Vicipéid gawiki https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pr%C3%ADomhleathanach MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.7 first-letter Meán Speisialta Plé Úsáideoir Plé úsáideora Vicipéid Plé Vicipéide Íomhá Plé íomhá MediaWiki Plé MediaWiki Teimpléad Plé teimpléid Cabhair Plé cabhrach Catagóir Plé catagóire TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk 0 3761 1318125 1270630 2026-06-20T19:50:50Z Conradder 34685 /* Tarluithe eile */ 1318125 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Meitheamh}} Is é an '''19 Meitheamh''' an 170ú lá den bhliain de réir fhéilire Ghréagóra nó an 171ú lá i mbliain bhisigh. Tá 195 lá fágtha sa bhliain. == Féilte == * [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]] - ''[[Juneteenth]]'' nó ''Lá na Fuascailte'' == Daoine a rugadh ar an lá seo == * [[1566]] — [[Séamus VI]], Rí na hAlban, na hÉireann agus Shasana (b.[[1625]]) * [[1623]] — [[Blaise Pascal]], fealsamh, fisiceoir, matamaiticeoir Francach (b.[[1662]]) * [[1859]] — [[Moltke Moe]], béaloideasaí Ioruach *b. [[1913]]) * [[1861]] — [[José Rizal]], scríbhneoir, úrscéalaí, dochtúir súl, agus náisiúnaí as na hOileáin Fhilipíneacha (b. [[1896]]) * [[1885]] — [[Pól Breathnach]], sagart Éireannach (b. [[1941]]) * [[1897]] — [[Cyril Norman Hinshelwood]], Ceimicí (b. [[1967]]) * [[1897]] — [[Moe Howard]], aisteoir agus fuirseoir Meiriceánach (b. [[1975]]) * [[1899]] — [[Boris Rybkin]], taidhleoir Sóivéadach (b. [[1947]]) * [[1903]] — [[Hans Litten]], dlíodóir Gearmánach (b. [[1938]]) * [[1906]] — [[Ernst Boris Chain]], Bithcheimicí (b. [[1979]]) * [[1924]] — [[Vasil Bykaŭ]], scríbhneoir (b.[[2003]]) * [[1930]] — [[Gena Rowlands]], ban-aisteoir Meiriceánach (b. [[2024]]) * [[1932]] — [[Marisa Pavan]], ban-aisteoir Iodálach (b. [[2023]]) * [[1940]] — [[Brendan Ingle]], dornálaí Éireannach (b. [[2018]]) * [[1941]] — [[Václav Klaus]], Uachtarán Phoblacht na Seice ó 2003 go 2013 * [[1945]] — [[Aung San Suu Kyi]], gníomhaí * [[1945]] — [[Radovan Karadžić]], 1ú uachtarán ar an Republika Srpska * [[1947]] — [[John Hinch]], ceoltóir Briotanach (b. [[2021]]) * [[1947]] — [[Salman Rushdie]], Úrscéalaí agus aistí Briotánach-Mheiriceánach * [[1951]] — [[Ayman al-Zawahiri]], sceimhlitheoir Ioslamach (b. [[2022]]) * [[1954]] — [[Kathleen Turner]], ban-aisteoir Meiriceánach * [[1964]] — [[Boris Johnson]], polaiteoir * [[1972]] — [[Jean Dujardin]], aisteoir Francach * [[1973]] — [[Nâdiya]], amhránaí Francach * [[1974]] — [[Peadar Tóibín]], polaiteoir Éireannach * [[1978]] — [[Marina Ovsyannikova]], iriseoir Rúiseach * [[1980]] — [[Claire Hanna]], polaiteoir i dTuaisceart Éireann * [[1982]] — [[Seán Tirial]], iománaí Éireannach * [[1983]] — [[Macklemore]], Ceoltóir Rap * [[1985]] — [[Pádraig Ó Dónalláin]], iománaí Éireannach * [[1990]] — [[James O'Donoghue]], imreoir peil Ghaelach * [[1998]] — [[Atticus Shaffer]], aisteoir Meiriceánach == Daoine a fuair bás ar an lá seo == * [[1608]] — [[Alberico Gentili]], dlí-eolaí Iodálach (r. [[1552]]) * [[1820]] — [[Joseph Banks]], luibheolaí Sasanach (r. [[1743]]) * [[1886]] — [[Charles Trevelyan|Charles Edward Trevelyan]], riarthóir coilíneach Sasanach (r. [[1886]]) * [[1937]] — [[J. M. Barrie]], scríbhneoir Albanach (r. [[1860]]) * [[1968]] — [[Patrick O'Dowd]], polaiteoir Éireannach (r. [[1892]]) * [[1991]] — [[Jean Arthur]], ban-aisteoir (r. [[1900]]) * [[1993]] — [[William Golding]], drámadóir Sasanach (r. [[1911]]) * [[1997]] — [[Bobby Helms]], amhránaí ceol tíre Meiriceánach (r. [[1933]]) * [[2005]] — [[Michael Davitt (file)|Michael Davitt]], file Éireannach (r. [[1950]]) * [[2013]] — [[Gyula Horn]], polaiteoir Ungárach (r. [[1932]]) * [[2013]] — [[James Gandolfini]], aisteoir Meiriceánach (r. [[1961]]) * [[2020]] — [[Ian Holm]], aisteoir Briotanach (r. [[1931]]) * [[2020]] — [[Terry Brennan]], polaiteoir Éireannach (r. [[1942]]) == Tarluithe eile == * [[325]] - Glacadh [[An Chré]] bhunaidh ag an [[Céad Chomhairle Nicé|Chéad Chomhairle Nicé]] * [[1903]] - Gabhadh [[Benito Mussolini]], a bhí ina shóisialaí ag an am seo, i m[[Beirn]] as bheith ag moladh stailce ginearálta foréigní * [[1910]] - Ceiliúradh an chéad [[Lá na nAithreacha]] i [[Spokane, Washington]] * [[1921]] - Dhóigh [[Arm na Breataine|fórsaí Briotanacha]] [[Cnoc an Chrochaire]] * [[1953]] - Cuireadh [[Julius agus Ethel Rosenberg]] chun báis i Nua-Eabhrac * [[1961]] - D'fhógair [[Cuáit]] neamhspleáchas ón [[Ríocht Aontaithe]] * [[1975]] - Fuarthas an Tiarna Lucan, in absentia, ciontach, tar éis dhúnmharú a bhuime agus ionsaí fíochmhar ar a bhean chéile<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=http://www.beo.ie/alt-an-fhirinne-in-ait-na-leathphingine.aspx|teideal=An fhírinne in áit na leathphingine|language=ga|work=Beo!|dátarochtana=2019-06-19}}</ref> * [[1984]] - Shínigh an fear mór cispheile [[Michael Jordan]], conradh leis na [[Chicago|Chicago Bulls]] * [[2012]] - D'iarr [[Julian Assange]] tearmann san ambasáid [[Eacuadór|Eacuadórach]] i [[Londain]] == Tagairtí == {{Reflist}} [[Catagóir:Dátaí|0619]] [[Catagóir:Míonna|Meitheamh, 19]] cxxgkv1klomkw4yszhcjivvxqklftjd 0 5635 1318126 1270776 2026-06-20T19:56:45Z Conradder 34685 /* Tarluithe eile */ 1318126 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Meitheamh}} Is é an '''20 Meitheamh''' an 171ú lá den bhliain de réir fhéilire Ghréagóra nó an 172ú lá i mbliain bhisigh. Tá 194 lá fágtha sa bhliain. == Féilte == * [[An Airgintín]] - Lá na mBratach == Daoine a rugadh ar an lá seo == * [[1763]] — [[Theobald Wolfe Tone]], tírghráthóir Éireannach (b.[[1798]]) * [[1861]] — [[Frederick Gowland Hopkins]], bithcheimiceoir Sasanach (b. [[1947]]) * [[1888]] — [[Paul Galligan]], polaiteoir Éireannach (b. [[1966]]) * [[1891]] — [[John A. Costello|Seán A Mac Coisdealbha]], polaiteoir Éireannach agus 2ú Taoiseach na hÉireann (b.[[1976]]) * [[1901]] — [[Thekla June Beere|Thekla Beere]], státseirbhíseach Éireannach (b. [[1991]]) * [[1909]] — [[Errol Flynn]], aisteoir Meiriceánach (b.[[1959]]) * [[1911]] — [[Gail Patrick]], ban-aisteoir agus léiritheoir teilifíse Meiriceánach (b. [[1980]]) * [[1928]] — [[Jean-Marie Le Pen]], polaiteoir Francach (b. [[2025]]) * [[1936]] — [[Philip Lowrie]], aisteoir Briotanach (b. [[2025]]) * [[1940]] — [[John Mahoney]], aisteoir Meiriceánach (b. [[2018]]) * [[1945]] — [[Jean-Claude Izzo]], scríbhneoir Francach (b. [[2000]]) * [[1949]] — [[Lionel Richie]], Amhránaí Meiriceánach * [[1951]] — [[Paul Muldoon]], file Éireannach * [[1951]] — [[Tress MacNeille]], guthaisteoir Meiriceánach * [[1952]] — [[John Goodman]], fuirseoir agus aisteoir Meiriceánach * [[1953]] — [[Raúl Ramírez]], imreoir leadóige Meicsiceach * [[1967]] — [[Nicole Kidman]], aisteoir Astrálach * [[1971]] — [[Brandon Lewis]], polaiteoir Briotanach * [[1976]] — [[Juliano Belletti]], imreoir sacair * [[1978]] — [[Frank Lampard]], imreoir sacair agus bainisteoir * [[1990]] — [[Gary Middleton]], polaiteoir i dTuaisceart Éireann == Daoine a fuair bás ar an lá seo == * [[1231]] — [[Naomh Antaine]], bráthair Proinsiasach sa 13ú haois (r. [[1195]]) * [[1488]] — [[Séamas III, Rí na nAlbanach]] (r. [[1451]]) * [[1597]] — [[Willem Barents]], loingseoir Ollannach (r ~1550) * [[1837]] — [[Liam IV na Ríochta Aontaithe|Liam IV]], rí na Ríochta Aontaithe (r.[[1765]]) * [[1888]] — [[Johannes Zukertort]], Imreoir fichille (r. [[1842]]) * [[1924]] — [[James Nowlan]], uachtarán CLG ó 1901 go 1921 (r. [[1862]]) * [[1956]] — [[Patrick McGrath]], polaiteoir Éireannach de chuid Fianna Fáil * [[1958]] — [[Kurt Alder]], Ceimicí orgánach (r. [[1902]]) * [[1963]] — [[George C. Bennett]], polaiteoir Éireannach (r. [[1877]]) * [[1966]] — [[George Edouard Lemaître]], réalteolaí Beilgeach (r. [[1894]]) * [[1971]] — [[Thomas Powell]], polaiteoir Éireannach (r. [[1892]]) * [[2002]] — [[Tinus Osendarp]], 86, reathaí Ollannach (r.[[1916]]) * [[2005]] — [[Jack St Clair Kilby|Jack Kilby]], Innealtóir leictreach (r. [[1923]]) * [[2006]] — [[Michael Herbert]], polaiteoir agus iománaí Éireannach (r. [[1925]]) * [[2009]] — [[Neda Agha-Soltan]], ceoltóir agus iriseoir Iaránach (r. [[1983]]) * [[2024]] — [[Donald Sutherland]], aisteoir Ceanadach (r. [[1935]]) == Tarluithe eile == * [[1791]] - Rinne [[Louis XVI na Fraince|Louis XVI]] agus an teaghlach ríoga iarracht teitheadh ó [[Páras|Pháras]] i mbréagriocht * [[1837]] - Tháinig [[Victoria na Ríochta Aontaithe|Victoria]], a bhí 18 bliain d'aois, i gcomharbacht ar an [[Liam IV na Ríochta Aontaithe|Rí Liam IV]] * [[1840]] - Fuair [[Samuel Morse]] an phaitinn don [[Teileagrafaíocht|teileagraf]] * [[1863]] - D'éirigh [[Virginia Thiar]] ina stát * [[1877]] - Shuiteáil [[Alexander Graham Bell]] an chéad seirbhís [[teileafón|teileafóin]] tráchtála i [[Hamilton, Ontario]] * [[1968]] - Agóid maidir le tithíocht i g[[Cionn Aird]] i [[Contae Thír Eoghain|gContae Thír Eoghain]] * [[1976]] - Aistríodh na céadtha [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá|Meiriceánaigh]] as [[Béiriút]] chuig [[an tSiria]] tar éis dúnmharú ambasadóra sa tír sin * [[1991]] - Vótáil an pharlaimint [[Gearmánach|Ghearmánach]] gníomhaíocht parlaiminte a bhogadh ó [[Bonn (cathair)|Bhonn]] (iarphríomhchathair [[Iarthar na Gearmáine]]) go [[Beirlín]] * [[2003]] - Bunaíodh [[Fondúireacht Viciméid]] i [[St. Petersburg, Florida]] <!-- idirvicí --> [[Catagóir:Dátaí|0620]] [[Catagóir:Míonna|Meitheamh, 20]] qgewbulsezg9auda58sjgvxgnbszpy8 0 10958 1318159 1299100 2026-06-21T07:48:34Z InternetArchiveBot 47196 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1318159 wikitext text/x-wiki {{WD Bosca Sonraí Imeacht}} [[Íomhá:Club na féile ag Oireachtas na Samhna 2022.jpg|alt=Halla damhsa nua-aimseartha aibhseach taibhseach agus daoine ag damhsa faoi shoilse an stáitse|mion|An siamsa ina thús ag Club na Féile]] Féile chultúrtha is ea '''an tOireachtas'''.<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.antoireachtas.ie/|teideal=Baile {{!}} An tOireachtas|work=www.antoireachtas.ie|dátarochtana=2020-10-26}}</ref><ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://twitter.com/oirnagaeilge|teideal=An tOireachtas ar Twitter|language=ga|work=Twitter|dátarochtana=2021}}</ref> Is é an aidhm atá leis an Oireachtas ná ealaíona dúchasacha na hÉireann a chur chun cinn agus a cheiliúradh<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=06lDuWai0bQ|teideal=Oireachtas na Gaeilge ar YouTube|údar=Mairin Nic Dhonncha|dáta=|work=www.youtube.com|dátarochtana=2020-10-26}}</ref><ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=http://www.arts.ulster.ac.uk/irish_syllabus/downloads/Teacsanna_Fise/Oireachtas_na_Gaeilge-Mairin_Nic_Dhonncha.pdf|teideal=Oireachtas na Gaeilge|údar=arts.ulster.ac.uk|dáta=|dátarochtana=2020|archivedate=2020-10-30|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201030061759/http://www.arts.ulster.ac.uk/irish_syllabus/downloads/Teacsanna_Fise/Oireachtas_na_Gaeilge-Mairin_Nic_Dhonncha.pdf}}</ref> trí mheán na Gaeilge—idir amhránaíocht, ceol, rince, scéalaíocht agus drámaíocht.<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.theirishvoice.com/uncategorised/an-teanga-beo/|teideal=An Teanga Beo {{!}} The Irish Voice|údar=The Irish Voice|language=en-GB|dátarochtana=2020-10-26|archivedate=2020-10-29|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201029210331/https://www.theirishvoice.com/uncategorised/an-teanga-beo/}}</ref> Eagraíonn Oireachtas na Gaeilge raon leathan imeachtaí i rith na bliana, go háirithe Oireachtas na Samhna, ar siúl thart faoi [[Oíche Shamhna]]. Tugtar aire do gach aon ealaín thraidisiúnta ag na féilte. Tá i bhfad níos mó imeachtaí agus pléaráca eile ar siúl ag an fhéile na laethanta seo m.s. ceolchoirmeacha, drámaí, oíche ghrinn le [[GaelGÁIRÍ]], seolta albam, cláracha teilifís agus raidió á gcraoladh beo, agus Club na Féile—oíche atá go hiomlán craiceáilte. Tá an taobh sóisialta den fhéile tábhachtach fosta—ag bualadh le daoine ó gach áit in Éirinn agus thar lear.<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://nos.ie/cultur/an-gael-me-go-fiu-mura-raibh-me-ag-an-oireachtas-riamh/|teideal=An Gael mé go fiú mura raibh mé ag an Oireachtas riamh?|údar=Aodhán Ó Baoill|dáta=2023-11-08|language=ga-IE|work=NÓS|dátarochtana=2023-12-01}}</ref> == Na comórtais == [[Íomhá:Irish Dance Hard Shoes.jpg|mion|Bhí páirt lárnach ag an Oireachtas in athbheochan damhsa sean nós fosta]] Tá na comórtais lárnach don fhéile, mar a bhí siad ón am a bunaíodh é. D’fhéadfá a rá go gurbh é comórtas [[Corn Uí Riada|Chorn Uí Riada]] mar ‘Chorn an Domhain’ fá choinne amhránaíochta traidisiúnta an t[[Sean-nós (amhránaíocht)|Sean-Nóis]] agus mar buaicphointe na seachtaine. Eagraítear sraith comórtas gach bliain do scríbhneoirí óga agus do scríbhneoirí fásta, faoin teideal ''Comórtais Liteartha an Oireachtais'', chun cuidiú le litríocht chomhaimseartha a chur ar fáil do phobal na Gaeilge. Tá sé mar aidhm leo: deiseanna a chur ar fáil don ghréasán scríbhneoirí Gaeilge ar fud an domhain; litríocht agus nuascríbhneoireacht na Gaeilge a chur chun cinn; agus scríbhneoirí óga nua a mhealladh le dul i mbun pinn. Tugann Gradaim Chumarsáide an Oireachtais aitheantas do dhaoine atá ag saothrú sna meáin Ghaeilge a bhaineann ardchaighdeán amach i réimsí éagsúla oibre. Áirítear na [[Gradaim Fhoilsitheoireachta an Oireachtais|Gradaim Fhoilsitheoireachta]] mar phríomhdhuaiseanna litríochta agus foilsitheoireachta na Gaeilge.<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://booksirelandmagazine.com/gradam-reics-carlo-2021-winner-announced/|teideal=Gradam Réics Carló 2021 winner announced|dáta=2021-10-06|language=as Béarla|work=[[Books Ireland]]|dátarochtana=2026-02-22}}</ref> Ó 2006 i leith bronntar na gradaim i rith Oireachtas na Samhna.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|author=[[Pól Ó Muirí]]|title=Oireachtas Dhoire|date=8 Samhain 2006|journal=[[The Irish Times]]|pages=lch 17}}</ref> Bhí páirt lárnach ag an Oireachtas in athbheochan damhsa [[Sean-nós (amhránaíocht)|sean nós]] fosta. Anois is iad na comórtais sin—nó Steip mar a bhearr siad orthu—mar bhuaicphointe eile na féile. Cuireadh raon nua comórtas ar siúl sa bhliain 2025 agus an Oireachtas i m[[Béal Feirste]]. Ina measc bhí comórtas [[Rapcheol|rapcheoil]] do pháistí, an chéad uair dá raibh a leithéid ar siúl ag an bhféile. [[Móglaí Bap]] agus [[DJ Próvaí]] a bhí mar mholtóirí air, rud nár fógraíodh roimh ré agus a chuaigh i bhfeidhm ar na hiomaitheoirí agus ar an lucht féachana. Lena ais sin, thugadar ceolchoirm uathu i rith na féile in éineacht le [[Le Boom]].<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|author=[[Storm Eaton-Kilgallen]]|date=5 Samhain 2025|url=https://www.independent.ie/seachtain/realtai-kneecap-ina-moltoiri-don-chead-chomortas-rapcheoil/a315415990.html|title=Réaltaí Kneecap ina moltóirí don chéad chomórtas rapcheoil|journal=[[Seachtain (nuachtán)|Seachtain]]|pages=lch 9}}</ref><ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://tuairisc.ie/fisean-an-bua-tugtha-ag-kneecap-do-bhuachaill-og-as-baile-atha-cliath-sa-chead-chomortas-rap-riamh-ag-an-oireachtas/|teideal=FÍSEÁN: An bua tugtha ag Kneecap do bhuachaill óg as Baile Átha Cliath sa chéad chomórtas rap riamh ag an Oireachtas|údar=[[Darren Ó Dubhgáin]]|dáta=2025-10-31|work=[[Tuairisc.ie]]|dátarochtana=2025-11-06}}</ref><ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://meoneile.ie/sraitheanna/comortas-rapcheoil-do-dhaoine-og|teideal=Comórtas Rapcheoil do dhaoine óga|údar=[[Eilís Nic Lochlainn]] ⁊ [[Órnaith Ní Fhearghail]]|dáta=01 Samhain 2025|work=[[Meon Eile]]|dátarochtana=2025-11-06}}</ref><ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|author=[[Áine Ní Dhonnaile]]|date=28 Deireadh Fómhair 2025|url=https://www.irishtimes.com/gaeilge/sceal/2025/10/28/thall-is-abhus/|title=Thall is Abhus {{!}} Aird mhór ar na comórtais|journal=[[Scéal (nuachtán)|Scéal]]|pages=lch 2}}</ref><ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.antoireachtas.ie/oireachtas-na-samhna/imeachtai-na-feile-2025/deardaoin-2025.html|teideal=Déardaoin|work=[[Oireachtas na Gaeilge|An tOireachtas]]|dátarochtana=5 Samhain 2025}}</ref><ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.independent.ie/seachtain/moglai-bap-and-dj-provai-de-chuid-kneecap-agus-le-boom-le-casadh-ag-oireachtas-na-samhna-i-mbeal-feirste/a1309054759.html|teideal=Móglaí Bap & DJ Próvaí de chuid Kneecap agus Le Boom le casadh ag Oireachtas na Samhna i mBéal Feirste|údar=[[Storm Eaton-Kilgallen]]|dáta=2025-10-22|work=[[Seachtain (nuachtán)|Seachtain]]|dátarochtana=2025-11-06}}</ref><ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|author=[[Cóilín Duffy]]|date=24 Deireadh Fómhair 2025|url=https://anpáipéar.ie/2025/10/moglai-bap-dj-provai-agus-le-boom-le-casadh-ag-oireachtas-na-samhna/|title=Móglaí Bap, DJ Próvaí agus Le Boom le casadh ag Oireachtas na Samhna|journal=[[An Páipéar (nuachtán)|An Páipéar]]|issue=Eagrán 52}}</ref><ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://nos.ie/cultur/ta-oireachtas-na-sceallog-nollag-buailte-linn/|teideal=Tá Oireachtas na Sceallóg Nollag buailte linn|údar=[[Anna Nic Gafraidh]]|dáta=2025-10-29|work=[[NÓS]]|dátarochtana=2025-11-06}}</ref><ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|author=[[Storm Eaton-Kilgallen]]|date=29 Deireadh Fómhair 2025|url=https://www.independent.ie/seachtain/samhradh-te-gaelach-go-foill-againn-agus-le-boom-ar-staitse/a1411660338.html|title=Samhradh te Gaelach go fóill againn agus Le Boom ar stáitse|journal=[[Seachtain (nuachtán)|Seachtain]]|pages=lch 4}}</ref> Tá baint ag an Oireachtas leis an bh[[An Fhéile Náisiúnta Drámaíochta|Féile Náisiúnta Drámaíochta]] a reáchtáil ó 2025 i leith.<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.rte.ie/gaeilge/2025/0410/1506882-dramaiocht-na-gaeilge-ar-ard-chaighdeain/|teideal=Aisteoirí agus scríbhneoirí buacach ag Féile Náisiúnta Drámaíochta|dáta=10 Aibreán 2025|work=[[RTÉ]]|dátarochtana=22 Feabhra 2026}}</ref> == Stair == [[Íomhá:Portrait of Dr Douglas Hyde .PNG|mion|[[Dubhghlas de hÍde]]]] Cuireadh tús le féile aon lae i [[1897]], ceithre bliana tar éis bhunú an Chonartha sa bhliain [[1893]]. Reáchtáladh an chéad Oireachtas ar an Luan, [[17 Bealtaine]] [[1897]], agus é ar siúl i Seomra Cruinn an Rotunda i m[[Baile Átha Cliath]].<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://twitter.com/feilire/status/1320851994417004545/photo/3|teideal=Oireachtas na Gaeilge 1897|údar=Féilire|dáta=2020-10-26|language=ga|work=Twitter|dátarochtana=2020-10-26}}</ref> Is cúis iontais gur fhreastail os cionn 1,000 duine ar an bhféile leathlae sin. Cuireadh ar siúl naoi gcomórtas san fhilíocht, sa phrós, san amhránaíocht, sa scéalaíocht agus sa rannaireacht.<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=http://parnellsquare.ie/oireachtas-na-gaeilge/|teideal=Oireachtas na Gaeilge, Parnell Square Cultural Quarter|dáta=2013-11-27|language=en-US|work=PARNELL SQUARE CULTURAL QUARTER|dátarochtana=2021-04-26|archivedate=2022-09-08|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220908083620/http://parnellsquare.ie/oireachtas-na-gaeilge/}}</ref> Scríobh agus chum [[Annie W. Patterson]] an slógamhrán ‘Go mairidh ár nGaedhilg slán’ don ócáid agus chuir Dermot Foley focail leis. Chum an chéad Uachtarán [[Conradh na Gaeilge|Chonradh na Gaeilge]], [[Dubhghlas de hÍde]], dán chomh maith.<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://twitter.com/cnag/status/1254422844295057414|teideal=Is é seo an dán a chum céad Uachtarán Chonradh na Gaeilge, @ancraoibhin, don ócáid|údar=Conradh na Gaeilge|dáta=2020|language=ga|work=Twitter|dátarochtana=2021-04-26}}</ref> Tháinig meath ar an Oireachtas ag tús na [[1920idí]]. Tar éis Oireachtas na bliana 1923 ní raibh ceann eile go dtí 1939 nuair a bhí aththosú air i mBaile Átha Cliath. D'fhan sé sa phríomhchathair le linn na 1940idí, 1950idí agus 1960idí. Cuireadh brú a chur ar Chonradh na Gaeilge é a bhogadh amach as an n[[Galltacht]] agus reáchtáladh Oireachtas na nGael i [[Ros Muc]] i 1970, i d[[Tír an Fhia|Tír An Fhia]] i 1971, i g[[Corca Dhuibhne]] i 1972 agus i g[[Cill Chiaráin|Cill Chiarán]] i 1973. D'éirigh leis an bhfeachtas agus reáchtáladh Oireachtas na Gaeilge 1974 i g[[Cois Fharraige]]. Ba sa gceantar Gaeltachta seo a cuireadh tús le nós an Oireachtais bogadh ó bhaile go baile.<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://tuairisc.ie/cois-fharraige-chomh-briomhar-gaelach-ceanna-50-bliain-tar-eis-oireachtas-74/|teideal=Cois Fharraige chomh bríomhar Gaelach céanna 50 bliain tar éis Oireachtas ’74|údar=Maitiú Ó Coimín|dáta=17 Deireadh Fómhair 2024|language=ga-IE|work=Tuairisc.ie|dátarochtana=2024-10-17}}</ref> [[Íomhá:Darach Ó Scolaí.JPG|mion|[[Darach Ó Scolaí]] ag 'Oireachtas na Gaeilge 2015', agus '[[Oileán an Órchiste#Aistriúchán Gaeilge|Oileán an Órchiste]]' ina lámh aige, aistriúchán agus oiriúnú a rinne sé ar '''Treasure Island''<nowiki/>' le [[Robert Louis Stevenson]]]] === Suímh an Oireachtais === * (2026 - [[Cill Airne]]) * 2025 - [[Béal Feirste]] * 2024 - [[Cill Airne]] * 2023 - [[Cill Airne]] * 2022 - [[Cill Airne]] * 2021 - [[Cill Airne]] * 2020 - [[Gaillimh|Cathair na Gaillimhe]] * 2019 - [[Baile Átha Cliath]] * 2018 - [[Cill Airne]] * 2017 - [[Cill Airne]] * 2016 - [[Cill Airne]] * 2015 - [[Baile Átha Cliath]] * 2014 - [[Cill Airne]] * 2013 - [[Cill Airne]] * 2012 - [[Leitir Ceanainn]] * 2011 - [[Cill Airne]] * 2010 - [[Cill Airne]] * 2009 - [[Leitir Ceanainn]] [[Íomhá:Anna Heussaff.JPG|mion|Anna Heussaff ag Oireachtas na Gaeilge 2015]] * 2008 - [[Corcaigh]] * 2007 - [[Cathair na Mart]] * 2006 - [[Doire]]<ref>Bronnadh Gradam Uí Shúilleabháin 2006 ar an leabhar ''Fontenoy'' le Liam Mac Cóil ([[Leabhar Breac]] 2005) agus bronnadh Duais Leabhar Na Bliana do Dhaoine Óga 2006 ar Cló Mhaigh Eo, le linn Oireachtas na Samhna i n[[Doire|Doire Cholmcille]].</ref> * 2005 - [[Corcaigh]] * 2004 - [[Leitir Ceanainn]] * 2003 - [[Trá Lí]] * [[Íomhá:Alan Titley.JPG|mion|[[Alan Titley]] ag Oireachtas na Gaeilge 2015]]2002 - [[Gaoth Dobhair]] * 2001 - [[An Daingean]] * 2000 - [[Caisleán an Bharraigh]] * 1999 - [[Dún Garbhán]] * 1997 - [[Béal Feirste]] * 1995 - [[Baile Átha Cliath]] * 1994 - [[Dún Garbhán]] * 1993 - [[Gaillimh|Cathair na Gaillimhe]] * 1991 - [[Baile Átha Cliath]] * 1990 - [[Inis]] * 1989 - [[Gleann Cholm Cille]] * 1988 - [[Trá Lí]] * 1980 - [[Gaoth Dobhair]] * 1977 - [[Gaoth Dobhair]] * 1974 - [[Cois Fharraige]] * 1973 - [[Baile Átha Cliath]] * 1940 go 1972 - [[Baile Átha Cliath]] * 1939 - [[Baile Átha Cliath]] Ní raibh an tOireachtas ar siúl 1924 go 1938 * 1923 - [[Baile Átha Cliath]] * 1920 - [[Baile Átha Cliath]] * 1919 - [[Corcaigh]] * 1917 - [[Port Láirge]] * 1915 - [[Dún Dealgan]] * 1914 - [[Cill Airne]] * 1913 - [[Gaillimh|Cathair na Gaillimhe]] * 1912 - [[Baile Átha Cliath]] * 1911 - [[Baile Átha Cliath]] * 1910 - [[Baile Átha Cliath]] * 1909 - [[Baile Átha Cliath]] * 1908 - [[Baile Átha Cliath]] * 1907 - [[Baile Átha Cliath]] * 1906 - [[Baile Átha Cliath]] * 1905 - [[Baile Átha Cliath]] * 1904 - [[Baile Átha Cliath]] * 1903 - [[Baile Átha Cliath]] * 1902 - [[Baile Átha Cliath]] * 1901 - [[Baile Átha Cliath]] * 1900 - [[Baile Átha Cliath]] * 1899 - [[Baile Átha Cliath]] * 1898 - [[Baile Átha Cliath]] * 1897 - [[Baile Átha Cliath]] == Uachtaráin == Insealbhaítear uachtarán ar Oireachtas na Gaeilge gach bliain. * 2025 - [[Éamon Ó Cuív]] * 2024 - [[Pádraig Mac Fhearghusa]] * 2023 - [[Gearóid Denvir]] * 2022 - [[Máirín de Brún]] * 2021 - Gearóid Denvir * 2020 - Gearóid Denvir * 2019 - [[Micheál Mac Aogáin]] * 2018 - [[Máirín Uí Chonghaile]] * 2016 - [[Ray Mac Mánais]] * 2015 - Ray Mac Mánais * 2014 - [[Pádraig Ó Héalaí]] * 2013 - [[Bláthnaid Ó Brádaigh]] * 2012 - [[Micheál Mac Giolla Easbuic]] * 2010 - [[Mícheál de Mórdha|Micheál de Mórdha]] * 2007 - [[Tadhg Mac Dhonnagáin]] * 2005 - [[Seán Ó Sé]] * 2004 - [[Proinsias Ó Maonaigh]] == Naisc Sheachtracha == * [http://www.antoireachtas.ie Suíomh gréasáin an Oireachtais] * [https://pangr-comlit.herokuapp.com/ Cuir isteach ar na comórtais liteartha]{{Dead link|date=Meitheamh 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} == Féach freisin == * [[Corn Uí Riada]] * Steip Beo * Lár Stáitse * [[Gradaim Fhoilsitheoireachta an Oireachtais]] * Gradaim Chumarsáide an Oireachtais * Comórtas Agallamh Beirte * Comórtas Amhrán Saothair * Sean-Nós na mBan * [[Lúibín|Lúibíní]] * Amhrán Nuachumtha * [[An Fhéile Náisiúnta Drámaíochta]] * [[Féile na Gealaí]] == Tagairtí == {{reflist}} [[Catagóir:Oireachtas na Gaeilge| ]] [[Catagóir:Cultúr na hÉireann]] [[Catagóir:Conradh na Gaeilge]] [[Catagóir:Féilte Gaeilge|*]] [[Catagóir:Féilte ceoil]] [[Catagóir:Féilte Éireannacha|*]] [[Catagóir:Gradaim na Gaeilge|*]] [[Catagóir:Duaiseanna Liteartha na Gaeilge|*]] [[Catagóir:Gradaim Cheoil na Gaeilge|*]] [[Catagóir:Comórtais in ealaíona teangabhunaithe na Gaeilge|*]] [[Catagóir:Comórtais sna healaíona teangabhunaithe|*]] [[Catagóir:Gearrliostaí Ghradam NÓS sa rannóg Féile na Bliana]] [[Catagóir:Aipeanna Gaeilge]] [[Catagóir:Ealaíona teangabhunaithe na Gaeilge]] r1w20l6nrf5c8g88b3kpzrcjdjb584a 0 11273 1318135 1137118 2026-06-20T22:18:41Z InternetArchiveBot 47196 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1318135 wikitext text/x-wiki {{WD Bosca Sonraí Duine}} [[Íomhá:Rademon (First Kilmore) Non-subscribing Presbyterian Church - geograph.org.uk - 72821.jpg|mion|277x277px|Thóg an Eaglais Phreispitéireach seo i Ráth Deamáin sa bhliain 1787]] Áirítear '''Uilliam Mac Néill''' nó '''Liam Mac Néill''' ([[Béarla]]: '''''William Neilson''''') ar [[duine|dhuine]] de na scoláirí [[Preispitéireachas|Preispitéireacha]] ba cháiliúla i gCúige Uladh lena linn. Deirtear gur 15,000 a shiúil ina shochraid.<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.ainm.ie/Bio.aspx?ID=1133|teideal=NEILSON, William (1774–1821)|language=ga|work=ainm.ie|dátarochtana=2019-04-27}}</ref> Saolaíodh i Ráth Deamáin<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.logainm.ie/ga/66732?s=R%u00e1th+Deam%u00e1in|teideal=Ráth Deamáin/Rademan|language=ga|work=Logainm.ie|dátarochtana=2019-04-27}}</ref>, [[An Chill Mhór (Contae an Dúin)|An Chill Mhór]] i g[[Contae an Dúin]] é ar an 12ú lá de Mhí Mheán Fómhair sa bhliain [[1774]]. Fuair sé bás i m[[Béal Feirste]] ar an [[26 Aibreán]] [[1821]]. == Luathshaol == [[Íomhá:Rademon Non-Subscribing Presbyterian church - geograph.org.uk - 740050.jpg|clé|mion]] B'iad a thuismitheoirí an tOirmhinneach Moses Neilson agus Catherine Welsh. [[Preispitéireachas|Preispitéirigh]] a bhí iontu, agus Moses ag freastal ar an bpobal Preispitéireach Gaeilge a bhí san áit ag an am.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=William Neilson DD MRIA (1774-1821)|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/27729671|journal=Journal of the County Louth Archaeological and Historical Society|date=1989|issn=0070-1327|pages=20–28|volume=22|issue=1|doi=10.2307/27729671|author=Séamas Ó Saothraí}}</ref> Maidir leis an mháthair, ba de shliocht [[John Knox]] féin í. Bhí an Ghaeilge á labhairt ag uasal agus íseal, ag Gael agus Gall i gceantair Ráth Déamain san am, agus mura raibh sí le cluinstin sa bhaile ag Liam óg, is dócha gur fhoghlaim sé í ó bhunadh na háite. [[Íomhá:Two roads near Crossgar - geograph.org.uk - 1441125.jpg|mion|277x277px|bóthar i dtreo Ráth Deamáin ar dheis]] [[Íomhá:Glasgow -old- university.jpg|clé|mion|253x253px|[[Ollscoil Ghlaschú]]]] Cibé scéal é, d'iompaigh an Niallach amach ina fhoghlaimeoir maith [[Teanga (cumarsáid)|teanga]]<nowiki/>cha, agus é ag tógáil na [[Laidin]]e go sciobtha. Bhí a athair ag múineadh na dteangacha Clasaiceacha do dhaltaí na háite, ach dealraíonn sé go bhfuair Liam a chuid Laidine ó oide eile, fear arbh ainm dó Pádraig Ó Loingsigh. Chuaigh Liam Mac Néill ag déanamh staidéir ar dhiagacht agus ar theangacha in [[Ollscoil Ghlaschú]]. Ní raibh ach 15 bliain d'aois aige is cosúil. Chaith sé dhá bliain in Ollscoil Ghlaschú agus ní dheachaigh chomh fada le céim ollscoile a bhaint amach. Nuair a tháinig an Niallach ar ais abhaile, chaith sé seal ag cabhrú lena athair ag [[múinteoir]]<nowiki/>eacht,.San am céanna, lean sé leis ag déanamh obair scolártha, agus d'fhoilsigh sé leabhar gramadaí Béarla do scoileanna [[Cúige Uladh|Chúige Uladh]] a raibh an-ráchairt air. Bhí sé ag dréachtáil leabhar cleachtaidh d'fhoghlaimeoirí Sean-Ghréigise freisin. == Ministir == Ar an chéad lá is fiche de Mhí na Nollag, [[1796]], agus 22 bliain d'aois, fuair an Niallach oirniú an [[Sagart|Mhinistir]], le go bhféadfadh sé freastal ar phobal Preispitéireach [[Dún Dealgan|Dhún Dealgan]]. B'í an Ghaeilge teanga na bPreispitéireach áitiúil, agus ministir le Gaeilge de dhíth le haghaidh an phobail seo. [[Íomhá:Dundalk Presbyterian Church 2013 09 23.jpg|mion|Eaglais Phreispitéireach, Dún Dealgan, tógtha sa bhliain 1839]] Thug muintir Dhún Dealgan taithneamh don mhinistir óg, agus rinne sé féin a dhícheall le h[[oideachas]] a sholáthar dóibh. Chuir sé tús le scoil d'aos óg Dhún Dealgan, agus é féin ag múinteoireacht ansin. D'fháiltigh sé chuige daltaí ó gach creideamh, agus bhí tábhacht nár bheag lena scoil i stair oideachais na háite. Sa bhliain [[1804]], d'fhoilsigh Liam Mac Néill an leabhar ''Greek Exercises''. Ceithre bliana ina dhiaidh sin, tháinig an leabhar cáiliúil úd ''Introduction to the Irish Language'' i gcló. Sé an leabhar seo a fhágann go bhfuil cuimhne ar an Niallach inniu.<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.newsletter.co.uk/news/opinion/orangemen-in-the-past-had-no-problem-with-the-irish-language-1-7923103|teideal=Orangemen in the past had no problem with the Irish language|language=en|work=www.newsletter.co.uk|dátarochtana=2019-04-27|archivedate=2019-04-27|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190427125124/https://www.newsletter.co.uk/news/opinion/orangemen-in-the-past-had-no-problem-with-the-irish-language-1-7923103}}</ref>,<ref>‘The most important surviving authority for the Co. Down dialect of Irish’, a thug Séamus Ó Casaide air agus dúirt T.F. Ó Rathile freisin gurbh é an t-údar ba mhó é ar chanúint oirdheisceart Uladh. https://www.ainm.ie/Bio.aspx?ID=1133</ref> Cé gur fhéach an t-údar leis an gcanúint a sheachaint, d'fhág Gaeilge labhartha Chontae an Dúin an-sliocht ar an teanga a scríobh sé, agus mar sin, is é a ghráiméar Gaeilge an fhoinse eolais is flúirsí dá bhfuil againn inniu ar chaint na ndaoine i gContae an Dúin i dtús na [[19ú haois|naoú haoise déag.]] Sa bhliain [[1810]], arís, d'fhoilsigh sé téacsleabhar, nó "priméar", Gaeilge.