Wikipedia fjwiki https://fj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tabana_levu MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.14 first-letter Media Special Talk User User talk Wikipedia Wikipedia talk File File talk MediaWiki MediaWiki talk Template Template talk Help Help talk Category Category talk TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk 0 7098 38872 38806 2026-08-10T21:08:57Z InternetArchiveBot 8933 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260810)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 38872 wikitext text/x-wiki {| border=1 align=right cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 width=300 style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" |+<big><big>'''جمهورية مصر العربية'''<br />Ǧumhūriyyat Maṣr al-ʿArabiyyah</big></big> |- | style="background:#efefef;" align="center" colspan=2 | {| border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" |- | align="center" width="140px" | [[File:Flag of Egypt.svg|125px|border]] | align="center" width="140px" | [[File:Coat of arms of Egypt (Official).svg|125px]] |- | align="center" width="140px" | | align="center" width="140px" | |} |- | align=center colspan=2 | [[File:LocationEgypt.png|300px]] |} [[File:Egypt_relief_location_map.jpg|right|500px|]] '''Ijipita''' ([[Vosa Vaka-Arapea]]: مصر Miṣr [mesˁr], Na [[Vosa Vaka-Arapea Ijipita]]: [mɑsˤr]), vakamatanitu na '''Ripabuliki ni Arapea ni Ijipita''', e dua na vanua e tiko ena tokalau vualiku kei [[Vualiku Aferika|Aferika]] kei na tutu ceva tokalau kei [[Tokalau Esia|Esia]] ena [[Vanua o Saineai]]. E vakavolivoliti koya na [[Wasa Mediterranean]] ena vualiku, na [[Gaza Strip]] mai [[Palesitaina]] kei [[Isireli]] ena vualiku tokalau, na [[Wasa Damudamu]] ena tokalau, [[Sudan]] ena ceva, kei [[Libya]] ena ra; na [[Wasa o Aqaba]] ena ceva tokalau e wasei Ijipita mai [[Joritani]] kei [[Saudi Arabia]]. O [[Cairo]] na koroturaga, koro levu duadua, kei na vanua ni itovo vakavanua liu, ia o [[Alexandria]] na ikarua ni koro levu duadua ka dua na hub bibi ni bisinisi kei na saravanua. Ena rauta ni 107 na milioni na lewenivanua, o Ijipita e ikatolu ni vanua levu duadua e Aferika kei na ika1 4 ni vanua levu duadua e vuravura. E dua vei ira na itukutuku balavu duadua ni matanitu o Ijipita, ka vakamuria na kena ivotavota ena [[Naile Delta]] lesu tale ki na ika 6–4 mileniumi BCE. Nanumi ni dua na idavodavo ni veivakatorocaketaki, [[Ijipita Makawa]] a raica eso na veivakatorocaketaki taumada ni volavola, teitei, koro lelevu, lotu tuvanaki kei na matanitu levu.<ref>{{Cite book|title=The Prehistory of Egypt: From the First Egyptians to the First Kings|year=2000|url=https://archive.org/details/prehistoryofegyp0000mida|last=Midant-Reynes|first=Béatrix|publisher=Blackwell Publishers|location=Oxford}}</ref> ==Veika e itukutuku== * [[Na Matanitu Cokovata ni Isireli]] * [[Na Veitarataravi ni Veigauna vaka i Isireli kei Jiuta]] ==Veikitina== {{reflist}} [[Category:Ijipita]] kbn9ahj3wutg3r1etm8vnc3gnksx01x 0 7557 38854 37552 2026-08-10T20:44:10Z InternetArchiveBot 8933 Add 2 books for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260810)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 38854 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:WIKITONGUES- Mila speaking Fijian.webm|thumb|Na vaka-Viti koya e vosa, volai ena [[Viti]].]] '''Na vosa vaka-Viti''' ni [[Yanuyanu na Ceva]] ga e [[Viti]], ka sa ikoya talega na ivosavosa e [[Viti (ilawalawa segata)|Viti]], me ikuri ni [[Vosa Vakavalagi]] kei [[Na vosa Viti Idia]], kei na vaka-Jaina nei Viti. Na vosa vaka-Viti e dua na vosa [[Vu–ivakaraitaki–ulutaga|VOS]]. == iVurevure == * {{cite book | first=R. M. W. | last=Dixon | year=1988 | title=A Grammar of Boumaa Fijian | url=https://archive.org/details/grammarofboumaaf0000dixo | location=Chicago | publisher=[[University of Chicago Press]] | isbn=0-226-15428-9}} * Dryer, Matthew S. & Haspelmath, Martin (eds.) 2013. The World Atlas of Language Structures Online. Leipzig: Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology. (Available online at http://wals.info, Accessed on 2015-05-04.) * {{cite book | first=Albert J. | last=Schütz | year=1985 | title=The Fijian Language | url=https://archive.org/details/fijianlanguage0000schu | location=Honolulu | publisher=[[University of Hawaii Press]] | isbn=0-8248-1005-8}} == Taudaku Isema == * [http://www.omniglot.com/writing/fijian.htm Fijian language, alphabet and pronunciation] at Omniglot * [https://web.archive.org/web/20091027023635/http://geocities.com/fijidictionary/ Fijian–English / English–Fijian Dictionary] * [http://justus.anglican.org/resources/bcp/Fiji/index.html Na Soqoni Tabu: Na Veitarataravi Ni Noda Veiqaravi Kei Na Kalou] [[Anglican]] Holy Communion in Fijian * A [https://scholarspace.manoa.hawaii.edu/handle/10125/32627 collection of open access Fijian recordings] in [[Kaipuleohone]]. * [[hdl:10125/32625|Index cards of plant and animal names, labeled 'Fiji [plants]']] archived with [[Kaipuleohone]] * Materials on Fijian are included in the open access [[Arthur Capell]] collections ([http://catalog.paradisec.org.au/collections/AC1 AC1] and [http://catalog.paradisec.org.au/collections/AC2 AC2]) held by [[Paradisec]]. * [[Paradisec]] also holds an open access [http://catalog.paradisec.org.au/collections/DG4 collection of Fijian music] Fijian manuscripts in the [http://catalog.paradisec.org.au/collections/PAMBU Pacific Manuscripts Bureau collection], * [http://catalog.paradisec.org.au/collections/GG1 George Grace's manuscript collection at the University of Hawai'i] includes Fijian [[Category:Viti]] [[Category:Vosa]] [[Category:Veivosa e Viti]] 500ow8s311gp4u29l0jmorq45xfzz7h 0 7977 38860 38123 2026-08-10T20:53:09Z InternetArchiveBot 8933 Add 9 books for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260810)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 38860 wikitext text/x-wiki Na '''vakadidike''' se '''saenitisi''' e dua na vagoleya kabani e tara ka tauyavutaka na [[kila-ka]] ena loma ni nodra [[ivakamacala]] kei [[parofisai]] me baleta na [[vuravura]]. Na itukutuku ni saenitisi e kovuta na levu ni itukutuku makawa, na vu taumada ni vakadidike e rawa ni kunei mai [[Ijipita Makawa]] kei [[Mesopotemia]] ena rauta na 3500 ki 3000 BCE<ref name="Lindberg1">"The historian&nbsp;... requires a very broad definition of "science"&nbsp;– one that&nbsp;... will help us to understand the modern scientific enterprise. We need to be broad and inclusive, rather than narrow and exclusive&nbsp;... and we should expect that the farther back we go [in time] the broader we will need to be." &nbsp;p.3—{{cite book|last=Lindberg|first=David C.|year=2007|chapter=Science before the Greeks|title=The beginnings of Western science: the European Scientific tradition in philosophical, religious, and institutional context|url=https://archive.org/details/beginningsofwest0000lind_d9a5|pages=[https://archive.org/details/beginningsofwest0000lind_d9a5/page/1 1]–27|edition=Second|location=Chicago, Illinois|publisher=University of Chicago Press|isbn=978-0-226-48205-7}}</ref><ref name="Grant2007a">{{cite book|last=Grant|first=Edward|year=2007|chapter=Ancient Egypt to Plato|title=A History of Natural Philosophy: From the Ancient World to the Nineteenth Century|url=https://archive.org/details/historynaturalph00gran|url-access=limited|pages=[https://archive.org/details/historynaturalph00gran/page/n16 1]–26|edition=First|location=New York, New York|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-052-1-68957-1}}</ref> Na nodra cau ena [[fika]], [[maliwalala]], kei [[wainimate]] curu ka bulia na [[filosofi ni veikabula]] vaka-Kiriki ni [[makawa kilai levu]], ena kena sagai vakamatanitu me vakarautaki na ivakamacala ni veika e yaco ena [[Vuravura taucoko|vakayago vuravura]] yavutaki ena veika e dau yaco.<ref name="Lindberg1" /><ref name="Grant2007a" /> Ni sa bale na [[matanitu o Roma ena Ra]], sa qai lutu sobu na kilai ni nodra rai na kai [[Kirisi]] me baleta na vuravura ena [[Ra Iurope]] ena itekitekivu senitiuri (400 – 1000 CE) ni [[Veitabagauna Loma]]<ref name="Lindberg9">{{cite book|last=Lindberg|first=David C.|year=2007|chapter=The revival of learning in the West|title=The beginnings of Western science: the European Scientific tradition in philosophical, religious, and institutional context|url=https://archive.org/details/beginningsofwest0000lind_d9a5|pages=[https://archive.org/details/beginningsofwest0000lind_d9a5/page/193 193]–224|edition=Second|location=Chicago, Illinois|publisher=University of Chicago Press|isbn=978-0-226-48205-7}}</ref> ia e maroroi tu ena [[vuravura Musolomani]] ena gauna ni [[Gauna Koula ni Islam]].<ref name="Lindberg8">{{cite book|last=Lindberg|first=David C.|year=2007|chapter=Islamic science|title=The beginnings of Western science: the European Scientific tradition in philosophical, religious, and institutional context|url=https://archive.org/details/beginningsofwest0000lind_d9a5|pages=[https://archive.org/details/beginningsofwest0000lind_d9a5/page/163 163]–92|edition=Second|location=Chicago, Illinois|publisher=University of Chicago Press|isbn=978-0-226-48205-7}}</ref> Na vakabulabulataki kei na assimilation ni cakacaka vaka-Kiriki kei na vakatataro vaka-Isilami ki na Ra Iurope mai na ika 10 ki na ika 13 senitiuri e vakabulabulataka tale na "[[filosofi]] veikabula",<ref name="Lindberg9" /><ref name="Lindberg10">{{cite book|last=Lindberg|first=David C.|year=2007|chapter=The recovery and assimilation of Greek and Islamic science|title=The beginnings of Western science: the European Scientific tradition in philosophical, religious, and institutional context|url=https://archive.org/details/beginningsofwest0000lind_d9a5|pages=[https://archive.org/details/beginningsofwest0000lind_d9a5/page/225 225]–53|edition=2nd|location=Chicago, Illinois|publisher=University of Chicago Press|isbn=978-0-226-48205-7}}</ref> vata kei na nodra sasaga e muri na vuku ni Kirisi ni Byzantine era kauta mai na ivolavivigi ni Kirisi mai na [[Matanitu o Byzantine]] sa voleka ni mate ina Ra Iurope ena itekitekivu ni [[Veivakalesuimai]], ka qai veisautaki e muri ena [[Veisau Vakasaenisi]] a tekivu ena ika 16 senitiuri<ref name="Principe2011">{{cite book|last=Principe|first=Lawrence M.|year=2011|chapter=Introduction|title=Scientific Revolution: A Very Short Introduction|url=https://archive.org/details/scientificrevolu0000prin|pages=[https://archive.org/details/scientificrevolu0000prin/page/1 1]–3|edition=First|location=New York, New York|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-199-56741-6}}</ref>ni sa biubiu na vakasama vou kei veika e kunei mai na vakasama kei na itovo vakavanua vaka-Kirisi e liu.<ref name="Lindberg1990">{{cite book|last=Lindberg|first=David C.|year=1990|chapter=Conceptions of the Scientific Revolution from Baker to Butterfield: A preliminary sketch|title=Reappraisals of the Scientific Revolution|url=https://archive.org/details/reappraisalsofsc0000unse|editor1=David C. Lindberg|editor2=Robert S. Westman|pages=[https://archive.org/details/reappraisalsofsc0000unse/page/1 1]–26|edition=First|location=Chicago, Illinois|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-34262-9}}</ref><ref name="Lindberg14">{{cite book|last=Lindberg|first=David C.|year=2007|chapter=The legacy of ancient and medieval science|title=The beginnings of Western science: the European Scientific tradition in philosophical, religious, and institutional context|url=https://archive.org/details/beginningsofwest0000lind_d9a5|pages=[https://archive.org/details/beginningsofwest0000lind_d9a5/page/357 357]–368|edition=2nd|location=Chicago, Illinois|publisher=University of Chicago Press|isbn=978-0-226-48205-7}}</ref><ref name="Stanford Encyclopedia">{{Cite book|url=https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/fall2016/entries/natphil-ren/|title=The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy|last=Del Soldato|first=Eva|date=2016|publisher=Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University|editor-last=Zalta|editor-first=Edward N.|edition=Fall 2016}}</ref><ref name="Grant2007c">{{cite book|last=Grant|first=Edward|year=2007|chapter=Transformation of medieval natural philosophy from the early period modern period to the end of the nineteenth century|title=A History of Natural Philosophy: From the Ancient World to the Nineteenth Century|url=https://archive.org/details/historynaturalph00gran|url-access=limited|pages=[https://archive.org/details/historynaturalph00gran/page/n289 274]–322|edition=First|location=New York, New York|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-052-1-68957-1}}</ref> Na [[iwalewale vakasaenisi]] sega ni dede sa vakaitavi vakalevu cake ena kena buli na kila ka ka sega ni yacova na ika 19 senijiuri ni sa tekivu me taura na kena irairai e vuqa na veivakatorocaketaki kei na kenadau ni vakadidike;<ref name="Cahan Natural Philosophy">{{cite book|editor1-last=Cahan|editor1-first=David|title=From Natural Philosophy to the Sciences: Writing the History of Nineteenth-Century Science|url=https://archive.org/details/fromnaturalphilo0000unse|date=2003|publisher=University of Chicago Press|location=Chicago, Illinois|isbn=978-0-226-08928-7}}</ref><ref>The ''Oxford English Dictionary'' dates the origin of the word "scientist" to 1834.</ref>vata kei na veisau ni "filosofi ni veikabula" ki "[[vakadidike ni veikabula]]."<ref>{{cite book|last1=Harrison|first1=Peter|author-link1=Peter Harrison (historian)|title=The Territories of Science and Religion|location=Chicago|publisher=University of Chicago Press|date=2015|pages=164–165|isbn=978-0-226-18451-7|quote=The changing character of those engaged in scientific endeavors was matched by a new nomenclature for their endeavors. The most conspicuous marker of this change was the replacement of "natural philosophy" by "natural science". In 1800 few had spoken of the "natural sciences" but by 1880, this expression had overtaken the traditional label "natural philosophy". The persistence of "natural philosophy" in the twentieth century is owing largely to historical references to a past practice (see figure 11). As should now be apparent, this was not simply the substitution of one term by another, but involved the jettisoning of a range of personal qualities relating to the conduct of philosophy and the living of the philosophical life.}}</ref> Vakadidike ni gauna oqo e dau wasei vakatolu na [[tabana]] lelevu ka oka kina na vakadidike veikabula (me vaka na [[kilanibula]], [[kemisitiri]], kei [[fisiki]]), ka vulica na [[ituvaki]] ena kena ibalebale raraba; na [[Vakadidike ni veimaliwai|vakadidike veimaliwai]] (me vaka na [[Vakailavo (Vakadidike veimaliwai)|vakailavo]], [[saikolaji]], kei [[sosioloji]]), ka vulica na tamata yadua kei na veisoqosoqo; kei [[vakadidike vakamatanitu]] (me vaka na [[vakasama]], [[fika]], kei [[vakasama ni kompiuta]], ka vulica na digidigi matailalai. E tiko na duidui,<ref name="Bishop1991">{{cite book|last1=Bishop|first1=Alan|year=1991|chapter=Environmental activities and mathematical culture|title=Mathematical Enculturation: A Cultural Perspective on Mathematics Education|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9AgrBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA54|pages=20–59|location=Norwell, Massachusetts|publisher=Kluwer Academic Publishers|isbn=978-0-792-31270-3}}</ref><ref name="Nickles2013">{{cite book|last1=Nickles|first1=Thomas|year=2013|chapter=The Problem of Demarcation|title=Philosophy of Pseudoscience: Reconsidering the Demarcation Problem|page=104|location=Chicago|publisher=The University of Chicago Press}}</ref><ref name="Bunge 1998">{{cite book|title=Philosophy of Science: Volume 1, From Problem to Theory|last1=Bunge|first1=Mario|date=1998|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-0-765-80413-6|edition=revised|volume=1|location=New York, New York|pages=3–50|chapter=The Scientific Approach}}</ref>ia, ena kena sa vakavuna dina na vakadidike vakamatanitu e dua na saenitisi me vaka ni ra sega ni vakararavi ki na vakatovotovo ivakadinadina.<ref name="Fetzer20132">{{cite book|last1=Fetzer|first1=James H.