 2017, hooreejo leydi Buhari hawri e sukaaɓe rewɓe Chibok 82 woppitaaɓe, hade mum yahde London, leydi Angalteer, ngam safrude ñawu ngu o anndaaka.[198]

Shekau wari hoore mum caggal nde fedde makko taarnaa e luulndiiɓe ISWAP e lewru mee 2021. E nder lebbi garooji ɗii, teemedde teemedde ownooɓe &quot;tuubuɓe&quot; ndokki hoore mum en e laamu nguu, heewɓe e maɓɓe ina mbiya ko lolluɓe e Shekau.[199]

=== Fitinaaji duroowo–demoowo ===
Winndannde mawnde: Feere hakkunde durooɓe e remooɓe e nder leydi Najeriya

Ƴeew kadi: Feereeji renndo e nder leydi Najeriya e warngooji keewɗi e nder Fombina Kaduna

Diiwaan Middle Belt leydi Naajeeriya ina wondi e caɗeele hakkunde remooɓe e durooɓe jawdi, pelle ɗiɗi ina njiɗi heɓde leydi ndema ngam remde walla remde e heɓde ndiyam.[187] Tiiɗnaare e siyaasaaku fitinaaji dow senndindirki leƴƴi e diinaaji ɓeydii wakkati laamu Buhari nde wakkati fitinaaji ɗon ɗon ɗon ɗon nder nokkuuje feere feere nder Fombina Naajeeriya.[187] Fotde 300 siwil en mbaraama e nder wuro wonngo e nder diiwaan Benue, Middle-Belt leydi ndi e fotde 40 siwil en mbaraama to Enugu to Fuɗnaange-rewo leydi Najeriya.[187] Fitinaaji ɗii njibinii ko ina tolnoo e 250 000 wuro[200] egguɓe e gure ɗe peewnaaka no feewi ngam haɓaade naatgol egguɓe. Feere hakkunde remooɓe ɓe ko ɓuri heewde e maɓɓe ko Kerecee’en e durooɓe ɓe ɓuri heewde ko juulɓe, waɗii jokkere enɗam hakkunde diineeji ɗi, ɗum wallitaani nde hooreejo leydi ndii neldi konu ngam ittude militeeruuji leƴƴi Kerecee’en, tawi noon ñaawooɓe ɓee ina mbaɗa tuumeede jaabawol makko ɓuuɓngol feewde e durooɓe jawdi jogiiɓe kaɓirɗe.[200]

Tiɗnaare njuɓɓudi ndii ngam safrude luural ngal addani ɗum waɗde feere ngam waylude jawdi ngam ƴellitde jawdi e deeƴnude diiwaan Middle Belt.[200] E hitaande 2017, RUGA, ko firo Rural Grazing Area kono kadi ko konngol firti koɗki e ɗemngal Fulani, ko feere ƴettaande ummoraade e miijooji peeje waylo-waylo.[200] RUGA ina foti seerndude nokkuuji durngooji ngam durooɓe nde ɓe ngummotoo fuɗnaange ; kono dowlaaji Fuɗnaange keewɗi njaɓaani kala keɓgol leydi tawa ko e dow yamiroore RUGA, peeje ɗee dartinaama.[200]

=== Banndiraaɓe to Fuɗnaange Naajeeriya ===
Ƴeew kadi: Hare bandiiji Nijeer

Gila hitaande 2015, laamu Buhari heɓi caɗeele e ɓeydagol golle jowitiiɗe e bandiiji e nder Fuɗnaange Naajeeriya.[201] Laawol mawngol Abuja-Kaduna inniraama &quot;laawol mawngol kidnagol&quot;, sabu bonanndeeji keewɗi ɗi bandiiji mbaɗata.[202] E lewru feebariyee 2020, fedde mawɓe woylaare, fedde renndo-politik, wiyi wonde laamu nguu ina ŋakkiraa Naajeeriyankooɓe to bannge kisal.[203]

Haa lewru juko 2021, fotde 45 neɗɗo e ñalawma gooto ina nanngee, ko ɓuri heewde e maɓɓe ko bandiiji ngam yoɓde njoɓdi.[204] Banndiraaɓe woɗɓe ina njokki e wujjude jawdi, gelooɗi, e jawdi goɗɗi, won heen pelle njani e gure fof e nokkuuji ɓurɗi yaajde. Banndiraaɓe ɓee ngaddi kulol gollondiral hakkunde banndiraaɓe e ownooɓe Fuɗnaange-rewo e ɗeen kulol tabitinaama e lewru ut 2021 nde sarwiis immigration leydi Najeriya holliti wonde pelle mawɗe bandiraaɓe Zamfara ina njaha to diiwaan Borno ngam janngude e Boko Haram.[205]

=== Geɗe ngenndiije ===

== Politik Ruga ==
Winndannde mawnde: Politik Ruga

Laamu Buhari nastini politik Ruga (politik koɗki aadee) luulndiingo, fawaade e safrude luural hakkunde durooɓe Fulɓe hoɗɓe e remooɓe jooɗiiɓe. Politik oo, mo jooni dartinaama, maa &quot;softu renndooji reserved ɗo durooɓe nguurdata, ndema, ndema jawdi mum en, mbaɗa kosam e waɗde golle goɗɗe jowitiiɗe e njulaagu jawdi tawa ɓe ngonaa e yahrude yeeso ngam yiylaade nokkuuji ɗo na’i maɓɓe nguurata.&quot;[206]

=== Ina wiyee ko militeeruuji ===
Buhari fotti bee ƴamol ɗuuɗngol nder laamu. E hitaande 2019 laamu makko naati e ñiŋooje mawɗe sabu ko o waɗiri[207] Sowore, daraniiɗo renndo Amerik, e nder ñaawoore makko, hay so tawii ñaawirdu nduu rokkii mo kaalis.[208] Ndee ɗoo feere noon ɓuri ñiŋeede, ko kanko Sowore o wiyi wonde Buhari bonnii nokku makko civic.[209] E lewru Duujal 2019, jaaynde Naajeeriya wiyeteende Punch hollitii wonde gila jooni ɓe mbiyata laamu Buhari ko &quot;laamu&quot;[210], caggal ɗuum ɓe mbiyata ɗum ko &quot;Seneraal Buhari&quot;[210] sabu laamu makko nannduɗo e konu nguu ina woɗɗi demokaraasi. Ɓe cemmbini wonde ko o ‘diktatoor militeer’,[211] ko ɗum huunde nde jaɓɓaama no feewi e nder laylayti renndo.[212]

=== Ñawu COVID-19 ===
Winndannde mawnde: Ñawu COVID-19 e nder leydi Nijeer

Ƴeew kadi: Jaabawol laamu Najeriya e ñawu COVID-19

Caggal nde rafi COVID-19 fuɗɗii e nder leydi Najeriya, Buhari sosi fedde toppitiinde ko fayti e rafi o e nder leydi ndi.[213] Ñalnde 23 lewru marse, mawɗo gollordu Buhari, Abba Kyari, ƴeewtaama ina wonndi e rafi COVID-19, ɗum addani yimɓe hulde wonde Buhari ina waawi heɓde rafi o, caggal ɗuum hollitaama wonde Buhari ina wondi e rafi o.[214] Ñalnde 30 lewru mars, Buhari anndinii udditgol wurooji mawɗi Abuja, Lagos e Ogun fotde jonte ɗiɗi.[215]

Ñalnde 14 oktoobar, goomu hooreejo leydi ndii e COVID-19 jeertinii wonde ina waawi arde e mbaydi ɗiɗmiri &quot;so tawii kuule e porotokolle ɗee ɗooftaaka no feewi&quot;.[216]

=== Joofnude seppooji SARS ===
Winndannde mawnde: Jokkude SARS

E lewru Oktoobar 2020, seppooji ngam haɓaade polis'en tuumaɓe waɗde bonanndeeji polis'en keertiiɗi e polis Naajeeriya, polis'en keertiiɗi haɓaade wuyɓe (SARS) puɗɗiima to Lagos e gure mawɗe goɗɗe. Diɗɗal End SARS ngal alaa ardorde cakkitiinde ko ɓuri kawral tokosal yuɓɓinngal seppooji gadani ɗii, ina nanndi e diɗɗal Occupy Nigeria ngal 2012.[217]

Ñalnde 12 lewru nduu, ñalawma gooto caggal nde seppooɓe ɓee kolliti ɗaɓɓaande mum en, Buhari hollitii fusde SARS, fodani ɗum &quot;mbayliigu polis yaajngu&quot;.[218] Gila nde leydi Naajeeriya heɓi ndimu mum e hitaande 1960, Polis leydi Naajeeriya woni ko e yeeso ngam haɓaade bonanndeeji yuɓɓinaaɗi e nder leydi Naajeeriya e nder balɗe cakkitiiɗe ɗee, ko wayi no bandiiji, kulhuli, njulaagu dorog, fenaande e njulaagu nguu ina toɗɗii no feewi mbaawkaaji gollooɓe mum,[219] ina ɗaccita nokku ɗo terɗe SARS mbaɗata extrajudi ki02.

Ñalnde 13 lewru nduu, Mohammed Adamu, gardiiɗo polis, habri sosde fedde hesere wiyeteende kaɓirɗe e taktikuuji keertiiɗi (SWAT) ngam ƴettude golle SARS.[221] Ndee feere weltinaani ko ɓuri heewde e seppooɓe ɓee, ɓe cikkatnoo ko waylude no feewi njuɓɓudi polis.[222] Ñalnde 14 lewru nduu, seppooji ɗii njokki, ko famɗi fof sappo e seppooɓe mbaraama, e hareeji bonɗi mbaɗi hakkunde seppooɓe yiɗɓe SARS e seppooɓe yiɗɓe SARS e Brigade Garde Presidentielle elite naati e nder laamorgo fedde ndee.[223]

Ñalnde 12 lewru nduu hitaande 2021, Buhari yamiri yo terɗe polis Naajeeriya e konu Naajeeriya, ngam haɗde seppooji baɗaaɗi ngam haɓaade laamu. Laamu nguu wiyi ko ngam haɗde ŋakkeende sariya e deeƴre wonnde e seppooji EndSARS lewru Oktoobar 2020.[224]

=== Haɗeede Twitter ===
Caggal nde Buhari waɗi winndannde e Twitter ina hulɓina fitinaaji dow yimɓe Biafra to fombina-fuɗnaange leydi Naajeeriya ñalnde 5 lewru nduu hitaande 2021, Twitter momti haala makko ka, sibu ko kañum bonnata sarɗiiji golle mum. Caggal ɗuum seeɗa, laamu leydi Najeriya haɗi Twitter yaltude leydi ndii fof.[225] Ɓe itti haɗugo man nyande 13 lewru Yarkomaa 2022, ɓaawo ɓe mbi'i Twitter jaɓi winnditugo kuuɗe maako haa lesdi Naajeeriya e yoɓugo ceede.[226]

=== Politik caggal leydi ===
Ƴeew kadi: Doggol ɗanle hooreejo leydi hakkunde leyɗeele ɗe Muhammadu Buhari waɗi

Buhari siftinii ƴamol konu Myanmar e polis'en dow juulɓe Rohingya'en dow laɓɓinki lenyol, nden o jeertini dow musiiba bana warhoore Ruwannda.[227]

E nder njillu makko to Almaañ, e darnde makko e sara hooreejo leydi Almaañ, hono Angela Merkel,[228] Buhari wiyi kadi &quot;mi anndaa hol lannda debbo am jeyaa, kono o jeyaa ko e cuuɗi am e suudu am e suudu woɗndu nduu&quot; [229] caggal nde debbo makko adii wasiyaade mo yo o ɓeydu ardorde makko[22].

Buhari woni hooreejo leydi gadano noddirde nanondiral winnderewal ngam haɗde fitinaaji rewɓe e sukaaɓe rewɓe.[230]

== Caggal laamu (2023-2025) ==
Buhari hokki laamu bee jam haa lomto maako [[Bola Tinubu]] nyande 29 lewru Mayru 2023, wakkati 10 subaka (WAT) haa juulde udditgol laamu haa Eagle Square, lesdi laamorde lesdi ndi'i. O ummi jooɗorde laamu haa Abuja law ɓaawo juulde hokkugo laamu e nder aadaaji ardiiɓe lesɗe e hooreeɓe lesdi ɓennuɗi o warti haa lesdi maako Katsina to o jaɓɓaama bee mawɓe lesdi e aadaaji ko adii o ɗon no hokka joonde maako haa ngesa maako e jooɗorde saare maako haa Daura.[231]

E nder ko yiytaa e nder ñaawoore nde ɓe mbaɗi e dow gonnooɗo guwerneer Banki Naajeeriya, Godwin Emefiele, Boss Mustapha, mawɗo jaagorɗe laamu Buhari, seedtii wonde tato tuumaaɓe ina tuuma wujjude miliyoŋaaji 6,2 dolaar (£4,9 miliyoŋ) e banke mawɗo leydi Naajeeriya, e huutoraade signature of32d Buhari.

=== Wade ===
E nder yontereeji ko adii maayde makko, Buhari, mo ɓurnoo heewde ko ruttaade e nguurndam renndo caggal nde o yalti e laamu e hitaande 2023, yahiino to London ngam safrude. O woni ko e toppitaade to opitaal leydi Angalteer sabu ko siforaa ko rafi juutɗo. E nder laamu makko, o ƴettiino leppi safaara keewɗi juutɗi to London, ɗum jibini ñiŋooje nder leydi e kulhuli ko fayti e laaɓal.[233]

Buhari maayi ko e nder suudu safrirdu to Londres ko ina wona waktu 16ɓo e feccere kikiiɗe (15w30h UTC),[234] ñalnde 13 lewru juko hitaande 2025.[235] O waɗi duuɓi 82. Ñalnde 14 lewru juko, cukko hooreejo leydi ndii, hono Kashim Shettima, arii London ngam hawritde e debbo Buhari e sukaaɓe mum, tawi omo ardii delegaasiyoŋ ardiiɓe leydi Najeriya, ɓe ndaranii wartirde heddiiɓe makko to leydi Najeriya.[238][239] Ubbirde ndee leeltinii ñalnde wootere caggal nde o jokkondiri e ɓesngu makko.[240][241] Goomu ngu George Akume ardii nguu udditaa ngam waɗde wirwirnde Buhari &quot;wirngo leydi ndii fof&quot;.[242]

Ñalnde 15 lewru juko hitaande 2025, heddiiɓe e Buhari, ɓe ndarnanoo e lefol leydi Najeriya, neldaama to leydi Najeriya e nder laana ndiwoowa hooreejo leydi Najeriya, ɓe njottii laana ndiwoowa Umaru Musa Yar’adua to Katsina.[242][243][244] Ñalnde heen kadi, heddiiɓe e makko mbaraa e galle makko to Daura, to diiwaan Katsina[245] e dow sarɗiiji lislaam.[246] O rokkaama wirwirnde laamu e wirwirnde laamu e teleeji[247][248][249] tawi kadi ko ardiiɓe leydi e laamuuji jooni e wonnooɓe e laamu ummoriiɓe Gine Bisaawo e Niiseer tawtoraama.[250]

=== Teddungal ===
Caggal maayde Buhari, hooreejo leydi Naajeeriya, Bola Tinubu, siftinii wonde lefol makko ngol ina duumoo, ina maantini e laawol demokaraasi Naajeeriya, o bayyini balɗe jeeɗiɗi e sunaare, tawi ko bannge ngenndi ndii yamiri yo o waɗte e feccere mast balɗe jeeɗiɗi gila 13 lewru juko.[251][252] Tinubu yamiri cukko hooreejo leydi Kashim Shettima yo yah lesdi Biritaniya ngam yahdugo bee ɓanndu Buhari haa lesdi Naajeeriya ngam o wirna.[239]

== Nguurndam neɗɗo ==
E hitaande 1971, Buhaari resi Safinatu Buhaari (jinaaɗo mum ko Yuusuf). Ɓe ndañi ɓiɓɓe njoyo gooto.[253] E hitaande 1988, ɓe ceerti. Ñalnde 14 lewru bowte hitaande 2006, Safinatu sankii ko e caɗeele jabet. E lewru Noowammbar 2012, ɓiɗɗo Buhari debbo gadano maayi e rafi ƴiiƴam, balɗe ɗiɗi caggal nde o dañi ɓiɗɗo to opitaal to Kaduna.[254]

E lewru Duujal hitaande 1989, Buhari resi Aisha Buhari (jinaaɗo Halilu). Ɓe ndañi kadi ɓiɓɓe njoyo gooto.[255] Ɓiɗɗo maɓɓe Yuusuf resi Zahra Nasir Bayero, ɓiɗɗo Emir Nasiru Ado Bayero, e lewru ut 2021.[256]

E hitaande 2015, Buhari hollitii 150 000 dolaar Amerik kaalis ; ko jiidaa e cuuɗi joy e cuuɗi ɗiɗi loope kam e gese, ngesa leɗɗe e ranwiiji 270 jawdi, 25 baali, pucci joy e colli ceertuɗi, geɗe e nder feddeeji tati, nokkuuji ɗiɗi ɗi ƴellitaaki, e otooji ɗiɗi ɗi o soodi e ngalu makko.[257]

== Teddungal ==

=== Teddungal ngenndiwal ===
Naajeeriya: 

Komanda mawɗo fedde nde (GCFR) (1983)

=== Teddungal caggal leydi ===
Benin: 

Kuraana mawɗo e nder leydi Benin (2015)[258] 

Gine Ekuwatoor: 

Koolaaɗo kuuɓal yamiroore jeytaare (2016)[259] 

Gine Bisaawo: 

Heɓɗo njeenaari Amilkar Kabral (8 desaambar 2022)[260] 

Liberiya: 

Kordon mawɗo fedde pioneer en Liberiya (27 sulyee 2019)[261][262] 

Nijeer: 

Kuraana mawɗo mo Ordo ngenndiijo Niiseer (17 mars 2021)[263] 

Portigaal: 

Koolaaɗo kuuɓal laamɗo Henri (30 suwee 2022)[264] 

Senegaal: 

Kurus mawɗo mo Ordo ngenndiijo Lion (7 sulyee 2022)[265] 

Serbi: 

Kalaas ɗiɗmo e yamiroore leydi Serbi (2016)[266]

=== Tiitooɗe aadaaji ===
E hitaande 2017, kawtal laamɓe aadaaji fuɗnaange-rewo teddinii hooreejo leydi Buhari e tiitooɗe laamɗo Enyioma I mo Ebonyi e Ochioha I mo Igboland.[267] E sahaa nde o woni e laamu, hooreejo leydi ndii ina joginoo tiitoonde, hono Ogbuagu I mo Igboland, e nder laamu leydi Najeriya.[268] Caggal mum o rokkaama kadi goɗɗo, hono Ikeogu I mo Igboland, e hitaande rewtunde ndee.[269][270]

== Ƴeew kadi ==
Doggol yimɓe Hausa en

Doggol ardiiɓe lesɗe Naajeeriya

Doggol yimɓe Naajeeriya

== Himobe ==
[[Catégorie: Yimɓe]]
[[Catégorie: Pelaajo Naajeeriya]]
[[Catégorie: Naajeeriya]]
[[Catégorie: Pelaajo Katsina]]
[[Catégorie: Fulfulde]]</text>
      <sha1>pnyw1vw1loswzudb71p5bc1q98vs3kb</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Banngladesh</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4198</id>
    <revision>
      <id>183452</id>
      <parentid>181039</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-20T12:59:50Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>6960</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260820sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]]</comment>
      <origin>183452</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="29500" sha1="md004pcomnbfz553660m9cltqvb0s5k" xml:space="preserve">{{databox}}
'''Banngladesh''' ko [[leydi]] e nder [[Aasiya]]fuɗnaange. Ko [[leydi]] go’aɓiri ɓurndi heewde [[yimmɓe]] e winndere ndee, e nder leyɗeele ɓurɗe heewde yimmɓe, tawi ko ina tolnoo e 171 miliyoŋ neɗɗo e nder wertallo 148,460 kiloomeeta kaaree (57,320 miil kaaree). Bangladesh ina renndini keeri leydi e Indiya to fuɗnaange, hirnaange, e fuɗnaange, e Myanmar to fuɗnaange-rewo. Ina jogii daande maayo Bengal to bannge worgo mum, ina seerti e Butaan e Nepal ko e laawol Siliguri, e Siin ko e dowla Sikkim to bannge worgo mum. Dakaar, laamorgo e wuro ɓurngo mawnude, woni cakaare politik, kaalis, e pinal ngenndi ndii. Chittagong woni wuro ɗiɗaɓo ɓurngo mawnude e porto ɓurɗo heewde yimɓe e nder leydi ndi.

Leydi Bangladesh hannde ndii ko nokku cemmbinɗo laamuuji Buddhist e Hindu keewɗi e nder daartol ɓooyngol. Caggal nde juulɓe keɓi leydi ndii e hitaande 1204, diiwaan oo yi’i laamu Sultanaat e Mughal.&lt;ref&gt;Raychaudhuri, Tapan; Habib, Irfan (eds). ''The Cambridge Economic History of India: Volume 1, c.1200–c.1750''. Cambridge University Press, 1982.&lt;/ref&gt; E jamaanu Mughal, haa teeŋti noon e les njiimaandi Bengal Subah, diiwaan oo yalti ko e nokkuuji ɓurɗi alɗude e njulaagu e nder laamu nguu, anndiraaɗo ƴellitaare njulaagu mbaylaandi e ndema. Hare Plassey e hitaande 1757 woni fuɗɗoode laamu koloñaal Angalteer e nder teeminanɗe ɗiɗi garooje ɗee. Caggal feccere leydi Indiya Biritanik e hitaande dubi alif 1947, Fuɗnaange Bengal wonti bannge fuɗnaange e ɓurɗo heewde yimɓe e Dominion [[Pakistaan]] ​​keso oo, caggal ɗuum innde mum wayliima wonti Fuɗnaange [[Pakistan|Pakistaan]]. Caggal ko ina ɓura duuɓi capanɗe ɗiɗi njiimaandi politik e njiyaagu njuɓɓudi ummoraade e laamu Pakistaan ​​hirnaange, Pakistaan ​​fuɗnaange heɓi wolde nder leydi e hitaande 1971 ; haa jooni ina addana ɗum hare ngam heɓde jeytaare. Mukti Bahini, e ballal konu Inndo, waɗii njiimaandi kaɓirɗe ; e dow ballal warngooji, Bangladesh wonti leñol njiimaandi ñalnde 16 desaambar 1971. Caggal jeytaare mum, Sheek Mujibur Rahman ardii leydi ndii haa o waraa e hitaande 1975. Caggal ɗuum, hooreejo leydi ndii rokkaama Ziaur Rahman, mo kanko e hoore makko waraa e hitaande 1980 Huseyn Muhammadu Ershad, mo laamu fooli e nder fitinaaji mawɗi e hitaande 1990. Caggal demokaraasi e hitaande 1991, « hare Begum en » hakkunde Khaleda Zia e Sheek Hasina, siifi politik leydi ndii e nder duuɓi capanɗe tati garooji ɗii. Hasina fooli laamu e nder fitinaaji mawɗi ɗi almudɓe ardii e lewru ut 2024, laamu nguu sosaa, ngu Muhammad Yunus, keɓɗo njeenaari Nobel ardii.

Bangladesh ko leydi parlemaa ngootiri tuugiindi e njuɓɓudi Westminster. Ko leydi hakkundeeri ndi faggudu mum woni ɗiɗaɓiri ɓurndi mawnude e Asii fuɗnaange. Bangladesh woni leydi tataɓiri ɓurndi heewde juulɓe e winndere nde, kadi ko leydi joyaɓiri ɓurndi heewde haaleede e ɗemngal neeniwal. Ko kañum jogii konu tataɓo ɓurngu mawnude e nder Asii fuɗnaange, ko kañum ɓuri waawde wallitde e golle jam Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe. Ina waɗi diwanuuji jeetati, diiwanuuji 64, e diiwanuuji 495, ko ɗoon woni ladde mangrove ɓurnde mawnude e winndere ndee. Kono tan, leydi Bangladesh ina jeyaa e leyɗe ɓurɗe heewde mooliiɓe e nder winndere ndee, tee ina jokki e jogaade caɗeele ko wayi no njulaagu nguura, ŋakkeende jojjanɗe aadee, ŋakkeende kisal politik, ŋakkeende nguura, e batte bonɗe ɗe mbayliigu weeyo addanta. Nde ardii laabi ɗiɗi Fedde toppitiinde ko fayti e weeyo, nde jeyaa ko e BIMSTEC, SAARC, OIC e Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe.

Mbertudi leydi ndin ko 148.460 km2, jamaa hoɗuɗo e mayri no hewtaynoo fewndo hitaande 2018 yimɓe 161.376.708. Laamorde nden ko Dhaka.

== Etimoloji ==
Etimoloji Banngalade (&quot;leydi Bengali&quot;) ina waawi rewrude e fuɗɗoode teeminannde 20th, nde jimɗi njiimaandi Bengali, ko wayi no Aaji Bangladesher Hridoy mo Rabindranath Tagore winndi, e Namo Namo Namo Bangladesh Momo mo Kazi Nazrul Islam winndi, kuutorii helmere ndee e hitaande 1905 e hitaande 1932.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.geetabitan.com/lyrics/A/aaji-bangladesher-hridoy.html|title=Notation of song aaji bangladesher hridoy|access-date=10 September 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150904011316/http://www.geetabitan.com/lyrics/A/aaji-bangladesher-hridoy.html|archive-date=4 September 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; Puɗɗagol e kitaale 1950, ngenndiyankooɓe Bengali ina kuutoroo helmere ndee e nder seppooji politik to Fuɗnaange Pakistaan.

Helmere Bangla ko innde mawnde wonande diiwaan Bengal e ɗemngal Bengali fof. Iwdi helmere Bangla ndee laaɓaani, miijooji ina kollita leñol proto-Dravidian en jamaanu njamndi,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?frd/cstdy:@field%28DOCID+bd0014%29|title=Bangladesh: early history, 1000&amp;nbsp;B.C.–A.D. 1202|date=September 1988|website=Bangladesh: A country study|publisher=[[Library of Congress]]|access-date=1 December 2014|quote=Historians believe that Bengal, the area comprising present-day Bangladesh and the Indian state of [[West Bengal]], was settled in about 1000 B.C. by Dravidian-speaking peoples who were later known as the Bang. Their homeland bore various titles that reflected earlier tribal names, such as Vanga, Banga, Bangala, Bangal, and Bengal.|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131207010051/http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?frd%2Fcstdy%3A%40field%28DOCID+bd0014%29|url-status=live|archive-date=7 December 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; e Laamu Vanga jamaanu njamndi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Vanga|title=Vanga &amp;#124; ancient kingdom, India|website=Encyclopædia Britannica|access-date=24 April 2023|archive-date=30 July 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160730062030/https://www.britannica.com/place/Vanga|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kuutoragol helmere ndee ko adii fof ko lefol Nesari e hitaande 805 caggal Iisaa. Helmere Vangala Desa ndee ina tawee e binndanɗe Inndo fuɗnaange teeminannde 11th.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|last=Keay|first=John|author-link=John Keay|year=2000|title=India: A History|url=https://archive.org/details/indiahistory00keay|publisher=[[Atlantic Monthly Press]]|page=[https://archive.org/details/indiahistory00keay/page/n259 220]|isbn=978-0-87113-800-2|quote=In C1020 ... launched Rajendra's great northern escapade ... peoples he defeated have been tentatively identified ... 'Vangala-desa where the rain water never stopped' sounds like a fair description of Bengal in the monsoon.}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Sen-1999&quot;&gt;{{cite book|last=Sen|first=Sailendra Nath|year=1999|orig-year=First published 1988|title=Ancient Indian History and Civilization|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Wk4_ICH_g1EC&amp;pg=PA281|publisher=[[New Age International]]|page=281|isbn=978-81-224-1198-0|access-date=25 July 2023|archive-date=16 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230116111745/https://books.google.com/books?id=Wk4_ICH_g1EC&amp;pg=PA281|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Helmere nde heɓi darnde laamu e jamaanu Sultanaat Bengal e teeminannde 14th.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ahmed2004&quot;&gt;{{cite book|last=Ahmed|first=Salahuddin|date=2004|title=Bangladesh: Past and Present|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Szfqq7ruqWgC&amp;pg=PA23|publisher=APH Publishing|page=23|isbn=978-81-7648-469-5|access-date=14 May 2016|archive-date=6 February 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230206161602/https://books.google.com/books?id=Szfqq7ruqWgC&amp;pg=PA23|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;&quot;But the most important development of this period was that the country for the first time received a name, ie Bangalah.&quot; [https://web.archive.org/web/20150723091245/http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Islam,_Bengal Banglapedia: Islam, Bengal] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150723091245/http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Islam,_Bengal|date=23 July 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; Shamsudin Ilyas Shah hollitii hoore mum ko &quot;Shah Bangala&quot; gadano e hitaande 1342.&lt;ref name=&quot;Sen-1999&quot; /&gt; Konngol Bangāl wonti innde ɓurnde heewde e diiwaan oo e jamaanu lislaam.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Sircar|first=D.C.|author-link=Dineshchandra Sircar|year=1971|orig-year=First published 1960|title=Studies in the Geography of Ancient and Medieval India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AqKw1Mn8WcwC|edition=2nd|publisher=Motilal Banarsidass|page=135|isbn=978-81-208-0690-0|access-date=19 April 2016|archive-date=6 February 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230206161603/https://books.google.com/books?id=AqKw1Mn8WcwC|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Daartol Abu'l-Fazl ibn Mubaarak mo teeminannde 16th siftinii e nder deftere mum Ain-i-Akbari wonde ɓeydugol suffix &quot;al&quot; ummorii ko e wonde rajah en ɓooyɓe leydi ndii ina ƴetta tufɗe leydi e nder nokkuuji lesɗi to les tule ceene ɗe mbiyaten &quot;al&quot;. Ɗumɗoo ina haalee kadi e nder deftere Gulam Huseyn Salim nde o winndi.&lt;ref&gt;Land of Two Rivers, [[Nitish Sengupta]]&lt;/ref&gt;

== Limre yimɓe ==
Bangladesh ina joginoo 169,8 miliyoŋ neɗɗo e binnditagol 2022, ɗum ɓeydiima haa 171,4 miliyoŋ e hitaande 2023. Ko leydi go’aɓiri ɓurndi heewde yimɓe e winndere nde, leydi joyaɓiri ɓurndi heewde yimɓe e nder Aasi, e leydi mawndi ɓurndi heewde yimɓe e winndere nde, tawi ko 1 265 neɗɗo/km2 e hitaande 2020.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/EN.POP.DNST?locations=BD|title=Population density (people per sq. km of land area) – Bangladesh|work=[[World Bank]]|access-date=4 October 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt; Hakindo jibinannde (TFR) e nder leydi Bangladesh, nde wonnoo ko e ɓurɗe toowde e winndere ndee, ina famɗi no feewi, gila e 5,5 e hitaande 1985 haa 3,7 e hitaande 1995, haa 1,9 e hitaande 2022,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.DYN.TFRT.IN?locations=BD|title=Fertility rate, total (births per woman) – Bangladesh|work=[[World Bank]]|access-date=4 October 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt; ko les jibinannde lomtinande 2,1.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|last1=Bora|first1=Jayanta Kumar|last2=Saikia|first2=Nandita|last3=Kebede|first3=Endale Birhanu|last4=Lutz|first4=Wolfgang|title=Revisiting the causes of fertility decline in Bangladesh: the relative importance of female education and family planning programs|date=21 January 2022|journal=[[Asian Population Studies]]|volume=19|publisher=[[Routledge]]|doi=10.1080/17441730.2022.2028253|pages=81–104|s2cid=246183181|doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ko ɓuri heewde e yimɓe leydi ndii ina nguuri e gure teeru, tawi ko 40% tan nguuri e nder gure teeru haa hitaande 2023.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.URB.TOTL.IN.ZS?locations=BD|title=Urban population (% of total population) – Bangladesh|work=[[World Bank]]|access-date=4 October 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bangladesh ina jogii duuɓi hakkundeeji ko ina tolnoo e duuɓi 28, tawi 26% e yimɓe leydi ndii ina njogii duuɓi 14 walla ko ɓuri ɗum,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.POP.0014.TO.ZS?locations=BD|title=Population ages 0–14 (% of total population) – Bangladesh|work=[[World Bank]]|access-date=4 October 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt; e 6% tan ina njogii duuɓi 65 e ko ɓuri ɗum e hitaande 2023.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.POP.65UP.TO.ZS?locations=BD|title=Population ages 65 and above (% of total population) – Bangladesh|work=[[World Bank]]|access-date=4 October 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Bangladesh ko renndo ngootaagu e leƴƴi e pinal, sibu Bengali en ina mbaɗi 99% e yimɓe leydi ndii. Yimɓe Adivasi en ina mbaɗi Chakma en, Marma en, Santhal en, Mros en, Tanchangya en, Bawm en, Tripuri en, Khasi en, Kumi en, Kuki en, Garos en, e Bisnupriya en Manipur en. Diiwaan Chittagong Hill Tracts heɓi jiiɓru e fitinaaji tuggi 1975 haa 1997 e nder dille ndimaagu yimɓe mum. Hay so tawii nanondiral jam siynaama e hitaande 1997, diiwaan oo ina heddii e militeer en.&lt;ref name=&quot;rashiduzzaman&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|last=Rashiduzzaman|first=M|year=1998|title=Bangladesh's Chittagong Hill Tracts Peace Accord: Institutional Features and Strategic Concerns|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_asian-survey_1998-07_38_7/page/653|journal=Asian Survey|volume=38|issue=7|pages=653–70|doi=10.2307/2645754|jstor=2645754}}&lt;/ref&gt; Pakistaannaaɓe haalooɓe ɗemngal Urdu, ɓe ngoni ko e ɓiyleydaagu, ɓe ndokkaama ɓiyleydaagu e hitaande 2008.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.unhcr.org/news/stories/how-bangladesh-court-ruling-changed-lives-more-300000-stateless-people|title=How a Bangladesh court ruling changed the lives of more than 300,000 stateless people|last1=Shadman|first1=Onchita|last2=Schönbauer|first2=Roland|date=23 February 2015|access-date=27 January 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bangladesh kadi ina jaɓɓoo ko ina tolnoo e 700,000 mooliiɗo Rohingya gila 2017, ɗum noon ina jeyaa e leyɗeele ɓurɗe heewde mooliiɓe e nder winndere nde.&lt;ref name=&quot;RohingyaHRW&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.hrw.org/report/2018/08/05/bangladesh-not-my-country/plight-rohingya-refugees-myanmar|title=Bangladesh Is Not My Country|publisher=[[Human Rights Watch]]|date=5 August 2018|access-date=27 September 2022|archive-date=27 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220927102348/https://www.hrw.org/report/2018/08/05/bangladesh-not-my-country/plight-rohingya-refugees-myanmar|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Wolde ===
[[File:Shaheed_Minar,_Dhaka,_Bangladesh.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Shaheed_Minar,_Dhaka,_Bangladesh.jpg|thumb|Shaheed Minar, woni monimaaji ngenndiiji to Dakaar, sosaaɗi ngam siftorde martabaaji dillere ɗemngal Bengali e hitaande 1952, ko maande ngenndiyaŋkaagal Bengali.]]
Ɗemngal laawɗungal e ɓurngal heewde e leydi Bangladesh ko ɗemngal Bengali, ngal ko ɓuri 99% e yimɓe leydi ndii kaalata ko ɗemngal mum en neeniwal.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=Population and Housing Census 2022: Report on Socio-Economic and Demographic Survey 2023|url=http://nsds.bbs.gov.bd/storage/files/1/SEDS_2023_Report.pdf|date=June 2024|publisher=Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics|page=xx|isbn=978-984-35-2977-0|access-date=9 June 2024|archive-date=9 June 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240609144133/http://nsds.bbs.gov.bd/storage/files/1/SEDS_2023_Report.pdf|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;LOG&quot;&gt;{{cite encyclopedia|last1=Rahim|first1=Enayetur|editor1-last=Heitzman|editor1-first=James|editor2-last=Worden|editor2-first=Robert L.|title=Ethnicity and Linguistic Diversity|encyclopedia=Bangladesh: a country study|year=1989|access-date=24 September 2022|url=http://countrystudies.us/bangladesh/29.htm|publisher=[[Federal Research Division]], [[Library of Congress]]|page=59|oclc=49223313}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bengali ina siforee no jokkondire ɗemɗe ɗo ɗemɗe ceertuɗe kaaleteeɗe e nder leydi ndii fof. Won diglossia ɗo ko ɓuri heewde e yimɓe mbaawi faamde walla haalde e ɗemngal Bengali Standard Colloquial, e ɗemngal mum en diiwaan walla ɗemngal mum en.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.thedailystar.net/supplements/amar-ekushey-2018/amago-bhasha-1537534|title=Amago Basha|last=Khan|first=Sameer Ud Dowla|date=21 February 2018|access-date=24 September 2022|work=[[The Daily Star (Bangladesh)|The Daily Star]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ina jeyaa e ɗeen ɗemɗe Chittagonian kaaleteeɗe e diiwaan fuɗnaange-rewo Chittagong,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Masica|first=Colin|author-link=Colin Masica|year=1991|title=The Indo-Aryan Languages|url=https://archive.org/details/indoaryanlanguag0000masi|place=Cambridge|publisher=Cambridge University Press|page=[https://archive.org/details/indoaryanlanguag0000masi/page/16 16]}} &quot;The dialect of Chittagong, in southeast Bangladesh, is different enough to be considered a separate language.&quot;&lt;/ref&gt; Noakhali kaaleteeɗo e diiwaan fuɗnaange-rewo Noakhali&lt;ref&gt;{{citation|author=Sarwar, Fatina|title=Noakhali Dialect: Its Prospect of Standardization}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|last=Rashel|first=Md. Mostafa|title=Phonological Analysis of Chatkhil Dialect in Noakhali District, Bangladesh|journal=Theory and Practice in Language Studies|volume=1|issue=9|date=September 2011|pages=1051–1061|doi=10.4304/tpls.1.9.1051-1061|url=http://www.academypublication.com/issues/past/tpls/vol01/09/09.html/|archive-date=15 June 2022|access-date=6 January 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220615203456/http://www.academypublication.com/issues/past/tpls/vol01/09/09.html|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; e Sylheti kaaleteeɗo e diiwaan fuɗnaange-rewo Sylhet.&lt;ref name=&quot;LOG2&quot;&gt;{{cite encyclopedia|last1=Rahim|first1=Enayetur|editor1-last=Heitzman|editor1-first=James|editor2-last=Worden|editor2-first=Robert L.|title=Ethnicity and Linguistic Diversity|encyclopedia=Bangladesh: a country study|year=1989|access-date=24 September 2022|url=http://countrystudies.us/bangladesh/29.htm|publisher=[[Federal Research Division]], [[Library of Congress]]|page=59|oclc=49223313}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Engele ina jogii darnde mawnde e nder geɗe ñaawoore e jaŋde leydi Bangladesh, sabu daartol leydi ndii e nder laamu Biritaan. Nde haalaama no feewi, nde faamee, nde janngetee ko e nder duɗe jaaɓi-haaɗtirde, e nder duɗe jaaɓi-haaɗtirde e nder duɗe jaaɓi-haaɗtirde, tawa kadi ko e nder duɗe jaaɓi-haaɗtirde ɗemngal Inngila ina heewi tawtoreede.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|last1=Rahman|first1=Mohammad Mosiur|last2=Islam|first2=Mohammad Shaiful|last3=Karim|first3=Abdul|last4=Chowdhury|first4=Takad Ahmed|last5=Rahman|first5=Muhammad Mushfiqur|last6=Ibna Seraj|first6=Prodhan Mahbub|last7=Mehar Singh|first7=Manjet Kaur|title=English language teaching in Bangladesh today: Issues, outcomes, and implications|date=5 June 2019|journal=Language Testing in Asia|volume=9|number=9|doi=10.1186/s40468-019-0085-8|s2cid=189801612|doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ɗemɗe leƴƴi, hay so ina ɓeydoo ustaade, ina jeyaa heen ɗemngal Chakma, ɗemngal goɗngal gonngal e Fuɗnaange Indo-Aryan, ngal leñol Chakma en kaalata.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|last=Chakma|first=Sujana|title=Chakma language : survival from being extinct in Bangladesh|publisher=BRAC University|url=https://dspace.bracu.ac.bd/xmlui/bitstream/handle/10361/3983/09203017.pdf?sequence=1&amp;isAllowed=|date=11 December 2014|access-date=6 January 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt; Woɗɓe ɓee ko Garo en, Meitey en, Kokborok e Rakhiin en. E nder ɗemɗe Otiris, ɓurɗe haaleede ko ɗemngal Santali, jibinannde leñol Santal.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|last1=Seung|first1=Kim|last2=Kim|first2=Amy|title=The Santali cluster in Bangladesh: a sociolinguistic survey|year=2010|url=https://www.sil.org/system/files/reapdata/85/39/32/85393268857150358467007206894440229270/silesr2010_006.pdf|issue=2010–006|publisher=[[SIL International]]|series=Survey Report|access-date=24 September 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt; Pakistaannaaɓe jolnooɓe e won e taƴe Dakaanaaɓe ɓooyɓe ina keewi huutoraade ɗemngal Urdu ngam wonde ɗemngal mum en neeniwal. Haa jooni, kuutoragol ɗiɗaɓol ngol ina heddii e ñaaweede no feewi.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|last=Ashrafi|first=Shah Tazria|title=How the Urdu language and literature slipped into darkness in Bangladesh|url=https://www.trtworld.com/opinion/how-the-urdu-language-and-literature-slipped-into-darkness-in-bangladesh-43391|work=[[TRT World]]|date=19 January 2021|type=Opinion|access-date=24 September 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Dina ===
Lislaam woni diina leydi Bangladesh.&lt;ref name=&quot;state religion&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=The Constitution of the People's Republic of Bangladesh (part I)|url=http://bdlaws.minlaw.gov.bd/act-367/section-24549.html|url-status=|access-date=12 January 2025|website=Laws of Bangladesh}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kono kadi doosgal leydi ndii ina jokki e ƴellitde diineeji ɗii fof, ina ɗaɓɓi kadi potal hakkeeji diineeji ɗii. Kala ɓiɗɗo leydi ina jogii ndimaagu rewde kala diine.

Lislaam woni diina ɓurɗo mawnude e nder leydi ndii, ina rewi heen fotde 91.1% e yimɓe leydi ndii. Ko ɓuri heewde e ɓiɓɓe leydi Bangladesh ko juulɓe Bengali, jokkuɓe e lislaam sunnit en.&lt;ref name=&quot;state&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.state.gov/reports/2022-report-on-international-religious-freedom/bangladesh/|title=2022 Report on International Religious Freedom: Bangladesh|work=[[United States Department of State]]|access-date=8 January 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt; Leydi ndi'i woni lesdi tataɓiri ɓurdundi ɗuuɗugo julɓe nder duuniyaaru, nden boo woni lesdi nayaɓiri ɓurdundi ɗuuɗugo juulɓe nder duuniyaaru fuu.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://features.pewforum.org/muslim-population/?sort=Pop2010|title=Muslim Population by Country|publisher=Pew Research|date=27 January 2011|access-date=23 October 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130726201620/http://features.pewforum.org/muslim-population/?sort=Pop2010|archive-date=26 July 2013|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Hinndu'en Bengali'en woni diina ɗiɗaɓo nder lesdi ndi'i, nden boo kamɓe ngoni tataɓere ɓurdunde mawnugo nder ummaatoore Hindu'en nder duuniyaaru. E binnditagol 2022, Hinndu en ina mbaɗi 7,95% e yimɓe leydi ndii fof.&lt;ref name=&quot;state2&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.state.gov/reports/2022-report-on-international-religious-freedom/bangladesh/|title=2022 Report on International Religious Freedom: Bangladesh|work=[[United States Department of State]]|access-date=8 January 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt; E binnditagol 2011, Hinndu en ina mbaɗi 8,54% e yimɓe leydi ndii.

Buddhist woni diina tataɓo ɓurɗo reweede, ko 0,6% tan e yimɓe leydi ndii njokki ɗum. Buddhist en Bangladesh ina keewi e nder leƴƴi leƴƴi e nder nokkuuji tufɗe Chittagong e nder Buddhist en Bengali en seeɗa e nder Chittagong, ɓe ɓuri heewde ko tokkude duɗal Theravada.&lt;ref name=&quot;state3&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.state.gov/reports/2022-report-on-international-religious-freedom/bangladesh/|title=2022 Report on International Religious Freedom: Bangladesh|work=[[United States Department of State]]|access-date=8 January 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Kerecee’en woni diinaaji nayaɓi ɓurɗi mawnude e 0,3%, rewi heen ko ɓuri heewde ko Kerecee’en seeɗa Bengali. 0,1% e yimɓe leydi ndii ina kuutoroo diineeji goɗɗi ko wayi no Animism walla ko diineeji ɗi ngalaa.&lt;ref name=&quot;state4&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.state.gov/reports/2022-report-on-international-religious-freedom/bangladesh/|title=2022 Report on International Religious Freedom: Bangladesh|work=[[United States Department of State]]|access-date=8 January 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Dina ==

=== Ñalɗi e juuldeeji ===
Koolol aadaaji ina jeyaa heen Pahela Baishakh (hitaande hesere Bengali), woni koolol mawngol pinal Bengali; e juuldeeji jaajɗi.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.thedailystar.net/shout/news/the-universal-appeal-pahela-baishakh-2077693|title=The Universal Appeal of Pahela Baishakh|work=[[The Daily Star (Bangladesh)|The Daily Star]]|date=14 April 2021|access-date=16 January 2025|last=Islam|first=Hiya}}&lt;/ref&gt; Pohela Falgun hawri ko e ñalngu &lt;nowiki&gt;''&lt;/nowiki&gt;Valentine&lt;nowiki&gt;''&lt;/nowiki&gt;, ina mawninee e kollirgol jimɗi, jimɗi e golle pinal goɗɗe.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.dhakatribune.com/bangladesh/dhaka/373684/du-celebrates-pohela-falgun-with-spring-festival|title=DU celebrates Pohela Falgun with spring festival|work=[[Dhaka Tribune]]|date=14 February 2025|access-date=15 February 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt; Juuldeeji goɗɗi ina mbaɗi Nabonno e Poush Parbon, ɗi mawninta kosam kesam e nder gese.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.dhakatribune.com/bangladesh/dhaka/373684/du-celebrates-pohela-falgun-with-spring-festival|title=DU celebrates Pohela Falgun with spring festival|work=[[Dhaka Tribune]]|date=14 February 2025|access-date=15 February 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt; Shakrain ko mawningol hitaande kala, ngol waɗata ko e lewru ɓuuɓndu, waɗata ko e darorɗe lewru Poush, lewru nayaɓuru e limlebbi Bengali. Koolol ngol hawri ko e Makar Sankranti mawninaaɗo to leydi Indiya e leydi Nepal.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.thedailystar.net/news-detail-170574|title=Shakrain festival|work=[[The Daily Star (Bangladesh)|The Daily Star]]|date=19 January 2011|access-date=16 January 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[File:Jatiyo_Sritisoudho.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Jatiyo_Sritisoudho.jpg|thumb|Mawningol ñalngu nafoore to nokku ciftorgol martiriiji ngenndiiji]]
E nder juuldeeji diina, juuldeeji ɗiɗi ɓurɗi mawnude e juulɓe ko ɓuri heewde ko juulde Iid al-Fitr, ko juulde lewru Ramadaan—e Iid al-Adha, ko juulde kirse.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/7/31/what-is-eid-al-adha-and-how-is-it-celebrated|title=What is Eid al-Adha and how is it celebrated?|work=[[Al Jazeera]]|date=31 July 2020|access-date=16 January 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt; Iiduuji ɗii fof ina mawninee e ñalɗi ɓurɗi juutde e ñalɗi ngenndiiji.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.thedailystar.net/news/bangladesh/governance/news/five-day-eid-vacation-two-day-holiday-durga-puja-3729086|title=Five-day Eid vacation, two-day holiday for Durga puja|work=[[The Daily Star (Bangladesh)|The Daily Star]]|date=17 October 2024|access-date=16 January 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt; Juulde juulɓe woɗnde ina jeyaa heen Mawlid (juulde juulde),&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|last=Zamir|first=Muhammad|title=Various dimensions of Mawlid or Milad-un-nabi|url=https://thefinancialexpress.com.bd/views/various-dimensions-of-mawlid-or-milad-un-nabi|access-date=15 January 2025|work=[[The Financial Express (Bangladesh)|The Financial Express]]|date=15 September 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt; Aasura ñalnde sappo lewru Muharram,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.tbsnews.net/bangladesh/ashura-being-observed-bangladesh-673434|title=Ashura being observed in Bangladesh|work=[[The Business Standard]]|date=29 July 2023|access-date=16 January 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt; Chaand Raat,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=A reminiscent tour of Chaand Raat through the decades|url=https://thefinancialexpress.com.bd/lifestyle/culture/a-reminiscent-tour-of-chaand-raat-through-the-decades|access-date=15 January 2025|work=[[The Financial Express (Bangladesh)|The Financial Express]]|date=10 April 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt; e Shab-e-Barat.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=Shab-e-Barat to be observed on March 29|url=https://www.dhakatribune.com/bangladesh/2021/03/14/shab-e-barat-to-be-observed-on-march-29|access-date=15 January 2025|work=[[Dhaka Tribune]]|date=14 March 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; Juulde Hindu ɓurnde mawnineede ko Durga Puja.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|last=Zand|first=Sahar|url=https://www.bbc.com/travel/article/20241008-bangladeshs-devoted-idol-creators|title=The 'god makers': Bangladesh's devoted idol creators|work=[[BBC News]]|publisher=[[BBC]]|date=9 October 2024|access-date=16 January 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt; Juuldeeji Hindu mawɗi goɗɗi ina jeyaa heen juulde Kirishna Janmashtami e Ratha Yatra.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://en.prothomalo.com/bangladesh/dxpkrv51ga|title=Janmashtami today|work=[[Prothom Alo]]|date=26 August 2024|access-date=16 January 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=Ratha Yatra festival begins across Bangladesh|url=https://www.dhakatribune.com/bangladesh/351359/ratha-yatra-festival-begins-across-bangladesh|access-date=15 January 2025|work=[[Dhaka Tribune]]|date=7 July 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt; Juulde ɓurnde mawnude e nder leydi ndi fof ko Buddha Purnima, ko juulde jibineede Buddha Gautama.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.thedailystar.net/news/bangladesh/news/buddha-purnima-today-3615671|title=Buddha Purnima today|work=[[The Daily Star (Bangladesh)|The Daily Star]]|date=22 May 2024|access-date=16 January 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt; E nder Kerecee’en, ko Natal ɓuri mawnineede.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|last1=Islam|first1=Tousef|last2=Gomez|first2=Rexy Jason|url=https://www.tbsnews.net/features/christmas-bangladesh-transposing-jingle-bells-memories-764026|title=Buddha Purnima today|work=[[The Business Standard]]|date=25 December 2023|access-date=16 January 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Juuldeeji ngenndiiji yiɗɓe leydi ina njeyaa heen ñalngu dille ɗemɗe, ñalngu nguu ina mawninee ñalnde 21 Febraayru ngam siftorde martabaaji dille ɗemɗe Bengali e hitaande 1952.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|last=Rahman|first=Mohammad Afzalur|url=https://www.thedailystar.net/supplements/amar-ekushe-2024/news/how-ekushey-was-commemorated-during-the-pakistan-period-3549101|title=How Ekushey was commemorated during the Pakistan period|work=[[The Daily Star (Bangladesh)|The Daily Star]]|date=21 February 2024|access-date=16 January 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt; Nde UNESCO bayyini ɗum ñalngu ɗemngal neeniwal hakkunde leyɗeele e hitaande 1999.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.unesco.org/en/days/mother-language|title=International Mother Language Day|publisher=[[UNESCO]]|access-date=15 January 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ñalngu jeytaare ina mawninee ñalnde 26 marse ngam siftorde bayyinaango jeytaare leydi Pakistaan.&lt;ref name=&quot;star2&quot;&gt;{{cite web|date=26 March 2024|last=Rafa|first=Amrin Tasnim|url=https://www.thedailystar.net/rising-stars/news/the-significance-bangladeshs-independence-day-and-victory-day-3575421|title=The significance of Bangladesh's Independence Day and Victory Day|publisher=[[The Daily Star (Bangladesh)|The Daily Star]]|access-date=15 January 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ñalngu nasaraaku ina mawninee ñalnde 16 lewru Augost ngam mawninde nasaraaku e wolde ndimaagu leydi Bangladesh.&lt;ref name=&quot;star2&quot; /&gt; Moɓondiral jamaa ina teskaa e Shaheed Minar e Memorial Martyrs National e nder juuldeeji tati cakkitiiɗi ɗii ngam teddinde martiriiji maayɓe.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=Nation set to pay homage to language martyrs tomorrow|url=https://www.tbsnews.net/bangladesh/nation-set-pay-homage-language-martyrs-tomorrow-795818|access-date=15 January 2025|work=[[The Financial Express (Bangladesh)|The Financial Express]]|date=20 February 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=National Martyrs' Memorial ready for Independence Day observance|url=https://www.dhakatribune.com/bangladesh/307542/national-martyrs-memorial-ready-for-independence|access-date=15 January 2025|work=[[Dhaka Tribune]]|date=25 March 2023|last=Sabbir|first=Ariful Islam}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Himobe ==
{{Reflist}}{{Aasiya}}

[[Catégorie:Leydi]]
[[Catégorie:Aasiya]]
[[Category:Stub]]</text>
      <sha1>md004pcomnbfz553660m9cltqvb0s5k</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Kolori dam</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>6369</id>
    <revision>
      <id>183513</id>
      <parentid>181180</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-20T14:35:42Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>6960</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260820sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]]</comment>
      <origin>183513</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="10098" sha1="e2uiock32h1v7s0o48okvbuayxet5kx" xml:space="preserve">'''Kolori Dam''' ɗon nder Sokoto State nder lesdi [[Naajeeriya|Nigeria]]. Ɗum timmini nder 1978 nden nder hitaande dubu alif 1981 nden, ndiyam ndiyam maako boo heewi. Ɗum woni ko'e ndiyam mawɗo dow maayo [[Maayo Sakkwatoɓe|Sokoto]], ko'e nder maayo Rima, ko'o hokkata ndiyam Niijer. ndiyam diga dam ɗon hokkata kolori irrigation [[project]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/0305750X9390121O&lt;/ref&gt; 

Dam ina woodi [[limgal]] 450 liyaar mita kubik, e daande ndiyam ɓesngu huutoraaki haare 8,000 ha, ɓesngu 19 km ( mi) dow maayo.&lt;ref name=&quot;helsinki&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|url=http://www.njas.helsinki.fi/pdf-files/vol11num3/yahaya_02.pdf|title=DEVELOPMENT AND CHALLENGES OF BAKOLORI IRRIGATION PROJECT IN SOKOTO STATE, NIGERIA|author=MOHAMMED KUTA YAHAYA|journal=Nordic Journal of African Studies|volume=11|issue=3|pages=411–430|year=2002|accessdate=2010-01-10}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Garnude dam waɗi remooɓe ɗuuɗɓe ɓe ɓe ɓe mbaɗata hay leydi feere malla ceede jawdi.  [[Yimɓe Ekoi|Yimɓe]] ɗuuɗɓe maayi nder ngam ɓe maayi ko ɓe nguurndam.&lt;ref name=&quot;loveejoy&quot;&gt;{{cite book|page=[https://archive.org/details/displacementpoli0000unse/page/76 76]|title=Displacement and the politics of violence in Nigeria|url=https://archive.org/details/displacementpoli0000unse|publisher=BRILL|year=1997|isbn=90-04-10876-9|author8=Paul E. Lovejoy, Pat Ama Tokunbo Williams}}&lt;/ref&gt; Landu ndu waɗi anndude bana misaalu kulol ɓamtaare.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|page=312|title=Conservation in Africa: Peoples, Policies and Practice|author1=David Anderson|author2=Richard H. Grove|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=1990|isbn=0-521-34990-7}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Fiko ==
Sokoto River ɗon ƴiwo nder lesdi Sudan [[Sudan (region)|Savannah]] nder lesdi Nigeria. Wurooji ɗi anndaa ko anndaa, diga 500 mm haa 1,300 mm hitaande nder wakkati June haa Septemba. Ka yeeso haɓɓugo dam, yimɓe 50,000 nder nder ndiyam Sokoto fuɗɗiima haɓɓugo, ɓe ɗon mari kuugal fuɗnaaki, ɓe ɗon ɓeya arsaa e sorghum nder sahaa fuɗnaaku, e ɓe ɗon ɓeyi ko'e leɗɗe bana so'a, gargoor e tamata nder sahaa huutore.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Lamuɓe ɗuuɗɓe naftiri e kuuɗe Shadoof ngam ɓe ummi ndiyam diga maayo ngam ɓe mburtina nder nder nder nder ndiyamji. Debbo'en nder [[purdah]] ɗon mbaɗata kuuɗe nder fannu, ammaa ɓe ɗon mari hakkiloji jaɓugo e wallude nder kuugal.  Debbo'en ɓe ɓe ɗonno nder yaasi ɗon kuuwa nder lamndol.&lt;ref name=&quot;helsinki&quot; /&gt; Fuu leydi ndii ɗon mari yimɓe ɓe mbaɗata ɗum'en, walaa goɗɗum ko ɓe mbaɗataa.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; 

Limooɓe nder nokkuure nden, ɓe ɗon njooɗugo nder nder nder nderji, ɓe ɓurdi ɓeydaago ngam foofugo risku diga ɓe ɓeyda ɓeydaaki. Fannu ndu ɗon haani ha nder sahaaji sahaaji, e yiɗde ndiyam je ɗon haani ɗum gooto e daliila haɓɓugo dam.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; 

== Fuuɗuki ==
Nder dubi alif 1969, Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) waɗi habaru dow darnde ngam darnde dam e darnde darnde darnuki nder [[Talata Mafara]], bee darnde darnduki dow ndiyam ngam darnde. Fedde FAO nder warugo haala nde hollitii muhimminki laabi laabi ɗi ngaɗata hujja ɓurɗum ha hujja dow laabi huutoreeji leydi, nder fannu ngam walaa anndal nder kuuje ha nder nokkuure. Nder hitaande dubi alif 1971 laamu lesdi Naajeeriya noddi suɓaaji ngam suɓaaje e hakkilantaaku nder nder nder nder hitaande 1972, hokki golle to Impressit Bakolori Nigeria, maral ngal 60% ha laamu lesdi Nigeria e 40% ha maral [[Fiyat|Fiat]]. Nder wakkati jannguki 1972 haa 1974, laabi maral ngal ɓeydi haa hawti e damma mawɗo go'o e laabi mawɗi nder sistemji naange masin. Lardooɓe gariiri naa' ɓe haajinaama nder nder nder nder kuugal jaaynde nden, nden walaa kuugal jaayngal ngal waɗata dow ɓaawo.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; 

=== Maaki ===
Maaki damma fuɗɗii nder hitaande 1974 nden timmi nder hitaande dubi alif  1978, caggal ɗum waɗi duuɓi tati ngam limgal damma. Dam woni dow dow dow dow leydi, e daande leydi, e nder suudu ɓernde e nder njamndi, e daare e nder njanngirde e nder njanndi, e nder daande e nder daare e daande e daande 48 m, e nder nder daande daande ndiyam e nder dabare daande 3 MW. Luttuɗe e canalji ji'am naa' ɓe timmini haa 1983 e ɓe ɗon hawta bee haaki 23,000 tan ha haaki 30,000 ha haaki diga fuɗɗam. ndiyam ɗon wurtina haa haaktorji 15,000 bee haaktorje 8,000 bee haaktarji gravity. Fuuɗe njamndi ɗon mari ceede, ammaa ɓe naftira ndiyam ɓurɗum to ɓe njamndiɗum. Caggal ɓeydaago ceede, kuugal naange waɗi nder kuugal ɓurɗo boɗeeji e haaktere nder duuniyaaru.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; 

Maɓɓugo dam, bee landing, clearing e canal construction halki laamuuji be leɗɗe. Yimɓe gariiri ɓe laati ɓeen laamiiɓe ɓe walaa leydi. Yimɓe ɓurɓe fuu ɓe keɓataa ceede, koo ɓe hokki leydi ɗe ɓe mbaawaa. Yimɓe jooɗiiɓe ɓe ɓe mbaɗi ɓe nganndi ko ɓe anndaa bana buroodi.&lt;ref name=&quot;helsinki&quot; /&gt; Nder maɓɓugo maɓɓugo, remooɓe nokku ɗon ɓe mbaawaa ko ɓe mbaadi ngam ɓe njooɗugo duuɓi ɗuuɗɗi. Nde ɓe kawti e yimɓe ɓe ɗon holla nder lewru Noofambar 1979, gomnaaku Sokoto, [[Shehu Kangiwa]], waɗi alkawal ngam haɓɓugo ko ɓe ɗon haɓɓana fuu. Ammaa, nder 28 abriil 1980 polis ɓe ɗon hawta dow yimɓe ɓe ɓe ngalaa jawdi ɓe mbari yimɓe 380 diga maɓɓe. Dowla ɗon maaki nyau ndu, ɗon wi'a 25 tan maayi.&lt;ref name=&quot;loveejoy&quot; /&gt; 

=== Fuuɗuki dow ndiyam ===
Yimɓe ɓe ɗon mari ndiyam nder lesdi ɓe ɗon mari maayo ɓe ɗon mari nguleeki ndiyam ɓaawo wakkati ɓesngu, ngam ɓe ɗon ɓeyda ɓaawo wakkati ɓe ɗon mari lesdi.&lt;ref name=&quot;Adam1993&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|last=Adams|first=W.M.|date=September 1993|title=Development's deaf ear: Downstream users and water releases from the Bakolori Dam, Nigeria|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_world-development_1993-09_21_9/page/1405|journal=World Development|volume=21|issue=9|pages=1405–1416|doi=10.1016/0305-750X(93)90121-O}}&lt;/ref&gt; Yimɓe huutoraade dam naa' ɓe ɗon hakkiilo ngam ngam ngam ɓe ɗon hokkata ndiyam haa wakkatiji naa' haani.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|page=[https://archive.org/details/futurelargedamsd00scud/page/n253 236]|title=The future of large dams: dealing with social, environmental, institutional and political costs|url=https://archive.org/details/futurelargedamsd00scud|url-access=limited|last=Scudder|first=Thayer|publisher=Earthscan|year=2005|isbn=1-84407-155-3}}&lt;/ref&gt; Dam ngal ɓeydiima ɓeydaaki ɓeydaani e ɓeydaandi, wakkati e ɓeydagol ndiyam nder wakkati sahaaji ndiyam.&lt;ref name=&quot;Adam1993&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;https://web.archive.org/web/20120225071601/http://oldwww.wii.gov.in/eianew/eia/dams%20and%20development/kbase/contrib/soc195.pdf&lt;/ref&gt; Ɗum ɓeydi ɗuuɗal ndiyam je ɗon haandi ngam lamnduki, ngam ndiyam ɗuuɗal nder nokkuure je ɗon mari masin e je ɗon mari mari mari mari ɓeydaaki ngam ɓeydaago.&lt;ref name=&quot;helsinki&quot; /&gt; Nder nokkuuje dow ndiyam, nder nder leydi haaki 19,000 ha, damma waɗi haaki 7,000 ha haaki dabareeji e 5,000 ha haaki 5,000 haaki haaki.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; Ɗu'um majjum fuɗɗii ɓesdaaki ngam ɓeydaaki nder ɓeydaago nder ɓeydagol maaki e sorghum, ammaa yimɓe 12,000 ɓe ɗon ɓootira.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|page=[https://archive.org/details/greendevelopment00adam_182/page/n257 231]|title=Green development: environment and sustainability in the Third World|url=https://archive.org/details/greendevelopment00adam_182|url-access=limited|last=Adams|first=William Mark|publisher=Routledge|year=2001|isbn=0-415-14766-2}}&lt;/ref&gt; Lottaji ɗi laamu nder laamu fuɗnaama e US$7 million hitaande fuu.&lt;ref&gt;http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/2008/03/28/000333037_20080328012434/Rendered/PDF/263270NWP0REPL10Wetlands0Management.pdf&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Fedde jaɓɓorgo e jaɓɓorgal ==
Dammugal ngal ina woodi nokkuure cukalel to bannge maayo, ɗum waɗi ko haɗi ha ɓesngu nokkuure ɓesngu e ɓesngu nder leƴƴi ɗuuɗɗi. ndiyam ɗam ɗon ɓeyda, ɗon woodi ɓiyɗe leydi ɗon ɗon ɓeydi bana maɓɓugo jayngol e halki ɓeydaaki leɗɗe ndiyam ɗi ndiyam ɗam ɗam ɗon mari nyaamdu. Ɗuum ɗon sakkinta potal nder nder nder nder ndiyam ngam nyaamugo leƴƴi.&lt;ref&gt;http://www.fao.org/docrep/005/T1230E/T1230E08.htm&lt;/ref&gt; Dammugal ngal ɗon ɓeyda ɓeydaago diga maayo e nder maayoji e nder nder ndiyamji.&lt;ref&gt;http://www.fao.org/DOCREP/005/T1230E/T1230E06.htm#ch4.1&lt;/ref&gt; Nder nokkuure je je jeji, ndiyamji jeji jejiji jeji e jeji jejeji  ɗon jeji waɗi jeji, je je je jeɗɗi jeji, ɗe jeji feerootiri feerootiral. Ɗe woodi nyauɓe ɓurɓe ɓeydaade nder ndiyam.&lt;ref name=&quot;helsinki&quot; /&gt; Caggal ngam huutoreeji haɓɓuki feere feere feere feere be cukale, sorghum e groundnuts fuɗnaaki bana non ngam saɗugo cukale cukale nden be sarɗi cukale je'e.&lt;ref&gt;M.O.E. Orode (1984-11-09). ''Tropical grain legume bulletin, Issue 28''. International Grain Legume Information Centre. p. 88.&lt;/ref&gt; 

Ha 2003, sistemji sprinkler ɗon ɗon ɗon ɗon maaki, be haaki 7,500 tan ɗon ɗon maami, ɓurna fuu ngam rice, bee huutugo ndiyamji je ɗon haaki gravity.&lt;ref&gt;https://web.archive.org/web/20081116122312/http://www.usaid.gov/ng/downloads/markets/irrigated_rice_study_report.pdf&lt;/ref&gt; Luttuɗum ɗon haa ɓaawo. [[Yimɓe Ekoi|Yimɓe]] ɗuuɗɓe ɓe njogii nder gure.&lt;ref&gt;https://web.archive.org/web/20110604105506/http://www.un.org/cyberschoolbus/student/2005/theme.asp&lt;/ref&gt; Kolori dam waɗi ɓeydaaki 53% nder nokkuure je'e je'e.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.ramsar.org/sites/default/files/documents/library/wise_use_of_wetlands_-_g._e._hollis_m._m._holland_e._maltby_and_j._s._larson.pdf&lt;/ref&gt; 

Mawɓe jaabawol dow huutoreeji njanngooji ɗi [[UNESCO]] wurtini nder hitaande 1988 ɓe mbi'i &quot;ngam jaabawol jaayɗe ɓurɗe fuu dow kuugal Kolori footi ɓeydaaki ɓeydaago dow kalkal ngal ɓe jaɓa&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|url=https://www.ramsar.org/sites/default/files/documents/library/wise_use_of_wetlands_-_g._e._hollis_m._m._holland_e._maltby_and_j._s._larson.pdf|title=Wise Use of Wetlands|author1=G. E. Hollis|author2=M. M. Holland|author3=E. Maltby|author4=J. S. Larson|name-list-style=amp|series=Nature and Resources|volume=XXIV|issue=1|date=January–March 1988|publisher=UNESCO}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Kootol ==</text>
      <sha1>e2uiock32h1v7s0o48okvbuayxet5kx</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Carolyne Adalla</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>6588</id>
    <revision>
      <id>183430</id>
      <parentid>33975</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-20T12:25:19Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>6960</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260820sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]]</comment>
      <origin>183430</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1844" sha1="imlpgntsmyctjkuqhygp5vtvqxwt27a" xml:space="preserve">'''Carolyne Adalla''' ko winndiiɗo Kenya, o winndi defte Confessions of an AIDS (1993).&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal | author=Agnes Muriungi | title=Narrative, contradiction and HIV/AIDS in Kenya: The Case of Carolyne Adalla's Confessions of an Aids Victim | journal=Scrutiny2 | volume=10 | issue=2 | pages=57–68 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal | author=Marie Krüger | title=Narrative in the time of AIDS: postcolonial Kenyan women's literature | url=https://archive.org/details/sim_research-in-african-literatures_spring-2004_35_1/page/108 | journal=Research in African Literatures | volume=35 | issue=1 | pages=108–129 | date=Spring 2004 | doi=10.1353/ral.2004.0018 | s2cid=145302340 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=Muindu&gt;{{cite journal | author=Japheth Peter Muindu | title=Negotiating Disruption in Carolyne Adalla's ''Confessions of AIDS Victim'' and Wahome Mutahi's ''The House of Doom'' | journal=International Journal of English Literature and Social Sciences | volume=5 | issue=5 | date=Sep–Oct 2020 | url=https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/1IJELS-108202040-Negotiating.pdf }}&lt;/ref&gt;


Carolyne Adalla jibinaa nɗer [[Kenya]]. Goomu mo SIDA wallituɗo on o wi'i ɗum ko haala gootol. Catherine Njeri, mo laatiiɗo nɗer lesdi ndin, heɓii nyau ndu AIDS, o waawi ɓeydaaɗe janngude nder lesdi Amurkaa.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal | title=Four Short Novels from Africa dealing with HIV/AIDS | journal=Mots Pluriels | volume=1 | issue=3 | url=https://motspluriels.arts.uwa.edu.au/MP3974li.html }}&lt;/ref&gt;


== Kuugal ==

* jaɓɓorgo goɗɗo mo nyawɗo nyawɗum AIDS. Nairobi: Kooftaɓe nɗer Afrik fuunaaŋge, 1993.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Adalla |first=Carolyne |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PZxAAQAAIAAJ |title=Confessions of an AIDS Victim |date=1993 |publisher=Spear Books |isbn=978-9966-46-846-8 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Hiimoɓe ==
{{Reflist}}</text>
      <sha1>imlpgntsmyctjkuqhygp5vtvqxwt27a</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Charlotte Agell</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>7098</id>
    <revision>
      <id>183491</id>
      <parentid>111162</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-20T14:03:52Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>6960</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Add 15 books for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260820sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]]</comment>
      <origin>183491</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="19325" sha1="k7n58jk39t37ry4we724i6e6khpnlas" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}

'''Charlotte Agell''' (e nyalde 7 lewru Septemmba hitaande 1959) ko winndaako [[Aameerik|Amerik]] mo jibinaa e Swidin ngam mawɓe mawɓe e sukaaɓe, hannde o jooɗii e Maine. Wano ɗiɗaɓo romanji maako, Shift, wondi nder koode ɓooyɗe nder Brunswick Times Record nder lewru Oktoobar nder ndungu 2008. Ha darnde e nder defte ɓiyɗe e defte ɓii-ɓiyɗe, Charlotte Agell ɗon ekkitina nder Maine.&lt;ref name=&quot;Brogan, Beth&quot;&gt;{{cite news|last1=Brogan|first1=Beth|title=Local author Agell takes 'long walk in toxic wilderness' with 'Shift'|url=http://charlotteagell.com/shift_btr_article.pdf|accessdate=8 September 2014|work=Times Record|date=17 October 2008|location=Brunswick, ME|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130323010101/http://www.charlotteagell.com/shift_btr_article.pdf|archivedate=23 March 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Agell kadi winndi e nate defte natal ngam sukaaɓe tokosɓe.&lt;ref name=&quot;Contemporary Authors Online&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|title=Charlotte Agell|journal=Contemporary Authors Online|date=2011-09-01|publisher=Gale|location=Detroit}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ngeendam ==

=== Nguurndam gadano ===
Agell jibinaa ko to Norsjö, to leydi Suwed, ñalnde 7 suwee 1959.&lt;ref name=&quot;Contemporary Authors Online&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Nelson, Sophie&quot;&gt;{{cite news|last1=Nelson|first1=Sophie|title=Charlotte Agell|url=http://themainemag.com/people/q-a-a/2242-charlotte-agell.html|accessdate=8 September 2014|work=Maine Magazine|date=May 2013|archive-date=14 October 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141014161050/http://themainemag.com/people/q-a-a/2242-charlotte-agell.html|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ko o ɓiy jom ngalu biyeteeɗo Christer L. Agell e naalanke; Margareta &quot;Meta&quot; Makdonald. Mawniiko gorko, hono Hugo K. Segerborg, ko gardiiɗo duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Suwed.&lt;ref name=&quot;Contemporary Authors Online&quot; /&gt; Nde o naamndaa ko fayti e cukaagu makko, Agell wiyi &quot;ko sahaa fof won ko rokkata mi kaɓirɗe naalankaagal.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;Keyes, Bob&quot;&gt;{{cite news|last1=Keyes|first1=Bob|title=Monumental 'Shift': Charlotte Agell's young-adult novel takes its readers seriously with its imagining of an American run by a controlling, fundamentalist regime.|url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P1-159482425.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150328134625/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P1-159482425.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=28 March 2015|accessdate=8 September 2014|work=Portland Press Herald|date=14 December 2008|location=Portland, ME|page=C.8}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ɓesngu makko ummiima Montreal, Kebek, Kanadaa; nde o heɓi duuɓi ɗiɗi; ɗo miñiiko Karl e miñiiko debbo biyeteeɗo Anna njibinaa. O naati duɗal leslesal Carlyle&lt;ref name=&quot;Keyes, Bob&quot; /&gt; ɗo o janngi ɗemngal Engele, o heɗii daartol Maine e sehilaaɓe makko Angalteer-Kanada e Farayse-Kanada.&lt;ref name=&quot;Agell, Charlotte (About Page)&quot;&gt;{{cite web|last1=Agell|first1=Charlotte|title=Charlotte Agell, Author &amp; Illustrator|url=http://www.charlotteagell.com/about.html|website=Charlotte Agell Official Website|accessdate=8 September 2014|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140930232731/http://charlotteagell.com/about.html|archivedate=30 September 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; O wonti jiɗɗo Maine ko ɗuum waɗi o winndi daartol waɗngol to Halibut, Maine; wuro fenaande ngo o miijotoo ko kanko woni hooreejo makko, suka gorko mo gite mum boɗeeje ina nannga liɗɗi ngam ñaamde.&lt;ref name=&quot;Keyes, Bob&quot; /&gt;

E duuɓi sappo e go’o, ɓesngu Agell ummii Kanadaa, arti Suwed (to ɓe ngoni ɗoo seeɗa) caggal ɗuum ɓe payi Hong Kong . O heɓi bak makko ko e duɗal misiyoŋaaji Lutheran; Duɗal hakkunde leyɗeele Hong Kong;&lt;ref name=&quot;Agell, Charlotte (About Page)&quot; /&gt; ngal o wiyi ina jokkondiri e ekkol ekumenikal udditiiɗo hakkille.&lt;ref name=&quot;Brogan, Beth&quot; /&gt;

Ko o nanondiral e yumma makko, Agell ɗaɓɓiri to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Bowdoin to Brunswick, ngam jaɓeede ko yaawi. E nder nokku ɗo o yaltata duɗal ngam yahde hitch-hiking stint e gorko makko, o ummiima Hong Kong o ari Maine e hitaande 1977. O nanii ɗoon e ɗoon o woni e galle, o woni ko e diiwaan hee gila ndeen. E siftorde daartol cukaagu makko, o naamndii so tawii o &quot;winndii hoore makko e nder dowla.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;Nelson, Sophie&quot; /&gt;

Agell heɓi bakkaa mum to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Bowdoin e hitaande 1981, ɗo o janngi naalankaagal&lt;ref name=&quot;Keyes, Bob&quot; /&gt;, o heɓi dipoloma makko Bachelor of Arts e jaŋde.&lt;ref name=&quot;Contemporary Authors Online&quot; /&gt; Caggal ɗuum o heɓi seedantaagal janngingol to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Southern Maine, o heɓi kadi seedantaagal jaŋde to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Harvard e hitaande 1986.&lt;ref name=&quot;Contemporary Authors Online&quot; /&gt;

Agell wonti ɓiyleydi Amerik e kitaale 1990.&lt;ref name=&quot;Contemporary Authors Online&quot; /&gt;

Agell jannginii jaŋde ɗemɗe keewɗe e pine keewɗe to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Portland, Portland, ME&lt;ref name=&quot;Nelson, Sophie&quot; /&gt;, o hoɗi ko e gure keewɗe to Maine hade makko hoɗde to Brunswick e jom suudu makko Peter J. Simmons, gardiiɗo naalankaagal e gardiiɗo jarde. Kanko e Peter ɓe ndañi ɓiɓɓe ɗiɗo, Anna e Jon.&lt;ref name=&quot;Contemporary Authors Online&quot; /&gt;

Yanti e golle makko e binndol e nate, Agell ko jannginoowo e nder porogaraam gannde ɗemɗe baawɗe e baawɗe to duɗal hakkundeewal Harrison to Yarmouth.&lt;ref name=&quot;In the Arts&quot;&gt;{{cite news|last1=Keyes|first1=Bob|title=In the Arts|work=Portland Press Herald|issue=Final Edition|date=21 March 2004|location=Portland, ME|page=2E}}&lt;/ref&gt; O wiyi o tawi &quot;leñol&quot; makko e sukaaɓe janngooɓe hakkundeejo.&lt;ref name=&quot;Contemporary Authors Online&quot; /&gt; O waɗii kadi golle sukaaɓe e mawɓe e nder kewuuji binndol ceertuɗi e nder diiwaan hee kala,&lt;ref name=&quot;Contemporary Authors Online&quot; /&gt; ina jeyaa heen Duɗal karallaagal Haystack Mountain&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=Writers alliance plans retreat for September|work=Portland Press Herald|issue=Final Edition|date=31 July 2005|location=Portland, ME|page=E8}}&lt;/ref&gt; to Deer Isle. O woniino kadi tergal e fedde winndooɓe e bayyinooɓe Maine.

=== Golle binndol ===
Dancing Feet (1994) ko daartol rimɗingol ko fayti e golle koyɗe, juuɗe, nofru, koyɗe e hunuko.&lt;ref name=&quot;Cooper, Ilene&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|last1=Cooper|first1=Ilene|title=Dancing Feet|journal=Booklist|date=July 1994|volume=90|issue=21|page=1952|publisher=Canadian Periodicals Index Quarterly}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;McKinstry, Lesley&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|last1=McKinstry|first1=Lesley|title=Dancing Feet|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_school-library-journal_1994-05_40_5/page/84|journal=School Library Journal|date=May 1994|volume=40|issue=5|page=84}}&lt;/ref&gt; Binndol ngol ina yahdi e nate koloor ndiyam kollitooje nanndugol e ceertugol yimɓe ummoriiɓe e leƴƴi keewɗi e hollirde nafoore Agell e jaŋde pine keewɗe.&lt;ref name=&quot;Cooper, Ilene&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;McKinstry, Lesley&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Publishers Weekly&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|title=Dancing Feet|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_publishers-weekly_1994-03-28_241_13/page/95|journal=Publishers Weekly|date=28 March 1994|volume=241|issue=13|page=95}}&lt;/ref&gt; Gooto e ƴeewtooɓe tawi natal ngal ina yahra e &quot;suggestively simple haa e excessively cartoonish.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;Publishers Weekly&quot; /&gt; Kono, ƴeewtooɓe woɗɓe tawi deftere nde ina weltini janngeede e suɓaade moƴƴere ngam waktuuji daartol.&lt;ref name=&quot;Cooper, Ilene&quot; /&gt; Wasiyaaji ngam duuɓi 3–7.&lt;ref name=&quot;Publishers Weekly&quot; /&gt;

To Islaam (1999) e Up the Mountain (2000) kam en fof ina kollita sehilaaɓe nayo : Dragon, Cat, Chicken e Rabbit ɓe ngoni ko e ƴeewde ko taarii ɗum en.&lt;ref name=&quot;Contemporary Authors Online&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Sherif, Sue&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|last1=Sherif|first1=Sue|title=Up the Mountain (Book Review)|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_school-library-journal_2000-05_46_5/page/126|journal=School Library Journal|date=May 2000|volume=46|issue=5|page=126}}&lt;/ref&gt; E nder To the Island, wasiyaade wonande duuɓi 3–5, sehilaaɓe nayo ɓee ina njaha e duunde ɓadtiinde ngam waɗde piknik. Daartol ngol Donna Gold mo Portland Press Herald siftini ɗum wonde &quot;wonaa ko majjere, wonaa kadi teddungal,&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;Gold, Donna&quot;&gt;{{cite news|last1=Gold|first1=Donna|title=Hello, Young reader. The best children's books written and illustrated by Mainers are wonders to read--and behold.|work=Portland Press Herald|issue=City Edition|date=13 December 1998|location=Portland, ME|page=6E}}&lt;/ref&gt; e binndol potngol wonande janngooɓe fuɗɗotooɓe e nate ɗe, e kuutoragol kalaaji cemmbinɗi, ina kollita sahaa weltaare jokkondirɗo e sehilaaɓe.&lt;ref name=&quot;Contemporary Authors Online&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Gold, Donna&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Zvirin, Stephanie&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|last1=Zvirin|first1=Stephanie|title=To the Island|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_booklist_1998-11-01_95_5/page/500|journal=Booklist|date=1 November 1998|volume=95|issue=5|page=500|publisher=Canadian Periodicals Index Quarterly}}&lt;/ref&gt;

E nder Agell's Up the Mountain, nayi ɗii njalti ñalnde toɓo ngam yahde dow tulde.&lt;ref name=&quot;Contemporary Authors Online&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=New Books of Maine|work=Portland Press Herald|issue=City Edition|date=27 February 2000|location=Portland, ME|page=10E}}&lt;/ref&gt; Adventure oo, ina wiyee, &quot;ina famɗi no feewi wonande sukaaɓe wonɓe e damal toowngal e nder renndo ngo&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|title=Forecasts: Children's Books|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_publishers-weekly_2000-03-13_247_11/page/83|journal=Publishers Weekly|date=13 March 2000|volume=247|issue=11|page=83}}&lt;/ref&gt; (nayi ɗii tan ina njaha haa dow tulde ndee e caggal), kono ƴeewtooɓe ɓee ina kawri wonde jimɗi koyɗi ɗii e nate ɗee, peeñninaaɗe e tinta, e koloor ndiyam e pastel, ina moƴƴi e sukaaɓe&lt;ref name=&quot;Sherif, Sue&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Rosenfeld, Shelle&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|last1=Rosenfeld|first1=Shelle|title=Up the Mountain|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_booklist_2000-05-15_96_18/page/1747|journal=Booklist|date=15 May 2000|volume=96|issue=18|page=1747}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Duuɓi 2–5 ina njiɗi.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|title=Up the Mountain|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_publishers-weekly_2000-03-13_247_11/page/83|journal=Publishers Weekly|date=13 March 2000|volume=247|issue=11|page=83}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Jaɓɓaade galle walla nokku hono mum (2003), deftere Agell adannde,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=Signings, etc. - Charlotte Agell|work=Portland Press Herald|issue=Final Edition|date=2 November 2003|location=Portland, ME|page=14E}}&lt;/ref&gt; ko daartol semi-autobiographique&lt;ref name=&quot;Macmillan Publishers&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=Charlotte Agell|url=http://us.macmillan.com/author/charlotteagell|publisher=Macmillan Publishers|accessdate=9 September 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; haalaaɗo e humpitooji Aggie Wing, jahroowo e duuɓi 13. Aggie e miñi mum, Thorne, ina njogori janngude no mbaawirta haɓde e nguurndam to Ludwig, Maine caggal nde yumma maɓɓe, binndoowo romance, jippini ɓe toon, yaltuɗo ngam waɗde wiɗtooji to Niagara Falls. Sukaaɓe ɗiɗo ɓee njippiima no feewi, jooni noon ina haani ɓe njannga wuurdude e mawniiko gorko mo duuɓi 91.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|title=Welcome Home or Someplace Like It|journal=Kirkus Reviews|date=October 2003|page=1219|publisher=Kirkus Media, LLC}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Phelan03&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|last1=Phelan|first1=Carolyn|title=Agell, Charlotte. Welcome Home or Someplace Like It|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_booklist_2003-11-15_100_6/page/607|journal=Booklist|date=15 November 2003|volume=100|issue=6|page=607|publisher=Canadian Periodicals Index Quarterly}}&lt;/ref&gt; Teemedde e nder deftere nde ina jeyaa heen accude,&lt;ref name=&quot;Roback, Diane&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|last1=Roback|first1=Diane|last2=Brown|first2=Jennifer M.|last3=Bean|first3=Joy|last4=Zaleski|first4=Jeff|title=Welcome Home or Someplace Like It|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_publishers-weekly_2003-11-24_250_47/page/65|journal=Publishers Weekly|date=24 November 2003|volume=250|issue=47|page=65}}&lt;/ref&gt; jaambaraagal,&lt;ref name=&quot;Macmillan Publishers&quot; /&gt; renndo,&lt;ref name=&quot;Phelan03&quot; /&gt; ɓesngu&lt;ref name=&quot;Geskus, Elsa&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|last1=Geskus|first1=Elsa|title=Review of Welcome Home or Someplace Like It|journal=Childhood Education|date=22 March 2004|page=161}}&lt;/ref&gt; e yiytude galle.&lt;ref name=&quot;Phelan03&quot; /&gt; Elsa Geskus, e nder Jaŋde Cukaagu, siftinii deftere nde ko daartol gargol duuɓi&lt;ref name=&quot;Geskus, Elsa&quot; /&gt; e Barbara Auerbach hollitii e nder jaaynde defterdu duɗal, deftere nde ina jogii &quot;jikkuuji tiiɗɗi e keɓtinirɗi; pacing moƴƴo; e&lt;ref name=&quot;Auerbach, Barbara&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|last1=Auerbach|first1=Barbara|title=Agell, Charlotte. Welcome Home or Someplace Like It|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_school-library-journal_2003-11_49_11/page/134|journal=School Library Journal|date=November 2003|volume=49|issue=11|page=134|publisher=Canadian Periodicals Index Quarterly}}&lt;/ref&gt; Jaɓɓaade galle walla nokku gooto hono no ɗum nanndiraa e Polly Horvath mo The Canning Season.&lt;ref name=&quot;Roback, Diane&quot; /&gt; Wasiyaaji wonande duuɓi 12 e dow.&lt;ref name=&quot;Geskus, Elsa&quot; /&gt;

Deftere Agell nde distopiyanke&lt;ref name=&quot;Keyes, Bob&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Kirkus Reviews: Shift&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|title=Agell, Charlotte: SHIFT|journal=Kirkus Reviews|date=1 August 2008}}&lt;/ref&gt;, Shift (2008), ƴetti tonngoode jaɓnde ɓurnde niɓɓiɗde e defte makko ɓennuɗe ɗee,&lt;ref name=&quot;Brogan, Beth&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Contemporary Authors Online&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Macmillan Publishers&quot; /&gt; winndaaɗe caggal njanguuji baɗnooɗi to Amerik ñalnde 11 Septemmba 2001.&lt;ref name=&quot;Keyes, Bob&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Macmillan Publishers&quot; /&gt; Agell nanii mettere nde laamu Amerik jaabtii ɗeen kewuuji. &quot;Mbele ko goonga leydi am ina bommboo laawol mum feewde e jam? Wiretapping ɓiɓɓe leydi mum ngam reende ndimaagu mum en?&quot; o winndi e yeewtere nde o waɗdunoo e Macmillan Publishers, &quot;Ko mi neɗɗo suɓiiɗo ɓiyleydaagu Amerik e anniya, nde ngon-mi mawɗo, miɗo felliti wonde ko wayi no janfa. Leydi am ndii ina joginoo laamu kulɓiniingu: ngu men. Huunde ndee fof ina joginoo sifaa surreal e dow mayre.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;Macmillan Publishers&quot; /&gt;

Agell ƴetti tikkere mum e nder deftere nde, o yuurnitii tiitooɗe ko wayi no ndimaagu neɗɗo,&lt;ref name=&quot;Macmillan Publishers&quot; /&gt; jogaade laamu,&lt;ref name=&quot;Contemporary Authors Online&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Kirkus Reviews: Shift&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Cole, Aimee (Shift)&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|last1=Cole|first1=Aimee|title=Agell, Charlotte. Shift.|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_kliatt_2008-09_42_5/page/5|journal=Kliatt|date=September 2008|volume=42|issue=5|page=5}}&lt;/ref&gt; seerndude ekkol e dowla,&lt;ref name=&quot;Brogan, Beth&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Contemporary Authors Online&quot; /&gt; diine,&lt;ref name=&quot;Brogan, Beth&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Cooper, Ilene (Shift)&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|last1=Cooper|first1=Ilene|title=Shift|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_booklist_2008-10-15_105_4/page/38|journal=Booklist|date=15 October 2008|volume=105|issue=4|page=38}}&lt;/ref&gt; ganndal&lt;ref name=&quot;Kirkus Reviews: Shift&quot; /&gt; e ƴellitaare,&lt;ref name=&quot;Macmillan Publishers&quot; /&gt; e anndinde,&lt;ref name=&quot;Macmillan Publishers&quot; /&gt; e mbaydi,&lt;ref name=&quot;Contemporary Authors Online&quot; /&gt; no protagonist mo duuɓi 15 e si Shriek, foti ko waɗde maanaa e nder aduna mo &quot;yalti e whack.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;Contemporary Authors Online&quot; /&gt; Aduna mo ɓe njahrata e mum e nder Shift ko leyɗeele dentuɗe Amerik Kerecee’en feccere caggal nukliyeer&lt;ref name=&quot;Kirkus Reviews: Shift&quot; /&gt; ɗe gollotooɓe e Homestate njiimi,&lt;ref name=&quot;Lewis, Johanna&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|last1=Lewis|first1=Johanna|title=Agell, Charlotte. Shift.|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_school-library-journal_2009-01_55_1/page/n155|journal=School Library Journal|date=January 2009|volume=55|issue=1|page=98}}&lt;/ref&gt; ina nanndi e hitaande 1984 (George Orwell), The Stand (Stephen King) e The Road (Cormac McCarthy).&lt;ref name=&quot;Brogan, Beth&quot; /&gt;

Agell ina yi’a Shift ko haala jeertinaaka.&lt;ref name=&quot;Brogan, Beth&quot; /&gt; Yiylotooɓe ina njiytoo deftere nde ina miijotoo, ina janngee&lt;ref name=&quot;Kirkus Reviews: Shift&quot; /&gt; wonande sukaaɓe mawɓe yiɗɓe nde,&lt;ref name=&quot;Contemporary Authors Online&quot; /&gt; hay so tawii won heen ina njiytoo heen ko ina jiiɓi&lt;ref name=&quot;Kirkus Reviews: Shift&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Cooper, Ilene (Shift)&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Lewis, Johanna&quot; /&gt;, ina ƴetta heen geɗe nannduɗe e ko luulndii Kerecee’en.&lt;ref name=&quot;Contemporary Authors Online&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Cooper, Ilene (Shift)&quot; /&gt; Agell jaɓaani ngool miijo, o wiyi e jikku makko Lenore, &quot;Alla ina yiɗi en miijaade.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;Brogan, Beth&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Macmillan Publishers&quot; /&gt; Agell ina yiɗi wonde, e nder deftere ndee e nder nguurndam goonga, ngool miijo ina ummina luural.&lt;ref name=&quot;Macmillan Publishers&quot; /&gt; Agell yiɗi janngooɓe mum njannga naamnaade &quot;ko woni so&quot; e ƴellitde karallaagal miijaade e koye mum en, tawa ko e diineeji mum en.&lt;ref name=&quot;Brogan, Beth&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Macmillan Publishers&quot; /&gt;

E lewru marse 2011, Shift ƴettaa ngam dingiral Al Miller, o waɗi ɗum e nder eɓɓoore tiyaataar (peewnugol sosiyetee sukaaɓe), to Brunswick, ME.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=Art and Theater: Listings|url=http://www.pressherald.com/2011/03/17/art-and-theater_2011-03-17/|accessdate=10 September 2014|work=Portland Press Herald|date=17 March 2011|location=Portland, ME}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=Cast &amp; Crew|url=http://www.castandcrew.org/issue_pdfs/Cast_and_Crew_Feb_2011.pdf|accessdate=10 September 2014|issue=118|date=February 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Agell winndi e nder deftere mum, ko fayti e nguurndam suka debbo jahroowo e duuɓi 4, biyeteeɗo India McAllister, mawnuɗo e nder wuro tokooso to Maine.&lt;ref name=&quot;Kirkus Reviews&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|title=The Accidental Adventures of India McAllister by Charlotte Agell|journal=Kirkus Reviews|date=22 July 2010|publisher=Kirkus Media, LLC}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tiitooɗe deftere nde ina mbaɗi ƴettugol sukaaɓe,&lt;ref name=&quot;Kirkus Reviews&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Phelan10&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|last1=Phelan|first1=Carolyn|title=The Accidental Adventures of India McAllister by Charlotte Agell|journal=Booklist|date=July 2010|pages=55–56}}&lt;/ref&gt; sehilaagal,&lt;ref name=&quot;Phelan10&quot; /&gt; ngarke ɓernde,&lt;ref name=&quot;Phelan03&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Johnston, Charlotte M.&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|last1=Johnston|first1=Charlotte M.|title=The Accidental Adventures of India McAllister|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_school-library-journal_2010-07_56_7/page/54|journal=School Library Journal|date=July 2010|volume=56|issue=7|page=54}}&lt;/ref&gt; jokkere enɗam&lt;ref name=&quot;Phelan10&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Kirkus Reviews&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Johnston, Charlotte M.&quot; /&gt; e ceergal&lt;ref name=&quot;Phelan03&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Johnston, Charlotte M.&quot; /&gt; ɗe njiylotoo ko e nder deftere nde fof ko geɗe gaadoraaɗe e nder nguurndam suka debbo tokooso oo.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|title=The Accidental Adventures of India McAllister|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_publishers-weekly_2010-07-19_257_28/page/n137|journal=Publishers Weekly|date=19 July 2010|volume=257|issue=28|page=130}}&lt;/ref&gt; Binndol ngol ina wondi e nate diidi Inndo (Agell).&lt;ref name=&quot;Kirkus Reviews&quot; /&gt; Gooto e ƴeewtooɓe ɓee ñiŋii deftere nde no feewi, nde tawnoo ko ɓuri heewde e geɗe ɗe Inndo hawri e deftere nde, ɗe njuumtaani.&lt;ref name=&quot;Johnston, Charlotte M.&quot; /&gt; Wasiyaaji sukaaɓe yahrooɓe e duuɓi 8–11, The Accidental Adventure of India McAllister inniraama e nder defte sappo ɓurɗe mawnude e GLBTQ ngam sukaaɓe janngooɓe e fedde defte Ameriknaare 2011 Rainbow Project.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|title=The Accidental Adventures of India McAllister by Charlotte Agell|journal=Gay Parent Magazine|date=March–April 2011|pages=17–18}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Hiimobe==
{{Reflist}}
[[Category:Stub]]</text>
      <sha1>k7n58jk39t37ry4we724i6e6khpnlas</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Service animal</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>7690</id>
    <revision>
      <id>183503</id>
      <parentid>168864</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-20T14:22:34Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>6960</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260820sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]]</comment>
      <origin>183503</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="26703" sha1="mfr77jpogke8dgb38at7y8aooispww2" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}
[[File:Gate(3),Animal Quarantine Service (yokohama).jpg|thumb|won heen feccere e Sarwiis karantina Daabaaji]]
[[File:185A6992.jpg|thumb|won heen geɗel e golle daabaaji]]
'''Service animal'''Cuuɗo gooduɗo kuugal ngal, ɗum jannginaama ngam o riiwi bootere ngam o haɓɓita dammugal elektriki ngam joomu maako mo ɗon huutoreeɗo jooɗorgal ɓoggi.]]
dabba'en kuwgal woni dabbaa'en kuuwol ɗi ɓe njanngini ngam huuwugo kuugalji ɗi walli [[Yimɓe Yarbanko'en|yimɓe]] ɓe mbaadi.
[[File:Emmet_Practices_Opening_a_Power_Door.jpg|thumb|
Duule kuugal waawaa kadi noddaade dabbaaji kuugal walla '''dabbaaji wallitooɓe''', dependi e leydi e kuugal dabbaaji. Dogs ko dabbaaji kuugal ɓurɗi wallitde, ɓe walli yimɓe diga ko ɓuri heewde 1927.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|last=Harrison Eustis|first=Dorothy|authorlink=Dorothy Harrison Eustis|title=The Seeing Eye|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_saturday-evening-post_1927-11-05_200_19/page/43|journal=Saturday Evening Post|date=November 5, 1927|pages=43}}&lt;/ref&gt;]]

Ɗe'e feere-feere ɗon woodi baylitol ngam [[dabbaaji]] kuwgal. Sariyaji e siyaasaji feere feere waawi holla ''dabbaaji kuugal'' ɓurɗe ɓesdaade, amma ɓe ɗon hawtaay bee dabbaaji jaɓugo ɓernde, dabbaaji ɓernde, malla dabbaaji njamɗam.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last1=Weber|first1=David|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=X1YFEAAAQBAJ&amp;dq=exclude+a+service+dog+safety&amp;pg=PT250|title=Mayhall's Hospital Epidemiology and Infection Prevention|last2=Talbot|first2=Tom|date=2020-10-27|publisher=Lippincott Williams &amp; Wilkins|isbn=978-1-9751-2459-5|language=en|quote=Emotional support animals, comfort animals, and therapy animals do not qualify as service animals...}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Lawol dow dabbaaji kuugal feere feere feere e [[leydi]]. Misaal, nder [[Japan|Japon]], dokkal ɗon holla foondiral nder ekkitinol e jaɓɓorgo dabbaaji kuugal. Nder United States, dabbaaji kuugal ɗon haaji nder nokkuuje nder ummaatoore, koo to dabbaaji ɗon haaji.

== Kootol ==
Dabba kuugal woni dabbaaji ɗi ɓe njanngini ngam wallude neɗɗo mo limce. Dentuɗo on fotaani anndinoore ngam waɗugo kuugal ngal hawti e ɓeydaare mo, ɗun ɓeyda ko anndinoore nden ko ɓeydaani anndinooje ɗe nyawdi on heɓata&lt;ref&gt;[https://law.justia.com/cases/federal/district-courts/FSupp2/268/973/2473343/ Access Now, Inc. v. Town of Jasper], Tennessee, 268 F. Supp. 2d 973 (E.D. Tenn. 2003).&lt;/ref&gt; e anndinoore ɗe nyawdu on heɓata.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Schaffner|first=Joan|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=e1gyn_OJKlsC|title=Litigating Animal Law Disputes: A Complete Guide for Lawyers|date=2009|publisher=American Bar Association|isbn=978-1-60442-001-2|pages=270–271|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;[https://law.justia.com/cases/federal/district-courts/FSupp2/268/973/2473343/ Access Now, Inc. v. Town of Jasper], Tennessee, 268 F. Supp. 2d 973 (E.D. Tenn. 2003).&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;:22&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last1=Papalia|first1=Anne O.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_pl8EAAAQBAJ&amp;dq=exclude+a+service+dog+safety&amp;pg=PA13|title=Service Animals in Schools: Legal, Educational, Administrative, and Strategic Handling Aspects|last2=Ewoldt|first2=Kathy B.|last3=Bateman|first3=David F.|date=2022-07-27|publisher=Rowman &amp; Littlefield|isbn=978-1-5381-5822-7|pages=13–19|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Yimɓe caahuɓe ɓe ɗon walli dabbaaji ɓe ɗon wallita dabbaaji ɗi ɗon walli:&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.iaadp.org/A-dogWorld.html|title=The World of Assistance Dogs|publisher=International Association of Assistance Dog Partners|access-date=October 17, 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070910223240/http://www.iaadp.org/A-dogWorld.html|archive-date=September 10, 2007}}&lt;/ref&gt;

* Duubaaji ndokka yimɓe laawol, ɓe ndokka yimɓe wumɓe laawol.
* Duuɓuɓe nanngooɓe, ɗi ɗon holla nanngooje nanngooji; e
* Dentuɓe kuugal, ɓe kuugal ngam yimɓe ɓe ɓe mari limce feere feere to wumɓe malla wumɓe.

Nder leydi Amerika, kalfinaaji kuugal hawti e ko tati nder ɗiiɗoo ɗemɗe (koyɗo jaajotooɗo, koyɗo nanngooɗo, kowo kuugal). Ley American with Disabilities Act holli ko &quot;ko doge ɗe ɓe njanngina ngam waɗugo kuugal walla waɗugo kuje ngam yimɓe ɓe mbaawɓe limce&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; Ɓeydi, Act of Air Carrier Access Act taƴii ko ɗum woni ''dabbaaji kuugal'' haa dabbaaji ɓeydi ɓeydi kuugal e dabbaaji feere. Ndee ko'e jaayndeeji ina haani jaajde dokumentaaji feere e ɓurɗi ɓeydaade ngam ESA'en be ko'e dabbaaji feere.&lt;ref name=&quot;ada.gov2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=February 28, 2020|title=ADA Requirements: Service Animals|url=https://www.ada.gov/resources/service-animals-2010-requirements/|publisher=US Department of Justice}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;https://www.transportation.gov/sites/dot.gov/files/docs/P3.SA_.HUD%20Matrix.6-28-6.pdf {{Bare URL PDF|date=March 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Kuugal dabbaaji kuugal ==
Yimɓe ɓe waawi heɓugo dabbaaji kuugal ɓe mbaawata ɓaleeje ɓanndu e/ko ɓernde.

Dabba jaggi woni dabbaaji ɗi ɓe ɗon limta ngam wallude neɗɗo mo ɓe ɗon yi'a ngam yahugo nder ummaatoore. Ɗe dabbaaji ɗi'e mbaawata anndugo waylude dammugal, anndugo laabi laawol, hoolaago joomumɓe maɓɓe nder laawol ummaatoore, e jaangooɓe nder yimɓe. Dabba moolitaandu waawaa waɗugo kuugal ngal nootiral ngam neɗɗo mo woodi limce ɓandu, bana bana wallude e hawtaade e ɓaawo, walla warugo ko'e maɓɓaaɗe walla ko'e yiɗi. Woɓɓe maɓɓe ɗon ɓeya ngam ɓe ɓooyli ɓoggi mawɗi.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt; Duubaaji nanngooɓe ɗon njanngina ngam wallude '''Yimɓe nanngooɓe''' booɓe. Ɗe dabbaaji ɗi'e waawaa anndinoore ngam jaabugo to dammugal, to fonngo, to haɓɓugo jeyɓe maɓɓe to goɗɗo ɗon wolwugo bee maɓɓe.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt; Duubaaji ɓernde ɗonno waawi anndingo ngam ɓe mbaɗata nyauɓe ɓernde ngam ɓe mbaɗa bana no ɓe ɗaɓɓita dow neɗɗo mo ɓe mbaɗataa ɓernde ɓernde ɓaawo ɓernde, ɓernde ɓurɗe ɓernde, koo ɓernde ɓurnde. Ɓe waawaa anndugo ngam halki kuuɗe kalluɗe (misaal, ɓanndu ɓanndu).&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt; Bana non, '''dabbaaji autism''' ɓaawo ɗon ɓe ɗon haɓɓita ngam anndugo e jaabugo haajugo yimɓe be nyau autism; woɓɓe yimɓe be ASD ɗon wi'a ɓe ɓurii belɗum hawtaago bee dabbaaji ɓaawo hakkilɓe yimɓe ngam daliila daliila hawtaaki e gite, hawtaaki, e hawtaaki.   [nanndi ko haani] Dentuɓe kuugal kuugal kuungal ina waawi wallude e kuugal kuɗol kuugal kuutorgal kuugal kuɓɓol to nokkuure nde kuugal kuutirtee, jaɓugo lekki walla kuugal feere haani, walla hokkude yimɓe feere ha haalude kuugal kuural; woɓɓe waawaa haa ɓe njanngina ngam nodda kuugal kuulum to naftoraade telefonnde e ɓesngu ɓesngu. Dentuɓe kuugal waawaa kadi anndinoore ngam anndino yimɓe dow wonde allergen.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;

=== Fuuɗuki e dabbaaji e dabbaaje ngam wallugo ɓernde ===
Dentuɓe kuugal ɗon hokkata boo haɓɓuki haɓɓuki e haɓɓuki ɓernde ngam marɓe ɓe mbaawata yaasi ngam daliila ɓaawo; ammaa haɓɓuki hawki e haɓɓugo ɓernde wonaa kuugal anndal ngal haɓɓuki dabbaaji bana dabbaaji kuugal.

Nder US, ɗum je je je je haani ha wurtinki dabbaaji to nokkuuje ɗe je je je ɗon haani dabbaaji ngam ngam ɗum hokkata haandi malla wallugo ɓernde. Ɓeydi, wi'ugo wonde dabbaaji gooduɗi e ɓernde walla dabbaaji woni dabbaaji kuugal ɗum ko hakke.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|last1=Wisch|first1=Rebecca|title=Table of State Service Animal Laws|url=https://www.animallaw.info/topic/table-state-assistance-animal-laws|access-date=19 June 2021|website=Animal Legal and Historical Center|publisher=Michigan State University College of Law}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Limtinki ===
Dabbaji kuugal fotaaki yahugo to nokkuuje fuu, ɓurɗum to woodi daliilaji njamndi. Goɗɗe kuuɗe waawaa wonde ko haɗata ko'e ɓiyiiko (misaal, ko'e nder ɓooyi, ko'en mbaawaa hebbugo ɓooyi njogiiɗi ngam ɓiyiiko), e nder haala feere, ɓiyiiko'en waawaa sabaabu caɗeele njogiiɗe (misaal: e nder waddugo ko'e njogiiɗum nder suudu nder suudu suudu, malla to ɓeydaare ɓeydaari ɓeydaade ɓeydaaru ɓeydaaku ɓeydaaraare ngam kuuje).&lt;ref name=&quot;:42&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last1=Weber|first1=David|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=X1YFEAAAQBAJ&amp;dq=exclude+a+service+dog+safety&amp;pg=PT250|title=Mayhall's Hospital Epidemiology and Infection Prevention|last2=Talbot|first2=Tom|date=2020-10-27|publisher=Lippincott Williams &amp; Wilkins|isbn=978-1-9751-2459-5|language=en|chapter=Service Animals in Healthcare Facilities}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Koo to dabbaaji kuugal fuu njaɓaama, dabbaaji kuuɗugo feere feere footi yaajugo ngam kuuɗe maako boo. Misaalu, e nder US, doge'en kuugal goɗɗe ɗon nder leyɗe ngam ɓe ɗonno hawtoraaki bee ko'e maɓɓe (misaal, ngam ɓe ɗonnaaki bee yimɓe boo ɓe ɗonnoo bee ko'en feere), ngam doge'e ɗonnoo ɗonnooɗum (misaal , wakkati mo ɗonnooɗi ɗonnooɓe ɗonnooɗa ngam yahugo), ngam ɓe ɗonnaa nyau nyau, bana bana non, ngam ɓe ɗowtoraaki, bana non boo ɓe ɗonni nder nokkuuje ɗe mbaawataa.

nokkuuje goɗɗe, dabbaaji kuugal nder nder nder nder limce woodi hakkilooji go'o ngam natta nokkuure bana dabbaaji kuuɓal ɗi ɗon kuugal e nder nder nder nokkuuje go'o, ɓe mbaawataa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Schaffner|first=Joan|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=e1gyn_OJKlsC|title=Litigating Animal Law Disputes: A Complete Guide for Lawyers|date=2009|publisher=American Bar Association|isbn=978-1-60442-001-2|pages=272|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Jaɓɓorgo Kewuuji ==
Yimɓe kuugal waawaa heɓugo diga goomu ɗon ɗon ɗon ɗon ekkitina ɓe, malla waawaa waɗugo ɗum (misaalu, diga ɓikkoy cuka) nden ɓe ɗon ekkitino ɗum ɓaawo ɗon. Assistance Dogs International ɗon haɓɓita networkji duniyaaru ɗi dogji kuugal naa' ngam ngam ngam ngam heɓugo riba.&lt;ref name=&quot;:02&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Ferguson|first=Nicola|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OBnWEAAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA80|title=Your Service Dog and You: A Practical Guide|date=2023-09-07|publisher=McFarland|isbn=978-1-4766-4912-2|pages=75–81|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Dentuɓe kuugal ɓe ɗon mari mari ceede, be ceede ɗon ɓadake haa dow ujineje dolaare. Nder feere feere, koo nde ɓe hokki ceede, dabbaaji kuugal naa' ɓe jaɓata, ammaa ɓe ɗon jaɓɓa. 

== Fedde nde ɓe njogii ==
Fedde darnde doge darnde ina waawi waɗugo duuɓi ɗiɗi. F nde'e ko fuɗɗii; 120 sahaaji nder nder lebbi joweego (sahaaji joweego nder nder sappo) ko huunde ko ɓuri heewde nder nder nder nder.

Fedde ngam doggo gooduɗo kuugal ɓuri ɓesngu ɓesngu ngam doggo kuugal, ngam doggo kuuɓal ɗon walli neɗɗo go'o, nden doggo kuungal ɗon walli bee yimɓe feere feere.

nde waawata waɗugo janngirde nde waawataa heɓugo fooyre, neɗɗo walla jaaynde ceewte, walla joomum. Ngam anndugo sariya, leyɗe goɗɗe ɗon yiɗi jaajotooɓe mari lisensi. , dabbaaji kuugal nder Japon ɗon anndina tan leyɗe to ɓe ɗon tabbitina diga kuugal laamiiɗo.

== Wotaaki e leydi ==
lesdi ɗuuɗal, dogeji hoolooji, dogeje goɗɗe ɗe ɗon walli bana bana bana non, e nder feere feere, dabbaaji goɗɗe boo ɗon ɗowtanaaki e sariya, ngam maajum ɓe ɗon yahda bee yimɓe ɓe ɗon halki nder nokkuuje ɗuuɗɗe ɗe ummaatoore ɗon marɓe, koo to umrooje nokkuuje boo ɗon haɗana yimɓe ɓe njaɓa dabbaaji ɗi ɓe njaɓaay. Tawreeta e farillaaji feere feere feere e nder laamu. 

=== Japon ===
Ha [[Japan|Japon]], Act on Assistance Dogs for Physically Disabled Persons haani wonde ha hitaande 2002. Ko hawti e golle ɗee ko ɓeydaade &quot;koyɗe wallitol yimɓe ɓe mbaɗata limce&quot; e ɓeydaaki huutoreeji ummaatooje yimɓe ɓe mbaɗaata limce. 

Dogji walligo ɗon haandi bana dogji hoolaaɓe, dogji nanki, malla dogji kuugal.  yimɓe 50 walla ɓuri heewde, ɓe njaɓaani dogeji wallitooɓe. Ko dogeji wallitooɓe tan ɓe yiɗi yahugo.&lt;ref&gt;https://web.archive.org/web/20230615141739/https://www.mhlw.go.jp/english/policy/care-welfare/welfare-disabilities/dl/150407-01.pdf&lt;/ref&gt; Ɓe haani hollaade lekki e limgal maɓɓe, e dowla dow ko doge'en e dowla e dowla haani hollata dow dowla.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6598092&lt;/ref&gt; Luki suudu e kuugal yimɓe ɓe ɓuri 50 ɓe ɗon yiɗi, ammaa ɓe ɗon yiɗi ɓe njaɓa dogeji walliugo. 

Yim ɓe dabbaaji maɓɓe ɗon ɗon ɗon ɗon walli hoore maɓɓe, malla ɓe ɗon walli dow goomu ɗon ɗon ɗon jaɓɓa dowla Japan, ɗon laato ɓe dabbaaje bana yimɓe ɓe ɗon ɗon ɗon nder lesdi Japan.

=== Dowlaaji Amerik ===
Nder lesdi Amerika, Attawra Amerikɓe Ɓaɓe Ɓaawɓe e hitaande 1990 ɗon haɗana feere feere, dawla, malla goɗɗum feere ngam hokkugo yimɓe laawol haa ɓe mbaawaa doggol. Ammaa, goɗɗe diine ɗe'e naa' ɓe haani hokkugo yimɓe laawol ngol.  federeere nden ɗon holla ''dabbaaji kuugal'' ngam daliila ADA ngam hawta bee dabbaaji fuu, hawtaaki dogeji saare e kofeeje nder kuugal.

Sariya feere boo ɗon waɗana. Ley leyɗe Amerik dow heɓugo jaayndiyankooɓe dow laawol, ina haani dabbaaji kuugal ɓe njogii e yimɓe ɓe mbaɗata hakkillaaji dow jaayndiyaagal. Law Fulfuld Housing Act yiɗi darinooɓe darnde ngam haani dabbaaji kuugal e dabbaaji ɓernde e dabbaaje wallugo, walaa darnde darnde, nder darnde.&lt;ref name=&quot;ada.gov3&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=February 28, 2020|title=ADA Requirements: Service Animals|url=https://www.ada.gov/resources/service-animals-2010-requirements/|publisher=US Department of Justice}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Service Animals|url=https://www.transportation.gov/individuals/aviation-consumer-protection/service-animals|access-date=2022-05-14|website=US Department of Transportation}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Foster|first=Amanda|date=2020-08-08|title=Inclusion of Emotional Support Animals as Service Animals Under the ADA: Creating the Right to Use Dogs to Assist People Living with Mental Health Issues|url=https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3669792|journal=Western New England Law Review|volume=43|language=en|location=Rochester, NY|doi=10.2139/ssrn.3669792|ssrn=3669792|s2cid=234660726}}&lt;/ref&gt;  &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Fair Housing Information Sheet # 6: Right to Emotional Support Animals in 'No Pet' Housing|url=http://www.bazelon.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/2017-06-16-Emotional-Support-Animal-Fact-Sheet-for-Website-final.pdf|access-date=24 October 2013|work=Bazelon Center for Mental Health Law}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ko haɓɓii nder dookaaji Americans with Disabilities Act ɗon wi'a: &quot;Foyde 15 Maars 2011, doge tan ɗon anndina bana dabbaaji kuugal nder nder nder dookaaje II e III nder ADA. Dabba kuugal woni dogol je ɗon haani waɗugo kuugal malla waɗugo kuuje ngam neɗɗo mo limtuɗo. Fuu, kuuje mawɗe II e mawɗe III waawi hokki dabbaaji kuugal ngam yahdude yimɓe ɓe ngoodi hakkillaaji nder nokkuuje fuu to yimɓe ɓe njaɓa. Ha haaki be darnde dow kuuje kuugal, darnde ADA darnde darnde daranaama habaru, darnde feere dow kuuje cukale ɗe ɓe ɗon janngina ngam huuwugo kuuɗe malla huuwugo kuugal ngam yimɓe ɓe mari limce.  (Haabeeje nder lamɓe nder lamɓe ɗon jeye haa 18 cm haa 18 cm nder lamɓe e nder lamɓe boo ɗon jeye nder lamɓe.)  Fuuji ɗi ɗon holla daliilaaji jaɓugo nayi ngam wallude gooduɓe ngam anndugo to ɓe waawi jaɓugo so ko'e nder nder suudu maɓɓe. Feddeeji jaɓɓaade ko:

* ko'e mon nder nder nder suudu;
* ko'e ɓalli ɓalli ɓaleeji ɗi'i ɗon haɓɓugo hooreejo;
* laamorde nden waawi waɗugo ko woni ko woni ko'e ɓalli ɓalli ɓii-ɓalli, e mawnuki e ɓalli ɓooyɗi; nden
* dow dow dow dow ko'e mon ngam ɓe mbaɗata ko'e maɓɓe, ɓe mbaɗataa ko'e mum'en.&quot;

ADA wi'i hayka huutoraade ina waawi yaawde nder suudu to doggo ɗon njaɓa hakkille mawɗo walla doggo ɗon jaɓa wuro.  Dabba'en kuugal ɗon haani haɓɓugo nder jonde ngam huutugo le'ol, ko'e laara, malla ko'e haɓɓugo, to naa ɗum halki baawɗe dabbaajo ngam huuwugo kuuɗe maako. Housebroken ina firti dabbaaji kuugal ngam ɓe njanngina ɓe ɓe ɓe njanndina ɓe ɓe njannga ɓe ɓe ɓe ɓe njaɓa ɓe ɓe njonngina ɓe nder nokkuuje je ɓe njanngi (e.g., nder suudu walla ɓe njanngu ɓe njanngo ɓe nder ɗereeji).

Ammaa, jaayɗe waawaa haɗugo dabbaaji kuugal to woodi dabbaaji &quot;ji'a&quot; ko &quot;ji'aaji&quot; ɗi kuugal, kuugal, walla kuugal ɗi yimɓe mbaɗata. 'um waawi hawtude e ƴettude nokkuuje goɗɗe nder doosɗe nguu to woodi doggo waawata hallude jokkondiral leɗɗe ɗen, koo to woodi laawol yahugo leɗɗe ɗen to leɗɗe ɗen ɗon, koo to jokkondiral jokkondiral ɓeydaaki jokkondiral ɗam ɗon haɓɓoo, jokkondiral maako waawata yaajugo kuuɗe ɗe filmiijo hokkata.  suudu jaŋde, dabbaaji kuugal ina haani nder suudu jaŋgol nyauɓe, ammaa ɓe njokki nder suudu kuugal e nokkuuje feere ɗe ɓe mbaɗata.

Kuugal ngal ina haani waɗugo ko dow leyɗe ɗe yimɓe mbaɗata dow dabbaaji kuugal: (1)&quot;Ko'e doggo ɗum haani kuugal ngam daliila naaŋge?&quot; e (2) &quot;Ko'o kuugal walla kuugal ɗum kuugal ngal kuugal ngal haani waɗde?&quot; Kuugal ngal walaa ko yimɓe mbaɗataa ngam ɓe ɗaɓɓita defte, ɓe mbaɗata ko'e kuugal ngal ɓe kuugal ngal ngaɗi, ɓe mbaɗaaki kuugal ngal.

Ɗe kaalaje goɗɗe ɗe hawti e doge'en kuugal ɗe ADA holli:

* Goomu daraniiɗo waawaa naa jaɓa jaɓugo ngam daliila bana alerji malla hulɓuki ko'e, naa jaɓugo jaɓugo yimɓe ɓe ɗon mari alerji malla nyauɓe ɓernde ngam daliila dogol jaɓugo; ha tawon, yimɓe fuu ɓe mbaadi baawu doole ɓe njokki (misaalu, ngam neɗɗo ɗon jogii alerji huutoraade suudu feere to neɗɗo ɗon jogi dogol jaɓɓugo).
* Kuwoowo naa' ngam dabbaaji kuugal, o waawaa jaɓugo ceede ɓeydiingo
* Hoteele doole hokke mawɓe kuugal fota hokkude suudu fuu, naa suudu tan ko &quot;ɗamɓe ngam dabbaaji&quot;
* Kuwooje goɗɗe ɗe mbaɗata ko ɓe mbaɗata
* Dog waawaa wonde e leƴƴi kala,  maa leƴƴi goɗɗi, bana German Shepherds, Labrador Retrievers, e Golden Retrievers ɓuri heewde heewde.

==== Ley Ameriknaaɓe e Ɓamtaare ====
ADA (Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990) nder United States holli dabbaaji kuugal bana &quot;dibooji ɗi ɗon janngina ngam waɗugo kuugal malla waɗugo kuuwɗe ngam neɗɗo mo naa'aaki&quot;. Dabbaaji kuuwol ɓernde naa' ɓe laatoo dabbaaji kuuɓol nder ADA.

Gila hitaande nde o fuɗɗii huutoraade, ko ɗum woni 1990, ADA ɗon halki feere feere feere feere dow yimɓe ɓe ngoodi limce. Ko haa yeeso ɗum, darnde darnde daranaangal darnde hakkiloji yimɓe 1964 kadi ɗon hakkilani yimɓe ɓe mbaadi, ADA ɗon hakkilana tan dow hakkilani dow hakke. Ley hakkilantaaku Amerik ina heewi ngam o ɗon halki feere feere dow yimɓe ɓe nganndi suudu, ammaa boo o ɗon hawta nder fannuuji hawti e golle, naati, jannguki, ekn.

Won goɗɗi laamɓe ɗon ɗaɓɓita ngam ɓe ndaara ADA nder lesdi Amerika. Misaalu, U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) ɗon hakkilana walaa hakkilantaaku dow marɓe ɓe ɓe ngoodi limce nder lesdi. Nde Daartol Transport, e potentigal mum fuu, ɗon hakkilana ngam daartol yimɓe e kuugal ngal hawti e yimɓe ɓe mbaadi baawu.


=== Duule goɗɗe ===

* Nder leyɗe ɓurɗe fuu nder Amerika Fudu e [[Meksiko|Mexico]], doggol doggol jagge ɗon jeyaa tan e yiɗde joomum ko'e mawɗo. Nder nokkuuje ɓurɗe ɓeydaago yimɓe yahugo, dogeji booɗeeji booɗeteeɗi ɗon njaɓɓa bana bana bana bana no ɓe mbaadi. Nder lesdi [[Barazil|Brazil]], ko'e maɓɓe, nder hitaande 2006, laamu federal yiɗi hokki dogeji marɓe laawol nder nokkuuje ummaatooje fuu. Metro Federal District haɓɓii program ngam haɓɓugo doge jagge ngam haɓɓuki.
* Nder [[Yuroopu|Europe]], haala ɗon feere feere feere. Leyɗe goɗɗe ɗon mari sariyaaji ɗi ɗon laamii lesdi fuu, nden wakkati feere ɗum acci darnde to nokkuuje.
* Nder [[Osterliya|Australia]], Attawra Hakkiilo Ɓamtaare 1992 ɗon hakkiilo fuu ɓe ɗon jaɓɓa doge. Lillaaji ɓooyɗi ɗi ɗon ɗon haaje ngam ɓe mbaawataa ɓe mbaawake dabbaaji maɓɓe nder haala fuu. Kala leydi e leydi ina woodi sariyaaji mum, ɗi ɓurna fuu ɗon hawta bee doge jagge. Queensland waɗi ko'e maɓɓe ko'e guiding hearing and assistance dog act 2009 ko'e hawti e doge'en go'o.
* Nder [[Kanada]], kareji jaggi bee dabbaaji feere feere ɗon marugo nder nokkuuje fuu nde yimɓe fuu marugo, haa e woodi jogiiɗo maɓɓe.  ngam jaɓugo dabbaaji feere waawi warugo haa $3000 nder Alberta, Kanada.  sariyaaji feere ngam kuuje kuugal nder Alberta, British Columbia, Nova Scotia, e Ontario.
* Nder lesdi Korea Fuute, ɗum jeyaaɗum ngam hokkugo dogeji marɓe laawol haa nokkuuje fuu ɗe yimɓe fuu ɗon mari. Yim ɓe ɓe ɗon jeyaa ɗon ceede ko ɓuri 2 miliyaar wonde.

== Dentuɓe ngam walligo go'o ==
Dabbaji goɗɗi ngam kuugal waawi anndinoore ngam waɗugo kuugal ngam wallude ɓe nyawɓe maɓɓe ɓe mbaadi nyawɓe. 

=== Kucci kuugal ===
 
Kuwe kuugal woni ko ɓuri haandi nder dabbaaji kuugal. Dogs waawi jaɓugo limgal limgal ɓalli e ɓernde. Dogol walligo mooliti ina walli e jaɓɓugo; ɗum waawaa dogol mawngal ngal waawi hokkude walligo ɓalli maa ngam walligo woodaa, malla dogol ngol haani waɗugo kuugal goɗɗum, bana no wurtina dammugal. Mbira laatoowo walli limce nder laaɓal. Mbira mo nanaaɗo ɗon anndina yimɓe wumɓe ko'e maɓɓe to ɓe nana ko'e mawɗe, bana no alarm ɗon ɓooya.Kuwe feere ɗon ɗon ɗon anndina nyau nyau ndu ɗon anndina mo ɗon ɗon haɓɓooji. Dogs je ɗon nana ɓocce ɗon waawi anndugo ngam ɓe andira ɓocce ɓocce nder ɓocce maɓɓe. Dogol nyau nyau nyau ndu ɗon anndina to sukka nder ƴiiƴam neɗɗo ɗon ɓeyda bana haɗiiɗum. Doggo walligo ɓernde footi anndina ngam yaaki goɗɗo mo ɗon ɓeyda, walliɗo mo o walli haala ɓeydaaki, malla holli haala feere-feere (misaalu, ngam halki kuuɗe mum, bana no o haɓɓata ɓandu nde o ɗon ɓeydi ɓeydaani). Ceeje walliɓe autism ɗon walli yimɓe ɗon walli autism. 

=== Lodo nder ɓalli ===
[[File:Guide_horse.jpg|thumb|Lodo nder nder nder nder lesdi Cincinnati ɗon huuwa bana dabbaajo marɗo nder nder nder gariiri.]]
Hande nder ɓooyma footi anndinaade bana hoodere ngam neɗɗo boofu,  ngam ɓooyde ɓooymaaji, malla bana wallude yimɓe boofuɓe nyau Parkinson.,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.guidehorse.org|title=Guide Horse|publisher=GuideHorse.org|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071017020720/http://www.guidehorse.org/|archive-date=October 17, 2007}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Lodo ɓalli ɓalli ɓooyɗi ɗon ceede diga 26&quot; haa 38&quot;. Won goɗɗe goɗɗe goɗɗi ɗiɗo. Ameriknaaɓe Miniature Horse Association ɓe ɗon sakki maare haa 34&quot;, nden kam American Miniature Horce Registry ɗon woodi jaaynde ngam mbaruuji 34&quot; haa 38&quot;.