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Léirmheasta Leabhar: Amharc ar leabhar na salm|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/20551239|journal=Comhar|date=1962|issn=0010-2369|pages=26|volume=21|issue=4|doi=10.2307/20551239|author=An tAthair Benedicht, Athair Colmcille}}</ref>[[Íomhá:Royal irish Academy seal.png|mion|[[Acadamh Ríoga na hÉireann]]]] Bhí an-urraim ag a chuid comhscoláirí dó mar shaineolaí ar an [[Clasaicigh|litríocht Chlasaiceach]]. Thabhaigh a obair mar scoláire [[Sean-Ghréigis]]<nowiki/>e an oiread clú dó is go ndearnadh ball [[Acadamh Ríoga na hÉireann|d'Acadamh Ríoga na hÉireann]] de, agus bhronn a eaglais céim an Mhodhnóra air. Sa bhliain 1818, d'éirigh an Niallach as oifig an Mhinistir i nDún Dealgan, toisc gur ceapadh é mar Ollamh leis an Litríocht Chlasaiceach in Institiúid Acadúil Bhéal Feirste. Ní raibh sé daite dó, áfach, mórán dul chun cinn a dhéanamh san obair seo, nó cailleadh é i gceann trí bliana. D’éag Liam Mac Néill um meán oíche 26-7 Aibreán 1821. Deirtear gur 15,000 a shiúil ina shochraid. Tá sé curtha i Ráth Deamain.[[Íomhá:Academical Institute, Belfast, Co. Antrim (25461208942).jpg|clé|mion|Institiúid Acadúil Bhéal Feirste (Royal Academical Institute) sa 20ú haois]] == Foinsí == * ''Presbyterians and the Irish language'' Roger Blaney (1996) Ulster Historical Foundation & Ultach Trust ISBN 0-901905-72-0 * ''An Ministir Gaelach: Uilliam Mac Néill (1774-1821)'' Ó Saothraí, S. (1992) Coiscéim, Baile Átha Cliath.<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=http://coisceim.ie/1992.html|teideal=Coiscéim 1992 Leabhair Gaeilge|work=coisceim.ie|dátarochtana=2019-04-27|archivedate=2019-09-28|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190928060142/http://www.coisceim.ie/1992.html}}</ref> *[https://www.ainm.ie/Bio.aspx?ID=1133 Ainm.ie] == Tagairtí == {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Neill, Liam Mac}} [[Catagóir:Scríbhneoirí Éireannacha]] [[Catagóir:Daoine as Contae an Dúin]] [[Catagóir:Daoine a rugadh i 1774]] [[Catagóir:Básanna i 1821]] pzazencujb9f0niukuea4n0vdf19dn4 0 22670 1318155 1226076 2026-06-21T04:23:17Z InternetArchiveBot 47196 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1318155 wikitext text/x-wiki {{WD Bosca Sonraí Duine}} Ba [[scríbhneoir]] agus [[intleachtóir]] de bhunú [[an tSeicslóvaic|na Seicslóvaice]] é '''Milan Kundera''' (a rugadh in [[Brno]] ar [[1 Aibreán]] [[1929]] agus a d'éag ar [[11 Iúil]] [[2023]] i b[[Páras]]), agus ar dhuine de mhórscríbhneoirí na [[An tSeicis|Seicise]], na [[An Fhraincis|Fraincise]] agus an domhain sa [[20ú haois]].<ref name=":0">{{Lua idirlín|url=https://tuairisc.ie/tragoid-na-heorpa-lair-aiste-a-scriobhadh-40-bliain-o-shin-ar-tabhachtai-na-riamh-i/|teideal=Tragóid na hEorpa Láir – aiste a scríobhadh 40 bliain ó shin ar tábhachtaí ná riamh í|údar=Radvan Markus|dáta=11 Bealtaine 2023|language=ga-IE|work=Tuairisc.ie|dátarochtana=2023-05-11}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Lua idirlín|url=http://coisceim.ie/1990.html|teideal=Croí na hEorpa (Coiscéim ... Na Leabhair i gcló)|údar=Milan Kundera|dáta=1990|work=coisceim.ie|dátarochtana=2023-05-11|archivedate=2023-05-18|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230518101227/http://www.coisceim.ie/1990.html}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Lua idirlín|url=https://tuairisc.ie/milan-kundera-laoch-mor-litriochta-a-chabhraigh-liom-mairtin-o-cadhain-a-thuiscint/|teideal=Milan Kundera – laoch mór litríochta a chabhraigh liom Máirtín Ó Cadhain a thuiscint|údar=Radvan Markus|dáta=18 Iúil 2023|language=ga-IE|work=Tuairisc.ie|dátarochtana=2023-07-18}}</ref> == Saol == D’fhás Kundera aníos i gcathair Brno sa t[[An tSeicslóvaic|Seicslóvaic]]. Ba cheoleolaí agus pianódóir cáiliúil athair Milan, Ludvík Kundera. Bhí suim sa cheol ag Milan chomh maith, an [[snagcheol]] go háirithe nuair a bhí sé sna déaga. Rinne sé staidéar ar litríocht agus [[fealsúnacht]] in [[Ollscoil Charles]] i b[[Prág]] ar dtús ach bhain sé céim amach in Ealaíon Scannánaíochta in 1952. Ceapadh é mar léachtóir sa litríocht sa scoil scannánaíochta. Mar fhear óg, chreid sé go láidir sa chóras Cumannach a fuair forlámhas ar an tSeicslóvaic i 1948. Sa bhliain [[1948]] agus é fós ina mhac léinn, bhain sé ballraíocht sa pháirtí [[Cumannachas|Cumannach]] amach. Ruaigeadh as an bpáirtí é don chéad uair sa bhliain 1950. Scríobh sé [[úrscéal]] faoin eachtra seo níos déanaí, ''Žert'' (''The Joke'', 1967 - féach thíos). D’aithin sé nádúr ollsmachtach an chórais sa leabhar seo. Phós sé [[Vera Hrabankova]] in 1967. Bhí Kundera páirteach in ‘[[Earrach Phrág]]’, gluaiseacht chultúrtha agus pholaitiúil sa tSeicslóvaic ag deireadh na 1960idí, gluaiseacht a bhí ar son saoirse na n-ealaíon, saoirse cainte agus athruithe eile a bhíothas ag ag iarraidh a thabhairt isteach sa chóras Cumannach a bhí i réim sa tír ag an am sin.<ref name=":0" /> Rinne an t[[An tAontas Sóivéadach|Aontas Sóivéadach]] agus á thíortha satailíte ionradh míleata ar an tSeicslóvaic i Lúnasa 1968. Ruaigeadh Kundera as an bpáirtí don dara huair sa bhliain 1970 agus cuireadh cosc ar shaothar Kundera ina thír dúchais. Ach ag an am sin, ní raibh Kundera ar aon intinn le [[Václav Havel]] (drámadóir mór le rá agus uachtarán na tíre sna 1990idí tar éis na réabhlóide). Bhí caidreamh achrannach ag Kundera leis na heasaontóirí timpeall ar [[Václav Havel]] go dtí lá a bháis.<ref name=":2" /> Sa bhliain 1975, d’fhág Kundera Prág agus d’imigh go dtí an Fhrainc ([[Rennes]] go dtí 1990 agus ansin Páras) agus lean sé air ag scríobh i [[Fraincis|bhFraincis]]. Bhí cónaí air sa [[An Fhrainc|Fhrainc]] go dtí lá a bháis, [[11 Iúil]] [[2023]] i b[[Páras]], in aois a cheithre bliana is nócha. Níor fhill Kundera rómhinic ar a thír dhúchais fiú tar éis thurnamh an Chumannachais in 1989. Agus é sa Fhrainc, thosaigh sé ag scríobh as Fraincis de réir a chéile – scríbhneoir dátheangach a bhí ann, mar sin, a bhí in ann tairbhe a bhaint as an dá dhúchas chomh maith le traidisiún liteartha na hEorpa trí chéile.<ref name=":2" /> == Ficsean == Is mar úrscéalaí a bhain Kundera cáil dhomhanda amach.<ref name=":2" /> Tá taithí an duine a thug a dhílseacht d’idé-eolaíocht tráth ina shaol – ach ar tháinig díomá orthu fúithi ina dhiaidh sin – lárnach ina chuid saothar. Tá an téama seo lárnach san úrscéal is cáiliúla dá chuid, ''Nesnesitelná lehkost bytí  ''[a aistríodh go Béarla mar, ''The Unbearable Lightness of Being'', 1984]. Rinne Philip Kaufman scannán bunaithe ar an úrscéal i 1988.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=The Unbearable Lightness of Being (film)|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_Unbearable_Lightness_of_Being_(film)&oldid=1165634602|journal=Wikipedia|date=2023-07-16|language=en}}</ref> Tháinig a chéad úrscéal, ''Žert'' (''An Jóc'') amach sa bhliain 1965, a nascann a thaithí phearsanta leis an gCumannachas agus stair na Seicslóvaice le téamaí ginearálta ar nós an ghrinn, na hidé-eolaíochta agus an díoltais. Rinne Jaromil Jireš scannán bunaithe ar an úrscéal i 1968.<ref name=":2" /> Úrscéal eile a chuaigh go mór i bhfeidhm ar an bpobal ná ''Kniha smíchu a zapomnění'' (''Leabhar an Gháire agus na Díchuimhne'', 1979) ina gcleachtann Kundera a stíl shainiúil scríbhneoireachta a cheanglaíonn plotaí neamhspleácha agus stíleanna éagsúla le chéile go healaíonta. Ba nuálaí a bhí i Kundera chomh maith le bheith ina thraidisiúnaí agus é ag treabhadh seánra an úrscéil. Fuair sé inspioráid ó úrscéalaithe móra – [[Miguel de Cervantes|Cervantes]], [[Rabelais]], Sterne, [[Diderot]] agus eile – a chuir béim ar an éagsúlacht stíle agus ábhair agus a d’fhéach leis an fhoirm liteartha a leathnú amach.<ref name=":2" />[[Íomhá:Nádraží Holešovice a okolí... 20230504 181116.jpg|clé|mion|Ruaigeadh Kundera as an bpáirtí don chéad uair sa bhliain 1950. Scríobh sé [[úrscéal]] faoin eachtra seo níos déanaí, ''Žert'' (''The Joke'', 1967).]] === Aiste liteartha === Thar aon rud eile, bhí Kundera ina mháistir ar an aiste liteartha – sleachta ar an bhfealsúnacht, ar an stair nó ar an gceol laistigh de na húrscéalta, atá ceangailte go scaoilte leis na plotaí. Chun sampla amháin a lua, tá an cur síos is fearr a scríobhadh riamh ar cheol na Moráive ar fáil ar leathanaigh ''Žert.'' In ainneoin na nuála ar fad, tá a chuid úrscéalta breá soléite i gcónaí agus tá siad in ann aird an léitheora a choinneáil.<ref name=":2" /> Sa leabhar aistí ''L’art du Roman'' (''Ealaín an Úrscéil'') a foilsíodh i bPáras i 1986, míníonn Kundera an bealach ar nasc sé an ceol leis an litríocht. Is ríshuimiúil freisin dearcadh Kundera ar [[Franz Kafka]] mar scríbhneoir a raibh bunús daingean réalaíoch taobh thiar dá shaothar (rud a thugann léargas ar leith ar scéalta Kafkacha [[Máirtín Ó Cadhain|Uí Chadhain]], ‘An Eochair’ go háirithe).<ref name=":2" /> == Fealsúnacht == San óráid a thug Kundera do Chumann Scríbhneoirí na Seicslóvaice i 1967, míníonn sé gur chosain athbheochanóirí na Seicise ceart maireachtála an náisiún de réir an chultúir i gcónaí. Ina thuairimse, braitheann bheith ann an náisiúin féin ar na luachanna cultúrtha a chruthaíonn sé – ní ar a shon féin ach ar mhaithe le cultúr níos leithne, Eorpach nó domhanda.<ref name=":0" /> Céadfhoilsíodh an aiste pholaitiúil ''An tIarthar Fuadaithe''<ref name=":3">''Un Occident kidnappé: Ou la tragédie de l’Europe centrale'' (An tIarthar Fuadaithe: Tragóid Lár na hEorpa</ref> sa Fhraincis i 1983 (as Gaeilge i 1990<ref name=":1" />), agus arís sa bhliain 2023. Breathnaíonn Kundera ar imeachtaí an [[Cogadh Fuar|chogaidh fhuair]] i gcomhthéacs stair agus chultúr lár na hEorpa. Tá tábhacht faoi leith ag baint leis an bhfocal ‘lár’ toisc go mbíonn díomá agus frustrachas ar an gcuid is mó d’áitritheoirí an réigiúin pé uair a thugtar ‘[[Oirthear na hEorpa]]’ air. Is é bunéirim na haiste gur ‘fuadaíodh’ lár na hEorpa go dtí an tOirthear nuair a tháinig formhór an cheantair faoi smacht na Rúise tar éis an dara cogadh domhanda. Áitíonn Kundera go tréan go mbaineann an limistéar leis an Iarthar go cultúrtha agus gur éagóir mhór staire a bhí san ‘fhuadach’ sin. Mórann sé tábhacht lár na hEorpa ó thaobh na smaointeoireachta, an cheoil agus na litríochta de.<ref name=":0" /> Dar leis, d’eascair an saibhreas cultúrtha neamhchoitianta seo as an éagsúlacht mhór teangacha, cultúir agus creidimh a bhí le fáil sa réigiún – b’fhoinse teannais an éagsúlacht go cinnte, ach foinse chruthaitheachta as cuimse ag an am céanna. Is í ‘an éagsúlacht is mó san áit is cúinge’ bunphrionsabal lár na hEorpa, dar le Kundera, i gcodarsnacht leis ‘an éagsúlacht is lú san áit is fairsinge’ a shamhlaíonn sé leis an Rúis.<ref name=":0" />[[Íomhá:Kundera - Můj Janáček.jpg|clé|mion|''Můj Janáček''<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Můj Janáček|url=https://cs.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=M%C5%AFj_Jan%C3%A1%C4%8Dek&oldid=18654366|journal=Wikipedie|date=2020-06-07|language=cs}}</ref>]] === Gaeilge === Tá a lán smaointe san aiste a gcuirfeadh lucht na Gaeilge suim ar leith iontu. Labhraíonn Kundera faoi thíortha lár na hEorpa mar “náisiúin bheaga” a bhí ar an taobh “mícheart” den stair go minic agus nach féidir leo a bheith cinnte riamh cé chomh fada a mhairfidh siad.<ref name=":0" /> D'fhoilsigh [[Coiscéim]] ''Croí na hEorpa'',<ref name=":3" /> arna aistriú ag Áine Ní Conghaile, sa bhliain 1990.<ref name=":1" /> == Saothar == ==== Filíocht ==== * Man: A Wide Garden (Člověk zahrada širá) (1953) * The Last May (Poslední máj) (1961) – faoi Julius Fučík * Monologues (Monology) (1965) ==== Aistí ==== * About the Disputes of Inheritance (1955) * The Art of the Novel: Vladislav Vancura's Path to the Great Epic (Umění románu: Cesta Vladislava Vančury za velkou epikou) (1960) * The Czech Deal (Český úděl) (1968) * Radicalism and Exhibitionism (Radikalismus a exhibicionismus) (1969) * The Stolen West or The Tragedy of Central Europe (Únos západu aneb *Tragédie střední Evropy) (1983) * '''''Croí na hEorpa''','' [[Coiscéim]] 1990, '''arna aistriú ag Áine Ní Conghaile'''<ref name=":1" /> * The Art of the Novel (L'art du Roman) (1986) * Testaments Betrayed (Les testaments trahis) (1992) * D'en bas tu humeras les roses (léaráidí Ernest Breleur) (1993) * The Curtain (Le Rideau) (2005) ==== Drámaí ==== * The Owner of the Keys (Majitelé klíčů) (1962) * Two Ears, Two Weddings (Dvě uši, dvě svatby) (1968) * The Blunder (Ptákovina) (1969) * Jacques and His Master (Jakub a jeho pán: Pocta Denisu Diderotovi) (1971) ==== Uscéalta ==== * The Joke (Žert) (1967) * Laughable Loves (Směšné lásky) (1969) * The Farewell Waltz (Valčík na rozloučenou) (Original translation title: The Farewell Party) (1972) * Life Is Elsewhere (Život je jinde) (1973) * The Book of Laughter and Forgetting (Kniha smíchu a zapomnění) (1978) * The Unbearable Lightness of Being (Nesnesitelná lehkost bytí) (1984) * Immortality (Nesmrtelnost) (1990) * Slowness (La Lenteur) (1993) * Identity (L'Identité) (1998) * Ignorance (L'Ignorance) (2000) == Féach freisin == * [[Earrach Phrág|An tEarrach Phrág]] * [[Oirthear na hEorpa]] * [[Václav Havel]] == Tagairtí == {{Reflist}} == Naisc sheachtracha == {{DEFAULTSORT:Kundera, Milan}} [[Catagóir:Daoine a rugadh i 1929]] [[Catagóir:Scríbhneoirí Seiceacha]] [[Catagóir:Intleachtóirí]] [[Catagóir:Básanna in 2023]] [[Catagóir:Cumannaithe]] 4wnlh3xx6gycepf1vjg3dvkk8aq0kql 0 22863 1318097 1279964 2026-06-20T13:24:56Z InternetArchiveBot 47196 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1318097 wikitext text/x-wiki {{WD Bosca Sonraí Duine}} Is file é '''Gearóid Mac Lochlainn''' a rugadh i m[[Béal Feirste]] sa bhliain [[1967|1966]]. Tá clú idirnáisiúnta ar a chuid filíochta.<ref>http://www.bbc.co.uk/irish/video_audio/player/535/gaeilge/</ref> == Saol == Níl Gaeilge ag Mac Lochlainn ón gcliabhán. D'fhoghlaim sé méid éigin Gaeilge ar an mbunscoil agus ansin thosaigh sé ag foghlaim na teanga ar Scoil Mhuire ar Bhóthar an Ghleanna in iarthar Bhéal Feirste agus é aon bhliain déag d'aois. Níos déanaí, ghlac sé post mar fhile cónaithe in [[Ollscoil Uladh]], post atá á roinnt le h[[Ollscoil na Ríona]]. Féachann sé ar an nGaeilge mar phróiseas foghlama fós.<ref>{{Lua idirlín |url=http://coislife.ie/Authors/otherauthors/gearoidmaclochlainn.htm |teideal=Cóip cartlainne |dátarochtana=2009-05-18 |archivedate=2007-11-18 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071118193945/http://www.coislife.ie/authors/otherauthors/gearoidmaclochlainn.htm }}</ref> Deir sé faoin nGaeilge: "glaonn sí ort, ní féidir a seachnadh, bíonn sí i gcónaí ar foluain os do chionn."<ref>http://www.beo.ie/index.php?page=archive_content&archive_id=979{{Dead link|date=Deireadh Fómhair 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Ba é ''Babylon Gaeilgeoir'' a chéad chnuasach filíochta. Sa réamhrá, dúirt an file iomráiteach [[Cathal Ó Searcaigh]] go raibh sé 'ag séideadh anáil bheo na n-óg isteach i seanscamhóga na Gaeilge, ag cur an fhuil a choipeadh arís ina cuislí, ag cur fonn suirí uirthi i dtearmann an dáin'. Bhuaigh ''Sruth teangacha / Stream of tongues'' Duais Michael Hartnett, Duais an Bhuitléaraigh (ón bhForas Gael-Mheiriceánach) agus Duais Eithne agus Rupert Strong.<ref>{{Lua idirlín |url=http://coislife.ie/Authors/otherauthors/gearoidmaclochlainn.htm |teideal=Cóip cartlainne |dátarochtana=2009-05-18 |archivedate=2007-11-18 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071118193945/http://www.coislife.ie/authors/otherauthors/gearoidmaclochlainn.htm }}</ref> Dar le [[Beo!|beo.ie]], "Tá rithimí an rap agus hip-hop chomh maith le jigeanna agus ríleanna le cluinstin ina chuid véarsaí. Is léiriú iad a chuid dánta ar an cheol atá taobh istigh de féin. Fear cúthail agus modhúil é Gearóid, a tógadh i gclann a cheol sular labhair siad. Nuair a amharcann tú air, is follasach go bhfuil ceol inmheánach á oibriú i gcónaí."<ref>http://www.beo.ie/index.php?page=archive_content&archive_id=979{{Dead link|date=Deireadh Fómhair 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Is é a deir [[Cló Iar-Chonnacht]] faoi, "Tá bealach faoi leith, le saothar Mhic Lochlainn. Athraíonn a chuid frithlaochra buailte a riocht agus a gcultúr agus iad ag dul ó áit go háit trí thrí bhriste, mhacarónach. Tugann siad cúl do thraidisiúin sheanbhunaithe filíochta, aistriúcháin agus seanchais na nGael, ag gluaiseacht ó fhilíocht na mbard go ''Spaghetti Westerns'', ó na ''Mississippi blues'' go hamhráin ar an sean-nós, agus ar ais arís, turas a osclaíonn amach agus a chuimsíonn an próiseas cruthaitheach féin. Déantar smidiríní de choinbhinsiúin sa saothar seo áit a léiríonn ''Criss-Cross'' idirtheanga gan smacht gan ord inar thig le rud ar bith tarlú." == Filíocht == * Sruth Teangacha/Stream of Tongues (Cló Iar-Chonnachta, 2002) * Na Scéalaithe (Coiscéim, 1999) * Babylon Gaeilgeoir (An Clochán, 1997) * Criss-Cross Mo Chara ==Féach freisin== * [[Rapcheol Gaeilge]] * [[Kneecap]] == Tagairtí == {{reflist}} == Naisc sheachtracha == * [http://coislife.ie/Authors/otherauthors/gearoidmaclochlainn.htm Mac Lochlainn ar http://coislife.ie] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071118193945/http://www.coislife.ie/authors/otherauthors/gearoidmaclochlainn.htm |date=2007-11-18 }} * [http://www.beo.ie/alt-gearoid-mac-lochlainn.aspx Alt faoi Mac Lochlainn ar www.beo.ie] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20121012083918/http://www.rte.ie/radio1/scribhneoiri/1195689.html Clár RTE Raidió 1, “Scríbhneoirí Faoi Chaibidil 2008” (ábhar pléite)] * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ma8G-1vVdKc Físeáin ag léiriú ''Teanga'' le Gearóid Mac Lochlainn ar chuntas Youtube NÓS] {{DEFAULTSORT:Lochlainn, Gearoid Mac}} [[Catagóir:Filí na hÉireann]] [[Catagóir:Filí Gaeilge]] [[Catagóir:Daoine as Béal Feirste]] [[Catagóir:Rapálaithe Éireannacha]] 8dc2dtzoglnyt1k5okxe2myzk2q030z 0 24107 1318085 1240006 2026-06-20T12:30:30Z InternetArchiveBot 47196 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1318085 wikitext text/x-wiki {{WD Bosca Sonraí Imeacht}} Tá '''Féile Sziget''' ar cheann de na féilte ceoil is mó san [[An Eoraip|Eoraip]] i láthair na huaire. Bíonn sí ar siúl go bliantúil ó cuireadh tús léi i [[1993]] agus tá fás borrach leanúnach tagtha uirthi agus ar an lucht freastail ó shin. Maireann na himeachtaí ar feadh seachtaine i mí [[Lúnasa]]. Tarlaíonn an fhéile ar Oileán Óbudai ar [[an Danóib]] i lár [[Búdaipeist|Bhúdaipeist]] na [[An Ungáir|hUngáire]]. Seo an fáth ar tugadh an t-ainm ''Sziget'' ar an bhféile, toisc gurb ionann an focal ''sziget'' agus ''oileán'' san [[Ungáiris]]. == Naisc sheachtracha == * [http://www.szigetfestival.com/ Suíomh gréasáin oifigiúil na féile agus é ar fáil i ndeich dteanga] * [http://www.szigetfest.co.uk/ Suíomh gréasáin do dhaoine ag freastal ar an bhféile ón Ríocht Aontaithe agus ó shaol an Bhéarla]{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091001101115/http://www.szigetfest.co.uk/ |date=2009-10-01 }} {{síol}} [[Catagóir:Féilte rac-cheoil]] [[Catagóir:Ceolchoirmeacha]] gum6iu2l3zo01433m3w531ibw66z1ab 0 27769 1318105 1184034 2026-06-20T15:29:50Z InternetArchiveBot 47196 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1318105 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Haskalah Colage.jpg|thumb|360px|right|'''1.''' Proto-Haskalah: [[Raphael Levi Hannover]] • [[Solomon Dubno]] • [[Tobias Cohn]] • [[Marcus Elieser Bloch]]<br/> '''2.''' Beirlín Haskalah: [[Salomon Jacob Cohen]] • [[David Friedländer]] • [[Hartwig Wessely]] • [[Moses Mendelssohn]]<br/>'''3.''' An Ostair agus ar Gailise: [[Judah Löb Mieses]] • [[Solomon Judah Loeb Rapoport]] • [[Joseph Perl]] • [[Baruch Jeitteles]]<br/> '''4.''' An Rúis: [[Avrom Ber Gotlober]] • [[Abraham Mapu]] • [[Samuel Joseph Fuenn]] • [[Isaac Baer Levinsohn]] ]] Gluaiseacht Ghiúdach Eorpach san ochtú céad déag ab ea '''Haskalah''' nó '''Haskala'''. Chuir [[Moses Mendelssohn]] (1729-86), a raibh cónaí air i m[[Beirlín]] na Gearmáine, an ghluaiseacht ar bun. Theastaigh uaidh glacadh le fealsúnacht na h[[Eagnaíocht]]a, agus fuascailt agus imeascadh na nGiúdach a chur chun cinn. == Daoine a bhain leis == * [[Moses Mendelssohn]] (1729–1786) * [[David Friedländer]] (1750–1834) * [[Isaac Euchel]] (1756–1804) * [[Israel Jacobson]] (1768–1828) * [[Julius Fürst]] (1805–1873) * [[Aaron Halle-Wolfssohn]] (1754–1835) * [[Joseph Perl]] (1773–1839) == Tagairtí == {{Reflist}} == Leabharliosta == * Valéry RASPLUS "Les judaïsmes à l'épreuve des Lumières. Les stratégies critiques de la Haskalah", dans ''ContreTemps'', n°17, septembre 2006 * Jeremy Dauber, ''Antonio's Devils: Writers of the Jewish Enlightenment and the Birth of Modern Hebrew and Yiddish Literature'' (Stanford, Stanford University Press, 2004). * Marcin Wodzinski, ''Haskalah and Hasidism in the Kingdom of Poland: A History of Conflict'' (Oxford, The Littman Library of Jewish Civilization, 2009), 350 pp. * Christoph Schulte: ''Die jüdische Aufklärung. Philosophie, Religion, Geschichte.'' C. H. Beck, München 2002, ISBN 3-406-48880-3. * Isaak Euchel: ''Vom Nutzen der Aufklärung. Schriften zur Haskala.'' Hrsg. v. Andreas Kennecke, Parerga, Berlin 2000, ISBN 978-3-930450-58-9. * Shmuel Feiner: ''Haskala – Jüdische Aufklärung. Geschichte einer kulturellen Revolution.'' Hildesheim/Zürich/New York 2007, ISBN 978-3-487-13531-1 (Übersetzung der hebräischen Ausgabe, Jerusalem 2002; Netiva – Wege deutsch-jüdischer Geschichte und Kultur. Studien des Salomon Ludwig Steinheim-Instituts 8) * Karlfried Gründer/Nathan Rotenstreich: ''Aufklärung und Haskala in jüdischer und nichtjüdischer Sicht''. Niemeyer, Tübingen 1990, ISBN 978-3-484-17514-3. * Gerhard Lauer: ''Die Rückseite der Haskala. Geschichte einer kleinen Aufklärung.'' Wallstein Verlag, Göttingen 2008, ISBN 978-3-8353-0345-4. * Uta Lohmann/Ingrid Lohmann (Hrsg.): ''„Lerne Vernunft!“ Jüdische Erziehungsprogramme zwischen Tradition und Modernisierung. Quellentexte aus der Zeit der Haskala, 1760–1811.'' Waxmann, Münster 2005, ISBN 978-3-8309-1504-1. * Josef Meisl: ''Haskalah. Geschichte der Aufklärungsbewegung unter den Juden in Russland'', neu herausgegeben von Andreas Kennecke. ISBN 978-3-942047-00-5 == Naisc == * Peter Dietrich: [http://www.erzwiss.uni-hamburg.de/personal/Lohmann/JF/Autorenbiographien.pdf ''Kurzbiographien der Autoren''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111214164752/http://www.erzwiss.uni-hamburg.de/personal/Lohmann/JF/Autorenbiographien.pdf |date=2011-12-14 }}. In: Uta Lohmann/Ingrid Lohmann (Hrsg.): ''„Lerne Vernunft!“ Jüdische Erziehungsprogramme zwischen Tradition und Modernisierung. Quellentexte aus der Zeit der Haskala, 1760–1811''. Waxmann, Münster 2005, S. 532–542 ([[PDF]]). * [http://www.dinur.org/resources/resourceCategoryDisplay.aspx?categoryid=765&rsid=478 Resources > Modern Period > Central and Western Europe (17th\18th Cent.) > Enlightenment (Haskala)]{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110523021512/http://www.dinur.org/resources/resourceCategoryDisplay.aspx?categoryid=765&rsid=478 |date=2011-05-23 }} The Jewish History Resource Center - Project of the Dinur Center for Research in Jewish History, The [[Hebrew University of Jerusalem]] * [http://www.amazon.com/Rashi-Maurice-Liber/dp/0976654652 Rashi by Maurice Liber] Discusses Rashi's influence on Moses Mendelssohn and the Haskalah. * [http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/Judaism/Haskalah.html Jewish Virtual Library on Haskalah] [[Catagóir:Giúdachas]] f24vuugxm0xt7ulcpml2bopkpv4582m 0 34196 1318099 1183982 2026-06-20T13:39:22Z InternetArchiveBot 47196 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1318099 wikitext text/x-wiki {{WD Bosca Sonraí Duine}} Bhí '''George Petrie''' ([[1 Eanáir]] [[1790]] - [[17 Eanáir]] [[1866]]) ina phéintéir, ina cheoltóir agus ina [[seandálaí|sheandálaí]]. Bhí sé ar dhuine de scoláirí móra na hÉireann.<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.ainm.ie/Bio.aspx?ID=1144|teideal=PETRIE, George (1790–1866)|language=ga|work=ainm.ie|dátarochtana=2020-01-17}}</ref> [[Íomhá:Ballynastragh hse 1826.JPG|clé|mion|Baile na Sratha, [[Loch Garman]], léaráid a rinne George Petrie sa bhliain 1826.]] == Beatha == Rugadh Petrie i m[[Baile Átha Cliath]] agus tógadh é ag 21 Sráid Mhór Shéarlais.<ref>Cowell 1996, lch 149.</ref> Ba dhual athar dó an ealaín, ó ba é mac James Petrie, portráidí agus [[péintéir]] miondealbh as Obar Deathain, é. Fuair George oiliúint ealaíontóra i scoileanna Chumann Ríoga Bhaile Átha Cliath, mar ar ghnóthaigh sé bonn airgid sa bhliain [[1805]] in aois a cheithre bliana déag. [[Íomhá:Pillar-1830.jpg|clé|mion|261x261px|[[Colún Nelson]] agus póirseáid [[Ard-Oifig an Phoist]], Sráid Sackville, léaráid a rinne George Petrie sa bhliain 1830]] Tar éis dó cuairt a thabhairt ar [[Sasana|Shasana]] le cúpla cara, cuairt nár lean an rath í, d'fhill sé ar Éirinn agus thug faoin ealaín arís, go háirithe sceitseanna le haghaidh grábhálacha i leabhair thaistil. Bhí a shaothair le fáil in ''Beauties of Ireland'' (James Norris Brewer), ''Excursions through Ireland'' (Thomas Cromwell) agus treoirleabhair a scríobh George Newenham Wright i dtaobh [[Cill Áirne|Chill Airne]], [[Cill Mhantáin|Chill Mhantáin]] agus Bhaile Átha Cliath. Tháinig suim ag Petrie in iarsmaí an tseansaoil, agus bhí sé ina bhall de choiste seandachtaí [[Acadamh Ríoga na hÉireann]]. Eisean a bhí freagrach as a lán lámhscríbhinní tábhachtacha a cheannach, ar nós cóip d'''[[Annála Ríochta Éireann]]'' ó láimh na n-údar, agus as samplaí den tseanmhiotalóireacht a fháil, ar nós Chros Chonga. Bhí tábhacht lenar scríobh sé faoi sheandálaíocht agus faoi ailtireacht na hÉireann, go háirithe ''Round Towers of Ireland'', alt a bhí le fáil ar ''The Ecclesiastical Architecture of Ireland'', leabhar dá chuid a tháinig amach sa bhliain [[1845]]. Léitear fós an cuntas a thug sé ar thuamaí na Ceathrún Móire. Chomh maith leis sin, thug sé seal ina eagarthóir ar an ''Dublin Penny Journal'' agus ar an ''Irish Penny Journal'', dhá iris ársaíochta don slua. Idir na blianta [[1833]] agus [[1843]] bhí baint aige le [[Suirbhéireacht Ordanáis na hÉireann|Suirbhéireacht Ordanáis Éireann]] mar cheann foirne na Roinne Dinnseanchais. Bhí idir [[Seán Ó Donnabháin|Sheán Ó Donnabháin]] agus [[Eoghan Ó Comhraí]], beirt scoláirí den scoth, ina mbaill den fhoireann. [[Íomhá:The Lying-in Hospital and Rotunda, Dublin, Ireland. Etching, Wellcome L0014059.jpg|clé|mion|An Rotunda, BÁC, léaráid a rinne George Petrie sa bhliain 1821]] Rinne Petrie agus Ó Comhraí mórán amhrán Gaeilge a bhailiú<ref>[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IZRmSpL48II Na Bailitheoirí Ceoil] - [[TG4]] 2009</ref>. Ó Comhraí a bhreacadh síos na focail agus Petrie a dhéanadh an ceol a chóipeáil, ag iarraidh ar an [[amhránaí]] gach mír den amhrán a athrá nó go raibh an t-iomlán scríofa. Níor éirigh sé as an ealaín, agus uiscedhathanna ba rogha leis mar mheán. Tá meas air mar phéintéir Rómánsach den scoth, agus tá cuid de na pictiúir is fearr aige le fáil i n[[Gailearaí Náisiúnta na hÉireann]]. D’éag Petrie ar 17 Eanáir 1866, in aois 76 dó, agus cuireadh é i n[[Reilig Ghlas Naíon|Glas Naíon]]. == Liosta leabhar == * The Petrie Collection of the Ancient Music of Ireland, M.H.Gill (Dublin 1855), athchló (Farnborough 1967), (Heppenheim 1969)[http://66.249.93.104/search?q=cache:ahAAFGxAq58J:www.mally.com/results.asp%3Foffset%3D-1+george+petrie+ireland&hl=en&gl=ie&ct=clnk&cd=13]{{Dead link|date=Deireadh Fómhair 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * Cooper, David (eag.), ''The Petrie Collection of the Ancient Music of Ireland'', Cork: Cork University Press, 2002. * Cowall, John. ''Dublin's Famous People and Where They Lived''. O'Brien Press Ltd 1996. * Petrie, George agus Stanford, Charles Villiers (eag.). ''The complete collection of Irish Music: Boosey & Co., London 1902-5.'' == Naisc sheachtracha == *[https://web.archive.org/web/20151220044333/http://www.ashrare.com/dublin_prints.html Priontaí] *[http://encyclopedia.jrank.org/PER_PIG/PETRIE_GEORGE_179o_1866_.html Encyclopedia Britannica] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111031225651/http://encyclopedia.jrank.org/PER_PIG/PETRIE_GEORGE_179o_1866_.html |date=2011-10-31 }} *[https://web.archive.org/web/20130531002347/http://www.libraryireland.com/articles/PetrieDUM14-84/index.php Dublin University Magazine] 1839 *[http://www.abhus.com/item.php?keyword=Petrie,%20George Acmhainn Náisiúnta Ealaíne] *[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IZRmSpL48II Insítear scéal an ealaíontóra tírdhreach George Petrie sa chlár seo], Na Bailitheoirí Ceoil, 2009, ó [[TG4]]. == Tagairtí == {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Petrie, G}} [[Catagóir:Péintéirí Éireannacha]] [[Catagóir:Seandálaithe]] [[Catagóir:Daoine a rugadh i 1790]] [[Catagóir:Básanna i 1866]] [[Catagóir:Daoine as Baile Átha Cliath]] t1zpuofciqucwr0e3c6vgrirrojmq7j 0 35318 1318083 1183917 2026-06-20T12:18:20Z TGcoa 21229 1318083 wikitext text/x-wiki {{WD Bosca Sonraí Duine}} Ba pholaiteoir [[Éireannach]] é '''Naomh Proinnsias Táilliúir'''<ref>Feictear uaireanta, ''Proinsias Táilliúr''; i mBéarla, ''Blessed Francis Taylor'' </ref><ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.gaois.ie/en/surnames/11654|teideal=Sloinne|údar=gaois.ie|dátarochtana=2026}}</ref> ([[1550]]-[[1621]]) a toghadh mar Mhéara [[Átha Cliath]] agus mar fheisire parlaiminte. Cuireadh cosc air a shuíochán a ghlacadh toisc é a bheith ina Chaitliceach. Cuireadh chun báis é i [[1621]] agus tugadh ómós dó mar mhairtíreach ó shin i leith. Thug an Pápa [[Eoin Pól II]] an teideal 'Beannaithe' dó sa bhliain [[1992]] in éineacht le hochtar mairtíreach déag Éireannacha eile. == Saol == Rugadh Proinnsias Táilliúr i Sord Cholm Cille in 1550. Ba mhangairí a chlann a bhí cónaí orthu sa cheantar ó aimsir na Normannach. Tógadh é mar Mhéara Átha Cliath i 1595. Bhí sé gníomhach mar Chaitliceach i mBaile Átha Cliath ag an am. Tógadh an Táilliúrach ina fheisire i bParlaimint na hÉireann ach níorbh fhéidir leis a shíocháin a ghlacadh toisc mar bhí sé ina Chaitliceach. Cuireadh i b[[Príosún|príosúin]] é i 1613 agus cuireadh chun báis ann ar 29 Eanáir 1621. Cuireadh é i [[reilig]] Shéipéil Naomh Audoen. Bhí sé pósta agus seisear chlainne aige. Gariníon a bhean le [[Maighréad de Bhál]], duine eile de na Mairtírigh Éireannacha a d'ainmnigh Eoin Pól II mar 'Beannaithe' in 1992. == Tagairtí == {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Táiliúr, Proinnsias}} [[Catagóir:Daoine a rugadh i 1550]] [[Catagóir:Básanna i 1621]] [[Catagóir:Ardmhéaraí Bhaile Átha Cliath]] [[Catagóir:Daoine as Baile Átha Cliath]] [[Catagóir:Fir]] [[Catagóir:Mairtírigh Éireannacha]] do3w3lbhh1gv4nf5uawzixfv8rqq7du 1318084 1318083 2026-06-20T12:29:53Z TGcoa 21229 1318084 wikitext text/x-wiki {{WD Bosca Sonraí Duine}} Ba pholaiteoir [[Éireannach]] é '''Naomh Proinsias Táilliúir'''<ref>I mBéarla, ''Blessed Francis Taylor'' </ref><ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.gaois.ie/en/surnames/11654|teideal=Sloinne|údar=gaois.ie|dátarochtana=2026}}</ref> ([[1550]]-[[1621]]) a toghadh mar Mhéara [[Átha Cliath]] agus mar fheisire parlaiminte. Cuireadh cosc air a shuíochán a ghlacadh toisc é a bheith ina Chaitliceach. Cuireadh chun báis é i [[1621]] agus tugadh ómós dó mar mhairtíreach ó shin i leith. Rinne an Pápa [[Eoin Pól II]] naomh de sa bhliain [[1992]] in éineacht le hochtar mairtíreach déag Éireannacha