|year=2013|chapter=Computer reliability and public policy: Limits of knowledge of computer-based systems|title=Computers and Cognition: Why Minds are not Machines|pages=271–308|edition=1st|location=Newcastle, United Kingdom|publisher=Kluwer Academic Publishers|isbn=978-1-443-81946-6}}</ref><ref name="Nickles2013" /> Na [[Veivakadodonutaki|veivakavulici]] e vakayagataka na kila vakasaenisi sa tu rawa me baleta na inaki vakacakacaka, me vaka na idinia kei na veiqaravi vakavuniwai, e vakamacalataki me [[vakadidike vakayagataki]].<ref>{{Cite journal|doi=10.3205/zma000916|pmc=4027809|pmid=24872859|year=2014|last1=Fischer|first1=M.R.|title=Thinking and acting scientifically: Indispensable basis of medical education|journal=GMS Zeitschrift für Medizinische Ausbildung|volume=31|issue=2|pages=Doc24|last2=Fabry|first2=G}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Abraham|first=Reem Rachel|title=Clinically oriented physiology teaching: strategy for developing critical-thinking skills in undergraduate medical students|journal=Advances in Physiology Education|volume=28|issue=3|pages=102–04|doi=10.1152/advan.00001.2004|pmid=15319191|year=2004|s2cid=21610124|url=https://semanticscholar.org/paper/3c0b0e54f94afbbcf003714f5ed8f8db1ecc72b0}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Sinclair|first=Marius|title=On the Differences between the Engineering and Scientific Methods|url=https://www.ijee.ie/contents/c090593.html|journal=The International Journal of Engineering Education}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=About Engineering Technology|work=Purdue School of Engineering & Technology|access-date=September 7, 2018|url=https://et.iupui.edu/departments/ent/about/index.php|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190522220533/http://www.engr.iupui.edu/departments/ent/about/index.php|archive-date=May 22, 2019}}</ref> Saenisi e yavutaki ena [[Vakadidike (iwalewale vakasaenisi)|vakadidike]], ka dau vakayacori ena veikoronivuli ni vuli kei na vakadidike ka vakakina ena [[veitabana ni matanitu]] kei [[kabani]]. Na kena vakayacori na vakadidike vakasaenisi sa vakavuna na kena basika na lawatu vakasaenisi ka saga me vakauqeta na kabani vakasaenisi ena kena vakaliuci na kena vakatorocaketaki na [[iyaya vakabisinisi]], [[iyaragi]], [[qaravi bula]], kei [[taqomaki ni veikabula wavoliti keda]]. == Etimoloji == Na vosa ''science'' sa vakayagataki ena [[Vosa Vakavavalagi e loma|vosa]] [[Vosa Vakavavalagi e loma|Vakavavalagi e loma]] mai na ika 14 senijiuri ena kena ibalebale "na ituvaki ni kila". Na vosa oqo e dinautaki mai na vosa Vakavalagi-Nomani me vaka na suffix {{lang|xno|-cience}}, ka a dinautaki mai na [[vosa vaka-Latini]] ''scientia'', kena ibalebale "kila, kila vinaka", e dua na yaca e vakadewataki mai na ''sciens'' kena ibalebale "vakakila", o koya ga na vosa ni gauna oqo ni sciō, "me kilai".<ref>{{cite dictionary|title=Science|encyclopedia=Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary|url=http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/science|access-date=16 October 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190901035713/https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/science|archive-date=1 September 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> E vuqa na vakasama me baleta na ''science'' nei itekitekivu ni vosa. Me vaka e kaya o [[Michiel de Vaan]], na daunivosa ni Necaladi kei Indo-Iurope, ''sciō'' e rawa ni tiko na kena itekitekivu ena vosa vaka-Italiki taumada me vaka *''skije-'' se *''skijo-'' ibalebale "me kilai", ka rawa ni tekivu mai na vosa taumada-Indo-Iurope me vaka na ''*skh₁-ie, *skh₁-io'', ibalebale "me musuka". Na ''Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben'' vakaturi ''sciō'' e dua na ituvatuva ni muri ni ''nescīre'', ibalebale "me sega ni kila vata", ka rawa ni vu mai na vosa taumada-Indo-Iurope''*sekH-'' iena vaka-Latini ''secāre'', se ''*skh₂-'', mai na ''*sḱʰeh2(i)-'' ibalebale "me tagutu".<ref>{{Cite encyclopedia|year=2008|title=sciō|encyclopedia=Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages|url=https://archive.org/details/m-de-vaan-2008-etymological-dictionary-of-latin-and-the-other-italic-languages/page/544/|last=Vaan|first=Michiel de|author-link=Michiel de Vaan|series=[[Indo-European Etymological Dictionary]]|pages=545|isbn=978-90-04-16797-1}}</ref> Ena veigauna sa oti, na saenitisi e dua na vosa vata kei na "kila-ka" se "vuli", ena kena maroroi na kena itekitekivu vaka-Latini. Na tamata e vakayacora na vakadidike vakasaenisi e vakatokai me "daufilosofi vakayago" se "tagane ni saenitisi".<ref>{{Cite book|last=Cahan|first=David|title=From natural philosophy to the sciences: writing the history of nineteenth-century science|url=https://archive.org/details/fromnaturalphilo0000unse|year=2003|publisher=University of Chicago Press|isbn=0-226-08927-4|pages=[https://archive.org/details/fromnaturalphilo0000unse/page/3 3]–15}}</ref> Ena 1834, [[William Whewell]] vakacuruma na vosa ''scientist'' ena dua na railesuva ni [[Mary Somerville]] nei vola [[Ena kena semati na veika vakayago|''Ena kena semati na veika vakayago'']] (On the Connexion of the Physical Sciences),<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Ross|first=Sydney|year=1962|title=Scientist: The story of a word|journal=[[Annals of Science]]|volume=18|issue=2|pages=65–85|doi=10.1080/00033796200202722|doi-access=free}}</ref> vakavinavinakataki koya ki na "so na turaga vuku" (rairai o koya ga).<ref>{{cite OED|scientist}}</ref> == Veikitina == [[Category:Vakadidike]] 91kuugs5f7ed5wxxruak0fkg9kl5lmw 0 8039 38861 38614 2026-08-10T20:53:41Z InternetArchiveBot 8933 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260810)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 38861 wikitext text/x-wiki Na '''meteololoji''' (Vosa Vakavalagi: '''Meteorology''') e dua na tabana ni macawalala vakadidike ka okati kina na macawalala kemisitiri kei na macawalala fisiki, kei na dua na ka e vakanamata tiko ki na vanua ni draki [[veika na yaco]].<ref>{{cite book |title=A Dictionary of Aviation |url=https://archive.org/details/dictionaryofavia0000wrag |first=David W. |last=Wragg |isbn=9780850451634 |edition=first |publisher=Osprey |year=1973 |page=[https://archive.org/details/dictionaryofavia0000wrag/page/190 190]}}</ref> ==References== {{reflist}} [[Category:Meteololoji]] 9jba64rfrjm7ckkwt0h6bc901coq8zw 0 8048 38855 38784 2026-08-10T20:46:13Z InternetArchiveBot 8933 Add 4 books for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260810)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 38855 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Multiple image | perrow = 2 | total_width = 400 | image1 = Lightning3.jpg|165px | image2 = NeTube.jpg|140px | image3 = Plasma-lamp 2.jpg|120px | image4 = Space Shuttle Atlantis in the sky on July 21, 2011, to its final landing.jpg|185px | footer = Cake: Na [[uila]] kei rarama ni [[neon]] e dau vakavuna na parasima. Ena ruku ni imawi: E dua na vuravura ni parasima, e vakaraitaka eso na ka vereverea cake ni parasima, wili kina na kena vakatuburi. Imatau e ra: E dua na sala ni parasima mai na [[Waqavuka Maliwalala]] [[Atalanitisi]] ena gauna e curu tale kina ki maliwalala kei vuravura, me vaka e laurai mai na [[Siteseni ni Maliwa Veimatanitu]].}} Na '''palasima''' e dua vei ira na [[ituvaki ni veika]], qai vakamacalataka taumada na daukemikali [[Irving Langmuir]]<ref name="Itpp1995">{{cite book|last1=Goldston|first1=R.J.|last2=Rutherford|first2=P.H.|date=1995|title=Introduction to Plasma Physics|page=1−2|publisher=Taylor & Francis|isbn=978-0-7503-0183-1|url=https://books.google.com/?id=7kM7yEFUGnAC&printsec=frontcover&dq=chen+%22introduction+to+plasma+physics%22#v=onepage&q&f=false}}</ref> ena 1920 vakacaca.<ref name="Itpd2012a">{{cite book|last1=Morozov|first1=A.I.|date=2012|title=Introduction to Plasma Dynamics|page=17|publisher=CRC Press|isbn=978-1-4398-8132-3|url=https://books.google.com/?id=DB0L6P3TwiYC&printsec=frontcover&dq=Introduction+to+Plasma+Dynamics+morozov#v=onepage&q&f=false}}</ref>E tiko kina e dua [[Kasi|ituvaki vakagasa]] ni [[ioni]] – [[atomi]] ka sa kau tani eso na nodra orbita [[ilektroni]] – kei ilektroni galala. E rawa ni buli na parasima ena kena vakamamacataki se vakamalumalumutaki e dua na kasi tawaveitovaki ki na dua na ka kaukauwa [[iteitei makeneta livaliva]] ki na tikina e dua ituvaki vakagasa ioni veika e yaco me vakalevutaki tikoga [[Veisaqasaqa kei veivakayarayarataki ni livaliva|vakayagataki ni livaliva]]. Na kena isau na ioni kei na ilektroni e yaco me vakauqeti mai na balavu-yasana Iteitei makeneta livaliva, cakava na parasima dinamika vakalevu cake ki na vanua oqo mai na dua na [[kasi tawaveitovaki]].<ref name="Itpd2012b">{{cite book|last1=Morozov|first1=A.I.|date=2012|title=Introduction to Plasma Dynamics|page=30|publisher=CRC Press|isbn=978-1-4398-8132-3}}</ref> Na palasima kei na kasi ionizado e tiko na kena iyau ka vakaraitaka na itovo e sega ni vakataki ira na veimatanitu tale eso, kei na veisau ena kedrau maliwa e vakalevu me dua na ka ni yaca vakatokayacataki<ref name="Itpp1995" /> kei vakatau ki vakadewa.<ref name="Itpd2012">{{cite book|last1=Morozov|first1=A.I.|date=2012|title=Introduction to Plasma Dynamics|page=4−5|publisher=CRC Press|isbn=978-1-4398-8132-3}}</ref> Ena yavutaki ena [[Katakata (vakayago iwiliwili)|katakata]] kei na [[levu iyau]] ni veikabula e tiko kina e dua na parasima, vakatikina [[Aionizasi|ionizado]] se e rawa ni buli na veimataqali parasima e ionizado taucoko. Na [[Neon ivakatakilakila|neon]] [[Neon ivakatakilakila|ivakatakilakila]] kei [[uila]] era ivakaraitaki ni [[veitiki]] ionizado parasima.<ref>{{Cite web|title=How Lightning Works|publisher=HowStuffWorks|url=http://science.howstuffworks.com/nature/natural-disasters/lightning2.htm|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140407080201/http://science.howstuffworks.com/nature/natural-disasters/lightning2.htm|archivedate=7 April 2014|df=dmy-all|date=April 2000}}</ref> Na [[ionosfera]] ni [[Vuravura (veivuravura)|Vuravura]] e dua na parasima kei [[makenetasfera]] e tiko kina na parasima ena wavoliti Vuravura ni maliwa ni veikabula. Na loma ni Matanisiga e dua na ivakaraitaki ni taucoko ionizado parasima,<ref name="Phillips1995">{{Cite book|last=Phillips|first=K. J. H.|date=1995|title=Guide to the Sun|page=295|publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]]|url=https://books.google.com/?id=idwBChjVP0gC&printsec=frontcover&dq=Guide+to+the+Sun+phillips#v=onepage&q&f=false|isbn=978-0-521-39788-9|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180115215631/https://books.google.com/books?id=idwBChjVP0gC&printsec=frontcover&dq=Guide+to+the+Sun+phillips&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiBj4Gbj5bXAhXrrVQKHfnAAKUQ6AEIKDAA#v=onepage&q&f=false|archivedate=15 January 2018|df=dmy-all}}</ref> vata kei na matanisiga korona kei<ref name="Aschwanden2004">{{cite book|last=Aschwanden|first=M. J.|year=2004|title=Physics of the Solar Corona. An Introduction|url=https://archive.org/details/physicsofsolarco0000asch_m4u9|publisher=Praxis Publishing|isbn=978-3-540-22321-4}}</ref> kalokalo.<ref name="Piel2010">{{Cite book|last=Piel|first=A.|date=2010|title=Plasma Physics: An Introduction to Laboratory, Space, and Fusion Plasmas|pages=4–5|publisher=[[Springer Nature|Springer]]|url=https://books.google.com/?id=9cA0DwAAQBAJ&pg=PR8#v=onepage&q&f=false|isbn=978-3-642-10491-6|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160105142523/https://books.google.com/books?hl=en#v=onepage&q&f=false|archivedate=5 January 2016|df=dmy-all}}</ref> Na isau vinaka ena ioni e rawati ena kena kau laivi na ilektroni e wavolita na nuclei ni atomi, na vanua e semati kina na iwiliwili taucoko ni ilektroni e kau tani ki na kena vakalevutaki na katakata se na kena levu ni vanua ni so tale na ionizado veika. Oqo talega e rawa ni salavata kei veibiu ni [[Ivau kovaleni|veiwekani molikuli]],<ref name="Sturrock">{{cite book|title=Plasma Physics: An Introduction to the Theory of Astrophysical, Geophysical & Laboratory Plasmas|url=https://archive.org/details/plasmaphysicsint0000stur|last=Sturrock|first=Peter A.|date=1994|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-44810-9}}</ref> e dina ga ni iwalewale oqo e duidui sara mai na iwalewale ni kemikali ni veimaliwai ni ioni ena wai se na itovo ni ioni wasei ena [[kakumea]]. Na isau ni parasima ki na vanua ni iteitei makeneta livaliva e vakayagataki ena vuqa na iyaya ni tekinolaji ni gauna oqo, me vaka na [[retioyaloyalo]] parasima se parasima grabadura .<ref name="Itptma2013">{{cite book|last1=Chu|first1=P.K.|last2=Lu|first2=XinPel|date=2013|title=Low Temperature Plasma Technology: Methods and Applications|url=https://archive.org/details/lowtemperaturepl0000chup|publisher=CRC Press|isbn=978-1-4665-0990-0}}</ref> Na parasima e rairai levu duadua na veika e tu ena lomalagi kei [[Vuravura taucoko|vuravura]],<ref name="Itptma2013a">{{cite book|last1=Chu|first1=P.K.|last2=Lu|first2=XinPel|date=2013|title=Low Temperature Plasma Technology: Methods and Applications|url=https://archive.org/details/lowtemperaturepl0000chup|page=[https://archive.org/details/lowtemperaturepl0000chup/page/3 3]|publisher=CRC Press|isbn=978-1-4665-0990-0}}</ref> e dina ga ni [[vakasama]] oqo e sa vakatovotovotaki tiko ena gauna oqo ka yavutaki ena kena tiko kei na sega ni kilai na iyau ni [[veika butobuto]]. Na parasima e dau veiwekani vakalevu kei vata kalokalo, ka vakarabailevutaki ki veimama ni veisoqosoqo lailai ka rawa ni [[Maliwa taudaku|veivanua ena maliwa ni veikalokalo]].<ref name="BoPA2015">{{cite book|last1=Chiuderi|first1=C.|last2=Velli|first2=M.|date=2015|title=Basics of Plasma Astrophysics|page=17|publisher=[[Springer Nature|Springer]]|isbn=978-88-470-5280-2}}</ref> == Veitikina == [[Category:Kasi]] [[Category:Dautauri vakalivaliva]] p7nr4hfr98ls9ejt372t20xpxvb290g 0 8131 38857 38785 2026-08-10T20:47:58Z InternetArchiveBot 8933 Add 2 books for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260810)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 38857 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Justus Sustermans - Portrait of Galileo Galilei, 1636.jpg|upright|thumb|Galileo Galilei]] [[File:Galileo facing the Roman Inquisition.jpg|thumb|E sotava o Galileo na [[Mataveilewai Levu e Roma]].]] '''Galileo di Vincenzo Bonaiuti de' Galilei''' (15 Feperueri 1564 – Janueri 8, 1642), e dau vakatokai me '''Galileo Galilei''', e dua na [[dauvakadidike|saenitisi]], [[dauvakayago]], [[daufika]] kei [[idinia]], a dua na ivakaraitaki bibi ena veika ni [[vakadidike]] cowiri. A sucu ena siti o [[Pisa]], ena gauna oya e tiki ni [[Duki o Folorenisi]]. Na kena gugumatua e oka kina na kena vakatorocaketaki na [[telesikopu]] kei vakadidike maliwalala [[tukuni na qele]], vaka talega kina na kaukauwa ni vanua nei [[Copernicus]]. E vakadinadinataka o Galileo vakatovotovo ni veika e vakila ni bibi a sega ni toso vata na kena totolo, ia e totolo, ka ni na tiko ga ena kena gauna na se balavu sara ka sega ni tarai koya na sosa kaukauwa. A tabaka talega o koya na ivakavuvuli ni inertia me vakamatatataka na iyaya e sega ni vakila na revurevu ni tautuba kaukauwa ena veisautaki mai na kena ituvaki taumada ni vakanomodi se toso tikoga. E vakatokai na Galileo me "tama ni maliwalala ena gauna oqo." Na nona tokona o Galileo na [[vakasama]] ni matanisiga kei vakasama ni matanisiga Copernicus nei veiletitaki ena nona bula, ni levu era sa volayaca ki na ivakaraitaki ni vakasama ni vuravura me vaka na [[ivakarau ni Tychonic]]. E sotava na veitusaqati mai vei ira na dauraikalokalo, era vakatitiqataka na heliocentro baleta ni sega ni dua na paralasi ni kalokalo e laurai. Na ka oqo e a vakadikeva na [[Mataveilewai Levu e Roma]] ena 1615, ka vakadeitaka ni heliocentrism e "lialia ka sega ni vakaibalebale ena [[filosofi]], ka vakailasu vakamatanitu baleta ni veisaqasaqa sara ga ena vuqa na vanua kei na vakasama ni Ivola Tabu". E qai valataka e muri o Galileo na nona rai ena ''Veivosaki me Baleta na Rua Ituvatuva Levu ni Vuravura'' (1632), ka vaka me ravuti [[Popi Urban VIII]] ka vakaduiduitaki koya kina kei ira na Jesuit, erau a tokoni Galileo ruarua me yacova mai na gauna oqo. A vakatovolei koya na Mataveilewai Levu, ka kunei ni "vakatitiqataka vakalevu na veivakacalai", ka vakasaurarataki me veivutuni. E vakayagataka na vo ni nona bula ena vesu e vale. Ni vesu tu e vale, e vola ''[[Rua Vou Vakasaenisi]]'', ena kena vakalekalekataki na cakacaka a cakava ena rauta ni vasagavulu na yabaki yani ki liu me baleta na rua na saenisi sa vakatokai tiko oqo me kinematics kei na kaukauwa ni iyaya.