Won feere feere ngam ɓorɓe nder ɓorɓe ngam ɓe mbaadi dabbaaji. Yimɓe diina maɓɓe ɗon ɗaɓɓa nyaamooji ɗon laaɓaaɗi malla ɓe ɗon mari nyaamooji nyaamooji haa nyaamooji, bana boo ɓe ɗon mari ɓernde. Lodooji nder nder nder nder ɓooyi ɗon woodi duuɓi 30-35 (ji ɓuri duuɓi 30-35 nder ɓooya e nder ɓooye nder nder nder suudu) e ɗon ɗaɓɓita lebbi 6 haa hitaande feere ngam anndingo, ɗum waɗata tan ngam anndingoowo. &lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;  Sahaa janngugol ngol ɓuri heewde e nder koode, ngam koode ɗon ɓeyda hulugo bee koode mawɗe.&lt;ref&gt;https://web.archive.org/web/20071017020720/http://www.guidehorse.org/&lt;/ref&gt;

Yimpet huutorooɓe koode boo ɗon anndina ɓe bana dabbaaji kuugal, ammaa dogol footi wonki ngam dabbaaji.&lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt;Lodooji nder miniature ɗon mawnina ngam laabi maɓɓe ɓurɗi yi'ugo (350 digirii), hakkiilooji booɗɗe, tagdi ɗon, kuuɗe ɗon ɗon ɗon ɗon ɓesda, e jaɓugo ceede booɗɗum. Ɓe ɗon mari ceede ngam wakkati maɓɓe ɓure, nder duuɓi 20, ɗon ɓure bana diga dabbaaji feere, ngam maajum wakkati ɓure ɗon ɓurnugo ɗon ɓurnuki wakkati wakkati kuugal. &lt;ref&gt;https://web.archive.org/web/20180803014225/http://www.hiddenhollowminiatures.com/Service_Animals.html&lt;/ref&gt; ɓurɗi ɓeydaade ngam jaggugo yimɓe ɓe walaa boo ɓe ɗon yi'a boo.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;

=== Monkey walliɗo ===
[[File:TSA_Service_Monkey.jpg|right|thumb|Lambaaɗo TSA'en Amerik ɗon ɗon ɗon ɗon ɗaɓɓa kuugal ngam yahugo.]]
'''Monkey walliɗo''' woni feere dabbaaji walliɗi, je ɗon haɓɓita bana dabbaaji wallugo yimɓe je ɗon walli bana dabbaaje walliɗi bana dabbaajo walliingo. Capuchin monkeys waawaa anndinoore ngam waɗugo kuugal kuugal bana hoɗugo kuuje, huwtugo ɓesngu e sakkitiiji, e wayloonde ɗereeji deftere.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Why Monkeys|url=https://monkeyhelpers.org/our-programs/monkey-care-and-training/why-monkeys|access-date=January 23, 2018|publisher=MonkeyHelpers.org|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180124070817/https://monkeyhelpers.org/our-programs/monkey-care-and-training/why-monkeys|archive-date=January 24, 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Woni-ɓoolɓe ɓe ɗon anndina nder ekkooli ngam goɗɗe ummaatooje, ɓe ɗon ɗaɓɓita duuɓi joweeɗiɗi ngam anndingo, ɓe ɗon waawi waɗugo duuɓi 25 haa 30 (ji ɗiɗi haa tati ɓurugo doggo jagga).

Caggal ɓe ɓe hawti nder wuro neɗɗo nder ɓikkoy, ɓe njogii janngirde ɗuɗɗum ngam ɓe ɓe ɓe ɓeɗa bee goɗɗo mo ɓe yiɗi walli. Nder wuro, monkees ɗon walli nder nguurndam maɓɓe nder nyalnde fuu, bana waɗugo kuuɗe nder nder nder nyaamdu microwave, limta yeeso yimɓe maɓɓe, e maɓɓugo boɗɗe njaram.

Nder 2010, laamu lesdi Amerika waylitii baylitol maako dow dabbaaji nder lesdi lesdi lesdi Amerika (ADA). Limanji ɗi'i yimɓe ɓe ɗonno anndinaay bana dabbaaji kuugal nder ADA. Amerik Veterinary Medical Association ɗon jaɓɓa naftoraaki duumiiji 'i yimɓe bana dabbaaji ngam daliila hawtuki dabbaaji, daliila daliila daliilu nyau nyau man, e daliila daliiliiji ngam daliilu nyau man ngam dabbaaji.&lt;ref name=&quot;avma2&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=AVMA Animal Welfare Division Director's Testimony on the Captive Primate Safety Act|url=https://www.avma.org/News/PressRoom/Pages/Testimony-golab-080311.aspx|publisher=[[American Veterinary Medical Association]]|access-date=October 2, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131007182501/https://www.avma.org/News/PressRoom/Pages/Testimony-golab-080311.aspx|archive-date=October 7, 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ndaare kadi ==

* Dabba mo ɗon walli ɓernde - dabbaaji ɗi ɗon walli tagɗo maako
* Kuwal dabbaaji - kuwal ngal huutoroo hawtaade e dabbaaji ngam ɓeydaade no nyauɗo huwtori ha nder jam, ɓernde, koo anndal
* Dabba huwoowo - dabbaaji ɗi ɓe njanngina ngam huutoraade kuugal

== Jaŋde ɓeydi ==

* Moorehead, Daniel. Dentuɓe nder ummaatoore yimɓe: Dentuɓe ɓe mbaɗata duniyaaru men. Lanham, UP of America, 2015.

== Wurooji wurooji ==

* Ɓamtaare e Kuje Kuje - TSA (Administration de la sécurité des transports) 
* &quot;Fuujooji Ɗi Laamii&quot; diga ''New York Times''
* [http://www.nbcnews.com/id/21134540 Capuchin monkeys helpers] - MSNBC
*
* [https://www.ada.gov/service_animals_2010.htm Kuugal leyɗe leyɗe leyɗeeje]
* [http://www.guidehorse.com Foundation Guide Horse]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20170504153157/http://www.hiddenhollowminiatures.com/Service_Animals.html Laki Miniature nder Dabba] 

== Himobe ==
[[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]]</text>
      <sha1>mfr77jpogke8dgb38at7y8aooispww2</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Parasports</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>7691</id>
    <revision>
      <id>183495</id>
      <parentid>84981</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-20T14:08:32Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>6960</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260820sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]]</comment>
      <origin>183495</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="18820" sha1="bouh4y7mh2876oxzh8hj0wgjocvarqn" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Meeting_d'Athlétisme_Paralympique_de_Paris_-_Iris_Pruysen_01.jpg|thumb|Iris Pruysen ɗon hawta nder jugo ɓurɗum nder Paris Athletics Paralympic Meeting 2014.]]
'''Parasports''' ko yiɗde yimɓe ɓe ɓe mbaɗi hakkillaaji, hawti e hakkillaaji ɓalli e hakkillo. Parasports feere ɗon je ɗon je ɗon haandi kuuɗe ɓannduji daga nder nder nder nder kuuɗe ɓanngooje ɓannduje, nden feere ɗon je je ɗon haanduki musamman ngam yimɓe ɓe ɓe ɓe ɓe ɗon mari limce, ɓe ɗon walaa ko nandi bee ɓanngoje ɓannguoje. Ɓaawol ɗon woodi nder kuuje nayi: ɓandu, ɓandu, permanent e temporary. Nder dooka, ɓe naftiri darnde ko ɓe mbaɗata nder nder nder nder ɓaleeji ngam ɓe mbaɗɓa yimɓe ɓe mbaɗta kuuɗe feere feere ngam ɓe mbaɗa haɓaade.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=What is parasport?|url=http://paralympic.ca/what-parasport|website=Canadian Paralympic Committee|publisher=Canadian Paralympic Committee|accessdate=4 March 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180304172815/http://paralympic.ca/what-parasport|archive-date=4 March 2018|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Etimoloji ==
Wolde &quot;parasports&quot; fuɗɗii nde wolde paraplegic e sports.   [Njiɗol ɓaleeɓe] Ɗe feere nder haala nde hawti e ko'e maɓɓe hawti e hawtaade e ko'en, ko'e hawtaade, ko'en hawtaade bee ko'e mum, ko'a hawtaade be ko'e yimɓe ɓe mbaadi e ko'o hawtaade. Kalfinaaji paralympiki waawi naftoraade e parasports, maa e nder fannu kiiki ɗum ko hawti tan e caltuɗe ɗe ɓe mbaɗata e nder paralympics.

== Dental e taariika ==
Yimɓe ɓe ɓe ɓe ɓe ɓooyɗi ɓe ɓe ɓe njogii ɓe ngaɗi ko ɓe ngaɗi, ɓe ngaɗi ɗum ɓe ɓe ɓe mbaɗi ko ɓe mbaɗi: ɓe ɓe ɓe ngaɗi boo, ɓe mbaɗi boo, e ɓe mbaɗi ɓe mbaɗi ɗum ɓe mbaɗi. Gooto gooto woodi taariika feere-feere, jaɓɓorgo, program gasa, e no ɓe njogori nder nder nder nder ciya.

=== Naawol nanki ===
Firo gasa duniyaaru nder nder nder nder ɓoyma ɓoyma fuɗɗiti bee Paris Silent Games, nder hitaande 1924, tawtoreede Committee International des Sports des Sourds, CISS (Colleejo Dental Fedde Ɓoyma ɓeyma ɓoymaa). Ɗi'e ko'e juulde ɓeydii ko juulde juulde deaflympics, ko CISS laaminoo, ko'e je'e juulade feere ngam juulɓe ɓeen ɓeen ɓe'e ɓe'e, ko'en ɓe'en ɓe ɓe'e haani haadeede e nder nokkuuje juulde, e jokkondiral ummatoore ɗum je'e je je'e nder juulde.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=International Committee of Sport for the Deaf|url=http://www.deaflympics.com/about/|accessdate=12 September 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Ɓaawol hakkillo ===
Yimɓe ɓe ɓe mari ɓamtaare hakkilantaaku fuɗɗiino haɓɓugo nder 1960s nder laawol gollal Special Olympics. Ɗu'um ɓeydi diga nder cuuɗi cuuɗi ɗi Eunice Kennedy Shriver waɗi nder hitaande 1962. Nder hitaande 1968 ɓe waɗi juulde International Special Olympics, nder Chicago. Hannde, Special Olympics ɗon hokkata ekkitinol e gasa nder ko'e feere-feere nder nder ko'o nder yimɓe ɓe ɓe mari limce hakkilantaaku.&lt;ref name=&quot;so-history2&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=The History of Special Olympics|url=http://www.specialolympics.org/history.aspx|accessdate=September 12, 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Nder hitaande 1986, International Sports Federation for Persons with Intellectual Disabilities (INAS-FID) tawii ngam wallugo gasa ha nder yimɓe ɓe mari hakkillo. Ɗu'um waɗi feere to laawol &quot;kafe'en ngam fuu&quot; nder Olympics Special. Wakkati feere, yimɓe ɓe ɓe mari ɓeydaaku nder hakkillo ɓe hawti nder juulal Paralympic. Caggal ɓaawo ɓ ɓeydaani e nder paralympics 2000, nde ɓe holli wonde yoga e ɓeydaɓe ɓe naatnooɓe nder kuugal ɓeydaaku hakkillo, INAS-FID ɓe njaɓii ɓe ƴettude e nder kuugal paralympiki, amma ɓe njaɓɓi hakkillaaji dow ɓeydaago hakkillo.

=== Ɓamtaare ɓanndu ===
Firo jogortooɓe ɓaleeɓe ɓaleejo ɗon woodi haa 1911, nde &quot;Cripples Olympiad&quot; waɗii nder Amerik. Go'oto nder ɓaleeɓe mawɓe ɗum Walter William Francis, Welshman, mo heɓii ko'e mum e jaŋde e jaŋge.  Ɓaawo, kuuje ɗuuɗɗe ɗon ɓamta diga nder kuuje ceertuɗe. Caggal konu duuniyaaru ɗiɗaɓu, ngam jaabuki haajirɗe limgal mawɗo yimɓe ɓe ɓe njaɓi ngam warugo e yimɓe, ɓe ɓeydiino yiɗde nder nder nder nder suudu. Firo ngam warugo ɓeydaama nder nder nder nder ɓeydaade nder nder nder firo nder nder nder. Mawɗo laawol ngol woni Sir Ludwig Guttmann daga Hospitaal Stoke Mandeville nder Ingiltere. Nder hitaande 1948, wakkati juulde Olimpiiki ha London, o hawriti gasa juulde ngam jokkondirɓe juulde juulde e nder Stoke Mandeville. Ɗo woni fuɗɗam juulde Stoke Mandeville, diga nde juulde IWAS World Games e juulde Paralympic. Fedde Paralympiade arandeere, ko ɗon ɗon ɗon ɗon haalde e Fedde 9 International Stoke Mandeville Games (&quot;fedde arandeere&quot; ɓeydi nde nde yimɓe gardiiɓe Holandiiɓe ardiiɓe nder Fedde arandeeri nder Fedde e nder hitaande 1952), waɗii nder Roma nder 1960. 2nd, 3rd e 4th Paralympic Games ɗon ɗon ɗon ɗon jeya 13th, 17th e 21st International Stoke Mandeville Games.

Yimɓe mo ɓe jogii limce ɓanndu fuɗɗiino hawtoreede nder US nder ɓaawo 1960s nder laawol Disabled Sports USA.  Ɓamtaare Ɓamtaare Amerik wonnoo  e hitaande 1967 e hooreeɓe militeerɓe ɓamtaare, hawtiɓe e Jim Winthers, ngam wallude haɓɓugo soobnaaɓe ɓamtaari ɗi ƴiwoyi diga Vietnam, nden fuɗɗam ɓe noddi National Amputee Skiers Association. Nder hitaande 1970, Hal O'Leary waɗi National Sports Center for the Disabled (NSCD) nder Winter Park nder Colorado. Hannde, NSCD ina woodi jannginooɓe 19 e yimɓe 1,000. Yim&lt;ref&gt;Candus Thomson, [https://web.archive.org/web/20120725044851/http://articles.baltimoresun.com/2010-07-31/sports/bs-sp-disabled-kilimanjaro-climber-20100731-12_1_mount-kilimanjaro-disabled-veterans-disabled-sports-usa &quot;Disabled veterans vow to conquer Mount Kilimanjaro&quot;], ''Baltimore Sun'', July 31, 2010&lt;/ref&gt; 

Nder hitaande 1975, juulde Paralympic ɓeydi haa hawti e yimɓe ɓe ɓe njogii ɓoggi e ɓe nji'i. Yimɓe be cerebral palsy ɓe haani hawtaade fuɗɗam nder 1980.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|last1=Cooper|first1=Rory A.|last2=Nowak|first2=Christopher J.|title=Paralympics and veterans|journal=[[Journal of Rehabilitation Research &amp; Development]]|date=2011|volume=48|issue=10|pages=xi–xii|doi=10.1682/JRRD.2011.11.0209|pmid=22234671|doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Gila 1988, Komite Olympic International taƴii ngam haɓɓugo ko'e yimɓe ɓe mbaɗata limce (ko'e limce ɓalli) e hawtaade e maɓɓe nder juulde: jaɓɓude juulde Paralympic ɗon tokki juulde juulde. Ɗuum timmingol ɗon walli ngam ɓeyda ɓeydaago ɓeydaaki nder nder nder nder limce ɓeydaaku. Jaɓɓorgo wiɗtoond dow site Suwiis holli wonde ɓurɓe heewde feddeeji pinal pinal e pinal ina limta ɓaleeɓe ɓaleeɓe ko ɓuri yimɓe kala.

Nder 2006, ɓe waɗi juulde ɓesngu ngam yimɓe ɓe ɓe mbaɗi ɓeydaaki walla ɓe mbaɗi feere ngam ɓe mbaɗata nder juulde fuɗɗunde. College Park Industries, marɗo fotde fotde, hawrani ɗum ngam hokki yimɓe ɓe ɓe ɓe ɓe njogii ɓe nokkuuje ɓe mbaɗata nder nder nder nder kuugal ngal ɓeydi ɓeydi anndinki bana kuugal. Ɗu'um ko waɗata hitaande fuu nder Orlando nder lewru, hawti e gasa nder skateboarding, wakeboarding, rock climbing, mountain biking, surfing, moto-x e kayaking. Goɗɗe kawtal, bana Paradox Sports, ɗon ummito ngam wallude ɓe ɓe ɓe mbaawata e ɓe ɓe ɓe ɓe ɓeyda ngam ɓe ɓe mbaawa e ɓe ɓe njaɓɓa nder yimɓe ɓe ɓe mbaɗata e nder nder nder nder ɓernde ɓe ɓe mbaɗi.

E hitaande 2006, Fedde Fedde Fuuta Fuuta Fedde Fuude Fuuta Fuude e Fedde Fudu Fuuta Fudu Fuude United States fuɗɗii wonde ngam huutoree e jokkude e ɓeydaade go'o nder ɓaleeɓe ɓooyɓe jokkondirɓe e fannu fannu fundu Fuuta Futu Fuude (ko Fuude fannu Fuude).

hitaande 2007, goomu yimɓe ɓe ɓe ɓe ɓe nganndi, ɓe ɓe ɓe njanngini, ɓe ɓe ngaɗi e maɓɓe, ɓe ɓe ngonndi e maɓɓe, e ɓe ɓe ngondiri e maɓɓe, ngam ɓe mbaɗɓa hakkillaaji dow ɓe ɓe ngonaa ɓe ngannda. Goomu ndu - SPORTS for Exceptional Athletes (S4EA) - ɗon jaɓɓa yimɓe ɓe ɓe ɓe mbaadi ɓamtaare nder duuɓi 5 diga mawɓe. Nder hawtuki yimɓe be be be be naa'a baawu, S4EA ɗon tammi wonɓe jokkondirɓe ɓe ɗon hawta ɓe'e ɓe'e ɓaŋgan bee haandi ɓernde ngam ɓe'e hawta bee kuuɗe ɓernde be hawtaade nder ummaatooje S4EA. Ko ngam ɗum ɓurna huutoreeɓe nder nokkuure San Diego, S4EA ɓurti diga nokkuure nde haa haandi e Ventura e Temecula, California.

Hannde, ko juulde Paralympic laatii e International Paralympic Committee, e hawti e goɗɗe pelle pinal.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Paralympic Games|url=http://www.paralympic.org/Paralympic_Games/|publisher=International Paralympic Committee|accessdate=12 September 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Hannde, woodi fursatuuji feere feere nder lesdi Amerika ngam yimɓe gooduɓe nder jama'aare ngam ɓe njogii, hawti bee fijirde, fijirde fuɗɗi, fijirleeki e ball ball ball, fijirloore e kiilo, fijirol ndiyam, e fijirleeku.  Army Wounded Warrior Program ɗon hokkata ballon volleyball ɗon jooɗi haa yimɓe jeyaaɓe nder suudu, e goɗɗe ummaatooje ɗon hokkata bana non fursatuuji ɓaleeji ngam yimɓe jeyaaɗo nder suudu ngam yimɓe jeyaɓe nder suudu. Woni ɗiɗo koɗol ɓurɗe jokkude e nder paralympiki ɗi ɗon woodi ngam yimɓe ardiiɓe e yimɓe ardiije e ɓe ɗon nyawdi: warɓe nder lesdi Amerika e warɓe nder leydi.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|last1=Goff|first1=Mandy|title=Adapted Sport Programs for Veterans with Disabilities|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-physical-education-recreation-dance_2012-03_83_3/page/27|journal=Journal of Physical Education, Recreation &amp; Dance|date=March 2012|volume=83|issue=3|pages=27–28|doi=10.1080/07303084.2012.10598742|s2cid=72401694}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Yimɓe ==
[[File:David_Bizet_-_Marathon_de_Paris_2014.jpg|right|thumb|Gooto mo ɗon jooɗoto nder gariiri mawɗo nder &lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;i id=&quot;mweQ&quot;&gt;Marathon International de Paris&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt; (Marathon Paris)  nder 2014.]]
[[File:Chuck_Sketch,_a_Wounded_Warrior_with_the_veteran_swim_team,_swims_laps_during_a_practice_session_120214-M-YO938-177.jpg|right|thumb|Wounded Warrior Chuck Sketch ɗon hawta nder kuugal swimming on 14 feebari 2012 ha United States Marine Corps Base Camp Pendleton.]]
Yimɓe ɓe ɓe ɓe ɓe njogii feere feere ɓe njogini feere feere feere, bana boo feere feere feere feere ngam ɓe ɓe njogo ɓe ɓe ɓe njeyaa, bana golbal. Nder kala jokkondirɗe, ko feere feere feere ɗon waɗata haa dowji feere feere; misaalu, ko feere fuu nder jokkondirɗum Paralympic ɗon je nder paralympic Games. Ɓeydi, yimɓe ɓe ɓe mbaawani limce ɓe ngaɗata ko ɓuri nder nder nder nder kuugal limce.

Yimɓe ɓe ngaɗani ko ɓe ngaɗata e nder nder nder nder ɓernde ɓe mbaadi e ɓe mbaadi.  mbaawi wallude ƴettugo feere nder ɓernde ɓernde ɓanduɗo e ɓanduɗo.
&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|last1=Cooper|last2=Nowak|title=Paralympics and veterans|journal=Journal of Rehabilitation Research and Development|volume=48|issue=10|pages=xi-xiv|pmid=22234671|year=2011|doi=10.1682/jrrd.2011.11.0209|doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Fedde nde ɓe njogii ==
Won daliila ngam hollaade huutoreeji huutoreeji ɓalli (IMT) ngam huutoreede huutoreeki ngam ɓeyda huutore aerobik, huutoreeje huutore, e nootoreeji nguurndam nder yimɓe ɓe'e nder yimɓe ɓe ngaɗata. IMT ha musamman hollitii ngam ɓeyda kuuɗe ɓalli nyawugo e waawde wallude ngam hallude dyspnea ha nder kuugal. Fuuji ɓurɗi ɓ e ɓesdaare e nder ɓesdaari e nder ɓeydaari e dow ɓeydaare e dow ɓesdaaru e nder ɓeldaaji ɗi ɓeydooɓe e nder duuɓi goɗɗi.&lt;ref&gt;https://doi.org/10.1682%2Fjrrd.2011.11.0209&lt;/ref&gt;

== Wondirde ==
Fedde fuɗɗugo nder duuɓi 1980 e fuɗɗam 1990, golle fuɗɗii nder leyɗe e pelle keewɗe ngam hawtaɓe ɓaleeɓe e nder nder nder nder kuugal ɓaleeɓe. Ɗuum hawti e ɓeydaade kuugal ngam ɓeydaaniɓe ɓeydaandi e juulde mawɗe bana juulde juulde olympiki e juulɗe juulde Commonwealth, e hawtingol ɓeydaande ɗi to goɗɗe kuugal juulde ɗe naa' ɓe ɓeydaadi.Gila 1984, Olympics hawti e kuugal hollude ngam yimɓe ɓe ɓe nganndi dow paraolimpik. , hawtuki ko'e medal fulɓe ɗon waɗaay, e darnde jokkereɓe ɓe ɓe mbaawata ɓaawo maɓɓe nder jamirooje Olimpiiki ɗon mari dowla. juulde Commonwealth, ɓe hawtiino ardiiɓe ɓe ɓe mbaawnoo limce fuɗɗam nder juulde 1990 Auckland Commonwealth Games, ɓaawo maajum nder juulɗe jaayndeere nder 1994, e nder juulɓe Manchester Commonwealth Games 2002 ɓe hawti ɓe bana ardiiɓe fulɓe nder juuldi maɓɓe, ɓe waɗi ɗi'en juulde fuɗɗam hawtiinde juulde caaɗeele keewɗe. Polisi ɗo fuɗɗii e juulde Melbourne Commonwealth Games 2006, to Canadian Chantal Petitclerc laati ardiiɗo juulde mo'o ɓeydi ɓeydiiko ngam darnugo bandira lesdi maako nder juulde fuɗɗam juulde. [Njiɗal ɓeydi mum] Fuuɓe bana na'i Natalie du Toit e jaŋde jogiiɗo Oscar Pistorius ɓe ɗon haɓɓa bana ɓe ɗon jogiiɓe ɓalli e nder kuugal feere feere haa e nder juulal Olimpiiki.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|last=Daignault|first=Louis|title=Integration Battle Heats Up At CommonWealth Games|work=Access Guide Canada|publisher=Canadian Abilities Foundation|url=http://abilities.ca/agc/article/article.php?pid=&amp;cid=&amp;subid=349&amp;aid=882|accessdate=12 September 2010|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100412093224/http://abilities.ca/agc/article/article.php?pid=&amp;cid=&amp;subid=349&amp;aid=882|archivedate=12 April 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=2004 IOC decision|url=http://www.rickhansen.com/Media/News2004/IOCdecision.htm|website=www.rickhansen.com|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060323103328/http://www.rickhansen.com/Media/News2004/IOCdecision.htm|archivedate=March 23, 2006}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|last1=Van Ooyen and Justin Anjema|first1=Mark|last2=Anjema|first2=Justin|title=A Review and Interpretation of the Events of the 1994 Commonwealth Games|publisher=Redeemer University College|date=25 March 2004|url=http://sporthamilton.com/content/histroy/1994commonwealthgames.pdf|accessdate=12 September 2010|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130731114220/http://sporthamilton.com/content/histroy/1994commonwealthgames.pdf|archivedate=31 July 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.thecgf.com/sports/ead.asp|title=Commonwealth Games Federation - Commonwealth Sports - Elite Athletes With A Disability (EAD)|publisher=Thecgf.com|accessdate=2012-09-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101130060533/http://thecgf.com/sports/ead.asp|archive-date=2010-11-30|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

2013 FIFA waɗi anniya wonde koɗo leydi Austria [[Martin Hofbauer]] waawi jokkude fotbal ngam jokkude e fude e potɗe caggal nde o maayi koyngal mum to joomum ngam nyau. &lt;ref&gt;[http://steiermark.orf.at/news/stories/2583850/ FIFA erlaubt Steirer Einsatz mit Prothese], orf.at, 2013-05-13.&lt;/ref&gt;

Kuugal hoore hoore ɗon laati go'o dow no yimɓe ɓe ɗon jogii nder nder nder nderje nder nder nderji. Kuugal ngal hollitii anndal ngal e nder ɓamtaare e nder ɓamtude e nder ɓernde.  Kuugal fuɗɗii ƴamugo daliila hawtuki nder gasa bana Olympics Special e Games Paralympic. Motifaaji ngam hawtaago nder Olympics Special ɗon holla ko yimɓe e saare ngam hawtaaki maɓɓe ko haani hawtaago e kuugal Olympics.

Won laabi laaɓɗi ɗi waawaa huutore ngam ɓeyda hawtuki yimɓe ɓe ɓe mbaawɓe limce nder nder lislaamu. Ɗu'um hawti e waylaade dookaaji malla haɓɓugo kuugal ngam neɗɗo go'o. Bana non, hakkilantaaki hakkilantaaku nafata ɓeydaaki hawtuki yimɓe ɓe ɓe ɓeyaani.&lt;ref name=&quot;Geidne2&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last1=Geidne|first1=Susanna|last2=Jerlinder|first2=Kajsa|date=2016-05-01|title=How sports clubs include children and adolescents with disabilities in their activities. A systematic search of peer-reviewed articles|journal=Sport Science Review|language=en|volume=25|issue=1–2|pages=29–52|doi=10.1515/ssr-2016-0002|issn=2069-7244|doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|last1=Williams|first1=T. L.|last2=Smith|last3=Papathomas|first3=A.|year=2014|title=The barriers, benefits and facilitators of leisure time physical activity among people with spinal cord injury: a meta-synthesis of qualitative findings|url=http://eprints.leedsbeckett.ac.uk/2438/3/The%20barriers%2C%20benefits%20and%20facilitators%20of%20leisure%20time%20physical%20activity%20among%20people%20with%20spinal%20cord%20injury.pdf|journal=Health Psychology Review|volume=8|issue=4|pages=404–425|doi=10.1080/17437199.2014.898406|pmid=25211208|s2cid=2718370|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180720145612/http://eprints.leedsbeckett.ac.uk/2438/3/The%20barriers%2C%20benefits%20and%20facilitators%20of%20leisure%20time%20physical%20activity%20among%20people%20with%20spinal%20cord%20injury.pdf|archive-date=2018-07-20|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Hokka ɓikkoy ɓe mari limce hakkilantaaku nder kuugal ciyaangal nder nder ɗi ɓe ngaɗi bee yimɓe ɓe ɓe naa' ɓe naa' ɗum naa' ɗum bana bana bana bana ɗum, bana ɗum ɓeydi hawtaago nder kuugal ɓurna nder nguurndam maɓɓe fuɗnaaku, bana ɗum ɓeydori hawtaade maɓɓe bee ɓikkoy ɗi naa' ɓe maa'o. Ɗum nafata ɓikkoy mo ɓe njogii limce ngam ɓe keɓu feere feere feere ngam ɓe jokkondira nder kuugal ɓale, misaalu, wallugo hawtaago diga jannginooɓe e yimɓe feere, wallugo waawugo diga maama'en e wallugo hawtougo diga dogeji therapy. Kuugal ngal fotaani wonde ko haani waɗude ngam haani waɗugo ko feere-feere e ko sukaaɓe mbaɗi, e hawti e ɗum ɓuri laaɓugo to kuugal ngal wonaa ko hawti e gasa.

=== Yimɓe hawtaade ===
&quot;Fowta fuɗnaaki&quot; hawti e timmuɗe ɗe hawti e yimɓe ɓe ɓe ngalaa hakkille fuɗnaandi. Gila 1990s, Special Olympics Unified Sports ɗon ɓesda hawtaade yimɓe bee laawol ekkitinol e hawtaade e hawtaare. Ɗuum fuɗɗam ɓeydi haa duniyaaru fuu, jooni ɗon hawta ɓurɓe 700,000 nder lesdi 127 nder duniyaaru. Fasal ngal hawti e hawtaade nder nder nder nderji dowla ɗon laaɓɗum: janngugo bee gootum e jokkude bee gootume ɗon laawol ɓurɗum to duɗal e faamuki.

NBA ɗon wondi mo ɗon yiɗi ɓernde maako bana ɓernde maako, o ɗon jaɓɓa ɓernde maako ngam o ɗon jaɓa ɓernde mum bana ɓernde mum. Walt Disney Company, ESPN e Special Olympics ɗon huuwugo dow jaayɗe duniyaaru ɗiɗo hitaande ngam huutore baawɗe ɓale ngam semmbina hawtaade e jaɓugo yimɓe. 

Mawɓe mawɓe ɓe ɓe ɓe ɓe ɓaleeɓe ɓe ɓe mbaɗata e nder motorsport ɓe mbaɗataa e mawɓe mawɓe mawɗo ɓe ɓe mbaɗi e maɓɓe; misaalu Alex Zanardi, Albert Llovera, Clay Regazzoni e Jason Watt.

== Ndaare kadi ==

* Assistive technology in sport
* ASEAN ParaGames
* Défi sportif
* FESPIC Games
* IWAS World Games
* Special Hockey
* 1st World Deaf Ice Hockey and Curling Championships
* World Deaf Football Championships

== Wurooji wurooji ==

* [http://www.paralympic.org Kawtal Paraolimpik International]
* [http://www.deaflympics.com Fedde Ɓaawɓe]
* [http://www.specialolympics.org Olimpiadiji goɗɗi] 

== Firooji ==
[[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]]</text>
      <sha1>bouh4y7mh2876oxzh8hj0wgjocvarqn</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Muteness</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>7693</id>
    <revision>
      <id>183522</id>
      <parentid>109347</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-20T14:45:08Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>6960</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260820sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]]</comment>
      <origin>183522</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="15697" sha1="q6tveu6o4arhploihwczcz0l16zbtd2" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Selective Mutism Iceberg.jpg|thumb|feccere e Mutism cuɓaaɗo]]
'''Muteness ko mutism''' ɗon jiytul bolletal ɓawarde jiytul ndenewal ngal faamarɓe e hurre mawɓe bulwee fere fereje e mutism e baawande anduntugo, [[yimmɓe]] walletooɓe ɗaanigo e,layaal kawtal mudiɓɓe e doctor, en e bullete walde [[pathologist]] laatiike nauda jatturde jiytul bolletal ɓawarde muteness e waditoɓe yanayiwal e manufaje dellude fere fereje e [[phenomena]] e dimma nder [[physiology]] e maitul naajarokow medical baawetengo, hemgo, 

psychological troama e fango yesso ɓesdango neurological e destango motsango physical. ɓesdango bullete e destango,diagnosed lass e previously balletowal bullete taa faaro  chological&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last1=Grippo|first1=J.|last2=Vergel|first2=M. F.|last3=Comar|first3=H.|last4=Grippo|first4=T.|date=2001|title=[Mutism in children]|journal=Revista de Neurología|volume=32|issue=3|pages=244–246|doi=10.33588/rn.3203.2000376|issn=0210-0010|pmid=11310279}}&lt;/ref&gt;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last1=Grippo|first1=J.|last2=Vergel|first2=M. F.|last3=Comar|first3=H.|last4=Grippo|first4=T.|date=2001|title=[Mutism in children]|journal=Revista de Neurología|volume=32|issue=3|pages=244–246|doi=10.33588/rn.3203.2000376|issn=0210-0010|pmid=11310279}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Koɗol ɓamtaare ==
Caɗeele ɓamtaare mumen ina waawi ƴettude e ko ɗuuɗɗi. Gooto daliila ɓeydaaki waawaa wonde caɗeele e physiology hawti e wolde, misaalu, hunduko malla ɗemngal.  Mutism waawaa wonde sabu apraxia, ko wayi no, caɗeele e jokkondiral ɓalli ɗi hawti e wolwugo. Sabo goɗɗo waawaa wonde  haani haani haandi e ɓesngu ɓesngu, misaalu, majjugo wolde ngam ɓalli, ɓalli, koo nyau larynx. Anarthria  feere feere feere feere, nder nder nder nder ɗon ɗon ɗon ɗon ɓesda ɓesngu ɓesngu e ɗemngal malla ɓesngu ɗon ɗon ɓesa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.personal.rdg.ac.uk/~llsroach/phon2/artic-basics.htm|title=2 The production of speech sounds|website=www.personal.rdg.ac.uk|access-date=2020-04-11}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/childhood-apraxia-of-speech/symptoms-causes/syc-20352045|title=Childhood apraxia of speech - Symptoms and causes|website=Mayo Clinic|language=en|access-date=2020-04-13}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.enthealth.org/conditions/vocal-cord-fold-paralysis/|title=Vocal Cord (Fold) Paralysis|website=ENT Health|language=en-US|access-date=2020-04-19}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;mozgi2&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.sulinovadatbank.hu/letoltes.php?d_id=467|title=Ajánlások mozgáskorlátozott gyermekek, tanulók kompetencia alapú fejlesztéséhez|date=2006|website=Dombainé Esztergomi Anna|publisher=suliNova Közoktatás-fejlesztési és Pedagógus-továbbképzési Kht.|location=Budapest|language=hu|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140219224104/http://www.sulinovadatbank.hu/letoltes.php?d_id=467|archive-date=19 February 2014|access-date=1 May 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;

ɓernde ɓernde ngam ɓernde ɓernde waawata waɗugo halkere walla halkere habaru, ɗum noddaama afashiya. Ɓaawol ɓernde walla caɗeele ɓamtaare nokkuure ɓernde je ɗon hawta e haaluwol wolde, nokkuure Broca, waawaa sabaabu ɓernde mum.  Ɓaɗol walla ɓalli to nokkuure Broca, ɗo nder ɓernde fuɗnde fuɗnde ɓaawo yaasi, waawi sabaabu ɓernde mum.  Wonde ɓeydi ɓeydi waɗugo masin. , woodi ɓesngu ɓesngu ngam daliila ɓesngu e ɓesngu nder ɓesngu fuɗnaaku ɓaawo ɓesngu bana ɓesngu caggal ɗum waɗii.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/science/Broca-area|title=Broca area {{!}} Definition, Function, &amp; Facts|website=Encyclopedia Britannica|language=en|access-date=2020-04-11}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Citation|title=Aphasia|url=https://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Aphasia|work=The Free Dictionary|access-date=2020-04-11}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last1=Catsman-Berrevoets|first1=Coriene E.|last2=Aarsen|first2=Feke K.|date=2010|title=The spectrum of neurobehavioural deficits in the Posterior Fossa Syndrome in children after cerebellar tumour surgery|journal=Cortex; A Journal Devoted to the Study of the Nervous System and Behavior|volume=46|issue=7|pages=933–946|doi=10.1016/j.cortex.2009.10.007|issn=1973-8102|pmid=20116053|s2cid=206983595}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Sabooji ɓernde ==
To sukaaɓe ɗon haalaa, nyauɓe ɓernde koo ɓernde, bana ɓernde, ɗon hawta. Sukaaɓe waawaa warugo ngam ɓe ɗon moodi. Moodiwol ngam wolde ɗum haala nde suka ɗon wolwdi tan nder haala feere feere, koo bee yimɓe feere feere, bana yimɓe saare maako.   ɗum haani ngam haɗugo nyau man boo ngam anndugo njamɗugo. ngol ɗon ɗon ɓesda, ammaa naa' bana ɗum ɗon ɓesdi bana ɗum ɗon miijo. Mooluki ngam yahugo bana ɗum haani hawtaaki bee sukaajo mo waawataa wolde ngam daliila ɓernde maako. Ɗum ɗon haandi ngam nyauɓe ɓe ɗon ɓesda duuɓi jowi. Ɓiɓɓe fuu ɓe ngalaa hujjaji ɗi nandi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.asha.org/PRPSpecificTopic.aspx?folderid=8589942812&amp;section=Signs_and_Symptoms|title=Selective Mutism: Signs and Symptoms|website=American Speech-Language-Hearing Association|language=en|access-date=2020-04-13}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Manassis|first=Katharina|date=2009|title=Silent suffering: understanding and treating children with selective mutism|journal=Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics|volume=9|issue=2|pages=235–243|doi=10.1586/14737175.9.2.235|issn=1744-8360|pmid=19210197|s2cid=25263166}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last1=Bergman|first1=R. Lindsey|last2=Piacentini|first2=John|last3=McCracken|first3=James T.|date=August 2002|title=Prevalence and description of selective mutism in a school-based sample|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-american-academy-child-adolescent-psychiatry_2002-08_41_8/page/938|journal=Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry|volume=41|issue=8|pages=938–946|doi=10.1097/00004583-200208000-00012|issn=0890-8567|pmid=12162629|s2cid=20947226}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Moodiɗam ngam moodiɗam footi waɗugo nder haɓɓugo e ɓernde ɓernde autism walla nyau feere. Fuuji feere hakkunde mutism haɓɓuki e ɓeydaaki ɗemngal hawti e autism malla nyauji feere ha yiɗi faamugo nyau man.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last1=Steffenburg|first1=Hanna|last2=Steffenburg|first2=Suzanne|last3=Gillberg|first3=Christopher|last4=Billstedt|first4=Eva|date=2018-05-07|title=Children with autism spectrum disorders and selective mutism|journal=Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment|volume=14|pages=1163–1169|doi=10.2147/NDT.S154966|issn=1176-6328|pmc=5944454|pmid=29765220|doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

ɓe ɗon mari wolde haa ɓaawo ɗon ɓe ɗon mari haala, ɓe ɗon waawataa wolde ngam daliila ɓernde malla ɓernde, koo nde ɗum ɗon ɓesda bana daliila ɓesngu. Walaa  haani ha haalaaji ha ɓurna yimɓe mawɓe boo ina waawi wonde e ɓernde ɓernde.

== Daliila fuɗɗam e daliila neurological ==
Bana ɓikkoy ɓe ngalaa haala, ɓe mbaawataa wolwugo bee maɓɓe koo ɓe mbaawata haala. Wondiral hawtaade e ɓeydaade ɗemngal ina waawi waɗde ngam daliila feere-feere.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/childdevelopment/language-disorders.html|title=Language and Speech Disorders in Children {{!}} CDC|last=CDC|date=2019-01-30|website=Centers for Disease Control and Prevention|language=en-us|access-date=2020-04-19}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://medlineplus.gov/speechandcommunicationdisorders.html|title=Speech and Communication Disorders|website=medlineplus.gov|access-date=2020-04-20}}&lt;/ref&gt;  

Ɗemngal ngal waawaa wonde e ɓeydaade ɓamtaare feere. Misaalu, sukaaɓe be nyau Down ɗon mari ɓeydaandi habaru e habaru.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last1=Marrus|first1=Natasha|last2=Hall|first2=Lacey|date=2017|title=Intellectual Disability and Language Disorder|journal=Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America|volume=26|issue=3|pages=539–554|doi=10.1016/j.chc.2017.03.001|issn=1056-4993|pmc=5801738|pmid=28577608}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last1=Martin|first1=Gary E.|last2=Klusek|first2=Jessica|last3=Estigarribia|first3=Bruno|last4=Roberts|first4=Joanne E.|date=2009|title=Language Characteristics of Individuals with Down Syndrome|journal=Topics in Language Disorders|volume=29|issue=2|pages=112–132|doi=10.1097/tld.0b013e3181a71fe1|issn=0271-8294|pmc=2860304|pmid=20428477}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.ndsccenter.org/programs-resources/speech-and-language/|title=Speech and Language Resources {{!}} National Down Syndrome Congress|language=en-US|access-date=2020-04-19}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Sukaaɓe be autism, ɓe ɗon anndina bana nyau ɓamtaare ɓernde nder DSM-V, ɗon holla ɓeydaaki.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Volkers|first=Nancy|date=2018|title=Untangling the Language Challenges of Autism|journal=The ASHA Leader|language=EN|volume=22|issue=4|pages=54–59|doi=10.1044/leader.FTR2.22042017.54}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/autism-spectrum-disorder-communication-problems-children|title=Autism Spectrum Disorder: Communication Problems in Children|date=2015-08-18|website=NIDCD|language=en|access-date=2020-04-19}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Kuɗol ==
Fuuɗuki ɓikkoy be ɓeydaaki ɗemngal ngam anndugo to ɓeydaaku [[ɗemngal]] waɗi ngam haala feere. Misaaluji nyauji ɗi ɗon hawta be nyau nyau nyau nyauɓe, nyau nyauɓe nannguki e apraxia. Ɗuum laabi nyau ndu ɗonno haandi nyau ndu. Ɗemngal ngal footi wallitde haala haala, haala jaɓɓugo haala, malla ɗiɗo fuu. Fuuɗuki haandi footi huutoreeɓe artikulaation, fluency (stuttering) e feere haandi haandi haanduki haandi haani. Misaalu, kuugal haalaaji e ɗemngal ina waawi ɓamtude haalaaji haalaaji ngam sukaaɓe ɓe njogii caɗeele fonoloji.&lt;ref name=&quot;:02&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|url=https://www.aafp.org/afp/2011/0515/p1183.html|title=Speech and Language delay in children|publisher=American Association of Family Physicians|date=May 2011|journal=American Family Physician|volume=83|issue=10|pages=1183–1188|pmid=21568252|last1=McLaughlin|first1=M. R.}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;:32&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.oralmotorinstitute.org/mons/v2n2_marshalla.html|title=Oral Motor Institute|website=oralmotorinstitute.org|access-date=2020-04-13}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:12&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/actearly/whyActEarly.html|title=Why Act Early if You're Concerned about Development?|date=2019-12-09|publisher=Centers for Disease Control and Prevention|website=CDC.gov|language=en-us|access-date=2020-04-17}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last1=Roberts|first1=Megan|last2=Kaiser|first2=Ann|date=2015-03-02|title=Early Intervention for Toddlers With Language Delays: A Randomized Controlled Trial|journal=[[Pediatrics (journal)|Pediatrics]]|volume=135|issue=4|pages=686–693|doi=10.1542/peds.2014-2134|pmid=25733749|pmc=4379460}}&lt;/ref&gt;

.Kuugal hawtaade e kuugal ngam yahugo bana bana bana bana ɗum waɗii bana bana bana non, ɗum waɗii ngam ɓeydaade ɗemngal. Misaalu, nyau nyau ndu'e haɓɓii ɗum haɓɓiiɗum e anndal ngal hawti e hawtaade e nder kawtal yimɓe.  Caaydango sundbergs e kowngal frame e verbal haaliyyaje baawoɓe wooɗitango waaɗite waatengo modality e kawtalje fere fere de fukaraabe analysis(aba) e baaci faamarɗe e wurtago, bolletal haytaare,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last1=Lei|first1=Jiedi|last2=Ventola|first2=Pamela|date=2017-06-20|title=Pivotal response treatment for autism spectrum disorder: current perspectives|journal=Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment|volume=13|pages=1613–1626|doi=10.2147/NDT.S120710|issn=1176-6328|pmc=5488784|pmid=28790824|doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.autismspeaks.org/verbal-behavior-therapy|title=Verbal Behavior Therapy|website=Autism Speaks|language=en|access-date=2020-04-20}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Firo no haani haalaaji ngam haalaaji haalaaji, hawti e jaŋde, e, dow jaŋde ɗum, jaŋde golle, jaŋge ɓalli, e/ko jaŋde haalaaji. Fuuɗugo ngam mutism ngam yiɗugo hawti  jaɓugo, jaɓugo e jaɓgol jaɓugo. Kuɗol ngam ɓeydaaki wolde ha mawɓe ɓe ɗon mari wolde haa ɓaawo ɗon hawta hujja ngam heɓugo daliila, hawti e daliilaji hawti e warugo, ha ɓaawo ɗon ɗum haɓɓugo ko haani. Fuuɗugo ina waawi hawtude e jaɓɓugo, walla jaɓɓugo ko'e mum, haa e dow daliila ɓeydaaki wolde.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.apraxia-kids.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/01/BHSM-Fact-Sheet-2.pdf|title=Treatment Approaches for Children with Childhood Apraxia of Speech (CAS)|first=Sue|last=Caspari|year=2018|website=apraxia-kids.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/childhood-apraxia-of-speech/symptoms-causes/syc-20352045|title=Childhood apraxia of speech - Symptoms and causes|website=mayoclinic.org|publisher=Mayo Clinic|language=en|access-date=2020-04-13}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/speech-therapy.html|title=Speech-Language Therapy (for Parents)|publisher=Nemours KidsHealth|website=kidshealth.org|access-date=2020-04-20}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/selective-mutism/|title=Selective mutism|date=2017-10-19|website=nhs.uk|language=en|access-date=2020-04-20}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last1=Lincoln|first1=Tania M.|last2=Riehle|first2=Marcel|last3=Pillny|first3=Matthias|last4=Helbig-Lang|first4=Sylvia|last5=Fladung|first5=Anne-Katharina|last6=Hartmann-Riemer|first6=Matthias|last7=Kaiser|first7=Stefan|date=2017-12-05|title=Using Functional Analysis as a Framework to Guide Individualized Treatment for Negative Symptoms|journal=Frontiers in Psychology|volume=8|pages=2108|doi=10.3389/fpsyg.2017.02108|issn=1664-1078|pmc=5723417|pmid=29259567|doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.urmc.rochester.edu/encyclopedia/content.aspx?ContentTypeID=34&amp;ContentID=22953-1|title=Learning to Speak Again After Laryngeal Surgery|encyclopedia=Health Encyclopedia|publisher=[[University of Rochester Medical Center]]|via=urmc.rochester.edu|access-date=2020-04-20}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Jaɓɓorgo Ganndal ==
Jaɓɓorgo hawti e naftoraade kuuje banaaji, noddinaaɗe haalde e ɓeydaade. Fuuɗuki e haaniwol laawol ɗon jeyaa e baawɗe ɓalli yimɓe e kuuɗe maɓɓe.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.spectrumnews.org/opinion/viewpoint/families-need-guidance-buying-communication-app-autism/|title=Families need guidance before buying a communication app for autism|date=2019-04-23|website=Spectrum {{!}} Autism Research News|language=en-US|access-date=2020-04-14}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Fedde habaru ɓeydi e footi fuɗɗii diga software habaru ngam tablet ngam hokkata habaru habaru haɗi bee tagdi nanki to habaru ha habaru ha nder teknoloji. Misaalu, laawol gootol hawti e huutoreeɗe fotooji ɗi waawi wonde e ɓesngu velcro ngam waɗugo laawol habaru jaɓɓorgo nde warata ko haani annduki ko haani walla ɓesngu motori ngam huutoreeki tablet.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.livingmadeeasy.org.uk/communication/augmentative-and-alternative-communication-(aac)-3552/|title=Communication aids for disabled children - Living made easy|website=www.livingmadeeasy.org.uk|access-date=2020-04-14}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Kuje ɗe ɗon waɗa wolde ɗon walli yimɓe ɓe ɗon mari halluɓe wolde ngam daliila nyauɓe ɗon walli wolde, nyauɓe haalanki ngam walli wolwe, malla kuje ɗe walli wolve. Ɗuum ɓeydi ɓeydaade e laaɓal huutoreede.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.childrenshospital.org/Centers-and-Services/Programs/A-_-E/als-augmentative-communication-program/protocol-of-assessment-considerations/speech-generating-devices|title=ALS Augmentative Communication Program {{!}} Speech-Generating Devices {{!}} Boston Children's Hospital|website=www.childrenshospital.org|access-date=2020-04-20}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ndaare kadi ==

* Aphasia
* Aphonia
* Wondirde ɓeydiingo e feere
* Autism
* Ɓaaɗe
* Ɓamtaare ɓamtaare
* Dysarthria
* Dyslalia
* Ɓeydaaki wolde
* Ɓeydaaki wolde
* Paresis ɓuɓɓugo

== Firooji ==</text>
      <sha1>q6tveu6o4arhploihwczcz0l16zbtd2</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>No Longer at Ease</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>12038</id>
    <revision>
      <id>183505</id>
      <parentid>78586</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-20T14:25:44Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>6960</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Add 2 books for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260820sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]]</comment>
      <origin>183505</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="8097" sha1="b98p32mfxlsgsdkhswz7an71913jt9s" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}'''Ko nattii e jam''' ko deftere nde winndiyanke Naajeeriya biyeteeɗo Chinua Achebe winndi e hitaande 1960. Ko daartol gorko Igbo gooto, Obi Okonkwo, mo ummi wuro mum ngam janngude to Angalteer, caggal ɗuum o golli e nder sarwiis laamu koloñaal Naajeeriya, kono o luurdi hakkunde pinal makko Afrik e nguurndam Hirnaange, o joofniri ko ƴettude njoɓdi. Deftere nde ko golle ɗiɗmere e nder ko sahaa e sahaa fof wiyetee &quot;trilogie africaine&quot;, caggal Things Fall Apart e arde Arrow of God, hay so tawii noon Arrow of God ina adii ɗum e nder limlebbi tati ɗii. Geɗe Fall Apart ko ko faati e hare mawniiko Obi Okonkwo biyeteeɗo Okonkwo ngam haɓaade mbayliigaaji ɗi Angalteer ngaddi.

=== Tiitoonde deftere ndee Tiitoonde deftere ndee ummorii ko e diidi udditirɗi jimɗi T. S. Eliot, &quot;Jaɓɓungal Magi&quot;: ===

=== En ngartii e nokkuuji men, ɗiin Laamuuji, Kono nattii welde ɗoo, e jamaanu ɓooyɗo oo, E leñol jananngol ina nanngi laamɓe mum en. Miɗo foti weltaade e maayde woɗnde. ===

=== Ciimtol plot Deftere nde fuɗɗotoo ko e ñaawoore Obi Okonkwo e tuumeede jaɓde njoɓdi. Ndeen nde diwii e sahaa haa yettii nokku hade makko yahde Angalteer, nde gollorii laawol mum yeeso ngam siftinde no Obi joofniri e ñaawoore. ===
Terɗe fedde Umuofia Progressive Union (UPU), fedde ɓiɓɓe leydi Umuofia ɓe ngummii gure mum en ngam hoɗde e gure mawɗe leydi Naajeeriya, ɓe ƴettii koolol ngam neldude Obi to leydi Angalteer ngam janngude sariya, e dow yaakaare wonde o artirta to wallude leñol mum e daranaade ɗum en e nder sariyaaji koloñaal, haa teeŋti noon e ko fayti e geɗe leydi. Kono Obi wayli jaŋde mum mawnde e Engele, o hawri e Clara Okeke, janngoowo infirmiyee, ko adii fof e nder jimɗi.

Obi warti lesdi Naajeeriya ɓaawo duuɓi nayi janngirde, o jooɗi Lagos bee soobaajo maako Joseph. O ƴetta golle e fedde Bursiiji, o fotnoo ko yoɓeede ɗoon e ɗoon, gorko gooto ina yiɗi heɓde bursi miñiiko debbo. So Obi saliima eɓɓoore ndee e tikkere, o yillotoo ko suka debbo oo e hoore mum, o holliti wonde maa o ñamlu mo ballal jokkere enɗam ngam heɓde bursi oo, eɓɓoore woɗnde Obi salii.

E oon sahaa gooto, Obi ina ƴellitoo e jokkondiral giɗli e Clara mo o holliti wonde ko osu, ko iwdi makko riiwti, ɗum firti ko Obi waawaa resde mo e les laabi aadaaji Igbos. O heddii e anniya resde Clara, kono hay baaba makko Kerecee’en ina salii, hay so tawii noon o saliima sabu yiɗde makko yahrude yeeso e woppude aadaaji &quot;heen&quot; ɗi Najeriya ko adii koloñaal. Yumma makko ina ñaagoo mo e leeso maayde makko nde o resndata Clara haa caggal maayde makko, omo hulɓina mo so ɓiyiiko ɗooftaaki. So Obi humpitiima Clara ɗee geɗe, Clara taƴata jokkere enɗam, holliti wonde o reedu. Obi yuɓɓini ruttaade ɓiɗɗo mo Clara yiɗaa, kono o dañii caɗeele, o salii yiyde Obi. Obi ina ɓeydoo luggiɗde e caɗeele kaalis, heen geɗel ko sabu ŋakkeende peeje e joofnirde makko, heen geɗel kadi ko sabu ŋakkeende yoɓde ñamaande makko e UPU e yoɓde jaŋde banndiraaɓe makko, heen geɗel kadi ko sabu njoɓdi ruttaade e ɓiɗɗo mo sariya haɗi.

Caggal nde o nani maayde yumma makko, Obi yani e ŋoral mawngal, o yahdaani e galle ngam yahde wirwirnde, ɗum noon ko sabu o miijii wonde kaalis mo o huutortoo ngam yahde e artude ina ɓurnoo huutoreede e wirwirnde ndee e wallude yaltude sara galle oo. So o sellii, o fuɗɗotoo ko jaɓde ñamri e nder jaɓde wonde ko ɗum laawol aduna makko.

Deftere nde udditii nde Obi ƴetti njoɓdi, o wiyi hoore makko ko kañum woni gadiiɗo o ƴettata, tan o yiyti njoɓdi ndii ina jeyaa e golle sting. O nanngaama, o addani en haa e kewuuji udditnooɗi daartol ngolTiitooɗe
Hay so tawii ko duuɓi capanɗe keewɗi caggal nde geɗe ɗee njippii, No Longer at Ease ina jokki e tiitooɗe keewɗe ummoraade e deftere Achebe adannde ndee. Ɗoo noon, luural hakkunde pinal Orop e pinal gaadantewal wonti ko ɓuuɓngal e nder yontaaji juutɗi laamu koloñaal. Obi ina hatojini e ballondiral e ɗaɓɓaande ɓesngu mum e wuro mum ngam ballal kaalis tawa ina jokki e jogaade ngalu pinal hirnaange.

Yanti heen, Achebe hollitii jokkondiral ɓesngu hakkunde Ogbuefi Okonkwo e nder filmo « Geɗe ina njuumta » e taaniiko biyeteeɗo Obi Okonkwo e nder « Nattii weltaade » . Worɓe ɗiɗo ɓee fof ko ƴaañooɓe, ina kaala hakkillaaji mum en, ina njogii heen geɗe bonɗe. Kono, ngool mbaydi cemmbinndi ina feeñira e laabi ceertuɗi. Ɗo mawniiko wonnoo neɗɗo golloowo e fitina, Obi ko neɗɗo konngol e miijooji haa arti noon e golle&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|last=Rogers|first=Philip|title=&quot;No Longer at Ease&quot;: Chinua Achebe's &quot;Heart of Whiteness&quot;|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_research-in-african-literatures_summer-1983_14_2/page/165|journal=Research in African Literatures|year=1983|volume=14|issue=2|pages=165–183|jstor=3818384}}&lt;/ref&gt; Daartol ngol ina hollita tiitoonde fenaande.

=== Jaɓɓugo No Longer at Ease fuɗɗii ko e ƴeewte moƴƴe. Mercedes Mackay mo fedde laamɗo Afrik teskiima wonde &quot;Ngolɗoo deftere ɗiɗaɓere Chinua Achebe ɓuri adannde makko, kadi ina waɗa oo Naajeeriyaajo e yeeso winndooɓe Afrik hirnaange.&quot;}&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt; Arthur Lerner of Los Angeles City College wrote that &quot;The second novel of this young Nigerian author continues the promise of its predecessor, ''Things Fall Apart''.&quot;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;ref&gt; Arthur Lerner mo duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Los Angeles City winndi wonde &quot;Ɗiɗaɓol ngol deftere ndee suka binndoowo Naajeeriya ina jokki e fodoore nde adii nde, Things Fall Apart.&quot;&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|last=Lerner|first=Arthur|title=No Longer at Ease by Chinua Achebe|journal=Books Abroad|date=Summer 1961|volume=35|issue=3|page=233|doi=10.2307/40115804|jstor=40115804}}&lt;/ref&gt; Deftere nde ina yettee no feewi sabu ko nde hollirta nguurndam Lagos e nder fuɗɗoode kitaale 1960. Kono won ƴeewooɓe cikkatnoo ko hakkille Achebe e detal e nder setting waɗiraa ko e mbaydi timmundi fleshing out jikkuuji makko. Ben Mkapa mo W.E.B. DuBois Institute winndii, &quot;Achebe ina jogii yi’annde yaajnde e aduna mo o winndata oo, kono ko metti heen, ngool yaajde ina feeñi e luggiɗde sifaaji. Clara, mo woni kala ina jogii cakkital e nder majjere Obi timmunde, ko kono ko timmaani; ko ɓuri heewde e... heddiiɓe ɓee ko inɗe tan, jikkuuji makko ko wakilaaji, wonaa goonga.&quot; ===
&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|last=Mkapa|first=Ben|title=No Longer at Ease by Chinua Achebe|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_transition_1962-01_2_3/page/36|journal=Transition|date=January 1962|issue=3|page=36|doi=10.2307/2934565|jstor=2934565}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;

To

Binndi Afrik. 14 (2): 165-183. JSTOR 3818384.
Mackay, Mersedes (oktoobar 1961). &quot;Nattii weltaade e Chinua Achebe&quot;. Geɗe Afrik. 60 (241): 549-550. JSTOR 719005.
Lerner, Artur (duuɓi 1961). &quot;Nattii weltaade e Chinua Achebe&quot;. Defte caggal leydi. 35 (3): 233. Dowlaaji 10.2307/40115804. JSTOR 40115804.
Mkapa, Ben (lewru lewru Yarkoma hitaande 1962). &quot;Nattii weltaade e Chinua Achebe&quot;. Jaltugol (3): 36. doi:10.2307/2934565. JSTOR 2934565.

=== Jokkondire yaajɗe No Longer at Ease deftere janngugol, tiitooɗe, ciimtol, multimedia, kaɓirɗe jannginooɓe ‘Geɗe ɗee njippiima’: Duuɓi 50 caggal ɗuum Sparknotes ngam Nattii e Weeyo vte Sinuwaa Achebe Portaluuji: banndiraagal Nijeer ===

== Kitaale 1960 ==

=== icon Defte Dataaji toppitiiɗi laamu Waylu ɗum e Wikidata Categories: Defte Chinua Achebe1960 Defte NaajeeriyaIgboland nder fictionDefte Naajeeriya ɗemngal EngeleDefte ɗemngal NaajeeriyaDefte ɗe ɗon nder Afrik koloñaalDefte ɗe ɗon nder LagosDefte jokkindirɗeHeinemann (bayyinoowo) Defte Winndooɓe Afrik Ngoo hello sakkiti baylaade ko ñalnde 26 Suwee 2024, waktu 12:24. Binndol ina tawee e les njiimaandi Creative Commons 4.0; sarɗiiji ɓeydooji ina mbaawi huutoreede. So a huutoriima lowre ndee, a jaɓii Sarɗiiji kuutoragol e Kuutorgal Sirlu. Wikipedia® ko maande njulaagu winnditaande Fedde Wikimedia, Inc., fedde nde wonaa laamuyankoore. Doosgal sirluKo fayti e WikipediaJaaɓɗeJokkondirde e WikipediaKoɗkiDefoowoLimtoojiBayyinaango kuukiYiyngo mobiilWikimediaFoundationPowered by MediaWiki ===</text>
      <sha1>b98p32mfxlsgsdkhswz7an71913jt9s</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Wojere</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>16585</id>
    <revision>
      <id>183422</id>
      <parentid>180846</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-20T12:14:51Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>6960</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Add 2 books for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260820sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]]</comment>
      <origin>183422</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="24403" sha1="7ltj9hngrcdzxib9xbom37nc863sitd" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}'''Wojere''' ko woojere do'u daabaaji tokoosi e nder galle Leporidae (ina jeyaa heen kadi mborosaaji), tawi ina jeyaa e doggol Lagomorpha (ina heen kadi pikas). Mbaroodi Yuroopu, Oryctolagus cuniculus woni iwdi teemedde mbaydiiji mbaroodi galleeji e nder winndere ndee. Sylvilagus ina waɗi lambaare  13 sifaa mboros ladde, ina heen sifaaji jeeɗiɗi cotton. Mbaroodi [[Yuroopu]], ndi naatnaa e kala duunde so wonaa Antarktik, ina anndaa e winndere ndee kala, ko daabaaji ladde, ko sifaa jawdi ndariindi e jawdi ndariindi. E batte mum yaajɗe e ekolooji e pine, e nder nokkuuji keewɗi e winndere ndee, mboros oo ina jeyaa e ko ɓuri heewde e nguurndam – ko nguura, ko ɓoornateeri, ko sehil, ko ƴoƴre 

Rawaaji ko dental parafiletik, ɗi ngonaa klade, sibu hares ina njibina e nder klade Leporidae, ɗi ngonaa e nder rabbi.

Hay so tawii noon ko adii ɗuum ina cikka ko ɓowɗi, lagomorf en ina ceerti ko adii ɗuum, ina njogii sifaaji keewɗi ɗi ɓowɗi ngalaa, ina heen kadi ƴiye ɗiɗi ɓeydooje.

== '''Terminoloji e etimoloji''' ==
Mbaroodi gorko ina wiyee buuba; debbo wiyetee ko doe. Helmere ɓooynde ngam ɓoccoonde mawnde huutorteende haa e teeminannde 18th ko coney (ina ummii e ɗemngal Latin cuniculus), tawi noon ɓoccoonde meeɗiino wiyde tan ko daabaaji tokoosi.&lt;ref name=&quot;EtymRabbit&quot;&gt;{{OEtymD|rabbit|accessdate=2024-09-17}}&lt;/ref&gt; Helmere woɗnde ngam ɓiɗɓe leɗɗe ko bunny, hay so tawii noon ndee helmere ina heewi huutoreede e nder njuɓɓudi (haa teeŋti e sukaaɓe) e ɓowɗi keewɗi, haa teeŋti noon e ɓowɗi galleeji.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|last1=Zapletal|first1=D.|last2=Švancarová|first2=D.|last3=Gálik|first3=B.|year=2021|title=Growth of suckled rabbit kits depending on litter size at birth|journal=Acta Fytotechnica et Zootechnica|volume=24|issue=1|pages=55–59|doi=10.15414/afz.2021.24.01.55-59|doi-access=free|issn=1335-258X}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|last1=Booth|first1=J.L.|last2=Peng|first2=X.|last3=Baccon|first3=J.|last4=Cooper|first4=T.K.|year=2013|title=Multiple complex congenital malformations in a rabbit kit (Oryctolagus cuniculi)|journal=Comparative Medicine|volume=63|issue=4|pages=342–347|pmc=3750670|pmid=24209970}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ko ɓuri jooni, helmere kit walla kitten ina huutoree ngam wiyde ɓiɗɗo mboddi.

Fedde ɓowɗi ina anndiree koloñaal walla ɓuuɓri (walla, sahaa e sahaa fof, warren, hay so tawii noon ɗum ɓuri heewde firtude ko ɗo ɓowɗi ɗii nguuri).&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.ojohaven.com/collectives|title=The Collective Noun Page|access-date=2008-01-30|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080201105020/http://www.ojohaven.com/collectives/|archive-date=1 February 2008|df=dmy-all}}&lt;/ref&gt; Fedde ɓiɗɓe ɓowɗi jibinaaɗi e jibinannde wootere ina wiyee liɗɗi&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.merckvetmanual.com/all-other-pets/rabbits/breeding-and-reproduction-of-rabbits|title=Breeding and Reproduction of Rabbits|last=McClure|first=Diane|year=2018|website=Merck Veterinary Manual|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180106120335/https://www.merckvetmanual.com/all-other-pets/rabbits/breeding-and-reproduction-of-rabbits|archive-date=6 January 2018|url-status=live|access-date=5 January 2018|df=dmy-all}}&lt;/ref&gt; e fedde ɓiɗɓe leɗɗe galleeji jooɗiiɓe ina wiyee sahaa e sahaa fof ɓiɗɓe leɗɗe.&lt;ref name=&quot;usgs&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.npwrc.usgs.gov/about/faqs/animals/names.htm|title=Common Questions: What Do You Call a Group of...?|work=archived copy of Animal Congregations, or What Do You Call a Group of.....?|publisher=U.S. Geological Survey Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150320071411/http://www.npwrc.usgs.gov/about/faqs/animals/names.htm|archive-date=20 March 2015|url-status=dead|access-date=26 February 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Konngol rabbit ngol e hoore mum ummii ko e ɗemngal Engele hakkundeewal rabet, ko ngal ƴettugol e ɗemngal Walloon robète, ngal wonnoo ko diminutif e Farayse walla Holanndee hakkundeejo robbe.&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation|last=Korth|first=William W.|title=Classification of Rodents|date=1994|work=The Tertiary Record of Rodents in North America|series=Topics in Geobiology|volume=12|pages=27–34|editor-last=|editor-first=|url=https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-1-4899-1444-6_4|access-date=2024-09-16|place=Boston, MA|publisher=Springer US|language=en|doi=10.1007/978-1-4899-1444-6_4|isbn=978-1-4899-1444-6}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Taxonomy ==
Ko adii ɗuum, ɓowɗi e mborosaaji ina limtee e doggol Rodentia (rodent) haa hitaande 1912, nde ɓe ngartiraa e doggol kesol, hono Lagomorpha (ina heen kadi pikas). Les ɗo, yoga e leƴƴi e sifaaji mboros oo.

Ɓoornugol tokosol, ɓuuɓngol, ɓuuɓngol, ngol noppi mum ina tiiɗi, ina jooɗii e leydi hakkunde ƴiye maayɗe.

=== Koɗki ===
[[File:Rabbit bunny.jpg|thumb|Ɓoornugol mbabba]]Rawaandu ina ɓooyi wonde koɗorɗe. Mbaroodi Yuroopu ina yaaji e nder jawdi, fuɗɗoraade e Rome ɓooyɗo. Jibinannde cuɓaande, fuɗɗiinde e yontaaji hakkundeeji, jibinii jibinanndeeji keewɗi, ɗi heewɓe (gila e fuɗɗoode teeminannde 19ɓiire) ina njogii kadi ko wayi no jawdi ndariindi.[9] Won e mbaydiiji mborosaaji njibinaama teeŋti noon e fannuuji wiɗto.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|last1=Mapara|first1=M.|last2=Thomas|first2=B.|last3=Bhat|first3=K.|date=2012|title=Rabbit as an animal model for experimental research|journal=Dental Research Journal|volume=9|issue=1|pages=111–8|doi=10.4103/1735-3327.92960|doi-broken-date=1 November 2024|pmc=3283968|pmid=22363373|quote=Amongst various strains, New Zealand white strains of rabbits are commonly being used for research activities. These strains are less aggressive in nature and have less health problems as compared with other breeds.|doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ko jawdi, ɓowɗi ina njibina kosam mum en e ƴiye mum en. Jibinanndeeji gadani ɗii ko ɓuuɓri kosam teeŋtundi, ko ɗum waɗi ɗi ɓuri mawnude e ɓowɗi ladde, kono ɓowɗi galleeji e jamaanu hannde oo ina mbaɗi mawneeki gila e ɓuuɓri haa e ɓuuɓri mawndi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Julie Kimber|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JWpODwAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA10|title=Issues on War and Peace|author2=Phillip Deery|author3=Warwick Eather|author4=Drew Cottle|author5=Michael Hamel-Green|author6=Nic Maclelland|author7=Doris LeRoy|author8=Jeanette Debney-Joyce|author9=Jonathan Strauss|date=2014|publisher=Australian Society for the Study of Labour History/Leftbank Press|isbn=978-0-9803883-3-6|page=10|author10=David Faber}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;meatsci&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author1=Marco Cullere|author2=Antonella Dalle Zotte|date=2018|title=Rabbit meat production and consumption: State of knowledge and future perspectives|journal=Meat Science|volume=143|pages=137–146|doi=10.1016/j.meatsci.2018.04.029|pmid=29751220}}&lt;/ref&gt; Fuuɗngo mboɗeeri, teddungo sabu softeende mum, ina tawee e mbaydiiji coftal ɓalli e mbaydiiji keewɗi, kam e njuuteendi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Tislerics|first=Ati|title=''Oryctolagus cuniculus''|url=https://animaldiversity.org/accounts/Oryctolagus_cuniculus/#3a0538fe6c2441bc4dad900e89213ec7|access-date=May 21, 2024|website=Animal Diversity Web}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Fiorello&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|last1=Fiorello|first1=Christine V.|last2=German|first2=R.Z.|date=February 1997|title=Heterochrony within species: craniofacial growth in giant, standard, and dwarf rabbits|journal=Evolution|volume=51|issue=1|pages=250–261|doi=10.1111/j.1558-5646.1997.tb02406.x|pmid=28568789|s2cid=205780205|doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt; Yeru, iwdi ɓowɗi Angora, ƴellitaama sabu ɓuuɓri mum juutndi, silki, ndi heewi ɓuuɓneede ko e juuɗe ngam waɗtude ɗum ɓuuɓri. Jibinanndeeji goɗɗi gonɗi e nder galleeji ɗii, ko adii fof ko ngam njulaagu ƴiye, ina heen Rex, jogiiɗo wuttulo juutngo.&lt;ref name=&quot;Angora Wool Production&quot;&gt;{{Citation|last1=Samson|first1=Leslie|title=Angora Wool Production|date=2022-05-11|work=Rabbit Production|pages=292–302|url=http://www.cabidigitallibrary.org/doi/10.1079/9781789249811.0022|access-date=2024-05-26|edition=10|place=GB|publisher=CABI|language=en|doi=10.1079/9781789249811.0022|isbn=978-1-78924-978-1|url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Biyoloji ==
[[File:Set_of_wax_models_showing_development_of_the_rabbit_heart,_twentieth_century_(24226156252).jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Set_of_wax_models_showing_development_of_the_rabbit_heart,_twentieth_century_(24226156252).jpg|left|thumb|Wax models showing the development of the rabbit heart]]
Sabu epiglottis ɓoccoonde ina golloroo e dow ɓuuɓri softundi so wonaa nde ɓuuɓnata, ɓoccoonde ko fooftere nofru farliinde.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last1=Asher|first1=RJ|last2=Meng|first2=J|last3=Wible|first3=JR|last4=McKenna|first4=MC|last5=Rougier|first5=GW|last6=Dashzeveg|first6=D|last7=Novacek|first7=MJ|title=Stem Lagomorpha and the antiquity of Glires|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_science_2005-02-18_307_5712/page/1091|journal=Science|date=February 18, 2005|volume=307|issue=5712|pages=1091–4|doi=10.1126/science.1107808|pmid=15718468|bibcode=2005Sci...307.1091A}}&lt;/ref&gt; Rawaandu ina jogii dente ɗiɗi ɓutte, heen gootel ina woni caggal goɗɗo oo. Ko noon ɗe mbaawirta seertude e mborosaaji, ɗi keewi jiiɓrude.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last1=Johnson-Delaney|first1=CA|last2=Orosz|first2=SE|title=Rabbit respiratory system: clinical anatomy, physiology and disease|journal=Vet Clin North Am Exot Anim Pract|date=May 2011|volume=14|issue=2|pages=257–66|doi=10.1016/j.cvex.2011.03.002|pmid=21601814}}&lt;/ref&gt; Seerndi ɗum kadi ko wonande ɓowɗi, dente mum en fof ina njokki mawnude, ɗo ko ɓuri heewde e ɓowɗi ɗii, ko ƴiye mum en tan njokki mawnude. Carl Linnaeus fuɗɗiima renndinde ɓowɗi e mborosaaji e les njiimaandi Glires; caggal mum, ɗe ceerti ko no nanondiral ganndal nii, ko heewi e nanndugol majji ko batte ƴellitaare kawrital. Ko ɓooyaani koo, wiɗtooji ADN e yiytude iwdi gooto ina mballita e miijo wonde ɓe ngoni ko e leñol gootol, ko ɗum waɗi hannde, ɓowɗi e mborosaaji ina keewi renndinde e nder njuɓɓudi ɓurndi heewde Glires.&lt;ref name=&quot;VellaDonnelly&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|editor-first1=Katherine|editor-last1=Quesenberry|editor-first2=Connie J.|editor-last2=Orcutt|editor-first3=Christoph|editor-last3=Mans|editor-first4=James W.|editor-last4=Carpenter|title=Ferrets, Rabbits, and Rodents: Clinical Medicine and Surgery|edition=4th|date=2020|chapter=Basic Anatomy, Physiology, and Husbandry of Rabbits|pages=131–149|first1=Thomas M.|last1=Donnelly|first2=David|last2=Vella|doi=10.1016/B978-0-323-48435-0.00011-3|isbn=978-0-323-48435-0}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Kriegs&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last1=Kriegs|first1=JO|last2=Churakov|first2=G|last3=Jurka|first3=J|last4=Brosius|first4=J|last5=Schmitz|first5=J|title=Evolutionary history of 7SL RNA-derived SINEs in Supraprimates|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_trends-in-genetics_2007-04_23_4/page/158|journal=Trends in Genetics|volume=23|issue=4|pages=158–61|date=April 2007|pmid=17307271|doi=10.1016/j.tig.2007.02.002}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Morfolooji ===
[[File:Wild_black_Oryctologus_cuniculus.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Wild_black_Oryctologus_cuniculus.jpg|thumb|[[:en:Melanism|melanistik]] Koloor &lt;small&gt;''Oryctologus cuniculus''&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;wojere Yuroopu (ladde)&lt;/small&gt;

]]
[[File:Cmglee_Horniman_rabbit_skin_skeleton.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Cmglee_Horniman_rabbit_skin_skeleton.jpg|left|thumb|Kosam mboɗejam]]
Nde tawnoo njaaweeki e ƴoƴre ko kañum en ɓuri waawde reentaade ɓowɗi e mborosaaji (ina heen ɓowɗi jaawɗi), ɓowɗi ina njogii ƴiye koyɗe caggal mawɗe e ƴiye ƴellitiiɗe no feewi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last1=Hall|first1=Patrick|last2=Stubbs|first2=Caleb|last3=Anderson|first3=David E.|last4=Greenacre|first4=Cheryl|last5=Crouch|first5=Dustin L.|date=2022-06-17|title=Rabbit hindlimb kinematics and ground contact kinetics during the stance phase of gait|journal=PeerJ|language=en|volume=10|pages=e13611|doi=10.7717/peerj.13611|doi-access=free|issn=2167-8359|pmc=9208372|pmid=35734635}}&lt;/ref&gt; Hay so tawii ko plantigrade e fooftere, ɓowɗi ina ngondi e koyɗe mum en ina ndoga, ina cikka ko ɓuri digitigrade. Ɓowɗi ina kuutoroo ƴiye mum en tiiɗɗe ngam ɓuuɓnude e (e wondude e ƴiye mum en) ngam faabaade.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|last1=d'Ovidio|first1=Dario|last2=Pierantoni|first2=Ludovica|last3=Noviello|first3=Emilio|last4=Pirrone|first4=Federica|title=Sex differences in human-directed social behavior in pet rabbits|journal=Journal of Veterinary Behavior|date=September 2016|volume=15|pages=37–42|doi=10.1016/j.jveb.2016.08.072}}&lt;/ref&gt; Koyngal yeeso kala ina jogii koppi nay ina ɓeydoo heen ɓuuɓri. Koyngal caggal kala ina jogii koppi nay (kono alaa koppi).&lt;ref name=&quot;van Praag&quot;&gt;{{cite web|last1=van Praag|first1=Esther|year=2005|title=Deformed claws in a rabbit, after traumatic fractures|url=http://www.medirabbit.com/EN/Bone_diseases/Anomalies/Nail_kas_en.pdf|publisher=MediRabbit}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ko ɓuri heewde e ɓowɗi ladde (haa teeŋti noon so yerondiraama e ɓowɗi) ina njogii ɓalli keewɗi, nannduɗi e egguuji. Koɗorɗe softuɗe mboɗeeri ladde ko agouti e mbaydi (walla, seeɗa, melanistik), ko ɗum wallitata e kammu. Wuddere ɓoccoonde ndee (so wonaa ɓiɗngel ngel) ina ɓalee dow, ina danee les. Koɗorɗe ina njogii daneeji e dow wutteeji mum en.&lt;ref name=&quot;VellaDonnelly2&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|editor-first1=Katherine|editor-last1=Quesenberry|editor-first2=Connie J.|editor-last2=Orcutt|editor-first3=Christoph|editor-last3=Mans|editor-first4=James W.|editor-last4=Carpenter|title=Ferrets, Rabbits, and Rodents: Clinical Medicine and Surgery|edition=4th|date=2020|chapter=Basic Anatomy, Physiology, and Husbandry of Rabbits|pages=131–149|first1=Thomas M.|last1=Donnelly|first2=David|last2=Vella|doi=10.1016/B978-0-323-48435-0.00011-3|isbn=978-0-323-48435-0}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ngam darnde gite e nder ɓalndu mum, mboros oo ina jogii fannu yiytere ina hawra e fotde 360 ​​degere, tawa ina waɗi tan ko ɓuuɓri tokosiri to ponto nofru.&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation|last1=Peiffer|first1=Robert L.|title=Models in Ophthalmology and Vision Research|date=1994|journal=The Biology of the Laboratory Rabbit|pages=409–433|publisher=Elsevier|language=en|doi=10.1016/b978-0-12-469235-0.50025-7|isbn=978-0-12-469235-0|pmc=7149682|last2=Pohm-Thorsen|first2=Laurie|last3=Corcoran|first3=Kelly}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Elemenji terɗe caggal ===
[[File:Rabbit_hind_limb_skeleton.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Rabbit_hind_limb_skeleton.jpg|left|thumb|Eɓɓoore artikulaasiyoŋ ƴiye ƴiye caggal ɓowɗi e nder defterdu taariindi tagoore to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Pasifik Lutheran]]
Anatomiiji terɗe caggal mboɗeeje ina nanndi e mbaydiiji daabaaji goɗɗi, ina wallita e mbaadiiji mum en keertiiɗi. Kosam ɗam caggal ina waɗi kosam juutɗam (femur, tibia, fibula, e phalanges) kam e kosam juutɗam (tarsal). Ɗeeɗoo ƴiye ina tagaa e ƴiye endokonndral e nder ƴellitaare. Hono no ko ɓuri heewde e daabaaji leydi nii, hoore cirƴaande ndee ina jokkondiri e asetabulum os coxae. Feccere ndee ina jokkondiri e ƴiye, kono wonaa fibula, ko kañum jokkondiri e ƴiye. Tibia e fibula ina jokkondiri e tarsal pes, ko ɓuri heewde wiyeede ko koyngal. Terɗe mbaroodi caggal ɓuri juutde e terɗe yeeso ɗee. Ɗuum ina addana ɓe feewnude mbaadi maɓɓe hopping locomotion. Terɗe caggal ɓurɗe juutde ɓuri waawde feewnude jaawle ɓurɗe yaawde. Hares, jogiiɗe koyɗe ɓurɗe juutde e ɓowɗi cottontail, ina mbaawi yahde no feewi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/practicalanatom00bensgoog|page=[https://archive.org/details/practicalanatom00bensgoog/page/n5 1]|quote=rabbit skeletal anatomy.|title=Practical anatomy of the rabbit|last=Bensley|first=Benjamin Arthur|date=1910|publisher=The University Press}}&lt;/ref&gt; Rawaandu ina jooɗii tan e koyɗe mum so ina diwa; ɗum woni ko wiyetee diƴƴe dijital. Koye caggal ɗee ina njogii koppi nay juutɗi baawɗi waɗde ɗum, ina mbaɗi kadi ɓuuɓri ngam haɗde ɗi sarde so ina njuppa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.merckvetmanual.com/all-other-pets/rabbits/description-and-physical-characteristics-of-rabbits#v34404688|title=Description and Physical Characteristics of Rabbits – All Other Pets – Merck Veterinary Manual|work=Merck Veterinary Manual|access-date=2018-05-11}}&lt;/ref&gt; Rawaandu ngalaa paddorɗe e koyɗe mum no ko ɓuri heewde e daabaaji goɗɗi kuutortooɗi locomotion digitigrade nii. E nder heen, eɗe njogii ƴiye ɓutte ɗe ina ndokka ndeenka.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.exoticpetvet.net/smanimal/rabanatomy.html|title=Rabbit Anatomy|last=D.A.B.V.P.|first=Margaret A. Wissman, D.V.M.|website=exoticpetvet.net|access-date=2018-05-11}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Kosam ===
[[File:Lateral_view_of_rabbit_hind_limb.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Lateral_view_of_rabbit_hind_limb.jpg|thumb|Tergal caggal wojere (yiyngo bannge) ina waɗi ƴiye jokkondirɗe e ƴiye gonɗe e ƴiye.]]
Rawaandu ina jogii koyɗe caggal ɓutte, baawɗe rokkude doole ɓurɗe heewde, e yaawde, e yaawde, ɗe peccii ko e pecce tati mawɗe: koyngal, koyngal, e koyngal. Terɗe caggal mbabba ko sifaa ɓurɗo heewde.&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last1=Lumpkin|first1=Susan|last2=Seidensticker|first2=John|date=2011|title=Rabbits: the animal answer guide|url=https://archive.org/details/rabbitsanimalans0000lump|publisher=Johns Hopkins University Press|isbn=978-1-4214-0126-3|location=Baltimore|oclc=794700391}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ɗi ɓuri juutde e terɗe yeeso ɗee, ina ndokka doole ɓurɗe heewde. Ɓowɗi ina ndoga e koyɗe mum en ngam heɓde yahdu ɓurndu moƴƴude e nder dille.&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot;&gt;{{Citation|last1=Khan|first1=Madiha|title=Lagomorpha Locomotion|date=2021|encyclopedia=Encyclopedia of Animal Cognition and Behavior|pages=1–6|editor-last=Vonk|editor-first=Jennifer|url=http://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-3-319-47829-6_1199-1|access-date=2024-10-08|place=Cham|publisher=Springer International Publishing|language=en|doi=10.1007/978-3-319-47829-6_1199-1|isbn=978-3-319-47829-6|last2=Suh|first2=Angela|last3=Lee|first3=Jenny|last4=Granatosky|first4=Michael C.|editor2-last=Shackelford|editor2-first=Todd|url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt; Doole ɗe terɗe caggal ɗee njaltina ɗee ina mballita e anatomiiji gonɗi e nder ɓalndu fusiyoŋ tibia e fibula, e sifaaji ƴiye.&lt;ref name=&quot;:62&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last1=Lumpkin|first1=Susan|last2=Seidensticker|first2=John|date=2011|title=Rabbits: the animal answer guide|url=https://archive.org/details/rabbitsanimalans0000lump|publisher=Johns Hopkins University Press|isbn=978-1-4214-0126-3|location=Baltimore|oclc=794700391}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Kosam e ittugol ƴiye, to bannge cellal, ina jokkondiri no feewi e ƴiye terɗe caggal. Doggol golle ummoraade e ƴiye ina addana doole ɗe ndeen renndintee e nder ƴiye ƴiye. Ɓowɗi ɗi ngalaa doole, ɗi ngalaa semmbe e ƴiye, ɓuri waawde heɓde osteoporosis sabu ŋakkeende ƴiye.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|last1=Geiser|first1=Max|last2=Trueta|first2=Joseph|title=Muscle action, bone rarefaction and bone formation|journal=The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. British Volume|date=May 1958|volume=40-B|issue=2|pages=282–311|doi=10.1302/0301-620X.40B2.282|pmid=13539115|doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt; E nder ɓowɗi, so fiɓnde ina ɓeydoo heewde e ɓalndu, ina ɓeydoo waawde haɓaade tampere. Yeru, hareeji ina njogii semmbe ɓurɗo mawnude e ɓuuɓri, ɓuri cottontails. Ɓowɗi terɗe caggal mbabba ina mbaawi renndinde cate nay mawɗe : ƴiye ƴiye, ƴiye nayi, ƴiye ɓalndu, walla ƴiye ƴiye. Ko ƴiye quadriceps ngoni kalfinaaɓe peewnugol doole so ina diwa. Ko timminirta ɗeen ƴiye ko ƴiye, ballooje e bursiiji juutɗi golle. Ɗeeɗoo ƴiye ina njuɓɓina hakkunde mum en no ƴiye plantar e dorsiflexors nii, ina mballita e jibinannde e golle jowitiiɗe e doole.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|last1=Lieber|first1=Richard L.|last2=Blevins|first2=Field T.|title=Skeletal muscle architecture of the rabbit hindlimb: Functional implications of muscle design|journal=Journal of Morphology|date=January 1989|volume=199|issue=1|pages=93–101|doi=10.1002/jmor.1051990108|pmid=2921772|s2cid=25344889}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Nate ==
&lt;gallery widths=&quot;180&quot; heights=&quot;200&quot; class=&quot;center&quot;&gt;
File:Syrischer_Maler_von_1354_001.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Syrischer_Maler_von_1354_001.jpg|''Rabbit fools Elephant by showing the reflection of the moon''. Illustration (from 1354) of the ''[[:en:Panchatantra|Panchatantra]]''
File:Blason_ville_fr_Corbenay_(Haute-Saône).svg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Blason_ville_fr_Corbenay_(Haute-Sa%C3%B4ne).svg|&quot;[[:en:Three_hares|Three rabbits]]&quot; motif, [[:en:Coat_of_arms|Coat of arms]] of [[:en:Corbenay|Corbenay]], France
File:Taddeo_Crivelli_(Italian,_died_about_1479,_active_about_1451_-_1479)_-_Saint_Jerome_in_the_Desert_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Taddeo_Crivelli_(Italian,_died_about_1479,_active_about_1451_-_1479)_-_Saint_Jerome_in_the_Desert_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg|''Saint Jerome in the Desert'', by [[:en:Taddeo_Crivelli|Taddeo Crivelli]] (died about 1479)
&lt;/gallery&gt;

== Ekoloji ==
Rawaandu ko daabaaji ƴaañiiɗi, ko ɗum waɗi ina anndi ko woni e mum koo sahaa kala. Yeru, e nder Yuroopu Mediteraane, ko mborosaaji ɓuri heewde e mborosaaji boɗeeji, mborosaaji, e mborosaaji Iberi.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|author1=Fedriani, J. M.|author2=Palomares, F.|author3=Delibes, M.|year=1999|title=Niche relations among three sympatric Mediterranean carnivores|jstor=4222449|journal=Oecologia|volume=121|issue=1|pages=138–148|url=http://www.uam.es/personal_pdi/ciencias/jonate/Ecologia/Tema%2023/Fedriani.pdf|doi=10.1007/s004420050915|pmid=28307883|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304190836/http://www.uam.es/personal_pdi/ciencias/jonate/Ecologia/Tema%2023/Fedriani.pdf|archive-date=4 March 2016|df=dmy-all|citeseerx=10.1.1.587.7215|bibcode=1999Oecol.121..138F|s2cid=39202154}}&lt;/ref&gt; So tawii ina hawra e kulhuli potɗi arde, mboddi ina waawi ɓuuɓde e ƴeewde ndeen jeertina woɗɓe e nder warngooji ɗii e ɓuuɓri doole e dow leydi. Rabbit ina jogii fannu yiytere yaajnde no feewi, tee ko heewi e mayre ina huutoree e ƴeewndo dow.&lt;ref name=&quot;Tynes&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Tynes|first=Valarie V.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kPFW95tjKpQC&amp;pg=PA70|pages=70–73|title=Behavior of Exotic Pets|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160506173801/https://books.google.com/books?id=kPFW95tjKpQC&amp;lpg=PA70|archive-date=6 May 2016|publisher=Wiley Blackwell|year=2010|isbn=978-0-8138-0078-3|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Yitere mbaroodi alaa fovea, kono ko &quot;streak visuel&quot;, woni doggol gonngol e hakkunde retina ngol densité cellal rod e cone fof ɓuri toowde. Ɗuum ina addana ɓe ƴeewde tagofeere nde tawa hoore ndee ina wirnoo seeɗa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last1=Bringmann|first1=Andreas|last2=Syrbe|first2=Steffen|last3=Görner|first3=Katja|last4=Kacza|first4=Johannes|last5=Francke|first5=Mike|last6=Wiedemann|first6=Peter|last7=Reichenbach|first7=Andreas|date=2018-09-01|title=The primate fovea: Structure, function and development|url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1350946217301167|journal=Progress in Retinal and Eye Research|volume=66|pages=49–84|doi=10.1016/j.preteyeres.2018.03.006|pmid=29609042|issn=1350-9462|url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last1=Lavaud|first1=Arnold|last2=Soukup|first2=Petr|last3=Martin|first3=Louise|last4=Hartnack|first4=Sonja|last5=Pot|first5=Simon|date=2020-04-23|title=Spectral Domain Optical Coherence Tomography in Awake Rabbits Allows Identification of the Visual Streak, a Comparison with Histology|url=https://tvst.arvojournals.org/article.aspx?articleid=2765151|journal=Translational Vision Science &amp; Technology|language=en|volume=9|issue=5|pages=13|doi=10.1167/tvst.9.5.13|issn=2164-2591|pmc=7401941|pmid=32821485}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Dowla (yumma) ina anndi ina yaltina uurngol baawngol daɗndude jawdi, ɗum noon maa o woɗɗondir e ɓuuɓri ngam waasde waɗde kitte (ɓiɗɓe) e nder baasal, o artira ɓuuɓri ndii laabi seeɗa tan e ñalawma ngam ñamminde kitte ɗee.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last1=Davis|first1=Susan E.|last2=DeMello|first2=Margo|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZCS5yfJ7NAEC&amp;pg=PA27|title=Stories Rabbits Tell: A Natural And Cultural History of A Misunderstood Creature|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160506182606/https://books.google.com/books?id=ZCS5yfJ7NAEC&amp;lpg=PA27|archive-date=6 May 2016|publisher=Lantern Books|year=2003|page=27|isbn=978-1-59056-044-0|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tuugnorgal ==
{{Reflist}}</text>
      <sha1>7ltj9hngrcdzxib9xbom37nc863sitd</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Lopital Gite Wilmer</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>19407</id>
    <revision>
      <id>183435</id>
      <parentid>78471</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-20T12:33:23Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>6960</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260820sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]]</comment>
      <origin>183435</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2253" sha1="q4x90ynlxfakyyocpf0gv98dclln11r" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}'''Lopital Gite Wilmer,''' anndiraangal kadi Duɗal gite Wilmer, ko huunde e Duɗal Jaaɓi-haaɗtirde Johns Hopkins to bannge safaara.

Doktoor gite biyeteeɗo William Holland Wilmer udditi duɗal gite Wilmer e hitaande 1925. Galle mum joofi ko duuɓi nay caggal ɗuum. Wilmer heɓi dipolom M.D. to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Virginia e hitaande 1885, o golliima to New York, Washington D.C., ko jiidaa e Baltimore, ɗo o sosi duɗal ngal.&lt;ref name=&quot;wilmer&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author=Parker|first=Walter R.|title=Dr. William Holland Wilmer|work=Transactions of the American Opththalmological Society|publisher=American Ophthalmological Society|year=1936|volume=34|pages=20–23|pmc=1315552}}&lt;/ref&gt; Alan C. Woods lomtii Wilmer e hitaande 1934. Gardiiɗo tataɓo oo, hono A. Edward Maumenee lomtii Woods e hitaande 1955. Arnall Patz wonti gardiiɗo nayaɓo e hitaande 1979. Morton F. Goldberg wonti gardiiɗo e hitaande 1989 gila 2003.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Ryan|first=Stephen J.|author-link=Stephen J. Ryan|date=2001-10-01|title=The Wilmer Ophthalmological Institute, 1925-2000|url=https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaophthalmology/article-abstract/268024|journal=Archives of Ophthalmology|volume=119|issue=10|pages=1566–1567|issn=0003-9950}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last1=Wilson|first1=John|title=The Wilmer Ophthalmological Institute at the Johns Hopkins University and the Stanford Medical School: Oral History Transcript|last2=Hughes|first2=Sally Smith|last3=Maumenee|first3=A. Edward|date=2016-05-10|publisher=BiblioLife|isbn=978-1-356-23421-9|language=en|author-link2=Sally Smith Hughes}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Quigley|first=Harry A.|author-link=Harry A. Quigley|date=April 1974|title=Mortality Associated with Ophthalmic Surgery|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_american-journal-of-ophthalmology_1974-04_77_4/page/517|journal=[[American Journal of Ophthalmology]]|language=en|volume=77|issue=4|pages=517–524|doi=10.1016/0002-9394(74)90465-6|pmid=4819455}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Peter J McDonnell, M.D., Professor of Ophthalmology|url=https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/profiles/details/peter-mcdonnell|access-date=2022-10-15|website=Johns Hopkins Medicine|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tuugnorgal ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Lopital]]</text>
      <sha1>q4x90ynlxfakyyocpf0gv98dclln11r</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Bruce Bruce-Porter</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>20337</id>
    <revision>
      <id>183497</id>
      <parentid>80562</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-20T14:12:25Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>6960</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260820sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]]</comment>
      <origin>183497</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="8202" sha1="kjoayrfnalf4ohw5qgp78srcduyzost" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Dean Rusk, Lyndon B. Johnson and Robert McNamara in Cabinet Room meeting February 1968.jpg|thumb|Sir Harry Edwin Bruce Bruce-Porter (5 feebariyee 1869 – 15 oktoobar 1948) ko cafroowo e binndoowo Angalteer.]]
'''Sir Harry Edwin Bruce Bruce-Porter (5 feebariyee 1869 – 15 oktoobar 1948)''' ko cafroowo e binndoowo Angalteer.

Nguurndam e jaŋde puɗɗagol
Harry Edwin Bruce Porter (caggal mum Bruce-Porter) jibinaa ko to Woolwich ñalnde 5 feebariyee 1869, ɓiy tataɓo Kapiteen Joseph Porter (maayɗo 1905),&lt;ref name=&quot;Armorial Families 1929, p. 245&quot;&gt;Armorial Families, seventh edition, A. C. Fox-Davies, Hurst &amp; Blackett Ltd, 1929, p. 245&lt;/ref&gt; e nder konu laamɗo.&lt;ref name=&quot;Dod's Peerage 1921, p. 697&quot;&gt;Dod's Peerage, Baronetage and Knightage of Great Britain and Ireland, Including All the Titled Classes, Charles Roger Dod, Robert Phipps Dod, 1921, p. 697&lt;/ref&gt; of the [[Royal Artillery]].&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;ref&gt; O janngi ko to opitaal London, o heɓi seedantaagal makko e hitaande 1892.[4] Bruce-Porter heɓi bursiiji keewɗi ina heen bursi anatomi-fisiyoloji (1889-1890) e bursi anatomi kuuɓtodinɗo (1891-1892) to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde safaara to Londres. O heɓi kadi bursi Duckworth Nelson to bannge safaara e seppooji (1892-1893), bursi to bannge safaara (1892-1893) e Hon. Siftor safaara konu e safaara e seppooji ummoraade e opitaal Netley e hitaande 1898.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt; He was educated at the [[Royal London Hospital|London Hospital]] and qualified in 1892.&lt;ref name=&quot;BMJ&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|year=1948|title=Sir Bruce Bruce-Porter, K.B.E., C.M.G., M.D., D.L.|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_british-medical-journal_1948-10-30_2_4582/page/802|journal=[[The British Medical Journal]]|volume=2|issue=4582|pages=802–803}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Kugal
Bruce-Porter naati e fedde safaara konu, o artiraa e kapiteen surgeon.&lt;ref&gt;[[iarchive:in.ernet.dli.2015.85330/page/n425/mode/2up|''Who's Who 1949'']]. London: Adam and Charles Black. p. 369&lt;/ref&gt; Caggal nde o woppi golle, o fuɗɗii golloraade safaara makko keeriiɗo to West End to Londres.&lt;ref name=&quot;BMJ2&quot; /&gt; After resigning, he started his own private medical practice in the [[West End of London]].&lt;ref name=&quot;BMJ2&quot; /&gt; E nder WWI o noddaama e golle, o ƴettaa ngam ardaade opitaal mawɗo tataɓo London ɗo o woni hooreejo fedde konsulteeruuji London.[4] O yahi Mesopotami, o woni e gardagol opitaal mawɗo No. 40 Biritaan, o rokkaa njeenaari C.M.G e hitaande 1917.&lt;ref name=&quot;BMJ3&quot; /&gt; He went to [[Mesopotamia]] and was in command of No. 40 British General Hospital and was awarded the C.M.G in 1917.&lt;ref name=&quot;BMJ3&quot; /&gt; O golliima kadi e cafroowo to opitaal laamɗo Edward VII ngam ofiseeji. E hitaande 1919 ndeen o woni kolonel, o teddinaama sabu golle makko e K.B.E.[4] Bruce-Porter wonnoo ko fedde toppitiinde cellal renndo, tergal e Diisnondiral Imperial Service College Trust, cukko hooreejo fedde Shaftesbury Society e Ragged School e kadi ko Knight of Grace e nder njuɓɓudi St Urusaliima.[&lt;ref name=&quot;BMJ4&quot; /&gt; Bruce-Porter was a Fellow of the [[Institute of Public Health]], a member of the Council of the Imperial Service College Trust, a vice-president of the [[Shaftesbury Society]] and Ragged School Union and a Knight of Grace of the [[Order of Saint John (chartered 1888)|Order of St. John of Jerusalem]].&lt;ref name=&quot;BMJ4&quot; /&gt;

E nder duuɓi makko cakkitiiɗi o jokkondiri e Sir William Arbuthnot Lane, o woni tergal sosngal fedde cellal hesere. No Lane nii o ƴellitii miijooji moƴƴitingol ñaamdu, kadi o woniino ardiiɗo fedde wiyeteende The Sunlight League.&lt;ref name=&quot;BMJ5&quot; /&gt; Bruce-Porter ina ƴellita ñaamdu ɓuuɓndu. O haɓanaaki nyaamooɓe kosam e ƴamooɓe kosam tiiɗɓe.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|author=Morrice, Andrew A. G.|year=1994|title=The Medical Pundits: Doctors and Indirect Advertising in the Lay Press 1922-1927|journal=Medical History|volume=38|issue=3|pages=255–280|doi=10.1017/S0025727300036607|pmid=7934319|pmc=1036881|s2cid=39228787}}&lt;/ref&gt; O wiyi wonde &quot;ñaamdu ɓurndu moƴƴude e kala ko ina wona mburu, nebam, kosam, egguuji, leɗɗe, ɓiɓɓe leɗɗe e ñamri&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;Zweiniger-Bargielowska 2010&quot;&gt;Zweiniger-Bargielowska, Ina. (2010). ''Managing the Body: Beauty, Health, and Fitness in Britain 1880-1939''. Oxford University Press. p. 163. {{ISBN|978-0199280520}}&lt;/ref&gt; O woniino daraniiɗo koorka, o udditi nokku koorka to wuro wiyeteengo Preston Deanery Hall, to Northampton.&lt;ref name=&quot;Zweiniger-Bargielowska 20102&quot; /&gt; Bruce-Porter promoted an [[Ovo-lacto vegetarianism|ovo-lacto vegetarian]] diet. He argued against meat eaters and strict vegetarians.&lt;ref&gt;''Food and Health by Sir Bruce Bruce-Porter, K.B.E, C.M.G., M.D''. ''[[The Sphere (newspaper)|The Sphere]]''. (February 23, 1929). p. 297&lt;/ref&gt;

Bruce-Porter maayi ko ñalnde 15 oktoobar 1948 to Somerset.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.google.com/search?tbm=bks&amp;ei=ERF9XqOaEu2j1fAPsfGC2A4&amp;q=%22the+best+all-round+diet+is+one+made+up+of+wholemeal+bread%2C+butter%2C+milk%2C+eggs%2C+vegetables%2C+fruit+and+cheese%22&amp;oq=%22the+best+all-round+diet+is+one+made+up+of+wholemeal+bread%2C+butter%2C+milk%2C+eggs%2C+vegetables%2C+fruit+and+cheese%22&amp;gs_l=psy-ab.3...35729.38584.0.38998.3.3.0.0.0.0.120.120.0j1.1.0....0...1c.1.64.psy-ab..2.0.0....0.ZaAkENiWgyU#spf=1585254712974 ''Physical Education'']. Physical Education Association of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, 1927. p. 129&lt;/ref&gt; He was an advocate of [[fasting]] and opened a fasting centre at Preston Deanery Hall, [[Northampton]].&lt;ref&gt;[https://discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk/details/r/eacbcb4c-7a93-4353-891b-2de92f7fe032 &quot;Famous physician opens new fasting centre&quot;]. The National Archives.&lt;/ref&gt;

Nguurndam neɗɗo
E hitaande 1896, Bruce-Porter resi Agnes, ganndiraaɗo « Essie » (1860-1937), ɓiy jaagorde Presbiteriyanke biyeteeɗo David Bruce, jom suudu J. H. Honeyman, MD, mo Auckland, Nuwel Selannde. Ɓe ngoni ko e ngesa New House, Chobham, e Little St Anne, Englefield Green, Surrey, e 6, laawol Grosvenor, Mayfair, Londres. Ɓiɓɓe maɓɓe rewɓe ɗiɗo, hono Essie Isabel Bruce Bruce-Porter e Jessie Gladys Bruce Bruce-Porter, jibinaa ko e hitaande 1897. Essie resii e hitaande 1931 Geoffrey Archibald Clarkson, OBE, cukko gardiiɗo ƴeewndorɗe laana ndiwoowa to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Admiralty e deenoowo duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Greenwich e Duɗal Jaaɓihaaɗtirde Innjiniyaaruuji Laana ndiwoowa to Keyham, ina jibini ɓiɓɓe worɓe tato (ɗiɗaɓo oo ko Alan Clarkson, gardiiɗo Winchester tuggi 1984 haa 1999); Jessie resii e hitaande 1923 Henry Douglas Bessemer, mo Bench House, to Lyndhurst, Hampshire, ko o ganndo ko faati e ɓowɗi, ko o taaniiko Sir Henry Bessemer, mo ƴelliti laawol Bessemer ngam feewnude njamndi.

Binndanɗe cuɓaaɗe
Ñawu nguu ina waawi haɗeede e nder galle (1921)
Ƴeewndo sahaa e sahaa fof wonande sosiyeteeji asiraagal. E nder laawol Wiliyam Arbutnot. Ɓoornugol laawol cellal (1929)
Fuɗɗoode cellal (1939)
Laɓɓingol nguurndam e yumma ɓurɗo kisal (e William Arbuthnot Lane, 1934)
Ƴeew kadi
Doggol gollotooɓe tedduɓe to opitaal laamɗo Edward VII ngam ofiseeji
Tuugnorgal
 Ɓiɓɓe Armorial, bayyinaango jeeɗiɗaɓo, A. C. Fox-Davies, Hurst &amp; Blackett Ltd, 1929, p. 245
 1921, 1921, p. 697
 Laamu George V: Wakiili’en laamɗo, deftere 1. Peerage Dod, 1913. p. 6
 &quot;Sir Burus Bruce-Porter, K.B.E., C.M.G., M.D., D.L.&quot; Jaaynde safaara Angalteer. 2 (4582): 802-803. Hitaande 1948.
 Mo woni Mo 1949. Londres: Aadama e Charles Black. p. 369
 Morris, Andere A. G. (1994). &quot;Annduɓe safaara: Doktooruuji e yeeynorɗe ɗe ngonaa laaɓtuɗe e nder jaayndeeji 1922-1927&quot;. Daartol safaara. 38 (3): 255-280. Doi:10.1017/S0025727300036607. PMC 1036881. PMID 7934319. S2CID 39228787.
 Ina. (2010). Njuɓɓudi ɓanndu: Ɓamtaare, cellal, e cellal e nder leydi Angalteer 1880-1939. Jaaynde jaaɓi-haaɗtirde Oxford. p. 163. ISBN 978-0199280520
 Nguura e cellal ko Sir Bruce Bruce-Porter, K.B.E., C.M.G., M.D. (23 feebariyee 1929). p. 297
 Jaŋde ɓanndu. Fedde jaŋde ɓanndu to Angalteer e Irlannda worgo, 1927. p. 129
 &quot;Cafroowo lolluɗo udditi nokku koorka keso&quot;. Arsiif ngenndiijo.
 Sketch, Jaaynde naalankaagal e goonga, deftere 122, tonngoode 1579, 1923 p. xvi
 Jaaynde Surrey, 11 abriil 1931, p. 8
Jokkondire yaajɗe
Natal Lietnaa-Kolonel Sir</text>
      <sha1>kjoayrfnalf4ohw5qgp78srcduyzost</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Reginald Wyndham Lloyd-Davies</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>20385</id>
    <revision>
      <id>183415</id>
      <parentid>80136</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-20T12:04:18Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>6960</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260820sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]]</comment>
      <origin>183415</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="7763" sha1="s2pic756ag6uk5q55poszhxmt6yykv9" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Ginger; selected passages in the military career of Pte. (Ginger) Jordan, B. E. F. (IA gingerselectedpa00wynd).pdf|thumb|Reginald Wyndham Lloyd-Davies (24 suwee 1934 - 25 mars 2023) ko ganndo ko faati e ƴiiƴam to Angalteer, gardiiɗo ƴiiƴam to opitaal St Thomas, to Londres, timminii wiɗtooji gadani e epiteliyoŋ ɓuuɓri e mikroskoop elektoronik skanndeer.]]
{{Databox}}'''Reginald Wyndham Lloyd-Davies (24 suwee 1934 - 25 mars 2023)''' ko ganndo ko faati e ƴiiƴam to Angalteer, gardiiɗo ƴiiƴam to opitaal St Thomas, to Londres, timminii wiɗtooji gadani e epiteliyoŋ ɓuuɓri e mikroskoop elektoronik skanndeer.

Lloyd-Davies wondi e binndol Atlas colour mo urologie, adannde yaltunde e hitaande 1983.

Nguurndam e jaŋde puɗɗagol
Wyndham Lloyd-Davies jibinaa ko ñalnde 24 lewru juko hitaande 1934 to Wolverhampton,&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt; where he spent his childhood.&lt;ref name=&quot;Kirby2023&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|last1=Kirby|first1=Roger|last2=Beard|first2=Ralph|title=Reginald Wyndham Lloyd-Davies, 1934–2023|journal=Trends in Urology &amp; Men's Health|date=19 April 2023|volume=14|issue=3|pages=tre.913|doi=10.1002/tre.913|s2cid=258248834|language=en|issn=2044-3730|doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt; ɗo o woni cukaagu makko.&lt;ref name=&quot;Kirby20232&quot; /&gt; In 1952, he gained admission to study medicine at [[St Thomas' Hospital]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Kirby20232&quot; /&gt; One of his early junior posts was at the [[Kent and Canterbury Hospital]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Kirby20232&quot; /&gt; O timmini jaŋde makko leslesre ko e duɗal Rugby, ɗo o dañi ɓuuɓri ƴiiƴam e nder pijirlooji rugby ; gaañiiɗo oo waɗi mo e kasoo fotde hitaande.&lt;ref name=&quot;Lloyd1963&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|last1=Lloyd-Davies|first1=R. W.|title=Ingrowing toenails|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_british-medical-journal_1963-12-28_2_5373/page/1653|journal=British Medical Journal|date=28 December 1963|volume=2|issue=5373|pages=1653|doi=10.1136/bmj.2.5373.1653-a|pmid=14066199|pmc=1873956}}&lt;/ref&gt; E hitaande 1952, o heɓi naatde ngam janngude safaara to opitaal St Thomas. Gooto e golle makko gadane ɗee ko to opitaal Kent e Canterbury.&lt;ref name=&quot;Kirby20233&quot; /&gt; He gained a Master of Science degree after completing a year of research in San Francisco.&lt;ref name=&quot;Kirby20233&quot; /&gt;

Kugal
Nde o arti e St Thomas, Lloyd-Davies walli e sosde nokku diisnondirɗo.&lt;ref name=&quot;Bull1970&quot;&gt;{{cite book|title=Bulletin - Alumni Faculty Association, School of Medicine|date=1970|publisher=University of California|location=San Francisco|volume=14|issue=4|page=4|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o_w2AQAAMAAJ&amp;pg=RA4|chapter=Division of urology|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; O heɓi dipolom makko Master e ganndal caggal nde o timmini hitaande wiɗto makko to San Francisco.[2] Ko ɗoon, e hitaande 1970 e Frank Hinman e ballondiral e Donner Laboratory, to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Kaliforni, o timmini wiɗtooji gadani e epiteliyoŋ ɓuuɓɗo e mikroskoop elektoronik skanndeer, o renndini mbaadi mum e dow lewru.[4][5] Ɓe ƴetti fotooje dow ɓuuɓri e ɓuuɓri ƴiiƴam e mawningol laabi 30 000, ɓe tawi ina woɗɗi no woorunoo.[4][6] Ɓe teskiima wonde ŋakkeende ndee ɓeydiima saɗtude sabu mboros oo, haɗi ɗum lootde.&lt;ref name=&quot;Reen1977&quot;&gt;{{cite book|last1=Aurora|first1=Amrit Lal|editor1-last=Reen|editor1-first=Robert Van|title=Idiopathic Urinary Bladder Stone Disease|date=1977|publisher=Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health|page=234|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uw-jZ2eDHhgC&amp;pg=PA234|language=en|chapter=15. Vesical calculus disease of childhood}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ɓe tawi ko ŋakkeende ndee safrata ko e ɓuuɓri ƴiiƴam e ɓuuɓri ƴiiƴam.&lt;ref name=&quot;Bull19702&quot; /&gt;

Lloyd-Davies caggal mum wonti hooreejo urologie to St Thomas’, o woni e doggol gollotooɓe tedduɓe to opitaal laamɗo Edward VII.

Lloyd-Davies wondi e winndude Atlas colour of urologie, yaltuɗo e hitaande 1983.&lt;ref name=&quot;Lutzeyer2012&quot;&gt;{{cite book|last1=Hinman|first1=Frank|editor1-last=Lutzeyer|editor1-first=W.|editor2-last=Melchior|editor2-first=H.|title=Urodynamics: Upper and Lower Urinary Tract|date=2012|publisher=Springer|isbn=978-3-642-65642-2|page=44|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JFYyBwAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PP44|language=en|chapter=Hydrodynamic aspects of urinary tract infection}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ina waɗi natal ina heen natal ƴeewndorɗe pathogenic, fotooje ɓuuɓri e nder endoskopi e nataluuji baylotooɗi laabi ƴeewndo.&lt;ref name=&quot;Bull19703&quot; /&gt; They found that the irregularities resolved with urethral and bladder distension.&lt;ref name=&quot;Bull19703&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Lutzeyer20122&quot; /&gt;70 natal ina jokkondiri e mborosaaji e nder reedu e nder reedu.[9]

Nguurndam neɗɗo e maayde
Gila e dewgal makko gadanal e Elisabet o dañii ɓiɓɓe rewɓe ɗiɗo; Vanessa Lloyd-Davies, mawɗo e nder RAMC, e Fiona, waɗoowo filmuuji binndaaɗi.

Lloyd-Davies maayi ko e rafi kanseer pankreas ñalnde 25 marse 2023, tawi omo yahra e duuɓi 88.[2][1]

Binndanɗe cuɓaaɗe
Kaayitaaji
Lloyd-Davis, R. Windam; Lee, John C.; Hinman, Frank (1 sulyee 1971). &quot;Mikro-Kontuur Uroteliyal. II. Kiripteeji nder ƴiiƴam e geɗe gonɗe e nder ƴiiƴam&quot;. Jaaynde Urologie. 106 (1): 75-80. Doi: 10.1016/S0022-5347 (17) 61229-1. ISSN 0022-5347. ID 4327620.
Mayo, M. E.; Lloyd-Daawiis, R. W.; Ɓoornugol, K. E.; Tighe, J. R. (Abriil 1973). &quot;Detrusor neɗɗo bonɗo: waylooji gollorɗi e mikroskoop elektoronik e nder ñawu&quot;. Jaaynde Urologie Angalteer. 45 (2): 116-125. Doi:10.1111/j.1464-410x.1973.tb12127.x. ISSN 0007-1331. PMID 706493.
Makfarkinson, I. R.; Eykin, S. J.; Gardner, N. H. N.; Vaniyeer, T. M.; Bennet, A. E.; Mayo, M. E.; Lloyd-Davies, R. W. (Mee 1973). &quot;Bakteriya e nder reedu&quot;. Jaaynde Angalteer ko faati e jibinannde e rewɓe. 80 (5): 385-405. 1973.tb15952.x. PMID 4712935. S2CID 43841391.
Lloyd-Daawiis, R. W.; Koolaaɗo kuuɓal, C. D.; Swan, A. V. (lewru ut 1990). &quot;Karsinooma prostate safreteeɗo e rajo-terapi radikal beam externe huutortoo ko hipofraksiyoŋ. Duuɓi 22 (1962-1984)&quot;. Uroloji. 36 (2): 107-111. Doi: 10.1016/0090-4295 (90) 80207-4. ISSN 0090-4295. PMID 2385876.
Defte
Atlas colour e Urologie. Wolfe ko binndanɗe safaara. 1983. ISBN 978-0-7234-1607-4. (Winnduɗo)
Tuugnorgal
 &quot;Wyndham Lloyd-Davies&quot;. Jamanuuji ɗii. 16 lewru mee 2023. Ƴeewtaa ko 16 lewru mee 2023.
 Kirbi, Roger; Beer, Ralph (19 abriil 2023). “Reginald Wyndham Lloyd-Davies, 1934-2023”. Trends e nder Urologie &amp; Cellal worɓe. 14 (3): leɗɗe.913. waɗde: 10,1002/tre.913. ISSN 2044-3730. S2CID 258248834.
 Lloyd-Davies, R.W. (28 lewru Duujal hitaande 1963). &quot;Mawnude ƴiye koyɗe&quot;. Jaaynde safaara Angalteer. 2 (5373): 1653. Doi:10.1136/bmj.2.5373.1653-a. PMC 1873956. PMID 14066199.
 &quot;Feccere urologie&quot;. Bulletin - Fedde jannginooɓe ɓooyɓe, Duɗal safaara. Vol. 14. San Fransisko: Duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Kaliforni. 1970. p. 4.
 Aurora, Amrit Lal (1977). &quot;15. Ñawu kalkulus vesical cukaagu&quot;. E nder Reen, Robeer Van (moƴƴinoowo). Ñawu kaaƴe ƴiiƴam idiopatik. Departemaa cellal, jaŋde, e wellitaare, Sarwiis cellal renndo, Duɗal ngenndiwal cellal. p. 234.
 Hinman, Frank (2012). &quot;Geɗe hidrodinamik e ñawu nguu&quot;. To Lutser, W.; Melkiyor, H. (ƴeewndotooɗo). Urodinamik : Ɓoornugol dow e les. Funndoowo. p. 44. ISBN 978-3-642-65642-2.
 Hough, Ricard (1998). Debbo Agnes: Taariiha suudu safrirdu laamiiɗo Edward VII ngam ofiseeji 1899-1999. Londres: John Murey. ISBN 0-7195-5561-2. 178 haa 179
 Hendry, W (lewru suwee 1983). &quot;Ƴeewndo deftere: Atlas colour urologie&quot;. Jaaynde Biritaan ko faati e seppooji. 70 (9): 568. 1800700930.
 McMillan A. Atlas kala ko ina wona 100 000 neɗɗo. Jaaynde Angalteer ko faati e ñawu nguu. Oktoobar 1983;59(5):344. PMCID: PMC1046231.
Jokkondire yaajɗe
&quot;Ganndoowo maanaa&quot;. www.ganndo maanaa.org. Keɓtinaama ñalnde 25 abriil 2023.
Kategori</text>
      <sha1>s2pic756ag6uk5q55poszhxmt6yykv9</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Clement Price Thomas</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>20467</id>
    <revision>
      <id>183478</id>
      <parentid>131316</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-20T13:35:59Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>6960</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260820sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]]</comment>
      <origin>183478</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="13727" sha1="3jdky84mi8n5cdioptnbbnhxzv81w7t" xml:space="preserve">[[File:CAC CC 001 18 4 0000 0387.jpg|thumb|Clement Price Thomas]]
{{Databox}}'''Sir Clement Price.'''

Caggal nde o heɓi bursi to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Westminster, Price Thomas neldaa to Fuɗnaange hakkundeejo e fuɗɗoode wolde adunaare adannde. O fuɗɗii heblo makko e seppooji nde o arti, o suɓaama e nder ekipaaji seppooji safrirde ndee..

E hirjinde Tudor Edwards ngam jokkude seppooji ɓalndu, Price Thomas ƴetti, e wondude e golle goɗɗe, jokkondire seppooji ɓalndu to opitaal Royal Brompton, opitaal keeriiɗo ngam ñawuuji ɓalndu. Innde makko e golle makko e karallaagal seppooji e nder ñawu nguu, addani mo ƴettude kuulal ngam waɗde seppooji ɗii e dow laamɗo George VI e hitaande 1951. Nafoore mayre addani Price Thomas toɗɗaade Knight Commander e nder Order Royal Victorian (KCVO).

Price Thomas suɓaama hooreejo juɓɓule keewɗe maantinɗe e nder golle makko, ina jeyaa heen, Fedde Safrooɓe Angalteer, Fedde Safrooɓe Laamɗo, Fedde Safrooɓe Toraas, Fedde Toraas e Duɗal Cafrirɗe Ngenndiwal Galles. Ko o ardiiɗo opereeji toraas e nder dingiral winnderewal, o waɗii jeewte keewɗe e innde makko, o heɓi kadi dipolomaaji tedduɗi keewɗi.

Price Thomas, mo anndaaka no feewi e seppooji mum ɓernde, kadi naatinii seppooji ngam coarctation aorta to Angalteer, ko ɗum feere nde o janngi e Clarence Crafoord.

O heɓi rafi kanseer ɓuuɓɗo e duuɓi makko cakkitiiɗi ɗii, o woniino simme e nder nguurndam makko, o maayi ko e duuɓi 79, o acci debbo e ɓiɓɓe ɗiɗo worɓe, gooto e maɓɓe wonti cafroowo.

Nguurndam adanɗam
Clement Price Thomas jibinaa ko to wuro wiyeteengo Abercarn, to leydi Monmouthshire.&lt;ref name=&quot;:10&quot;&gt;''Honour for the King's Doctor''. ''[[The Times]]''. (London, England), 15 December 1951; p. 6; issue 52185.&lt;/ref&gt; Ko kanko woni ɓiɗɗo tokooso e nder galle sukaaɓe njeenayo, ɓe ngoni ko e laawol Islwyn.&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:10&quot;&gt;''Honour for the King's Doctor''. ''[[The Times]]''. (London, England), 15 December 1951; p. 6; issue 52185.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt; Baaba makko William Thomas ko jom jawdi, yumma makko, Rosamund Gertrude Price, ko ɓiɗɗo diineyanke.[6] O janngii to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Newport hade makko yahde duɗal Caterham nde o yahrata e duuɓi 13,&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://munksroll.rcplondon.ac.uk/Biography/Details/3637|title=Munks Roll Details for Clement (Sir) Price Thomas|website=munksroll.rcplondon.ac.uk|access-date=15 December 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; duɗal internat to Surrey. Ndeen o yahi to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde to Galle du Sud e Monmouthshire.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|work=[[South Wales Argus]]|last1=Davies|first1=Jackie|date=19 August 2014|title=NOW&amp;THEN: Islwyn Street, West Wind, Abercarn|url=http://www.southwalesargus.co.uk/news/the_archive/11418609.NOW_THEN__Islwyn_Street__West_Wind__Abercarn/}} Identifies that Price Thomas was born in a house at the upper end of Islwyn Street, Abercarn, which is [https://www.google.co.uk/maps/@51.6518196,-3.1380686,3a,75y,42.73h,87.62t/data=!3m6!1e1!3m4!1spIgCS-374zsp0dEx9faTKw!2e0!7i13312!8i6656 here]&lt;/ref&gt;

Price Thomas rokkaama njeenaari Hughes to bannge anatomi nde o woni almuudo to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Cardiff. Hay so tawii noon yiɗde makko ko adii fof ko naatde e dental, caggal ɗuum o rokkaama bursi ngam janngude safaara to duɗal safaara to opitaal Westminster.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://biography.wales/article/s10-PRYC-CLE-1893|title=The National Library of Wales :: Dictionary of Welsh Biography|website=yba.llgc.org.uk|access-date=15 December 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Hakkunde 1914 e 1918, Price Thomas neldaa Fuɗnaange hakkundeejo, teeŋti noon e Galipoli, Maseduwaan e Palestiin. O yahi ko e nder 32ɓo Ambulance Ladde, Korse Medikaal Konu Laamɗo.&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot;&gt;{{cite book|last=Hart|first=Raymond|title=The History of Cardiothoracic Surgery from Early Times|date=1996|publisher=Taylor &amp; Francis|isbn=978-1-85070-681-6|page=474}} There is an extract [https://web.archive.org/web/20210828154609/http://www3.sympatico.ca/rupertlt/willmettf/pafn17.htm here]&lt;/ref&gt;

Golle safaara

Opitaal Westminster e cakkital kitaale 1920. Ospitaal oo yani ko e fuɗɗoode kitaale 1950, ko ɗoo woni hannde nokku ɗo laamɗo debbo biyeteeɗo Elizabeth II woni ɗoo.
E hitaande 1921, caggal wolde, Price Thomas heɓi Dipolomaaji Diisnondiral, LRCP caggal ɗuum e hitaande 1923, heɓi FRCS (Eng). E oon sahaa, o jokki e dañde humpito safaara to opitaal Westminster e toɗɗagol makko e nder hoɗorde, o jokki e jogaade tergal duumingal e nder ekipaaji safaara toon. O naatnaa e seppo ɓalndu ko Tudor Edwards, seppo ɓalndu mawɗo e oon sahaa, [6] kadi ko noon kadi Ernest Rock Carling e G. T. Mullally mbaɗiri mo. Yanti heen, hirjinde e nder seppooji ɓalndu ummorii ko e J. E. H. Roberts, e Morriston Davies.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://livesonline.rcseng.ac.uk/biogs/E006026b.htm|title=Price Thomas, Sir Clement – Biographical entry – Plarr's Lives of the Fellows Online|last=England|first=Royal College of Surgeons of|website=livesonline.rcseng.ac.uk|access-date=15 December 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ko noon kadi e golle makko to opitaal Westminster, Price Thomas woni ko e wonde doktoor ɓurɗo mawnude e opitaal Brompton. O tawtoraama kadi Konu e Royal Air Force ngam wonde konsul e nder seppooji ɓalndu. O wonti jiiloowo to suudu safrirdu laamɗo Edward VII, to Midhurst, e to suudu safrirdu laamɗo ngam ñawuuji ɓalndu, to Ventnor. Yanti heen, omo joginoo golle to Fedde Ciftorgol Ngenndiije Dentuɗe to Galle Sud. E nder jokkondiral makko e innde makko, o wonti wasiyaaji to bannge seppooji to bannge ministeer cellal.&gt;&lt;ref&gt;‘Price Thomas, Sir Clement’, Who Was Who. A &amp; C Black, an imprint of Bloomsbury Publishing plc, 1920–2008; online ed., Oxford University Press, Dec 2012 ; online edn, Nov 2012 [http://www.ukwhoswho.com/view/article/oupww/whowaswho/U158651]. Retrieved 17 June 2013.&lt;/ref&gt;

Price Thomas toɗɗanooma ko balloowo cafroowo Tudor Edwards e hitaande 1932 e ɓe mbaɗi lobektomi gadano e ɓuuɓri ngam ñawu bronkiektaasi e hitaande ndee tan. Ko ɗum woni fuɗɗoode sehilaagal, teeŋti noon e nder duuɓi keewɗi. Ko huunde nde fotaani wonde, so tawii Price Thomas ina foti weltaade e darnde Tudor Edwards e nder seppooji ɓalndu to opitaal Westminster so Edwards woppii golle. Caggal mum, e nder yeewtere ciftorgol Tudor Edwards, Sir Russell Brock, Baron Brock wiyi wonde hay gooto anndaa Tudor Edwards ko ɓuri Price Thomas.

&lt;ref name=&quot;:02&quot; /&gt;

Between 1914 and 1918, Price Thomas was posted to the Middle East, specifically [[Gallipoli Campaign|Gallipoli]], [[Macedonia (region)|Macedonia]] and [[Palestine (region)|Palestine]]. He went as a [[Private (rank)|private]] in the 32nd [[Field Ambulance]], [[Royal Army Medical Corps]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:02&quot; /&gt;

Price Thomas ɓuri anndeede ko e opereeji tuberkuloos e ɓuuɓri ƴiiƴam. Ko kanko woni cafroowo gadano waɗde ƴeewndo ƴiiƴam, e hitaande 1947 : ƴeewndo ngoo waɗi ko ittude ƴiiƴam kanseer ƴiiƴam.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|pmc=2388364|pmid=4594305|volume=54|issue=2|title=Sir Clement Price Thomas KCVO|author=Cleland WP|journal=Annals of the Royal College of Surgeons of England|pages=96–98|year=1974}}&lt;/ref&gt; Price Thomas yahi haa holliri no ɓuuɓri ɓuuɓri ummoraade e tuberkuloos waawirta seertude e jokkere enɗam ɗiɗi ɗee, tawa ina hawra e no jokkere enɗam ɗiɗi ɗee nii.[13] Omo joginoo daliilu makko ngam safrude collapse e Koolaaɗo kuuɓal laamu Victoria (1951)
Teddungal safaara
Doktoor tedduɗo Legum Wales (1953)
Doktoor tedduɗo to bannge safaara Pari (1954)
Doktoor tedduɗo to bannge safaara Pari (1956)
Doktoor tedduɗo legum Belfast (1962)
Doktoor tedduɗo to bannge safaara Lisbon (1964)
Doktoor tedduɗo to bannge safaara Karachi (1966)
Doktoor tedduɗo to bannge safaara Aten (1970)
Fedde teddunde to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Amerik (FACS) - 1954
Fedde teddunde to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde laamɗo to leydi Irlande (FRCSI)
Fedde teddunde to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde laamɗo to Edinburgh (FRCSE)
Njawdi
Coodgu Thomas Fedde yah-ngartaa
Price Thomas woni hooreejo tataɓo fedde seernaaɓe yahooɓe, hono no nde anndiranoo tuggi 1952 haa 1972. Jooni noon, fedde seernaaɓe yahooɓe to Angalteer, fedde yahooɓe Price Thomas sosaa ko e siftorde Price Thomas e ɓiyiiko seernaaɓe biyeteeɗo Martyn . Bursiiji ɗiɗi ina ndokkee hitaande kala ngam wallitde jaŋde e hirjinde mbayliigu seppooji.[29]

Siftorde Opereeji Laamɗo
Tabalde gollorde ndee ina hollira to opitaal Westminster, Dr Cyril F. Scurr rokkii masiŋ ECG oo to suudu safrirdu Oksijen Angalteer to Fedde Anestesist en Angalteer.