eile. == Saol == Rugadh Proinnsias Táilliúir i [[Sord Cholm Cille]] in 1550. Ba mhangairí a mhuintir a bhí cónaí orthu sa cheantar ó aimsir na Normannach. Tógadh é mar Mhéara Átha Cliath i 1595. Bhí sé gníomhach mar Chaitliceach i mBaile Átha Cliath ag an am. Tógadh an Táilliúrach ina fheisire i b[[Parlaimint na hÉireann]] ach níorbh fhéidir leis a shíocháin a ghlacadh toisc mar bhí sé ina Chaitliceach. Cuireadh i b[[Príosún|príosúin]] é i 1613 agus cuireadh chun báis ann ar 29 Eanáir 1621. Cuireadh é i [[reilig]] Shéipéil Naomh Audoen. Bhí sé pósta agus seisear chlainne aige. Gariníon a bhean le [[Maighréad de Bhál]], duine eile de na Mairtírigh Éireannacha a d'ainmnigh Eoin Pól II mar 'naomh' in 1992. == Féach freisin == * [[Maighréad de Bhál]] == Tagairtí == {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Táiliúr, Proinnsias}} [[Catagóir:Daoine a rugadh i 1550]] [[Catagóir:Básanna i 1621]] [[Catagóir:Ardmhéaraí Bhaile Átha Cliath]] [[Catagóir:Daoine as Baile Átha Cliath]] [[Catagóir:Fir]] [[Catagóir:Mairtírigh Éireannacha]] bqpw253lxxx0whl0d2p2bnhp782nby7 1318086 1318084 2026-06-20T12:30:46Z TGcoa 21229 Bhog TGcoa an leathanach [[Proinnsias Táiliúr]] go [[Proinsias Táilliúir (mairtír)]] 1318084 wikitext text/x-wiki {{WD Bosca Sonraí Duine}} Ba pholaiteoir [[Éireannach]] é '''Naomh Proinsias Táilliúir'''<ref>I mBéarla, ''Blessed Francis Taylor'' </ref><ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.gaois.ie/en/surnames/11654|teideal=Sloinne|údar=gaois.ie|dátarochtana=2026}}</ref> ([[1550]]-[[1621]]) a toghadh mar Mhéara [[Átha Cliath]] agus mar fheisire parlaiminte. Cuireadh cosc air a shuíochán a ghlacadh toisc é a bheith ina Chaitliceach. Cuireadh chun báis é i [[1621]] agus tugadh ómós dó mar mhairtíreach ó shin i leith. Rinne an Pápa [[Eoin Pól II]] naomh de sa bhliain [[1992]] in éineacht le hochtar mairtíreach déag Éireannacha eile. == Saol == Rugadh Proinnsias Táilliúir i [[Sord Cholm Cille]] in 1550. Ba mhangairí a mhuintir a bhí cónaí orthu sa cheantar ó aimsir na Normannach. Tógadh é mar Mhéara Átha Cliath i 1595. Bhí sé gníomhach mar Chaitliceach i mBaile Átha Cliath ag an am. Tógadh an Táilliúrach ina fheisire i b[[Parlaimint na hÉireann]] ach níorbh fhéidir leis a shíocháin a ghlacadh toisc mar bhí sé ina Chaitliceach. Cuireadh i b[[Príosún|príosúin]] é i 1613 agus cuireadh chun báis ann ar 29 Eanáir 1621. Cuireadh é i [[reilig]] Shéipéil Naomh Audoen. Bhí sé pósta agus seisear chlainne aige. Gariníon a bhean le [[Maighréad de Bhál]], duine eile de na Mairtírigh Éireannacha a d'ainmnigh Eoin Pól II mar 'naomh' in 1992. == Féach freisin == * [[Maighréad de Bhál]] == Tagairtí == {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Táiliúr, Proinnsias}} [[Catagóir:Daoine a rugadh i 1550]] [[Catagóir:Básanna i 1621]] [[Catagóir:Ardmhéaraí Bhaile Átha Cliath]] [[Catagóir:Daoine as Baile Átha Cliath]] [[Catagóir:Fir]] [[Catagóir:Mairtírigh Éireannacha]] bqpw253lxxx0whl0d2p2bnhp782nby7 1318088 1318086 2026-06-20T12:32:42Z TGcoa 21229 Bhog TGcoa an leathanach [[Proinsias Táilliúir (mairtír)]] go [[Proinsias Táilliúir (mairtíreach)]] 1318084 wikitext text/x-wiki {{WD Bosca Sonraí Duine}} Ba pholaiteoir [[Éireannach]] é '''Naomh Proinsias Táilliúir'''<ref>I mBéarla, ''Blessed Francis Taylor'' </ref><ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.gaois.ie/en/surnames/11654|teideal=Sloinne|údar=gaois.ie|dátarochtana=2026}}</ref> ([[1550]]-[[1621]]) a toghadh mar Mhéara [[Átha Cliath]] agus mar fheisire parlaiminte. Cuireadh cosc air a shuíochán a ghlacadh toisc é a bheith ina Chaitliceach. Cuireadh chun báis é i [[1621]] agus tugadh ómós dó mar mhairtíreach ó shin i leith. Rinne an Pápa [[Eoin Pól II]] naomh de sa bhliain [[1992]] in éineacht le hochtar mairtíreach déag Éireannacha eile. == Saol == Rugadh Proinnsias Táilliúir i [[Sord Cholm Cille]] in 1550. Ba mhangairí a mhuintir a bhí cónaí orthu sa cheantar ó aimsir na Normannach. Tógadh é mar Mhéara Átha Cliath i 1595. Bhí sé gníomhach mar Chaitliceach i mBaile Átha Cliath ag an am. Tógadh an Táilliúrach ina fheisire i b[[Parlaimint na hÉireann]] ach níorbh fhéidir leis a shíocháin a ghlacadh toisc mar bhí sé ina Chaitliceach. Cuireadh i b[[Príosún|príosúin]] é i 1613 agus cuireadh chun báis ann ar 29 Eanáir 1621. Cuireadh é i [[reilig]] Shéipéil Naomh Audoen. Bhí sé pósta agus seisear chlainne aige. Gariníon a bhean le [[Maighréad de Bhál]], duine eile de na Mairtírigh Éireannacha a d'ainmnigh Eoin Pól II mar 'naomh' in 1992. == Féach freisin == * [[Maighréad de Bhál]] == Tagairtí == {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Táiliúr, Proinnsias}} [[Catagóir:Daoine a rugadh i 1550]] [[Catagóir:Básanna i 1621]] [[Catagóir:Ardmhéaraí Bhaile Átha Cliath]] [[Catagóir:Daoine as Baile Átha Cliath]] [[Catagóir:Fir]] [[Catagóir:Mairtírigh Éireannacha]] bqpw253lxxx0whl0d2p2bnhp782nby7 1318090 1318088 2026-06-20T12:34:14Z TGcoa 21229 1318090 wikitext text/x-wiki {{WD Bosca Sonraí Duine}} Ba pholaiteoir [[Éireannach]] é '''Naomh Proinsias Táilliúir'''<ref>I mBéarla, ''Blessed Francis Taylor'' </ref><ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.gaois.ie/en/surnames/11654|teideal=Sloinne|údar=gaois.ie|dátarochtana=2026}}</ref> ([[1550]]-[[1621]]) a toghadh mar Mhéara [[Átha Cliath]] agus mar fheisire parlaiminte. Cuireadh cosc air a shuíochán a ghlacadh toisc é a bheith ina Chaitliceach. Cuireadh chun báis é i [[1621]] agus tugadh ómós dó mar mhairtíreach ó shin i leith. Rinne an Pápa [[Eoin Pól II]] naomh de sa bhliain [[1992]] in éineacht le hochtar mairtíreach déag Éireannacha eile. == Saol == Rugadh Proinnsias Táilliúir i [[Sord Cholm Cille]] in 1550. Ba mhangairí a mhuintir a bhí cónaí orthu sa cheantar ó aimsir na Normannach. Tógadh é mar Mhéara Átha Cliath i 1595. Bhí sé gníomhach mar Chaitliceach i mBaile Átha Cliath ag an am. Tógadh an Táilliúrach ina fheisire i b[[Parlaimint na hÉireann]] ach níorbh fhéidir leis a shíocháin a ghlacadh toisc mar bhí sé ina Chaitliceach. Cuireadh i b[[Príosún|príosúin]] é i 1613 agus cuireadh chun báis ann ar 29 Eanáir 1621. Cuireadh é i [[reilig]] Shéipéil Naomh Audoen. [[Íomhá:Dublin Martyrs at side of St. Mary's Pro-Cathedral.jpg|clé|mion|220x220px|Dealbh, Proinsias Táilliúr agus Maighréad de Bhál, Ard-Eaglais Mhuire, Baile Átha Cliath]] Bhí sé pósta agus seisear chlainne aige. Gariníon a bhean le [[Maighréad de Bhál]], duine eile de na Mairtírigh Éireannacha a d'ainmnigh Eoin Pól II mar 'naomh' in 1992. == Féach freisin == * [[Maighréad de Bhál]] == Tagairtí == {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Táiliúr, Proinnsias}} [[Catagóir:Daoine a rugadh i 1550]] [[Catagóir:Básanna i 1621]] [[Catagóir:Ardmhéaraí Bhaile Átha Cliath]] [[Catagóir:Daoine as Baile Átha Cliath]] [[Catagóir:Fir]] [[Catagóir:Mairtírigh Éireannacha]] 0wfu0n623z01oow99lyen73mnjcmte9 1318091 1318090 2026-06-20T12:34:53Z TGcoa 21229 1318091 wikitext text/x-wiki {{WD Bosca Sonraí Duine}} Ba pholaiteoir [[Éireannach]] é '''Naomh Proinsias Táilliúir'''<ref>I mBéarla, ''Blessed Francis Taylor'' </ref><ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.gaois.ie/en/surnames/11654|teideal=Sloinne|údar=gaois.ie|dátarochtana=2026}}</ref> ([[1550]]-[[1621]]) a toghadh mar Mhéara [[Átha Cliath]] agus mar fheisire parlaiminte. Cuireadh cosc air a shuíochán a ghlacadh toisc é a bheith ina Chaitliceach. Cuireadh chun báis é i [[1621]] agus tugadh ómós dó mar mhairtíreach ó shin i leith. Rinne an Pápa [[Eoin Pól II]] naomh de sa bhliain [[1992]] in éineacht le hochtar mairtíreach déag Éireannacha eile. == Saol == Rugadh Proinnsias Táilliúir i [[Sord Cholm Cille]] in 1550. Ba mhangairí a mhuintir a bhí cónaí orthu sa cheantar ó aimsir na Normannach. Tógadh é mar Mhéara Átha Cliath i 1595. Bhí sé gníomhach mar Chaitliceach i mBaile Átha Cliath ag an am. Tógadh an Táilliúrach ina fheisire i b[[Parlaimint na hÉireann]] ach níorbh fhéidir leis a shíocháin a ghlacadh toisc mar bhí sé ina Chaitliceach. Cuireadh i b[[Príosún|príosúin]] é i 1613 agus cuireadh chun báis ann ar 29 Eanáir 1621. Cuireadh é i [[reilig]] Shéipéil Naomh Audoen. [[Íomhá:Dublin Martyrs at side of St. Mary's Pro-Cathedral.jpg|clé|mion|220x220px|Dealbh, Proinsias Táilliúir agus [[Maighréad de Bhál]], [[Ard-Eaglais Mhuire, Baile Átha Cliath|Ard-Eaglais Mhuire]], Baile Átha Cliath]] Bhí sé pósta agus seisear chlainne aige. Gariníon a bhean le [[Maighréad de Bhál]], duine eile de na Mairtírigh Éireannacha a d'ainmnigh Eoin Pól II mar 'naomh' in 1992. == Féach freisin == * [[Maighréad de Bhál]] == Tagairtí == {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Táiliúr, Proinnsias}} [[Catagóir:Daoine a rugadh i 1550]] [[Catagóir:Básanna i 1621]] [[Catagóir:Ardmhéaraí Bhaile Átha Cliath]] [[Catagóir:Daoine as Baile Átha Cliath]] [[Catagóir:Fir]] [[Catagóir:Mairtírigh Éireannacha]] 2eslj05omq6ooo3szj1uh2ryvvynfa4 0 35334 1318092 1183920 2026-06-20T12:35:29Z TGcoa 21229 1318092 wikitext text/x-wiki {{WD Bosca Sonraí Duine}} [[Mairtíreach]] [[Éireannach]] ab ea '''Maighréad de Bhál''' (nó '''Margaret Ball'''). Thug an Pápa [[Eoin Pól II]] an teideal 'Beannaithe' di sa bhliain [[1992|1992]], in éineacht le hochtar mairtíreach déag Éireannacha eile. In aimsir an [[Reifirméisean|Reifirméisin]], chuir de Bhál [[scoil]] ar bun. Thug sí cúnamh do [[Sagart|shagairt]] Chaitliceacha a bhí faoi cheilt ó na húdaráis.[[Íomhá:Margaret Ball.jpg|clé|mion|ó Pharóiste Whitehall<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://nominis.cef.fr/contenus/saint/12615/Bienheureuse-Margaret-Ball.html|teideal=Bienheureuse Margaret Ball|work=nominis.cef.fr|dátarochtana=2020-06-20}}</ref>|339x339px]] [[Íomhá:Dublin Martyrs at side of St. Mary's Pro-Cathedral.jpg|clé|mion|220x220px|Dealbh, [[Proinsias Táilliúir]] agus Maighréad de Bhál, [[Ard-Eaglais Mhuire, Baile Átha Cliath|Ard-Eaglais Mhuire]], Baile Átha Cliath]] == Saol == Rugadh Maighréad Nic Fheorais (nó Margaret Bermingham) i g[[Contae na Mí]] sa bhliain [[1515]], de bhunús Sasanach. Phós sí Parthalán de Bhál (nó Bartholomew Ball), bardasach ag an am agus bhí airgead ag a dhream. Toghadh Parthalán i 1553 mar Mhéara [[Baile Átha Cliath|Átha Cliath]], le Maighréad bean an Ardmhéara. Rugadh deichniúr clainne di. Toghadh an mac ba shine aici, Walter, mar Mhéara Átha Cliath i 1580 go 1581. D'iompaigh Walter ina Phrotastúnach ach d'fhan Maighréad mar Chaitliceach. D'éirigh eatarthu mar gheall ar an reiligiún mar sin. Bhí an [[Eilís I Shasana|banríon]], [[Eilís I Shasana]], ag tacú go hiomlán le Walter. Chaith Walter a mháthair féin i b[[príosún]], i g[[Caisleán Bhaile Átha Cliath]] sa bhliain 1580. Toghadh mac eile, Nicholas, mar Mhéara Átha Cliath i 1582. [[Eaglais Chaitliceach Rómhánach|Caitliceach]] ba ea é ach d'fhan Walter níos cumhachtaí agus d'fhan Maighréad faoi ghlas i ndoinsiún. Bhásaigh Maighréad sa [[Caisleán Bhaile Átha Cliath|Chaisleán]] sa bhliain [[1584]], in aois 69 di. Bhí a gariníon pósta le Proinsias Táilliúir ''',''' duine eile de na Mairtírigh Éireannacha a d'ainmnigh Eoin Pól II mar 'naomh' in 1992. == Féach freisin == * [[Proinsias Táilliúir (mairtíreach)]] == Tagairtí == {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Bhál, Maighréad de}} [[Catagóir:Daoine a rugadh i 1515]] [[Catagóir:Básanna i 1584]] [[Catagóir:Daoine as Contae na Mí]] [[Catagóir:Eaglais Chaitliceach Rómhánach]] [[Catagóir:Mairtírigh Éireannacha]] [[Catagóir:Mná Éireannacha]] bd0shmnz5tfm4duqwckt126z5wjn0ky 0 36745 1318107 1015894 2026-06-20T17:45:02Z ~2026-35901-24 75211 /* */ 1318107 wikitext text/x-wiki {{WD Bosca Geografaíocht Pholaitiúil}} Is [[Contaetha Shasana|contae]] i [[Sasana]] é '''Mórcheantar Londan''' atá suite in oirdheisceart na tíre. == Féach freisin == * [[Londain]] * [[An Cuarbhóthar Thuaidh, Londain (A406)]] {{Síol-tír-en}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Londain Mhór}} [[Catagóir:Contaetha i Sasana]] [[Catagóir:Sasana]] [[Catagóir:Londain Mhór]] dhyg457xexaqz7t8cewfp9ton8986wo 0 43021 1318082 1257823 2026-06-20T12:05:17Z InternetArchiveBot 47196 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1318082 wikitext text/x-wiki {{WD Bosca Sonraí Duine}} [[Eacnamaí]] agus [[fealsamh]] ab ea '''Friedrich August Hayek''' ([[8 Bealtaine]] [[1899]] - [[23 Márta]] [[1992]]), a rugadh san [[An Ostair-Ungáir|Ostair-Ungáir]] mar '''Friedrich August von Hayek''' agus is minic a dtugtar F.A. Hayek air. B'Ostarach é, ach ina dhiaidh sin d'iompaigh sé ina Bhriotanach, agus is fearr aithne air mar chosantóir an liobrálachais clasaicigh. Sa bhliain 1974, bhain sé (agus Gunnar Myrdal), Duais Nobel san Eolaíocht Gheilleagrach amach, mar gheall ar a "''obair cheannródaíoch i dteoiric an airgid agus luaineachtaí eacnamaíocha agus ... anailís threáiteach ar idirspleáchas na feiniméin eacnamaíocha, sóisialta agus institiúide''". Bhí Hayek ina eacnamaí mór le rá agus ina smaointeoir polaitiúil de chuid an [[20ú haois|fichiú haois]]. Meastar cuntas Hayek, ar an gcaoi a gcuireann athrú i bpraghasanna faisnéis in iúl, a chuireann ar chumas daoine aonair a gcuid pleananna a chomhordú, mar éacht tábhachtach san eacnamaíocht. Chuir sé chomh maith leis na réimsí a bhaineann le smaointeoireacht córais, dlí-eolaíocht, néareolaíocht agus stair na smaointe. == Leabharliosta == * Birner, Jack (2001). "The mind-body problem and social evolution," CEEL Working Paper 1-02. * Birner, Jack, and Rudy van Zijp, eds. (1994). ''Hayek: Co-ordination and Evolution: His legacy in philosophy, politics, economics and the history of ideas'' *[[Íomhá:Friedrich August von Hayek 1981.jpg|clé|mion|LSE, 27 Eanáir 1981]]Birner, Jack (2009). "From group selection to ecological niches. Popper's rethinking of evolutionary theory in the light of Hayek's theory of culture", in S. Parusnikova & R.S. Cohen eds. (Spring 2009). "Rethinking Popper", ''Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science''. Vol. 272, * Boettke, Peter J. (Winter 1995). "Hayek's the Road to Serfdom Revisited: Government Failure in the Argument against Socialism", ''Eastern Economic Journal'' Vol. 21, No. 1, pp.&nbsp;7–26 [http://www.jstor.org/stable/40325611 in JSTOR] * Brittan, Samuel (2006). "Hayek, Friedrich August (1899–1992)", ''Oxford Dictionary of National Biography'', [http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/51095 online] * Caldwell, Bruce (2005). ''Hayek's Challenge: An Intellectual Biography of F.A. Hayek''. * Caldwell, Bruce (December 1997). "Hayek and Socialism", ''Journal of Economic Literature'' Vol. 35, No. 4, pp.&nbsp;1856–1890 [http://www.jstor.org/stable/2729881 in JSTOR] * Cohen, Avi J. (2003). "The Hayek/Knight Capital Controversy: the Irrelevance of Roundaboutness, or Purging Processes in Time?" ''History of Political Economy'' 35(3): 469–490. ISSN: 0018-2702 Fulltext: online in Project Muse, Swetswise and Ebsco * Doherty, Brian (2007). ''Radicals for Capitalism: A Freewheeling History of the Modern American Libertarian Movement'' * Douma, Sytse and Hein Schreuder, (2013). "Economic Approaches to Organizations". 5th edition. London: Pearson [1] ISBN 0-273-73529-2 • ISBN 978-0-273-73529-8 * Ebeling, Richard M. (March 2004). [http://www.thefreemanonline.org/from-the-president/f-a-hayek-and-the-road-to-serfdom-a-sixtieth-anniversary-appreciation/ "F. A. Hayek and ''The Road to Serfdom'': A Sixtieth Anniversary Appreciation"]{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110114212523/http://www.thefreemanonline.org/from-the-president/f-a-hayek-and-the-road-to-serfdom-a-sixtieth-anniversary-appreciation/ |date=2011-01-14 }} (''The Freeman'', * Ebeling, Richard M. (March 2001). [http://mises.org/daily/638/FA-Hayek-A-Biography "F. A. Hayek: A Biography"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131112165122/http://mises.org/daily/638/FA-Hayek-A-Biography |date=2013-11-12 }} Ludwig von Mises Institute * Ebeling, Richard M. (May 1999).[http://www.thefreemanonline.org/featured/friedrich-a-hayek-a-centenary-appreciation/ "Friedrich A. Hayek: A Centenary Appreciation"]{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120403111853/http://www.thefreemanonline.org/featured/friedrich-a-hayek-a-centenary-appreciation/ |date=2012-04-03 }} ''The Freeman'' * Ebenstein, Alan O. (2001). '' Friedrich Hayek: A Biography''. * Feldman, Jean-Philippe. (December 1999) [http://dx.doi.org/10.2202/1145-6396.1172 "Hayek's Critique Of The Universal Declaration Of Human Rights". ''Journal des Économistes et des Études Humaines'', Volume 9, Issue 4 : 1145–6396.] * Frowen, S. ed. (1997). ''Hayek: economist and social philosopher'' * Gamble, Andrew (1996). ''The Iron Cage of Liberty'', an analysis of Hayek's ideas * Goldsworthy, J. D. (1986). [http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/journals/SydLawRw/1986/3.html "Hayek's Political and Legal Philosophy: An Introduction"] [1986] SydLawRw 3; 11(1) ''Sydney Law Review'' 44 * Gray, John (1998). ''Hayek on Liberty''. * Hacohen, Malach (2000). ''Karl Popper: The Formative Years, 1902–1945''. * Horwitz, Steven (2005). "Friedrich Hayek, Austrian Economist". ''Journal of the History of Economic Thought'' 27(1): 71–85. ISSN: 1042-7716 Fulltext: in Swetswise, Ingenta and Ebsco * Hayek, Friedrich August (1948). ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=q1jn5nE3tsYC Individualism and economic order]''. University of Chicago Press, ISBN 978-0-226-32093-9. * Issing, O. (1999). ''Hayek, currency competition and European monetary union'' * Jones, Daniel Stedman. (2012) ''Masters of the Universe: Hayek, Friedman, and the Birth of Neoliberal Politics'' (Princeton University Press; 424 pages) * Kasper, Sherryl (2002). ''The Revival of Laissez-Faire in American Macroeconomic Theory: A Case Study of Its Pioneers''. Chpt. 4. * Kley, Roland (1994). ''Hayek's Social and Political Thought''. Oxford Univ. Press. * Muller, Jerry Z. (2002). ''The Mind and the Market: Capitalism in Western Thought''. Anchor Books. * Pavlík, Ján (2004). [http://nb.vse.cz/kfil/pavlik.htm nb.vse.cz] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120216064316/http://nb.vse.cz/kfil/pavlik.htm |date=2012-02-16 }}. ''F. A. von Hayek and The Theory of Spontaneous Order.'' Professional Publishing 2004, Prague, [http://www.profespubl.cz/index_soubory/hayek.htm profespubl.cz]. * Plant, Raymond (2009). ''The Neo-liberal State'' Oxford University Press, 312 pages * Rosenof, Theodore (1974). "Freedom, Planning, and Totalitarianism: The Reception of F. A. Hayek's Road to Serfdom", ''Canadian Review of American Studies'' * [[Paul Samuelson|Samuelson, Paul A.]] (2009). "A Few Remembrances of Friedrich von Hayek (1899–1992)", ''Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization'', 69(1), pp.&nbsp;1–4. Reprinted at J. Bradford DeLong [http://delong.typepad.com/egregious_moderation/2009/01/paul-samuelson-2009-a-few-remembrances-of-friedrich-von-hayek-18991992.html <eblog.] * Samuelson, Richard A. (1999). "Reaction to the Road to Serfdom." ''Modern Age'' 41(4): 309–317. ISSN: 0026-7457 Fulltext: in Ebsco * Schreuder, Hein (1993). "Coase, Hayek and Hierarchy", In: S. Lindenberg & [[Hein Schreuder]], eds., Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Organization Studies, Oxford: Pergamon Press * Shearmur, Jeremy (1996). ''Hayek and after: Hayekian Liberalism as a Research Programme''. Routledge. * Tebble, Adam James (2009). "Hayek and social justice: a critique", ''Critical Review of International Social and Political Philosophy'', 12 (4):581–604. * Tebble, Adam James (2010). ''Hayek'', Continuum. * Touchie, John (2005). ''Hayek and Human Rights: Foundations for a Minimalist Approach to Law''. Edward Elgar. * Vanberg, V. (2001). "Hayek, Friedrich A von (1899–1992)," ''[[International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences]]'', pp.&nbsp;6482–6486. [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B7MRM-4MT09VJ-12W&_rdoc=50&_hierId=151000072&_refWorkId=21&_explode=151000072&_fmt=summary&_orig=na&_docanchor=&_idxType=SC&view=c&_ct=148&_acct=C000050221&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=10&md5=694b75be2c8c99e03874335b254ddae9 sciencedirect.com] * Vernon, Richard (1976). "The 'Great Society' and the 'Open Society': Liberalism in Hayek and Popper." ''Canadian Journal of Political Science'' 9(2): 261–276. Issn: 0008-4239 Fulltext: in Jstor * [[Nicholas Wapshott|Wapshott, Nicholas]] (2011). ''Keynes Hayek: The Clash That Defined Modern Economics'', (W.W. Norton & Company) 382 pages ISBN 978-0-393-07748-3; covers the debate with Keynes in letters, articles, conversation, and by the two economists' disciples. * Weimer, W., and Palermo, D., eds. (1982). ''Cognition and the Symbolic Processes''. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. Contains Hayek's essay, "''The Sensory Order'' after 25 Years" with "Discussion." * Wolin, R. (2004). ''The Seduction of Unreason: The Intellectual Romance with Fascism from Nietzsche to Postmodernism.'' [[Princeton University Press]], Princeton. {{DEFAULTSORT:Hayek, F}} [[Catagóir:Daoine a rugadh i 1899]] [[Catagóir:Básanna i 1992]] [[Catagóir:Scríbhneoirí Ostaracha]] [[Catagóir:Fealsúna]] [[Catagóir:Lucht acadúil an London School of Economics]] [[Catagóir:Eacnamaithe]] [[Catagóir:Fealsúna Ostaracha]] [[Catagóir:Uaisle na Boihéime]] [[Catagóir:Eacnamaithe Scoil na hOstaire]] [[Catagóir:Ostaraigh liobraíocha]] [[Catagóir:Ostaraigh frith-cumannaithe]] 0aozi88jgggnzhw5rnrprgdi6dde968 0 47881 1318161 1161568 2026-06-21T08:09:02Z Marcas.oduinn 33120 /* */ Féach freisin 1318161 wikitext text/x-wiki {{WD Bosca Geografaíocht Pholaitiúil}} Is ceantar suite i g[[Contae na Mí]] é '''Tailtin'''.<ref name="Logainm">{{Cite web-en|url=https://www.logainm.ie/ga/1166794|title=Tailtin/Teltown {{!}} logainm.ie|publisher=[[An Coimisiún Logainmneacha]]|access-date=2023-06-22|language=ga|work=[[Logainm.ie|Bunachar Logainmneacha na hÉireann]] (Logainm.ie)}}</ref> == Féach freisin== * [[Tailte]] * [[Aonach Thailteann]] == Tagairtí == {{Reflist}} {{Síol-tír-ie}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Tailtin}} [[Catagóir:Bailte i gContae na Mí]] jnt2myr0aozt59cdozzdgfm1mkr786z 0 48844 1318100 1150558 2026-06-20T14:33:05Z InternetArchiveBot 47196 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1318100 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Íomhá:Irish potato famine Bridget O'Donnel.jpg|200px|mionsamhail|deas|[[Gorta Mór na hÉireann]]]] Tréimhse ghanntanas [[bia]] is ea '''gorta''', ina dtarlaíonn [[míchothú]] forleathan, ocras dian, agus [[bás]] dá bharr. == Cúiseanna == Ní bhíonn aon chúis amháin leis, ach cuireann cúiseanna nádúrtha leis, cosúil le teip an bhairr i ndiaidh báistí nó triomaigh, chomh maith le cúinsí [[Polaitíocht|polaitiúla]] nó [[Eacnamaíocht|eacnamaíochta]], nó [[cogadh]].<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.irishtimes.com/culture/books/food-rioting-an-overlooked-irish-tradition-1.3306786|teideal=Food rioting, an overlooked Irish tradition|údar=James Kelly|language=en|work=The Irish Times|dátarochtana=2020-11-14}}</ref> [[Íomhá:A food riot in Dungarvan, Co. Waterford, Ireland, during the famine - The Pictorial Times (1846) - BL.jpg|clé|mion|círéib i n[[Dún Garbhán|Dún Garbháin]] i g[[contae Phort Láirge]], The Pictorial Times, 10 Deireadh Fómhair 1846<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/17195930/1846-oct-food-riots-dungarvan-etc/|teideal=1846 Oct Food Riots Dungarvan, etc.|dáta=1846-10-04|work=The Observer|pages=2|dátarochtana=2020-11-14}}</ref><ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://waterford-news.ie/2020/05/05/new-series-food-and-famine-in-dungarvan/|teideal=Series: Food and famine in Dungarvan|údar=|dáta=2020-05-05|language=en-GB|work=Waterford News and Star|dátarochtana=2020-11-14|archivedate=2020-11-20|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201120201421/https://waterford-news.ie/2020/05/05/new-series-food-and-famine-in-dungarvan/}}</ref>]] Tarlaíonn sé fiú nuair nach mbíonn ganntanas bia ann ach nach mbíonn an bia ar fáil ag cuid den phobal. Mar seo a bhí an gorta i gcúige Welo san [[Aetóip]] i [[1972]]-1974: bhí bia sna margaí, ach ar phraghas a bhí ró-ard do mhuintir an cheantair.<ref name="FreamhanEolais">{{Cite encyclopedia|last=Hussey|first=Matt|author-link=Matthew Hussey|title=Gorta|encyclopedia=[[Fréamh an Eolais]]|language=ga|date=2011|publisher=[[Coiscéim]]|page=328}}</ref> == Tagairtí == {{reflist}} {{Fréamh an Eolais}} {{síol}} [[Catagóir:Gortaí| ]] [[Catagóir:Daonra]] [[Catagóir:Bochtaineacht]] kkwmpv36csffgmog53km227fpxt0mzi 0 66253 1318165 1247441 2026-06-21T09:47:56Z InternetArchiveBot 47196 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1318165 wikitext text/x-wiki {{WD Bosca Sonraí Duine}} {{glanadh-mar|droch-Ghaeilge... le scriosadh is dócha}} Is fealsamh [[An Fhrainc|Francach]] é '''Pierre Lévy''' a rugadh i [[Túinis|Tunis]] sa bhliain [[1956]], teoiricí cultúrtha agus meáin scoláire atá ina shaineolaí ar na himpleachtaí cultúrtha agus cognaíocha teicneolaíochtaí digiteacha agus feiniméan na hintleachta comhchoiteann daonna. Thug sé isteach an coincheap faisnéis comhchoiteann ina leabhar 1994, ''L'intelligence collective: Pour une anthropologie du cyberspace'' (''Faisnéise Comhchoiteanna: An cine daonna ar teacht chun cinn sa domhain Cyberspace.'').<ref>L'intelligence collective. </ref> Sa bhliain1995, Leabhar an Lévy, ''Qu'est-ce que le virtuel?'' (aistriú mar, A bheith Fíorúil: Réaltacht san Aois Dhigiteach) a fhorbraíonn tuiscint maith an fhealsamh Gilles Deleuze ar "an fíorúil" mar ghné na réaltachta go marthain leis an iarbhír ach atá dolaghdaithe dó. Sa bhliain 2001, scríobh sé an leabhar Cyberculture. Faoi láthair múineann Pierre Lévy ag an roinn cumarsáide de chuid Ollscoil Ottawa (Ceanada),<ref>{{Teimpléad:Lua idirlín|url=http://www.ieml.org/spip.php?article13|teideal=ieml|publisher=ieml|date=|accessdate=2015-08-25}}</ref> áit a bhfuil sé ina Chathaoirleach an Taighde, Canada maidir le Faisnéise Comhchoiteanna. Is Comhalta é Lévy i gCumann Ríoga Cheanada agus fuair sé roinnt duaiseanna agus gradaim acadúla. == Saol agus obair == Tá Pierre Lévy ar cheann de na fealsúnaí ag obair ar na himpleachtaí a bhaineann le [[cibearspás]] agus cumarsáid dhigiteach. Scríobh Lévy dosaen leabhar atá aistrithe i níos mó ná 12 teanga agus déantar staidéar orthu in ollscoileanna go leor ar fud an domhain. Is sé a chuid oibre príomhoide, dar teideal “Faisnéise Comhchoiteanna: An Cine Daonna ar teacht chun cinn i saol Dhomhanda an Cyberspace”, a foilsíodh i bhFraincis sa bhliain 1994 agus atá aistrithe go Béarla.<ref>''Collective Intelligence: Mankind's Emerging World in Cyberspace'' [[:en:Special:BookSources/0738202614|ISBN 0-7382-0261-4]] Perseus, 1999.</ref> Sa bhliain 1990 d'fhoilsigh Lévy leabhar faoi chumasc líonraí digiteacha agus cumarsáide hipirtéacsúla. Ba é Teoiric Lévy, ar spásanna eolais agus an “Cosmopedia”, ba chúis leis an eintiteas a tháinig Vicipéid, agus atá mar thoradh ar ''wikinomics'', agus éifeachtúlacht na gcóras eolais dáilte roinnte.<ref>{{Teimpléad:Cite journal|last=Levy|first=Pierre|title=Collective Intelligence|year=1997|publisher=Plenium Trade|location=New York and London|isbn=0306456354|pages=215–220|quote=. In the fourth space, "the subject of knowledge is shaped by its encyclopedia.}}</ref> Sa bhliain, 1993-1998, bhí Lévy ina ollamh in Ollscoil Pháras VIII, áit a ndearna sé staidéar ar choincheap na hintleachta comhchoiteann agus ar shochaithe eolasbhunaithe. Thug sé cainteanna léannta go leor maidir leis an gcibearchultúr.<ref>{{Teimpléad:Cite journal|last=Cochran|first=Terry|title=Thinking at the Edge of the Galaxy: Pierre Levy's World Projection|journal=Boundary|year=1999|volume=2|series=26|issue=3|pages=63–85|url=http://muse.jhu.edu.ezaccess.libraries.psu.edu/journals/boundary/v026/26.3cochran.html|accessdate=July 18, 2011}}</ref> Bhí sé ina bhall den bhord eagarthóireachta maidir leis an projet: “Revue virtuelle” san Ionad Pompidou i bPáras 1995-1997 agus ba é an t-údar a chuir le chéile tuarascáil ar an Cyberculture do Chomhairle na hEorpa sa bhliain 1996. Sa chaibidil “Idirghníomhaíocht” óna leabhar Cyberculture (2001), is é tuairim Lévy go bhfuil difríocht idir an t-analógach cumarsáide (teileafón, post) agus an chumarsáid digiteach (r-phost, seomraí comhrá) i gcás an eagrúcháin ama agus rannpháirtíocht ábhartha a gcóras cumarsáide. Maíonn sé go bhfuil idirghníomhaíocht téarma doiléir. Tá sé níos mó a dhéanamh le teacht ar réiteach an fhadhb, go bhfuil gá “le bealaí nua a thabhairt faoi deara” a fhorbairt, a dhearadh, agus modhanna cumarsáide a mheas, ná mar a dhéanann sé le tréith simplí, uathúil, a aithint".<ref>Lévy, Pierre. </ref> Henry Jenkins, i measc daoiní eile, luann Lévy mar tionchar tábhachtach ar teoiricí na hintleachta comhchoiteann atá “beo ar líne”. ''Ag Éirí in nDáiríe: Réaltacht san Aois Dhigiteach'' Scrúdaíonn Lévy an bealach ina ndáiríreann sinn gach gné dár saol, ó bhfíor-am (meánábhair) go hidirghníomhú trí theanga, chun ár ngníomhartha trí theicneolaíocht, agus ár gcaidreamh sóisialta trí institiúidí. Agus i ngach cás tá an mheicníocht ina gcéanna: Cruthaimid roinnt lámhdhéantúsán, ábhar níos mó nó níos lú, a ligeann dúinn a athrú, cad é atá i gceist ar shiúl ó na láithreacha seo-agus-anois, agus i dtreo fadhbanna nuair atá féidearthachtaí nua a oscailt suas. == Tionscadal atá ann faoi láthair == Is sé an tionscadal atá ann faoi láthair ag Lévy, ná an '''Lab Faisnéise Comhchoiteanna'''. Díríonn sé ar fhorbairt Geilleagar Eolas Meta Teanga (IEML) chun críocha bainistíochta eolas a fheabhsú mar chuid dá shaothar maidir le dearadh córas uilíoch, a bheith in ann seoltaí shéimeantacha a chur ar fáil chun cháipéisí digiteacha.<ref>{{Teimpléad:Lua idirlín|url=http://www.ieml.org/spip.php?article9&lang=en|teideal=ieml|publisher=ieml|date=|accessdate=2015-08-25}}</ref><ref>{{Teimpléad:Lua idirlín|last=Álvaro|first=Sandra|url=http://blogs.cccb.org/lab/en/article_ieml-projecte-per-a-un-nou-humanisme-entrevista-a-pierre-levy/|teideal=IEML: A PROJECT FOR A NEW HUMANISM. AN INTERVIEW WITH PIERRE LÉVY|work=[[Centre de Cultura Contemporània de Barcelona]]|date=March 26, 2014|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150502080942/http://blogs.cccb.org/lab/en/article_ieml-projecte-per-a-un-nou-humanisme-entrevista-a-pierre-levy/|archivedate=May 2, 2015|accessdate=August 24, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{Teimpléad:Lua idirlín|last=Pearson|first=Jordan|url=http://motherboard.vice.com/read/how-the-internets-collective-human-intelligence-could-outsmart-ai|teideal=How the Internet's Collective Human Intelligence Could Outsmart AI|work=Motherboard|publisher=[[Vice Media, Inc.]]