<ref name="JoCarney">{{cite book|last=Carney|first=J. E.|date=2000|title=Renaissance and Reformation, 1500–1620: a|url=https://archive.org/details/renaissancerefor0000unse_t1p6|publisher=Greenwood Publishing|isbn=978-0-313-30574-0}}</ref> == Cakacaka me vaka e dua na saenitisi == Dina ni a vakasamataka vakabibi o Galileo na matabete ni se cauravou, ia ena nona vakauqeti koya o tamana a mani volayaca ena 1580 ena [[Univesiti mai Pisa|Univesiti]] [[Univesiti mai Pisa|mai Pisa]] me baleta e dua na diqiri vakavuniwai. Ena 1581, ni vulica tiko na veiqaravi vakavuniwai, e raica e dua na [[Cina (iyaya ni vale)|cina]] e veisau, e veisau na cagi me veisau ena veitiki lelevu kei na lalai. Vei koya, e vaka, ni vakatauvatani kei na nona vuvuce na yalona, ​​ni tautauvata na gauna e taura na chandelier me veisautaka lesu tale ki liu, veitalia na kena yawa e veisautaka tiko. Ni lesu mai vale, e vakaduria e rua na pendulu e tautauvata na kena balavu ka vakasuka e dua ena dua na taviraka levu kei na dua tale ena dua na taviraka lailai ka kunea ni rau maroroya vata na gauna. E sega ni yacova na cakacaka ni [[Christiaan Huygens]], voleka ni dua na drau na yabaki e muri, ni a vakayagataki na ituvaki tautochrone ni dua na pendulu veisautaki me buli kina e dua na gauna dodonu.<ref name="Asimov">Asimov, Isaac (1964). ''Asimov's Biographical Encyclopedia of Science and Technology''. {{ISBN|978-0-385-17771-9}}</ref>Me yacova mai na gauna oqo, e sa nakita me kua ni vulica na [[fika]] o Galileo, me vaka ni levu cake na dauvakayago e dua na vuniwai mai na dua na [[daufika]]. Ia, ni oti na nona tiko vakacalaka ena dua na ivunau ena [[jiometri]], e vosa vei tamana sega ni via vulica me laiva me vulica qai fika na [[filosofi ni veikabula]] me isosomi ni wainimate.<ref name="Asimov" /> E bulia e dua na misini ni [[ivakatakarakara katakata]], e iliuliu ni na [[ivakarau ni katakata]], ka, ena 1586, tabaka e dua na ivola lailai me baleta na kena droinitaki e dua na [[tudei ni wai]] veiraurau e a bulia (ka a kauti koya taumada ki na nodra vakasama na vuravura vuku). Galileo vuli talega ''disegno'', e dua na vosa e okati kina na droini totoka, ka, ena 1588, rawata na itutu ni qasenivuli ena Accademia delle Arti del Disegno ena Folorenisi, [[veivakavulici]] ni rai kei chiaroscuro. Ni vakauqeti ena itovo vakavanua ni droini ni koro kei na cakacaka ni Veivakalesuimai Daudroini, Galileo rawata e dua na vakasama vakasakiti. Ni se qasenivuli gone ena Koronivuli, a tekivuna e dua na veitokani ni bula taucoko kei na ni vaka-Folorenisi daudroini [[Cigoli]], ka okati kina na veika e raica o Galileo ena vula ena dua na nona droini.<ref name="panofsky">{{Cite journal|doi=10.1086/348450|last=Panofsky|first=Erwin|author-link=Erwin Panofsky|title=Galileo as a Critic of the Arts: Aesthetic Attitude and Scientific Thought|journal=Isis|volume=47|issue=1|pages=3–15|date=1956|jstor=227542}}</ref> Ena 1589, a lesi me jeameni ni fika e Pisa. Ena 1591, a mate o tamana, mani nuitaki vua me qarava na tacina lailai [[Michelagnolo]]. Ena 1592, a toki ki na [[Univesiti mai Padua]] ka vakavulica kina na jiometri, [[mekeniki]], kei na vakadidike ni [[maliwalala]] me yacova na 1610. Ena gauna oqo, a kunea kina o Galileo na veika bibi ena rua na savasava fundamental [[Yaga vakalevu vakadidike|yaga vakalevu]] [[Yaga vakalevu vakadidike|vakadidike]] (me kena ivakaraitaki, na [[kinematika]] ni toso kei na [[vakadidike ni kalokalo]]) vakakina na kena vakayagataki [[vakadidike vakayagataki]](me kena ivakaraitaki, kaukauwa ni iyaya kei na painia ni telesikopu). Na veika e taleitaka vakalevu e oka kina na vulici ni vakadidike ni kalokalo, ena gauna oya e dua na vuli e semati ina vulici ni fika ni kalokalo.<ref>{{cite web|last=Rutkin|first=H. D.|url=http://www.stanford.edu/dept/HPST/colloquia0405.html|title=Galileo, Astrology, and the Scientific Revolution: Another Look|publisher=Program in History & Philosophy of Science & Technology, Stanford University|accessdate=2007-04-15|archive-date=2012-10-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121028102003/http://www.stanford.edu/dept/HPST/colloquia0405.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Mate == Galileo tomana tikoga na nona ciqomi ira na dausiko vanua me yacova na 1642, ni oti na nona tauvimate ena katakata kei na vuvuce ni yalona, ​​a mate ena ika 8 Janueri 1642, yabaki 77.<ref name="JoCarney2">{{cite book|last=Carney|first=J. E.|date=2000|title=Renaissance and Reformation, 1500–1620: a|url=https://archive.org/details/renaissancerefor0000unse_t1p6|publisher=Greenwood Publishing|isbn=978-0-313-30574-0}}</ref><ref>{{Catholic Encyclopedia|title=Galileo Galilei|url=http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/06342b.htm|prescript=|date=1909|no-icon=1|first=J.|last=Gerard}}</ref> E vinakata na Turaga Levu ni Tuscany, o Ferdinando II, me buluti koya ena yago levu ni [[Basilica ni Santa Croce|Basilica]] [[Basilica ni Santa Croce|ni Santa Croce]], ena yasa ni ibulubulu nei tamana kei ira na nona qase tale e so, me tara tale ga e dua na ibulubulu mapolo me vakarokorokotaki kina. [[File:Dito_della_mano_destra_di_galileo,_in_teca_del_1737.JPG|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Dito_della_mano_destra_di_galileo,_in_teca_del_1737.JPG|thumb|Na iqaqalo ni liga imatau nei Galileo]] Sa biu laivi nai tuvatuva oqo, ia, oti Popi Urban VIII kei na luvena tagane, Cardinal Francesco Barberini, veivakacacani, baleta ni sa vakalewai Galileo na Lotu Katolika ena nona "vakatitiqataka vakalevu na veivakacalai".<ref>[http://webarchive.loc.gov/all/20100805135633/http://brunelleschi.imss.fi.it/museum/esim.asp?c=100359 Monumental tomb of Galileo]. [[Institute and Museum of the History of Science]], Florence, Italy. Retrieved 15 February 2010.</ref> Ia a bulu ga ena dua na rumu lailai volekata na valenilotu ni novice ena icavacava ni dua na sala mai na ceva ni valenilotu ki na valenilotu. A bulu tale ena yago levu ni basilica ena 1737 ni oti na kena vakaduri e kea e dua na ivakananumi me vakarokorokotaki kina; ena gauna ni toso oqo, e tolu na iqaqalo kei na dua na bati era kau tani mai na nona ivovo.<ref>[http://catalogue.museogalileo.it/section/GalileanIconographyRelics.html Section of Room VII Galilean iconography and relics], Museo Galileo. Accessed on line 27 May 2011.</ref> E dua vei ira na iqaqalo oqo, na iqaqalo e lomadonu mai na liga imatau i Galileo, e vakaraitaki tiko ena gauna oqo ena Museo Galileo e [[Folorenisi]], Itali.<ref>[http://catalogue.museogalileo.it/object/MiddleFingerGalileosRightHand.html Middle finger of Galileo's right hand], Museo Galileo. Accessed on line 27 May 2011.</ref> == Ivotavota == === Lotu e muri veivakatarogi tale === Na guilecavi vakalevu na ka e baleti Galileo ni sa mate o Galileo, sa qai yali na veileti. A bokoci na vakatabui ni Mataveilewai Levu me tabaki tale na ivola i Galileo ena 1718 ni soli na veivakadonui me tabaki e dua na ilavelave ni nona ivola (sega ni wili kina na ''Dialogue'' e cudruvi) e Folorenisi.Ena 1741, [[Popi Benedict XIV]] vakadonuya me tabaki e dua na ilavelave ni ivola taucoko vakasaenisi i Galileo ka okati kina e dua na vakadewa malumu ni ''Dialogue''. Ena 1758, na vakatabui raraba ni cakacaka e tokona na vakasama ni matanisiga e kau tani mai na Index ni ivola vakatabui, dina ga ni vakatabui vakatabakidua na vakadewa sega ni vakatabui ni ''Dialogue'' kei Copernicus nei ''De Revolutionibus'' sa vo tikoga. Na ivakatakilakila kece ni veitusaqati vakamatanitu mai na lotu ki na vakasama ni matanisiga e yali ena 1835 ni sa qai mai biu laivi na cakacaka oqo mai na Index. [[File:Galileo Galilei01.jpg|thumb|Matakau ena taudaku ni [[Uffizi]], [[Folorenisi]]]] E vakabulabulataki tale na taleitaki ni ka e baleti Galileo ena itekitekivu ni ika 19 senitiuri, nira vakayagataka na dauvakacaca ni lotu Tawase (kei na so tale na ka e yaco me vaka na Mataveilewai Levu ni Sipeni keiitalanoa lasu ni raraba vuravura) to me ravuta na [[Katolika vaka-Roma]]. Sa tubu ka lailai sobu na taleitaki kina me tekivu mai na gauna oya. Ena 1939, [[Popi Pius XII]], ena imatai ni nona vosa vei ira na [[Koronivuli Saenisi ni Pontifika]], ena loma ni vica na vula ni nona digitaki ki na papacy, vakamacalataki Galileo me vaka ni dua vei ira na "toa audacious duadua ni vakadidike... sega ni rerevaka na veivakatarabetaki kei na ririko ena sala, se rerevaka na veivakananumi ni veibulu".<ref>Discourse of His Holiness Pope Pius XII given on 3 December 1939 at the Solemn Audience granted to the Plenary Session of the Academy, Discourses of the Popes from Pius XI to John Paul II to the [[Pontifical Academy of Sciences|Pontifical Academy of the Sciences]] 1939–1986, Vatican City, p. 34</ref> Na nona daunivakasala voleka ni 40 yabaki, o Parofesa Robert Leiber, a [[vola]]: "A qarauna sara o Pius XII me kakua ni sogota e dua na katuba (ki na saenitisi) ni bera na gauna. E a kaukauwa ena tikina oqo ka veivutunitaka oqori ena kisi nei Galileo."<ref>Robert Leiber, Pius XII Stimmen der Zeit, November 1958 in Pius XII. Sagt, Frankfurt 1959, p. 411</ref> Ena 15 Feperueri 1990, ena dua na vosa e cavuti ena [[Sapienza Univesiti mai Roma|Sapienza]] [[Sapienza Univesiti mai Roma|Univesiti mai Roma]], Kadinala Ratzinger (muri [[Popi Benedict XVI]]) cavuta eso na rai ena gauna oqo me baleta na ka nei Galileo me vaka na kena buli na ka e vakatoka me "dua na kisi ni ivakatakilakila ka vakatara vei keda me da raica na titobu ni vakatitiqa vakataki koya ni gauna oqo, ni saenitisi kei na tekinolaji e lako nikua". E so na rai e cavuta o koya na nona ni dauvakasama [[Paul Feyerabend]], o koya e cavuta me vaka e kaya: "Na Lotu ena gauna nei Galileo e maroroya vakalevu cake sara na vakasama mai na kena a cakava o Galileo vakataki koya, ka a vakasamataka talega na itovo kei na bula raraba ni veivakavulici nei Galileo. Na nona lewa me baleti Galileo e vakasamataki ka dodonu kei na kena vakavoutaki na lewa oqo e rawa ni vakadonui vakapolitiki ga ena vanua." Na Kadinala e sega ni vakaraitaka vakamatata se duavata se sega ni duavata kei na veika e tukuna o Feyerabend. Ia, e kaya: "Ena lialia me tara e dua na veivosoti vakatotolo ena yavu ni rai vakaoqo." Ena 31 Okotova 1992, [[Popi John Paul II]] vakaraitaka na nona rarawataka na sala e qaravi kina na kisi kei Galileo, qai vakaraitaka e dua na itukutuku me vakadonuya kina na cala e cakava na mataveilewai ni Lotu Katolika e lewa na itutu vakasaenisi ni Galileo Galilei, me vaka e dua na vakadidike e vakayacora na [[Matabose Popi me baleta na Itovo|Matabose]] [[Matabose Popi me baleta na Itovo|Popi me baleta na Itovo]].<ref>{{cite journal|journal=[[New Scientist]]|url=https://www.newscientist.com/article/mg13618460.600-vatican-admits-galileo-was-right-.html|title=Vatican admits Galileo was right|date=1992-11-07|accessdate=2007-08-09|issue=1846}}.</ref><ref>{{Cite news|publisher=BBC News|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/7188860.stm|title=Papal visit scuppered by scholars|date=2008-01-15|accessdate=2008-01-16}}</ref> Ena Maji 2008, na ulu ni Matabose Popi ni Vakadidike, [[Nicola Cabibbo]], kacivaka e dua na ituvatuva me dokai kina o Galileo ena kena vakaduri e dua na kena ivakatakarakara ena loma ni bai ni Vatikani. Ena Tiseba ni yabaki vata ga oya, ena gauna ni soqo me vakananumi kina na ika 400 ni yabaki ni nona raica taumada o Galileo na telesikopu, Popi Benedict XVI vakacaucautaka na nona cau ena vakadidike ni veika vakalomalagi.<ref>{{Cite news|publisher=BBC News|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/7794668.stm|title=Pope praises Galileo's astronomy|date=2008-12-21|accessdate=2008-12-22}}</ref> Ni oti e dua na vula, ia, na ulu ni Matabose Popi me baleta na Itovo, Gianfranco Ravasi, e vakaraitaka ni sa vakadaroi na ituvatuva me vakaduri e dua na ivakatakarakara kei Galileo ena lomanibai ni Vatikani. == Veitikina == [[Category:Itali]] [[Category:Dauraikalokalo]] 6vedcqhua2wp6pbvgrcd3tsptpjhurg 0 8567 38875 32575 2026-08-10T21:10:37Z InternetArchiveBot 8933 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260810)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 38875 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Katakata tokitaki''' sa dua na ivakarau ni bula vakaivakarau [[vutinisipi katakata idinia]] ka ra kauwai kina na itabatamata, vakayagataka, saumaki mai, kei na veisau ni [[vutinisipi katakata igu]] ([[katakata]]) ena ivakarau vakayago. Na veisau katakata e ivakatagedegedetaki ki na veimataqali gacagaca, me vaka na [[vutinisipi katakata conduction]], [[convective katakata tokitaki|vutinisipi convection]], [[vutinisipi mataqalirarama]], ka tokitaki ni [[igu]] ena [[veituvatuva veisau]]. Sa nanuma talega o idinia na na ni duidui wainimate species, rau e [[batabata]] se [[katakata (veiwali)|katakata]], me rawata katakata tokitaki. Ena gauna ni gacagaca oqo e tu kina eso na ivakarau ni bula, era dau yaco ga ena ivakarau vata ga. Vutinisipi mataqalirarama yaco mai ena dua na [[lala]] se dua ga [[duavata|mamare]] vakarauta ([[tobu]], [[waiwai (fisiki)|waiwai]], se [[kasi]]). Sa ikoya na vu ni kaukauwa me baleta na [[photon]] ena [[electromagnetic ua]] ka liutaki ena lawa vata ga.<ref name=Geankoplis>{{cite book |last=Geankoplis |first=Christie John |year=2003 |title=Transport Processes and Separation Principles |url=https://archive.org/details/transportprocess0000gean_h2c2 |publisher=Prentice Hall |isbn=0-13-101367-X |edition=4th}}</ref> [[File:Erbe.gif|right|thumb|Na ua balavu ni vuravura oqo e vutinisipi mataqalirarama me na kena [[mataqalirarama]] kaukauwa, mai na o, na draki kei na dela ni ka.]] ==Veitikina== {{reflist}} [[Category:Katakata tokitaki]] kkhgvoqfxw8dq4kxye1msnwn4hkctry 0 8568 38863 38624 2026-08-10T20:58:53Z InternetArchiveBot 8933 Add 2 books for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260810)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 38863 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Glowing metal.jpg|thumbnail|right|250px|E dua na kau kaukamea lumilumisa-katakata e vakaraitaka [[Rarama ni katakata|rarama ni veivela]], na kena vakau na rarama ena vuku ni kena katakata, e dau kilai me ivurevure ni katakata.]] Ena '''[[thermodinamika]]''', na '''katakata''' sa ikoya na [[igu]] me tokitaki se mai na [[ivakarau ni thermodinamika]] ena vuku ni dua na duidui ni katakata ena yasa ni iyalayala. Na ivakarau ni thermodinamika cakacaka sega ni ''tiko kina'' ni katakata.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Van Wylen|first1=Gordon|last2=Sonntag|first2=Richard|title=Fundamentals of Classical Thermodynamics|url=https://archive.org/details/fundamentalsofcl0000vanw_y2l5|date=1978|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|location=Chapter 4.7, Definition of Heat|isbn=0-471-04188-2|page=[https://archive.org/details/fundamentalsofcl0000vanw_y2l5/page/76 76]|edition=Second edition, SI Version, Revised Printing}}</ref> E dua na ivakaraitaki ni vakayagataki vakamatanitu vs. sega ni vakamatanitu e rawa ni rawati mai na iyaloyalo dodonu, ena kena na kau kaukamea e dua "vakadewataka katakata" mai na kena icavacava katakata ki na kena icavacava batabata, ia kevaka e vakasamataki na kau kaukamea me dua na ivakarau thermodinamika, sa qai vakatokai na igu e drodro tiko ena kau kaukamea me igu e loma, sega ni katakata. Na katakata kau kaukamea talega e vakadewataka tiko na katakata ki na kena wavolita, e dua na itukutuku dodonu me baleta ruarua na ibalebale kaukauwa kei vakaloloma ni ''katakata''. E dua tale na ivakaraitaki ni kena vakayagataki vakaveitalia na vosa ''iwiliwili ni katakata'', vakayagataki dina ga ni fisiki e vakamacalataka na katakata me vaka na veisautaki igu. E dodonu cake, e ''igu ni katakata'' oya ''tiko kina'' ena ivakarau se yago, me vaka e maroroi tu ena maikorosikopu diqiri ni galala ni ivakarau ni [[yavavala]].