&lt;ref name=&quot;:03&quot; /&gt;

Price Thomas&amp;nbsp;had been appointed Tudor Edwards' assistant surgeon in 1932 and they performed the first case of [[Lobectomy (lung)|lobectomy of the lung]] for bronchiectasis the same year. This was the start of a, particularly close friendship over many years. It was inevitable that Price Thomas should comfortably fit into Tudor Edwards' position in thoracic surgery at Westminster hospital once Edwards resigned.&lt;ref name=&quot;:12&quot; /&gt;

Film e teleeji
Price Thomas maa siftore ngam torakotomi mo o waɗi e laamɗo George VI, mo o waɗti waɗde e nder teleeji Stephen Daldry biyeteeɗi The Crown e hitaande 2016. Model laamɗo oo, mo laaɓtaani no feewi, timmuɗo e taƴe seppooji, rokkaama to suudu defte Gordon e Patoloji ko ballal jaŋde.&lt;ref name=&quot;:11&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Brock|first=Russell|date=October 1964|title=Thoracic Surgery: and the Long-Term Results of Operation for Bronchial Carcinoma|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_annals-of-the-royal-college-of-surgeons-of-england_1964-10_35_4/page/195|journal=Annals of the Royal College of Surgeons of England|volume=35|issue=4|pages=195–213|issn=0035-8843|pmc=2311758|pmid=14245100}}&lt;/ref&gt; Luural ko faati e sabaabu maayde laamɗo oo kadi toɗɗaama e nder filmo 2010 biyeteeɗo The King's Speech.

&lt;ref name=&quot;:112&quot; /&gt;

Price Thomas&amp;nbsp;was&amp;nbsp;predominantly known to operate on tuberculosis and lung tumours. He was the first surgeon to do a bronchial sleeve resection, in 1947: the operation involved removing a bronchial [[carcinoid tumour]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:13&quot; /&gt;

Tuugnorgal
 Teddungal wonande Doktoor Laamɗo. Jamanuuji ɗii. (London, Angalteer), ñalnde 15 desaambar 1951; p. 6; tonngoode 52185.
 Maayɓe. Jamanuuji ɗii. (London, Angalteer), ñalnde 21 marse 1973; p. 28, tonngoode 58737.
 Operation dow Laamiiɗo. Jamanuuji ɗii. (London, Angalteer), ñalnde 24 suwee 1951 ; p. 4, tonngoode 52114.
 &quot;Detaayuuji Munks ngam Clement (Sir) Coodgu Thomas&quot;. munksroll.rcplondon.ac.uk. Ƴeewtaa ko ñalnde 15 Duujal 2017.
 Davies, Jackie (19 ut 2014). &quot;JOONI e NDEEN: Laabi Islwyn, Henndu Hirnaange, Abercarn&quot;. Argus Galle Sud. Anndini wonde Price Thomas jibinaa ko e galle to bannge toowɗo laawol Islwyn, Abercarn, woni ɗoo
 &quot;Defterdu ngenndiiru Wales :: Saggitorde nguurndam Wales&quot;. yba.llgc.org.uk. Ƴeewtaa ko ñalnde 15 Duujal 2017.
 Hart, Raymond (1996). Daartol Opereeji ɓernde gila e jamaanu adanngu. Taylor e Farayse. p. 474. Ɗemngal ISBN ngal 978-1-85070-681-6. Ina woodi ɗoo ekstrakt
 Angalteer, Koolaaɗo kuuɓal laamɗo oo. &quot;Coodi Thomas, Sir Clement – ​​Naatgol nguurndam – Nguurndam Plarr e banndiraaɓe mum e internet&quot;. rcseng.ac.uk. Ƴeewtaa ko ñalnde 15 Duujal 2017.
 ‘Coodgu Tomaa, Sir Clement’, Mo Wonnoo Mo. A &amp; C Black, ko binndol jaayndeyaagal Bloomsbury, hitaande 1920 haa 2008; e nder internet, Jaaynde Duɗal Jaaɓi-haaɗtirde Oxford, Desammbar 2012 ; e nder internet, lewru noowammbar 2012 [1]. Ƴeewtaa ko ñalnde 17 lewru juko hitaande 2013.
 (1974). &quot;Sir Kelement Priis Tomaas KCVO&quot;. Annals mo duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde laamɗo leydi Angalteer. 54 (2): 96-98. PMC 2388364. PMID 4594305.
 Brock, Russell (oktoobar 1964). &quot;Operation thoracique: e njeñtudi operaasiyoŋ juutɗo ngam kanseer bronkial&quot;. Annals mo duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde laamɗo leydi Angalteer. 35 (4): 195-213. ISSN 0035-8843. PMC 2311758. PMID 14245100.
 &quot;8&quot;. Atlas karallaagal seppooji toraas. Zwishenberger, Yuusuf B. (eɓɓoore adannde). Filadelfi, PA: Sawnde/Elsevier. 2010. Kelle 73 haa 90. ISBN 978-1-4160-4017-0. OCLC 759158659.
 &quot;74&quot;. Pearson ko opereeji ɓalndu &amp; ƴiiƴam. Piirson, F. Griffit., Paterson, G. Aleksanndere. (3ɓo). Filadelfi: Kirse Livingstone/Elsevier. 2008. Kelle 894-908. ISBN 978-0-443-06861-4. OCLC 771941860.
 Cleland, W. P. (1 lewru Duujal 1973). &quot;Sir Kelement Priis Tomaas K.C.V.O.&quot; Alkol e Alkol. 8 (1): 96-98. doi:10.1093/jaayɗe oksford.alkalc.a046066. ISSN 0735-0414. PMC 2388364. PMID 4594305.
 Ko wiyetee: Sir Clement Priis Tomaas. Jamanuuji ɗii. (London, Angalteer), ñalnde 20 marse 1973; p. 16, tonngoode 58736.
 Pathé Biritanik (13 Abriil 2014), Pathe News Reviews 1951 (1951), ƴettaa ko 17 Duujal 2017
 Pathé Biritanik (13 Abriil 2014), A Nation Watches (1951), ƴettaa ko 17 Duujal 2017
 Konaa, ID (2013). &quot;Anestetik laamɗo&quot;. Jaaynde nguurndam safaara. 23 (3): 139-145. Doi:10.1177/0967772013506681. PMID 24585602. S2CID 206608721.
 Norfolk, Biraas-Tomaas, Koromer. &quot;Miijo kanseer&quot;. Telegaraam ñalnde kala. Ƴeewtaa ko ñalnde 16 Duujal 2017.
 &quot;Tabalde gollorde fotnde e laamɗo&quot;. 4 noowammbar 2016.
 Ellis, Harold (7 lewru Yarkomaa 1996). Golle ɗe mbaɗi daartol. Jaaynde Duɗal Jaaɓi-haaɗtirde Cambridge. 123 haa 130. ISBN 978-1-900151-15-3.
 &quot;1951: Laamiiɗo waɗi opereeji ƴiiƴam&quot;. 23 suwee 1951. Ƴeewtaa ko 16 desaambar 2017.
 Judd, Denis (1982). Laamɗo Joorji VI. Mikael Yuusuf. 247-248. ISBN 978-0-7181-2184-6.
 Angalteer, duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde laamɗo. “Price Thomas, John Martyn (1935-2000) – Nastirde taariiha – Nguurndam Plarr dow soobiraaɓe maako dow enternet”. Ƴeewtaa ko ñalnde 18 Duujal 2017.
 &quot;Goomu Westminster, ngam seerndude ɓernde, Angalteer, 1959-1961&quot;. musee ganndal</text>
      <sha1>3jdky84mi8n5cdioptnbbnhxzv81w7t</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Abdu Gusau Polytechnic</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>20705</id>
    <revision>
      <id>183515</id>
      <parentid>170502</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-20T14:38:03Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>6960</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260820sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]]</comment>
      <origin>183515</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3676" sha1="oboww91kzl34d9p4vl91hkv613ygust" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}'''Abdu Gusau Politeknik''' ko politeknik laamu diiwaan Talata Mafara, [[Diiwal Zamfara|Diiwaan Zamfara]], [[Naajeeriya]]

== Tariya ==
Politeknik oo sosaa ko e hitaande 1992 caggal nde gonnooɗo guwerneer [[diiwaan Sokoto]], Yahaya Abdulkarim siifondiri e kuulal ngal sosnoo ‘Politeknik Talata Mafara’.&lt;ref name=&quot;history&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://agpmafara.edu.ng/about-us/history/|title=History|website=agpmafara.edu.ng|date=23 May 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; Laamu diiwaan Sokoto wayli innde Politeknik oo, waɗti ɗum ‘Polyteknik Abdu Gusau’ e lewru feebariyee, hitaande 1995. Ɗum waɗi ko ngam teddinde maayɗo injenieer Abdu Gusau mo maayi e lewru noowammbar, hitaande 1994, ngam anndinde darnde makko e ƴellitaare Dowla oo.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Historical Background of the Polytechnic|url=https://agpmafara.edu.ng/about-us/history/|website=Abdu Gusau Polytechnic Talata Mafara|date=23 May 2020|access-date=5 September 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;. ] [[Diiwal Zamfara]] lesdi [[Naajeeriya]] sosaama bee yamiroore Fedde nden nder hitaande 1996,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|last1=NIPC|title=Nigerian States, Zamfara state|url=https://nipc.gov.ng/nigeria-states/zamfara-state/|website=Nigerian Investment Promotion Commission|date=9 January 2019|access-date=5 September 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; nden ɗum haani ummaago politeknik man haa nokkuure hesere duumotoonde haa Talata Mafara. Laamu diiwal Sokoto nattii jogaade ɗum, kadi ɗum waawataa jogaade njuɓɓudi jeyaaɗo e [[Diiwal Zamfara|diiwaan Zamfara]] tawa ina woni e Sokoto.

== Gila hitaande 2020 ==
Politeknik Abdu Gusau ko hannde woni duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde, rokkata porogaraamuuji e nder fannuuji golle aadee kala. Jooni noon ina jogori hawrude e caɗeele ƴellitaare karallaagal winndere ndee.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|last1=Alapiki|first1=Henry E.|title=State Creation in Nigeria: Failed Approaches to National Integration and Local Autonomy|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_african-studies-review_2005-12_48_3/page/49|journal=African Studies Review|date=2005|volume=48|issue=3|pages=49–65|doi=10.1353/arw.2006.0003|jstor=20065139|s2cid=146571948}}&lt;/ref&gt; Haa hitaande 2020 Politeknik ina jogii departemaaji 19, e 2524 almudɓe, ina ndokka porogaraamuuji e fannuuji keewɗi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2020-05-23|title=History|url=https://agpmafara.edu.ng/about-us/history/,%20https://agpmafara.edu.ng/about-us/history/|access-date=2023-09-05|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Duɗal ngal ina rokka hannde ND’s (Diploma ngenndiijo)[citation needed] e nder kursuuji ko wayi no; jokkondiral mawngal, bankeeji &amp; kaalis, sariya siwil, innde mahdi, innde elektirik e HND's (Diploma ngenndiijo toowɗo) e nder njuɓɓudi karallaagal birooji, njulaagu, bio-chemistry, ganndal ordinateer e limto.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://agpmafara.edu.ng/,%20https://agpmafara.edu.ng/|title=Home|date=23 May 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Kursuuji ina ndokkee ==

=== National Diploma Programmes ===

* ND Business Administration
* ND Office Technology Management
* ND Mass Communication
* ND Banking &amp; Finance,
* ND Accounting
* ND Science Laboratory Technology
* ND Computer Science
* ND Computer Engineering, Statistics, Architecture, Mechanical Engineering,
* ND Civil Engineering
* ND Building engineering
* ND Quantity survey
* ND Electrical Engineering
* ND Mechatronic
* ND Library Science,
* Diploma In Civil Law
* Diploma in Sharia and Civil Law

=== Higher National Diploma Programmes ===

* HND Business Administration
* HND Office Technology Management
* HND Accounting, Applied Science
* HND Microbiology
* HND Biochemistry
* HND Environmental Sciences
* HND Physics
* HND Computer Science
* HND Statistics
* Higher Diploma in Arabic and Islamic Sharia

== Tuugnorgal ==
{{Reflist}}</text>
      <sha1>oboww91kzl34d9p4vl91hkv613ygust</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Theatonius</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>22341</id>
    <revision>
      <id>183473</id>
      <parentid>100435</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-20T13:28:38Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>6960</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260820sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]]</comment>
      <origin>183473</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1022" sha1="t49zi0xlq4qujv6x6cmawnh7nvedhhh" xml:space="preserve">'''Theatonius''' ko leñol majjungol e nder amfibiiji Kretaseer anndaaɗi gila Amerik worgo Ko adii fof ko nde siforaa ko e nokku biyeteeɗo Lance,&lt;ref name=&quot;Fox 19962&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|last1=Fox|first1=Richard C.|title=An edentulous frog (''Theatonius lancensis'', new genus and species) from the Upper Cretaceous Lance Formation of Wyoming|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_canadian-journal-of-earth-sciences_1976-10_13_10/page/1486|journal=Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences|date=1976|volume=13|issue=10|pages=1486–1490|doi=10.1139/e76-154|bibcode=1976CaJES..13.1486F}}&lt;/ref&gt;to Wyoming, jooni kadi nde anndaa ko e nokku biyeteeɗo Utah, Montana, e New Jersey.&lt;ref name=&quot;fossilworks2&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://fossilworks.org/?a=taxonInfo&amp;taxon_no=37482|title=†''Theatonius'' Fox 1976|work=Paleobiology Database|publisher=Fossilworks|access-date=16 October 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Ndaare kadi ==

* Amfibiiji ko adii taariindi Doggol amfibiiji ko adii taariindi

== Firooji ==
{{Reflist}}
[[Category:Frogs]]
[[Category:Stub]]</text>
      <sha1>t49zi0xlq4qujv6x6cmawnh7nvedhhh</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>1991 Sokoto State gubernatorial election</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>22779</id>
    <revision>
      <id>183500</id>
      <parentid>170385</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-20T14:17:28Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>6960</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260820sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]]</comment>
      <origin>183500</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="5256" sha1="leoe6ejc0vos3jqx6rser0xgghkqxwq" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}

'''1991 Sokoto State gubernatorial election''' ko ñalnde sappo e jeewenyi naayi 14 [[lewru]] Duujal hitaande ɗumngu alif 1991. Kanndidaa NRC [[Yahaya Abdulkarim]] heɓiino woote ɗee, o fooli SDP Zuberu Maigari.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=How we politicked in the past, by veterans|url=https://dailytrust.com/how-we-politicked-in-the-past-by-veterans|access-date=2021-05-10|website=Daily Trust|date=March 9, 2019|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=CONTRADICTING ITSELF An Undemocratic Transition Seeks To Bring Democracy Nearer|url=https://www.hrw.org/legacy/reports/pdfs/n/nigeria/nigeria924.pdf|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090210080216/http://www.hrw.org/legacy/reports/pdfs/n/nigeria/nigeria924.pdf|archive-date=February 10, 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=GOVERNORSHIP AND HOUSE OF ASSEMBLY ELECTIONS, DECEMBER 14, 1991|url=https://www.ifes.org/sites/default/files/ce01273.pdf|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171204145243/http://www.ifes.org/sites/default/files/ce01273.pdf|archive-date=December 4, 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last1=Commission|first1=Nigeria National Electoral|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-RUmAQAAMAAJ|title=Governorship and House of Assembly Elections, December 14, 1991|last2=Iredia|first2=Tonnie O.|date=1991|publisher=National Electoral Commission|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Refugees|first=United Nations High Commissioner for|title=Refworld {{!}} Nigeria: Corroboration of state assembly and gubernatorial election results for Lagos State, December 1991|url=https://www.refworld.org/docid/3ae6aae538.html|access-date=2021-05-10|website=Refworld|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Nwosu|first=Professor Humphrey N.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JQgvDwAAQBAJ|title=Laying the Foundation for Nigeria's Democracy: My Account of the June 12, 1993 Presidential Election and Its Annulment|date=2017-08-01|publisher=Page Publishing Inc|isbn=978-1-63568-287-8|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|last=Shettima|first=Kole Ahmed|date=December 1995|title=Engendering Nigeria's Third Republic|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_african-studies-review_1995-12_38_3/page/61|publisher=Cambridge University Press|journal=African Studies|volume=38|number=3|pages=61–98|doi=10.2307/524793|jstor=524793|s2cid=143626393}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Nigeria - The Third Republic|url=http://countrystudies.us/nigeria/76.htm|access-date=2021-04-24|website=countrystudies.us}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=1992-07-07|title=Nigerian Vote Moves Populous African State Closer to Civilian Rule|work=Christian Science Monitor|url=https://www.csmonitor.com/1992/0707/07051.html|access-date=2021-05-10|issn=0882-7729}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Elections in Nigeria|url=https://africanelections.tripod.com/ng_governorship.html|access-date=2021-05-10|website=africanelections.tripod.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Yiituki ==
Suɓngo gomnati waɗii e huutoreeɓe suɓaaɓe. Firooje ngam ɗiɗo ɓaŋge ngam suɓugo ɓe ɗon mari bandiraama'en waɗii nder lewru Oktoobar yalnde sappo e jeewenyi naayi 19, 1991.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2019-05-30|title=Ex-Sokoto Governor Abdulkarim backs call for Oshiomhole to resign|url=https://www.sunnewsonline.com/ex-sokoto-governor-abdulkarim-backs-call-for-oshiomhole-to-resign/|access-date=2021-05-10|website=The Sun Nigeria|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=omodara|date=2020-06-26|title=ALL GOVERNORS OF SOKOTO STATE|url=https://www.glimpse.ng/all-governors-of-sokoto-state/|access-date=2021-05-10|website=Glimpse Nigeria|language=en-US|archive-date=December 1, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211201000021/https://www.glimpse.ng/all-governors-of-sokoto-state/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Daily|first=Peoples|date=2014-11-03|title=2015: The Tambuwal-Wamakko factor (II)|url=https://peoplesdailyng.com/2015-the-tambuwal-wamakko-factor-ii/|access-date=2021-05-10|website=Peoples Daily Newspaper|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2011-06-04|title=allAfrica.com: Nigeria: Sixteen Years After - Where Are Babangida's Civilian Governors? (Page 2 of 2)|url=http://allafrica.com/stories/200911110210.html?page=2|access-date=2021-05-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110604161205/http://allafrica.com/stories/200911110210.html?page=2|archive-date=June 4, 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=18 Nov 2016|title=Cabinet reshuffle not the answer — Yahaya Abdulkarim|url=https://www.pressreader.com/nigeria/daily-trust/20161118/282084866391251|access-date=2021-05-10|website=Daily Trust|via=PressReader}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2011-07-26|title=Bafarawa: Traits from his past|url=http://thenationonlineng.net/web2/articles/30856/1/Bafarawa-Traits-from-his-past/Page1.html|access-date=2021-05-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110726122542/http://thenationonlineng.net/web2/articles/30856/1/Bafarawa-Traits-from-his-past/Page1.html|archive-date=July 26, 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Suɓngo waɗii e 14 lewru Desambar 1991. NRC mo'o [[Yahaya Abdulkarim]] o heɓii je jeɓɓaare, o ɓacci SDP Zuberu Maigari. [[Yahaya Abdulkarim]] waɗi jaɓre 485,889 suɓaaɓe, nden Zuberu Maigari waɗi jaɓere 101,729 suɓaaji.

== Firooji ==
{{Reflist}}
[[Category:Stub]]
[[Category:Naajeeriya]]</text>
      <sha1>leoe6ejc0vos3jqx6rser0xgghkqxwq</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>1991 suɓaaji gomnatiji Taraba</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>22780</id>
    <revision>
      <id>183517</id>
      <parentid>170388</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-20T14:39:27Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>6960</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260820sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]]</comment>
      <origin>183517</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3322" sha1="fadu3hk2jcj9ilrbsexgahicmdol6dp" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}

'''1991 Taraba State gubernatorial election''' ko ñalnde 14 [[lewru]] Duujal hitaande ɗumngu alif 1991. Kanndidaa SDP biyeteeɗo [[Jolly Nyame]] heɓiino woote ɗee, o fooli kanndidaa NRC.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Elections in Nigeria|url=https://africanelections.tripod.com/ng_governorship.html|access-date=2021-05-15|website=africanelections.tripod.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=1992-07-07|title=Nigerian Vote Moves Populous African State Closer to Civilian Rule|work=Christian Science Monitor|url=https://www.csmonitor.com/1992/0707/07051.html|access-date=2021-05-31|issn=0882-7729}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Refugees|first=United Nations High Commissioner for|title=Refworld {{!}} Nigeria: Corroboration of state assembly and gubernatorial election results for Lagos State, December 1991|url=https://www.refworld.org/docid/3ae6aae538.html|access-date=2021-05-31|website=Refworld|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Nwosu|first=Professor Humphrey N.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JQgvDwAAQBAJ|title=Laying the Foundation for Nigeria's Democracy: My Account of the June 12, 1993 Presidential Election and Its Annulment|date=2017-08-01|publisher=Page Publishing Inc|isbn=978-1-63568-287-8|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Yiituki ==
Suɓngo gomnati waɗii e huutoreeɓe suɓaaɓe. Firooje ngam ɗiɗo partiji ngam suɓugo ɓe ɗon mari bandiraama'en waɗii nder [[lewru]] Oktoobar yande sappo e jeewenyi 19, 1991.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last1=Commission|first1=Nigeria National Electoral|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-RUmAQAAMAAJ|title=Governorship and House of Assembly Elections, December 14, 1991|last2=Iredia|first2=Tonnie O.|date=1991|publisher=National Electoral Commission|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=How we politicked in the past, by veterans|url=https://dailytrust.com/how-we-politicked-in-the-past-by-veterans|access-date=2021-05-31|website=Daily Trust|date=March 9, 2019|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=CONTRADICTING ITSELF An Undemocratic Transition Seeks To Bring Democracy Nearer|url=https://www.hrw.org/legacy/reports/pdfs/n/nigeria/nigeria924.pdf|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090210080216/http://www.hrw.org/legacy/reports/pdfs/n/nigeria/nigeria924.pdf|archive-date=February 10, 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=GOVERNORSHIP AND HOUSE OF ASSEMBLY ELECTIONS, DECEMBER 14, 1991|url=https://www.ifes.org/sites/default/files/ce01273.pdf|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171204145243/http://www.ifes.org/sites/default/files/ce01273.pdf|archive-date=December 4, 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Suɓngo waɗii e 14 lewru Desambar hiitande dubi alif 1991. SDP ardiiɗo [[Jolly Nyame]] heɓii je footi, o ɓeydi ardiiɗo NRC. [[Jolly Nyame]] waɗi jaɓɓaande 484,090 vote.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Nigeria - The Third Republic|url=http://countrystudies.us/nigeria/76.htm|access-date=2021-05-15|website=countrystudies.us}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|last=Shettima|first=Kole Ahmed|date=December 1995|title=Engendering Nigeria's Third Republic|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_african-studies-review_1995-12_38_3/page/61|publisher=Cambridge University Press|journal=African Studies|volume=38|number=3|pages=61–98|doi=10.2307/524793|jstor=524793|s2cid=143626393}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Himobe ==
{{Reflist}}
[[Category:Stub]]
[[Category:Naajeeriya]]</text>
      <sha1>fadu3hk2jcj9ilrbsexgahicmdol6dp</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Dirk Baltzly</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>23713</id>
    <revision>
      <id>183439</id>
      <parentid>91333</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-20T12:39:27Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>6960</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260820sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]]</comment>
      <origin>183439</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3165" sha1="awvh1billwugayc61wdxwob5geef29t" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}'''Dirk Christian Baltzly''' (jibinaa ko 1963) ko ganndo ganndo to Ostarali, ko jannginoowo to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Tasmani. O anndaa ko e wiɗtooji makko e Filosofi Gerek en e Roomnaaɓe ɓooyɓe.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|last1=Karamanolis|first1=George|title=Ancient Interpretations of Plato - (H.) Tarrant, (D.) Baltzly (edd.) Reading Plato in Antiquity. Pp. x + 268, figs. London: Duckworth, 2006. Cased, £50.|isbn=978-0-7156-3455-4|journal=[[The Classical Review]]|date=April 2009|volume=59|issue=1|pages=56–58|doi=10.1017/S0009840X08001820|s2cid=162516019|url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/classical-review/article/div-classtitleancient-interprertations-of-plato-tarranth-baltzlyd-edd-reading-plato-in-antiquity-pp-x-268-figs-london-duckworth-2006-cased-50-isbn-0-7156-3455-0div/5F5A5716893623D991C046EB963D882F|accessdate=24 October 2018|language=en|issn=1464-3561}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|last1=Fletcher|first1=Richard|title=Philosophy - (H.) Tarrant and (D.) Baltzly Reading Plato in Antiquity. London: Duckworth, 2006. Pp. ix + 268. £50. 9780715634554.|journal=The Journal of Hellenic Studies|date=November 2008|volume=128|pages=282|doi=10.1017/S0075426900001294|s2cid=232330489|url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-hellenic-studies/article/div-classtitlephilosophy-tarranth-and-baltzlydreading-plato-in-antiquity-london-duckworth-2006-pp-ix-268-50-9780715634554div/C18B7FB87BF21EFF7193C4FA9F3AE181|accessdate=24 October 2018|language=en|issn=2041-4099}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|last1=O'Daly|first1=Gerard J. P.|title=Proclus' Commentary on Plato's Republic|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_classical-review_1983_33_2/page/242|journal=[[The Classical Review]]|date=1983|volume=33|issue=2|pages=242–244|jstor=3063964}}&lt;/ref&gt; Baltzly ko tergal to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Ostarali (2008).&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Dirk Baltzly|url=http://www.utas.edu.au/profiles/staff/humanities/dirk-baltzly|website=Profiles - University of Tasmania, Australia|accessdate=24 October 2018|language=en-AU|date=21 August 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Deftere ==

* Baltzly D, Share M, ''Hermias: dow Plato Phaedrus 227A-245E'', Bloomsbury Academy, 2018,   
* Baltzly DC, Finamore J, Miles G, Proclus: Commentary on Plato's 'Republic, Cambridge University Press, 2018   
* Tarrant H, Layne DA, Baltzly D, Renaud F (eds.), Brill's Companion to the Reception of Plato in Antiquity, Koninklijke Brill NV, 2018   
* Baltzly D, Proclus on Time and the Stars, Cambridge University Press, 2013   
* Baltzly D, ''Proclus: commentary on Plato's Timaeus, part II - Proclus on the world soul'', Cambridge University Press, 2009,   
* Baltzly Dirk, ''Proclus: Commentary on Plato's Timaeus, part III - Proclus on the World's Body'', Cambridge University Press, 2007,   
* Tarrant H, Baltzly Dirk (eds.), Reading Plato in Antiquity, Bloomsbury Publishing, 2006,   
* Baltzly Dirk, Blyth D, Tarrant H (eds.), Kuugal e ɓernde, Fuute e ɓernde: Ɗuumɗinal nder Fillasaaku Aadaaji, University of Auckland, 2001

== Firooji ==
{{reflist}}
&lt;references /&gt;
[[Category:Osterliya]]
[[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]]
[[Category:Yimɓe wuurɓe]]</text>
      <sha1>awvh1billwugayc61wdxwob5geef29t</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Garrett Cullity</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>23824</id>
    <revision>
      <id>183485</id>
      <parentid>91424</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-20T13:45:14Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>6960</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260820sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]]</comment>
      <origin>183485</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2390" sha1="bu4gjvwj6phq62hpqr0064axd85nbex" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}'''Garrett Michael Cullity''' ko ganndo filosof mo [[Ostarali|Ostarali,]] ko jannginoowo filosof to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde ngenndiwal Ostarali. O woniino porfeseer Hughes to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Adelaide hakkunde 2007 e 2020.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|last1=Singer|first1=Peter|title=Review Essay on &quot;The Moral Demands of Affluence&quot;|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_philosophy-and-phenomenological-research_2007-09_75_2/page/475|journal=[[Philosophy and Phenomenological Research]]|date=2007|volume=75|issue=2|pages=475–483|doi=10.1111/j.1933-1592.2007.00086.x|jstor=40041119}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|last1=Sonderholm|first1=Jorn|title=The Moral Demands of Affluence: a Logical Problem for Cullity|journal=[[Acta Analytica]]|date=9 February 2015|volume=30|issue=4|pages=409–417|doi=10.1007/s12136-015-0251-2|s2cid=154810527|language=en|issn=0353-5150}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|last1=Driver|first1=Julia|title=The Moral Demands of Affluence|journal=[[Philosophical Books]]|date=January 2007|volume=48|issue=1|pages=66–70|doi=10.1111/j.1468-0149.2007.00431.x|language=en|issn=0031-8051}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|last1=Brand-Ballard|first1=Jeffrey|title=Review of The Moral Demands of Affluence|journal=Notre Dame Philosophical Reviews|date=13 June 2005|url=https://ndpr.nd.edu/news/the-moral-demands-of-affluence/|accessdate=24 October 2018|issn=1538-1617}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|last1=Schmidt|first1=Lucinda|title=Profile: Garrett Cullity|url=https://www.smh.com.au/money/investing/profile-garrett-cullity-20100727-10tv0.html|website=The Sydney Morning Herald|accessdate=24 October 2018|language=en|date=27 July 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt; O anndaa ko e wiɗtooji makko e filosofi moraal. Cullity ko Fedde to Akademi Ganndal Renndo [[Ostarali]] e Akademi Ganndal Neɗɗaŋke [[Ostarali]], kadi ko gonnooɗo hooreejo Fedde Filosof [[Ostarali]] (2012-2013).&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Cullity's CV|url=http://www.garrettcullity.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/Cv-May-18.doc|accessdate=31 October 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Deftere ==

* Kuugal, mawninki, e hawtaade, Oxford University Press, 2018
* Ɗuum ko ko'e maɓɓe ɓe ɗon ɗaɓɓita ko'e mum'en.
* Ethics and Practical Reason, ko ɓe ɓe taƴii e Berys Gaut, Oxford University Press, 1997

== Ndaare kadi ==

* Jaɓɓorgo dow dow dow
* Daliila huutoree

== Firooji ==
{{reflist}}
&lt;references /&gt;
[[Category:Osterliya]]
[[Category:Yimɓe wuurɓe]]</text>
      <sha1>bu4gjvwj6phq62hpqr0064axd85nbex</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Josephine Laffin</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>24118</id>
    <revision>
      <id>183438</id>
      <parentid>103028</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-20T12:38:32Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>6960</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260820sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]]</comment>
      <origin>183438</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2030" sha1="gfevmqkv5gth4eyoo15km2phtx7467v" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}'''Josephine Dene Laffin''' ko daartoowo [[Ostarali]], ko jannginoowo mawɗo to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde katolik [[Ostarali]]. O anndaa ko e wiɗtooji makko e seniiɓe e diineeji [[Ostarali]], haa teeŋti e Matthew Beovich.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|last1=Boland|first1=T. P.|title=Matthew Beovich: A Biography [Book Review]|journal=The Australasian Catholic Record|date=Apr 2009|volume=86|issue=2|pages=245–246|url=https://philpapers.org/rec/BOLMBA|accessdate=23 October 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|last1=Crotty|first1=Robert|title=Matthew Beovich. A Biography - By Josephine Laffin|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-religious-history_2010-12_34_4/page/500|journal=[[Journal of Religious History]]|date=15 November 2010|volume=34|issue=4|pages=500–501|doi=10.1111/j.1467-9809.2010.00917.x|language=en|issn=0022-4227}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Deftere ==

* ''Matthew Beovich: A Biography'', Wakefield Press, 2008
* Duffer's Guide to Theology: The Tutorial Notes of Michael Alexander, London: Marshall Pickering, 1997
* Duffer's Guide to the Old Testament, Zondervan, 1996
* ''Duffer's Guide to the Early Church'', Zondervan, 1995
* Goonga'en goonga: Ko'e Bibel Fuuɗunde Ko'e Ko'e Caggal Fuuɗude Michael Alexander, Adelaide: Openbook, 1993
* Ko Hol Ko Ɗuum Ɗuum Ko Hol Hol Hol Hol Ko Hol Hol Ko Ɗo'um woni? : Fuuɗuki dow Mary Mackillop (Ngol Ceniiɓe e Ceniiɓe nder Ceniiji Cakkooli), Josephine Laffin, Wakefield Press, 2010 (Saints and Holiness in the Catholic Tradition), Josephine Laffin, Wakefield Press, 2010

== Ndaare kadi ==

* Catoolike haandi jam
* Diine nder Australia
* James Gleeson (bishop) 
* Andrew Killian
* John O'Reily
* Mary MacKillop

== Firooji ==
{{reflist}}
&lt;references /&gt;

== Wurooji wurooji ==

* [https://web.archive.org/web/20200326021448/https://rexr.acu.edu.au/framework/browse.php?srperid=7380 Josephine Laffin nder ACU]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20211019044623/https://www.flinders.edu.au/people/josephine.laffin Josephine Laffin to Flinders University]
[[Category:Osterliya]]</text>
      <sha1>gfevmqkv5gth4eyoo15km2phtx7467v</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Judit Puskas</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>25600</id>
    <revision>
      <id>183419</id>
      <parentid>91557</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-20T12:11:15Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>6960</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260820sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]]</comment>
      <origin>183419</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2725" sha1="kjcym8bumgg6l3rv5eu6sntrxpuho54" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}
&lt;references /&gt;
'''Judit Puskas''' is a Distinguished Ohio State University professor noted as co-inventor of the polymer used on the Taxus-brand coronary stent.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=Akron professor Puskas to receive Charles Goodyear Medal|url=http://www.rubbernews.com/article/20161011/NEWS/161019993/akron-professor-puskas-to-receive-charles-goodyear-medal|accessdate=12 October 2016|publisher=Rubber and Plastics News|date=11 October 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|last1=Kennedy|first1=J. P.|last2=Puskas|first2=J. E.|last3=Kaszas|first3=G.|last4=Hager|first4=W. G.|title=U.S. Patent No. 4,946,899.|date=1990|publisher=U.S. Patent and Trademark Office.|location=Washington, DC|url=https://patents.google.com/patent/US4946899A/en|access-date=1 August 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt; She is the first woman to win the Charles Goodyear Medal,&lt;ref name=&quot;interview2&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=ORAL HISTORY INTERVIEWS|url=https://www.rubber.org/oral-history-interviews|website=rubber.org|publisher=ACS Rubber Division|access-date=9 October 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt; the highest honor conferred by the American Chemical Society's Rubber Division. Her research focuses on polymer engineering for breast reconstruction in cancer treatment,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|last1=Puskas|first1=J. E.|last2=Chen|first2=Y.|title=Biomedical application of commercial polymers and novel polyisobutylene-based thermoplastic elastomers for soft tissue replacement|journal=Biomacromolecules|date=2004|volume=5|issue=4|pages=1141–1154|doi=10.1021/bm034513k|pmid=15244424}}&lt;/ref&gt; green polymer chemistry, biomimetic processes, biomaterials, living polymerization,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|last1=Puskas|first1=J. E.|last2=Kaszas|first2=G.|title=Living carbocationic polymerization of resonance-stabilized monomers|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_progress-in-polymer-science_2000-04_25_3/page/403|journal=Progress in Polymer Science|date=2000|volume=25|issue=3|pages=403–452|doi=10.1016/S0079-6700(00)00010-1}}&lt;/ref&gt; polymerization mechanisms and kinetics, thermoplastic elastomers, polymer structure/property relationships, and polymer-bio interfaces.

== Jaŋde ==
O heɓii PhD maako nder Plastics and Rubber Technology/M.E. Organic and Biochemical Engineering diga Technical University of Budapest nder 1985. O timmini doktoor dow Joseph Kennedy e Jaŋde Akron. 

== Kuugal ==

* 1989-1996 - Fedde wiɗtoonde e Bayer
* 1996-2004 - Profesa to University of Western Ontario
* 2004-2018 - Farsaango to Jaŋde Akron
* 2019-ko jooni o jannginoowo e Ohio State University

== Jaɓɓorgo Kewuuji ==

* 2017 - Charles Goodyear Medal of the Rubber Division of the American Chemical Society

== Firooji ==
{{reflist}}
[[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]]
[[Category:Yimɓe wuurɓe]]</text>
      <sha1>kjcym8bumgg6l3rv5eu6sntrxpuho54</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Steven G. Vandenberg</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>25705</id>
    <revision>
      <id>183476</id>
      <parentid>87009</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-20T13:33:31Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>6960</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260820sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]]</comment>
      <origin>183476</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1264" sha1="14zlt5kfqtp91f7jtaefmol5u2ldmyz" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}
&lt;references /&gt;
Steven Vandenberg (15 sulyee 1915 to Den Helder, Pays-Bas – 27 ut 1992 to Boulder, Kolorado, Amerik) ko ganndo ko faati e jikkuuji, egguɗo Amerik caggal wolde adunaare ɗiɗmere, heɓi doktoraa mum. to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Michigan e hitaande 1955.

Daga 1960 haa 1967 o huuwi haa University of Louisville School of Medicine haa o laati ardiiɗo Louisville Twin Study. Nder hitaande 1970 o yahdi to Institute of Behavior Genetics to University of Colorado to Boulder, to o jooɗii haa o jaati. Vandenberg heɓii teddungal e jaajol ɗuuɗal nder nguurndam maako, hawti e wonde jaajol arandeejo jaajol Dobzhansky Career Award dow Association of Behavior Genetics nder hitaande 1977. Vandenberg waɗi hooreejo Association of Behavior Genetics (1984-1985) e o woni mo o haɓɓii hooreejo nder deftere maɓɓe anndal Behavior genetics.

== Firooji ==

* {{cite journal|author=J.C. Loehlin|authorlink=John C. Loehlin|year=1993|title=Steven G. Vandenberg (1915–1992)|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_behavior-genetics_1993-03_23_2/page/113|journal=[[Behavior Genetics (journal)|Behavior Genetics]]|volume=23|issue=2|pages=113–115|doi=10.1007/BF01067414|pmid=8512524|s2cid=33758200}}
[[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]]</text>
      <sha1>14zlt5kfqtp91f7jtaefmol5u2ldmyz</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Luuka Mwananshiku</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>26870</id>
    <revision>
      <id>183421</id>
      <parentid>97479</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-20T12:13:40Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>6960</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260820sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]]</comment>
      <origin>183421</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="990" sha1="8ozlh9c9gr014xqjy638fewtk0f5ejl" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}

'''Luke Mwananshiku''' (1938 – 2 marse 2003) ko banke, jom njulaagu, politik e dipolomaat Sammbinaajo. O woniino jaagorgal laamu e les njiimaandi hooreejo leydi Zambie gadano, hono Kenneth Kaunda, o woniino guwerneer Banke Zambie tuggi 1976 haa 1981, o woniino jaagorgal geɗe caggal leydi tuggi 1986 haa 1990 e Fedde Adunaare Kaalis. O sankii ko to opitaal Trust to Lusaka sabu rafi ɓernde e hitaande 2003.&lt;ref name=&quot;governors&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.boz.zm/about/governors.htm|title=Governors|website=www.boz.zm}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|jstor=160693|title=Systemic Agricultural Mismanagement: The 1985 'Bumper' Harvest in Zambia|url=https://archive.org/details/journal-of-modern-african-studies_1986-06_24_2/page/257|first=Kenneth|last=Good|date=1 January 1986|journal=The Journal of Modern African Studies|volume=24|issue=2|pages=257–284|doi=10.1017/s0022278x0000687x|s2cid=153678173}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tuugnorgal ==
&lt;references /&gt;
[[Category:Zambian]]
[[Category:Stub]]</text>
      <sha1>8ozlh9c9gr014xqjy638fewtk0f5ejl</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Waziri Ibrahim</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>28268</id>
    <revision>
      <id>183496</id>
      <parentid>177095</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-20T14:10:28Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>6960</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260820sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]]</comment>
      <origin>183496</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="6895" sha1="ij8jsf5qhsl3ht15q9sgozs6eghsqf6" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}'''Alhaji waziri Kolo Ibraahim''' (26 feebariyee 1926 – 1992) wonnoo ko neɗɗo njulaagu wuro Kanuri jeyaaɗo e diiwaan Borno, Nijeer, laamɗo dawrugol mawɓe e lannda mum e nder leydi ndi Secondo ɗiɗaɓere.&lt;ref&gt;Anyaegbunam, N. (1992). Waziri Ibrahim: Politics without bitterness. Lagos, Nigeria: Daily Times of Nigeria, p37&lt;/ref&gt; O jeyaa ko e sosɓe e kaalisuuji asliiji ɗi lannda yimɓe leydi [[Najeeriya (Nigeria)|Najeriya]], kono e hitaande 1978, o acci lannda kaa ngam sosde lannda leñol [[Naajeeriya|Najeriya]] Mawɗo (GNP). Ko o kanndidaa GNPP, o heɓi fotde 10% e woote ngenndiije e nder wooteeji leydi [[Naajeeriya|Najeriya]] hitaande 1979. (26 feebariyee 1926 – 1992) wonnoo ko neɗɗo njulaagu wuro Kanuri jeyaaɗo e diiwaan Borno, Nijeer, laamɗo dawrugol mawɓe e lannda mum e nder leydi ndi Secondo ɗiɗaɓere. O jeyaa ko e sosɓe e kaalisuuji asliiji ɗi lannda yimɓe leydi [[Najeeriya (Nigeria)|Najeriya]], kono e hitaande 1978, o acci lannda kaa ngam sosde lannda leñol [[Najeeriya (Nigeria)|Najeriya]] Mawɗo (GNP). Ko o kanndidaa GNPP, o heɓi fotde 10% e woote ngenndiije e nder wooteeji leydi Najeriya hitaande 1979.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.binghamton.edu/cdp/era/elections/nig79pres.html Election Results Archive, Center on Democratic Performance], State University of New York Binghamton. Political Handbook of the World 1980, Binghamton, NY: CSA Publications, 1980.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Nguurndam adanɗam ==
Ibraahiima jibinaama ñalnde 26 feebariyee 1926 to Yerwa, hono [[Maiduguri]]. Baaba makko, hono Baba Alhaji Ibraahim Ibnu Mohamed ko ganndo lislaam; o inniri suka jibinaaɗo keso oo caggal gondi e musiɗɗo gooto tawi noon ko Waziri mo Borno. Sukaako Waziri ko to [[Damaturu]] ɗo baaba makko wonnoo ko limaam juulirde nokkuure. O naati e duɗal leslesal [[Damaturu]] (1936–1939), caggal ɗuum wiɗtooji to duɗal hakkundeewal [[Maiduguri]] (1940–1943) caggal ɗuum duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde [[Kaduna]], 1944–1947. To duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde [[Kaduna]], o woniino sehil jannginoowo porfeseer Umaru Shehu ; hade makko timminde jaŋde makko, ko yiɗde mawɗo jaŋde Borno, [[Kashim Ibrahim]] wonde Waziri ina foti naatde e sarwiis janngingol caggal nde o heɓi bak makko. Kono Waziri yahdaani e heblo caggal nde duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Kaduna kadi o jannginaani ; e oon sahaa o suɓii ko gollodaade e U.A.C. ko o gardiiɗo jannginoowo e hitaande 1948. E nder fedde nde, o ummii e raneeɓe clirik e njuɓɓudi laamu gila e waɗde kaalis e desorɗe to U.A.C.'s, [[Maiduguri]] caltal [[Maiduguri]] e hitaande 1951. O golliima e [[Jos]] e hitaande 1952 hade makko wonde golloowo e gollotooɓe e diiwaan Benue e hitaande 1953. Nde o yalti e fedde nde, o woniino gardiiɗo diiwaan [[Kaduna]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Aluko|first=S. A.|date=1965|title=How Many Nigerians? An Analysis of Nigeria's Census Problems, 1901-63|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-modern-african-studies_1965_3_3/page/371|journal=The Journal of Modern African Studies|volume=3|issue=3|pages=371–392|issn=0022-278X|jstor=159549|doi=10.1017/S0022278X00006170}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Golle politik e njulaagu ==
To bannge politik, Waziri ko tergal NEPU e fuɗɗoode ; o yuɓɓini catal Damaturu fedde nde e hitaande 1950, o woni hooreejo catal ngal e hitaande 1951. Kono, e nder yontere yawtunde nde, Waziri naati e NPC, o toɗɗaa jaagorgal cellal leydi ndii e hitaande 1958.&lt;ref&gt;Forrest, T. (1994). The advance of African capital: The growth of Nigerian private enterprise. Charlottesville: Univ. Press of Virginiap260.&lt;/ref&gt; E hitaande 1960, o jeyaa ko e delegaasiyoŋ leydi Nijeer hono me9 njuɓɓudi ndii. E hitaande 1962, nde o woni jaagorgal ƴellitaare faggudu, o rokki Parlemaa leydi Nijeer bidsee (bidsee) njulaagu kapitaal (kapitaal) e nder duuɓi jeegom, tuugiiɗo e ɓeydagol 4% hitaande kala e nder PIB e waɗde heen jawdi e nder eɓɓooji peewtuɗi ngam ƴellitde ƴellitaare. Ina jeyaa e peeje mawɗe bidsee oo, ƴellitgol baraas Kainji. Kono tan, ko ina wona feccere e ngalu nguu ina foti heɓeede e ballal caggal leydi.

E hitaande 1962, leydi [[Naajeeriya]] waɗii binnditagol ngol ardiiɓe politik diiwaan Fuɗnaange e Hirnaange njaɓaani biro binnditagol ngol wonnoo ko e les ministeer Waziri. Tuumeede limngal ɓurngal heewde waɗii banngeeji kala, Waziri ina tuuma diiwaan Fuɗnaange oo ina ɓeyda limngal yimɓe tawi ardiiɓe fuɗnaange ɓee ina mbiya limngal hoore Fuɗnaange ngal ina ɓeydoo heewde. Luural ngal limgol hoore ndee jibini ngol addani njeñtudi binnditagol ngol woppude, tee limooje laawɗuɗe ɗee meeɗaa jaɓeede e yeeso yimɓe.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Joseph|first=Richard A.|date=1981|title=The Ethnic Trap: Notes on the Nigerian Campaign and Elections, 1978-79|journal=Issue: A Journal of Opinion|volume=11|issue=1/2|pages=17–23|doi=10.2307/1166229|jstor=1166229}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Caggal kuudetaa konu e hitaande 1966, Waziri naati e njulaagu keeriiɗo. E nder wolde hakkunde leyɗeele [[Naajeeriya]], o naatii e njulaagu kaɓirɗe e konsulteeruuji caggal ɗuum, o sosi fedde konsulteeruuji defense.&lt;ref&gt;Falola, T., &amp; Genova, A. (2009). Historical dictionary of Nigeria. Lanham, Md: Scarecrow Press. p160&lt;/ref&gt; Waziri sosi fedde sosiyeteeji e innde sosiyetee Herwa tawi ina jeyaa heen sosiyetee njulaagu tinndinooje to [[Jos]] e njulaagu saabunde e farin to [[Maiduguri]]. O udditi safrirde Herwa to wuro Kano, fotde miliyoŋaaji 5 naira. O naati nder kuugal liɗɗi ɓaawo o soodi kuugal liɗɗi Stephen Tolbert nden o ɓeydi heen, o nastini liɗɗi ɓuuɓɗi e innde kuugal ''Nigeria Cold Stores''
E hitaande 1978, Waziri naati politik kadi ; o sosi NPP e terɗe Club 19 e Conseil d’Unité Nationale. Kono luural ummii hakkunde Waziri e won e terɗe lannda ka ɓe ɓuri heewde ko almuɓɓe Azikiwe ko wayi no Adeniran Ogunsanya. Ardiiɓe Club 19 e Conseil pour l'Unité Nationale njaɓaani yiɗde Ibraahiima wonde hooreejo lannda ka e kanndidaa mum to bannge laamu. Feere ndee ɓeydii luggiɗde caggal batu gadano lannda kaa e hitaande 1978, caggal ɗuum addani mo yaltude lannda kaa. Ndeen o sosi Lannda Yimɓe Nijeer mawka. O woniino kanndidaa hooreejo leydi mo dañaani nafoore e woote 1979, kono omo yiɗaa e nder baasi Kanuri. Lannda makko heɓiino woote guwerneeruuji to Borno ɗo Kanuri en mbaɗi ko ɓuri heewde, e kadi diiwaan Gongola ɓadiiɗo.

== Nguurndam neɗɗo ==
Dewgal Waziri gadanal ko debbo aarabe Shuwa, biyeteeɗo Fatime ; caggal ɗuum o resi rewɓe ɗiɗo woɗɓe, gadiiɗo oo ko Faatima, ɓiy Kashim Ibraahiima.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://iwei-ng.org/advisory-board/|title=Advisory Board {{!}} Isa Wali Empowerment Initiative|website=iwei-ng.org|language=en-US|access-date=2018-06-11|archive-date=2018-06-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612145333/http://iwei-ng.org/advisory-board/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Kanko woni baaba mum [[Khadija Bukar Abba Ibrahim|Khadiija Bukar Abba]] Ibraahiima.

== Himobe ==</text>
      <sha1>ij8jsf5qhsl3ht15q9sgozs6eghsqf6</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Nowruz</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>28697</id>
    <revision>
      <id>183510</id>
      <parentid>106819</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-20T14:31:34Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>6960</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260820sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]]</comment>
      <origin>183510</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1032" sha1="f3lmwsk8w8wa5b1r1wgl1dclctk7k2v" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}

'''Nokku petroŋ Nowoz''' woni e nder Golf Perse, Iraan, wonnoo nokku ɗo petroŋ 1983 heewi e petroŋ.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|author=Roger Vielvoye|date=28 March 1983|title=A messy reminder|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_oil-gas-journal_1983-03-28_81_13/page/57|journal=Oil &amp; Gas Journal|pages=57|location=London}}&lt;/ref&gt;

1983 nebam
Heeñere wootere ko e fuɗɗoode tan ko tanker ina fiytoo platform.[2] E lewru marse, 1983, plateau oo yani e laana ndiwoowa Irak, tawi ko ɓuuɓri ndii yani e yiite. Hare Iraan–Iraq haɗi karallaagal nanngude wullude haa ñalnde 18 suwee 1983. Ina cappee e semmbe.[3][4] Yimɓe sappo e gooto mbaraama e nder cappanɗe.

Ɓoornugol ceertungol waɗi ko nde elikopteeruuji Irak yani e lowre saraaji mum e lewru marse 1983. Ɓoggi rig ɗii cappetee ko e lewru mee 1985. Worɓe 9 mbaraama e sahaa cappanɗe. Ko ina tolnoo e 733 000 barel (100 000 ton) nebam ina 6eydoo 6uu6de sabu ndee huunde.

E nder ɗuum, 80 miliyoŋ gallon (fotde 236 000 ton) nebam ɗam ɓuuɓnaama.[5]

References</text>
      <sha1>f3lmwsk8w8wa5b1r1wgl1dclctk7k2v</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Paseo del Jaguar</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>28960</id>
    <revision>
      <id>183444</id>
      <parentid>107852</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-20T12:47:27Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>6960</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260820sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]]</comment>
      <origin>183444</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2679" sha1="8pzba8imawqvjslpka27z5r4ouuoiss" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}'''Paseo del Jaguar''' (E Españool: &quot;Laawol Jaguar&quot;) ko njuɓɓudi jokkondirndi eɓɓooji e laabi reenngo ummoraade Amerik rewrude e Meksik e Amerik hakkundeejo feewde Amerik worgo. Faandaare Laawol ngol, ngol ganndo jaguar Alan Rabinowitz ƴetti, ko rokkude jaguar en yahde e jibinde e nder nokkuuji mum en daartol ɗii fo.&lt;ref name=&quot;NG2009&quot;&gt;{{cite web|work=[[National Geographic]]|title=Jaguars|url=http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/2009/03/jaguars/white-text/2|access-date=2010-12-12|archive-date=2011-09-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110917052340/http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/2009/03/jaguars/white-text/2|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;.Fedde Panthera ina ƴellita ɗeen ɗoon laabi e nder eɓɓaande maɓɓe Jaguar Correct.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Jaguar Corridor Initiative|url=http://www.panthera.org/programs/jaguar/jaguar-corridor-initiative|accessdate=March 16, 2012|archive-date=March 15, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120315162714/http://www.panthera.org/programs/jaguar/jaguar-corridor-initiative|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Limtol ==
Koridoruuji ɗi ngalɗoo porogaraam sosi ɗii ina ɗaɓɓi jikkuuji gonɗi e yah-ngartaa ɗii e reende ɗum en e remooɓe e remooɓe tawa ina ndokka ɗum en ɓuuɓri naftoori, ina addana ɗum en woppude golle aadee no waawirtee. Ɗeeɗoo koridoruuji e won e nokkuuji ina pamɗi no feewi no liggorde leɗɗe e saraaji ŋoral nii ; alaa e sago ɗe ngona huunde mawnde, ɗe ngona tan ko heddoraade ngam jokkondirde hoɗorɗe e nder ɓuuɓri leydi jokkondirndi. Ko ɓuri teeŋtude e Laawol Jaguar ko sosde restoraaji tokoosi gonɗi e saraaji koridor oo e nokkuuji teeŋtuɗi. Ɗeeɗoo restoraaji ina mawni tan haa jaguar ina waawi jooɗaade e dogde ñalnde wootere walla ɗiɗi, ina rokka alteret e golle riis ngam dogde jawdi.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|last=White|first=Mel|title=The Path of the Jaguar|journal=National Geographic Magazine|date=March 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Jokkondiral potngal wonde ==
Jokkondire keewɗe ina ngoodi hakkunde nokkuuji jaguaruuji jooni ɗii. Wiɗto Rabinowitz waɗi e hitaande 2010 hollitii wonde 182 e majje, heen 44 ina mbaawi ittude ɗum en e kuutoragol aadee.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|last=Rabinowitz|first=Alan|title=A range-wide model of landscape connectivity and conservation for the jaguar, Panthera onca|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_biological-conservation_2010-04_143_4/page/939|journal=Biological Conservation|date=April 2010|volume=143|issue=4|pages=939–945|doi=10.1016/j.biocon.2010.01.002|bibcode=2010BCons.143..939R}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ƴeew kadi ==
Tunnel amfibi e reptile

Koridor hoɗorde

Jaguar Amerik worgo

Jaguar Amerik worgo

== Tuugnorgal ==
&lt;references /&gt;</text>
      <sha1>8pzba8imawqvjslpka27z5r4ouuoiss</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Mottainai Bāsan</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>30306</id>
    <revision>
      <id>183486</id>
      <parentid>126209</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-20T13:45:35Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>6960</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260820sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]]</comment>
      <origin>183486</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2008" sha1="hfuwx98jzvgb76ezwiqb80663uh3896" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}'''Mottainai Bāsan''' (もったいないばいないばいないばあさん; Engele-Japon e Engele-Hindi binndanɗe ɗemɗe ɗiɗi yaltinaaɗe e les tiitoonde firo Mottainai Neene, e kadi anndiraande ko Waste-Motta-Yiɗaa-Wota Neene ko deftere &quot;No-Watta Neene&quot; winndi ɗum ko winndiyanke Japonnaajo biyeteeɗo Mariko Shinju. Deftere nde yalti ko e hitaande 2004. Konngol Japon mottainai firti ko &quot;woto ƴatto&quot; walla &quot;ko ƴatto!&quot;

Ñalnde 13 lewru Yarkomaa 2018, nde yaltinaa e firo Hindi e Engele to New Delhi, to leydi Inndo, to fedde toppitiinde ko fayti e gollondiral hakkunde leyɗeele Japon. Kodansha yaltini deftere arandeere nde ɗemɗe ɗiɗi Japon-Engele (foto) yaltini ɗum e lewru noowammbar 2005.

Shinju fuɗɗii jogaade miijooji e winndude deftere nde e etaade faamnude ɓiyiiko majjere.

== Tuugnorgal&lt;ref&gt;{{usurped|[https://web.archive.org/web/20191115114013/https://guidebookstgc.snagfilms.com/8332_Japan.pdf Article title]}} {{Bare URL PDF|date=March 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|jstor=43553399|title=&quot;Affluence of the Heart&quot;: Wastefulness and the Search for Meaning in Millennial Japan|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-asian-studies_2014-02_73_1/page/165|last1=Siniawer|first1=Eiko Maruko|journal=The Journal of Asian Studies|year=2014|volume=73|issue=1|pages=165–186|doi=10.1017/S0021911813001745|doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=14054262|title=Mottainai Grandma Reminds Japan, 'Don't Waste'|newspaper=NPR.org|publisher=}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://mainichi.jp/english/articles/20180115/p2a/00m/0et/015000c|title=Waste-battling 'Mottainai Grandma' book gets Hindi, English launch in India|date=15 January 2018|publisher=|newspaper=Mainichi Daily News}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.treehugger.com/culture/mottainai-reduce-reuse-recycle-gets-ethical-in-japan-and-beyond.html|title=Mottainai! &quot;Reduce, Reuse, Recycle&quot; Gets Ethical in Japan and Beyond|publisher=}}&lt;/ref&gt; ==</text>
      <sha1>hfuwx98jzvgb76ezwiqb80663uh3896</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Tati Concessions Land</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>32580</id>
    <revision>
      <id>183479</id>
      <parentid>134816</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-20T13:37:09Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>6960</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260820sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]]</comment>
      <origin>183479</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="4513" sha1="48ucunsetke4ksoq0khh9j8cnums4gc" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}'''Konseyo Tati''' ko konseyo leydi e miniraaji sosaaɗi e keeri hirnaange Laamu Matabele. Ko adii fof, ko laamɗo Matabele, hono Lobengula, ɓiy Mzilikazi, rokki ɗum Sir John Swinburne ngam rokkude kaŋŋe e kaɓirɗe. Ko leydi anndiraandi Protectorat Bechuanaland ardinoo ndi caggal hitaande 1893, kono ndi jokkondiri e mayri e dow bayyinaango limto 2 hitaande 1911 ngo Komiseer mawɗo Bechuanaland ƴetti. Ko Ñaawirde Jam ardinoo nde e nokku hee.

Wuro mawngo diiwaan oo ko Francistown, hannde ina jeyaa e gure mawɗe Bostwana.

Jaaynde wakkati

1864 : Oropnaaɓe njiyti kaŋŋe e nokku maayo Tati (Tati Goldfields), ndeen jeyaa ko e laamu Matabele.

1870 : Sosiyetee njulaagu Londres e Limpopo mo Sir John Swinburne rokkaama yamiroore.

1880 : Kosam ɗam woppitaa sabu waasde yoɓde njoɓdi hitaande, kosam ɗam rokkaama e nokku mum Sosiyetee njulaagu lewru, ko senndikaa mo Danial Francis, Samuel Howard Edwards (1827–1922) e woɗɓe mbaɗi.

1893 : Leydi Tati seertinaa e Matabeleland, waɗtaa e les njiimaandi Komiseer Hoɗɓe Angalteer to Protektoraat Bechuanaland.
21 lewru Yarkomaa 1911 : Hawtaama e Bechuanaland (hannde Bostwana) rewrude e sariya leydi Tati, e nanondiral keeringal ngam hisnude hakkeeji naatgol laawol laana njoorndi Rodesi (jooni laana njoorndi leydi Zimbaabwee).

== Tariya ==
Ndee feccere ina sokli ciimtol ɓeydaango ngam hoolkisaade. Tiiɗno, mballu ngam moƴƴinde ndee winndannde e ɓeydude ciimtol e lowre koolkisaande e nder ndee feccere. Kaɓirɗe ɗe ngalaa iwdi ina mbaawi luulndaade e ittude.

Yiytu iwdiiji: &quot;Leydi Tati Concessions&quot; – kabaruuji · jaayɗe · defte · ganndo · JSTOR (Juko 2023) (Anndu no e hol nde ittata ndeeɗoo mesaas)

Tati Concessions Limited sosaa ko e juuɗe Sir John Swinburne caggal nde nanondiral waɗi e mawɗo Lobengula, laamɗo Matabele, ɓiy Mzilikaze, ɗo Lobengula e Matabele keɓi kaŋŋe e kaɓirɗe, ngam waylude hakkeeji ngam ƴellitde e jogaade ndeeɗoo nokku leydi to bannge worgo Matabele. Laamu Angalteer rokki ɗum kadi hakke yaltinde tammborɗe mum Revenue e hitaande 1896 ngam huutoraade ɗum e kuutorɗe sariya.

Sosiyetee oo dañii caɗeele ngalu e hitaande 1914, o soodi ko heewi e leydi makko e sosiyatee lomtotooɗo ɗum, hono Tati Company Limited, gonɗo to leydi Angalteer, jooni ko to Bostwana.

Ɓooytaani caggal jeytaare, joom en Sosiyetee keso oo nanondirii e laamu Bostwana e gardagol Sir Seretse Khama, nanondiral leydi moƴƴal e laamu Botswana, ɗo denndaangal leyɗeele ɗe ƴellitaaki e nder Francistown, e ko ɓuri heewde e leyɗeele ndema Sosiyetee oo, ndokkaama laamu nguu, walla yeeyetee ko e nafoore nominaale, ngam nafoore ɓeen yimɓe Batswana, teeŋtuɓe e yimɓe Batswana. Ɗum addani Francistown, mo hannde oo, ɓuuɓɗo. Ɗeen nanondiral rewi heen ko nanondiral caggal ɗuum, keɓgol laamu nguu hakkeeji miniraaji Sosiyetee oo, ngam nafoore nominaale e hitaande 1974. Hakkeeji miniraaji ɗii fof ko laamu, woni noddaango e nder leydi ndii kala.

== Teskorɗe e ==

== tuugnorgal&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Francistown|publisher=Botswana Info Directory|url=http://www.botswana-info.com/country/town/966/francistown|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170618041115/http://www.botswana-info.com/country/town/966/francistown|archive-date=18 June 2017|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Harger|first=Harold S.|year=1934|title=Early Transvaal Geological Map by Carl Mauch|journal=Transactions of the Geological Society of South Africa|volume=37|pages=1–4|url=http://journals.co.za/content/sajg/38/1/AJA10120750_1669}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last1=Eriksson|first1=Patrick G.|last2=Altermann|first2=W.|last3=Förtsch|first3=E. B.|year=1995|title=Transvaal Sequence and Bushveld Complex|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_mineralium-deposita_1995-04_30_2/page/n4|journal=Mineralium Deposita|volume=30|issue=2|pages=85–88|doi=10.1007/BF00189337|bibcode=1995MinDe..30...85E|s2cid=140649997}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Galbraith&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Galbraith|first=John S.|authorlink=John Semple Galbraith|year=1974|title=Crown and Charter: The Early Years of the British South Africa Company|location=Berkeley, California|publisher=University of California Press|page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=NRHPHin5Ro4C&amp;pg=PA32&amp;lpg=PA32 32–33]|isbn=978-0-520-02693-3}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Quick&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Quick|first=Geoffrey S.|year=2001|title=Early European involvement in the Tati District|journal=Botswana Notes and Records|volume=33|pages=27–39|jstor=40980293}}&lt;/ref&gt; ==</text>
      <sha1>48ucunsetke4ksoq0khh9j8cnums4gc</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Yousef Haikal</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>32823</id>
    <revision>
      <id>183463</id>
      <parentid>136105</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-20T13:12:50Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>6960</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260820sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]]</comment>
      <origin>183463</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3518" sha1="kzaeo2d9o46dtp1o7isrwp3jgn3khlt" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}'''Yousef Haikal''' (1907-1989) ko ammbasadeer leydi Palestiin e leydi Jordani, kadi ko o meeri wuro Jaffa hakkunde 1945 e 1948.

== Nguurndam ==
Haikal jibinaa ko e hitaande 1907 to wuro Jaffa. Caggal nde o janngi to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde aarabeeɓe to Yerusalaam, o ɗaɓɓi dipolomaaji to Montpellier, Pari e to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Londres, hade makko hootde to Palestiin Mandatory e hitaande 1938. O woniino Inspekteer mawɗo Awqaf (jeyiiji renndo juulɓe to Palestiin) fotde duuɓi nay, caggal ɗuum o woniino Ñaawirde Diisnondiral to Nablus e hitaande 19414 toɗɗaa tergal Komiseer Municipaal Jaffa e dow laamuuji doosɗe. E lewru sulyee ndu o waɗaa meer, o lomtii Omar el Bitar. Lebbi 20 caggal ɗuum, Haikal suɓaama e manndaa timmuɗo ngam wonde meer.

E hitaande 1948, e nder wolde Palestiin, Haikal jokkondiri e David Ben-Gurion rewrude e hakkundeejo Angalteer ngam etaade heɓde nanondiral jam e Tel Aviv, saraaji mum. E wiyde Ben-Gurion, ko gardiiɗo milisaaji aarabeeɓe wuro ngoo, hono Abdul Wahab Ali Shihaini, haɗi nanondiral ngal ngam « hisnude halkaare » Tel Aviv. E lewru mee, Haikal ummii wuro ngoo, fayti Ammaan to leydi Jordani.

E hitaande 1949, Haikal toɗɗaa jaagorgal leydi Jordani to Amerik, E hitaande 1952, o wonti wakiliijo leydi Jordani to Fonds monétaire international. O wonii golle ɗee ɗiɗi fof haa hitaande 1953. Caggal ɗuum o ardii Delegaasiyoŋ Jordani e Komiseer Armistice Mixte Jordani–Israël to Yerusalaam hakkunde 1953 e 1954, caggal ɗuum o woni ammbasadeer Jordani to Dental Dowlaaji Amerik hakkunde 1954 e 1956, to Dowlaaji Dentuɗi691 1957 e caggal mum kadi e hitaande 1959, to leydi Indiya hakkunde 1962 e 1964 e to leydi Siin hakkunde 1964 e 1969. Haikal kadi wonnoo ko gardiiɗo leydi Jordani duumotooɗo to Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe hakkunde 1957 e 1962.[citation needed]

Caggal nde o woppi golle makko dipolomaasi, Haikal ummiima Liban, winndi heen deftere ciimtol. Hilmi Hanoun, gonnooɗo meer wuro Tulkarm hakkunde 1963 e 1998, ko ɓiy miñiiko debbo biyeteeɗo Asya.Haikal maayi ko e hitaande 1989, o wirnaa ko to Ammaan.

== Tuugnorgal&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Laor|first=Yitzhak|date=2010-07-23|title=לא תפוזים, נדל&quot;ן|trans-title=Real Estate, not Oranges|url=https://www.haaretz.co.il/literature/2010-07-23/ty-article/0000017f-e706-df5f-a17f-ffdeed0d0000|access-date=2025-08-09|work=Haaretz|language=he}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Monterescu|first=Daniel|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Mo8bCgAAQBAJ&amp;dq=%22Mayor+of+Jaffa%22&amp;pg=PA14|title=Jaffa Shared and Shattered: Contrived Coexistence in Israel/Palestine|date=2015-08-24|publisher=Indiana University Press|isbn=978-0-253-01683-6|pages=14|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;:02&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Monterescu|first=Daniel|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Mo8bCgAAQBAJ&amp;dq=%22Mayor+of+Jaffa%22&amp;pg=PA14|title=Jaffa Shared and Shattered: Contrived Coexistence in Israel/Palestine|date=2015-08-24|publisher=Indiana University Press|isbn=978-0-253-01683-6|pages=14|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=2008-03-16|title=Jordan|url=https://2001-2009.state.gov/s/cpr/94067.htm|access-date=2022-10-08|website=Department Of State|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|author=Yousef Heikal|title=Jaffa… as It Was|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-palestine-studies_summer-1984_13_4/page/7|page=7|journal=Journal of Palestine Studies|volume=13|issue=4|year=1984|translator=Imad El-Haj|doi=10.2307/2536987|jstor=2536987}}&lt;/ref&gt; ==</text>
      <sha1>kzaeo2d9o46dtp1o7isrwp3jgn3khlt</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Vital stain</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>32831</id>
    <revision>
      <id>183414</id>
      <parentid>138106</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-20T12:03:21Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>6960</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Add 2 books for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260820sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]]</comment>
      <origin>183414</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3485" sha1="rxs804w8497b62siiu30qzdn9zutgxv" xml:space="preserve">'''Taƴre nguurndam e nder kuutoragol''' casual ina waawi firtude taƴre baawnde waɗeede e cellal guurngal tawa waraani ɗum. Taƴe nguurndam ina nafta e karallaagal ƴeewndo e seppooji e nder fannuuji safaara keewɗi.E nder taƴre supravital, ko ƴiye guurɗe ittaa e nder nguurndam, tawi noon taƴre intravital ina waɗee e injection walla e naatgol taƴre ndee e nder ɓanndu. Helmere “stain vital” ndee, won e winndooɓe ina kuutoroo ɗum ngam wiyde “stain intravital”, woɗɓe kadi ina kuutoroo ɗum e stain supravital, miijo ngo ko wonde cellal ƴeewteteengal ngal ina wuuri haa jooni. E maanaa ɓurɗo tiiɗde, helmere « mbaydi nguurndam » ina jogii maanaa ceertuɗo e mbaydi « supravital ». So tawii e nder mbaydi supravital, ƴiye guurɗe ina ƴetta mbaydi ndii, e nder &quot;mbayliigu nguurndam&quot; – ko ɓuri jaɓeede kono ko nanndi e maanaa paradoxal e ndee helmere, ƴiye guurɗe ɗee ina njaltina mbaydi ndii, woni mbaydi bonndi, ko ƴiye maayɗe tan mbaylata mbaydi moƴƴiri, ko noon kadi nguurndam ina waawi ƴeewteede e limto (percentage) moƴƴo. Taƴe mawɗe no feewi walla ɗe njaltataa e membrane plasma guurɗo ina kuutoree no taƴe nguurndam nii, taƴe supravital ko ɗe tokoose walla ɗe pompitee e nder geese guurɗe. Nde tawnoo sifaa supravital e intravital mbaydi mbaylaandi fawii ko e ɗaɗol ngol, jillondiral ɗaɗol supravital e vital ina waawi kadi huutoreede e mbaadi kuuɓtodinndi ngam moƴƴinde renndinde piɓaaji e nder mbaydiiji ceertuɗi (yeru, nguurndam, maayɗo, maayɗo ekn).

Doggol taƴe nguurndam keewɗe
Ittugol danewol eosin

Propidium iodide, ko mbaydi ADN baawndi seerndude ƴiye nekrotik, apoptotik e ƴiye no feewi.

Trypan Blue, ko mbaydi mbaylaandi cellal nguurndam

Kuloriid trifenil tetrazolium

Eritrosin, woni Boɗeejo No. 3 e nder mbaydi nguura, ina waawi huutoreede ngam ittude mbaydi.

7-Aminoaktinomisin D huutorteeɗo e.g. e nder wiɗtooji flowcytometric ko faati e nguurndam ƴiiƴam.

Taƴe goɗɗe :

Janus Green B ko mbaydi mbaylaandi e mbaydi nguurndam kuutorteendi e histoloji.

== Ƴeew kadi ==
Sitopatoloji

== Histoloji ==

== Taƴde ==
Fooyre nguurndam

== Tuugnorgal&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|doi=10.1016/j.survophthal.2009.04.011|vauthors=Rodrigues EB, Costa EF, Penha FM, Melo GB, Bottós J, Dib E, Furlani B, Lima VC, Maia M, Meyer CH, Höfling-Lima AL, Farah ME|title=The use of vital dyes in ocular surgery|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_survey-of-ophthalmology_september-october-2009_54_5/page/576|journal=Survey of Ophthalmology|volume=54|issue=5|year=2009|pages=576–617|pmid=19682624}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|vauthors=Hathaway WE, Newby LA, Githens JH|title=The Acridine Orange Viability Test Applied to Bone Marrow Cells. I. Correlation with Trypan Blue and Eosin Dye Exclusion and Tissue Culture Transformation|journal=Blood|year=1964|volume=23|issue=4|pages=517&amp;ndash;525|doi=10.1182/blood.V23.4.517.517|pmid=14138242|doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|editor=McClatchey KD|title=Clinical Laboratory Medicine|edition=2nd|author=Keren DF|chapter=Section X: Immunopathology|year=2001|publisher=Lippincott Williams &amp; Wilkins|isbn=0-683-30751-7|page=1384}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|author=Lecoeur H|title=Nuclear apoptosis detection by flow cytometry: influence of endogenous endonucleases|url=https://archive.org/details/experimental-cell-research_2002-07-01_277_1/page/1|journal=Exp. Cell Res.|volume=277|issue=1|pages=1–14|year=2002|pmid=12061813|doi=10.1006/excr.2002.5537}}&lt;/ref&gt; ==</text>
      <sha1>rxs804w8497b62siiu30qzdn9zutgxv</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Erline P. McGriff</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>32864</id>
    <revision>
      <id>183446</id>
      <parentid>136753</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-20T12:51:41Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>6960</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260820sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]]</comment>
      <origin>183446</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2635" sha1="ipg0qor798l3i51eirpfg4bzk8942s2" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}'''Erline Perkins McGriff''' (18 feebariyee 1924,&lt;ref name=&quot;SNAC&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=McGriff, Erline|url=https://snaccooperative.org/view/42490392|website=SNAC|access-date=27 February 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; Petersburg, Virginia – 24 desaambar 2004) ko porfeseer ko faati e safaara to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Rory Meyers to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde New York.&lt;ref name=&quot;NYT&quot;&gt;{{cite news|title=Paid Notice: Deaths MCGRIFF, ERLINE PERKINS|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2005/01/26/classified/paid-notice-deaths-mcgriff-erline-perkins.html|access-date=24 February 2021|work=The New York Times|date=January 26, 2005}}&lt;/ref&gt; O wonti hooreejo Division e hitaande 1976 &lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|first=Erline P. McGriff|last=McGriff|year=1976|title=The Courage For Effective Leadership in Nursing|journal=Image|volume=8|number=3|pages=56–60|doi=10.1111/j.1547-5069.1976.tb01589.x|pmid=1049567|oclc=4658472897}} Image.&lt;/ref&gt; omo wallita e yaajtinde division graduate duɗal ngal.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|last1=Winstead-Fry|first1=Patricia|first2=Harriet H.|last2=Werley|first3=Joyce J.|last3=Fitzpatrick|year=1985|title=Annual Review of Nursing Research, Volume 2|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_american-journal-of-nursing_1985-07_85_7/page/838|journal=The American Journal of Nursing|volume=85|number=7|page=838|issn=0002-936X|oclc=7376682037|publisher=Lippincott Williams &amp; Wilkins|doi=10.2307/3425148|jstor=3425148}}&lt;/ref&gt; McGriff wonnoo kadi ko gardiiɗo Division Infirmière to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Trenton State.

== Jaangirde ==
McGriff heɓi bak mum to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Lucy Webb Hayes to opitaal Sibley ''Memorial'' e hitaande 1945. O heɓi B.S. (infirmiyee, 1950) e M.S. (njuɓɓudi e nder golle infirmiyee, 1953) dipolomaaji e jaŋde infirmiyee to Duɗal Jaaɓihaaɗtirde Katolik [[Amerik]] e Ed.D makko. (njuɓɓudi e nder jaŋde infirmiyee, 1967) ummoraade e duɗal jannginooɓe, duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde [[Colombia|Columbia]].&lt;ref name=&quot;CE&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|last1=McGriff|first1=Ermine P.|title=Mandatory continuing education for nurses|journal=AORN Journal|date=September 1973|volume=18|issue=3|pages=479–485|doi=10.1016/S0001-2092(07)69355-7|pmid=4489898|url=https://aornjournal.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1016/S0001-2092%2807%2969355-7|access-date=27 February 2021|url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Binndanɗe ==
Hurley, Patrisiya M.; McGriff, Erline P. (Lewru Yarkomaa 1995). &quot;Jaŋde infirmiyee e ñawu VIH/SIDA&quot;. Jaaynde Fedde Infirmiyee en e toppitagol SIDA. 6 (1): 49-52. 10.1016/S1055-3290(05)80030-5. Ɗemngal 1055-3290. &lt;nowiki&gt;PMID 7734722&lt;/nowiki&gt;. Heɓtinaama ñalnde 15 marse 2021. 

== Tuugnorgal ==</text>
      <sha1>ipg0qor798l3i51eirpfg4bzk8942s2</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Senngo batte infirmiyee</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>32871</id>
    <revision>
      <id>183434</id>
      <parentid>136221</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-20T12:32:26Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>6960</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260820sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]]</comment>
      <origin>183434</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3015" sha1="sgkoap5frpy8v4bcae6cexp10k730zq" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}
[[File:Noc kultury.jpg|thumb|Senngo batte infirmiyee]]
'''Senngo batte infirmiyee (NOC)''' ko njuɓɓudi senngo sifotoongo batte ñawɗo sensible e intervention infirmière. NOC ko njuɓɓudi ngam ƴeewtaade batte toppitagol safaara e nder golle safaara. NOC ina waɗi 330 batte, e kala heen batte ina jogii nate, firo, e denndaangal kollitooje e peeje ngam anndude keɓal batte infirmiyee e ina heen Terminaali ɗii ko terminoloji ɗi Fedde Infirmiyee en Amerik anndi, ina tawee e UMLS, kadi ko HL7 winnditaa 

E ƴellitaare golle infirmiyeeji yahruɗi yeeso e haajuuji hollirde nafoore e toppitagol ñawɓe, jannginooɓe e gollooɓe yahruɓe yeeso puɗɗiima wiɗtude e anndude batte infirmiyee-sensitive. Ɗee ina cifaa no ciforii nii, ko ngonka neɗɗo, galle walla renndo, jikku walla miijo fotngo e dow jokkondire ngam jaabaade jokkondire infirmiyee. Nursing sensible outcomes ina teskaa e nder infirmiye rheumatology,infirmiye sukaaɓe e nder toppitagol tiiɗ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last1=Doran|first1=Diane M.|last2=Harrison|first2=Margaret B.|last3=Laschinger|first3=Heather S.|last4=Hirdes|first4=John P.|last5=Rukholm|first5=Ellen|last6=Sidani|first6=Souraya|last7=Hall|first7=Linda McGillis|last8=Tourangeau|first8=Ann E.|date=March 2006|title=Nursing-sensitive outcomes data collection in acute care and long-term-care settings|journal=Nursing Research|volume=55|issue=2 Suppl|pages=S75–81|issn=0029-6562|pmid=16601638|doi=10.1097/00006199-200603001-00012|s2cid=44681188}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last1=Ingersoll|first1=G. L.|last2=McIntosh|first2=E.|last3=Williams|first3=M.|date=November 2000|title=Nurse-sensitive outcomes of advanced practice|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-advanced-nursing_2000-11_32_5/page/1272|journal=Journal of Advanced Nursing|volume=32|issue=5|pages=1272–1281|issn=0309-2402|pmid=11115013|doi=10.1046/j.1365-2648.2000.01598.x|hdl=2027.42/72541|hdl-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Krau|first=Stephen D.|date=2014-03-01|title=Nurse-Sensitive Outcomes: Indicators of Quality Care?|url=http://www.nursing.theclinics.com/article/S0029-6465(13)00127-8/abstract|journal=Nursing Clinics|language=English|volume=49|issue=1|pages=ix–x|doi=10.1016/j.cnur.2013.12.002|issn=0029-6465|pmid=24485192|url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last1=Ingersoll|first1=Gail L.|last2=McIntosh|first2=Elaine|last3=Williams|first3=Mamie|date=2000-11-01|title=Nurse-sensitive outcomes of advanced practice|journal=Journal of Advanced Nursing|language=en|volume=32|issue=5|pages=1272–1281|doi=10.1046/j.1365-2648.2000.01598.x|pmid=11115013|issn=1365-2648|url=https://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/72541/1/j.1365-2648.2000.01598.x.pdf|hdl=2027.42/72541|hdl-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://elsevier.ca/product.jsp?isbn=9780323100106|title=Elsevier: Nursing Outcomes Classification (NOC), 5th Edition: Moorhead, Johnson, Maas &amp; Swanson|website=elsevier.ca|access-date=2017-11-13}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Tuugnorgal ==
&lt;references /&gt;</text>
      <sha1>sgkoap5frpy8v4bcae6cexp10k730zq</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Mind and Madness in Ancient Greece</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>32904</id>
    <revision>
      <id>183470</id>
      <parentid>136302</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-20T13:24:03Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>6960</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260820sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]]</comment>
      <origin>183470</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1707" sha1="borvbhusxfwtgp6guygqc6086gd5ae0" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}'''Hakkille e majjere e nder leydi Geres ɓooyndi''': Daande kiiɗnde e safaara hakkille hannde ko deftere safaara nde Bennett Simon winndi.  Nde yaltinaa ko e duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Cornell e hitaande 1978, nde yaltinaa ñalnde 31 lewru nduu hitaande 1980.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|title=Bennett Simon, Mind and madness in ancient Greece; the Classical roots of modern psychiatry, Ithaca, N.Y., and London, Comell University Press, 1978, 8vo, pp. 336, illus., £12.25.|journal=Medical History|date=1980-01-01|volume=24|issue=1|doi=10.1017/s0025727300039843|first=Vivian|last=Nutton|pages=100–101|doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|title=Review|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_american-journal-of-philology_summer-1980_101_2/page/241|journal=The American Journal of Philology|date=1980-07-01|pages=241–244|volume=101|issue=2|doi=10.2307/294440|first=Penelope|last=Rainey|jstor=294440|pmc=1082625}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|title=Mind and madness in ancient Greece; the Classical roots of modern psychiatry|journal=Medical History|date=1980-01-01|issn=0025-7273|pmc=1082625|pages=100–101|volume=24|issue=1|first=Vivian|last=Nutton|doi=10.1017/s0025727300039843}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|title=Mind and madness in ancient greece: The classical roots of modern psychiatry|journal=JAMA|date=1981-03-06|issn=0098-7484|pages=100–101|volume=245|issue=9|doi=10.1001/jama.1981.03310340055032|pmc=1082625|last1=Goldberg|first1=Arnold}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Bibliyogaraafi ==
&lt;nowiki&gt; &lt;/nowiki&gt;Hakkille e majjugol e nder leydi Geres ɓooyndi: ɗaɗi ɓooyɗi e safaara hakkille hannde oo, to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Cornell, 1980, &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 9780801492020&lt;/nowiki&gt;

== Tuugnorgal ==
&lt;references /&gt;</text>
      <sha1>borvbhusxfwtgp6guygqc6086gd5ae0</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Asteroid body</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>32943</id>
    <revision>
      <id>183498</id>
      <parentid>136464</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-20T14:15:24Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>6960</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Add 3 books for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260820sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]]</comment>
      <origin>183498</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2883" sha1="nrqtse2m9n1751y6w7b4r86bpzq2ory" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}'''Ɓanndu asteroid''' ko yiytugol mikroskoop yiyteteengol e nder ƴiye mawɗe ɗe granulomaaji e nder ñawuuji ko wayi no sarkoidosis e reactions ƴiye mawɗe ɓalli jananɗi.

Luural ina woodi e ko ɓe mbaɗi koo. E aadaaji, ɗe cikkatnoo ko geɗe sitoskeletal, ko ɓuri heewde e majji ko vimentin. Kono tan, wiɗtooji baɗanooɗi ko ɓooyaani kollitii wonde ɗuum sellaani, ina gasa tawa ko ɗi lipiduuji peewnaaɗi e nder membraneeji bilayer.

Kadi ina sikkaa wonde ina nanndi e sentiriyoluuji, ko ɗum huunde jeyaande e senngo taklon e nder yukariyot en.

== Ƴeew kadi ==
Asteroyid

== Sentiriyol ==
Ɓanndu Schauman

Ñawuuji ƴiiƴam

== Sarkoidosis ==
Nate ɓeydaaɗe

Mikrogaraam ɓalli asteroid e nder sarkoidosis pulmonaire. H&amp;E taƴre.

Mikrogaraam ɓalli asteroid e nder sarkoidosis pulmonaire. H&amp;E taƴre.

Mikrogaraam ɓalli asteroid e nder sarkoidosis pulmonaire. H&amp;E taƴre.

Mikrogaraam ɓalli asteroid e nder sarkoidosis pulmonaire. H&amp;E taƴre.

Ɓanndu asteroyid e nder sarkoidosis.

Ɓanndu asteroyid e nder sarkoidosis.

== Tuugnorgal&lt;ref name=&quot;pmid204105&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last1=Cain|first1=H|last2=Kraus|first2=B|title=Asteroid bodies: derivatives of the cytosphere. An electron microscopic contribution to the pathology of the cytocentre.|journal=Virchows Archiv B|volume=26|issue=2|pages=119–32|date=Dec 1977|doi=10.1007/BF02889541|pmid=204105|s2cid=104329698}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;pmid6133393&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last1=Cain|first1=H|last2=Kraus|first2=B|title=Immunofluorescence microscopic demonstration of vimentin filaments in asteroid bodies of sarcoidosis. A comparison with electron microscopic findings.|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_virchows-archiv-b_1983-02_42_2/page/213|journal=Virchows Archiv B|volume=42|issue=2|pages=213–26|year=1983|doi=10.1007/BF02890384|pmid=6133393|s2cid=40233107}}&lt;/ref&gt;  However, more recent research suggested that that was incorrect and that they may be composed of [[lipids]] arranged into [[Lipid bilaer|bilayer membranes]].&lt;ref name=&quot;pmid1323892&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last1=Papadimitriou|first1=JC|last2=Drachenberg|first2=CB|title=Ultrastructural analysis of asteroid bodies: Evidence for membrane lipid bilayer nature of components|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_ultrastructural-pathology_july-august-1992_16_4/page/413|journal=Ultrastruct Pathol|volume=16|pages=413–421|year=1992|doi=10.3109/01913129209057826|pmid=1323892|issue=4}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;pmid2853474&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last1=Kirkpatrick|first1=CJ|last2=Curry|first2=A|last3=Bisset|first3=DL|title=Light- and electron-microscopic studies on multinucleated giant cells in sarcoid granuloma: new aspects of asteroid and Schaumann bodies.|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_ultrastructural-pathology_1988_12_6/page/581|journal=Ultrastruct Pathol|volume=12|issue=6|pages=581–97|year=1988|doi=10.3109/01913128809056483|pmid=2853474}}&lt;/ref&gt; ==</text>
      <sha1>nrqtse2m9n1751y6w7b4r86bpzq2ory</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Dante's Cure</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>32979</id>
    <revision>
      <id>183441</id>
      <parentid>136618</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-20T12:43:27Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>6960</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Add 2 books for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260820sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]]</comment>
      <origin>183441</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1388" sha1="slr1gs6iip1zdas66ig1k073ya94h3z" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}
[[File:La cure d'altitude (electronic resource) (IA b20405960).pdf|thumb]]
'''Safaara Dante''': Jaɓɓungal yaltude e majjere ko deftere nde safroowo hakkille biyeteeɗo Daniel Dorman winndi e hitaande 2004, nde rewi e makko e Catherine Penney, debbo gonɗo e mboros skizofreni e anoreksi, nde o selli e ngonkaaji ɗiɗi ɗii fof tawa o alaa lekki. Deftere nde Other Press yaltini, nde ƴeewtaama e binndanɗe keewɗe.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.kirkusreviews.com/book-reviews/daniel-dorman-2/dantes-cure/|title=Dante's Cure: A Journey Out of Madness|work=Kirkus Reviews|date=February 1, 2004|access-date=August 29, 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|title=Dante's Cure: A Journey Out of Madness|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_psychiatric-services_2007-05_58_5/page/721|doi=10.1176/ps.2007.58.5.721a|last=Goldman|first=Sara|journal=Psychiatric Services|volume=58|issue=5|page=721|date=May 2007}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.publishersweekly.com/9781590511015|title=Dante's Cure: A Journey Out of Madness|work=Publishers Weekly|access-date=August 29, 2025|date=February 9, 2004}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|title=Psychotherapy|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_jama_2004-10-20_292_15/page/1895|doi=10.1001/jama.292.15.1895|journal=JAMA|first=Mary|last=Hartshorn|date=October 20, 2004|volume=292|issue=15|pages=1895–1896}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tuugnorgal ==
&lt;references /&gt;</text>
      <sha1>slr1gs6iip1zdas66ig1k073ya94h3z</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Cartwheel pattern</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>32986</id>
    <revision>
      <id>183489</id>
      <parentid>136644</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-20T13:50:31Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>6960</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260820sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]]</comment>
      <origin>183489</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="961" sha1="kvua146i27cqexr1o54ry2rma5lk986" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}'''Pattern cartwheel''' ko pattern mahdi histopatoloji. E nder mikroskoop, peeje karte ina nanndi e toɓɓe hakkundeeje ɗe njaltata ko e cellal walla e ƴiye jokkondirɗe haa yaasi. Pattern cartwheel ina waawi wonde ko aldaa e njuɓɓudi, so mawningol mum ina famɗi, ina waawi addande ƴiye ɗee feeñde ina ɓuuɓtoo e nder ɓuuɓri.

Tuumre ɓalndu baawnde renndineede e &quot;storiforme&quot;, jogiinde ƴiye gonɗe e ƴiye juutɗe ummoriiɗe e nokku hakkundeejo, ɓuri heen heewde ko :

Histiyositooma fibrous (dermatofibroma)

Perineurioma ƴiiƴam softuɗam

Dermatofibrosarkoma ɓuuɓɗo

== Tuugnorgal&lt;ref name=&quot;stone&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|last1=Stone|first1=John H.|last2=Zen|first2=Yoh|last3=Deshpande|first3=Vikram|title=IgG4-Related Disease|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_new-england-journal-of-medicine_2012-02-09_366_6/page/539|journal=The New England Journal of Medicine|volume=366|pages=539–551|year=2012|doi=10.1056/NEJMra1104650}}&lt;/ref&gt; ==</text>
      <sha1>kvua146i27cqexr1o54ry2rma5lk986</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Clue cell</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>32993</id>
    <revision>
      <id>183431</id>
      <parentid>136676</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-20T12:26:16Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>6960</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260820sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]]</comment>
      <origin>183431</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1201" sha1="hifwhho5wx6rkr4s86giy8zjtcd6pbw" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}'''Clue cells''' ko piɓaaji epiteliyal gonɗi e nder reedu keɓoowo mbaadi mum keeriindi toɓɓere nde ɓuuɓnata bakteriiji. Etimoloji caggal helmere &quot;clue&quot; cellal ummorii ko e winndannde wiɗto asliire ummoraade e Gardner e Dukes sifotoonde cellal sifaa. Innde ndee suɓaama ngam juutde balɗe e siftinde sine qua non mboros bakteriiji.

Ko ɗe maande safaara mboros bakteriiji, haa teeŋti noon e mboros biyeteeɗo Gardnerella vaginalis, fedde bakteriiji baylotooɗi Gram. Ooɗoo ñawu bakteriiji ina maantini e ɓuuɓri ɓalndu ɓuuɓndi, e ɓeydagol pH ɓalndu gila hedde 4,5 haa ɓura 5,5.


Bakteriiji cuuɗiiɗi e dow ƴiye epiteliyal ɓalndu, ina ndokka ɗum en mbaadi ɓuuɓndi

== Tuugnorgal&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|last=Gardner|first=Herman|author2=Dukes, Charles|title=Haemophilus vaginalis vaginitis: A newly defined specific infection previously classified &quot;nonspecific&quot; vaginitis|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_american-journal-of-obstetrics-and-gynecology_1955-05_69_5/page/962|journal=American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology|date=May 1955|pages=962–976|pmid=14361525|volume=69|issue=5|doi=10.1016/0002-9378(55)90095-8}}&lt;!--|accessdate=24 January 2013--&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; ==</text>
      <sha1>hifwhho5wx6rkr4s86giy8zjtcd6pbw</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Ectopic pancreas</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>33008</id>
    <revision>
      <id>183464</id>
      <parentid>136730</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-20T13:13:38Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>6960</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260820sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]]</comment>
      <origin>183464</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2716" sha1="lheq5bu2eixmf8cj87vb377zd9blpn2" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}'''Pankreas ektopik''' ko mboros gonɗo e ɓalndu, ɗo ƴiiƴam pankreas mawni e nokku mum no woorunoo (ektopi) tawa alaa ko jokkondiri e ƴiiƴam walla ko nanndi e ɓalndu. Ko ñawu nguu jibinaa, ina wiyee kadi pankreas heterotopik, aksesoor, walla aberrant.

== Maandeeji e maandeeji ==
Heewi wonde ko pankreas heterotopik alaa ko hollirta. So tawii ina woodi, maale ɗee ina mbaawi wonde : ɓuuɓri reedu e ɓuuɓri reedu.Pankreas heterotopik ina heewi anndeede ko yiytugol kesol e nder wiɗtooji ƴeewndorɗe baɗaaɗi ngam daliilu mo jokkondiraani.

Ɓowɗi pankreas ektopik ina mbaawi feeñde e kala nokku e nder reedu, hay so tawii ko ɓuri 90 e nder teemedere ina tawee e reedu,


Fooftere pankreas e nder antrum reedu

duodenum, walla jejunum.Ɗum heewi feeñde ko no ɓuuɓri ɓuuɓndi walla ɓuuɓri ɓuuɓri. Ko famɗi fof, ƴiiƴam heterotopik pankreas ina waawi taweede e nder ɓalndu, e nder ƴiiƴam walla e nder heeñere.

== Ñawu nguu ==
Ñawndugol pankreas ektopik ina waawi wonde caɗeele. Tabitingol ñawu nguu ina ɗaɓɓi ƴettugol ƴiiƴam, rewrude e biopsie walla resection chirurgicale.

== Hurgol ==
So tawii maale ɗee ngalaa, ndeen safaara alaa e sago. So maale ɗee ina ngoodi, safaara oo ko ƴettude ƴiiƴam.

== Epidemiyoloji ==
Ko heewi e pankreas heterotopik ina famɗi no feewi.

== Tuugnorgal&lt;ref name=&quot;Perera&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=Perera, Eranga|title=Ectopic Pancreas|date=26 April 2010|publisher=Imaging Science Today|url=http://imagingsciencetoday.com/teaching-case/gi-radiology/20100426/ectopic-pancreas-1000.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101125004205/http://imagingsciencetoday.com/teaching-case/gi-radiology/20100426/ectopic-pancreas-1000.html|archivedate=25 November 2010|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; It is a [[disease]] which is [[Birth defect|congenital]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Perera&quot; /&gt; and is also known as heterotopic, accessory, or aberrant pancreas.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Kim, Ji Young|year=2009|title=Ectopic Pancreas: CT Findings with Emphasis on Differentiation from Small Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor and Leiomyoma|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_radiology_2009-07_252_1/page/92|journal=Radiology|publisher=Radiological Society of North America|volume=252|issue=1|pages=92&amp;ndash;100|doi=10.1148/radiol.2521081441|display-authors=etal|pmid=19561251}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;Yuan&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|last1=Yuan|first1=Z|last2=Chen|first2=J|last3=Zheng|first3=Q|last4=Huang|first4=XY|last5=Yang|first5=Z|last6=Tang|first6=J|title=Heterotopic pancreas in the gastrointestinal tract.|journal=World Journal of Gastroenterology|date=7 August 2009|volume=15|issue=29|pages=3701–3|doi=10.3748/wjg.15.3701|pmid=19653355|pmc=2721251|doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt; ==</text>
      <sha1>lheq5bu2eixmf8cj87vb377zd9blpn2</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Handbook on Drug and Alcohol Abuse</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>33029</id>
    <revision>
      <id>183509</id>
      <parentid>136855</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-20T14:30:50Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>6960</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260820sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]]</comment>
      <origin>183509</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1642" sha1="s9cl5fh3mso72s56kuw0shr1xelydve" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}
[[File:Annual report - National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (IA annualreportnati1998nati).pdf|thumb]]
'''Defter janngirde''' ko faati e ñawu nguu e alkol: geɗe safaara nguurndam nde Gail Winger, Frederick G. Hofmann, e James H. Woods mbinndi, yaltinaa to New York, to jaaynde jaaɓi-haaɗtirde Oxford e hitaande 1992. Deftere 4ɓiire, hesɗitinaande e tonngoode ko faati e « ñawu nguu e nder fedde » yaltinaa e hitaande 204.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|last=Solomon|first=Gary|title=An updated handbook on abused substances|journal=PsycCRITIQUES|volume=49|year=2004|doi=10.1037/040869}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Jaɓɓugo ==
Deftere nde heɓi jaɓɓungal jillondirngal e jaayɗe safaara.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|last=Fong|first=Timothy|title=A Handbook on Drug and Alcohol Abuse: The Biomedical Aspects (4th ed.)|journal=American Journal of Psychiatry|publisher=American Psychiatric Association|year=2005|url=http://ajp.psychiatryonline.org/cgi/content/full/162/8/1556-a|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080611153735/http://ajp.psychiatryonline.org/cgi/content/full/162/8/1556-a|archive-date=2008-06-11}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|last=Heckman|first=Carolyn|title=Review of Handbook on Drug and Alcohol Abuse: The Biomedical Aspects (4th edn)|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_psychological-medicine_2005-04_35_4/page/598|journal=Psychological Medicine|volume=35|issue=4|pages=598–599|year=2005|doi=10.1017/S0033291705244690|s2cid=145064029}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Deftere adannde ndee yaltinaa ko e hitaande 1975, nde Frederick Hofmann e Adele Hofmann mbinndi ɗum, hono deftere ko faati e ñawu nguu e alkol.

== Tuugnorgal ==
&lt;references /&gt;</text>
      <sha1>s9cl5fh3mso72s56kuw0shr1xelydve</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Infectious Diseases of Humans: Dynamics and Control</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>33035</id>
    <revision>
      <id>183482</id>
      <parentid>136896</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-20T13:41:12Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>6960</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Add 2 books for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260820sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]]</comment>
      <origin>183482</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1530" sha1="lf5gjttl0van4iqnifi5tjerw5klrgy" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}'''Ñawuuji gonɗi e aadee : Diinaaji e jokkondire''' ko deftere nde Roy M. Anderson e Robert May, Baron May mo Oxford, yaltini e hitaande 1991 to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Oxford. Ko binndol semmbinngol[citation needed] e nder mbayliigu hiisiwal ñawu nguu. Deftere ndee ina siftina mikroo-parasiit e makroparasiit aadee.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last1=Anderson|first1=Roy M.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HT0--xXBguQC&amp;pg=PP9|title=Infectious Diseases of Humans: Dynamics and Control|last2=Anderson|first2=B.|last3=May|first3=Robert M.|date=1992-08-27|publisher=OUP Oxford|isbn=978-0-19-854040-3|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Cohen1992&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|last1=Cohen|first1=Joel E.|title=Infectious Diseases of Humans: Dynamics and Control|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_jama_1992-12-16_268_23/page/3381|journal=JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association|volume=268|issue=23|year=1992|pages=3381|issn=0098-7484|doi=10.1001/jama.1992.03490230111047}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|title=Infectious Diseases of Humans: Dynamics and Control|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_annals-of-internal-medicine_1992-07-15_117_2/page/174|journal=Annals of Internal Medicine|volume=117|issue=2|year=1992|pages=174–175|issn=0003-4819|doi=10.7326/0003-4819-117-2-174_4}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|title=Infectious Diseases of Humans: Dynamics and Control|author=H.E. Tillett|journal=Epidemiology and Infection|volume=108|issue=1|year=1992|page=211|doi=10.1017/S0950268800059896|pmc=2272191}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Tuugnorgal
&lt;references /&gt;</text>
      <sha1>lf5gjttl0van4iqnifi5tjerw5klrgy</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Eosinophiluria</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>33047</id>
    <revision>
      <id>183483</id>
      <parentid>136935</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-20T13:42:25Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>6960</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260820sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]]</comment>
      <origin>183483</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1733" sha1="g2zj945d6ih7mpfmi31ixdzzqgo8rtp" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}'''Eosinofiluri''' ko ɓuuɓri gonndi e ƴiiƴam tawa ina woodi. Ina waawi fotde e yiytude tolnooji poroteyiin kationik eosinofil.

== Sarɗiiji jokkondirɗi ==
Ina waawi jokkondirde e sarɗiiji keewɗi, ina jeyaa heen :

Ñawuuji ƴiiƴam ko wayi no nefritis interstitiel ɓuuɓɗo e ñawu ƴiiƴam ɓuuɓngu ummoraade e emboli kolesterol

Granulomatosis eosinofilik e polianjitis

Eosinophiluria (&gt;5% e ƴiiƴam ƴiiƴam ) ko huunde heewnde yiyeede (~90%) e nder nefritis alerji mo antibiotik addata, kono limfositte ɓuri heewde e nefritis alerji hakkundeejo mo AINE saabii. Eosinofiluri ko sifaa ARF ateroembolik.

== Tuugnorgal.&lt;ref name=&quot;pmid10761720&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|vauthors=Reimert CM, Mshinda HM, Hatz CF, etal|title=Quantitative assessment of eosinophiluria in Schistosoma haematobium infections: a new marker of infection and bladder morbidity|journal=Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg.|volume=62|issue=1|pages=19–28|date=January 2000|pmid=10761720|doi=10.4269/ajtmh.2000.62.19|url=http://www.ajtmh.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&amp;pmid=10761720|doi-access=free|url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;pmid15102984&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|vauthors=Ohsawa I, Ohi H, Takahashi K|title=Eosinophiluria in Churg–Strauss syndrome|journal=Nephrol. Dial. Transplant.|volume=19|issue=5|pages=1333|date=May 2004|pmid=15102984|doi=10.1093/ndt/gfh160|doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|title=Eosinophiluria and Acute Interstitial Nephritis|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_new-england-journal-of-medicine_2008-04-17_358_16/page/1760|journal=[[New England Journal of Medicine]]|volume=358|issue=16|pages=1760–1761|date=17 April 2008|doi=10.1056/NEJMc0708475|pmid=18420515|last1=Fletcher|first1=Andrew|doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt; ==</text>
      <sha1>g2zj945d6ih7mpfmi31ixdzzqgo8rtp</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Phipps Institute for the Study, Treatment and Prevention of Tuberculosis</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>33064</id>
    <revision>
      <id>183524</id>
      <parentid>137000</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-20T14:48:49Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>6960</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260820sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]]</comment>
      <origin>183524</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="807" sha1="jb5l5nt77hs2y77jqgbykjlut8gmmjx" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}Duɗal '''Phipps ngam janngude, safrude e haɓaade''' ñawu nguu to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Pennsylvania sosaa ko e hitaande 1903 e ballal Henry Phipps, gonnooɗo gollodiiɗo Andrew Carnegie e njulaagu.&lt;ref name=&quot;DavidMcBride&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|last=McBride|first=David|date=Spring 1987|title=The Henry Phipps Institute, 1903-1937: Pioneering Tuberculosis Work With an Urban Minority|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_bulletin-of-the-history-of-medicine_spring-1987_61_1/page/78|journal=[[Bulletin of the History of Medicine]]|pages=78–97|volume=61|number=1|publisher=[[Johns Hopkins University Press]]|issn=0007-5140|jstor=44433664|pmid=3548853|df=mdy-all}}&lt;/ref&gt;Dr. Esmond R. Long woni gardiiɗo duɗal ngal gila 1935 haa nde o woppi golle e hitaande 1955.[3]

== Tuugnorgal ==
&lt;references /&gt;</text>
      <sha1>jb5l5nt77hs2y77jqgbykjlut8gmmjx</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Pappenheimer bodies</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>33067</id>
    <revision>
      <id>183466</id>
      <parentid>180814</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-20T13:17:16Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>6960</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Add 2 books for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260820sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]]</comment>
      <origin>183466</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3294" sha1="eyxj6f1dj6089spvx27x11bv0cy48l0" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}'''Ɓalli Pappenheimer''' ko ɓuuɓri basofilik njamndi tawaandi e nder ƴiiƴam mboɗejam e dow ƴiiƴam gonɗam e ƴiiƴam.[1]  Ko ɗi sifaa ɓanndu naatndu, tawa ina waɗi ɓuuɓri ferritin, walla mitokondriyaaji walla fagosomuuji jogiiɗi ferritin ɓuuɓri.  Ɗe peeñata ko e ɓuuɓri ɓuuɓndi, ɓuuɓndi-boɗeeri e nder ƴiiƴam mboɗejam, ina heewi wonde heen gooto walla ɗiɗi tan, tawa ina tawee e saraaji ƴiiƴam ɗam.  Ɓe ɓuuɓna e dow ɓuuɓol Romanowsky sabu ɓuuɓol ribosomeeji ina ɓuuɓtoo e ɓuuɓol gonngol e njamndi.

Piɓaaji baɗɗi ɓalli Pappenheimer ko siderosit.  Retikulositteeji ina keewi jogaade ɓalli Pappenheimer.  Ɗi ɓuri teskeede ko e ñawuuji ko wayi no mboros miyelodisplastik (MDS), ŋakkere ƴiiƴam sideroblastik, ŋakkere ƴiiƴam hemolitik, tooke plumbum e ñawu sickle cell.  Eɗe mbaawi jokkondirde e limgol ƴiiƴam so tawii ƴeewndo ngoo waɗiraa ko limtooji elektoro-optik.&lt;ref name=&quot;pmid15054821&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|vauthors=Sears DA, Udden MM|title=Pappenheimer bodies: a brief historical review|journal=Am. J. Hematol.|volume=75|issue=4|pages=249–50|year=2004|pmid=15054821|doi=10.1002/ajh.20008|doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ceertugol e ɓuuɓri basofilik ==
Ɓalli Pappenheimer ina poti seertude e ɓuuɓri basofiil goɗɗi nder eritrosit hono ɓuuɓri basofiil.  Ko luutndii ɗiɗaɓi ɗii, ina njogii njamndi.&lt;ref name=&quot;Wintrobe's&quot;&gt;{{cite book|title=Wintrobe's clinical hematology|url=https://archive.org/details/wintrobesclinica0000unse_j8c7|location=Philadelphia|date=2014|isbn=978-1451172683|page=[https://archive.org/details/wintrobesclinica0000unse_j8c7/page/8 8]|edition=Thirteenth|last1=Greer|first1=John P.|last2=Arber|first2=Daniel A.|last3=List|first3=Alan F.|last4=Foerster|first4=John}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tariya ==
E hitaande 1945, Alwin Maks Pappenhaimer e woɗɓe.  siftinii ñawɓe tato ɓe ƴiiƴam mum en boɗejam, caggal nde ɓe ƴetti ƴiiƴam, hollirii naatgol so ɓe mbayliima e mbaydi Giemsa walla mbaydi Wright..&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|doi=10.3181/00379727-56-14627P|title=Unidentified Inclusions within the Erythrocytes in Certain Gases of Febrile Anemia|url=https://archive.org/details/experimental-biology-and-medicine_1944-06_56_2/page/145|year=1944|last1=Pappenheimer|first1=A. M.|last2=Thompson|first2=W. P.|last3=Parker|first3=D.|last4=Smith|first4=K. E.|journal=Experimental Biology and Medicine|volume=56|issue=2|pages=145–148|s2cid=88228863}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ñawu nguu ==
Ɓalli Pappenheimer ina njiyee e mbaydi Wright e/walla Giemsa.  Tabitingol njamndi ndi wonaa heme e nder ɓuuɓri ndii ina waɗee e ɓuuɓri Perls’ Prusse blue stain, ndiin ƴiiƴam mboɗejam ɗam alaa sifaa, ndeen ina anndiraa siderocyte.[5]  Ko yiytude sideroblasteeji cirƴaaɗi (walla cirƴaaɗi) tan ina sifaa ŋakkere ƴiiƴam sideroblastik..&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|doi=10.3181/00379727-56-14627P|title=Unidentified Inclusions within the Erythrocytes in Certain Gases of Febrile Anemia|url=https://archive.org/details/experimental-biology-and-medicine_1944-06_56_2/page/145|year=1944|last1=Pappenheimer|first1=A. M.|last2=Thompson|first2=W. P.|last3=Parker|first3=D.|last4=Smith|first4=K. E.|journal=Experimental Biology and Medicine|volume=56|issue=2|pages=145–148|s2cid=88228863}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tuugnorgal ==
&lt;references /&gt;</text>
      <sha1>eyxj6f1dj6089spvx27x11bv0cy48l0</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Feathery degeneration</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>33076</id>
    <revision>
      <id>183507</id>
      <parentid>137045</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-20T14:28:32Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>6960</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260820sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]]</comment>
      <origin>183507</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1354" sha1="8nh9171z3ggoig0jnut0uaqytlz4s42" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}'''E nder histopatoloji, ɓuuɓri ƴiiƴam, ɓuuɓri ƴiiƴam hepatositteeji, ko sifaa maayde ƴiiƴam parenkiima heeñere''' (ɗum woni hepatositteeji) jokkondirnde e kolestasis.

Piɓaaji gonɗi e ngalɗoo mbaadi maayde piɓaaji ina njogii sitoplasma peeñɗo e flokulant, ina ɓuri hepatositteeji keewɗi mawnude.

Jokkondiral e degeneraasiyoŋ ballon
Degeneraasiyoŋ baali ina nanndi seeɗa e mbaadi degeneraasiyoŋ ballon, ko ɗum addanta sabaabuuji goɗɗi (yeru alkol, ŋakkere teddeendi) ; ina jogii kadi laɓɓingol sitoplasma e ɓuuɓri cellal.

== Ƴeew kadi ==
Fosfataas alkali toowɗo (ALP)

== Mallory ɓanndu ==
Ñawu heege ɓuuɓngu ngu aldaa e alkol

== Hepatitis steato ==
Kolangitis sklerosis gadano

== Nate ɓeydaaɗe ==
Degeneraasiyoŋ ɓuuɓɗo. H&amp;E taƴre.

Degeneraasiyoŋ ɓuuɓɗo. H&amp;E taƴre.

== Tuugnorgal&lt;ref name=&quot;pmid15085484&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last1=Li|first1=MK|last2=Crawford|first2=JM|title=The pathology of cholestasis.|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_seminars-in-liver-disease_2004-02_24_1/page/21|journal=Semin Liver Dis|volume=24|issue=1|pages=21–42|date=Feb 2004|doi=10.1055/s-2004-823099|pmid=15085484}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;pmid8600686&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last1=Desmet|first1=VJ|title=Histopathology of cholestasis.|journal=Verh Dtsch Ges Pathol|volume=79|pages=233–40|year=1995|pmid=8600686}}&lt;/ref&gt; ==</text>
      <sha1>8nh9171z3ggoig0jnut0uaqytlz4s42</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Fibrin ring granuloma</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>33078</id>
    <revision>
      <id>183425</id>
      <parentid>137052</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-20T12:18:06Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>6960</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260820sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]]</comment>
      <origin>183425</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1432" sha1="7se72c5aybpyngokc5q9lx6tg58jprg" xml:space="preserve">'''Granuloma ring fibrin,''' anndiraango kadi granuloma donut, ko yiytugol histopatoloji, ina sifaa e ñawu Q. E dow mbaydi hematoksilin-eosin, granuloma cirƴam fibrin ina waɗi ɓuuɓri lipid hakkundeeri (ko heewi ko looteede e nder fiɓnde e ɓuuɓri, heddotoo tan ko ɓuuɓri ndi alaa ko woni e mum) ina taaroo cirƴam fibrin boɗejam denndaaɗam e makrofaaji epitelioid. Granulomaaji cirƴam fibrin ina mbaawi yiyeede kadi e ñawu Hodgkin e mononukleose ɓuuɓɗo.

== Ƴeew kadi ==
Granuloma

== Tuugnorgal&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|last=Rosen, MD|first=Yale|title=Fibrin Ring Granulomas|url=http://granuloma.homestead.com/fibrin_ring.html|work=Atlas of Granulomatous Diseases|publisher=Yale Rosen, MD|access-date=2012-09-18}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;pmid11881318&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|vauthors=Tjwa M, De Hertogh G, Neuville B, Roskams T, Nevens F, Van Steenbergen W|title=Hepatic fibrin-ring granulomas in granulomatous hepatitis: report of four cases and review of the literature|journal=Acta Clin Belg|volume=56|issue=6|pages=341–8|year=2001|pmid=11881318|doi=10.1179/acb.2001.051}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;pmid8514044&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|vauthors=de Bayser L, Roblot P, Ramassamy A, Silvain C, Levillain P, Becq-Giraudon B|title=Hepatic fibrin-ring granulomas in giant cell arteritis|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_gastroenterology_1993-07_105_1/page/272|journal=Gastroenterology|volume=105|issue=1|pages=272–3|date=July 1993|pmid=8514044}}&lt;/ref&gt; ==</text>
      <sha1>7se72c5aybpyngokc5q9lx6tg58jprg</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Focal fatty liver</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>33081</id>
    <revision>
      <id>183494</id>
      <parentid>137063</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-20T14:07:40Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>6960</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260820sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]]</comment>
      <origin>183494</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1053" sha1="ghiwbzzxzz2ag6msct4z31yo2l9pl7t" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}'''Heeñere ɓuuɓnde''' (FFL) ko feere gonnde e nokku walla e nokkuuji gonɗi e mooftude lipid e nder heeñere. Ina gasa tawa ina jogii patogenesis ceertuɗo e steatohepatitis mo aldaa e alkol ko ɗum feere diffuse. FFL ina waawi arde e waylude doggol ƴiiƴam e nder heeñere, e ŋakkeende oksijen e nder ƴiiƴam e ŋakkeende ɓuuɓri lipoproteineeji. Sarɗi oo ina ɓeydoo anndeede nde tawnoo sensitiviteeji wiɗtooji ƴeewndo reedu ina njokki e ɓeydaade. Biopsie njuumri laaɓtundi ina heewi waɗeede ngam seerndude ɗum e ñawu bonngu.

== Tuugnorgal&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|last1=Halvorsen|first1=R. A.|last2=Korobkin|first2=M.|last3=Ram|first3=P. C.|last4=Thompson|first4=W. M.|title=CT appearance of focal fatty infiltration of the liver|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_ajr-american-journal-of-roentgenology_1982-08_139_2/page/277|journal=[[American Journal of Roentgenology]]|date=1982-08-01|volume=139|issue=2|pages=277–281|doi=10.2214/ajr.139.2.277|pmid=6979879|issn=0361-803X|oclc=225117471|s2cid=27380487|df=dmy-all}}&lt;/ref&gt; ==</text>
      <sha1>ghiwbzzxzz2ag6msct4z31yo2l9pl7t</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Agnes Fogo</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>33082</id>
    <revision>
      <id>183519</id>
      <parentid>137070</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-20T14:41:55Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>6960</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260820sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]]</comment>
      <origin>183519</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3848" sha1="gxthxjnhqbdgdj9km9i35s6nq7xflua" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}'''Agnes B. Fogo''' ko porfeseer ko faati e ñawuuji reedu to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Vanderbilt.

Nguurndam
Fogo heɓi seedantaagal makko to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Oslo, to leydi Norwees, e to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Tennessee, to Amerik. O timmini M.D makko to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Vanderbilt to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Vanderbilt hade makko yahde waɗde residency e fellowship e pathologie renal.

== Toɗɗagol ==
Fogo ina gollina to duɗal jaaɓi-haaɗtirde safaara Vanderbilt, ko kanko woni porfeseer John L. Shapiro to bannge patoloji, mikroo-biyoloji e immunologie, porfeseer to bannge safaara e sukaaɓe, kadi ko gardiiɗo laboratuwaar mikroskopi renal/elektron.

E hitaande 2021 kadi o wonti hooreejo Fedde Adunaare Nefroloji fotde duuɓi 2.

== Njeenaaje ==
2011 Robert G. Narins njeenaari ummoraade e Fedde Ameriknaare Nefroloji ngam &quot;baɗte maantinɗe e ƴellitgol e ardaade kursuuji e kaɓirɗe jaŋde&quot;.

2019 njeenaari Roscoe R. Robinson ummoraade e Fedde Adunaare Nefroloji

== Binndanɗe ==
Binndanɗe jaayndeeji cuɓaaɗi

Senngo glomerulonefritis e nder lupus eritematosus systémique ƴeewtaama, Kidney International, 65, 2, feebariyee 2004, p521-530, doi:10.1111/j.1523-1755.2004.00443.x

Banff 07 Senngo Patoloji Allograft Renal : Kesɗitingol e laabi garooji, Jaaynde Ameriknaare ko faati e mbayliigu, 8, 4 abriil 2008, p753-760, doi:10.1111/j.1600-6143.2008.02159.x

Anndugol histopatoloji reedu e 26 ko yiytaa caggal maayde ñawɓe COVID-19 to Siin, reedu hakkunde leyɗeele, 98, 1 lewru sulyee 2020, p219-227, doi:10.1016/j.kint.2020.04.003

Defte
Anees B. Fogo; Artuur H. Kohen; Robeer B. Kolwin; J. Sarles Jenete; Sarles E. Alpers (2014). Fuɗɗoode patoloji renal (Ed. ɗiɗaɓo). Nuw York. ISBN 978-3642-39079-1.

Anees B. Fogo; Mikayel Kashgariyan (2022). Atlas ƴeewndo pathogen renal (4e éd.). Filadelfi, PA. ISBN 978-0323-72163-9.

== Tuugnorgal&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.vumc.org/pmi-education/person/agnes-b-fogo-md|title=Agnes B. Fogo, M.D. &amp;#124; Pathology, Microbiology And Immunology Education|website=www.vumc.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.vumc.org/pmi/person/agnes-b-fogo-md|title=Agnes B. Fogo, M.D. &amp;#124; Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology|website=www.vumc.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://wag.app.vanderbilt.edu/PublicPage/Faculty/Details/28992|title=Vanderbilt University School of Medicine}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.theisn.org/blog/2021/04/26/welcome-to-the-2021-23-isn-president-and-leadership/|title=Welcome to the 2021-23 ISN President and Leadership|first=Reema|last=Parmar|date=April 26, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|last1=Myles|first1=Jonathan L.|title=Diagnostic Atlas of Renal Pathology|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_american-journal-of-surgical-pathology_2006-07_30_7/page/923|journal=American Journal of Surgical Pathology|date=July 2006|volume=30|issue=7|page=923|doi=10.1097/01.pas.0000208890.33785.89}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|last1=Jones|first1=Chris|title=Diagnostic Atlas of Renal Pathology|journal=Journal of Renal Nursing|date=July 2012|volume=4|issue=4|page=212|doi=10.12968/jorn.2012.4.4.212a}}&lt;/ref&gt; ==
&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.asn-online.org/about/awards/recipients.aspx?year=2011|title=American Society of Nephrology &amp;#124; Awards -|first=Hal|last=Nesbitt|website=www.asn-online.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|url=https://www.kidneynews.org/view/journals/kidney-news/3/10/11/article-p16_14.xml|title=ASN Presents Education Award to Agnes Fogo|date=October 1, 2011|journal=Kidney News|volume=3|issue=10/11|page=16|via=www.kidneynews.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;

* 2019 Roscoe R. Robinson award from the [[International Society of Nephrology]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.theisn.org/about-isn/awards/past-winners/#robinson-award|title=Roscoe R. Robinson award winners|website=www.theisn.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;</text>
      <sha1>gxthxjnhqbdgdj9km9i35s6nq7xflua</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Ghost cell</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>33085</id>
    <revision>
      <id>183416</id>
      <parentid>137086</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-20T12:05:35Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>6960</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260820sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]]</comment>
      <origin>183416</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2971" sha1="7r6jccv4raaab358xxy3i9qt0p73sfo" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}'''Piɓal ƴiiƴam''' ko piɓal epiteliyal eosinofiil mawngal, jogingal sitoplasma eosinofiil kono ngal alaa ƴiiƴam. Nde majjii ƴiiƴam e ko woni e mum ko sitoplasma, nde heddii tan ko ɓuuɓri ƴiiƴam, won heen kadi ko heddii e mbaydi ƴiiƴam. E nder patoloji, ƴiye ƴiiƴam ina keewi jokkondirde e won e sifaaji ɓuuɓri, ko wayi no pilomatricomas e ƴiye odontogenik kalsifikaasiyoŋ, ɗo ɗe peeñata ko ƴiye ɓaleeje, anukleat, ɗe mbaɗi degeneraasiyoŋ walla kalsifikaasiyoŋ.

Piɓaaji ƴiiƴam ina kollita nekrosis coagulative ɗo maayde piɓaaji ngoni kono jogaade arsitektuur piɓaaji. E nder taƴe histoloji, ƴiye jinneeji ko ɗe peeñɗe e ƴiye ɗowdi. Ko cellal maayngal. Yeru, e nder peewnugol ƴiiƴam periferik, ƴiiƴam ɗam ina limtee, ina feeña no ƴiiƴam ƴiiƴam nii.

== Ɗe tawetee ko e: ==
Kraniyofaringiyoma (poos Rathke)

== Odontooma ==

== Fibroma ameloblastik ==

== Kista odontojenik kalsiyoŋ (kista Gorlin) ==

== Pilometrikoma ==

== Tuugnorgal&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|doi=10.1097/PAS.0b013e31802d8a96|title=The Spectrum of Malignancy in Craniopharyngioma|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_american-journal-of-surgical-pathology_2007-07_31_7/page/1020|year=2007|last1=Rodriguez|first1=Fausto J.|last2=Scheithauer|first2=Bernd W.|last3=Tsunoda|first3=Shigeru|last4=Kovacs|first4=Kalman|last5=Vidal|first5=Sergio|last6=Piepgras|first6=David G.|journal=The American Journal of Surgical Pathology|volume=31|issue=7|pages=1020–8|pmid=17592268}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|doi=10.1111/j.1600-0714.1975.tb01737.x|title=Ghost cell epithelium in odontomas|year=1975|last1=Sedano|first1=Heddie O.|last2=Pindborg|first2=Jens J.|journal=Journal of Oral Pathology and Medicine|volume=4|pmid=807691|pages=27–30|issue=1}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|doi=10.1016/j.tripleo.2004.01.003|title=Hybrid odontogenic tumor of calcifying odontogenic cyst and ameloblastic fibroma|year=2004|last1=Yoon|first1=Jung Hoon|last2=Jun Kim|first2=Hyung|last3=In Yook|first3=Jong|last4=Cha|first4=In Ho|last5=Ellis|first5=Gary L|last6=Kim|first6=Jin|journal=Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology, Oral Radiology, and Endodontology|volume=98|pmid=15243475|pages=80–4|issue=1}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|pmid=20948103|year=1996|last1=Barbhuiya|first1=JN|last2=Datta|first2=PK|last3=Basak|first3=P|last4=Banerjee|first4=PP|title=Pilomatrixoma|volume=62|issue=5|pages=318–9|journal=Indian Journal of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprology|url=http://www.ijdvl.com/text.asp?1996/62/5/318/4440}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|doi=10.1016/j.tripleo.2004.01.003|title=Hybrid odontogenic tumor of calcifying odontogenic cyst and ameloblastic fibroma|year=2004|last1=Yoon|first1=Jung Hoon|last2=Jun Kim|first2=Hyung|last3=In Yook|first3=Jong|last4=Cha|first4=In Ho|last5=Ellis|first5=Gary L|last6=Kim|first6=Jin|journal=Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology, Oral Radiology, and Endodontology|volume=98|pmid=15243475|pages=80–4|issue=1}}&lt;/ref&gt; ==</text>
      <sha1>7r6jccv4raaab358xxy3i9qt0p73sfo</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Storiform pattern</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>33282</id>
    <revision>
      <id>183418</id>
      <parentid>137884</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-20T12:10:16Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>6960</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260820sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]]</comment>
      <origin>183418</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2336" sha1="9iu6dla5gykdn6kiyhy6k95cuiih54f" xml:space="preserve">  '''mbaydi woɗɗundi''' walla mbaydi daartol ko mbaydi mahdi histopatoloji.  Innde &quot;storiform&quot; ndee ummorii ko e ɗemngal latin storea 'woven', sibu ƴiye storiform ina keewi nanndude e mbaydi woven e dow mikroskoop.

Fibrose storiform ko maande histoloji ñawu nguu jokkondirngu e IgG4, ina wondi e ɓuuɓri limfoplasmosit denndaangal, heewi wonde ko ɓuuɓri eosinofilik feccere e flebitis obliteratif..&lt;ref name=&quot;stone&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|last1=Stone|first1=John H.|last2=Zen|first2=Yoh|last3=Deshpande|first3=Vikram|title=IgG4-Related Disease|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_new-england-journal-of-medicine_2012-02-09_366_6/page/539|journal=The New England Journal of Medicine|volume=366|pages=539-551|year=2012|doi=10.1056/NEJMra1104650}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|last1=Deshpande|first1=Vikram|last2=Zen|first2=Yoh|last3=Chan|first3=John K.C.|last4=Yi|first4=Eunhee E.|last5=Sato|first5=Yasuharu|last6=Yoshino|first6=Tadashi|last7=Klöppel|first7=Günter|last8=Heathcote|first8=J. Godfrey|last9=Khosroshahi|first9=Arezou|last10=Ferry|first10=Judith A.|last11=Aalberse|first11=Rob C.|last12=Bloch|first12=Donald B.|last13=Brugge|first13=William R.|last14=Bateman|first14=Adrian C.|last15=Carruthers|first15=Mollie N.|last16=Chari|first16=Suresh T.|last17=Cheuk|first17=Wah|last18=Cornell|first18=Lynn D.|last19=Castillo|first19=Carlos Fernandez-Del|last20=Forcione|first20=David G.|last21=Hamilos|first21=Daniel L.|last22=Kamisawa|first22=Terumi|last23=Kasashima|first23=Satomi|last24=Kawa|first24=Shigeyuki|last25=Kawano|first25=Mitsuhiro|last26=Lauwers|first26=Gregory Y.|last27=Masaki|first27=Yasufumi|last28=Nakanuma|first28=Yasuni|last29=Notohara|first29=Kenji|last30=Okazaki|first30=Kazuichi|last31=Ryu|first31=Ji Kon|last32=Saeki|first32=Takako|last33=Sahani|first33=Dushyant V.|last34=Smyrk|first34=Thomas C.|last35=Stone|first35=James R.|last36=Takahira|first36=Masayuki|last37=Webster|first37=George J.|last38=Yanamoto|first38=Motohisa|last39=Zamboni|first39=Giuseppe|last40=Umehara|first40=Hisanori|last41=Stone|first41=John H.|title=Consensus statement on the pathology of IgG4-related disease|journal=Modern Pathology|volume=25|pages=1181-1192|date=2012|doi=10.1038/modpathol.2012.72|doi-access=free|display-authors=3}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ƴeew kadi ==
Histopatoloji, ngam ɓeydude paandaale

== Tuugnorgal ==
&lt;references /&gt;</text>
      <sha1>9iu6dla5gykdn6kiyhy6k95cuiih54f</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Shock of birth</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>33435</id>
    <revision>
      <id>183471</id>
      <parentid>138488</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-20T13:25:02Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>6960</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260820sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]]</comment>
      <origin>183471</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="998" sha1="irwbqckfq2ecu720f24g63809l8cuex" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}'''Sokkere jibinannde''' ko ɓuuɓri juutndi e ɓuuɓri ɓalndu e ɓuuɓri luggiɗndi, ndi waɗata e jibinannde keso caggal jibinannde. E nder 70% e jibnaaɓe keso ɓee, ina duumoo waktuuji 24, e nder 84,3% ina duumoo waktuuji 48. Heɓde maggal mettinaani e so tawii jibinannde ndee waɗi ko e jibinannde reedu walla e jibinannde seernaaɓe.Helmere ndee fuɗɗii ko e hitaande 1960.