|date=May 26, 2015|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150603070238/http://motherboard.vice.com/read/how-the-internets-collective-human-intelligence-could-outsmart-ai|archivedate=June 3, 2015|accessdate=August 24, 2015}}</ref> == Dámhachtainí == Sa bhliain 2004 tugadh aitheantas do Pierre Lévy mar chomhalta de Chumann Ríoga Cheanada. <ref>{{Lua idirlín |url=http://www.uottawa.ca/media/media-release-341.html |teideal=Cóip cartlainne |dátarochtana=2016-03-06 |archivedate=2014-08-08 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140808080052/http://www.uottawa.ca/media/media-release-341.html }}</ref> == Céimeanna ollscoile == * Licence MA, Sorbonne * PhD, EHESS Paris * Habilitation (cáilíocht iar-PhD) in eolaíocht faisnéise agus cumarsáid, Université de Grenoble == Príomhfhoilseacháin == * Lévy P., ''L’Œuvre de Warren McCulloch'', in «Cahiers du CREA», 7, Paris 1986, pp.&nbsp;211–255 * Id., ''Analyse de contenu des travaux du Biological Computer Laboratory (BCL)'', in «Cahiers du CREA», 8, Paris 1986, pp.&nbsp;155–191. * Id., ''La Machine Univers. Création, cognition et culture informatique'', La Découverte, Paris 1987. * Id., ''Les Technologies de l’intelligence. L’avenir de la pensée à l’ère informatique'', La Découverte, Paris 1990. * Id., ''L’idéographie dynamique. Vers une imagination artificielle?'', La Découverte, Paris 1991. * Id., Authier M., ''Les Arbres de connaissances'', La Découverte, Paris 1992. * Id., ''Le cosmos pense en nous'', in «Chimères», XIV, 1992, poi in Id., Chambat P. (eag.), ''Les Nouveaux Outils de la pensée'', Éditions Descartes, Paris 1992. * Id., ''De la programmation considérée comme un des beaux-arts'', La Découverte, Paris 1992. * Id., ''L’Intelligence collective. Pour une anthropologie du cyberespace'', La Découverte, Paris, 1994. * Id., ''Qu’est-ce que le virtuel?'', La Découverte, Paris 1995. * Id., ''Cyberculture. Rapport au Conseil de l’Europe dans le cadre du projet “Nouvelles technologie: coopération culturelle et communication”'', Odile Jacob, Paris 1997. * Id., Labrosse D., ''Le Feu libérateur'', Arléa, Paris 1999. * Id., ''World Philosophie: le marché, le cyberespace, la conscience'', Odile Jacob, Paris 2000. * Id., ''Cyberdémocratie. Essai de philosophie politique'', Odile Jacob, Paris 2002. * Id., ''The Semantic Sphere 1. Computation, Cognition and the Information Economy'', ISTE / Wiley, London and NY, 2011. * Id., ''Société du savoir et développement humain'', in P. Imbert (eag.), ''Le Canada et la société des savoirs'', CR Université d’Ottawa, Ottawa 2007, pp.&nbsp;115–175. * Id., ''Toward a Self-referential Collective Intelligence: Some Philosophical Background of the IEML Research Program'', First International Conference, ICCCI 2009, Wroclaw (Poland) 10.2009, in N.N. Than, K. Ryszard, C. Shyi-Ming (eag.), ''Computational Collective Intelligence'', Semantic Web, Social Networks and Multi-agent Systems, Springer, Berlin-Heidelberg-NY 2009, pp.&nbsp;22–35. * Id., ''Algebraic Structure of IEML Semantic Space'', CI Lab Technical Report, 2009, http://www.ieml.org/spip.php?article152 {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110722151833/http://www.ieml.org/spip.php?article152 |date=2011-07-22 }}. == Staidéar ar Pierre Lévy == * Berardi F., ''Mutazioni e cyberpunk'', Costa & Nolan, Genova 1994. * Id., (eag.), ''Cibernauti. Tecnologia, comunicazione, democrazia'', Castelvecchi, Roma 1996. * Corchia L., "La teoria degli spazi antropologici di Pierre Lévy", in ''The Lab’s Quarterly'', 3, 2007. * Id., ''La democrazia nell’era di Internet. Per una politica dell’intelligenza collettiva'', Le Lettere, Firenze 2011. * de Kerckhove D., ''La pelle della cultura. Un’indagine sulla nuova realtà elettronica'', Costa & Nolan, Genova 1996. * Id. [1997], ''L’intelligenza connettiva. L’avvento della Web society'', Aurelio De Laurentiis multimedia, Milano 1999. * Magrassi P., ''Digitalmente confusi'', Franco Angeli, Milano 2011, pp.&nbsp;171–182 * Rizza G., ''L’intelligenza collettiva di Pierre Lévy'', Zerobook, Roma 2007. * Rodotà S., ''Tecnopolitica. La democrazia e le nuove tecnologie della comunicazione'', Laterza, Roma-Bari 1997, 20042. == Tagairtí == {{Reflist}} == Naisc sheachtracha == * [http://elib.at/index.php/Pierre_Levi_1956#Volltexte List of full text articles by Pierre Lévy] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303212449/http://elib.at/index.php/Pierre_Levi_1956#Volltexte |date=2016-03-03 }} by the eLibrary Project ([http://elib.at/index.php/Hauptseite eLib.at]) * [http://nextmodernitylibrary.blogspirit.com/archive/2006/07/13/ieml.html Interview of Pierre Levy by Denis failly about IEML] * [http://www.media.uottawa.ca/mediaroom/news_details-e.php?nid=341 press release] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070310230104/http://www.media.uottawa.ca/mediaroom/news_details-e.php?nid=341 |date=2007-03-10 }} * [http://www.ieml.org/spip.php?rubrique51&lang=en IEML homepage] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071020104848/http://ieml.org/spip.php?rubrique51&lang=en |date=2007-10-20 }} * [https://twitter.com/plevy Pierre Levy on Twitter] * [http://inteligenciacolectiva.bvsalud.org/ "Collective Intelligence" in Spanish, translated by the pan-american health organization] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303173257/http://inteligenciacolectiva.bvsalud.org/ |date=2016-03-03 }} * [http://www.caosmose.net/pierrelevy/ Portuguese and French texts by Pierre Lévy] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305013034/http://www.caosmose.net/pierrelevy/ |date=2016-03-05 }} * [http://www.caosmose.net/pierrelevy/conferencias/ Conferences - videos - by Pierre Lévy] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160308203705/http://caosmose.net/pierrelevy/conferencias/ |date=2016-03-08 }} * [https://books.google.com/books/about/Cyberculture.html?id=iDdl_FwGZE8C Cyberculture (2001)] * Luca Corchia, [http://arp.unipi.it/dettaglioar.php?ide=123757 ''La teoria degli spazi antropologici di Pierre Lévy. Verso una filosofia politica dell’intelligenza collettiva''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110408092220/http://arp.unipi.it/dettaglioar.php?ide=123757 |date=2011-04-08 }}, in [http://serraweb.unipi.it/dsslab/Sito/The_Lab's_Quarterly.html «''Il Trimestrale del Laboratorio. The Lab's Quarterly''»] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111108203628/http://serraweb.unipi.it/dsslab/Sito/The_Lab%27s_Quarterly.html |date=2011-11-08 }}, Pisa, Dipartimento di Scienze Sociali, 3, 2007, ss. 22. {{DEFAULTSORT:Levy, Pierre}} [[Catagóir:Daoine a rugadh i 1956]] [[Catagóir:Daoine beo]] b5mcfrnhk90ebqsd61tw6hf87rjnuoh 0 74249 1318122 1081469 2026-06-20T19:01:13Z Seachránaí 53315 Catagóirí 1318122 wikitext text/x-wiki {{WD Bosca Sonraí Duine}} Polaiteoir [[Éire]]annach ab ea '''Samuel Holt''' ([[3 Meán Fómhair]], [[1880]] - [[18 Aibreán]], [[1929]]). Bhí sé ina bhall de [[Sinn Féin|Shinn Féin]] ar dtús agus ansin [[Fianna Fáil]]. == Tagairtí == {{Reflist}} {{Teachtaí Dála an 4ú Dáil}} {{Teachtaí Dála an 5ú Dáil}} {{Teachtaí Dála an 6ú Dáil}} {{Síol-beath-ie}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Holt, Samuel}} ][[Catagóir:Daoine a rugadh i 1891]] [[Catagóir:Básanna i 1970]] [[Catagóir:Baill d'Óglaigh na hÉireann (1917-1922)]] [[Catagóir:Baill den 4ú Dáil]] [[Catagóir:Baill den 5ú Dáil]] [[Catagóir:Baill den 6ú Dáil]] [[Catagóir:Daoine as Contae na hIarmhí]] [[Catagóir:Fir]] [[Catagóir:Polaiteoirí as Contae Liatroma]] [[Catagóir:Polaiteoirí as Contae Shligigh]] [[Catagóir:Polaiteoirí Shinn Féin]] [[Catagóir:Ré Victeoiriach]] [[Catagóir:Teachtaí Dála Fhianna Fáil]] a0255xw5w75610dxxxcqrf007yo8exb 1318123 1318122 2026-06-20T19:01:56Z Seachránaí 53315 1318123 wikitext text/x-wiki {{WD Bosca Sonraí Duine}} Polaiteoir [[Éire]]annach ab ea '''Samuel Holt''' ([[3 Meán Fómhair]], [[1880]] - [[18 Aibreán]], [[1929]]). Bhí sé ina bhall de [[Sinn Féin|Shinn Féin]] ar dtús agus ansin [[Fianna Fáil]]. == Tagairtí == {{Reflist}} {{Teachtaí Dála an 4ú Dáil}} {{Teachtaí Dála an 5ú Dáil}} {{Teachtaí Dála an 6ú Dáil}} {{Síol-beath-ie}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Holt, Samuel}} [[Catagóir:Daoine a rugadh i 1891]] [[Catagóir:Básanna i 1970]] [[Catagóir:Baill d'Óglaigh na hÉireann (1917-1922)]] [[Catagóir:Baill den 4ú Dáil]] [[Catagóir:Baill den 5ú Dáil]] [[Catagóir:Baill den 6ú Dáil]] [[Catagóir:Daoine as Contae na hIarmhí]] [[Catagóir:Fir]] [[Catagóir:Polaiteoirí as Contae Liatroma]] [[Catagóir:Polaiteoirí as Contae Shligigh]] [[Catagóir:Polaiteoirí Shinn Féin]] [[Catagóir:Ré Victeoiriach]] [[Catagóir:Teachtaí Dála Fhianna Fáil]] g70np60phv7x0amdt1z6wgzq1bjdrzy 0 74303 1318121 1081023 2026-06-20T18:58:03Z Seachránaí 53315 Catagóirí 1318121 wikitext text/x-wiki {{WD Bosca Sonraí Duine}} Polaiteoir [[Éire]]annach ab ea '''Richard Holohan''' ([[11 Eanáir]] [[1882]] – [[30 Bealtaine]] [[1954]]). Bhí sé ina bhall de [[Páirtí na bhFeirmeoirí|Pháirtí na bhFeirmeoirí]] agus [[Lár-Pháirtí Náisiúnta]]. == Tagairtí == {{Reflist}} {{Teachtaí Dála an 5ú Dáil}} {{Teachtaí Dála an 6ú Dáil}} {{Teachtaí Dála an 8ú Dáil}} {{Síol-beath-ie}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Holohan, Richard}} [[Catagóir:Daoine a rugadh i 1882]] [[Catagóir:Básanna i 1954]] [[Catagóir:Baill den 5ú Dáil]] [[Catagóir:Baill den 6ú Dáil]] [[Catagóir:Baill den 8ú Dáil]] [[Catagóir:Baill Fhine Gael]] [[Catagóir:Feirmeoirí Éireannacha]] [[Catagóir:Fir]] [[Catagóir:Polaiteoirí neamhspleácha na hÉireann]] [[Catagóir:Ré Victeoiriach]] jj8absm8w7gex74yjzj70oql7j8sbpf 0 84592 1318137 1080128 2026-06-20T22:24:57Z TGcoa 21229 1318137 wikitext text/x-wiki {{WD Bosca Sonraí Duine}} Polaiteoir [[Éire]]annach ab ea '''Billy Kenneally''' (12 Deireadh Fómhair 1925 − 26 Lúnasa 2009). Bhí sé ina bhall d'[[Fianna Fáil|Fhianna Fáil]]. Bhí a nia, [[Bill Kenneally (ciontóir gnéis)|Bill Kenneally]], ina chiontóir gnéis. == Tagairtí == {{Reflist}} {{Teachtaí Dála an 18ú Dáil}} {{Teachtaí Dála an 19ú Dáil}} {{Teachtaí Dála an 20ú Dáil}} {{Teachtaí Dála an 21ú Dáil}} {{Teachtaí Dála an 22ú Dáil}} {{stumpa}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Kenneally, Billy}} [[Catagóir:Polaiteoirí na hÉireann|Kenneally, Billy]] [[Catagóir:Daoine a rugadh i 1925|Kenneally, Billy]] [[Catagóir:Básanna in 2009|Kenneally, Billy]] [[Catagóir:Baill Fhianna Fáil]] [[Catagóir:Baill den 18ú Dáil]] [[Catagóir:Baill den 19ú Dáil]] [[Catagóir:Baill den 20ú Dáil]] [[Catagóir:Baill den 21ú Dáil]] [[Catagóir:Baill den 22ú Dáil]] f0lvdyvyb29nuvh8ylogmmfam8wz0th 0 84919 1318146 1300000 2026-06-20T23:23:04Z InternetArchiveBot 47196 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1318146 wikitext text/x-wiki Baineann an téarma '''Litríocht Indiach i mBéarla''' le scríbhneoirí san [[India]] a scríobhann i mBéarla agus a d’fhéadfadh ceann nó cúpla ceann de theangacha dúchais na hIndia a labhairt freisin. Tosnaíonn an litríocht sin le [[Michael Madhusudan Dutt]], agus leanann sí le [[R. K. Narayan]], [[Mulk Raj Anand]] agus [[Raja Rao]], údair a bhí ag scríobh sna 1930í.<ref name="KhoranaGreenwood2009">{{cite book|author1=Meena G.. Khorana|author2=Greenwood|title=The Life and Works of Ruskin Bond|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ipxKj8G1H0kC&pg=PA1|date=January 2009|publisher=IAP|isbn=978-1-60752-075-7|page=1&ndash;2}}</ref> Tá baint aici freisin le scríbhneoirí atá nó a bhí ina gcónaí thar lear. ==Stair== Tá stair na litríocht seo réasúnta gearr agus gan í ach céad bliain go leith d'aois. An chéad leabhar a scríobh Indiach i mBéarla ba é ''Travels of Dean Mahomet'' é, scéal taistil le Sake Dean Mahomet a foilsíodh i Sasana sa bhliain 1793. Ar dtús bhí rian an úrscéil Iartharaigh le haithint ar leabhair Indiacha. Bhain na scríbhneoirí luatha úsáid as Béarla a bhí glan ó fhocail Indiacha agus iad ag iarraidh saol na hIndia a léiriú. Scríobh [[Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay]] (1838 - 1894) ''Rajmohan’s Wife'', leabhar a d'fhoilsigh sé sa bhliain 1864; is é an chéad úrscéal Indiach é a scríobhadh i mBéarla. Scríobh [[Rabindranath Tagore]] (1861 - 1941) i Beangáilis agus i mBéarla agus bhí sé freagrach as na haistriúcháin Bhéarla a rinneadh dá shaothair Bheangáilise. Ba é [[Dhan Gopal Mukerji]] (1890-1936) an chéad údar Indiach a bhain duais liteartha sna Stáit Aontaithe. Tá iomrá le [[Nirad C. Chaudhuri]] (1897-1999), scríbhneoir neamhfhicsin, as a leabhar ''[[Autobiography of an Unknown Indian]]'' (1951) agus cuntas aige ann ar a ndeachaigh i bhfeidhm ar a shaol. Sna 1950í bhunaigh [[P. Lal]] (1929-2010), file, aistritheoir, foilsitheoir agus scríbhneoir aistí, an preas Writers’ Workshop ar mhaithe le Béarla na hIndia. Scríobh an veigeatóir Caismíreach [[Ram Nath Kak]] (1917 - 1993) dírbheathaisnéis dar theideal ''Autumn Leaves'', cuntas grinn ar shaol na Caismíre sa fichiú haois. B’fhada [[R. K. Narayan]] (1906-2001) i mbun pinn agus lean sé air ag scríobh go dtí lá a bháis. Chabhraigh [[Graham Greene (scríbhneoir|Graham Greene]] leis foilsitheoir a fháil i Sasana, agus bhí siad mór le chéile go deireadh a saoil. Tá scéalta Narayan suite in Malgudi, baile samhailteach, agus iad lochtaithe ag criticeoirí éigin toisc nach bhfreagraíonn saol an bhaile sin do na hathruithe a bhí teacht ar an tír. Shíl Greene agus a leithéidí eile, áfach, gur thug siad léargas soiléir suimiúil ar shaol na hIndia. Is sampla maith dá stíl scríbhneoireachta an léiriú a dhéantar ar shaol an bhaile bhig trí shúile an bhuachalla Swaminathan in ''Swami and Friends''. San am céanna bhí clú ag teacht ar scríbhneoir de shórt eile ar fad, [[Mulk Raj Anand]] (1905-2004), de bharr scéalta a bhí suite i dtuaisceart na hIndia, ach bhí a shaothar siúd níos géire agus cuntas ann a bhí coscrach go leor uaireanta ar ar tháinig de dhifríochtaí aicme, sainaicme agus creidimh. Deir an scríbhneoir [[Lakshmi Holmström]], "The writers of the 1930s were fortunate because after many years of use, English had become an Indian language used widely and at different levels of society, and therefore they could experiment more boldly and from a more secure position".<ref name="KhoranaGreenwood2009"/><ref name="KhoranaGreenwood2009"/> Is minic a luaitear [[Kamala Markandaya|Kamala Markandeya]] in éineacht leis an triúr RK Narayan, Mulk Raj Anand agus Raja Rao mar scríbhneoir Béarla.<Ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/news/2004/jun/25/guardianobituaries.india|teideal=Kamala Markandaya|last=Kumar|first=Jai|date=2004-06-24|work=The Guardian|access-date=2017-03-31|language=en-GB|issn=0261-3077}}</ref> Ní admhaítear go forleathan fós cá mhéad a rinne [[Manoj Das]] agus [[Manohar Malgonkar|Manohar Malgoankar]] chun cur le saothrú liteartha an Bhéarla.<Ref>{{Cite news|url = http://www.dnaindia.com/lifestyle/report-manohar-malgonkar-contributiion-to-indian-writing-in-english-remains-largely-unacknowledged-1397472|teideal=Manohar Malgonkar contribution to Indian writing in English remains largely unacknowledged{{!}}Latest News & Updates at Daily News & Analysis|date=2010-06-17|work=dna|access-date=2017-03-31|language=en-US}}</ref> == Níos déanaí == [[File: Arundhati Roy W.jpg | 200px | thumb | [[Arundhati Roy]]]] Tá Salman Rushdie ar na scríbhneoirí is suntasaí a rugadh san India agus a scríobhann i mBéarla. Tá sé ina gcónaí sna Stáit Aontaithe anois. Bhain a shaothar ''Midnight's Children'' Duais Booker 1981, Booker of Bookers 1992, agus Best of the Bookers 2008. Bhí blas nua ar a chuid scríbhneoireachta agus úsáid á baint aige as teanga mheasctha - Béarla a bhí breac le téarmaí Indiacha agus a d’fhéadfadh mionchúrsaí na tíre a thabhairt chun soiléire da bharr. De ghnáth déantar é a cheangal leis an réalachas taibhsiúil, rud a luaitear go minic le leithéidí [[Gabriel García Márquez]]. Tá [[Nayantara Sehgal]] ar dhuine de na chéad scríbhneoirí Indiacha a fuair aitheantas forleathan i mBéarla. Cuireann sí síos ar uasaicme na hIndia agus iad ag dul i ngleic le géarchéimeanna polaitiúla na tíre. Bhain sí Gradam Sahitya Akademi 1986 as a húrscéal, ''Rich Like Us'' (1985); is é Sahitya Akademi Acadamh Náisiúnta Liteartha na hIndia. Fuair [[Anita Desai]], a bhí gearrliostaithe don Duais Booker trí huaire, Gradam Sahitya Akademi 1978 as a húrscéal ''Fire on the Mountain'' agus an Guardian Prize as ''The Village by the Sea''. Bhuaigh a hiníon [[Kiran Desai]] Duais Man Booker 2006 as a dara húrscéal, ''The Inheritance of Loss''. Fuair [[Ruskin Bond]] Gradam Sahitya Akademi 1992 as a chnuasach gearrscéalta ''Our Trees Still Grow in Dehra''. Chomh maith leis sin, eisean a scríobh an t-úrscéal stairiúil ''A Flight of Pigeons'', atá bunaithe ar eachtra de chuid [[Ceannairc Indiach 1857|Cheannairc Indiach 1857]]. [[Íomhá:Salman-Rushdie-1.jpg|thumb|200px|[[Salman Rushdie]]]] Baineann [[Vikram Seth]], údar ''The Golden Gate'' (1986) agus ''A Suitable Boy'' (1994), tairbhe as Béarla neamh-Indiach agus as téamaí níos réadúla. Scéalaí soléite traidisiúnta é agus glaoch mór ar a shaothar dá bharr. Tá sé ina fhile nótáilte freisin. Scríbhneoir eile a chuir go mór leis litríocht Bhéarla na hIndia Indiach is ea [[Amitav Ghosh]]. Scríobh sé ''The Circle of Reason'' (1986), ''The Shadow Lines'' (1988), ''The Calcutta Chromosome'' (1995), ''The Glass Palace'' (2000), ''The Hungry Tide'' (2004), agus ''Sea of Poppies'' (2008), an chéad chuid den tríológ ''The Ibis'', atá suite sna 1830í, díreach roimh Chogadh an Ópiam, agus a chuireann síos ar choilíneachas an Oirthir. Is é ''River of Smoke'' (2011) an leabhar is déanaí uaidh, agus an dara leabhar den tríológ. Údar Ceanadach é [[Rohinton Mistry]] ach rugadh san India é. Bhain sé an Neustadt International Prize for Literature (2012). Ba é a chéad leabhar ''Tales from Firozsha Baag'' (1987), cnuasach gearrscéalta a d'fhoilsigh Penguin Books i gCeanada. Tugadh moladh mór do na húrscéalta ''Such a Long Journey'', (1991) agus ''A Fine Balance'' (1995). Tá féith an aoir le mothú in ''The Great Indian Novel'', úrscéal le [[Shashi Tharoor]] a ghabhann siar is aniar tríd an am. Tá neamhchlaontacht i leith na hIndia le mothú ina shaothar, rud a bhféadfadh baint a bheith aige lena thaithí mar fheidhmeanach sna Náisiúin Aontaithe. Aistríonn [[Vikram Chandra (úrscéalaí)|Vikram Chandra]] idir an India agus na Stáit Aontaithe agus tháinig clú criticiúil air as a chéad úrscéal, ''Red Earth and Pouring Rain'' (1995), agus cnuasach gearrscéalta, ''Love and Longing in Bombay'' (1997). Tháinig iomrá ar [[Vikram Chandra (tuairisceoir)|Vikram A. Chandra]] de thoradh a leabhair ''The Srinagar Conspiracy'' (2000). Tá [[Suketu Mehta]] ina chónaí faoi láthair sna Stáit Aontaithe agus ''Maximum City'' (2004) foilsithe aige, cuntas ar a shaol i gcathair Mumbai. Sa bhliain 2008 fuair [[Arvind Adiga]] Duais an Man Booker as a chéad úrscéal, ''The White Tiger''. Tá scríbhneoirí eile ann, leithéidí [[Arundhati Roy]] agus [[David Davidar]], atá níos fréamhaithe ina bhfearann féin. Cuireann Roy síos uirthi féin mar scríbhneoir “dúchasach”; bhain ''The God of Small Things'' Duais Booker 1997, agus tá dlúthbhaint ag a saothar le tírdhreach leathan [[Kerala]]. Tá leabhar Davidar, ''The House of Blue Mangoes'', suite i ndeisceart na tíre, in [[Tamil Nadu]]. Sa dá leabhar tá an-tábhacht leis an tíreolaíocht agus leis an bpolaitíocht. Gníomhaí polaitiúil agus sóisialta is ea Roy agus an-aithne uirthi thar lear. Léiríonn scéalta [[Ratan Lal Basu] saol na ndaoine treibheacha agus mhuintir na sléibhte in Iarthar Bheangál agus sna stáit in aice leis - Sikkim, an Bhútáin agus Neipeal. Léiríonn a lán scéalta dá chuid saol corraithe polaitiúil Iarthar Bheangál ó aimsir ghluaiseacht na Nacsailíteach sna 1970í. Ina úrscéal ''Lament of Mohini'' (2000), scríobhann [[Shreekumar Varma]] faoi na Namboodiris agus uasaicme Kerala agus tagairt déanta aige don chóras matrarcach agus do phósadh ''sammandham''. Ar an gcaoi chéanna, scríobhann [[Arnab Jan Deka]], innealtóir oilte agus dlítheoir, faoin eiseachas spioradálta agus fisiciúil ar bhruach abhainn an Brahmaputra, agus chuir sé leabhar filíochta amach in éineacht leis an úrscéalaí agus file Tess Joyce, dar teideal ''A Stanza of Sunlight on the Banks of Brahmaputra'' (1983, an India agus an Bhreatain 2009), ag cur shíorshruth na beatha in iúl. Chuir sé cnuasach gearrscéalta amach, ''The Mexican Sweetheart & other stories'' (2002), ag plé na rudaí a dhealaíonn daoine amach ó chéile. Fuair cnuasach gearrscéalta, ''Next Door'', le [[Jahnavi Barua]], ardmholadh. Údar í as [[Assam]] atá ina cónaí in [[Bangalore]] agus an cheannairc in Assam mar chúlra ag a saothar. ==Díospóireacht== Ar na cnámha spairne is mó a bhaineann le litríocht Indiach i mBéarla tá fiúntas na scríbhneoireachta sin le hais a bhfuil á scríobh i dteangacha dúchais na tíre. I measc phríomhthéarmaí na díospóireachta tá beagthábhacht/údaracht, aithriseach/cruthaitheach, éadomhain/domhain, criticiúil/neamhchriticiúil, scothroghnach/comónta. Tá dhá thaobh na díospóireachta le fáil i dtuairimí Salman Rushdie agus [[Amit Chaudhuri]] ina leabhair ''The Vintage Book of Indian Writing'' agus ''The Picador Book of Modern Indian Literature''. Chuir Rushdie colg ar a lán daoine agus scríbhneoirí Béarla ina measc nuair a thug sé tús áite do scríbhneoireacht i mBéarla. Dúirt sé gur dheacair do dhaoine áirithe a ghlacadh leis an tuairim íorónta gur trí Bhéarla a rinneadh an scríbhneoireacht is fearr a tháinig as an India ó thús an neamhspleáchais amach.<ref>Kellman, lch 251.</ref> Tuairim eile atá ag Chaudhuri: "Can it be true that Indian writing, that endlessly rich, complex and problematic entity, is to be represented by a handful of writers who write in English, who live in England or America and whom one might have met at a party?"<ref>Kellman, lch xvi.</ref> Is dóigh le Chaudhuri gur thosaigh scríbhneoirí Béarla tar éis Rushdie ag baint feidhm as réalachas taibhsiúil, insint neamhdhíreach agus teanga hibrideach chun téamaí a léiriú a síleadh a thabharfadh léargas ar ghnéithe den India. Cuireann sé é seo i gcomórtas le saothar Narayan agus údair eile dá leithéid, scríbhneoirí a úsáideann Béarla glan ach nach féidir leat ciall a bhaint as a saothar gan tuiscint a bheith agat ar an dúchas. Síleann sé gur rud é an tIndiachas nach bhfuil le fáil ach i scríbhneoireacht Indiach i mBéarla agus nach bhfuil a rian le fáil ar na litríochtaí dúchasacha. Deir sé go bhfuil an tIarthar á lorg féin san úrscéal iarchoilíneach. Déantar samhail de chumasc idéalach de: cumasc a ligean don Iarthar machnamh a dhéanamh ar a iniúchadh stairiúil féin, ar a athmhíniú air féin, seachas ar an Indiachas, cibé rud é an tIndiachas céanna agus é chomh casta sin.<ref>Kellman, lch xxx.</ref> Baineann cuid de na hargóintí seo go dlúth leis an [[teoiric iarchoilíneach]]. Is dóigh le daoine áirithe gur cúngú dearcaidh é a rá go bhfuil scríbhneoireacht Indiach i mBéarla ann mar chatagóir ar leith nó mar chuid den litríocht iarchoilineach. B’in é tuairim [[Amitav Ghosh]] nuair a dhiúltaigh sé Duais Eoráiseach Scríbhneoirí an Chomhlathais a ghlacadh as a leabhar ''The Glass Palace'' sa bhliain 2001. Níl [[Jhumpa Lahiri]], buaiteoir Dhuais Pulitzer ó na Stáit Aontaithe, róshásta ach oiread a bheith áirithe mar scríbhneoir Indiach i mBéarla. Sampla de neamhdheimhneacht an scéil is ea [[V. S. Naipaul]], Indiach den tríú glúin ó Oileán na Tríonóide agus ó Thobága agus duine a bhuaigh Dhuais Nobel. Cuireann sé síos ar an dúchas, an neamhdhúchas agus ar a dhearcadh féin ar an India, ach ní áirítear é de ghnáth mar scríbhneoir Indiach i mBéarla. ==Filíocht== Ní thugtar an oiread sin airde ar an bhfilíocht a cumadh mar chuid den scríbhneoireacht Bhéarla. In éineacht le Rabindranath Tagore (a chum filíocht i mBeangáilis agus i mBéarla), bhí filíocht á scríobh ag [[Henry Louis Vivian Derozio|Derozio]], [[Michael Madhusudan Dutt]], [[Toru Dutt]], [[Romesh Chunder Dutt]], [[Sri Aurobindo]], [[Sarojini Naidu]], agus ag a deartháir siúd [[Harindranath Chattopadhyay]]. Sa fichiú haois bhí filí nótáilte eile ag scríobh, leithéidí [[Dilip Chitre]], [[Kamala Das]], [[Eunice De Souza]], [[Nissim Ezekiel]], [[Kersy Katrak]], [[Shiv K. Kumar]], [[Arun Kolatkar]], [[P. Lal]], [[Jayanta Mahapatra]], [[Dom Moraes]], [[Gieve Patel]], [[A. K. Ramanujan]] agus [[Madan Gopal Gandhi]]. I measc na bhfilí is óige tá [[Abhay K]], [[Arundhathi Subramaniam]], [[Anju Makhija]], [[Arnab Jan Deka]], [[Bibhu Padhi]], [[Ranjit Hoskote]], [[Sudeep Sen]], [[Smita Agarwal]], [[Makarand Paranjape]], [[Jeet Thayil]], [[Mani Rao]], [[Jerry Pinto]], [[K. V. Dominic]]<ref>https://www.amazon.com/Philosophical-Musings-Meaningful-Life-Analysis/dp/1615992669/ref=sr_1_7?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1516428025&sr=1-7&keywords=k.+v.+dominic%27s+books https://www.amazon.com/Dominic-Essential-Readings-Study-Guide/dp/1615993029/ref=sr_1_29?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1516428253&sr=1-29&keywords=k.+v.+dominic%27s+books </ref>, [[Meena Kandasamy]], [[Nalini Priyadarshni]], [[Gopi Kottoor]], [[Tapan Kumar Pradhan]], [[Rukmini Bhaya Nair]], [[Robin Ngangom]], [[Vihang A. Naik]] agus [[K. Srilata]]. Ar na filí Béarla thar lear tá [[Agha Shahid Ali]], [[Sujata Bhatt]], [[Richard Crasta]], [[Yuyutsu Sharma]], [[Tabish Khair]] agus [[Vikram Seth]]. ==Nótaí== {{reflist}} ==Tagairtí== *Haq, Kaiser (ed.). ''Contemporary Indian Poetry''. Columbus: Ohio State University Press, 1990. *Haq, Rubana (ed.). ''The Golden Treasury of Writers Workshop Poetry''. Kolkata: Writers Workshop, 2008. *Hoskote, Ranjit (ed.). ''Reasons for Belonging: Fourteen Contemporary Indian Poets.'' Viking/Penguin Books India, New Delhi, 2002. *Singh, Bijender. "Indian Writing in English: Critical Insights." New Delhi, Authorspress, 2014. *[http://menanddreamsinthedhauladhar.com Indian Writing in English] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180322153029/http://menanddreamsinthedhauladhar.com/ |date=2018-03-22 }} | Men and Dreams in the Dhauladhar by Novels by Indian Authors - [http://menanddreamsinthedhauladhar.com/indian-writers-in-english-literature-and-their-works.php Kochery C Shibu] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170407153616/http://menanddreamsinthedhauladhar.com/indian-writers-in-english-literature-and-their-works.php |date=2017-04-07 }} *Joseph, Margaret Paul. "Jasmine on a String: a Survey of Women Writing English Fiction in India." Oxford University Press, 2014. *Kellman G., Steven (ed.). ''Switching Languages: Translingual Writers Reflect on Their Craft''. University of Nebraska Press, 2003. *King, Bruce Alvin. ''Modern Indian Poetry in English: Revised Edition''. New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 1987, rev. 2001. *King, Bruce Alvin. ''Three Indian Poets: Nissim Ezekiel, A K Ramanujan, Dom Moraes''. Madras: Oxford University Press, 1991. *Mehrotra, Arvind Krishna (ed.). ''The Oxford India Anthology of Twelve Modern Indian Poets''. Calcutta: Oxford University Press, 1992. *Mehrotra, Arvind Krishna (ed.). ''A History of Indian Literature in English''. New York: Columbia University Press, 2003. Distributed in India by Doaba Books Shanti Mohan House 16, Ansari Road, New Delhi. *Parthasarathy, R. (ed.). ''Ten Twentieth-Century Indian Poets (New Poetry in India)''. New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 1976. *Prem, PCK. ''English Poetry in India: A Comprehensive Survey of Trends and Thought Patterns'' New Delhi: Authorspress, 2011.{{ASIN|8172736029|country=in}} *Reddy, T. Vasudeva. ''A Critical Survey of Indo-English Poetry'' New Delhi: Authorspress, 2016.{{ASIN|9352072499|country=in}} *Roy, Pinaki. "''Encountering the West'': A Very Brief Overview of the Indian Diasporic Novelists". ''Journal of Higher Education and Research Society'' (ISSN 2321-9432) 1(1), October 2013: http://herso.org/vol-1-issue-1-oct-2013/ {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180625161824/http://herso.org/vol-1-issue-1-oct-2013/ |date=2018-06-25 }} *Roy, Pinaki. “''Dramatic Chronicle'': A Very Brief Review of the Growth of Indian English Plays”. ''Indian Drama in English: Some Perspectives''. Ed. Kaushik, A.S. New Delhi: Atlantic Publishers and Distributors Pvt. Ltd., 2013 ({{ISBN|978-81-269-1772-3}}). pp.&nbsp;272–87. *Sadana, Rashmi. "Writing in English," in ''The Cambridge Companion to Modern Indian Culture''. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2012. *Sadana, Rashmi. ''English Heart, Hindi Heartland: the Political Life of Literature in India''. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2012. *Shivdasani, Menka (ed.). ''Anthology of Contemporary Indian Poetry'' : USA, BigBridge.Org, [[Michael Rothenberg]], 2004. *Souza, Eunice de. "Nine Indian Women Poets", Delhi, Oxford University Press, 1997. *Souza, Eunice de. ''Talking Poems: Conversations With Poets''. New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 1999. *Souza, Eunice de. ''Early Indian Poetry in English: An Anthology : 1829-1947.'' New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 2005. *Srikanth, Rajini. ''The World Next Door: South Asian American Literature and the Idea of America'''. Asian American History and Culture. Philadelphia: Temple UP, 2004. *Mahapatra, Jayanta & Sharma, Yuyutsu (ed.). ''Ten: The New Indian Poets''. New Delhi: Nirala Publications, 1993. http://niralapublications.com/new-release-ten-the-new-indian-poets/ {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171219051402/http://niralapublications.com/new-release-ten-the-new-indian-poets/ |date=2017-12-19 }} *Jha, Vivekananad. (ed) ''The Dance of the Peacock''. Canada: Hidden Brook Press, 2014. {{DEFAULTSORT:Litriocht Indiach i mBearla}} [[Catagóir:Litríocht Indiach]] [[Catagóir:Litríocht Indiach i mBéarla]] [[Catagóir:Litríocht de réir teanga|Bearla, Indiach]] [[Catagóir:Cultúr na hIndia]] 8krvr7ymgn6y4ke91y7svhr6k74udo1 0 86838 1318160 1263957 2026-06-21T08:06:42Z Marcas.oduinn 33120 /* Tagairtí annál */ Tagairtí annál 1318160 wikitext text/x-wiki {{WD Bosca Sonraí Carachtar}} Ba bhandia í '''Tailte''' ([[Sean-Ghaeilge]] '''Tailtiu''' nó '''Tailltiu''') ''i [[Miotaseolaíocht na nGael]].'' ==Sanasaíocht== Tá ainm an bhandé ann i ndán an [[dinnseanchas|dinnseanchais]], a insíonn go bhfuil [[Aonach Tailteann]], [[Contae na Mí]] ainmnithe ina honóir.<ref>Gwynn, E., aistr., "Poem 33: Tailtiu," ''The Metrical Dindshenchas'', le fáil ar [http://www.ucc.ie/celt/published/T106500D/index.html CELT].</ref> Léiríonn anailís teangeolaíochta ámh go bhfuil an logainm fréamhaithe ó iasacht Briotainise, léirithe ag ''telediw'' na Breatnaise, "dea-chumtha, álainn." <ref>Binchy, D.A., ‘The Fair of Tailtiu and the Feast of Tara,’ [[Ériu (iriseán)|Ériu]], 18 (1958), ll. 113-138.</ref> is amhlaidh go bhfuil ainm an bhandé fréamhaithe ón logainm. ==Miotaseolaíocht na nGael== De réir [[Leabhar Gabhála na hÉireann]], ba iníon rí na Spáinne í Tailte, agus bean chéile [[Eochaid mac Eirc]], [[Ard-Rí na hÉireann]] deireanach de shliocht na [[Fir Bolg]], a thug a hainm dá phríomhchathair, [[Tailtin]]. Tháinig sí slán tar éis gabháil na [[Tuatha Dé Danann|dTuath Dé Danann]] agus rinneadh ina máthair altrama [[Lugh]] di.