<ref name="schroeder">{{cite book|title=An Introduction to Thermal Physics|url=https://archive.org/details/introductiontoth0000schr_k1f1|author=D.V. Schroeder|publisher=Addison-Wesley|year=1999|isbn=0-201-38027-7|page=[https://archive.org/details/introductiontoth0000schr_k1f1/page/15 15]}}</ref> Na katakata e dua na igu ena laveta ki na se mai na dua na ivakarau thermodinamika, ena dua na iwalewale e okati kina na ivakarau ni toso ni atomi maikorosikopu se na veika e veiganiti kei na makrosikopi.<ref>{{cite book|title=Thermodynamics and an Introduction to Thermostatics|author=Herbert B. Callen|edition=2|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|year=1985}} http://cvika.grimoar.cz/callen/ {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181017152028/http://cvika.grimoar.cz/callen/|date=17 October 2018}} or http://keszei.chem.elte.hu/1alapFizkem/H.B.Callen-Thermodynamics.pdf {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161230040339/http://keszei.chem.elte.hu/1alapFizkem/H.B.Callen-Thermodynamics.pdf|date=30 December 2016}} , p. 8: Energy may be transferred via ... work. "But it is equally possible to transfer energy via the hidden atomic modes of motion as well as via those that happen to be macroscopically observable. An energy transfer via the hidden atomic modes is called ''heat''."</ref>Na ivakatakilakila vakamacala oqo e sega ni okati kina na veisau ni kaukauwa ena cakacaka ni thermodinamika se laveta levu. Vakamacalataki vakalevu, na katakata e oka ena dua na iwalewale na duidui igu e loma ena maliwa ni iotioti kei na itekitekivu ni ituvaki ni dua na ivakarau, kei na kena kau laivi na cakacaka e vakayacori ena iwalewale.<ref>Callen, p.19</ref> oqo na kena buli na [[imatai ni lawa ni thermodinamika]]. Na vakarautaki ni kaukauwa e vakadewataki me vaka na katakata e vakatokai na calorimetry, vakayacori ena kena vakarautaki na kena revurevu ena ituvaki ni veimaliwai ni yago. Kena ivakaraitaki, na katakata e rawa ni vakarautaki ena levu ni aisi e waicala, se ena veisau ni [[Katakata (vakayago iwiliwili)|katakata]] ni dua na yago ena vanua wavolita na ivakarau.<ref>{{cite book|title=Thermodynamics and an Introduction to Thermostatics|author=Herbert B. Callen|edition=2|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|year=1985}} http://cvika.grimoar.cz/callen/ {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181017152028/http://cvika.grimoar.cz/callen/|date=17 October 2018}} or http://keszei.chem.elte.hu/1alapFizkem/H.B.Callen-Thermodynamics.pdf {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161230040339/http://keszei.chem.elte.hu/1alapFizkem/H.B.Callen-Thermodynamics.pdf|date=30 December 2016}} , p. 8: Energy may be transferred via ... work. "But it is equally possible to transfer energy via the hidden atomic modes of motion as well as via those that happen to be macroscopically observable. An energy transfer via the hidden atomic modes is called ''heat''."</ref> Ena Ivakarau ni iuniti ni Veimatanitu (International System of Units, SI) na iuniti ni veivakarautaki me baleta na katakata, me vaka e dua na ivakarau ni igu, sa ikoya na [[jouli]] (J). == Veitikina == {{reflist}} [[Category:Thermodinamika]] khoo3df1z15c8qtu6sh5qclo2qfdy7b 0 9355 38866 38793 2026-08-10T21:03:21Z InternetArchiveBot 8933 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260810)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 38866 wikitext text/x-wiki Na '''lawa''' e dua na ivakarau ni [[lai]] buli ka sa [[tasogo]] ena isoqosoqo ni vakamatanitu se vakamatanitu me vakataulewa itovo<ref name="willis">{{cite journal |last1=Willis |first1=Hugh Evander |title=A Definition of Law |journal=Virginia Law Review |date=January 1926 |volume=12 |issue=3 |pages=203–214 |url=https://www.repository.law.indiana.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2248&context=facpub |doi=10.2307/1065717 |access-date=3 January 2020|jstor=1065717 }}</ref><ref name="jpgibbs">{{cite journal |last1=Gibbs |first1= Jack P. |title=Definitions of Law and Empirical Questions |journal=Law & Society Review |date=1968 |volume=2 |issue=3 |pages=429–446 |doi= 10.2307/3052897 |issn=0023-9216|jstor=3052897 }}</ref><ref name="akers">{{cite journal |last1=Akers |first1=Ronald L. |title=Toward a Comparative Definition of Law |journal=Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology |date=Fall 1965 |volume=56 |issue=3 |pages=301–306 |url= http://scholarlycommons.law.northwestern.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=5313&context=jclc |access-date=3 January 2020|doi=10.2307/1141239 |jstor=1141239 }}</ref>, kei na kena vakavinaka e dua na tiki ni balavutucaketaki veivosaki.<ref name="Vaquero">{{cite journal |last1=Núñez Vaquero |first1=Álvaro |title=Five Models of Legal Science |journal=Revus. Journal for Constitutional Theory and Philosophy of Law / Revija za ustavno teorijo in filozofijo prava |date=10 June 2013 |issue=19 |pages=53–81 |doi=10.4000/revus.2449 |url= https://journals.openedition.org/revus/2449 |access-date=31 December 2019 |language=en |issn=1581-7652|doi-access=free }}</ref> E sa vakamacalataki veimataqali me vakadidike kei cakacakaniliga ni lewadodonu.<ref name="mlcohen">{{cite book |last1=Cohen |first1=Morris L. |author-link1=Morris L. Cohen |title=Law : the art of justice |url=https://archive.org/details/lawartofjustice0000morr |date=1992 |publisher=Beaux Arts Editions |isbn=9780883633120}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web | url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/basharubin/2015/01/13/is-law-an-art-or-a-science-a-bit-of-both/ | title=Is Law an Art or a Science?: A Bit of Both | archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20181103170800/https://www.forbes.com/sites/basharubin/2015/01/13/is-law-an-art-or-a-science-a-bit-of-both/ | archive-date=3 November 2018 | url-status=live|first = Basha|last = Rubin|date = 13 January 2015 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite book | url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_oR0LAAAAIAAJ | page= [https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_oR0LAAAAIAAJ/page/n196 525] | quote=Roman ars boni et aequi. | title=Encyclopedic Dictionary of Roman Law| publisher=American Philosophical Society | isbn=978-0-87169-432-4| last1=Berger| first1=Adolf| year=1953}}</ref> Na lawa savakasaurarataki e rawa ni cakava e dua na ilawalawa [[boselawa]] se dua ga na dauboselawa tataivatia ena [[lawatudei]];mai vei koya na iliuliu nanuna ena [[vuku]] ka [[vaqaqacotaki]]; se tauyavutaki mai vei ira na turaga ni lewa ena [[ivakaraitaki]], vakavuqa ena [[matau lawa]] vanua qali. E rawa ni ra vakavuna na tamata yadua na veivauci vakalawa [[konitaraki]], oka kina na veidinadinati arbitration e vakubeci na sala eso ni kena wali na veileti ki na ivakatagedegede ni veiqaravi litigation. Ena rawa ni vakayarayarataki ena dua na [[lawatu]], volai se tacit, kei na [[dodonu]] ivola oqo vakayacori kina. Lawa ibulibuli [[politiki]], [[Vakailavo (Vakadidike veimaliwai)|vakailavo]], [[Itukutuku|itukutuku makawa]], kei [[veivukei]] ena veisala eso ka veiqaravi vaka-dautataro ni veimaliwai vei ira na tamata.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Mason AC, KBE |first1=The Hon. Sir Anthony |title=The Judge as Law-maker |journal=James Cook University Mayo Lecture |date=1996 |url=http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/journals/JCULRev/1996/2.pdf |access-date=31 December 2019}}</ref> e dina ga ni na rawa ni vakatoboicu oqo mai na dua na itikotiko cecere se boselawa.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Devins |first1=Neal |title=Congressional Responses to Judicial Decisions |journal=Faculty Publications |date=1 January 2008 |url=https://scholarship.law.wm.edu/facpubs/1633 |access-date=31 December 2019}}</ref> == Veitikina == {{Reflist}} == Taudaku isema == ** [http://www.nyls.edu/library/research_tools_and_sources/dragnet/ DRAGNET: Search of free legal databases from New York Law School] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130903005743/http://www.nyls.edu/library/research_tools_and_sources/dragnet |date=2013-09-03 }} ** [http://www.worldlii.org/ WorldLII – World Legal Information Institute] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200922075055/http://www.worldlii.org/ |date=2020-09-22 }} ** [http://www.commonlii.org/ CommonLII – Commonwealth Legal Information Institute] [[Category:Lawa]] a1t0qgpoxdo9kjhr1eeq3g4mcwswmg8 0 9397 38859 38752 2026-08-10T20:49:15Z InternetArchiveBot 8933 Add 2 books for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260810)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 38859 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Cat poster 1.jpg|right|thumb|Kena veimataqali mataqali ni pusi]] Na '''pusi''' ('''''Felis catus''''') e dua na vale species ni daukana lalai lewenimanumanu [[manumanu susu]].<ref name="Linnaeus1758">{{Cite book |last=Linnaeus |first=C. |title=Systema naturae per regna tria naturae: secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis |location=Holmiae |publisher=Laurentii Salvii |date=1758 |page=42 |chapter=Felis Catus |language=la |volume=1 |edition=Tenth reformed |chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/mobot31753000798865/page/42}}</ref><ref name="MSW3fc">{{MSW3 Wozencraft |id=14000031 |pages=534–535 |heading=Species ''Felis catus''}}</ref> E duadua ga na species [[manumanu vakavaletaki]] ena matavuvale [[Felidae]] ka dau vakatokai me na '''pusi vale''' se '''pusi vakavale''' me vakaduiduitaki koya mai vei ira na lewe ni matavuvale kila lewenilotu.<ref name="Clutton-Brock1999">{{Cite book |title=A Natural History of Domesticated Mammals |last=Clutton-Brock |first=J. |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |location=Cambridge, England<!--This is not redundant; there's a Cambridge, Massachusetts, also, with academic publishers.--> |date=1999 |isbn=978-0-521-63495-3 |edition=Second |pages=133–140 |chapter=Cats |oclc=39786571 |orig-year=1987 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cgL-EbbB8a0C&pg=PA133 |access-date=25 October 2020 |archive-date=22 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210122145647/https://books.google.com/books?id=cgL-EbbB8a0C&pg=PA133 |url-status=live }}</ref> Pusi e dau maroroi me vaka na [[manumanu]] ni vale ia e rawa talega ni pusi ni iteitei se pusi ni kilavale; na pusi kilavale e dau galala qai sega ni veitaratara kei ira na tamata.<ref name=Liberg_al2014>{{Cite book |last1=Liberg |first1=O. |last2=Sandell |first2=M. |last3=Pontier |first3=D. |last4=Natoli |first4=E. |name-list-style=amp |chapter=Density, spatial organisation and reproductive tactics in the domestic cat and other felids |title=The domestic cat: the biology of its behaviour |location=Cambridge |publisher=Cambridge University Press |date=2000 |edition=Second |isbn=9780521636483 |editor1-last=Turner |editor1-first=D. C. |editor2-last=Bateson |editor2-first=P. |pages=119–147 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GgUwg6gU7n4C&pg=PA119 |access-date=25 October 2020 |archive-date=31 March 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210331062218/https://books.google.com/books?id=GgUwg6gU7n4C&pg=PA119 |url-status=live }}</ref> E dua na daukania na lewenimanumanu, e gadrevi kina e dua na kakana e yavutaki vakalevu ena lewe ni manumanu. Na kena [[taukuku]] e rawa ni vakasukai e vakarautaki me vakamatea na veimataqali manumanu lalai me vaka na [[kalavo lalai]] kei [[Kalavo (manumanu)|kalavo]]. E kaukaua na yagona, e dau veisau, e totolo na nona vakasama, e matailalai tale ga na batina, e vakatorocaketaki vinaka tale ga na nona rai ena bogi kei na nona dau boi vinaka. Pusi vale era vakamareqeta na tamata me baleta na veitokani kei na nodra rawa ni vakamatea na [[rodent]]. E rauta ni 60 mataqali pusi era kilai mai na veimataqali rejisita ni pusi.<ref name=Driscoll_al2009>{{cite journal |last1=Driscoll |first1=C. A. |last2=Clutton-Brock |first2=J. |last3=Kitchener |first3=A. C. |last4=O'Brien |first4=S. J. |name-list-style=amp |date=2009 |title=The taming of the cat |journal=Scientific American |volume=300 |issue=6 |pages=68–75 |pmid=19485091 |pmc=5790555 |bibcode=2009SciAm.300f..68D |doi=10.1038/scientificamerican0609-68}}</ref> Na pusi e tautauvata na kena ibulibuli kei na so tale na species felid: e kaukauwa na yagona, totolo na nona vakasama, matailalai na batina, kei na qaqalo e rawa ni vakasukai e veiganiti me vakamatea na manumanu lalai. E vakatorocaketaki vinaka na kena rai ena bogi kei na kena boi vinaka. Na veitaratara ni pusi e oka kina na vosataki me vaka na miau, qoqolou, sisi, kei na kudru ka vakakina na vosa vakayago ni pusi-vakatabakidua. E dina ga ni pusi e dua na [[species veimaliwai]], e dua na dauvakasasa taudua. Me vaka e dua na manumanu dauvakacaca, e dau vakacaca, e dau cakacaka vakalevu ena mataka lailai kei na yakavi. E rawa ni rogoca na rorogo sa rui malumalumu se sa rui cecere ena [[wasoma]] me baleta na daliga ni tamata, me vaka na kena era cakava na kalavo kei na so tale na lalai manumanu susu.<ref name=Moelk1944>{{Cite journal |title=Vocalizing in the House-cat; A Phonetic and Functional Study |last=Moelk |first=M. |journal=The American Journal of Psychology |date=1944 |volume=57 |issue=2 |pages=184–205 |doi=10.2307/1416947 |jstor=1416947}}</ref> E vakatubura tale ga qai raica na [[feromoni]].<ref name=Bland1979>{{cite journal |last1=Bland |first1=K. P. |date=1979 |title=Tom-cat odour and other pheromones in feline reproduction |journal=Veterinary Science Communications |volume=3 |issue=1 |pages=125–136 |url=https://www.gwern.net/docs/catnip/1979-bland.pdf |doi=10.1007/BF02268958 |s2cid=22484090 |access-date=15 May 2019 |archive-date=30 January 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190130202521/https://www.gwern.net/docs/catnip/1979-bland.pdf |url-status=live}}</ref> Yalewa pusi vale e rawa ni tiko na luveni pusi mai na vulaitubutubu ki na icavacava ni vulaitubutubu, kei na levu ni benu e dau tekivu mai na rua ki na lima na luveni pusi.<ref name=Nutter2004>{{cite journal |last1=Nutter |first1=F. B. |last2=Levine |first2=J. F. |last3=Stoskopf |first3=M. K. |s2cid=1903272 |name-list-style=amp |date=2004 |title=Reproductive capacity of free-roaming domestic cats and kitten survival rate |journal=Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association |volume=225 |issue=9 |pages=1399–1402 |doi=10.2460/javma.2004.225.1399 |pmid=15552315 |citeseerx=10.1.1.204.1281 }}</ref> Pusi vale era susugi ka vakaraitaki ena soqo me vaka na pusi ni kawa rejisita, e dua na ka taleitaki ka kilai me pusi totoka. Na kena lewai na iwiliwili ni pusi e rawa ni vakayacori ena kena [[vakalutu]] kei kena [[sega ni vakaluveni]], ia na nodra vakalevutaki kei na nodra biu laivi na manumanu e vakavuna me levu kina na pusi ni kilavale pusi e vuravura raraba, e veivuke ena kena vakarusai na manumanu taucoko vuka, manumanu susu, kei qasi species.<ref name="Rochlitz">{{Cite book |title=The Welfare of Cats |url=https://archive.org/details/welfareofcatsani0000iren |last=Rochlitz |first=I. |date=2007 |publisher=[[Springer Science+Business Media]] |isbn=978-1-4020-6143-1 |series="Animal Welfare" series |location=Berlin |pages=[https://archive.org/details/welfareofcatsani0000iren/page/141 141]–175 |oclc=262679891}}</ref> E dau nanumi tu mai vakabalavu ni tekivu na nodra vakamalumalumutaki na pusi mai [[Ijipita Makawa]], era dau vakarokorokotaki kina na pusi mai na 3100 BC,<ref>{{cite book |title=The Cat in ancient Egypt, illustrated from the collection of cat and other Egyptian figures formed |publisher=Cambridge University Press |last1=Langton |first1=N. |last2=Langton |first2=M. B. |name-list-style=amp |date=1940}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=The Cat in Ancient Egypt |url=https://archive.org/details/catinancientegyp0000male |publisher=[[University of Pennsylvania Press]] |last=Malek |first=J. |date=1997 |edition=Revised |location=Philadelphia}}</ref> ia na toso vou ena [[Arkeoloji|vakadidike ni veika makawa]] kei na [[genetika]] e vakaraitaka ni nodra vakamalumalumutaki a yaco ena [[Ra Esia]] rauta na 7500 BC.