== Tuugnorgal&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|pmid=9109977|volume=54|issue=3|title=Shock of birth. Evaluation of neurologic status of term newborn in the first 48 hours of life|date=September 1996|author=Riesgo Rdos S, Rotta AT, Rotta AT|journal=Arq Neuropsiquiatr|pages=361–8}}&lt;/ref&gt;.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|author=Escardó F, Coriat LF|year=1960|title=Development of postural and tonic patterns in the newborn infant|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_pediatric-clinics-of-north-america_pediatric-clinics-of-north-america_1960-08_7_3/page/511|journal=Pediatr Clin North Am|volume=7|issue=3|pages=511–25}}&lt;/ref&gt; ==</text>
      <sha1>irwbqckfq2ecu720f24g63809l8cuex</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Urethrectomy</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>33618</id>
    <revision>
      <id>183511</id>
      <parentid>139373</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-20T14:32:34Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>6960</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260820sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]]</comment>
      <origin>183511</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="891" sha1="9yjzq8rnsj836a9v1wv2r2vqvj36288" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}'''Urethrectomy''' ko feere seppo ngam ittude ƴiiƴam gorko fof walla feccere e mum, ko ɗum woni tuuba jokkondirɗo e ƴiiƴam e ƴiiƴam ngam ittude ndiyam e nder ɓanndu.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.baus.org.uk/_userfiles/pages/files/Patients/Leaflets/Urethrectomy.pdf|title=Urethrectomy (removal of the male urethra)|publisher=British Association of Urological Surgeons|date=September 2017|access-date=25 December 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|last1=Van Poppel|first1=Hein|last2=Joniau|first2=Steven|last3=Groen|first3=Luitzen-Albert|title=Prepubic urethrectomy|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_bju-international_2009-01_103_1/page/118|journal=BJU International|date=January 2009|volume=103|issue=1|pages=118–132|doi=10.1111/j.1464-410X.2008.08201.x|pmid=19076974}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ƴeew kadi ==

* Uretrotomi
* Doggol seppooji e sifaaji

== Tuugnorgal ==
&lt;references /&gt;</text>
      <sha1>9yjzq8rnsj836a9v1wv2r2vqvj36288</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Umbilicoplasty</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>33625</id>
    <revision>
      <id>183461</id>
      <parentid>139404</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-20T13:11:16Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>6960</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260820sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]]</comment>
      <origin>183461</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1964" sha1="qa9qzj4duqg2ce1q6x0ugasspd3eytf" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}
[[File:Ombelico Femminile.jpg|thumb|Umbilicoplasty]]
'''Umbilicoplasty''', sahaa e sahaa fof ina wiyee « opereeji reedu », ko opereeji ɓuuɓɗi ngam waylude mbaadi reedu neɗɗo (walla « reedu »). Ina waawi waɗeede e nder tummy tuck walla e nder golle ƴettugol ɓanndu les, walla ina waawi waɗeede tan.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|title=&quot;Scarless&quot; umbilicoplasty: a new umbilicoplasty technique and a review of the English language literature.|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_annals-of-plastic-surgery_2009-07_63_1/page/15|pmid=19546666|doi=10.1097/SAP.0b013e3181877b60|volume=63|date=Jul 2009|journal=Ann Plast Surg|pages=15–20}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Sabaabuuji ==
Kanndidaaji ɗii ina keewi suɓaade seppo ngoo sabu ɓe njiɗaa no ƴiiƴam maɓɓe wayi. Ina waawi tawa ina njogii ɓuuɓri ɓuuɓndi walla ɓuuɓndi, ndi ɓe mbaawi yiɗde waylude. Nafoore maɓɓe ina waawi wonde no waynoo gila e jibinannde, walla ina waawi waylude sabu seppo ngo alaa ko jokkondiri e mum, ko wayi no seppo seertungo.[citation needed]

Sabaabu goɗɗo mo ɓuri heewde ko sabu ŋakkeende teddeendi walla reedu, baawɗo waylude mbaadi reedu. Won heen ina mbaawi heɓde ɓeydagol teddeendi, ŋakkere teddeendi, walla reedu, addannde waylooji e mbaadi ɓuuɓri. Cafrooɓe kosmetik ina njaakorii wonde rewɓe yahrooɓe e duuɓi 35 haa 45 suɓiiɓe waɗde tummy-tucks e liposuctions ɗoon e ɗoon caggal jibinannde ina mbaɗa fotde 25% e golle mum en.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|last=Radha Sharma|title=Tummy tuck in labour room is the new fad|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ahmedabad/Tummy-tuck-in-labour-room-is-the-new-fad/articleshow/3256988.cms|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140203000652/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2008-07-21/ahmedabad/27899971_1_caesarean-tummy-plastic-surgeon|url-status=live|archive-date=February 3, 2014|access-date=21 March 2012|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|date=Jul 21, 2008}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tuugnorgal ==
&lt;references /&gt;</text>
      <sha1>qa9qzj4duqg2ce1q6x0ugasspd3eytf</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Turbinate reduction</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>33627</id>
    <revision>
      <id>183457</id>
      <parentid>139413</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-20T13:08:17Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>6960</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260820sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]]</comment>
      <origin>183457</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3129" sha1="c0rgd16urb1089wbadv9emalhmsunlk" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}
[[File:ENS-IT-common-wikipedia.jpg|thumb]]
'''Ustugol turbinaaji''' ko feere seppo, ittude ƴiye, sahaa e sahaa fof ƴiye, turbinaaji e nder ɓuuɓri nofru, haa teeŋti noon e ɓuuɓri nofru les. Laawol ngol heewi waɗeede ko ngam ustude ɓuuɓri nofru. Ko ɓuri heewde, hipertrofi turbinat ina wondi e won e mbaydiiji septum, ko ɗum waɗi seppo ngoo waɗata ko e septoplasti.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|author=Ye T, Zhou B|date=Feb 2015|title=Update on surgical management of adult inferior turbinate hypertrophy|url=|journal=Curr Opin Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg|volume=23|issue=1|pages=29–33|pmid=25565284|doi=10.1097/MOO.0000000000000130}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;tplasty1988&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Mabry|first=Richard L.|date=Jan 1988|title=Inferior Turbinoplasty: Patient Selection, Technique, and Long-Term Consequences|journal=Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery|language=en|volume=98|issue=1|pages=60–66|doi=10.1177/019459988809800111|pmid=3124053|s2cid=20931950|issn=0194-5998}}&lt;/ref&gt;

===Kollitooje===
[[File:Empty-nose-after-80per-cent-partial-bilateral-turbinectomy.jpeg|thumb|Turbinate reduction]]
Ustugol turbinaaji ina heewi waɗeede so tawii njuɓɓudi safaara ina waawi safrude hipertrofi turbinaaji, ɗo turbinaaji ɗii ɓuuɓnata, ina mawna. Ko ɓuri heewde e sabaabuuji ooɗoo ñawu ko alerji, ɓuuɓri e nder weeyo, walla septum mo ŋakkaani.[medical citation needed]

===Laahal===
Laabi aadaaji

Won karallaagal keewngal kuutorteengal ngam ustude turbinaaji, ina jeyaa heen turbinektomi (feccere, timmunde), elektorokauteri, kriyoterapi (kriyoturbinektomi), ɓuuɓnugol laser, e laabi turbinoplasti ceertuɗi. Ɗee ina ɗaɓɓi anestetik kuuɓtodinɗo.
Ablaasiyoŋ rajo-frekans
Huutoraade ablation radiofréquence hollitii wonde ko feere ɓurnde sellude, nde waɗata ko no feere safrirde nii, huutoraade lidocaine ngam anestesi nokkuyankeewo. Nde waylataa sifaa walla golle epiteel. Alaa ko addanta neɗɗo mette caggal nde neɗɗo selli, ƴiiƴam, walla ɓuuɓri, hay so tawii noon ina waawi addude won e ɓuuɓri nofru walla ɓuuɓri ƴiiƴam sabu ɓuuɓri gonndi e mum.&lt;ref name=&quot;tplasty19882&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;compare4&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last1=Elwany|first1=Samy|last2=Harrison|first2=Robert|date=Jan 1990|title=Inferior turbinectomy: Comparison of four techniques|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-laryngology-and-otology_1990-03_104_3/page/206|journal=The Journal of Laryngology &amp; Otology|language=en|volume=104|issue=3|pages=206–209|doi=10.1017/S0022215100112290|pmid=2187941|s2cid=30518285|issn=0022-2151}}&lt;/ref&gt;

===Caɗeele===
Ƴeew kadi: Sindrom nofru meho
Sindoron nofru meho, woni sifaa gooto e mborosaaji atrofik, ko ñawu nguu ina waawi feeñde e batte seppooji turbinaaji walla seppooji goɗɗi baɗɗi batte e turbinaaji. Ko ngonka ka heewaani yiyeede, ɗo yimɓe ɓe ƴiiƴam mum en laaɓti caggal nde ɓe ngoppitaa turbinaaji, ina keɓa maale keewɗe, ina jeyaa heen : ɓuuɓri ƴiiƴam, ɓuuɓri ƴiiƴam, e ɓuuɓri ɓuuɓri, kam e ɓuuɓri ɓuuɓri, e ko nanndi heen.

===Ƴeew kadi===
*Konka nofru
*Ko ɓuuɓri nofru
*Somnoplasti
*Septoplasti
===Tuugnorgal===
&lt;references /&gt;</text>
      <sha1>c0rgd16urb1089wbadv9emalhmsunlk</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Topical tac</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>33633</id>
    <revision>
      <id>183502</id>
      <parentid>139430</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-20T14:21:10Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>6960</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260820sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]]</comment>
      <origin>183502</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2202" sha1="boknv28ucywx0coran4mwn1mfcfid43" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}'''Tac topikal''' ko ɓuuɓri anestetik topikal ndi Pryor et al. e hitaande 1980. Ko jillondiral 5 haa 12% tetrakayin, 0,05% adrenalin, e 4 walla 10% hidrokloriid kokayin (ko ɗum waɗi innde &quot;TAC&quot;).&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|title=Topical TAC (tetracaine, adrenaline, cocaine) solution for local anesthesia in children: prescribing inconsistency and acute toxicity|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_southern-medical-journal_1989-11_82_11/page/1344|first1=G. A.|last1=Tipton|first2=G. W.|last2=DeWitt|first3=S. J.|last3=Eisenstein|date=1 November 1989|journal=Southern Medical Journal|volume=82|issue=11|pages=1344–1346|pmid=2814620|doi=10.1097/00007611-198911000-00004}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ina huutoree e seppooji noppi, hinere, e daande e nder departemaa emergency ɗo ɓuuɓnude dow ina haani e yaawre. Huutoraade e nder fedde ñawɓe sukaaɓe ina winndaa, haa arti noon e nde sukaaɓe ɓee ngañii e gite, e nofru, walla e nokkuuji goɗɗi teskinɗi.

Sabu kulhuli mbayliigu dorog jowitiiɗi e kuutoragol kokayin e nder safaara, yantude e kulhuli jowitiiɗi e tooke e ngalu, kokayin lomtinaama e lidokayin, anestetik keso sosaa - lidokayin, epinefriin, e tetrakayin (LET).&lt;ref&gt;Appleton's Nursing Manual - &quot;Cocaine&quot;&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last1=Anderson|first1=A. B.|last2=Colecchi|first2=C.|last3=Baronoski|first3=R.|last4=DeWitt|first4=T. G.|date=May 1990|title=Local anesthesia in pediatric patients: topical TAC versus lidocaine|journal=Annals of Emergency Medicine|volume=19|issue=5|pages=519–522|doi=10.1016/s0196-0644(05)82182-1|issn=0196-0644|pmid=2184706|s2cid=72722229}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last1=Königs|first1=Ingo|last2=Wenskus|first2=Julia|last3=Boettcher|first3=Johannes|last4=Reinshagen|first4=Konrad|last5=Boettcher|first5=Michael|date=December 2020|title=Lidocaine-Epinephrine-Tetracaine Gel Is More Efficient than Eutectic Mixture of Local Anesthetics and Mepivacaine Injection for Pain Control during Skin Repair in Children: A Prospective, Propensity Score Matched Two-Center Study|journal=European Journal of Pediatric Surgery|volume=30|issue=6|pages=512–516|doi=10.1055/s-0039-3400283|issn=1439-359X|pmid=31739347|s2cid=208170240}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tuugnorgal ==
&lt;references /&gt;</text>
      <sha1>boknv28ucywx0coran4mwn1mfcfid43</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Strictureplasty</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>33643</id>
    <revision>
      <id>183492</id>
      <parentid>139456</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-20T14:05:32Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>6960</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Add 2 books for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260820sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]]</comment>
      <origin>183492</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3671" sha1="3hc2lvz99hs6mfp1tcecm33oxe7g91y" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}'''Strictureplasty''' (ina wiyee kadi Stricturoplasty) ko feere seerndiinde ngam ustude ɓuuɓri ɓalndu sabu ɓuuɓri ƴiiƴam mahndi e nder ɓalndu ummoraade e ngonkaaji ɓalndu ɓuuɓɗi ko wayi no ñawu Crohn. Ɓowɗi ɗii ina moofta sabu bonnugol e sellinde keewngol, tawa ɓuuɓri ndii ina addana ɗum ɓuuɓde (ɓuuɓri ɓuuɓri ɓalndu).&lt;ref name=&quot;pmid7092090&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|vauthors=Lee EC, Papaioannou N|title=Minimal surgery for chronic obstruction in patients with extensive or universal Crohn's disease|journal=Ann R Coll Surg Engl|volume=64|issue=4|pages=229–33|date=July 1982|pmid=7092090|pmc=2494172}}&lt;/ref&gt; Naatgol ngol ina waawi dooleede ko woni e ɓalndu nduu e nder ɓuuɓri e ɓuuɓri e nokku hee, addana ɗum ɓeydaade bonnude e naatde. Opereeji ɗii ina ngartira ƴiiƴam ɗam e nder ɓalndu tawa alaa ko haani ittude heen geɗe ɓalndu (ɗum woni tawa alaa ko ustata ɓalndu nduu).&lt;ref name=&quot;pmid9523517&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|vauthors=Hurst RD, Michelassi F|title=Strictureplasty for Crohn's disease: techniques and long-term results|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_world-journal-of-surgery_1998-04_22_4/page/359|journal=World J Surg|volume=22|issue=4|pages=359–63|date=April 1998|pmid=9523517|doi=10.1007/s002689900397|s2cid=31003228}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ko Emanoel Lee waɗi strictureplastie gadano ngam ñawu Crohn e hitaande 1976, o habri ɗum e hitaande 1982. E nder duuɓi capanɗe ɗiɗi garooji ɗii, binndanɗe keewɗe kollitii wonde strictureplasties ina moƴƴi, ina moƴƴi.&lt;ref name=&quot;pmid8603560&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|vauthors=Michelassi F|title=Side-to-side isoperistaltic strictureplasty for multiple Crohn's strictures|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_diseases-of-the-colon-rectum_1996-03_39_3/page/n118|journal=Dis. Colon Rectum|volume=39|issue=3|pages=345–9|date=March 1996|pmid=8603560|doi=10.1007/bf02049480|s2cid=42067049}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Strictureplasties ina peccii e pelle tati : Laabi gaadoraaɗi, hakkundeeji, e caɗtuɗi. Ko ɓuuɓri Heineke-Mikulicz ɓuri heewde e ɓuuɓri gonndi e ɓuuɓri. Ɓuri moƴƴude ko e strictures juutɗe (hade santimeeteeruuji 7), H-M Strictureplasty ina waɗee e waɗde taƴre njuuteendi bannge gooto e ɓalndu, ɓuuɓna jokkere enɗam ɗiɗi ɗee, caggal ɗuum sutura ɓalndu nduu toon e njaajeendi (natal), ko noon, jogaade batte yaajnude ɓalndu nduu e segment.

Ko strikturplasti Finney woni strikturplasti hakkundeejo ɓurɗo heewde huutoreede. Kollitgol strictures haa 15 santimeeteer, Finney Strictureplasty ina waɗee e follirde ɓalndu ñawndu nduu e hoore mum, e waɗde uddital mawngal hakkunde loope ɗiɗi ɗee.

Ngam strictures keewɗe walla strictures ɓurɗe juutde, strictureplasties gaadoraaɗe ɗee walla hakkundeeje ɗee moƴƴaani. E nder ɗeeɗoo geɗe, seernaaɓe ina poti huutoraade laabi caɗtuɗi. Ko ɓuri heewde e mbaydiiji ɓuuɓɗi ko mbaydiiji ɓuuɓɗi Michelassi. E nder ndeeɗoo strictureplasty, loocol juutngol ɓalndu ndu Crohn toɗɗii ngol, ko adii fof ko feccaade e hakkunde mum. Ndeen feccere ɗiɗi ɗee ina njuutee bannge e bannge. Udditgol juutngol no feewi ina sosee hakkunde loope ɗiɗi ɗee, ɗe njuɓɓinee (Natal 1), (Natal 2), (Natal 3), (Natal 4).

Strikturplasti keewɗo ina waawi waɗeede e ñawɗo gooto. Denndaangal karallaagal strictureplasty ina hisna ñawɗo oo e ɓuuɓri ɓalndu, ko huunde himmunde e nder ngonka ɓalndu ɓuuɓka walla e ñawɓe ɓe ɓalndu juutndu. Yanti heen, humpitooji cakkitiiɗi ina kollita wonde strictureplasty ina jogii batte ndeenka e rewrude e ñawu nguu. Sabu mbayliigu ɓalndu, strictureplasty ina addana peristalsis taƴondiral seeɗa, ina yiyee e won e ƴeewndorɗe natal.

== Tuugnorgal ==
&lt;references /&gt;</text>
      <sha1>3hc2lvz99hs6mfp1tcecm33oxe7g91y</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Senn retractor</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>33654</id>
    <revision>
      <id>183423</id>
      <parentid>139483</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-20T12:16:19Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>6960</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260820sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]]</comment>
      <origin>183423</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="920" sha1="s852ih6ll7q95eufm6dhvchz879651u" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}'''Retractors Senn''' ko retractors gonɗi e mbaydiiji ɗiɗi kuutorteeɗi e nder golle seppooji. Gooto e maɓɓe ina heewi wonde L, goɗɗo oo ina waɗi ƴiye tati ɓutte. Koppi pronged ina ngarda e tippudi tiiɗndi e dull. Ɗe kuutortee ko e seppooji juuɗe e koyɗe. Ko Doktoor Nicholas Senn, gardiiɗo seppooji to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde safaara Rush, adii siftinde e nder binndanɗe, fawaade e mbaydi retractor Senn.&lt;ref name=&quot;pmid17826545&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|author=Clifton G. Meals, BA, Roy A. Meals, MD|title=A History of Surgery in the Instrument Tray: Eponymous Tools Used in Hand Surgery|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-hand-surgery_2007-09_32a_7/page/942|journal=Journal of Hand Surgery|volume=32|issue=7|pages=942–953|year=2007|pmid=17826545|doi=10.1016/j.jhsa.2007.05.007}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ƴeew kadi ==

* Kuutorɗe kuutorteeɗe e seppooji kuuɓtodinɗi

== Tuugnorgal ==
&lt;references /&gt;</text>
      <sha1>s852ih6ll7q95eufm6dhvchz879651u</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Retrograde perfusion</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>33687</id>
    <revision>
      <id>183481</id>
      <parentid>139601</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-20T13:39:16Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>6960</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260820sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]]</comment>
      <origin>183481</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1290" sha1="4g4f0k3ioztgpna5ugtpquoyter4xvj" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}

'''Perfusion retrograde''' (retroperfusion) ko feere artificielle ngam rokkude ƴiiƴam e nder tergal, tawa ina rokka ƴiiƴam oksijen e nder ƴiiƴam. Ina waawi waɗeede e nder seppo ngo taƴata ƴiiƴam no haanirta nii e nder oon tergal.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|vauthors=Levy WJ, Levin SK, Bavaria JE|title=Cerebral oxygenation during retrograde perfusion|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_annals-of-thoracic-surgery_1995-07_60_1/page/184|journal=Ann. Thorac. Surg.|volume=60|issue=1|pages=184–6|date=July 1995|pmid=7598586|doi=10.1016/s0003-4975(94)01000-5|doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Yeru, so neɗɗo waɗii opereeji taƴooji ƴiye ngaandi, hoɗorde waɗnde e nder ƴiye femoral e vena cava toownde ina waawi nawde ƴiiƴam dow ƴiye jugular ndernderiije ngam rokkude ngaandi.&lt;ref&gt;Bell, R., Mocanu, M. &amp; Yellon, D. Retrograde heart perfusion: The Langendorff technique of isolated heart perfusion. Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology 50, 940-950 (2011).&lt;/ref&gt;

Ko Oscar Langendorff fuɗɗii ngalɗoo karallaagal, o huutorii ɓerɗe mamalliyankooje (ex vivo) ngam huutoraade ɗum en e wiɗtooji. Nii woni, ina heewi wiyeede ko ɓuuɓri Langendorff.

== Ƴeew kadi ==

* Ɓernde Langendorf
* Perfusion
* Teknik perfusion terɗe ceertuɗe

== Tuugnorgal ==
&lt;references /&gt;</text>
      <sha1>4g4f0k3ioztgpna5ugtpquoyter4xvj</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Fetal thrombotic vasculopathy</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>33704</id>
    <revision>
      <id>183462</id>
      <parentid>139673</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-20T13:12:07Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>6960</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260820sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]]</comment>
      <origin>183462</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1004" sha1="oqxjtxtb8i3aziii80mt2niv5qdyuuz" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}'''Vaskulopati trombotik ɓiɗɗo''' ko ñawu nguu ina yaaji, ina sikkaa ko trombose e nder ɓiɗɗo ina addana ɗum ɓuuɓde ƴiiƴam e hipoperfusion.&lt;ref name=&quot;pmid10414494&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last1=Kraus|first1=FT.|last2=Acheen|first2=VI.|title=Fetal thrombotic vasculopathy in the placenta: cerebral thrombi and infarcts, coagulopathies, and cerebral palsy.|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_human-pathology_1999-07_30_7/page/n42|journal=Hum Pathol|volume=30|issue=7|pages=759–69|date=Jul 1999|doi=10.1016/s0046-8177(99)90136-3|pmid=10414494}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ina jokkondiri e mboros cerebral e jibinannde maaynde.

Vuri heewde e rewɓe wonduɓe e jabet.

== Ñawu nguu ==
Ina waawi anndeede e ƴeewndo histomorfolooji e nder reedu, ina sikkaa ko trombose ƴiiƴam ɓiɗɗo e villi chorionic fibrotic clustered ɗi ngalaa ƴiiƴam.

Lowre mag.

Lowre mag.

Toowɗo mag.

Toowɗo mag.

Toowɗo no feewi mag.

Toowɗo no feewi mag.

== Ƴeew kadi ==
Vaskulopati decidual hipertrofik

== Tuugnorgal ==</text>
      <sha1>oqxjtxtb8i3aziii80mt2niv5qdyuuz</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Growth attenuation</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>33708</id>
    <revision>
      <id>183459</id>
      <parentid>139688</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-20T13:09:30Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>6960</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260820sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]]</comment>
      <origin>183459</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2007" sha1="1lba8xx04exz180bsjgkmzoa3l3tjx8" xml:space="preserve">'''Ɓooygol mawnugol''' ko safaara cuɓaaɗo, tawa ina waɗi estiroyin ngam saabaade uddugol epifiiseeji ƴiye (plaques épiphyseales), ɗum noon ina addana neɗɗo ustaade tolno mawɗo. Gila e kitaale 1960 ndeeɗoo safaara waɗaama ko adii fof e sukaaɓe mawɓe haa yettoo tolno mawɓe ɓe jibnaaɓe mum en e safrooɓe mum en cikkata ko ɓuri heewde e ko jaɓaaka. Nanondiral pinal ko sikkaa ko toowgol ɓurtungol gooŋɗinngol safaara ina seerti e nder Orop e Amerik worgo, ina ɓeydoo e nder duuɓi capanɗe 4 jawtuɗi ɗii.&lt;ref&gt;Joyce M. Lee and Joel D. Howell.[http://archpedi.ama-assn.org/cgi/content/abstract/160/10/1035 Tall Girls: The Social Shaping of a Medical Therapy] ''Archives of Pediatrics &amp; Adolescent Medicine'', Vol. 160 No. 10, October 2006.&lt;/ref&gt;

Ko ɓuri heewde e sukaaɓe safrooɓe ɓee ko sukaaɓe rewɓe, tawi ko Orop ɓuri heewde safrooɓe e Amerik worgo. Toowgol ngol jibnaaɓe e safrooɓe cikkata jaɓataa, ɓeydiima no feewi e nder duuɓi capanɗe cakkitiiɗi ɗii. Sukaaɓe seeɗa tan meeɗii safreede ngam toowde e nder Amerik worgo, kono ɗum kadi ɓuri heewde waɗeede ko e Orop.[citation needed] Safaara ustude mawnugol ina addana won e luural e kabaruuji Safaara Ashley baɗaaɗo e suka debbo mo alaa ko woni e mum so wonaa ƴellitaare. Ɗuum ina ñiŋaa sabu ko ɗum yeddude hakkeeji aadee yimɓe waasɓe.[additional citation(s) needed].ref name=&quot;Wilfond Miller Korfiatis Diekema pp. 27–40&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|last1=Wilfond|first1=Benjamin S.|last2=Miller|first2=Paul Steven|last3=Korfiatis|first3=Carolyn|last4=Diekema|first4=Douglas S.|last5=Dudzinski|first5=Denise M.|last6=Goering|first6=Sara|title=Navigating Growth Attenuation in Children with Profound Disabilities|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_hastings-center-report_november-december-2010_40_6/page/n27|journal=Hastings Center Report|publisher=Wiley|volume=40|issue=6|date=2010-11-12|issn=0093-0334|doi=10.1002/j.1552-146x.2010.tb00075.x|pages=27–40|pmid=21155109}}&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;

== Tuugnorgal ==</text>
      <sha1>1lba8xx04exz180bsjgkmzoa3l3tjx8</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Indian childhood cirrhosis</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>33713</id>
    <revision>
      <id>183426</id>
      <parentid>139708</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-20T12:19:34Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>6960</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260820sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]]</comment>
      <origin>183426</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2646" sha1="rtx9slu2jr6ne7ptj2ojp7duhddmvg3" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}
'''Cirrhose cukaagu indien''' ko ñawu heege gonngu e cukaagu, ngu nganndu-ɗaa ko cirrhose heege jokkondirɗo e ɓuuɓri njamndi e nder heege. Ko adii fof ina heɓtoo sukaaɓe yahrooɓe e duuɓi 1–3, ina jogii kadi mbaydi renndo. Nde wonnoo ko e maayde mawnde no feewi e ko yawti, kono nde wonti ko nde waawi hazeede,[citation needed] safreede &quot;e D-penisilamin e nder safrude 85 ñawve cirrhose cukaagu indiyankeewo, e wiyde jaaynde wiyeteende Indian Journal of Pediatrics.&quot;Lekki kii ina usta no feewi (P0)parum e co.0 e sahaa gooto won ɓeydagol e fannuuji safaara e maale ñawu nguu, ina nanndi e safaara kortikosteroid gaadoraaɗo oo.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;Sriramachari08&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|last1=Sriramachari|first1=S|last2=Nayak|first2=NC|title=Indian childhood cirrhosis: several dilemmas resolved.|journal=The Indian Journal of Medical Research|date=August 2008|volume=128|issue=2|pages=93–6|pmid=19001668}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ina heddii e feccere e ƴeewndo ceertungo ñawu Wilson.&lt;ref name=&quot;pmid8615370&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|last1=Pandit|first1=A|last2=Bhave|first2=S|title=Present interpretation of the role of copper in Indian childhood cirrhosis.|journal=The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition|date=May 1996|volume=63|issue=5|pages=830S–5S|pmid=8615370|doi=10.1093/ajcn/63.5.830|doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|last1=Nayak|first1=NC|last2=Chitale|first2=AR|title=Indian childhood cirrhosis (ICC) &amp; ICC-like diseases: the changing scenario of facts versus notions.|journal=The Indian Journal of Medical Research|date=June 2013|volume=137|issue=6|pages=1029–42|pmid=23852284|pmc=3734708}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ƴeew kadi ==
Cirrhose cukaagu indiyanke Amerik worgo.

== Tuugnorgal&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|last1=Nayak|first1=NC|last2=Visalakshi|first2=S|last3=Singh|first3=M|last4=Chawla|first4=V|last5=Chandra|first5=RK|last6=Ramalingaswami|first6=V|title=Indian childhood cirrhosis--a re-evaluation of its pathomorphologic features and their significance in the light of clinical data and natural history of the disease.|journal=The Indian Journal of Medical Research|date=February 1972|volume=60|issue=2|pages=246–59|pmid=5064312}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;tomar1983&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last1=Tomar|first1=B. S.|last2=Saxena|first2=S.|last3=Prakash|first3=P.|last4=Tomar|first4=S.|last5=Verma|first5=C.|date=1983|title=D-penicillamine in the treatment of Indian childhood cirrhosis--a preliminary report|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_indian-journal-of-pediatrics_november-december-1983_50_407/page/613|journal=Indian Journal of Pediatrics|volume=50|issue=407|pages=613–618|doi=10.1007/BF02957727|issn=0019-5456|pmid=6680110|s2cid=26817281}}&lt;/ref&gt; ==</text>
      <sha1>rtx9slu2jr6ne7ptj2ojp7duhddmvg3</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Xenon-enhanced CT scanning</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>33725</id>
    <revision>
      <id>183432</id>
      <parentid>139759</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-20T12:27:22Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>6960</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260820sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]]</comment>
      <origin>183432</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1125" sha1="rfj2sowq0ao76qwlcjsqynm8nz6iuqq" xml:space="preserve">'''CT scanning ɓeydaaɗo e xenon''' ko feere tomogaraafi (CT) kuutorteeɗo ngam ƴeewde neuroimaging ɗo neɗɗo oo foofata gaas xenon tawa nate CT ina mbaɗee. .&lt;ref name=&quot;Zink01&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|author=Zink BJ|title=Traumatic brain injury outcome: Concepts for emergency care|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_annals-of-emergency-medicine_2001-03_37_3/page/318|journal=Ann Emerg Med|volume=37|issue=3|pages=318–32|date=March 2001|pmid=11223769|doi=10.1067/mem.2001.113505}}&lt;/ref&gt;Laawol ngol ina waawi huutoreede ngam ƴeewde waylooji ƴiiƴam ɓalndu e nder dumunna juutɗo caggal nde mboros oo yani e ɓalndu, walla ngam yiytude walla hollirde nokku ɗo mboros oo woni ɗoo..&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|last=Mallatt|first=Elaine N. Marieb, Patricia Brady Wilhelm, Jon|title=Human anatomy|publisher=Pearson|location=Boston|isbn=978-0321822413|page=Topics of Anatomy|edition=Seventh}}&lt;/ref&gt; Xenon ina gollina no feewi e mbaydi mbaylaandi (contraste) kadi saturaasiyoŋ ƴiiƴam ngaandi ina yahdi e ƴiiƴam.  Ɗuum ina addana en hiisaade ƴiiƴam e kala nokku ngaandi tuugnaade e njeñtudi natal.

== Tuugnorgal ==
&lt;references /&gt;</text>
      <sha1>rfj2sowq0ao76qwlcjsqynm8nz6iuqq</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Webster's test</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>33731</id>
    <revision>
      <id>183437</id>
      <parentid>139780</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-20T12:37:35Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>6960</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Add 2 books for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260820sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]]</comment>
      <origin>183437</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="958" sha1="tw5ys5vj3i0vez12kxstwu4g82swxwq" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}'''Test Webster''' ko test ƴiiƴam kuutorteeɗo ngam anndude woodgol trinitrotoluene e mbaydiiji mum..&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/ToxProfiles/tp81-c2.pdf|access-date=2023-11-01|title=HEALTH EFFECTS}}&lt;/ref&gt;  Fooyre ndee feewnaa ko e hitaande 1917, ko T. A. Webster&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|title=Webster's Test for T.N.T. Derivatives in Urine|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_british-medical-journal_1919-05-24_1_3047/page/658|pmc=2341277|page=658|volume=1|issue=3047|journal=British Medical Journal|doi=10.1136/bmj.1.3047.658-a|year=1919|last1=Moore|first1=B}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|title=TRINITROTOLUENE POISONING|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_british-medical-journal_1916-12-16_2_2920/page/842|page=842|journal=British Medical Journal|date=16 December 1916}}&lt;/ref&gt; to Londres ngam ƴeewde tooke trinitrotoluene.  Test moƴƴo ina hollita mbaydi mboɗeeri wonande sampleeji ƴiiƴam asid.

== Tuugnorgal ==
&lt;references /&gt;</text>
      <sha1>tw5ys5vj3i0vez12kxstwu4g82swxwq</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Acoustic rhinometry</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>33762</id>
    <revision>
      <id>183469</id>
      <parentid>139885</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-20T13:22:14Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>6960</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Add 2 books for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260820sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]]</comment>
      <origin>183469</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3640" sha1="o88d6ey3cpg4y1bi6un0g1v0n5zw44r" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}'''Rinometri akustik''' ko peeje ƴeewndorɗe nokku e njuuteendi nofru e ɓuuɓri nofru rewrude e ƴeewndo akustik. Ina waawi huutoreede ngam fooɗtude maandeeji anatomiiji nofru, e waylooji gonɗi e nder nofru ngam jaabaade ƴeewndorɗe ɓuuɓnooje alerji. Mawneeki e mbaadi ɓoggi daande peeñɗi ina ndokka humpitooji ko faati e mbaydi e njuuteendi ɓuuɓri nofru, tawa kadi ko leelgol waktuuji peeñɗi ɗii ina nanndi e woɗɗude nofru nduu.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|title=Acoustic rhinometry in rhinological practice: discussion paper.|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_royal-society-of-medicine-great-britain-journal_1994-07_87_7/page/411|author1=E W Fisher|author2=V J Lund|author3=G K Scadding|date=July 1994|journal=[[Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine]]|pages=411–413|volume=87|issue=7|doi=10.1177/014107689408700713|pmc=1294654|pmid=8046730}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Siyasa
Fooyre ndee waɗata ko e feewnude ɓuuɓol akustik ummoraade e haaloowo walla ɓuuɓol ɓuuɓol ngol, ngool ɓuuɓol sonndu ina rewnee e nofru e dow tuuba. Ndeeɗoo ɓuuɓol sonndu ina feeñnina caggal e mikroo, ngool feeñninde ina feeñnina fawaade e waylooji gonɗi e nder weeyo (impédance akustik) nokku oo jowitiiɗi e nokku gonɗo e ŋorol nofru. Mikro oo ina nelda maande sonndu nduu e amplifier e ordinateer baawɗo huutoraade ɗum e nder graphique distance area.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|last1=O|first1=Hilberg|last2=AC|first2=Jackson|last3=DL|first3=Swift|last4=OF|first4=Pedersen|title=Acoustic Rhinomtry: Evaluation of nasal cavity geometry by acoustic reflection|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-applied-physiology_1989-01_66_1/page/295|journal=Journal of Applied Physiology|date=1989|volume=66|issue=1|pages=295–303|pmid=2917933|doi=10.1152/jappl.1989.66.1.295}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|last1=J|first1=Numminen|last2=P|first2=Dastidar|last3=T|first3=Heinonen|last4=T|first4=Karhuketo|last5=M|first5=Rautiainen|title=Reliability of Acoustic Rhinometry|journal=Respiratory Medicine|date=2003|volume=97|issue=4|pages=421–7|doi=10.1053/rmed.2002.1465|pmid=12693804|doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|last1=LF|first1=Grymer|last2=O|first2=Hilberg|last3=OF|first3=Pedersen|last4=TR|first4=Rasmussen|title=Acoustic Rhinometry: Values from Adults with subjective nomal nasal patency|journal=Rhinology|date=1991|issue=29|pages=35–47}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ɗeeɗoo peeje ina kawri no feewi e peeje nokkuuje baɗaaɗe e CT scans e reentaare ƴiiƴam nofru fotde rhinomanometry, kono won heen ko ɗe ngonaa koolniiɗe e nokku caggal e nde nokku nofru oo ɓuuɓnata..&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|last1=O|first1=Hilberg|last2=OF|first2=Pedersen|title=Acoustic Rhinometry: Recommendations for technical specifications and standard operating procedures.|journal=Rhinology Supplement|date=2000|issue=16|pages=3–17|pmid=11225287}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Nafooje ==
Nafoore mawnde e ngalɗoo laawol ko wonde ngol alaa ko nafata rokkude peeje nokku gonɗo e ŋorol nofru e njuuteendi ŋorol nofru e nder doggi waktuuji gooŋɗuɗi. Ɗum ina waawi waɗeede e nder biro, e nder suudu safrirdu, walla e nder safrirde. Ndeeɗoo nokkuure taƴnde ina waawi kadi hollireede no ɓuuɓri nofru e dow ŋoral nofru gila e turbinate lesre haa e nokku 7 cm nofru hade mum hawrude e ŋoral nofru ɗiɗi ngal e nder gootal.

Nafooje no woorunoo
Ko famɗi fof nokku gonɗo e ŋoral nofru e nder tolnooji no woorunoo ko 0,7 cm2 ko ina tolnoo e 0,3-1,2 cm2. E nder ɓuuɓri ina waawi ɓeydaade haa hedde 0,5-1,3 cm2. Njuuteeki ngool laawol fawii ko e jokkondire hakkunde nofru e kaɓirɗe. Misposition tuuba walla ɓuuɓri henndu ina waawi addande njeñtudi ndii feeñde.

== Tuugnorgal ==</text>
      <sha1>o88d6ey3cpg4y1bi6un0g1v0n5zw44r</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>ACR score</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>33764</id>
    <revision>
      <id>183440</id>
      <parentid>139894</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-20T12:40:45Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>6960</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260820sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]]</comment>
      <origin>183440</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2887" sha1="ib508imyup8c2oj6rhci5q5zg7im66g" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}'''Njoɓdi ACR''' ko peeje ngam fooɗtude waylo-waylo e maale ñawu nguu. Nde inniraa ko duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Amerik to bannge ƴiiƴam. Njoɓdi ACR ɓuri huutoreede ko e jarribooji safaara, ɓuri huutoreede ko e jokkondiral hakkunde safrooɓe e ñawɗo, sibu ina addana wiɗtooɓe ɓee jogaade tolno gooto.&lt;ref name=&quot;ACR1995&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|last1=Felson|first1=David T.|last2=Anderson|first2=Jennifer J.|last3=Boers|first3=Maarten|last4=Bombardier|first4=Claire|last5=Furst|first5=Daniel|last6=Goldsmith|first6=Charles|last7=Katz|first7=Linda M.|last8=Lightfoot|first8=Robert|last9=Paulus|first9=Harold|last10=Strand|first10=Vibeke|last11=Tugwell|first11=Peter|last12=Weinblatt|first12=Michael|last13=James Williams|first13=H.|last14=Wolfe|first14=Frederick|last15=Kieszak|first15=Stephanie|title=American college of rheumatology preliminary definition of improvement in rheumatoid arthritis|journal=Arthritis &amp; Rheumatism|publisher=Wiley|volume=38|issue=6|year=1995|issn=0004-3591|doi=10.1002/art.1780380602|pages=727–735|pmid=7779114}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Degreeji moƴƴitingol ceertuɗi ina mbiyaa ACR20, ACR50, ACR70. ACR20 fuɗɗiima eɓɓaade e limto ACR, fotde 20% ɓeydagol e dow tolno 28 hakkunde. ACR50 e ACR70 njiytiraa ko caggal mum, ko ina wona 50% e 70% e ɓeydagol.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|last1=Rocha|first1=Kathleen|title=ACR Score: Measuring Rheumatoid Arthritis|url=https://www.rheumatoidarthritis.org/treatment/acr-score/|website=RheumatoidArthritis.org|accessdate=4 April 2017|archive-date=15 August 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180815024209/https://www.rheumatoidarthritis.org/treatment/acr-score/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Eskaal teddeendi ñawu nguu (RASS) tuugii ko e taƴe gonɗe e njuɓɓudi toɓɓere ACR.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|title=Rheumatoid Arthritis Severity Scale: a brief, physician-completed scale not confounded by patient self-report of psychological functioning.|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_rheumatology_2002-01_41_1/page/38|journal=Rheumatology|volume=41|pages=38–45|author=Bardwell|year=2002|issue=1|display-authors=etal|doi=10.1093/rheumatology/41.1.38|pmid=11792878|doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Laabi peccitagol ñawu nguu e hitaande 2010 ACR / EULAR, tawi ina waɗi ƴeewndorɗe anti-CCP, peewniraa ko ngam tiiɗtinde ñawu nguu e fuɗɗoode, e sifaaji jowitiiɗi e ñawu nguu duumotoongu walla ɓuuɓngu.

== Tuugnorgal&lt;ref name=&quot;Aletaha&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|vauthors=Aletaha D, Neogi T, Silman AJ|title=2010 rheumatoid arthritis classification criteria: an American College of Rheumatology/European League Against Rheumatism collaborative initiative|journal=Ann. Rheum. Dis.|volume=69|issue=9|pages=1580–8|date=September 2010|pmid=20699241|doi=10.1136/ard.2010.138461|url=http://www.rheumatology.org/practice/clinical/classification/ra/2010_revised_criteria_classification_ra.pdf|display-authors=etal|doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt; ==</text>
      <sha1>ib508imyup8c2oj6rhci5q5zg7im66g</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Operating field</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>33772</id>
    <revision>
      <id>183448</id>
      <parentid>180989</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-20T12:54:09Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>6960</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260820sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]]</comment>
      <origin>183448</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2189" sha1="nyxzn6zkzcln9ghq3in1etlm15uiiyo" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}'''Fannu opereeji''', ina wiyee kadi fannu seppo, ko nokku steril keeriiɗo ɗo seppo waɗata. Ina heewi huutoreede ngam ustude baasal caggal nde neɗɗo selli, tee ina fadi ɓeydude kattanɗe e nder seppooji. Lesɗingol caɗeele caggal seppo ina jokkondiri kadi e laaɓal nokku seppo.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=operating field|url=https://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/operating+field|website=TheFreeDictionary.com|access-date=6 February 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Preparation of the operating field|url=https://deltamed.pro/en/news/preparation-of-the-operating-field|website=Delta MED|access-date=6 February 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|last1=Eisner|first1=Georg|title=Eye Surgery|url=https://archive.org/details/eyesurgeryintrod0000eisn|chapter=Preparation of the Operating Field|date=1990|pages=[https://archive.org/details/eyesurgeryintrod0000eisn/page/119 119]–132|doi=10.1007/978-3-642-71799-4_5|isbn=978-3-642-71801-4}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last1=Liu|first1=Daochang|last2=Jiang|first2=Tingting|last3=Wang|first3=Yizhou|last4=Miao|first4=Rulin|last5=Shan|first5=Fei|last6=Li|first6=Ziyu|date=November 2020|title=Clearness of operating field: a surrogate for surgical skills on in vivo clinical data|url=https://link.springer.com/10.1007/s11548-020-02267-z|journal=International Journal of Computer Assisted Radiology and Surgery|language=en|volume=15|issue=11|pages=1817–1824|doi=10.1007/s11548-020-02267-z|pmid=33044734|s2cid=222279924|issn=1861-6410|url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last1=Birkmeyer|first1=John D.|last2=Finks|first2=Jonathan F.|last3=O'Reilly|first3=Amanda|last4=Oerline|first4=Mary|last5=Carlin|first5=Arthur M.|last6=Nunn|first6=Andre R.|last7=Dimick|first7=Justin|last8=Banerjee|first8=Mousumi|last9=Birkmeyer|first9=Nancy J.O.|date=2013-10-10|title=Surgical Skill and Complication Rates after Bariatric Surgery|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_new-england-journal-of-medicine_2013-10-10_369_15/page/1434|journal=New England Journal of Medicine|language=en|volume=369|issue=15|pages=1434–1442|doi=10.1056/NEJMsa1300625|pmid=24106936|issn=0028-4793|doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tuugnorgal ==
&lt;references /&gt;</text>
      <sha1>nyxzn6zkzcln9ghq3in1etlm15uiiyo</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Total complement activity</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>33786</id>
    <revision>
      <id>183523</id>
      <parentid>140007</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-20T14:46:36Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>6960</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Add 2 books for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260820sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]]</comment>
      <origin>183523</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="4400" sha1="fpxzg9esofmi92jkfxftcvu3e0vjwyb" xml:space="preserve">'''Golle timmuɗe''' (TCA) ko jarribooji keewɗi baɗɗiiɗi e golle njuɓɓudi timmundi e nder neɗɗo.

== Testeeji ==
Teskuyaaji timmuɗiC4 (C)FB (A)C3CH50Sarɗiiji·↓↓↓PSG, C3 NeF AA↓·↓·HAE, C4D···↓TCPD↓·/↓↓↓SLE↑↑↑↑f

Teskuyaaji keewɗi ina mbaawi huutoreede ngam fooɗtude TCA, kono ɓurɗo huutoreede e dow ko teskuyaaji CH50.&lt;ref name=&quot;LotzeThomson2005&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author1=Michael T. Lotze|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YPUVLAXfzr4C&amp;pg=PA151|title=Measuring immunity: basic biology and clinical assessment|author2=Angus W. Thomson|publisher=Academic Press|year=2005|isbn=978-0-12-455900-4|pages=151–|access-date=3 December 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Costabile|first=Maurizio|date=March 29, 2010|title=Measuring the 50% Haemolytic Complement (CH50) Activity of Serum|url=https://www.jove.com/t/1923/measuring-the-50-haemolytic-complement-ch50-activity-of-serum|journal=J. Vis.|volume=|issue=37|article-number=e1923|doi=10.3791/1923|pmid=20351687|pmc=3168207|via=}}&lt;/ref&gt;.  Fooyre woɗnde ina waɗi ƴeewndo liposome (LIA), &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=N|first=Souda|date=October 1998|title=Studies on the conditions of blood sampling and storage for the liposome-based CH50 assay|url=https://europepmc.org/article/med/9816918|journal=The Japanese Journal of Clinical Pathology|volume=46|issue=10|pages=1049–1055|pmid=9816918|via=}}&lt;/ref&gt; feere tiitoonde tuuba gooto,method.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last1=Nilsson|first1=U. R.|last2=Nilsson|first2=B.|date=1984-08-03|title=Simplified assays of hemolytic activity of the classical and alternative complement pathways|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-immunological-methods_1984_72_1/page/49|journal=Journal of Immunological Methods|language=en|volume=72|issue=1|pages=49–59|doi=10.1016/0022-1759(84)90432-0|pmid=6747305|issn=0022-1759}}&lt;/ref&gt;e feere ƴiiƴam-plaquemethod.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last1=Nilsson|first1=U. R.|last2=Nilsson|first2=B.|date=1984-08-03|title=Simplified assays of hemolytic activity of the classical and alternative complement pathways|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-immunological-methods_1984_72_1/page/49|journal=Journal of Immunological Methods|language=en|volume=72|issue=1|pages=49–59|doi=10.1016/0022-1759(84)90432-0|pmid=6747305|issn=0022-1759}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== CH50 Laawol ngol ==
Fooyre ndee tuugii ko e mbaawka serum neɗɗo ngam ustude ƴiiƴam baali, ɓuuɓɗam, ɓuuɓɗam, ɓuuɓɗam (IgG rabbit).  Serum neɗɗo oo ina ɓuuɓnee haa 50% e ƴiiƴam baali ɗii ɓuuɓtoo.  Ɗum winndaa ko e CH50.

CH50 ina ƴeewtoo laawol timmungol kiiɗɗo, ɗum noon ina ɗaɓɓi geɗe C1-C9 gollotooɗe.

=== CH50 Firo ===
So tawii neɗɗo ina jogii geɗe ballitooje ŋakkeende walla ŋakkeende golle, ndeen e fuɗɗoode ɗe ina usta mbaawka limtude eritrosit.  Ko ɗum waɗi kala dillugol e serum maɓɓe ina ɓeyda bonnude ngool gollal, ɗum firti ko dillugol les ngol ina foti yettaade ngam heɓde 50% e mbaawka.  E ko feewti heen, kala neɗɗo mo tolnooji komplement walla golle mum ɓeydii, ina jogori jogaade CH50 toowɗo nde tawnoo ɓeydagol dillugol ina foti yettaade 50% e maande lyse.

Ustagol CH50 ina waawi yiyeede e cirrhosis walla hepatitis[6] sabu ŋakkeende peewnugol komplement e nder heeñere.  Ina waawi kadi yiyeede e lupus erythematosus systemique sabu ɓeydagol huutoraade geɗe ballitooje sabu patoloji ngonka autoimmune.  Ina ustoo e sahaa njiyaagu (kono wonduɓe e ñawu nguu ina njogii nafoore no feewi hakkunde njiyaagu).[7]

Ɓeydagol teddeendi CH50 firti ko timmugol mum en ina heewi golle so renndinaama e no woorunoo, ɗum ina waawi yiyeede e kanseer walla e kolitis ulceratif[citation needed].

Neɗɗo ina waawi firtude nafoore CH50 wondude e nafoore faktoruuji timmuɗi neɗɗo ngam wallitde anndude etioloji.  Yeru, so tawii e neɗɗo ina jogii teddeendi C3/C4 no woorunoo kono CH50 ina usta, ɗuum ina waawi hollitde ŋakkeende laawol timmungol tawa so neɗɗo ina jogii teddeendi C3 e CH50 tokosiri ina waawi hollitde ngonka autoimmune ko wayi no lupus erythematosus systemique.

Anndugol hemolitik laawol goɗngol (&quot;AH50&quot;) ina waawi huutoreede e jokkondire ngam hollitde so tawii won ŋakkeende laawol timmungol (CH50 e AH50 fof ina famɗi), ŋakkeende laawol kiiɗɗo (CH50 ina famɗi, AH50 ina woodi) walla ŋakkeende laawol goɗngol (AH50 ina famɗi, CH50 ina famɗi).

== Tuugnorgal ==
&lt;references /&gt;</text>
      <sha1>fpxzg9esofmi92jkfxftcvu3e0vjwyb</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Tinetti test</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>33787</id>
    <revision>
      <id>183499</id>
      <parentid>140009</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-20T14:17:05Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>6960</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Add 2 books for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260820sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]]</comment>
      <origin>183499</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1673" sha1="8i7wxwnaxsnnisy1hn0av5uqh4pkf31" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}'''Test Tinetti''' (TT), walla Test Mobiliteer (POMA), ko test kilinik keewɗo huutoreede ngam ƴeewde mbaawkaaji neɗɗo e nder ballondiral gonngal e mbaydi mbaylaandi..&lt;ref name=&quot;Tinetti1986&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|first1=M.E.|last1=Tinetti|first2=T. Frankin|last2=Williams|first3=R.|last3=Mayewski|journal=American Journal of Medicine|title=Fall risk index for elderly patients based on number of chronic disabilities|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_american-journal-of-medicine_1986-03_80_3/page/n214|volume=80|issue=3|pages=429–434|year=1986|pmid=3953620|doi=10.1016/0002-9343(86)90717-5}}&lt;/ref&gt;  Nde inniraa ko gooto e sosnooɓe nde, hono Mary Tinetti.  Test oo ko e taƴe ɗiɗi juutɗe ɗe heen gooto ƴeewtotoo baawɗe balance static e nder jappeere caggal ɗuum daraade, e yahdu woɗndu nduu.[2]  Taƴe ɗiɗi ɗee ina kuutoree sahaa e sahaa fof ngam waɗde jarribooji ceertuɗi..&lt;ref name=&quot;Tinetti19862&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|first1=M.E.|last1=Tinetti|first2=T. Frankin|last2=Williams|first3=R.|last3=Mayewski|journal=American Journal of Medicine|title=Fall risk index for elderly patients based on number of chronic disabilities|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_american-journal-of-medicine_1986-03_80_3/page/n214|volume=80|issue=3|pages=429–434|year=1986|pmid=3953620|doi=10.1016/0002-9343(86)90717-5}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ina waɗi inɗe goɗɗe keewɗe, ina heen ƴeewndo yahdu e balans Tinetti, ƴeewndo moɓondiral Tinetti, e ƴeewndo balans Tinetti ;  feere yaajnde e innde, taƴe jarribooje e nafooje taƴɗe ina addana sahaaji jiiɓru.[4]

== Ƴeew kadi ==
Teskuyaaji Romberg

Test jooɗaade-umminde

Timed Up e Go jarribo

== Tuugnorgal ==
&lt;references /&gt;</text>
      <sha1>8i7wxwnaxsnnisy1hn0av5uqh4pkf31</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Skeletal survey</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>33808</id>
    <revision>
      <id>183520</id>
      <parentid>140072</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-20T14:42:25Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>6960</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260820sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]]</comment>
      <origin>183520</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2307" sha1="jh63thiler5x7oscktn29jatv6em1qb" xml:space="preserve">'''Wiɗto ƴiye''' ina wiyee kadi wiɗto ƴiyeko'&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Bone Survey|url=https://www.oncolink.org/cancer-treatment/procedures-diagnostic-tests/radiology-tests/imaging-bone-survey|work=OncoLink}}&lt;/ref&gt; limto ƴiye denndaangal ƴiye ɓanndu, walla ko famɗi fof ƴiye aksiyoŋ e ƴiye kortikol mawɗe.  Kuutoragol ɓurngol heewde ko ƴeewde mboros biyeteeɗo myeloma multiple, ɗo ɓuuɓri ƴiiƴam feeñata ko no ɓuuɓri &quot;punched-out&quot; nii.  Ko ɓuri heewde e ranwiiji ngam wiɗto ƴiye ina mbaɗi ranwiiji ɓalndu, ɓalndu nduu fof, pelɓondiral, ƴiye, humeri e femora (kosam juutɗam ɓadiiɗo).  Ina ɓuri ƴeewndo isotopeeji waawde yiytude naatgol ƴiye e nder mboros biyeteeɗo myeloma keewɗo.  Hay so tawii ina famɗi no feewi e MRI, ina weeɓi waɗde heen ƴiye ɓurɗe heewde.  Wiɗto hollitii wonde MRI tan e ɓalndu e pelvis ina waawi yiytude 9% e ñawɓe wonduɓe e ƴiye ɓurɗe yaajde e wiɗto ƴiye ɓurngo yaajde ngo noon ina heddii e feere teskinnde.&lt;ref name=&quot;pmid10444160&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|vauthors=Lecouvet FE, Malghem J, Michaux L, Maldague B, Ferrant A, Michaux JL, Vande Berg BC|title=Skeletal survey in advanced multiple myeloma: radiographic versus MR imaging survey|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_british-journal-of-haematology_1999-07_106_1/page/35|journal=British Journal of Haematology|volume=106|issue=1|pages=35–9|date=July 1999|pmid=10444160|doi=10.1046/j.1365-2141.1999.01529.x|doi-access=}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Wiɗtooji ƴiye ina kuutoree kadi e tuumeede ñawu nguu tawa wonaa aksidaa e nder sukaaɓe (CE [3] ina hollita wonde 19 natal cukalel ngel ina ƴettee.) Ɗeeɗoo natal ko radiyoloji sukaaɓe konsulteer habri ɗum en, tee ina heewi waɗde heen koppiiji.  Gaññeeje ɗe ngonaa aksidaa ina tuumaa so tawii cukalel ngel heɓii gaññeeje ɗe ƴeewndorɗe safaara ɗee njahdaani e firo dokkaango e gaññeeje ɗee, ko wayi no ɓuuɓri spiral e cukalel ngel yahdaani tawo.

CT ɓalndu ina waɗee kadi e jokkondirde e radiyoo so tawii cukalel ngel ina yahra e duuɓi 10 walla so tawii cukalel ngel ina yahra e duuɓi 18, tawa ina waɗi sarɗiiji kilinik (ekkimosis perioribtal, yeru) ngam ittude mboros bonɗo e hoore.

Njeñtudi wiɗto ƴiye ina waawi huutoreede e nder ñaawirde ngam seedaade ko fayti e majjere sukaaɓe.

== Tuugnorgal ==
&lt;references /&gt;</text>
      <sha1>jh63thiler5x7oscktn29jatv6em1qb</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Platelet swirling</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>33830</id>
    <revision>
      <id>183506</id>
      <parentid>140201</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-20T14:26:36Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>6960</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260820sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]]</comment>
      <origin>183506</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="998" sha1="jyca7pb0t0zg1cks5a9sljs0eqpdk9u" xml:space="preserve">'''Swirling platelet ko feere''' nde alaa ko bonnata ngam ƴeewde no ƴiiƴam ɗam (PRP) foti wonde.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|last1=Wagner|first1=S. J.|last2=Robinette|first2=D.|title=Evaluation of swirling, pH, and glucose tests for the detection of bacterial contamination in platelet concentrates|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_transfusion_november-december-1996_36_11-12/page/989|journal=Transfusion|date=November 1996|volume=36|issue=11–12|pages=989–993|doi=10.1046/j.1537-2995.1996.36111297091744.x|pmid=8937410|s2cid=34296364|issn=0041-1132}}&lt;/ref&gt;  Wirlogol ƴiiƴam ina safra diƴƴe annoore sabu njuɓɓudi ƴiiƴam gonɗam e mbaadi diski no woorunoo.  Ɗee diskiiji ina njuɓɓina annoore nde diwtata, ina waɗa mbaadi nanndundi e ruulde walla ɓuuɓol.[citation needed]

Njeñtudi ƴeewndo ɓuuɓri ƴiiƴam ina winndee e ɓuuɓri moƴƴiri walla yaajndi, ɓuuɓri hakkundeeri walla hakkundeeri, e ɓuuɓri ndi alaa walla ndi alaa.[citation needed]

== Tuugnorgal ==
&lt;references /&gt;</text>
      <sha1>jyca7pb0t0zg1cks5a9sljs0eqpdk9u</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Ottawa knee rules</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>33837</id>
    <revision>
      <id>183465</id>
      <parentid>140212</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-20T13:15:16Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>6960</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Add 2 books for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260820sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]]</comment>
      <origin>183465</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2609" sha1="n0l3eccl54xz3xquvq43t9lgefc79ng" xml:space="preserve">'''Kuule koppi Ottawa''' ko kuule kuutorteeɗe ngam wallude safrooɓe anndude so tawii ko x-ray koppi ina haani.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.ohri.ca/emerg/cdr/knee.html|title=Ottawa Knee Rule - Emergency Medicine Research - Ottawa Hospital Research Institute}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ɓe kolliti wonde radiyoo ina ɗaɓɓi tan e ñawɓe wonduɓe e rafi gonɗo e koppi mum en, tawi ina waɗi heen gootel walla ko ɓuri ɗum :

Duuɓi 55 walla ko ɓuri ɗum

Teddungal e hoore fibula

Teddungal patella keeriiɗo

Waasde waawde ɓuuɓnude goddol ɓurngol 90°

Waasde waawde jogaade teddeendi ɗoon e ɗoon e nder departemaa emergency (4 steps)

Kuule koppi Ottawa ƴettaa ko ngam wallitde e huutoraade radiyoogaraafi e nder ñawuuji koppi ɓuuɓɗi, gila ndeen kadi ina teskaa e sahaaji keewɗi e nder yimɓe ceertuɓe e nder sukaaɓe e mawɓe fof..&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|vauthors=Cheung TC, Tank Y, Breederveld RS, Tuinebreijer WE, de Lange-de Klerk ES, Derksen RJ|title=Diagnostic accuracy and reproducibility of the Ottawa Knee Rule vs the Pittsburgh Decision Rule.|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_american-journal-of-emergency-medicine_2013-04_31_4/page/n10|journal=Am J Emerg Med|year=2013|volume=31|issue=4|pages=641–5|doi=10.1016/j.ajem.2012.11.003|pmid=23399332}}&lt;/ref&gt;Won wiɗtooji kollitii wonde sensitivite kuule koppi Ottawa ko 98-100% wonande ɓuuɓri koppi teskinndi e nder safaara, ɗum firti ko 98-100% e ñawɓe ɓuuɓri fof maa njogo sarɗiiji ƴeewndo.  Kono tan, keertinagol kuule koppi Ottawa ina heewi ŋakkude, ɗum firti ko feccere mawnde e ɓeen wonɓe e sarɗiiji koppi Ottawa maa njogo ɓuuɓri koppi e rajo-X.  Kuule koppi Pittsburgh tawaama ina ɓuri laaɓtude e ƴeewndo..&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|vauthors=Cheung TC, Tank Y, Breederveld RS, Tuinebreijer WE, de Lange-de Klerk ES, Derksen RJ|title=Diagnostic accuracy and reproducibility of the Ottawa Knee Rule vs the Pittsburgh Decision Rule.|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_american-journal-of-emergency-medicine_2013-04_31_4/page/n10|journal=Am J Emerg Med|year=2013|volume=31|issue=4|pages=641–5|doi=10.1016/j.ajem.2012.11.003|pmid=23399332}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Laabi pellital kilinik hono ɗii, ngonaa tan e reentaade cellal ngal alaa nafoore e njoɓdi mum kono kadi ina mballita e ustude ŋakkeende radiis iyon.  Hono ngool radiyee ina haani e radiyoogaraafi kono ina waawi ɓeydude baasal e kanseer, ɗum noon safrooɓe ina njiɗi woppude huutoraade ɗum kala nde ina waawi.

== Ƴeew kadi ==
Kuule gonɗe e Ottawa

Pittsburgh koppi kuule

Jokkondire yaajɗe

Kuule koppi Pittsburgh

Natal kuule koppi Ottawa

== Tuugnorgal ==
&lt;references /&gt;</text>
      <sha1>n0l3eccl54xz3xquvq43t9lgefc79ng</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Ottawa Bowel Preparation Scale</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>33838</id>
    <revision>
      <id>183456</id>
      <parentid>140214</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-20T13:05:28Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>6960</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260820sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]]</comment>
      <origin>183456</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2540" sha1="tdjbbzwvju0sn5w635fa0mnbxvb7ent" xml:space="preserve">'''Peewnugol ɓalndu Ottawa''' ina huutoree ngam ƴeewde peewnugol ɓalndu ñawɗo ngam waɗde kolonoskopi.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|vauthors=Rostom A, Jolicoeur E|title=Validation of a new scale for the assessment of bowel preparation quality|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_gastrointestinal-endoscopy_2004-04_59_4/page/482|journal=Gastrointest Endosc|volume=59|issue=4|pages=482–6|date=April 2004|pmid=15044882|doi=10.1016/s0016-5107(03)02875-x}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Pewnugol ɓalndu scoring ==
Peeje ɗee ina ƴeewtoo geɗe tati ɓalndu mawndu nduu : (1) ɓalndu rektosigmoid, (2) ɓalndu hakkundeeru e (3) ɓalndu ñaamo.  Ko ɓuri heewde e 4 ina huutoree e kala taƴre ɓalndu mawndu.  Toɓɓere 0 ina rokketee so tawii peewnugol ɓalndu ina moƴƴi, firti ko detal muusngal ina yiyee, alaa ko woni e mum so wonaa ɓuuɓri.  Toɓɓere 1 ina hokka so tawii peewnugol ɓalndu ina moƴƴi, firti ko ndiyam/ɓuuɓri ina woodi kono muusalla ina yiyee, lootgol/suuɗde alaa ko nafata.  Toɓɓere 2 ina rokketee so tawii peewnugol ɓalndu ina moƴƴi, firti ko ina woodi ndiyam/ɓuuɓri ina suuɗa ɓalndu nduu, suukara ina haani kono lootde ina haani.  Toɓɓere 3 ina hokka so tawii peewnugol ɓalndu ina ŋakki, firti ko ƴiiƴam ina suuɗa ɓalndu nduu, suukara/lootgol ina rokka tan yiyngo ɓalndu OK.  Toɓɓere 4 ina rokketee so tawii peewnugol ɓalndu nduu ina ŋakki, ɗum firti ko ɓalndu nduu ina suuɗa ɓalndu nduu hay so tawii ko lootgol/suusgol mawngol.  Toɓɓere ndee fof hiisaama e ɓeydude toɓɓe 3 ɗee kala.  Toɓɓere ndee ina waɗi 0 (timmuɗo) haa 14 (ɓuuɓri tiiɗndi e nder kala taƴre e ndiyam keewɗam, woni ƴiiƴam ɗam peewnaaka haa laaɓi)..&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last1=Lawrance|first1=I. C.|last2=Willert|first2=R. P.|last3=Murray|first3=K.|date=2013-04-01|title=A Validated Bowel-Preparation Tolerability Questionnaire and Assessment of Three Commonly Used Bowel-Cleansing Agents|url=https://doi.org/10.1007/s10620-012-2449-0|journal=Digestive Diseases and Sciences|language=en|volume=58|issue=4|pages=926–935|doi=10.1007/s10620-012-2449-0|pmid=23095990|issn=1573-2568|url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Peeje goɗɗe peewtuɗe e peewnugol ko peeñɗe Aronchick e peeje peewnugol ɓalndu Boston..&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|vauthors=Kastenberg D, Bertiger G, Brogadir S|title=Bowel preparation quality scales for colonoscopy|journal=World J Gastroenterol|volume=24|issue=26|pages=2833–2843|date=July 2018|pmid=30018478|pmc=6048432|doi=10.3748/wjg.v24.i26.2833|doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tuugnorgal ==
&lt;references /&gt;</text>
      <sha1>tdjbbzwvju0sn5w635fa0mnbxvb7ent</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Organ dysfunction</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>33839</id>
    <revision>
      <id>183450</id>
      <parentid>140216</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-20T12:57:29Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>6960</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260820sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]]</comment>
      <origin>183450</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1605" sha1="0th216vrl5jhvi87tx85rffpooglo47" xml:space="preserve">'''Ɓooygol terɗe ko ngonka''' ɗo terɗe mbaɗataa golle ɗe njiɗ-ɗen.  Ɓooygol terɗe ko ŋakkeende golle terɗe haa heewi, haa arti noon e homeostasis no woorunoo, tawa kadi ko e ballal safaara yaajngal walla ballal nguurndam.  Wonaa ñawu nguu.  Ina waawi renndineede e sabaabu, kono so tawii sabaabu oo anndaaka, ina waawi kadi renndinde so tawii fuɗɗoode ndee ko ɓuuɓnde walla ko ɓuuɓnde.

Ɓooygol terɗe keewɗe ina waawi jogaade sepsis, ina heewi warde.  Leyɗeele ko wayi no Espaañ kollitii ɓeydagol maayɗeele sabu keewal mawɓe toon &lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|vauthors=Bouza C, López-Cuadrado T, Saz-Parkinson Z, Blanco J|title=Epidemiology and recent trends of severe sepsis in Spain: a nationwide population-based analysis (2006-2011).|journal=BMC Infect Dis|year=2014|volume=14|issue=1|pages=717|article-number=3863|doi=10.1186/s12879-014-0717-7|pmid=25528662|pmc=4327809|doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;Won kuutorɗe ɗe safrooɓe kuutortoo so ina ƴeewtoo ŋakkeende terɗe keewɗe e so ina ƴeewtoo ko waawi arde.  Njoɓdi ƴeewndo ŋakkeende terɗe (SOFA)&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|vauthors=Ferreira FL, Bota DP, Bross A, Mélot C, Vincent JL|title=Serial evaluation of the SOFA score to predict outcome in critically ill patients.|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_jama_2001-10-10_286_14/page/1754|journal=JAMA|year=2001|volume=286|issue=14|pages=1754–8|doi=10.1001/jama.286.14.1754|pmid=11594901|doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt; ina huutoroo teddeendi laboratuwaaruuji gadani e nder safrirde ñawɗo (e nder waktuuji 24) ngam teskaade batte maayɗeele ñawɗo.

== Tuugnorgal ==
&lt;references /&gt;</text>
      <sha1>0th216vrl5jhvi87tx85rffpooglo47</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Combined rapid anterior pituitary evaluation panel</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>33862</id>
    <revision>
      <id>183420</id>
      <parentid>140299</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-20T12:12:18Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>6960</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260820sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]]</comment>
      <origin>183420</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2640" sha1="b7aomvfnys642h36lvp2as7c05poj4d" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}'''Panneel ƴeewndo yaawngo gonngo e yeeso walla ƴeewndo bolus tati walla ƴeewndo golle ƴiiƴam diinaaji''' ko feere safaara huutorteende ngam ƴeewde golle ƴiiƴam ñawɗo. Test bolus tati ina heewi yamireede e firtude ko annduɓe &lt;ref name=&quot;Melmed2002&quot;&gt;{{cite book|last=Melmed|first=Shlomo|title=The pituitary|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tVAnazIV1JwC&amp;pg=PA714|accessdate=15 July 2011|year=2002|publisher=Wiley-Blackwell|isbn=978-0-632-04357-6|pages=714–}}&lt;/ref&gt; needed]

E nder geɗe seeɗa, ina jokkondiri e apopleksi pituitaire.&lt;ref name=&quot;pmid17468811&quot;&gt;{{cite journal |vauthors=Yoshino A, Katayama Y, Watanabe T|s2cid=24978106|title=Apoplexy accompanying pituitary adenoma as a complication of preoperative anterior pituitary function tests|journal=Acta Neurochir (Wien)|volume=149|issue=6|pages=557–65; discussion 565|date=June 2007|pmid=17468811|doi=10.1007/s00701-007-1155-8|display-authors=etal}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Laahal ==
Hormonuuji tati (ko ɓuri heewde ko analoguuji sintetik) ina mbaɗee e nder ƴiiƴam ñawɗo oo, hono bolus ngam ustude ƴiiƴam ɓalndu yeesooru nduu :&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |vauthors=Harsoulis P, Marshall JC, Kuku SF, Burke CW, London DR, Fraser TR|title=Combined test for assessment of anterior pituitary function|journal=Br Med J|volume=4|issue=5888|pages=326–9|date=November 1973|pmid=4202260|pmc=1587416|doi=10.1136/bmj.4.5888.326}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |vauthors=Greenwood FC, Landon J|title=Assessment of hypothalamic pituitary function in endocrine disease|journal=J. Clin. Pathol.|volume=19|issue=3|pages=284–92|date=May 1966|pmid=4287115|pmc=473256|doi=10.1136/jcp.19.3.284|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-clinical-pathology_1966-05_19_3/page/284}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== insulin ==
Hormon ɓuuɓnoowo gonadotropin (GnRH)
Hormon ɓuuɓnoowo tirotropin (TRH)
Jaabawol gonngol e ƴiiƴam ngol ina ƴeewtee e pooɗondiral ɓeydagol kortisol e hormon mawnugol (GH) e nder jaabawol ŋakkere suukara e nder ɓalndu, ɓeydagol prolaktin e hormon cemmbinoowo tiroyid (TSH) mo TRH saabi e ɓeydagol hormon luteinisan (LH) e hormon cemmbinoowo follikel GHFR. Toɓɓere suukara e nder ƴiiƴam kadi ina ƴeewtee ngam humpitaade no fotiri e ŋakkere suukara e nder ƴiiƴam.[citation needed]

== Tariya ==
Test bolus tati oo, fuɗɗii ko e hitaande 1973, ko cafrooɓe ummoriiɓe to Duɗal Cafrirɗe Laamɗo to Londres e Opitaal Queen Elizabeth, to Birmingham. Nde rewi ko e ciimtol ɓennungol hawrugol e analoguuji insulin e vasopresin e nder ƴeewndo hipopituitarism.

== Ƴeew kadi ==
Teskorde muñal insulin

Test cemmbinoowo ACTH

Hipopituitarisma

Test tati

== Tuugnorgal ==</text>
      <sha1>b7aomvfnys642h36lvp2as7c05poj4d</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Compound muscle action potential</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>33863</id>
    <revision>
      <id>183521</id>
      <parentid>140302</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-20T14:43:35Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>6960</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260820sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]]</comment>
      <origin>183521</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="869" sha1="linz69xotd6r982xygbkpjeeq9yn1yq" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}'''Pottital gollal ɓalndu''' (CMAP) walla pottal gollal mooftirgal ko wiɗto safaara elektoro-diagnostik (janngugol elektoronik golle ɓalndu). CMAP ina idealize summation dental pottitte gollal fotde sahaa gooto ummoraade e fiɓndeeji keewɗi e nder nokku gooto. Ɗee ina keewi ummoraade e ustude nerwel mooftirgel. Ñawɓe wonduɓe e rafi bonɗo biyeteeɗo myopathie, ko ɗum huunde heewnde saabaade ŋakkeende yiytere e ñawɓe wonɓe e safrirde toownde, ina njogii mbaawka gollal ɓalndu juutngal.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|last=Goodman BP|title=Prolonged compound muscle action potential duration in critical illness myopathy|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_muscle-nerve_2009-12_40_6/page/1040|journal=Muscle Nerve|year=2009|volume=40|pages=1040–2|pmid=19813187|doi=10.1002/mus.21445|issue=6|s2cid=21135323|display-authors=etal}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tuugnorgal ==</text>
      <sha1>linz69xotd6r982xygbkpjeeq9yn1yq</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Dot cancellation test</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>33873</id>
    <revision>
      <id>183474</id>
      <parentid>140341</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-20T13:30:40Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>6960</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Add 2 books for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260820sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]]</comment>
      <origin>183474</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2461" sha1="1oxh00y4lwvjuqistsimoss4im355ph" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}'''Test cancellation dot walla test Bourdon–Wiersma''' ko test ɓurɗo huutoreede ngam hawrude e yiytere e jeertinaango.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|last=Laursen|first=Peter|title=Functions and Parameterization|url=http://www.crs.dk/function.html|work=Cognitive Function Scanner|access-date=1 March 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Test oo huutoraama e ƴeewndo stroke ɗo fannuuji ɗii njamiraa yo taƴtu denndaangal pelle toɓɓe nay e dow kaayitaaji A4. Limooje pelle ɗe taƴaaka toɓɓe nay, pelle toɓɓe nay ɗe taƴaaka, e waktuuji baɗaaɗi (ko ɓuri heewde, hojomaaji 15) teskaama. Test Group–Bourdon, waylo-waylo Bourdon–Wiersma, ina jeyaa e teskuyaaji keewɗi ɗi sofereeɓe janngooɓe e nder leydi Angalteer ina poti rewde.&lt;ref name=&quot;Akinwuntan&quot;&gt;{{cite journal |vauthors=Akinwuntan AE, De Weerdt W, Feys H, Baten G, Arno P, Kiekens C|title=The validity of a road test after stroke|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_archives-of-physical-medicine-and-rehabilitation_2005-03_86_3/page/421|journal=Arch Phys Med Rehabil|volume=86|issue=3|pages=421–6|date=March 2005|pmid=15759222|doi=10.1016/j.apmr.2004.04.047}}&lt;/ref&gt; The Group–Bourdon test, a modification of the Bourdon–Wiersma, is one of a number of [[Psychometrics|psychometric]] tests which trainee [[Railroad engineer|train drivers]] in the UK are required to pass.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Group–Bourdon tool|url=http://www.digital-reality.org.uk/|publisher=Digital Reality|access-date=2 March 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110103204755/http://www.digital-reality.org.uk/|archive-date=3 January 2011|url-status=usurped}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|last=Nijenhuis|first=J|author2=Vanderflier, H|title=The correlation of g with attentional and perceptual-motor ability tests|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_personality-and-individual-differences_2002-07-19_33_2/page/287|journal=Personality and Individual Differences|date=19 July 2002|volume=33|issue=2|pages=287–297|doi=10.1016/S0191-8869(01)00152-0}}&lt;!--|accessdate=2 March 2011--&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

Test oo tuugii ko e golle ganndo hakkille Faraysenaajo biyeteeɗo Benjamin B. Bourdon (1860-1943) e ganndo neeruuji hollande biyeteeɗo Enno Dirk Wiersma [nl] (1858-1940).

== Tuugnorgal&lt;ref&gt;Ono H, Lillakas L, Kapoor A, Wong I, 2013, &quot;Replicating and extending Bourdon’s (1902) experiment on motion parallax&quot; Perception 42(1) 45 – 59&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://universal_lexikon.deacademic.com/216409/Bourdon-Test Bourdon test definition]&lt;/ref&gt; ==</text>
      <sha1>1oxh00y4lwvjuqistsimoss4im355ph</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Drawer test</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>33874</id>
    <revision>
      <id>183453</id>
      <parentid>140345</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-20T13:00:33Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>6960</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260820sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]]</comment>
      <origin>183453</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2424" sha1="c1sk5di5dq9p809b4llumlzolhtoiaf" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}'''Test drawer huutortee''' ko e ƴeewndo adanngo e nder safaara tuumaaɗo rupture ligaments cruciates e nder goddol.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |title=Ligamentous restraints to anterior-posterior drawer in the human knee. A biomechanical study|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-bone-and-joint-surgery_1980-03_62-a_2/page/259|vauthors=Butler DL, Noyes FR, Grood ES|date=Mar 1980|journal=J Bone Joint Surg Am|volume=62|issue=2|pages=259–70|doi=10.2106/00004623-198062020-00013|pmid=7358757}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Laahal ==
Ñawɗo oo ina foti ŋoŋɗinde, wuttulo mum ina ɓuuɓtoo haa 45 degere, koppi mum ina ɓuuɓtoo haa 90 degere, koyɗe mum ina ɓuuɓtoo e dow taabal. Ƴeewndotooɗo oo ina joɗɗina e dow taabal ƴeewndotoowal yeeso koppi gonɗi heen ɗii, ina nannga ƴiye ɗee les ɗoo tan e doggol jokkondire goddol ngol. Koppi ɗii ina mbaɗee e dow doggol jokkondire banngeeji ɗiɗi ɗii fof e ƴiye patellar. Ndeen tibia ina fawee yeeso yeeso. Ɓeydagol firo tibial yeeso so renndinaama e tergal luurondirngal walla ŋakkeende toɓɓere joofnirde tiiɗnde ina waawi hollude wonde ko ɓuuɓri gonndi e ɓalndu anteromedial walla ko ɓuuɓri timmundi ACL. So tawii ƴiiƴam ɗam ina ɓuuɓtoo yeeso walla caggal ko ɓuri no woorunoo, ƴeewndo ngoo ina sikkaa ko moƴƴo. Ko ɓuri heewde e dimmbagol ƴiiƴam yeeso ina hollita wonde ƴiiƴam ɗam ina wondi e ngañgu, kono dimmbagol ɓurtungol caggal ina waawi hollude ngañgu ƴiiƴam caggal.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.wheelessonline.com/ortho/anterior_drawer_test|title=Anterior Drawer Test|work=Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics|date=22 July 2020|accessdate=}}&lt;/ref&gt;  If the tibia pulls forward or backward more than normal, the test is considered positive. Excessive displacement of the tibia anteriorly suggests that the [[anterior cruciate ligament]] is injured, whereas excessive posterior displacement of the tibia may indicate injury of the [[posterior cruciate ligament]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.wheelessonline.com/joints/posterior-cruciate-ligament-exam/|title=Posterior Cruciate Ligament Exam|work=Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics|date=22 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230224140149/https://www.wheelessonline.com/joints/posterior-cruciate-ligament-exam/|archive-date=2023-02-24}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ƴeew kadi ==
Gaññeeje gonɗe e ɓalndu yeesooru

Gaññeeje ɓalndu caggal

Teskuyaaji Lachman

== Tuugnorgal ==</text>
      <sha1>c1sk5di5dq9p809b4llumlzolhtoiaf</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Electro-olfactography</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>33878</id>
    <revision>
      <id>183460</id>
      <parentid>140364</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-20T13:10:40Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>6960</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260820sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]]</comment>
      <origin>183460</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2288" sha1="63aglzagsga6j31lmmt9gz6rz1lgsms" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}'''Elektro-olfaktogaraafi walla elektoroolfaktogaraafi''' (EOG) ko sifaa elektorogaraafi (teskuya elektorofisiyoloji) ballitoowo janngude olfaasiyoŋ (hakkille uurngol). Ina fotnoo, ina winnda mbayliigaaji kuuɓtodinɗi e nder epiteel olfaktor, e mbaadi nanndundi e no mbaydiiji goɗɗi elektorogaraafi (hono ECG, EEG, e EMG) poondirta e winnditaade golle bioelektrik goɗɗe.&lt;ref name=&quot;Glatz_2015&quot;&gt;{{Citation |editor-last=Glatz|editor-first=Richard|year=2015|title=Molecular Basis of Olfaction. Volume 130 of Progress in Molecular Biology and Translational Science|publisher=Academic Press|page=ix|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LFOZBQAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PR9|isbn=978-0128029138|postscript=.}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Elektro-olfaktogaraafi huutoraama duuɓi capanɗe ngam yahrude yeeso ganndal uurngol, hay so tawii noon yahrude yeeso e nder biyoloji molekulaaji e nder duuɓi capanɗe cakkitiiɗi ɗii, yaajtinii ganndal olfaktoraafi haa ɓurti ganndal ngal binnditagol elektoro-olfaktogaraafi tan waawi rokkude. Elektro-olfaktogaraafi ina ɓadii no feewi e elektorantenogaraafi, woni elektorogaraafi olfaasiyoŋ antenaaji ɓowɗi. Ganndo ko faati e ƴiiƴam biyeteeɗo David Ottoson (1918-2001) yiyti ko wiyetee elektoro-olfaktogram (EOG) , o ƴeewtindii sifaaji mum no feewi.&lt;ref name=&quot;PMID_12203693&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Scott|first1=JW|last2=Scott-Johnson|first2=PE|year=2002|title=The electroolfactogram: a review of its history and uses|journal=Microsc Res Tech|volume=58|issue=3|pages=152–160|pmid=12203693|doi=10.1002/jemt.10133|s2cid=28023025|doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;PMID_6524723&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Myers|first1=LJ|last2=Nash|first2=R|last3=Elledge|first3=HS|title=Electro-olfactography: a technique with potential for diagnosis of anosmia in the dog|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_american-journal-of-veterinary-research_1984-11_45_11/page/2296|journal=Am J Vet Res|year=1984|volume=45|issue=11|pages=2296–2298|doi=10.2460/ajvr.1984.45.11.2296|pmid=6524723}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Glatz_20152&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Glatz_20152&quot; /&gt;.&lt;ref name=&quot;Døving_2003&quot;&gt;{{Citation |last=Døving|first=Kjell|year=2003|title=David Ottoson (1918–2001)|journal=Chemical Senses|volume=28|issue=2|pages=83–84|doi=10.1093/chemse/28.2.83|postscript=.|doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tuugnorgal ==</text>
      <sha1>63aglzagsga6j31lmmt9gz6rz1lgsms</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Fetal scalp stimulation test</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>33887</id>
    <revision>
      <id>183413</id>
      <parentid>140450</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-20T12:01:24Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>6960</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Add 2 books for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260820sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]]</comment>
      <origin>183413</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1434" sha1="1yzc2pdadh6vgpn30lnejiom0e7lvsr" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}'''Test stimulation du calpe fétal''' ko test ƴeewndo kuutorteeɗo ngam anndude asidemi metabolik ɓiɗɗo. Ina waawi huutoreede no feewi ngam ƴeewde ƴiiƴam ɓiɗɗo gorko mo alaa ko nafata.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|last=Clark|first=SL|author2=Gimovsky, ML|author3=Miller, FC|title=The scalp stimulation test: a clinical alternative to fetal scalp blood sampling.|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_american-journal-of-obstetrics-and-gynecology_1984-02-01_148_3/page/274|journal=American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology|date=Feb 1, 1984|volume=148|issue=3|pages=274–7|pmid=6695974|doi=10.1016/s0002-9378(84)80067-8}}&lt;!--|accessdate=11 January 2013--&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|last=Skupski|first=DW|author2=Rosenberg, CR|author3=Eglinton, GS|title=Intrapartum fetal stimulation tests: a meta-analysis.|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_obstetrics-and-gynecology_2002-01_99_1/page/129|journal=Obstetrics and Gynecology|date=January 2002|volume=99|issue=1|pages=129–34|pmid=11777523|doi=10.1016/s0029-7844(01)01645-3|s2cid=5915067}}&lt;!--|accessdate=11 January 2013--&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

== Laahal ==
Ko ɓuuɓri dijital tiiɗndi e hoore walla ɓuuɓri ɓuuɓri hoore ɓiɗɗo e ɓuuɓri atraumatique huutortee ngam ustude. Yaawnaade ɓuuɓri ɓernde ɓiɗɗo gorko fotde 15 bpm, ko famɗi fof leƴƴanɗe 15 ina hollita batte ɓiɗɗo gorko no haanirta nii.

== Ƴeew kadi ==
Teskuyaaji ƴiiƴam hoore ɓiɗɗo

== Tuugnorgal ==</text>
      <sha1>1yzc2pdadh6vgpn30lnejiom0e7lvsr</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Gensini score</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>33910</id>
    <revision>
      <id>183442</id>
      <parentid>140572</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-20T12:44:39Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>6960</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Add 2 books for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260820sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]]</comment>
      <origin>183442</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1359" sha1="enql4p7cfp0296tyd847fdmh3c0vvtt" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}
'''Njoɓdi Gensini''' ko feere huutorteende no feewi ngam limtude ateroskleroosis anjiyogaraafi, ɗo tolno zero hollirta ŋakkeende ñawu &lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last1=Thiriet|first1=Marc|title=Diseases of the Cardiac Pump|date=2015|publisher=Springer|isbn=9783319126647|page=402|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cyrABgAAQBAJ&amp;dq=gensini+score&amp;pg=PA402|accessdate=20 September 2018|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Gensini ina hollita tolno ɓuuɓri ƴiiƴam kam e nokkuuji ɓuuɓri.&lt;ref name=&quot;pmid23067913&quot;&gt;{{cite journal |vauthors=Neeland IJ, Patel RS, Eshtehardi P, Dhawan S, McDaniel MC, Rab ST, Vaccarino V, Zafari AM, Samady H, Quyyumi AA|title=Coronary angiographic scoring systems: an evaluation of their equivalence and validity|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_american-heart-journal_2012-10_164_4/page/457|journal=[[American Heart Journal]]|volume=164|issue=4|pages=457–552|year=2012|doi=10.1016/j.ahj.2012.07.007|pmc=3913177|pmid=23067913}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;pmid6823874&quot;&gt;{{cite journal |author=Gensini GG|title=A more meaningful scoring system for determining the severity of coronary heart disease|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_american-journal-of-cardiology_1983-02_51_3/page/n377|journal=[[The American Journal of Cardiology]]|volume=51|issue=3|pages=606|year=1983|doi=10.1016/s0002-9149(83)80105-2|pmid=6823874}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tuugnorgal ==</text>
      <sha1>enql4p7cfp0296tyd847fdmh3c0vvtt</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>IPPA</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>33916</id>
    <revision>
      <id>183447</id>
      <parentid>140609</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-20T12:52:29Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>6960</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260820sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]]</comment>
      <origin>183447</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1134" sha1="ori8pwl9e68ijlczn0opbntukndrzl1" xml:space="preserve">'''IPPA''' ko ƴeewndo ɓanndu jogiingo geɗe nay teeŋtuɗe : ƴeewndo, palpaasiyoŋ, fiyde, e auskultaasiyoŋ.&lt;ref name=&quot;pmid7207269&quot;&gt;{{cite journal |author=Kirby RL|title=Inspection-palpation-percussion-auscultation and an outcome-oriented alternative approach to the musculoskeletal examination|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_medical-education_1981-03_15_2/page/106|journal=Med Educ|volume=15|issue=2|pages=106–9|date=March 1981|doi=10.1111/j.1365-2923.1981.tb02406.x|pmid=7207269|s2cid=8264727}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Hay so tawii laabi ɗii ina kawri e nder terɗe, njuɓɓudi ndii ina waawi seertude.  Teskaama, wonande ƴeewndo reedu, auscultation ina waɗee ko adii palpaasiyoŋ,,&lt;ref name=&quot;KauffmanRoth-Kauffman2006&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author1=Mark Kauffman|author2=Michele M. Roth-Kauffman|title=History and physical examination workbook: a common sense approach|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=exEv_tqORVEC&amp;pg=PA94|access-date=6 March 2011|date=6 July 2006|publisher=Jones &amp; Bartlett Learning|isbn=978-0-7637-4340-6|pages=94–}}&lt;/ref&gt;sabu golle palpaasiyoŋ ina mbaawi waylude ko auscultaama koo.

== Tuugnorgal ==
&lt;references /&gt;</text>
      <sha1>ori8pwl9e68ijlczn0opbntukndrzl1</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Ham test</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>33922</id>
    <revision>
      <id>183445</id>
      <parentid>140646</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-20T12:50:31Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>6960</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260820sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]]</comment>
      <origin>183445</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1206" sha1="n34glrnz0hljq1r9j5uhy8dh445j2bu" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}'''Test Ham''' ko test ƴiiƴam kuutorteeɗo ngam anndude hemoglobinuria jamma paroksismal (PNH). Ƴiiƴam mboɗejam ñawɗo (RBC) ina waɗee e nder asid ɓuuɓɗo ; njeñtudi moƴƴiri (ɓeydagol ɓuuɓri RBC) ina hollita PNH walla ŋakkere ƴiiƴam jibinannde.Ɗumɗoo ko jarribo ɓooyngo ngam anndude PNH sabu ŋakkeende sensitivite e keertinagol mum.

No nayaɓal PNH yahrata e ŋakkere ƴiiƴam aplastik nii, ƴeewndo Ham ina waɗi sahaa e sahaa fof ko moƴƴi e AA.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|last1=Ferri|first1=Fred F.|title=Ferri's Clinical Advisor 2016 E-Book: 5 Books in 1|date=2015|publisher=Elsevier Health Sciences|isbn=9780323378222|page=140}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tuugnorgal&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Ham|first1=Thomas H.|title=Chronic Hemolytic Anemia with Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_new-england-journal-of-medicine_1937-12-02_217_23/page/915|journal=New England Journal of Medicine|volume=217|issue=23|year=1937|pages=915–7|doi=10.1056/NEJM193712022172307}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{MedlinePlusEncyclopedia|003672|Ham test}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria - PNH|publisher=ARUP|url=http://www.arupconsult.com/Topics/PNH.html}}&lt;/ref&gt; ==</text>
      <sha1>n34glrnz0hljq1r9j5uhy8dh445j2bu</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Modified Maddrey's discriminant function</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>33971</id>
    <revision>
      <id>183428</id>
      <parentid>140963</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-20T12:23:39Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>6960</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260820sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]]</comment>
      <origin>183428</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3446" sha1="ra636v9umh2gur0mkxo7bdkok1tujus" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}'''ModifiedGolle diisnondiral Maddrey''' (DF) ko mbaadi aadaaji ngam ƴeewde tiiɗnaare e ƴeewndo e nder hepatitis alkol e ƴeewtaade nafoore huutoraade safaara steroid hepatitis alkol. Njoɓdi Maddrey DF ko mbaydi limto teskaandi, ina renndina njoɓdi DF neɗɗo oo e ƴeewndo maayde e nder balɗe 30 walla 90.[laɓɓitingol ina haani] Njoɓdi Maddrey DF neɗɗo oo ina anndiree e ƴeewndo ƴiiƴam.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Carithers RL|first1=Jr|last2=Herlong|first2=HF|last3=Diehl|first3=AM|last4=Shaw|first4=EW|last5=Combes|first5=B|last6=Fallon|first6=HJ|last7=Maddrey|first7=WC|title=Methylprednisolone therapy in patients with severe alcoholic hepatitis. A randomized multicenter trial.|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_annals-of-internal-medicine_1989-05-01_110_9/page/685|journal=Annals of Internal Medicine|date=1 May 1989|volume=110|issue=9|pages=685–90|doi=10.7326/0003-4819-110-9-685|pmid=2648927}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Golle diisnondiral Maddrey baylaaɗe ɗee, ko Maddrey e Boitnott cifondiri ɗum e fuɗɗoode ngam teskaade ko waawi arde e hepatitis alkol. Ina hiisee e foormula koolaaɗo kuutortooɗo waktu protrombin e njuuteendi bilirubin e nder ƴiiƴam:[citation needed].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |vauthors=Sheth M, Riggs M, Patel T|title=Utility of the Mayo End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD) score in assessing prognosis of patients with alcoholic hepatitis|journal=BMC Gastroenterology|volume=2|article-number=2|year=2002|pmid=11835693|doi=10.1186/1471-230X-2-2|pmc=65516|doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |vauthors=Akriviadis E, Botla R, Briggs W, Han S, Reynolds T, Shakil O|title=Pentoxifylline improves short-term survival in severe acute alcoholic hepatitis: a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial|journal=Gastroenterology|volume=119|issue=6|pages=1637–48|year=2000|pmid=11113085|doi=10.1053/gast.2000.20189|s2cid=6601371|doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |vauthors=Mathurin P, O'Grady J, Carithers RL, Phillips M, Louvet A, Mendenhall CL, Ramond MJ, Naveau S, Maddrey WC, Morgan TR|title=Corticosteroids improve short-term survival in patients with severe alcoholic hepatitis: meta-analysis of individual patient data.|journal=Gut|volume=60|issue=2|pages=255–60|year=2011|pmid=20940288|doi=10.1136/gut.2010.224097|s2cid=421366}}&lt;/ref&gt;

(

4.6

×

(

sahaa porotrombin

−

waktu ɗowgol

)

)

+

bilirubin e nder ƴiiƴam e nder mg/dl

&lt;nowiki&gt;{\displaystyle \nano(4.6\laabi \nano({\hbox{waktu porotrombin}}-{\hbox{waktu ƴeewndo}}\nyaamo)\nyaamo)+{\hbox{bilirubin ƴiiƴam e nder mg/dl}}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;

Wiɗtooji garooji kollitii wonde ina waɗi nafoore e teskaade ñawu nguu e nder balɗe 30, haa teeŋti noon e maayde e nder balɗe 30. Nafoore ɓurnde 32 ina hollita batte bonɗe e maayde lewru wooturu ina wona hakkunde 35% e 45%. Kortikosteroid walla pentoksifiliin huutoraama e batte jillondirɗe wonande ñawɓe ɓe ɓeydagol maayde mum en hollirtee e nafoore ɓurnde 32.

Ngam hiisaade golle diisnondiral Maddrey kuutortooɗe yuɓɓooji SI, ko wayi no mikroomol e liiteer gooto, feccu teddeendi bilirubin e 17.

== Ƴeew kadi ==
Model ngam ñawu heege joofnirde

Cukalel-Pugh limre

Doggol 

== Tuugnorgal&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |vauthors=Maddrey WC, Boitnott JK, Bedine MS, Weber FL, Mezey E, White RI|title=Corticosteroid therapy of alcoholic hepatitis|journal=Gastroenterology|volume=75|issue=2|pages=193–9|year=1978|pmid=352788|doi=10.1016/0016-5085(78)90401-8|doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt; ==</text>
      <sha1>ra636v9umh2gur0mkxo7bdkok1tujus</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>HipNav</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>33990</id>
    <revision>
      <id>183504</id>
      <parentid>141070</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-20T14:23:54Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>6960</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260820sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]]</comment>
      <origin>183504</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1443" sha1="5jkesj8q8e860wqu0n38b68le3dd3db" xml:space="preserve">'''Ko HipNav''' woni laawol gadanol ngol opereeji ballitooji ordinateer ƴelliti ngam ardude e seppo ngoo e nder seppooji lomtingol hip total. Nde feewnaa ko to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Carnegie Mellon. Karallaagal paten ngal ko yamiroore yalti e Carnegie Mellon, sosɓe CASurgica, Inc. Caggal duuɓi keewɗi e etaade yeeyde HipNav, sosiyetee oo follii haa jooni. Sosɓe CASurgica caggal ɗuum sosnoo Blue Belt Technologies, Inc.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |doi=10.1016/S1048-6666(00)80036-1|title=Surgical navigation for total hip replacement with the use of hipnav|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_operative-techniques-in-orthopaedics_2000-01_10_1/page/3|journal=Operative Techniques in Orthopaedics|volume=10|issue=1|pages=3–8|year=2000|last1=Digioia|first1=Anthony M.|last2=Jaramaz|first2=Branislav|last3=Nikou|first3=Constantinos|last4=Labarca|first4=Richard S.|last5=Moody|first5=James E.|last6=Colgan|first6=Bruce D.}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |doi=10.1007/978-3-540-40899-4_126|chapter=Surgical Navigation for THR: A Report on Clinical Trial Utilizing Hip ''Nav''|title=Medical Image Computing and Computer-Assisted Intervention – MICCAI 2000|volume=1935|pages=1185–7|series=Lecture Notes in Computer Science|year=2000|last1=Levison|first1=Timothy J.|last2=Moody|first2=James E.|last3=Jaramaz|first3=Branislav|last4=Nikou|first4=Constantinos|last5=Digioia|first5=Anthony M.|isbn=978-3-540-41189-5}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tuugnorgal ==
&lt;references /&gt;</text>
      <sha1>5jkesj8q8e860wqu0n38b68le3dd3db</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Heineke–Mikulicz strictureplasty</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>33992</id>
    <revision>
      <id>183508</id>
      <parentid>141076</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-20T14:29:48Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>6960</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Add 2 books for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260820sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]]</comment>
      <origin>183508</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1975" sha1="deh0uaoc67161umn2g72i28ewkrntrv" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}'''Ko ɓuuɓri Heineke–Mikulicz''' ɓuri heewde e ɓuuɓri gaadoraaɗi. Emmanuel Lee yaltinii ndeeɗoo feere strikturplasti ngam safrude ñawu Crohn e hitaande 1976. Ko nanndi e ɗuum, ko R. N. Katariya et al. e hitaande 1977 Ngolɗoo laawol ina nanndi e piloroplasti Heineke–Mikulicz ɗo ngol heɓi innde maggol.[citation needed]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|last1=Lee EC|first1=Papaionnou N|title=Minimal surgery for chronic obstruction in patients with extensive or universal Crohn's disease|journal=Annals of the Royal College of Surgeons of England|date=1982|volume=64|issue=4|pages=229–233|pmid=7092090|pmc=2494172}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|last1=Katariya RN|first1=Sood S, Rao PG, Rao PLNG|title=Stricture-plasty for tubercular strictures of the gastro-intestinal tract|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_british-journal-of-surgery_1977-07_64_7/page/496|journal=British Journal of Surgery|date=1977|volume=64|issue=7|pages=496–498|doi=10.1002/bjs.1800640713|pmid=922310|s2cid=38573354}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Feere ndee ina moƴƴi ngam haɓaade ɓuuɓri juutndi (≤7 cm). Ndee feere waɗetee ko e waɗde taƴre juutnde e bannge antimesenterik ɓalndu, tuggi 2 cm ɓadiiɗo haa 2 cm woɗɗuɗo e stricture. Ndeen enterotomi oo uddittee ko e mbaadi gonndi e laylaytol gootol walla ɗiɗi.[citation needed]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|last1=Hurst R and Michelassi F|title=Strictureplasty for Crohn's Disease: Techniques and Long-term Results|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_world-journal-of-surgery_1998-04_22_4/page/359|journal=World Journal of Surgery|date=1998|volume=22|issue=4|pages=359–363|doi=10.1007/s002689900397|pmid=9523517|s2cid=31003228}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Strictureplasties ina peccii e pelle tati : Laabi gaadoraaɗi, hakkundeeji, e caɗtuɗi. Ko ɓuuɓri Heineke–Mikulicz ɓuri heewde e ɓuuɓri gaadoraaɗi, ɓuuɓri Finney ɓuri heewde e ɓuuɓri hakkundeeri, ɓuuɓri ɓurndi heewde caɗtundi ko ɓuuɓri Michelassi.[citation needed]

== Tuugnorgal ==
&lt;references /&gt;</text>
      <sha1>deh0uaoc67161umn2g72i28ewkrntrv</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Acromioplasty</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>33993</id>
    <revision>
      <id>183449</id>
      <parentid>141081</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-20T12:55:32Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>6960</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260820sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]]</comment>
      <origin>183449</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2055" sha1="d8mcocrq4r0hip83lqyjmgkiw7nc2lk" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}'''Akromioplasti''' ko feere seppo artroskopi, tawa ina waɗi akromiyon, woni feere ƴiye ɓalndu.

Haa teeŋti noon, ina firta ittude feccere tokosere e dow ɓalndu akromiyoŋ jokkondirndu e tendon gonɗo e ŋorol gonngol e ŋorol ngol, tawa ina addana, e ɓuuɓri, bonnude ŋorol ngol.

Laawol ngol huutoraama ngam safrude gonɗi rotator cuff e mboros impingement, hay so tawii nafoore maggol ina yeewtee.

== Tuugnorgal,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Frank|first1=Jonathan M.|last2=Chahal|first2=Jaskarndip|last3=Frank|first3=Rachel M.|last4=Cole|first4=Brian J.|last5=Verma|first5=Nikhil N.|last6=Romeo|first6=Anthony A.|title=The Role of Acromioplasty for Rotator Cuff Problems|journal=Orthopedic Clinics of North America|date=April 2014|volume=45|issue=2|pages=219–224|doi=10.1016/j.ocl.2013.12.003|pmid=24684915}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Barfield|first1=L Cole|last2=Kuhn|first2=John E|title=Arthroscopic versus Open Acromioplasty: A Systematic Review|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_clinical-orthopaedics-and-related-research_2007-02_455/page/64|journal=Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research|date=February 2007|volume=455|pages=64–71|doi=10.1097/BLO.0b013e31802f5436|pmid=17159578}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Lavignac|first1=Pierre|last2=Lacroix|first2=Paul-Maxime|last3=Billaud|first3=Anselme|title=Quantification of acromioplasty. Systematic review of the literature|journal=Orthopaedics &amp; Traumatology: Surgery &amp; Research|date=June 2021|volume=107|issue=4|article-number=102900|doi=10.1016/j.otsr.2021.102900|pmid=33771721}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Familiari|first1=Filippo|last2=Gonzalez-Zapata|first2=Alan|last3=Iannò|first3=Bruno|last4=Galasso|first4=Olimpio|last5=Gasparini|first5=Giorgio|last6=McFarland|first6=Edward G.|title=Is acromioplasty necessary in the setting of full-thickness rotator cuff tears? A systematic review|journal=Journal of Orthopaedics and Traumatology|date=September 2015|volume=16|issue=3|pages=167–174|doi=10.1007/s10195-015-0353-z|pmid=26003837|pmc=4559548}}&lt;/ref&gt; ==</text>
      <sha1>d8mcocrq4r0hip83lqyjmgkiw7nc2lk</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Hill repair</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>33994</id>
    <revision>
      <id>183451</id>
      <parentid>141083</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-20T12:58:25Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>6960</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260820sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]]</comment>
      <origin>183451</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="690" sha1="ogfcm7a4750qoigbn515ugaoyd455qs" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}'''Feewnitde Hill''' ko feere haɓaade ɓuuɓri asid. Ina nanndi e fundoplikaasiyoŋ Nissen.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|doi=10.1016/0002-9610(94)90254-2|journal=Am J Surg|date=May 1994|volume=167|issue=5|pages=542–546|title=Early results with the laparoscopic Hill repair|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_american-journal-of-surgery_1994-05_167_5/page/542|author1=R. W. Aye|author2=L. D. Hill|author3=S. J. Kraemer|author4=P. Snopkowski P.|pmid=8185045}}&lt;/ref&gt; Hay so tawii ina famɗi no feewi sabu caɗeele ɓurɗe mawnude, wiɗtooji ina kollita ko nanndi e ɗuum. Ko famɗi fof ko e nder Pasifik worgo-fuɗnaange tan ɗum waɗata.[citation needed]

== Tuugnorgal ==
&lt;references /&gt;</text>
      <sha1>ogfcm7a4750qoigbn515ugaoyd455qs</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Bone cutter</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>33998</id>
    <revision>
      <id>183443</id>
      <parentid>141226</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-20T12:46:21Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>6960</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260820sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]]</comment>
      <origin>183443</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2927" sha1="e96hi1iqbkgsbngw1nbjktsky3alhlx" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}'''Taƴoowo ƴiye''' ko kuutorgal seppo ngam taƴde walla ittude ƴiye. Gaagaa seppooji, eɗe kuutoree kadi e forensik e diƴƴe.

Nokkuuji taƴooɓe ƴiye safaara ina njeyaa heen :

Unpowered – Kuutorɗe taƴgol ƴiye ɗe ngalaa doole ina mbaɗi mbaydiiji hacksaw. E nder kuutorɗe keewɗe, sawru nduu huutortee ko e jiggooji keertiiɗi ngam waɗde taƴe laaɓtuɗe, fotde, e.g. e nder opereeji koppi. Sawruuji keertiiɗi ko wayi no sawru Gigli, kaɓirgal baɗaangal e ƴiye ɓutte, ina kuutoree kadi e won e laabi.

Reciprocating – Ko heewi ko oscillation rotary baawɗo huutoreede e kuutorgal taƴoowo keeriiɗo ngam rokkude taƴe ɓutte ɗe mbaawi jogaade doole e nder ƴiye, ngam kuutoragol, gila e taƴgol ɓalndu haa e taƴgol ƴiye. Sawru sternal ko taƴoowo ƴiye gonɗo e mbaydi mbaylaandi..&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20200723152800/https://si.wpiinc.com/surgical-instruments/bone-instruments/bone-cutters-rongeurs Bone cutters and rongeurs] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200723152800/https://si.wpiinc.com/surgical-instruments/bone-instruments/bone-cutters-rongeurs|date=23 July 2020}}  at WPI Surgical Instruments&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Neelima Anil Malik. Textbook of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery. (2012) - 1044 pag. {{ISBN|9350259389}}, {{ISBN|9789350259382}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Sonic (walla taƴgol sonndu) – Taƴoowo sonndu oo ina jarriboo haa jooni, kono ko ɓuri teeŋtude e mum ko huutoraade sonndu toowndu, toowndu ngam ittude huunde (e nder haala kaa ƴiye), rokka mbaawka taƴde. Won e taƴooɓe sonic tissue ina peewnee.

Costotome – Costotome ko taƴoowo ƴiye keeriiɗo kuutorteeɗo ngam heɓde naatde e ɓuuɓri ɓalndu. Ina waɗi leppi ɗiɗi ; gadano oo ina nannga ƴiyal, ɗiɗaɓo oo ina taƴa ƴiyal.

&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |pmid=14027806|volume=53|title=Sternal saw--new instrument for splitting the sternum|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_surgery_1963-05_53_5/page/637|year=1963|author=Diethrich EB, Morris JD|journal=Surgery|pages=637–8}}&lt;/ref&gt;

* Sonic (or sound cutting) – The sonic cutter is still experimental, but its primary focus is to use high frequency, high amplitude sound to remove material (in this case bone), providing the ability to cut. Some tissue sonic cutters are being produced.
* [[Costotome]] – A costotome is a specialised rib cutter used to gain access to the thoracic cavity. It has two levers; the first one to be operated grasps the rib, and the second one cuts the rib.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://samhs.org.au/Virtual%20Museum/Surgery/costotome/costotome.html|title=Rib Cutter: Costotome|accessdate=16 March 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|last=Kapur|first=MM|title=Introduction to Surgical Instruments and Procedures|date=January 1, 2008|publisher=Elsevier India|isbn=9788131216064|pages=15–16|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8cfx7ns5VCIC}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ƴeew kadi ==
Kuutorɗe kuutorteeɗe e seppooji kuuɓtodinɗi

== Tuugnorgal ==</text>
      <sha1>e96hi1iqbkgsbngw1nbjktsky3alhlx</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Galeazzi test</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>34006</id>
    <revision>
      <id>183477</id>
      <parentid>141123</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-20T13:34:24Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>6960</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260820sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]]</comment>
      <origin>183477</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="731" sha1="i1ucpuyh69s22nrwsiurfyfmykfeljr" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}'''Test Galeazzi, ganndiraaɗo kadi maande Allis, huutortee''' ko ngam ƴeewde so tawii ko ɓuuɓri hippoode, ko adii fof ngam ƴeewde so tawii ko ɓuuɓri hippoode ƴellitaare. Ko ɗum waɗetee e ɓuuɓnude koppi cukalel so ina lelna, haa koyɗe memoo dow, koyɗe memoo ɓuuɓri. So tawii koppi ɗii njuumtaani, jarribo ngoo ina moƴƴi, ina hollita wonde ina waawi wonde mboros hippoode jibinannde.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|last1=Storer|first1=SK|last2=Skaggs|first2=DL|title=Developmental dysplasia of the hip.|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_american-family-physician_2006-10-15_74_8/page/1310|journal=American Family Physician|date=Oct 15, 2006|volume=74|issue=8|pages=1310–6|pmid=17087424}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tuugnorgal ==</text>
      <sha1>i1ucpuyh69s22nrwsiurfyfmykfeljr</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Hip prosthesis zones</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>34017</id>
    <revision>
      <id>183467</id>
      <parentid>181136</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-20T13:17:58Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>6960</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260820sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]]</comment>
      <origin>183467</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1656" sha1="8uhc8o5lldtmnimebhukn4q8lu65dp5" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}'''Caggal lomtingol hippoode''', nokkuuji poroteyiin hippoode ko nokkuuji gonɗi e nder jokkondire hakkunde huunde poroteyiin e ƴiye taariiɗe ɗum. Ɗee kuutortee ko no diiwanuuji tuugnorgal so ina cifa yeru caɗeele ina heen loowdi hip prosthesis e dow natal safaara. Konngol caggal opereeji caggal opereeji lomtingol hippoode ina waɗee no feewi e radiyoo (radiographie) e nder yiyngooji anteroposterior e lateral.&lt;ref name=&quot;Callaghan20072&quot;&gt;[https://books.google.com/books?id=-fwULYB1gJIC&amp;pg=PA958 Page 958] in {{cite book|title=The Adult Hip, Volume 1|url=https://archive.org/details/adulthip0000unse|author=John J. Callaghan, Aaron G. Rosenberg, Harry E. Rubash|publisher=Lippincott Williams &amp; Wilkins|year=2007|isbn=9780781750929}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== DeLee e Charnley ==
Siistem DeLee e Charnley ina huutoree e kopporeeje asetabular e dow radiyoo-ɓaawoore. Ina fecca asetabulum oo e nokkuuji tati potɗi mawnude.&lt;ref name=&quot;Callaghan2007&quot; /&gt;.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|last1=Neumann|first1=Daniel R.P.|last2=Thaler|first2=Christoph|last3=Hitzl|first3=Wolfgang|last4=Huber|first4=Monika|last5=Hofstädter|first5=Thomas|last6=Dorn|first6=Ulrich|title=Long-Term Results of a Contemporary Metal-on-Metal Total Hip Arthroplasty|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-arthroplasty_2010-08_25_5/page/700|journal=The Journal of Arthroplasty|volume=25|issue=5|year=2010|pages=700–708|issn=0883-5403|doi=10.1016/j.arth.2009.05.018|pmid=19596544}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Gruen ==
Zoneeji Gruen ko feere peccitagol hakkunde ƴiyal e ƴiye gonɗe e ɓalndu.

== Sifaa Zone ==
I Trokanter mawɗo

II

III

IV Distal haa tip

V

VI

VII Trokanter tokooso

== Tuugnorgal ==</text>
      <sha1>8uhc8o5lldtmnimebhukn4q8lu65dp5</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Mirel's score</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>34032</id>
    <revision>
      <id>183458</id>
      <parentid>141237</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-20T13:08:47Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>6960</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260820sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]]</comment>
      <origin>183458</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1375" sha1="p13b4qqbr0qjsxvrpkc56xqjddo86fr" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}'''Njoɓdi Mirels''' ko kuutorgal nafoowal e njuɓɓudi mborosaaji ƴiye, e anndude ɓeen ñawɓe ɓe mbaawata naftoraade fiɓnde (fixation prophylactique) so tawii ina njogii caɗeele keewɗe no feewi e mborosaaji patoloji.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |pmid=2684463|year=1989|last1=Mirels|first1=Hilton|title=Metastatic disease in long bones. A proposed scoring system for diagnosing impending pathologic fractures|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_clinical-orthopaedics-and-related-research_1989-12_249/page/256|journal=Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research|volume=249|issue=249|pages=256–64|doi=10.1097/00003086-198912000-00027}} Republished as: {{cite journal |doi=10.1097/01.blo.0000093045.56370.dd|pmid=14600587|title=The Classic: Metastatic Disease in Long Bones a Proposed Scoring System for Diagnosing Impending Pathologic Fractures|journal=Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research|volume=415|issue=415 Suppl|pages=S4–13|year=2003|last1=Mirels|first1=Hilton|s2cid=43255503}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Toɓɓere ==
Toɓɓere 1 haa 3 ina rokketee e sifaaji nay, ina kawree. Toɓɓere ɓurnde 8 ina hollita fiɓnde ndernderiire (prophylaxie) hade irradiation.

== Njoɓdi teskuyaaji ==
1 2 3

Nokku Terɗe toowɗe Terɗe lesɗe Peritrokanterik

Naafigaagal Moƴƴi Hakkunde Golle

Lesion Blastik Jillondirɗo Litik

Njaajeendi &lt;1⁄3 1⁄3-2⁄3 &gt;2⁄3

== Tuugnorgal ==</text>
      <sha1>p13b4qqbr0qjsxvrpkc56xqjddo86fr</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Bronchomoniliasis</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>34635</id>
    <revision>
      <id>183493</id>
      <parentid>145912</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-20T14:07:05Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>6960</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260820sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]]</comment>
      <origin>183493</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2284" sha1="cyfduhrpwkfmccwwa0gmzb6o2a62ur4" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}

Bronkomoniliyaas ko ñawu nguu ina addana neɗɗo ñawu nguu, ngu Candida albicans walla mboros goɗɗo e nder mbaydi Candida saabotoo. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Fungal Infection of the Bronchi and Lungs|url=https://ontosight.ai/glossary/term/fungal-infection-of-the-bronchi-and-lungs--67a1ad9c6c3593987a5a0270|access-date=2025-03-30|website=Ontosight.ai|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Joekes-1923&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Joekes|first1=Th|last2=Simpson|first2=R. H.|date=1923-07-21|title=Bronchomoniliasis|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_the-lancet_1923-07-21_2_3/page/108|journal=[[The Lancet]]|language=en-GB|volume=202|issue=5212|pages=108–111|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(01)37809-1}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Medical Definition of Bronchomoniliasis|url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/medical/bronchomoniliasis|access-date=2025-03-30|work=Merriam-Webster Medical Dictionary \|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Wylie-1944&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=WYLIE|first1=Paul E.|last2=DeBLASE|first2=Joseph A.|date=1944-06-17|title=Bronchopulmonary Moniliasis|url=https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/article-abstract/268847|journal=[[Journal of the American Medical Association]]|volume=125|issue=7|pages=463–465|doi=10.1001/jama.1944.02850250003002|url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Kim-2019&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Kim|first1=Taeyun|last2=Jeon|first2=Yohan|last3=Choi|first3=Hyunji|last4=Lee|first4=Jin Young|last5=Kim|first5=Jehun|date=2019-06-28|title=Endobronchial fungal infection caused by Candida albicans with main bronchus obstruction: a case report|journal=Oxford Medical Case Reports|volume=2019|issue=6|article-number=omz055|doi=10.1093/omcr/omz055|pmc=6600126|pmid=31281663}}&lt;/ref&gt;Infection ɓuri yiyeede ko e ñawɓe ɓe cellal mum en ŋakkiraa walla e ɓe keɓata toppitagol tiiɗngol.&lt;ref name=&quot;Kim-20192&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Kim|first1=Taeyun|last2=Jeon|first2=Yohan|last3=Choi|first3=Hyunji|last4=Lee|first4=Jin Young|last5=Kim|first5=Jehun|date=2019-06-28|title=Endobronchial fungal infection caused by Candida albicans with main bronchus obstruction: a case report|journal=Oxford Medical Case Reports|volume=2019|issue=6|article-number=omz055|doi=10.1093/omcr/omz055|pmc=6600126|pmid=31281663}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ƴeew kadi ==

* Kandidiyaasi

== Tuugnorgal ==</text>
      <sha1>cyfduhrpwkfmccwwa0gmzb6o2a62ur4</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Oshunmare</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>34890</id>
    <revision>
      <id>183480</id>
      <parentid>146775</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-20T13:37:44Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>6960</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260820sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]]</comment>
      <origin>183480</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1089" sha1="0jsiqtc4enf04wyasmlruejpxdl5rlh" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}'''Oshunmare''' (walla Oshumare; anndiraa Ochumaré walla Oxumaré to Amerik Latin) ko Orisha. Oshumare woni ruuhu mboodi diinaajo lewru, nden &quot;Òṣùmàrè&quot; ɗon nufa kadi &quot;ɓuuɓri&quot; nder ɗemngal Yoruba.&lt;ref name=&quot;jstor&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|doi=10.2307/3337060|jstor=3337060|title=Chance Encounters, Ironic Collage|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_african-arts_1992-04_25_2/page/54|author=Allen F. Roberts|journal=African Arts|volume=25|issue=2|date=April 1992|pages=54–63, 97–98}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|title=Black theatre: ritual performance in the African diaspora|author=Paul Carter Harrison|author2=Gus Edwards|year=2002|publisher=Temple University Press|isbn=978-1-56639-944-9|page=418|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5xpIgr7f070C&amp;pg=PA153|access-date=2010-04-27}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|title=Our mothers, our powers, our texts: manifestations of Àjé in Africana literature|first=Teresa N.|last=Washington|date=2015|publisher=Oya's Tornado|isbn=978-0-9910730-5-4}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ƴeew kadi ==

== Aido Wedo ==
Doggol laamɓe Yoruba

== Shango ==

== Tuugnorgal ==</text>
      <sha1>0jsiqtc4enf04wyasmlruejpxdl5rlh</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Motikitik</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>35171</id>
    <revision>
      <id>183518</id>
      <parentid>162955</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-20T14:40:45Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>6960</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260820sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]]</comment>
      <origin>183518</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="684" sha1="g78a94znqz3pnh3nyg3era4bdtd1ynk" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}'''Motikitik''' ko jaambaaro miijooji, lolluɗo e golle mum liɗɗi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.mythencyclopedia.com/Mi-Ni/Micronesian-Mythology.html|title=Micronesian Mythology - Myth Encyclopedia - god, story, tree, famous, animal, creation, hero, people, children}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Lessa|first=William A.|year=1966|title=&quot;Discoverer-of-the-Sun&quot;: Mythology as a Reflection of Culture|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-american-folklore_january-march-1966_79_311/page/3|journal=The Journal of American Folklore|volume=79|issue=311|pages=3–51|doi=10.2307/537490|jstor=537490}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tuugnorgal ==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Miijooji Ocean]]</text>
      <sha1>g78a94znqz3pnh3nyg3era4bdtd1ynk</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>African aesthetic</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>35249</id>
    <revision>
      <id>183454</id>
      <parentid>148071</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-20T13:01:30Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>6960</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260820sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]]</comment>
      <origin>183454</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3704" sha1="ncq97y6wcau61dvux1juubgysuee0vd" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}'''Estetik Afrik''' ina hawra e kuule rennduɗe e ŋarɗugol, e baylagol naalankaagal, e pinal jiytinirgal peeñngal e nder renndooji e renndooji Afrik ceertuɗi. Ko waawi heen wonde fof e nokkuuji keewɗi e nder duunde Afrik e keewal leƴƴi mum, annduɓe ɓee ina teskii geɗe goote e no pine Afrik ceertuɗe ɓamtortoo naalankaagal, diisnondiral, e tolnooji njiylawu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last1=Adams|first1=M.|year=1989|title=African visual arts from an art historical perspective|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_african-studies-review_1989-09_32_2/page/55|journal=African Studies Review|volume=32|issue=2|pages=55–103|doi=10.2307/523970|jstor=523970|s2cid=145648008}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ɗee ɗoo nafooje estetik rennduɗe ina peeña e aadaaji naalankaagal, e golle kewuuji, e mbayliigaaji neɗɗo, e mbaadiiji mahdi, ina mbaɗa ko wiɗtooɓe ɓee mbiyata ko mbaydi estetik Afriknaaɓe jokkondirndi, ndi ɓurata keeri pinal neɗɗo gooto, tawa ina hormii ceertugol nokkuuji ɗii.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|last=Welsh-Asante|first=Kariamu|title=The African Aesthetic: Keeper of the Traditions (Contributions in Afro- and African-American Studies)|publisher=Greenwood Press|year=1993|isbn=978-0-313-26549-5|page=280}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Wodi ==
Winndannde mawnde: Cool (estetik)

E nder Naalankaagal Afrik e nder Dille, ganndo naalankaagal Afriknaajo, jannginoowo to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Yale, hono Robert Farris Thompson, ƴetti hakkille mum e coofgol e nder ngonkaaji Afrik e Afriknaaɓe-Ameriknaaɓe fof :

Hakkille mawɗo e nder ɓanndu suka ina sikkaa ko aada Afriknaajo teskinɗo, hono yimde &quot;hot&quot; e yeeso &quot;cool&quot; mo ɓuuɓnataa. Ndee ɗoo sifaa ina wayi no hawri e Ten Rhyne to Cape e hitaande 1673, nde yani e miijo ƴeewoowo adanɗo e jimɗi Afriknaaɓe tiiɗɗi to Louisiana e fuɗɗoode teeminannde sappo e jeenay, mo teskiima &quot;ekstaasi ɓuuɓɗo&quot; e &quot;solemnity tiiɗɗo mien&quot;. Mask cool, walla serenity yeeso, teskaama e nokkuuji keewɗi e daartol Afro-Amerik :

Ina haawnii wonde ko heddii e doosgal ruuhuyankeewal e nder won e nokkuuji Afrik e geɗe keewɗe ɗe Afriknaaɓe njiimi e nder U.S.A. hannde oo, ko wayi no tidewater Georgia, wonta e nder pinal wuro Afrik-Ameriknaaɓe mawngal, huunde e jikkuuji laabi hannde ɗii :

Sukaaɓe ɓaleeɓe...ina njogii laawol yahdu 'cool' ngol ɓalndu toowndu e pelɓondiral ina kaaƴa yeeso e caggal tawa hoore ina heddii e darnde gite ina ndaara yeeso. Yahdu nduu ina leeltina no feewi, Negro en ina ƴetta ɗum no 'strutting' walla 'showing off' nii....

Nokku cooyɗo yahdu gorko e nder leyɗeele dentuɗe Amerik ina wiyee bopping ... Cooyngal miskineeɓe e nder Afrik wayliima e nder gure Afriknaaɓe-Ameriknaaɓe wiyde ina njogii doole jeytaare. Kono golle ɗee, ngam sellinde e mooftude doole, feccere ina keddii. Kadi innde cooynde [kule], ina heddii. Kadi ɓanndu nduu ina fijira haa jooni e mbaadiiji ɗiɗi, heen gooto ina darii, goɗɗo o ina golla, heen feccere ko semmbe, heen feccere ko hakkille.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|last=Welsh-Asante|first=Kariamu|title=The African Aesthetic: Keeper of the Traditions (Contributions in Afro- and African-American Studies)|publisher=Greenwood Press|year=1993|isbn=978-0-313-26549-5|page=280}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|last=Welsh-Asante|first=Kariamu|title=The African Aesthetic: Keeper of the Traditions (Contributions in Afro- and African-American Studies)|publisher=Greenwood Press|year=1993|isbn=978-0-313-26549-5|page=280}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|last=Welsh-Asante|first=Kariamu|title=The African Aesthetic: Keeper of the Traditions (Contributions in Afro- and African-American Studies)|publisher=Greenwood Press|year=1993|isbn=978-0-313-26549-5|page=280}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ƴeew kadi ==

* Jippaa
* Itutu

== Tuugnorgal ==</text>
      <sha1>ncq97y6wcau61dvux1juubgysuee0vd</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Anguta</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>35704</id>
    <revision>
      <id>183411</id>
      <parentid>162956</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-20T11:59:11Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>6960</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260820sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]]</comment>
      <origin>183411</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2477" sha1="6p1y6htchl7if41tpynv166vl494jez" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}'''Anguta''' (ina wiyee kadi &quot;Baaba makko&quot;, Anigut, walla Aguta) ko baaba mum laamɗo maayo Sedna e nder diine Inuit en.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|last1=Turner|first1=Frederick|title=Bloody Columbus: Restoration and the Transvaluation of Shame into Beauty|journal=Restoration and Management Notes|date=Summer 1992|volume=10|issue=1|pages=70–74|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/43439976|publisher=University of Wisconsin Press|jstor=43439976}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Jonde ==
E nder won e miijooji Inuit en Greenland, Anguta ina hiisee wonde laamɗo tagɗo, ko kañum woni tagoore ɓurnde toowde e nder Inuit en. E nder miijooji goɗɗi, Anguta ko maayɗo tan. Ko o laamɗo maayɓe e won e taali.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|last1=Leeming|first1=David|title=Tales of the Earth: Native North American Creation Mythology|date=2021|publisher=Reaktion Books|isbn=9781789145007}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Wardle&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|last1=Falkner|first1=David E.|editor1-last=Hubbell|editor1-first=Gerald R.|title=The Mythology of the Night Sky|date=2020|publisher=Springer|isbn=978-3-030-47693-9|page=184}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Inde
Innde makko, firti ko « gorko jogiiɗo ko taƴata », ina firta ko o taƴata ɓiyiiko debbo ko ɗum addani mo wonde laamɗo, golle ɗe o waɗi e nder miijooji ɗiɗi ɗii kala.&lt;ref name=&quot;Wardle2&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|last1=Wardle|first1=H. Newell|title=The Sedna Cycle: A Study in Myth Evolution|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_american-anthropologist_1900-07_2_3/page/568|journal=American Anthropologist|date=1900|volume=2|issue=3|pages=568–580|publisher=American Anthropological Association|doi=10.1525/aa.1900.2.3.02a00100|jstor=658969|doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|last1=McMahon-Coleman|first1=Kimberley|title=Dreaming an Identity between Two Cultures: The Works of Alootook Ipellie|journal=Kunapipi|date=2006|volume=28|issue=1|page=120|url=https://ro.uow.edu.au/kunapipi/vol28/iss1/12}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Kugal ==
Anguta ko psychopomp, jolnuɗo ruuhuuji ummoraade e leydi wuurɓe haa les, ina wiyee Adlivun, ɗo ɓiyiiko debbo laamii. Ɗeen yontaaji ina poti ndeen ɗaanaade sara makko fotde hitaande hade mum en yahde Qudlivun (&quot;ɓe ngoni dow men&quot;), ɗo ɓe keɓata weltaare duumiinde.E nder won e mbaydiiji taali, ko yontaaji ɗi ngalaa fotde tan poti jooɗaade e Anguta e nder leydi maayɓe. E nder ɗeen miijooji, omo pinna maayɓe ngam torlaade ɗum en.