<ref name="MacKillop">MacKillop, James (1998) ''A Dictionary of Celtic Mythology''. Oxford, Oxford University Press. {{ISBN|0-19-280120-1}} ll. 309-10, 395-6, 76, 20</ref> Deirtear go bhfuair Tailte bás le teann corthachta, tar éis di machairí na hÉireann a ghlanadh le haghaidh talmhaíochta. Bhunaigh Lugh féile fhómhair cluichíochtacluichí adhlactha ina honóir, Aonach Tailteann, a ceiliúradh chomh déanach is an 18ú haois.<ref name="MacKillop" /> ==Stair na hÉireann== San am atá thart, ba dheis é [[Aonach Tailteann]] comórtais de nirt agus cumais, agus am buntáisteach do chleamhnas agus lóistín don gheimhreadh. Bhíodh síocháin i réim ag an bhféile, agus bhíodh ceiliúradh reiligiúnach at siúl. Caomhnaítear cuid den fhéile sa cheiliúradh [[Lúnasa]], a athbheodh ar feadh tréimhse sa 20ú haois faoin ainm Cluichí Tailteann.<ref name="MacKillop" /> Eagraíodh féile Lúnasa ag [[Carman]] (ní fios go cruinn a shuíomh), agus faightear chomh maith dán an [[dinnseanchas|dinnseanchais]] a thugann bréagshanasaíocht don áit. Maíonn an dán go bhfuil an fhéile ainmnithe as Carman, ach a mhalairt, mar an gcéanna le Tailte, is amhlaidh go bhfuil an dia miotaseolaíochta ainmnithe as an áit. I ré na staire, ba é Tailte an baile ina raibh an príomhtionóil de chlann [[Uí Néill]]. De réir ''Locus Project'' ag CELT<ref>{{Lua idirlín |url=http://research.ucc.ie/doi/locus |teideal=Locus Project |dátarochtana=2019-01-09 |archivedate=2017-10-26 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171026205713/http://research.ucc.ie/doi/locus }}</ref>, bhí cúpla ráth ag Tailte (bandia) i gcúige Mumhan: * ''Ráth Canann: ráth banríon Tailteann, LL 201; cf. Rathcannon tl., Contae Luimnigh * '' Ráth Con: ráth banríon Tailteann, LL 201; in Tuath Tailten, UM 165b, Lec. 514, Stowe D ii 2, 656. Níl sé soiléir gur nó nach ionann Ráth Canann agus Ráth Con. == Tagairtí annál == * [[Annála na gCeithre Máistrí|ACM]] 1095.10. ''Taillti, inghen Domhnaill Guitt, d'écc * [[Annála Uladh|AU]] 1127.7. ''Tailltiu ingen Murchadha H. Mael Sechlainn ben [[Toirdhealbhach Ua Conchobhair]] * ACM 1170.8. ''Taillte, inghen Muirchertaigh Uí Mhaoil Sechlainn, ben Domhnaill mic Murchadha Uí Fherghail, taoisech [[an Anaíle|Muintire Anghaile]], d'écc isin cethrachtmhadh bliadhain a h-aoisi.'' Taillte, iníon Mhuircheartaigh Uí Mhaeleachlainn, bean chéile Dhomhnaill mhic Mhurchadha Uí Fhearghail, taoiseach Mhuintir Anghaile, d'éag agus í daichead bliana d'aois. * ACM 1171.6. ''Tailltin, inghen Conchobhair Uí Maoil Sechlaind, ben Iomhair Uí Chathasaigh, tigherna Saithne.'' ==Tagairtí== {{reflist}} {{Scéalta miotaseolaíochta}} [[Catagóir:Tuatha Dé Danann]] kmq6qeucj3i7zjquhp54be0whktsw8w 0 90311 1318157 1315024 2026-06-21T06:22:32Z InternetArchiveBot 47196 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1318157 wikitext text/x-wiki {{WD Bosca Sonraí Duine}}[[Íomhá:St. Declan's Round Tower and Oratory, Ardmore, Co. Waterford.JPG|mion|Aird Mhórː téann an [[cloigtheach]] siar go dtí an [[10ú haois]] b'fhéidir agus an tsuíomh go dtí an 5ú haois<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=http://roundtowers.org/ardmore/index1.htm|teideal=Ardmore Irish Round Tower|work=roundtowers.org|dátarochtana=2019-07-24|archivedate=2008-05-05|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080505035524/http://roundtowers.org/ardmore/index1.htm}}</ref> ]] Áirítear '''Déaglán mac Eircc''' nó '''Deaglán na hAirde Móire''' ({{lang-la|Declanus}}, {{lang-en|Declan}}) mar [[Duine|dhuine]] de na [[Naomh|naoimh]] a bhí in [[Éire|Éirinn]] roimh theacht [[Naomh Pádraig]]. Deirtear go raibh an [[An Chríostaíocht|Chríostaíocht]] sna Déise sular tháinig Pádraig Naofa go hÉirinn, mar gheall ar an obair a bhí déanta ag Naomh Deaglán.<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.duchas.ie/ga/cbes/4428117/4379875/4463829|teideal=Naomh Déaglán i nDéiseach|language=ga|work=dúchas.ie|dátarochtana=2019-07-24}}</ref> Ba de shliocht uasal é.<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=http://www.cumannnasagart.ie/iuil/naomh-deaglan-easpag-iuil.html|teideal=Naomh Déaglán, easpag: Iúil 24 {{!}} Cumann na Sagart|work=www.cumannnasagart.ie|dátarochtana=2019-07-24|archivedate=2019-07-24|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190724204639/http://www.cumannnasagart.ie/iuil/naomh-deaglan-easpag-iuil.html}}</ref> Rinne Colmán, [[sagart]] áitiúil, é a bhaisteadh.<ref>Deirtear gur bhunaigh Naomh Colmán an Seanphobal i bhfad sular tháinig [[Naomh Pádraig]] go hÉirinn agus fiú sular tháinig Naomh Deaglán go dtí [[Aird Mhór]].</ref> Tar éis dó bheith ina dhalta ag a uncail cuireadh chuig Díoma é, “duine a chaith tréimhse fhada thar lear ag déanamh staidéir.” [[Íomhá:Ardmore St Declan Sculpture by Turlough Cowman 2015 09 15.jpg|clé|mion|177x177px|Deaglánː píosa [[Dealbhóireacht|dealbhóireachta]] le Turlough Cowman (2000)]] Níos déanaí chuaigh Déaglán go dtí an [[An Eoraip|Eoraip]] le leanúint ar aghaidh lena chuid staidéir agus oirníodh ina shagart ansin é, agus b’fhéidir ina [[easpag]]. Bhain sé faoi in [[Aird Mhór]] agus shíolaigh sé an [[creideamh]] i gceantar na n[[Gaeltacht na nDéise|Déise]]. Mhair cuid mhór fear agus ban faoina riail. [[Íomhá:Ardmore St. Declan’s Stone 2015 09 15.jpg|clé|mion|177x177px|An Charraig]] == Nósanna agus béaloideas == Ceiliúrtar Lá Fhéile Deaglán ar an [[24 Iúil|24 Iúil.]] De réir an [[Béaloideas|bhéaloidis]], ba é Naomh Deaglán a chéadbhaistigh [[Má Dheilge]] nó "Magh Dheilge" nuair a ghortaigh sé a [[Méar|mhéar]] agus é ag gabháil thart. == Tagairtí == {{reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Deaglán Naomh}} [[Catagóir:5ú haois]] [[Catagóir:Abaí Éireannacha]] [[Catagóir:An Mheánaois in Éirinn]] [[Catagóir:An Mheánaois Luath]] [[Catagóir:Caitlicigh Éireannacha]] [[Catagóir:Daoine as Contae Phort Láirge]] [[Catagóir:Daoine na Meánaoise]] [[Catagóir:Easpaig]] [[Catagóir:Gaeltacht na nDéise]] [[Catagóir:Misinéirí]] [[Catagóir:Naoimh Éireannacha]] [[Catagóir:Sagairt Chaitliceacha]] [[Catagóir:Sagairt Éireannacha]] ftnd8r0r31gy7yqypoz645uowzg4b91 2 90902 1318101 1318032 2026-06-20T14:51:24Z Marcas.oduinn 33120 /* Aonach */ 1318101 wikitext text/x-wiki [ [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Tionscadal|Tionscadal]] ] * [[Speisialta:Statistics]] (23/10/25 -> reatha) ** 134 -> {{NUMBEROFACTIVEUSERS}} duine ar bhonn rialta ** 62,524 -> {{NUMBEROFARTICLES}} alt * [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Teimpléid|Teimpléid]] atá ar fáil * [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Wikidata list|Wikidata list]]s * [[:Catagóir:Leathanaigh le luas-scrios]] * -[[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/An Féineachas|An Féineachas]]- * -[[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Réigiúin|Réigiúin]]- (an tAontas Eorpach, NUTS srl.) * -[[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Lochanna|Lochanna]]- * [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Comhshaol|Comhshaol]]/Timpeallacht * ([[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Tuamaí|Tuamaí]]) * ([[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Téamh Domhanda|Téamh Domhanda]]) * [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Scéalta|Scéalta]] * [[James Clarence Mangan]]=[[Séamus Ó Mangáin]], [[Carthach is Sine]], [[Áth Eine]], [[Cearbhall mac Lochlainn Ó Dálaigh]], [[Seán mac Fergail Óicc Ó hUiccinn]]=[[Seán mac Feargail Óig Ó hUiginn]] * [[Bailiúchán Egerton]] {| class=wikitable |- ! Dream !! Ríocht !! Ríthe |- | [[Laighin]] || [[Ríocht na Laighean]] || [[Ríthe na Laighean]] |- | colspan=2 | [[Connachta]] || [[Ríthe na gConnacht]] |- | [[Dáirine]] || [[Ríocht na Mumhan]] || [[Ríthe na Mumhan]] |- | colspan=2 | [[Ulaid]] || [[Ríthe na nUladh]] |} == Aonach == Tionól poiblí i nÉirinn ársa ba ea '''aonach''' (MeánGhaeilge '''óenach'''), gairthe nuair a d'éag [[rí]], [[banríon]], nó [[seanórach]] nó [[gaiscíoch]] mór le rá.<ref name=Nally2008 /> Tharlaíodh trí rud ag Aonach: * thugadh urraim dosna mairbh : leanadh an tsochraid ar aghaidh idir lá amháin nó trí lá, ag brath ar tábhacht an duine. Bhíodh [[gubha]]<ref name=guba /> á gcanadh ag gach éinne agus ansin [[ceapóg]]a<ref name=cepoc /> ag na [[draoi]]the. Dhódh ansin an duine marbh ar [[breocharn]]. * bhuailtí ríthe agus uaisliú ann, agus [[sos cogaidh]] ar siúl, chun [[an Féineachas|dlíthe]] a fhógairt agus a dhearbhú : chuireadh na dtithe i bhfeidhm ag an [[Ollamh Éireann]], agus lasadh sa deireadh tine mhór eile. * d'eagraítí [[cluichí sochraide]], siamsaíocht agus margadh mór : i dteannta leis an nós ''[[Cúitech Fuait]]''<ref name=cuitech /><ref name=fuat /> (airgid cróchair). Ba é an t-aonach iad mo le tá ná [[Aonach Tailteann]], faoi choimirce [[Ardrí na hÉireann]] agus muintir [[Uí Néill]]. Dar le scríbhneoirí meánaoiseacha, bunaíodh an t-aonach sa [[réamhstair]]. Bhíodh sé ar siúl ag [[Tailte]], i g[[Contae na Mí]] san lá atá inniu ann, chomh déanach is 1770. '' The compilers of the [[annála Éireann]] considered violence and disorders at this aonach, or the failure of the incumbent High King to hold the fair, to be of note. '' Eagraíodh [[Aonach Tailteann (athbheochan)|Aonach Tailteann]] ag [[Saorstát Éireann]] ón mbliain 1924 go dtí 1932. I measc aonach tábhachtach eile, bhí san áireamh: Cnoc [[Tlachtga]] ar siúl le linn [[Samhain|na Samhna]]; [[Carman]] i g[[Contae Loch Garman]]; [[Cnoc Uisnigh]] ar siúl le linn [[Bealtaine]]; agus Raigne san [[Osraige]]. Níor phágánach iad gach uile aonach. Bhí Aonach Colmáin, ar siúl is dócha i [[Lainn Eala]], ainmnithe as Naomh [[Colmán Eala]]. Sna 1920idí, eagraíodh 'Aonach an Gharda' chun aclaíocht agus cultúr Gaelach a chur chun cinn.<ref name=Hora2017 /> == Leabharliosta * {{citation | last=Byrne | first=Francis John | authorlink=Francis John Byrne | title=Irish Kings and High-Kings | publisher=Batsford | location=Londain | year=1973 | isbn=0713458828}} * {{citation | last=Charles-Edwards | first=T. M. | authorlink=T. M. Charles-Edwards | title=Early Christian Ireland | publisher=Cambridge University Press | year=2000 | location=Cambridge |isbn=0521363950}} * {{ citation | last=MacKillop | first=James | authorlink=James MacKillop | title=Oxford Dictionary of Celtic Mythology | publisher=Oxford University Press | location=Oxford | year=1998 | isbn=0198609671}} * {{citation | last=Ó Cróinín | first=Dáibhí | authorlink=Dáibhí Ó Cróinín | title=Early Medieval Ireland 400–1200 |year=1995 | series=Longman History of Ireland | publisher=Longman | location=Londain | isbn=0582015650}} == Naisc sheachtracha * Nally, T.H., [https://archive.org/details/aonactailteannta00nalliala The Aonac Tailteann and the Tailteann Games Their History and Ancient Associations] - Téacs iomlán ar archive.org * [https://cdn.poyntzpass.co.uk/Fairs_and_Assemblies_in_Ireland.pdf ''Fairs and Assemblies in Ireland''] == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = <ref name=Nally2008>{{cite book | author=T. H. Nally | title=The Aonac Tailteann and the Tailteann Games Their History and Ancient Associations | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SObPJ02EiwMC | access-date=31 July 2012 | year=2008 | publisher=Jesson Press | isbn=978-1409781899}}</ref> <ref name=guba>{{lua idirlín | url = https://dil.ie/26768 | teideal = guba | foilsitheoir = eDIL | dátarochtana = 12 Meitheamh 2026}}</ref> <ref name=cepoc>{{lua idirlín | url = https://dil.ie/8718 | teideal = cepóc | foilsitheoir = eDIL | dátarochtana = 12 Meitheamh 2026}}</ref> <ref name=cuitech>{{lua idirlín | url = https://dil.ie/13726 | teideal = 2 cúitech | foilsitheoir = eDIL | dátarochtana = 12 Meitheamh 2026}}</ref> <ref name=fuat>{{lua idirlín | url = https://dil.ie/24702 | teideal = 1 fúat | foilsitheoir = eDIL | dátarochtana = 12 Meitheamh 2026}}</ref> <ref name=Hora2017>{{cite book | last=Hora | first=Kevin | title=Propaganda and Nation Building Selling the Irish Free State | date=2017 | publisher=Taylor & Francis | page=125}}</ref> }} [[Catagóir:An tSean-Éire]] == Aonach Tailteann == The '''[[Aonach]] Tailteann''' was [[funeral games (antiquity)|funeral games]] associated with the semi-legendary history of [[History of Ireland|Pre-Christian Ireland]]. There is a complex of ancient [[Earthworks (archaeology)|earthworks]] dating to the [[Iron Age]] in the area of [[Teltown]] where the festival was historically known to be celebrated off and on from [[medieval times]] into the [[modern era]].<ref name="Nally2008">{{cite book| author=T. H. Nally| title=The Aonac Tailteann and the Tailteann Games, Their History and Ancient Associations| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SObPJ02EiwMC| access-date=31 July 2012| date=30 June 2008| publisher=Jesson Press| isbn=978-1-4097-8189-9}}</ref><ref>[http://www.independent.ie/sport/other-sports/tailteann-games-place-in-history-going-for-a-song-1037527.html Tailteann Games place in history going for a song] By Seán Diffley, ''Irish Independent'', Saturday July 14, 2007</ref><ref name="Quinn">{{Cite web |url=http://www.eirgridnortheastprojects.com/media/14.8%20Telltown%20Impact%20Assessment%20Report.pdf |title=Malcolm, Nigel., & Quinn, Billy., Teltown Impact Assessment Report, 2009. |access-date=14 August 2012 |archive-date=25 October 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141025210036/http://www.eirgridnortheastprojects.com/media/14.8%20Telltown%20Impact%20Assessment%20Report.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> ==History and archaeology The games were founded, according to the ''[[Book of Invasions]]'', by [[Lugh|Lugh Lámhfhada]], the [[Ollamh Érenn]] (master craftsman or doctor of the sciences), as a mourning ceremony for the death of his foster-mother [[Tailtiu]]. Lugh buried Tailtiu underneath a mound in an area that took her name and was later called [[Teltown|Tailteann]] in [[County Meath]].<ref>Lebor Gabála Érenn, original text edited and translated by R A Stewart Macalister, D. Litt, Part IV: Irish Texts Society, Volume 41, pp. 59, 115, 117, 149, 177, 179, London 1941. {{ISBN|1-870166-41-8}}.</ref> The event was held during the last fortnight of July and culminated with the celebration of [[Lughnasadh]], or [[Lammas]] Eve (1 August).<ref name="Keating1866">{{cite book| author=Geoffrey Keating| title=Foras feasa ar Eirinn ... The history of Ireland, tr. and annotated by J. O'Mahony| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cAEHAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA301| access-date=1 July 2012| year=1866| pages=301–}}</ref> Modern folklore claims that the Tailteann Games started around 1600 BC, with some sources claiming as far back as 1829 BC.<ref>{{cite book| author1=Tim Delaney| author2=Tim Madigan| title=The Sociology of Sports: An Introduction| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YEybKqyfVNwC&pg=PA42| access-date=12 August 2012| date=30 April 2009| publisher=McFarland| isbn=978-0-7864-4169-3| pages=42–}}</ref><ref>{{cite book| author=William H. Freeman| title=Physical Education, Exercise and Sport Science in a Changing Society| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gDN6Qimp7YIC&pg=PA80| access-date=12 August 2012| date=21 January 2011| publisher=Jones & Bartlett Publishers| isbn=978-0-7637-8157-6| pages=80–}}</ref><ref>{{cite book| author=Peter Matthews| title=Historical Dictionary of Track and Field| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dQFHe9RwE0wC&pg=PA2| access-date=12 August 2012| date=22 March 2012| publisher=Scarecrow Press| isbn=978-0-8108-6781-9| pages=2–}}</ref><ref>{{cite book| author1=Martin Connors| author2=Diane L. Dupuis| author3=Brad Morgan| title=The Olympics factbook: a spectator's guide to the winter and summer games| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CKFuAAAAMAAJ| access-date=12 August 2012| year=1992| publisher=Visible Ink| isbn=978-0-8103-9417-9}}</ref><ref name="Brown1985">{{cite book| author=Terence Brown| title=Ireland: a social and cultural history, 1922-1985, p. 82| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4FEGrCkdj-0C| access-date=11 August 2012| year=1985| publisher=Fontana Press| isbn=978-0-00-686082-2}}</ref><ref name="MellershWilliams1999">{{cite book| author1=H. E. L. Mellersh| author2=Neville Williams| title=Chronology of world history, p. 15| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PCcOAQAAMAAJ| access-date=1 August 2012| date=1 April 1999| publisher=ABC-CLIO| isbn=978-1-57607-155-7}}</ref><ref name="Incorporated2000">{{cite book| author=Grolier Incorporated| title=The Encyclopedia Americana, pp. 892 & 905| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IA01AAAAMAAJ| access-date=1 August 2012| year=2000| publisher=Grolier| isbn=978-0-7172-0133-4}}</ref> Promotional literature for the [[Gaelic Athletic Association]] revival of the games in 1924 claimed a later date of their foundation in 632 BC. The games were known to have been held between the 6th and 9th centuries AD.<ref name="Koch2006">{{cite book| author=John T. Koch| title=Celtic Culture: A Historical Encyclopedia| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=f899xH_quaMC&pg=PA777| access-date=31 July 2012| year=2006| publisher=ABC-CLIO| isbn=978-1-85109-440-0| pages=777–}}</ref> The games were held until 1169–1171 AD when they died out after the [[Norman invasion of Ireland|Norman invasion]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.theirishstory.com/2011/02/23/the-tailteann-games-1924-1936/|title=The Tailteann Games, 1924-1936|work=The Irish Story}}</ref><ref>Melvyn Watman, ''History of British Athletics''. Hale, London, 1968.</ref> The ancient Aonach had three functions: honoring the dead, proclaiming [[law]]s, and funeral games and festivities to entertain. The first function took between one and three days depending on the importance of the deceased. Guests would sing mourning chants called the ''Guba'', after which [[druid]]s would improvise ''[[Cepóg]]s'', songs in memory of the dead. The dead would then be burnt on a [[funeral pyre]]. The second function would then be carried out during a universal [[truce]] by the Ollamh Érenn, giving out laws to the people via [[bard]]s and druids and culminating in the igniting of another massive fire. The custom of rejoicing after a funeral was then enshrined in the ''[[Cuiteach Fuait]]'', games of mental and physical ability.<ref name="Nally2008"/> Games included the [[long jump]], [[high jump]], running, [[hurling]], [[spear]] throwing, [[boxing]], contests in [[swordfighting]], [[archery]], [[wrestling]], [[Swimming (sport)|swimming]], and [[chariot]] and [[horse racing]]. They also included competitions in [[strategy]], [[singing]], [[dancing]] and [[story-telling]], along with crafts competitions for [[goldsmith]]s, [[jeweller]]s, [[weaving|weavers]] and [[armourer]]s. Along with ensuring a [[meritocracy]], the games would also feature a mass [[arranged marriage]], where couples met for the first time and were given up to a year and a day to [[divorce]] on the hills of separation.<ref name="Nally2008"/> In later [[medieval]] times, the games were revived and called the Tailten Fair, consisting of contests of strength and skill, horse races, religious celebrations, and a traditional time for couples to contract "[[Handfasting (Neopaganism)|handfasting]]" trial marriages. "Taillten marriages" were legal up until the 13th century. This trial marriage practice is documented in the fourth and fifth volumes of the [[Brehon]] law texts, which are compilations of the opinions and judgements of the Brehon class of Druids (in this case, Irish). The texts as a whole deal with copious detail for the Insular Celts.<ref>O'Donovan, J., O'Curry, E., Hancock, W. N., O'Mahony, T., [[Alexander George Richey|Richey, A. G.]], [[William Maunsell Hennessy|Hennessy, W. M.]], & Atkinson, R. (eds.) (2000). ''Ancient laws of Ireland, published under direction of the Commissioners for Publishing the Ancient Laws and Institutes of Ireland.'' Buffalo, New York: W.S. Hein. {{ISBN|1-57588-572-7}}. (Originally published: Dublin: A. Thom, 1865-1901. Alternatively known as ''Hiberniae leges et institutiones antiquae''.)</ref> ==Modern revivals and legacy [[File:Fireworks at the First Tailteann Games August 15, 1924.jpg|thumb|Fireworks at the first Games, August 15, 1924]] {{main|Tailteann Games (Irish Free State)}} From the late nineteenth century, the [[Gaelic Athletic Association]] (GAA) and others in the [[Gaelic revival]] contemplated [[Tailteann Games (Irish Free State)|reviving the Tailteann Games]]. The GAA's 1888 championships [[1888 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship|of football]] and [[1888 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship|of hurling]] were unfinished owing to the [[American Invasion Tour]], an unsuccessful attempt to raise funds for a revival.<ref name="Cronin2007">{{cite journal|last=Cronin|first=Mike|year=2007|title=The Gaelic Athletic Association's Invasion of America, 1888: Travel Narratives, Microhistory and the Irish American 'Other'|journal=Sport in History|volume=27|issue=2|pages=190–216|issn=1746-0263|doi=10.1080/17460260701437011|s2cid=143931786}}</ref> The [[2nd Dáil]] approved a scheme in 1922,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://oireachtasdebates.oireachtas.ie/debates%20authoring/debateswebpack.nsf/takes/dail1922060800005 |title=Iomadoirí Iasachta|work=Second Dáil debates|publisher=8 June 1922|access-date=31 July 2017}}</ref> and after a delay caused by the [[Irish Civil War]] the first was held in 1924. Open to foreigners of Irish heritage, the first games of 1924 and 1928 attracted some competitors fresh from the Olympics in Paris and Amsterdam. The Games' main backer, minister [[J. J. Walsh]], lost office when [[Government of the 7th Dáil|Fianna Fáil took power]] after the [[1932 Irish general election|1932 election]], and public funding was cut. The 1932 games were on a smaller scale against a background of the [[Great Depression]] and the [[Anglo-Irish Trade War]], and no further games were held.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Cronin|first=Mike|year=2016|title=Projecting the Nation through Sport and Culture: Ireland, Aonach Tailteann and the Irish Free State, 1924-32|journal=Journal of Contemporary History|volume=38|issue=3|pages=395–411|issn=0022-0094|doi=10.1177/0022009403038003004 |jstor=3180644|s2cid=146215048}}</ref> [[Jack Fitzsimons]] suggested reviving the Tailteann Games in a 1985 [[Seanad Éireann]] debate on [[tourism in Ireland]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://oireachtasdebates.oireachtas.ie/debates%20authoring/debateswebpack.nsf/takes/seanad1985120500005#N143 |title=White Paper on Tourism Policy: Motion (Resumed) |last=Fitzsimons|first=Jack|date=5 December 1985 |work=Seanad Éireann Debates|publisher=Oireachtas |quote=Teltown is not far from Kells. The Tailteann games were world-renowned. They could be revived. There is great potential in this area. |no-pp=y|page=Vol.110 no.6 p.5 c.715 |access-date=2 August 2017}}</ref> The [[Rás Tailteann]] ("Tailteann race") cycling race was founded in 1953 by the [[National Cycling Association]] (NCA), in opposition to the [[Tour of Ireland]] organised by the rival [[Cumann Rothaíochta na hÉireann]] (CRÉ). [[Cycling Ireland]], the merged successor to both the NCA and CRÉ, still organises the Rás Tailteann annually, but it is usually known as "the [sponsor] Rás", or simply "the Rás".<ref>{{cite press release |url=http://www.cyclingireland.ie/cycling-news-item/donegal-ras-cycling-team/236|title=Donegal Ras Cycling Team|date=13 May 2014 |quote=This is the fourth year of An Post's sponsorship of the celebrated Rás Tailteann, which is more commonly known as The Rás.|publisher=Cycling Ireland|access-date=1 August 2017}}</ref> The Irish Secondary Schools Athletic Association organised annual national championships from 1963 under the name "Junior Tailteann Games".<ref name="athleticsireland2005">{{cite web|url=http://www.athleticsireland.ie/downloads/other/Schools_ROH_1916-MASTER8thMay.pdf#page=2 |format=PDF|title=Irish Schools Athletics Champions 1916-2015|date=8 May 2015|page=2|access-date=1 August 2017}}</ref> [[Athletics Ireland]] continues to use the name "Tailteann Games" for its annual schools inter-[[Provinces of Ireland|provincial]] championships.<ref name="athleticsireland2005"/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.athleticsireland.ie/news/tailteann-games-provide-another-thrilling-spectacle/|title=Tailteann Games provide another thrilling spectacle|date=26 June 2017|publisher=Athletics Ireland|access-date=1 August 2017}}</ref> also independently the tailteann games are an inter-[[gaeltacht]] event that includes other activities.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.irishcentral.com/roots/history/tailteann-games-athletics|title=Incredible images from the Tailteann Games, the ancient Irish predecessor to the Olympics|date=4 May 2018}}</ref> The [[Gaelic Athletic Association]]'s (GAA) [[Tailteann Cup]], established in 2022, takes its name from the ancient games.<ref>{{cite news |title=Tailteann Cup Q&A |url=https://www.irishtimes.com/sport/gaelic-games/tailteann-cup-q-a-1.4880097 |work=[[The Irish Times]]}}</ref> [[Páirc Tailteann]], a GAA stadium in [[Navan]], County Meath, also takes its name from the games. ==See also * [[Tailteann Games (Irish Free State)]], a revival held 1924–1932 * Tailteann Games of [[Athletics Ireland]], a revival since 1963 in the form of schools' inter-provincial championships * [[Ancient Olympic Games]], a similar tradition in classical Greece, c. 776 BC – 393 AD ==Annalistic references See [[Annals of Inisfallen]] * ''AI875.1 Kl. Muiredach son of Bran, king of Laigin, harried UíNéill as far as Sliab Fuait, and the Fair of Tailltiu was held.'' ==Sources * [[Lewis Spence]], ''The History and Origins of Druidism'' * [[Elizabeth Pepper]] and [[John Wilcock]], ''Magical and Mystical Sites'' ==External links {{wikisource|Folk-Lore/Volume 31/The Marriages of the Gods at the Sanctuary of Tailltiu}} * [https://archive.org/details/aonactailteannta00nalliala Nally, T.H., The Aonac Tailteann and the Tailteann Games Their History and Ancient Associations - Full text on archive.org] == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = }} [[Catagóir:Miotaseolaíocht na nGael]] [[Catagóir:An Mheánaois in Éirinn]] [[Category:Lugh]] == Buntásc== __NOINDEX__ __NOTOC__ da6akyq4zjtv4iia8ml8z99bqsgmp5r 1318106 1318101 2026-06-20T15:32:05Z Marcas.oduinn 33120 /* Aonach */ 1318106 wikitext text/x-wiki [ [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Tionscadal|Tionscadal]] ] * [[Speisialta:Statistics]] (23/10/25 -> reatha) ** 134 -> {{NUMBEROFACTIVEUSERS}} duine ar bhonn rialta ** 62,524 -> {{NUMBEROFARTICLES}} alt * [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Teimpléid|Teimpléid]] atá ar fáil * [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Wikidata list|Wikidata list]]s * [[:Catagóir:Leathanaigh le luas-scrios]] * -[[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/An Féineachas|An Féineachas]]- * -[[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Réigiúin|Réigiúin]]- (an tAontas Eorpach, NUTS srl.) * -[[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Lochanna|Lochanna]]- * [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Comhshaol|Comhshaol]]/Timpeallacht * ([[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Tuamaí|Tuamaí]]) * ([[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Téamh Domhanda|Téamh Domhanda]]) * [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Scéalta|Scéalta]] * [[James Clarence Mangan]]=[[Séamus Ó Mangáin]], [[Carthach is Sine]], [[Áth Eine]], [[Cearbhall mac Lochlainn Ó Dálaigh]], [[Seán mac Fergail Óicc Ó hUiccinn]]=[[Seán mac Feargail Óig Ó hUiginn]] * [[Bailiúchán Egerton]] {| class=wikitable |- ! Dream !! Ríocht !! Ríthe |- | [[Laighin]] || [[Ríocht na Laighean]] || [[Ríthe na Laighean]] |- | colspan=2 | [[Connachta]] || [[Ríthe na gConnacht]] |- | [[Dáirine]] || [[Ríocht na Mumhan]] || [[Ríthe na Mumhan]] |- | colspan=2 | [[Ulaid]] || [[Ríthe na nUladh]] |} == Aonach == Tionól poiblí i nÉirinn ársa ba ea '''aonach''' (MeánGhaeilge '''óenach'''), gairthe nuair a d'éag [[rí]], [[banríon]], nó [[seanórach]] nó [[gaiscíoch]] mór le rá.<ref name=Nally2008 /> Tharlaíodh trí rud ag Aonach: * thugadh urraim dosna mairbh : leanadh an tsochraid ar aghaidh idir lá amháin nó trí lá, ag brath ar tábhacht an duine. Bhíodh [[gubha]]<ref name=guba /> á gcanadh ag gach éinne agus ansin [[ceapóg]]a<ref name=cepoc /> ag na [[draoi]]the. Dhódh ansin an duine marbh ar [[breocharn]]. * bhuailtí ríthe agus uaisliú ann, agus [[sos cogaidh]] ar siúl, chun [[an Féineachas|dlíthe]] a fhógairt agus a dhearbhú : chuireadh na dtithe i bhfeidhm ag an [[Ollamh Éireann]], agus lasadh sa deireadh tine mhór eile. * d'eagraítí [[cluichí sochraide]], siamsaíocht agus margadh mór : i dteannta leis an nós ''[[Cúitech Fuait]]''<ref name=cuitech /><ref name=fuat /> (airgid cróchair). Ba é an t-aonach iad mo le tá ná [[Aonach Tailteann]], faoi choimirce [[Ardrí na hÉireann]] agus muintir [[Uí Néill]]. Dar le scríbhneoirí meánaoiseacha, bunaíodh an t-aonach sa [[réamhstair]]. Bhíodh sé ar siúl ag [[Tailte]], i g[[Contae na Mí]] san lá atá inniu ann, chomh déanach is 1770. Thugadh tiomsaitheoirí na [[annála Éireann|n-annál]] aird ar leith foréigean agus achrann ag ag aonach, nó teip an ardrí an t-aonach a chur ar siúl. I measc aonach tábhachtach eile, bhí san áireamh: Cnoc [[Tlachta]] ar siúl le linn [[Samhain|na Samhna]]; [[Carman]] i g[[Contae Loch Garman]]; [[Cnoc Uisnigh]] ar siúl le linn [[Bealtaine]]; agus Raigne san [[Osraige]]. Níor phágánach iad gach uile aonach. Bhí Aonach Colmáin, ar siúl is dócha i [[Lainn Eala]], ainmnithe as Naomh [[Colmán Eala]]. Eagraíodh [[Aonach Tailteann (athbheochan)|Aonach Tailteann]] ag [[Saorstát Éireann]] ón mbliain 1924 go dtí 1932. I dteannta sin sna 1920idí, eagraíodh 'Aonach an Gharda' chun aclaíocht agus cultúr Gaelach a chur chun cinn.