<ref name="DriscollMenotti-Raymond2007">{{Cite journal |last1=Driscoll |first1=C. A. |last2=Menotti-Raymond |first2=M. |last3=Roca |first3=A. L. |last4=Hupe |first4=K. |last5=Johnson |first5=W. E. |last6=Geffen |first6=E. |last7=Harley |first7=E. H. |last8=Delibes |first8=M. |last9=Pontier |first9=D. |last10=Kitchener |first10=A. C. |last11=Yamaguchi |first11=N. |last12=O'Brien |first12=S. J. |last13=Macdonald |first13=D. W. |name-list-style=amp |title=The Near Eastern Origin of Cat Domestication |journal=[[Science (journal)|Science]] |volume=317 |issue=5837 |date=2007 |pages=519–523 |issn=0036-8075 |doi=10.1126/science.1139518 |pmc=5612713 |pmid=17600185|bibcode=2007Sci...317..519D}}</ref> Me vaka ni 2021, e rauta ni 220 milioni na pusi taukeni kei na 480 milioni na galala-veilakoyaki pusi e vuravura.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://carocat.eu/statistics-on-cats-and-dogs/|title=Statistics on cats|date=15 February 2021|website=carocat.eu|access-date=15 February 2021|archive-date=25 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210225150136/https://carocat.eu/statistics-on-cats-and-dogs/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Toxocara and Toxocariasis|last1=Rostami|first1=Ali|editor1-last=Bowman|editor1-first=Dwight D.|publisher=Elsevier Science|year=2020|chapter=30|pages=616|isbn=9780128209585|url={{Google books|plainurl=yes|id=B33gDwAAQBAJ|page=616}}}}</ref> == Ekoloji == === Vanua ni bula === Na pusi vale e dua na species veimatanitu ka dau yaco ena levu na vanua e vuravura.<ref name="Lipinski" /> E rawa ni veisau qai tiko ena gauna oqo ena veivanua kece vakavo ga na Antarctica, kei na 118 mai na 131 na ilawalawa lelevu ni yanuyanu, ena veivanua tu vakatikitiki mada ga [[Yatu Kerguelen]].<ref>{{Cite journal|title=Spatio-temporal variation in cat population density in a sub-Antarctic environment|last=Say|first=L.|journal=Polar Biology|date=2002|volume=25|issue=2|pages=90–95|doi=10.1007/s003000100316|s2cid=22448763}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|title=Biological Invasions in the Antarctic: Extent, Impacts and Implications|last1=Frenot|first1=Y.|last2=Chown|first2=S. L.|last3=Whinam|first3=J.|last4=Selkirk|first4=P. M.|last5=Convey|first5=P.|last6=Skotnicki|first6=M.|last7=Bergstrom|first7=D. M.|s2cid=5574897|journal=Biological Reviews|date=2005|volume=80|issue=1|pages=45–72|doi=10.1017/S1464793104006542|pmid=15727038|doi-access=free}}</ref> Ena vuku ni kena rawa ni bulabula vinaka ena voleka ni vanua kece ni bula vakavuravura, e maliwai ira na vuravura e levu duadua [[species veivakacacani]].<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Medina|first1=F. M.|last2=Bonnaud|first2=E.|last3=Vidal|first3=E.|last4=Tershy|first4=B. R.|author-link5=Erika Zavaleta|last5=Zavaleta|first5=E.|last6=Josh Donlan|first6=C.|last7=Keitt|first7=B. S.|last8=Le Corre|first8=M.|last9=Horwath|first9=S. V.|last10=Nogales|first10=M.|date=2011|title=A global review of the impacts of invasive cats on island endangered vertebrates|journal=Global Change Biology|volume=17|issue=11|pages=3503–3510|doi=10.1111/j.1365-2486.2011.02464.x|citeseerx=10.1.1.701.4082|bibcode=2011GCBio..17.3503M|s2cid=323316}}</ref> E bula ena veiyanuyanu lalai e sega kina na tamata.<ref>{{Cite journal|title=A Review of Feral Cat Eradication on Islands|last1=Nogales|first1=M.|last2=Martin|first2=A.|last3=Tershy|first3=B. R.|last4=Donlan|first4=C. J.|last5=Veitch|first5=D.|last6=Uerta|first6=N.|last7=Wood|first7=B.|last8=Alonso|first8=J.|journal=Conservation Biology|date=2004|volume=18|issue=2|pages=310–319|doi=10.1111/j.1523-1739.2004.00442.x|hdl=10261/22249|s2cid=11594286|url=https://digital.csic.es/bitstream/10261/22249/1/CBL-2004-18-310.pdf|hdl-access=free|access-date=24 September 2019|archive-date=6 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191206034647/https://digital.csic.es/bitstream/10261/22249/1/CBL-2004-18-310.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> Pusi kilavale e rawa ni bula ena [[veikau]], [[vanua co]], [[tundra]], vanua e baravi, vanua ni teitei, [[vanua lolobo]], vanua ni korolevu, kei [[vanua suasua]].<ref name="ISSG 2006">{{cite web|url=http://www.issg.org/database/species/ecology.asp?si=24&fr=1&sts=sss|work=Global Invasive Species Database|title=Ecology of ''Felis catus''|author=Invasive Species Specialist Group|publisher=[[IUCN Species Survival Commission|Species Survival Commission]], [[International Union for Conservation of Nature]]|date=2006|access-date=31 August 2009|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091027123405/http://www.issg.org/database/species/ecology.asp?si=24&fr=1&sts=sss|archive-date=27 October 2009}}</ref> Na sega ni vinakati ka vakavuna na pusi vale me qaravi me vaka e dua na species veimatanitu dauvakacaca e rua na ka . Ena dua na yasana, me vaka ni lailai na kena veisau mai na pusi kila, e rawarawa sara me veiwatini kei na pusi kila. Na veivakaduiduitaki oqo e vakavuna na leqa ki na duidui ni gene ni so na iwiliwili ni pusi kila, vakabibi e Sikoteladi kei Hungary, rairai talega na vanua o Iberia, kei na vanua e taqomaki kina na vanua vakaitaukei e volekata na tamata-lewa vanua rairai, me vaka na [[vanua ni gade e Kruger]] e [[Sauca Aferika]].<ref name="Kruger">{{cite journal|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/270912183|title=Genetic analysis shows low levels of hybridization between African wildcats (Felis silvestris lybica) and domestic cats (F. s. catus) in South Africa|last1=Le Roux|first1=Johannes J.|last2=Foxcraft|first2=Llewellyn C.|last3=Herbst|first3=Marna|last4=Macfadyen|first4=Sandra|date=19 August 2014|journal=Ecology and Evolution|volume=5|issue=2|pages=288–299|doi=10.1002/ece3.1275|pmid=25691958|pmc=4314262|access-date=14 November 2021|archive-date=7 March 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220307214831/https://www.researchgate.net/publication/270912183_Genetic_analysis_shows_low_levels_of_hybridization_between_African_wildcats_Felis_silvestris_lybica_and_domestic_cats_F_s_catus_in_South_Africa|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Oliveira">{{Cite journal|last1=Oliveira|first1=R.|last2=Godinho|first2=R.|last3=Randi|first3=E.|last4=Alves|first4=P. C.|title=Hybridization Versus Conservation: Are Domestic Cats Threatening the Genetic Integrity of Wildcats (''Felis silvestris silvestris'') in Iberian Peninsula?|journal=Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences|volume=363|issue=1505|pages=2953–2961|date=2008|pmid=18522917|doi=10.1098/rstb.2008.0052|pmc=2606743}}</ref> Ena yasana kadua, ka rairai matata cake, na kena vakacurumi ki na veivanua e sega ni tiko kina na pusi ni vanua e cau ki na kena sa lutu sobu na species ni vanua.<ref name="contr-ext" /> === Kilataki === Pusi kilavale era pusi vale era sucu ena se ra sa lesu tale ki na dua na ituvaki ni veikau. Era sega ni kilai ira vinaka na tamata ra qai dau veilakoyaki galala ena veikoro lelevu kei na veivanua lala.<ref name="Rochlitz2" /> Na [[naba]] ni pusi vakakila e sega ni kilai, ia na vakasama ni [[Matanitu Cokovata o Amerika|Amerika]] na iwiliwili ni kilavale e tiko mai na 25 ina 60 milioni.<ref name="Rochlitz2" /> Pusi kilavale e rawa ni bula duadua, ia e levu era kune ena koloni lelevu, era taukena e dua na vanua vakatabakidua ra qai dau veiwekani kei na dua na ivurevure ni kakana.<ref name="hsus-feral">{{cite web|url=http://www.hsus.org/pets/issues_affecting_our_pets/feral_cats/feral_cats_frequently_asked_questions.html#1_What_is_a_feral_cat|title=What is the difference between a stray cat and a feral cat?|date=2 January 2008|work=HSUS.org|publisher=[[Humane Society of the United States]]|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080501093143/http://www.hsus.org/pets/issues_affecting_our_pets/feral_cats/feral_cats_frequently_asked_questions.html#1_What_is_a_feral_cat|archive-date=1 May 2008}}</ref> Era kune e [[Rome|Roma]] na veivanua kilai levu ni pusi kilavale levu wavolita na [[Colosseum]] kei [[Forum Romanum]], kei na pusi ena so na vanua oqo era vakani ka soli vei ira na veiqaravi vakavuniwai mai vei ira dauveiqaravi.<ref>{{Cite journal|title=Spatio-temporal variation in cat population density in a sub-Antarctic environment|last=Say|first=L.|journal=Polar Biology|date=2002|volume=25|issue=2|pages=90–95|doi=10.1007/s003000100316|s2cid=22448763}}</ref> E duidui sara na nodra rai na lewenivanua me baleta na pusi kilavale, mai na nodra raici ira mera manumanu galala mera raici ira mera kutu.<ref>{{Cite journal|title=Biological Invasions in the Antarctic: Extent, Impacts and Implications|last1=Frenot|first1=Y.|last2=Chown|first2=S. L.|last3=Whinam|first3=J.|last4=Selkirk|first4=P. M.|last5=Convey|first5=P.|last6=Skotnicki|first6=M.|last7=Bergstrom|first7=D. M.|s2cid=5574897|journal=Biological Reviews|date=2005|volume=80|issue=1|pages=45–72|doi=10.1017/S1464793104006542|pmid=15727038|doi-access=free}}</ref> E so pusi kilavale e rawa ni rawati vinaka na veimaliwai ka ‘vakabulabulataki tale’ me baleta na veisusu; pusi gone, vakabibi na pusi gone<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Medina|first1=F. M.|last2=Bonnaud|first2=E.|last3=Vidal|first3=E.|last4=Tershy|first4=B. R.|author-link5=Erika Zavaleta|last5=Zavaleta|first5=E.|last6=Josh Donlan|first6=C.|last7=Keitt|first7=B. S.|last8=Le Corre|first8=M.|last9=Horwath|first9=S. V.|last10=Nogales|first10=M.|date=2011|title=A global review of the impacts of invasive cats on island endangered vertebrates|journal=Global Change Biology|volume=17|issue=11|pages=3503–3510|doi=10.1111/j.1365-2486.2011.02464.x|citeseerx=10.1.1.701.4082|bibcode=2011GCBio..17.3503M|s2cid=323316}}</ref> kei pusi era sa sotava oti kei na veitaratara kei na tamata era sa ciqoma vakalevu duadua na sasaga oqo. === Kena revurevu ena manumanu kila === Ena yanuyanu, na vuka e rawa ni cau me vaka na 60% kakana ni pusi.<ref name="Fitzgerald">{{Cite book|last1=Fitzgerald|first1=M. B.|title=The Domestic Cat: The Biology of its Behaviour|last2=Turner|first2=D. C.|editor=Turner & Bateson|pages=151–175|chapter=Hunting Behaviour of Domestic Cats and Their Impact on Prey Populations|name-list-style=amp}}</ref> Voleka ni veigauna kece, na pusi e sega ni rawa ni kilai me vaka na vuna duadua ga ni kena vakalailaitaki na iwiliwili ni manumanu vuka ni yanuyanu, kei na so na gauna, na kena vakarusai na pusi sa vakavuna e dua na "veimama manumanu dauvakacaca sereki" na kena revurevu; ena vanua e vakavuna kina na kena vakamalumalumutaki na manumanu daukana e cake e dua na levu ni manumanu lalai ka vakavuna na lutu levu ni nodra manumanu wasei. Na pusi ni vale e dua na ka e vakavuna na kena sa lutu sobu tiko e vuqa na mataqali manumanu, e dua na ka e sa qai mai vakavuna, ena so na gauna, me ra yali yani. Eso na vuka vanua e dau ni [[Niusiladi]]<ref name="Mead 1982 183–186" /> , kei na na kisi bibi duadua sai koya na sega ni vuka [[wren ni Yatu Stephens]] (''Traversia lyalli''), ka a vakavuna me yali yani ni oti ga e vica na yabaki na kena kunei.<ref>{{Cite journal|title=A Review of Feral Cat Eradication on Islands|last1=Nogales|first1=M.|last2=Martin|first2=A.|last3=Tershy|first3=B. R.|last4=Donlan|first4=C. J.|last5=Veitch|first5=D.|last6=Uerta|first6=N.|last7=Wood|first7=B.|last8=Alonso|first8=J.|journal=Conservation Biology|date=2004|volume=18|issue=2|pages=310–319|doi=10.1111/j.1523-1739.2004.00442.x|hdl=10261/22249|s2cid=11594286|url=https://digital.csic.es/bitstream/10261/22249/1/CBL-2004-18-310.pdf|hdl-access=free|access-date=24 September 2019|archive-date=6 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191206034647/https://digital.csic.es/bitstream/10261/22249/1/CBL-2004-18-310.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> E dua pusi kilavale ena Niusiladi vakamatei o 102 [[bati lailai na kena gusu lekaleka ni Niusiladi]] (''Mystacina tuberculata'') ena vitu na siga.<ref>{{Cite journal|title=Spatio-temporal variation in cat population density in a sub-Antarctic environment|last=Say|first=L.|journal=Polar Biology|date=2002|volume=25|issue=2|pages=90–95|doi=10.1007/s003000100316|s2cid=22448763}}</ref> Ena Amerika, na pusi kilavale kei na galala-vakamatei e dua na vakasama 6.3 &#x2013; 22.3 bilioni na manumanu susu ena veiyabaki.<ref name="NC012913" /> E [[Ositerelia]], na kena revurevu na pusi ena iwiliwili ni manumanu susu e levu cake sara mai na kena revurevu ni kena vakayali na vanua ni bula.<ref>{{Cite journal|title=Biological Invasions in the Antarctic: Extent, Impacts and Implications|last1=Frenot|first1=Y.|last2=Chown|first2=S. L.|last3=Whinam|first3=J.|last4=Selkirk|first4=P. M.|last5=Convey|first5=P.|last6=Skotnicki|first6=M.|last7=Bergstrom|first7=D. M.|s2cid=5574897|journal=Biological Reviews|date=2005|volume=80|issue=1|pages=45–72|doi=10.1017/S1464793104006542|pmid=15727038|doi-access=free}}</ref> E sivia e dua na milioni na qasi era dau vakamatea na pusi kila ena veisiga, e vakatayaloyalotaka na 258 species.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Medina|first1=F. M.|last2=Bonnaud|first2=E.|last3=Vidal|first3=E.|last4=Tershy|first4=B. R.|author-link5=Erika Zavaleta|last5=Zavaleta|first5=E.|last6=Josh Donlan|first6=C.|last7=Keitt|first7=B. S.|last8=Le Corre|first8=M.|last9=Horwath|first9=S. V.|last10=Nogales|first10=M.|date=2011|title=A global review of the impacts of invasive cats on island endangered vertebrates|journal=Global Change Biology|volume=17|issue=11|pages=3503–3510|doi=10.1111/j.1365-2486.2011.02464.x|citeseerx=10.1.1.701.4082|bibcode=2011GCBio..17.3503M|s2cid=323316}}</ref> Pusi era sa vakavuna na kena vakarusai na ''[[Leiocephalus eremitus]]'' kei ''[[Chioninia coctei]].''<ref name="contr-ext2">{{Cite journal|last1=Doherty|first1=T. S.|last2=Glen|first2=A. S.|last3=Nimmo|first3=D. G.|last4=Ritchie|first4=E. G.|last5=Dickman|first5=C. R.|name-list-style=amp|date=2016|title=Invasive predators and global biodiversity loss|journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences|volume=113|issue=40|pages=11261–11265|doi=10.1073/pnas.1602480113|pmc=5056110|pmid=27638204|bibcode=2016PNAS..11311261D|doi-access=free}}</ref> == Veitikina == <references /> [[Category:Felidae]] rj5kj40rmuqrjmzwlyo6t5mdrc4538v 0 9466 38867 37931 2026-08-10T21:03:53Z InternetArchiveBot 8933 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260810)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 38867 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Teeth by David Shankbone.jpg|right|thumb|Bati ni tamata]] Na '''bati''' e dua na isema dredre, ka [[kalisifikataki]] e kune ena [[tebenigusu]] (se [[gusu]]) ni vuqa manumanu ni sui ka vakayagataki me vakacacana na kakana. Eso na manumanu, vakabibi [[daukana lewe]], vakayagataka tale ga na bati me baleta na vakasasa se me baleta na inaki ni veitaqomaki. Na waka ni bati e ubia na [[gusu (gusu veitiki)|gusu]]. Bati e sega ni caka mai na [[sui]], ia e caka mai na vuqa na [[tisi]] e duidui na kena levu kei na kena kaukaua. Na veitiki ni yago e qai yaco me bati e tekivu mai na tabana nijemu, na [[ektoderma]]. Na ituvatuva raraba ni bati e tautauvata ena veivanua kece sara ni manumanu ni sui, e dina ga ni levu sara na duidui ena kedra irairai kei na kedra itutu. Na batidra na manumanu susu e titobu na wakadra, e kune tale ga na ivakarau oqo ena so na ika, kei ena [[korokotaile]]. Ia ena levu na [[ika]] [[teleost]], na batidra e kabi tu ena taudaku ni sui, ia ena [[moko]] era kabi tu ena loma ni qaqalo ena dua na yasana.Ena [[ika ni sui]], me vaka [[qio]], na bati e semati ena [[liga (tisi)|liga]] kaukauwa ki na hupu ni [[cartilage]] ka bulia na [[tebenigusu]].<ref name="VB">{{cite book|author=Romer, Alfred Sherwood|author2=Parsons, Thomas S.|year=1977|title=The Vertebrate Body|url=https://archive.org/details/vertebratebody0000rome_a5a9|publisher=Holt-Saunders International|location=Philadelphia, PA|pages=[https://archive.org/details/vertebratebody0000rome_a5a9/page/300 300]–310|isbn=0-03-910284-X}}</ref> Eso na manumanu e dua ga na seti ni bati, eso tale e levu na seti ni bati. [[Qio]], me kena ivakaraitaki, tubu e dua na seti vou ni bati ena veimacawa rua me sosomitaka na bati sa vakayagataki. [[Rodent]] na iqaqalo ni liga e tubu ka vakacacani tikoga ena kena gunuvi, ka vukea me maroroi tikoga na kena balavu. Na cakacaka ni [[biu]] e baleta e dua na tiki ni veivakadonui oqo. E vuqa na manumanu lalai me vaka na [[vole]] kei [[vuaka kini]], ia e sega ni [[Rattus|kalavo]], vakakina na [[leporidae]] me vaka na [[rapiti]], e tubu tikoga na nodra bati me ikuri ni bati ni bati.<ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Tummers M, Thesleff I|title=Root or crown: a developmental choice orchestrated by the differential regulation of the epithelial stem cell niche in the tooth of two rodent species|journal=Development|volume=130|issue=6|pages=1049–57|date=March 2003|pmid=12571097|doi=10.1242/dev.00332|url=}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|author=Hunt AM|title=A description of the molar teeth and investing tissues of normal guinea pigs|journal=J. Dent. Res.|volume=38|issue=2|pages=216–31|year=1959|pmid=13641521|doi=10.1177/00220345590380020301|url=http://jdr.sagepub.com/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=13641521}}</ref> ==Veitikina== {{reflist}} [[Category:Gacagaca]] 29fmsgbbm2mw3tpov51iv0zf7yp75be 0 9481 38862 37919 2026-08-10T20:56:47Z InternetArchiveBot 8933 Add 3 books for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260810)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 38862 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Human-Hands-Front-Back.jpg|right|thumb|E liu kei muri e dua na liga imatau ni tamata.]] Na '''liga''' e dua veitiki vata kei iqaqalo cokovata ikuri ka tiko ena mua ni [[draliga]] se [[drayava]] ni eso na [[vakasucuna]], vakabibi [[veitataqati]], E vica tale [[vertebrate]] me vakataka na [[koala]] e vakavuqa ni dau vakamacalataki me "liga" ia me kena isosomi [[iqaqaso]] na e liu yava. Na [[rataboni]] e dau vakamacalataki tu me "liga" e dina ga ni sega na kena ivakalailai.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Thomas|first1=Dorcas MacClintock; illustrated by J. Sharkey|title=A natural history of raccoons|url=https://archive.org/details/naturalhistoryof0000macc_m2o2|date=2002|publisher=Blackburn Press|location=Caldwell, N.J.|isbn=978-1-930665-67-5|page=[https://archive.org/details/naturalhistoryof0000macc_m2o2/page/15 15]}}</ref> Eso na veikaedauyaco tiko dauveitiki vakayagataka na vosavosa ''liga'' me baleta na ikuri ni matanivika ena drayava levucake vakararaba — kena ivakaraitaki, me vaka ena kedratou itukutuku se ratou lewe tolu matanivika ni [[Manumanu vuka|vuka]] a oka kina na mate vakatautauvata ni rua na matanivika me vaka ena [[dainaso]] liga.<ref name="Xing" /> Na liga ni tamata e kena ivakarau me lima matanivika: va [[ligaqu]] kei dua [[ivakalailai]];<ref name="Latash2008">{{cite book|author=Latash, Mark L.|title=Synergy|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=640UDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA137|date=2008|publisher=Oxford University Press, USA|isbn=978-0-19-533316-9|pages=137–}}</ref><ref name="KivellLemelin2016">{{cite book|author1=Kivell, Tracy L.|author2=Lemelin, Pierre|author3=Richmond, Brian G.|author4=Schmitt, Daniel|title=The Evolution of the Primate Hand: Anatomical, Developmental, Functional, and Paleontological Evidence|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=R1nSDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA7|date=2016|publisher=Springer|isbn=978-1-4939-3646-5|pages=7–}}</ref> oqo e dau vakatokai vakasoqoni vata me lima ligaqu, ia, o koya na ivakalailai okati me dua vei ira na ligaqu.<ref name="Latash2008" /><ref>{{cite book|last1=Goldfinger|first1=Eliot|title=Human Anatomy for Artists : The Elements of Form: The Elements of Form|url=https://archive.org/details/humananatomyfora0000gold|date=1991|isbn=9780199763108|publisher=Oxford University Press|pages=[https://archive.org/details/humananatomyfora0000gold/page/177 177], 295}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=O'Rahilly|first1=Ronan|last2=Müller|first2=Fabiola|title=Basic Human Anatomy: A Regional Study of Human Structure|url=https://archive.org/details/basichumananatom0000orah|isbn=9780721669908|date=1983|publisher=Saunders|page=[https://archive.org/details/basichumananatom0000orah/page/93 93]}}</ref>E na 27 [[sui]], sega ni okati kina na sui ni [[sesamami sui]], ka duidui na kena iwiliwili vei ira na tamata,<ref name="Schmidt 2003 105" /> 14 ka sai koya na yafa (veisosorataki, vakacegu kei veivakacalai) ni ligaqu kei ivakalailai. Na metacarcar sui ga e semata na ivakalailai kei na [[carci sui]] ni [[ilabeniika]]. Na liga vakatamata yadua e tu lima metacarcar<ref name="Marieb" /> kei walu carci sui. Na ligaqu era tu kina eso na vanua vavaku ni nave ena yago, ka sa ivurevure vutuniyau ni vakalelewa. E tiko talega vei ira na kaukauwa cecere duadua ni itutu ni yagodra; o koya gona, na yalo ni veitaratara e salavata kei na liga. Me vakataka na veigacagaca lelevu tale eso, na liga yadua e veiliutakitaki vakavinaka ena vuravura ni mona veibaqasaqa, me rawa kina ni soli yani—na digidigi ni liga e vinakati me baleta na itaviqaravi yadua me vaka na volavola kei na [[penikau]], e vakaraitaka ni cakacaka tiko na mona yadua. Vei ira na tamata, e dua na itavi bibi ni liga ena [[vago vosa]] kei [[saini vosa]]. Sa vakakina, na tini na matanifika mai na rua na ligana kei na tinikarua na ikava ni matanivola le va ligaqu (rawa ni tarai mai na ilabeniika) ka sa vakalevutaka na iwiliwili ni ivakarau ni [[naba]] kei [[vakadinadina]] iwalewale. == Veitikina == {{reflist}} [[Category:Anatomi]] 4axh86ov15nzeb886ovqahnxvxe3zb0 0 9580 38871 34849 2026-08-10T21:08:27Z InternetArchiveBot 8933 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260810)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 38871 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Large format camera lens.jpg|right|thumb|Iloilo kei na kadre ni dua na itaba vakaituvatuva levu]] E dua '''Veiitaba''' na [[cakacakaniliga]], kena bulataki, kei na kena vakatovotovotaki na kena buli e kaukauwa vinaka [[iyaloyalo]] ena kena volai vakalivaliva na rarama ena dua na [[iyaloyalo vakavakilani]], se vakavuwai ena dua na iyaya mamada me vaka na [[ivakadinadina iyaloiyalo]]. E dau vakacakacakataki ena vuqa na vanua ni vakadidike, buli iyaya(ivakaraitaki, [[photolithography]]), kei na bisinisi, ka vakakina na kena ivakavakayagataki vakadodonu me baleta na cakacakaniliga, [[iyaloyalo (valeniyaloyalo)|iyaloyalo]], [[vidio vakaraitaki]], inaki ni vakacagicagi, taleitaki, kei na [[veitaratara vakacakacaka]]. <ref>{{Cite book | title = The Focal Dictionary of Photographic Technologies | url = https://archive.org/details/focaldictionaryo0000spen | last = Spencer | first = D A | year = 1973 | publisher = Focal Press | isbn = 978-0-13-322719-2 | page = 454 }}</ref> ==Veitikina== <references /> [[Category:Veiitaba]] eaqg7u4oir4iykls0s5uyt26ncm3bea 0 9920 38856 37943 2026-08-10T20:47:03Z InternetArchiveBot 8933 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260810)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 38856 wikitext text/x-wiki Na '''yaloka''' e dua na iyaya ni bula e tubu mai vua e dua na [[manumanu]] me kauta e dua na sela ni yaloka e rawa ni [[Vakaluveni ni yaloka|vakaluveni]] (na [[zygote]]) ka me [[vakasucumi]] mai kina e dua na [[embryo]] ena loma ni yaloka me yacova ni sa yaco na [[katonigone]] me dua na manumanu ka rawa ni bula vakataki koya, ena gauna oqori e vakasucu kina na manumanu. [[File:White chicken egg square.jpg|thumb|right|Na vulavula yaloka]] [[File:Adolphe Millot oeufs-fixed.jpg|thumb|right|Na yaloka ni vuka, qasi, ika malumu sui, e dua na [[rokana]] kei veimataqali [[bebe]] kei [[kumakumare]].]]E levu na [[arthropod]], [[Manumanu sui|manumanu]] [[Manumanu sui|sui]] (sega ni wili kina [[Theria|dau vakasucu bula]]), kei [[moluska]] era dau vakaluveni na yaloka, dina ga ni so, me vaka na [[sikopioni]], era sega ni vakaluveni. Na [[qasi]] yaloka, [[vuka yaloka]], kei [[monotremata]] yaloka era biu tu mai wai ra qai wavoliti ira tu e dua na veitaqomaki qana, e rawa ni veisautaki rawa se sega ni veisautaki rawa. Na yaloka e vakasucumi ena qele se ena sova e dau maroroi ena loma ni dua na vanua katakata qai vinaka ni tubu tiko na embryo. Ni sa tubu vinaka na embryo sa qai vakasucu; qai e ramusu mai na qana yaloka. Eso na embryo e tiko na nodra bati yaloka vakalekaleka era vakayagataka mera vakacacana, paipo, se musuka na qana yaloka se na kena iubi. Vei ira na tamata, yaloka e dua na kakana taleitaki ka ra basika ena menu e vuravura raraba. E se ivakatakilakila bibi tiko ga na yaloka ena italanoa kei na italanoa buli, e vakatakarakarataka na bula, veivakabulai, kei sucu tale. Era dau vakayagataki vakalevu me [[iukuuku]]. Na kumuni ni yaloka e sa dua na ka taleitaki ena so na itovo vakavanua, dina ga ni sa vakatabui na ivalavala oqo ena gauna oqo. Na yaloka ni toa e vakayagataki ena kena buli na [[itataqomaki]] ni [[veitauvi]] [[Veitauvi|mate]]. == Yaloka ni veimataqali manumanu == Na yaloka levu duadua e volai e mai vua e dua na [[qito tavuto]] ka a {{convert|30|x|14|x|9|cm|abbr=on}} in size.<ref>{{cite web |title=Whale Shark – Cartilaginous Fish |url=http://seaworld.org/en/animal-info/animal-bytes/cartilaginous-fish/whale-shark/ |publisher=[[SeaWorld]] Parks & Entertainment |access-date=27 June 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140609153809/http://seaworld.org/en/animal-info/animal-bytes/cartilaginous-fish/whale-shark/ |archive-date=9 June 2014 }}</ref> Qito tavuto yaloka e dau vakasucu ena loma ni tina. Ena {{convert|1.5|kg|abbr=on}} kei me yacova na {{convert|17.8|x|14|cm|abbr=on}}, na yaloka ni [[ositereji]] e yaloka levu duadua vei ira [[manumanu vuka]] bula,<ref name="Khanna2005">{{cite book|last1=Khanna |first1=D.R. |year=2005 |title=Biology of Birds |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fDblIChi7KwC&pg=PA130 |location=New Delhi, India |publisher=Discovery Publishing House |isbn=978-81-7141-933-3 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160510084347/https://books.google.com/books?id=fDblIChi7KwC&pg=PA130|archive-date=10 May 2016}}</ref> dina ga ni yali [[vuka elefaniti]] kei na so vuka vakaluveni na yaloka lelevu. Na [[colibri pi]] e vakatubura na yaloka ni vuka lailai duadua e kilai, e vakarautaki ena maliwa ni 6.35–11.4 milimita (0.250–0.449 in) balavu qai veimama na karamu na kena bibi (rauta ni 0.02 oz).<ref name="Khanna2005"/>Eso na yaloka era biuta na [[qasi]] kei levu na ika, vuka, [[manumanu lalai]], kei na so tale na [[manumanu sega ni sui]] e rawa ni lailai sara. E vica na ilawalawa lelevu ni manumanu e dau tu vei ira na yaloka e rawa ni vakaduiduitaki rawarawa. {| class="wikitable" |+ Railesuva na yaloka mai na veimataqali manumanu ! Kalasi ! Mataqali ni yaloka ! Veivakatorocaketaki |- | [[Ika sega ni qaqalo]] | Mesolecitali yaloka, especially large in [[ika slim]]<ref name=Hildebrand/> | Ituvaki ni larva ni [[lampre]], veivakatorocaketaki vakadodonu ena ika silm.<ref name=Gorbman/><ref>{{cite book |last1=Hardisty |first1=M. W. |last2=Potter |first2=I. C. |year=1971 |title=The Biology of Lampreys |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YaPwAAAAMAAJ |volume=2 |edition=1st |location=New York, USA |publisher=Academic Press Inc. |isbn=0-12-324801-9}}</ref> |- | [[Ika malumu sui]] | Makrolecitali yaloka vata yaloka kapisula<ref name=Hildebrand/> | Veivakatorocaketaki vakadodonu, [[vivipariti]] ena e so species.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Compagno |first1=Leonard J. V. |year=1984 |title=Sharks of the World: An annotated and illustrated catalogue of shark species known to date |publisher=Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations |isbn=92-5-104543-7 |oclc=156157504}}</ref> |- | [[Ika sui]] | Makrolecitali yaloka, small to medium size, yaloka lelevu ena [[koelakanth]]<ref name="Romer & Parson"/> | Ituvaki ni larva, [[ovovivipariti]] ena e so species.<ref>{{cite book |last=Peter |first=Scott |date=1997 |title=Livebearing Fishes |url=https://archive.org/details/fishkeepersguide0000scot_q5p7 |location=Blacksburg, Virginia, USA |publisher=Tetra Press |page=[https://archive.org/details/fishkeepersguide0000scot_q5p7/page/13 13] |isbn=1-56465-193-2}}</ref> |- | [[Amphibian]] | Levu veimama makrolecitali yaloka ena veika kece species.<ref name="Romer & Parson"/> | Ituvaki ni [[luveni boto]], veivakatorocaketaki vakadodonu ena e so species.<ref name="Romer & Parson"/> |- | [[Manumanu qasi|Qasi]] | Levu makrolecitali yaloka, vakatorocaketaki tu vakataki koya mai na wai.<ref name="Stewart J. R. 1997"/> | Veivakatorocaketaki vakadodonu, e so ovovivipariti |- | [[Manumanu vuka|Vuka]] | Levu ki na levu sara macrolecithal eggs ena veika kece species, vakatorocaketaki tu vakataki koya mai na wai.<ref name=Hildebrand/> | Na gone e levu cake se lailai sobu na kena vakatorocaketaki taucoko, sega ni duatani ituvaki ni larva. |- | [[Manumanu susu|Susu]] | Makrolecitali yaloka ena [[monotremata]] kei [[marsupial]], sara Maikorolecitali yaloka ena [[vakasucu manumanu susu]].<ref name=Hildebrand/> | Na gone lailai e vakatorocaketaki vata kei na ituvaki ni larva sega ni matata ena monotremata kei marsupial, vakatorocaketaki vakadodonu ena vakasucu. |} == Tuvatuva == Na veisau ni yaloka ni tuvatuva sa tekivu ena [[gamete]] ([[Ovaritaki|vakasucutaki]]) ka tekivu na kena buli na yaloka. Ena loma ni [[sala yatevuso]], [[albumen]], membrana ni qana, kei taudaku qana sa rawa ni qai vakayagataki.<ref>{{cite book|title=Clinical Anatomy and Physiology for Veterinary Technicians|first1=Thomas P.|last1=Colville|first2=Joanna M.|last2=Bassert|edition=3rd|publisher=Elsevier Health Sciences|year=2015|isbn=9780323356206|page=558|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9DMwBwAAQBAJ&pg=PA558}}</ref> Na yaloka sa oti sa qai [[Dauvakaovari|dauvakaovaritaki]] kei na kena itinitini vakaluveni ni yaloka rawa ni tekivu. == Veitikina == {{reflist}} [[Category:Vakatuburi]] [[Category:Ivakarau vakaluveni ni manumanu]] rr5mj4qmjsvsfafvp72hvkja7s7jzoc 0 10111 38874 36687 2026-08-10T21:10:07Z InternetArchiveBot 8933 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260810)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 38874 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Sine wavelength.svg|thumb|Na balavu ni ua ni dua na [[ua sine]], λ, e rawa ni vakarautaki ena maliwa ni rua na tikina cava ga kei na [[Itekitekivu (ua)|itekitekivu]] vata ga, me vaka ena maliwa ni ulu (ena dela ni), se na qara (ena ruku), se veiganiti ni saiva takosova me vaka e vakaraitaki.]] Ena [[fisiki]] kei [[fika]], '''Balavu ni ua''' se '''gauna ni vanua''' ni dua na [[ua]] se [[Cakacaka vakawasoma|cakacaka ni veigauna]] sa ikoya na yawa ni kena tokaruataki na ibulibuli ni ua.<ref name="hecht">{{cite book|first=Eugene|last=Hecht|year=1987|title=Optics|url=https://archive.org/details/optics0000hech|edition=2nd|publisher=Addison Wesley|isbn=0-201-11609-X|pages=[https://archive.org/details/optics0000hech/page/15 15]–16}}</ref><ref name="Flowers">{{cite book|title=An introduction to numerical methods in C++|chapter=§21.2 Periodic functions|page=473|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=weYj75E_t6MC&pg=RA1-PA473|author=Brian Hilton Flowers|isbn=0-19-850693-7|year=2000|edition=2nd|publisher=Cambridge University Press}}</ref>Ena dua tale na kena vosa, sa ikoya na yawa ena maliwa ni veitarataravi ni veitikina veiganiti ni dua ga ''[[Itekitekivu (ua)|itekitekivu]]'' ena ua, me vaka e rua na veiulunivanua veivolekati, na veibuca, se saiva takosova. Na balavu ni ua e dua na itovo ni veilakoyaki ua kei tudei ua, ka vakakina eso tale na vanua ua ivakarau.<ref name="Seaway">{{cite book|title=Principles of physics|author1=Raymond A. Serway|author2=John W. Jewett|pages=404, 440|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1DZz341Pp50C&pg=PA404|edition=4th|isbn=0-534-49143-X|publisher=Cengage Learning|year=2006}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=The surface physics of liquid crystals|author=A. A. Sonin|publisher=Taylor & Francis|year=1995|isbn=2-88124-995-7|page=17}}</ref> Na veibasai ni ua e balavu ni ua na ''[[vakawasoma ni vanua]]''. Balavu ni ua e dau vakatokai na [[Matanivola Vakakirisi|Matanivola]] [[Matanivola Vakakirisi|Vakakirisi]] lambda (''λ''). Me baleta e dua na ua veisautaki, ''balavu ni ua'' e rawa ni vakaibalebaletaka na kaukauwa ni kauta na [[sikinala]]. Na vosa ''balavu ni ua'' e rawa ni vakayagataki talega ki na envelope ni tokaruataki ni ua veisautaki se ua e buli mai na veivakacacani ni vica na sinusoid.