== Ƴeew kadi ==
Pinga, psikopomp goɗɗo e nder daartol Inuit

== Tuugnorgal ==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Miijooji Inuit]]</text>
      <sha1>6p1y6htchl7if41tpynv166vl494jez</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Itutu</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>35825</id>
    <revision>
      <id>183455</id>
      <parentid>149772</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-20T13:04:12Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>6960</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Add 6 books for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260820sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]]</comment>
      <origin>183455</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2474" sha1="8k7a0ksrvvgh51yueg106h9myqvbbbf" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}'''Itutu''', konngol Yoruba ngol firtata ko &quot;cool&quot;, ngol Yoruba en kuutorii ngol, ko ɓuri jooni ngol daartiyankooɓe naalankaagal Afriknaaɓe kuutoriima ngam siftinde estetik mo Yoruba en heewɓe e won e naalankaagal Afriknaaɓe-Ameriknaaɓe kuutortoo. Estetik Itutu ina waɗi peeñgol ŋarɗugol ɓanndu walla jokkere enɗam tawa ina jogii yeeso lesɗikiniiɗo, deeƴɗo, mooftuɗo tawa ina tawee e seppooji Yoruba keewɗi. Robert Farris Thompson mo duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Yale hollitii wonde Itutu ko iwdi miijo Ameriknaajo « cooyngal ». Winndannde makko 1973 &quot;An Aesthetic of the Cool&quot; ina rewi miijo Itutu gila e Yoruba en haa e pine Afrik keewɗe goɗɗe, haa e Amerik, ɗo iwdi Afriknaaɓe ndartini nafoore wonde &quot;cool&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|last1=Thompson|first1=Robert Farris|title=An Aesthetic of the Cool|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_african-arts_autumn-1973_7_1/page/41|journal=African Arts|date=1 January 1973|volume=7|issue=1|pages=41–91|doi=10.2307/3334749|jstor=3334749}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|last1=Thompson|first1=Robert Farris|title=An Aesthetic of the Cool|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_african-arts_autumn-1973_7_1/page/41|journal=African Arts|date=1 January 1973|volume=7|issue=1|pages=41–91|doi=10.2307/3334749|jstor=3334749}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|last1=Thompson|first1=Robert Farris|title=An Aesthetic of the Cool|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_african-arts_autumn-1973_7_1/page/41|journal=African Arts|date=1 January 1973|volume=7|issue=1|pages=41–91|doi=10.2307/3334749|jstor=3334749}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|last1=Thompson|first1=Robert Farris|title=An Aesthetic of the Cool|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_african-arts_autumn-1973_7_1/page/41|journal=African Arts|date=1 January 1973|volume=7|issue=1|pages=41–91|doi=10.2307/3334749|jstor=3334749}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|last1=Thompson|first1=Robert Farris|title=An Aesthetic of the Cool|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_african-arts_autumn-1973_7_1/page/41|journal=African Arts|date=1 January 1973|volume=7|issue=1|pages=41–91|doi=10.2307/3334749|jstor=3334749}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|last1=Thompson|first1=Robert Farris|title=An Aesthetic of the Cool|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_african-arts_autumn-1973_7_1/page/41|journal=African Arts|date=1 January 1973|volume=7|issue=1|pages=41–91|doi=10.2307/3334749|jstor=3334749}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ƴeew kadi ==

* Aṣ
* Ɓooygol
* Wu wei - ko nanndi e estetik Sinuwaa

== Tuugnorgal ==</text>
      <sha1>8k7a0ksrvvgh51yueg106h9myqvbbbf</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>A Portrait of Marginality</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>35862</id>
    <revision>
      <id>183436</id>
      <parentid>151636</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-20T12:36:18Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>6960</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Add 3 books for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260820sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]]</comment>
      <origin>183436</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3011" sha1="3jkclhywet5jibp4cp501tiipfgeqjz" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}'''Natal marginaal''' ko deftere nde Marianne Githens e Jewel Prestage mbinndi e hitaande 1977, ko fayti e jikkuuji politik rewɓe [[Amerik]]. Ko antoloji 22 binndanɗe kollitooje naatgol rewɓe walla ŋakkeende mum e politik [[Amerik]]. Ina heen taƴre teeŋtunde e rewɓe afriknaaɓe Ameriknaaɓe e nder politik.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Ward|first=Kathryn|date=1978|title=Review of A Portrait of Marginality: The Political Behavior of the American Women|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_contemporary-sociology_1978-09_7_5/page/668|journal=Contemporary Sociology|volume=7|issue=5|pages=668|doi=10.2307/2065104|jstor=2065104}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Jaɓɓugo ==
Deftere ndee hawri e jaɓɓagol moƴƴol. Rewindaade e nder ''Contemporary Sociology'' timminii wonde deftere ndee &quot;ina rokka ɓeydaare haaju e binndol &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Kincaid|first=Diane D.|date=1978|title=Review of A Portrait of Marginality, the Political Behavior of the American Woman|journal=The Western Political Quarterly|volume=31|issue=4|pages=570|doi=10.2307/447241|jstor=447241}}&lt;/ref&gt; dow debbo politik.&quot;

Diane Kincaid mo ''Western Political Quarterly'' winndi wonde deftere ndee “ina darii no feewi ngam hollirde waylo-waylo ummoraade e sifaaji e yamiroore haa e baylagol empirik e ƴellitaare miijo.” Kincaid ɓeydi heen wonde taƴre rewɓe Afriknaaɓe Ameriknaaɓe&quot; ina waawi luulndaade no feewi ko feewti e &quot;rewɓe ɓaleeɓe&quot; e nder &quot;rewɓe fof&quot; e nder fedde jikkuuji politik.

Jane S. Jaquette mo ''Occidental College'' noddi deftere nde &quot;ɓeydaare welnde e binndol seeɗa ngol fannu oo&quot;, o joofniri wonde ko &quot;antolooji baɗɗi faayiida&quot;.

Toɓɓere ndee ƴeewtaama e nder golle renndo, e jaaynde ganndal politik [[Kanada|Kanadaa]], e Politik.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Means|first=Ingunn Norderval|date=1979|title=Review of Women: Roles and Status in Eight Countries; A Portrait of Marginality: The Political Behavior of the American Woman|journal=Canadian Journal of Political Science|volume=12|issue=2|pages=402–404|doi=10.1017/S0008423900048253|jstor=3230143}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Hannigan|first=Janet|date=1980|editor-last=Binkin|editor-first=Martin|editor2-last=Bach|editor2-first=Shirley J.|editor3-last=Freeman|editor3-first=Jo|editor4-last=Githens|editor4-first=Marianne|editor4-link=Marianne Githens|editor5-last=Prestage|editor5-first=Jewel L.|editor5-link=Jewel Prestage|editor6-last=Kelly|editor6-first=Rita Mae|editor-link6=Rita Mae Kelly|editor7-last=Boutilier|editor7-first=Mary|title=Feminism &amp; Political Theory|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_polity_summer-1980_12_4/page/691|journal=Polity|volume=12|issue=4|pages=691–696|doi=10.2307/3234307|jstor=3234307|s2cid=211177861}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|date=1978|title=Review of A Portrait of Marginality: The Political Behavior of the American Woman|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_social-work_1978-09_23_5/page/429|jstor=23713849|journal=[[Social Work (journal)|Social Work]]|volume=23|issue=5|pages=429}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tuugnorgal ==</text>
      <sha1>3jkclhywet5jibp4cp501tiipfgeqjz</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Coming to Power</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>36009</id>
    <revision>
      <id>183490</id>
      <parentid>150850</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-20T13:51:34Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>6960</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260820sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]]</comment>
      <origin>183490</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1471" sha1="6r16bn7rxrk2b4sjw7r4a5iiub8svyx" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}'''Arde e laamu: Binndi''' e nate dow S/M lesbiyen ko deftere 1981 nde terɗe fedde S/M lesbiyen feministe Samois njuɓɓini. Ko antoloji binndi lesbiyen S/M.Ko golle sosɗe dille lesbiyen BDSM..&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|last=Moser|first=Charles|author2=Levitt, Eugene E.|title=An exploratory-descriptive study of a sadomasochistically oriented sample|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-sex-research_1987-08_23_3/page/322|journal=Journal of Sex Research|date=1 August 1987|volume=23|issue=3|pages=322–337|doi=10.1080/00224498709551370}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Nde yaawi yaltude e binndol, nde yettii yimɓe winndere ndee kala e hitaande rewtunde nde nde Alyson ''Publications'' yaltini nde. Deftere nde ina wayla daartol juutngol e wasiyaaji jowitiiɗi e karallaagal, ko ɗum woni ko defte BDSM goɗɗe ceertuɗe kuutortoo gila ndeen.&lt;ref name=&quot;osullivan&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|last=O'Sullivan|first=Sue|title=What a Difference a Decade Makes: &quot;Coming to Power&quot; and &quot;The Second Coming&quot;|journal=Feminist Review|date=Spring 1999|volume=61|issue=61|pages=97–126|doi=10.1080/014177899339324|jstor=1395576|s2cid=144760928}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;osullivan&quot; /&gt;

Ko jokki e « Gargol ɗiɗaɓol : Jannguɗo Leɗɗe » yalti e hitaande 1996, ko Pat Califia e Robin Sweeney njuɓɓini ɗum.

Heewɓe e winndooɓe ''Coming to Power'' ina ciftora sadomasokism ko mbaydi erotisme.

Ina siforee e ''Coming on Strong'': Politik e pinal gaynaako ina waɗi erotikaaji lesbiyen.

== Tuugnorgal ==</text>
      <sha1>6r16bn7rxrk2b4sjw7r4a5iiub8svyx</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Changing of the Gods</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>36010</id>
    <revision>
      <id>183472</id>
      <parentid>150536</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-20T13:26:23Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>6960</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Add 2 books for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260820sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]]</comment>
      <origin>183472</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1328" sha1="mm7up6ywqgf309beikh32c0lf1jizfr" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}'''Waylude laamɓe: Feminism e joofgol diineeji gaadanteeji''' ko deftere nde wonaa firo, nde ganndo hakkille diineeji e ganndo diineeji rewɓe biyeteeɗo Naomi Goldenberg winndi. Ko miijo rewɓe e diineeji gaadanteeji ɗi worɓe ɓuri heewde. Deftere nde ina luulndii neɗɗaagal baabiraaɓe, ina rokka laawol feminism diine.&lt;ref name=&quot;NYT&quot;&gt;{{cite web|work=[[The New York Times]]|title=The Uses of Gender|author=Dinnerstein, Dorothy|date=July 29, 1979|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1979/07/29/archives/the-uses-of-gender-women.html}}

- {{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1982/04/11/books/is-god-a-feminist.html|date=April 11, 1982|author=Silk, Mark|title=Is God A Feminist?|work=The New York Times}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Dennis|first=Elise C.|date=1979|title=Changing of the Gods (Book Review)|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_library-journal_1979-07_104_13/page/1468|journal=[[Library Journal]]|language=en-US|volume=104|issue=13|pages=1468–1468|issn=0363-0277}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Stiegman|first=Emero|date=1980-05-01|title=Religion|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_university-of-toronto-quarterly_summer-1980_49_4/page/n227|journal=[[University of Toronto Quarterly]]|language=en-CA|volume=49|issue=4|pages=506–523|doi=10.3138/utq.49.4.506|issn=0042-0247}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tuugnorgal ==</text>
      <sha1>mm7up6ywqgf309beikh32c0lf1jizfr</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Patricia Akhimie</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>36037</id>
    <revision>
      <id>183412</id>
      <parentid>150802</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-20T11:59:59Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>6960</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260820sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]]</comment>
      <origin>183412</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="5607" sha1="inv4gxsw8t49wk5r25qe5h3njn9csrr" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}

'''Patricia Akhimie''' ko porfeseer gardiiɗo duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Rutgers, ganndiraaɗo golle mum e binndol yah-ngartaa rewɓe ɓooyɓe e binndol Shakespeare..&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Akhimie, Patricia {{!}} Department of English Rutgers University-Newark|url=https://ncas.rutgers.edu/about-us/faculty-staff/patricia-akhimie|website=ncas.rutgers.edu/academics-admissions/academic-departments/english}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Goodwin|first=Jeremy D.|date=2021-06-10|title=St. Louis Shakespeare Festival's African 'King Lear' Is Fresh Take On Revered Playwright|url=https://news.stlpublicradio.org/arts/2021-06-10/st-louis-shakespeare-festivals-african-king-lear-is-fresh-take-on-revered-playwright|access-date=2022-12-17|website=STLPR|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=28 Nov 2022|title=Appointments|pages=A.15|work=The Washington Post; Washington, D.C.|id={{ProQuest| }}}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Jaŋde e golle ==
Akhimie ina jogii B.A. ummoraade e duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Princeton (2000), o heɓi M.F.A. ummoraade e duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Michigan (2002), heɓi M.A. (2011) to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde [[Kolommbiya|Kolommbi]]. Akhimie woniino ganndo-hoɗorde ngam ñalɗi Shakespeare St. Tuggi hitaande 2022, ko o jannginoowo to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Rutgers to fannuuji Engele, jaŋde rewɓe e jinnaaɓe, o toɗɗaa kadi gardiiɗo duɗal Folger Institute e lewru noowammbar 2022.

&lt;ref&gt;Reviews for ''Shakespeare and the Cultivation of Difference''
* {{Cite journal|last=Laudadio|first=Daniele|date=2018|title=Review of Shakespeare and the Cultivation of Difference: Race and Conduct in the Early Modern World|journal=Renaissance and Reformation / Renaissance et Réforme|volume=41|issue=4|pages=193–195|doi=10.7202/1061924ar|jstor=26644074|issn=0034-429X|doi-access=free}}
* {{Cite web|title=Shakespeare and the Cultivation of Difference: Race and Conduct in the Early Modern World|url=https://www.routledge.com/Shakespeare-and-the-Cultivation-of-Difference-Race-and-Conduct-in-the-Early/Akhimie/p/book/9780367593438|access-date=2022-10-22|website=Routledge &amp; CRC Press|language=en}}
* {{Cite journal|last=Eward-Mangione|first=Angela|date=2021-04-19|title=Shakespeare and the Cultivation of Difference: Race and Conduct in the Early Modern World . By Patricia Akhimie|url=https://academic.oup.com/sq/article/70/4/297/6104372|journal=Shakespeare Quarterly|language=en|volume=70|issue=4|pages=297–299|doi=10.1093/sq/quaa019|issn=0037-3222|url-access=subscription}}
* {{Cite journal|last=Balizet|first=Ariane M.|date=2019|title=Shakespeare and the Cultivation of Difference: Race and Conduct in the Early Modern World. Patricia Akhimie. Routledge Studies in Shakespeare 29. London: Routledge, 2018. xii + 220 pp. $149.95.|url=https://archive.org/details/renaissance-quarterly_fall-2019_72_3/page/1161|journal=Renaissance Quarterly|language=en|volume=72|issue=3|pages=1161–1163|doi=10.1017/rqx.2019.362|s2cid=204483586|issn=0034-4338|doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;

* {{Cite book|last1=Akhimie|first1=Patricia|title=Travel and travail : early modern women, English drama, and the wider world|last2=Andrea|first2=Bernadette|year=2019|isbn=978-1-4962-0226-0|oclc=1086273325}}&lt;ref&gt;Reviews for ''Travel and Travail''
* {{Cite journal|last=Bicks|first=Caroline|date=2020|title=Review of Travel and Travail: Early Modern Women, English Drama, and the Wider World|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/26976246|journal=Medieval &amp; Renaissance Drama in England|volume=33|pages=309–314|jstor=26976246|issn=0731-3403}}
* {{Cite journal|last=Ferozan|first=Arazoo|date=2019|title=Review of Travel and Travail: Early Modern Women, English Drama, and the Wider World|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/26894257|journal=Renaissance and Reformation / Renaissance et Réforme|volume=42|issue=4|pages=189–191|doi=10.7202/1068586ar|jstor=26894257|s2cid=218802591|issn=0034-429X}}
* {{Cite journal|last=Khansari|first=Leighla|date=2021|title=Book Review: Travel and Travail: Early Modern Women, English Drama, and the Wider World. Edited by Patricia Akhimie and Bernadette Diane Andrea|journal=Early Modern Literary Studies; Sheffield|volume=22|issue=1|pages=1–6|id={{ProQuest| }}}}
* {{Cite journal|last=Campbell|first=Mary Baine|date=2020|title=Travel and Travail: Early Modern Women, English Drama, and the Wider World. Patricia Akhimie and Bernadette Andrea, eds. Early Modern Cultural Studies. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2019. x + 368 pp. $35.|url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0034433820000986/type/journal_article|journal=Renaissance Quarterly|language=en|volume=73|issue=2|pages=744–745|doi=10.1017/rqx.2020.98|s2cid=226410531|issn=0034-4338|url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Binndanɗe cuɓaaɗe ==
Deftere makko adannde, Shakespeare e remde ceertugol: leñol, jikku, e aduna hannde arano, yaltinaa ko e Routledge e hitaande 2018. Deftere makko nde o renndini (e Bernadette Andrea), Jaɓɓungal e yah-ngartaa: Rewɓe aduna hannde arano, Drama Engele, e Wider Presshe in 2019.

Akhimie, Patrisiya (1 suwee 2009). &quot;Jaahargal, fijirle, e nder saare: jommbaajo koloñaal nder deftere John Fletcher e Philip Massinger, Jaahargal nder maayo&quot;. Jannde e Binndol Jaɓɓungal. 13 (2): 153-166. 1080/13645140902866993. Ɗemngal 1364-5145. S2CID 162099715.

Akimi, Patrisiya (2018). Sekseer e ndema ceergal. Ruutledge. 10.4324/9781351125048. ISBN 978-1351-12504-8.

Akimi, Patrisiya; Andere, Bernadet (2019). Jahgol e golle : rewɓe ɓooyɓe hannde, dramaaji Engele, e aduna ɓurɗo yaajde. ISBN 978-1-4962-0226-0. OCLC ko 1086273325.

== Tuugnorgal ==</text>
      <sha1>inv4gxsw8t49wk5r25qe5h3njn9csrr</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Sanhujori</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>38181</id>
    <revision>
      <id>183429</id>
      <parentid>158298</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-20T12:24:29Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>6960</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260820sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]]</comment>
      <origin>183429</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="9754" sha1="7zcbswl5su8bq6rgrgsc7cr1b78k84e" xml:space="preserve">'''Sanhujori''' (Koree: 산후조리) woni sifaa pinal koreeji keertiiɗi e toppitagol caggal jibineede.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Kim|first=Jeongeun|date=2003|title=Survey on the programs of Sanhujori centers in Korea as the traditional postpartum care facilities|url=https://archive.org/details/women-health_2003_38_2/page/107|pmid=14655798|journal=Women &amp; Health|volume=38|issue=2|pages=107–117|doi=10.1300/J013v38n02_08|s2cid=26722305}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ina heen ñaamde ñaamdu cellundu, waɗde ekkorse e ɓuuɓnude ɓanndu. Mudda sanhujori ina heewi juutde ko ina wona yontere haa lewru.&lt;ref name=&quot;Kim-Mira-2012&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Kim Yeoungjung, Chung Mira|date=2012|title=A Study on the Change of Postpartum Care in Korea|url=http://www.riss.kr/search/detail/DetailView.do?p_mat_type=1a0202e37d52c72d&amp;control_no=349da8046240f63bffe0bdc3ef48d419|journal=Asian Cultural Studies|volume=26|pages=217–240}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sanhujori ko konngol jillondirngol : ‘sanhu’ (산후, ‘caggal jibineede’) e ‘jori’ (조리, ‘sellinde’).

E nder renndo ngo ko adii hannde, ko galleeji yummiraaɓe mbaɗata golle sanhujori. Kono tan, njuɓɓudi gaadanteeji galleeji yaajɗi ɗii ndartinaama, sarwisaaji ɗii puɗɗiima waɗeede e nokkuuji keertiiɗi caggal jibinannde (sanhujoriwon 산후조리원) e gollotooɓe toppitiiɓe caggal jibinannde (sanhujorisa). Yimɓe ina keewi sikkude wonde sanhujori ina jogii batte keewɗe e ngonka cellal rewɓe e nder nguurndam mum en ; ina sikkaa wonde yummiraaɓe ɓe mbaɗaani golle sanhujori no haanirta nii ina mbaawi heɓde ñawuuji keewɗi, ko wayi no ɓuuɓri jokkondire, ɓuuɓri ƴiiƴam, ɓuuɓri ƴiiƴam, e ɓuuɓri ƴiiƴam.&lt;ref name=&quot;Nam-2011&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Nam|first=Ji-Ran|date=2011|title=A Study of Satisfaction Degree of the Postpartum Care Services of 'Postpartum Caretaker'|url=http://www.dbpia.co.kr/Journal/ArticleDetail/NODE01788279|journal=Journal of Public Welfare Administration|volume=21|issue=2|pages=137–164}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Kim|first=Soo Kyum|date=2002|title=A Study on the Status of the Postpartum Care for the Lower Income Women and an Investigation for the Support Plan|journal=Master's Dissertation of Hanman University|pages=1–72}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tariya ==
E nder daartol Koree, golle sanhujori ina keewi waɗeede e nder galle yumma oo e galleeji jom suudu mum. Ɓeen terɗe galle ina mbaɗatnoo golle keewɗe, ko wayi no defde ñameele e toppitaade sukaaɓe maɓɓe, ɗum noon ina woppira yummiraaɓe ɓee e golle galleeji teeŋtuɗe.[2] E nder ngool laawol, yummiraaɓe keɓii fartaŋŋe heɓtude cellal mum en e janngude gannde e karallaagal, ko ɗum huunde haannde e toppitaade sukaaɓe e ko fayi arde.[2] To bannge goɗɗo oo, won golle ɗe ngonnoo ko e majjere, wonaa e golle ; terɗe galle ina keewi haɗde yummiraaɓe tawtoreede kewuuji wirwirnde walla haaldude e mawɓe wirwirnde nde tawnoo ina hula wonde ɗum ina addana yummiraaɓe e sukaaɓe fof caɗeele.[5]

No mbaydi galleeji yaajɗi gaadanteeji ɗii fotnoo majjude nii, e no njuɓɓudi galleeji nukliyeer ɓuri heewde e renndo ngo, sarwisaaji sanhujori puɗɗiima waɗeede e sanhujoriwons, woni sifaa nokku toppitiiɗo caggal jibinannde. Ooɗo sifaa nokkuuji keertiiɗi fuɗɗii naatde ko e hitaande 1996 to Koree.[5]

== Miijooji ==
Sanhujoriwon

Sanhujoriwon (산후조리원) ko nokku keeriiɗo baɗɗo golle keewɗe wonande yummiraaɓe e sukaaɓe mum en e nder sahaa caggal jibineede. Haa e darorɗe hitaande 1998, ɗaɓɓaande sanhujoriwon ina ɓurnoo heewde e udditgol sanhujoriwon ngol ina heewi dañde nafoore mum. Ko ɗum waɗi, nokkuuji ɗi ngalaa kalite, ɗi ngalaa kattanɗe, ɓuuɓtii ko adii hitaande 2000.[6] So tawii nokkuuji keewɗi ɗi ngalaa kattanɗe uddaama gila ndeen sabu ŋakkeende njuɓɓudi e kewuuji yiite, limoore sanhujoriwon ina ɓeydoo seeɗa seeɗa ko ɓooyaani koo.[5] E wiyde wiɗto ngenndiijo, ina hiisa wonde fotde 50 e nder teemedere (50%) e nder teemedere fof rewɓe e nder leydi Koree kuutoriima hono ndeeɗoo nokku caggal jibinannde, e hitaande 2012.[7] Sarwiisiiji ɗii ina mbaɗi : ñawndugol ɓalndu, ñawbuuli ɓalli, e toppitagol sukaaɓe jibinaaɓe e nder waktuuji 24.[7] Won e nokkuuji ina ndokka porogaraamuuji jaŋde ko fayti e njuɓɓudi puɗi e jaleeɗe ngam haɗde mboros caggal jibinannde.[5]

Sanhujoriisa

Sanhujorisa (산후조리사) ko sifaa golloowo toppitiiɗo njillu to galle yumma, rokka njillu ngam toppitaade caggal jibineede. Gollotooɓe Sanhujorisa ina njaaji e nder gollotooɓe e sahaa gooto e gollotooɓe e nder nguurndam. E fawaade e njuɓɓudiiji njulaagu e ɗaɓɓaande yummiraaɓe, ɓe mbaɗata ko golle galleeji keewɗe, ko wayi no lootde, laɓɓinde suudu, e toppitaade terɗe galle goɗɗe, e sara golle sanhujori e hoore mum.[3] Ɗee balɗe, sabu mbayliigu winndereyankeewu e naatgol gollotooɓe e nder leyɗeele keewɗe, eggooɓe Joseonjok, ummoriiɓe Fuɗnaange-rewo Siin, ina ngondi e feccere ɓurnde mawnude e luumo golle sanhujorisa.[8] E nder sekteer laamu, YMCA, laamuuji nokkuuji, e nokkuuji cellal laamu ina ndokka porogaraamuuji jaŋde ngam heblude sanhujorisaaji karallaagal e njoɓdi seeɗa walla tawa njoɓaaka. To bannge goɗɗo oo, e nder sekteeruuji keewɗi, nokku ƴellitaare karallaagal (KQDC) to leydi Koree ina rokka seedanteeje wonande ɓeen ɓe keɓaani jaŋde mum en, ɓe keɓa jaŋde ngam heɓde jaŋde ndee.[3]

Ngolɗoo gollal meeɗiino anndeede e ɗemngal Engele ko lewru kala, kono jooni ina waawi wiyeede &quot;doula postnatal&quot;, &quot;infirmière maternité&quot; walla &quot;spécialiste de soins de nouveau&quot; – denndaangal nannies keeriiɗo.[citation needed]

Gorko e sanhujori

Caggal jibineede, gorko ina wallita yumma mum e nder daawal gadanal jibineede. Ko ɓuri haawnaade e yumma ngam fuɗɗaade toppitaade caggal jibineede ko nafoore e toppitagol gorko. Ballal gorko e nder ɓernde ina wallita e heɓde haajuuji ɓalli e hakkillaaji rewɓe caggal jibinannde e nder ngonkaaji mettuɗi, ina usta baasal caggal jibinannde, ina jokkondira jokkondiral galleeji, ina wallita kadi e waylude darnde yumma. Sanhujori ina waawi wonde laawol juutngol, so gorko oo yiɗii waawde tawtoreede toppitagol caggal jibineede, maa o dañ caɗeele keewɗe. Wiɗtooji kollitii wonde baabiraaɓe heewɓe ina njogii ganndal seeɗa e golle e toppitagol caggal jibinannde, ko ɗum waɗi baaba ina heewi woppeede e tawtoreede toppitagol caggal jibinannde gila e fuɗɗoode. Sanhujori ɓuri heewde ko e luural e worɓe wonɓe e heen kadi luural ina waawi waɗde.[9]

== Miijooji ==
Sanhujoriwon

Sanhujoriwon (산후조리원) ko nokku keeriiɗo baɗɗo golle keewɗe wonande yummiraaɓe e sukaaɓe mum en e nder sahaa caggal jibineede. Haa e darorɗe hitaande 1998, ɗaɓɓaande sanhujoriwon ina ɓurnoo heewde e udditgol sanhujoriwon ngol ina heewi dañde nafoore mum. Ko ɗum waɗi, nokkuuji ɗi ngalaa kalite, ɗi ngalaa kattanɗe, ɓuuɓtii ko adii hitaande 2000.[6] So tawii nokkuuji keewɗi ɗi ngalaa kattanɗe uddaama gila ndeen sabu ŋakkeende njuɓɓudi e kewuuji yiite, limoore sanhujoriwon ina ɓeydoo seeɗa seeɗa ko ɓooyaani koo.[5] E wiyde wiɗto ngenndiijo, ina hiisa wonde fotde 50 e nder teemedere (50%) e nder teemedere fof rewɓe e nder leydi Koree kuutoriima hono ndeeɗoo nokku caggal jibinannde, e hitaande 2012.[7] Sarwiisiiji ɗii ina mbaɗi : ñawndugol ɓalndu, ñawbuuli ɓalli, e toppitagol sukaaɓe jibinaaɓe e nder waktuuji 24.[7] Won e nokkuuji ina ndokka porogaraamuuji jaŋde ko fayti e njuɓɓudi puɗi e jaleeɗe ngam haɗde mboros caggal jibinannde.[5]

=== Sanhujoriisa ===
Sanhujorisa (산후조리사) ko sifaa golloowo toppitiiɗo njillu to galle yumma, rokka njillu ngam toppitaade caggal jibineede. Gollotooɓe Sanhujorisa ina njaaji e nder gollotooɓe e sahaa gooto e gollotooɓe e nder nguurndam. E fawaade e njuɓɓudiiji njulaagu e ɗaɓɓaande yummiraaɓe, ɓe mbaɗata ko golle galleeji keewɗe, ko wayi no lootde, laɓɓinde suudu, e toppitaade terɗe galle goɗɗe, e sara golle sanhujori e hoore mum.[3] Ɗee balɗe, sabu mbayliigu winndereyankeewu e naatgol gollotooɓe e nder leyɗeele keewɗe, eggooɓe Joseonjok, ummoriiɓe Fuɗnaange-rewo Siin, ina ngondi e feccere ɓurnde mawnude e luumo golle sanhujorisa.[8] E nder sekteer laamu, YMCA, laamuuji nokkuuji, e nokkuuji cellal laamu ina ndokka porogaraamuuji jaŋde ngam heblude sanhujorisaaji karallaagal e njoɓdi seeɗa walla tawa njoɓaaka. To bannge goɗɗo oo, e nder sekteeruuji keewɗi, nokku ƴellitaare karallaagal (KQDC) to leydi Koree ina rokka seedanteeje wonande ɓeen ɓe keɓaani jaŋde mum en, ɓe keɓa jaŋde ngam heɓde jaŋde ndee.[3]

Ngolɗoo gollal meeɗiino anndeede e ɗemngal Engele ko lewru kala, kono jooni ina waawi wiyeede &quot;doula postnatal&quot;, &quot;infirmière maternité&quot; walla &quot;spécialiste de soins de nouveau&quot; – denndaangal nannies keeriiɗo.[citation needed]

=== Gorko e sanhujori ===
Caggal jibineede, gorko ina wallita yumma mum e nder daawal gadanal jibineede. Ko ɓuri haawnaade e yumma ngam fuɗɗaade toppitaade caggal jibineede ko nafoore e toppitagol gorko. Ballal gorko e nder ɓernde ina wallita e heɓde haajuuji ɓalli e hakkillaaji rewɓe caggal jibinannde e nder ngonkaaji mettuɗi, ina usta baasal caggal jibinannde, ina jokkondira jokkondiral galleeji, ina wallita kadi e waylude darnde yumma. Sanhujori ina waawi wonde laawol juutngol, so gorko oo yiɗii waawde tawtoreede toppitagol caggal jibineede, maa o dañ caɗeele keewɗe. Wiɗtooji kollitii wonde baabiraaɓe heewɓe ina njogii ganndal seeɗa e golle e toppitagol caggal jibinannde, ko ɗum waɗi baaba ina heewi woppeede e tawtoreede toppitagol caggal jibinannde gila e fuɗɗoode. Sanhujori ɓuri heewde ko e luural e worɓe wonɓe e heen kadi luural ina waawi waɗde.[9]

== Tuugnorgal ==
&lt;references /&gt;&lt;references /&gt;</text>
      <sha1>7zcbswl5su8bq6rgrgsc7cr1b78k84e</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Cora Baldock</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>39031</id>
    <revision>
      <id>183488</id>
      <parentid>171434</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-20T13:48:28Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>6960</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260820sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]]</comment>
      <origin>183488</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="5267" sha1="q4xizwiv9qxdorcy6meln1s95udedtn" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}'''Cora Vellekoop Baldock''' (jibinaa ko 16 desaambar 1935) ko ganndo renndo [[Ostarali]]-[[Holannda]]. O woniino hooreejo Fedde Sosiyoloji [[Ostarali]] 1979-1980, o woniino tergal e Goomu Wagginoore Pinal Keewngu laamu Fedde [[Ostarali]]. Ko kanko woni debbo gadano jannginoowo to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Murdoch, to Perth, kadi ko kanko woni jannginoowo mum gadano e ganndal renndo.

==Nguurndam==
Cora Baldock jibinaa ko ñalnde 16 [[lewru]] Duujal hitaande 1935 to Rotterdam, Pays-Bas.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://tasa.org.au/about-tasa/tasa-history/biographies/11416-2/|title=Cora Baldock {{!}} TASA|website=tasa.org.au|language=en-AU|access-date=2018-09-10}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.womenaustralia.info/leaders/biogs/WLE0036b.htm|title=Baldock, Cora - Woman - The Encyclopedia of Women and Leadership in Twentieth-Century Australia|last=Melbourne|first=The University of|website=www.womenaustralia.info|language=en-gb|access-date=2018-09-10}}&lt;/ref&gt;

O mawni ko e banndiraaɓe gollotooɓe e nder duɗe jaaɓi haaɗtirde, ɗum addani mo fellitaade janngude sosiyoloji to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Leiden, ɗo o heɓi heen seedantaagal makko cum laude e hitaande 1960. Tesis makko ''master'' ko feewti e ''stratification'' e nder golle rewɓe. Nde o woni jannginoowo leslesre, o woniino jannginoowo laamɗo debbo, caggal ɗuum laamɗo debbo, Beatrix mo Pays-Bas.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Simms|first=Marian|date=1981|title=Political science, women and feminism|journal=Politics|language=en|volume=16|issue=2|pages=315–324|doi=10.1080/00323268108401819|issn=0032-3268}}&lt;/ref&gt;

O heɓi doktoraa makko to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Canterbury to Christchurch, to leydi [[Nuwel Selannde]] : suɓngooji golle, nafooje keɓtinaaɗe e njuɓɓudi golle to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Canterbury.

Baldock resii e hitaande 1970, o dañi ɓiɓɓe ɗiɗo.

== Kugal ==
Caggal nde o heɓi doktoraa makko, Baldock ummiima to leydi [[Nuwel Selannde]], o jannginii to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Canterbury to Christchurch, O woniino jannginoowo mawɗo to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde ngenndiwal Ostarali hade makko wonde jannginoowo debbo gadano to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Murdoch, kadi jannginoowo gadano to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde sosiyoloji. O golliima e ANU fotde duuɓi 22. Ko kanko woni hooreejo fedde sosiyoloji Ostarali tuggi 1979 haa 1980, o sosi goomu njeenaari Jean Martin fedde nde.

Baldock wonnoo ko tergal e Goomu Wagginoore Pinal Keewngal laamu Fedde ndee e kitaale 1990.

Nafooje makko e wiɗtooji ko e sosiyoloji golle, jaŋde rewɓe, e jokkondire hakkunde rewɓe e worɓe e politik renndo..O teeŋtinii e o feewnitii e nder golle makko ŋakkeende ceertugol e nder jinnaaɓe e nder wiɗtooji renndoyankooji (sociologie) e nder njuɓɓudi (stratification) e nder renndo. Jannde makko &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Simms|first=Marian|date=1981|title=Political science, women and feminism|journal=Politics|language=en|volume=16|issue=2|pages=315–324|doi=10.1080/00323268108401819|issn=0032-3268}}&lt;/ref&gt;''Volunteers in Welfare'' (1990) ko wiɗto baawngo wonde e ummital ballal e sektoraa ballal, e jokkondire hakkunde ballal ko huunde nde alaa ko nafata e wellitaare renndo e ko wayi no feere ƴellitaare hoore neɗɗo wonande ballal.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=Volunteering : why we can't survive without it.|last=Oppenheimer|first=Melanie|authorlink1=Melanie Oppenheimer|isbn=9781742240435|location=Sydney|oclc=892109652|year=2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; E nder maggal, Baldock hollitii wonde golle ballondiral ina mbaɗi sifaaji dowla kapitaaliste e njiimaandi baabiraaɓe, tawa ina timmina golle mum en faggudu e miijooji e jogaade ngonka mum en.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Richards|first=Lyn|authorlink1=Lyn Richards|date=1985|editor-last=Baldock|editor-first=Cora V.|editor2-last=Cass|editor2-first=Bettina|editor3-last=Burns|editor3-first=Ailsa|editor4-last=Bottomley|editor4-first=Gill|editor5-last=Jools|editor5-first=Penny|editor6-last=Reiger|editor6-first=Kerreen M.|editor7-last=Wearing|editor7-first=Betsy|title=Australian Women: On the Cutting Edge of Family Sociology|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_contemporary-sociology_1985-01_14_1/page/n12|journal=Contemporary Sociology|volume=14|issue=1|pages=11–14|doi=10.2307/2070398|jstor=2070398}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Binndanɗe ==
Baldasar, Loreeta; Baldock, Cora Vellekoop e Wilding, Raelene, Iwdiiji toppitiiɗi hakkunde keeri, eggugol, duuɓi e toppitiiɗi hakkunde leyɗeele, palgrave macmillan, basingstoke, leydi Angalteer, hitaande 2007.

Baldock, Cora Vellekoop, ‘Eggooɓe juutɓe e ballal ɓesngu’, ƴeewndo renndo cellal, vol. 12, alaa. 1, hitaande 2003, hello 45 haa 54.

Baldok, Kora Vellekoop, Yiɗɓe e Wellitaare, Allen e Unwin, Sidney, New South Wales, 1990.

Baldock, Cora Vellekoop, Mawɓe ko wayi no wallitooɓe : yi’annde winndereere e politik, Duuɓi e renndo, vol. 19, hitaande 1999, 581-602 hello.

Baldok, Kora Vellekoop e Cass, Bettina, Rewɓe, Wellitaare Renndo e Dowla e nder Ostarali, 2nd edn, Allen &amp; Unwin, Sydney, New South Wales, 1988.

Baldock, Cora Vellekoop e Lally, Jim, Sosiyoloji nder [[Ostarali]] e New Zealand: Miijo e laabi, Jaaynde Greenwood, Westport, Connecticut, Dental Dowlaaji [[Amerik]], 1974.

== Tuugnorgal ==
&lt;references /&gt;
[[Category:Ostarali]]</text>
      <sha1>q4xizwiv9qxdorcy6meln1s95udedtn</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Bharat Mata (painting)</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>39156</id>
    <revision>
      <id>183433</id>
      <parentid>180919</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-20T12:31:09Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>6960</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Add 4 books for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260820sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]]</comment>
      <origin>183433</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="11635" sha1="65us3x90wascadl3asd864aoe2jqcw5" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}'''Bharat Mata''' ko golle ɗe pentoowo Inndonaajo biyeteeɗo Abanindranath Tagore penti e hitaande 1905, innde mum adannde ko Banga Mata (“Yumma Bengal”), caggal ɗuum inniraa Bharat Mata (“Yumma Inndo”).&lt;ref name=&quot;Banerji20102&quot;&gt;{{cite book|title=The Alternate Nation of Abanindranath Tagore|url=https://archive.org/details/alternatenationo0000bane|last1=Banerji|first1=Debashish|publisher=Sage publications|year=2010|isbn=978-81-321-0239-7|page=[https://archive.org/details/alternatenationo0000bane/page/28 28]}}&lt;/ref&gt;Nde tuugii ko e neɗɗaagu leñol ngol no Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay siforii e nder deftere mum Anandamath. Naalankaagal ngal ina hollita debbo ɓoorniiɗo wutte safaara, ɓoorniiɗo wutte sadhvi, ina jogii deftere, ɓuuɓri paɗe, ɓuuɓri daneeri, e garland rudraksha (mala) e juuɗe mum nay. Natal ngal woni ko adii hollirde miijo ngoo, ngal pentiraa ko e miijooji Swadesh e nder dille jeytaare Inndo ɓurɗe mawnude.&lt;ref name=&quot;Banerji2010&quot;&gt;{{cite book|title=The Alternate Nation of Abanindranath Tagore|url=https://archive.org/details/alternatenationo0000bane|last1=Banerji|first1=Debashish|publisher=Sage publications|year=2010|isbn=978-81-321-0239-7|page=[https://archive.org/details/alternatenationo0000bane/page/28 28]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Abanindranath, ɓiɗɗo mawniiko yimoowo e naalanke biyeteeɗo Rabindranath Tagore, o yiyti ko e cukaagu makko jikkuuji naalankaagal galle Tagore.

Tagore ina heewnoo janngude naalankaagal nde o fuɗɗii janngude to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Sanskrit to Kolkata e kitaale 1880. E duuɓi makko gadani, Tagore ina fenti e mbaadi naturalism Orop, ina feeñi e nate makko gadane ko wayi no The Armoury. Hedde hitaande 1867 walla 1887, banndiraaɓe Tagore biyeteeɗo Gyanadanandini Devi sosiino batu hakkunde Tagore e E.B. Havell, gardinooɗo duɗal naalankaagal laamu to Calcutta. Joɗnde ndee waɗii mbayliigu keewngu hakkunde Havell e Tagore, Havell heɓi gollodiiɗo naalankaagal jibinannde mum, jogiiɗo miijooji e nder njuɓɓudi mum, Tagore heɓi jannginoowo jannginoowo mo ko fayti e ‘ganndal’ daartol naalankaagal Inndo. O etinooma waɗtude Tagore e cukko hooreejo duɗal naalankaagal ngal, ngal wonnoo ko e luulndaare mawnde e nder duɗal ngal. Havell fotnoo ko ɓuuɓnude ko heewi e kuule duɗal ngal ngam waɗde ɗum, o muñani geɗe keewɗe ɗe Tagore waɗi haa arti noon e ɓuuɓnude hoodere e nder cuuɗi janngirɗe e salaade jokkude e waktuuji.[2]

== Kuje ==
Bharat Mata ina hollira wonde debbo diine ɓoorniiɗo wutte safaara, ina jogii deftere, ɓuuɓri, ɓuuɓri daneeri e rosaari e juuɗe mum nay. Natal ngal ina jogii nafoore daartol sabu ngal jeyaa ko e nate gadane ɗe Bharat Mata, walla &quot;Yumma Indiya.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://scroll.in/article/805990/far-from-being-eternal-bharat-mata-is-only-a-little-more-than-100-years-old|title=Far from being eternal, Bharat Mata is only a little more than 100 years old|last=Jha|first=DN|work=Scroll.in|access-date=2017-04-22|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=India and the Contemporary World-II: Textbook in History for Class X|date=2011|publisher=NCERT|isbn=978-81-7450-707-5|location=New Delhi|pages=47|chapter=Nationalism in India|oclc=750383036|chapter-url=https://ncert.nic.in/ncerts/l/jess303.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Teemedde e binndol ==
Golle ɗee pentiraa ko e sahaa dille Swadeshi. Diɗɗal ngal fuɗɗii ko e jaabawol Feccere Bengal (1905), nde Lord Curzon fecci nokkuuji fuɗnaange Bengal ɓurɗi heewde juulɓe e nokkuuji hirnaange ɓurɗi heewde Hindu en. E nder jaabawol, ngenndiyankooɓe Inndo tawtoraaɓe e dille swadeshi, kaɓaaki e Angalteer, ɓe ndartini marsandiis e juɓɓule Angalteer, ɓe mbaɗi batuuji e seppooji, ɓe mbaɗi goomuuji, ɓe mbaɗi doole dipolomasi.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|last=Johnson|first=Gordon|date=May 1973|title=Partition, Agitation and Congress: Bengal 1904 To 1908|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_modern-asian-studies_1973-07_7_3/page/533|journal=Modern Asian Studies|volume=7|issue=3|pages=533–588|jstor=311853|doi=10.1017/s0026749x0000531x|s2cid=144963374}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Natal hakkundeewal pentol ngol ina jogii geɗe keewɗe jowitiiɗe e pinal Inndo e faggudu Inndo e fuɗɗoode teeminannde noogasɓiire, ko wayi no deftere, ƴiye paddorɗe, ƴiye daneeje e garland. Yanti heen, nate hakkundeeje pentol ngol ina njogii juuɗe nay, ina njiyloo natal hindu, ina nanndi e juuɗe keewɗe e doole mawɗe.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|last=Johnson|first=Gordon|date=May 1973|title=Partition, Agitation and Congress: Bengal 1904 To 1908|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_modern-asian-studies_1973-07_7_3/page/533|journal=Modern Asian Studies|volume=7|issue=3|pages=533–588|jstor=311853|doi=10.1017/s0026749x0000531x|s2cid=144963374}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Natal ngal hollitaama ko &quot;eɓɓoore neɗɗankaagal 'Bharat Mata' ɗo yumma oo yiɗi ndimaagu rewrude e ɓiɓɓe mum&quot;, Jayanta Sengupta, gardiiɗo suudu defte Inndo to Kolkata, Inndo.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://scroll.in/article/805990/far-from-being-eternal-bharat-mata-is-only-a-little-more-than-100-years-old|title=Far from being eternal, Bharat Mata is only a little more than 100 years old|last=Jha|first=DN|work=Scroll.in|access-date=2017-04-22|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=India and the Contemporary World-II: Textbook in History for Class X|date=2011|publisher=NCERT|isbn=978-81-7450-707-5|location=New Delhi|pages=47|chapter=Nationalism in India|oclc=750383036|chapter-url=https://ncert.nic.in/ncerts/l/jess303.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Caggal nde timmi ==
Gila hitaande 1905, iteraaji keewɗi e Bharat Mata mbaɗaama e nder nate e fannuuji naalankaagal goɗɗi. Kono tan, nafoore nate Tagore asliije ɗee ina anndaa haa jooni. E hitaande 2016, Bharat Mata hollitaama e nder galle ciftorgol Victoria to Kolkata, leydi Indiya.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|last=Johnson|first=Gordon|date=May 1973|title=Partition, Agitation and Congress: Bengal 1904 To 1908|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_modern-asian-studies_1973-07_7_3/page/533|journal=Modern Asian Studies|volume=7|issue=3|pages=533–588|jstor=311853|doi=10.1017/s0026749x0000531x|s2cid=144963374}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Sister Nivedita, jiɗɗo Duɗal Naalankaagal Bengal, yetti natal ngal, o wiyi :

Gila e fuɗɗoode haa e joofnirde, natal ngal ko eeraango, e ɗemngal indiyanke, e ɓernde indiyankoore. Ko ngol woni go’o ko ngol woni go’o ko e mbaydi kesiri. Miɗo rewna- ɗum, so mi waawii, e ujunnaaje ujunnaaje, miɗo saakta ɗum e dow leydi, haa alaa ko woni e mum so wonaa galle remoowo, walla galle golloowo, hakkunde Kedar Nath e Cape Comorin, mo alaa ndee ɗoo yeewtere Bharat-Mata won ɗo e dow mahe mum. Ko heewi e sahaaji, so neɗɗo ina ndaara sifaaji maggal, ina 6eydoo 6uu6de e laa6al e 6uu6ol neɗɗaagu hollirteengu nguu.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|last=Johnson|first=Gordon|date=May 1973|title=Partition, Agitation and Congress: Bengal 1904 To 1908|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_modern-asian-studies_1973-07_7_3/page/533|journal=Modern Asian Studies|volume=7|issue=3|pages=533–588|jstor=311853|doi=10.1017/s0026749x0000531x|s2cid=144963374}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tiitoonde e ngonka binndol ==
Jaaynde Prabasi

Nivedita miñi mum debbo

Ndeeɗoo natal lollunde, nde Abanindranath Tagore winndi, alaa innde mum nde yimɓe fof njiɗi hannde, hono Bharat Mata, nde nde yalti e jaaynde lollunde, wiyeteende Prabasi, ko fayti e naalankaagal e pinal. Ko winndaa e natal ngal e nder jaaynde ndee ko : Matrimurti. Konngol ngol e ɗemngal Bengali firti ko mbaydi Yumma. E ko luutndii noddaango ñalnde heen, innde naalanke oo kadi, feeñaani e bannge caption.

Kanko Abanindranath Tagore o miijinoo ko innde nate ɗee ko Banga Mata, firti ko Yumma Bengal. Sibu naalanke oo tuugninoo ko e debbo bengaliyanke keewɗo, ñalnde kala, ko ode e makko. Kono tan miijooji ngenndiyaŋkooji ɗi natal ngal ummini ɗii, mbayli ɗum Banga Mata Abanindranath, wonti Bharat Mata, neɗɗo pan-Indiya, ɓuuɓnoowo yimɓe e nder njuuteendi e yaajde ngenndi ndii.

Kono ko miñi mum debbo biyeteeɗo Nivedita rewtini natal ngal Bharat Mata, o teskiima heen ikonaaji e politik maggale wakilaagu e nder detal. Nivedita yiɗii nate ɗee no feewi haa o yiɗi nawde ɗe gila Kashmir haa Kanyakumari ngam ustude yimɓe ɓee e mantra Swadeshi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=2015-03-01|title=Abanindranath's Bharat Mata on display|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/kolkata/abanindranaths-bharat-mata-on-display/article6949692.ece|access-date=2023-04-19|issn=0971-751X}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;banga&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=Abanindranath Tagore  Bharat Mata, Bengal School of Art, Rabindranath Tagore, &amp; Facts Britannica|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Abanindranath-Tagore#ref431075|website=www.britannica.com|language=en|date=3 August 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Partition of Bengal Date, History, Curzon, Swadeshi Movement, Annulment, &amp; Facts Britannica|url=https://www.britannica.com/event/Partition-of-Bengal|website=www.britannica.com|access-date=5 September 2025|language=en|date=15 July 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;E makko, maandeeji ɗii e teeŋti noon e geɗe ɗe natal ngal jogii, ina kollita maanaaji laaɓtuɗi ngenndiyaŋkooji doole e reentaade.

Magazine Prabasi ina joginoo caggal ɗuum nate nannduɗe e nate yumma e nder ooɗoo sahaa Swadeshi. Ina jeyaa e ɗeen : nate Saint-Jenévieve, gardinooɗo Pari, ɗe Pierre-Cécile Puvis de Chavannes penti, e nate Madonna, ɗe Dagnan-Bouveret, pentoowo tagoore Faraysenaajo penti. Natal Dagnan-Buveret kadi ina wiyee Matrimurti.[12] Ɗeeɗoo nate rewɓe fof e nate mum en ina kollita miijo nanndungo e laaɓal, e reentaade e ndimaagu gonngu e nder mbaydi debbo yumma. Nde Nivedita innitiri natal Abanindranath ngal ko Bharat Mata, ina addana ngal tolno gooto e natal rewɓe Kerecee’en. Nii woni, o jokkondirii canngaaki Abanindranath e nanondiral naalankaagal Orop ngam ƴellitde ruuhu leydi ndii e yiɗde leydi ndii e mbaadi yumma. E nder ɗuum o haɓata e Biritaan en e njiimaandi koloñaal mum en e Inndo, o rokka Inndonaaɓe mbaydi yumma laaɓtundi ndi ɓe mbaawi jokkondirde e mum, e jokkondirde e miijo maɓɓe e ngenndi ndii, e ɓe mbaawa kadi humpitaade ngam tawtoreede Swadeshi.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=DAG Museums on Instagram: &quot;Is this painting really titled 'Bharat Mata'?|url=https://www.instagram.com/p/CnpBZN-y_ab/|access-date=2023-04-19|via=Instagram|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:02&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=DAG Museums on Instagram: &quot;Is this painting really titled 'Bharat Mata'?|url=https://www.instagram.com/p/CnpBZN-y_ab/|access-date=2023-04-19|via=Instagram|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Bharat Mata mo Abanindranath Tagore winndi, noddaango Muuseum DAG, ina jokkondiri e naalankaagal Swadeshi e ƴellitaare mbaydi Pan-Asiya, estetik e idiom. Kono so neɗɗo ƴeewii ƴellitaare seeɗa-seeɗa e mbaydi etimoloji maggal, en njiyii no ngal saɗtiri e nder naalankaagal ngenndiyaŋkaagal.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=2015-03-01|title=Abanindranath's Bharat Mata on display|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/kolkata/abanindranaths-bharat-mata-on-display/article6949692.ece|access-date=2023-04-19|issn=0971-751X}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;banga2&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=Abanindranath Tagore  Bharat Mata, Bengal School of Art, Rabindranath Tagore, &amp; Facts Britannica|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Abanindranath-Tagore#ref431075|website=www.britannica.com|language=en|date=3 August 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Partition of Bengal Date, History, Curzon, Swadeshi Movement, Annulment, &amp; Facts Britannica|url=https://www.britannica.com/event/Partition-of-Bengal|website=www.britannica.com|access-date=5 September 2025|language=en|date=15 July 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tuugnorgal ==</text>
      <sha1>65us3x90wascadl3asd864aoe2jqcw5</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>International Encyclopedia of Women Composers</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>39344</id>
    <revision>
      <id>183514</id>
      <parentid>161934</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-20T14:37:26Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>6960</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260820sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]]</comment>
      <origin>183514</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="4154" sha1="pb2jabf1yg4qu45vejq1rr6ihneic28" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}'''Ensiklopediya hakkunde leyɗeele rewɓe jimooɓe''' ko deftere 1981 nde Aaron I. Cohen winndi, ina waɗi nguurndam ko ina tolnoo e 5 000 debbo jimoowo ummoriiɓe fotde 70 leydi. Nde hawraa ko nde Cohen woppi golle ngam wallitde heblude ŋakkeende e daartol jimɗi. Edition ɗiɗaɓo, ina waɗi defte ɗiɗi yaajɗe, yaltinaa e hitaande 1987.

Ɓawo

Cohen ko gorko pentiiɗo, jahroowo e duuɓi capanɗe jeegom, mo anniya mum wonnoo ko hebbinde « ŋakkeende mawnde e daartol jimɗi » e wonde « liberal e inclusive » e jimɗi ɗi o suɓii ɗii. Koolol tokosol ngol o hawri ngol wallitii mo e firtude binndol ngol e ɗemɗe 15. Deftere nde winndaa ko e jaabawol haala Thomas Beecham wiynoo, &quot;Alaa rewɓe winndooɓe, meeɗaa wonde, ina gasa tawa meeɗaa wonde.&quot; Jimoowo seeɗa anndaaɗo jogiiɗo naatgol ina jeyaa heen jimoowo Ecoppinaajo biyeteeɗo Christine Morison, jimoowo Ameriknaajo biyeteeɗo Louise Talma, e jimoowo teeminannde jeegom Hind Bind 'Utba. Toɓɓere adannde ndee ina waɗi naatgol tiitoonde &quot;Geɗe teeŋtuɗe e rewɓe jimooɓe&quot;. Edition gadano oo waɗii 597 kelle, tawi ko ina tolnoo e 5 000 jimoowo ummoriiɓe fotde 70 leydi, e fuɗɗoode mum ko 135 dolaar.

Jaaynde ɗiɗmere

E sahaa nde ansikolooji ɗii ngoni e golloraade, ko nanndi e ɗuum, regginorde ndee ina jokki e yuɓɓinde ɗum e Goomu Naalankaagal/Bartal/Musique mo Fedde Adunaare Rewɓe. Edition ɗiɗmere ndee yalti ko e hitaande 1987 e hawrude e binndanɗe ummoriiɗe e Diiso Rewɓe e Cohen. Edition ɗiɗaɓo oo waɗii defte ɗiɗi, ɓeydi heen 643 nguurndam rewɓe jimooɓe wuurɓe &quot;caggal rido njamndi&quot;, jimɗi ɗi jimooɓe aarabeeɓe mbaɗi ko ina tolnoo e teeminanɗe jeenay, e jimɗi 500 ɗi mbiyaa ko anndaaka e edition gadano oo. Kala naatgol nguurndam ina waɗi iwdi kabaruuji e limtude diskooji jimol ngol. Ko ɓuri heewde e naatgol ngol ina waɗi daartol nguurndam jimoowo, innde mum timmunde, ñalngu jibinannde mum, ñalngu maayde mum, e doggol jimɗi mum. Ina woodi appendiiseeji baɗɗi jimɗi ɗi ngalaa humpitooji keewɗi binndaaɗi e mum en, taƴe golle renndinirɗe, inɗe fenaande jimɗi ɗii, operaaji, e operetaaji.

Jaɓɓugo

Ansiklopediya oo ƴeewtaama e The Library Quarterly e lewru Siilo 1982 e Fedde Defterdu Musik e hitaande 1983. Nde limtaama e nder Jannde Rewɓe: Bibliografi Wasiyaa e haala, &quot;Ngolɗoo gollal teskinngal ina wasiyaa no feewi wonande defte janngirɗe.&quot; Edward Rothstein mo jaaynde New York Times winndi, &quot;Kono deftere winndereyankoore rewɓe winndooɓe gimi nde Aaron I. Cohen winndi, nde R.R. Bowker yaltini jooni, ko deftere arandeere yaajnde, nde kala neɗɗo ina jogii heen miijo e daartol jimol rewɓe.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;New&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1981/11/12/books/news-of-music-44-centuries-of-female-composers.html|title=News of Music; 44 Centuries of Female Composers|last=Rothstein|first=Edward|date=November 12, 1981|website=The New York Times|access-date=December 26, 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;KrikosLoeb2004&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author1=Linda A. Krikos|author2=Catherine R. Loeb|author3=Cindy Ingold|title=Women's Studies: A Recommended Bibliography|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BFfXsiGWKyIC&amp;pg=PA383|year=2004|publisher=Libraries Unlimited|isbn=978-1-56308-566-6|page=383}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|author1=Karin Pendle|author2=Melinda Boyd|title=Women in Music: A Research and Information Guide|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2LAFDAAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA4|date=19 September 2005|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-135-38456-2|page=383}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|title=International Encyclopedia of Women Composers. Aaron I. Cohen|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_library-quarterly_1982-07_52_3/page/296|date=July 1982|journal=The Library Quarterly|volume=52|issue=3|pages=296|doi=10.1086/601265}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.proquest.com/openview/a17f2c91792ad158e14f34aee6a06da5/1?pq-origsite=gscholar&amp;cbl=1819506|title=&quot;International Encyclopedia of Women Composers&quot;, ed. by Aaron I. Cohen (Book Review)|last=Neuls-Bates|first=Carol|date=September 1, 1983|website=ProQuest|publisher=Music Library Association|access-date=December 26, 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tuugnorgal ==
&lt;references /&gt;</text>
      <sha1>pb2jabf1yg4qu45vejq1rr6ihneic28</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Dora Valesca Becker</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>39562</id>
    <revision>
      <id>183487</id>
      <parentid>162734</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-20T13:46:27Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>6960</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260820sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]]</comment>
      <origin>183487</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="4673" sha1="b302tp4xz0kbcdg0kdb0aqcmrb7w5k1" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}'''Dora Valesca Becker''' (7 marse 1870 - 19 mee 1958) ko jimoowo Ameriknaajo. E hitaande 1898, o woni debbo gadano fiyde violon e nder jimɗi.

== Nguurndam gadano ==
Dora Valesca Becker jibinaa ko to Galveston, Teksas, mawni ko to New York, ko ɓiy debbo biyeteeɗo Francis Louis Becker e Mariya Antonia Tekla Langhammer. Baaba makko ko gardiiɗo fedde jimɗi Galveston, yumma makko kadi ina joginoo yiɗde jimɗi. O janngi violon gila omo famɗi e Sam Franko, o waɗi yeewtere makko adannde e Steinway Hall e hitaande 1880, tawi omo yahra e duuɓi 10. O janngi e Joseph Joachim to Berlin nde o woni suka debbo, e dow bursi Felix Mendelssohn.

Miñiiko biyeteeɗo Gustav Louis Becker (1861-1959) ko piyanoowo, jimoowo, e yuɓɓinoowo.

== Kugal ==
Becker artii Amerik caggal nde o waɗi yeewtere makko adannde e fedde Berlin e hitaande 1890, o fuɗɗii fedde rewɓe tato New York e piyanoowo Mabel Phipps e piyanoowo cellal Flavie Van den Hende. O wonii debbo gadano fiyoowo violon ngam fiyde e jimɗi e hitaande 1898, nde o waɗi jimɗi Henryk Wieniawski &quot;Mazurka Kujawiak&quot; ngam jimɗi silindirɗi wax e laboratuwaar fonogaraaf Bettini.

O ɓuri yaltude e dingiral hiirde ndee ko e hitaande 1899, so wonaa sahaa e sahaa fof e yahdude e yeewtere e jimɗi. O yahri, o fiyi to Orop e hitaande 1908. Caggal dewgal makko, o jannginii, o jannginii jimɗi to New York e New Jersey, o woniino tergal e fedde jannginooɓe diiwaan New York, e fedde jimɗiyaŋkooɓe Newark, e fedde jimɗiyaŋkooɓe Newark.

== Nguurndam neɗɗo ==
E hitaande 1899, Becker resii Charles Grant Shaffer, jimoowo orgaan..O sankii ko e hitaande 1958, omo yahra e duuɓi 88, to Pennsylvanie.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Reddall|first=Frederic|date=August 1895|title=American Girls as Violinists|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1HNAAQAAMAAJ&amp;q=Dora+Valeska+Becker&amp;pg=RA8-PA3|journal=The Ladies' Home Journal|volume=12|pages=3}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://slippedisc.com/2014/11/the-first-woman-violinist-on-record-any-guesses/|title=The first woman violinist on record. Any guesses?|last=Eschbach|first=Robert|date=November 6, 2014|website=Slipped Disc|access-date=2019-12-04}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.bach-cantatas.com/Lib/Becker-Gustav-Louis.htm|title=Gustav Louis Becker (Arranger) – Short Biography|website=Bach Cantatas|access-date=2019-12-04}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=O_GRCkxiXVwC&amp;q=Dora+Valeska+Becker&amp;pg=PA49|title=Unsung: A History of Women in American Music|last=Ammer|first=Christine|date=2001|publisher=Hal Leonard Corporation|isbn=978-1-57467-061-5|pages=49|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|date=January 12, 1898|title=New York Ladies' Trio in Detroit|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5JlCAQAAMAAJ&amp;q=Dora+Valeska+Becker&amp;pg=RA1-PA35|journal=Musical Courier|volume=36|pages=35}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://newspaperarchives.vassar.edu/?a=d&amp;d=literary18970401-01.2.12|title=College News|date=April 1, 1897|work=Vassar Miscellany|access-date=December 4, 2019|pages=384–385|via=Vassar Newspaper Archives}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-FOSAgAAQBAJ&amp;q=Dora+Valeska+Becker&amp;pg=PA2277|title=Encyclopedia of Recorded Sound|last=Hoffmann|first=Frank|date=2004-11-12|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-135-94950-1|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|date=April 1915|title=Dora Becker in Newark|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lElGAQAAMAAJ&amp;dq=%22Dora+Becker%22+music&amp;pg=PA39|journal=The Violin World|pages=39}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|date=February 1915|title=Dora Becker in Recitals|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lElGAQAAMAAJ&amp;dq=%22Dora%20Becker%22%20music&amp;pg=PA36-IA14|journal=The Violin World|pages=6}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|date=May 10, 1917|title=Dora Becker Pleases at Paterson|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=x-w6AQAAMAAJ&amp;dq=%22Dora%20Becker%22%20music&amp;pg=RA18-PA12|journal=Musical Courier|pages=12}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|date=September 23, 1908|title=Dora Becker Back from Europe|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pS5MAQAAMAAJ&amp;dq=%22Dora%20Becker%22%20music&amp;pg=RA2-PR52|journal=Musical Courier|pages=7}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|date=September 30, 1908|title=Dora Becker, Gifted American Violinist|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_music-magazine-and-musical-courier_1908-09-30_57_14/page/6|journal=Musical Courier|pages=6}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qIEFAAAAMAAJ&amp;q=%22Dora+Becker%22+music&amp;pg=PA585|title=International Who's who in Music and Musical Gazetteer|date=1918|publisher=Current Literature Publishing Company|pages=585|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tuugnorgal ==
&lt;references /&gt;
[[Category:Rewbe]]</text>
      <sha1>b302tp4xz0kbcdg0kdb0aqcmrb7w5k1</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Gladys Welge</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>39597</id>
    <revision>
      <id>183475</id>
      <parentid>162918</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-20T13:32:19Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>6960</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260820sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]]</comment>
      <origin>183475</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="5981" sha1="66xwzqmc1r7vdjdw2mxu5n0g928hv1l" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}'''Gladys Louise Welge''' (23 mee 1902 – 27 sulyee 1976) ko Ameriknaajo, jimoowo violon e gardo. Ko kanko woni gardiiɗo Orkestra Simfoni debbo to Chicago tuggi 1938 haa 1940. Ko kanko kadi sosi Simfoni Oak Park e River Forest, gooto e orkestraaji renndo ɓurɗi juutde nguurndam e nder leyɗeele dentuɗe Amerik.

== Nguurndam gadano ==
Gladys Louise Welge jibinaa ko to Austin, to leydi Illinois (sara Chicago), ko ɓiy Friedrik Welge e Friedrik J. Aron Welge. Jibnaaɓe makko ɗiɗo fof njibinaa ko to Chicago; mawniiko en Welge en ko Hannover to Almaañ. O janngi violon e Leon Sametini. Miñiiko biyeteeɗo Vernon Welge ko piyanoowo.

== Kugal ==
Welge wonnoo ko fiyoowo violin jooɗiiɗo to Chicago, &quot;gooto e sukaaɓe fijooɓe ɓurɓe moƴƴude e welɓe no feewi e nder wuro ngo&quot;. E hitaande 1919, Welge udditi duɗal Welge to Chicago, kanko e miñiiko biyeteeɗo Vernon. O jannginii toon violon, o ardii kadi orkestra duɗal ngal, mo yimɓe capanɗe ɗiɗi.

E hitaande 1931, Welge sosi Simfoni Oak Park e River Forest, gooto e orkestraaji renndo ɓurɗi juutde nguurndam e nder leyɗeele dentuɗe Amerik. Ko kanko woni gardiiɗo Simfoni gila nde sosaa e hitaande 1931 haa o woppi golle makko to Fontana, Wisconsin e hitaande 1954.

Welge ko fiyoowo violon e nder Orkestra Simfoni debbo to Chicago, caggal nde o yuɓɓini konnguɗi e nder dumunna daɓɓo to Grant Park, o lomtii Ebba Sundstrom e gardagol orkestra oo tuggi 1938 haa 1940. O yiɗaama sabu &quot;doole makko keewɗe, hay so tawii ko diineeji limtilimtinɗi&quot;, kono; hoɓɓe worɓe ƴettii podium e ko ɓuri heewde e konnguɗi mum en.

O ummii o fayi Kaliforni e hitaande 1963, o woni gardiiɗo jimɗi e nder ekkol gooto to Laguna Beach, o ardii fedde jimɗi Laguna Hills.

== Nguurndam neɗɗo ==
Gladys Welge sankii ko e hitaande 1976, ina yahra e duuɓi 74, to Kaliforni.&lt;ref&gt;[https://books.google.com/books?id=KXNFAQAAMAAJ&amp;q=Welge&amp;pg=RA9-PA10 &quot;Student Department Chicago Women's Musical Club&quot;] ''Music News'' (March 21, 1919): 10.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|date=May 2, 1919|title=Gladys Welge Plays at Lyon &amp; Healy Hall|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KXNFAQAAMAAJ&amp;q=Welge|journal=Music News|pages=13}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|date=April 25, 1919|title=Welge School of Music|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KXNFAQAAMAAJ&amp;q=Welge|journal=Music News|pages=17}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|date=April 25, 1919|title=Welge School of Music|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KXNFAQAAMAAJ&amp;q=Welge|journal=Music News|pages=17}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|date=April 25, 1919|title=Gladys Welge Pupils in Recitals|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KXNFAQAAMAAJ&amp;q=Welge|journal=Music News|pages=19}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Beldon|first=Agnes|date=May 26, 1922|title=Welge School of Music|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6GhFAQAAMAAJ&amp;q=Gladys+Welge1&amp;pg=RA20-PA11|journal=Music News|volume=14|pages=11}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|date=June 10, 1921|title=Welge School of Music|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_WdFAQAAMAAJ&amp;q=Gladys%20Welge|journal=Music News|pages=6}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.oakpark.com/News/Articles/5-23-2006/Women%27s-energy-fuels-OP_RF-Symphony-tribute/|title=Women's energy fuels OP-RF Symphony tribute|last=Wilkinson|first=Cathryn|website=Oak Park|access-date=2019-12-06}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://symphonyoprf.org/old-home-page/|title=Old Home Page|date=2018-07-05|website=The Symphony of Oak Park and River Forest|language=en|access-date=2019-12-06}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pQ3Zo_y7xQ8C&amp;q=Gladys+Welge&amp;pg=PA69|title=Oak Park, Illinois: Continuity and Change|last=Sokol|first=David M.|date=2000|publisher=Arcadia Publishing|isbn=978-0-7385-0712-5|pages=69|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/40180295/gladys_welge_1939/|title=Oak Park Symphony Gives Annual Concert; Gladys Welge Leads|date=February 22, 1939|work=Chicago Tribune|access-date=December 6, 2019|page=17|via=Newspapers.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/40180523/gladys_welge_1954/|title=Fontana Woman Concludes Service as Symphony Leader|date=April 10, 1954|work=Janesville Daily Gazette|access-date=December 6, 2019|page=5|via=Newspapers.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/40179861/gladys_welge_1938/|title=Gladys Welge Leads Concert at Grant Park|last=Smith|first=Cecil|date=July 21, 1938|work=Chicago Tribune|access-date=December 6, 2019|page=11|via=Newspapers.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/40180383/gladys_welge_1936/|title=Gladys Welge to Join Tomlinson School Staff|date=July 24, 1936|work=Berwyn Life|access-date=December 6, 2019|page=2|via=Newspapers.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Dempf|first=Linda|date=2006|title=The Woman's Symphony Orchestra of Chicago|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_music-library-association-notes_2006-06_62_4/page/868|journal=Notes|volume=62|issue=4|pages=868|doi=10.1353/not.2006.0048|issn=0027-4380|jstor=4487666|s2cid=191467476}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/40180899/gladys_welge_1971/|title=Calendar|date=December 5, 1971|work=The Los Angeles Times|access-date=December 6, 2019|page=715|via=Newspapers.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/40181114/gladys_welge_1972/|title=Two Church Concerts Will Feature 'Gloria'|date=April 23, 1972|work=The Los Angeles Times|access-date=December 6, 2019|page=254|via=Newspapers.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PQGpAAAAQBAJ&amp;q=Gladys+Welge&amp;pg=PA35|title=Legendary Locals of Oak Park|last=Deuchler|first=Douglas|date=2013|publisher=Arcadia Publishing|isbn=978-1-4671-0086-1|pages=35}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Rexford, Elizabeth. [https://symphonyoprf.files.wordpress.com/2018/07/soprfhistory.pdf &quot;A History of the Symphony of Oak Park &amp; River Forest, in Celebration of its 75th Anniversary&quot;].&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tuugnorgal ==
&lt;references /&gt;
[[Category:Rewbe]]</text>
      <sha1>66xwzqmc1r7vdjdw2mxu5n0g928hv1l</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Joy of Life (Valadon)</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>39859</id>
    <revision>
      <id>183424</id>
      <parentid>163854</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-20T12:17:14Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>6960</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260820sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]]</comment>
      <origin>183424</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3923" sha1="jbo9zl35dejw354ev4hy1922wkfrvbd" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}'''Weltaare Nguurndam (La Joie de vivre)''' ko nate nebam ɗe Suzanne Valadon waɗi, timmini ɗum e hitaande 1911. Nde wasiyaa ko e hitaande 1967 to galle mooftirɗo naalankaagal, to New York.

== Sifaa e firo ==
Suzanne Valadon, Joy of Life ina hollita leydi ndi rewɓe nayo ɓoornaaki comci e semi-ɓuuɓri, tawi gorko ɓoornaaki comci ina ndaara. Gorko mo alaa ko woni e mum oo, ko giɗo Valadon, hono André Utter, ƴetti ɗum. Ɓe kawri ko e ɓiyiiko biyeteeɗo Maurice Utrillo, Utter waɗii nate ɓutte ngam waɗde nate Valadon keewɗe, ina jeyaa heen Aadama e Hawaa (1909) e Casting the Net (1914).

Weltaare Nguurndam tuugii ko e tiitoonde &quot;rewɓe ko tagoore&quot;, ko huunde tippunde e oon sahaa. Gill Perry wiyi wonde natal ngal ina gollina tiitoonde lootooɓe e nder tago. O teskiima wonde rewɓe ɓee « ina nanndi e ceertuɓe e koye mum en, ƴeewoowo gorko oo e tagoore nde taarii ɗum en », ɗum noon ina hollita « jokkondire ɓurɗe laaɓtude, ɗe mbaylaaki e tagoore ndee e ƴeewoowo gorko oo ». Won ko seerndi ƴeewoowo gorko oo e rewɓe jommbaajo oo no ɓe nanndirta e hulɓinaade e teskaade mo. Janngugol Perry ngol ina rewtini heen Patricia Mathews, sibu o siftinii wonde limooje ɗee ko e tagoore, kono ɗe ngonaa ko nanndi e tagoore. O hollitii wonde ƴeewoowo gorko oo « alaa darnde woɗnde e nder nate ɗee so wonaa ndeeɗoo karikatuur ɓadiiɗo ƴeewndo worɓe ɓurɓe heewde doole », sibu rewɓe ɓee nganndaa ko ƴeewtetee.

Rosemary Betterton wiyi wonde limooje ɗee ina mbonna gite gorko, tee, e goonga, ina nanngee e sahaa gooto tawa ina njuumta. E wiyde Mathews, natal ngal rokkataa &quot;haala kuuɓtodinka, ka laaɓti, jiimnooka natal worɓe&quot;. Mathews teskiima, weltaare nguurndam Valadon ina yahdi e laabi ɗi &quot;haalaaji ceertuɗi kawri e golle makko e laabi ɗi keewi welde ngam ittude e ustude firooji jinnaaɓe aadaaji&quot;.

E nder Casting the Net, timmuɗo duuɓi tati caggal ɗuum, Valadon wayli tigi rigi miijo aadaaji gorko/debbo golloowo, o werlii gorko ɓuuɓɗo e darnde huunde.&lt;ref name=&quot;Mathews1991&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Mathews|first=Patricia|date=1991|title=Returning the Gaze: Diverse Representations of the Nude in the Art of Suzanne Valadon|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_art-bulletin_1991-09_73_3/page/n64|journal=Art Bulletin|volume=73|issue=3|pages=415–430|doi=10.2307/3045814|jstor=3045814}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Met&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=Joy of Life|website=[[Metropolitan Museum of Art]]|url=http://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/489551|accessdate=}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Perry&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RVOPnrEcKKsC&amp;q=%22charlotte+du+val+d%27ognes%22&amp;pg=PA248|title=Concise Dictionary of Women Artists|last=Perry|first=Gill|publisher=Routledge|year=2001|editor-last=Gaze|editor-first=Delia|location=New York|pages=669|chapter=Valadon, Suzanne|isbn=9781136599019}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Faxon&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8vxXAQAAQBAJ&amp;q=%22La+Joie+de+vivre%22+valadon&amp;pg=PA531|title=Dictionary of Artist's Models|last=Faxon|first=Alicia Craig|publisher=Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers|year=2001|editor-last=Jiminez|editor-first=Jill Berk|location=London|pages=529–531|chapter=Utter, Andre|isbn=9781135959210}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Mathews&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zUe_iyI2EfUC&amp;q=%22joy+of+life%22+valadon&amp;pg=PA199|title=Passionate Discontent: Creativity, Gender, and French Symbolist Art|last=Mathews|first=Patricia Townley|publisher=University of Chicago Press|year=1999|location=Chicago|pages=199–202|isbn=9780226510187}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Diamand&quot;&gt;{{cite book|last=Diamand-Rosinsky|first=Thérèse|title=Suzanne Valadon|chapter=Les multiples de Suzanne Valadon: Marie-Clémentine, «Biqui», ou «Terrible Maria»?|editor-last=Marchesseau|editor-first=Daniel|location=Martigny, Switzerland|publisher=Fondation Pierre Gianadda|date=1996|page=47}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tuugnorgal ==
&lt;references /&gt;</text>
      <sha1>jbo9zl35dejw354ev4hy1922wkfrvbd</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Feminist Art Program</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>40036</id>
    <revision>
      <id>183516</id>
      <parentid>180811</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-20T14:38:42Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>6960</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260820sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]]</comment>
      <origin>183516</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="6669" sha1="nzhxvtenzmqcds7japid954afkmw2yd" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}'''Porogaraam naalankaagal rewɓe (FAP)''' ko porogaraam naalankaagal to bannge kolees wonande rewɓe, mo naalanke biyeteeɗo Judy Chicago ƴetti e hitaande 1970, naalankooɓe Rita Yokoi, Miriam Schapiro e woɗɓe njokki ɗum. FAP fuɗɗorii ko to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Fresno State College, ko feere ngam haɓaade ŋakkeende potal rewɓe e worɓe e nder jaŋde naalankaagal, e nder winndere naalankaagal e nder kuuɓal. E hitaande 1971, Judy Chicago e Miriam Schapiro ngaddi FAP to Duɗal Naalankaagal Kaliforni kesal sosaangal, ɓe ngoppi Rita Yokoi ngam ardude e FAP Fresno haa nde o woppi golle e hitaande 1992. FAP to Duɗal Naalankaagal Kaliforni ina golloo haa hitaande 1976 ko fayti e wonde debbo tuugiiɗo e jonɗe ƴellitgol hakkillaaji fedde. Heewi wonde ko porogaraam oo seerti e heddiiɓe e duɗal naalankaagal ngal ngam newnude rewɓe ɓee ƴellitaade e nder nokkuuji nannduɗi e werlaa (greenhouse) e woɗɗitaade ñiŋooje laaɓtuɗe. So tawii miijo seernaaɓe ina ñiŋaa wonde ina semmbina jinnaaɓe, FAP waɗii heen miijo duumotooɗo e naalankaagal rewɓe ngal ina waawi yiyeede e retrospectives, e kollirɗe pelle, e golle mbayliigu eɓɓaaɗe asliije.

== Porogaraam naalankaagal rewɓe Fresno ==
Porogaraam naalankaagal rewɓe asliwal ko naalanke biyeteeɗo Judy Chicago ƴetti ɗum. Porogaraam gadano hono oo fuɗɗii ko e lewru ut 1970 to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Fresno, hannde ko duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Kaliforni, Fresno. E ndunngu 1971, Nde wonti porogaraam timmuɗo 15 unit. Ko ɗum woni porogaraam naalankaagal rewɓe gadano e nder leyɗeele dentuɗe Amerik. Almuɓɓe sappo e joy njanngii e les Chicago to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Fresno State College : Dori Atlantis, Susan Boud, Gail Escola, Vanalyne Green, Suzanne Lacy, Cay Lang, Karen LeCocq, Jan Lester, Kris Rush, Judy Schaefer, Henrietta Sparkman, Feith Wilding, Shawnee Wollenman e Nancy Chedelman, Nancy Chedelman. Naalanke biyeteeɗo Vicki Hall golliima e ballal jannginoowo Judy Chicago. E nder heen, e nder Porogaraam Naalankaagal Feminist, ɓeeɗoo rewɓe njooɗiima e moƴƴinde suudu (studio) to caggal duɗal to 1275 Maple Avenue to wuro Fresno. Ɗoo ɓe ngollodii e naalankaagal e waɗde pelle janngirɗe, e pelle yeewtere ko fayti e geɗe nguurndam maɓɓe ɗe ndeen mbaɗti battinde e naalankaagal maɓɓe.

Porogaraam naalankaagal rewɓe Fresno wonnoo ko yeru e golle naalankaagal rewɓe goɗɗe, ko wayi no Womanhouse, koolol naalankaagal rewɓe gollondiral e eɓɓoore adannde peewnaande caggal nde Porogaraam naalankaagal rewɓe yahri to Duɗal Naalankaagal Kaliforni e lewru ut 1971. Sheila de Bretteville e Arlene Raven kadi njannginii e ndeen porogaraam. Womanhouse, hono eɓɓaande Fresno ndee, ƴellitii kadi haa wonti nokku ɗo rewɓe ngoni ɗoo, ƴelliti miijo naalankaagal rewɓe gollondiral.

Caggal nde Chicago ummii CalArts, jaŋde ndee to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Fresno, Rita Yokoi jokki ɗum gila 1971 haa 1973, caggal ɗuum Joyce Aiken jokki ɗum e hitaande 1973, haa o woppi golle makko e hitaande 1992.[a]

== Porogaraam naalankaagal rewɓe (FAP) to CalArts ==
Caggal ɗuum, Chicago e Miriam Schapiro ndartini kadi Fedde Naalankaagal Rewɓe (FAP) to Duɗal Naalankaagal Kaliforni.

Porogaraam naalankaagal rewɓe (FAP) ko Judy Chicago e Miriam Schapiro sosi ɗum to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde naalankaagal to Kaliforni to Valencia, Kaliforni, e hitaande 1971. E dow &quot;karallaagal jaŋde radikal&quot; ngal o fuɗɗii ƴeewndaade e nder ekkolaaji makko ngam rewɓe e hitaande 1970–1971, nde o gollinoo to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Fres ina heɓee e rewɓe tan. Chicago haa teeŋti noon miijii wonde o foti ko &quot;waɗde&quot; jaŋde makko e wonde daartoowo naalankaagal, nde tawnoo worɓe tan njanngini mo, o miijii wonde ngalɗoo daawal ina addana mo yiyde worɓe no naalanke nii, kadi ina haɗi mo ƴellitde &quot;mbaydi makko, ɗemngal naalankaagal, e fannu makko&quot;.

== Kuutorgal Studio Feministe ==
Ko Judy Chicago, Arlene Raven, e Sheila Levrant de Bretteville cosi ɗum to Los Angeles e hitaande 1973, ko ɗum woni porogaraam naalankaagal rewɓe duuɓi ɗiɗi. Rewɓe ummoriiɓe e porogaraam oo mbaɗii heen geɗe keewɗe ngam yiytude e sosde Galle Rewɓe, nokku keeriiɗo gadano ngam hollirde naalankaagal e pinal rewɓe. Nde tawnoo ɓe ngoppii weeyo ngo worɓe ɓuri heewde e CalArts e yiɗde nokku maɓɓe, jannginooɓe ɓee mbaɗti jannginde ekkolaaji maɓɓe e dow mbaydi ndi wonaa njuɓɓudi laamu, ɓe mbaɗti heen hakkillaaji maɓɓe e jannginde almudɓe e fannuuji naalankaagal ɗi ngalaa aadaaji ko wayi no naalankaagal performance e graphic design. Chicago yalti e suudu gollordu rewɓe e hitaande 1974 ngam golloraade The Dinner Party, e nder duuɓi sappo ɗii, Raven e de Bretteville njalti kadi, eɓɓoore ndee ƴetti ko almudɓe ɓennuɓe. Kono binnditagol e nder Feminist Studio Workshop ustiima nde ngonka politik wayli, kaalis laamu ustii. Porogaraam oo udditaa ko e hitaande 1981, hay so tawii noon Suudu Debbo nduu e hoore mum ina udditaa haa hitaande 1991.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=Entering the Picture: Judy Chicago, The Feminist Art Program and the Collective Visions of Women Artists|last=Fields|first=Jill|publisher=Routledge|year=2012|isbn=978-0415887694|location=New York, NY|pages=37–41}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Fresno1&quot;&gt;{{cite web|author1=Dr. Laura Meyer|author2=Nancy Youdelman|title=A Studio of Their Own: The Legacy of the Fresno Feminist Art Experiment|work=A Studio of their Own|url=http://www.astudiooftheirown.org/legacy.html|access-date=8 January 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|last=Harper|first=Paula|year=1985|title=The First Feminist Art Program: A View from the 1980s|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_signs_summer-1985_10_4/page/762|journal=[[Signs (journal)|Signs]]|volume=10|issue=4|pages=762–81|doi=10.1086/494182|jstor=3174313|s2cid=145242132}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Meyer|first=Laura|url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt1bw1k6k|title=Sons And Daughters Of Los: Culture And Community In L.A.|date=2003|publisher=Temple University Press|isbn=978-1-59213-012-2|editor-last=James|editor-first=David E.|pages=39–62|chapter=The Los Angeles Woman’s Building and the Feminist Art Community, 1973–1991|jstor=j.ctt1bw1k6k}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Sorkin|first=Jenni|author-link=Jenni Sorkin|title=Doin' It in Public: Feminism and Art at the Woman's Building|url=https://archive.org/details/doinitinpublicfe0000unse|publisher=Otis College of Art and Design|year=2011|isbn=978-0930209223|pages=[https://archive.org/details/doinitinpublicfe0000unse/page/36 36]–65|chapter=Learning From Los Angeles: Pedagogical Predecessors at the Woman's Building}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tuugnorgal ==
&lt;references /&gt;</text>
      <sha1>nzhxvtenzmqcds7japid954afkmw2yd</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Alice Mossie Brues</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>40175</id>
    <revision>
      <id>183468</id>
      <parentid>164868</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-20T13:18:24Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>6960</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260820sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]]</comment>
      <origin>183468</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3607" sha1="qgreetrrgm9cczwvhs6snwnvr099s9g" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}'''Alice Mossie Brues''' (9 Oktoobar 1913 - 14 Yarkomaa 2007) ko ganndo ko faati e neɗɗaagu ɓalliwal.

== Nguurndam ==
Alice ko ɓiy Charles Thomas Brues, ganndo ko faati e mborosaaji to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Harvard, e yumma mum ganndo ko faati e leɗɗe, hono Beirne Barrett Brues. Alice ko ganndo tago, ganndo ko faati e leɗɗe. E nder cukaagu makko o heewnoo rokkeede golle mooftude ɓowɗi e leɗɗe e jibnaaɓe makko e yumma makko e hitaande 1924 yaltini deftere deftere nde ɓesnguuji ɗii ƴeewti. E hitaande 1933, Alice heɓi bak mum to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Bryn Mawr, o janngi ko faati e filosofi e ganndal hakkille. Caggal ɗuum o janngi e les njiimaandi Earnest Hooton, o heɓi doktoraa makko to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Harvard e hitaande 1940 e ganndal annduɓe ɓalliwal.

Golle makko gadane ɗee ko gollodiiɗo wiɗto to suudu defte Peabody to Harvard, caggal ɗuum o woni ganndo anthropologie jiiloowo e fedde wiyeteende Chemical Corps. E hitaande 1946 o ƴetti golle balloowo jannginoowo to duɗal jaaɓi-haaɗtirde Oklahoma to duɗal jaaɓi-haaɗtirde safaara, caggal ɗuum o artiraa jannginoowo timmuɗo e hitaande 1960. O woniino kadi gardiiɗo anthropologie physique to suudu defte Stovall to Norman, Okla. Nde o woni gardiiɗo anthropologie physique to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Oklahoma to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde safaara, o wallitii e fannuuji paleopathologie e anthropologie forensic.E hitaande 1965, Brues hoosaama e departemaa anthropologie to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Colorado to Boulder, ɗo o woni haa o arti e golle makko e hitaande 1965 kala fedde karallaagal nde o wonnoo tergal mum : Fedde Ameriknaare Anthropologie Fisique (AAPA), Fedde Biyoloji Aadee e Akademi Ameriknaajo Ganndal Forensik. O woniino gardiiɗo jaaynde Ameriknaare wiyeteende American Journal of Physical Anthropology fotde duuɓi nay, o woniino tergal e goomu toppitiingu AAPA fotde duuɓi tati, o woniino cukko hooreejo AAPA tuggi 1966 haa 1968 e hooreejo AAPA tuggi 1971 haa 1973. O woniino tergal e goomu toppitiingu golle Binciul e hitaande 1973 Hittande 1976-77. O woniino kadi tergal e goomu wasiyaaji Duɗal Ngenndiwal Wiɗtooji Dental (1972–75) e goomu ƴeewndo fedde ngam Duɗal Ngenndiwal Cellal Hakkille (1976–77).

O yaltinii ko ina ɓura 300 binndanɗe ganndal, e defte keewɗe, ɓurɗe teeŋtude heen ko People and Races (1977). Alice halfinii ndeeɗoo golle baaba mum, sibu o wiyi ko kanko janngini ɗum « miijaade biyoloji » gila omo famɗi no feewi. Golle ɗee ina njeyaa e ɗe cakkitiiɗe yaltude e ko fayti e njiyaagu ummoraade e ko ɓuri heewde e yi’annde anthropologie physique e nder ƴiiƴam Carleton Coon (mo Brues kadi gollodii e mum) e nde yaltinaa kadi e hitaande 1990. Nde heɓi heen ƴeewte moƴƴe, hay so tawii won heen ina njillondiri e ko boni.&lt;ref name=&quot;SandfordKilgore2008&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|last1=Sandford|first1=Mary K.|last2=Kilgore|first2=Lynn|last3=Dufour|first3=Darna L.|last4=Regensteiner|first4=Judith G.|title=Alice Mossie Brues (1913–2007)|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_american-anthropologist_2008-03_110_1/page/157|journal=American Anthropologist|volume=110|issue=1|year=2008|pages=157–160|issn=0002-7294|doi=10.1111/j.1548-1433.2008.00019_1.x}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last1=Buikstra|first1=Jane|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=E_tQEAAAQBAJ&amp;dq=Alice+Mossie+Brues&amp;pg=PA156|title=The Global History of Paleopathology: Pioneers and Prospects|last2=Roberts|first2=Charlotte|date=2011-05-01|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-973437-5|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tuugnorgal ==
&lt;references /&gt;
[[Category:Rewbe]]</text>
      <sha1>qgreetrrgm9cczwvhs6snwnvr099s9g</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Muslim feminist views on hijab</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>40276</id>
    <revision>
      <id>183501</id>
      <parentid>180898</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-20T14:18:30Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>6960</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260820sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]]</comment>
      <origin>183501</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="8327" sha1="s3s5lr291y5wpt9x0eg2qsqu73sr3qy" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}'''Miijooji rewɓe lislaam''' e dow mbaydiiji ɓoornagol ina mbaɗi miijooji e geɗe jowitiiɗe e mbaydiiji ɓoornagol rewɓe e nder lislaam, haa teeŋti e hijab e niqāb. Hijab ko sifaa ɓuuɓɗo mo ɓuuɓnata ɓalndu gila e ƴiye haa e ɓalndu. Niqāb ko mbaydi ɓuuɓndi yeeso ko e nder hijab sartorial. Miijooji ina ceerti e nder rewɓe juulɓe ko fayti e nafoore ɓuuɓri.

== Quraana ==
Qur’aana hollitii wonde worɓe e rewɓe ina poti ɓoornaade comci laaɓtuɗi (33:59-60, 24:30-31; e firo Ali, 1988, 1126-27). Kono nde huutoraaki kelme veil, hijab, burka, chador, walla abaya. E nder ɗuum, ina huutoroo kelme jilbab (kaɓirgal) e khumur (kaɓirgal). Ɗiin comci suddataa yeeso, juuɗe, walla koyɗe.

====== Firooji ======
Firooji no rewɓe foti ɓoornortoo ina ceerti fawaade e pine ceertuɗe, e nokkuuji ceertuɗi, e diineeji lislaam ceertuɗi. Yeru, pelle suufiyankooje ko wayi no Al-Ahbash, mbaɗataa ko ina addana rewɓe ɓoornaade comci gaadanteeji lislaam, hay so ina njaɓa jeans.
Yiyngooji teeŋtinɗi ndimaagu suɓaade ɓoornaade hijab

Won e feministe en juulɓe ina njiyra veil ko maande ndimaagu lislaam walla ko wayi no ina ndokkira ɗum maanaa keeriiɗo.

Feministe en hono Leila Ahmed mbiyi veil nattii hollirde « ɗooftaade ngaandi debbo walla ko famɗi fof ŋakkeende suɓaade », e teskaade wonde juulɓe Amerik heewɓe ina ɓoornii hijab ngam hollirde luural mum en e njiyaagu luulndiingu juulɓe caggal njanngu 11 suwee walla ngam hollirde ballal mum en e Palestiin[.

Won e feministe en ina njokkondiri ndimaagu ɓoornaade hijab e rewɓe jogiiɓe hakke e ɓalli mum en. Filoosof en rewɓe hono Luce Irigaray ina teskii wonde veil ina waawi ƴettude darnde doole ko fayti e ceertugol rewɓe e worɓe. Publicist Nadiya Takolia ƴettii hijab caggal nde wonti feministe, o wiyi hijab &quot;wonaa ngam reende e njiimaandi worɓe&quot;, kono ko &quot;haalde aduna oo wonde debbo am alaa ko waawi ñaameede e renndo... kadi mi yiɗaa jeyeede e system ustoowo e lesɗinoowo rewɓe.&quot;

Yiyngo wooto e feminism juulɓe hannde oo ina hollita wonde ndimaagu debbo ina jogii nafoore mawnde, kadi ina foti waawde suɓaade so ina ɓoornoo wutte walla alaa tawa o dogaani walla o hulɓinaaka. Ndee ɗoo yi’annde ina tiiɗi e hollirde hoore mum diine lislaam, jogaade wonde rewɓe juulɓe ina poti waawde siifde koye mum en e ko ɓe cikkata ko ngam semmbinde ɓe e hoore maɓɓe.

Ñalngu Hijab winndereewu, ngu Nazma Khan, jeyaaɗo to leydi Bangladesh, fuɗɗii, ko ñalngu ngu yimɓe fof njiɗi waɗde hitaande kala.
Yiyngooji luulndiiɗi hijab doole
Ƴeew kadi: Seppooji Iraan ngam salaade hijab doole

Rewɓe luulndiiɓe hijab doole ina mbiya wonde suɗaade ɓanndu nduu fof e burka, chador, e geɗe goɗɗe koltu ko aada pinal ummoriiɗo e jaŋde Qur’aana nde mullaaji worɓe mbaɗata, tee Qur’aana e hoore mum ɗaɓɓaani suɗaade hono noon.

== Yiyngooji baɗɗi haɗde hijab ==
Taƴre juulɓe feministe en, ina heen Fadela Amara e Hédi M’henni, ina mballita e haɗde hijab, ina mbiya wonde e dow tagoodi mum ko njiimaandi rewɓe. Amara ina jokki e haɗde Farayse ɓoornaade comci ɗii e nder galleeji laamu, o wiyi « veil ko maande yi’eteende e njiimaandi rewɓe, ɗum noon alaa ɗo haaɗi e nder nokkuuji jillondirɗi, sekulaaruuji e nder duɗe laamu Farayse ». O holliti kadi feministe en to Alseri haɓannooɓe ɓoornaade comci, o tuumi ɓeen ñiŋooɓe haɗde ɗum en wonde ina tawtoree neokolonialism. Mhenni hollitii ballal mum e Tuunus haɗde veil e dow dalillaaji nannduɗi e ɗii, o wiyi jaɓde veil ina addana jaɓde hakkeeji rewɓe ina pamɗi.

Sihem Habchi, gardinooɗo fedde rewɓe Farayse wiyeteende Ni Putes Ni Soumises, hollitii kadi ballal mum e haɗde Farayse ɓoornaade burka e nokkuuji renndo, o wiyi wonde haɗde ɗum ko huunde « kuule demokaraasi » tee ina reena rewɓe Farayse e « dillere obscurantiste, fasiste, droite » nde o wiyi burqa ina lomtoo.&lt;ref name=&quot;m203&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|last=Al Wazni|first=Anderson Beckmann|title=Muslim Women in America and Hijab: A Study of Empowerment, Feminist Identity, and Body Image|journal=Social Work|volume=60|issue=4|date=2015|issn=0037-8046|doi=10.1093/sw/swv033|pages=325–333|pmid=26489353}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;a967&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|last=Hasan|first=Md. Mahmudul|title=The Feminist &quot;Quarantine&quot; on Hijab: A Study of Its Two Mutually Exclusive Sets of Meanings|journal=Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs|volume=38|issue=1|date=2 January 2018|issn=1360-2004|doi=10.1080/13602004.2018.1434941|pages=24–38}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;a9672&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|last=Hasan|first=Md. Mahmudul|title=The Feminist &quot;Quarantine&quot; on Hijab: A Study of Its Two Mutually Exclusive Sets of Meanings|journal=Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs|volume=38|issue=1|date=2 January 2018|issn=1360-2004|doi=10.1080/13602004.2018.1434941|pages=24–38}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceB&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|last1=Berger|first1=Anne-Emmanuelle|date=1998|title=The Newly Veiled Woman: Irigaray, Specularity, and the Islamic Veil|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_diacritics_spring-1998_28_1/page/93|journal=Diacritics|volume=28|issue=1|pages=93–119|doi=10.1353/dia.1998.0001|jstor=1566326|s2cid=170559271}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite magazine|last=Moeveni|first=Azadeh|date=June 13, 2011|title=Is the Veil Now a Symbol of Islamic Freedom?|magazine=Time|url=http://content.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,2076653,00.html|url-status=live|access-date=2014-05-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140503061813/http://content.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,2076653,00.html|archive-date=2014-05-03}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|last1=Takolia|first1=Nadiya|title=The hijab has liberated me from society's expectations of women|url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2012/may/28/hijab-society-women-religious-political|access-date=1 December 2022|work=The Guardian|date=28 May 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Veiling and Hijab as understood|url=http://www.irfi.org/articles/articles_301_350/veiling_and_hijab_as_understood.htm|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151115172313/http://www.irfi.org/articles/articles_301_350/veiling_and_hijab_as_understood.htm|archive-date=2015-11-15|accessdate=9 December 2015|work=irfi.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://worldhijabday.com/|title=World Hijab Day - Better Awareness. Greater Understanding. Peaceful World|access-date=13 September 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161006192248/http://worldhijabday.com/|archive-date=2016-10-06|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Asma Barlas|title=Believing Women in Islam|url=https://archive.org/details/believingwomenin0000barl|date=2002|publisher=University of Texas Press|location=Austin|pages=[https://archive.org/details/believingwomenin0000barl/page/53 53]–55}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;guardian17Jul2006&quot;&gt;{{cite news|last=George|first=Rose|date=July 17, 2006|title=Ghetto warrior|work=The Guardian|location=London|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2006/jul/17/france.politicsphilosophyandsociety|url-status=live|accessdate=May 5, 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130830072547/http://www.theguardian.com/world/2006/jul/17/france.politicsphilosophyandsociety|archive-date=2013-08-30}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=IslamOnline.net- News|url=http://www.islamonline.net/English/News/2006-10/06/06.shtml|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100601165818/http://www.islamonline.net/English/News/2006-10/06/06.shtml|archivedate=June 1, 2010|accessdate=August 31, 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|last=Malik|first=Zubeida|date=March 15, 2010|title=France's burka dilemma|work=BBC News|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/today/hi/today/newsid_8568000/8568024.stm|url-status=live|access-date=2010-07-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100809035550/http://news.bbc.co.uk/today/hi/today/newsid_8568000/8568024.stm|archive-date=2010-08-09}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Ni Putes Ni Soumises Organizes a Protest Against the Burqa - VINGT Paris News|url=http://www.vingtparismagazine.com/2010/01/ni-putes-ni-soumises-organizes-a-protest-against-the-burqa.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100522080511/http://www.vingtparismagazine.com/2010/01/ni-putes-ni-soumises-organizes-a-protest-against-the-burqa.html|archive-date=2010-05-22|access-date=2010-07-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tuugnorgal ==
&lt;references /&gt;</text>
      <sha1>s3s5lr291y5wpt9x0eg2qsqu73sr3qy</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Plautilla</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>40600</id>
    <revision>
      <id>183512</id>
      <parentid>166250</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-20T14:34:28Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>6960</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Add 2 books for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260820sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]]</comment>
      <origin>183512</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="5790" sha1="m1bp4pnvrbb5c4rviwjffv07novhihm" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}'''Plautilla''' (maayɗo c. 67) ko innde jokkondirnde e aadaaji ɓooyɗi e yontaaji hakkundeeji e matron Roomnaajo dewondirɗo jokkondirɗo e martiri Nulaaɗo Pool. E nder daartol apokrifa e daartol caggal mum, o hawri e Pool nde o ardii e warngo caggal wuro, o rokki mo wutte makko ngam o waawa ɓuuɓnude gite makko; caggal nde o taƴaa hoore makko, wutte oo artiraa e makko e kaawisaaji.&lt;ref name=&quot;Martyrium&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=Ps.-Linus, ''Martyrium Pauli apostoli'' (trans. Andrew Eastbourne)|url=https://www.tertullian.org/fathers/linus_02_paul.htm|access-date=13 September 2025|website=Tertullian.org|publisher=Roger Pearse|quote=“…binding his eyes with Plautilla’s veil he planted both knees on the ground and extended his neck.” §16}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;GL&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=Jacobus de Voragine, ''Golden Legend'': Life of St. Paul (Caxton trans.)|url=https://sourcebooks.fordham.edu/basis/goldenlegend/GoldenLegend-Volume1.asp#Paul|access-date=13 September 2025|website=Fordham Medieval Sourcebook}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Fuɗɗoode e lefol ==
Ko ɓuri laaɓtude e motif veil oo feeñii ko e apokrifon ɓooyɗo/fuɗɗoode jamaanu hakkundeejo ganndiraaɗo Martyrium Pauli (Martiri Paul), gonɗo e innde Linus ; taƴre 16 ina siftina wonde Pool &quot;haɓɓi gite mum e mbaydi Plautilla&quot; hade mum warde.&lt;ref name=&quot;Martyrium3&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=Ps.-Linus, ''Martyrium Pauli apostoli'' (trans. Andrew Eastbourne)|url=https://www.tertullian.org/fathers/linus_02_paul.htm|access-date=13 September 2025|website=Tertullian.org|publisher=Roger Pearse|quote=“…binding his eyes with Plautilla’s veil he planted both knees on the ground and extended his neck.” §16}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Kompendiyaaji jamaanu hakkundeejo, haa teeŋti noon e Legend d'Or de Jacobus de Voragine, ina njuɓɓina e ina njiyloo yeewtere ndee (ina heewi rokkude Plautilla innde woɗnde « Lemobia »), ina haala wonde nde Pool ardinoo warngo to damal Ostian, debbo Kerecee Plautilla ina woya, ina naamnoo duwaawu mum ; o jaabii, &quot;Plautilla, 6icfcfo am debbo 6urcfo teddude, 6amtu am 6uu6ol ngol 6uu6nata hoore maa ngol. Mi 6uu6na gite am e maggol, ndeen noon aɗa hoota ngol&quot;, caggal cfuum 6uu6ol ngol 6uuccii mo sabu o rokkii &quot;enchanter&quot; 6uu6ol teddungol nii, 6uu6ol ngol artiraa e makko e kaawisaaji.&lt;ref name=&quot;GL4&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=Jacobus de Voragine, ''Golden Legend'': Life of St. Paul (Caxton trans.)|url=https://sourcebooks.fordham.edu/basis/goldenlegend/GoldenLegend-Volume1.asp#Paul|access-date=13 September 2025|website=Fordham Medieval Sourcebook}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Siftorde liturgi ==
E nder aadaaji Bizantiin en, Plautilla (&quot;Πλατίλλα ἡ Ῥωμαία&quot;) ina siftoree ñalnde 20 mee.&lt;ref name=&quot;GL3&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=Jacobus de Voragine, ''Golden Legend'': Life of St. Paul (Caxton trans.)|url=https://sourcebooks.fordham.edu/basis/goldenlegend/GoldenLegend-Volume1.asp#Paul|access-date=13 September 2025|website=Fordham Medieval Sourcebook}}&lt;/ref&gt;

E wiyde aadaaji, o wuuri ko e teeminannde 1ɓiire caggal jibineede Iisaa to Rome, o lootaama e Nulaaɗo Piyeer, o hiisetee ko yumma Saint Domitilla. O maayi ko e martaba e hitaande 67 caggal Iisaa.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|last=Bauman|first=Guy Caesar|year=1977|title=The Miracle of Plautilla’s Veil in Princeton’s “Beheading of Saint Paul”|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_record-of-the-art-museum-princeton-university_1977_36_1/page/3|journal=Record of the Art Museum, Princeton University|volume=36|issue=1|pages=3–11|doi=10.2307/3774443|jstor=3774443}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=The Beheading of Saint Paul|url=https://artmuseum.princeton.edu/collections/objects/42737|access-date=13 September 2025|website=Princeton University Art Museum}}&lt;/ref&gt;

E nder naalankaagal e jaɓɓagol

&quot;Veil de Plautilla&quot; wonti motif anndaaɗo e nder naalankaagal hirnaange holliroowo taƴgol hoore Paul e kaawis caggal maayde mum. Naatgol e nder mooɓondiral musee e wiɗtooji daartol-naalankaagal ina kollita nokku ɗo Pool ɗaɓɓiri wutte debbo, caggal ɗuum o artiri ɗum e kaawisaaji:

Taƴre duɗal jaaɓi-haaɗtirde Princeton, nde tiitoonde mum woni « Taƴgol hoore Saint Paul » ndee, janngaama e nder lewru « kaawisaaji mbaydi Plautilla », ko Guy C. Bauman (1977) yeewti.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|last=Bauman|first=Guy Caesar|year=1977|title=The Miracle of Plautilla’s Veil in Princeton’s “Beheading of Saint Paul”|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_record-of-the-art-museum-princeton-university_1977_36_1/page/3|journal=Record of the Art Museum, Princeton University|volume=36|issue=1|pages=3–11|doi=10.2307/3774443|jstor=3774443}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=The Beheading of Saint Paul|url=https://artmuseum.princeton.edu/collections/objects/42737|access-date=13 September 2025|website=Princeton University Art Museum}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Trecento Itaaliyanke fuɗɗorde to suudu defte J. Paul Getty ina hollita taƴgol hoore Saint Paul e kaawisaaji veil Plautilla.&lt;ref name=&quot;Martyrium2&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=Ps.-Linus, ''Martyrium Pauli apostoli'' (trans. Andrew Eastbourne)|url=https://www.tertullian.org/fathers/linus_02_paul.htm|access-date=13 September 2025|website=Tertullian.org|publisher=Roger Pearse|quote=“…binding his eyes with Plautilla’s veil he planted both knees on the ground and extended his neck.” §16}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;GL2&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=Jacobus de Voragine, ''Golden Legend'': Life of St. Paul (Caxton trans.)|url=https://sourcebooks.fordham.edu/basis/goldenlegend/GoldenLegend-Volume1.asp#Paul|access-date=13 September 2025|website=Fordham Medieval Sourcebook}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Musiyum ñeeñal, Boston ina joginoo nate Flamand ina wiyee Saint Paul ina ɗaɓɓa Veil Plautilla, ina hollita heen laaɓndal wonde Legend Golden ko iwdi daartol mum.[7]

== Ƴeew kadi ==
Kuuɗe Pool

Doggol seniiɓe Kerecee’en arande’en

== Tuugnorgal ==</text>
      <sha1>m1bp4pnvrbb5c4rviwjffv07novhihm</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Haenosaki Station</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>41853</id>
    <revision>
      <id>183539</id>
      <parentid>172425</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-21T10:40:47Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ilya Discuss</username>
        <id>10103</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>183539</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3452" sha1="1f4r40re58tg2odak85g4a7mrza7wjv" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}

'''Gaaraas Haenosaki''' (南風崎駅, Haenosaki-eki) ko gartirgal laana njoorndi njoorndi yimɓe, woni ko e wuro Haenosaki-cho, Sasebo, e nder diiwaan Nagasaki, Japon. Ko JR Kyushu woni gollorde nde.

== Diidi ==
Staasiyoŋ oo ko laana Ōmura gollotoo, ina woni 5,6 km e nokku ɗo laana kaa fuɗɗotoo to Haiki. Ko otooji nokkuuji ɗii tan njoofata e gartirgol ngol.

== Laylaytol station ==
Staasiyoŋ oo ina waɗi laylayti ɗiɗi banngeeji kuutortooɗi laabi ɗiɗi tawa ina waɗi branching siding off track 1. Mahdi staasiyoŋ oo, ko mbaydi njamndi mboɗeeri, ndi alaa ko woni e mum, suudu daɗndu nduu ina udditaa. Heɓde plateau bannge goɗɗo oo ko e laawol taƴgol tolno e paɗe e banngeeji ɗiɗi ɗii kala.&lt;ref name=&quot;hacchi2&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://hacchi-no-he.net/line/oomura/station/0020_haenosaki.htm|title=南風崎|trans-title=Haenosaki|accessdate=21 March 2018|website=hacchi-no-he.net}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;kawashima2&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Kawashima|first=Ryōzō|script-title=ja: 図説: 日本の鉄道 四国・九州ライン 全線・全駅・全配線・第5巻 長崎 佐賀 エリア|year=2013|publisher=Kodansha|isbn=9784062951647|trans-title=Japan Railways Illustrated. Shikoku and Kyushu. All lines, all stations, all track layouts. Volume 5 Nagasaki Saga area|language=Japanese|pages=26, 73}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;ameblo&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://ameblo.jp/aru-king/entry-12057204247.html|title=大村線・南風崎駅に行ってきました|trans-title=I went to Haenosaki Station Ōmura Line|date=2 August 2015|accessdate=21 March 2018|website=Ameblo.jp}} Blog entry with good photographic coverage of station facilities.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Plateauji ==
* Laana Ōmura ngam yahde Nagasaki

* Laana Ōmura ngam Sasebo

* Yiyngo plateauji e laabi. Tesko-ɗen taƴre tolno.

* Yiyngo plateauji e laabi. Tesko-ɗen taƴre tolno.

== Tariya ==
Laana njoorndi Kyushu keeriiɗo, e nder mahngo laana njoorndi feewde Nagasaki, udditiino laawol feewde fuɗnaange gila Tosu haa Saga e Takeo (hannde Takeo-Onsen) e hitaande 1895. E hitaande 1897, laawol ngol yettiima Haiki. E daawal garoowal yaajde, laawol ngol yaajnaama feewde Ōmura ngol udditaa ko no jolngo keso ñalnde 20 lewru Yarkomaa 1898. Haenosaki udditaa e ñalawma gooto ko jolngo hakkunde Haiki e Ōmura. 

Nde laawol laana njoorndi Kyushu ngol waɗtaa ngenndi ñalnde 1 sulyee 1907, laana njoorndi laamu Japon (JGR) ƴetti laamu nguu.

Ñalnde 12 oktoobar 1909, laawol ummoraade Tosu rewrude e Haiki feewde Nagasaki toɗɗaa ko laawol mawngol Nagasaki. Ñalnde 1 desaambar 1934, laawol goɗngol rokkaama innde laana mawka Nagasaki e laawol ummoraade Haiki, rewrude e Haenosaki haa Isahaya inniraama laana Ōmura.

E privatisaasiyoŋ laana njoorndi leydi Japon (JNR), lomto JGR, ñalnde 1 abriil 1987, njiimaandi laana njoorndi ndii arti e juuɗe JR Kyushu. 

E joofnirde wolde adunaare ɗimmere, soldateeɓe Japon e siwil en ummoriiɓe caggal leydi, koɗnoo ko e duunde Hario, saraaji mum. Caggal nde ɓe ngoppitaa dumunna, ɓe ngartiraa galleeji maɓɓe e nder otooji keertiiɗi ummoraade e Gare Haenosaki. 

Ndee feccere e daartol station ina winndaa e dow alluwal maande to station.

== Limlebbi yahooɓe ==
E hitaande 2014, ko ina tolnoo e 6 423 yah-ngartaa, zum wonnoo ko 18 yah-ngartaa e yontere kala.

== Nokku taariindi ==

== Posto Haenosaki ==
Biro wuro Sasebo Catal Miya

== Ƴeew kadi ==
Doggol nokkuuji ɗo laaɗe diwooje njolnata e nder leydi Japon

== Himobe ==</text>
      <sha1>1f4r40re58tg2odak85g4a7mrza7wjv</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>183540</id>
      <parentid>183539</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-21T10:41:57Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ilya Discuss</username>
        <id>10103</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>183540</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3867" sha1="ixs3n01bpnv5qskesedrqyc5bymphfr" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}

'''Gaaraas Haenosaki''' (南風崎駅, Haenosaki-eki) ko gartirgal laana njoorndi njoorndi yimɓe, woni ko e wuro Haenosaki-cho, Sasebo, e nder diiwaan Nagasaki, Japon. Ko JR Kyushu woni gollorde nde.

== Diidi ==
Staasiyoŋ oo ko laana Ōmura gollotoo, ina woni 5,6 km e nokku ɗo laana kaa fuɗɗotoo to Haiki. Ko otooji nokkuuji ɗii tan njoofata e gartirgol ngol..&lt;ref name=&quot;prefstats&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.pref.nagasaki.jp/bunrui/kenseijoho/toukeijoho/kankoubutsu/nenkan/285599.html#unyu|title=第63版（平成28年）長崎県統計年鑑|trans-title=Nagasaki Prefecture Statistics Yearbook 63rd Edition 2016|accessdate=16 March 2018|website=Nagasaki Prefectural Government website}} See table at section under Transportation and Communications.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Laylaytol station ==
Staasiyoŋ oo ina waɗi laylayti ɗiɗi banngeeji kuutortooɗi laabi ɗiɗi tawa ina waɗi branching siding off track 1. Mahdi staasiyoŋ oo, ko mbaydi njamndi mboɗeeri, ndi alaa ko woni e mum, suudu daɗndu nduu ina udditaa. Heɓde plateau bannge goɗɗo oo ko e laawol taƴgol tolno e paɗe e banngeeji ɗiɗi ɗii kala.&lt;ref name=&quot;hacchi2&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://hacchi-no-he.net/line/oomura/station/0020_haenosaki.htm|title=南風崎|trans-title=Haenosaki|accessdate=21 March 2018|website=hacchi-no-he.net}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;kawashima2&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Kawashima|first=Ryōzō|script-title=ja: 図説: 日本の鉄道 四国・九州ライン 全線・全駅・全配線・第5巻 長崎 佐賀 エリア|year=2013|publisher=Kodansha|isbn=9784062951647|trans-title=Japan Railways Illustrated. Shikoku and Kyushu. All lines, all stations, all track layouts. Volume 5 Nagasaki Saga area|language=Japanese|pages=26, 73}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;ameblo&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://ameblo.jp/aru-king/entry-12057204247.html|title=大村線・南風崎駅に行ってきました|trans-title=I went to Haenosaki Station Ōmura Line|date=2 August 2015|accessdate=21 March 2018|website=Ameblo.jp}} Blog entry with good photographic coverage of station facilities.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Plateauji ==
* Laana Ōmura ngam yahde Nagasaki

* Laana Ōmura ngam Sasebo

* Yiyngo plateauji e laabi. Tesko-ɗen taƴre tolno.

* Yiyngo plateauji e laabi. Tesko-ɗen taƴre tolno.

== Tariya ==
Laana njoorndi Kyushu keeriiɗo, e nder mahngo laana njoorndi feewde Nagasaki, udditiino laawol feewde fuɗnaange gila Tosu haa Saga e Takeo (hannde Takeo-Onsen) e hitaande 1895. E hitaande 1897, laawol ngol yettiima Haiki. E daawal garoowal yaajde, laawol ngol yaajnaama feewde Ōmura ngol udditaa ko no jolngo keso ñalnde 20 lewru Yarkomaa 1898. Haenosaki udditaa e ñalawma gooto ko jolngo hakkunde Haiki e Ōmura. 

Nde laawol laana njoorndi Kyushu ngol waɗtaa ngenndi ñalnde 1 sulyee 1907, laana njoorndi laamu Japon (JGR) ƴetti laamu nguu.

Ñalnde 12 oktoobar 1909, laawol ummoraade Tosu rewrude e Haiki feewde Nagasaki toɗɗaa ko laawol mawngol Nagasaki. Ñalnde 1 desaambar 1934, laawol goɗngol rokkaama innde laana mawka Nagasaki e laawol ummoraade Haiki, rewrude e Haenosaki haa Isahaya inniraama laana Ōmura.

E privatisaasiyoŋ laana njoorndi leydi Japon (JNR), lomto JGR, ñalnde 1 abriil 1987, njiimaandi laana njoorndi ndii arti e juuɗe JR Kyushu. 

E joofnirde wolde adunaare ɗimmere, soldateeɓe Japon e siwil en ummoriiɓe caggal leydi, koɗnoo ko e duunde Hario, saraaji mum. Caggal nde ɓe ngoppitaa dumunna, ɓe ngartiraa galleeji maɓɓe e nder otooji keertiiɗi ummoraade e Gare Haenosaki. 

Ndee feccere e daartol station ina winndaa e dow alluwal maande to station.

== Limlebbi yahooɓe ==
E hitaande 2014, ko ina tolnoo e 6 423 yah-ngartaa, zum wonnoo ko 18 yah-ngartaa e yontere kala.

== Nokku taariindi ==

== Posto Haenosaki ==
Biro wuro Sasebo Catal Miya

== Ƴeew kadi ==
Doggol nokkuuji ɗo laaɗe diwooje njolnata e nder leydi Japon

== Himobe ==

== Tuugnorgal ==</text>
      <sha1>ixs3n01bpnv5qskesedrqyc5bymphfr</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>183541</id>
      <parentid>183540</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-21T10:43:05Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ilya Discuss</username>
        <id>10103</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>183541</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3954" sha1="fgjigt5unsjqt2hbwen11j1n6cqz4ks" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}

'''Gaaraas Haenosaki''' (南風崎駅, Haenosaki-eki) ko gartirgal laana njoorndi njoorndi yimɓe, woni ko e wuro Haenosaki-cho, Sasebo, e nder diiwaan Nagasaki, Japon. Ko JR Kyushu woni gollorde nde.

== Diidi ==
Staasiyoŋ oo ko laana Ōmura gollotoo, ina woni 5,6 km e nokku ɗo laana kaa fuɗɗotoo to Haiki. Ko otooji nokkuuji ɗii tan njoofata e gartirgol ngol..&lt;ref name=&quot;prefstats&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.pref.nagasaki.jp/bunrui/kenseijoho/toukeijoho/kankoubutsu/nenkan/285599.html#unyu|title=第63版（平成28年）長崎県統計年鑑|trans-title=Nagasaki Prefecture Statistics Yearbook 63rd Edition 2016|accessdate=16 March 2018|website=Nagasaki Prefectural Government website}} See table at section under Transportation and Communications.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Laylaytol station ==
Staasiyoŋ oo ina waɗi laylayti ɗiɗi banngeeji kuutortooɗi laabi ɗiɗi tawa ina waɗi branching siding off track 1. Mahdi staasiyoŋ oo, ko mbaydi njamndi mboɗeeri, ndi alaa ko woni e mum, suudu daɗndu nduu ina udditaa. Heɓde plateau bannge goɗɗo oo ko e laawol taƴgol tolno e paɗe e banngeeji ɗiɗi ɗii kala.&lt;ref name=&quot;hacchi2&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://hacchi-no-he.net/line/oomura/station/0020_haenosaki.htm|title=南風崎|trans-title=Haenosaki|accessdate=21 March 2018|website=hacchi-no-he.net}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;kawashima2&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Kawashima|first=Ryōzō|script-title=ja: 図説: 日本の鉄道 四国・九州ライン 全線・全駅・全配線・第5巻 長崎 佐賀 エリア|year=2013|publisher=Kodansha|isbn=9784062951647|trans-title=Japan Railways Illustrated. Shikoku and Kyushu. All lines, all stations, all track layouts. Volume 5 Nagasaki Saga area|language=Japanese|pages=26, 73}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;ameblo&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://ameblo.jp/aru-king/entry-12057204247.html|title=大村線・南風崎駅に行ってきました|trans-title=I went to Haenosaki Station Ōmura Line|date=2 August 2015|accessdate=21 March 2018|website=Ameblo.jp}} Blog entry with good photographic coverage of station facilities.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Plateauji ==
* Laana Ōmura ngam yahde Nagasaki

* Laana Ōmura ngam Sasebo

* Yiyngo plateauji e laabi. Tesko-ɗen taƴre tolno.

* Yiyngo plateauji e laabi. Tesko-ɗen taƴre tolno.

== Tariya ==
Laana njoorndi Kyushu keeriiɗo, e nder mahngo laana njoorndi feewde Nagasaki, udditiino laawol feewde fuɗnaange gila Tosu haa Saga e Takeo (hannde Takeo-Onsen) e hitaande 1895. E hitaande 1897, laawol ngol yettiima Haiki. E daawal garoowal yaajde, laawol ngol yaajnaama feewde Ōmura ngol udditaa ko no jolngo keso ñalnde 20 lewru Yarkomaa 1898. Haenosaki udditaa e ñalawma gooto ko jolngo hakkunde Haiki e Ōmura..&lt;ref&gt;{{Teishajo|I|22-3, 225, 227}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;teishajo&quot;&gt;{{Teishajo|II|737}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Nde laawol laana njoorndi Kyushu ngol waɗtaa ngenndi ñalnde 1 sulyee 1907, laana njoorndi laamu Japon (JGR) ƴetti laamu nguu.

Ñalnde 12 oktoobar 1909, laawol ummoraade Tosu rewrude e Haiki feewde Nagasaki toɗɗaa ko laawol mawngol Nagasaki. Ñalnde 1 desaambar 1934, laawol goɗngol rokkaama innde laana mawka Nagasaki e laawol ummoraade Haiki, rewrude e Haenosaki haa Isahaya inniraama laana Ōmura.

E privatisaasiyoŋ laana njoorndi leydi Japon (JNR), lomto JGR, ñalnde 1 abriil 1987, njiimaandi laana njoorndi ndii arti e juuɗe JR Kyushu. 

E joofnirde wolde adunaare ɗimmere, soldateeɓe Japon e siwil en ummoriiɓe caggal leydi, koɗnoo ko e duunde Hario, saraaji mum. Caggal nde ɓe ngoppitaa dumunna, ɓe ngartiraa galleeji maɓɓe e nder otooji keertiiɗi ummoraade e Gare Haenosaki. 

Ndee feccere e daartol station ina winndaa e dow alluwal maande to station.

== Limlebbi yahooɓe ==
E hitaande 2014, ko ina tolnoo e 6 423 yah-ngartaa, zum wonnoo ko 18 yah-ngartaa e yontere kala.

== Nokku taariindi ==

== Posto Haenosaki ==
Biro wuro Sasebo Catal Miya

== Ƴeew kadi ==
Doggol nokkuuji ɗo laaɗe diwooje njolnata e nder leydi Japon

== Himobe ==

== Tuugnorgal ==</text>
      <sha1>fgjigt5unsjqt2hbwen11j1n6cqz4ks</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>183542</id>
      <parentid>183541</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-21T10:44:40Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ilya Discuss</username>
        <id>10103</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>183542</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="4182" sha1="dbvby507z8hh9uvviyeggu4pywqm9y2" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}

'''Gaaraas Haenosaki''' (南風崎駅, Haenosaki-eki) ko gartirgal laana njoorndi njoorndi yimɓe, woni ko e wuro Haenosaki-cho, Sasebo, e nder diiwaan Nagasaki, Japon. Ko JR Kyushu woni gollorde nde.

== Diidi ==
Staasiyoŋ oo ko laana Ōmura gollotoo, ina woni 5,6 km e nokku ɗo laana kaa fuɗɗotoo to Haiki. Ko otooji nokkuuji ɗii tan njoofata e gartirgol ngol..&lt;ref name=&quot;prefstats&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.pref.nagasaki.jp/bunrui/kenseijoho/toukeijoho/kankoubutsu/nenkan/285599.html#unyu|title=第63版（平成28年）長崎県統計年鑑|trans-title=Nagasaki Prefecture Statistics Yearbook 63rd Edition 2016|accessdate=16 March 2018|website=Nagasaki Prefectural Government website}} See table at section under Transportation and Communications.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Laylaytol station ==
Staasiyoŋ oo ina waɗi laylayti ɗiɗi banngeeji kuutortooɗi laabi ɗiɗi tawa ina waɗi branching siding off track 1. Mahdi staasiyoŋ oo, ko mbaydi njamndi mboɗeeri, ndi alaa ko woni e mum, suudu daɗndu nduu ina udditaa. Heɓde plateau bannge goɗɗo oo ko e laawol taƴgol tolno e paɗe e banngeeji ɗiɗi ɗii kala.&lt;ref name=&quot;hacchi2&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://hacchi-no-he.net/line/oomura/station/0020_haenosaki.htm|title=南風崎|trans-title=Haenosaki|accessdate=21 March 2018|website=hacchi-no-he.net}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;kawashima2&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Kawashima|first=Ryōzō|script-title=ja: 図説: 日本の鉄道 四国・九州ライン 全線・全駅・全配線・第5巻 長崎 佐賀 エリア|year=2013|publisher=Kodansha|isbn=9784062951647|trans-title=Japan Railways Illustrated. Shikoku and Kyushu. All lines, all stations, all track layouts. Volume 5 Nagasaki Saga area|language=Japanese|pages=26, 73}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;ameblo&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://ameblo.jp/aru-king/entry-12057204247.html|title=大村線・南風崎駅に行ってきました|trans-title=I went to Haenosaki Station Ōmura Line|date=2 August 2015|accessdate=21 March 2018|website=Ameblo.jp}} Blog entry with good photographic coverage of station facilities.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Plateauji ==
* Laana Ōmura ngam yahde Nagasaki

* Laana Ōmura ngam Sasebo

* Yiyngo plateauji e laabi. Tesko-ɗen taƴre tolno.

* Yiyngo plateauji e laabi. Tesko-ɗen taƴre tolno.