<ref name=Hora2017 /> == Leabharliosta * {{citation | last=Byrne | first=Francis John | authorlink=Francis John Byrne | title=Irish Kings and High-Kings | publisher=Batsford | location=Londain | year=1973 | isbn=0713458828}} * {{citation | last=Charles-Edwards | first=T. M. | authorlink=T. M. Charles-Edwards | title=Early Christian Ireland | publisher=Cambridge University Press | year=2000 | location=Cambridge |isbn=0521363950}} * {{ citation | last=MacKillop | first=James | authorlink=James MacKillop | title=Oxford Dictionary of Celtic Mythology | publisher=Oxford University Press | location=Oxford | year=1998 | isbn=0198609671}} * {{citation | last=Ó Cróinín | first=Dáibhí | authorlink=Dáibhí Ó Cróinín | title=Early Medieval Ireland 400–1200 |year=1995 | series=Longman History of Ireland | publisher=Longman | location=Londain | isbn=0582015650}} == Naisc sheachtracha * Nally, T.H., [https://archive.org/details/aonactailteannta00nalliala The Aonac Tailteann and the Tailteann Games Their History and Ancient Associations] - Téacs iomlán ar archive.org * [https://cdn.poyntzpass.co.uk/Fairs_and_Assemblies_in_Ireland.pdf ''Fairs and Assemblies in Ireland''] == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = <ref name=Nally2008>{{cite book | author=T. H. Nally | title=The Aonac Tailteann and the Tailteann Games Their History and Ancient Associations | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SObPJ02EiwMC | access-date=31 July 2012 | year=2008 | publisher=Jesson Press | isbn=978-1409781899}}</ref> <ref name=guba>{{lua idirlín | url = https://dil.ie/26768 | teideal = guba | foilsitheoir = eDIL | dátarochtana = 12 Meitheamh 2026}}</ref> <ref name=cepoc>{{lua idirlín | url = https://dil.ie/8718 | teideal = cepóc | foilsitheoir = eDIL | dátarochtana = 12 Meitheamh 2026}}</ref> <ref name=cuitech>{{lua idirlín | url = https://dil.ie/13726 | teideal = 2 cúitech | foilsitheoir = eDIL | dátarochtana = 12 Meitheamh 2026}}</ref> <ref name=fuat>{{lua idirlín | url = https://dil.ie/24702 | teideal = 1 fúat | foilsitheoir = eDIL | dátarochtana = 12 Meitheamh 2026}}</ref> <ref name=Hora2017>{{cite book | last=Hora | first=Kevin | title=Propaganda and Nation Building Selling the Irish Free State | date=2017 | publisher=Taylor & Francis | page=125}}</ref> }} [[Catagóir:An tSean-Éire]] == Aonach Tailteann == The '''[[Aonach]] Tailteann''' was [[funeral games (antiquity)|funeral games]] associated with the semi-legendary history of [[History of Ireland|Pre-Christian Ireland]]. There is a complex of ancient [[Earthworks (archaeology)|earthworks]] dating to the [[Iron Age]] in the area of [[Teltown]] where the festival was historically known to be celebrated off and on from [[medieval times]] into the [[modern era]].<ref name="Nally2008">{{cite book| author=T. H. Nally| title=The Aonac Tailteann and the Tailteann Games, Their History and Ancient Associations| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SObPJ02EiwMC| access-date=31 July 2012| date=30 June 2008| publisher=Jesson Press| isbn=978-1-4097-8189-9}}</ref><ref>[http://www.independent.ie/sport/other-sports/tailteann-games-place-in-history-going-for-a-song-1037527.html Tailteann Games place in history going for a song] By Seán Diffley, ''Irish Independent'', Saturday July 14, 2007</ref><ref name="Quinn">{{Cite web |url=http://www.eirgridnortheastprojects.com/media/14.8%20Telltown%20Impact%20Assessment%20Report.pdf |title=Malcolm, Nigel., & Quinn, Billy., Teltown Impact Assessment Report, 2009. |access-date=14 August 2012 |archive-date=25 October 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141025210036/http://www.eirgridnortheastprojects.com/media/14.8%20Telltown%20Impact%20Assessment%20Report.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> ==History and archaeology The games were founded, according to the ''[[Book of Invasions]]'', by [[Lugh|Lugh Lámhfhada]], the [[Ollamh Érenn]] (master craftsman or doctor of the sciences), as a mourning ceremony for the death of his foster-mother [[Tailtiu]]. Lugh buried Tailtiu underneath a mound in an area that took her name and was later called [[Teltown|Tailteann]] in [[County Meath]].<ref>Lebor Gabála Érenn, original text edited and translated by R A Stewart Macalister, D. Litt, Part IV: Irish Texts Society, Volume 41, pp. 59, 115, 117, 149, 177, 179, London 1941. {{ISBN|1-870166-41-8}}.</ref> The event was held during the last fortnight of July and culminated with the celebration of [[Lughnasadh]], or [[Lammas]] Eve (1 August).<ref name="Keating1866">{{cite book| author=Geoffrey Keating| title=Foras feasa ar Eirinn ... The history of Ireland, tr. and annotated by J. O'Mahony| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cAEHAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA301| access-date=1 July 2012| year=1866| pages=301–}}</ref> Modern folklore claims that the Tailteann Games started around 1600 BC, with some sources claiming as far back as 1829 BC.<ref>{{cite book| author1=Tim Delaney| author2=Tim Madigan| title=The Sociology of Sports: An Introduction| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YEybKqyfVNwC&pg=PA42| access-date=12 August 2012| date=30 April 2009| publisher=McFarland| isbn=978-0-7864-4169-3| pages=42–}}</ref><ref>{{cite book| author=William H. Freeman| title=Physical Education, Exercise and Sport Science in a Changing Society| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gDN6Qimp7YIC&pg=PA80| access-date=12 August 2012| date=21 January 2011| publisher=Jones & Bartlett Publishers| isbn=978-0-7637-8157-6| pages=80–}}</ref><ref>{{cite book| author=Peter Matthews| title=Historical Dictionary of Track and Field| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dQFHe9RwE0wC&pg=PA2| access-date=12 August 2012| date=22 March 2012| publisher=Scarecrow Press| isbn=978-0-8108-6781-9| pages=2–}}</ref><ref>{{cite book| author1=Martin Connors| author2=Diane L. Dupuis| author3=Brad Morgan| title=The Olympics factbook: a spectator's guide to the winter and summer games| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CKFuAAAAMAAJ| access-date=12 August 2012| year=1992| publisher=Visible Ink| isbn=978-0-8103-9417-9}}</ref><ref name="Brown1985">{{cite book| author=Terence Brown| title=Ireland: a social and cultural history, 1922-1985, p. 82| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4FEGrCkdj-0C| access-date=11 August 2012| year=1985| publisher=Fontana Press| isbn=978-0-00-686082-2}}</ref><ref name="MellershWilliams1999">{{cite book| author1=H. E. L. Mellersh| author2=Neville Williams| title=Chronology of world history, p. 15| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PCcOAQAAMAAJ| access-date=1 August 2012| date=1 April 1999| publisher=ABC-CLIO| isbn=978-1-57607-155-7}}</ref><ref name="Incorporated2000">{{cite book| author=Grolier Incorporated| title=The Encyclopedia Americana, pp. 892 & 905| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IA01AAAAMAAJ| access-date=1 August 2012| year=2000| publisher=Grolier| isbn=978-0-7172-0133-4}}</ref> Promotional literature for the [[Gaelic Athletic Association]] revival of the games in 1924 claimed a later date of their foundation in 632 BC. The games were known to have been held between the 6th and 9th centuries AD.<ref name="Koch2006">{{cite book| author=John T. Koch| title=Celtic Culture: A Historical Encyclopedia| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=f899xH_quaMC&pg=PA777| access-date=31 July 2012| year=2006| publisher=ABC-CLIO| isbn=978-1-85109-440-0| pages=777–}}</ref> The games were held until 1169–1171 AD when they died out after the [[Norman invasion of Ireland|Norman invasion]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.theirishstory.com/2011/02/23/the-tailteann-games-1924-1936/|title=The Tailteann Games, 1924-1936|work=The Irish Story}}</ref><ref>Melvyn Watman, ''History of British Athletics''. Hale, London, 1968.</ref> The ancient Aonach had three functions: honoring the dead, proclaiming [[law]]s, and funeral games and festivities to entertain. The first function took between one and three days depending on the importance of the deceased. Guests would sing mourning chants called the ''Guba'', after which [[druid]]s would improvise ''[[Cepóg]]s'', songs in memory of the dead. The dead would then be burnt on a [[funeral pyre]]. The second function would then be carried out during a universal [[truce]] by the Ollamh Érenn, giving out laws to the people via [[bard]]s and druids and culminating in the igniting of another massive fire. The custom of rejoicing after a funeral was then enshrined in the ''[[Cuiteach Fuait]]'', games of mental and physical ability.<ref name="Nally2008"/> Games included the [[long jump]], [[high jump]], running, [[hurling]], [[spear]] throwing, [[boxing]], contests in [[swordfighting]], [[archery]], [[wrestling]], [[Swimming (sport)|swimming]], and [[chariot]] and [[horse racing]]. They also included competitions in [[strategy]], [[singing]], [[dancing]] and [[story-telling]], along with crafts competitions for [[goldsmith]]s, [[jeweller]]s, [[weaving|weavers]] and [[armourer]]s. Along with ensuring a [[meritocracy]], the games would also feature a mass [[arranged marriage]], where couples met for the first time and were given up to a year and a day to [[divorce]] on the hills of separation.<ref name="Nally2008"/> In later [[medieval]] times, the games were revived and called the Tailten Fair, consisting of contests of strength and skill, horse races, religious celebrations, and a traditional time for couples to contract "[[Handfasting (Neopaganism)|handfasting]]" trial marriages. "Taillten marriages" were legal up until the 13th century. This trial marriage practice is documented in the fourth and fifth volumes of the [[Brehon]] law texts, which are compilations of the opinions and judgements of the Brehon class of Druids (in this case, Irish). The texts as a whole deal with copious detail for the Insular Celts.<ref>O'Donovan, J., O'Curry, E., Hancock, W. N., O'Mahony, T., [[Alexander George Richey|Richey, A. G.]], [[William Maunsell Hennessy|Hennessy, W. M.]], & Atkinson, R. (eds.) (2000). ''Ancient laws of Ireland, published under direction of the Commissioners for Publishing the Ancient Laws and Institutes of Ireland.'' Buffalo, New York: W.S. Hein. {{ISBN|1-57588-572-7}}. (Originally published: Dublin: A. Thom, 1865-1901. Alternatively known as ''Hiberniae leges et institutiones antiquae''.)</ref> ==Modern revivals and legacy [[File:Fireworks at the First Tailteann Games August 15, 1924.jpg|thumb|Fireworks at the first Games, August 15, 1924]] {{main|Tailteann Games (Irish Free State)}} From the late nineteenth century, the [[Gaelic Athletic Association]] (GAA) and others in the [[Gaelic revival]] contemplated [[Tailteann Games (Irish Free State)|reviving the Tailteann Games]]. The GAA's 1888 championships [[1888 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship|of football]] and [[1888 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship|of hurling]] were unfinished owing to the [[American Invasion Tour]], an unsuccessful attempt to raise funds for a revival.<ref name="Cronin2007">{{cite journal|last=Cronin|first=Mike|year=2007|title=The Gaelic Athletic Association's Invasion of America, 1888: Travel Narratives, Microhistory and the Irish American 'Other'|journal=Sport in History|volume=27|issue=2|pages=190–216|issn=1746-0263|doi=10.1080/17460260701437011|s2cid=143931786}}</ref> The [[2nd Dáil]] approved a scheme in 1922,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://oireachtasdebates.oireachtas.ie/debates%20authoring/debateswebpack.nsf/takes/dail1922060800005 |title=Iomadoirí Iasachta|work=Second Dáil debates|publisher=8 June 1922|access-date=31 July 2017}}</ref> and after a delay caused by the [[Irish Civil War]] the first was held in 1924. Open to foreigners of Irish heritage, the first games of 1924 and 1928 attracted some competitors fresh from the Olympics in Paris and Amsterdam. The Games' main backer, minister [[J. J. Walsh]], lost office when [[Government of the 7th Dáil|Fianna Fáil took power]] after the [[1932 Irish general election|1932 election]], and public funding was cut. The 1932 games were on a smaller scale against a background of the [[Great Depression]] and the [[Anglo-Irish Trade War]], and no further games were held.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Cronin|first=Mike|year=2016|title=Projecting the Nation through Sport and Culture: Ireland, Aonach Tailteann and the Irish Free State, 1924-32|journal=Journal of Contemporary History|volume=38|issue=3|pages=395–411|issn=0022-0094|doi=10.1177/0022009403038003004 |jstor=3180644|s2cid=146215048}}</ref> [[Jack Fitzsimons]] suggested reviving the Tailteann Games in a 1985 [[Seanad Éireann]] debate on [[tourism in Ireland]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://oireachtasdebates.oireachtas.ie/debates%20authoring/debateswebpack.nsf/takes/seanad1985120500005#N143 |title=White Paper on Tourism Policy: Motion (Resumed) |last=Fitzsimons|first=Jack|date=5 December 1985 |work=Seanad Éireann Debates|publisher=Oireachtas |quote=Teltown is not far from Kells. The Tailteann games were world-renowned. They could be revived. There is great potential in this area. |no-pp=y|page=Vol.110 no.6 p.5 c.715 |access-date=2 August 2017}}</ref> The [[Rás Tailteann]] ("Tailteann race") cycling race was founded in 1953 by the [[National Cycling Association]] (NCA), in opposition to the [[Tour of Ireland]] organised by the rival [[Cumann Rothaíochta na hÉireann]] (CRÉ). [[Cycling Ireland]], the merged successor to both the NCA and CRÉ, still organises the Rás Tailteann annually, but it is usually known as "the [sponsor] Rás", or simply "the Rás".<ref>{{cite press release |url=http://www.cyclingireland.ie/cycling-news-item/donegal-ras-cycling-team/236|title=Donegal Ras Cycling Team|date=13 May 2014 |quote=This is the fourth year of An Post's sponsorship of the celebrated Rás Tailteann, which is more commonly known as The Rás.|publisher=Cycling Ireland|access-date=1 August 2017}}</ref> The Irish Secondary Schools Athletic Association organised annual national championships from 1963 under the name "Junior Tailteann Games".<ref name="athleticsireland2005">{{cite web|url=http://www.athleticsireland.ie/downloads/other/Schools_ROH_1916-MASTER8thMay.pdf#page=2 |format=PDF|title=Irish Schools Athletics Champions 1916-2015|date=8 May 2015|page=2|access-date=1 August 2017}}</ref> [[Athletics Ireland]] continues to use the name "Tailteann Games" for its annual schools inter-[[Provinces of Ireland|provincial]] championships.<ref name="athleticsireland2005"/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.athleticsireland.ie/news/tailteann-games-provide-another-thrilling-spectacle/|title=Tailteann Games provide another thrilling spectacle|date=26 June 2017|publisher=Athletics Ireland|access-date=1 August 2017}}</ref> also independently the tailteann games are an inter-[[gaeltacht]] event that includes other activities.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.irishcentral.com/roots/history/tailteann-games-athletics|title=Incredible images from the Tailteann Games, the ancient Irish predecessor to the Olympics|date=4 May 2018}}</ref> The [[Gaelic Athletic Association]]'s (GAA) [[Tailteann Cup]], established in 2022, takes its name from the ancient games.<ref>{{cite news |title=Tailteann Cup Q&A |url=https://www.irishtimes.com/sport/gaelic-games/tailteann-cup-q-a-1.4880097 |work=[[The Irish Times]]}}</ref> [[Páirc Tailteann]], a GAA stadium in [[Navan]], County Meath, also takes its name from the games. ==See also * [[Tailteann Games (Irish Free State)]], a revival held 1924–1932 * Tailteann Games of [[Athletics Ireland]], a revival since 1963 in the form of schools' inter-provincial championships * [[Ancient Olympic Games]], a similar tradition in classical Greece, c. 776 BC – 393 AD ==Annalistic references See [[Annals of Inisfallen]] * ''AI875.1 Kl. Muiredach son of Bran, king of Laigin, harried UíNéill as far as Sliab Fuait, and the Fair of Tailltiu was held.'' ==Sources * [[Lewis Spence]], ''The History and Origins of Druidism'' * [[Elizabeth Pepper]] and [[John Wilcock]], ''Magical and Mystical Sites'' ==External links {{wikisource|Folk-Lore/Volume 31/The Marriages of the Gods at the Sanctuary of Tailltiu}} * [https://archive.org/details/aonactailteannta00nalliala Nally, T.H., The Aonac Tailteann and the Tailteann Games Their History and Ancient Associations - Full text on archive.org] == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = }} [[Catagóir:Miotaseolaíocht na nGael]] [[Catagóir:An Mheánaois in Éirinn]] [[Category:Lugh]] == Buntásc== __NOINDEX__ __NOTOC__ jpmv0k9nemjok7fvuvqi7m4p1adzsfx 1318108 1318106 2026-06-20T17:59:23Z Marcas.oduinn 33120 /* Aonach */ 1318108 wikitext text/x-wiki [ [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Tionscadal|Tionscadal]] ] * [[Speisialta:Statistics]] (23/10/25 -> reatha) ** 134 -> {{NUMBEROFACTIVEUSERS}} duine ar bhonn rialta ** 62,524 -> {{NUMBEROFARTICLES}} alt * [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Teimpléid|Teimpléid]] atá ar fáil * [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Wikidata list|Wikidata list]]s * [[:Catagóir:Leathanaigh le luas-scrios]] * -[[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/An Féineachas|An Féineachas]]- * -[[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Réigiúin|Réigiúin]]- (an tAontas Eorpach, NUTS srl.) * -[[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Lochanna|Lochanna]]- * [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Comhshaol|Comhshaol]]/Timpeallacht * ([[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Tuamaí|Tuamaí]]) * ([[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Téamh Domhanda|Téamh Domhanda]]) * [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Scéalta|Scéalta]] * [[James Clarence Mangan]]=[[Séamus Ó Mangáin]], [[Carthach is Sine]], [[Áth Eine]], [[Cearbhall mac Lochlainn Ó Dálaigh]], [[Seán mac Fergail Óicc Ó hUiccinn]]=[[Seán mac Feargail Óig Ó hUiginn]] * [[Bailiúchán Egerton]] {| class=wikitable |- ! Dream !! Ríocht !! Ríthe |- | [[Laighin]] || [[Ríocht na Laighean]] || [[Ríthe na Laighean]] |- | colspan=2 | [[Connachta]] || [[Ríthe na gConnacht]] |- | [[Dáirine]] || [[Ríocht na Mumhan]] || [[Ríthe na Mumhan]] |- | colspan=2 | [[Ulaid]] || [[Ríthe na nUladh]] |} == Aonach == Tionól poiblí i nÉirinn ársa ba ea '''aonach''' (MeánGhaeilge '''óenach'''), gairthe nuair a d'éag [[rí]], [[banríon]], nó [[seanórach]] nó [[gaiscíoch]] mór le rá.<ref name=Nally2008 /> Tharlaíodh trí rud ag Aonach: * thugadh urraim dosna mairbh : leanadh an tsochraid ar aghaidh idir lá amháin nó trí lá, ag brath ar tábhacht an duine. Bhíodh [[gubha]]<ref name=guba /> á gcanadh ag gach éinne agus ansin [[ceapóg]]a<ref name=cepoc /> ag na [[draoi]]the. Dhódh ansin an duine marbh ar [[breocharn]]. * bhuailtí ríthe agus uaisliú ann, agus [[sos cogaidh]] ar siúl, chun [[an Féineachas|dlíthe]] a fhógairt agus a dhearbhú : chuireadh na dlíthe i bhfeidhm ag an [[Ollamh Éireann]], agus lasadh sa deireadh tine mhór eile. * d'eagraítí [[cluichí sochraide]], siamsaíocht agus margadh mór : i dteannta leis an nós ''[[Cúitech Fuait]]''<ref name=cuitech /><ref name=fuat /> (airgid cróchair). Ba é an t-aonach iad mo le tá ná [[Aonach Tailteann]], faoi choimirce [[Ardrí na hÉireann]] agus muintir [[Uí Néill]]. Dar le scríbhneoirí meánaoiseacha, bunaíodh an t-aonach sa [[réamhstair]]. Bhíodh sé ar siúl ag [[Tailte]], i g[[Contae na Mí]] san lá atá inniu ann, chomh déanach is 1770. Thugadh tiomsaitheoirí na [[annála Éireann|n-annál]] aird ar leith foréigean agus achrann ag ag aonach, nó teip an ardrí an t-aonach a chur ar siúl. I measc aonach tábhachtach eile, bhí san áireamh: Cnoc [[Tlachta]] ar siúl le linn [[Samhain|na Samhna]]; [[Carman]] i g[[Contae Loch Garman]]; [[Cnoc Uisnigh]] ar siúl le linn [[Bealtaine]]; agus Raigne san [[Osraige]]. Níor phágánach iad gach uile aonach. Bhí Aonach Colmáin, ar siúl is dócha i [[Lainn Eala]], ainmnithe as Naomh [[Colmán Eala]]. Eagraíodh [[Aonach Tailteann (athbheochan)|Aonach Tailteann]] ag [[Saorstát Éireann]] ón mbliain 1924 go dtí 1932. I dteannta sin, sna 1920idí eagraíodh 'Aonach an Gharda' chun aclaíocht agus cultúr Gaelach a chur chun cinn.<ref name=Hora2017 /> == Leabharliosta * {{citation | last=Byrne | first=Francis John | authorlink=Francis John Byrne | title=Irish Kings and High-Kings | publisher=Batsford | location=Londain | year=1973 | isbn=0713458828}} * {{citation | last=Charles-Edwards | first=T. M. | authorlink=T. M. Charles-Edwards | title=Early Christian Ireland | publisher=Cambridge University Press | year=2000 | location=Cambridge |isbn=0521363950}} * {{ citation | last=MacKillop | first=James | authorlink=James MacKillop | title=Oxford Dictionary of Celtic Mythology | publisher=Oxford University Press | location=Oxford | year=1998 | isbn=0198609671}} * {{citation | last=Ó Cróinín | first=Dáibhí | authorlink=Dáibhí Ó Cróinín | title=Early Medieval Ireland 400–1200 |year=1995 | series=Longman History of Ireland | publisher=Longman | location=Londain | isbn=0582015650}} == Naisc sheachtracha * Nally, T.H., [https://archive.org/details/aonactailteannta00nalliala The Aonac Tailteann and the Tailteann Games Their History and Ancient Associations] - Téacs iomlán ar archive.org * [https://cdn.poyntzpass.co.uk/Fairs_and_Assemblies_in_Ireland.pdf ''Fairs and Assemblies in Ireland''] == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = <ref name=Nally2008>{{cite book | author=T. H. Nally | title=The Aonac Tailteann and the Tailteann Games Their History and Ancient Associations | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SObPJ02EiwMC | access-date=31 July 2012 | year=2008 | publisher=Jesson Press | isbn=978-1409781899}}</ref> <ref name=guba>{{lua idirlín | url = https://dil.ie/26768 | teideal = guba | foilsitheoir = eDIL | dátarochtana = 12 Meitheamh 2026}}</ref> <ref name=cepoc>{{lua idirlín | url = https://dil.ie/8718 | teideal = cepóc | foilsitheoir = eDIL | dátarochtana = 12 Meitheamh 2026}}</ref> <ref name=cuitech>{{lua idirlín | url = https://dil.ie/13726 | teideal = 2 cúitech | foilsitheoir = eDIL | dátarochtana = 12 Meitheamh 2026}}</ref> <ref name=fuat>{{lua idirlín | url = https://dil.ie/24702 | teideal = 1 fúat | foilsitheoir = eDIL | dátarochtana = 12 Meitheamh 2026}}</ref> <ref name=Hora2017>{{cite book | last=Hora | first=Kevin | title=Propaganda and Nation Building Selling the Irish Free State | date=2017 | publisher=Taylor & Francis | page=125}}</ref> }} [[Catagóir:An tSean-Éire]] == Aonach Tailteann == The '''[[Aonach]] Tailteann''' was [[funeral games (antiquity)|funeral games]] associated with the semi-legendary history of [[History of Ireland|Pre-Christian Ireland]]. There is a complex of ancient [[Earthworks (archaeology)|earthworks]] dating to the [[Iron Age]] in the area of [[Teltown]] where the festival was historically known to be celebrated off and on from [[medieval times]] into the [[modern era]].<ref name="Nally2008">{{cite book| author=T. H. Nally| title=The Aonac Tailteann and the Tailteann Games, Their History and Ancient Associations| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SObPJ02EiwMC| access-date=31 July 2012| date=30 June 2008| publisher=Jesson Press| isbn=978-1-4097-8189-9}}</ref><ref>[http://www.independent.ie/sport/other-sports/tailteann-games-place-in-history-going-for-a-song-1037527.html Tailteann Games place in history going for a song] By Seán Diffley, ''Irish Independent'', Saturday July 14, 2007</ref><ref name="Quinn">{{Cite web |url=http://www.eirgridnortheastprojects.com/media/14.8%20Telltown%20Impact%20Assessment%20Report.pdf |title=Malcolm, Nigel., & Quinn, Billy., Teltown Impact Assessment Report, 2009. |access-date=14 August 2012 |archive-date=25 October 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141025210036/http://www.eirgridnortheastprojects.com/media/14.8%20Telltown%20Impact%20Assessment%20Report.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> ==History and archaeology The games were founded, according to the ''[[Book of Invasions]]'', by [[Lugh|Lugh Lámhfhada]], the [[Ollamh Érenn]] (master craftsman or doctor of the sciences), as a mourning ceremony for the death of his foster-mother [[Tailtiu]]. Lugh buried Tailtiu underneath a mound in an area that took her name and was later called [[Teltown|Tailteann]] in [[County Meath]].<ref>Lebor Gabála Érenn, original text edited and translated by R A Stewart Macalister, D. Litt, Part IV: Irish Texts Society, Volume 41, pp. 59, 115, 117, 149, 177, 179, London 1941. {{ISBN|1-870166-41-8}}.</ref> The event was held during the last fortnight of July and culminated with the celebration of [[Lughnasadh]], or [[Lammas]] Eve (1 August).<ref name="Keating1866">{{cite book| author=Geoffrey Keating| title=Foras feasa ar Eirinn ... The history of Ireland, tr. and annotated by J. O'Mahony| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cAEHAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA301| access-date=1 July 2012| year=1866| pages=301–}}</ref> Modern folklore claims that the Tailteann Games started around 1600 BC, with some sources claiming as far back as 1829 BC.<ref>{{cite book| author1=Tim Delaney| author2=Tim Madigan| title=The Sociology of Sports: An Introduction| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YEybKqyfVNwC&pg=PA42| access-date=12 August 2012| date=30 April 2009| publisher=McFarland| isbn=978-0-7864-4169-3| pages=42–}}</ref><ref>{{cite book| author=William H. Freeman| title=Physical Education, Exercise and Sport Science in a Changing Society| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gDN6Qimp7YIC&pg=PA80| access-date=12 August 2012| date=21 January 2011| publisher=Jones & Bartlett Publishers| isbn=978-0-7637-8157-6| pages=80–}}</ref><ref>{{cite book| author=Peter Matthews| title=Historical Dictionary of Track and Field| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dQFHe9RwE0wC&pg=PA2| access-date=12 August 2012| date=22 March 2012| publisher=Scarecrow Press| isbn=978-0-8108-6781-9| pages=2–}}</ref><ref>{{cite book| author1=Martin Connors| author2=Diane L. Dupuis| author3=Brad Morgan| title=The Olympics factbook: a spectator's guide to the winter and summer games| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CKFuAAAAMAAJ| access-date=12 August 2012| year=1992| publisher=Visible Ink| isbn=978-0-8103-9417-9}}</ref><ref name="Brown1985">{{cite book| author=Terence Brown| title=Ireland: a social and cultural history, 1922-1985, p. 82| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4FEGrCkdj-0C| access-date=11 August 2012| year=1985| publisher=Fontana Press| isbn=978-0-00-686082-2}}</ref><ref name="MellershWilliams1999">{{cite book| author1=H. E. L. Mellersh| author2=Neville Williams| title=Chronology of world history, p. 15| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PCcOAQAAMAAJ| access-date=1 August 2012| date=1 April 1999| publisher=ABC-CLIO| isbn=978-1-57607-155-7}}</ref><ref name="Incorporated2000">{{cite book| author=Grolier Incorporated| title=The Encyclopedia Americana, pp. 892 & 905| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IA01AAAAMAAJ| access-date=1 August 2012| year=2000| publisher=Grolier| isbn=978-0-7172-0133-4}}</ref> Promotional literature for the [[Gaelic Athletic Association]] revival of the games in 1924 claimed a later date of their foundation in 632 BC. The games were known to have been held between the 6th and 9th centuries AD.<ref name="Koch2006">{{cite book| author=John T. Koch| title=Celtic Culture: A Historical Encyclopedia| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=f899xH_quaMC&pg=PA777| access-date=31 July 2012| year=2006| publisher=ABC-CLIO| isbn=978-1-85109-440-0| pages=777–}}</ref> The games were held until 1169–1171 AD when they died out after the [[Norman invasion of Ireland|Norman invasion]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.theirishstory.com/2011/02/23/the-tailteann-games-1924-1936/|title=The Tailteann Games, 1924-1936|work=The Irish Story}}</ref><ref>Melvyn Watman, ''History of British Athletics''. Hale, London, 1968.</ref> The ancient Aonach had three functions: honoring the dead, proclaiming [[law]]s, and funeral games and festivities to entertain. The first function took between one and three days depending on the importance of the deceased. Guests would sing mourning chants called the ''Guba'', after which [[druid]]s would improvise ''[[Cepóg]]s'', songs in memory of the dead. The dead would then be burnt on a [[funeral pyre]]. The second function would then be carried out during a universal [[truce]] by the Ollamh Érenn, giving out laws to the people via [[bard]]s and druids and culminating in the igniting of another massive fire. The custom of rejoicing after a funeral was then enshrined in the ''[[Cuiteach Fuait]]'', games of mental and physical ability.<ref name="Nally2008"/> Games included the [[long jump]], [[high jump]], running, [[hurling]], [[spear]] throwing, [[boxing]], contests in [[swordfighting]], [[archery]], [[wrestling]], [[Swimming (sport)|swimming]], and [[chariot]] and [[horse racing]]. They also included competitions in [[strategy]], [[singing]], [[dancing]] and [[story-telling]], along with crafts competitions for [[goldsmith]]s, [[jeweller]]s, [[weaving|weavers]] and [[armourer]]s. Along with ensuring a [[meritocracy]], the games would also feature a mass [[arranged marriage]], where couples met for the first time and were given up to a year and a day to [[divorce]] on the hills of separation.<ref name="Nally2008"/> In later [[medieval]] times, the games were revived and called the Tailten Fair, consisting of contests of strength and skill, horse races, religious celebrations, and a traditional time for couples to contract "[[Handfasting (Neopaganism)|handfasting]]" trial marriages. "Taillten marriages" were legal up until the 13th century. This trial marriage practice is documented in the fourth and fifth volumes of the [[Brehon]] law texts, which are compilations of the opinions and judgements of the Brehon class of Druids (in this case, Irish). The texts as a whole deal with copious detail for the Insular Celts.<ref>O'Donovan, J., O'Curry, E., Hancock, W. N., O'Mahony, T., [[Alexander George Richey|Richey, A. G.]], [[William Maunsell Hennessy|Hennessy, W. M.]], & Atkinson, R. (eds.) (2000). ''Ancient laws of Ireland, published under direction of the Commissioners for Publishing the Ancient Laws and Institutes of Ireland.'' Buffalo, New York: W.S. Hein. {{ISBN|1-57588-572-7}}. (Originally published: Dublin: A. Thom, 1865-1901. Alternatively known as ''Hiberniae leges et institutiones antiquae''.)</ref> ==Modern revivals and legacy [[File:Fireworks at the First Tailteann Games August 15, 1924.jpg|thumb|Fireworks at the first Games, August 15, 1924]] {{main|Tailteann Games (Irish Free State)}} From the late nineteenth century, the [[Gaelic Athletic Association]] (GAA) and others in the [[Gaelic revival]] contemplated [[Tailteann Games (Irish Free State)|reviving the Tailteann Games]]. The GAA's 1888 championships [[1888 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship|of football]] and [[1888 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship|of hurling]] were unfinished owing to the [[American Invasion Tour]], an unsuccessful attempt to raise funds for a revival.