<ref>{{cite book|title=Electromagnetic Theory for Microwaves and Optoelectronics|author1=Keqian Zhang|author2=Dejie Li|name-list-style=amp|publisher=Springer|year=2007|isbn=978-3-540-74295-1|page=533|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3Da7MvRZTlAC&q=wavelength+modulated-wave+envelope&pg=PA533}}</ref> Na balavu ni ua e vakatau ena veimama (me kena ivakaraitaki, na [[iceru ni duka]], [[cagi]], se [[wai]]) e lako curuma e dua na ua. Na ivakaraitaki ni ua sai koya na [[rorogo|ua rorogo]], [[rarama]], [[ua wai]] kei sikinala ni livaliva ena veigauna ena dua na conductor. Na ua ni rorogo e dua na cagi [[revurevu]], ia ena rarama kei na so tale na kaukauwa ni [[Iteitei livaliva|livaliva]] kei na vanua ni [[Iteitei makeneta|makeneta]] e duidui. Na ua ni wai e veisau ni cecere ni dua na yago ni wai. Ena dua na yavavala ni lattice ni karisitala, e duidui na itutu ni atomi. Na veimataqali balavu ni ua se na veigauna me baleta na veika e yaco ena ua e vakatokai me dua na [[Sipekitaramu|s''ipekitaramu'']]. Na yaca e tekivu mai na [[Laurai sipekitaramu|laurai rarama sipekitaramu]] ia oqo e rawa ni vakayagataki ki na [[sipekitaramu livaliva taucoko]] ka vakakina ki na dua na [[sipektaramu rorogo]] se [[sipektaramu yavavala]]. == Veitikina == [[Category:Ua]] [[Category:Balavu]] tst1xbjpq9jnv2r72l0nth2431hw5x4 0 10184 38865 36898 2026-08-10T21:02:44Z InternetArchiveBot 8933 Add 2 books for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260810)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 38865 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Lipari-Obsidienne (5).jpg|thumb|Obsidiana]] Na '''obsidiana''' e dua na [[volukano iloilo]] e dau yaco vakaidina ka ni sa vakadrodroi mai na [[lava]] mai na volukila ka lailai sara na tubu ni karisitala. E dua na vatu bukawaqa.<ref>{{cite book|last=Rafferty|first=John P.|title=Rocks|url=https://archive.org/details/rocks0000unse|date=2012|publisher=Britannica Educational Pub. in association with Rosen Educational Services|location=New York, NY|isbn=9781615304929|page=[https://archive.org/details/rocks0000unse/page/97 97]|edition=1st}}</ref> E buli mai na felsic lava, na obsidian e vutuniyau ena veika mamada me vaka na [[silikoni]], [[okisijeni]], [[aluminiumi]], [[sodiumi]], kei [[potasiumi]]. E dau kune ena loma ni iyalayala ni drodro ni lava ni rhyolitic ka kilai me drodro ni obsidiana. Na drodro oqo e tiko kina e dua na levu ni [[silica]], ka solia vei ira e dua na kaukauwa cecere. Na [[Kaukauwa (dinamika)|kaukauwa]] cecere e tarova na kena veisoliyaki na atomi ena lava, ka tarova na imatai ni kalawa ([[niukiliataki]]) ena kena buli na minerale [[karisitala]]. Vata kei na totolo ni vakacegu, oqo e rawa kina e dua na iloilo vakayago e buli mai na lava.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Raymond|first1=Loren A.|title=Petrology : the study of igneous, sedimentary, metamorphic rocks|url=https://archive.org/details/petrologystudyof0000raym|date=1995|publisher=Wm. C. Brown|location=Dubuque, Iowa|isbn=0697001903|page=[https://archive.org/details/petrologystudyof0000raym/page/27 27]}}</ref> Obsidiana e kaukaua, kaukaua, qai sega ni vakaiyalayala; e dau vakacacani kina na kena matailalai. Ena veigauna sa oti, e dau vakayagataki me buli kina na iyaya ni veisele kei na veisele, ka sa vakayagataki vakatovotovo me vaka na veisele scalpeli yame.<ref>{{cite book|author1=Brian Cotterell|author2=Johan Kamminga|title=Mechanics of pre-industrial technology: an introduction to the mechanics of ancient and traditional material culture|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0-xOM8y6Uc8C&pg=PA127|access-date=September 9, 2011|year=1992|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-42871-2|pages=127–}}</ref> == Veitikina == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Minerale]] 2be7q50ke9qmhjn80o51a9yu4zfz4wi 0 10194 38873 36915 2026-08-10T21:09:31Z InternetArchiveBot 8933 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260810)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 38873 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Example of a set.svg|thumb|E dua na seti ni veitikina ena dua na [[iyaloyalo Euler]]]] [[File:Example of a set rearranged.svg|thumb|Na seti oqo e tautauvata kei na kena e vakaraitaki e cake me vaka ni rau sa tautauvata sara ga na veika e tu vei rau.]] Ena [[fika]], na '''seti''' e dua isoqoni ni duidui<ref name="Cantor">{{cite book|quote=By an 'aggregate' (Menge) we are to understand any collection into a whole (Zusammenfassung zu einem Ganzen) ''M'' of definite and separate objects ''m'' of our intuition or our thought.|last1=Cantor|first1=Georg|last2=Jourdain|first2=((Philip E.B. (Translator)))|date=1915|title=Contributions to the founding of the theory of transfinite numbers|url=https://archive.org/details/contributionstof00cant|publisher=New York Dover Publications (1954 English translation)}} Here: p.85</ref> veika;<ref name="JainAhmad1995">{{cite book|author1=P. K. Jain|author2=Khalil Ahmad|author3=Om P. Ahuja|title=Functional Analysis|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yZ68h97pnAkC&pg=PA1|year=1995|publisher=New Age International|isbn=978-81-224-0801-0|page=1}}</ref><ref name="Goldberg1986">{{cite book|author=Samuel Goldberg|title=Probability: An Introduction|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CmzFx9rB_FcC&pg=PA2|date=1 January 1986|publisher=Courier Corporation|isbn=978-0-486-65252-8|page=2}}</ref><ref name="CormenCormen2001">{{cite book|author1=Thomas H. Cormen|author2=Charles E Leiserson|author3=Ronald L Rivest|author4=Clifford Stein|title=Introduction To Algorithms|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NLngYyWFl_YC&pg=PA1070|year=2001|publisher=MIT Press|isbn=978-0-262-03293-3|page=1070}}</ref> na veika oqo era vakatokai me ra [[Veika (fika)|veika]] se lewe ni seti ka ra dau [[iyaya vakafika]] ni dua na mataqali: naba, ivakatakarakara, tikina ena vanua, laini, so tale na ibulibuli ni geometrical, veisau, se so tale na seti.{{sfn|Halmos|1960|p=[https://archive.org/details/naivesettheory00halm/page/n11/mode/2up 1]}}E rawa ni [[vakaiyalayala]] se [[sega vakaiyalayala]] e dua na seti, e vakatau ena iwiliwili ni kena veitiki e vakaiyalayala se sega. E tiko e dua na seti duatani ka sega na kena veitiki, ka vakatokai na [[seti lala]]; e dua na seti kei na dua ga na veika e dua na duabau. Na seti e tu ena veivanua kecega ena fika ni gauna oqo. E dina sara, na [[Seti icavacava|icavacava ni seti]], vakadodonu cake [[Zermelo–Fraenkel seti icavacava|Zermelo–Fraenkel seti icavacava]], sa ikoya na sala tudei me vakarautaki kina na yavu kaukauwa me baleta na tabana kece ni fika me tekivu mai na imatai ni veimama ni ika 20 senitiuri.{{sfn|Halmos|1960|p=[https://archive.org/details/naivesettheory00halm/page/n11/mode/2up 1]}} == Ivakamacala == == Veitikina == <references /> [[Category:Seti icavacava]] [[Category:Iyaya vakafika]] am4tbpqt7p5s9srjuzc72yff6jvmfoe 0 10205 38868 37042 2026-08-10T21:04:32Z InternetArchiveBot 8933 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260810)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 38868 wikitext text/x-wiki Na '''tai''' sai koya na [[vanua]] e toka volekata na [[wasawasa]] se na laini e bulia na iyalayala ni vanua kei na wasawasa se dua [[drano]]. E vakatau na tai era vakauqeti mai na [[topoloji]] ni vanua wavolita, vaka kina na kena [[vakacacani]] na qele ena wai, me vaka na [[ua]]. Na ituvatuva ni qele ni vatu kei na qele e vakatau kina na mataqali baravi e buli. E rauta ni 620,000 na kilomita (390,000 na maile) na tailaini e vuravura. Tai e vanua bibi ena veika bula vakaitaukei, e dau tiko kina e vuqa na veikabula [[ivakarau ni bula]]. Ena qele, era dau vakarurugi kina na veika bula bibi me vaka na [[savasavawai]] se [[vanua mamaca]] ni [[estuarine]], ka bibi vei ira na iwiliwili ni vuka kei manumanu tale eso ni qele. Ena vanua e taqomaki mai na ua, era dau vakarurugi kina na [[lolobo masima]], na [[veidogo]] se na [[co wasawasa]], na veika kece oqo e rawa ni vanua ni susu manumanu vei ira na [[ika]], [[qanivivili]], kei na so tale na [[manumanu ni wai]].<ref name=":1">{{cite book|url=http://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-90-481-2406-0|title=Ecological Connectivity Among Tropical Coastal Ecosystems|date=2009|publisher=[[Springer Science+Business Media|Springer Netherlands]]|isbn=978-90-481-2405-3|editor-last=Nagelkerken|editor-first=Ivan|location=[[Dordrecht]]|language=en|doi=10.1007/978-90-481-2406-0}}</ref><ref name=":4">{{cite journal|last1=Nagelkerken|first1=I.|last2=Blaber|first2=S.J.M.|last3=Bouillon|first3=S.|last4=Green|first4=P.|last5=Haywood|first5=M.|last6=Kirton|first6=L.G.|last7=Meynecke|first7=J.-O.|last8=Pawlik|first8=J.|last9=Penrose|first9=H.M.|last10=Sasekumar|first10=A.|last11=Somerfield|first11=P.J.|date=2008|title=The habitat function of mangroves for terrestrial and marine fauna: A review|url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0304377007001830|journal=[[Aquatic Botany]]|language=en|volume=89|issue=2|pages=155–185|doi=10.1016/j.aquabot.2007.12.007|bibcode=2008AqBot..89..155N}}</ref> Na [[vatuvatu matasawa]] e dau kune ena tai vakaraitaki ka vakarautaka na itikotiko vei ira e vuqa manumanu (me vaka na [[Masi (rua na qanivivili)|masi]], [[basage]], [[barnacle]]) kei na veimataqali [[coniwaitui]]. Ena vakadidike ni wasa vakayago, e dua na baravi sai koya na iwirimadigi rabailevu ka veisautaki vakajioloji ena cakacaka ni yago ni wai ena gauna sa oti kei na gauna oqo, ni baravi e tiko ena bati ni matasawa, ka vakatakarakarataka na vanua ni veiua e tiko kina e dua.<ref>{{cite book|first1=George L.|last1=Pickard|first2=William J.|last2=Emery|title=Descriptive Physical Oceanography|url=https://archive.org/details/descriptivephysi0000pick_c0c8|edition=5th (illustrated)|publisher=[[Elsevier]]|year=1990|pages=[https://archive.org/details/descriptivephysi0000pick_c0c8/page/7 7]–8|isbn=0-7506-2759-X}}</ref> Ena baravi katakata e matata qai sega ni levu kina na wai, e dau kune kina na [[veibuca korala]] ena maliwa ni titobu ni {{cvt|1–50|m|ft}}. Me vaka e dua na ivolatukutuku e vakarautaka na [[Matabose Vuravura]], e rauta 44% ni iwiliwili ni tamata era bula ena loma ni 150 na kilomita (93 na maile) mai na wasawasa me vaka na 2013.<ref name="UN Atlas">{{cite web|title=UN Atlas of the Oceans|url=https://coastalchallenges.com/2010/01/31/un-atlas-60-of-us-live-in-the-coastal-areas|publisher=CoastalChallenges.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131102170907/http://coastalchallenges.com/2010/01/31/un-atlas-60-of-us-live-in-the-coastal-areas/|archive-date=2 November 2013|access-date=2013-10-31}}</ref> Ena vuku ni kena bibi ena bula raraba kei na kena levu na lewenivanua, na baravi e bibi me baleta na veitiki lelevu ni kakana kei na ivakarau ni bula vakailavo ni vuravura raraba, ka ra vakarautaka e vuqa na veiqaravi ni ivakarau ni bula ki na kawatamata. Kena ivakaraitaki, e dau yaco na cakacaka bibi vakatamata ena veikoro lelevu ni [[Waqa (veiqaravi)|waqa]]. Na [[qoli]] ena veitai (veivoli, veivakamarautaki, kei na bula) kei na [[teitei wai]] e cakacaka vakailavo lelevu ka vakavuna na cakacaka, bula rawati koya, kei [[protein]] vei ira na lewe levu ni tamata ena veitai. Na veivanua tale eso ena veitai vanua me vaka [[baravi]] kei [[yasawasawasa vanua ni gade]] era rawata kina na ilavo levu ena [[saravanua]]. Na veitai wasawasa ivakarau ni bula e rawa talega ni taqomaki mai na tubu ni waitui kei na [[sunami]]. Ena vuqa na vanua, na veivunikau ni veikau e ivurevure taumada ni [[kau]] me baleta na [[Waiwai (igu)|waiwai]] (e.g. [[qilaiso]]) kei na iyaya ni tara vale. Veitai wasawasa ivakarau ni bula me vaka na [[veidogo]] kei [[co wasawasa]] e cecere cake sara na kena rawa ni vakayagataki na kaboni mai na vuqa na veika bula e vuravura, ka me vaka oqo e rawa ni vakayacora e dua na itavi bibi ena dua na gauna lekaleka mai oqo me vukea na kena vakalailaitaki na [[veisau ni draki]] ena kena tauri na [[kaboni daiokisaiti]] ni tamata ena maliwalala. [[File:Alimini Otranto.jpg|thumb|Tai laini ena [[Otranto]], [[Apulia]], [[Itali]]]] [[File:Knights Point - Tasmánské moře - panoramio.jpg|thumb|Voravora tai laini ni [[Ra Tai, Niusiladi|Yasayasa Ra Tai]] kei [[Niusiladi]]]] [[File:0.1. Mar Mediterrània - Serra de Tramuntana. Torrent de Pareis. (Escorca, Mallorca).jpg|thumb|[[Escorca]] tai, [[Serra de Tramuntana]] ([[Yatu Balea]])]] Ia, na bibi ni bula vakailavo ni baravi e vakavuna me levu vei ira na veivanua oqo era vakaleqai ena veisau ni draki, ka vakavuna na tubu ni [[draki ca sara]] kei tubu ni wasawasa, ka vakakina na veika e semati kina me vaka na [[veitai vakacaca]], [[masimawai veivakacacani]], kei [[Waluvu|veitai waluvu]].<ref name=":0">{{cite web|title=Climate change and the coasts|website=[[World Ocean Review]]|url=https://worldoceanreview.com/en/wor-5/climate-change-threats-and-natural-hazards/climate-change-and-the-coasts|access-date=2020-12-19|language=en-US}}</ref>Na veika tale eso e baleta na veitai, me vaka [[vakadukadukalitaki ni wasawasa]], benu ni wasawasa, veivakatorocaketaki ni veitai, kei na vakarusai ni veitai wasawasa ivakarau ni bula, e vakadredretaka tale na nodra vakayagataka na tamata na tai qai vakarerevaki kina na veitai wasawasa ivakarau ni bula.<ref name=":0" /> == Veitikina == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Tai]] s1e3iw45bwhdh2a1qjh1ajdmsj6jwg7 0 10232 38853 37023 2026-08-10T20:43:25Z InternetArchiveBot 8933 Add 3 books for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260810)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 38853 wikitext text/x-wiki Ena [[fika]], na '''fraktala''' e dua na buila veijiometri e tiko kina na ituvatuva matailalai ena veivakatautauvatataki lailai, e dau tiko kina e dua na ivakarau ni fractal e sivia sara na ivakarau ni topological. E vuqa na fractals e laurai tautauvata ena veimataqali ivakarau, me vaka e vakaraitaka na veivakatorocaketaki veitaravi ni [[Mandelbrot seti]].<ref name="Mandelbrot1983">{{cite book|last=Mandelbrot|first=Benoît B.|title=The fractal geometry of nature|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0R2LkE3N7-oC|year=1983|publisher=Macmillan|isbn=978-0-7167-1186-5}}</ref><ref name="Falconer">{{Cite book|last=Falconer|first=Kenneth|title=Fractal Geometry: Mathematical Foundations and Applications|url=https://archive.org/details/fractalgeometrym0000falc_b7u9|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|year=2003|pages=xxv|isbn=978-0-470-84862-3|no-pp=true}}</ref><ref name="patterns">{{Cite book|title=Fractals:The Patterns of Chaos|url=https://archive.org/details/fractalspatterns0000brig|last=Briggs|first=John|year=1992|publisher=Thames and Hudson|location=London|isbn=978-0-500-27693-8|page=[https://archive.org/details/fractalspatterns0000brig/page/148 148]}}</ref><ref name="vicsek">{{cite book|last=Vicsek|first=Tamás|title=Fractal growth phenomena|url=https://archive.org/details/fractalgrowthphe0000vics_2edi|publisher=World Scientific|location=Singapore/New Jersey|year=1992|isbn=978-981-02-0668-0|pages=31; 139–146}}</ref> Na vakaraitaki oqo ni ivakarau tautauvata ena vakalevutaki ni veivakatautauvatataki lailai e vakatokai na [[tautauvata vakataki koya]], kilai talega me vakarabailevutaki ni veivakatautauvatataki se veivakatautauvatataki ni veivakatautauvatataki; kevaka e tautauvata sara ga na veivakatautauvatataki oqo ena veivakatautauvatataki kecega, me vaka ena [[vutovuto Menger]], na ibulibuli e vakatokai me affine vakataki koya-tautauvata.