== Tariya ==
Laana njoorndi Kyushu keeriiɗo, e nder mahngo laana njoorndi feewde Nagasaki, udditiino laawol feewde fuɗnaange gila Tosu haa Saga e Takeo (hannde Takeo-Onsen) e hitaande 1895. E hitaande 1897, laawol ngol yettiima Haiki. E daawal garoowal yaajde, laawol ngol yaajnaama feewde Ōmura ngol udditaa ko no jolngo keso ñalnde 20 lewru Yarkomaa 1898. Haenosaki udditaa e ñalawma gooto ko jolngo hakkunde Haiki e Ōmura..&lt;ref&gt;{{Teishajo|I|22-3, 225, 227}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;teishajo&quot;&gt;{{Teishajo|II|737}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Nde laawol laana njoorndi Kyushu ngol waɗtaa ngenndi ñalnde 1 sulyee 1907, laana njoorndi laamu Japon (JGR) ƴetti laamu nguu.

Ñalnde 12 oktoobar 1909, laawol ummoraade Tosu rewrude e Haiki feewde Nagasaki toɗɗaa ko laawol mawngol Nagasaki. Ñalnde 1 desaambar 1934, laawol goɗngol rokkaama innde laana mawka Nagasaki e laawol ummoraade Haiki, rewrude e Haenosaki haa Isahaya inniraama laana Ōmura..&lt;ref name=&quot;kawashima&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;JR&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.jrkyushu.co.jp/railway/station/1191770_1601.html|title=南風崎|trans-title=Haenosaki|accessdate=21 March 2018|website=JR Kyushu official station website}}&lt;/ref&gt;

E privatisaasiyoŋ laana njoorndi leydi Japon (JNR), lomto JGR, ñalnde 1 abriil 1987, njiimaandi laana njoorndi ndii arti e juuɗe JR Kyushu. 

E joofnirde wolde adunaare ɗimmere, soldateeɓe Japon e siwil en ummoriiɓe caggal leydi, koɗnoo ko e duunde Hario, saraaji mum. Caggal nde ɓe ngoppitaa dumunna, ɓe ngartiraa galleeji maɓɓe e nder otooji keertiiɗi ummoraade e Gare Haenosaki. 

Ndee feccere e daartol station ina winndaa e dow alluwal maande to station.

== Limlebbi yahooɓe ==
E hitaande 2014, ko ina tolnoo e 6 423 yah-ngartaa, zum wonnoo ko 18 yah-ngartaa e yontere kala.

== Nokku taariindi ==

== Posto Haenosaki ==
Biro wuro Sasebo Catal Miya

== Ƴeew kadi ==
Doggol nokkuuji ɗo laaɗe diwooje njolnata e nder leydi Japon

== Himobe ==

== Tuugnorgal ==</text>
      <sha1>dbvby507z8hh9uvviyeggu4pywqm9y2</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>183543</id>
      <parentid>183542</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-21T10:45:25Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ilya Discuss</username>
        <id>10103</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>183543</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3893" sha1="oepmb8fn4bt6h3ypn841wxqybqu43is" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}

'''Gaaraas Haenosaki''' (南風崎駅, Haenosaki-eki) ko gartirgal laana njoorndi njoorndi yimɓe, woni ko e wuro Haenosaki-cho, Sasebo, e nder diiwaan Nagasaki, Japon. Ko JR Kyushu woni gollorde nde.

== Diidi ==
Staasiyoŋ oo ko laana Ōmura gollotoo, ina woni 5,6 km e nokku ɗo laana kaa fuɗɗotoo to Haiki. Ko otooji nokkuuji ɗii tan njoofata e gartirgol ngol..&lt;ref name=&quot;prefstats&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.pref.nagasaki.jp/bunrui/kenseijoho/toukeijoho/kankoubutsu/nenkan/285599.html#unyu|title=第63版（平成28年）長崎県統計年鑑|trans-title=Nagasaki Prefecture Statistics Yearbook 63rd Edition 2016|accessdate=16 March 2018|website=Nagasaki Prefectural Government website}} See table at section under Transportation and Communications.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Laylaytol station ==
Staasiyoŋ oo ina waɗi laylayti ɗiɗi banngeeji kuutortooɗi laabi ɗiɗi tawa ina waɗi branching siding off track 1. Mahdi staasiyoŋ oo, ko mbaydi njamndi mboɗeeri, ndi alaa ko woni e mum, suudu daɗndu nduu ina udditaa. Heɓde plateau bannge goɗɗo oo ko e laawol taƴgol tolno e paɗe e banngeeji ɗiɗi ɗii kala.&lt;ref name=&quot;hacchi2&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://hacchi-no-he.net/line/oomura/station/0020_haenosaki.htm|title=南風崎|trans-title=Haenosaki|accessdate=21 March 2018|website=hacchi-no-he.net}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;kawashima2&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Kawashima|first=Ryōzō|script-title=ja: 図説: 日本の鉄道 四国・九州ライン 全線・全駅・全配線・第5巻 長崎 佐賀 エリア|year=2013|publisher=Kodansha|isbn=9784062951647|trans-title=Japan Railways Illustrated. Shikoku and Kyushu. All lines, all stations, all track layouts. Volume 5 Nagasaki Saga area|language=Japanese|pages=26, 73}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;ameblo&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://ameblo.jp/aru-king/entry-12057204247.html|title=大村線・南風崎駅に行ってきました|trans-title=I went to Haenosaki Station Ōmura Line|date=2 August 2015|accessdate=21 March 2018|website=Ameblo.jp}} Blog entry with good photographic coverage of station facilities.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Plateauji ==
* Laana Ōmura ngam yahde Nagasaki

* Laana Ōmura ngam Sasebo

* Yiyngo plateauji e laabi. Tesko-ɗen taƴre tolno.

* Yiyngo plateauji e laabi. Tesko-ɗen taƴre tolno.

== Tariya ==
Laana njoorndi Kyushu keeriiɗo, e nder mahngo laana njoorndi feewde Nagasaki, udditiino laawol feewde fuɗnaange gila Tosu haa Saga e Takeo (hannde Takeo-Onsen) e hitaande 1895. E hitaande 1897, laawol ngol yettiima Haiki. E daawal garoowal yaajde, laawol ngol yaajnaama feewde Ōmura ngol udditaa ko no jolngo keso ñalnde 20 lewru Yarkomaa 1898. Haenosaki udditaa e ñalawma gooto ko jolngo hakkunde Haiki e Ōmura.. 

Nde laawol laana njoorndi Kyushu ngol waɗtaa ngenndi ñalnde 1 sulyee 1907, laana njoorndi laamu Japon (JGR) ƴetti laamu nguu.

Ñalnde 12 oktoobar 1909, laawol ummoraade Tosu rewrude e Haiki feewde Nagasaki toɗɗaa ko laawol mawngol Nagasaki. Ñalnde 1 desaambar 1934, laawol goɗngol rokkaama innde laana mawka Nagasaki e laawol ummoraade Haiki, rewrude e Haenosaki haa Isahaya inniraama laana Ōmura..&lt;ref name=&quot;kawashima&quot; /&gt;

E privatisaasiyoŋ laana njoorndi leydi Japon (JNR), lomto JGR, ñalnde 1 abriil 1987, njiimaandi laana njoorndi ndii arti e juuɗe JR Kyushu. 

E joofnirde wolde adunaare ɗimmere, soldateeɓe Japon e siwil en ummoriiɓe caggal leydi, koɗnoo ko e duunde Hario, saraaji mum. Caggal nde ɓe ngoppitaa dumunna, ɓe ngartiraa galleeji maɓɓe e nder otooji keertiiɗi ummoraade e Gare Haenosaki. 

Ndee feccere e daartol station ina winndaa e dow alluwal maande to station.

== Limlebbi yahooɓe ==
E hitaande 2014, ko ina tolnoo e 6 423 yah-ngartaa, zum wonnoo ko 18 yah-ngartaa e yontere kala.

== Nokku taariindi ==

== Posto Haenosaki ==
Biro wuro Sasebo Catal Miya

== Ƴeew kadi ==
Doggol nokkuuji ɗo laaɗe diwooje njolnata e nder leydi Japon

== Himobe ==

== Tuugnorgal ==</text>
      <sha1>oepmb8fn4bt6h3ypn841wxqybqu43is</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Gibo Station</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>41859</id>
    <revision>
      <id>183544</id>
      <parentid>172400</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-21T10:46:58Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ilya Discuss</username>
        <id>10103</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>183544</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="495" sha1="timjvkge3llurkus56ddqp0geqt88fe" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}

'''Gartirgal Gibo''' (儀保駅, Gibo-eki) ko gartirgal laana njoorndi e nder wuro Okinawa (Yui Rail) to Naha, e nder diiwaan Okinawa, Japon.

== Diidi ==
Monorail wuro Okinawa
Tooɓere
Staasiyoŋ oo ina waɗi plateau duunde wootere toownde ina huutoroo laabi ɗiɗi.

== Plateauji ==
1 ■ Laana ndiwoowa wuro Okinawa ngam Tedako-Uranishi
2 ■ Monorail wuro Okinawa ngam yahde laana ndiwoowa Naha

== Tariya ==
Stasiyoŋ oo udditaa ko ñalnde 10 ut 2003.

== Jokkondire yaajɗe ==</text>
      <sha1>timjvkge3llurkus56ddqp0geqt88fe</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Higashi-Tabira Station</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>41860</id>
    <revision>
      <id>183538</id>
      <parentid>172402</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-21T10:39:16Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ilya Discuss</username>
        <id>10103</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>183538</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="870" sha1="0voox65umrby370hug4cerhxfgc5f5e" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}

'''Gaaraas Higashi-Tabira''' (東田平駅, Higashi-Tabira-eki) ko gartirgal laana njoorndi to Tabira-chō Ozaki-men, Hirado, e nder diiwaan Nagasaki. Ko laawol laana njoorndi Matsuura huutortoo ngol, ngol woni ko e laawol Nishi-Kyūshū.

== Diidi ==
Laawol laana njoorndi Matsuura

Laabi Nishi-Kyusu
Stations gonɗe saraaji ɗii

== ← Sarwiis → ==
Laabi Nishi-Kyusu

Nishikoba nokkuure Naka-Tabira

== Laylaytol station ==
Gare Higashi-Tabira ina jogii lowre wootere to bannge leydi.

== Taariindi ==
Laawol ngenndiwal 204

== Tariya ==
1935-08-06 - Udditaa ngam golloraade ko Gare Tabira.

1987-04-01 - Laabi njoorndi mbaɗti jeyeede e ndeeɗoo jolngo ko JR Kyushu roni ɗum.

1988-04-01 - Ooɗoo nokku roni ɗum ko laawol laana njoorndi Matsuura.

1989-03-11 - Ooɗoo Staasiyoŋ wayli innde mum haa wonti innde hannde ndee.

== Jokkondire yaajɗe ==</text>
      <sha1>0voox65umrby370hug4cerhxfgc5f5e</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Hiu Station</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>41862</id>
    <revision>
      <id>183535</id>
      <parentid>172434</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-21T10:35:05Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ilya Discuss</username>
        <id>10103</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>183535</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2643" sha1="19a2bddaxruc0bpaejq89tta76hdzly" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}

'''Gartirgal Hiu''' (日宇駅, Hiu-eki) ko gartirgal laana njoorndi njoorndi, tawaangal e wuro Sasebo, e nder diiwaan Nagasaki, to leydi Japon. Ko JR Kyushu woni gollorde nde.

== Diidi ==
Stasiyoŋ oo ko laana Sasebo huutortoo, ina woni 45,5 km e nokku ɗo laana kaa fuɗɗotoo to Hizen-Yamaguchi. 

Gaa gaa sarwisaaji nokkuuji Sasebo Line, laana ndiwoowa JR Kyushu Rapid Seaside ina jokki kadi e nokku hee. Yanti heen, hay so tawii Haiki woni fuɗɗoode laabi Ōmura laawɗinaaɗi, ko ɓuri heewde e sarwisaaji mum nokkuuji ina njokki e joofnude to Sasebo e huutoraade laabi laabi Sasebo.

== Laylaytol station ==
Staasiyoŋ oo, mo alaa gollotooɓe, ina waɗi plateau islande ina huutoroo laabi ɗiɗi tawa ina waɗi siding. Hoɗorde hoyre mum ina waɗa e gartirgol ngol ko suudu fadndo. Hoɗorde woɗnde ina waɗa e dow laylaytol ngol, wondude e masiŋ otomatik yeeyoowo tikket.&lt;ref name=&quot;hacchi2&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://hacchi-no-he.net/line/sasebo/station/0120_hiu.htm|title=日宇|trans-title=Hiu|accessdate=22 March 2018|website=hacchi-no-he.net}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;kawashima2&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Kawashima|first=Ryōzō|script-title=ja: 図説: 日本の鉄道 四国・九州ライン 全線・全駅・全配線・第5巻 長崎 佐賀 エリア|year=2013|publisher=Kodansha|isbn=9784062951647|trans-title=Japan Railways Illustrated. Shikoku and Kyushu. All lines, all stations, all track layouts. Volume 5 Nagasaki Saga area|language=Japanese|pages=26, 71}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Plateauji ==
* Line Sasebo ngam Isahaya
* Line Sasebo ngam Sasebo
* Tappirde bammbaaɗo ina hollita wonde gartirgol ngol ko gartirgol 2ɓol ɓurngol hirnaange to Japon.
* Tappirde bammbaaɗo ina hollita wonde gartirgol ngol ko gartirgol 2ɓol ɓurngol hirnaange to Japon.
* Yiyngo plateau e laabi. Siding ina yiyee to bannge nano.
* Yiyngo plateau e laabi. Siding ina yiyee to bannge nano.

== Tariya ==
Laana njoorndi laamu Japon (JGR) udditi gartirgal ngal ñalnde 26 desaambar 1910, ko gartirgal ɓeydangal e laawol gonngol e laawol Sasebo. E privatisation (privatisation) laana njoorndi ngenndi Japon (JNR), lomtinooɗo JGR, ñalnde 1 abriil 1987, njiimaandi jolngo ngoo arti e juuɗe JR Kyushu.

== Limlebbi yahooɓe ==
E hitaande 2020, dingiral ngal huutortenoo ko e 421 neɗɗo ñalnde kala (yaɓɓooɓe tan), tee ngal woni ko e 232ɓo e nder dingiral ɓurngal heewde yimɓe e JR Kyushu.

== Taariindi ==
Laawol ngenndiwal 35

== Posto Hiu ==
Biro wuro Sasebo Catal Hiu

Duɗal hakkundeewal Sasebo-Minami

Koolaaɗo kuuɓal ngenndiwal karallaagal Sasebo

== Ƴeew kadi ==
Doggol nokkuuji ɗo laaɗe diwooje njolnata e nder leydi Japon

== Himobe ==</text>
      <sha1>19a2bddaxruc0bpaejq89tta76hdzly</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>183536</id>
      <parentid>183535</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-21T10:36:11Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ilya Discuss</username>
        <id>10103</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>183536</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2994" sha1="ij6k93sbhy2rpu9xfj8sj02nmb3o3zv" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}

'''Gartirgal Hiu''' (日宇駅, Hiu-eki) ko gartirgal laana njoorndi njoorndi, tawaangal e wuro Sasebo, e nder diiwaan Nagasaki, to leydi Japon. Ko JR Kyushu woni gollorde nde.

== Diidi ==
Stasiyoŋ oo ko laana Sasebo huutortoo, ina woni 45,5 km e nokku ɗo laana kaa fuɗɗotoo to Hizen-Yamaguchi. 

Gaa gaa sarwisaaji nokkuuji Sasebo Line, laana ndiwoowa JR Kyushu Rapid Seaside ina jokki kadi e nokku hee. Yanti heen, hay so tawii Haiki woni fuɗɗoode laabi Ōmura laawɗinaaɗi, ko ɓuri heewde e sarwisaaji mum nokkuuji ina njokki e joofnude to Sasebo e huutoraade laabi laabi Sasebo.

== Laylaytol station ==
Staasiyoŋ oo, mo alaa gollotooɓe, ina waɗi plateau islande ina huutoroo laabi ɗiɗi tawa ina waɗi siding. Hoɗorde hoyre mum ina waɗa e gartirgol ngol ko suudu fadndo. Hoɗorde woɗnde ina waɗa e dow laylaytol ngol, wondude e masiŋ otomatik yeeyoowo tikket.&lt;ref name=&quot;hacchi2&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://hacchi-no-he.net/line/sasebo/station/0120_hiu.htm|title=日宇|trans-title=Hiu|accessdate=22 March 2018|website=hacchi-no-he.net}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;kawashima2&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Kawashima|first=Ryōzō|script-title=ja: 図説: 日本の鉄道 四国・九州ライン 全線・全駅・全配線・第5巻 長崎 佐賀 エリア|year=2013|publisher=Kodansha|isbn=9784062951647|trans-title=Japan Railways Illustrated. Shikoku and Kyushu. All lines, all stations, all track layouts. Volume 5 Nagasaki Saga area|language=Japanese|pages=26, 71}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Plateauji ==
* Line Sasebo ngam Isahaya
* Line Sasebo ngam Sasebo
* Tappirde bammbaaɗo ina hollita wonde gartirgol ngol ko gartirgol 2ɓol ɓurngol hirnaange to Japon.
* Tappirde bammbaaɗo ina hollita wonde gartirgol ngol ko gartirgol 2ɓol ɓurngol hirnaange to Japon.
* Yiyngo plateau e laabi. Siding ina yiyee to bannge nano.
* Yiyngo plateau e laabi. Siding ina yiyee to bannge nano..&lt;ref name=&quot;jreast2020stats&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.jrkyushu.co.jp/company/info/data/pdf/2020ekibetsu.pdf|script-title=ja: 各駅の乗車人員 (2020年度)|trans-title=Station passenger figures (Fiscal 2020)|year=2021|publisher=East Japan Railway Company|location=Japan|language=Japanese|archiveurl=|archivedate=|accessdate=21 April 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tariya ==
Laana njoorndi laamu Japon (JGR) udditi gartirgal ngal ñalnde 26 desaambar 1910, ko gartirgal ɓeydangal e laawol gonngol e laawol Sasebo. E privatisation (privatisation) laana njoorndi ngenndi Japon (JNR), lomtinooɗo JGR, ñalnde 1 abriil 1987, njiimaandi jolngo ngoo arti e juuɗe JR Kyushu.

== Limlebbi yahooɓe ==
E hitaande 2020, dingiral ngal huutortenoo ko e 421 neɗɗo ñalnde kala (yaɓɓooɓe tan), tee ngal woni ko e 232ɓo e nder dingiral ɓurngal heewde yimɓe e JR Kyushu.

== Taariindi ==
Laawol ngenndiwal 35

== Posto Hiu ==
Biro wuro Sasebo Catal Hiu

Duɗal hakkundeewal Sasebo-Minami

Koolaaɗo kuuɓal ngenndiwal karallaagal Sasebo

== Ƴeew kadi ==
Doggol nokkuuji ɗo laaɗe diwooje njolnata e nder leydi Japon

== Himobe ==</text>
      <sha1>ij6k93sbhy2rpu9xfj8sj02nmb3o3zv</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>183537</id>
      <parentid>183536</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-21T10:36:48Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ilya Discuss</username>
        <id>10103</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>183537</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3070" sha1="bbzhtv3042gwf89hxa7dz5nnxsgnsou" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}

'''Gartirgal Hiu''' (日宇駅, Hiu-eki) ko gartirgal laana njoorndi njoorndi, tawaangal e wuro Sasebo, e nder diiwaan Nagasaki, to leydi Japon. Ko JR Kyushu woni gollorde nde.

== Diidi ==
Stasiyoŋ oo ko laana Sasebo huutortoo, ina woni 45,5 km e nokku ɗo laana kaa fuɗɗotoo to Hizen-Yamaguchi. 

Gaa gaa sarwisaaji nokkuuji Sasebo Line, laana ndiwoowa JR Kyushu Rapid Seaside ina jokki kadi e nokku hee. Yanti heen, hay so tawii Haiki woni fuɗɗoode laabi Ōmura laawɗinaaɗi, ko ɓuri heewde e sarwisaaji mum nokkuuji ina njokki e joofnude to Sasebo e huutoraade laabi laabi Sasebo.

== Laylaytol station ==
Staasiyoŋ oo, mo alaa gollotooɓe, ina waɗi plateau islande ina huutoroo laabi ɗiɗi tawa ina waɗi siding. Hoɗorde hoyre mum ina waɗa e gartirgol ngol ko suudu fadndo. Hoɗorde woɗnde ina waɗa e dow laylaytol ngol, wondude e masiŋ otomatik yeeyoowo tikket.&lt;ref name=&quot;hacchi2&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://hacchi-no-he.net/line/sasebo/station/0120_hiu.htm|title=日宇|trans-title=Hiu|accessdate=22 March 2018|website=hacchi-no-he.net}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;kawashima2&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Kawashima|first=Ryōzō|script-title=ja: 図説: 日本の鉄道 四国・九州ライン 全線・全駅・全配線・第5巻 長崎 佐賀 エリア|year=2013|publisher=Kodansha|isbn=9784062951647|trans-title=Japan Railways Illustrated. Shikoku and Kyushu. All lines, all stations, all track layouts. Volume 5 Nagasaki Saga area|language=Japanese|pages=26, 71}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Plateauji ==
* Line Sasebo ngam Isahaya
* Line Sasebo ngam Sasebo
* Tappirde bammbaaɗo ina hollita wonde gartirgol ngol ko gartirgol 2ɓol ɓurngol hirnaange to Japon.
* Tappirde bammbaaɗo ina hollita wonde gartirgol ngol ko gartirgol 2ɓol ɓurngol hirnaange to Japon.
* Yiyngo plateau e laabi. Siding ina yiyee to bannge nano.
* Yiyngo plateau e laabi. Siding ina yiyee to bannge nano..&lt;ref name=&quot;jreast2020stats&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.jrkyushu.co.jp/company/info/data/pdf/2020ekibetsu.pdf|script-title=ja: 各駅の乗車人員 (2020年度)|trans-title=Station passenger figures (Fiscal 2020)|year=2021|publisher=East Japan Railway Company|location=Japan|language=Japanese|archiveurl=|archivedate=|accessdate=21 April 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tariya ==
Laana njoorndi laamu Japon (JGR) udditi gartirgal ngal ñalnde 26 desaambar 1910, ko gartirgal ɓeydangal e laawol gonngol e laawol Sasebo. E privatisation (privatisation) laana njoorndi ngenndi Japon (JNR), lomtinooɗo JGR, ñalnde 1 abriil 1987, njiimaandi jolngo ngoo arti e juuɗe JR Kyushu.

== Limlebbi yahooɓe ==
E hitaande 2020, dingiral ngal huutortenoo ko e 421 neɗɗo ñalnde kala (yaɓɓooɓe tan), tee ngal woni ko e 232ɓo e nder dingiral ɓurngal heewde yimɓe e JR Kyushu..&lt;ref&gt;{{Teishajo|I|225}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;teishajo&quot;&gt;{{Teishajo|II|729}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Taariindi ==
Laawol ngenndiwal 35

== Posto Hiu ==
Biro wuro Sasebo Catal Hiu

Duɗal hakkundeewal Sasebo-Minami

Koolaaɗo kuuɓal ngenndiwal karallaagal Sasebo

== Ƴeew kadi ==
Doggol nokkuuji ɗo laaɗe diwooje njolnata e nder leydi Japon

== Himobe ==</text>
      <sha1>bbzhtv3042gwf89hxa7dz5nnxsgnsou</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Nnamdi Azikiwe</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>42280</id>
    <revision>
      <id>183417</id>
      <parentid>180823</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-20T12:07:30Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>6960</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Add 3 books for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260820sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]]</comment>
      <origin>183417</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="108100" sha1="j08b1eses6ike28z004b7x1cvypgjkp" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox officeholder
| honorific_prefix = [[Excellency|His Excellency]]&lt;br&gt;[[The Right Honourable]]
| name             = Nnamdi Azikiwe
| honorific_suffix = [[Order of the Federal Republic|GCFR]] [[Privy Council of the United Kingdom|PC]]
| image            = Nnamdi Azikiwe PC (cropped).jpg
| alt              = A picture of Nnamdi Azikiwe c. 1963
| caption          = Azikiwe {{Circa|1963}}
| order            = 1st
| office           = President of Nigeria
| term_start       = 1 October 1963
| term_end         = 16 January 1966
| prime_minister   = [[Abubakar Tafawa Balewa]]
| 1blankname       = {{nowrap|Senate President}}
| 1namedata        = [[Nwafor Orizu]]
| predecessor      = Position established ([[Elizabeth II]] &lt;br /&gt; as [[Monarchy of Nigeria (1960–1963)|Queen of Nigeria]])
| successor        = [[Johnson Aguiyi-Ironsi]] &lt;br /&gt;(as [[Military dictatorship in Nigeria|Military head of state]])
| office2          = 3rd [[Governor-General of Nigeria]]
| monarch2         = [[Elizabeth II]]
| term_start2      = 16 November 1960
| term_end2        = 1 October 1963
| predecessor2     = [[James Wilson Robertson|James Robertson]]
| successor2       = Position abolished
| office3          = 1st [[President of the Senate of Nigeria]]
| term_start3      = 1 January 1960
| term_end3        = 1 October 1960
| predecessor3     = Position established
| successor3       = [[Dennis Osadebay]]
| office4          = [[Eastern Region, Nigeria|Premier of Eastern Nigeria]]
| term_start4      = 1 October 1954
| term_end4        = 1 October 1959
| predecessor4     = [[Eyo Ita]]
| successor4       = [[Michael Okpara]]
| office5          = 2nd [[National Council of Nigeria and the Cameroons|President of National Council of Nigeria and the Cameroons]]
| term_start5      = May 1946
| term_end5        = November 1960
| predecessor5     = [[Herbert Macaulay]]
| successor5       = [[Michael Okpara]]
| office6          = [[University of Nigeria|Chancellor of University of Nigeria]]
| term_start6      = 1961
| term_end6        = 1966
| office7          = [[University of Lagos|Chancellor of University of Lagos]]
| term_start7      = 1972
| term_end7        = 1976
| birth_name       = Nnamdi Benjamin Azikiwe
| birth_date       = {{birth date|1904|11|16|df=y}}
| birth_place      = [[Zungeru]], Northern Nigeria Protectorate
| death_date       = {{death date and age|1996|5|11|1904|11|16|df=y}}
| death_place      = [[Enugu (city)|Enugu]], [[Enugu State]], Nigeria
| spouse           = {{unbulleted list|{{marriage|[[Flora Azikiwe|Flora Ogoegbunam]]|1936|1983|reason=died}}|{{marriage|[[Uche Azikiwe|Uche Ewah]]|1973}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last1=Nuhu Musa |first1=Jamila |title=Flora Azikiwe: Nigeria' maiden First Lady at a glance |url=http://weekend.peoplesdailyng.com/index.php/lifestyle/tribute/517-flora-azikiwe-nigeria-maiden-first-lady-at-a-glance |location=Abuja, Nigeria|newspaper=[[Peoples Daily (Nigeria)|Peoples Daily]]|access-date=15 July 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151017215143/http://weekend.peoplesdailyng.com/index.php/lifestyle/tribute/517-flora-azikiwe-nigeria-maiden-first-lady-at-a-glance |archive-date=17 October 2015 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;| |date=January 2021 |title=Burying &quot;Zik of Africa&quot;: The Politics of Death and Cultural Crisis |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0010417520000377/type/journal_article |journal=Comparative Studies in Society and History |language=en |volume=63 |issue=1 |pages=41–71 |doi=10.1017/S0010417520000377 |issn=0010-4175}}
| children         = 7, including [[Chukwuma Azikiwe|Chukwuma]]
| party            = {{plainlist|
* [[National Council of Nigeria and the Cameroons]] (NCNC)
* [[Nigerian People's Party]] (NPP)
}}
| parents          = {{plainlist|
* Rachel Chinwe Ogbenyeanu (mother)
* Obed-Edom Chukwuemeka Azikiwe (father)
}}
| relatives        = 
| alma_mater       = {{flatlist|
* [[Storer College]]
* [[Howard University]]
* [[Lincoln University (Pennsylvania)|Lincoln University, Pennsylvania]]
* [[University of Pennsylvania]]
* [[Hope Waddell Training Institution]]
}}
| occupation       = {{hlist|Politician|lawyer|journalist|athlete|statesman}}
}}
'''Nnamdi Benjamin Azikiwe'''GCFR PC (HeɗtoR; 16 noowammbar 1904 – 11 [[lewru]] mee 1996),&lt;ref name=&quot;britannica.com&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Nnamdi Azikiwe {{!}} president of Nigeria|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Nnamdi-Azikiwe|access-date=2022-03-26|website=[[Britannica]]|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; ko ɓuri heewde e yimɓe ina mbiya ko '''Zik mo Afrik''', ko o dawriyanke, laamuyanke, e hooreejo leydi Nijeer, o woniino hooreejo leydi Nijeer gadano gila e hitaande 1960 haa e hitaande 1960 (1963-1966).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=French|first=Howard W.|date=1996-05-14|title=Nnamdi Azikiwe, the First President of Nigeria, Dies at 91|language=en-US|work=[[The New York Times]]|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1996/05/14/world/nnamdi-azikiwe-the-first-president-of-nigeria-dies-at-91.html|access-date=2023-12-06|issn=0362-4331}}&lt;/ref&gt; O ɗon laara no baaba lesdi [[Naajeeriya]] nden bo o ɗon nder ardiiɓe lesdi ndi'i nder hitaande 1960.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=2020-10-01|title=Heroes of the struggle for Nigeria's independence/pioneer political|url=https://guardian.ng/?p=1230220|location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=2022-05-24|newspaper=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]]|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=On this day in 1904 Dr. Benjamin Nnamdi Azikiwe, was born in Zungeru, Niger State, North-Central Nigeria|url=http://www.jayfm.ng/2017/11/16/on-this-day-in-1904-dr-benjamin-nnamdi-azikiwe-was-born-in-zungeru-niger-state-north-central-nigeria/|date=2017-11-16|website=[[Jay FM]]|language=en-US|access-date=2020-05-29|archive-date=5 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200805081611/http://www.jayfm.ng/2017/11/16/on-this-day-in-1904-dr-benjamin-nnamdi-azikiwe-was-born-in-zungeru-niger-state-north-central-nigeria/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation|last=Crowcroft|first=Barnaby|title=The Radical Nationalist as Constitutional Head of State: Nigeria, 1960–66|date=2020|work=Viceregalism: The Crown as Head of State in Political Crises in the Postwar Commonwealth|pages=179–202|editor-last=Kumarasingham|editor-first=H.|series=Cambridge Imperial and Post-Colonial Studies Series|place=Cham|publisher=Springer International Publishing|language=en|doi=10.1007/978-3-030-46283-3_7|isbn=978-3-030-46283-3|s2cid=226564363}}&lt;/ref&gt;
Azikiwe jibinaa ko [[Zungeru]] e nder [[Diiwal Niger|diiwaan Niger]] hannde oo, jibnaaɓe [[Igbo]] en ummoriiɓe [[Onitsha]], [[Diiwal Anambra|diiwaan Anambra]], Azikiwe janngi ɗemngal Hausa ngal woni ɗemngal ɓurngal mawnude e nder diiwaan Fuɗnaange. Caggal mum o neldaa hoɗde e neene makko e neene makko to wuro makko [[Onitsha]], ɗo o janngi ɗemngal [[Igbo]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation|last=chuku|first=gloria|title=Azikiwe, Benjamin Nnamdi|year=2011|url=https://www.oxfordreference.com/display/10.1093/acref/9780195382075.001.0001/acref-9780195382075-e-0239|work=Dictionary of African Biography|access-date=2023-12-13|publisher=Oxford University Press|language=en|doi=10.1093/acref/9780195382075.013.0239|doi-broken-date=1 July 2025|isbn=978-0-19-538207-5}}&lt;/ref&gt; Jooɗnde haa lesdi [[Lagos]] hokki mo jannguki ɗemngal [[Yoruba language|Yoruba]], nden wakkati o ɗonno haa janngirde mawnde, o anndi finaa-tawaa [[Naajeeriya]] feere-feere, nden o wolwi ɗemɗe tati mawɗe [[Naajeeriya]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last1=Aguolu|first1=C. C.|last2=Aguolu|first2=L. E.|date=1997|title=Dr. Nnamdi Azikiwe, 1904-1966, First President of Nigeria: A Force in Library Development in Nigeria|url=https://worldlibraries.dom.edu/index.php/worldlib/article/view/199|journal=World Libraries|language=en|volume=7|issue=2|issn=2155-7896}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Azikiwe ina yahra no feewi. O ummii ko [[Amerik]] ɗo o inniraa '''Ben Azikiwe''', o janngi to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Storer, to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde [[Colombia|Columbia]], to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Pennsylvania e to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Howard. O jokkondiri e laamuuji koloñaal e ɗaɓɓaande ngam wallitde leydi [[Naajeeriya|Najeriya]] e nder Olimpiyaaji Los Angeles 1932 nde tawnoo ko kanko kadi woni atletee.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|doi=10.1080/03086539908583061|title='Managing nationalism': The colonial office and Nnamdi Azikiwe, 1932–43|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-imperial-and-commonwealth-history_1999-05_27_2/page/143|journal=The Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History|volume=27|issue=2|pages=143–158|year=1999|last=Flint|first=John E.}}&lt;/ref&gt; O arti [[Afrik]] ko e hitaande 1934, o fuɗɗii golle jaayndiyankaagal to Cote d’Or ([[Gana]] hannde oo). E nder [[Afrik]] hirnaange Biritaan, Azikiwe ina daranii wonde daraniiɗo politik e jaayndiyanke, ngam ngenndiyaŋkaagal [[Naajeeriya|Najeriya]] e [[Afrik]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=Azikiwe fights for Africa|date=7 January 1950|work=New York Amsterdam News}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Nguurndam e jaŋde puɗɗagol==
'''Sukaaɓe''' : '''jaŋde e mbaydi ƴeew tiitoonde'''

Kartal pelle ɗemɗe [[Naajeeriya]]: Azikiwe jibinaa ko e diiwaan Fuɗnaange e nder leydi ndi. Leydi taaniraaɓe makko, [[Onitsha]], woni ko e bannge Fuɗnaange-rewo ngenndi ndii.)

Azikiwe jibinaa ko ñalnde 16 noowammbar 1904 to [[Zungeru]], to Fuɗnaange Nijeer. Innde makko adannde, &quot;Nnamdi&quot;, nde jibnaaɓe makko ndokki mo ko innde [[Igbo Eze South|Igbo]] nde firti ko &quot;baaba am ina wuuri&quot;. Baaba makko, Obed-Edom Chukwuemeka Azikiwe, jeyaaɗo to [[Onitsha]], ko o binndoowo e nder laamu Angalteer to leydi [[Naajeeriya|Najeriya]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Thomas A. Johnson|date=1972-09-14|title=Nigerian Urges Uses of the Past|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1972/09/14/archives/nigerian-urges-uses-of-the-past-says-colonialism-left-some-things.html|access-date=2023-12-06|issn=0362-4331}}&lt;/ref&gt; Yumma makko Rachel Chinwe Ogbenyeanu Azikiwe (jibinaa ko Aghadiuno), mo sahaa e sahaa fof ina wiyee « Nwanonaku »&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|title=Nnamdi Azikiwe: My Odyssey|chapter=I: My Genealogy and Nativity|publisher=Spectrum Books|date=1970|page=4}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=University|first=Nnamdi Azikiwe|date=2021-11-16|title=Profile of NNamdi Azikiwe|url=https://zikslectureseries.unizik.edu.ng/profile-of-nnamdi-azikiwe/|access-date=2023-12-06|website=Zik's Lecture Series|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;, ko ɓiɗɗo debbo tataɓo Aghadiuno Ajie&lt;ref name=&quot;PT&quot;&gt;{{cite news|title=Mother of Nnamdi Azikiwe dies at 75|date=22 February 1958|work=Philadelphia Tribune}}&lt;/ref&gt;, iwdi galle laamɗo to Onitsha; mawniiko gorko biyeteeɗo Ugogwu Anazenwu, ko Obi [[Onitsha]].&lt;ref name=&quot;PT2&quot;&gt;{{cite news|title=Mother of Nnamdi Azikiwe dies at 75|date=22 February 1958|work=Philadelphia Tribune}}&lt;/ref&gt; Azikiwe ina joginoo miñi mum gooto, miñi mum debbo, ina wiyee Cecilia Eziamaka Arinze.&lt;ref name=&quot;PT3&quot;&gt;{{cite news|title=Mother of Nnamdi Azikiwe dies at 75|date=22 February 1958|work=Philadelphia Tribune}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Nde o woni suka, Azikiwe ina haalda ɗemngal [[Hausa language|Hausa]], ɗemngal diiwaan oo.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|title=Dr. Nnamdi Azikiwe, 1904-1966, first president of Nigeria: A force in Library development in Nigeria.|url=https://worldlibraries.dom.edu/index.php/worldlib/article/view/199/154|last=Aguolu and Aguolu|first=C.C and L.E|date=1997|journal=World Libraries|volume=7|issue=2|access-date=2020-05-29}}&lt;/ref&gt; Baaba makko, ina wondi e sunaare e 6icfcfo makko e 6amtaare [[Hausa language|Hausa]] wonaa [[Igbo]], neli mo to [[Onitsha]] e hitaande 1912 ngam hocfde e neene makko e neene makko ngam janngude 6emngal e pinal [[Igbo]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Oha&quot;&gt;{{cite web|last1=Oha|first1=Obododimma|title=Heroes of knowledge versus dragons of ignorance: language, identity construction, and intertextuality in Nnamdi Azikiwe's &quot;My Odyssey&quot;|url=http://motspluriels.arts.uwa.edu.au/MP2303oo.html|website=motspluriels.arts.uwa.edu.au/|access-date=8 July 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; To [[Onitsha]], Azikiwe janngi Duɗal Trinity Seniiɗo (duɗal misiyoŋaaji katolik en) e Duɗal Eklesiya Almasiihu (duɗal leslesal Angalteer).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Accord concodiale: The continuous search for Nigeria's elusive unity and indivisibility (2)|url=https://www.sunnewsonline.com/accord-concodiale-the-continuous-search-for-nigerias-elusive-unity-and-indivisibility-2/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|date=2016-12-14|newspaper=[[The Sun (Nigeria)|The Sun]]|language=en-US|access-date=2020-05-29}}&lt;/ref&gt; E hitaande 1914, nde baaba makko ina gollina to Lagos, Azikiwe yani e puccu ; ɗum addani baaba makko kulɓiniiɗo neldude mo to [[Lagos]], mbele omo sella, omo jokka jaŋde e nder wuro ngo.{{sfn|Orji|2013|p=68}} Ndeen o naati duɗal sukaaɓe Wesleyan, anndiraangal hannde duɗal sukaaɓe ''Methodist'', [[Lagos]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=history – MGHS|url=https://mghsyabalagosng.com/history-2/|access-date=2022-09-11|language=en-US|archive-date=4 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221004232208/https://mghsyabalagosng.com/history-2/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; Baaba makko neldaama [[Kaduna]] duuɓi ɗiɗi caggal ɗuum, Azikiwe jooɗii seeɗa e banndiiko gooto resnduɗo juulɗo ummoriiɗo [[Siyeraa Leyoon]].{{sfn|Tonkin|1990|p=37}} E hitaande 1918, o arti [[Onitsha]], o timmini jaŋde makko hakkundeere to duɗal hakkundeewal CMS.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2009-05-09|title=Benjamin Nnamdi &quot;Zik&quot; Azikiwe (1904–1996)|url=https://www.blackpast.org/global-african-history/azikiwe-benjamin-nnamdi-zik-1904-1996/|access-date=2022-09-11|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Azikiwe ndeen golliima e duɗal ngal ko almuudo-jannginoowo,{{sfn|Orji|2013|p=68}} ina wallita yumma mum e ngalu mum.{{sfn|Tonkin|1990|p=37}} E hitaande 1920, baaba makko artiraa to Protectorat Sud Nigeria, to wuro [[Calabar]]. Azikiwe hawri e baaba mum to [[Calabar]], o fuɗɗii jaŋde toownde to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Hope Waddell.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=2019-02-03|title=Reminiscing The Founding Fathers: Nnamdi Azikiwe|url=https://leadership.ng/reminiscing-the-founding-fathers-nnamdi-azikiwe/|access-date=2022-03-26|language=en-GB|newspaper=[[Leadership (newspaper)|Leadership]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; O naati e janngirɗe Marcus Garvey,&lt;ref name=&quot;Timesdigit&quot;&gt;{{cite news|title=Nnamdi Azikiwe|work=The Times|location=London, England|date=14 May 1996|page=19}}&lt;/ref&gt; Garveyism, ɗe ngonti huunde himmunde e haala makko ngenndiyaŋkaagal.
[[File:Azikiwe with parents.png|thumb|Azikiwe e jibnaaɓe mum, c. Kitaale 1910]]
Caggal nde o naati duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Hope Waddell,&lt;ref name=&quot;Yearbook1962&quot;&gt;{{cite book|title=Nigeria Year Book 1962|publisher=[[Daily Times (Nigeria)|Daily Times]]|year=1962|pages=112}}&lt;/ref&gt; Azikiwe artiraa to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde sukaaɓe Methodist, to [[Lagos]], o seerti e wondiiɓe makko ummoriiɓe e galleeji ɓooyɗi Lagos ko wayi no George Shyngle, Francis Cole e Ade Williams (ɓiy [[Akarigbo mo Remo|Akarigbo Remo]]). Ɗee jokkondiral naftorii caggal ɗuum e golle makko politik to [[Lagos]].{{sfn|Orji|2013|p=68}} Nde o woni to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Wesley ''Boys'' o ɓuri waawde jaŋde makko, o rokki deftere ina wiyee « gila e Log Cabin haa e galle ''White House'' », ko ɗum woni nguurndam [[James A. Garfield]], gonnooɗo hooreejo leydi [[Amerik]], umminooɗo e huɗo haa e moƴƴere. Deftere ndee ina addana mo pellital heɓde nafoore e nguurndam. Azikiwe nanii yeewtere [[James Aggrey]], jannginoowo mo miijii wonde Afriknaaɓe ina poti heɓde jaŋde kolees caggal leydi, ɓe ngarta e waɗde waylo.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|author=Esele, Amos|date=21 November 1994|title=Ninety hearty cheers!|work=The Week|location=Lagos, Nigeria}}&lt;/ref&gt; Caggal nde yeewtere ndee joofi, Aggrey rokki suka Azikiwe doggol duɗe jaɓɓotooɗe almudɓe ɓaleeɓe to [[Amerik]].{{sfn|Tonkin|1990|p=37}}

Caggal nde o timmini jaŋde makko hakkundeere, Azikiwe ɗaɓɓiri golle koloñaal, o jaɓaa wonde binndoowo to departemaa kaalis. Wakkati maako nder kuugal koloñaal, holli mo limngal njiyaagu nder laamu koloñaal.{{sfn|Orji|2013|p=69}} Suɓaade Azikiwe janngude to Amerik e nokku Angalteer, ko batte Doktoor James Kwegyr Aggrey, nguurndam hooreejo leydi A. Garfield e Abraham Lincoln, Pan-Afriknism Marcus Garvey e woodgol ballal wonande almudɓe waasɓe, tawi alaa ko heɓaa e Angalteer. E pellital yahde caggal leydi ngam ɓeydaade jaŋde, Azikiwe ɗaɓɓiri jaŋde mum to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde to U.S. O jaɓaa to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Storer College, tawi ko e dow ballal makko e yiytude laawol feewde [[Amerik]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=Commencement address at Storer delivered by African alumnus|date=14 June 1947|work=New Journal and Guide}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ngam yettaade [[Amerik]], o jokkondiri e laana ndiwoowa, o waɗi e makko nanondiral ngam wonde stowaway.&lt;ref name=&quot;theworldnews.net&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|date=2019-02-03|title=Reminiscing The Founding Fathers: Nnamdi Azikiwe|url=https://leadership.ng/reminiscing-the-founding-fathers-nnamdi-azikiwe/|access-date=2021-10-19|newspaper=[[Leadership (newspaper)|Leadership]]|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kono gooto e sehilaaɓe makko wonnooɓe e laana kaa rafi, ɓe wasiyii yo ɓe njippo e Sekondi. To leydi [[Gana]], Azikiwe golliima ko polis ; yumma makko yilliima, o wiyi mo yo o hoot leydi [[Naajeeriya|Najeriya]]. O arti, baaba makko jaɓi wallitde mo yahde [[Amerik]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Heroes of the Past – Nnamdi Azikiwe – Everything But Coffee|url=https://everythingbutcoffee.biz/2020/05/11/heroes-of-the-past-nnamdi-azikiwe/|language=en-US|access-date=2020-05-29|archive-date=5 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200805024303/https://everythingbutcoffee.biz/2020/05/11/heroes-of-the-past-nnamdi-azikiwe/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Azikiwe janngi to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Storer, to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Harpers Ferry, to Virginie worgo. Ngam yoɓde nguurndam makko e jaŋde makko, o golliima golle keewɗe ɗe ngalaa nafoore hade makko winnditaade to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Howard to Washington, D.C. e hitaande 1927 ngam heɓde dipolomaaji makko e ganndal politik. E hitaande 1929, o ummii duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Howard o fayi duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Lincoln ngam timminde jaŋde makko leslesre, o heɓi kadi seedantaagal makko BA e ganndal politik e hitaande 1930.&lt;ref name=&quot;Crisis-Jan1966&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|last=Azikiwe|first=Nnamdi|editor1-first=James W.|editor1-last=Ivy|editor-link=James W. Ivy|date=January 1966|title=A teacher remembered|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_crisis_1966-01_73_1/page/54|journal=Crisis|volume=73|issue=1|pages=54–55|publisher=The Crisis Publishing Company, Inc.|location=New York}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;OnlineNigeria&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.onlinenigeria.com/people/ad.asp?blurb=66|title=Biography of Dr. Nnamdi Azikiwe|access-date=2007-09-05|work=[www.onlinenigeria.com]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Azikwe ƴettii kursuuji e Alain Locke.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Getachew|first=Adom|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctv3znwvg|title=Worldmaking after Empire: The Rise and Fall of Self-Determination|date=2019|publisher=Princeton University Press|isbn=978-0-691-17915-5|pages=7|doi=10.2307/j.ctv3znwvg|jstor=j.ctv3znwvg}}&lt;/ref&gt; Azikiwe wonnoo ko tergal e fedde nde.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Politics and Leadership|url=http://www.pbs1914.org/sigmatoday/notablesigmapoliticsandleadership.asp|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070502181928/http://www.pbs1914.org/sigmatoday/notablesigmapoliticsandleadership.asp|url-status=dead|archive-date=2 May 2007|website=Phi Beta Sigma|access-date=7 November 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ndeen o naatii to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Lincoln to Pennsylvania e to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Pennsylvania e sahaa gooto e hitaande 1930, o heɓi dipoloma makko ko fayti e diine e filosofi to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Lincoln e hitaande 1932, o heɓi kadi dipoloma makko ko fayti e anthropologie to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Pennsylvania e hitaande 1933&lt;ref name=&quot;UPenn&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.archives.upenn.edu/histy/notables/political/pennheads.html|title=Alumni, Faculty, and Trustees of the University of Pennsylvania Who Have Served as Heads of State or Government|access-date=2007-09-05|publisher=[[University of Pennsylvania|University Archives and Records Center University of Pennsylvania]]|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070205032053/http://www.archives.upenn.edu/histy/notables/political/pennheads.html|archive-date=5 February 2007}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.onlinenigeria.com/zik.asp|title=Nigeria – Dr. Nnamdi Azikiwe|website=www.onlinenigeria.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Azikiwe wonti jannginoowo dipolomaaji to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Lincoln, ɗo o sosi janngirde daartol [[Afrik]].{{sfn|Tonkin|1990|p=41}} O woniino kanndidaa ngam heɓde dipolomaaji doktoraa to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde [[Colombia|Columbia]] hade makko hootde leydi [[Naajeeriya|Najeriya]] e hitaande 1934.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=Azikiwe May Accept Position in Liberia|date=21 July 1934|work=The New York Amsterdam News}}&lt;/ref&gt; Wiɗtooji doktoraa Azikiwe ɗii ɓuri teeŋtude ko e Liberiya e nder politik winndere, e binndol makko ngol A. H. Stockwell yaltini e hitaande 1934. E nder sahaa mo o woni to [[Amerik]], o woniino winndiyanke to jaaynde Afro-Ameriknaare Baltimore, to Philadelphia Tribune e to jaaynde Associated Negro Press.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|author=Azikiwe, N.|date=1 January 1965|title=Nigerian pioneer|work=The New York Times}}&lt;/ref&gt; Azikiwe ina joginoo miijooji jaayndeeji [[Afrik]]-[[Amerik]], Garveyism e Pan-Afriknaaɓe.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|author=Azikiwe, N.|date=1 January 1965|title=Nigerian pioneer|work=The New York Times}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Feddeeji e renndooji ===
Fedde sukaaɓe worɓe kerecee en, duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Storer (1925-27)

Cub hakkunde leyɗeele to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Howard (1928)

Fedde binndol Stylus to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Howard (1923)

Fedde hakkunde leyɗeele to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde [[Colombia|Columbia]] (1930-32)

Fedde nguurndam, Duɗal Anthropoloji Laamu (1933)

Fedde nguurndam, fedde faggudu laamɗo (1934)

Tergal nguurndam, Fedde Angalteer ngam ɓamtaare ganndal (1947)

Fedde Ameriknaare ngam sariyaaji hakkunde leyɗeele (1933–34)

Fedde Annduɓe Anthropoloji Amerka (1932-1934)

Fedde ganndal siyaas Amerik (1933-34)

Fedde Annduɓe Leƴƴi Amerka (1933-34)

Koolol ganndal siwil to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Lincoln (1934)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Anike|url=http://repository.unizik.edu.ng/bitstream/123456789/429/1/master%2C%2BAnike.pdf|website=repository.unizik.edu.ng}}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[File:Azikiwe playing American Football, Storer College, 1926.jpg|thumb|Azikiwe ina fija fuku [[Amerik]], to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Storer (1926)]]

== Golle atletik ==
E fuɗɗoode golle makko, Azikiwe ina yahra e boks, atletik, njulaagu, fuku koyɗe e tennis.&lt;ref name=&quot;Crisis-Jan19662&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|last=Azikiwe|first=Nnamdi|editor1-first=James W.|editor1-last=Ivy|editor-link=James W. Ivy|date=January 1966|title=A teacher remembered|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_crisis_1966-01_73_1/page/54|journal=Crisis|volume=73|issue=1|pages=54–55|publisher=The Crisis Publishing Company, Inc.|location=New York}}&lt;/ref&gt; Football ko Biritaan en ngaddi ɗum e leydi [[Naajeeriya|Najeriya]] nde ɓe koloni [[Afrik]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Nnamdi Azikiwe|url=https://nnu.ng/post/Nnamdi-Azikiwe|website=Nigeria News Update.|language=en|access-date=2020-05-30}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kono kala ligues sosaaɗe, ko ɗe ceerndaaɗe. Nnamdi yi'i ɗum bana tooñannge nden o wurti bee hooreejo to bannge fijirle jokkirgol e siyaasaaku haa timmoode jamaanu koloñaal.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Sports and the Modernity of Leisure in Nigeria: Stadium Space and the Symbolisms of Expressions, 1930–1980|url=https://repositories.lib.utexas.edu/bitstream/handle/2152/61376/OBASA-DISSERTATION-2015.pdf?sequence=1|last=Olusegun|first=Obasa|date=2015|website=repositories.lib.utexas.edu}}&lt;/ref&gt; E hitaande 1934, Zik haɗaama tawtoreede kawgel ngel sabu leydi Nijeer jaɓaaka tawtoreede. Ɗum waɗii sahaa goɗɗo sabu iwdi makko Igbo, Zik fellitii wonde ina heddi, o yiɗi sosde fedde makko. Nnamdi sosi fedde Zik's ''Athletic Club'' (ZAC) nde udditanta dame mum ngam fijirde worɓe e rewɓe kala leƴƴi, leƴƴi, leƴƴi, e kala fannuuji leydi [[Naajeeriya]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Nationalist Period|url=http://webeninnigeriaghanatogoboutsport.weebly.com/nationalist-period.html|website=Sports and Politics in British West/Central Africa|access-date=2020-05-30|archive-date=5 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200805025704/http://webeninnigeriaghanatogoboutsport.weebly.com/nationalist-period.html|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; E hitaande 1942, fedde nde yahi haa heɓi Ligue [[Lagos]] e Kop ''Memorial War''. Caggal ɗeen nafooje, Nnamdi udditi caɗeele ZAC goɗɗe e nder leydi [[Naajeeriya|Najeriya]] fof. E nder duuɓi wolde ZAC ina yaha njilluuji.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Nnamdi Azikiwe Facts|url=https://biography.yourdictionary.com/nnamdi-azikiwe|website=biography.yourdictionary.com|access-date=2020-05-30}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''Matchs'' ZAC ɗon waɗa nder lesdi ndi'i fuu, nden ɗum waɗi yimɓe [[Naajeeriya]] ɗon mari haaje kawtal e lesdi ndi'i ngam wallugo ɓe haɓugo ndimu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=The Establishment and the Achievements of the National Sports Commission in Nigeria|url=https://etd.ohiolink.edu/!etd.send_file?accession=osu1487093435463141&amp;disposition=inline|last=Abioye|first=Joseph Adegboyega|date=1980|website=etd.ohiolink.edu}}{{Dead link|date=September 2023|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}&lt;/ref&gt;

E hitaande 1949, won e fukuyaŋkooɓe ZAC tawtoraama njillu to Angalteer. E gartugol maɓɓe e njillu ngu ɓe njooɗii to Freetown, Siyeraa Leyoon, e leydi Najeriya fooli yimɓe nokku oo e golle 2. Ndee nasaraaku ko ɓuri duuɓi sappo ko adii jeytaare leydi [[Naajeeriya]], kono ko nde jibinannde kippu ngenndiijo leydi [[Naajeeriya]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Nigerians Love For Football; is it too much?|url=https://soccernet.ng/2015/03/nigerians-love-for-football-is-it-too.html|date=2015-03-23|website=Soccernet.ng|language=en-US|access-date=2020-05-30}}&lt;/ref&gt; E joofnirde, caggal duuɓi hare, e hitaande 1959, jaagorde Angalteer cakkitiinde yalti NFA, ñalnde 22 ut 1960, jonte seeɗa ko adii jeytaare mum, [[Naajeeriya]] naati e fedde fuku koyɗe winndereere wiyeteende FIFA.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Pictures &amp; Documents: FIFA at 114, How Nigeria Became a Member|url=https://www.sportsvillagesquare.com/2018/05/21/pictures-documents-fifa-at-114-how-nigeria-became-a-member/|date=2018-05-21|website=Sports Village Square|language=en-US|access-date=2020-05-30|archive-date=4 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200804175655/https://www.sportsvillagesquare.com/2018/05/21/pictures-documents-fifa-at-114-how-nigeria-became-a-member/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;Hay heen gootal waawaano wonde so wonaano Nnamdi Azikiwe. O hawti [[Naajeeriya]] bee fijirde nden o waddi hakkilo lesdi ndi'i wi'eteeɗum 'Nigerian-ness'.

=== Jaambaraagal dingiral ===
Sosɗo, ZiKs ''Athletic Club'' (e MRB. Oltun) ngam ɓamtugo fijooji, boksi, kirikit, njuulu e tennis nder leydi [[Naajeeriya]].

Gooliiɗo e yeeso, duɗal sukaaɓe metodist, [[Lagos]] (1921)

Jaagorgal, Diwgol toowngol, M.B.H.S, e Jaagorgal, Ñalngu Laamu (1921)

Jaagorɗo, tedduɗo, duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Storer (1925-27)

Jaagorgal &amp; Medaal kaŋŋe, Diwgol toowngol, Pijirlooji hakkunde duɗe HU (1926);

Medaal kaŋŋe, doggol leydi, doggudu kilomeeteer gooto, doggudu kilomeeteer gooto, e diwgol toowngol, kawgel kaalis to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Storer (1926)

Medaal, Pentatlon, kawgel kolees Storer (1925)

Kapiteen, fedde janngirde Storer (1927)

Medaal kaŋŋe, taƴoowo leydi, duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Storer (1921)

Medaal njamndi mboɗeeri, maraton Laurel-Baltimore (1927)

Jaagorɗo, dogdu ɓaleeru, duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Howard (1928)

Kapiteen gooto, fedde fuku koyɗe duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Lincoln (1930)

Doggol kilooji ɗiɗi, kawgel ɗiɗmel hakkunde duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Lincoln e duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Cheyney (1930)

Medaal kaalis, doggudu kilooji ɗiɗi, kawgel hakkunde duɗe jaaɓi haaɗtirde Hampton Virginia (1931)

Jaaliiɗo toɓɓere, dogdu Baltimore (1929, 1930)

Medaal njamndi mboɗeeri, dogdu Richmond (1931)

Toɓɓere Dowla, A.A.U. Kaɓirɗe hakkunde leyɗeele (1932)

Medaal kaŋŋe, dogdu 1 000 yard, Pijirlooji Kaledoni to Brooklyn, New York (1932)

Medaal kaŋŋe, Doggol Kilomeeteer gooto, e Doggol Kilomeeteer tati, Y MC.A. Pijirlooji, New York (1932)

Koppi kaalis, dogdu feccere kiloomeeteer, e keɓɗo kopporeeje kaalis e nder dogdu kiloomeeteer gooto, kawgel ñalngu ladde Demokaraasi, New Haven, Connecticut (1933)

Ɗiɗaɓo (e G.K Dorgu), kawgel tennis worɓe ɗiɗo Lagos, diɗɗal B (1938)

Nafooje (gorko Anchor), Kippu ZAC e nder kawgel njulaagu [[Lagos]] (1939)

Nasti ngam daranaago lesdi Naajeeriya nder fijirde Half-Mile e One Mile Run nder fijirde laamu lesdi Biritaniya nder hitaande 1934, ammaa A.A.A lesdi Biritaniya sali mo ngam 'daliilu karallaaku'. (Ngolɗoo jaɓgol addani mo winndude ɓataake lolluɗo, o woppi innde makko e ɗemngal Engele, hono Benjamin)

=== Tergal ===
Fedde fuku koyɗe Diamant (1922-24)

Fedde fijooji Merkiir to New York (1932-34)

Kaɓirgal tennis to Akra (1935-1937)

Patron, fedde fijirde Zik (gila 1956)

Hooreejo, Fedde Kirikit [[Naajeeriya]] (1940–44)

Hooreejo, Fedde Njulaagu [[Naajeeriya]] (1938–41)

Cukko hooreejo, fedde toppitiinde ko fayti e boksi leydi Nijeer (gila 1949)

Hooreejo fedde fuku koyɗe diiwaan [[Lagos]] (1951-1954)

Hooreejo, Fedde Fijooji Amateur [[Naajeeriya]] (gila 1952)

Hooreejo, Fedde ''Tennis'' Tabal [[Naajeeriya]] (gila 1953)

Cukko Patron e tergal Goomu, Goomu Olimpiyaade Nijeer, e Fedde Pijirlooji Laamu Biritaan e ''Commonwealth'' (gila 1951)

&lt;ref&gt;Alegi, Peter (2010). African Soccerscapes: How a Continent Changed the World's Game. Ohio University Press. {{ISBN|978-0-89680-278-0}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ​&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Before Joining FIFA and CAF; Nigeria FA was Affiliated to the FA in England|url=https://www.sportsvillagesquare.com/2018/08/21/before-joining-fifa-and-caf-nigeria-fa-was-affiliated-to-the-fa-in-england/|date=2018-08-21|website=Sports Village Square|language=en-US|access-date=2020-05-30|archive-date=4 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200804235509/https://www.sportsvillagesquare.com/2018/08/21/before-joining-fifa-and-caf-nigeria-fa-was-affiliated-to-the-fa-in-england/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.thehistoryville.com/nnamdi-azikiwe/|title=Nnamdi Azikiwe: How do We Remember Nigeria's First President? – HistoryVille|date=16 November 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Golle binndol ==

=== Jaaynde jaayndeyaagal e tafngo ===
Rewɓe ɓee ndaranii yoɓde njoɓdi Angalteer e hitaande 1929, ko ɗum seedtini warngooji keewɗi e nder Opobo, tawi ko soldateeɓe Angalteer ardii ɗum en e nokkuuji goɗɗi e nder diiwaan fuɗnaange. Azikiwe, nde nani kewu nguu, winndi winndannde ñaawoore tiitoonde mum ko ‘Warde rewɓe e nder leydi Nijeer’, nde o woni e janngude haa jooni to Amerik e hitaande 1930, e ɓataake mo o winndi e oon sahaa, daraniiɗo hakkeeji siwil ''Pan''-[[Afrik]], hono W. E. B. Du Bois. Nde o woni to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Lincoln, Azikiwe winndi deftere makko adannde wiyeteende ‘Liberia e nder politik winndere’ e hitaande 1931.

Azikiwe ɗaɓɓiriino wonde jaagorgal caggal leydi to leydi Liberiya, kono o saliima sabu o wonaa jeyaaɗo e leydi ndii.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Nnamdi Azikiwe: African Philosopher; scholar and eminent journalist|work=The Journalist|url=https://www.thejournalist.org.za/pioneers/nnamdi-azikiwe-african-philosopher-scholar-and-eminent-journalist|access-date=2020-05-29}}&lt;/ref&gt; E hitaande 1934, nde Azikiwe warti [[Lagos]], o anndaa no feewi, o yi’aama no neɗɗo tedduɗo e won e renndo [[Lagos]] e [[Igbo]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Dr. Nnamdi Azikiwe|url=http://www.ekwendigbo.com/index.php/en/profiles/blessed-memories/83-nnamdi-azikiwe|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200805055431/http://www.ekwendigbo.com/index.php/en/profiles/blessed-memories/83-nnamdi-azikiwe|url-status=dead|archive-date=5 August 2020|website=www.ekwendigbo.com|language=en-gb|access-date=2020-05-29}}&lt;/ref&gt; O jaɓɓaama e juuɗe yimɓe seeɗa, kolliri binndi makko to [[Amerik]] ina laaɓi ina njottii [[Naajeeriya]].{{sfn|Tonkin|1990|p=38}} To leydi Nijeer, faandaare Azikiwe adannde ko heɓde darnde fotnde e jaŋde makko ; caggal ɗaɓɓaande keewnde nde o heɓaani (ina heen ngam heɓde posto janngingol to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde ''King’s College'', [[Lagos]]), o jaɓi ɗaɓɓaande jom jawdi en [[Gana|Ganaa]] biyeteeɗo Alfred Ocansey ngam wonde gardiiɗo sosɗo jaaynde wiyeteende ''African Morning Post'', jaaynde hesere ñalnde kala to [[Accra]], [[Gana|Ganaa]].&lt;ref name=&quot;theworldnews.net2&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|date=2019-02-03|title=Reminiscing The Founding Fathers: Nnamdi Azikiwe|url=https://leadership.ng/reminiscing-the-founding-fathers-nnamdi-azikiwe/|access-date=2021-10-19|newspaper=[[Leadership (newspaper)|Leadership]]|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2013-01-07|title=Dr Nnamdi Azikiwe|url=https://thenigerianhistory.wordpress.com/dr-nnamdi-azikiwe/|access-date=2022-03-26|website=our history|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; O rokkaama junngo ngam dogginde jaaynde ndee, o ƴetti gollotooɓe mum heewɓe e asliiji ɗii.{{sfn|Orji|2013|p=68}} Azikiwe winndi &quot;''The Inside Stuff by'' Zik&quot;, deftere nde o winndi e nder mum ko fayti e ngenndiyaŋkaagal radikal e manngu ɓaleejo, ko ɗum addani won e kulhuli e nder dingiral koloñaal.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=African graduate of Lincoln creates stir in his native land|date=22 August 1936|work=New Journal and Guide}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ko o editor, o ƴelliti ajendaaji ngenndiyaŋkooɓe daraniiɓe [[Afrik]].&lt;ref name=&quot;theworldnews.net3&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|date=2019-02-03|title=Reminiscing The Founding Fathers: Nnamdi Azikiwe|url=https://leadership.ng/reminiscing-the-founding-fathers-nnamdi-azikiwe/|access-date=2021-10-19|newspaper=[[Leadership (newspaper)|Leadership]]|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt; Yuri Smertin siftinii binndol makko ngol ko, &quot;binndanɗe cemmbinɗe e haalaaji renndo ɗi cemmbini njuɓɓudi koloñaal gonndi ndii : keeri hakke Afriknaaɓe hollirde miijooji mum en, e njiyaagu njiyaagu&quot;. Yuri kadi ñiŋii ɓeen Afriknaaɓe jeyaaɓe e ‘elite’ renndo koloñaal, yiɗɓe jogaade njuɓɓudi gonndi ndii, nde tawnoo ɓe njiyri ɗum ko « tuugnorgal wellitaare maɓɓe.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Dr Nnamdi Azikiwe|url=https://thenigerianhistory.wordpress.com/dr-nnamdi-azikiwe/|date=2013-01-07|website=our history|access-date=2020-05-29}}&lt;/ref&gt; E nder dumunna mo Azikiwe woni e Accra, o yahri yeeso e filosof makko [[Afrik]] keso mo o ƴeewti caggal ɗuum e nder deftere makko, [[Afrik]] Renas50&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Long awaited Zik's Day preps in Anambra|url=https://www.nationallightngr.com/2019/11/14/long-awaited-ziks-day-preps-in-anambra/|date=2019-11-14|website=National Light|language=en-US|access-date=2020-05-29}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

E nder miijo filosof, Azikiwe wiyi wonde « ko leydi ɗo Afriknaaɓe ceertata e leƴƴi e laamuuji gaadanteeji, mbaylee e kuule filosof joy : ballondiral ruuhu, ƴellitaare renndo, pellital faggudu, ndimaagu hakkille e ngenndiyaŋkaagal risorgimento ». Azikiwe ronkaani politik Gold Coast, kadi jaaynde ndee ina wallita lannda Mambii nokku oo.{{sfn|Tonkin|1990|p=41}} ''The Post'', jaaynde nokkuure ndee yaltinii winndannde ñalnde 15 mee 1936, &quot;Mbele Afriknaajo ina jogii Alla?&quot; ko [[I. T. A. Wallace-Johnson]], e Azikiwe (hono winndiyanke) ñaawaama sabu fitinaaji.&lt;ref name=&quot;theworldnews.net4&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|date=2019-02-03|title=Reminiscing The Founding Fathers: Nnamdi Azikiwe|url=https://leadership.ng/reminiscing-the-founding-fathers-nnamdi-azikiwe/|access-date=2021-10-19|newspaper=[[Leadership (newspaper)|Leadership]]|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt; O fuɗɗii ko ñaaweede, o ñaawaa lebbi jeegom kasoo. E dow fenaande makko, Zik hollitii, &quot;so tawii ko mi kuutorgal daɗndo ngal imperiyaalisma e nder [[Afrik]] hirnaange foti luulndaade e liɓde, kadi so tawii e nder ndeeɗoo njillu miɗo foti yoɓde njoɓdi ɓurndi toowde, ndeen alaa ko haani mi diwde walla mi diwta. Miɗo wondi e hoolaare ñalnde kala wonde the ''New'' restinality ina waawi wonde les [[Afrik]] keso oo stem it. Hay maayde am waawaa jokkude kristal mum.&quot; Caggal ɗuum o woppitaa e Ñaawirde Toownde [[Afrik]] Hirnaange.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Nnamdi Azikiwe and the vision of a united Africa|url=https://www.thecitizen.co.tz/magazine/politicalreforms/Nnamdi-Azikiwe-and-the-vision-of-a-united-Africa/1843776-5116596-15o8e3tz/index.html|website=The Citizen|language=en|access-date=2020-05-30}}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[File:Nnamdi Azikiwe in Office, 1937.jpg|thumb|Azikiwe e nder biro mum, hitaande 1937]]
Azikiwe warti [[Lagos]] nder hitaande 1937, o sosi jaaynde wiyeteende ''West African Pilot'', jaaynde nde o huutortoo ngam ɓamtude ngenndiyaŋkaagal e nder leydi [[Naajeeriya|Najeriya]], fedde Zik ''Group'' sosi jaayndeeji jowitiiɗi e toɓɓe politik e faggudu e nder gure teeŋtuɗe e nder leydi ndii fof.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|last1=Uche|first1=Luke Uka|title=Mass Media, People, and Politics in Nigeria|url=https://archive.org/details/massmediapeoplep0000uche|date=1989|publisher=Concept Publishing Company|page=[https://archive.org/details/massmediapeoplep0000uche/page/95 95]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Jaaynde ɓurnde mawnude e fedde ndee ko ''Pilot'' [[Afrik]] worgo, nde huutorii ko konngol [[Dante Alighieri]] « Hollit annoore, yimɓe ɓee keɓata laawol » ngam waɗde heen konngol mum. Binndanɗe goɗɗe ko ''Defender'' [[Naajeeriya]] Fombinaari ummoriiɗo Warri (caggal mum [[Ibadan]]), Gardiiɗo Fuɗnaange (sosaaɗo e hitaande 1940, yaltinaa to Port Harcourt), e Kaaloowo [[Naajeeriya]] to [[Onitsha]].{{sfn|Idemili|1980|p=204}} Ko e hitaande 1944, fedde ndee heɓti deftere [[Dusé Mohamed Ali]] wiyeteende La Comète. Jaaynde Azikiwe ko njulaagu, kadi ko kuutorgal ngam politik e wallitde.{{sfn|Idemili|1980|p=195}} ''Pilot'' oo ɓuri tiiɗnaade ko e yeeyde ko ɓuri heewde ko e ''circulation'', ko ɓuri heewde ko sabu firms expatriés ɓuri waawde faggudu leydi [[Naajeeriya|Najeriya]].{{sfn|Idemili|1980|p=199}} Jaayɗe Azikiwe keewɗe teeŋtinii sensationalisme e daartol nafoore aadee ; ''the Pilot'' nastini yewtere fijirle e ta'irde rewɓe, ɓesdi yewtere dow kuuɗe [[Naajeeriya]] to ɗum hawti bee limngal limngal limngal limngal limngal ''Daily Times'' (ngal teddini limngal limngal yimɓe lesdi feere e limngal lesdi feere).{{sfn|Idemili|1980|p=200}} Doggol Pilot gadanol ngol ko 6 000 ekkol ñalawma kala ; e tolno mum ɓurɗo mawnude e hitaande 1950, nde ina yaltina ko ina tolnoo e 20 000 ekkol.{{sfn|Idemili|1980|p=203}} Azikiwe sosi gollorɗe njulaagu goɗɗe (hono Banke Kontinental [[Afrik]] e Restoran Penny) e oon sahaa, o huutorii jaayɗe makko ngam yeeyde ɗe.{{sfn|Tonkin|1990|p=42}}

Ko adii wolde adunaare ɗimmere, ''Pilot'' [[Afrik]] worgo&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=2022-11-29|title=The Sage and his Jewel: A society wedding in Ikenne Remo, By Tayo Agunbiade|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/opinion/568055-the-sage-and-his-jewel-a-society-wedding-in-ikenne-remo-by-tayo-agunbiade.html|access-date=2022-12-26|newspaper=[[Premium Times]]|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt; yiytaa ko no kaayitaaji etaade mahde tuugnorgal cirkulaasiyoŋ wonaa radikal peeñɗo. Editorialji ɓataake oo e yeewtere politik ndee ina teeŋtini tooñanngeeji baɗeteeɗi e [[Afrik|Afriknaaɓe]], e ñiŋde njuɓɓudi koloñaal e ballal miijooji eliteeji jannguɓe to [[Lagos]].{{sfn|Tonkin|1990|p=42}} Kono, e hitaande 1940, waylo-waylo seeɗa-seeɗa waɗi. No o waɗiri e jaaynde ''African Morning Post'' nii, Azikiwe fuɗɗii winndude lowre wiyeteende &quot;''Inside Stuff''&quot;, nde o etotoo sahaa e sahaa fof ƴellitde hakkillaaji politik.{{sfn|Idemili|1980|p=221}}Editorialuuji jaaynde ndee ina noddi jeytaare [[Afrik]], haa teeŋti noon caggal nde dille jeytaare Inndo ummii.{{sfn|Idemili|1980|p=221}} Hay so tawii kaayitaaji ɗii ina mballita Angalteer e nder wolde nde, ɗi ñiŋii peeje ustude ngalu ko wayi no ƴellitde cogguuli e ustude njoɓdi.&lt;ref name=&quot;lifeandtimesnews.com&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=Accord concondiale: The continuous search for Nigeria's elusive unity and indivisibility (4)|url=https://www.sunnewsonline.com/accord-concondiale-the-continuous-search-for-nigerias-elusive-unity-and-indivisibility-4/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|last=Sun News|date=2017|newspaper=[[The Sun (Nigeria)|The Sun]]|access-date=2020-05-30}}&lt;/ref&gt; E hitaande 1943, Diiso Angalteer (Conseil britannique) wallitii rewooɓe [[Afrik]] worgo 8 (ina heen Azikiwe), kanko e rewooɓe 6 woɗɓe ɓe kuutoriima fartaŋŋe ngam humpitaade jeytaare politik potnde waɗeede. Jaayndiyankooɓe ɓee ciifi ɓataake ngam ɗaɓɓude peeje moƴƴe renndo-politik seeɗa-seeɗa, tawa ina jeyaa heen ittugol njuɓɓudi koloñaal korona, wakilaagu diiwaanuuji e jeytaare koloñaaluuji [[Afrik]] hirnaange Angalteer e hitaande 1958 walla 1960.{{sfn|Idemili|1980|p=220}} ''Memorandum'' oo, biro koloñaal oo yejjiti ɗum, ɗum ɓeydi fitinaaji Azikiwe.{{sfn|Idemili|1980|p=233}}

Omo jogii nafoore mawnde e jaayɗe ko ina tolnoo e 12 ñalnde kala, ɗe [[Afrik|Afriknaaɓe]] njiylotoo. Binndanɗe Azikiwe ko faati e ngenndiyaŋkaagal [[Afrik]], mawnikinaare ɓaleeɓe e doole mum en, njibinii politikaaji koloñaal en heewɓe, naftorii [[Afrik|Afriknaaɓe]] heewɓe ŋakkiraaɓe.&lt;ref name=&quot;Nnamdi Azikiwe&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Nnamdi Azikiwe|url=http://dreamworldpioneers.com/3/post/2018/12/nnamdi-azikiwe.html|website=DREAM WORLD PIONEERS VENTURES|language=en|access-date=2020-05-30|archive-date=4 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200804162946/http://dreamworldpioneers.com/3/post/2018/12/nnamdi-azikiwe.html|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; Jaayɗe Fuɗnaange [[Afrik]] ina keewi yaltude e ɗemngal [[Suwahili]], so wonaa jaayɗe kabaruuji ko wayi ''no East African Standard''. Azikiwe wayliima no feewi e nder jaayɗe [[Afrik]] worgo, hollitii wonde jaayndeyaagal e ɗemngal Engele ina waawi dañde nafoore. E hitaande 1950, jaayɗe joy ɓurɗe mawnude ɗe [[Afrik]] toppitii e nder diiwaan Fuɗnaange (ina heen jaaynde Nigerian Daily Times) ɓuri ''Pilot'' yeeyde. Ñalnde 8 [[lewru]] juko hitaande 1945, laamu leydi [[Naajeeriya|Najeriya]] haɗi Azikiwe ''Pilot'' [[Afrik]] hirnaange e ''Daily Comet'' ngam hollirde ko boni e humpitooji ko faati e seppo mawngo.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Nnamdi Azikiwe: African Philosopher; scholar and eminent journalist|work=The Journalist|url=https://www.thejournalist.org.za/pioneers/nnamdi-azikiwe-african-philosopher-scholar-and-eminent-journalist|access-date=2020-05-30}}&lt;/ref&gt; Azikiwe hay so jaɓii ɗum, o jokki e yaltinde binndanɗe ko faati e seppo ngoo e nder jaaynde wiyeteende ''Guardian'' (jaaynde makko Port Harcourt). O ardii seppo mawngo e hitaande 1945, o woni hooreejo leydi [[Naajeeriya]] fuɗnaange gila 1954 haa 1959.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Azikiwe, Benjamin Nnamdi {{!}} Infoplease|url=https://www.infoplease.com/encyclopedia/history/asia-africa/african-bios/azikiwe-benjamin-nnamdi|website=www.infoplease.com|language=en|access-date=2020-05-30}}&lt;/ref&gt; E kitaale 1960, caggal jeytaare leydi [[Naajeeriya|Najeriya]], ''Pilot'' ngenndiijo [[Afrik]] hirnaange ina teskaa e fuɗnaange. Azikiwe ƴettii faandaare teeŋtunde e pelle politik ɗe njiɗnoo ko ittude. O ñiŋaama e fedde [[Yoruba language|Yoruba]] en sabu huutoraade jaaynde makko ngam haɗde luulndaade miijooji makko. E maayde Azikiwe, jaaynde The New York Times wiyi wonde o &quot;toowiima e geɗe ngenndi ɓurndi heewde yimɓe e nder [[Afrik]], o heɓi darnde jaambaaro ngenndiijo goonga, garɗo teskeede e nder diiwaanuuji e leƴƴi ceertuɗi leydi makko.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;Times&quot;&gt;{{cite news|last1=French|first1=Howard W.|title=Nnamdi Azikiwe, the First President of Nigeria, Dies at 91|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1996/05/14/world/nnamdi-azikiwe-the-first-president-of-nigeria-dies-at-91.html|access-date=8 November 2018|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=14 May 1996}}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[File:Azikiwe and Zungur in London 1949.png|thumb|Azikiwe e [[Sa'adu Zungur]] to Londres (1949)]]

== Azikiwe olle politik ==
wonti golloowo e nder fedde sukaaɓe [[Naajeeriya]] (NYM), fedde ngenndiyaŋkoore arandeere e nder leydi ndi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2011-05-03|title=The Nigerian Youth Movement (1934–1951)|url=https://www.blackpast.org/global-african-history/nigerian-youth-movement-1934-1951/|access-date=2022-12-26|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Hay so tawii o walliino [[Samuel Akisanya]] ngam wonde kanndidaa NYM ngam heɓde jooɗorde wootere e nder Diiso sarɗiiji e hitaande 1941, tawi diiso doosɗe suɓiima [[Ernest Ikoli]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Sklar 2004 53–54&quot;&gt;{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Oi0aVR4YkmUC&amp;pg=PA53|title=Nigerian Political Parties: Power in an Emergent African Nation|first=Richard L.|last=Sklar|pages=53–54|publisher=Africa World Press|year=2004|isbn=978-1-59221-209-5}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Azikiwe wurtini NYM, o tuumi ardungal ɓurngal ɗuuɗugo nder Yoruba'en ɗon ƴama yimɓe Ijebu-Yoruba'en e Igbo'en. Won e terɗe Ijebu ndewi e makko, pecci dille ɗee e laabi leƴƴi.&lt;ref name=&quot;Sklar 2004 53–542&quot;&gt;{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Oi0aVR4YkmUC&amp;pg=PA53|title=Nigerian Political Parties: Power in an Emergent African Nation|first=Richard L.|last=Sklar|pages=53–54|publisher=Africa World Press|year=2004|isbn=978-1-59221-209-5}}&lt;/ref&gt; O naati nder siyaasaaku, o sosi kawtal lesdi [[Naajeeriya]] e lesdi [[Kamerun|Kameruun]] (NCNC) bee [[Herbert Macaulay]] nder hitaande 1944. Azikiwe laati hooreejo kawtal ngal nder hitaande 1946. NCNC hawti bee lanndaaji lesdi [[Naajeeriya]], kawtal fina-tawaa, e kawtal kuugal lesdi [[Naajeeriya]], Kawtal Rewbe Demokaraasi [[Naajeeriya]] ekn lannda woni lannda siyaasa tataɓal sosaangal nder leydi [[Naajeeriya]] ɓaawo lannda ''Democratic National'' [[Naajeeriya]] (kañum ne sosi ɗum [[Herbert Macaulay]]), e Mouvement Sukaaɓe [[Naajeeriya]]. Terɗe lannda kaa teeŋtuɗe ina njeyaa heen; [[Funmilayo Ransome-Kuti|Fumilayo Ransome-Kuti]], [[M.I.Okpara]], J.O. Fadahunsi, [[Eyo Ita]], [[Margaret Ekpo]], [[Raymond Njoku]], F.S. McEwen, [[Festus Okotie-Eboh]],[[Timote Paul Birabi]], A.K. Blankson, [[Dennis Osadebay|Denis Osadebay]], e [[TOS Benson]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Oi0aVR4YkmUC&amp;pg=PA53|title=Nigerian Political Parties: Power in an Emergent African Nation|first=Richard L.|last=Sklar|pages=57–58|publisher=Africa World Press|year=2004|isbn=978-1-59221-209-5}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Tuumeede fedde ===
Sabu ballal Azikiwe e seppo mawngo e [[lewru]] suwee 1945 e njanguuji makko e laamu koloñaal, bayyinaango ''Pilot'' [[Afrik]] hirnaange dartinaama ñalnde 8 sulyee ndeen hitaande.&lt;ref name=&quot;DR. BENJAMIN NNAMDI AZIKIWE&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Dr. Benjamin Nnamdi Azikiwe|url=https://ilanssenyange.wixsite.com/ilannews/single-post/2017/11/10/DR-BENJAMIN-NNAMDI-AZIKIWE|website=ilannews|date=10 November 2017|language=en|access-date=2020-05-30}}&lt;/ref&gt; O yetti liggotooɓe seppooɓe ɓee e hooreejo maɓɓe, [[Michael Imoudu]], o tuumi laamu koloñaal ina huutoroo liggotooɓe.{{sfn|Orji|2013|p=79}} E [[lewru]] ut, jaaynde ndee jaɓaama fuɗɗaade yaltude.{{sfn|Idemili|1980|p=255}} E nder seppo ngo, Azikiwe ummini alarm ko faati e peeje warngooji ɗi yimɓe ɓe nganndaaka, gollotooɓe e innde laamu koloñaal.{{sfn|Orji|2013|p=79}} Daartol makko e tuumeede ko mesaas wireless mo jaayndiyanke ''Pilot'' nanngi.{{sfn|Idemili|1980|p=200}} Caggal nde o heɓi mesaas mo o taƴi oo, Azikiwe naati suuɗde to [[Onitsha]]. ''Pilot'' yaltinii binndanɗe yurmeende e sahaa nde o alaa, kadi Naajeeriyankooɓe heewɓe ina ngoongɗini daartol warngo ngoo.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=2018-11-16|title=Nnamdi Azikiwe: A True National Hero|url=https://m.guardian.ng/life/nnamdi-azikiwe-a-true-national-hero/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=2022-09-11|newspaper=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]]|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Nwafor|first=Emmanuel Mordi|date=2018|title=The role of the press in the democratic process: The example of Nigeria's First Republic, 1960–1966|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/328234488|journal=}}&lt;/ref&gt; Lowre Azikiwe, e cirƴam jaayndeeji makko, ɓeydii e ooɗoo sahaa. Tuume ɗee ina cikki won e Naajeeriyankooɓe, ɓe cikkatnoo ko o waɗi ɗe ngam ɓamtude darnde makko.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Nwafor|first=Emmanuel Mordi|date=2018|title=The role of the press in the democratic process: The example of Nigeria's First Republic, 1960–1966|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/328234488|journal=}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sikke alaa ko ɓuri heewde e maɓɓe ko politikaaji Yoruba en ummoriiɓe e fedde sukaaɓe [[Naajeeriya]], ko ɗum waɗi luural hakkunde pelle ɗee e hare jaayndeeji hakkunde ''Pilot'' Azikiwe e ''Daily Service NYM.''
[[File:Members of Zikist Movement.jpg|thumb|Terɗe fedde Zikist en]]

=== Diɗɗal Zikist en ===
Sukaaɓe ɓee kawri ngam haɓaade laamu koloñaal Angalteer. Gooto e fedde sukaaɓe hono ndee ko Zikist en. Diɗɗal sukaaɓe ngal alaa ko bonnata – e gardagol Kolawole Balogun, [[Raji Abdallah]], [[Osita Agwuna]], [[M. C. K. Ajuluchukwu]] e Abiodun Aloba – sosaa ko e hitaande 1946 ngam daranaade nguurndam Azikiwe e miijooji mum laamu hoore mum.{{sfn|Orji|2013|p=79}} &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=University|first=Nnamdi Azikiwe|date=2021-11-16|title=Profile of Nnamdi Azikiwe|url=https://zikslectureseries.unizik.edu.ng/profile-of-nnamdi-azikiwe/|access-date=2022-06-14|website=Zik's Lecture Series|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{sfn|Idemili|1980|p=262}}Kola Balogun woni hooreejo gadano dillere Zikist en. E lewru feebariyee 1946, Balogun neldi noddaango fotde sukaaɓe 20 to [[Lagos]], ngam naamnaade miijo maɓɓe e geɗe ngenndiije. E nder capanɗe ɗiɗi ɗee, sappo e ɗiɗo njaabiima, ɗum addani sosde Diɗɗal Zikist, nde tawnoo ɓeen worɓe ngontii terɗe sosɗe maggal. [[Nwafor Orizu]] sinci helmere 'Zikism' diga Azikiwe nde laati innde diina man.&lt;ref name=&quot;Olusanya-1966&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Olusanya|first=G. O.|date=November 1966|title=The Zikist Movement—a Study in Political Radicalism, 1946–50|url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-modern-african-studies/article/abs/zikist-movementa-study-in-political-radicalism-194650/827C21945CCED6CADD67EE7FDB230159|journal=The Journal of Modern African Studies|language=en|volume=4|issue=3|pages=323–333|doi=10.1017/S0022278X00013501|issn=1469-7777|url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt; O wonaa tergal e dillere nde kono ko o sehil ɓadiiɗo e jiɗɗo Azikiwe, kadi omo jeyaa e sukaaɓe heewɓe ɓe Azikiwe doolni ngam janngude to [[Amerik]], e sara [[Eyo Ita]] e [[K. O. Mbadiwe|KO Mbadiwe]]. [[Raji Abdallah]] wonti hooreejo ɗiɗaɓo fedde Zikist, caggal nde Balogun ummii [[Londres]], o golliima gila 1948 haa 1949. O waɗii nafoore mawnde e heɓde ballal to bannge worgo e jeyeede e fedde nde. Abdallah e Osita Agwuna (jaagorde makko) ko ɓooyaani koo mbaɗi fedde wiyeteende “Anti-''Colour Bar'' Mouvement” (ACBM) to [[Kano]], fedde nde ina luulndii njiyaagu seerndude ɓaleeɓe e ɓaleeɓe e nder leydi Nijeer. ACBM caggal mum fusi e nder fedde Zikist ɓurnde mawnude.&lt;ref name=&quot;Iweriebor-1993&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Iweriebor|first=Ehiedu Emmanuel Goodluck|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Cu3-twEACAAJ|title=Radical Nationalism in Nigeria: The Zikist Movement and the Struggle for Liberation, 1945-1950|date=1993|publisher=U.M.I.|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; No Balogun nii, e hitaande 1948, Abdallah riiwaa e golle mum e nder sarwiis jaayndeeji Kano, sarwiis jaayndeeji rajooji. Ko riiwtude mo addani mo ɓeydaade jokkondirde e Mouvement Zikist. O riiwaa sabu naatgol makko e dillere Zikist ina sikkaa ko politik ɓurɗo laaɓtude wonande golloowo laamu.

Abdallah ñaawaa caggal mum ñalnde 7 noowammbar 1948 to Ñaawirde Toownde [[Lagos]], ɗo o waɗi konngol, o wiyi nii, &quot;Ɗum ko ñalawma teeŋtuɗo no feewi. Ko ɓuri teeŋtude, ma a taw e nder daartol leydi men. Miɗo noddira ɗum ko ɓuri teeŋtude sabu ko hannde pot-ɗen fellitde, mbele eɗen poti anndude hol ko foti wonde freemen walla alaa?&quot; &quot;Miɗo yiɗi Union Jack e ɓernde am fof. Sabu so wonaa e nder leydi Angalteer, ɗo yahrata fof; woɗɗi hawrude, ina renndini yimɓe ɓee. Mi alaa ko njogiimi e laamɗo George VI mo Angalteer. Kono miɗo yiɗi ''Crown'' leydi Angalteer e ɓernde am fof. Ngam miin e banndiraaɓe am, ko maande tooñannge, maande tooñannge, maande tooñannge, ko juuti e inige petition. En njaltii e duuɓi dipolomasi. Ko ɗum waɗi, miɗo ɗoo jamma, ngam noddirde spade ko spade, e machete ko machete.&quot; &quot;Hande, min, Habibu Raji Abdallah, bee mo'ere Allah, hooreejo lesdi Zikist ''Movement'' e ''Field'' Secretary NCNC, mi ɗon anndina hoore am mi ɓii lesdi [[Naajeeriya]] jeytaare e jeytaare. Mi walaa gooŋgaaku haa kala laamu jananndu, nden boo nder walaa' laamu lesdi [[Naajeeriya]] e heforth ngam yimɓe lesdi [[Naajeeriya]]; haani ɗooftaade kala sariya, ko wonaa sariyaaji ɓiɗɓe leydi [[Najeriyaagal|Najeriya]], aadaaji e sariyaaji hakkunde leyɗeele.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=The labour of our heroes past… (II)|url=https://dailytrust.com/the-labour-of-our-heroes-past-ii/|access-date=2026-06-21|newspaper=[[Daily Trust]]|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ko ɗum waɗi, mi yoɓataa njoɓdi ndii e ooɗoo laamu.Ngam so a yoɓii, ɓe kuutortoo ko kaalis ngam duumaade njiimaandi maɓɓe e dow maa.&quot;[citation needed] E dow ñaawoore makko, o jaabtii e mitigation ''Greggcitation'', ''presitation'',&lt;ref name=&quot;:02&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=The labour of our heroes past… (II)|url=https://dailytrust.com/the-labour-of-our-heroes-past-ii/|access-date=2026-06-21|newspaper=[[Daily Trust]]|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&quot;so tawii aɗa gooŋɗini e goonga wonde ko bonannde haɓaade ndimaagu, ndeen noon, e kala sahaa, ñaaw am haa mi wara. So tawiino miɗo woppitee hannde, mi waawaa rokkude hoolaare ngam muusde ɗemngal am. Miin noon, ɓernde am ina laaɓi, miɗo weltii e accude ñaawoore sakkitiinde nde So rifatho, the fuverill to weltaare waɗɓe ma ɗoo mi acca ñaawoore sakkitiinde ndee e Alla.”

&lt;ref name=&quot;Iweriebor-19932&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Iweriebor|first=Ehiedu Emmanuel Goodluck|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Cu3-twEACAAJ|title=Radical Nationalism in Nigeria: The Zikist Movement and the Struggle for Liberation, 1945-1950|date=1993|publisher=U.M.I.|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Oluwagbemi|first=Ayodele|date=2016-02-14|title=Remembering the Zikist Movement|url=https://punchng.com/remembering-the-zikist-movement/|access-date=2024-04-02|newspaper=[[The Punch]]|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Enesi|first=Prince H.|date=2017-01-01|title=HABIB RAJI ABDALLAH, 1920 - 1982: AN UNCOMMON NATIONALIST FORGOTTEN IN THE SANDS OF HISTORY|url=https://www.academia.edu/38424995|journal=International Journal of Arts and Humanities}}&lt;/ref&gt; Konnguɗi makko lolluɗi ɗii njahdi ko caggal keeri leydi [[Naajeeriya|Najeriya]], ɗi njaɓaa ko e lannda leƴƴi kawral (CPP) mo [[Kwame Nkrumah]] to Cote d’Or (hannde [[Gana|Ganaa]]). Laamu koloñaal jaɓaani moƴƴere e les njiimaandi rewolison e nulal Abdallah. Ko ɗum waɗi Abdallah e ardiiɓe fedde Zikist en nayo nanngaa, ɓe tuumaama ko ɓe fitinaaji.&lt;ref name=&quot;Olusanya-19662&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Olusanya|first=G. O.|date=November 1966|title=The Zikist Movement—a Study in Political Radicalism, 1946–50|url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-modern-african-studies/article/abs/zikist-movementa-study-in-political-radicalism-194650/827C21945CCED6CADD67EE7FDB230159|journal=The Journal of Modern African Studies|language=en|volume=4|issue=3|pages=323–333|doi=10.1017/S0022278X00013501|issn=1469-7777|url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ndeeɗoo ƴaañgal e ardorde Zikist en addani njuɓɓudi goɗndi e nder Diɗɗal Zikist en, addani Nduka Eze yaltude hooreejo leydi, caggal nde Abdallah sokaa, Mokwugo Okoye wonti sekreteruuji mawɗi. Zikist en, e nder yontaaji, njaltii e NCNC, ɓuri ngenndiyaŋkooɓe e njuɓɓudi jibinannde mum en. Ofiseeji koloñaal en njiyri dille Zikist en ko renndo ngo rewaani laawol, ɓe njaltini yamiroore (''Order-in-Council''), ɓe kaɗi dille Zikist en ñalnde 12 abriil 1950. Caggal ɗuum fedde nde fusi, terɗe mayre mbayli e politik, e njulaagu, e laamu aadaaji.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2016-08-01|title=Remembering Raji Abdullah, Northern Leader Of The Zikist Movement – Igbo Defender|url=https://igbodefender.com/remembering-raji-abdullah-northern-leader-zikist-movement/|access-date=2024-04-02|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2016-08-01|title=Remembering Raji Abdullah, Northern Leader Of The Zikist Movement – Igbo Defender|url=https://igbodefender.com/remembering-raji-abdullah-northern-leader-zikist-movement/|access-date=2024-04-02|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Luulndaade doosgal leydi Richards ===
E hitaande 1945, guwerneer leydi Biritaan biyeteeɗo [[Arthur Richards]] hollitii eɓɓooje ngam waylude doosɗe leydi [[Clifford shaw|Clifford]] ɗe hitaande 1922.&lt;ref name=&quot;lifeandtimesnews.com2&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=Accord concondiale: The continuous search for Nigeria's elusive unity and indivisibility (4)|url=https://www.sunnewsonline.com/accord-concondiale-the-continuous-search-for-nigerias-elusive-unity-and-indivisibility-4/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|last=Sun News|date=2017|newspaper=[[The Sun (Nigeria)|The Sun]]|access-date=2020-05-30}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ina jeyaa e eɓɓaande ndee ɓeydugol terɗe [[Afrik]] toɗɗaaɗe e Diiso sarɗiiji. Kono waylooji ɗii ko ngenndiyankooɓe hono Azikiwe luulndii ɗum en.&lt;ref name=&quot;Nnamdi Azikiwe2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Nnamdi Azikiwe|url=http://dreamworldpioneers.com/3/post/2018/12/nnamdi-azikiwe.html|website=DREAM WORLD PIONEERS VENTURES|language=en|access-date=2020-05-30|archive-date=4 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200804162946/http://dreamworldpioneers.com/3/post/2018/12/nnamdi-azikiwe.html|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; Politiyankooɓe NCNC njaɓaani kuule ɗe [[Arthur Richards]] ƴetti, kam e kuulal doosgal leydi ndi ina ɗaɓɓi terɗe [[Afrik|Afriknaaɓe]] nay cuɓaaɗe tan ; heddiiɓe ɓee maa ngona kanndidaaji toɗɗaaɗi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Seng|first=Michael P.|date=1985|title=Democracy in Nigeria|url=https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3qk5d1h9|journal=National Black Law Journal|volume=9|issue=2|pages=144–166|via=escholarship.org}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kanndidaaji [[Afrik|Afriknaaɓe]] toɗɗaaɗi ɗii ko lolluɓe laamu koloñaal, tee ɓe njiɗaa laamu hoore maɓɓe e dow fenaande. Daartol luulndo ngoɗngol ko ŋakkeende nafoore ngam yahrude yeeso [[Afrik|Afriknaaɓe]] e jappeere laamu toownde. NCNC ina hebli ngam haɓaade haala mum e laamu kesu nguu, hono [[Clement Attlee]] to leydi Angalteer.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Clement Attlee and union links|url=https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/cabinetpapers/themes/clement-attlee-union-links.htm|last=The National Archives|website=NationalArchives.gov.uk|access-date=2020-05-30}}&lt;/ref&gt; Jaɓɓungal leydi ndi fuɗɗii ngam humpitaade ko woni e lannda ka, e dañde kaalis ngam seppo leydi Angalteer.{{sfn|Olusanya|1964|p=246}}Hooreejo lannda NCNC, [[Herbert Macaulay]] maayi e nder njillu ngu, Azikiwe ƴetti ardaade lannda ka. O ardii delegaasiyoŋ oo haa Londres, ngam heblude njillu nguu, o yahi [[Amerik]] ngam ɗaɓɓude yurmeende e haala lannda kaa. Azikiwe hawri e [[Eleanor Roosevelt]] to [[Hyde Park]], o haali ko fayti e &quot;rimɗinde leydi [[Naajeeriya]] e maccungaagu politik, ŋakkeende kisal faggudu e ŋakkeende renndo&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Nnamdi Azikiwe {{!}} Nationalism and Decolonization|url=https://nigerianscholars.com/tutorials/nationalism-and-decolonization/nnamdi-azikiwe/|access-date=2023-12-13|website=Nigerian Scholars|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Delegaasiyoŋ Angalteer ina jeyaa heen Azikiwe, [[Funmilayo Ransome-Kuti]], Zanna Dipcharima, [[Abubakar Olorun-Nimbe|Abubakar Olorunimbe]], P. M. Kale, Adeleke Adedoyin e Nyong Essien. Ɓe njilliima Biro Kolonial Fedde Fabian, Goomu Laamɗo Gollotooɓe e Dental Almudɓe [[Afrik]] Hirnaange ngam humpitaade eɓɓooji mum ngam waylude doosɗe leydi 1922. Ina jeyaa e eɓɓooje NCNC, jokkondirde e [[Afrik|Afriknaaɓe]] ko faati e waylooji doosɗe leydi [[Naajeeriya|Najeriya]], ɓeydude doole e nder suudu sarɗiiji diiwaan oo e ustude doole e nder suudu sarɗiiji hakkundeejo to bannge difagol, kaalis e geɗe caggal leydi.{{sfn|Olusanya|1964|p=247}} Delegaasiyoŋ oo yettinii eɓɓaaɗe mum to gardiiɗo jaagorɗe koloñaal, kono ko seeɗa tan waɗi ngam waylude eɓɓaaɗe Richards. Doosgal Richards fuɗɗii golle ko e hitaande 1947, Azikiwe haɓa e gooto e jooɗorɗe [[Lagos]] ngam leeltinde golle mum.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=University|first=Nnamdi Azikiwe|date=2021-11-16|title=Profile of Nnamdi Azikiwe|url=https://zikslectureseries.unizik.edu.ng/profile-of-nnamdi-azikiwe/|access-date=2023-12-13|website=Zik's Lecture Series|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[File:Stamp Cameroons 2d-600px.jpg|thumb|Tammborde Naajeeriya hitaande 1953]]

=== Duuɓi 1950 haa 1953 ===
E nder doosgal leydi Richards, Azikiwe suɓaama e nder Diisnondiral Legislatif e nder wooteeji municipaal [[Lagos]] ummoraade e lannda Demokaraasi ngenndiijo (fotde NCNC).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Accord concondiale: The continuous search for Nigeria's elusive unity and indivisibility (4)|url=https://www.sunnewsonline.com/accord-concondiale-the-continuous-search-for-nigerias-elusive-unity-and-indivisibility-4/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|date=2017|access-date=2020-05-30|newspaper=[[The Sun (Nigeria)|The Sun]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kanko e wakiliijo lannda makko ɓe tawtoraaka batu gadano diisnondiral ngal, kadi agitaasiyoŋ ngam waylude doosgal leydi Richards addani doosgal leydi [[Macpherson]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Nnamdi Azikiwe3&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Nnamdi Azikiwe|url=http://dreamworldpioneers.com/3/post/2018/12/nnamdi-azikiwe.html|website=DREAM WORLD PIONEERS VENTURES|language=en|access-date=2020-05-30|archive-date=4 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200804162946/http://dreamworldpioneers.com/3/post/2018/12/nnamdi-azikiwe.html|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; Doosgal Macpherson fuɗɗii golle ko e hitaande 1951, hono no doosgal Richards nii, noddi wooteeji e nder suudu sarɗiiji diiwaan oo. Azikiwe saliima waylooji ɗii, o haɓanaaki fartaŋŋe waylude doosgal leydi kesal ngal.

Wooteeji limtaaɗi mbaɗaama tuggi lewru ut haa lewru desaambar 1951.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=The 1951 elections: How Awolowo forced Azikiwe out of western Nigeria|url=https://businessday.ng/columnist/article/the-1951-elections-how-awolowo-forced-azikiwe-out-of-western-nigeria/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|last=Adekoya|first=Dr. Remi|date=2019|newspaper=[[BusinessDay (Nigeria)|BusinessDay]]|access-date=2020-05-30}}&lt;/ref&gt; To Diiwaan Hirnaange (ɗo Azikiwe darinoo ɗoo), lanndaaji ɗiɗi ɓuri heen heewde : NCNC mo Azikiwe e Goomu golle. Woote Asaambele diiwaan Hirnaange mbaɗaama e lewru suwee e desaambar 1951 sabu doosgal leydi ndii ina ɗaɓɓi e kollirɗe woote ngam suɓaade terɗe suudu sarɗiiji ngenndi ; ko ɓuri heewde e ''Action Group'' e nder suudu nduu ina waawi haɗde Azikiwe yahde suudu sarɗiiji.&lt;ref&gt;Onyioha, K.O.K. |date=20 November 1951|&quot;Ben Azikiwe key figure in long Nigerian poll&quot;, ''Philadelphia Tribune'' (1912–2001).&lt;/ref&gt; O heɓi jooɗorde asamblee diiwaan oo gila [[Lagos]], kono lannda luulndo ngoo wiyi ina jogii ɓural e nder suudu sarɗiiji, Azikiwe kadi daranaaki [[Lagos]] e nder suudu sarɗiiji fedde nde. E hitaande 1951, o wonti hooreejo luulndo laamu [[Obafemi Awolowo]] to suudu sarɗiiji diiwaan hirnaange. Azikiwe suɓaaka e nder batu ngenndi, waɗii jiiɓru e nder hirnaange.{{sfn|Olusanya|1964|p=303}} Nanondiral hakkunde terɗe NCNC cuɓaaɗe ummoriiɗe [[Lagos]] ngam woppude Azikiwe so tawii o suɓaaka, yanii. Azikiwe tuumi doosgal leydi, o yiɗi ko waylooji mbaɗee. NCNC (mo jiimi e Diiwaan Fuɗnaange) jaɓi, e ƴettude peeje ngam waylude doosɗe leydi.{{sfn|Olusanya|1964|pp=303–305}}

Azikiwe ummiima to Diiwaan Fuɗnaange e hitaande 1952&lt;ref name=&quot;pulse.ng&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=A brief walk into the life of Nigeria's first president|url=https://www.pulse.ng/news/local/nnamdi-azikiwe-a-brief-walk-into-the-life-of-nigerias-first-president/5e2yhtv|date=2017-09-20|newspaper=[[Pulse Nigeria]]|language=en-US|access-date=2020-05-30}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Nnamdi Azikiwe and the vision of a united Africa -II|url=https://www.thecitizen.co.tz/magazine/politicalreforms/Nnamdi-Azikiwe-and-the-vision-of-a-united-Africa--II/1843776-5126270-hfst7u/index.html|website=The Citizen|language=en|access-date=2020-05-30}}&lt;/ref&gt; e batu diiwaan mo NCNC ɓuri heewde oo waɗi eɓɓooje ngam jaɓɓaade mo. Hay so tawii jaagorɗe diiwaan e hakkundeeje lannda kaa ɗaɓɓiraama yo njokku laamu e nder mbayliigu kabine, ko ɓuri heewde e maɓɓe njaɓaani ɗaɓɓaande ndee.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=The Political Public and Difference: The Case of Nigeria|url=https://tspace.library.utoronto.ca/bitstream/1807/12875/1/nq41018.pdf|last=Ejobowah|first=John Boye|date=1999|website=tspace.library.utoronto.ca|access-date=2020-05-30}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ndeen asaambele diiwaan oo waɗii woote ngam waasde hoolaade jaagorɗe ɗee, kadi kuule appropriation neldaaɗe to ministeer oo njaɓaaka.&lt;ref name=&quot;DR. BENJAMIN NNAMDI AZIKIWE2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Dr. Benjamin Nnamdi Azikiwe|url=https://ilanssenyange.wixsite.com/ilannews/single-post/2017/11/10/DR-BENJAMIN-NNAMDI-AZIKIWE|website=ilannews|date=10 November 2017|language=en|access-date=2020-05-30}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ɗum addani diiwaan hee ŋakkere, lietnaa-guwerneer oo fusi galle diiwaan oo. Woote kese ngartiri Azikiwe e wonde tergal Asammbele Fuɗnaange. O suɓaama hooreejo lesdi [[Naajeeriya]], nden o laati hooreejo lesdi [[Naajeeriya]] nder hitaande 1954 nde ɗum warti kawtal lesdi [[Naajeeriya]].

== Premier diiwaan Fuɗnaange ==
Azikiwe wonti hooreejo leydi diiwaan Fuɗnaange e hitaande 1954 caggal nde doosgal kesal waɗtaa e golle. Komisiyoŋ faggudu diiwaan Fuɗnaange Azikiwe gollondirii e Orop e [[Amerik]] worgo ngam wallitde ƴellitaare e nder diiwaan hee, e nder njulaagu, e nder njulaagu nebam leɗɗe, e nder njamndi e kemikal e nder diiwaan hee. O mahii sosiyetee semmbe Nijeer lolluɗo to Nkalagu e nder diiwaan [[Ebonyi, Ebonyi State|Ebonyi]] hannde oo, o fuɗɗii golle ñalnde 1 [[lewru]] Yarkomaa hitaande 1955. O mahii gaas Nijeer. O sosi kadi sosiyetee gadano e nder leydi Nijeer, biyeteeɗo Niger Steel. O sosi banke ɓiɓɓe lesdi [[Naajeeriya]] arandeejo, Banke [[Afrik]] (ACB). Ummingo ACB waɗi ngomnati Hirnaange lesdi [[Naajeeriya]] sosde Banki lesdi [[Naajeeriya]], ngomnati woylaare lesdi [[Naajeeriya]] darni banki woylaare. ACB ina waɗi nafoore e feeñde e fedde njulaagu mawnde to Fuɗnaange gila e kitaale 1950. Banki oo kadi waɗii geɗe keewɗe e ƴellitaare gonnooɗo Biafrannaaɓe e darnugol hareeji e hitaande 1970. O sosi porogaraam jaŋde baawɗo rokkude leydi [[Naajeeriya]] wontude leydi ɓurndi yaajde e yeeyde jaŋde caggal leydi e nder [[Afrik]].

Azikiwe sosi fedde ƴellitaare fuɗnaange [[Naajeeriya]], nde waɗii darnde mawnde e mahngo duɗal jaaɓi-haaɗtirde [[Naajeeriya]] to [[Nsukka]], duɗal jaaɓi-haaɗtirde gadanal e nder leydi ndi, ngal timmungal, e hitaande 1960. Duɗal jaaɓi-haaɗtirde [[Naajeeriya]] sosaa ko ñalnde 18 [[lewru]] Mbooy hitaande 1955, caggal nde sariya ngam sosde duɗal jaaɓi-haaɗtirde ngal e les njiimaandi Inter- Council Jaŋde e caggal leydi e njuɓɓudi gollondiral hakkunde leyɗeele (jooni USAID), J.W. Cook (VC mo Duɗal Jaaɓihaaɗtirde Exeter), Dr John A. Hannah (Hooreejo Duɗal Jaaɓihaaɗtirde Michigan State), e Dr Glen L. Taggart, Deenoowo Porogaraamuuji hakkunde leyɗeele (MSU), ngarii e leydi Nijeer e hitaande 1958. Goomu nguu ƴeewtindiima nokku oo to [[Nsukka]], e wiɗtude no feewi geɗe keewɗe ceertuɗe jowitiiɗe e sosde duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde kesal.
[[File:Nnamdi Azikiwe with P. L. Prattis, Earl Hord, Beverly Carter, and Bill Nunn Sr. seated on right, in Press Club, Pittsbu.jpg|thumb|Nnamdi Azikiwe e P. L. Prattis, Earl Hord, Beverli Karter, e Bill Nunn mawɗo ina njooɗii bannge ñaamo, e nder suudu jaayndeeji, to Pittsbu]]
Hayre nden waɗaama wakkati juulde jeytaare lesdi [[Naajeeriya]], nde laamiiɗo debbo Alexandra mo Kent, laamiiɗo debbo [[Elizabeth II]], wadi ɗum. Kalaasuuji puɗɗii ko ñalnde 17 oktoobar 1960 e binnditagol 220 almuudo e 13 tergal gollordu jaŋde. Nde laati Jaami'aare arandeere nder [[Naajeeriya]], jaami'aare arandeere nde laamu lesdi [[Naajeeriya]] sosi, nden nder hitaande 1963, jaami'aare arandeere hokkata dipolomaaji lesdi [[Naajeeriya]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.unn.edu.ng/mission-vision-statement/|title=About Us|website=University Of Nigeria Nsukka}}&lt;/ref&gt;

E hitaande 1957, Azikiwe haaliino e nulaaɓe Angalteer e [[Naajeeriya]] e nder batu Lancaster House e hitaande 1957, ɗo doosɗe fedde nde ngam [[Naajeeriya]] jeytaare mum feewnaa. Joɗnde nde ko gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi Biritaan ardii, waɗii won e nulaaɓe leydi [[Naajeeriya|Najeriya]]. Ardii dental ngal ko [[Abubakar Tafawa Balewa]] mo kawtal yimɓe woylaare, Obafemi Awolowo mo fedde ''Action'', Eyo Ita mo lannda ngenndiijo jeytaare e Ahmadu Bello mo kawtal yimɓe woylaare.

Ñalnde 3 feebariyee 1959, Azikiwe jaɓɓiima Kwame Nkrumah (gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi [[Gana]] keso toɗɗaaɗo) njillu to fuɗnaange leydi Nijeer. O yilli suudu joonde diiwaan fuɗnaange e wondude e wondiiɓe makko, Hon. Jaagorgal ko feewti e geɗe caggal leydi, hono Kodjo Botsio e wasiyaaji ko feewti e geɗe Afrik, hono George Padmore. Nnamdi Azikiwe huutoriima ñalngu nguu, to suudu sarɗiiji fuɗnaange, ngam waɗde konngol teddinoowo gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi ndi hono Nkrumah, o siftini no Kwame dartiniri golle [[Afrik]].
[[File:Ahmadu Bello with Nnamdi Azikiwe.png|thumb|Ahmadu Bello e Nnamdi Azikiwe.]]
Ñalnde 1 oktoobar 1959, Azikiwe lomtii Michael Okpara, gardiiɗo diiwaan fuɗnaange. Ñalnde 28 oktoobar 1959, guwerneer seneraal Robertson habrii fusde suudu sarɗiiji leydi ndii, tawi ina waɗi 184 tergal, tuggi 1 noowammbar 1959, mbele woote jeytaare ina mbaɗee.

Ñalnde 12 desaambar 1959, woote parlemaa mbaɗaama to Nijeer ngam ƴamde 312 jooɗorde e nder suudu sarɗiiji. Diɗɗal lesdi [[Naajeeriya]] e [[Kamerun]] (NCNC) ngal Azikiwe woni arandeere nden heɓi 2,594,577 woote e 89 jooɗorde.

Fedde Awolowo (AG), woni 2ɓo e 1 992, 364 woote e 75 jooɗorde. Kongres yimɓe woylaare lesdi Tafawa Balewa (NPC) woni 3ɓo e 1 922 179 e 148 e nder 312 jooɗorde nder suudu sarɗiiji.

Lanndaaji tati mawɗi ɗi e nder woote ɗee mbaawaano heɓde jooɗorɗe keewɗe ngam sosde laamu. Guverneur général Robertson noddi Tafawa Balewa yo o dañ laamu ngu. Ñalnde 16 desaambar, [[Ahmadu Bello]] e Tafawa Balewa etinooma yettaade nanondiral ngam waawde jogaade laamu nguu hakkunde NPC e NCNC. ''Governor General'' humpitaama e kawral ngal, ko ɗum waɗi o jaɓi kabine sappo e jeegom mo Balewa suɓii.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/41853826|jstor=41853826|title=Federal Elections in Nigeria, 1959|last1=Awa|first1=E. O.|journal=The Indian Journal of Political Science|date=12 April 1960|volume=21|issue=2|pages=101–113}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Burns|first=Alan|date=January 1, 1964|title=The Nigerian Federal Election of 1959|url=https://academic.oup.com/afraf/article-abstract/63/250/80/31923|access-date=2024-08-18|journal=African Affairs|volume=63|issue=250|pages=80–81|doi=10.1093/oxfordjournals.afraf.a095185|url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[File:Flag of Nigeria (1952–1960).svg|thumb|Banndiraawo lesdi lesdi Naajeeriya (1914-1960)]]
[[File:Flag of Nigeria.svg|thumb|Banndiraawo kesum lesdi Naajeeriya, mo Michael Akinwunmi waɗi (1960)]]

== Ndimaagu leydi Naajeeriya ==
Ñalnde 29 lewru juko hitaande 1960, parlemaa leydi Biritaan ƴetti kuulal jeytaare leydi [[Naajeeriya|Najeriya]], hitaande 1960, ngal hokki ndimaagu leydi [[Naajeeriya|Najeriya]]. Jamma 30 suwee 1960, laana ndiwoowa ''British Union Jack'' jippinaa e kewu mawningol, tawi tedduɓe tawtoraama. Ñalnde 3 oktoobar 1960, laamɗo debbo biyeteeɗo Alexandra lomtotooɗo laamɗo debbo oo, udditi Parlemaa gadano leydi ndii. Doosgal kesal, sosngal njuɓɓudi fedde nde gardiiɗo jaagorɗe cuɓaaɗo e hooreejo leydi kewu sosaa. Laamu kawtal NCNC e NPC woni laamu nde [[Naajeeriya]] heɓi ndimu mum e hitaande 1960, ''Sir'' [[Tafawa Balewa]] woni hooreejo leydi ndi, Dr. Nnamdi Azikiwe woni hooreejo Senaa.

Ɓooytaani, Azikiwe lomtii Sir James Robertson, wonti Guwerneer Seneraal gadano e nder leydi ndii. Kono e nder doosɗe leydi [[Naajeeriya|Najeriya]], guwerneer jeneral ko hooreejo leydi tan. Darnde Guwerneer-General e terɗe Diisnondiral Laamɗo debbo, mbaɗti Azikiwe dow politik lannda. Kabinee hooreejo lesdi [[Naajeeriya]] arandeere Tafawa Balewa hawti bee; M Johnson, Bukar Dipcharima, Ayo Rosiji, Aja Wachukwu, Kolawole Balogun, e Victor Mukete (Kamerun), Samuel Akintola, Raymond Njoku, Alhaji Ribadu, Kingsley O. Mbadiwe, Festus Okotie-Eboh, e Allaji Inua Wada.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.britishpathe.com/asset/209288/|title=NIGERIA: PRIME MINISTER SIR ABUBAKAR TAFAWA BALEWA AND OTHER CABINET MINISTERS SWORN-IN BY PRESIDENT AZIKIWE|website=British Pathé}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://uca.edu/politicalscience/home/research-projects/dadm-project/sub-saharan-africa-region/nigeria-1960-present/|title=33. Nigeria (1960-present)|website=uca.edu}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Sir Tafawa Balewa waɗii konngol mum to nokku biyeteeɗo ''Race Course'' (hannde ko nokku Tafawa Balewa) to [[Lagos]] e nder ñalɗi jeytaare leydi ndii. E nder konngol makko o wiyi, &quot;Kewu hannde oo ko ñalngu nguu, ko ñalngu nguu fuɗɗii duuɓi sappo e joyi jooni, ngu yettiima ɗo haaɗi. Ko e manngu laaɓtungu, min mbiyata ko keɓgol Jeytaare men ngol alaa ko nanndi e mum e nder annals daartol. Kala taƴre men nde ina waɗi planfuncelly e dow doosgal men e kaaldigal udditiingal, wonaa tan hakkunde wakili’en denndaangal nafooje ceertuɗe e nder leydi [[Naajeeriya|Najeriya]] kono ko e ballondiral e laamu njuɓɓudi ndi hannde woppi laamu mum.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.blackpast.org/global-african-history/1960-sir-abubakar-tafawa-balewa-independence-day/|title=(1960) Sir Abubakar Tafawa Balewa, &quot;Independence Day&quot; •|date=20 August 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Gomnajo lesdi Naajeeriya ==
Nde ngon-mi suka mi yi’i gite: gite [[Naajeeriya]] wonta leydi mawndi e nder duunde [[Afrik]] ummotoonde; ''visions of Nigeria'' hokkata ndimu haa ɓe nder maccungaaku, e heɓugo laawol demokaraasi ngam ɓe ɗonno lulla nder ''illusion of security'' les laamu koloñaal..Miɗo hooli mi hoyɗan koyɗi am nder jam e ɓeydaari cemmbiɗinki yimɓe leydi am [[Naajeeriya]]. Motto fedde jeytaare leydi [[Naajeeriya]] woni Kawtal e Nuɗɗinki. Miɗo ñaagii nde ndeenten ngootaagu men, ndeentoo goonɗinal ''men''.

— Nnamdi Azikiwe (duuɓi 1960, Londres)

Azikiwe ko gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi Angalteer, hono Harold Macmillan, wasiyii mo yo lomto ''Sir'' [[James Robertson]], e nder njillu makko to [[Lagos]] e fuɗɗoode hitaande 1960. Joɗnde Guwerneer-Jeneral fedde nde e nder haala tiitoonde, waɗi mo wakiliijo laamɗo leydi Angalteer to leydi Nijeer. Udditgol Azikiwe e lewru noowammbar 1960, seedtiima yoga e gollodiiɓe makko e nder Atlantik ɓaleejo, won heen ko [[Martin Luther King Jr]]. Du Bois, Sirli Graham Du Bois, Ami Jak Garvey, e Joorji S. Suyler.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|url=https://dx.doi.org/10.14321/jwestafrihist.7.1.0001|doi=10.14321/jwestafrihist.7.1.0001|title=A Gilded Cage? Nnamdi Azikiwes Pan-Africanism as Governor-General of Nigeria, 1960–63|date=2021|last1=Reeves|first1=Mark|journal=Journal of West African History|volume=7|pages=1–26|s2cid=242294844|url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt;Martin Luther King Jr. hollitii wonde hareeji ndimaagu e nder leydi Nijeer e nder leyɗeele [[Afrik]] goɗɗe ina njogii batte keewɗe e dille jojjanɗe aadee [[Amerik]], o siftini wonde Azikiwe e ardiiɓe [[Afrik]] woɗɓe ko &quot;jaambaarooji ɓurɗi lollude e ko ɓuri heewde e duɗe jaaɓi haaɗtirde ''Negro'' en aduna o.&quot;

Haa timminorde haala maako, Zik wi'i, &quot;min, ɓe mbaawata siftoreede no haanirta nii, min mbaɗi [[Naajeeriya]] hannde, ɓe ngaddi ndimu nder leydi men, ɓe ndewi kawtal men bana lenyol&quot;, ko &quot;taariiha hokki yam geɓe mawɗe ngam mi heɓa batte duumotooɗe e ngam wadduki haaje yimɓe men.&quot; O wiyi kadi &quot;mi jogaaki miijo e wellitaare am walla hay kisal walla hay nguurndam e hoore mum, so tawii ko ɗeen ngoni coggu ngu pot-mi yoɓde ngam ardaade ngam hisnude ndimaagu e ngootaagu leydi am.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Azikiwe, Nnamdi. Respect for human dignity: an inaugural address by His Excellency Dr. Nnamdi Azikiwe, P.C. Governor-General nd Commander-in Chief, Federation of Nigeria 16 November, 1960. Onitsha : Chike Mbadugha, 1960.|url=https://collections.libraries.indiana.edu/africancollections/items/show/8901|access-date=2023-12-13|website=collections.libraries.indiana.edu}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Azikiwe tawtoraama batu diiwaan [[Afrik]] gadano Fedde Adunaare Golle (OIT), ngu yuɓɓinaa to [[Lagos]], leydi Nijeer e [[lewru]] Duujal 1960. Tawtoraama heen: Mr. Johnson, jaagorgal golle leydi Nijeer e hooreejo batu nguu, Mr. Demby, jaagorgal golle leydi Siyeraa Leyoon, e David Director A-G19,[ ILO.19].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=PowerPoint Presentation|url=https://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---africa/---ro-abidjan/---ilo-abuja/documents/publication/wcms_701393.pdf|access-date=August 18, 2024|website=www.ilo.org}}&lt;/ref&gt; E lewru desaambar 1961 Fedde [[Amerik|Ameriknaare]] Pinal [[Afrik]] (AMSAC) yuɓɓinii ñalngu mawngu e nder wuro [[Lagos]], to leydi Nijeer. Yimɓe Ameriknaaɓe mawɓe ko wayi no Nina Simone, Langston Hughes, e Lionel Hampton njahii e yahdu AMSAC timmundu ngam semmbinde jokkondiral hakkunde [[Afrik|Afriknaaɓe]] e [[Amerik|Ameriknaaɓe]]/[[Afrik|Afriknaaɓe]]. Ɓe njaɓɓaama e Azikiwe to [[Lagos]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/14794012.2018.1423601|doi=10.1080/14794012.2018.1423601|title=Performances in the theatre of the Cold War: The American Society of African Culture and the 1961 Lagos Festival|date=2018|last1=Geerlings|first1=Lonneke|journal=Journal of Transatlantic Studies|volume=16|pages=1–19}}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[File:Dr. John A. Hannah, Dr. Nnamdi Azikiwe and Dr. George Johnson on the campus of the University of Nigeria, Nsukka.jpg|thumb|Azikiwe e Doktoor John A. Hannah (naamo) e Doktoor George Johnson (nyaamo) to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde leydi Nijeer, hitaande 1961]]
Ñalnde 17 noowammbar 1961, e nder konngol makko to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde [[Naajeeriya|Najeriya]] to [[Nsukka]], Zik hollitii eɓɓaande mum ngam [[Naajeeriya|Najeriya]] ƴettude doosgal leydi republique tawa ina heddii e tergal ''Commonwealth''. E hitaande 1962, Azikiwe eeriima ardiiɓe [[Afrik]] e nder batu [[Lagos]], yo cos fedde dowlaaji [[Afrik]]. Koolol [[Lagos]] ngol winnditii sarɗiiji eɓɓaaɗi ngam &quot;Fedde hakkunde [[Afrik]] e Malagasi&quot; e gardagol Azikiwe. Caggal ɗuum, nde jaɓaa e lewru mee 1963 e Fedde Ngootaagu Afrik.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://kinginstitute.stanford.edu/azikiwe-nnamdi|title=Azikiwe, Nnamdi &amp;#124; The Martin Luther King Jr. Research and Education Institute|website=kinginstitute.stanford.edu}}&lt;/ref&gt;

E hitaande 1963, Azikiwe yamiri gollorde gadane nde Guinness mahi caggal leydi Irlannda e Angalteer to [[Lagos]]
[[File:Seal of the President of Nigeria.svg|thumb|Siile hooreejo leydi Naajeeriya]]
[[File:Azikiwe swearing Balewa as prime minister, 1960.jpg|thumb|Hooreejo leydi Azikiwe ina waɗa hunnde gardiiɗo jaagorɗe e jaagorɗe kabine, hitaande 1964]]

== Hooreejo leydi (1963-1966) ==
Leydi [[Naajeeriya]] sosaa ko ñalnde 1 oktoobar 1963, [[Abubakar Tafawa balewa|Abubakar Tafawa Balewa]] woni gardiiɗo jaagorɗe (hooreejo laamu) e Benjamin Nnamdi Azikiwe woni hooreejo (hooreejo leydi) e hooreejo konu. Gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi ndi hono Tafawa Balewa hollitii waylude doosgal leydi ndi 1960 ngam waylude Azikiwe e wonde Guwerneer Jeneral, e waylude tiitoonde makko e wonde hooreejo leydi kewu. Balewa hollitii wonde Azikiwe ina foti innireede hooreejo leydi e nder doosɗe leydi 1963 sabu leydi [[Naajeeriya]] meeɗaani yoɓde Dr. Ko zuum wazi, kuulal 157 doosgal leydi [[Naajeeriya|Najeriya]] 1963, tiitoonde mum ko Nnamdi Azikiwe ngam wonde hooreejo leydi, ina winndaa heen &quot;Nnamdi Azikiwe ina foti wonde hooreejo leydi e ñalngu ngu doosgal leydi ndi fuzzii.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://kinginstitute.stanford.edu/king-papers/documents/nnamdi-azikiwe|title=From Nnamdi Azikiwe &amp;#124; The Martin Luther King Jr. Research and Education Institute|website=kinginstitute.stanford.edu}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;''Nigeria's Forgotten Heroes: Nnamdi Azikiwe – &quot;Father of the Nation&quot;'' (Part 2).&lt;/ref&gt;

Ñalnde 30 lewru Duujal hitaande 1964, wooteeji feddeeji gadani e nder leydi Nijeer gila nde heɓi jeytaare mum. Woote ɗee njoofiima jonte keewɗe sabu luural hakkunde limoore inɗe gonɗe e doggol wooteeji ɗii e doggol binnditagol ngol. Lebbi jeegom caggal wooteeji ɗii, fotde 2 000 neɗɗo maayi e fitinaaji baɗnooɗi e nder diiwaan hirnaange.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|url=https://searchworks.stanford.edu/view/3510208|title=1964 federal election crisis-: An analysis|date=13 April 1965|publisher=Etudo}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== 1964 kiris e kuudetaa ===
''Nigerian Daily Express'' wi'i nyande 3 mars 1964, &quot;Haa heɓugo ndimu lesdi [[Naajeeriya]] nder hitaande 1960, eɓɓoore amin arandeere ngam anndugo ɗuuɗal yimɓe lesdi [[Naajeeriya]] laati kuugal limngal yimɓe lesdi [[Naajeeriya]] nder hitaande 1962. Hooreejo komitiiru limngal lesdi [[Naajeeriya]] wakkati man woni J. J. Warren. Njeñtudi limngal yimɓe lesdi [[Naajeeriya]] ko ɓuri miliyon ha Gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi ndii, [[Abubakar Tafawa balewa|Abubakar Tafawa Balewa]] salii njeñtudi ndi o woppi Mr. Warren, o yamiri yo o riiwtu e hitaande 1963.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Ojo|first=Emmanuel Oladipo|date=10 February 2012|title=Leadership Crisis and Political Instability in Nigeria, 1964-1966: The Personalities, the Parties and the Policies|url=https://nairametrics.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/03/LEADERSHIP-CRISIS-AND-POLITICAL-INSTABILITY-IN-NIG.pdf|access-date=18 August 2024|website=Naira Metrics}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Samuel-2012&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.academia.edu/2104947|title=Leadership Crisis and Political Instability in Nigeria, 1964-1966: The Personalities, the Parties and the Policies|date=January 2012|last1=Samuel|first1=Babatope}}&lt;/ref&gt; Caggal nde o waɗi manipulaasiyoŋ, njeñtudi binnditagol ngol hollitii wonde Fuɗnaange ina les limtaa e miliyoŋaaji 8,5 e nder hitaande 1962 gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi ndii ɓeydii dow limoore ndee haa 65,66 miliyoŋ woote fedde ndee e lewru desaambar 1964 ngaddi caɗeele mawɗe, ruppitii laamu kawral NPC e NCNC. Wooteeji ɗii mbaɗii boykotuuji keewɗi, njulaagu, hulɓinaare, njulaagu e fitinaaji ɗi Azikiwe waɗi haa o salii noddude gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi ndii hono Balewa ngam sosde laamu kesu. Balɗe seeɗa, jokkere enɗam apokaliptik ina jokki e dow leydi ndii haa nde Azikiwe ƴetti konngol e dow doosɗe leydi ndii.&lt;ref name=&quot;Samuel-20122&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.academia.edu/2104947|title=Leadership Crisis and Political Instability in Nigeria, 1964-1966: The Personalities, the Parties and the Policies|date=January 2012|last1=Samuel|first1=Babatope}}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[File:Mrs. Flora Azikiwe (First Lady Federal Republic of Nigeria 1960 - 1966).jpg|thumb|Mrs Flora Azikiwe (Laamɗo leydi Naajeeriya 1960 - 1966)]]

== Nguurndam neɗɗo ==
Azikiwe resi debbo mum gadano biyeteeɗo Flora Azikiwe ñalnde 4 abriil 1936 to Akra, to Cote d’Or nde o woni gardiiɗo jaaynde [[Afrik]] subaka. Ɓe ndañi ɓiɓɓe nayo, ɓiɗɗo debbo gooto e ɓiɓɓe worɓe tato.