<ref name="Cronin2007">{{cite journal|last=Cronin|first=Mike|year=2007|title=The Gaelic Athletic Association's Invasion of America, 1888: Travel Narratives, Microhistory and the Irish American 'Other'|journal=Sport in History|volume=27|issue=2|pages=190–216|issn=1746-0263|doi=10.1080/17460260701437011|s2cid=143931786}}</ref> The [[2nd Dáil]] approved a scheme in 1922,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://oireachtasdebates.oireachtas.ie/debates%20authoring/debateswebpack.nsf/takes/dail1922060800005 |title=Iomadoirí Iasachta|work=Second Dáil debates|publisher=8 June 1922|access-date=31 July 2017}}</ref> and after a delay caused by the [[Irish Civil War]] the first was held in 1924. Open to foreigners of Irish heritage, the first games of 1924 and 1928 attracted some competitors fresh from the Olympics in Paris and Amsterdam. The Games' main backer, minister [[J. J. Walsh]], lost office when [[Government of the 7th Dáil|Fianna Fáil took power]] after the [[1932 Irish general election|1932 election]], and public funding was cut. The 1932 games were on a smaller scale against a background of the [[Great Depression]] and the [[Anglo-Irish Trade War]], and no further games were held.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Cronin|first=Mike|year=2016|title=Projecting the Nation through Sport and Culture: Ireland, Aonach Tailteann and the Irish Free State, 1924-32|journal=Journal of Contemporary History|volume=38|issue=3|pages=395–411|issn=0022-0094|doi=10.1177/0022009403038003004 |jstor=3180644|s2cid=146215048}}</ref> [[Jack Fitzsimons]] suggested reviving the Tailteann Games in a 1985 [[Seanad Éireann]] debate on [[tourism in Ireland]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://oireachtasdebates.oireachtas.ie/debates%20authoring/debateswebpack.nsf/takes/seanad1985120500005#N143 |title=White Paper on Tourism Policy: Motion (Resumed) |last=Fitzsimons|first=Jack|date=5 December 1985 |work=Seanad Éireann Debates|publisher=Oireachtas |quote=Teltown is not far from Kells. The Tailteann games were world-renowned. They could be revived. There is great potential in this area. |no-pp=y|page=Vol.110 no.6 p.5 c.715 |access-date=2 August 2017}}</ref> The [[Rás Tailteann]] ("Tailteann race") cycling race was founded in 1953 by the [[National Cycling Association]] (NCA), in opposition to the [[Tour of Ireland]] organised by the rival [[Cumann Rothaíochta na hÉireann]] (CRÉ). [[Cycling Ireland]], the merged successor to both the NCA and CRÉ, still organises the Rás Tailteann annually, but it is usually known as "the [sponsor] Rás", or simply "the Rás".<ref>{{cite press release |url=http://www.cyclingireland.ie/cycling-news-item/donegal-ras-cycling-team/236|title=Donegal Ras Cycling Team|date=13 May 2014 |quote=This is the fourth year of An Post's sponsorship of the celebrated Rás Tailteann, which is more commonly known as The Rás.|publisher=Cycling Ireland|access-date=1 August 2017}}</ref> The Irish Secondary Schools Athletic Association organised annual national championships from 1963 under the name "Junior Tailteann Games".<ref name="athleticsireland2005">{{cite web|url=http://www.athleticsireland.ie/downloads/other/Schools_ROH_1916-MASTER8thMay.pdf#page=2 |format=PDF|title=Irish Schools Athletics Champions 1916-2015|date=8 May 2015|page=2|access-date=1 August 2017}}</ref> [[Athletics Ireland]] continues to use the name "Tailteann Games" for its annual schools inter-[[Provinces of Ireland|provincial]] championships.<ref name="athleticsireland2005"/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.athleticsireland.ie/news/tailteann-games-provide-another-thrilling-spectacle/|title=Tailteann Games provide another thrilling spectacle|date=26 June 2017|publisher=Athletics Ireland|access-date=1 August 2017}}</ref> also independently the tailteann games are an inter-[[gaeltacht]] event that includes other activities.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.irishcentral.com/roots/history/tailteann-games-athletics|title=Incredible images from the Tailteann Games, the ancient Irish predecessor to the Olympics|date=4 May 2018}}</ref> The [[Gaelic Athletic Association]]'s (GAA) [[Tailteann Cup]], established in 2022, takes its name from the ancient games.<ref>{{cite news |title=Tailteann Cup Q&A |url=https://www.irishtimes.com/sport/gaelic-games/tailteann-cup-q-a-1.4880097 |work=[[The Irish Times]]}}</ref> [[Páirc Tailteann]], a GAA stadium in [[Navan]], County Meath, also takes its name from the games. ==See also * [[Tailteann Games (Irish Free State)]], a revival held 1924–1932 * Tailteann Games of [[Athletics Ireland]], a revival since 1963 in the form of schools' inter-provincial championships * [[Ancient Olympic Games]], a similar tradition in classical Greece, c. 776 BC – 393 AD ==Annalistic references See [[Annals of Inisfallen]] * ''AI875.1 Kl. Muiredach son of Bran, king of Laigin, harried UíNéill as far as Sliab Fuait, and the Fair of Tailltiu was held.'' ==Sources * [[Lewis Spence]], ''The History and Origins of Druidism'' * [[Elizabeth Pepper]] and [[John Wilcock]], ''Magical and Mystical Sites'' ==External links {{wikisource|Folk-Lore/Volume 31/The Marriages of the Gods at the Sanctuary of Tailltiu}} * [https://archive.org/details/aonactailteannta00nalliala Nally, T.H., The Aonac Tailteann and the Tailteann Games Their History and Ancient Associations - Full text on archive.org] == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = }} [[Catagóir:Miotaseolaíocht na nGael]] [[Catagóir:An Mheánaois in Éirinn]] [[Category:Lugh]] == Buntásc== __NOINDEX__ __NOTOC__ j65g6q0a51nglreg0omw9rr1l0oj8q9 1318109 1318108 2026-06-20T17:59:43Z Marcas.oduinn 33120 1318109 wikitext text/x-wiki [ [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Tionscadal|Tionscadal]] ] * [[Speisialta:Statistics]] (23/10/25 -> reatha) ** 134 -> {{NUMBEROFACTIVEUSERS}} duine ar bhonn rialta ** 62,524 -> {{NUMBEROFARTICLES}} alt * [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Teimpléid|Teimpléid]] atá ar fáil * [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Wikidata list|Wikidata list]]s * [[:Catagóir:Leathanaigh le luas-scrios]] * -[[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/An Féineachas|An Féineachas]]- * -[[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Réigiúin|Réigiúin]]- (an tAontas Eorpach, NUTS srl.) * -[[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Lochanna|Lochanna]]- * [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Comhshaol|Comhshaol]]/Timpeallacht * ([[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Tuamaí|Tuamaí]]) * ([[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Téamh Domhanda|Téamh Domhanda]]) * [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Scéalta|Scéalta]] * [[James Clarence Mangan]]=[[Séamus Ó Mangáin]], [[Carthach is Sine]], [[Áth Eine]], [[Cearbhall mac Lochlainn Ó Dálaigh]], [[Seán mac Fergail Óicc Ó hUiccinn]]=[[Seán mac Feargail Óig Ó hUiginn]] * [[Bailiúchán Egerton]] {| class=wikitable |- ! Dream !! Ríocht !! Ríthe |- | [[Laighin]] || [[Ríocht na Laighean]] || [[Ríthe na Laighean]] |- | colspan=2 | [[Connachta]] || [[Ríthe na gConnacht]] |- | [[Dáirine]] || [[Ríocht na Mumhan]] || [[Ríthe na Mumhan]] |- | colspan=2 | [[Ulaid]] || [[Ríthe na nUladh]] |} == Aonach Tailteann == The '''[[Aonach]] Tailteann''' was [[funeral games (antiquity)|funeral games]] associated with the semi-legendary history of [[History of Ireland|Pre-Christian Ireland]]. There is a complex of ancient [[Earthworks (archaeology)|earthworks]] dating to the [[Iron Age]] in the area of [[Teltown]] where the festival was historically known to be celebrated off and on from [[medieval times]] into the [[modern era]].<ref name="Nally2008">{{cite book| author=T. H. Nally| title=The Aonac Tailteann and the Tailteann Games, Their History and Ancient Associations| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SObPJ02EiwMC| access-date=31 July 2012| date=30 June 2008| publisher=Jesson Press| isbn=978-1-4097-8189-9}}</ref><ref>[http://www.independent.ie/sport/other-sports/tailteann-games-place-in-history-going-for-a-song-1037527.html Tailteann Games place in history going for a song] By Seán Diffley, ''Irish Independent'', Saturday July 14, 2007</ref><ref name="Quinn">{{Cite web |url=http://www.eirgridnortheastprojects.com/media/14.8%20Telltown%20Impact%20Assessment%20Report.pdf |title=Malcolm, Nigel., & Quinn, Billy., Teltown Impact Assessment Report, 2009. |access-date=14 August 2012 |archive-date=25 October 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141025210036/http://www.eirgridnortheastprojects.com/media/14.8%20Telltown%20Impact%20Assessment%20Report.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> ==History and archaeology The games were founded, according to the ''[[Book of Invasions]]'', by [[Lugh|Lugh Lámhfhada]], the [[Ollamh Érenn]] (master craftsman or doctor of the sciences), as a mourning ceremony for the death of his foster-mother [[Tailtiu]]. Lugh buried Tailtiu underneath a mound in an area that took her name and was later called [[Teltown|Tailteann]] in [[County Meath]].<ref>Lebor Gabála Érenn, original text edited and translated by R A Stewart Macalister, D. Litt, Part IV: Irish Texts Society, Volume 41, pp. 59, 115, 117, 149, 177, 179, London 1941. {{ISBN|1-870166-41-8}}.</ref> The event was held during the last fortnight of July and culminated with the celebration of [[Lughnasadh]], or [[Lammas]] Eve (1 August).<ref name="Keating1866">{{cite book| author=Geoffrey Keating| title=Foras feasa ar Eirinn ... The history of Ireland, tr. and annotated by J. O'Mahony| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cAEHAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA301| access-date=1 July 2012| year=1866| pages=301–}}</ref> Modern folklore claims that the Tailteann Games started around 1600 BC, with some sources claiming as far back as 1829 BC.<ref>{{cite book| author1=Tim Delaney| author2=Tim Madigan| title=The Sociology of Sports: An Introduction| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YEybKqyfVNwC&pg=PA42| access-date=12 August 2012| date=30 April 2009| publisher=McFarland| isbn=978-0-7864-4169-3| pages=42–}}</ref><ref>{{cite book| author=William H. Freeman| title=Physical Education, Exercise and Sport Science in a Changing Society| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gDN6Qimp7YIC&pg=PA80| access-date=12 August 2012| date=21 January 2011| publisher=Jones & Bartlett Publishers| isbn=978-0-7637-8157-6| pages=80–}}</ref><ref>{{cite book| author=Peter Matthews| title=Historical Dictionary of Track and Field| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dQFHe9RwE0wC&pg=PA2| access-date=12 August 2012| date=22 March 2012| publisher=Scarecrow Press| isbn=978-0-8108-6781-9| pages=2–}}</ref><ref>{{cite book| author1=Martin Connors| author2=Diane L. Dupuis| author3=Brad Morgan| title=The Olympics factbook: a spectator's guide to the winter and summer games| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CKFuAAAAMAAJ| access-date=12 August 2012| year=1992| publisher=Visible Ink| isbn=978-0-8103-9417-9}}</ref><ref name="Brown1985">{{cite book| author=Terence Brown| title=Ireland: a social and cultural history, 1922-1985, p. 82| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4FEGrCkdj-0C| access-date=11 August 2012| year=1985| publisher=Fontana Press| isbn=978-0-00-686082-2}}</ref><ref name="MellershWilliams1999">{{cite book| author1=H. E. L. Mellersh| author2=Neville Williams| title=Chronology of world history, p. 15| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PCcOAQAAMAAJ| access-date=1 August 2012| date=1 April 1999| publisher=ABC-CLIO| isbn=978-1-57607-155-7}}</ref><ref name="Incorporated2000">{{cite book| author=Grolier Incorporated| title=The Encyclopedia Americana, pp. 892 & 905| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IA01AAAAMAAJ| access-date=1 August 2012| year=2000| publisher=Grolier| isbn=978-0-7172-0133-4}}</ref> Promotional literature for the [[Gaelic Athletic Association]] revival of the games in 1924 claimed a later date of their foundation in 632 BC. The games were known to have been held between the 6th and 9th centuries AD.<ref name="Koch2006">{{cite book| author=John T. Koch| title=Celtic Culture: A Historical Encyclopedia| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=f899xH_quaMC&pg=PA777| access-date=31 July 2012| year=2006| publisher=ABC-CLIO| isbn=978-1-85109-440-0| pages=777–}}</ref> The games were held until 1169–1171 AD when they died out after the [[Norman invasion of Ireland|Norman invasion]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.theirishstory.com/2011/02/23/the-tailteann-games-1924-1936/|title=The Tailteann Games, 1924-1936|work=The Irish Story}}</ref><ref>Melvyn Watman, ''History of British Athletics''. Hale, London, 1968.</ref> The ancient Aonach had three functions: honoring the dead, proclaiming [[law]]s, and funeral games and festivities to entertain. The first function took between one and three days depending on the importance of the deceased. Guests would sing mourning chants called the ''Guba'', after which [[druid]]s would improvise ''[[Cepóg]]s'', songs in memory of the dead. The dead would then be burnt on a [[funeral pyre]]. The second function would then be carried out during a universal [[truce]] by the Ollamh Érenn, giving out laws to the people via [[bard]]s and druids and culminating in the igniting of another massive fire. The custom of rejoicing after a funeral was then enshrined in the ''[[Cuiteach Fuait]]'', games of mental and physical ability.<ref name="Nally2008"/> Games included the [[long jump]], [[high jump]], running, [[hurling]], [[spear]] throwing, [[boxing]], contests in [[swordfighting]], [[archery]], [[wrestling]], [[Swimming (sport)|swimming]], and [[chariot]] and [[horse racing]]. They also included competitions in [[strategy]], [[singing]], [[dancing]] and [[story-telling]], along with crafts competitions for [[goldsmith]]s, [[jeweller]]s, [[weaving|weavers]] and [[armourer]]s. Along with ensuring a [[meritocracy]], the games would also feature a mass [[arranged marriage]], where couples met for the first time and were given up to a year and a day to [[divorce]] on the hills of separation.<ref name="Nally2008"/> In later [[medieval]] times, the games were revived and called the Tailten Fair, consisting of contests of strength and skill, horse races, religious celebrations, and a traditional time for couples to contract "[[Handfasting (Neopaganism)|handfasting]]" trial marriages. "Taillten marriages" were legal up until the 13th century. This trial marriage practice is documented in the fourth and fifth volumes of the [[Brehon]] law texts, which are compilations of the opinions and judgements of the Brehon class of Druids (in this case, Irish). The texts as a whole deal with copious detail for the Insular Celts.<ref>O'Donovan, J., O'Curry, E., Hancock, W. N., O'Mahony, T., [[Alexander George Richey|Richey, A. G.]], [[William Maunsell Hennessy|Hennessy, W. M.]], & Atkinson, R. (eds.) (2000). ''Ancient laws of Ireland, published under direction of the Commissioners for Publishing the Ancient Laws and Institutes of Ireland.'' Buffalo, New York: W.S. Hein. {{ISBN|1-57588-572-7}}. (Originally published: Dublin: A. Thom, 1865-1901. Alternatively known as ''Hiberniae leges et institutiones antiquae''.)</ref> ==Modern revivals and legacy [[File:Fireworks at the First Tailteann Games August 15, 1924.jpg|thumb|Fireworks at the first Games, August 15, 1924]] {{main|Tailteann Games (Irish Free State)}} From the late nineteenth century, the [[Gaelic Athletic Association]] (GAA) and others in the [[Gaelic revival]] contemplated [[Tailteann Games (Irish Free State)|reviving the Tailteann Games]]. The GAA's 1888 championships [[1888 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship|of football]] and [[1888 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship|of hurling]] were unfinished owing to the [[American Invasion Tour]], an unsuccessful attempt to raise funds for a revival.<ref name="Cronin2007">{{cite journal|last=Cronin|first=Mike|year=2007|title=The Gaelic Athletic Association's Invasion of America, 1888: Travel Narratives, Microhistory and the Irish American 'Other'|journal=Sport in History|volume=27|issue=2|pages=190–216|issn=1746-0263|doi=10.1080/17460260701437011|s2cid=143931786}}</ref> The [[2nd Dáil]] approved a scheme in 1922,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://oireachtasdebates.oireachtas.ie/debates%20authoring/debateswebpack.nsf/takes/dail1922060800005 |title=Iomadoirí Iasachta|work=Second Dáil debates|publisher=8 June 1922|access-date=31 July 2017}}</ref> and after a delay caused by the [[Irish Civil War]] the first was held in 1924. Open to foreigners of Irish heritage, the first games of 1924 and 1928 attracted some competitors fresh from the Olympics in Paris and Amsterdam. The Games' main backer, minister [[J. J. Walsh]], lost office when [[Government of the 7th Dáil|Fianna Fáil took power]] after the [[1932 Irish general election|1932 election]], and public funding was cut. The 1932 games were on a smaller scale against a background of the [[Great Depression]] and the [[Anglo-Irish Trade War]], and no further games were held.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Cronin|first=Mike|year=2016|title=Projecting the Nation through Sport and Culture: Ireland, Aonach Tailteann and the Irish Free State, 1924-32|journal=Journal of Contemporary History|volume=38|issue=3|pages=395–411|issn=0022-0094|doi=10.1177/0022009403038003004 |jstor=3180644|s2cid=146215048}}</ref> [[Jack Fitzsimons]] suggested reviving the Tailteann Games in a 1985 [[Seanad Éireann]] debate on [[tourism in Ireland]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://oireachtasdebates.oireachtas.ie/debates%20authoring/debateswebpack.nsf/takes/seanad1985120500005#N143 |title=White Paper on Tourism Policy: Motion (Resumed) |last=Fitzsimons|first=Jack|date=5 December 1985 |work=Seanad Éireann Debates|publisher=Oireachtas |quote=Teltown is not far from Kells. The Tailteann games were world-renowned. They could be revived. There is great potential in this area. |no-pp=y|page=Vol.110 no.6 p.5 c.715 |access-date=2 August 2017}}</ref> The [[Rás Tailteann]] ("Tailteann race") cycling race was founded in 1953 by the [[National Cycling Association]] (NCA), in opposition to the [[Tour of Ireland]] organised by the rival [[Cumann Rothaíochta na hÉireann]] (CRÉ). [[Cycling Ireland]], the merged successor to both the NCA and CRÉ, still organises the Rás Tailteann annually, but it is usually known as "the [sponsor] Rás", or simply "the Rás".<ref>{{cite press release |url=http://www.cyclingireland.ie/cycling-news-item/donegal-ras-cycling-team/236|title=Donegal Ras Cycling Team|date=13 May 2014 |quote=This is the fourth year of An Post's sponsorship of the celebrated Rás Tailteann, which is more commonly known as The Rás.|publisher=Cycling Ireland|access-date=1 August 2017}}</ref> The Irish Secondary Schools Athletic Association organised annual national championships from 1963 under the name "Junior Tailteann Games".<ref name="athleticsireland2005">{{cite web|url=http://www.athleticsireland.ie/downloads/other/Schools_ROH_1916-MASTER8thMay.pdf#page=2 |format=PDF|title=Irish Schools Athletics Champions 1916-2015|date=8 May 2015|page=2|access-date=1 August 2017}}</ref> [[Athletics Ireland]] continues to use the name "Tailteann Games" for its annual schools inter-[[Provinces of Ireland|provincial]] championships.<ref name="athleticsireland2005"/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.athleticsireland.ie/news/tailteann-games-provide-another-thrilling-spectacle/|title=Tailteann Games provide another thrilling spectacle|date=26 June 2017|publisher=Athletics Ireland|access-date=1 August 2017}}</ref> also independently the tailteann games are an inter-[[gaeltacht]] event that includes other activities.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.irishcentral.com/roots/history/tailteann-games-athletics|title=Incredible images from the Tailteann Games, the ancient Irish predecessor to the Olympics|date=4 May 2018}}</ref> The [[Gaelic Athletic Association]]'s (GAA) [[Tailteann Cup]], established in 2022, takes its name from the ancient games.<ref>{{cite news |title=Tailteann Cup Q&A |url=https://www.irishtimes.com/sport/gaelic-games/tailteann-cup-q-a-1.4880097 |work=[[The Irish Times]]}}</ref> [[Páirc Tailteann]], a GAA stadium in [[Navan]], County Meath, also takes its name from the games. ==See also * [[Tailteann Games (Irish Free State)]], a revival held 1924–1932 * Tailteann Games of [[Athletics Ireland]], a revival since 1963 in the form of schools' inter-provincial championships * [[Ancient Olympic Games]], a similar tradition in classical Greece, c. 776 BC – 393 AD ==Annalistic references See [[Annals of Inisfallen]] * ''AI875.1 Kl. Muiredach son of Bran, king of Laigin, harried UíNéill as far as Sliab Fuait, and the Fair of Tailltiu was held.'' ==Sources * [[Lewis Spence]], ''The History and Origins of Druidism'' * [[Elizabeth Pepper]] and [[John Wilcock]], ''Magical and Mystical Sites'' ==External links {{wikisource|Folk-Lore/Volume 31/The Marriages of the Gods at the Sanctuary of Tailltiu}} * [https://archive.org/details/aonactailteannta00nalliala Nally, T.H., The Aonac Tailteann and the Tailteann Games Their History and Ancient Associations - Full text on archive.org] == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = }} [[Catagóir:Miotaseolaíocht na nGael]] [[Catagóir:An Mheánaois in Éirinn]] [[Category:Lugh]] == Buntásc== __NOINDEX__ __NOTOC__ 6djalkl3ghmuvt64alczoy7ab39x8pc 1318110 1318109 2026-06-20T18:00:10Z Marcas.oduinn 33120 /* */ 1318110 wikitext text/x-wiki [ [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Tionscadal|Tionscadal]] ] * [[Speisialta:Statistics]] (23/10/25 -> reatha) ** 134 -> {{NUMBEROFACTIVEUSERS}} duine ar bhonn rialta ** 62,524 -> {{NUMBEROFARTICLES}} alt * [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Teimpléid|Teimpléid]] atá ar fáil * [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Wikidata list|Wikidata list]]s * [[:Catagóir:Leathanaigh le luas-scrios]] * -[[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/An Féineachas|An Féineachas]]- * -[[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Réigiúin|Réigiúin]]- (an tAontas Eorpach, NUTS srl.) * -[[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Lochanna|Lochanna]]- * [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Comhshaol|Comhshaol]]/Timpeallacht * ([[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Tuamaí|Tuamaí]]) * ([[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Téamh Domhanda|Téamh Domhanda]]) * [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Scéalta|Scéalta]] * [[James Clarence Mangan]]=[[Séamus Ó Mangáin]], [[Carthach is Sine]], [[Áth Eine]], [[Cearbhall mac Lochlainn Ó Dálaigh]], [[Seán mac Fergail Óicc Ó hUiccinn]]=[[Seán mac Feargail Óig Ó hUiginn]] * [[Bailiúchán Egerton]], [[Aonach]] {| class=wikitable |- ! Dream !! Ríocht !! Ríthe |- | [[Laighin]] || [[Ríocht na Laighean]] || [[Ríthe na Laighean]] |- | colspan=2 | [[Connachta]] || [[Ríthe na gConnacht]] |- | [[Dáirine]] || [[Ríocht na Mumhan]] || [[Ríthe na Mumhan]] |- | colspan=2 | [[Ulaid]] || [[Ríthe na nUladh]] |} == Aonach Tailteann == The '''[[Aonach]] Tailteann''' was [[funeral games (antiquity)|funeral games]] associated with the semi-legendary history of [[History of Ireland|Pre-Christian Ireland]]. There is a complex of ancient [[Earthworks (archaeology)|earthworks]] dating to the [[Iron Age]] in the area of [[Teltown]] where the festival was historically known to be celebrated off and on from [[medieval times]] into the [[modern era]].<ref name="Nally2008">{{cite book| author=T. H. Nally| title=The Aonac Tailteann and the Tailteann Games, Their History and Ancient Associations| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SObPJ02EiwMC| access-date=31 July 2012| date=30 June 2008| publisher=Jesson Press| isbn=978-1-4097-8189-9}}</ref><ref>[http://www.independent.ie/sport/other-sports/tailteann-games-place-in-history-going-for-a-song-1037527.html Tailteann Games place in history going for a song] By Seán Diffley, ''Irish Independent'', Saturday July 14, 2007</ref><ref name="Quinn">{{Cite web |url=http://www.eirgridnortheastprojects.com/media/14.8%20Telltown%20Impact%20Assessment%20Report.pdf |title=Malcolm, Nigel., & Quinn, Billy., Teltown Impact Assessment Report, 2009. |access-date=14 August 2012 |archive-date=25 October 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141025210036/http://www.eirgridnortheastprojects.com/media/14.8%20Telltown%20Impact%20Assessment%20Report.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> ==History and archaeology The games were founded, according to the ''[[Book of Invasions]]'', by [[Lugh|Lugh Lámhfhada]], the [[Ollamh Érenn]] (master craftsman or doctor of the sciences), as a mourning ceremony for the death of his foster-mother [[Tailtiu]]. Lugh buried Tailtiu underneath a mound in an area that took her name and was later called [[Teltown|Tailteann]] in [[County Meath]].<ref>Lebor Gabála Érenn, original text edited and translated by R A Stewart Macalister, D. Litt, Part IV: Irish Texts Society, Volume 41, pp. 59, 115, 117, 149, 177, 179, London 1941. {{ISBN|1-870166-41-8}}.</ref> The event was held during the last fortnight of July and culminated with the celebration of [[Lughnasadh]], or [[Lammas]] Eve (1 August).<ref name="Keating1866">{{cite book| author=Geoffrey Keating| title=Foras feasa ar Eirinn ... The history of Ireland, tr. and annotated by J. O'Mahony| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cAEHAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA301| access-date=1 July 2012| year=1866| pages=301–}}</ref> Modern folklore claims that the Tailteann Games started around 1600 BC, with some sources claiming as far back as 1829 BC.<ref>{{cite book| author1=Tim Delaney| author2=Tim Madigan| title=The Sociology of Sports: An Introduction| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YEybKqyfVNwC&pg=PA42| access-date=12 August 2012| date=30 April 2009| publisher=McFarland| isbn=978-0-7864-4169-3| pages=42–}}</ref><ref>{{cite book| author=William H. Freeman| title=Physical Education, Exercise and Sport Science in a Changing Society| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gDN6Qimp7YIC&pg=PA80| access-date=12 August 2012| date=21 January 2011| publisher=Jones & Bartlett Publishers| isbn=978-0-7637-8157-6| pages=80–}}</ref><ref>{{cite book| author=Peter Matthews| title=Historical Dictionary of Track and Field| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dQFHe9RwE0wC&pg=PA2| access-date=12 August 2012| date=22 March 2012| publisher=Scarecrow Press| isbn=978-0-8108-6781-9| pages=2–}}</ref><ref>{{cite book| author1=Martin Connors| author2=Diane L. Dupuis| author3=Brad Morgan| title=The Olympics factbook: a spectator's guide to the winter and summer games| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CKFuAAAAMAAJ| access-date=12 August 2012| year=1992| publisher=Visible Ink| isbn=978-0-8103-9417-9}}</ref><ref name="Brown1985">{{cite book| author=Terence Brown| title=Ireland: a social and cultural history, 1922-1985, p. 82| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4FEGrCkdj-0C| access-date=11 August 2012| year=1985| publisher=Fontana Press| isbn=978-0-00-686082-2}}</ref><ref name="MellershWilliams1999">{{cite book| author1=H. E. L. Mellersh| author2=Neville Williams| title=Chronology of world history, p. 15| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PCcOAQAAMAAJ| access-date=1 August 2012| date=1 April 1999| publisher=ABC-CLIO| isbn=978-1-57607-155-7}}</ref><ref name="Incorporated2000">{{cite book| author=Grolier Incorporated| title=The Encyclopedia Americana, pp. 892 & 905| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IA01AAAAMAAJ| access-date=1 August 2012| year=2000| publisher=Grolier| isbn=978-0-7172-0133-4}}</ref> Promotional literature for the [[Gaelic Athletic Association]] revival of the games in 1924 claimed a later date of their foundation in 632 BC. The games were known to have been held between the 6th and 9th centuries AD.<ref name="Koch2006">{{cite book| author=John T. Koch| title=Celtic Culture: A Historical Encyclopedia| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=f899xH_quaMC&pg=PA777| access-date=31 July 2012| year=2006| publisher=ABC-CLIO| isbn=978-1-85109-440-0| pages=777–}}</ref> The games were held until 1169–1171 AD when they died out after the [[Norman invasion of Ireland|Norman invasion]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.theirishstory.com/2011/02/23/the-tailteann-games-1924-1936/|title=The Tailteann Games, 1924-1936|work=The Irish Story}}</ref><ref>Melvyn Watman, ''History of British Athletics''. Hale, London, 1968.</ref> The ancient Aonach had three functions: honoring the dead, proclaiming [[law]]s, and funeral games and festivities to entertain. The first function took between one and three days depending on the importance of the deceased. Guests would sing mourning chants called the ''Guba'', after which [[druid]]s would improvise ''[[Cepóg]]s'', songs in memory of the dead. The dead would then be burnt on a [[funeral pyre]]. The second function would then be carried out during a universal [[truce]] by the Ollamh Érenn, giving out laws to the people via [[bard]]s and druids and culminating in the igniting of another massive fire. The custom of rejoicing after a funeral was then enshrined in the ''[[Cuiteach Fuait]]'', games of mental and physical ability.<ref name="Nally2008"/> Games included the [[long jump]], [[high jump]], running, [[hurling]], [[spear]] throwing, [[boxing]], contests in [[swordfighting]], [[archery]], [[wrestling]], [[Swimming (sport)|swimming]], and [[chariot]] and [[horse racing]]. They also included competitions in [[strategy]], [[singing]], [[dancing]] and [[story-telling]], along with crafts competitions for [[goldsmith]]s, [[jeweller]]s, [[weaving|weavers]] and [[armourer]]s. Along with ensuring a [[meritocracy]], the games would also feature a mass [[arranged marriage]], where couples met for the first time and were given up to a year and a day to [[divorce]] on the hills of separation.<ref name="Nally2008"/> In later [[medieval]] times, the games were revived and called the Tailten Fair, consisting of contests of strength and skill, horse races, religious celebrations, and a traditional time for couples to contract "[[Handfasting (Neopaganism)|handfasting]]" trial marriages. "Taillten marriages" were legal up until the 13th century. This trial marriage practice is documented in the fourth and fifth volumes of the [[Brehon]] law texts, which are compilations of the opinions and judgements of the Brehon class of Druids (in this case, Irish). The texts as a whole deal with copious detail for the Insular Celts.