<ref name="Gouyet">{{cite book|last=Gouyet|first=Jean-François|title=Physics and fractal structures|publisher=Masson Springer|location=Paris/New York|year=1996|isbn=978-0-387-94153-0}}</ref> Na jiometri fraktala e tiko ena loma ni tabana ni fika ni [[icavacava ituvatuva]]. [[File:Mandel zoom 14 satellite julia island.jpg|thumb|Mandelbrot seti ena yanuyanu]] [[File:Mandel zoom 00 mandelbrot set.jpg|thumb|Na [[Mandelbrot seti]]: na kena iyalayala e dua na [[ivakarau Hausdorff]] 2.]] E dua na sala e duidui kina na fraktala mai na iwiliwili ni veijiometri vakaiyalayala na sala era vakarautaka kina. Na vakaruataki ni balavu ni bati ni dua na polikoni vakasinaiti e vakalevutaka na kena vanua ena va, ka sa rua (na ratio ni vou ki na balavu ni yasana makawa) laveti cake ki na kaukauwa ni rua (na ivakarau tudei ni polygon vakasinaiti). Vakakina, kevaka e vakaruataki na radiusi ni dua na vuravura vakasinaiti, na kena iwiliwili e vakalevutaki ena walu, ka sa rua (na raitio ni radiusi vou ki na radiusi makawa) ki na kaukauwa ni tolu (na ivakarau tudei ni vuravura vakasinaiti). Ia, kevaka e dua na fractal ni dua-na-ivakarau ni balavu e vakaruataki kece, na itukutuku ni vanua ni fractal na ivakarau ena dua na kaukauwa e sega ni dodonu me dua na taucoko ka sa raraba levu cake mai na kena ivakarau ni ivakarau. Na kaukauwa oqo e vakatokai na [[ivakarau ni fraktala]] ni ka veijiometri, me vakaduiduitaka mai na ivakarau ni ivakarau (ka sa vakatokai vakamatanitu na [[ivakarau veitopolji]]).<ref name="Mandelbrot Chaos">{{cite book|last=Mandelbrot|first=Benoît B.|title=Fractals and Chaos|publisher=Springer|location=Berlin|year=2004|isbn=978-0-387-20158-0|quote=A fractal set is one for which the fractal (Hausdorff-Besicovitch) dimension strictly exceeds the topological dimension|page=38}}</ref> ==Veitikina== {{reflist}} [[Category:Topoloji]] [[Category:Bulia]] hvcnugco46x0b4lr1r6yc2y6er9gjzh 0 10376 38869 38151 2026-08-10T21:06:19Z InternetArchiveBot 8933 Add 2 books for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260810)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 38869 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Weeghaak.JPG|thumb|[[Sipirigi iwiliwili]]|389x389px]] Ena [[vakadidike]] kei [[idinia]], na '''bibi''' ni dua na ka sa ikoya na [[kaukauwa]] e cakacaka tiko ena ka ena vuku ni [[kalavo]].<ref name="Morrison">{{cite journal|title=Weight and gravity - the need for consistent definitions|author=Richard C. Morrison|journal=[[The Physics Teacher]]|volume=37|page=51|date=1999|issue=1|doi=10.1119/1.880152|bibcode=1999PhTea..37...51M}}</ref><ref name="Galili">{{cite journal|title=Weight versus gravitational force: historical and educational perspectives|author=Igal Galili|journal=International Journal of Science Education|volume=23|page=1073|date=2001|issue=10|doi=10.1080/09500690110038585|bibcode=2001IJSEd..23.1073G|s2cid=11110675}}</ref><ref name="Gat">{{cite book|title=Standardization of Technical Terminology: Principles and Practice – ''second volume''|editor=Richard Alan Strehlow|date=1988|publisher=[[ASTM International]]|isbn=978-0-8031-1183-7|chapter=The weight of mass and the mess of weight|last=Gat|first=Uri|pages=45–48|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CoB5w9Km0mUC&pg=PA45}}</ref> Eso na ivola ni vuli ivakatagedegede<ref name="Knight">{{Cite book|author=Knight, Randall D.|year=2004|title=Physics for Scientists and Engineers: a Strategic Approach|location=San Francisco, USA|publisher=Addison–Wesley|isbn=0-8053-8960-1|pages=100–101|url=https://archive.org/details/physicsforscien200knig}}</ref> vakamacalataka na bibi me vaka e dua na levu ni [[vekita]], na kalavotaki kaukauwa e cakacaka tiko ena [[Iyaya vakayago|iyaya]]. Eso tale<ref name="Bauer-and-Westfall">{{Cite book|author=Bauer, Wolfgang and Westfall, Gary D.|year=2011|title=University Physics with Modern Physics|url=https://archive.org/details/universityphysic0000baue|location=New York|publisher=McGraw Hill|isbn=978-0-07-336794-1|pages=[https://archive.org/details/universityphysic0000baue/page/103 103]}}</ref><ref name="Serway-and-Jewett">{{Cite book|author=Serway, Raymond A. and Jewett, John W. Jr.|year=2008|title=Physics for Scientists and Engineers with Modern Physics|url=https://archive.org/details/physicsforscient0000serw_u6w5|location=USA|publisher=Thompson|isbn=978-0-495-11245-7|pages=[https://archive.org/details/physicsforscient0000serw_u6w5/page/106 106]}}</ref> vakamacalataka na bibi me vaka e dua na levu ni scalar, na levu ni kalavotaki kaukauwa. Ia eso tale<ref name="Hewitt">{{Cite book|author=Hewitt, Paul G.|year=2001|title=Conceptual Physics|location=USA|publisher=Addison–Wesley|isbn=0-321-05202-1|pages=[https://archive.org/details/conceptualphysic00hewi_3/page/159 159]|url=https://archive.org/details/conceptualphysic00hewi_3/page/159}}</ref> vakamacalataka me vaka na levu ni kaukauwa ni veivakacacani e vakayagataki ena dua na yago ena iwalewale e vorata kina na veika e yaco ena kalavo: na bibi na levu ni ka e vakarautaki ena, me kena ivakaraitaki na [[vakarautaki vulavou]]. O koya gona, ena dua na ituvaki ni [[lutu galala]], na bibi ena saiva. Ena [[vakasama]] ni bibi oqo, na veika e vuravura e rawa ni [[sega ni bibi]]: ke sega ni kauaitaki na veivakacacani ni cagi, na apolo kilai levu e lutu mai na [[vunikau]], ena nona sala me sotava na qele volekati [[Isaac Newton]], ena sega ni bibi. Na [[iuniti ni veivakarautaki]] me baleta na bibi sai koya na kaukauwa, ka ena [[Ivakarau Veimatanitu ni Iuniti]] (International System of Units, vakalekalekataki me vaka SI) kei na [[niutoni]]. Kena ivakaraitaki, e dua na ka e dua na kilokaramu na kena bibi e rauta ni 9.8 na niutoni na kena bibi ena dela ni [[Vuravura (veivuravura)|Vuravura]], qai rauta ni dua na ikaono ni kena bibi ena [[Vula (setilaiti)|Vula]]. Dina ga ni bibi kei na levu e duidui vakasaenisi na levu, na vosa e dau veilecayaki vata kei na dua tale ena kena vakayagataki ena veisiga (i.e. veidutaitaka ka veisautaka na bibi ni kaukauwa ena paudi ki na levu ena kilokaramu kei na kena veibasai). Na veivakaleqai tale eso ena kena vakamacalataki na veimataqali vakasama ni bibi e tiko na kena isema ki na [[icavacava ni veiwekani]] me vaka na kalavo e vakatautauvatataki me vaka e dua na itinitini ni [[veicurva]] ni vanua-ganua. Ena veivanua ni veivakavulici, e dua na veileti levu sa tiko me sivia e veimama na senitiuri ena sala me vakamacalataki kina na bibi vei ira na nodra gonevuli. Na ituvaki ni gauna oqo e dua na ilawalawa e vuqa ni vakasama co-tiko ka kunea na kena vakayagataki ena nodra veimataqali ituvaki.<ref name="Galili" /> ==Veitikina== {{reflist}} [[Category:Levu]] hvxg8312ugy9ujog8jcschix26yhbsd 0 10551 38858 37792 2026-08-10T20:48:30Z InternetArchiveBot 8933 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260810)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 38858 wikitext text/x-wiki Na '''Honshu''' e levu duadua vei ira na va na yanuyanu lelevu e [[Japani]].<ref name="main-islands-japan">{{cite web|title=離島とは(島の基礎知識) (what is a remote island?)|publisher=[[Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism]]|url=http://www.mlit.go.jp/crd/chirit/ritoutoha.html|website=MLIT (Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism)|date=22 August 2015|access-date=9 August 2019|language=ja|format=website|quote=MILT classification 6,852 islands(main islands: 5 islands, remote islands: 6,847 islands)|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071113053915/http://www.mlit.go.jp/crd/chirit/ritoutoha.html|archive-date=13 November 2007}}</ref><ref name="Britannica">{{Cite web|title=Honshu|website=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Honshu|access-date=19 February 2016}}</ref>E tiko ena maliwa ni [[Wasa Pasifika]] (tokalau) kei na [[Wasawasa Japani]] (ra). E ikavitu ni yanuyanu levu duadua e vuravura, ka ikarua ni lewe levu duadua ni oti na yanuyanu o [[Java (yanuyanu)|Java]] mai [[Idonisia]].<ref name="JPCensus">[http://www.soumu.go.jp/main_sosiki/jichi_gyousei/c-gyousei/daityo/index.html Japan Civil Registry Database 2013]</ref><ref>See [http://www.stat.go.jp/english/data/kokusei/2000/final/hyodai.htm Japan Census of 2000]; the editors of [[List of islands by population]] appear to have used similar data from the relevant statistics bureaux and totalled up the various administrative districts that make up each island, and then done the same for less populous islands. An editor of this article has not repeated that work. Therefore, this plausible and eminently reasonable ranking is posted as unsourced [[Wikipedia:Common knowledge|common knowledge]].</ref><ref name="autogenerated5">{{cite web|url=http://islands.unep.ch/Tiarea.htm|title=Islands By Land Area|publisher=Islands.unep.ch|access-date=1 August 2010|archive-date=20 February 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180220003634/http://islands.unep.ch/Tiarea.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> E 104 milioni na iwiliwili ni tamata e Honshu ena 2017, ka 81.3% ni iwiliwili taucoko ni tamata e Japani,<ref name="honshu2">{{cite book|last=Boquet|first=Yves|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=90C4DgAAQBAJ&pg=PA16|title=The Philippine Archipelago|publisher=Springer|year=2017|isbn=9783319519265|page=16}}</ref> ka vakalevu sara ena veivanua e baravi kei veivanua bucabuca. E rauta ni 30% lewenivanua taucoko era vakaitikotiko ena [[Yasayasa Levu o Tokio]] ena [[Bucabuca Kantō]]. Me vaka na itukutuku makawa ni Japani itovo vakavanua kei na kaukauwa vakapolitiki,<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|last1=Dolan|first1=Ronald|title=Japan: a country study|url=https://archive.org/details/japancountrystud00dola|last2=Worden|first2=Robert|publisher=Federal Research Division, Library of Congress|year=1992}}</ref> na yanuyanu e oka kina e vica na koroturaga ni Japani sa oti, oka kina o [[Kyoto]], [[Nara]], kei [[Kamakura]]. E levu na baravi ena ceva ni yanuyanu oqo e tiki ni [[Beleti Taiheiyō]], e dua na koro levu e robota e vica na yanuyanu e Japani.<ref name=":0" /> E tiko tale ga e Honshu na ulunivanua cecere duadua e Japani, na [[Ulunivanua Fuji]], kei na kena drano levu duadua, na [[Drano Biwa]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Honshu {{!}} Facts, History, & Points of Interest|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Honshu|access-date=14 April 2021|website=Encyclopedia Britannica|language=en}}</ref> E levu na vanua ni cakacaka e Japani e tiko ena dua na beleti e ciciva na baravi ena ceva kei Honshu, mai [[Tokio]] ki [[Nagoya]], [[Kyoto]], [[Osaka]], [[Kobe]], kei [[Hiroshima]].<ref name=":0" /><ref>''[[Kodansha Encyclopedia of Japan]]''</ref> Na yanuyanu oqo e semati ki na tolu tale na yanuyanu lelevu e Japani ena vica na idrodro kei na qara. Na yanuyanu e wasea taumada e rua na draki, kei na Vualiku Honshu e va na gauna kei na levu ni duidui ni katakata ni ceva e sotava na balavu, katakata ni vulaikatakata kei na batabata ki na vulaikatakata malumu.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Köppen|first=Wladimir|date=1884|title=Die Wärmezonen der Erde, nach der Dauer der heissen, gemässigten und kalten Zeit und nach der Wirkung der Wärme auf die organische Welt betrachtet|url=https://boris.unibe.ch/9257/1/s9.pdf|trans-title=The thermal zones of the earth according to the duration of hot, moderate and cold periods and to the impact of heat on the organic world)|journal=Meteorologische Zeitschrift|translator1-first=E.|translator1-last=Volken|translator2-first=S|translator2-last=Brönnimann|publication-date=2011|volume=20|issue=3|pages=351–360|via=ingentaconnect.com/content/schweiz/mz/2011/00000020/00000003/art00009|bibcode=2011MetZe..20..351K|doi=10.1127/0941-2948/2011/105|s2cid=209855204|access-date=2 September 2016}}</ref> [[File:Japan honshu map.svg|thumb|Mapa lailai ni Honshu, Japani]] [[File:Satellite image of Honshu in May 2003.png|thumb|Setilaiti iyaloyalo ni Honshu]] == Veitikina == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Yanuyanu (Japani)]] ofud6sazggcquco27unhyf0o1mpvfna 0 10649 38870 38519 2026-08-10T21:07:38Z InternetArchiveBot 8933 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260810)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 38870 wikitext text/x-wiki Ena [[fika]], na '''naba vakayago''' era na [[naba]] [[0]], [[1]], [[2]], [[3]], kei na so tale, e rawa ni sega ni okati kina na 0.<ref name="Enderton">{{cite book |last1=Enderton |first1=Herbert B. |title=Elements of set theory |url=https://archive.org/details/elementsofsetthe0000ende |date=1977 |publisher=Academic Press |location=New York |isbn=0122384407 |page=[https://archive.org/details/elementsofsetthe0000ende/page/66 66]}}</ref> Na vosa '''wiliwili taucoko''', '''wiliwili taucoko sega ni cala''', na '''naba kecega''', kei na '''naba ni wilika''' era vakayagataki tale ga.<ref name="Cooke2000">{{cite book |last1=Cooke |first1=Heather |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/Primary_Mathematics/yNCL5iTJqLQC?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=%22counting%20numbers%22%20%22positive%20integers%22&pg=PA14&printsec=frontcover |title=Primary Mathematics |date=26 October 2000 |publisher=SAGE |isbn=978-1-84787-949-3 |page=14 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="Zegarelli2014">{{cite book |last1=Zegarelli |first1=Mark |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/Basic_Math_and_Pre_Algebra_For_Dummies/V8nDAgAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=%22counting%20numbers%22&pg=PA21&printsec=frontcover |title=Basic Math and Pre-Algebra For Dummies |date=28 January 2014 |publisher=John Wiley & Sons |isbn=978-1-118-79199-8 |page=21 |language=en |quote=Counting numbers (also called natural numbers): The set of numbers beginning 1, 2, 3, 4, ... and going on infinitely.}}</ref> Na ilawalawa ni naba vakaitaukei e dau vakatakilakilataki ena dua na yaloqaqa <math>\N</math> se na papa karakarawa <math>\N</math>. Na naba vakayago e vakayagataki me baleta na wiliwili, kei na kena vakatakilakilataki na vua ni dua na [[wilika]], me vaka: "e ''vitu'' na siga ena dua na macawa", ena ituvaki oqori era vakatokai ''[[Naba kadinala]]''. Era dau vakayagataki tale ga me vakatakilakilataki kina na vanua ena dua na ituvatuva otataki, me vaka na: "na ikatolu siga ni vula", ena ituvaki oqori era sa vakatokai [[Naba Vakatautauvata|''naba Vakatautauvata'']]. Naba vakayagoe rawa ni vakayagataki talega me vakatakilakilataki, me vaka na naba ni jesei ni dua na timi ni qito; ena kisi oqo, era sega ni dua na iyau vakafika vakatabakidua ka ra vakatokai me [[Naba vakayacana|''naba vakayacana'']].<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Woodin |first1=Greg |first2=Bodo |last2=Winter |title=Numbers in Context: Cardinals, Ordinals, and Nominals in American English |journal=Cognitive Science |volume=48|number=6 |year=2024 |article-number=e13471 |doi=10.1111/cogs.13471 |doi-access=free|pmid=38895756 |pmc=11475258 }}</ref> == Veitikina == <references /> [[Category:Fika ni vuli taumada]] [[Category:Integer]] [[Category:Naba icavacava]] [[Category:Naba]] cr1cvlfx6wvrd87emc5ykxekdh79lso 0 10700 38864 38320 2026-08-10T20:59:24Z InternetArchiveBot 8933 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260810)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 38864 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Polynesian Starling.jpg|thumb|Husir (''Aplonis tabuensis'')]] Na '''husir''' (''Aplonis tabuensis'') e dua na species [[misi]] mai na matavuvale [[Sturnidae]]. E kune ena [[Yatu Samoa]], [[Viti]], [[Niue]], [[Toga]], na [[Yatu Santa Cruz]] kei [[Wallis kei Futuna]]. Na kena vanua ni bula vakaitaukei na veikau mamaca se [[draki katakata lalai]] kei na veikau suasua ni [[draki katakata]]. E duidui na [[species lalai]] e tiko ena loma ni vanua raraba oqo, eso e butobuto na kena roka ka so e mamada. Na kena kaci e dua na rorogo domo se qiria. Na kakana e vuanikau kei manumanu lalai.<ref>{{cite book|last=Pratt|first=H. Douglas|title=The Birds of Hawaii and the Tropical Pacific|url=https://archive.org/details/fieldguidetobird0000prat|publisher=[[Princeton University Press]]|year=1987|isbn=0-691-02399-9|display-authors=etal}}</ref> Ena yanuyanu e tiko kina na [[misi ni Samoa]] (''Aplonis atrifusca''), e sega ni dau laurai vakalevu na husir qai dau tiko ga ena veikau, e kania na vuanikau kaukaua qai sega ni dau laukana. <ref name="Craig">{{cite web|first=P.|last=Craig|title=Natural History Guide to American Samoa|url=http://www.botany.hawaii.edu/basch/uhnpscesu/pdfs/NatHistGuideAS09op.pdf|publisher=National Park of American Samoa, Department Marine and Wildlife Resources, American Samoa Community College|access-date=16 August 2009}}</ref> == Veitikina == {{reflist}} [[Category:Sturnidae]] 8hkzvj9edui6322dvib0m59gsqcywl4