E hitaande 1973 Azikiwe resi debbo mum ɗiɗaɓo Uche Azikiwe nde o yahrata e duuɓi 26. Ɓe ndañi ɓiɓɓe ɗiɗo.
[[File:Gen. Yakubu Gowon GCFR.jpg|thumb|'''Gen.'''Yakubu Gowon]]

== Posto hooreejo leydi e duuɓi cakkitiiɗi ==
[[File:Major Gen. J.T.U. Aguiyi Ironsi.jpg|thumb]]
Laamu leydi [[Naajeeriya|Najeriya]] momti diiwanuuji feddeeji nay ɗii ñalnde 24 lewru mbooy hitaande 1966. Won e leƴƴi fuɗnaange fotde 115 neɗɗo mbaraama e nder fitinaaji politik ñalnde 28 lewru mbooy-2 lewru juko hitaande 1966 ñalnde 29 sulyee 1966. Fotde 30 neɗɗo mbaraama e hareeji politik to Lagos ñalnde 29 sulyee-1 ut 1966, fotde 250 000 leñol fuɗnaange ndogi ummoraade e diiwaan Fuɗnaange fayde e diiwaan fuɗnaange caggal kuudetaa konu. Lietnaa Kolonel [[Yakubu Gowon]] huniima wonde hooreejo laamu konu fedde nde caggal kuudetaa konu, o artiri diiwanuuji fedde ndee nay ñalnde 31 ut 1966. Fotde 2 000 leñol Igbos mbaraama e nder fitinaaji politik e nder diiwaan Fuɗnaange to4ctober L69 [[Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu]], guwerneer konu diiwal fuɗnaange leydi Naajeeriya, anndinii dow diiwal ngal natti jaɓugo Gowon bana hooreejo laamu konu lesdi [[Naajeeriya]] nyande 2 mars 1967. Lietnaa Kolonel Gowon hoosi bawɗe timmuɗe bana komandaajo mawdo laamu e hooreejo laamu militaari7 ngam ardungal 1967. Gowon anndini laamu nguu ñalnde 28 lewru Mbooy hitaande 1967. Ojukwu bayyini jeytaare leydi Biafra to fuɗnaange leydi Nijeer ñalnde 30 lewru Mbooy hitaande 1967 caggal nde laamu fedde ndee teddinaani nanondiral Aburi.&lt;ref name=&quot;Jimoh-2021&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|last=Jimoh|first=Dauda Ishola|date=July 2021|title=The Action Group Crisis, 1962-1966, Implications for the First Republic|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/353283996|access-date=August 18, 2024|website=Researchgate}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=&quot;Jimoh-20212&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|last=Jimoh|first=Dauda Ishola|date=July 2021|title=The Action Group Crisis, 1962-1966, Implications for the First Republic|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/353283996|access-date=August 18, 2024|website=Researchgate}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/40199517|jstor=40199517|title=Brinkmanship in Nigeria: The Federal Elections of 1964-65|last1=Anglin|first1=Douglas G.|journal=International Journal|date=2 April 1965|volume=20|issue=2|pages=173–188}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=download|url=https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/6598525.pdf|website=core.ac.uk}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Omotola&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|last=Omotola|first=Balogun|date=2017-12-11|title=Biography of Dr. Benjamin Nnamdi Azikiwe|url=https://diamondboatconsult.wordpress.com/2017/12/11/biography-of-dr-benjamin-nnamdi-azikiwe/|access-date=2020-05-30|website=Diamond Boat Consult|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Times2&quot;&gt;{{cite news |date=14 May 1996|title=Nnamdi Azikiwe, the First President of Nigeria, Dies at 91|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1996/05/14/world/nnamdi-azikiwe-the-first-president-of-nigeria-dies-at-91.html|access-date=8 November 2018|last1=French|first1=Howard W.|work=[[The New York Times]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

Azikiwe e fuɗɗoode ina wallitnoo Biafra e anndinde ɗum e nder winndere ndee. O huutoriima doole makko politik ngam ardaade delegaasiyoŋ Biafra caggal leydi ngam jaɓde dowla jeytaare. E hitaande 1968, nde o yiyi batte hare ndee, o ñaagii Ojukwu nde o joofnata kaaldigal e Gowon, tawi o dañaani heen nafoore. Azikiwe woɗɗitii politik caggal wolde. O woniino hooreejo duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde [[Lagos]] tuggi 1972 haa 1976. Jokkugol laamu konu e rokkude laamu laamu demokaraasi e hitaande 1979 rokki Azikiwe fartaŋŋe wartaade politik. O naati nder lanyol yimɓe lesdi [[Naajeeriya]] nder hitaande 1978, o waɗi ɗaɓɓaande ardiiɗo leydi [[Naajeeriya]] nde o heɓi nasaraaku nder hitaande 1979 e hitaande 1983. O acci siyaasaaku haa abada ɓaawo kuudetaa konu nder hitaande 1983 nde [[Muhammadu Buhari]] ardii

=== Duuɓi cakkitiiɗi ===
Fitinaaji meeɗaay wonde kuutorgal ngal min kuutortoo, minen sosɓe leydi [[Naajeeriya|Najeriya]], ngam safrude caɗeele politik. E nder aadaaji Angalteer, min kaaldii e Biro Koloñaal ngam jaɓde caɗeele amen ngam ŋakkeende e moƴƴere haala amen ngam laamu hoore mum. Caggal batuuji jeegom doosɗe leydi e hitaande 1953, 1954, 1957, 1958, 1959, e 1960, Angalteer rokkii en hakke ngam tabitinde jeytaare men politik gila 1 oktoobar 1960. Hay gooto e lanndaaji politik leydi [[Naajeeriya|Najeriya]] ɗi meeɗaani ƴettude jeytaare men politik e men happy violed to en meeɗaani jaɓde jeytaare men politik wonde hay toɓɓere ƴiiƴam Angalteer walla [[Naajeeriya|Najeriya]] rufaaka e nder hare men ngenndiire ngam nokku men e naange. Ndee ɗoo hujja daartol addani mi wiyde e yeeso yimɓe fof e nder leydi [[Naajeeriya|Najeriya]] wonde laamu nguu rokkii en laamu hoore mum e dow lowre kaŋŋe. Ko goonga, yonta am ina cemmbina mi, kono geɗe daartol ɗee ko ɗe njiyataa. Miɗo sikki ko ɓuri mettude ko ‘Sukaaɓe Turki’ men pellitii naatnude elemen mbayliigu bonngu e nder politik leydi [[Naajeeriya|Najeriya]]. No ɓe e renndo men fof mbaawirta ustude politikaaji tiiɗɗi, ma a taw nannguɗi, ko politik mo alaa hakkille. Mi jokki bee Seneraal [[Aguiyi-Ironsi]], Ofiisaajo Seneraal Ardiido sooja'en lesdi [[Naajeeriya]], mo mi faami, jooni o hoosi kuuɗe laamu lesdi [[Naajeeriya]]. Miɗo sakka golle am ngam kala udditgol jam ngam haɗde ƴiiƴam ɓeydaade, ngam weltinde ofiseeji muusɗi ɗii, e artirde sariya e deeƴre. So mi nanii haala makko tan, mi waɗa peeje ngam hootde galle. Ko fayti e am, miɗo jogori warde ardiiɓe men politik e konu ko musiiba ngenndiijo.

— Jaabawol hooreejo leydi Nnamdi Azikiwe e kuudetaa konu gadano, hitaande 1966.

Ñalnde 8 noowammbar 1989, jaayɗe ciifi e fenaande wonde Azikiwe maayii, sabu naamne jaayndiyanke BBC jowitiiɗe e ngonka makko. O artiri o wiyi &quot;mi yaawaani yaltude oo aduna, sabu ko kañum tan woni tagofeere nde nganndu-mi.&quot; E hitaande 1991, Azikiwe yahiino e udditgol nokku Nnamdi Azikiwe to [[Zungeru]], nokku ɗo o jibinaa ɗoo, e juuɗe hooreejo leydi [[Ibraahiima Babangida]]. E nder ndunngu 1995, o rokki yeewtere to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Lincoln, Pennsylvania e gardiiɗo jokkondiral hakkunde yimɓe duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde ngal.

Azikiwe maayi haa ñalnde 11 lewru Mbooy hitaande 1996, to opitaal janngirde to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde [[Naajeeriya]] to [[Enugu]] caggal nde o rafi ko juuti. O yahrata ko e duuɓi 91. Azikiwe rokkaama wirwirnde dowla e laamu [[Sani Abacha]], caggal fotde jonte ɗiɗi kewuuji ngenndiiji. Ɓanndu makko nawaama e gure keewɗe teeŋtuɗe e nder leydi ndi ngam sunaare e teddungal. O wirnaa e wuro makko [[Onitsha]] ñalnde 16 noowammbar 1996, ñalnde wonnde ñalngu ngu o heɓi duuɓi 92. E maayde Azikiwe, jaaynde wiyeteende New York ''Times'' teskiima,

&quot;O toowii dow geɗe ngenndi ɓurndi heewde yimɓe e nder [[Afrik]], o heɓi darnde jaambaaro ngenndiijo goonga, garɗo teddineede e nder diiwaanuuji e leƴƴi ceertuɗi leydi makko.&quot;

E hitaande 2019, laamu hooreejo leydi [[Muhammadu Buhari]] ƴettii golle timminde suudu ndu Dr Nnamdi Azikiwe, ndu anndinaama ndu nokkuure nden.

== Innde e ndonu daartol ==
E nder teeminannde 19ɓiire, ƴaañgal [[Afrik]] seediima laamuuji Orop ina peccii [[Afrik]], ina kuutoroo jawdi aadee e tago. Ƴellitaare miijo politik [[Afrik]] feeñi ko e anniya yiylaade eɓɓoore miijo jaɓgol hoore mum e ngenndiyaŋkaagal pinal cemmbinngal. Ina jeyaa e daraniiɓe ''Pan'' [[Afrik]], Nnamdi Azikiwe, Pilot ndimaagu leydi Nijeer. Nokku Azikiwe nder cosmology [[Naajeeriya]] ɗon yaaji haa darnde maako nde o jogi. O rokki ngenndiyaŋkaagal e hare jeytaare maanaa keso. Zik, e oon sahaa to duɗal Hope Waddel, ina anndi miijooji Marcus Garvey ko fayti e ''Pan''-[[Afrik]], teeŋtinoowo doole [[Afrik|Afriknaaɓe]], e rimɗinde [[Afrik]] e juuɗe Afriknaaɓe. Ɗum addani Zik naamnaade laawɗingol koloñaal e nder [[Afrik]], tee ina jeyaa e ko Garvey wiyi ngam rimɗinde Afrik e laamuuji koloñaal. E wakkati nde [[Naajeeriya]] woni haa jooni mooɓre diiwalji feere-feere, anndalji e dente nokkuuje, Zik fuɗɗi ƴamɗe ngam heɓugo ndimu [[Naajeeriya]] e ngam sosde senngooji ɗi ngalaa lenyol, ɗi ngalaa leƴƴi ngam yidde lesdi [[Naajeeriya]] e yidde lesdi maɓɓe.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1996/05/14/world/nnamdi-azikiwe-the-first-president-of-nigeria-dies-at-91.html|title=Nnamdi Azikiwe, the First President of Nigeria, Dies at 91|work=The New York Times|date=14 May 1996|last1=French|first1=Howard W.}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=c5wuAQAAIAAJ&amp;q=azikiwe+legacy|title=Nnamdi Azikiwe: The Philosopher of Our Time|isbn=978-978-156-001-9|last1=Igwe|first1=Agbafor|year=1992|publisher=Fourth Dimension Publishing Company}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Azikiwe yahiino to [[Amerik]] ɗo o janngi e jannginde e nder duɗe jaaɓi haaɗtirde ceertuɗe to Fuɗnaange, o yi’i weeyo ngo njiyaagu e ƴellitaare `Negro' radikal. O heɓi kadi ballal e hooreejo leydi [[Amerik]] e teeminannde 19ɓiire, hono James A Garfield, e dow huɗo ngam weltinde njiimaandi politik. Nde o arti e [[Afrik]] worgo, ko ɓuri teeŋtude e ngoƴa makko, ko ɗum waɗi, wonaa hare leydi, ngenndiyaŋkoore, kono ko hare winndereyankoore, winndereyankoore ngam leñol ɓaleejo. Ko o gardiiɗo jaaynde ''African Morning Post to Accra'', tuggi 1935 haa 1937, Azikiwe heɓi ɗoon e ɗoon innde sabu jaayndeyaagal makko toowngal `''American style''&lt;nowiki/&gt;' e ñiŋde cuusal makko e njuɓɓudi koloñaal, e ardiiɓe koloñaal kam e ardiiɓe [[Afrik]] nokkuuji ɗii. Semmbe makko ina yaaji e nder leyɗeele koloñaal Biritaan en fof, ko kanko woni doole guurɗe won e ardiiɓe [[Afrik]] hono Kwame Nkrumah, Julius Nyerere, Dauda Jawara, Kenneth Kaunda e Milton Obote e woɗɓe.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://sunnewsonline.com/national-shame-ziks-tomb-uncompleted-22-years-after/?amp|location=Lagos, Nigeria|title=National shame: Zik's tomb still uncompleted 22 years after|date=27 June 2018|newspaper=[[The Sun (Nigeria)|The Sun]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|date=30 October 2014|title=Victor Umeh weeps at Zik's Grave|url=http://sunnewsonline.com/new/?p=88534|location=Lagos, Nigeria|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150105231857/http://sunnewsonline.com/new/?p=88534|archive-date=5 January 2015|df=dmy-all|newspaper=[[The Sun (Nigeria)|The Sun]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Jaayndeyaagal Azikiwe kaɓanngal e ƴattooje ko kañum woni sabaabu ɓurɗo teeŋtude e darnde makko e doole makko, kadi ko kañum woni sabaabu ɓurɗo teeŋtude e ummital [[Naajeeriya]]. Azikiwe sosi fedde jaayndeyaagal wiyeteende Zik ''Group'', nde o sosi e nde o yuɓɓini ''Pilot West African'', nde o inniri « kaayitaaji ngenndiyaŋkooji ñaamooɓe yiite, doolnuɗi, ɓurɗi toowde ». E les njiimaandi Zik Group o wayli golle jaayɗe [[Afrik]] hirnaange, o hollitii wonde jaayndeyaagal e ɗemngal Engele ina waawi dañde nafoore, o yaajtini nafoore makko e jogaade ko ina tolnoo e jaayɗe 12 ñalnde kala, ɗe [[Afrik|Afriknaaɓe]] njiylotoo. ''Pilot'' [[Afrik]] hirnaange mawni no feewi gila e doggol adanngol ngol 6 000 ekkol ñalnde kala, haa e doggol ko ina ɓura 20 000 ekkol e tolno mum e kitaale 1950.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=a44PAQAAMAAJ&amp;q=azikiwe+legacy|title=The Legacies of Zik: A Tribute to the Rt. Hon. Dr. Nnamdi Azikiwe, First President of the Federal Republic of Nigeria and the Owelle-Osowa-Anya of Onithsa|year=1996|publisher=Nolix Educational Publishers|isbn=978-978-2754-60-8}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|url=https://worldlibraries.dom.edu/index.php/worldlib/article/view/199/154|title=Dr. Nnamdi Azikiwe, 1904-1966, First President of Nigeria: A Force in Library Development in Nigeria|journal=World Libraries|date=2 April 1997|volume=7|issue=2|last1=Aguolu|first1=C. C.|last2=Aguolu|first2=L. E.}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://gaana.com/song/the-life-legacy-of-dr-nnamdi-azikiwe-former-president-of-nigeria-with-michael-ukwuma|title=Listen to The Life &amp; Legacy Of Dr. Nnamdi Azikiwe, Former President of Nigeria with Michael Ukwuma from show Obehi Podcast: In-depth interviews – season – 1|work=gaana.com|access-date=31 March 2024|archive-date=31 March 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240331083759/https://gaana.com/song/the-life-legacy-of-dr-nnamdi-azikiwe-former-president-of-nigeria-with-michael-ukwuma|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;Kaayitaaji keertiiɗi ɗi Nnamdi Azikiwe, hooreejo leydi [[Naajeeriya]] arandeejo, ɗon mari haaje nder suudu defte maako haa Nsukka, [[Naajeeriya]]. Ina jeyaa e ɗeen binndanɗe keertiiɗe, eɓɓaande ciimtol makko, binndanɗe dowla ummoraade e gardagol makko, binndanɗe politik jowitiiɗe e Republique Biafra, kaɓirɗe ummoraade e kampaañ Azikiwe e hitaande 1979 e 1983, kam e defte e jaayɗe seeɗa ɗe keewaani. Jaaɓihaaɗtirde Vanderbilt, e ballal kaalis e porogaraam defte binndaaɗe e nder defterdu UCLA, waɗii ɗeen geɗe dijital ngam sosde mooɓondiral geɗe puɗɗaaɗe jowitiiɗe e jaŋde leydi [[Naajeeriya|Najeriya]] e leydi Biafra &lt;ref name=&quot;meap.library.ucla.edu&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Rescuing Zik's Library: Preserving the Nnamdi Azikiwe Papers {{!}} Modern Endangered Archives Program|url=https://meap.library.ucla.edu/projects/nnamdi-azikiwe-papers/|access-date=2025-07-30|website=meap.library.ucla.edu}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Ndee ɗoo deftere ina heɓoo e dijital rewrude e defterdu UCLA.&lt;ref name=&quot;MEAP Collection&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=MEAP Collection|url=https://digital.library.ucla.edu/catalog/ark:/21198/z1547ndq|access-date=2025-07-30|website=digital.library.ucla.edu}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Teddungal ===
Leydi Biritaan : Tergal e Diiso doosɗe leydi Biritaan, ñalnde 16 noowammbar 1960.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=University|first=Nnamdi Azikiwe|date=2021-11-16|title=Profile of Nnamdi Azikiwe|url=https://zikslectureseries.unizik.edu.ng/profile-of-nnamdi-azikiwe/|access-date=2023-11-16|website=Zik's Lecture Series|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Komanda mawɗo fedde nde (GCFR).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Baraje and the Title of CON|url=https://www.ilorin.info/fullnews.php?id=2456|access-date=2023-11-16|website=www.ilorin.info}}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[File:Azikiwe with Thurgood Marshall, Chester Bowles and Roy Williston Bornn at Howard University 1954 commencement.jpg|thumb|Azikiwe e Thurgood Marshall, Chester Bowles e Roy Williston Jibinaa ko heɓde seedantaagal mum teddungal e hitaande 1954 fuɗɗoode duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Howard]]

=== Degreeji teddungal ===
Azikiwe heɓi dipolomaaji teddungal 14 ummoraade e duɗe jaaɓi haaɗtirde [[Naajeeriya|Najeriya]], [[Amerik]] e [[Labiriyaa|Liberiya]], teeŋti noon :

Pennsylvanie 1946: Doktoor to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Lincoln

Virginia Hirnaange 1947: Doktoor ɓataakeeji to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Storer

Washington, D.C. 1950: Jaaɓi-haaɗtirde Howard heɓi Doktoraa mum to bannge sariya

Michigan 1959: Doktoor tedduɗo e sariya to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde leydi Michigan&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://research.msu.edu/msu-honorary-degree-recipients-alphabetical-list|title=MSU Honorary Degree Recipients: Alphabetical List &amp;#124; Office of Research and Innovation|website=research.msu.edu}}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[Naajeeriya]] 1961: Doktoor tedduɗo e ɓataakeeji (D.Litt.) to Duɗal Jaaɓihaaɗtirde [[Naajeeriya]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Honorary Graduates From 1961 to 1983|url=https://spgs.unn.edu.ng/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/HONORARY-GRADUATES-FROM-1961-TO-1983.pdf|access-date=August 18, 2024|website=spgs.unn.edu.ng}}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[Labiriyaa|Liberiya]] 1969 : Doktoraa mum to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde [[Labiriyaa|Liberiya]]

Pennsylvanie 1980 : Doktoor tedduɗo e ɓataakeeji aadee to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Pennsylvanie

Woɗɓe ina mbaɗi dipolomaaji ummoraade e duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde [[Ibadan]], duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde [[Lagos]], duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde [[Ahmadu Bello]], UNIZIK, e FUTO.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://zikism.tripod.com/Owelle.html|title=Zik of Africa|website=zikism.tripod.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[File:Dmgs roundabout onitsha and Azikiwe statue II.jpg|thumb|Azikiwe/DMGS gonɗo e laawol, [[Onitsha]]]]

=== Siftorde e monumndaaji ===
&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://ikengaonline.com/2022/12/03/gov-ugwuanyi-honours-zik-converts-premier-lodge-to-monuments-centre/|title=Gov Ugwuanyi honours Zik, converts premier lodge to monuments centre|date=3 December 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.lincoln.edu/azikiwe-nkrumah-hall|title=Azikiwe-Nkrumah Hall {{!}} Lincoln University|website=www.lincoln.edu|access-date=2018-06-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.informationng.com/2017/03/things-may-not-know-university-ibadan-number-one-will-shock.html|title=Things You May Not Know About University of Ibadan... Number One will Shock You|date=16 March 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://library.unn.edu.ng/|title=Home|website=Nnamdi Azikiwe Library}}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[File:Dr. Nnamdi Benjamin Azikiwe.jpg|thumb|Nnamdi Azikiwe, [[Onitsha]]]]

=== Kaalis e tammborɗe posto ===
Natal Azikiwe feeñii e kaalis ₦500 leydi [[Naajeeriya]] gila hitaande 2001. Natal makko ina tawee e limlebbi postooji ɗi ɓe peeñnini e hitaande 1964, gila ndeen kadi feeñii e limlebbi goɗɗi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.cbn.gov.ng/Currency/gallery/N500.asp|title=Welcome to the New Central Bank of Nigeria Website}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== E nder pinal leñol ===
Nguurndam Azikiwe gadana ko kanko winndi, yaltinaa e hitaande 1970, tiitoonde mum ko Odyssey am: nguurndam am.

Laamu leydi [[Naajeeriya]] sosi njeenaari Zik, njeenaari ardungal hitaande kala, e hitaande 1995, ngam teddinde Azikiwe.

E hitaande 2006, Ben Obi fuɗɗii yeewtere hitaandeere Zik ngam maayde golle moƴƴe e ndonu Azikiwe.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://zikslectureseries.unizik.edu.ng/benefactor/|title=Benefactor|website=Zik's Lecture Series}}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[File:Azikiwe-Nkrumah Hall - panoramio.jpg|thumb|Saal Azikiwe-Nkrumah, to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Lincoln]]
Filoosofi jaŋde Azikiwe hollitaama e nder filmo binndaaɗo to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde [[Naajeeriya]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.unn.edu.ng/unn-documentary-film/|title=UNN Documentary Film|date=22 June 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;

E hitaande 2023, Fedde Duke Shomolu yaltinii pijirlooji tuugiiɗi e nguurndam e jamaanu Azikiwe.

Duɗal jaaɓi-haaɗtirde Michigan State sosi ‘Fedde janngooɓe [[Afrik|Afriknaaɓe]] hakkunde leyɗeele Nnamdi Azikiwe’ e hitaande 2023, ngam wallitde janngooɓe [[Afrik|Afriknaaɓe]] hakkunde leyɗeele MSU to [[Afrik]] ngam wiɗtooji. Njeenaari ndii ko ngam teddinde Azikiwe mo gollodii e jannginooɓe MSU ngam mahde duɗal jaaɓi-haaɗtirde (Jaaɓi-haaɗtirde [[Naajeeriya]]) to Fuɗnaange [[Naajeeriya]].
[[File:Zik Historic Center Enugu.jpg|thumb|Yiyngo nder, Catal Zik, [[Enugu]]]]

=== Teddungal aadaaji ===
Azikiwe naatnaa e renndo Agbalanze [[Onitsha]] e innde '''Nnanyelugo''' e hitaande 1946, ko ɗum anndinde worɓe Onitsha jogiiɓe golle maantiniiɗe. E hitaande 1962, o wonti mawɗo leydi ɗiɗaɓo (Ndichie Okwa) hono '''Obi Oziziani'''.&lt;ref name=&quot;Omotola2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Omotola|first=Balogun|date=2017-12-11|title=Biography of Dr. Benjamin Nnamdi Azikiwe|url=https://diamondboatconsult.wordpress.com/2017/12/11/biography-of-dr-benjamin-nnamdi-azikiwe/|access-date=2020-05-30|website=Diamond Boat Consult|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mawɗo Azikiwe toɗɗaama bana '''Owelle-Osowa-Anya''' mo [[Onitsha]] nder hitaande 1972, ɗum waɗi mo ardiiɗo ronkaaku arandeejo (Ndichie Ume) nder caltal Igbo nder laamiiɗo lesdi [[Naajeeriya]].&lt;ref name=&quot;pulse.ng2&quot;&gt;{{Cite news |title=A brief walk into the life of Nigeria's first president|url=https://www.pulse.ng/news/local/nnamdi-azikiwe-a-brief-walk-into-the-life-of-nigerias-first-president/5e2yhtv|date=2017-09-20|newspaper=[[Pulse Nigeria]]|language=en-US|access-date=2020-05-30}}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[File:Zik Historic Center, Enugu.jpg|thumb|Yiyngo yaasi, Catal Zik, [[Enugu]]]]
[[File:NAIA Abuja Terminal Entrance.jpg|thumb|Nnamdi azikiwe laana ndiwoowa hakkunde leyɗeele [[Abuja]]]]
[[File:Nnamdi Azikiwe University main gate Awka.jpg|thumb|Duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Nnamdi Azikiwe Akwa]]

== Miijooji politik ==
Zikism; ko miijo politik ɓurngo lollude e Nnamdi Azikiwe, faandaare mum ko ustude hakkillaaji sukaaɓe [[Afrik|Afriknaaɓe]]. E sahaa nde dowlaaji [[Afrik]] ngonnoo e les njiimaandi Angalteer, Zik ƴetti filosof mum politik, hono miijo mbayliigu. Canons jowi Zikism woni &quot;Balans Ruuhu&quot;, &quot;''Regeneration'' Sociale&quot;, &quot;Determinism Faggudu&quot;, &quot;Emancipation Mentale&quot;, e &quot;Ummital Politik&quot;. E werlaade annoore ɓurnde laaɓtude e canons, Azikiwe teeŋtinii, &quot;Ko adii fof, mi ƴettii konngol ''balance'' spirituel ngam hollirde ndimaagu teskinngu e nder ɓernde, miijo e miijo... Ɗiɗaɓere, mi mahii ƴellitaare renndo ngam hollirde ndimaagu fedde e ndimaagu diisnondiral .. Tataɓol, mi ventured e nder faggudu taprocie so I goongɗini Mi lootii hono ngool ngonka nguurndam determinism faggudu, sabu miɗo gooŋɗini miijo Karl Marx e firo faggudu daartol e nder lewru e nder [[Afrik]] fof... Nayaɓol ngol, mi fellitii waɗde yah-ngartaa e nder fannuuji hakkille ... Ko ɗum waɗi mi ƴetti tesis wonde emancipaasiyoŋ hakkille ina haani wonande [[Afrik|Afriknaaɓe]] jannguɓe bonɓe. Joyaɓere ... alaa ko waawi sikkeede e Risorgimento politik [[Afrik|Afriknaajo]], nde tawnoo wellitaare ɗeen sarɗiiji ina ɗaɓɓi ndimaagu nguurndam, ndimaagu, e jokkude wellitaare.&quot;

Weltaare Neo; Azikiwe huutoriima pinal [[Afrik|Afriknaaɓe]] e faggudu [[Afrik|Afriknaaɓe]] ko adii koloñaal ngam ƴellitde miijo makko faggudu Neo-Welfarist, o wasiyii eklektisism e pragmatism ngam wonde tuugnorgal filosofi wonande neo-welfarism.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/371667097|title=A Philosophical Appraisal of Azikiwe's Neo-Welfarism Introduction|format=PDF}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Pragmatisme eklektik; Eklektik-pragmatism wonande Azikiwe ko feere ɓurnde moƴƴude ngam haɓaade haa teeŋti e goongaaji keewɗi fannuuji faggudu e politik. Ko feere etaade yuɓɓinde miijooji nannduɗi e luurondirɗi, wonaa e safrude luural, kono ko e suɓaade e hawrude e ko nafata e ko waawi huutoreede e kala heen ngam heɓde paandaale yiɗde. Nii woni, pragmatisme eklektik ina wayi no ko feere ɓurnde moƴƴude ngam haɓaade caɗeele Afrik e nder ƴeewndorɗe ceertuɗe e teskinɗe ɗe njiylotonoo ɗe.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/371667097|title=A Philosophical Appraisal of Azikiwe's Neo-Welfarism Introduction|format=PDF}}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[File:Independence Hall (Indy Hall) and Nnamdi Azikiwe Hall (Zik Hall) from topmost floor of Abdulsalami Abubakar Hall (AAH), University of Ibadan.jpg|thumb|Nnamdi Azikiwe Hall, Duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde [[Ibadan]]]]
[[File:Dr. Nnamdi Azikiwe.jpg|thumb|Nnamdi Azikiwe, dowla Imo]]
[[File:Azikiwe Postage Stamps.jpg|thumb|Azikiwe tonngoode hitaande 1964]]
[[File:Azikiwe 500 Naira note.jpg|thumb|Azikiwe on 500 naira note]]

=== Golle ===
Zik (1961)

Odiseeji am (1971)

Afrik keso (1973)

Liberiyaa e nder politik winndere (1931)

——— (hitaande 1966). Teemedere Ciimtol Ciimtol e Yimre Rt. Hon. Doktoor Nnamdi Azikiwe. Duɗal njuɓɓudi e karallaagal. &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 978-2736-09-0&lt;/nowiki&gt;.

Sifaa siyaasaaku ngam lesdi [[Naajeeriya]] (1943)

Faggudu leydi Naajeeriya (1943)

Zik: Cuɓagol konnguɗi Doktoor Nnamdi Azikiwe (1961)

Daartol warngo: Goonga walla fenaande? (1946)

Ko adii men ina woodi yanaande udditiinde (1947)

Jaango Pan-[[Afrik]] (1961)

Goongaaji ngootaagu Afrik (1965)

Iwdi wolde hakkunde leyɗeele Naajeeriya (1969)

Mi ɗon nuɗɗina Naajeeriya gooto (1969)

Eɓɓooje jam ngam joofnude wolde hakkunde leyɗeele [[Naajeeriya]] (1969)

Kaaldigal dow Laamorde Kesum ngam Naajeeriya (1974)

Taggol lesɗe ɗuuɗɗe nder [[Naajeeriya]], limngal siyaasaaku (1974)

Demokaraasi e jeertinaango konu (1974)

Reorientaasiyoŋ miijooji [[Najeriya]] : yeewtere ñalnde 9 lewru Duujal hitaande 1976, e ñalngu udditgol kaalis dokkal UNN (1976)

Hare men ngam Ndimaagu; Kiriis luumo [[Onitsha]] (1976)

Njaafoɗen Ɓiɓɓe Men. Eeraango feewde e ardiiɓe e yimɓe [[Onitsha]] e nder caɗeele luumo (1976)

Koolol jimɗi (1977)

Soliloquies wolde nder leydi: Ko ɓuri heewde e jimɗi (1977)

Teemedde e nder miijo renndo e politik [[Afrik]] (1978)

Gartirgol Demokaraasi [[Naajeeriya]] (1978)

Golle ɓennuɗe ɗe ngalaa nanndo: Jaabawol am e caɗeele mawɗo Awolowo (1979)

Haala ɓernde (1979)

——— (hitaande 1980). Miijo ngam [[Naajeeriya]]: Kapitaalisma, Sosiyaalisma walla Weltaare?. Makmilan leydi Nijeer. h. 196. &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 9789781325212&lt;/nowiki&gt;.

——— (hitaande 1983). Bonannde Hoolaare e NPN.

——— (hitaande 1983). Daartol Maa Ƴeewto Goongɗinɓe.

== Ƴeew kadi ==
Ngenndiyankaagal Afrik

Filoosofi Zikist

Njeenaari Zik

== Tuugnorgal ==
&lt;references /&gt;
[[Category:Naajeeriya]]</text>
      <sha1>j08b1eses6ike28z004b7x1cvypgjkp</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Chimaroke Nnamani</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>43486</id>
    <revision>
      <id>183484</id>
      <parentid>182401</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-20T13:44:20Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>6960</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260820sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]]</comment>
      <origin>183484</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="24870" sha1="ha0w7qqnwnd0vs5ypka112ss1vpjd8o" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}'''Chimaroke Nnamani''' (// C; jibinaa ko ñalnde 30 lewru Mbooy hitaande 1960) ko doktoor Naajeeriya, ko o dawriyanke, ummoriiɗo to diiwaan Enugu.

O suɓaama Gumnaajo lesdi Enugu nder suɓol guwerneer lesdi Enugu nder hitaande 1999 diga 1999 haa 2007. 

Baawo man o laatake Senator haa diiwal lesdi Enugu Fuunaange diga 2007 haa 2011 nden o suɓaama fahin nder hitaande 2019. Jaangirde Nnamani, hay so o jibinaama to Port Harcourt, o ummorii ko Agbani e nder diiwaan laamu leydi Nkanu to bannge worgo leydi Enugu.

O janngi duɗal leslesal Methodist, Enugu, e duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde (CIC), to Enugu kadi.

O wonii jaŋnginoowo to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde safaara, to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde leydi Najeriya (Enugu Campus).&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|date=11 February 2022|title=Ugwuanyi brought me back to political limelight after 15 years as governor, says Nnamani|url=https://guardian.ng/news/ugwuanyi-brought-me-back-to-political-limelight-after-15-years-as-governor-says-nnamani/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=30 September 2024|newspaper=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|last1=Blankson|first1=Isaac A.|last2=Murphy|first2=Patrick D.|title=Negotiating Democracy: Media Transformations in Emerging Democracies|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=h908-l5le-YC&amp;pg=PA140|year=2008|publisher=SUNY Press|isbn=9780791472347|page=140}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|date=21 February 2022|title=Zoning: Nnamani, Ekweremadu clash over 2023 Enugu governorship ticket|url=https://thenationonlineng.net/zoning-nnamani-ekweremadu-clash-over-2023-enugu-governorship-ticket/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=30 September 2024|newspaper=[[The Nation (Nigeria)|The Nation]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2019/02/25/ex-gov-nnamani-wins-enugu-east-senatorial-election/|title=Ex-Gov Nnamani wins Enugu East Senatorial Election|last1=Isiguzo|first1=Christopher|last2=Arinze|first2=Gideon|date=25 February 2019|access-date=30 September 2024|newspaper=[[This Day]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|date=24 December 2021|title=Nnamani urges reconciliation to foster national unity|url=https://guardian.ng/news/nnamani-urges-reconciliation-to-foster-national-unity/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|last=Nzor|first=Ernest|access-date=30 September 2024|newspaper=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

O heɓi jaŋde makko caggal duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde New York e to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde hakkunde diineeji/Down State Medical to Brooklyn New York (Obstetrik e Ginekoloji). Heblo makko caggal duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde safaara e wiɗtooji makko njokki to Duɗal Biyoloji Perinatal, to Duɗal Jaaɓi-haaɗtirde Loma Linda, to Loma Linda, to Kaliforni fuɗnaange ; Laboratuwaar Biyoloji Molekulaar e Sitoloji Tissu, Opitaal Njuɓɓudi Sosiyeteeji Jerry &quot;L&quot; Pettis, Loma Linda, Kaliforni ; Departemaa Jibinannde e Ginekoloji e Biyoloji Perinatal, Koldaa Cafrirɗe, Duɗal Jaaɓi-haaɗtirde Loma Linda (e nder safaara ɓiɗɗo yumma) ; e Duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde safaara, to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Florida worgo. Nafoore wiɗto Ganndal safaara kuuɓtodinngal : Fisiyoloji jokkondire gap, jokkondiral hakkunde ɓiɗɓe leɗɗe mo poroteyiin connexin moofti, sitoloji ƴiye, biyoloji molekulaaji e biyoloji hade jibineede.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://blerf.org/index.php/biography/nnamam-chimaroke/|title=Nnamani, Chimaroke – Biographical Legacy and Research|date=16 March 2017|publisher=Biographical Legacy and Research Foundation, Nigeria|access-date=22 June 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Nafoore safaara : jibingol ko yaawi, reedu ko yaawi e reedu ɓurndu heewde, ultrasound jibinannde, ƴeewndo ko adii jibineede e genetik. O waɗii binndanɗe wiɗtooji e bayyinaango teskinngo e nder jaayɗe ganndal mawɗe e batuuji (Nnamani et al, 1994, Biyoloji jibinannde, 50, 377-389). Feccere Biyoloji Perinatal (3), Departemaa Ginekoloji/Obstetrik (4), Departemaa Sukaaɓe (5), Departemaa Anatomi (6), Fisiyoloji e Farmakoloji (7), Duɗal Jaaɓihaaɗtirde Loma Linda to bannge safaara, Loma Linda, Kaliforni, 92354; Laboratuwaar Sitoloji Molekulaar (8), nokku cafrirɗo njuɓɓudi soldateeɓe, Loma Linda, Kaliforni. Kuugal nyawndiigu/janngirde: Ko adii o ɗon nasta nder siyaasaaku e kuugal laamu haa lesdi maako haa lesdi Naajeeriya, Dr. Nnamani laatino nyawndiigu haa lesdi Amerika: Duɗal nyawndiigu janngirde Loma Linda, Kaliforni; Cafrirɗe diiwaan San Bernardino, to Kaliforni; Opitaal mawɗo to Riverside, to Kaliforni ; Opitaal Floride, to wuro Orlando, to Floride; e opitaal Arnold Palmer wonande rewɓe e sukaaɓe, to Orlando, to Floride. O woniino karallo ko faati e safaara yumma e ɓiɗɗo e nder fedde toppitiinde safaara yumma e ɓiɗɗo, fedde toppitiinde ko fayti e safaara yumma, to Orlando, Florida..&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|title=Regulation of cell-cell communication mediated by connexin 43 in rabbit myometrial cells|url=https://archive.org/details/biology-of-reproduction_1994-02_50_2/page/377|volume=50|issue=2|pages=377–89|date=February 1994|journal=[[Biology of Reproduction]]|doi=10.1095/biolreprod50.2.377|last1=Nnamani|first1=Chimaraoke|last2=Godwin|first2=Angela|last3=Ducsay|first3=Charles A.|last4=Longo|first4=Lawrence D.|last5=Fletcher|first5=William H.|pmid=8142555}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Feddeeji karallaagal : O jeyaa ko e renndooji ganndal keewɗi ko wayi no Fedde toppitiinde jibinannde jibinannde, Fedde Ameriknaare ngam Biyoloji Cellal, Fedde wiɗtooji rewɓe, Duɗal Ameriknaajo ngam Ultrasound e nder safaara, e Licensure California, New York, West Virginia, Virginia, Florida e Distrik Columbia.

O woniino tergal e fedde toppitiinde ko feewti e cellal (BoT) fedde safrooɓe leydi Najeriya (NMA), diiwaan Enugu..&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2019/03/01/the-return-of-ebeano-to-the-senate/|last=Mumeh|first=Paul|title=The Return of Ebeano to the Senate|date=1 March 2019|access-date=30 September 2024|newspaper=[[This Day]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://dailypost.ng/2015/03/30/breaking-massive-protest-in-enugu-over-national-assembly-election-result/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|title=Massive protest in Enugu over National Assembly election result|last=Ugwueze|first=Emmanuel|date=30 March 2015|access-date=30 September 2024|newspaper=[[Daily Post (Nigeria)|Daily Post]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://guardian.ng/features/nnaji-versus-nnamani-the-battle-for-enugu-east-senatorial-seat/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|last=Njoku|first=Lawrence|title=Nnaji Versus Nnamani: The Battle For Enugu East Senatorial Seat|date=4 April 2015|access-date=30 September 2024|newspaper=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Golle politik ==
Dr. Nnamani'en arandeere nder siyaasaaku lesdi woni suɓol maako hooreejo lesdi Naajeeriya (NIMSA). O suɓaama Gomnaajo lesdi Enugu lesdi Naajeeriya, nden o suɓaama kadi ngam manngu ɗiɗaɓo nder suɓol guwerneer lesdi Enugu nder hitaande 2003. &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://punchng.com/ex-enugu-governor-nnamani-ditches-pdc-returns-to-pdp/|last=Ayo-Aderele|first=Adesola|title=Ex-Enugu governor, Nnamani, ditches PDC, returns to PDP|date=29 May 2017|access-date=30 September 2024|newspaper=[[The Punch]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://theeasterner.com.ng/enugu-goes-abuzz-as-chimaroke-flags-off-campaign/|title=Enugu goes abuzz as Chimaroke flags off campaign|work=The Easterner|access-date=8 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191102075856/http://theeasterner.com.ng/enugu-goes-abuzz-as-chimaroke-flags-off-campaign/|archive-date=2 November 2019|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=Ex-Gov Nnamani wins Enugu East Senatorial Election|url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2019/02/25/ex-gov-nnamani-wins-enugu-east-senatorial-election/|last1=Isiguzo|first1=Christopher|last2=Arinze|first2=Gideon|access-date=30 September 2024|newspaper=[[This Day]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.nassnig.org/mps/senators|title=Ninth Assembly Senators|publisher=Federal Republic of Nigeria National Assembly|access-date=22 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200612081257/https://www.nassnig.org/mps/senators|archive-date=12 June 2020|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/pidgin/tori-47534951/|date=12 March 2019|title=INEC result: Confam list of 2019 Nigeria elected Senators|agency=[[BBC News Pidgin]]|access-date=30 September 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2019/07/31/lawan-releases-list-of-69-senate-standing-committees-chairmen/|title=Lawan Releases List of 69 Senate Standing Committees' Chairmen|last1=Elumoye|first1=Deji|last2=Ogunmade|first2=Omololu|date=31 July 2019|access-date=30 September 2024|newspaper=[[This Day]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|date=30 July 2019|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/343955-updated-lawan-names-senate-committee-chairpersons-full-list.html/|title=UPDATED: Lawan names Senate committee chairpersons (FULL LIST)|last=Iroanusi|first=QueenEsther|access-date=30 September 2024|newspaper=[[Premium Times]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Duuɓi jeetati ɗi o woni e laamu ɗii, seediima eɓɓaaɗe keewɗe baɗɗe faayiida. ina jeyaa heen nokku keso duumotooɗo mo duɗal jaaɓi-haaɗtirde ganndal e karallaagal (ESUT), duɗal jaaɓi-haaɗtirde ganndal e karallaagal to Parklane, Enugu, duɗal jaaɓi-haaɗtirde Enugu to duɗal sariya leydi Najeriya, tunnel Ebeano, dualization laawol Rangers e laawol Chime, udditgol laawol kesol ngol A Nugume e nder Enugu gardiiɗo ñaawirdu leydi keso, fuɗɗoode mahngo eɓɓoore nokkuure kawral hakkunde leyɗeele, suudu laamu Enugu to Abuja, e ko nanndi heen

O adii suɓaade e nder Senaa leydi Naajeeriya ngam lomtaade diiwaan Enugu Fuɗnaange Senaa, o golliima gila 2007 haa 2011. O artiri e suɓaade jooɗorde ndee e wooteeji abriil 2011, oo sahaa ko e dow laylaytol yimɓe ngam waylo-waylo demokaraasi (PDC), kono o majjii e nder ngonkaaji luulndiiɗi. O fotnoo ko heɓde jooɗorde wootere kadi e wooteeji 2015, o miijanooma no feewi wonde o dañii nde, e nder hulɓinaare yimɓe ɓee, ƴaañoowo makko mawɗo oo, haawnii, bayyinaa ko kanko heɓi, oo sahaa kadi, o waɗii seppooji keewɗi, ɗi njibini laamorgo Enugu balɗe. Hoto ngartu e Senaa Senator Chimaroke Nnamani diiwaan enugu fuɗnaange senator Caggal nde o heɓi ƴamɗe ummoraade e fedde diiwaan Enugu mo lannda Demokaraasi Leƴƴi (PDP), o arti e lannda ka e hitaande 2017. Ko adii wooteeji mawɗi 2019, o fooftii e miijooji mawɗi dow ko fayti e jaŋde makko nde o suɓii formileer nominaasiyoŋ senateeruuji lannda ka ngam diiwaan Enugu Fuɗnaange Senatorial. E woote gardagol leydi senateeruuji ñalnde 2 oktoobar 2018 o heɓi 601 woote ngam foolde e ko yaawi 6 woɗɓe, tawi heen gooto ko senateer Gilbert Nnaji, gonɗo e laamu e oon sahaa, o heɓi 69 woote. Ɓooytaani o fuɗɗii kampaañ cemmbinɗo mbeddaaji-mbeddaaji, ngu wuurtini metropolis Enugu nde yimɓe ɓee ngummii ngam weltinde mo. O ƴetti kadi kampaañ makko e denndaangal nokkuuji ƴellitaare e nder diwanuuji 6 laamu nokkuuji ɗii e nder diiwaan senaateer oo kam e marseeji mawɗi ɗii, o tabitini innde makko e wonde ƴaañoowo jamaanu. E wooteeji Asaambele ngenndi garooji ɗii ñalnde 23 feebariyee 2019, o dañii heen ko heewi. Nnamani heɓi 128 843 woote ngam foolde ƴaañoowo makko ɓurɗo ɓadaade, laamɗo Lawrence Ozoemeka Ezeh, mo heɓi 14 225 woote, Uchenna Agbo mo APGA woni tataɓo e 1 586 woote. Nnamani ɗon mari bawɗe ɗuuɗɗe ngam heɓuki ballal maako ngal o heɓi diga Gomnaajo lesdi maako, Rt. Hon. Lawrence Ifeanyi Ugwuanyi (aka Gburugburu). O heɓi seedantaagal gartugol makko e wonde senateer cuɓaaɗo e Komisiyoŋ Suɓngooji Leydi ndii (INEC) ñalnde 14 mars 2019, o fuɗɗii laamu ñalnde 11 lewru nduu hitaande 2019 caggal nde o udditi Senaa 9ɓo leydi Naajeeriya. Caggal ɗuum o toɗɗaa hooreejo Goomu Senaa ngam gollondiral e naatgol e nder Afrik/NEPAD e cukko hooreejo Goomu ngam Narkotik e Narkotik, ko jiidaa e jeyeede e ɗeeɗoo Goomuuji Senaa : Cellal, Geɗe caggal leydi, Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe ngam toppitaade laabi leydi hono DiapoMAs, Agency TranspoMA 

== (FERMA). Geɗe. ==


Jaangirde Bana guwerneer

Dr. Nnamani sosi cuuɗi janngirde diiwal nder jiha kan, o miijii e o mahi suudu janngirde duumiinde haa janngirde mawnde nde lesdi Enugu (ESUT), o mahi nden o hokki laamu lesdi Enugu, suudu janngirde Enugu nde janngirde sariyaaji lesdi Naajeeriya, nden o mahi e o hokki Force haa janngirde mawnde nde Airfor A Nigerian. Njuɓɓudi makko sosi duɗe kese ganndal keertiiɗe e nder nokkuuji ceertuɗi e nder diiwaan hee, waɗii peewnugol duɗe laamu leslese e hakkundeeje, rokki ɗum en birooji duɗe ɗee e taabal e koɗorɗe jannginooɓe. Jam baandu Ko o doktoor, haawnaaki tawa cellal ko huunde ɓurnde himmude e guwerneer Nnamani.

Laamu makko sosi opitaaluuji diiwanuuji nay e opitaaluuji 19 cottage e nder diiwaan hee. Jokkondiral e Departemaa Ƴellitaare Adunaare leydi Angalteer (DFID) yiyri ko feewti e moƴƴitingol e moƴƴitingol nokkuuji cellal keewɗi e nder Gollondiral ngam waylude Siistemaaji Cellal (PATHS I &amp; II). Eɓɓoore mawnde njuɓɓudi ndii e nder fannu cellal, kono, ina wayi no ko waylude gonnooɗo opitaal mawɗo to Parklane, GRA, Enugu, wonta opitaal jannginoowo ESUT hannde oo e duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde safaara ESUT. Eɓɓaande mawnde ndee ina waɗi mahngo galleeji kesi, moƴƴitingol galleeji goodnooɗi ɗii e rokkude kaɓirɗe kese baawɗe rokkude nokku oo yahrude yeeso e accreditation laamuuji toppitiiɗi ɗii e nder sekteeruuji cellal cum jaŋde. Koɗkiiji Pewnugol laabi e moƴƴitingol ko fannu gooto mo njuɓɓudi Nnamani heɓi weltaare mawnde e fuɗɗoode. Ina jeyaa e laylaytol laabi teeru ɗi njuɓɓudi ndii ƴetti, laawol Opi-Nsukka, laawol Awgu-Ndeabor, laawol Ozalla-Agbani, laawol Agbani-Akpugo-Amagunze, laawol Amechi-Obeagu-Amodu-Umueze, laawol Oghe-Aguobu-UmugubaUad, laawol A Laabi wuro Nsukka, laabi jaami'aare Naajeeriya, laawol Nsukka-Ibagwa, laawol Obolo Afor-Ogrute, ekn... Woodi kadi laabi kesi bana ponto Nyaba, e laawol Ebeano ngol jokkindirgol NBL Ama Brewery haa 9th Mile Corner e laawol mawngol Enugu-Onitsha. 

E nder wuro mawngo Enugu, jamaanu Nnamani seediima mbayliigu ɗiɗi hakkunde laawol Chime kam e laawol Rangers, Tunnel Ebeano jokkondirɗo e laawol Ogui e laawol Garden, laawol kesol jokkondirngol e laawol Nza e nder laylaytol jeytaare e laawol Chime toowngol e nder New Haven, e laawol Nihakpata Ekulu, Achara lawyout I e II, Uwani, Kampaañ kuuraa e ko nanndi heen.

Laana ndiwoowa Njuɓɓudi ndii jokki e politik ngam yaynaade renndooji teeru ɗii e rokkude ɗum en kuuraa. Ko ina tolnoo e 130 renndo teeru naftoriima ngalɗoo gollal. Ndiyam ɗam Njuɓɓudi ndi moƴƴinii ndiyam jamaa e nder diiwaan hee. Won e golle e nder sekteer oo ina jeyaa heen : Ƴeewndo ndiyam Ozalla Ezimo e nder LGA Udenu, yaajnude jolngo ndiyam wuro Enugu, yaajnude golle ndiyam maayo Ajali, udditgol nokku booster Ede-Obala ngam jolnude ndiyam e wuro Nsukka, jolngo ndiyam Agbani/Amodu e jolngo ndiyam Ahumviw, eɓɓoore ndiyam Agbani/Amodu teemedde ɓulli motooji e nder renndooji teeru e nder diiwaan hee kala. Reformeeji e njuɓɓudi nokkuuji Njuɓɓudi ndii ina jokki e anniyaaji mum en politik ɓeydugol naatgol yimɓe e nder golle politik e ɓamtude laamu nguu e yimɓe e nder renndo ngo. Gomnaajo Nnamani waɗi waylitooji mawɗi nder hukuumaaji pamari ɗin ɗi jokki ngam siftorgo limngal siyaasaaku e laamu lesdi nder jiha Enugu. Caggal peeje demokaraasi, njuɓɓudi makko sosi 56 nokku ƴellitaare e nder nokkuuji 17 laamu nokkuuji e nder diiwaan hee, tawi ina timmi e mahngo e sahaa gooto 39 njuɓɓudi ngam nokkuuji ƴellitaare kesi ɗii, tawi 17 sekretariatuuji diisnondiral gonɗi ɗii ngoni ko e nokkuuji 17 keddiiɗi ɗii. Ko ɓuri 200 renndo keso kadi sosaa (mo woni kala ina jogii Dental Wuro mum e Laamɗo Aada), ko ngol woni go’o ko gila e sosde Dowla Enugu, ɗum noon ina addana renndooji kesi e nder Dowla Enugu fotde 367 e lewru mee 2007. Ɗee peeje njahdii e CommunityCCititer County e nder Diiso Renndo (CCCiticu) Diiso Diisnondiral diiwanuuji ƴellitaare (CDCC), ko gollondiral ƴellitaare teeru hakkunde renndooji teeru e laamu leydi. Njuɓɓudi ndii sosi ministeer ustugol baasal e ƴellitaare aadee nde ƴellitii e nder njuɓɓudi laamu nguu e nder diiwaan hee. Wonno heen kadi ko eɓɓaaɗe doole nokkuuji e njuɓɓudi taariindi (LEEMP), woni gollondiral goɗngal hakkunde leyɗeele ɗiɗi ngam ƴellitaare teeru e Banke Adunaajo/Laamu Angalteer, jowitiingal e mahngo e njuɓɓudi laabi ñamlooji teeru e eɓɓaaɗe goɗɗe ngam ittude baasal e nder renndooji teeru.

== Teddungal ikon ==
Ndee feccere limtaani hay lowre wootere. Tiiɗno, mballu ngam moƴƴinde ndee feccere e ɓeydude ciimtol e lowre koolkisaande. Kaɓirɗe ɗe ngalaa iwdi ina mbaawi luulndaade e ittude. (Oktoobar 2025) (Anndu no e hol nde ittata ndeeɗoo mesaas) Teddungal makko to bannge jaŋde ina jeyaa heen - Fellow to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Amerik to bannge jibinannde e rewɓe, Dipolomaat to Duɗal Amerik to bannge jibinannde e jibinannde, D.Sc. (Honoris Causa), Duɗal jaaɓi-haaɗtirde leydi Nijeer; Ko o tedduɗo e duɗal sariyaaji leydi Najeriya, D.Sc (Honoris Causa), duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Babcock, Illisan Remo, diiwaan Ogun, jannginoowo (ganndal siyaas), duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Babcock, Illisan Remo, diiwaan Ogun, teddungal e duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde safaara leydi Najeriya, Ijanikan, Lagos, Lagos. Ko o jannginoowo njillu to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde ganndal e karallaagal leydi Enugu (ESUT). Haala e yeeso yimɓe ikon Ndee feccere limtaani hay lowre wootere. Tiiɗno, mballu ngam moƴƴinde ndee feccere e ɓeydude ciimtol e lowre koolkisaande. Kaɓirɗe ɗe ngalaa iwdi ina mbaawi luulndaade e ittude. (Oktoobar 2025) (Anndu no e hol nde ittata ndeeɗoo mesaas) Governor Nnamani anndaama no feewi ngam kuuɗe maako ɗe hakkilantaaku dow ko laarani ɓillaaji e ko laarani demokaraasi ummotooɗo bana Naajeeriya. Darnde makko e yeewtere ngenndiire nawti mo to podium e nder dingiral ceertungal e nder leydi ndii hono nii : Ajenda ngam moƴƴitingol ngenndi ; yeewtere jamaa to Forum kawtal guwerneeruuji fuɗnaange, suudu kawtal otel Nike Lake, Enugu; 10 lewru Yarkoma hitaande 2001. Ndigbo: Njokken golle e koye men; Batu Igbo, to suudu fedde Otel hooreejo leydi, Enugu, ñalnde 19 lewru Yarkomaa 2001. Ndigbo, Taa Bu Gboo, Echi di lme (Yoo Jaango Fuɗɗo Jooni) ; Joɗnde Odenigbo, otel Eko L'meridien, duunde Victoria, Lagos, 24 abriil 2001. Jaayndeeji e Demokaraasi men: Laawol ngol taƴaaka; Fedde Rewɓe Jaayndiyankooɓe Naajeeriya (NAWOJ) limngal janngirɗe, Auditorium mawnde haa suudu janngirde lesdi Naajeeriya, Abuja; 15 mee 2001. Politik mbayliigu e njiylawu leydi Najeriya ngam demokaraasi duumotooɗo; Ko adii fof e yeewtere yeewtere hitaande Post Express, nokku MUSON, Onikan Lagos ; 2 sulyee 2001. Ndigbo e caɗeele mahngo ngenndi; Jaŋde hitaande kala fedde dingiral Enugu, suudu mawndu, fedde dingiral, Enugu, Enugu; 24 suwee 2001. Ndigbo, Mbele yonta maa ina waawi jogaade Igboness men?; Jaŋde hitaande kala eɓɓoore ƴellitaare Fuɗnaange-rewo (SEDI), to suudu Sam Mbakwe, otel Concorde, Owerri, ñalnde 14 desaambar 2001.

Demokaraasi 2003 : Ina haani ko Aduna wootooɓe ; Duɗal jaaɓi-haaɗtirde Babcock, suudu mawndu, Ilisan Remo, ñalnde 18 marse 2002. Rewtin'de semmbe sukaaɓe Igbo; Jaŋde janngooɓe Igbo’en ñalnde 11 abriil 2002, fedde janngooɓe Igbo (CIS), suudu fedde, otel hooreejo leydi, Enugu, 11 abriil 2002. Naamnal ngenndiwal nder Naajeeriya e Ƴeewndo Demokaraasi; Jaŋde hitaande kala to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Lagos, to suudu janngirdu mawndu, to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Lagos, ñalnde 23 abriil 2002. Wave of Arbitrary Culture nder Demokaraasi men Nascent, Lectures series kawtal Abuja kawtal jaayndiyanko'en Naajeeriya (NUJ), nokku kawtal hakkunde lesɗe, Abuja, 20 May 2002. Rediscover Nigeria ... Demokaraasi ko oto ngam mawnugol e ɓamtaare njulaagu; Yiytude eɓɓoore Naajeeriya, oteluuji Sheraton, Abuja, 28 lewru Mbooy hitaande 2002. To Tulde e Falnde Udi e Nsukka: Yimɓe, Ndonu mum en ... Jaŋngo mum en; Wawa Ummitinki Jawdi Fedde Ƴellitaare Dowla Enugu (ESDA), Suudu Fedde, Otel Hooreejo, Enugu; 28 noowammbar 2002. Miijooji e Arsitektuur ko Mirror Renndo ..yiyngo Enugu; Yewtere hitaandeere nde Duɗal Jaaɓi-haaɗtirde Naajeeriya (NIA), Fedde Diiwaan Enugu, Suudu Fedde, Otel Hooreejo leydi, Enugu; 29 noowammbar 2002. Scare Mongers e caɗeele e nder renndo politik ŋakkiraango ; Jaŋde ngam ƴellitde noddaango duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Babcock, galle hoɗɓe duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde kesal, Ilisan Remo, ñalnde 13 mars 2003. Fenomen Baaba-Baaba e nder leydi Najeriya Demokaraasi ... Silikon walla Goonga; Jaaɓihaaɗtirde Udi Hills, Naajeeriya, waɗaama e kawral e jaaynde The Source, Duɗal Naajeeriya ngam haalaaji hakkunde leyɗeele (NIIA), Lagos, ñalnde 20 lewru Mbooy hitaande 2003. Haɓde e naamnal laamu nokku, ... Mbele ndee Leñol ina waawi Anndineede e Ceertugol ?; Jaŋdeeji ɗi eɓɓoore renndo (BSI), Duɗal Naajeeriya ngam Haalaaji Duuniyaaru (NIIA), Lagos, 5 Ogost 2003. Kiriis Gap e nder Demokaraasi mbayliigu e caɗeele njuɓɓudi ɗaminaare moƴƴere ; Lecture kawtal jaayndiyankooɓe Naajeeriya (NUJ), Diiso lesdi Kogi; Suudu gilaasi, suudu laamu, Lokoja, 2 suwee 2003. Koolol ngenndiwal nder leydi Naajeeriya: by Who, For Who, . . .Oligarkiiji doole walla ɓiɓɓe leydi?; Jawdi Dillere Demokaraasi e Nuunɗal Renndo (MDSJ), Sokoto, suudu mawndu Duɗal jaaɓi-haaɗtirde Usmaan Dan Fodio, Sokoto, ñalnde 25 suwee 2003. 12 lewru juko: Fuɗnaange e heddiiɓe e men; Jaaynde ɗiɗmere yeewtere siftorde Bola Ige, suudu mawndu, otel mawɗo, Ibadan, ñalnde 30 suwee 

2003

== Taasal nder leydi Naajeeriya ==
...Ɓooygol teddungal neɗɗo; Jaŋde hitaande kala dow ndimaagu neɗɗo to fedde janngooɓe duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Naajeeriya (UNAA), suudu laamɗo debbo Alexandria, jaaɓi haaɗtirde Naajeeriya, Nsukka, ñalnde 6 oktoobar 2003 Hooreejo leydi e kisal : ƴeewndo Igbo Fuɗnaange/Hirnaange Niger mo alaa caka ; E nder hitaande 13 lewru nduu, hitaande 2003, ñalngu mawningol duuɓi 40 ko laamɗo Kano, HRM Alhaji (Dr) Ado Bayero, to suudu defte Murtala Muhammed, laawol Ahmadu Bello, wuro Kano, ñalnde 13 oktoobar 2003. Jaayndeeji e Eɓɓoore Najeriya; yeewtere jamaa fedde jom en jaayndeeji leydi Najeriya (NPAN), suudu nyaamdu Diamond, suudu nyaamdu Golden Gate, Ikoyi, Lagos, ñalnde 23 oktoobar 2003. Baasal e caɗeele Linjiila Yaakaare Keso; Yewtere Sinod haa Sinod tataɓo nder Ekklessiya Naajeeriya, Komuniyon Anglikan, Egbu, haa Ekklessiya Anglikan St. Peter, Umuneke, nokkuure laamu lesdi Ngor Okpuala, lesdi Imo, 3 lewru Noowammbar 2003. Jaayndeeji, iimanaagal e Dowla ; Yewtere nder asaweere jaayndiyankoore nde hitaande fuu haa suudu jaayndiyanko'en nder kawtal jaayndiyanko'en lesdi Naajeeriya (NUJ), suudu joonde diidaaɗi lesdi Plateau, suudu mawndu, otel Hill Station, Jos, 18 lewru noowammbar 2003. Duundeere e nder baasal, yeewtere 2003 to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Ilorin, to suudu janngirdu mawndu, to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Ilorin (campus tokooso), Ilorin, ñalnde 19 noowammbar 2003 (???) Ɓiɗɗo oo ko ñawɗo : nokku kawral hakkunde doktoor sukaaɓe e doktoor jibinannde ; Koɗo jannginoowo e batu 3ɓo hitaande kala fedde safrooɓe sukaaɓe leydi Najeriya (APSON), to suudu batu, Nike Lake Resort, Enugu, ñalnde 27 noowammbar 2003 Bar e Bench : Ko yimɓe ɗaminii e nder Demokaraasi jibinaaɗo ; Jaŋde hitaande kala e fedde ñaawooɓe leydi Najeriya (NBA), to suudu Ogun/Osun to otel NICON Hilton, Abuja, ñalnde 10 lewru Duujal hitaande 2003 Baasal ... Caɗeele Etikaaji Safaara ; Koɗorɗe hitaande kala to Duɗal Jaaɓi-haaɗtirde Cellal Sukaaɓe (ICH), Duɗal Jaaɓi-haaɗtirde Janngirde (UNTH), Enugu, to suudu batu Nike Lake Resort, Enugu, 17 mars 2005. Artisan en ko Ardiiɓe ... Zoning to Doole; Yeewtere jamaanu suudu Arewa, nokku wiɗtooji e binndi taariindi, nokkuuji jaagorɗe ɓooyɗe, Malali, Kaduna, leydi Najeriya, ñalnde 20 sulyee 2005Baasal nder leydi Naajeeriya

... en fuu en ɗon nder maajum; Jaŋde hitaande kala, njuɓɓudi e ñaamde fedde winndereyankoore Lions Club, diiwaan 404 B, leydi Najeriya, otel Sheraton e towers, Ikeja, leydi leydi Najeriya, ñalnde 30 sulyee 2005. Naajeeriya Cakaare: Belt Cakaare, Koolaaɗo Leñol; 2005 yeewtere jamaanu nde Dental Jaayndiyankooɓe Naajeeriya (NUJ), Diiso Dowlaaji Plateau; Otel Hill Station, Jos, Naajeeriya, ñalnde 16 ut 2005. Ajenda ngam Naajeeriya mo'o e semmbiɗinki, Haala weltaare haa kawtal Gomnati'en, Leydi Naajeeriya e Ardiiɓe Miijooji lesɗe Fombina Naajeeriya, waɗaama haa suudu joonde lesdi Naajeeriya Fuunaange, Enugu; 19 Duujal 2005. Diiwaanuuji e caɗeele naatgol ngenndiiji, yeewtere hitaandeere adannde jaayndeeji hirnaange Ltd., Premier Hotel, Ibadan ; 31 lewru bowte hitaande 2006. 

== Ƴeew kadi ==
Doggol guwerneeruuji diiwaan Enugu 

== Tuugnorgal ==</text>
      <sha1>ha0w7qqnwnd0vs5ypka112ss1vpjd8o</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Hizen-Asahi Station</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>43605</id>
    <revision>
      <id>183526</id>
      <timestamp>2026-08-21T10:27:31Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ilya Discuss</username>
        <id>10103</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;Gaaraas Hizen-Asahi (肥前旭駅, Hizen-Asahi-eki) ko gartirgal laana njoorndi njoorndi, woni ko e wuro Tosu, e nder diiwaan Saga, to leydi Japon. Ko JR Kyushu woni gollorde nde. Diidi Stasiyoŋ oo ina huutoree e laana mawka Kagoshima, ina woni 110,4 km e nokku ɗo laana kaa fuɗɗotoo to Mojiko. Ko otooji nokkuuji ɗii tan njoofata e gartirgol ngol. Tooɓere Stasiyoŋ oo ina waɗi plateauji ɗiɗi banngeeji luurondirɗi ina kuutoroo laabi ɗiɗi e grade. Siding branche...&quot;</comment>
      <origin>183526</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2009" sha1="67sdufcd887i78x4lfdcebj7nct87vu" xml:space="preserve">Gaaraas Hizen-Asahi (肥前旭駅, Hizen-Asahi-eki) ko gartirgal laana njoorndi njoorndi, woni ko e wuro Tosu, e nder diiwaan Saga, to leydi Japon. Ko JR Kyushu woni gollorde nde. Diidi Stasiyoŋ oo ina huutoree e laana mawka Kagoshima, ina woni 110,4 km e nokku ɗo laana kaa fuɗɗotoo to Mojiko. Ko otooji nokkuuji ɗii tan njoofata e gartirgol ngol. Tooɓere Stasiyoŋ oo ina waɗi plateauji ɗiɗi banngeeji luurondirɗi ina kuutoroo laabi ɗiɗi e grade. Siding branches off kala e laabi ɗiɗi sara station. Mahdi station oo ko suudu beton tokoosru ndu alaa ko gollotoo, ndu huutortoo tan ko nokku ɗo yimɓe njippii, masiŋ otomatik yeeyoowo tikket, masiŋ charging Sugoca e janngirde kaayitaaji Sugoca. Heɓde plateau bannge goɗɗo oo ko e laawol koyɗe. Plateauji 1 ■ Laana mawka JB Kagoshima ngam Kurume, Ōmuta 2 ■ Laana mawka JB Kagoshima ngam Kokura e Hakata Yiyngo plateauji e laabi. Siding ina yiyee e woɗɗude to bannge nano. Yiyngo plateauji e laabi. Siding ina yiyee e woɗɗude to bannge nano. Yiyngo ɓadiiɗo ponto koyɗe. Yiyngo ɓadiiɗo ponto koyɗe. Tariya Ñalnde 23 desaambar 1928, laana njoorndi laamu Japon (JGR) udditi Box Signal Asahi to nokku ɗo jolngo ngoo woni hannde ɗoo. Ñalnde 7 suwee 1934, nokku oo artiraa e nokku timmuɗo, inniraa Hizen-Asahi. E privatisation (privatisation) laana njoorndi leydi Japon (JNR), lomto JGR, ñalnde 1 abriil 1987, JR Kyushu ƴetti laana njoorndi. Limlebbi yahooɓe E hitaande 2020, dingiral ngal huutortenoo ko e 683 neɗɗo ñalnde kala (yaɓɓooɓe tan), tee ngal woni ko e 195ɓo e nder dingiral ɓurngal heewde yimɓe e JR Kyushu. Nokku taariindi Nokku gonɗo sara station oo ina woɗɗi laabi ngenndiiji e laabi mawɗi nokkuuji ɗii, ɗum noon alaa ɗo njulaagu mawngu woni, nokku oo ina heewi gese maaro. Kono nde tawnoo nde ɓadiima wuro Fukuoka e wuro Kurume, galleeji kesi mahaama e ɗii duuɓi cakkitiiɗi, nde wonti wuro yah-ngartaa. Ƴeew kadi Doggol nokkuuji ɗo laaɗe diwooje njolnata e nder leydi Japon Tuugnorgal</text>
      <sha1>67sdufcd887i78x4lfdcebj7nct87vu</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>183527</id>
      <parentid>183526</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-21T10:27:56Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ilya Discuss</username>
        <id>10103</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>183527</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2020" sha1="2ramu6h13ydg44xdrk3u1n01nxb0aai" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}Gaaraas Hizen-Asahi (肥前旭駅, Hizen-Asahi-eki) ko gartirgal laana njoorndi njoorndi, woni ko e wuro Tosu, e nder diiwaan Saga, to leydi Japon. Ko JR Kyushu woni gollorde nde. Diidi Stasiyoŋ oo ina huutoree e laana mawka Kagoshima, ina woni 110,4 km e nokku ɗo laana kaa fuɗɗotoo to Mojiko. Ko otooji nokkuuji ɗii tan njoofata e gartirgol ngol. Tooɓere Stasiyoŋ oo ina waɗi plateauji ɗiɗi banngeeji luurondirɗi ina kuutoroo laabi ɗiɗi e grade. Siding branches off kala e laabi ɗiɗi sara station. Mahdi station oo ko suudu beton tokoosru ndu alaa ko gollotoo, ndu huutortoo tan ko nokku ɗo yimɓe njippii, masiŋ otomatik yeeyoowo tikket, masiŋ charging Sugoca e janngirde kaayitaaji Sugoca. Heɓde plateau bannge goɗɗo oo ko e laawol koyɗe. Plateauji 1 ■ Laana mawka JB Kagoshima ngam Kurume, Ōmuta 2 ■ Laana mawka JB Kagoshima ngam Kokura e Hakata Yiyngo plateauji e laabi. Siding ina yiyee e woɗɗude to bannge nano. Yiyngo plateauji e laabi. Siding ina yiyee e woɗɗude to bannge nano. Yiyngo ɓadiiɗo ponto koyɗe. Yiyngo ɓadiiɗo ponto koyɗe. Tariya Ñalnde 23 desaambar 1928, laana njoorndi laamu Japon (JGR) udditi Box Signal Asahi to nokku ɗo jolngo ngoo woni hannde ɗoo. Ñalnde 7 suwee 1934, nokku oo artiraa e nokku timmuɗo, inniraa Hizen-Asahi. E privatisation (privatisation) laana njoorndi leydi Japon (JNR), lomto JGR, ñalnde 1 abriil 1987, JR Kyushu ƴetti laana njoorndi. Limlebbi yahooɓe E hitaande 2020, dingiral ngal huutortenoo ko e 683 neɗɗo ñalnde kala (yaɓɓooɓe tan), tee ngal woni ko e 195ɓo e nder dingiral ɓurngal heewde yimɓe e JR Kyushu. Nokku taariindi Nokku gonɗo sara station oo ina woɗɗi laabi ngenndiiji e laabi mawɗi nokkuuji ɗii, ɗum noon alaa ɗo njulaagu mawngu woni, nokku oo ina heewi gese maaro. Kono nde tawnoo nde ɓadiima wuro Fukuoka e wuro Kurume, galleeji kesi mahaama e ɗii duuɓi cakkitiiɗi, nde wonti wuro yah-ngartaa. Ƴeew kadi Doggol nokkuuji ɗo laaɗe diwooje njolnata e nder leydi Japon Tuugnorgal</text>
      <sha1>2ramu6h13ydg44xdrk3u1n01nxb0aai</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>183528</id>
      <parentid>183527</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-21T10:28:51Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ilya Discuss</username>
        <id>10103</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>183528</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2034" sha1="gp7td7dbmdi71ouw2xdnfqcbr4cdv9j" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}'''Gaaraas Hizen-Asahi''' (肥前旭駅, Hizen-Asahi-eki) ko gartirgal laana njoorndi njoorndi, woni ko e wuro Tosu, e nder diiwaan Saga, to leydi Japon. Ko JR Kyushu woni gollorde nde. Diidi Stasiyoŋ oo ina huutoree e laana mawka Kagoshima, ina woni 110,4 km e nokku ɗo laana kaa fuɗɗotoo to Mojiko. Ko otooji nokkuuji ɗii tan njoofata e gartirgol ngol. Tooɓere Stasiyoŋ oo ina waɗi plateauji ɗiɗi banngeeji luurondirɗi ina kuutoroo laabi ɗiɗi e grade. Siding branches off kala e laabi ɗiɗi sara station. Mahdi station oo ko suudu beton tokoosru ndu alaa ko gollotoo, ndu huutortoo tan ko nokku ɗo yimɓe njippii, masiŋ otomatik yeeyoowo tikket, masiŋ charging Sugoca e janngirde kaayitaaji Sugoca. Heɓde plateau bannge goɗɗo oo ko e laawol koyɗe. Plateauji 1 ■ Laana mawka JB Kagoshima ngam Kurume, Ōmuta 2 ■ Laana mawka JB Kagoshima ngam Kokura e Hakata Yiyngo plateauji e laabi. Siding ina yiyee e woɗɗude to bannge nano. Yiyngo plateauji e laabi. Siding ina yiyee e woɗɗude to bannge nano. Yiyngo ɓadiiɗo ponto koyɗe. Yiyngo ɓadiiɗo ponto koyɗe. Tariya Ñalnde 23 desaambar 1928, laana njoorndi laamu Japon (JGR) udditi Box Signal Asahi to nokku ɗo jolngo ngoo woni hannde ɗoo. Ñalnde 7 suwee 1934, nokku oo artiraa e nokku timmuɗo, inniraa Hizen-Asahi. E privatisation (privatisation) laana njoorndi leydi Japon (JNR), lomto JGR, ñalnde 1 abriil 1987, JR Kyushu ƴetti laana njoorndi. Limlebbi yahooɓe E hitaande 2020, dingiral ngal huutortenoo ko e 683 neɗɗo ñalnde kala (yaɓɓooɓe tan), tee ngal woni ko e 195ɓo e nder dingiral ɓurngal heewde yimɓe e JR Kyushu. Nokku taariindi Nokku gonɗo sara station oo ina woɗɗi laabi ngenndiiji e laabi mawɗi nokkuuji ɗii, ɗum noon alaa ɗo njulaagu mawngu woni, nokku oo ina heewi gese maaro. Kono nde tawnoo nde ɓadiima wuro Fukuoka e wuro Kurume, galleeji kesi mahaama e ɗii duuɓi cakkitiiɗi, nde wonti wuro yah-ngartaa. Ƴeew kadi Doggol nokkuuji ɗo laaɗe diwooje njolnata e nder leydi Japon 

== Tuugnorgal ==</text>
      <sha1>gp7td7dbmdi71ouw2xdnfqcbr4cdv9j</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>183529</id>
      <parentid>183528</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-21T10:29:44Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ilya Discuss</username>
        <id>10103</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>183529</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2070" sha1="cm22s9vcsghnbeyj3ir8x4jga5s183u" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}'''Gaaraas Hizen-Asahi''' (肥前旭駅, Hizen-Asahi-eki) ko gartirgal laana njoorndi njoorndi, woni ko e wuro Tosu, e nder diiwaan Saga, to leydi Japon. Ko JR Kyushu woni gollorde nde. Diidi Stasiyoŋ oo ina huutoree e laana mawka Kagoshima, ina woni 110,4 km e nokku ɗo laana kaa fuɗɗotoo to Mojiko.  

== Ko otooji nokkuuji ==
ɗii tan njoofata e gartirgol ngol. Tooɓere Stasiyoŋ oo ina waɗi plateauji ɗiɗi banngeeji luurondirɗi ina kuutoroo laabi ɗiɗi e grade. Siding branches off kala e laabi ɗiɗi sara station. Mahdi station oo ko suudu beton tokoosru ndu alaa ko gollotoo, ndu huutortoo tan ko nokku ɗo yimɓe njippii, masiŋ otomatik yeeyoowo tikket, masiŋ charging Sugoca e janngirde kaayitaaji Sugoca. Heɓde plateau bannge goɗɗo oo ko e laawol koyɗe. Plateauji 1 ■ Laana mawka JB Kagoshima ngam Kurume, Ōmuta 2 ■ Laana mawka JB Kagoshima ngam Kokura e Hakata Yiyngo plateauji e laabi. Siding ina yiyee e woɗɗude to bannge nano. Yiyngo plateauji e laabi. Siding ina yiyee e woɗɗude to bannge nano.  

== Yiyngo ɓadiiɗo ==
ponto koyɗe. Yiyngo ɓadiiɗo ponto koyɗe. Tariya Ñalnde 23 desaambar 1928, laana njoorndi laamu Japon (JGR) udditi Box Signal Asahi to nokku ɗo jolngo ngoo woni hannde ɗoo. Ñalnde 7 suwee 1934, nokku oo artiraa e nokku timmuɗo, inniraa Hizen-Asahi.  

E privatisation (privatisation) laana njoorndi leydi Japon (JNR), lomto JGR, ñalnde 1 abriil 1987, JR Kyushu ƴetti laana njoorndi.  

Limlebbi yahooɓe E hitaande 2020, dingiral ngal huutortenoo ko e 683 neɗɗo ñalnde kala (yaɓɓooɓe tan), tee ngal woni ko e 195ɓo e nder dingiral ɓurngal heewde yimɓe e JR Kyushu. Nokku taariindi Nokku gonɗo sara station oo ina woɗɗi laabi ngenndiiji e laabi mawɗi nokkuuji ɗii, ɗum noon alaa ɗo njulaagu mawngu woni, nokku oo ina heewi gese maaro.  

Kono nde tawnoo nde ɓadiima wuro Fukuoka e wuro Kurume, galleeji kesi mahaama e ɗii duuɓi cakkitiiɗi, nde wonti wuro yah-ngartaa.  

== Ƴeew kadi ==
Doggol nokkuuji ɗo laaɗe diwooje njolnata e nder leydi Japon 

== Tuugnorgal ==</text>
      <sha1>cm22s9vcsghnbeyj3ir8x4jga5s183u</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>183530</id>
      <parentid>183529</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-21T10:30:09Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ilya Discuss</username>
        <id>10103</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>183530</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2076" sha1="e5ppt19l2cemdcicybykqlkdegh4tyu" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}'''Gaaraas Hizen-Asahi''' (肥前旭駅, Hizen-Asahi-eki) ko gartirgal laana njoorndi njoorndi, woni ko e wuro Tosu, e nder diiwaan Saga, to leydi Japon. Ko JR Kyushu woni gollorde nde. Diidi Stasiyoŋ oo ina huutoree e laana mawka Kagoshima, ina woni 110,4 km e nokku ɗo laana kaa fuɗɗotoo to Mojiko.  

== Ko otooji nokkuuji ==
ɗii tan njoofata e gartirgol ngol. Tooɓere Stasiyoŋ oo ina waɗi plateauji ɗiɗi banngeeji luurondirɗi ina kuutoroo laabi ɗiɗi e grade. Siding branches off kala e laabi ɗiɗi sara station. Mahdi station oo ko suudu beton tokoosru ndu alaa ko gollotoo, ndu huutortoo tan ko nokku ɗo yimɓe njippii, masiŋ otomatik yeeyoowo tikket, masiŋ charging Sugoca e janngirde kaayitaaji Sugoca. Heɓde plateau bannge goɗɗo oo ko e laawol koyɗe. Plateauji 1 ■ Laana mawka JB Kagoshima ngam Kurume, Ōmuta 2 ■ Laana mawka JB Kagoshima ngam Kokura e Hakata Yiyngo plateauji e laabi. Siding ina yiyee e woɗɗude to bannge nano. Yiyngo plateauji e laabi. Siding ina yiyee e woɗɗude to bannge nano.  

== Yiyngo ɓadiiɗo ==
ponto koyɗe. Yiyngo ɓadiiɗo ponto koyɗe. Tariya Ñalnde 23 desaambar 1928, laana njoorndi laamu Japon (JGR) udditi Box Signal Asahi to nokku ɗo jolngo ngoo woni hannde ɗoo. Ñalnde 7 suwee 1934, nokku oo artiraa e nokku timmuɗo, inniraa Hizen-Asahi.  

E privatisation (privatisation) laana njoorndi leydi Japon (JNR), lomto JGR, ñalnde 1 abriil 1987, JR Kyushu ƴetti laana njoorndi.  

== Limlebbi yahooɓe ==
E hitaande 2020, dingiral ngal huutortenoo ko e 683 neɗɗo ñalnde kala (yaɓɓooɓe tan), tee ngal woni ko e 195ɓo e nder dingiral ɓurngal heewde yimɓe e JR Kyushu. Nokku taariindi Nokku gonɗo sara station oo ina woɗɗi laabi ngenndiiji e laabi mawɗi nokkuuji ɗii, ɗum noon alaa ɗo njulaagu mawngu woni, nokku oo ina heewi gese maaro.  

Kono nde tawnoo nde ɓadiima wuro Fukuoka e wuro Kurume, galleeji kesi mahaama e ɗii duuɓi cakkitiiɗi, nde wonti wuro yah-ngartaa.  

== Ƴeew kadi ==
Doggol nokkuuji ɗo laaɗe diwooje njolnata e nder leydi Japon 

== Tuugnorgal ==</text>
      <sha1>e5ppt19l2cemdcicybykqlkdegh4tyu</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>183531</id>
      <parentid>183530</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-21T10:30:57Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ilya Discuss</username>
        <id>10103</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>183531</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2281" sha1="h5xyhwwyiue1yt6gwl7d61p4lcabot6" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}'''Gaaraas Hizen-Asahi''' (肥前旭駅, Hizen-Asahi-eki) ko gartirgal laana njoorndi njoorndi, woni ko e wuro Tosu, e nder diiwaan Saga, to leydi Japon. Ko JR Kyushu woni gollorde nde. Diidi Stasiyoŋ oo ina huutoree e laana mawka Kagoshima, ina woni 110,4 km e nokku ɗo laana kaa fuɗɗotoo to Mojiko..&lt;ref name=&quot;stationmap&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.jrkyushu.co.jp/english/pdf/jrkyushu_routemap_en.pdf|title=JR Kyushu Route Map|publisher=JR Kyushu|access-date=23 February 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;hacchi&quot; /&gt;  

== Ko otooji nokkuuji ==
ɗii tan njoofata e gartirgol ngol. Tooɓere Stasiyoŋ oo ina waɗi plateauji ɗiɗi banngeeji luurondirɗi ina kuutoroo laabi ɗiɗi e grade. Siding branches off kala e laabi ɗiɗi sara station. Mahdi station oo ko suudu beton tokoosru ndu alaa ko gollotoo, ndu huutortoo tan ko nokku ɗo yimɓe njippii, masiŋ otomatik yeeyoowo tikket, masiŋ charging Sugoca e janngirde kaayitaaji Sugoca. Heɓde plateau bannge goɗɗo oo ko e laawol koyɗe. Plateauji 1 ■ Laana mawka JB Kagoshima ngam Kurume, Ōmuta 2 ■ Laana mawka JB Kagoshima ngam Kokura e Hakata Yiyngo plateauji e laabi. Siding ina yiyee e woɗɗude to bannge nano. Yiyngo plateauji e laabi. Siding ina yiyee e woɗɗude to bannge nano.  

== Yiyngo ɓadiiɗo ==
ponto koyɗe. Yiyngo ɓadiiɗo ponto koyɗe. Tariya Ñalnde 23 desaambar 1928, laana njoorndi laamu Japon (JGR) udditi Box Signal Asahi to nokku ɗo jolngo ngoo woni hannde ɗoo. Ñalnde 7 suwee 1934, nokku oo artiraa e nokku timmuɗo, inniraa Hizen-Asahi.  

E privatisation (privatisation) laana njoorndi leydi Japon (JNR), lomto JGR, ñalnde 1 abriil 1987, JR Kyushu ƴetti laana njoorndi.  

== Limlebbi yahooɓe ==
E hitaande 2020, dingiral ngal huutortenoo ko e 683 neɗɗo ñalnde kala (yaɓɓooɓe tan), tee ngal woni ko e 195ɓo e nder dingiral ɓurngal heewde yimɓe e JR Kyushu. Nokku taariindi Nokku gonɗo sara station oo ina woɗɗi laabi ngenndiiji e laabi mawɗi nokkuuji ɗii, ɗum noon alaa ɗo njulaagu mawngu woni, nokku oo ina heewi gese maaro.  

Kono nde tawnoo nde ɓadiima wuro Fukuoka e wuro Kurume, galleeji kesi mahaama e ɗii duuɓi cakkitiiɗi, nde wonti wuro yah-ngartaa.  

== Ƴeew kadi ==
Doggol nokkuuji ɗo laaɗe diwooje njolnata e nder leydi Japon 

== Tuugnorgal ==</text>
      <sha1>h5xyhwwyiue1yt6gwl7d61p4lcabot6</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>183532</id>
      <parentid>183531</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-21T10:32:02Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ilya Discuss</username>
        <id>10103</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>183532</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3168" sha1="6jzyi4u7qvreoqi802gn662pkwfzid3" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}'''Gaaraas Hizen-Asahi''' (肥前旭駅, Hizen-Asahi-eki) ko gartirgal laana njoorndi njoorndi, woni ko e wuro Tosu, e nder diiwaan Saga, to leydi Japon. Ko JR Kyushu woni gollorde nde. Diidi Stasiyoŋ oo ina huutoree e laana mawka Kagoshima, ina woni 110,4 km e nokku ɗo laana kaa fuɗɗotoo to Mojiko..&lt;ref name=&quot;stationmap&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.jrkyushu.co.jp/english/pdf/jrkyushu_routemap_en.pdf|title=JR Kyushu Route Map|publisher=JR Kyushu|access-date=23 February 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;hacchi&quot; /&gt;  

== Ko otooji nokkuuji ==
ɗii tan njoofata e gartirgol ngol. Tooɓere Stasiyoŋ oo ina waɗi plateauji ɗiɗi banngeeji luurondirɗi ina kuutoroo laabi ɗiɗi e grade. Siding branches off kala e laabi ɗiɗi sara station. Mahdi station oo ko suudu beton tokoosru ndu alaa ko gollotoo, ndu huutortoo tan ko nokku ɗo yimɓe njippii, masiŋ otomatik yeeyoowo tikket, masiŋ charging Sugoca e janngirde kaayitaaji Sugoca. Heɓde plateau bannge goɗɗo oo ko e laawol koyɗe. &lt;ref name=&quot;kawashima&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Kawashima|first=Ryōzō|script-title=ja: 図説: 日本の鉄道 四国・九州ライン 全線・全駅・全配線・第4巻 福岡エリア|year=2013|publisher=Kodansha|isbn=9784062951630|trans-title=Japan Railways Illustrated. Shikoku and Kyushu. All lines, all stations, all track layouts. Volume 4 Fukuoka Area|language=ja|pages=32, 67}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;hacchi2&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://hacchi-no-he.net/line/kagoshima/station/0450_hizenasahi.htm|title=肥前旭|trans-title=Hizen-Asahi|access-date=6 April 2018|website=hacchi-no-he.net}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://xyhigashi.hatenablog.jp/entry/20150710/1436534610|title=肥前旭駅に訪問|trans-title=Visit to Hizen-Asahi Station|date=10 July 2017|access-date=6 April 2018|website=Dridorichi's railroad blog}} See especially for photographic coverage of station facilities.&lt;/ref&gt;  

Plateauji 1 ■ Laana mawka JB Kagoshima ngam Kurume, Ōmuta 2 ■ Laana mawka JB Kagoshima ngam Kokura e Hakata Yiyngo plateauji e laabi. Siding ina yiyee e woɗɗude to bannge nano. Yiyngo plateauji e laabi. Siding ina yiyee e woɗɗude to bannge nano.  

== Yiyngo ɓadiiɗo ==
ponto koyɗe. Yiyngo ɓadiiɗo ponto koyɗe. Tariya Ñalnde 23 desaambar 1928, laana njoorndi laamu Japon (JGR) udditi Box Signal Asahi to nokku ɗo jolngo ngoo woni hannde ɗoo. Ñalnde 7 suwee 1934, nokku oo artiraa e nokku timmuɗo, inniraa Hizen-Asahi.  

E privatisation (privatisation) laana njoorndi leydi Japon (JNR), lomto JGR, ñalnde 1 abriil 1987, JR Kyushu ƴetti laana njoorndi.  

== Limlebbi yahooɓe ==
E hitaande 2020, dingiral ngal huutortenoo ko e 683 neɗɗo ñalnde kala (yaɓɓooɓe tan), tee ngal woni ko e 195ɓo e nder dingiral ɓurngal heewde yimɓe e JR Kyushu. Nokku taariindi Nokku gonɗo sara station oo ina woɗɗi laabi ngenndiiji e laabi mawɗi nokkuuji ɗii, ɗum noon alaa ɗo njulaagu mawngu woni, nokku oo ina heewi gese maaro.  

Kono nde tawnoo nde ɓadiima wuro Fukuoka e wuro Kurume, galleeji kesi mahaama e ɗii duuɓi cakkitiiɗi, nde wonti wuro yah-ngartaa.  

== Ƴeew kadi ==
Doggol nokkuuji ɗo laaɗe diwooje njolnata e nder leydi Japon 

== Tuugnorgal ==</text>
      <sha1>6jzyi4u7qvreoqi802gn662pkwfzid3</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>183533</id>
      <parentid>183532</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-21T10:33:12Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ilya Discuss</username>
        <id>10103</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>183533</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3243" sha1="6tcdnl6v7118pgw6u2tjltjxfqulq75" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}'''Gaaraas Hizen-Asahi''' (肥前旭駅, Hizen-Asahi-eki) ko gartirgal laana njoorndi njoorndi, woni ko e wuro Tosu, e nder diiwaan Saga, to leydi Japon. Ko JR Kyushu woni gollorde nde. Diidi Stasiyoŋ oo ina huutoree e laana mawka Kagoshima, ina woni 110,4 km e nokku ɗo laana kaa fuɗɗotoo to Mojiko..&lt;ref name=&quot;stationmap&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.jrkyushu.co.jp/english/pdf/jrkyushu_routemap_en.pdf|title=JR Kyushu Route Map|publisher=JR Kyushu|access-date=23 February 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;hacchi&quot; /&gt;  

== Ko otooji nokkuuji ==
ɗii tan njoofata e gartirgol ngol. Tooɓere Stasiyoŋ oo ina waɗi plateauji ɗiɗi banngeeji luurondirɗi ina kuutoroo laabi ɗiɗi e grade. Siding branches off kala e laabi ɗiɗi sara station. Mahdi station oo ko suudu beton tokoosru ndu alaa ko gollotoo, ndu huutortoo tan ko nokku ɗo yimɓe njippii, masiŋ otomatik yeeyoowo tikket, masiŋ charging Sugoca e janngirde kaayitaaji Sugoca. Heɓde plateau bannge goɗɗo oo ko e laawol koyɗe. &lt;ref name=&quot;kawashima&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Kawashima|first=Ryōzō|script-title=ja: 図説: 日本の鉄道 四国・九州ライン 全線・全駅・全配線・第4巻 福岡エリア|year=2013|publisher=Kodansha|isbn=9784062951630|trans-title=Japan Railways Illustrated. Shikoku and Kyushu. All lines, all stations, all track layouts. Volume 4 Fukuoka Area|language=ja|pages=32, 67}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;hacchi2&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://hacchi-no-he.net/line/kagoshima/station/0450_hizenasahi.htm|title=肥前旭|trans-title=Hizen-Asahi|access-date=6 April 2018|website=hacchi-no-he.net}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://xyhigashi.hatenablog.jp/entry/20150710/1436534610|title=肥前旭駅に訪問|trans-title=Visit to Hizen-Asahi Station|date=10 July 2017|access-date=6 April 2018|website=Dridorichi's railroad blog}} See especially for photographic coverage of station facilities.&lt;/ref&gt;  

Plateauji 1 ■ Laana mawka JB Kagoshima ngam Kurume, Ōmuta 2 ■ Laana mawka JB Kagoshima ngam Kokura e Hakata Yiyngo plateauji e laabi. Siding ina yiyee e woɗɗude to bannge nano. Yiyngo plateauji e laabi. Siding ina yiyee e woɗɗude to bannge nano.&lt;ref&gt;{{Teishajo|I|218}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;teishajo&quot;&gt;{{Teishajo|II|680}}&lt;/ref&gt;  

== Yiyngo ɓadiiɗo ==
ponto koyɗe. Yiyngo ɓadiiɗo ponto koyɗe. Tariya Ñalnde 23 desaambar 1928, laana njoorndi laamu Japon (JGR) udditi Box Signal Asahi to nokku ɗo jolngo ngoo woni hannde ɗoo. Ñalnde 7 suwee 1934, nokku oo artiraa e nokku timmuɗo, inniraa Hizen-Asahi.  

E privatisation (privatisation) laana njoorndi leydi Japon (JNR), lomto JGR, ñalnde 1 abriil 1987, JR Kyushu ƴetti laana njoorndi.  

== Limlebbi yahooɓe ==
E hitaande 2020, dingiral ngal huutortenoo ko e 683 neɗɗo ñalnde kala (yaɓɓooɓe tan), tee ngal woni ko e 195ɓo e nder dingiral ɓurngal heewde yimɓe e JR Kyushu. Nokku taariindi Nokku gonɗo sara station oo ina woɗɗi laabi ngenndiiji e laabi mawɗi nokkuuji ɗii, ɗum noon alaa ɗo njulaagu mawngu woni, nokku oo ina heewi gese maaro.  

Kono nde tawnoo nde ɓadiima wuro Fukuoka e wuro Kurume, galleeji kesi mahaama e ɗii duuɓi cakkitiiɗi, nde wonti wuro yah-ngartaa.  

== Ƴeew kadi ==
Doggol nokkuuji ɗo laaɗe diwooje njolnata e nder leydi Japon 

== Tuugnorgal ==</text>
      <sha1>6tcdnl6v7118pgw6u2tjltjxfqulq75</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>183534</id>
      <parentid>183533</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-21T10:33:55Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ilya Discuss</username>
        <id>10103</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>183534</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3147" sha1="nwrjgqapbrl925ojm51l8rqldflnmga" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}'''Gaaraas Hizen-Asahi''' (肥前旭駅, Hizen-Asahi-eki) ko gartirgal laana njoorndi njoorndi, woni ko e wuro Tosu, e nder diiwaan Saga, to leydi Japon. Ko JR Kyushu woni gollorde nde. Diidi Stasiyoŋ oo ina huutoree e laana mawka Kagoshima, ina woni 110,4 km e nokku ɗo laana kaa fuɗɗotoo to Mojiko..&lt;ref name=&quot;stationmap&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.jrkyushu.co.jp/english/pdf/jrkyushu_routemap_en.pdf|title=JR Kyushu Route Map|publisher=JR Kyushu|access-date=23 February 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;  

== Ko otooji nokkuuji ==
ɗii tan njoofata e gartirgol ngol. Tooɓere Stasiyoŋ oo ina waɗi plateauji ɗiɗi banngeeji luurondirɗi ina kuutoroo laabi ɗiɗi e grade. Siding branches off kala e laabi ɗiɗi sara station. Mahdi station oo ko suudu beton tokoosru ndu alaa ko gollotoo, ndu huutortoo tan ko nokku ɗo yimɓe njippii, masiŋ otomatik yeeyoowo tikket, masiŋ charging Sugoca e janngirde kaayitaaji Sugoca. Heɓde plateau bannge goɗɗo oo ko e laawol koyɗe. &lt;ref name=&quot;kawashima&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Kawashima|first=Ryōzō|script-title=ja: 図説: 日本の鉄道 四国・九州ライン 全線・全駅・全配線・第4巻 福岡エリア|year=2013|publisher=Kodansha|isbn=9784062951630|trans-title=Japan Railways Illustrated. Shikoku and Kyushu. All lines, all stations, all track layouts. Volume 4 Fukuoka Area|language=ja|pages=32, 67}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;hacchi2&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://hacchi-no-he.net/line/kagoshima/station/0450_hizenasahi.htm|title=肥前旭|trans-title=Hizen-Asahi|access-date=6 April 2018|website=hacchi-no-he.net}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://xyhigashi.hatenablog.jp/entry/20150710/1436534610|title=肥前旭駅に訪問|trans-title=Visit to Hizen-Asahi Station|date=10 July 2017|access-date=6 April 2018|website=Dridorichi's railroad blog}} See especially for photographic coverage of station facilities.&lt;/ref&gt;  

Plateauji 1 ■ Laana mawka JB Kagoshima ngam Kurume, Ōmuta 2 ■ Laana mawka JB Kagoshima ngam Kokura e Hakata Yiyngo plateauji e laabi. Siding ina yiyee e woɗɗude to bannge nano. Yiyngo plateauji e laabi. Siding ina yiyee e woɗɗude to bannge nano.  

== Yiyngo ɓadiiɗo ==
ponto koyɗe. Yiyngo ɓadiiɗo ponto koyɗe. Tariya Ñalnde 23 desaambar 1928, laana njoorndi laamu Japon (JGR) udditi Box Signal Asahi to nokku ɗo jolngo ngoo woni hannde ɗoo. Ñalnde 7 suwee 1934, nokku oo artiraa e nokku timmuɗo, inniraa Hizen-Asahi.  

E privatisation (privatisation) laana njoorndi leydi Japon (JNR), lomto JGR, ñalnde 1 abriil 1987, JR Kyushu ƴetti laana njoorndi.  

== Limlebbi yahooɓe ==
E hitaande 2020, dingiral ngal huutortenoo ko e 683 neɗɗo ñalnde kala (yaɓɓooɓe tan), tee ngal woni ko e 195ɓo e nder dingiral ɓurngal heewde yimɓe e JR Kyushu. Nokku taariindi Nokku gonɗo sara station oo ina woɗɗi laabi ngenndiiji e laabi mawɗi nokkuuji ɗii, ɗum noon alaa ɗo njulaagu mawngu woni, nokku oo ina heewi gese maaro.  

Kono nde tawnoo nde ɓadiima wuro Fukuoka e wuro Kurume, galleeji kesi mahaama e ɗii duuɓi cakkitiiɗi, nde wonti wuro yah-ngartaa.  

== Ƴeew kadi ==
Doggol nokkuuji ɗo laaɗe diwooje njolnata e nder leydi Japon 

== Tuugnorgal ==</text>
      <sha1>nwrjgqapbrl925ojm51l8rqldflnmga</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Zōshuku Station</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>43606</id>
    <revision>
      <id>183545</id>
      <timestamp>2026-08-21T10:50:54Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ilya Discuss</username>
        <id>10103</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;Gaaraas Zōshuku (蔵宿駅, Zōshuku-eki) ko gartirgal laana njoorndi to Ōaza Magarikawa, wuro Arita, diiwaan Saga. Ko laawol laana njoorndi Matsuura huutortoo ngol, ngol woni ko e laawol Nishi-Kyūshū. Diidi Laawol laana njoorndi Matsuura Laana Nishi-Kyusu Stations gonɗe saraaji ɗii ← Sarwiis → Laana Nishi-Kyusu Nishi-Arita nokkuure Kurogo Laylaytol station Stasiyoŋ oo ko leydi, ina waɗi plateauji ɗiɗi e laabi ɗiɗi. Taariindi Laawol ngenndiwal 202 Maayo A...&quot;</comment>
      <origin>183545</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1011" sha1="kquv14f04f3homofsfuxqqgimcu2wm9" xml:space="preserve">Gaaraas Zōshuku (蔵宿駅, Zōshuku-eki) ko gartirgal laana njoorndi to Ōaza Magarikawa, wuro Arita, diiwaan Saga. Ko laawol laana njoorndi Matsuura huutortoo ngol, ngol woni ko e laawol Nishi-Kyūshū. Diidi Laawol laana njoorndi Matsuura Laana Nishi-Kyusu Stations gonɗe saraaji ɗii ← Sarwiis → Laana Nishi-Kyusu Nishi-Arita nokkuure Kurogo Laylaytol station Stasiyoŋ oo ko leydi, ina waɗi plateauji ɗiɗi e laabi ɗiɗi. Taariindi Laawol ngenndiwal 202 Maayo Arita Posto Zōshuku Tariya Ñalnde 7 lewru bowte hitaande 1898 - Udditaa ngam njulaagu e laawol laana njoorndi Imari. Ñalnde 1 desaambar 1898 - Laana njoorndi Kyushu hawri e laana njoorndi Imari. Ñalnde 1 sulyee 1907 - Ministeer laawol laana njoorndi ngenndi denndaangal laabi laana njoorndi Kyushu. 1913–Mahdi station hannde sosaa. Ñalnde 1 abriil 1987 - Laanaaji diwooje mbaɗti privatiseede, ndeeɗoo jolngo roni ɗum ko JR Kyushu. Ñalnde 1 abriil 1988 - Ooɗoo dingiral roni ɗum ko laana njoorndi Matsuura. Jokkondire yaajɗe</text>
      <sha1>kquv14f04f3homofsfuxqqgimcu2wm9</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>183546</id>
      <parentid>183545</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-21T10:51:18Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ilya Discuss</username>
        <id>10103</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>183546</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1022" sha1="bbvhb2gxzu41cfjjdt6mi3lyjgod6g8" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}Gaaraas Zōshuku (蔵宿駅, Zōshuku-eki) ko gartirgal laana njoorndi to Ōaza Magarikawa, wuro Arita, diiwaan Saga. Ko laawol laana njoorndi Matsuura huutortoo ngol, ngol woni ko e laawol Nishi-Kyūshū. Diidi Laawol laana njoorndi Matsuura Laana Nishi-Kyusu Stations gonɗe saraaji ɗii ← Sarwiis → Laana Nishi-Kyusu Nishi-Arita nokkuure Kurogo Laylaytol station Stasiyoŋ oo ko leydi, ina waɗi plateauji ɗiɗi e laabi ɗiɗi. Taariindi Laawol ngenndiwal 202 Maayo Arita Posto Zōshuku Tariya Ñalnde 7 lewru bowte hitaande 1898 - Udditaa ngam njulaagu e laawol laana njoorndi Imari. Ñalnde 1 desaambar 1898 - Laana njoorndi Kyushu hawri e laana njoorndi Imari. Ñalnde 1 sulyee 1907 - Ministeer laawol laana njoorndi ngenndi denndaangal laabi laana njoorndi Kyushu. 1913–Mahdi station hannde sosaa. Ñalnde 1 abriil 1987 - Laanaaji diwooje mbaɗti privatiseede, ndeeɗoo jolngo roni ɗum ko JR Kyushu. Ñalnde 1 abriil 1988 - Ooɗoo dingiral roni ɗum ko laana njoorndi Matsuura. Jokkondire yaajɗe</text>
      <sha1>bbvhb2gxzu41cfjjdt6mi3lyjgod6g8</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>183547</id>
      <parentid>183546</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-21T10:52:09Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ilya Discuss</username>
        <id>10103</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>183547</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1028" sha1="6kl9vpqh3f2ebswy7e8909r0swk4dod" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}'''Gaaraas Zōshuku''' (蔵宿駅, Zōshuku-eki) ko gartirgal laana njoorndi to Ōaza Magarikawa, wuro Arita, diiwaan Saga. Ko laawol laana njoorndi Matsuura huutortoo ngol, ngol woni ko e laawol Nishi-Kyūshū. Diidi Laawol laana njoorndi Matsuura Laana Nishi-Kyusu Stations gonɗe saraaji ɗii ← Sarwiis → Laana Nishi-Kyusu Nishi-Arita nokkuure Kurogo Laylaytol station Stasiyoŋ oo ko leydi, ina waɗi plateauji ɗiɗi e laabi ɗiɗi. Taariindi Laawol ngenndiwal 202 Maayo Arita Posto Zōshuku Tariya Ñalnde 7 lewru bowte hitaande 1898 - Udditaa ngam njulaagu e laawol laana njoorndi Imari. Ñalnde 1 desaambar 1898 - Laana njoorndi Kyushu hawri e laana njoorndi Imari. Ñalnde 1 sulyee 1907 - Ministeer laawol laana njoorndi ngenndi denndaangal laabi laana njoorndi Kyushu. 1913–Mahdi station hannde sosaa. Ñalnde 1 abriil 1987 - Laanaaji diwooje mbaɗti privatiseede, ndeeɗoo jolngo roni ɗum ko JR Kyushu. Ñalnde 1 abriil 1988 - Ooɗoo dingiral roni ɗum ko laana njoorndi Matsuura. Jokkondire yaajɗe</text>
      <sha1>6kl9vpqh3f2ebswy7e8909r0swk4dod</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>183548</id>
      <parentid>183547</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-21T10:53:38Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ilya Discuss</username>
        <id>10103</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>183548</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1063" sha1="i9pgrjmhqsssx92sv6ul7aw2cce7ik3" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}'''Gaaraas Zōshuku''' (蔵宿駅, Zōshuku-eki) ko gartirgal laana njoorndi to Ōaza Magarikawa, wuro Arita, diiwaan Saga. 

== Ko laawol ==
laana njoorndi Matsuura huutortoo ngol, ngol woni ko e laawol Nishi-Kyūshū.

Diidi Laawol laana njoorndi Matsuura Laana Nishi-Kyusu Stations gonɗe saraaji ɗii ← Sarwiis → Laana Nishi-Kyusu Nishi-Arita nokkuure Kurogo Laylaytol station Stasiyoŋ oo ko leydi, ina waɗi plateauji ɗiɗi 

== e laabi ɗiɗi. ==
Taariindi Laawol ngenndiwal 202 Maayo Arita Posto Zōshuku Tariya Ñalnde 7 lewru bowte hitaande 1898 - Udditaa ngam njulaagu e laawol laana njoorndi Imari. Ñalnde 1 desaambar 1898 - Laana njoorndi Kyushu hawri e laana njoorndi Imari. Ñalnde 1 sulyee 1907 - Ministeer laawol laana njoorndi ngenndi denndaangal laabi laana njoorndi Kyushu. 

== 1913–Mahdi ==
station hannde sosaa. Ñalnde 1 abriil 1987 - Laanaaji diwooje mbaɗti privatiseede, ndeeɗoo jolngo roni ɗum ko JR Kyushu. 

Ñalnde 1 abriil 1988 - Ooɗoo dingiral roni ɗum ko laana njoorndi Matsuura. 

== Jokkondire yaajɗe ==</text>
      <sha1>i9pgrjmhqsssx92sv6ul7aw2cce7ik3</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Yoshii Station (Nagasaki)</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>43607</id>
    <revision>
      <id>183549</id>
      <timestamp>2026-08-21T10:55:02Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ilya Discuss</username>
        <id>10103</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;Gaaraas Yoshii (吉井駅, Yoshii-eki) ko gartirgal laana njoorndi to Yoshii-chō Ōwatari, Sasebo, diiwaan Nagasaki. Ko laawol laana njoorndi Matsuura huutortoo ngol, ngol woni ko e laawol Nishi-Kyūshū. Diidi Laawol laana njoorndi Matsuura Laana Nishi-Kyusu Stations gonɗe saraaji ɗii ← Sarwiis → Senryūgataki Nishi-Kyushū Line Kōda Laylaytol station Stasiyoŋ oo ko leydi ina waɗi 2 plateau e 2 piste. Taariindi Laawol ngenndiwal 204 Shiwa Banki Yoshii Posto Yo...&quot;</comment>
      <origin>183549</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="983" sha1="1ks3xyffvqcw3486uyzaem7xwlmfvo9" xml:space="preserve">Gaaraas Yoshii (吉井駅, Yoshii-eki) ko gartirgal laana njoorndi to Yoshii-chō Ōwatari, Sasebo, diiwaan Nagasaki. Ko laawol laana njoorndi Matsuura huutortoo ngol, ngol woni ko e laawol Nishi-Kyūshū. Diidi Laawol laana njoorndi Matsuura Laana Nishi-Kyusu Stations gonɗe saraaji ɗii ← Sarwiis → Senryūgataki Nishi-Kyushū Line Kōda Laylaytol station Stasiyoŋ oo ko leydi ina waɗi 2 plateau e 2 piste. Taariindi Laawol ngenndiwal 204 Shiwa Banki Yoshii Posto Yoshii Ofis wuro Sasebo Yoshii nokku njuɓɓudi Tariya 24 oktoobar 1933 - Udditaa ngam golloraade ko Gare Yoshii. 18 abriil 1934 - Innde mum wayliima wonti Stasiyoŋ Hizen-Yoshii (Hizen-Yoshii-eki) . 1 abriil 1987 - Laabi njamndi mbaɗti privatiseede, ndeeɗoo jolngo roni ko JR Kyushu. 1 abriil 1988 - Ooɗoo dingiral roni ɗum ko laawol laana njoorndi Matsuura, innde mum wayli innde hannde ndee. Tuugnorgal Deftere hitaande limto Nagasaki (taƴre limto birooji prefektuur Nagasaki, Japon) Jokkondire yaajɗe</text>
      <sha1>1ks3xyffvqcw3486uyzaem7xwlmfvo9</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>183550</id>
      <parentid>183549</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-21T10:55:25Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ilya Discuss</username>
        <id>10103</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>183550</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="994" sha1="48pe3f8332dpmpz93mz73q5f1v0xao8" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}Gaaraas Yoshii (吉井駅, Yoshii-eki) ko gartirgal laana njoorndi to Yoshii-chō Ōwatari, Sasebo, diiwaan Nagasaki. Ko laawol laana njoorndi Matsuura huutortoo ngol, ngol woni ko e laawol Nishi-Kyūshū. Diidi Laawol laana njoorndi Matsuura Laana Nishi-Kyusu Stations gonɗe saraaji ɗii ← Sarwiis → Senryūgataki Nishi-Kyushū Line Kōda Laylaytol station Stasiyoŋ oo ko leydi ina waɗi 2 plateau e 2 piste. Taariindi Laawol ngenndiwal 204 Shiwa Banki Yoshii Posto Yoshii Ofis wuro Sasebo Yoshii nokku njuɓɓudi Tariya 24 oktoobar 1933 - Udditaa ngam golloraade ko Gare Yoshii. 18 abriil 1934 - Innde mum wayliima wonti Stasiyoŋ Hizen-Yoshii (Hizen-Yoshii-eki) . 1 abriil 1987 - Laabi njamndi mbaɗti privatiseede, ndeeɗoo jolngo roni ko JR Kyushu. 1 abriil 1988 - Ooɗoo dingiral roni ɗum ko laawol laana njoorndi Matsuura, innde mum wayli innde hannde ndee. Tuugnorgal Deftere hitaande limto Nagasaki (taƴre limto birooji prefektuur Nagasaki, Japon) Jokkondire yaajɗe</text>
      <sha1>48pe3f8332dpmpz93mz73q5f1v0xao8</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>183551</id>
      <parentid>183550</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-21T10:57:21Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ilya Discuss</username>
        <id>10103</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>183551</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1031" sha1="15aqvgrf4qadvjds4yr9l00z9lvze05" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}'''Gaaraas Yoshii''' (吉井駅, Yoshii-eki) ko gartirgal laana njoorndi to Yoshii-chō Ōwatari, Sasebo, diiwaan Nagasaki. 

== Ko laawol laana ==
njoorndi Matsuura huutortoo ngol, ngol woni ko e laawol Nishi-Kyūshū. Diidi Laawol laana njoorndi Matsuura Laana Nishi-Kyusu Stations gonɗe saraaji ɗii ← Sarwiis → Senryūgataki Nishi-Kyushū Line Kōda Laylaytol station Stasiyoŋ oo ko leydi ina waɗi 2 plateau e 2 piste. Taariindi Laawol ngenndiwal 204 Shiwa Banki Yoshii Posto Yoshii Ofis wuro Sasebo Yoshii nokku njuɓɓudi Tariya 24 oktoobar 1933 - Udditaa ngam golloraade ko Gare Yoshii. 18 abriil 1934 - Innde mum wayliima wonti Stasiyoŋ Hizen-Yoshii (Hizen-Yoshii-eki) .

== 1 abriil 1987 ==
- Laabi njamndi mbaɗti privatiseede, ndeeɗoo jolngo roni ko JR Kyushu. 

== 1 abriil 1988 ==
- Ooɗoo dingiral roni ɗum ko laawol laana njoorndi Matsuura, innde mum wayli innde hannde ndee. Tuugnorgal Deftere hitaande limto Nagasaki (taƴre limto birooji prefektuur Nagasaki, Japon) 

== Jokkondire yaajɗe ==</text>
      <sha1>15aqvgrf4qadvjds4yr9l00z9lvze05</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Yayoigaoka Station</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>43608</id>
    <revision>
      <id>183552</id>
      <timestamp>2026-08-21T10:59:13Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ilya Discuss</username>
        <id>10103</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;Gaaraas Yayoigaoka (弥生が丘駅, Yayoigaoka-eki) ko gartirgal laana njoorndi njoorndi, woni ko e wuro Tosu, e nder diiwaan Saga, to leydi Japon. Ko JR Kyushu woni gollorde nde. Diidi Stasiyoŋ oo ina huutoree e laana mawka Kagoshima, ina woni 103,5 km e nokku ɗo laana kaa fuɗɗotoo to Mojikō. Tooɓere Staasiyoŋ oo ina waɗi jolɗe ɗiɗi duuɗe kuutortooɗe laabi nay, jokkondirɗi e galle staasiyoŋ toowɗo. Mahdi station oo ina waɗi gollotooɓe. Plateauji 1 ■...&quot;</comment>
      <origin>183552</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1213" sha1="00lvirtftu8z4w3iuqoov5d1lau6a8n" xml:space="preserve">Gaaraas Yayoigaoka (弥生が丘駅, Yayoigaoka-eki) ko gartirgal laana njoorndi njoorndi, woni ko e wuro Tosu, e nder diiwaan Saga, to leydi Japon. Ko JR Kyushu woni gollorde nde. Diidi Stasiyoŋ oo ina huutoree e laana mawka Kagoshima, ina woni 103,5 km e nokku ɗo laana kaa fuɗɗotoo to Mojikō. Tooɓere Staasiyoŋ oo ina waɗi jolɗe ɗiɗi duuɗe kuutortooɗe laabi nay, jokkondirɗi e galle staasiyoŋ toowɗo. Mahdi station oo ina waɗi gollotooɓe. Plateauji 1 ■ Laana mawka JB Kagoshima ngam Kokura e Hakata 2 ■ Laana mawka JB Kagoshima ngam Kurume, Ōmuta Yiyngo e laylayti station. Yiyngo e laylayti station. Tariya Staasiyoŋ oo udditaa ko JR Kyushu ñalnde 3 marse 2001, ko ɗum staasiyoŋ ɓeydaaɗo e laawol Kagoshima Main Line gonngol ngol. Limlebbi yahooɓe E hitaande 2020, dingiral ngal huutortenoo ko e 1041 yahoowo ñalnde kala (yaɓɓooɓe tan), tee ngal woni ko e 128ɓo e dingiral ɓurngal heewde yimɓe e JR Kyushu. Nokku taariindi Jokkondire Tosu (Laawol mawngol Kyūshū, laawol mawngol Nagasaki e laawol mawngol Ōita) Laawol leydi Japon 3 Laawol lesdi Japon 34 Tosu ko ɓuri heewde e yeeyirdu Ƴeew kadi Doggol nokkuuji ɗo laaɗe diwooje njolnata e nder leydi Japon Tuugnorgal</text>
      <sha1>00lvirtftu8z4w3iuqoov5d1lau6a8n</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>183553</id>
      <parentid>183552</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-21T11:00:08Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ilya Discuss</username>
        <id>10103</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>183553</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1224" sha1="i3g7y06ofql96b11cpyj3ncw3c3liwb" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}Gaaraas Yayoigaoka (弥生が丘駅, Yayoigaoka-eki) ko gartirgal laana njoorndi njoorndi, woni ko e wuro Tosu, e nder diiwaan Saga, to leydi Japon. Ko JR Kyushu woni gollorde nde. Diidi Stasiyoŋ oo ina huutoree e laana mawka Kagoshima, ina woni 103,5 km e nokku ɗo laana kaa fuɗɗotoo to Mojikō. Tooɓere Staasiyoŋ oo ina waɗi jolɗe ɗiɗi duuɗe kuutortooɗe laabi nay, jokkondirɗi e galle staasiyoŋ toowɗo. Mahdi station oo ina waɗi gollotooɓe. Plateauji 1 ■ Laana mawka JB Kagoshima ngam Kokura e Hakata 2 ■ Laana mawka JB Kagoshima ngam Kurume, Ōmuta Yiyngo e laylayti station. Yiyngo e laylayti station. Tariya Staasiyoŋ oo udditaa ko JR Kyushu ñalnde 3 marse 2001, ko ɗum staasiyoŋ ɓeydaaɗo e laawol Kagoshima Main Line gonngol ngol. Limlebbi yahooɓe E hitaande 2020, dingiral ngal huutortenoo ko e 1041 yahoowo ñalnde kala (yaɓɓooɓe tan), tee ngal woni ko e 128ɓo e dingiral ɓurngal heewde yimɓe e JR Kyushu. Nokku taariindi Jokkondire Tosu (Laawol mawngol Kyūshū, laawol mawngol Nagasaki e laawol mawngol Ōita) Laawol leydi Japon 3 Laawol lesdi Japon 34 Tosu ko ɓuri heewde e yeeyirdu Ƴeew kadi Doggol nokkuuji ɗo laaɗe diwooje njolnata e nder leydi Japon Tuugnorgal</text>
      <sha1>i3g7y06ofql96b11cpyj3ncw3c3liwb</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>183554</id>
      <parentid>183553</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-21T11:02:14Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ilya Discuss</username>
        <id>10103</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>183554</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1274" sha1="qrq9b6wx5fvztfreeujgs9h9h2ainuj" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}'''Gaaraas Yayoigaoka''' (弥生が丘駅, Yayoigaoka-eki) ko gartirgal laana njoorndi njoorndi, woni ko e wuro Tosu, e nder diiwaan Saga, to leydi Japon. 

== Ko JR Kyushu ==
woni gollorde nde. 

Diidi Stasiyoŋ oo ina huutoree e laana mawka Kagoshima, ina woni 103,5 km e nokku ɗo laana kaa fuɗɗotoo to Mojikō. 

Tooɓere Staasiyoŋ oo ina waɗi jolɗe ɗiɗi duuɗe kuutortooɗe laabi nay, jokkondirɗi e galle staasiyoŋ toowɗo. 

== Mahdi station oo ina waɗi gollotooɓe. ==
Plateauji 1 ■ Laana mawka JB Kagoshima ngam Kokura e Hakata 2 ■ Laana mawka JB Kagoshima ngam Kurume, Ōmuta Yiyngo e laylayti station. Yiyngo e laylayti station. Tariya Staasiyoŋ oo udditaa ko JR Kyushu ñalnde 3 marse 2001, ko ɗum staasiyoŋ ɓeydaaɗo e laawol Kagoshima Main Line gonngol ngol. Limlebbi yahooɓe E hitaande 2020, dingiral ngal huutortenoo ko e 1041 yahoowo ñalnde kala (yaɓɓooɓe tan), tee ngal woni ko e 128ɓo e dingiral ɓurngal heewde yimɓe e JR Kyushu. 

== Nokku taariindi ==
Jokkondire Tosu (Laawol mawngol Kyūshū, laawol mawngol Nagasaki e laawol mawngol Ōita) Laawol leydi Japon 3 Laawol lesdi Japon 34 Tosu ko ɓuri heewde e yeeyirdu 

== Ƴeew kadi ==
Doggol nokkuuji ɗo laaɗe diwooje njolnata e nder leydi Japon 

== Tuugnorgal ==</text>
      <sha1>qrq9b6wx5fvztfreeujgs9h9h2ainuj</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>183555</id>
      <parentid>183554</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-21T11:02:57Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ilya Discuss</username>
        <id>10103</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>183555</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1479" sha1="cxuodocpgh1bgy8ssvqkt7bxmcc3juv" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}'''Gaaraas Yayoigaoka''' (弥生が丘駅, Yayoigaoka-eki) ko gartirgal laana njoorndi njoorndi, woni ko e wuro Tosu, e nder diiwaan Saga, to leydi Japon..&lt;ref name=&quot;stationmap&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.jrkyushu.co.jp/english/pdf/jrkyushu_routemap_en.pdf|title=JR Kyushu Route Map|publisher=JR Kyushu|access-date=23 February 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;hacchi&quot; /&gt; 

== Ko JR Kyushu ==
woni gollorde nde. 

Diidi Stasiyoŋ oo ina huutoree e laana mawka Kagoshima, ina woni 103,5 km e nokku ɗo laana kaa fuɗɗotoo to Mojikō. 

Tooɓere Staasiyoŋ oo ina waɗi jolɗe ɗiɗi duuɗe kuutortooɗe laabi nay, jokkondirɗi e galle staasiyoŋ toowɗo. 

== Mahdi station oo ina waɗi gollotooɓe. ==
Plateauji 1 ■ Laana mawka JB Kagoshima ngam Kokura e Hakata 2 ■ Laana mawka JB Kagoshima ngam Kurume, Ōmuta Yiyngo e laylayti station. Yiyngo e laylayti station. Tariya Staasiyoŋ oo udditaa ko JR Kyushu ñalnde 3 marse 2001, ko ɗum staasiyoŋ ɓeydaaɗo e laawol Kagoshima Main Line gonngol ngol. Limlebbi yahooɓe E hitaande 2020, dingiral ngal huutortenoo ko e 1041 yahoowo ñalnde kala (yaɓɓooɓe tan), tee ngal woni ko e 128ɓo e dingiral ɓurngal heewde yimɓe e JR Kyushu. 

== Nokku taariindi ==
Jokkondire Tosu (Laawol mawngol Kyūshū, laawol mawngol Nagasaki e laawol mawngol Ōita) Laawol leydi Japon 3 Laawol lesdi Japon 34 Tosu ko ɓuri heewde e yeeyirdu 

== Ƴeew kadi ==
Doggol nokkuuji ɗo laaɗe diwooje njolnata e nder leydi Japon 

== Tuugnorgal ==</text>
      <sha1>cxuodocpgh1bgy8ssvqkt7bxmcc3juv</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>183556</id>
      <parentid>183555</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-21T11:03:42Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ilya Discuss</username>
        <id>10103</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>183556</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1868" sha1="n9r4z123yqe2p27so6u07qruwakkzwd" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}'''Gaaraas Yayoigaoka''' (弥生が丘駅, Yayoigaoka-eki) ko gartirgal laana njoorndi njoorndi, woni ko e wuro Tosu, e nder diiwaan Saga, to leydi Japon..&lt;ref name=&quot;stationmap&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.jrkyushu.co.jp/english/pdf/jrkyushu_routemap_en.pdf|title=JR Kyushu Route Map|publisher=JR Kyushu|access-date=23 February 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;hacchi&quot; /&gt; 

== Ko JR Kyushu ==
woni gollorde nde. 

Diidi Stasiyoŋ oo ina huutoree e laana mawka Kagoshima, ina woni 103,5 km e nokku ɗo laana kaa fuɗɗotoo to Mojikō. 

Tooɓere Staasiyoŋ oo ina waɗi jolɗe ɗiɗi duuɗe kuutortooɗe laabi nay, jokkondirɗi e galle staasiyoŋ toowɗo.&lt;ref name=&quot;kawashima&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Kawashima|first=Ryōzō|script-title=ja: 図説: 日本の鉄道 四国・九州ライン 全線・全駅・全配線・第4巻 福岡エリア|year=2013|publisher=Kodansha|isbn=9784062951630|trans-title=Japan Railways Illustrated. Shikoku and Kyushu. All lines, all stations, all track layouts. Volume 4 Fukuoka Area|language=ja|pages=27, 68}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Mahdi station oo ina waɗi gollotooɓe. ==
Plateauji 1 ■ Laana mawka JB Kagoshima ngam Kokura e Hakata 2 ■ Laana mawka JB Kagoshima ngam Kurume, Ōmuta Yiyngo e laylayti station. Yiyngo e laylayti station. Tariya Staasiyoŋ oo udditaa ko JR Kyushu ñalnde 3 marse 2001, ko ɗum staasiyoŋ ɓeydaaɗo e laawol Kagoshima Main Line gonngol ngol. Limlebbi yahooɓe E hitaande 2020, dingiral ngal huutortenoo ko e 1041 yahoowo ñalnde kala (yaɓɓooɓe tan), tee ngal woni ko e 128ɓo e dingiral ɓurngal heewde yimɓe e JR Kyushu. 

== Nokku taariindi ==
Jokkondire Tosu (Laawol mawngol Kyūshū, laawol mawngol Nagasaki e laawol mawngol Ōita) Laawol leydi Japon 3 Laawol lesdi Japon 34 Tosu ko ɓuri heewde e yeeyirdu 

== Ƴeew kadi ==
Doggol nokkuuji ɗo laaɗe diwooje njolnata e nder leydi Japon 

== Tuugnorgal ==</text>
      <sha1>n9r4z123yqe2p27so6u07qruwakkzwd</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>183557</id>
      <parentid>183556</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-21T11:04:40Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ilya Discuss</username>
        <id>10103</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>183557</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2047" sha1="rrmc7mj6z894teyu0u3f5vldwopzloa" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}'''Gaaraas Yayoigaoka''' (弥生が丘駅, Yayoigaoka-eki) ko gartirgal laana njoorndi njoorndi, woni ko e wuro Tosu, e nder diiwaan Saga, to leydi Japon..&lt;ref name=&quot;stationmap&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.jrkyushu.co.jp/english/pdf/jrkyushu_routemap_en.pdf|title=JR Kyushu Route Map|publisher=JR Kyushu|access-date=23 February 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;hacchi&quot; /&gt; 

== Ko JR Kyushu ==
woni gollorde nde. 

Diidi Stasiyoŋ oo ina huutoree e laana mawka Kagoshima, ina woni 103,5 km e nokku ɗo laana kaa fuɗɗotoo to Mojikō. 

Tooɓere Staasiyoŋ oo ina waɗi jolɗe ɗiɗi duuɗe kuutortooɗe laabi nay, jokkondirɗi e galle staasiyoŋ toowɗo.&lt;ref name=&quot;kawashima&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Kawashima|first=Ryōzō|script-title=ja: 図説: 日本の鉄道 四国・九州ライン 全線・全駅・全配線・第4巻 福岡エリア|year=2013|publisher=Kodansha|isbn=9784062951630|trans-title=Japan Railways Illustrated. Shikoku and Kyushu. All lines, all stations, all track layouts. Volume 4 Fukuoka Area|language=ja|pages=27, 68}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Mahdi station oo ina waɗi gollotooɓe. ==
Plateauji 1 ■ Laana mawka JB Kagoshima ngam Kokura e Hakata 2 ■ Laana mawka JB Kagoshima ngam Kurume, Ōmuta Yiyngo e laylayti station. Yiyngo e laylayti station. Tariya Staasiyoŋ oo udditaa ko JR Kyushu ñalnde 3 marse 2001, ko ɗum staasiyoŋ ɓeydaaɗo e laawol Kagoshima Main Line gonngol ngol. Limlebbi yahooɓe E hitaande 2020, dingiral ngal huutortenoo ko e 1041 yahoowo ñalnde kala (yaɓɓooɓe tan), tee ngal woni ko e 128ɓo e dingiral ɓurngal heewde yimɓe e JR Kyushu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=駅別乗車人員上位300駅（2020年度）|url=https://www.jrkyushu.co.jp/company/info/data/pdf/2020ekibetsu.pdf|format=PDF|accessdate=2023-09-08}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Nokku taariindi ==
Jokkondire Tosu (Laawol mawngol Kyūshū, laawol mawngol Nagasaki e laawol mawngol Ōita) Laawol leydi Japon 3 Laawol lesdi Japon 34 Tosu ko ɓuri heewde e yeeyirdu 

== Ƴeew kadi ==
Doggol nokkuuji ɗo laaɗe diwooje njolnata e nder leydi Japon 

== Tuugnorgal ==</text>
      <sha1>rrmc7mj6z894teyu0u3f5vldwopzloa</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>183558</id>
      <parentid>183557</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-21T11:05:06Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ilya Discuss</username>
        <id>10103</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>183558</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2026" sha1="ed1u2j4p7qjaujkc937863j17t6ey7f" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}'''Gaaraas Yayoigaoka''' (弥生が丘駅, Yayoigaoka-eki) ko gartirgal laana njoorndi njoorndi, woni ko e wuro Tosu, e nder diiwaan Saga, to leydi Japon..&lt;ref name=&quot;stationmap&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.jrkyushu.co.jp/english/pdf/jrkyushu_routemap_en.pdf|title=JR Kyushu Route Map|publisher=JR Kyushu|access-date=23 February 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Ko JR Kyushu ==
woni gollorde nde. 

Diidi Stasiyoŋ oo ina huutoree e laana mawka Kagoshima, ina woni 103,5 km e nokku ɗo laana kaa fuɗɗotoo to Mojikō. 

Tooɓere Staasiyoŋ oo ina waɗi jolɗe ɗiɗi duuɗe kuutortooɗe laabi nay, jokkondirɗi e galle staasiyoŋ toowɗo.&lt;ref name=&quot;kawashima&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Kawashima|first=Ryōzō|script-title=ja: 図説: 日本の鉄道 四国・九州ライン 全線・全駅・全配線・第4巻 福岡エリア|year=2013|publisher=Kodansha|isbn=9784062951630|trans-title=Japan Railways Illustrated. Shikoku and Kyushu. All lines, all stations, all track layouts. Volume 4 Fukuoka Area|language=ja|pages=27, 68}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Mahdi station oo ina waɗi gollotooɓe. ==
Plateauji 1 ■ Laana mawka JB Kagoshima ngam Kokura e Hakata 2 ■ Laana mawka JB Kagoshima ngam Kurume, Ōmuta Yiyngo e laylayti station. Yiyngo e laylayti station. Tariya Staasiyoŋ oo udditaa ko JR Kyushu ñalnde 3 marse 2001, ko ɗum staasiyoŋ ɓeydaaɗo e laawol Kagoshima Main Line gonngol ngol. Limlebbi yahooɓe E hitaande 2020, dingiral ngal huutortenoo ko e 1041 yahoowo ñalnde kala (yaɓɓooɓe tan), tee ngal woni ko e 128ɓo e dingiral ɓurngal heewde yimɓe e JR Kyushu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=駅別乗車人員上位300駅（2020年度）|url=https://www.jrkyushu.co.jp/company/info/data/pdf/2020ekibetsu.pdf|format=PDF|accessdate=2023-09-08}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Nokku taariindi ==
Jokkondire Tosu (Laawol mawngol Kyūshū, laawol mawngol Nagasaki e laawol mawngol Ōita) Laawol leydi Japon 3 Laawol lesdi Japon 34 Tosu ko ɓuri heewde e yeeyirdu 

== Ƴeew kadi ==
Doggol nokkuuji ɗo laaɗe diwooje njolnata e nder leydi Japon 

== Tuugnorgal ==</text>
      <sha1>ed1u2j4p7qjaujkc937863j17t6ey7f</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Ureshino-Onsen Station</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>43609</id>
    <revision>
      <id>183559</id>
      <timestamp>2026-08-21T11:06:50Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ilya Discuss</username>
        <id>10103</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;Gaaraas Ureshino-Onsen (japon: 嬉野温泉駅, Hepburn: Ureshino-Onsen-eki ) ko gaaraas laaɗe diwooje mahaaɗo to Ureshino, Saga, Japon, ko sosiyetee laana njoorndi Kiyushu (JR Kyushu). Diidi Ko jolngo Ureshino-Onsen woni ko e laana ndiwoowa Nishi Kyushu. Nde tawnoo wonaa jolngo mawngo e laana kaa, ko ina wona feccere e otooji ɗii fof ina rewa e ooɗoo jolngo tawa ngoppaani. Plateauji Staasiyoŋ oo ina waɗi laylayti ɗiɗi banngeeji kuutortooɗi laabi ɗiɗi. Lonnger...&quot;</comment>
      <origin>183559</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="715" sha1="1vfeb8322krpwco8207ne0uh4pd3omk" xml:space="preserve">Gaaraas Ureshino-Onsen (japon: 嬉野温泉駅, Hepburn: Ureshino-Onsen-eki ) ko gaaraas laaɗe diwooje mahaaɗo to Ureshino, Saga, Japon, ko sosiyetee laana njoorndi Kiyushu (JR Kyushu). Diidi Ko jolngo Ureshino-Onsen woni ko e laana ndiwoowa Nishi Kyushu. Nde tawnoo wonaa jolngo mawngo e laana kaa, ko ina wona feccere e otooji ɗii fof ina rewa e ooɗoo jolngo tawa ngoppaani. Plateauji Staasiyoŋ oo ina waɗi laylayti ɗiɗi banngeeji kuutortooɗi laabi ɗiɗi. Lonngere yahooɓe fuɗnaange Takeo-Onsen ina njooɗii e nokku 11, lonooji hirnaange Nagasaki ina njooɗii e nokku 12. Tariya Stasiyoŋ Ureshino-Onsen udditaa ko ñalnde 23 suwee 2022 nde laana ndiwoowa Nishi Kyushu fuɗɗii golle ngalu. Tuugnorgal</text>
      <sha1>1vfeb8322krpwco8207ne0uh4pd3omk</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>183560</id>
      <parentid>183559</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-21T11:08:02Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ilya Discuss</username>
        <id>10103</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>183560</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="729" sha1="5ikxb7xlgnzfu9f2vfulzo13zyj6pao" xml:space="preserve">'''Gaaraas Ureshino-Onsen''' (japon: 嬉野温泉駅, Hepburn: Ureshino-Onsen-eki ) ko gaaraas laaɗe diwooje mahaaɗo to Ureshino, Saga, Japon, ko sosiyetee laana njoorndi Kiyushu (JR Kyushu). Diidi Ko jolngo Ureshino-Onsen woni ko e laana ndiwoowa Nishi Kyushu. Nde tawnoo wonaa jolngo mawngo e laana kaa, ko ina wona feccere e otooji ɗii fof ina rewa e ooɗoo jolngo tawa ngoppaani. Plateauji Staasiyoŋ oo ina waɗi laylayti ɗiɗi banngeeji kuutortooɗi laabi ɗiɗi. Lonngere yahooɓe fuɗnaange Takeo-Onsen ina njooɗii e nokku 11, lonooji hirnaange Nagasaki ina njooɗii e nokku 12. Tariya Stasiyoŋ Ureshino-Onsen udditaa ko ñalnde 23 suwee 2022 nde laana ndiwoowa Nishi Kyushu fuɗɗii golle ngalu. 

== Tuugnorgal ==</text>
      <sha1>5ikxb7xlgnzfu9f2vfulzo13zyj6pao</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>183561</id>
      <parentid>183560</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-21T11:08:40Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ilya Discuss</username>
        <id>10103</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>183561</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="742" sha1="fvrm6q6lnptijeusly1yldb6ic3kfvb" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}

'''Gaaraas Ureshino-Onsen''' (japon: 嬉野温泉駅, Hepburn: Ureshino-Onsen-eki ) ko gaaraas laaɗe diwooje mahaaɗo to Ureshino, Saga, Japon, ko sosiyetee laana njoorndi Kiyushu (JR Kyushu). Diidi Ko jolngo Ureshino-Onsen woni ko e laana ndiwoowa Nishi Kyushu. Nde tawnoo wonaa jolngo mawngo e laana kaa, ko ina wona feccere e otooji ɗii fof ina rewa e ooɗoo jolngo tawa ngoppaani. Plateauji Staasiyoŋ oo ina waɗi laylayti ɗiɗi banngeeji kuutortooɗi laabi ɗiɗi. Lonngere yahooɓe fuɗnaange Takeo-Onsen ina njooɗii e nokku 11, lonooji hirnaange Nagasaki ina njooɗii e nokku 12. Tariya Stasiyoŋ Ureshino-Onsen udditaa ko ñalnde 23 suwee 2022 nde laana ndiwoowa Nishi Kyushu fuɗɗii golle ngalu. 

== Tuugnorgal ==</text>
      <sha1>fvrm6q6lnptijeusly1yldb6ic3kfvb</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>183562</id>
      <parentid>183561</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-21T11:09:32Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ilya Discuss</username>
        <id>10103</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>183562</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="769" sha1="gzv6s5jpo4lldaezl7qqo75p78frzw5" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}

'''Gaaraas Ureshino-Onsen''' (japon: 嬉野温泉駅, Hepburn: Ureshino-Onsen-eki ) ko gaaraas laaɗe diwooje mahaaɗo to Ureshino, Saga, Japon, ko sosiyetee laana njoorndi Kiyushu (JR Kyushu). Diidi Ko jolngo Ureshino-Onsen woni ko e laana ndiwoowa Nishi Kyushu.  

== Nde tawnoo ==
wonaa jolngo mawngo e laana kaa, ko ina wona feccere e otooji ɗii fof ina rewa e ooɗoo jolngo tawa ngoppaani.  

== Plateauji Staasiyoŋ ==
oo ina waɗi laylayti ɗiɗi banngeeji kuutortooɗi laabi ɗiɗi. Lonngere yahooɓe fuɗnaange Takeo-Onsen ina njooɗii e nokku 11, lonooji hirnaange Nagasaki ina njooɗii e nokku 12.  

== Tariya Stasiyoŋ ==
Ureshino-Onsen udditaa ko ñalnde 23 suwee 2022 nde laana ndiwoowa Nishi Kyushu fuɗɗii golle ngalu. 

== Tuugnorgal ==</text>
      <sha1>gzv6s5jpo4lldaezl7qqo75p78frzw5</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>183563</id>
      <parentid>183562</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-21T11:10:15Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ilya Discuss</username>
        <id>10103</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>183563</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="950" sha1="9d08g8mq2jevlcla6nttqvqzl4xntbc" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}

'''Gaaraas Ureshino-Onsen''' (japon: 嬉野温泉駅, Hepburn: Ureshino-Onsen-eki ) ko gaaraas laaɗe diwooje mahaaɗo to Ureshino, Saga, Japon, ko sosiyetee laana njoorndi Kiyushu (JR Kyushu). Diidi Ko jolngo Ureshino-Onsen woni ko e laana ndiwoowa Nishi Kyushu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=JR Kyushu Timetable|url=https://www.jrkyushu.co.jp/english/pdf/timetable_20220923_20230228.pdf|access-date=1 October 2023|website=JR Kyushu|pages=6–8}}&lt;/ref&gt;  

== Nde tawnoo ==
wonaa jolngo mawngo e laana kaa, ko ina wona feccere e otooji ɗii fof ina rewa e ooɗoo jolngo tawa ngoppaani.  

== Plateauji Staasiyoŋ ==
oo ina waɗi laylayti ɗiɗi banngeeji kuutortooɗi laabi ɗiɗi. Lonngere yahooɓe fuɗnaange Takeo-Onsen ina njooɗii e nokku 11, lonooji hirnaange Nagasaki ina njooɗii e nokku 12.  

== Tariya Stasiyoŋ ==
Ureshino-Onsen udditaa ko ñalnde 23 suwee 2022 nde laana ndiwoowa Nishi Kyushu fuɗɗii golle ngalu. 

== Tuugnorgal ==</text>
      <sha1>9d08g8mq2jevlcla6nttqvqzl4xntbc</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>183564</id>
      <parentid>183563</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-21T11:11:19Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ilya Discuss</username>
        <id>10103</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>183564</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1506" sha1="0vyjmy5gs7kaynxbg1ouso5jz5xer07" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}

'''Gaaraas Ureshino-Onsen''' (japon: 嬉野温泉駅, Hepburn: Ureshino-Onsen-eki ) ko gaaraas laaɗe diwooje mahaaɗo to Ureshino, Saga, Japon, ko sosiyetee laana njoorndi Kiyushu (JR Kyushu). 

Diidi Ko jolngo Ureshino-Onsen woni ko e laana ndiwoowa Nishi Kyushu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=JR Kyushu Timetable|url=https://www.jrkyushu.co.jp/english/pdf/timetable_20220923_20230228.pdf|access-date=1 October 2023|website=JR Kyushu|pages=6–8}}&lt;/ref&gt;  

== Nde tawnoo ==
wonaa jolngo mawngo e laana kaa, ko ina wona feccere e otooji ɗii fof ina rewa e ooɗoo jolngo tawa ngoppaani.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=23 September 2022|title=西九州新幹線が開業、「かもめ」が出発…博多―長崎間は３０分短い最速１時間２０分に|trans-title=Nishikyushu Shinkansen opens, &quot;Kamome&quot; is abolished, Hakata-Nagasaki in 1 hour and 20 minutes|url=https://www.yomiuri.co.jp/national/20220923-OYT1T50120/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220923003230/https://www.yomiuri.co.jp/national/20220923-OYT1T50120/|archive-date=23 September 2022|access-date=27 December 2022|website=Yomiuri Shimbun DIGITAL|language=ja}}&lt;/ref&gt;  

== Plateauji Staasiyoŋ ==
oo ina waɗi laylayti ɗiɗi banngeeji kuutortooɗi laabi ɗiɗi. Lonngere yahooɓe fuɗnaange Takeo-Onsen ina njooɗii e nokku 11, lonooji hirnaange Nagasaki ina njooɗii e nokku 12.  

== Tariya Stasiyoŋ ==
Ureshino-Onsen udditaa ko ñalnde 23 suwee 2022 nde laana ndiwoowa Nishi Kyushu fuɗɗii golle ngalu. 

== Tuugnorgal ==</text>
      <sha1>0vyjmy5gs7kaynxbg1ouso5jz5xer07</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Urasoe-Maeda Station</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>43610</id>
    <revision>
      <id>183565</id>
      <timestamp>2026-08-21T11:13:02Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ilya Discuss</username>
        <id>10103</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;Gaaraas Urasoe-Maeda (浦添前田駅, Urasoe-Maeda-eki) ko gartirgal laana njoorndi e nder wuro Okinawa (Yui Rail) to Urasoe, e nder diiwaan Okinawa, Japon. Diidi Monorail wuro Okinawa Tooɓere Staasiyoŋ oo ina waɗi plateau duunde wootere toownde ina huutoroo laabi ɗiɗi. Plateauji 1 ■ Laana ndiwoowa wuro Okinawa ngam Tedako-Uranishi 2 ■ Monorail wuro Okinawa ngam yahde laana ndiwoowa Naha Tariya Staasiyoŋ oo udditaa ko ñalnde 1 oktoobar 2019 e nder ɓeydagol k...&quot;</comment>
      <origin>183565</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="695" sha1="nycy9zr4e18f717p1cxo4djj43lo2if" xml:space="preserve">Gaaraas Urasoe-Maeda (浦添前田駅, Urasoe-Maeda-eki) ko gartirgal laana njoorndi e nder wuro Okinawa (Yui Rail) to Urasoe, e nder diiwaan Okinawa, Japon. Diidi Monorail wuro Okinawa Tooɓere Staasiyoŋ oo ina waɗi plateau duunde wootere toownde ina huutoroo laabi ɗiɗi. Plateauji 1 ■ Laana ndiwoowa wuro Okinawa ngam Tedako-Uranishi 2 ■ Monorail wuro Okinawa ngam yahde laana ndiwoowa Naha Tariya Staasiyoŋ oo udditaa ko ñalnde 1 oktoobar 2019 e nder ɓeydagol kesol ummoraade Shuri haa Tedako-Uranishi. Tuugnorgal &quot;ゆいレール延伸、4.1キロ、新4駅で駅開き」/沖縄&quot; (e ɗemngal Japon). Shimbun Mainichi. 2 oktoobar 2019. Wonande 31 oktoobar 2019. Jokkondire yaajɗe</text>
      <sha1>nycy9zr4e18f717p1cxo4djj43lo2if</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>183566</id>
      <parentid>183565</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-21T11:13:27Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ilya Discuss</username>
        <id>10103</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>183566</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="706" sha1="56pxq432lajvlm53rrf3myuwni7qk4k" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}Gaaraas Urasoe-Maeda (浦添前田駅, Urasoe-Maeda-eki) ko gartirgal laana njoorndi e nder wuro Okinawa (Yui Rail) to Urasoe, e nder diiwaan Okinawa, Japon. Diidi Monorail wuro Okinawa Tooɓere Staasiyoŋ oo ina waɗi plateau duunde wootere toownde ina huutoroo laabi ɗiɗi. Plateauji 1 ■ Laana ndiwoowa wuro Okinawa ngam Tedako-Uranishi 2 ■ Monorail wuro Okinawa ngam yahde laana ndiwoowa Naha Tariya Staasiyoŋ oo udditaa ko ñalnde 1 oktoobar 2019 e nder ɓeydagol kesol ummoraade Shuri haa Tedako-Uranishi. Tuugnorgal &quot;ゆいレール延伸、4.1キロ、新4駅で駅開き」/沖縄&quot; (e ɗemngal Japon). Shimbun Mainichi. 2 oktoobar 2019. Wonande 31 oktoobar 2019. Jokkondire yaajɗe</text>
      <sha1>56pxq432lajvlm53rrf3myuwni7qk4k</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>183567</id>
      <parentid>183566</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-21T11:14:36Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ilya Discuss</username>
        <id>10103</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>183567</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="712" sha1="d8yv3cxoqkqnvfr7y5wnap8w4k6ivin" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}'''Gaaraas Urasoe-Maeda''' (浦添前田駅, Urasoe-Maeda-eki) ko gartirgal laana njoorndi e nder wuro Okinawa (Yui Rail) to Urasoe, e nder diiwaan Okinawa, Japon. Diidi Monorail wuro Okinawa Tooɓere Staasiyoŋ oo ina waɗi plateau duunde wootere toownde ina huutoroo laabi ɗiɗi. Plateauji 1 ■ Laana ndiwoowa wuro Okinawa ngam Tedako-Uranishi 2 ■ Monorail wuro Okinawa ngam yahde laana ndiwoowa Naha Tariya Staasiyoŋ oo udditaa ko ñalnde 1 oktoobar 2019 e nder ɓeydagol kesol ummoraade Shuri haa Tedako-Uranishi. Tuugnorgal &quot;ゆいレール延伸、4.1キロ、新4駅で駅開き」/沖縄&quot; (e ɗemngal Japon). Shimbun Mainichi. 2 oktoobar 2019. Wonande 31 oktoobar 2019. Jokkondire yaajɗe</text>
      <sha1>d8yv3cxoqkqnvfr7y5wnap8w4k6ivin</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>183568</id>
      <parentid>183567</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-21T11:16:12Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ilya Discuss</username>
        <id>10103</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>183568</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="753" sha1="fyn78jzlolp9eykxo2823id394rn4r2" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}'''Gaaraas Urasoe-Maeda''' (浦添前田駅, Urasoe-Maeda-eki) ko gartirgal laana njoorndi e nder wuro Okinawa (Yui Rail) to Urasoe, e nder diiwaan Okinawa, Japon.

== Diidi Monorail ==
wuro Okinawa Tooɓere Staasiyoŋ oo ina waɗi plateau duunde wootere toownde ina huutoroo laabi ɗiɗi. 

== Plateauji ==
1 ■ Laana ndiwoowa wuro Okinawa ngam Tedako-Uranishi 2 ■ Monorail wuro Okinawa ngam yahde laana ndiwoowa Naha Tariya Staasiyoŋ oo udditaa ko ñalnde 1 oktoobar 2019 e nder ɓeydagol kesol ummoraade Shuri haa Tedako-Uranishi. 

== Tuugnorgal ==
&quot;ゆいレール延伸、4.1キロ、新4駅で駅開き」/沖縄&quot; (e ɗemngal Japon). 

== Shimbun Mainichi. ==
2 oktoobar 2019. 

Wonande 31 oktoobar 2019. 

== Jokkondire yaajɗe ==</text>
      <sha1>fyn78jzlolp9eykxo2823id394rn4r2</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>183569</id>
      <parentid>183568</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-21T11:17:13Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ilya Discuss</username>
        <id>10103</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>183569</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1001" sha1="tmcm47cnwauj7d2h2x6vmvavad5d5xf" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}'''Gaaraas Urasoe-Maeda''' (浦添前田駅, Urasoe-Maeda-eki) ko gartirgal laana njoorndi e nder wuro Okinawa (Yui Rail) to Urasoe, e nder diiwaan Okinawa, Japon.

== Diidi Monorail ==
wuro Okinawa Tooɓere Staasiyoŋ oo ina waɗi plateau duunde wootere toownde ina huutoroo laabi ɗiɗi.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=ゆいレール延伸　4.1キロ、新4駅で駅開き　／沖縄|url=https://mainichi.jp/articles/20191002/rky/00m/040/024000c|access-date=31 October 2019|agency=[[Mainichi Shimbun]]|date=2 October 2019|language=ja}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Plateauji ==
1 ■ Laana ndiwoowa wuro Okinawa ngam Tedako-Uranishi 2 ■ Monorail wuro Okinawa ngam yahde laana ndiwoowa Naha Tariya Staasiyoŋ oo udditaa ko ñalnde 1 oktoobar 2019 e nder ɓeydagol kesol ummoraade Shuri haa Tedako-Uranishi. 

== Tuugnorgal ==
&quot;ゆいレール延伸、4.1キロ、新4駅で駅開き」/沖縄&quot; (e ɗemngal Japon). 

== Shimbun Mainichi. ==
2 oktoobar 2019. 

Wonande 31 oktoobar 2019. 

== Jokkondire yaajɗe ==</text>
      <sha1>tmcm47cnwauj7d2h2x6vmvavad5d5xf</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Uranosaki Station</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>43611</id>
    <revision>
      <id>183570</id>
      <timestamp>2026-08-21T11:19:03Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ilya Discuss</username>
        <id>10103</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;Gartirgol Uranosaki (浦ノ崎駅, Uranosaki-eki) ko gartirgal laana njoorndi to Yamashiro-chō Tachiiwa, wuro Imari, diiwaan Saga. Ko laawol laana njoorndi Matsuura huutortoo ngol, ngol woni ko e laawol Nishi-Kyūshū. Staasiyoŋ oo ina yiɗaa e fotooje e yiɗɓe laana njoorndi sabu keewgol leɗɗe ceertuɗe taariiɗe staasiyoŋ oo, ko ɗum addanta nokku oo nokku ɓuuɓɗo e sahaa nde ɗe ɓuuɓnata. Diidi Laawol laana njoorndi Matsuura Laana Nishi-Kyusu Stations gonɗe...&quot;</comment>
      <origin>183570</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1041" sha1="aygssa4k47jan0jdd6w26syidqgfiyi" xml:space="preserve">Gartirgol Uranosaki (浦ノ崎駅, Uranosaki-eki) ko gartirgal laana njoorndi to Yamashiro-chō Tachiiwa, wuro Imari, diiwaan Saga. Ko laawol laana njoorndi Matsuura huutortoo ngol, ngol woni ko e laawol Nishi-Kyūshū. Staasiyoŋ oo ina yiɗaa e fotooje e yiɗɓe laana njoorndi sabu keewgol leɗɗe ceertuɗe taariiɗe staasiyoŋ oo, ko ɗum addanta nokku oo nokku ɓuuɓɗo e sahaa nde ɗe ɓuuɓnata. Diidi Laawol laana njoorndi Matsuura Laana Nishi-Kyusu Stations gonɗe saraaji ɗii ← Sarwiis → Laana Nishi-Kyusu Fukushimaguchi nokku Haze Laylaytol station Stasiyoŋ oo ko leydi, ina waɗi plateau bannge gooto. Taariindi Laawol ngenndiwal 204 Ruusuuji laaɗe diwooje Kawanami Posto Uranosaki Tariya oktoobar 1930 - Udditaa ngam njulaagu. Ñalnde 1 abriil 1987 - Laanaaji diwooje mbaɗti privatiseede, ndeeɗoo jolngo roni ɗum ko JR Kyushu. Ñalnde 1 abriil 1988 - Ooɗoo dingiral roni ɗum ko laana njoorndi Matsuura. Tuugnorgal Deftere hitaande limto Nagasaki (taƴre limto birooji prefektuur Nagasaki, Japon) Jokkondire yaajɗe</text>
      <sha1>aygssa4k47jan0jdd6w26syidqgfiyi</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>183571</id>
      <parentid>183570</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-21T11:19:27Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ilya Discuss</username>
        <id>10103</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>183571</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1052" sha1="3b8uuiqv7rc620q9hrp0ggsyzu63h9i" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}Gartirgol Uranosaki (浦ノ崎駅, Uranosaki-eki) ko gartirgal laana njoorndi to Yamashiro-chō Tachiiwa, wuro Imari, diiwaan Saga. Ko laawol laana njoorndi Matsuura huutortoo ngol, ngol woni ko e laawol Nishi-Kyūshū. Staasiyoŋ oo ina yiɗaa e fotooje e yiɗɓe laana njoorndi sabu keewgol leɗɗe ceertuɗe taariiɗe staasiyoŋ oo, ko ɗum addanta nokku oo nokku ɓuuɓɗo e sahaa nde ɗe ɓuuɓnata. Diidi Laawol laana njoorndi Matsuura Laana Nishi-Kyusu Stations gonɗe saraaji ɗii ← Sarwiis → Laana Nishi-Kyusu Fukushimaguchi nokku Haze Laylaytol station Stasiyoŋ oo ko leydi, ina waɗi plateau bannge gooto. Taariindi Laawol ngenndiwal 204 Ruusuuji laaɗe diwooje Kawanami Posto Uranosaki Tariya oktoobar 1930 - Udditaa ngam njulaagu. Ñalnde 1 abriil 1987 - Laanaaji diwooje mbaɗti privatiseede, ndeeɗoo jolngo roni ɗum ko JR Kyushu. Ñalnde 1 abriil 1988 - Ooɗoo dingiral roni ɗum ko laana njoorndi Matsuura. Tuugnorgal Deftere hitaande limto Nagasaki (taƴre limto birooji prefektuur Nagasaki, Japon) Jokkondire yaajɗe</text>
      <sha1>3b8uuiqv7rc620q9hrp0ggsyzu63h9i</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>183572</id>
      <parentid>183571</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-21T11:20:57Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ilya Discuss</username>
        <id>10103</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>183572</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1087" sha1="6m7h9oi3079a5k9gmtjl40ve5g51uec" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}'''Gartirgol Uranosaki''' (浦ノ崎駅, Uranosaki-eki) ko gartirgal laana njoorndi to Yamashiro-chō Tachiiwa, wuro Imari, diiwaan Saga. Ko laawol laana njoorndi Matsuura huutortoo ngol, ngol woni ko e laawol Nishi-Kyūshū. 

== Staasiyoŋ ==
oo ina yiɗaa e fotooje e yiɗɓe laana njoorndi sabu keewgol leɗɗe ceertuɗe taariiɗe staasiyoŋ oo, ko ɗum addanta nokku oo nokku ɓuuɓɗo e sahaa nde ɗe ɓuuɓnata.

==Diidi Laawol 

laana njoorndi Matsuura Laana Nishi-Kyusu Stations gonɗe saraaji ɗii ← Sarwiis → Laana Nishi-Kyusu Fukushimaguchi nokku Haze Laylaytol station Stasiyoŋ oo ko leydi, ina waɗi plateau bannge gooto. 

== Taariindi Laawol ==
ngenndiwal 204 Ruusuuji laaɗe diwooje Kawanami Posto Uranosaki Tariya oktoobar 1930 - Udditaa ngam njulaagu. Ñalnde 1 abriil 1987 - Laanaaji diwooje mbaɗti privatiseede, ndeeɗoo jolngo roni ɗum ko JR Kyushu. Ñalnde 1 abriil 1988 - Ooɗoo dingiral roni ɗum ko laana njoorndi Matsuura. Tuugnorgal Deftere hitaande limto Nagasaki (taƴre limto birooji prefektuur Nagasaki, Japon) 

== Jokkondire yaajɗe ==</text>
      <sha1>6m7h9oi3079a5k9gmtjl40ve5g51uec</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>183573</id>
      <parentid>183572</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-21T11:21:47Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ilya Discuss</username>
        <id>10103</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>183573</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1105" sha1="5k16wzoll989g9hy5xoybhffhprkx5a" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}'''Gartirgol Uranosaki''' (浦ノ崎駅, Uranosaki-eki) ko gartirgal laana njoorndi to Yamashiro-chō Tachiiwa, wuro Imari, diiwaan Saga. Ko laawol laana njoorndi Matsuura huutortoo ngol, ngol woni ko e laawol Nishi-Kyūshū. 

== Staasiyoŋ ==
oo ina yiɗaa e fotooje e yiɗɓe laana njoorndi sabu keewgol leɗɗe ceertuɗe taariiɗe staasiyoŋ oo, ko ɗum addanta nokku oo nokku ɓuuɓɗo e sahaa nde ɗe ɓuuɓnata.

==Diidi Laawol 

laana njoorndi Matsuura Laana Nishi-Kyusu Stations gonɗe saraaji ɗii ← Sarwiis → Laana Nishi-Kyusu Fukushimaguchi nokku Haze Laylaytol station Stasiyoŋ oo ko leydi, ina waɗi plateau bannge gooto. 

== Taariindi Laawol ==
ngenndiwal 204 Ruusuuji laaɗe diwooje Kawanami Posto Uranosaki Tariya oktoobar 1930 - Udditaa ngam njulaagu.  

== Ñalnde 1 abriil 1987 ==
- Laanaaji diwooje mbaɗti privatiseede, ndeeɗoo jolngo roni ɗum ko JR Kyushu. Ñalnde 1 abriil 1988 - Ooɗoo dingiral roni ɗum ko laana njoorndi Matsuura.  

== Tuugnorgal ==
Deftere hitaande limto Nagasaki (taƴre limto birooji prefektuur Nagasaki, Japon) 

== Jokkondire yaajɗe ==</text>
      <sha1>5k16wzoll989g9hy5xoybhffhprkx5a</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>183577</id>
      <parentid>183573</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-21T11:27:16Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Fulani215</username>
        <id>7983</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* */ fixed typo</comment>
      <origin>183577</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1105" sha1="5fha7wk5z7f8kg624jj6i1g5eyferyi" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}
'''Gartirgol Uranosaki''' (浦ノ崎駅, Uranosaki-eki) ko gartirgal laana njoorndi to Yamashiro-chō Tachiiwa, wuro Imari, diiwaan Saga. Ko laawol laana njoorndi Matsuura huutortoo ngol, ngol woni ko e laawol Nishi-Kyūshū.

== Staasiyoŋ ==
oo ina yiɗaa e fotooje e yiɗɓe laana njoorndi sabu keewgol leɗɗe ceertuɗe taariiɗe staasiyoŋ oo, ko ɗum addanta nokku oo nokku ɓuuɓɗo e sahaa nde ɗe ɓuuɓnata.

==Diidi Laawol 

laana njoorndi Matsuura Laana Nishi-Kyusu Stations gonɗe saraaji ɗii ← Sarwiis → Laana Nishi-Kyusu Fukushimaguchi nokku Haze Laylaytol station Stasiyoŋ oo ko leydi, ina waɗi plateau bannge gooto. 

== Taariindi Laawol ==
ngenndiwal 204 Ruusuuji laaɗe diwooje Kawanami Posto Uranosaki Tariya oktoobar 1930 - Udditaa ngam njulaagu.  

== Ñalnde 1 abriil 1987 ==
- Laanaaji diwooje mbaɗti privatiseede, ndeeɗoo jolngo roni ɗum ko JR Kyushu. Ñalnde 1 abriil 1988 - Ooɗoo dingiral roni ɗum ko laana njoorndi Matsuura.  

== Tuugnorgal ==
Deftere hitaande limto Nagasaki (taƴre limto birooji prefektuur Nagasaki, Japon) 

== Jokkondire yaajɗe ==</text>
      <sha1>5fha7wk5z7f8kg624jj6i1g5eyferyi</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>183578</id>
      <parentid>183577</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-21T11:27:50Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Fulani215</username>
        <id>7983</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Staasiyoŋ */ fixed typo</comment>
      <origin>183578</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1104" sha1="l2ntygdkbksshzatu3cd75ghjs6cv5d" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}
'''Gartirgol Uranosaki''' (浦ノ崎駅, Uranosaki-eki) ko gartirgal laana njoorndi to Yamashiro-chō Tachiiwa, wuro Imari, diiwaan Saga. Ko laawol laana njoorndi Matsuura huutortoo ngol, ngol woni ko e laawol Nishi-Kyūshū.

== Staasiyoŋ ==
oo ina yiɗaa e fotooje e yiɗɓe laana njoorndi sabu keewgol leɗɗe ceertuɗe taariiɗe staasiyoŋ oo, ko ɗum addanta nokku oo nokku ɓuuɓɗo e sahaa nde ɗe ɓuuɓnata.
==Diidi Laawol== 
laana njoorndi Matsuura Laana Nishi-Kyusu Stations gonɗe saraaji ɗii ← Sarwiis → Laana Nishi-Kyusu Fukushimaguchi nokku Haze Laylaytol station Stasiyoŋ oo ko leydi, ina waɗi plateau bannge gooto.

== Taariindi Laawol ==
ngenndiwal 204 Ruusuuji laaɗe diwooje Kawanami Posto Uranosaki Tariya oktoobar 1930 - Udditaa ngam njulaagu.  

== Ñalnde 1 abriil 1987 ==
- Laanaaji diwooje mbaɗti privatiseede, ndeeɗoo jolngo roni ɗum ko JR Kyushu. Ñalnde 1 abriil 1988 - Ooɗoo dingiral roni ɗum ko laana njoorndi Matsuura.  

== Tuugnorgal ==
Deftere hitaande limto Nagasaki (taƴre limto birooji prefektuur Nagasaki, Japon) 

== Jokkondire yaajɗe ==</text>
      <sha1>l2ntygdkbksshzatu3cd75ghjs6cv5d</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>183580</id>
      <parentid>183578</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-21T11:28:17Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Fulani215</username>
        <id>7983</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Ñalnde 1 abriil 1987 */ fixed typo</comment>
      <origin>183580</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1100" sha1="8glgk6ohndkj64xxzlmon37zpoqkzac" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}
'''Gartirgol Uranosaki''' (浦ノ崎駅, Uranosaki-eki) ko gartirgal laana njoorndi to Yamashiro-chō Tachiiwa, wuro Imari, diiwaan Saga. Ko laawol laana njoorndi Matsuura huutortoo ngol, ngol woni ko e laawol Nishi-Kyūshū.

== Staasiyoŋ ==
oo ina yiɗaa e fotooje e yiɗɓe laana njoorndi sabu keewgol leɗɗe ceertuɗe taariiɗe staasiyoŋ oo, ko ɗum addanta nokku oo nokku ɓuuɓɗo e sahaa nde ɗe ɓuuɓnata.
==Diidi Laawol== 
laana njoorndi Matsuura Laana Nishi-Kyusu Stations gonɗe saraaji ɗii ← Sarwiis → Laana Nishi-Kyusu Fukushimaguchi nokku Haze Laylaytol station Stasiyoŋ oo ko leydi, ina waɗi plateau bannge gooto.

== Taariindi Laawol ==
ngenndiwal 204 Ruusuuji laaɗe diwooje Kawanami Posto Uranosaki Tariya oktoobar 1930 - Udditaa ngam njulaagu.  

== Ñalnde 1 abriil 1987 ==
Laanaaji diwooje mbaɗti privatiseede, ndeeɗoo jolngo roni ɗum ko JR Kyushu. Ñalnde 1 abriil 1988 - Ooɗoo dingiral roni ɗum ko laana njoorndi Matsuura.

== Tuugnorgal ==
Deftere hitaande limto Nagasaki (taƴre limto birooji prefektuur Nagasaki, Japon) 

== Jokkondire yaajɗe ==</text>
      <sha1>8glgk6ohndkj64xxzlmon37zpoqkzac</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>183582</id>
      <parentid>183580</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-21T11:28:50Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Fulani215</username>
        <id>7983</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Himobe */ fixed typo</comment>
      <origin>183582</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1094" sha1="2l4c7gn6prggf09wdxsommpgvgy9l2y" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}
'''Gartirgol Uranosaki''' (浦ノ崎駅, Uranosaki-eki) ko gartirgal laana njoorndi to Yamashiro-chō Tachiiwa, wuro Imari, diiwaan Saga. Ko laawol laana njoorndi Matsuura huutortoo ngol, ngol woni ko e laawol Nishi-Kyūshū.

== Staasiyoŋ ==
oo ina yiɗaa e fotooje e yiɗɓe laana njoorndi sabu keewgol leɗɗe ceertuɗe taariiɗe staasiyoŋ oo, ko ɗum addanta nokku oo nokku ɓuuɓɗo e sahaa nde ɗe ɓuuɓnata.
==Diidi Laawol== 
laana njoorndi Matsuura Laana Nishi-Kyusu Stations gonɗe saraaji ɗii ← Sarwiis → Laana Nishi-Kyusu Fukushimaguchi nokku Haze Laylaytol station Stasiyoŋ oo ko leydi, ina waɗi plateau bannge gooto.

== Taariindi Laawol ==
ngenndiwal 204 Ruusuuji laaɗe diwooje Kawanami Posto Uranosaki Tariya oktoobar 1930 - Udditaa ngam njulaagu.  

== Ñalnde 1 abriil 1987 ==
Laanaaji diwooje mbaɗti privatiseede, ndeeɗoo jolngo roni ɗum ko JR Kyushu. Ñalnde 1 abriil 1988 - Ooɗoo dingiral roni ɗum ko laana njoorndi Matsuura.

== Himobe==
Deftere hitaande limto Nagasaki (taƴre limto birooji prefektuur Nagasaki, Japon)

== Jokkondire yaajɗe ==</text>
      <sha1>2l4c7gn6prggf09wdxsommpgvgy9l2y</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>183598</id>
      <parentid>183582</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-21T11:49:52Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Fulani215</username>
        <id>7983</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Diidi Laawol */ fixed typo</comment>
      <origin>183598</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1086" sha1="tiywxktrwmndh7ut4ki65cr4r6r6f6f" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}
'''Gartirgol Uranosaki''' (浦ノ崎駅, Uranosaki-eki) ko gartirgal laana njoorndi to Yamashiro-chō Tachiiwa, wuro Imari, diiwaan Saga. Ko laawol laana njoorndi Matsuura huutortoo ngol, ngol woni ko e laawol Nishi-Kyūshū.

== Staasiyoŋ ==
oo ina yiɗaa e fotooje e yiɗɓe laana njoorndi sabu keewgol leɗɗe ceertuɗe taariiɗe staasiyoŋ oo, ko ɗum addanta nokku oo nokku ɓuuɓɗo e sahaa nde ɗe ɓuuɓnata.
==Diidi Laawol== 
laana njoorndi Matsuura Laana Nishi-Kyusu Stations gonɗe saraaji ɗii Sarwiis Laana Nishi-Kyusu Fukushimaguchi nokku Haze Laylaytol station Stasiyoŋ oo ko leydi, ina waɗi plateau bannge gooto.

== Taariindi Laawol ==
ngenndiwal 204 Ruusuuji laaɗe diwooje Kawanami Posto Uranosaki Tariya oktoobar 1930 - Udditaa ngam njulaagu.  

== Ñalnde 1 abriil 1987 ==
Laanaaji diwooje mbaɗti privatiseede, ndeeɗoo jolngo roni ɗum ko JR Kyushu. Ñalnde 1 abriil 1988 - Ooɗoo dingiral roni ɗum ko laana njoorndi Matsuura.

== Himobe==
Deftere hitaande limto Nagasaki (taƴre limto birooji prefektuur Nagasaki, Japon)

== Jokkondire yaajɗe ==</text>
      <sha1>tiywxktrwmndh7ut4ki65cr4r6r6f6f</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>183600</id>
      <parentid>183598</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-21T11:50:21Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Fulani215</username>
        <id>7983</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>fixed typo</comment>
      <origin>183600</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1060" sha1="f93qn6ri22ttpjvz3zwqb4ik4v2c051" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}
'''Gartirgol Uranosaki''' (浦ノ崎駅, Uranosaki-eki) ko gartirgal laana njoorndi to Yamashiro-chō Tachiiwa, wuro Imari, diiwaan Saga. Ko laawol laana njoorndi Matsuura huutortoo ngol, ngol woni ko e laawol Nishi-Kyūshū.

== Staasiyoŋ ==
oo ina yiɗaa e fotooje e yiɗɓe laana njoorndi sabu keewgol leɗɗe ceertuɗe taariiɗe staasiyoŋ oo, ko ɗum addanta nokku oo nokku ɓuuɓɗo e sahaa nde ɗe ɓuuɓnata.
==Diidi Laawol== 
laana njoorndi Matsuura Laana Nishi-Kyusu Stations gonɗe saraaji ɗii Sarwiis Laana Nishi-Kyusu Fukushimaguchi nokku Haze Laylaytol station Stasiyoŋ oo ko leydi, ina waɗi plateau bannge gooto.

== Taariindi Laawol ==
ngenndiwal 204 Ruusuuji laaɗe diwooje Kawanami Posto Uranosaki Tariya oktoobar 1930 - Udditaa ngam njulaagu.  

== Ñalnde 1 abriil 1987 ==
Laanaaji diwooje mbaɗti privatiseede, ndeeɗoo jolngo roni ɗum ko JR Kyushu. Ñalnde 1 abriil 1988 - Ooɗoo dingiral roni ɗum ko laana njoorndi Matsuura.

== Himobe==
Deftere hitaande limto Nagasaki (taƴre limto birooji prefektuur Nagasaki, Japon)</text>
      <sha1>f93qn6ri22ttpjvz3zwqb4ik4v2c051</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Tabira-Hiradoguchi Station</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>43613</id>
    <revision>
      <id>183579</id>
      <timestamp>2026-08-21T11:27:54Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ilya Discuss</username>
        <id>10103</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;Tabira-Hiradoguchi-eki) ko nokku laana njoorndi to Tabira-chō Yamanouchi-men, Hirado, diiwaan Nagasaki. Ko laawol laana njoorndi Matsuura huutortoo ngol, ngol woni ko e laawol Nishi-Kyūshū. Ooɗoo nokku ko nokku ɓurɗo hirnaange mo laana njoorndi wonaa monorail to Japon. Diidi Laawol laana njoorndi Matsuura Laana Nishi-Kyusu Stations gonɗe saraaji ɗii ← Sarwiis → Naka-tabira nishi-kiyushu line nishi-tabira Laylaytol station Stasiyoŋ oo ko leydi ina waɗi 2 pla...&quot;</comment>
      <origin>183579</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1391" sha1="n74kqn08d33u187ysqow5jvd0ll0igx" xml:space="preserve">Tabira-Hiradoguchi-eki) ko nokku laana njoorndi to Tabira-chō Yamanouchi-men, Hirado, diiwaan Nagasaki. Ko laawol laana njoorndi Matsuura huutortoo ngol, ngol woni ko e laawol Nishi-Kyūshū. Ooɗoo nokku ko nokku ɓurɗo hirnaange mo laana njoorndi wonaa monorail to Japon. Diidi Laawol laana njoorndi Matsuura Laana Nishi-Kyusu Stations gonɗe saraaji ɗii ← Sarwiis → Naka-tabira nishi-kiyushu line nishi-tabira Laylaytol station Stasiyoŋ oo ko leydi ina waɗi 2 plateau e 3 piste. Toɓɓe 1 ■Line Nishi-Kyushū Haa Matsuura・Imari 2 ■Line Nishi-Kyushū To Imari・Sasebo 3 ■Line Nishi-Kyushū To Saza・Sasebo Nokku taariindi Laawol ngenndiwal 204 Ofis wuro Hirado Catal Tabira Ponto Hirado Posto Tabira Banki Shinwa mo Tabira Tariya Ñalnde 6 ut 1935 - Udditaa ngam golloraade ko Gare Hiradoguchi. Ñalnde 1 abriil 1987 - Laanaaji diwooje mbaɗti privatiseede, ndeeɗoo jolngo roni ɗum ko JR Kyushu. Ñalnde 1 abriil 1988 - Ooɗoo dingiral roni ɗum ko laana njoorndi Matsuura. Ñalnde 11 marse 1989 - Ooɗoo nokku wayli innde mum ko nokku Tabira-Hiradoguchi. Plateauji ɗii e lewru oktoobar 2007 Plateauji ɗii e lewru oktoobar 2007 Nder station man nder Oktoobar 2007 Nder station man nder Oktoobar 2007 Monumndaaji maantinirɗi station oo ko ɓuri woɗɗude bannge worgo Japon Monumndaaji maantinirɗi station oo ko ɓuri woɗɗude bannge worgo Japon Jokkondire yaajɗe</text>
      <sha1>n74kqn08d33u187ysqow5jvd0ll0igx</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>183581</id>
      <parentid>183579</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-21T11:28:31Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ilya Discuss</username>
        <id>10103</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>183581</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1404" sha1="e3q67cjvwsh23eh61bqrg12lla2ziyt" xml:space="preserve">'''Tabira-Hiradoguchi-eki)''' ko nokku laana njoorndi to Tabira-chō Yamanouchi-men, Hirado, diiwaan Nagasaki. Ko laawol laana njoorndi Matsuura huutortoo ngol, ngol woni ko e laawol Nishi-Kyūshū. Ooɗoo nokku ko nokku ɓurɗo hirnaange mo laana njoorndi wonaa monorail to Japon. Diidi Laawol laana njoorndi Matsuura Laana Nishi-Kyusu Stations gonɗe saraaji ɗii ← Sarwiis → Naka-tabira nishi-kiyushu line nishi-tabira Laylaytol station Stasiyoŋ oo ko leydi ina waɗi 2 plateau e 3 piste. Toɓɓe 1 ■Line Nishi-Kyushū Haa Matsuura・Imari 2 ■Line Nishi-Kyushū To Imari・Sasebo 3 ■Line Nishi-Kyushū To Saza・Sasebo Nokku taariindi Laawol ngenndiwal 204 Ofis wuro Hirado Catal Tabira Ponto Hirado Posto Tabira Banki Shinwa mo Tabira Tariya Ñalnde 6 ut 1935 - Udditaa ngam golloraade ko Gare Hiradoguchi. Ñalnde 1 abriil 1987 - Laanaaji diwooje mbaɗti privatiseede, ndeeɗoo jolngo roni ɗum ko JR Kyushu. Ñalnde 1 abriil 1988 - Ooɗoo dingiral roni ɗum ko laana njoorndi Matsuura. Ñalnde 11 marse 1989 - Ooɗoo nokku wayli innde mum ko nokku Tabira-Hiradoguchi. Plateauji ɗii e lewru oktoobar 2007 Plateauji ɗii e lewru oktoobar 2007 Nder station man nder Oktoobar 2007 Nder station man nder Oktoobar 2007 Monumndaaji maantinirɗi station oo ko ɓuri woɗɗude bannge worgo Japon Monumndaaji maantinirɗi station oo ko ɓuri woɗɗude bannge worgo Japon

== Jokkondire yaajɗe ==</text>
      <sha1>e3q67cjvwsh23eh61bqrg12lla2ziyt</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>183583</id>
      <parentid>183581</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-21T11:29:26Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ilya Discuss</username>
        <id>10103</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>183583</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1416" sha1="encnq3lq9rd9p6u71bi2qkimvbn7163" xml:space="preserve">'''Tabira-Hiradoguchi-eki)''' ko nokku laana njoorndi to Tabira-chō Yamanouchi-men, Hirado, diiwaan Nagasaki. Ko laawol laana njoorndi Matsuura huutortoo ngol, ngol woni ko e laawol Nishi-Kyūshū. 

Ooɗoo nokku ko nokku ɓurɗo hirnaange mo laana njoorndi wonaa monorail to Japon. Diidi Laawol laana njoorndi Matsuura Laana Nishi-Kyusu Stations gonɗe saraaji ɗii ← Sarwiis → Naka-tabira nishi-kiyushu line nishi-tabira Laylaytol station Stasiyoŋ oo ko leydi ina waɗi 2 plateau e 3 piste. Toɓɓe 1 ■Line Nishi-Kyushū Haa Matsuura・Imari 2 ■Line Nishi-Kyushū To Imari・Sasebo 3 ■Line Nishi-Kyushū To Saza・Sasebo Nokku taariindi Laawol ngenndiwal 204 Ofis wuro Hirado Catal Tabira Ponto Hirado Posto Tabira Banki Shinwa mo Tabira Tariya Ñalnde 6 ut 1935 - Udditaa ngam 

== golloraade ==
ko Gare Hiradoguchi. 

Ñalnde 1 abriil 1987 - Laanaaji diwooje mbaɗti privatiseede, ndeeɗoo jolngo roni ɗum ko JR Kyushu. Ñalnde 1 abriil 1988 - Ooɗoo dingiral roni ɗum ko laana njoorndi Matsuura. Ñalnde 11 marse 1989 - Ooɗoo nokku wayli innde mum ko nokku Tabira-Hiradoguchi. Plateauji ɗii e lewru oktoobar 2007 Plateauji ɗii e lewru oktoobar 2007 Nder station man nder Oktoobar 2007 Nder station man nder Oktoobar 2007 Monumndaaji maantinirɗi station oo ko ɓuri woɗɗude bannge worgo Japon Monumndaaji maantinirɗi station oo ko ɓuri woɗɗude bannge worgo Japon

== Jokkondire yaajɗe ==</text>
      <sha1>encnq3lq9rd9p6u71bi2qkimvbn7163</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Takahashi Station</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>43614</id>
    <revision>
      <id>183584</id>
      <timestamp>2026-08-21T11:31:27Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ilya Discuss</username>
        <id>10103</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;Gartirgal Takahashi (高橋駅, Takahashi-eki) ko gartirgal laana njoorndi njoorndi, woni ko e nokku biyeteeɗo Asahi, wuro Takeo, to diiwaan Saga, to leydi Japon. Ko JR Kyushu woni gollorde nde. Diidi Staasiyoŋ oo ko laana Sasebo huutortoo, ina woni 11,4 km e nokku ɗo laana kaa fuɗɗotoo to Hizen-Yamaguchi. Ko sarwisaaji nokkuuji Sasebo Line tan njoofata e ndeeɗoo jolngo. Laylaytol station Staasiyoŋ oo, mo alaa gollotooɓe, ina waɗi jolɗe ɗiɗi banngeeji kuutort...&quot;</comment>
      <origin>183584</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1488" sha1="6efyt0pnbr7b4oy9jyio4y8n06l1rfw" xml:space="preserve">Gartirgal Takahashi (高橋駅, Takahashi-eki) ko gartirgal laana njoorndi njoorndi, woni ko e nokku biyeteeɗo Asahi, wuro Takeo, to diiwaan Saga, to leydi Japon. Ko JR Kyushu woni gollorde nde. Diidi Staasiyoŋ oo ko laana Sasebo huutortoo, ina woni 11,4 km e nokku ɗo laana kaa fuɗɗotoo to Hizen-Yamaguchi. Ko sarwisaaji nokkuuji Sasebo Line tan njoofata e ndeeɗoo jolngo. Laylaytol station Staasiyoŋ oo, mo alaa gollotooɓe, ina waɗi jolɗe ɗiɗi banngeeji kuutortooɗi laabi ɗiɗi, tawi banngeeji ɗii ina njuɓɓina gooto e laabi ɗii. Mahdi station oo ko mahdi leɗɗe e mbaadi Holanndee en ndi hannde alaa gollotooɓe, ndi woni tan ko suudu daɗndo. Heɓde plateau bannge goɗɗo oo ko e laawol koyɗe. Tariya Laana njoorndi laamu Japon (JGR) udditi gartirgal ngal ñalnde 21 ut 1923, ko gartirgal ɓeydangal e laawol gonngol e ko wiyetee ndeen laawol mawngol Nagasaki. Ñalnde 1 desaambar 1934, laawol goɗngol toɗɗaa ko laawol mawngol Nagasaki. Piste gollortooɗo station oo, innitiraa ko Line Sasebo. E privatisaasiyoŋ laana njoorndi ngenndi Japon (JNR), lomto JGR, ñalnde 1 abriil 1987, njiimaandi jolngo ngoo arti e juuɗe JR Kyushu. Limlebbi yahooɓe E hitaande 2015, ko ina tolnoo e 49 689 yah-ngartaa, zum wonnoo ko 136 yah-ngartaa e yontere kala. Nokku taariindi Laawol lesdi Japon 34 Laawol lesdi Japon 498 Laawol mawngol Nagasaki Takeo-Kitagata waylo-waylo Posto Takahashi Ƴeew kadi Doggol nokkuuji ɗo laaɗe diwooje njolnata e nder leydi Japon Tuugnorgal</text>
      <sha1>6efyt0pnbr7b4oy9jyio4y8n06l1rfw</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>183585</id>
      <parentid>183584</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-21T11:32:44Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ilya Discuss</username>
        <id>10103</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>183585</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1501" sha1="t5udmabdka2bpb1s8bts3nts2ydrqc5" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}

Gartirgal Takahashi (高橋駅, Takahashi-eki) ko gartirgal laana njoorndi njoorndi, woni ko e nokku biyeteeɗo Asahi, wuro Takeo, to diiwaan Saga, to leydi Japon. Ko JR Kyushu woni gollorde nde. Diidi Staasiyoŋ oo ko laana Sasebo huutortoo, ina woni 11,4 km e nokku ɗo laana kaa fuɗɗotoo to Hizen-Yamaguchi. Ko sarwisaaji nokkuuji Sasebo Line tan njoofata e ndeeɗoo jolngo. Laylaytol station Staasiyoŋ oo, mo alaa gollotooɓe, ina waɗi jolɗe ɗiɗi banngeeji kuutortooɗi laabi ɗiɗi, tawi banngeeji ɗii ina njuɓɓina gooto e laabi ɗii. Mahdi station oo ko mahdi leɗɗe e mbaadi Holanndee en ndi hannde alaa gollotooɓe, ndi woni tan ko suudu daɗndo. Heɓde plateau bannge goɗɗo oo ko e laawol koyɗe. Tariya Laana njoorndi laamu Japon (JGR) udditi gartirgal ngal ñalnde 21 ut 1923, ko gartirgal ɓeydangal e laawol gonngol e ko wiyetee ndeen laawol mawngol Nagasaki. Ñalnde 1 desaambar 1934, laawol goɗngol toɗɗaa ko laawol mawngol Nagasaki. Piste gollortooɗo station oo, innitiraa ko Line Sasebo. E privatisaasiyoŋ laana njoorndi ngenndi Japon (JNR), lomto JGR, ñalnde 1 abriil 1987, njiimaandi jolngo ngoo arti e juuɗe JR Kyushu. Limlebbi yahooɓe E hitaande 2015, ko ina tolnoo e 49 689 yah-ngartaa, zum wonnoo ko 136 yah-ngartaa e yontere kala. Nokku taariindi Laawol lesdi Japon 34 Laawol lesdi Japon 498 Laawol mawngol Nagasaki Takeo-Kitagata waylo-waylo Posto Takahashi Ƴeew kadi Doggol nokkuuji ɗo laaɗe diwooje njolnata e nder leydi Japon Tuugnorgal</text>
      <sha1>t5udmabdka2bpb1s8bts3nts2ydrqc5</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>183586</id>
      <parentid>183585</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-21T11:34:51Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ilya Discuss</username>
        <id>10103</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>183586</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1571" sha1="2i6dkk9c85oiztwz5sk8eb06tb6sngu" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}

Gartirgal Takahashi (高橋駅, Takahashi-eki) ko gartirgal laana njoorndi njoorndi, woni ko e nokku biyeteeɗo Asahi, wuro Takeo, to diiwaan Saga, to leydi Japon. 

== Ko JR Kyushu ==

== woni gollorde nde. ==
Diidi Staasiyoŋ oo ko laana Sasebo huutortoo, ina woni 11,4 km e nokku ɗo laana kaa fuɗɗotoo to Hizen-Yamaguchi. 

== Ko sarwisaaji ==
nokkuuji Sasebo Line tan njoofata e ndeeɗoo jolngo.

== Laylaytol station ==
Staasiyoŋ oo, mo alaa gollotooɓe, ina waɗi jolɗe ɗiɗi banngeeji kuutortooɗi laabi ɗiɗi, tawi banngeeji ɗii ina njuɓɓina gooto e laabi ɗii. Mahdi station oo ko mahdi leɗɗe e mbaadi Holanndee en ndi hannde alaa gollotooɓe, ndi woni tan ko suudu daɗndo. Heɓde plateau bannge goɗɗo oo ko e laawol koyɗe. 

== Tariya Laana njoorndi ==
laamu Japon (JGR) udditi gartirgal ngal ñalnde 21 ut 1923, ko gartirgal ɓeydangal e laawol gonngol e ko wiyetee ndeen laawol mawngol Nagasaki. Ñalnde 1 desaambar 1934, laawol goɗngol toɗɗaa ko laawol mawngol Nagasaki. 

== Piste gollortooɗo ==
station oo, innitiraa ko Line Sasebo. E privatisaasiyoŋ laana njoorndi ngenndi Japon (JNR), lomto JGR, ñalnde 1 abriil 1987, njiimaandi jolngo ngoo arti e juuɗe JR Kyushu. 

== Limlebbi yahooɓe ==
E hitaande 2015, ko ina tolnoo e 49 689 yah-ngartaa, zum wonnoo ko 136 yah-ngartaa e yontere kala. Nokku taariindi Laawol lesdi Japon 34 Laawol lesdi Japon 498 Laawol mawngol Nagasaki Takeo-Kitagata waylo-waylo Posto Takahashi 

== Ƴeew kadi ==
Doggol nokkuuji ɗo laaɗe diwooje njolnata e nder leydi Japon 

== Tuugnorgal ==</text>
      <sha1>2i6dkk9c85oiztwz5sk8eb06tb6sngu</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>183587</id>
      <parentid>183586</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-21T11:35:47Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ilya Discuss</username>
        <id>10103</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>183587</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1772" sha1="3dv99w2uenyna4qkyhhuq5kgjamtm65" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}

Gartirgal Takahashi (高橋駅, Takahashi-eki) ko gartirgal laana njoorndi njoorndi, woni ko e nokku biyeteeɗo Asahi, wuro Takeo, to diiwaan Saga, to leydi Japon..&lt;ref name=&quot;stationmap&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.jrkyushu.co.jp/english/pdf/jrkyushu_routemap_en.pdf|title=JR Kyushu Route Map|publisher=JR Kyushu|accessdate=3 March 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;hacchi&quot; /&gt; 

== Ko JR Kyushu ==

== woni gollorde nde. ==
Diidi Staasiyoŋ oo ko laana Sasebo huutortoo, ina woni 11,4 km e nokku ɗo laana kaa fuɗɗotoo to Hizen-Yamaguchi. 

== Ko sarwisaaji ==
nokkuuji Sasebo Line tan njoofata e ndeeɗoo jolngo.

== Laylaytol station ==
Staasiyoŋ oo, mo alaa gollotooɓe, ina waɗi jolɗe ɗiɗi banngeeji kuutortooɗi laabi ɗiɗi, tawi banngeeji ɗii ina njuɓɓina gooto e laabi ɗii. Mahdi station oo ko mahdi leɗɗe e mbaadi Holanndee en ndi hannde alaa gollotooɓe, ndi woni tan ko suudu daɗndo. Heɓde plateau bannge goɗɗo oo ko e laawol koyɗe. 

== Tariya Laana njoorndi ==
laamu Japon (JGR) udditi gartirgal ngal ñalnde 21 ut 1923, ko gartirgal ɓeydangal e laawol gonngol e ko wiyetee ndeen laawol mawngol Nagasaki. Ñalnde 1 desaambar 1934, laawol goɗngol toɗɗaa ko laawol mawngol Nagasaki. 

== Piste gollortooɗo ==
station oo, innitiraa ko Line Sasebo. E privatisaasiyoŋ laana njoorndi ngenndi Japon (JNR), lomto JGR, ñalnde 1 abriil 1987, njiimaandi jolngo ngoo arti e juuɗe JR Kyushu. 

== Limlebbi yahooɓe ==
E hitaande 2015, ko ina tolnoo e 49 689 yah-ngartaa, zum wonnoo ko 136 yah-ngartaa e yontere kala. Nokku taariindi Laawol lesdi Japon 34 Laawol lesdi Japon 498 Laawol mawngol Nagasaki Takeo-Kitagata waylo-waylo Posto Takahashi 

== Ƴeew kadi ==
Doggol nokkuuji ɗo laaɗe diwooje njolnata e nder leydi Japon 

== Tuugnorgal ==</text>
      <sha1>3dv99w2uenyna4qkyhhuq5kgjamtm65</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>183588</id>
      <parentid>183587</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-21T11:36:50Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ilya Discuss</username>
        <id>10103</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>183588</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1973" sha1="2x6os71oosc4oeywy9s7lwh539qwy3d" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}

Gartirgal Takahashi (高橋駅, Takahashi-eki) ko gartirgal laana njoorndi njoorndi, woni ko e nokku biyeteeɗo Asahi, wuro Takeo, to diiwaan Saga, to leydi Japon..&lt;ref name=&quot;stationmap&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.jrkyushu.co.jp/english/pdf/jrkyushu_routemap_en.pdf|title=JR Kyushu Route Map|publisher=JR Kyushu|accessdate=3 March 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;hacchi&quot; /&gt; 

== Ko JR Kyushu ==

== woni gollorde nde. ==
Diidi Staasiyoŋ oo ko laana Sasebo huutortoo, ina woni 11,4 km e nokku ɗo laana kaa fuɗɗotoo to Hizen-Yamaguchi.&lt;ref name=&quot;JR&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.jrkyushu.co.jp/railway/station/1191660_1601.html|title=高橋|trans-title=Takahashi|accessdate=23 March 2018|website=JR Kyushu official station website}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Ko sarwisaaji ==
nokkuuji Sasebo Line tan njoofata e ndeeɗoo jolngo.

== Laylaytol station ==
Staasiyoŋ oo, mo alaa gollotooɓe, ina waɗi jolɗe ɗiɗi banngeeji kuutortooɗi laabi ɗiɗi, tawi banngeeji ɗii ina njuɓɓina gooto e laabi ɗii. Mahdi station oo ko mahdi leɗɗe e mbaadi Holanndee en ndi hannde alaa gollotooɓe, ndi woni tan ko suudu daɗndo. Heɓde plateau bannge goɗɗo oo ko e laawol koyɗe. 

== Tariya Laana njoorndi ==
laamu Japon (JGR) udditi gartirgal ngal ñalnde 21 ut 1923, ko gartirgal ɓeydangal e laawol gonngol e ko wiyetee ndeen laawol mawngol Nagasaki. Ñalnde 1 desaambar 1934, laawol goɗngol toɗɗaa ko laawol mawngol Nagasaki. 

== Piste gollortooɗo ==
station oo, innitiraa ko Line Sasebo. E privatisaasiyoŋ laana njoorndi ngenndi Japon (JNR), lomto JGR, ñalnde 1 abriil 1987, njiimaandi jolngo ngoo arti e juuɗe JR Kyushu. 

== Limlebbi yahooɓe ==
E hitaande 2015, ko ina tolnoo e 49 689 yah-ngartaa, zum wonnoo ko 136 yah-ngartaa e yontere kala. Nokku taariindi Laawol lesdi Japon 34 Laawol lesdi Japon 498 Laawol mawngol Nagasaki Takeo-Kitagata waylo-waylo Posto Takahashi 

== Ƴeew kadi ==
Doggol nokkuuji ɗo laaɗe diwooje njolnata e nder leydi Japon 

== Tuugnorgal ==</text>
      <sha1>2x6os71oosc4oeywy9s7lwh539qwy3d</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>183589</id>
      <parentid>183588</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-21T11:37:50Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ilya Discuss</username>
        <id>10103</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>183589</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2573" sha1="lwmoph11z6s0r0l3mqy6iaq4g929uba" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}

Gartirgal Takahashi (高橋駅, Takahashi-eki) ko gartirgal laana njoorndi njoorndi, woni ko e nokku biyeteeɗo Asahi, wuro Takeo, to diiwaan Saga, to leydi Japon..&lt;ref name=&quot;stationmap&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.jrkyushu.co.jp/english/pdf/jrkyushu_routemap_en.pdf|title=JR Kyushu Route Map|publisher=JR Kyushu|accessdate=3 March 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;hacchi&quot; /&gt; 

== Ko JR Kyushu ==

== woni gollorde nde. ==
Diidi Staasiyoŋ oo ko laana Sasebo huutortoo, ina woni 11,4 km e nokku ɗo laana kaa fuɗɗotoo to Hizen-Yamaguchi.&lt;ref name=&quot;JR&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.jrkyushu.co.jp/railway/station/1191660_1601.html|title=高橋|trans-title=Takahashi|accessdate=23 March 2018|website=JR Kyushu official station website}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Ko sarwisaaji ==
nokkuuji Sasebo Line tan njoofata e ndeeɗoo jolngo.

== Laylaytol station ==
Staasiyoŋ oo, mo alaa gollotooɓe, ina waɗi jolɗe ɗiɗi banngeeji kuutortooɗi laabi ɗiɗi, tawi banngeeji ɗii ina njuɓɓina gooto e laabi ɗii. Mahdi station oo ko mahdi leɗɗe e mbaadi Holanndee en ndi hannde alaa gollotooɓe, ndi woni tan ko suudu daɗndo. Heɓde plateau bannge goɗɗo oo ko e laawol koyɗe..&lt;ref name=&quot;kawashima&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Kawashima|first=Ryōzō|script-title=ja: 図説: 日本の鉄道 四国・九州ライン 全線・全駅・全配線・第5巻 長崎 佐賀 エリア|year=2013|publisher=Kodansha|isbn=9784062951647|trans-title=Japan Railways Illustrated. Shikoku and Kyushu. All lines, all stations, all track layouts. Volume 5 Nagasaki Saga area|language=Japanese|pages=25, 70}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;hacchi2&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://hacchi-no-he.net/line/sasebo/station/0030_takahashi.htm|title=高橋|trans-title=Takahashi|accessdate=23 March 2018|website=hacchi-no-he.net}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Tariya Laana njoorndi ==
laamu Japon (JGR) udditi gartirgal ngal ñalnde 21 ut 1923, ko gartirgal ɓeydangal e laawol gonngol e ko wiyetee ndeen laawol mawngol Nagasaki. Ñalnde 1 desaambar 1934, laawol goɗngol toɗɗaa ko laawol mawngol Nagasaki. 

== Piste gollortooɗo ==
station oo, innitiraa ko Line Sasebo. E privatisaasiyoŋ laana njoorndi ngenndi Japon (JNR), lomto JGR, ñalnde 1 abriil 1987, njiimaandi jolngo ngoo arti e juuɗe JR Kyushu. 

== Limlebbi yahooɓe ==
E hitaande 2015, ko ina tolnoo e 49 689 yah-ngartaa, zum wonnoo ko 136 yah-ngartaa e yontere kala. Nokku taariindi Laawol lesdi Japon 34 Laawol lesdi Japon 498 Laawol mawngol Nagasaki Takeo-Kitagata waylo-waylo Posto Takahashi 

== Ƴeew kadi ==
Doggol nokkuuji ɗo laaɗe diwooje njolnata e nder leydi Japon 

== Tuugnorgal ==</text>
      <sha1>lwmoph11z6s0r0l3mqy6iaq4g929uba</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>183590</id>
      <parentid>183589</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-21T11:38:48Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ilya Discuss</username>
        <id>10103</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>183590</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2648" sha1="izdpg8wykpvk1iq5ilm14b35g276bgo" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}

Gartirgal Takahashi (高橋駅, Takahashi-eki) ko gartirgal laana njoorndi njoorndi, woni ko e nokku biyeteeɗo Asahi, wuro Takeo, to diiwaan Saga, to leydi Japon..&lt;ref name=&quot;stationmap&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.jrkyushu.co.jp/english/pdf/jrkyushu_routemap_en.pdf|title=JR Kyushu Route Map|publisher=JR Kyushu|accessdate=3 March 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;hacchi&quot; /&gt; 

== Ko JR Kyushu ==

== woni gollorde nde. ==
Diidi Staasiyoŋ oo ko laana Sasebo huutortoo, ina woni 11,4 km e nokku ɗo laana kaa fuɗɗotoo to Hizen-Yamaguchi.&lt;ref name=&quot;JR&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.jrkyushu.co.jp/railway/station/1191660_1601.html|title=高橋|trans-title=Takahashi|accessdate=23 March 2018|website=JR Kyushu official station website}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Ko sarwisaaji ==
nokkuuji Sasebo Line tan njoofata e ndeeɗoo jolngo.

== Laylaytol station ==
Staasiyoŋ oo, mo alaa gollotooɓe, ina waɗi jolɗe ɗiɗi banngeeji kuutortooɗi laabi ɗiɗi, tawi banngeeji ɗii ina njuɓɓina gooto e laabi ɗii. Mahdi station oo ko mahdi leɗɗe e mbaadi Holanndee en ndi hannde alaa gollotooɓe, ndi woni tan ko suudu daɗndo. Heɓde plateau bannge goɗɗo oo ko e laawol koyɗe..&lt;ref name=&quot;kawashima&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Kawashima|first=Ryōzō|script-title=ja: 図説: 日本の鉄道 四国・九州ライン 全線・全駅・全配線・第5巻 長崎 佐賀 エリア|year=2013|publisher=Kodansha|isbn=9784062951647|trans-title=Japan Railways Illustrated. Shikoku and Kyushu. All lines, all stations, all track layouts. Volume 5 Nagasaki Saga area|language=Japanese|pages=25, 70}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;hacchi2&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://hacchi-no-he.net/line/sasebo/station/0030_takahashi.htm|title=高橋|trans-title=Takahashi|accessdate=23 March 2018|website=hacchi-no-he.net}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Tariya Laana njoorndi ==
laamu Japon (JGR) udditi gartirgal ngal ñalnde 21 ut 1923, ko gartirgal ɓeydangal e laawol gonngol e ko wiyetee ndeen laawol mawngol Nagasaki. Ñalnde 1 desaambar 1934, laawol goɗngol toɗɗaa ko laawol mawngol Nagasaki.&lt;ref&gt;{{Teishajo|I|216}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;teishajo&quot;&gt;{{Teishajo|II|728}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Piste gollortooɗo ==
station oo, innitiraa ko Line Sasebo. E privatisaasiyoŋ laana njoorndi ngenndi Japon (JNR), lomto JGR, ñalnde 1 abriil 1987, njiimaandi jolngo ngoo arti e juuɗe JR Kyushu. 

== Limlebbi yahooɓe ==
E hitaande 2015, ko ina tolnoo e 49 689 yah-ngartaa, zum wonnoo ko 136 yah-ngartaa e yontere kala. Nokku taariindi Laawol lesdi Japon 34 Laawol lesdi Japon 498 Laawol mawngol Nagasaki Takeo-Kitagata waylo-waylo Posto Takahashi 

== Ƴeew kadi ==
Doggol nokkuuji ɗo laaɗe diwooje njolnata e nder leydi Japon 

== Tuugnorgal ==</text>
      <sha1>izdpg8wykpvk1iq5ilm14b35g276bgo</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>183591</id>
      <parentid>183590</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-21T11:39:46Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ilya Discuss</username>
        <id>10103</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>183591</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2999" sha1="6zz28fs5gqjnmb5nexo9qmmn4xngryz" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}

Gartirgal Takahashi (高橋駅, Takahashi-eki) ko gartirgal laana njoorndi njoorndi, woni ko e nokku biyeteeɗo Asahi, wuro Takeo, to diiwaan Saga, to leydi Japon..&lt;ref name=&quot;stationmap&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.jrkyushu.co.jp/english/pdf/jrkyushu_routemap_en.pdf|title=JR Kyushu Route Map|publisher=JR Kyushu|accessdate=3 March 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;hacchi&quot; /&gt; 

== Ko JR Kyushu ==

== woni gollorde nde. ==
Diidi Staasiyoŋ oo ko laana Sasebo huutortoo, ina woni 11,4 km e nokku ɗo laana kaa fuɗɗotoo to Hizen-Yamaguchi.&lt;ref name=&quot;JR&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.jrkyushu.co.jp/railway/station/1191660_1601.html|title=高橋|trans-title=Takahashi|accessdate=23 March 2018|website=JR Kyushu official station website}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Ko sarwisaaji ==
nokkuuji Sasebo Line tan njoofata e ndeeɗoo jolngo.

== Laylaytol station ==
Staasiyoŋ oo, mo alaa gollotooɓe, ina waɗi jolɗe ɗiɗi banngeeji kuutortooɗi laabi ɗiɗi, tawi banngeeji ɗii ina njuɓɓina gooto e laabi ɗii. Mahdi station oo ko mahdi leɗɗe e mbaadi Holanndee en ndi hannde alaa gollotooɓe, ndi woni tan ko suudu daɗndo. Heɓde plateau bannge goɗɗo oo ko e laawol koyɗe..&lt;ref name=&quot;kawashima&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Kawashima|first=Ryōzō|script-title=ja: 図説: 日本の鉄道 四国・九州ライン 全線・全駅・全配線・第5巻 長崎 佐賀 エリア|year=2013|publisher=Kodansha|isbn=9784062951647|trans-title=Japan Railways Illustrated. Shikoku and Kyushu. All lines, all stations, all track layouts. Volume 5 Nagasaki Saga area|language=Japanese|pages=25, 70}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;hacchi2&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://hacchi-no-he.net/line/sasebo/station/0030_takahashi.htm|title=高橋|trans-title=Takahashi|accessdate=23 March 2018|website=hacchi-no-he.net}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Tariya Laana njoorndi ==
laamu Japon (JGR) udditi gartirgal ngal ñalnde 21 ut 1923, ko gartirgal ɓeydangal e laawol gonngol e ko wiyetee ndeen laawol mawngol Nagasaki. Ñalnde 1 desaambar 1934, laawol goɗngol toɗɗaa ko laawol mawngol Nagasaki.&lt;ref&gt;{{Teishajo|I|216}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;teishajo&quot;&gt;{{Teishajo|II|728}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Piste gollortooɗo ==
station oo, innitiraa ko Line Sasebo. E privatisaasiyoŋ laana njoorndi ngenndi Japon (JNR), lomto JGR, ñalnde 1 abriil 1987, njiimaandi jolngo ngoo arti e juuɗe JR Kyushu. 

== Limlebbi yahooɓe ==
E hitaande 2015, ko ina tolnoo e 49 689 yah-ngartaa, zum wonnoo ko 136 yah-ngartaa e yontere kala. Nokku taariindi Laawol lesdi Japon 34 Laawol lesdi Japon 498 Laawol mawngol Nagasaki Takeo-Kitagata waylo-waylo Posto Takahashi.&lt;ref name=&quot;prefstats&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.pref.saga.lg.jp/kiji00359330/index.html#第12章|title=佐賀県統計年鑑（平成28年版）|trans-title=Saga Prefecture Statistics Yearbook 2016 Edition|accessdate=23 March 2018|website=Saga Prefectural Government website}} See table 12-7 at section under Transportation and Communications.&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Ƴeew kadi ==
Doggol nokkuuji ɗo laaɗe diwooje njolnata e nder leydi Japon 

== Tuugnorgal ==</text>
      <sha1>6zz28fs5gqjnmb5nexo9qmmn4xngryz</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>183592</id>
      <parentid>183591</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-21T11:40:48Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ilya Discuss</username>
        <id>10103</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>183592</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2921" sha1="iq0k2uzkv7dzz7fa3owzr1ntco2gzds" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}

Gartirgal Takahashi (高橋駅, Takahashi-eki) ko gartirgal laana njoorndi njoorndi, woni ko e nokku biyeteeɗo Asahi, wuro Takeo, to diiwaan Saga, to leydi Japon..&lt;ref name=&quot;stationmap&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.jrkyushu.co.jp/english/pdf/jrkyushu_routemap_en.pdf|title=JR Kyushu Route Map|publisher=JR Kyushu|accessdate=3 March 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;hacchi&quot; /&gt; 

== Ko JR Kyushu ==

== woni gollorde nde. ==
Diidi Staasiyoŋ oo ko laana Sasebo huutortoo, ina woni 11,4 km e nokku ɗo laana kaa fuɗɗotoo to Hizen-Yamaguchi.&lt;ref name=&quot;JR&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.jrkyushu.co.jp/railway/station/1191660_1601.html|title=高橋|trans-title=Takahashi|accessdate=23 March 2018|website=JR Kyushu official station website}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Ko sarwisaaji ==
nokkuuji Sasebo Line tan njoofata e ndeeɗoo jolngo.

== Laylaytol station ==
Staasiyoŋ oo, mo alaa gollotooɓe, ina waɗi jolɗe ɗiɗi banngeeji kuutortooɗi laabi ɗiɗi, tawi banngeeji ɗii ina njuɓɓina gooto e laabi ɗii. Mahdi station oo ko mahdi leɗɗe e mbaadi Holanndee en ndi hannde alaa gollotooɓe, ndi woni tan ko suudu daɗndo. Heɓde plateau bannge goɗɗo oo ko e laawol koyɗe..&lt;ref name=&quot;kawashima&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Kawashima|first=Ryōzō|script-title=ja: 図説: 日本の鉄道 四国・九州ライン 全線・全駅・全配線・第5巻 長崎 佐賀 エリア|year=2013|publisher=Kodansha|isbn=9784062951647|trans-title=Japan Railways Illustrated. Shikoku and Kyushu. All lines, all stations, all track layouts. Volume 5 Nagasaki Saga area|language=Japanese|pages=25, 70}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;hacchi2&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://hacchi-no-he.net/line/sasebo/station/0030_takahashi.htm|title=高橋|trans-title=Takahashi|accessdate=23 March 2018|website=hacchi-no-he.net}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Tariya Laana njoorndi ==
laamu Japon (JGR) udditi gartirgal ngal ñalnde 21 ut 1923, ko gartirgal ɓeydangal e laawol gonngol e ko wiyetee ndeen laawol mawngol Nagasaki. Ñalnde 1 desaambar 1934, laawol goɗngol toɗɗaa ko laawol mawngol Nagasa 

== Piste gollortooɗo ==
station oo, innitiraa ko Line Sasebo. E privatisaasiyoŋ laana njoorndi ngenndi Japon (JNR), lomto JGR, ñalnde 1 abriil 1987, njiimaandi jolngo ngoo arti e juuɗe JR Kyushu. 

== Limlebbi yahooɓe ==
E hitaande 2015, ko ina tolnoo e 49 689 yah-ngartaa, zum wonnoo ko 136 yah-ngartaa e yontere kala. Nokku taariindi Laawol lesdi Japon 34 Laawol lesdi Japon 498 Laawol mawngol Nagasaki Takeo-Kitagata waylo-waylo Posto Takahashi.&lt;ref name=&quot;prefstats&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.pref.saga.lg.jp/kiji00359330/index.html#第12章|title=佐賀県統計年鑑（平成28年版）|trans-title=Saga Prefecture Statistics Yearbook 2016 Edition|accessdate=23 March 2018|website=Saga Prefectural Government website}} See table 12-7 at section under Transportation and Communications.&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Ƴeew kadi ==
Doggol nokkuuji ɗo laaɗe diwooje njolnata e nder leydi Japon 

== Tuugnorgal ==</text>
      <sha1>iq0k2uzkv7dzz7fa3owzr1ntco2gzds</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Takematsu Station</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>43615</id>
    <revision>
      <id>183593</id>
      <timestamp>2026-08-21T11:43:06Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ilya Discuss</username>
        <id>10103</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;Gartirgal Takematsu (竹松駅, Takematsu-eki) ko gartirgal laana njoorndi njoorndi, woni ko e wuro Ōmura, e nder diiwaan Nagasaki, to leydi Japon. Ko JR Kyushu woni gollorde nde. Diidi Staasiyoŋ oo ko laana Ōmura gollotoo, ina woni 32,8 km e nokku ɗo laana kaa fuɗɗotoo to Haiki. Gaagaa sarwisaaji nokkuuji ɗii e dow laana kaa, Rapid Seaside Liner ina joofna kadi e gartirgol ngol. Laylaytol station Staasiyoŋ oo ina waɗi laylayti ɗiɗi gonɗi e banngeeji ɗii, in...&quot;</comment>
      <origin>183593</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2073" sha1="7d2c36pom1w1g6skllbk0mhqpknkni9" xml:space="preserve">Gartirgal Takematsu (竹松駅, Takematsu-eki) ko gartirgal laana njoorndi njoorndi, woni ko e wuro Ōmura, e nder diiwaan Nagasaki, to leydi Japon. Ko JR Kyushu woni gollorde nde. Diidi Staasiyoŋ oo ko laana Ōmura gollotoo, ina woni 32,8 km e nokku ɗo laana kaa fuɗɗotoo to Haiki. Gaagaa sarwisaaji nokkuuji ɗii e dow laana kaa, Rapid Seaside Liner ina joofna kadi e gartirgol ngol. Laylaytol station Staasiyoŋ oo ina waɗi laylayti ɗiɗi gonɗi e banngeeji ɗii, ina kuutoroo laabi ɗiɗi. Gila e yeeso, diwgol paɗe ina yahra e galle station, ko galle jamaanu mo njamndi mboɗeeri woni e mum, ina waɗi windo tikket gollotooɓe e suudu daɗndo. Heɓde plateau bannge goɗɗo oo ko e laawol taƴgol tolno e paɗe e banngeeji ɗiɗi ɗii kala. Njuɓɓudi dingiral ngal rokkaama JR Kyushu Tetsudou Eigyou Co., woni fedde nde jeyaa ko e JR Kyushu, keɓtinirnde golle dingiral. Ina gollina windo tikket mo masiŋ POS kono alaa nokku Midori no Madoguchi. Plateauji 1 ■ Laana Ōmura ngam Huis sappo Bosch e Sasebo 2 ■ Laana Ōmura ngam Isahaya e Nagasaki Plateau 1 Plateau 1 Damal 2 Damal 2 Tariya Laana njoorndi laamu Japon (JGR) udditi gartirgal ngal ñalnde 25 mee 1922, ko gartirgal ɓeydangal e ko wiyetee ndeen laawol mawngol Nagasaki. Ñalnde 1 desaambar 1934, laawol goɗngol rokkaama innde laana mawka Nagasaki e laawol ummoraade Haiki, rewrude e Takematsu haa Isahaya inniraama laana Ōmura. E privatisaasiyoŋ laana njoorndi ngenndi Japon (JNR), lomto JGR, ñalnde 1 abriil 1987, njiimaandi jolngo ngoo arti e juuɗe JR Kyushu. Limlebbi yahooɓe E hitaande 2020, dingiral ngal huutortenoo ko e 945 neɗɗo ñalnde kala (yaɓɓooɓe tan), tee ngal woni ko e 141ɓo e dingiral ɓurngal heewde yimɓe e JR Kyushu. Nokku taariindi Laawol ngenndiwal 34 Duɗal leslesal Takematsu wuro Omura Duɗal leslesal Tonohara wuro Omura Duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Sakuragahara wuro Omura Biro Catal Takematsu wuro Ōmura Gartirgol Shin-Ōmura (Laawol Nagasaki/Nishi-Kyushu, e nder peeje) Ƴeew kadi Doggol nokkuuji ɗo laaɗe diwooje njolnata e nder leydi Japon Tuugnorgal</text>
      <sha1>7d2c36pom1w1g6skllbk0mhqpknkni9</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>183594</id>
      <parentid>183593</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-21T11:43:51Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ilya Discuss</username>
        <id>10103</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>183594</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2084" sha1="ncxdr76xerl42ceqakxagri0y1mp1pb" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}Gartirgal Takematsu (竹松駅, Takematsu-eki) ko gartirgal laana njoorndi njoorndi, woni ko e wuro Ōmura, e nder diiwaan Nagasaki, to leydi Japon. Ko JR Kyushu woni gollorde nde. Diidi Staasiyoŋ oo ko laana Ōmura gollotoo, ina woni 32,8 km e nokku ɗo laana kaa fuɗɗotoo to Haiki. Gaagaa sarwisaaji nokkuuji ɗii e dow laana kaa, Rapid Seaside Liner ina joofna kadi e gartirgol ngol. Laylaytol station Staasiyoŋ oo ina waɗi laylayti ɗiɗi gonɗi e banngeeji ɗii, ina kuutoroo laabi ɗiɗi. Gila e yeeso, diwgol paɗe ina yahra e galle station, ko galle jamaanu mo njamndi mboɗeeri woni e mum, ina waɗi windo tikket gollotooɓe e suudu daɗndo. Heɓde plateau bannge goɗɗo oo ko e laawol taƴgol tolno e paɗe e banngeeji ɗiɗi ɗii kala. Njuɓɓudi dingiral ngal rokkaama JR Kyushu Tetsudou Eigyou Co., woni fedde nde jeyaa ko e JR Kyushu, keɓtinirnde golle dingiral. Ina gollina windo tikket mo masiŋ POS kono alaa nokku Midori no Madoguchi. Plateauji 1 ■ Laana Ōmura ngam Huis sappo Bosch e Sasebo 2 ■ Laana Ōmura ngam Isahaya e Nagasaki Plateau 1 Plateau 1 Damal 2 Damal 2 Tariya Laana njoorndi laamu Japon (JGR) udditi gartirgal ngal ñalnde 25 mee 1922, ko gartirgal ɓeydangal e ko wiyetee ndeen laawol mawngol Nagasaki. Ñalnde 1 desaambar 1934, laawol goɗngol rokkaama innde laana mawka Nagasaki e laawol ummoraade Haiki, rewrude e Takematsu haa Isahaya inniraama laana Ōmura. E privatisaasiyoŋ laana njoorndi ngenndi Japon (JNR), lomto JGR, ñalnde 1 abriil 1987, njiimaandi jolngo ngoo arti e juuɗe JR Kyushu. Limlebbi yahooɓe E hitaande 2020, dingiral ngal huutortenoo ko e 945 neɗɗo ñalnde kala (yaɓɓooɓe tan), tee ngal woni ko e 141ɓo e dingiral ɓurngal heewde yimɓe e JR Kyushu. Nokku taariindi Laawol ngenndiwal 34 Duɗal leslesal Takematsu wuro Omura Duɗal leslesal Tonohara wuro Omura Duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Sakuragahara wuro Omura Biro Catal Takematsu wuro Ōmura Gartirgol Shin-Ōmura (Laawol Nagasaki/Nishi-Kyushu, e nder peeje) Ƴeew kadi Doggol nokkuuji ɗo laaɗe diwooje njolnata e nder leydi Japon Tuugnorgal</text>
      <sha1>ncxdr76xerl42ceqakxagri0y1mp1pb</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>183595</id>
      <parentid>183594</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-21T11:47:21Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ilya Discuss</username>
        <id>10103</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>183595</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2148" sha1="r5si5fbggv2d5ko7cdq1rd6ofgc6ixt" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}'''Gartirgal Takematsu''' (竹松駅, Takematsu-eki) ko gartirgal laana njoorndi njoorndi, woni ko e wuro Ōmura, e nder diiwaan Nagasaki, to leydi Japon. Ko JR Kyushu woni gollorde nde. Diidi Staasiyoŋ oo ko laana Ōmura gollotoo, ina woni 32,8 km e nokku ɗo laana kaa fuɗɗotoo to Haiki. 

== Gaagaa sarwisaaji ==
nokkuuji ɗii e dow laana kaa, Rapid Seaside Liner ina joofna kadi e gartirgol ngol. Laylaytol station Staasiyoŋ oo ina waɗi laylayti ɗiɗi gonɗi e banngeeji ɗii, ina kuutoroo laabi ɗiɗi. Gila e yeeso, diwgol paɗe ina yahra e galle station, ko galle jamaanu mo njamndi mboɗeeri woni e mum, ina waɗi windo tikket gollotooɓe e suudu daɗndo. 

== Heɓde plateau ==
bannge goɗɗo oo ko e laawol taƴgol tolno e paɗe e banngeeji ɗiɗi ɗii kala. Njuɓɓudi dingiral ngal rokkaama JR Kyushu Tetsudou Eigyou Co., woni fedde nde jeyaa ko e JR Kyushu, keɓtinirnde golle dingiral. 

Ina gollina windo tikket mo masiŋ POS kono alaa nokku Midori no Madoguchi. Plateauji 1 ■ Laana Ōmura ngam Huis sappo Bosch e Sasebo 2 ■ Laana Ōmura ngam Isahaya e Nagasaki Plateau 1 Plateau 1 Damal 2 Damal 2 Tariya Laana njoorndi laamu Japon (JGR) udditi gartirgal ngal ñalnde 25 mee 1922, ko gartirgal ɓeydangal e ko wiyetee ndeen laawol mawngol Nagasaki. 

Ñalnde 1 desaambar 1934, laawol goɗngol rokkaama innde laana mawka Nagasaki e laawol ummoraade Haiki, rewrude e Takematsu haa Isahaya inniraama laana Ōmura. 

== E privatisaasiyoŋ ==
laana njoorndi ngenndi Japon (JNR), lomto JGR, ñalnde 1 abriil 1987, njiimaandi jolngo ngoo arti e juuɗe JR Kyushu.

== Limlebbi yahooɓe ==
E hitaande 2020, dingiral ngal huutortenoo ko e 945 neɗɗo ñalnde kala (yaɓɓooɓe tan), tee ngal woni ko e 141ɓo e dingiral ɓurngal heewde yimɓe e JR Kyushu. 

== Nokku taariindi ==
Laawol ngenndiwal 34 Duɗal leslesal Takematsu wuro Omura Duɗal leslesal Tonohara wuro Omura Duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Sakuragahara wuro Omura Biro Catal Takematsu wuro Ōmura Gartirgol Shin-Ōmura (Laawol Nagasaki/Nishi-Kyushu, e nder peeje)

== Ƴeew kadi ==
Doggol nokkuuji ɗo laaɗe diwooje njolnata e nder leydi Japon 

== Tuugnorgal ==</text>
      <sha1>r5si5fbggv2d5ko7cdq1rd6ofgc6ixt</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>183596</id>
      <parentid>183595</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-21T11:48:24Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ilya Discuss</username>
        <id>10103</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>183596</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2348" sha1="mvbrljz4awjyz2ptmh992ejqxx0m8ke" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}'''Gartirgal Takematsu''' (竹松駅, Takematsu-eki) ko gartirgal laana njoorndi njoorndi, woni ko e wuro Ōmura, e nder diiwaan Nagasaki, to leydi Japon. Ko JR Kyushu woni gollorde nde. Diidi Staasiyoŋ oo ko laana Ōmura gollotoo, ina woni 32,8 km e nokku ɗo laana kaa fuɗɗotoo to Haiki.&lt;ref name=&quot;stationmap&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.jrkyushu.co.jp/english/pdf/jrkyushu_routemap_en.pdf|title=JR Kyushu Route Map|publisher=JR Kyushu|accessdate=3 March 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;hacchi&quot; /&gt; 

== Gaagaa sarwisaaji ==
nokkuuji ɗii e dow laana kaa, Rapid Seaside Liner ina joofna kadi e gartirgol ngol. Laylaytol station Staasiyoŋ oo ina waɗi laylayti ɗiɗi gonɗi e banngeeji ɗii, ina kuutoroo laabi ɗiɗi. Gila e yeeso, diwgol paɗe ina yahra e galle station, ko galle jamaanu mo njamndi mboɗeeri woni e mum, ina waɗi windo tikket gollotooɓe e suudu daɗndo. 

== Heɓde plateau ==
bannge goɗɗo oo ko e laawol taƴgol tolno e paɗe e banngeeji ɗiɗi ɗii kala. Njuɓɓudi dingiral ngal rokkaama JR Kyushu Tetsudou Eigyou Co., woni fedde nde jeyaa ko e JR Kyushu, keɓtinirnde golle dingiral. 

Ina gollina windo tikket mo masiŋ POS kono alaa nokku Midori no Madoguchi. Plateauji 1 ■ Laana Ōmura ngam Huis sappo Bosch e Sasebo 2 ■ Laana Ōmura ngam Isahaya e Nagasaki Plateau 1 Plateau 1 Damal 2 Damal 2 Tariya Laana njoorndi laamu Japon (JGR) udditi gartirgal ngal ñalnde 25 mee 1922, ko gartirgal ɓeydangal e ko wiyetee ndeen laawol mawngol Nagasaki. 

Ñalnde 1 desaambar 1934, laawol goɗngol rokkaama innde laana mawka Nagasaki e laawol ummoraade Haiki, rewrude e Takematsu haa Isahaya inniraama laana Ōmura. 

== E privatisaasiyoŋ ==
laana njoorndi ngenndi Japon (JNR), lomto JGR, ñalnde 1 abriil 1987, njiimaandi jolngo ngoo arti e juuɗe JR Kyushu.

== Limlebbi yahooɓe ==
E hitaande 2020, dingiral ngal huutortenoo ko e 945 neɗɗo ñalnde kala (yaɓɓooɓe tan), tee ngal woni ko e 141ɓo e dingiral ɓurngal heewde yimɓe e JR Kyushu. 

== Nokku taariindi ==
Laawol ngenndiwal 34 Duɗal leslesal Takematsu wuro Omura Duɗal leslesal Tonohara wuro Omura Duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Sakuragahara wuro Omura Biro Catal Takematsu wuro Ōmura Gartirgol Shin-Ōmura (Laawol Nagasaki/Nishi-Kyushu, e nder peeje)

== Ƴeew kadi ==
Doggol nokkuuji ɗo laaɗe diwooje njolnata e nder leydi Japon 

== Tuugnorgal ==</text>
      <sha1>mvbrljz4awjyz2ptmh992ejqxx0m8ke</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>183597</id>
      <parentid>183596</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-21T11:49:30Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ilya Discuss</username>
        <id>10103</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>183597</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2575" sha1="tgkzs05mme710254vmpcm1i9j0ebgs7" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}'''Gartirgal Takematsu''' (竹松駅, Takematsu-eki) ko gartirgal laana njoorndi njoorndi, woni ko e wuro Ōmura, e nder diiwaan Nagasaki, to leydi Japon. Ko JR Kyushu woni gollorde nde. Diidi Staasiyoŋ oo ko laana Ōmura gollotoo, ina woni 32,8 km e nokku ɗo laana kaa fuɗɗotoo to Haiki.&lt;ref name=&quot;stationmap&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.jrkyushu.co.jp/english/pdf/jrkyushu_routemap_en.pdf|title=JR Kyushu Route Map|publisher=JR Kyushu|accessdate=3 March 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;hacchi&quot; /&gt; 

== Gaagaa sarwisaaji ==
nokkuuji ɗii e dow laana kaa, Rapid Seaside Liner ina joofna kadi e gartirgol ngol. Laylaytol station Staasiyoŋ oo ina waɗi laylayti ɗiɗi gonɗi e banngeeji ɗii, ina kuutoroo laabi ɗiɗi. Gila e yeeso, diwgol paɗe ina yahra e galle station, ko galle jamaanu mo njamndi mboɗeeri woni e mum, ina waɗi windo tikket gollotooɓe e suudu daɗndo..&lt;ref name=&quot;kawashima&quot; /&gt;.&lt;ref name=&quot;JR&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.jrkyushu.co.jp/railway/station/1191671_1601.html|title=竹松|trans-title=Takematsu|accessdate=19 March 2018|website=JR Kyushu official station website}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Heɓde plateau ==
bannge goɗɗo oo ko e laawol taƴgol tolno e paɗe e banngeeji ɗiɗi ɗii kala. Njuɓɓudi dingiral ngal rokkaama JR Kyushu Tetsudou Eigyou Co., woni fedde nde jeyaa ko e JR Kyushu, keɓtinirnde golle dingiral. 

Ina gollina windo tikket mo masiŋ POS kono alaa nokku Midori no Madoguchi. Plateauji 1 ■ Laana Ōmura ngam Huis sappo Bosch e Sasebo 2 ■ Laana Ōmura ngam Isahaya e Nagasaki Plateau 1 Plateau 1 Damal 2 Damal 2 Tariya Laana njoorndi laamu Japon (JGR) udditi gartirgal ngal ñalnde 25 mee 1922, ko gartirgal ɓeydangal e ko wiyetee ndeen laawol mawngol Nagasaki. 

Ñalnde 1 desaambar 1934, laawol goɗngol rokkaama innde laana mawka Nagasaki e laawol ummoraade Haiki, rewrude e Takematsu haa Isahaya inniraama laana Ōmura. 

== E privatisaasiyoŋ ==
laana njoorndi ngenndi Japon (JNR), lomto JGR, ñalnde 1 abriil 1987, njiimaandi jolngo ngoo arti e juuɗe JR Kyushu.

== Limlebbi yahooɓe ==
E hitaande 2020, dingiral ngal huutortenoo ko e 945 neɗɗo ñalnde kala (yaɓɓooɓe tan), tee ngal woni ko e 141ɓo e dingiral ɓurngal heewde yimɓe e JR Kyushu. 

== Nokku taariindi ==
Laawol ngenndiwal 34 Duɗal leslesal Takematsu wuro Omura Duɗal leslesal Tonohara wuro Omura Duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Sakuragahara wuro Omura Biro Catal Takematsu wuro Ōmura Gartirgol Shin-Ōmura (Laawol Nagasaki/Nishi-Kyushu, e nder peeje)

== Ƴeew kadi ==
Doggol nokkuuji ɗo laaɗe diwooje njolnata e nder leydi Japon 

== Tuugnorgal ==</text>
      <sha1>tgkzs05mme710254vmpcm1i9j0ebgs7</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>183599</id>
      <parentid>183597</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-21T11:50:21Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ilya Discuss</username>
        <id>10103</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>183599</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3175" sha1="cy4tjv9s8k8n7jmyhsqv2qxofxtljj6" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}'''Gartirgal Takematsu''' (竹松駅, Takematsu-eki) ko gartirgal laana njoorndi njoorndi, woni ko e wuro Ōmura, e nder diiwaan Nagasaki, to leydi Japon. Ko JR Kyushu woni gollorde nde. Diidi Staasiyoŋ oo ko laana Ōmura gollotoo, ina woni 32,8 km e nokku ɗo laana kaa fuɗɗotoo to Haiki.&lt;ref name=&quot;stationmap&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.jrkyushu.co.jp/english/pdf/jrkyushu_routemap_en.pdf|title=JR Kyushu Route Map|publisher=JR Kyushu|accessdate=3 March 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;hacchi&quot; /&gt; 

== Gaagaa sarwisaaji ==
nokkuuji ɗii e dow laana kaa, Rapid Seaside Liner ina joofna kadi e gartirgol ngol. Laylaytol station Staasiyoŋ oo ina waɗi laylayti ɗiɗi gonɗi e banngeeji ɗii, ina kuutoroo laabi ɗiɗi. Gila e yeeso, diwgol paɗe ina yahra e galle station, ko galle jamaanu mo njamndi mboɗeeri woni e mum, ina waɗi windo tikket gollotooɓe e suudu daɗndo..&lt;ref name=&quot;kawashima&quot; /&gt;.&lt;ref name=&quot;JR&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.jrkyushu.co.jp/railway/station/1191671_1601.html|title=竹松|trans-title=Takematsu|accessdate=19 March 2018|website=JR Kyushu official station website}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Heɓde plateau ==
bannge goɗɗo oo ko e laawol taƴgol tolno e paɗe e banngeeji ɗiɗi ɗii kala. Njuɓɓudi dingiral ngal rokkaama JR Kyushu Tetsudou Eigyou Co., woni fedde nde jeyaa ko e JR Kyushu, keɓtinirnde golle dingiral. 

Ina gollina windo tikket mo masiŋ POS kono alaa nokku Midori no Madoguchi. Plateauji 1 ■ Laana Ōmura ngam Huis sappo Bosch e Sasebo 2 ■ Laana Ōmura ngam Isahaya e Nagasaki Plateau 1 Plateau 1 Damal 2 Damal 2 Tariya Laana njoorndi laamu Japon (JGR) udditi gartirgal ngal ñalnde 25 mee 1922, ko gartirgal ɓeydangal e ko wiyetee ndeen laawol mawngol Nagasaki. 

Ñalnde 1 desaambar 1934, laawol goɗngol rokkaama innde laana mawka Nagasaki e laawol ummoraade Haiki, rewrude e Takematsu haa Isahaya inniraama laana Ōmura.&lt;ref name=&quot;hacchi2&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://hacchi-no-he.net/line/oomura/station/0080_takematsu.htm|title=竹松|trans-title=Takematsu|accessdate=19 March 2018|website=hacchi-no-he.net}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;kawashima2&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Kawashima|first=Ryōzō|script-title=ja: 図説: 日本の鉄道 四国・九州ライン 全線・全駅・全配線・第5巻 長崎 佐賀 エリア|year=2013|publisher=Kodansha|isbn=9784062951647|trans-title=Japan Railways Illustrated. Shikoku and Kyushu. All lines, all stations, all track layouts. Volume 5 Nagasaki Saga area|language=Japanese|pages=36, 73}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

== E privatisaasiyoŋ ==
laana njoorndi ngenndi Japon (JNR), lomto JGR, ñalnde 1 abriil 1987, njiimaandi jolngo ngoo arti e juuɗe JR Kyushu.

== Limlebbi yahooɓe ==
E hitaande 2020, dingiral ngal huutortenoo ko e 945 neɗɗo ñalnde kala (yaɓɓooɓe tan), tee ngal woni ko e 141ɓo e dingiral ɓurngal heewde yimɓe e JR Kyushu. 

== Nokku taariindi ==
Laawol ngenndiwal 34 Duɗal leslesal Takematsu wuro Omura Duɗal leslesal Tonohara wuro Omura Duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Sakuragahara wuro Omura Biro Catal Takematsu wuro Ōmura Gartirgol Shin-Ōmura (Laawol Nagasaki/Nishi-Kyushu, e nder peeje)

== Ƴeew kadi ==
Doggol nokkuuji ɗo laaɗe diwooje njolnata e nder leydi Japon 

== Tuugnorgal ==</text>
      <sha1>cy4tjv9s8k8n7jmyhsqv2qxofxtljj6</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>183601</id>
      <parentid>183599</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-21T11:51:23Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ilya Discuss</username>
        <id>10103</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>183601</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3250" sha1="tg99zqcl68d0bl7v37jpfz0lu8ejt83" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}'''Gartirgal Takematsu''' (竹松駅, Takematsu-eki) ko gartirgal laana njoorndi njoorndi, woni ko e wuro Ōmura, e nder diiwaan Nagasaki, to leydi Japon. Ko JR Kyushu woni gollorde nde. Diidi Staasiyoŋ oo ko laana Ōmura gollotoo, ina woni 32,8 km e nokku ɗo laana kaa fuɗɗotoo to Haiki.&lt;ref name=&quot;stationmap&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.jrkyushu.co.jp/english/pdf/jrkyushu_routemap_en.pdf|title=JR Kyushu Route Map|publisher=JR Kyushu|accessdate=3 March 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;hacchi&quot; /&gt; 

== Gaagaa sarwisaaji ==
nokkuuji ɗii e dow laana kaa, Rapid Seaside Liner ina joofna kadi e gartirgol ngol. Laylaytol station Staasiyoŋ oo ina waɗi laylayti ɗiɗi gonɗi e banngeeji ɗii, ina kuutoroo laabi ɗiɗi. Gila e yeeso, diwgol paɗe ina yahra e galle station, ko galle jamaanu mo njamndi mboɗeeri woni e mum, ina waɗi windo tikket gollotooɓe e suudu daɗndo..&lt;ref name=&quot;kawashima&quot; /&gt;.&lt;ref name=&quot;JR&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.jrkyushu.co.jp/railway/station/1191671_1601.html|title=竹松|trans-title=Takematsu|accessdate=19 March 2018|website=JR Kyushu official station website}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Heɓde plateau ==
bannge goɗɗo oo ko e laawol taƴgol tolno e paɗe e banngeeji ɗiɗi ɗii kala. Njuɓɓudi dingiral ngal rokkaama JR Kyushu Tetsudou Eigyou Co., woni fedde nde jeyaa ko e JR Kyushu, keɓtinirnde golle dingiral.&lt;ref&gt;{{Teishajo|I|227}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;teishajo&quot;&gt;{{Teishajo|II|738}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Ina gollina windo tikket mo masiŋ POS kono alaa nokku Midori no Madoguchi. Plateauji 1 ■ Laana Ōmura ngam Huis sappo Bosch e Sasebo 2 ■ Laana Ōmura ngam Isahaya e Nagasaki Plateau 1 Plateau 1 Damal 2 Damal 2 Tariya Laana njoorndi laamu Japon (JGR) udditi gartirgal ngal ñalnde 25 mee 1922, ko gartirgal ɓeydangal e ko wiyetee ndeen laawol mawngol Nagasaki. 

Ñalnde 1 desaambar 1934, laawol goɗngol rokkaama innde laana mawka Nagasaki e laawol ummoraade Haiki, rewrude e Takematsu haa Isahaya inniraama laana Ōmura.&lt;ref name=&quot;hacchi2&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://hacchi-no-he.net/line/oomura/station/0080_takematsu.htm|title=竹松|trans-title=Takematsu|accessdate=19 March 2018|website=hacchi-no-he.net}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;kawashima2&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Kawashima|first=Ryōzō|script-title=ja: 図説: 日本の鉄道 四国・九州ライン 全線・全駅・全配線・第5巻 長崎 佐賀 エリア|year=2013|publisher=Kodansha|isbn=9784062951647|trans-title=Japan Railways Illustrated. Shikoku and Kyushu. All lines, all stations, all track layouts. Volume 5 Nagasaki Saga area|language=Japanese|pages=36, 73}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

== E privatisaasiyoŋ ==
laana njoorndi ngenndi Japon (JNR), lomto JGR, ñalnde 1 abriil 1987, njiimaandi jolngo ngoo arti e juuɗe JR Kyushu.

== Limlebbi yahooɓe ==
E hitaande 2020, dingiral ngal huutortenoo ko e 945 neɗɗo ñalnde kala (yaɓɓooɓe tan), tee ngal woni ko e 141ɓo e dingiral ɓurngal heewde yimɓe e JR Kyushu. 

== Nokku taariindi ==
Laawol ngenndiwal 34 Duɗal leslesal Takematsu wuro Omura Duɗal leslesal Tonohara wuro Omura Duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Sakuragahara wuro Omura Biro Catal Takematsu wuro Ōmura Gartirgol Shin-Ōmura (Laawol Nagasaki/Nishi-Kyushu, e nder peeje)

== Ƴeew kadi ==
Doggol nokkuuji ɗo laaɗe diwooje njolnata e nder leydi Japon 

== Tuugnorgal ==</text>
      <sha1>tg99zqcl68d0bl7v37jpfz0lu8ejt83</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>183602</id>
      <parentid>183601</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-21T11:52:22Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ilya Discuss</username>
        <id>10103</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>183602</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3429" sha1="f4b03mn57a3fmpzw77iuxuq14wlquih" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}'''Gartirgal Takematsu''' (竹松駅, Takematsu-eki) ko gartirgal laana njoorndi njoorndi, woni ko e wuro Ōmura, e nder diiwaan Nagasaki, to leydi Japon. Ko JR Kyushu woni gollorde nde. Diidi Staasiyoŋ oo ko laana Ōmura gollotoo, ina woni 32,8 km e nokku ɗo laana kaa fuɗɗotoo to Haiki.&lt;ref name=&quot;stationmap&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.jrkyushu.co.jp/english/pdf/jrkyushu_routemap_en.pdf|title=JR Kyushu Route Map|publisher=JR Kyushu|accessdate=3 March 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;hacchi&quot; /&gt; 

== Gaagaa sarwisaaji ==
nokkuuji ɗii e dow laana kaa, Rapid Seaside Liner ina joofna kadi e gartirgol ngol. Laylaytol station Staasiyoŋ oo ina waɗi laylayti ɗiɗi gonɗi e banngeeji ɗii, ina kuutoroo laabi ɗiɗi. Gila e yeeso, diwgol paɗe ina yahra e galle station, ko galle jamaanu mo njamndi mboɗeeri woni e mum, ina waɗi windo tikket gollotooɓe e suudu daɗndo..&lt;ref name=&quot;kawashima&quot; /&gt;.&lt;ref name=&quot;JR&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.jrkyushu.co.jp/railway/station/1191671_1601.html|title=竹松|trans-title=Takematsu|accessdate=19 March 2018|website=JR Kyushu official station website}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Heɓde plateau ==
bannge goɗɗo oo ko e laawol taƴgol tolno e paɗe e banngeeji ɗiɗi ɗii kala. Njuɓɓudi dingiral ngal rokkaama JR Kyushu Tetsudou Eigyou Co., woni fedde nde jeyaa ko e JR Kyushu, keɓtinirnde golle dingiral.&lt;ref&gt;{{Teishajo|I|227}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;teishajo&quot;&gt;{{Teishajo|II|738}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Ina gollina windo tikket mo masiŋ POS kono alaa nokku Midori no Madoguchi. Plateauji 1 ■ Laana Ōmura ngam Huis sappo Bosch e Sasebo 2 ■ Laana Ōmura ngam Isahaya e Nagasaki Plateau 1 Plateau 1 Damal 2 Damal 2 Tariya Laana njoorndi laamu Japon (JGR) udditi gartirgal ngal ñalnde 25 mee 1922, ko gartirgal ɓeydangal e ko wiyetee ndeen laawol mawngol Nagasaki. 

Ñalnde 1 desaambar 1934, laawol goɗngol rokkaama innde laana mawka Nagasaki e laawol ummoraade Haiki, rewrude e Takematsu haa Isahaya inniraama laana Ōmura.&lt;ref name=&quot;hacchi2&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://hacchi-no-he.net/line/oomura/station/0080_takematsu.htm|title=竹松|trans-title=Takematsu|accessdate=19 March 2018|website=hacchi-no-he.net}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;kawashima2&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Kawashima|first=Ryōzō|script-title=ja: 図説: 日本の鉄道 四国・九州ライン 全線・全駅・全配線・第5巻 長崎 佐賀 エリア|year=2013|publisher=Kodansha|isbn=9784062951647|trans-title=Japan Railways Illustrated. Shikoku and Kyushu. All lines, all stations, all track layouts. Volume 5 Nagasaki Saga area|language=Japanese|pages=36, 73}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

== E privatisaasiyoŋ ==
laana njoorndi ngenndi Japon (JNR), lomto JGR, ñalnde 1 abriil 1987, njiimaandi jolngo ngoo arti e juuɗe JR Kyushu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=駅別乗車人員上位300駅（2020年度）|url=https://www.jrkyushu.co.jp/company/info/data/pdf/2020ekibetsu.pdf|format=PDF|accessdate=2023-09-08}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Limlebbi yahooɓe ==
E hitaande 2020, dingiral ngal huutortenoo ko e 945 neɗɗo ñalnde kala (yaɓɓooɓe tan), tee ngal woni ko e 141ɓo e dingiral ɓurngal heewde yimɓe e JR Kyushu. 

== Nokku taariindi ==
Laawol ngenndiwal 34 Duɗal leslesal Takematsu wuro Omura Duɗal leslesal Tonohara wuro Omura Duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Sakuragahara wuro Omura Biro Catal Takematsu wuro Ōmura Gartirgol Shin-Ōmura (Laawol Nagasaki/Nishi-Kyushu, e nder peeje)

== Ƴeew kadi ==
Doggol nokkuuji ɗo laaɗe diwooje njolnata e nder leydi Japon 

== Tuugnorgal ==</text>
      <sha1>f4b03mn57a3fmpzw77iuxuq14wlquih</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>183603</id>
      <parentid>183602</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-21T11:53:27Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ilya Discuss</username>
        <id>10103</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>183603</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2793" sha1="2ggfikymihf3s5otaiweo59gp5ppj3l" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}'''Gartirgal Takematsu''' (竹松駅, Takematsu-eki) ko gartirgal laana njoorndi njoorndi, woni ko e wuro Ōmura, e nder diiwaan Nagasaki, to leydi Japon. Ko JR Kyushu woni gollorde nde. Diidi Staasiyoŋ oo ko laana Ōmura gollotoo, ina woni 32,8 km e nokku ɗo laana kaa fuɗɗotoo to Haiki.&lt;ref name=&quot;stationmap&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.jrkyushu.co.jp/english/pdf/jrkyushu_routemap_en.pdf|title=JR Kyushu Route Map|publisher=JR Kyushu|accessdate=3 March 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;hacchi&quot; /&gt; 

== Gaagaa sarwisaaji ==
nokkuuji ɗii e dow laana kaa, Rapid Seaside Liner ina joofna kadi e gartirgol ngol. Laylaytol station Staasiyoŋ oo ina waɗi laylayti ɗiɗi gonɗi e banngeeji ɗii, ina kuutoroo laabi ɗiɗi. Gila e yeeso, diwgol paɗe ina yahra e galle station, ko galle jamaanu mo njamndi mboɗeeri woni e mum, ina waɗi windo tikket gollotooɓe e suudu daɗndo.. 

== Heɓde plateau ==
bannge goɗɗo oo ko e laawol taƴgol tolno e paɗe e banngeeji ɗiɗi ɗii kala. Njuɓɓudi dingiral ngal rokkaama JR Kyushu Tetsudou Eigyou Co., woni fedde nde jeyaa ko e JR Kyushu, keɓtinirnde golle dingiral.&lt;ref&gt;{{Teishajo|I|227}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;teishajo&quot;&gt;{{Teishajo|II|738}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Ina gollina windo tikket mo masiŋ POS kono alaa nokku Midori no Madoguchi. Plateauji 1 ■ Laana Ōmura ngam Huis sappo Bosch e Sasebo 2 ■ Laana Ōmura ngam Isahaya e Nagasaki Plateau 1 Plateau 1 Damal 2 Damal 2 Tariya Laana njoorndi laamu Japon (JGR) udditi gartirgal ngal ñalnde 25 mee 1922, ko gartirgal ɓeydangal e ko wiyetee ndeen laawol mawngol Nagasaki. 

Ñalnde 1 desaambar 1934, laawol goɗngol rokkaama innde laana mawka Nagasaki e laawol ummoraade Haiki, rewrude e Takematsu haa Isahaya inniraama laana Ōmura.&lt;ref name=&quot;hacchi2&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://hacchi-no-he.net/line/oomura/station/0080_takematsu.htm|title=竹松|trans-title=Takematsu|accessdate=19 March 2018|website=hacchi-no-he.net}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

== E privatisaasiyoŋ ==
laana njoorndi ngenndi Japon (JNR), lomto JGR, ñalnde 1 abriil 1987, njiimaandi jolngo ngoo arti e juuɗe JR Kyushu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=駅別乗車人員上位300駅（2020年度）|url=https://www.jrkyushu.co.jp/company/info/data/pdf/2020ekibetsu.pdf|format=PDF|accessdate=2023-09-08}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Limlebbi yahooɓe ==
E hitaande 2020, dingiral ngal huutortenoo ko e 945 neɗɗo ñalnde kala (yaɓɓooɓe tan), tee ngal woni ko e 141ɓo e dingiral ɓurngal heewde yimɓe e JR Kyushu. 

== Nokku taariindi ==
Laawol ngenndiwal 34 Duɗal leslesal Takematsu wuro Omura Duɗal leslesal Tonohara wuro Omura Duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Sakuragahara wuro Omura Biro Catal Takematsu wuro Ōmura Gartirgol Shin-Ōmura (Laawol Nagasaki/Nishi-Kyushu, e nder peeje)

== Ƴeew kadi ==
Doggol nokkuuji ɗo laaɗe diwooje njolnata e nder leydi Japon 

== Tuugnorgal ==</text>
      <sha1>2ggfikymihf3s5otaiweo59gp5ppj3l</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Taku Station</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>43616</id>
    <revision>
      <id>183604</id>
      <timestamp>2026-08-21T11:57:07Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ilya Discuss</username>
        <id>10103</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;Gartirgal Taku (多久駅, Taku-eki) ko gartirgol laana njoorndi yahooɓe e laawol Karatsu ngol JR Kyushu huutortoo tawa ko e wuro Taku, e nder diiwaan Saga, Japon. Diidi Stasiyoŋ oo ko laana Karatsu woni e mum, ina woni 15,2 km e nokku ɗo laana kaa fuɗɗotoo to Kubota. Laylaytol station Staasiyoŋ oo ina waɗi plateau duunde ina huutoroo laabi ɗiɗi. Mahdi station oo ko mbaydi toowndi ɗo nokkuuji yahooɓe ɓee mbaɗetee e dow ŋoral gonngal e ŋoral. Gaagaa rokkude...&quot;</comment>
      <origin>183604</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1524" sha1="ne84iohdgjkz8m6bmmowshga9msbawd" xml:space="preserve">Gartirgal Taku (多久駅, Taku-eki) ko gartirgol laana njoorndi yahooɓe e laawol Karatsu ngol JR Kyushu huutortoo tawa ko e wuro Taku, e nder diiwaan Saga, Japon. Diidi Stasiyoŋ oo ko laana Karatsu woni e mum, ina woni 15,2 km e nokku ɗo laana kaa fuɗɗotoo to Kubota. Laylaytol station Staasiyoŋ oo ina waɗi plateau duunde ina huutoroo laabi ɗiɗi. Mahdi station oo ko mbaydi toowndi ɗo nokkuuji yahooɓe ɓee mbaɗetee e dow ŋoral gonngal e ŋoral. Gaagaa rokkude naatde e laylaytol duunde ndee, tolno ɗiɗaɓo oo ina waɗi nokku ɗo njippirtee e windo tikket. Pont oo kadi ina huutoree no feewi ngam yahooɓe e koyɗe ina mbaawi taccude gila bannge worgo haa bannge fuɗnaange dingiral ngal. Ko sara station oo ko nokkuuji renndo e duɗe. Njuɓɓudi dingiral ngal rokkaama JR Kyushu Tetsudou Eigyou Co., woni fedde nde jeyaa ko e JR Kyushu, keɓtinirnde golle dingiral. Ina gollina windo tikket mo masiŋ POS kono alaa nokku Midori no Madoguchi. Plateauji 1 ■ Line Karatsu JK ngam Karatsu e Nishi-Karatsu 2 ■ Line JK Karatsu ngam Ogi e Saga Yiyngo plateau e hitaande 2008. Naatgol fuɗnaange ko bannge nano. Nokku gonɗo sara damal fuɗnaange ngal mahaaka tawo. Yiyngo plateau e hitaande 2008. Naatgol fuɗnaange ko bannge nano. Nokku gonɗo sara damal fuɗnaange ngal mahaaka tawo. Naatgol worgo ngol e hitaande 2016 jooni mahii. To bannge nano ko nokkuuji renndo e duɗe ɗe ngonaa e station. Naatgol worgo ngol e hitaande 2016 jooni mahii. To bannge nano ko nokkuuji renndo e duɗe ɗe ngonaa e station.</text>
      <sha1>ne84iohdgjkz8m6bmmowshga9msbawd</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>183605</id>
      <parentid>183604</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-21T11:58:28Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ilya Discuss</username>
        <id>10103</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>183605</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2674" sha1="jp1rama162rv3qtu8xbq4lufj26ejw0" xml:space="preserve">Gartirgal Taku (多久駅, Taku-eki) ko gartirgol laana njoorndi yahooɓe e laawol Karatsu ngol JR Kyushu huutortoo tawa ko e wuro Taku, e nder diiwaan Saga, Japon. Diidi Stasiyoŋ oo ko laana Karatsu woni e mum, ina woni 15,2 km e nokku ɗo laana kaa fuɗɗotoo to Kubota. Laylaytol station Staasiyoŋ oo ina waɗi plateau duunde ina huutoroo laabi ɗiɗi. Mahdi station oo ko mbaydi toowndi ɗo nokkuuji yahooɓe ɓee mbaɗetee e dow ŋoral gonngal e ŋoral. Gaagaa rokkude naatde e laylaytol duunde ndee, tolno ɗiɗaɓo oo ina waɗi nokku ɗo njippirtee e windo tikket. Pont oo kadi ina huutoree no feewi ngam yahooɓe e koyɗe ina mbaawi taccude gila bannge worgo haa bannge fuɗnaange dingiral ngal. Ko sara station oo ko nokkuuji renndo e duɗe. Njuɓɓudi dingiral ngal rokkaama JR Kyushu Tetsudou Eigyou Co., woni fedde nde jeyaa ko e JR Kyushu, keɓtinirnde golle dingiral. Ina gollina windo tikket mo masiŋ POS kono alaa nokku Midori no Madoguchi. Plateauji 1 ■ Line Karatsu JK ngam Karatsu e Nishi-Karatsu 2 ■ Line JK Karatsu ngam Ogi e Saga Yiyngo plateau e hitaande 2008. Naatgol fuɗnaange ko bannge nano. Nokku gonɗo sara damal fuɗnaange ngal mahaaka tawo. Yiyngo plateau e hitaande 2008. Naatgol fuɗnaange ko bannge nano. Nokku gonɗo sara damal fuɗnaange ngal mahaaka tawo. Naatgol worgo ngol e hitaande 2016 jooni mahii. To bannge nano ko nokkuuji renndo e duɗe ɗe ngonaa e station. Naatgol worgo ngol e hitaande 2016 jooni mahii. To bannge nano ko nokkuuji renndo e duɗe ɗe ngonaa e station.

Tariya Laana njoorndi Karatsu Kogyo udditiino laawol ummoraade Miyoken (hannde Nishi-Karatsu) ngol, ñalnde 13 suwee 1899, yettiima Kyūragi. Laawol ngol yaajnaama haa fuɗnaange, Taku (e oon sahaa ina wiyee Gare Azamibaru (莇原駅) udditaa ko no jolngo fuɗnaange keso ñalnde 25 desaambar 1899. Ñalnde 23 feebariyee 1902. Sosiyatee oo, jooni inniraa ko laawol laana njoorndi Karatsu, hawri e laawol Kyushuk Railruse ngol wonti through-station ñalnde 14 desaambar 1903 nde laawol ngol yaajnaa haa Kubota Nde laawol laana njoorndi laamu Japon (JGR) ƴetti laana njoorndi ñalnde 12 lewru abriil hitaande 1909, laana njoorndi ka gartirgol ngol wayli innde Taku E nder jeyi leydi Japon (JNR), lomto JGR, ñalnde 1 abriil 1987, njiimaandi gartirgol ngol arti e juuɗe JR Kyushu. Limlebbi yahooɓe E hitaande 2020, dingiral ngal huutortenoo ko e 252 neɗɗo ñalnde kala (yaɓɓooɓe tan), tee ngal woni ko e 299ɓo e nder dingiral ɓurngal heewde yimɓe e JR Kyushu. Nokku taariindi Laawol lesdi Japon 203 Posto Kita-Taku Duɗal leslesal Midorigaoka Taku Seybiyo Ƴeew kadi Doggol nokkuuji ɗo laaɗe diwooje njolnata e nder leydi Japon Tuugnorgal</text>
      <sha1>jp1rama162rv3qtu8xbq4lufj26ejw0</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
</mediawiki>