<ref>O'Donovan, J., O'Curry, E., Hancock, W. N., O'Mahony, T., [[Alexander George Richey|Richey, A. G.]], [[William Maunsell Hennessy|Hennessy, W. M.]], & Atkinson, R. (eds.) (2000). ''Ancient laws of Ireland, published under direction of the Commissioners for Publishing the Ancient Laws and Institutes of Ireland.'' Buffalo, New York: W.S. Hein. {{ISBN|1-57588-572-7}}. (Originally published: Dublin: A. Thom, 1865-1901. Alternatively known as ''Hiberniae leges et institutiones antiquae''.)</ref> ==Modern revivals and legacy [[File:Fireworks at the First Tailteann Games August 15, 1924.jpg|thumb|Fireworks at the first Games, August 15, 1924]] {{main|Tailteann Games (Irish Free State)}} From the late nineteenth century, the [[Gaelic Athletic Association]] (GAA) and others in the [[Gaelic revival]] contemplated [[Tailteann Games (Irish Free State)|reviving the Tailteann Games]]. The GAA's 1888 championships [[1888 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship|of football]] and [[1888 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship|of hurling]] were unfinished owing to the [[American Invasion Tour]], an unsuccessful attempt to raise funds for a revival.<ref name="Cronin2007">{{cite journal|last=Cronin|first=Mike|year=2007|title=The Gaelic Athletic Association's Invasion of America, 1888: Travel Narratives, Microhistory and the Irish American 'Other'|journal=Sport in History|volume=27|issue=2|pages=190–216|issn=1746-0263|doi=10.1080/17460260701437011|s2cid=143931786}}</ref> The [[2nd Dáil]] approved a scheme in 1922,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://oireachtasdebates.oireachtas.ie/debates%20authoring/debateswebpack.nsf/takes/dail1922060800005 |title=Iomadoirí Iasachta|work=Second Dáil debates|publisher=8 June 1922|access-date=31 July 2017}}</ref> and after a delay caused by the [[Irish Civil War]] the first was held in 1924. Open to foreigners of Irish heritage, the first games of 1924 and 1928 attracted some competitors fresh from the Olympics in Paris and Amsterdam. The Games' main backer, minister [[J. J. Walsh]], lost office when [[Government of the 7th Dáil|Fianna Fáil took power]] after the [[1932 Irish general election|1932 election]], and public funding was cut. The 1932 games were on a smaller scale against a background of the [[Great Depression]] and the [[Anglo-Irish Trade War]], and no further games were held.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Cronin|first=Mike|year=2016|title=Projecting the Nation through Sport and Culture: Ireland, Aonach Tailteann and the Irish Free State, 1924-32|journal=Journal of Contemporary History|volume=38|issue=3|pages=395–411|issn=0022-0094|doi=10.1177/0022009403038003004 |jstor=3180644|s2cid=146215048}}</ref> [[Jack Fitzsimons]] suggested reviving the Tailteann Games in a 1985 [[Seanad Éireann]] debate on [[tourism in Ireland]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://oireachtasdebates.oireachtas.ie/debates%20authoring/debateswebpack.nsf/takes/seanad1985120500005#N143 |title=White Paper on Tourism Policy: Motion (Resumed) |last=Fitzsimons|first=Jack|date=5 December 1985 |work=Seanad Éireann Debates|publisher=Oireachtas |quote=Teltown is not far from Kells. The Tailteann games were world-renowned. They could be revived. There is great potential in this area. |no-pp=y|page=Vol.110 no.6 p.5 c.715 |access-date=2 August 2017}}</ref> The [[Rás Tailteann]] ("Tailteann race") cycling race was founded in 1953 by the [[National Cycling Association]] (NCA), in opposition to the [[Tour of Ireland]] organised by the rival [[Cumann Rothaíochta na hÉireann]] (CRÉ). [[Cycling Ireland]], the merged successor to both the NCA and CRÉ, still organises the Rás Tailteann annually, but it is usually known as "the [sponsor] Rás", or simply "the Rás".<ref>{{cite press release |url=http://www.cyclingireland.ie/cycling-news-item/donegal-ras-cycling-team/236|title=Donegal Ras Cycling Team|date=13 May 2014 |quote=This is the fourth year of An Post's sponsorship of the celebrated Rás Tailteann, which is more commonly known as The Rás.|publisher=Cycling Ireland|access-date=1 August 2017}}</ref> The Irish Secondary Schools Athletic Association organised annual national championships from 1963 under the name "Junior Tailteann Games".<ref name="athleticsireland2005">{{cite web|url=http://www.athleticsireland.ie/downloads/other/Schools_ROH_1916-MASTER8thMay.pdf#page=2 |format=PDF|title=Irish Schools Athletics Champions 1916-2015|date=8 May 2015|page=2|access-date=1 August 2017}}</ref> [[Athletics Ireland]] continues to use the name "Tailteann Games" for its annual schools inter-[[Provinces of Ireland|provincial]] championships.<ref name="athleticsireland2005"/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.athleticsireland.ie/news/tailteann-games-provide-another-thrilling-spectacle/|title=Tailteann Games provide another thrilling spectacle|date=26 June 2017|publisher=Athletics Ireland|access-date=1 August 2017}}</ref> also independently the tailteann games are an inter-[[gaeltacht]] event that includes other activities.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.irishcentral.com/roots/history/tailteann-games-athletics|title=Incredible images from the Tailteann Games, the ancient Irish predecessor to the Olympics|date=4 May 2018}}</ref> The [[Gaelic Athletic Association]]'s (GAA) [[Tailteann Cup]], established in 2022, takes its name from the ancient games.<ref>{{cite news |title=Tailteann Cup Q&A |url=https://www.irishtimes.com/sport/gaelic-games/tailteann-cup-q-a-1.4880097 |work=[[The Irish Times]]}}</ref> [[Páirc Tailteann]], a GAA stadium in [[Navan]], County Meath, also takes its name from the games. ==See also * [[Tailteann Games (Irish Free State)]], a revival held 1924–1932 * Tailteann Games of [[Athletics Ireland]], a revival since 1963 in the form of schools' inter-provincial championships * [[Ancient Olympic Games]], a similar tradition in classical Greece, c. 776 BC – 393 AD ==Annalistic references See [[Annals of Inisfallen]] * ''AI875.1 Kl. Muiredach son of Bran, king of Laigin, harried UíNéill as far as Sliab Fuait, and the Fair of Tailltiu was held.'' ==Sources * [[Lewis Spence]], ''The History and Origins of Druidism'' * [[Elizabeth Pepper]] and [[John Wilcock]], ''Magical and Mystical Sites'' ==External links {{wikisource|Folk-Lore/Volume 31/The Marriages of the Gods at the Sanctuary of Tailltiu}} * [https://archive.org/details/aonactailteannta00nalliala Nally, T.H., The Aonac Tailteann and the Tailteann Games Their History and Ancient Associations - Full text on archive.org] == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = }} [[Catagóir:Miotaseolaíocht na nGael]] [[Catagóir:An Mheánaois in Éirinn]] [[Category:Lugh]] == Buntásc== __NOINDEX__ __NOTOC__ 2jxfm9f9rdfsmmm1s1vkp6tlnkunbu7 1318112 1318110 2026-06-20T18:03:20Z Marcas.oduinn 33120 /* */ 1318112 wikitext text/x-wiki [ [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Tionscadal|Tionscadal]] ] * [[Speisialta:Statistics]] (23/10/25 -> reatha) ** 134 -> {{NUMBEROFACTIVEUSERS}} duine ar bhonn rialta ** 62,524 -> {{NUMBEROFARTICLES}} alt * [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Teimpléid|Teimpléid]] atá ar fáil * [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Wikidata list|Wikidata list]]s * [[:Catagóir:Leathanaigh le luas-scrios]] * -[[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/An Féineachas|An Féineachas]]- * -[[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Réigiúin|Réigiúin]]- (an tAontas Eorpach, NUTS srl.) * -[[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Lochanna|Lochanna]]- * [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Comhshaol|Comhshaol]]/Timpeallacht * ([[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Tuamaí|Tuamaí]]) * ([[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Téamh Domhanda|Téamh Domhanda]]) * [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Scéalta|Scéalta]] * [[James Clarence Mangan]]=[[Séamus Ó Mangáin]], [[Carthach is Sine]], [[Áth Eine]], [[Cearbhall mac Lochlainn Ó Dálaigh]], [[Seán mac Fergail Óicc Ó hUiccinn]]=[[Seán mac Feargail Óig Ó hUiginn]] * [[Bailiúchán Egerton]], [[Aonach]] {| class=wikitable |- ! Dream !! Ríocht !! Ríthe |- | [[Laighin]] || [[Ríocht na Laighean]] || [[Ríthe na Laighean]] |- | colspan=2 | [[Connachta]] || [[Ríthe na gConnacht]] |- | [[Dáirine]] || [[Ríocht na Mumhan]] || [[Ríthe na Mumhan]] |- | colspan=2 | [[Ulaid]] || [[Ríthe na nUladh]] |} == Aonach == Tionól poiblí i nÉirinn ársa ba ea '''aonach''' (MeánGhaeilge '''óenach'''), gairthe nuair a d'éag [[rí]], [[banríon]], nó [[seanórach]] nó [[gaiscíoch]] mór le rá.<ref name=Nally2008 /> Tharlaíodh trí rud ag Aonach: * thugadh urraim dosna mairbh : leanadh an tsochraid ar aghaidh idir lá amháin nó trí lá, ag brath ar tábhacht an duine. Bhíodh [[gubha]]<ref name=guba /> á gcanadh ag gach éinne agus ansin [[ceapóg]]a<ref name=cepoc /> ag na [[draoi]]the. Dhódh ansin an duine marbh ar [[breocharn]]. * bhuailtí ríthe agus uaisliú ann, agus [[sos cogaidh]] ar siúl, chun [[an Féineachas|dlíthe]] a fhógairt agus a dhearbhú : chuireadh na dlíthe i bhfeidhm ag an [[Ollamh Éireann]], agus lasadh sa deireadh tine mhór eile. * d'eagraítí [[cluichí sochraide]], siamsaíocht agus margadh mór : i dteannta leis an nós ''[[Cúitech Fuait]]''<ref name=cuitech /><ref name=fuat /> (airgid cróchair). Ba é an t-aonach iad mo le tá ná [[Aonach Tailteann]], faoi choimirce [[Ardrí na hÉireann]] agus muintir [[Uí Néill]]. Dar le scríbhneoirí meánaoiseacha, bunaíodh an t-aonach sa [[réamhstair]]. Bhíodh sé ar siúl ag [[Tailte]], i g[[Contae na Mí]] san lá atá inniu ann, chomh déanach is 1770. Thugadh tiomsaitheoirí na [[annála Éireann|n-annál]] aird ar leith foréigean agus achrann ag ag aonach, nó teip an ardrí an t-aonach a chur ar siúl. I measc aonach tábhachtach eile, bhí san áireamh: Cnoc [[Tlachta]] ar siúl le linn [[Samhain|na Samhna]]; [[Carman]] i g[[Contae Loch Garman]]; [[Cnoc Uisnigh]] ar siúl le linn [[Bealtaine]]; agus Raigne san [[Osraige]]. Níor phágánach iad gach uile aonach. Bhí Aonach Colmáin, ar siúl is dócha i [[Lainn Eala]], ainmnithe as Naomh [[Colmán Eala]]. Eagraíodh [[Aonach Tailteann (athbheochan)|Aonach Tailteann]] ag [[Saorstát Éireann]] ón mbliain 1924 go dtí 1932. I dteannta sin, sna 1920idí eagraíodh 'Aonach an Gharda' chun aclaíocht agus cultúr Gaelach a chur chun cinn.<ref name=Hora2017 /> == Leabharliosta * {{citation | last=Byrne | first=Francis John | authorlink=Francis John Byrne | title=Irish Kings and High-Kings | publisher=Batsford | location=Londain | year=1973 | isbn=0713458828}} * {{citation | last=Charles-Edwards | first=T. M. | authorlink=T. M. Charles-Edwards | title=Early Christian Ireland | publisher=Cambridge University Press | year=2000 | location=Cambridge |isbn=0521363950}} * {{ citation | last=MacKillop | first=James | authorlink=James MacKillop | title=Oxford Dictionary of Celtic Mythology | publisher=Oxford University Press | location=Oxford | year=1998 | isbn=0198609671}} * {{citation | last=Ó Cróinín | first=Dáibhí | authorlink=Dáibhí Ó Cróinín | title=Early Medieval Ireland 400–1200 |year=1995 | series=Longman History of Ireland | publisher=Longman | location=Londain | isbn=0582015650}} == Naisc sheachtracha * Nally, T.H., [https://archive.org/details/aonactailteannta00nalliala The Aonac Tailteann and the Tailteann Games Their History and Ancient Associations] - Téacs iomlán ar archive.org * [https://cdn.poyntzpass.co.uk/Fairs_and_Assemblies_in_Ireland.pdf ''Fairs and Assemblies in Ireland''] == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = <ref name=Nally2008>{{cite book | author=T. H. Nally | title=The Aonac Tailteann and the Tailteann Games Their History and Ancient Associations | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SObPJ02EiwMC | access-date=31 July 2012 | year=2008 | publisher=Jesson Press | isbn=978-1409781899}}</ref> <ref name=guba>{{lua idirlín | url = https://dil.ie/26768 | teideal = guba | foilsitheoir = eDIL | dátarochtana = 12 Meitheamh 2026}}</ref> <ref name=cepoc>{{lua idirlín | url = https://dil.ie/8718 | teideal = cepóc | foilsitheoir = eDIL | dátarochtana = 12 Meitheamh 2026}}</ref> <ref name=cuitech>{{lua idirlín | url = https://dil.ie/13726 | teideal = 2 cúitech | foilsitheoir = eDIL | dátarochtana = 12 Meitheamh 2026}}</ref> <ref name=fuat>{{lua idirlín | url = https://dil.ie/24702 | teideal = 1 fúat | foilsitheoir = eDIL | dátarochtana = 12 Meitheamh 2026}}</ref> <ref name=Hora2017>{{cite book | last=Hora | first=Kevin | title=Propaganda and Nation Building Selling the Irish Free State | date=2017 | publisher=Taylor & Francis | page=125}}</ref> }} [[Catagóir:An tSean-Éire]] == Aonach Tailteann == The '''[[Aonach]] Tailteann''' was [[funeral games (antiquity)|funeral games]] associated with the semi-legendary history of [[History of Ireland|Pre-Christian Ireland]]. There is a complex of ancient [[Earthworks (archaeology)|earthworks]] dating to the [[Iron Age]] in the area of [[Teltown]] where the festival was historically known to be celebrated off and on from [[medieval times]] into the [[modern era]].<ref name="Nally2008">{{cite book| author=T. H. Nally| title=The Aonac Tailteann and the Tailteann Games, Their History and Ancient Associations| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SObPJ02EiwMC| access-date=31 July 2012| date=30 June 2008| publisher=Jesson Press| isbn=978-1-4097-8189-9}}</ref><ref>[http://www.independent.ie/sport/other-sports/tailteann-games-place-in-history-going-for-a-song-1037527.html Tailteann Games place in history going for a song] By Seán Diffley, ''Irish Independent'', Saturday July 14, 2007</ref><ref name="Quinn">{{Cite web |url=http://www.eirgridnortheastprojects.com/media/14.8%20Telltown%20Impact%20Assessment%20Report.pdf |title=Malcolm, Nigel., & Quinn, Billy., Teltown Impact Assessment Report, 2009. |access-date=14 August 2012 |archive-date=25 October 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141025210036/http://www.eirgridnortheastprojects.com/media/14.8%20Telltown%20Impact%20Assessment%20Report.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> ==History and archaeology The games were founded, according to the ''[[Book of Invasions]]'', by [[Lugh|Lugh Lámhfhada]], the [[Ollamh Érenn]] (master craftsman or doctor of the sciences), as a mourning ceremony for the death of his foster-mother [[Tailtiu]]. Lugh buried Tailtiu underneath a mound in an area that took her name and was later called [[Teltown|Tailteann]] in [[County Meath]].<ref>Lebor Gabála Érenn, original text edited and translated by R A Stewart Macalister, D. Litt, Part IV: Irish Texts Society, Volume 41, pp. 59, 115, 117, 149, 177, 179, London 1941. {{ISBN|1-870166-41-8}}.</ref> The event was held during the last fortnight of July and culminated with the celebration of [[Lughnasadh]], or [[Lammas]] Eve (1 August).<ref name="Keating1866">{{cite book| author=Geoffrey Keating| title=Foras feasa ar Eirinn ... The history of Ireland, tr. and annotated by J. O'Mahony| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cAEHAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA301| access-date=1 July 2012| year=1866| pages=301–}}</ref> Modern folklore claims that the Tailteann Games started around 1600 BC, with some sources claiming as far back as 1829 BC.<ref>{{cite book| author1=Tim Delaney| author2=Tim Madigan| title=The Sociology of Sports: An Introduction| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YEybKqyfVNwC&pg=PA42| access-date=12 August 2012| date=30 April 2009| publisher=McFarland| isbn=978-0-7864-4169-3| pages=42–}}</ref><ref>{{cite book| author=William H. Freeman| title=Physical Education, Exercise and Sport Science in a Changing Society| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gDN6Qimp7YIC&pg=PA80| access-date=12 August 2012| date=21 January 2011| publisher=Jones & Bartlett Publishers| isbn=978-0-7637-8157-6| pages=80–}}</ref><ref>{{cite book| author=Peter Matthews| title=Historical Dictionary of Track and Field| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dQFHe9RwE0wC&pg=PA2| access-date=12 August 2012| date=22 March 2012| publisher=Scarecrow Press| isbn=978-0-8108-6781-9| pages=2–}}</ref><ref>{{cite book| author1=Martin Connors| author2=Diane L. Dupuis| author3=Brad Morgan| title=The Olympics factbook: a spectator's guide to the winter and summer games| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CKFuAAAAMAAJ| access-date=12 August 2012| year=1992| publisher=Visible Ink| isbn=978-0-8103-9417-9}}</ref><ref name="Brown1985">{{cite book| author=Terence Brown| title=Ireland: a social and cultural history, 1922-1985, p. 82| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4FEGrCkdj-0C| access-date=11 August 2012| year=1985| publisher=Fontana Press| isbn=978-0-00-686082-2}}</ref><ref name="MellershWilliams1999">{{cite book| author1=H. E. L. Mellersh| author2=Neville Williams| title=Chronology of world history, p. 15| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PCcOAQAAMAAJ| access-date=1 August 2012| date=1 April 1999| publisher=ABC-CLIO| isbn=978-1-57607-155-7}}</ref><ref name="Incorporated2000">{{cite book| author=Grolier Incorporated| title=The Encyclopedia Americana, pp. 892 & 905| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IA01AAAAMAAJ| access-date=1 August 2012| year=2000| publisher=Grolier| isbn=978-0-7172-0133-4}}</ref> Promotional literature for the [[Gaelic Athletic Association]] revival of the games in 1924 claimed a later date of their foundation in 632 BC. The games were known to have been held between the 6th and 9th centuries AD.<ref name="Koch2006">{{cite book| author=John T. Koch| title=Celtic Culture: A Historical Encyclopedia| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=f899xH_quaMC&pg=PA777| access-date=31 July 2012| year=2006| publisher=ABC-CLIO| isbn=978-1-85109-440-0| pages=777–}}</ref> The games were held until 1169–1171 AD when they died out after the [[Norman invasion of Ireland|Norman invasion]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.theirishstory.com/2011/02/23/the-tailteann-games-1924-1936/|title=The Tailteann Games, 1924-1936|work=The Irish Story}}</ref><ref>Melvyn Watman, ''History of British Athletics''. Hale, London, 1968.</ref> The ancient Aonach had three functions: honoring the dead, proclaiming [[law]]s, and funeral games and festivities to entertain. The first function took between one and three days depending on the importance of the deceased. Guests would sing mourning chants called the ''Guba'', after which [[druid]]s would improvise ''[[Cepóg]]s'', songs in memory of the dead. The dead would then be burnt on a [[funeral pyre]]. The second function would then be carried out during a universal [[truce]] by the Ollamh Érenn, giving out laws to the people via [[bard]]s and druids and culminating in the igniting of another massive fire. The custom of rejoicing after a funeral was then enshrined in the ''[[Cuiteach Fuait]]'', games of mental and physical ability.<ref name="Nally2008"/> Games included the [[long jump]], [[high jump]], running, [[hurling]], [[spear]] throwing, [[boxing]], contests in [[swordfighting]], [[archery]], [[wrestling]], [[Swimming (sport)|swimming]], and [[chariot]] and [[horse racing]]. They also included competitions in [[strategy]], [[singing]], [[dancing]] and [[story-telling]], along with crafts competitions for [[goldsmith]]s, [[jeweller]]s, [[weaving|weavers]] and [[armourer]]s. Along with ensuring a [[meritocracy]], the games would also feature a mass [[arranged marriage]], where couples met for the first time and were given up to a year and a day to [[divorce]] on the hills of separation.<ref name="Nally2008"/> In later [[medieval]] times, the games were revived and called the Tailten Fair, consisting of contests of strength and skill, horse races, religious celebrations, and a traditional time for couples to contract "[[Handfasting (Neopaganism)|handfasting]]" trial marriages. "Taillten marriages" were legal up until the 13th century. This trial marriage practice is documented in the fourth and fifth volumes of the [[Brehon]] law texts, which are compilations of the opinions and judgements of the Brehon class of Druids (in this case, Irish). The texts as a whole deal with copious detail for the Insular Celts.<ref>O'Donovan, J., O'Curry, E., Hancock, W. N., O'Mahony, T., [[Alexander George Richey|Richey, A. G.]], [[William Maunsell Hennessy|Hennessy, W. M.]], & Atkinson, R. (eds.) (2000). ''Ancient laws of Ireland, published under direction of the Commissioners for Publishing the Ancient Laws and Institutes of Ireland.'' Buffalo, New York: W.S. Hein. {{ISBN|1-57588-572-7}}. (Originally published: Dublin: A. Thom, 1865-1901. Alternatively known as ''Hiberniae leges et institutiones antiquae''.)</ref> ==Modern revivals and legacy [[File:Fireworks at the First Tailteann Games August 15, 1924.jpg|thumb|Fireworks at the first Games, August 15, 1924]] {{main|Tailteann Games (Irish Free State)}} From the late nineteenth century, the [[Gaelic Athletic Association]] (GAA) and others in the [[Gaelic revival]] contemplated [[Tailteann Games (Irish Free State)|reviving the Tailteann Games]]. The GAA's 1888 championships [[1888 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship|of football]] and [[1888 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship|of hurling]] were unfinished owing to the [[American Invasion Tour]], an unsuccessful attempt to raise funds for a revival.<ref name="Cronin2007">{{cite journal|last=Cronin|first=Mike|year=2007|title=The Gaelic Athletic Association's Invasion of America, 1888: Travel Narratives, Microhistory and the Irish American 'Other'|journal=Sport in History|volume=27|issue=2|pages=190–216|issn=1746-0263|doi=10.1080/17460260701437011|s2cid=143931786}}</ref> The [[2nd Dáil]] approved a scheme in 1922,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://oireachtasdebates.oireachtas.ie/debates%20authoring/debateswebpack.nsf/takes/dail1922060800005 |title=Iomadoirí Iasachta|work=Second Dáil debates|publisher=8 June 1922|access-date=31 July 2017}}</ref> and after a delay caused by the [[Irish Civil War]] the first was held in 1924. Open to foreigners of Irish heritage, the first games of 1924 and 1928 attracted some competitors fresh from the Olympics in Paris and Amsterdam. The Games' main backer, minister [[J. J. Walsh]], lost office when [[Government of the 7th Dáil|Fianna Fáil took power]] after the [[1932 Irish general election|1932 election]], and public funding was cut. The 1932 games were on a smaller scale against a background of the [[Great Depression]] and the [[Anglo-Irish Trade War]], and no further games were held.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Cronin|first=Mike|year=2016|title=Projecting the Nation through Sport and Culture: Ireland, Aonach Tailteann and the Irish Free State, 1924-32|journal=Journal of Contemporary History|volume=38|issue=3|pages=395–411|issn=0022-0094|doi=10.1177/0022009403038003004 |jstor=3180644|s2cid=146215048}}</ref> [[Jack Fitzsimons]] suggested reviving the Tailteann Games in a 1985 [[Seanad Éireann]] debate on [[tourism in Ireland]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://oireachtasdebates.oireachtas.ie/debates%20authoring/debateswebpack.nsf/takes/seanad1985120500005#N143 |title=White Paper on Tourism Policy: Motion (Resumed) |last=Fitzsimons|first=Jack|date=5 December 1985 |work=Seanad Éireann Debates|publisher=Oireachtas |quote=Teltown is not far from Kells. The Tailteann games were world-renowned. They could be revived. There is great potential in this area. |no-pp=y|page=Vol.110 no.6 p.5 c.715 |access-date=2 August 2017}}</ref> The [[Rás Tailteann]] ("Tailteann race") cycling race was founded in 1953 by the [[National Cycling Association]] (NCA), in opposition to the [[Tour of Ireland]] organised by the rival [[Cumann Rothaíochta na hÉireann]] (CRÉ). [[Cycling Ireland]], the merged successor to both the NCA and CRÉ, still organises the Rás Tailteann annually, but it is usually known as "the [sponsor] Rás", or simply "the Rás".<ref>{{cite press release |url=http://www.cyclingireland.ie/cycling-news-item/donegal-ras-cycling-team/236|title=Donegal Ras Cycling Team|date=13 May 2014 |quote=This is the fourth year of An Post's sponsorship of the celebrated Rás Tailteann, which is more commonly known as The Rás.|publisher=Cycling Ireland|access-date=1 August 2017}}</ref> The Irish Secondary Schools Athletic Association organised annual national championships from 1963 under the name "Junior Tailteann Games".<ref name="athleticsireland2005">{{cite web|url=http://www.athleticsireland.ie/downloads/other/Schools_ROH_1916-MASTER8thMay.pdf#page=2 |format=PDF|title=Irish Schools Athletics Champions 1916-2015|date=8 May 2015|page=2|access-date=1 August 2017}}</ref> [[Athletics Ireland]] continues to use the name "Tailteann Games" for its annual schools inter-[[Provinces of Ireland|provincial]] championships.<ref name="athleticsireland2005"/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.athleticsireland.ie/news/tailteann-games-provide-another-thrilling-spectacle/|title=Tailteann Games provide another thrilling spectacle|date=26 June 2017|publisher=Athletics Ireland|access-date=1 August 2017}}</ref> also independently the tailteann games are an inter-[[gaeltacht]] event that includes other activities.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.irishcentral.com/roots/history/tailteann-games-athletics|title=Incredible images from the Tailteann Games, the ancient Irish predecessor to the Olympics|date=4 May 2018}}</ref> The [[Gaelic Athletic Association]]'s (GAA) [[Tailteann Cup]], established in 2022, takes its name from the ancient games.<ref>{{cite news |title=Tailteann Cup Q&A |url=https://www.irishtimes.com/sport/gaelic-games/tailteann-cup-q-a-1.4880097 |work=[[The Irish Times]]}}</ref> [[Páirc Tailteann]], a GAA stadium in [[Navan]], County Meath, also takes its name from the games. ==See also * [[Tailteann Games (Irish Free State)]], a revival held 1924–1932 * Tailteann Games of [[Athletics Ireland]], a revival since 1963 in the form of schools' inter-provincial championships * [[Ancient Olympic Games]], a similar tradition in classical Greece, c. 776 BC – 393 AD ==Annalistic references See [[Annals of Inisfallen]] * ''AI875.1 Kl. Muiredach son of Bran, king of Laigin, harried UíNéill as far as Sliab Fuait, and the Fair of Tailltiu was held.'' ==Sources * [[Lewis Spence]], ''The History and Origins of Druidism'' * [[Elizabeth Pepper]] and [[John Wilcock]], ''Magical and Mystical Sites'' ==External links {{wikisource|Folk-Lore/Volume 31/The Marriages of the Gods at the Sanctuary of Tailltiu}} * [https://archive.org/details/aonactailteannta00nalliala Nally, T.H., The Aonac Tailteann and the Tailteann Games Their History and Ancient Associations - Full text on archive.org] == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = }} [[Catagóir:Miotaseolaíocht na nGael]] [[Catagóir:An Mheánaois in Éirinn]] [[Category:Lugh]] == Buntásc== __NOINDEX__ __NOTOC__ 0pf6xtcm0tk7xnc3x9vunqs30gxj7ny 1318133 1318112 2026-06-20T22:12:37Z Marcas.oduinn 33120 1318133 wikitext text/x-wiki [ [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Tionscadal|Tionscadal]] ] * [[Speisialta:Statistics]] (23/10/25 -> reatha) ** 134 -> {{NUMBEROFACTIVEUSERS}} duine ar bhonn rialta ** 62,524 -> {{NUMBEROFARTICLES}} alt * [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Teimpléid|Teimpléid]] atá ar fáil * [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Wikidata list|Wikidata list]]s * [[:Catagóir:Leathanaigh le luas-scrios]] * -[[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/An Féineachas|An Féineachas]]- * -[[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Réigiúin|Réigiúin]]- (an tAontas Eorpach, NUTS srl.) * -[[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Lochanna|Lochanna]]- * [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Comhshaol|Comhshaol]]/Timpeallacht * ([[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Tuamaí|Tuamaí]]) * ([[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Téamh Domhanda|Téamh Domhanda]]) * [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Scéalta|Scéalta]] * [[James Clarence Mangan]]=[[Séamus Ó Mangáin]], [[Carthach is Sine]], [[Áth Eine]], [[Cearbhall mac Lochlainn Ó Dálaigh]], [[Seán mac Fergail Óicc Ó hUiccinn]]=[[Seán mac Feargail Óig Ó hUiginn]] * [[Bailiúchán Egerton]], [[Aonach]] {| class=wikitable |- ! Dream !! Ríocht !! Ríthe |- | [[Laighin]] || [[Ríocht na Laighean]] || [[Ríthe na Laighean]] |- | colspan=2 | [[Connachta]] || [[Ríthe na gConnacht]] |- | [[Dáirine]] || [[Ríocht na Mumhan]] || [[Ríthe na Mumhan]] |- | colspan=2 | [[Ulaid]] || [[Ríthe na nUladh]] |} == Aonach Tailteann == The '''[[Aonach]] Tailteann''' was [[funeral games (antiquity)|funeral games]] associated with the semi-legendary history of [[History of Ireland|Pre-Christian Ireland]]. There is a complex of ancient [[Earthworks (archaeology)|earthworks]] dating to the [[Iron Age]] in the area of [[Teltown]] where the festival was historically known to be celebrated off and on from [[medieval times]] into the [[modern era]].<ref name="Nally2008">{{cite book| author=T. H. Nally| title=The Aonac Tailteann and the Tailteann Games, Their History and Ancient Associations| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SObPJ02EiwMC| access-date=31 July 2012| date=30 June 2008| publisher=Jesson Press| isbn=978-1-4097-8189-9}}</ref><ref>[http://www.independent.ie/sport/other-sports/tailteann-games-place-in-history-going-for-a-song-1037527.html Tailteann Games place in history going for a song] By Seán Diffley, ''Irish Independent'', Saturday July 14, 2007</ref><ref name="Quinn">{{Cite web |url=http://www.eirgridnortheastprojects.com/media/14.8%20Telltown%20Impact%20Assessment%20Report.pdf |title=Malcolm, Nigel., & Quinn, Billy., Teltown Impact Assessment Report, 2009. |access-date=14 August 2012 |archive-date=25 October 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141025210036/http://www.eirgridnortheastprojects.com/media/14.8%20Telltown%20Impact%20Assessment%20Report.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> ==History and archaeology The games were founded, according to the ''[[Book of Invasions]]'', by [[Lugh|Lugh Lámhfhada]], the [[Ollamh Érenn]] (master craftsman or doctor of the sciences), as a mourning ceremony for the death of his foster-mother [[Tailtiu]]. Lugh buried Tailtiu underneath a mound in an area that took her name and was later called [[Teltown|Tailteann]] in [[County Meath]].<ref>Lebor Gabála Érenn, original text edited and translated by R A Stewart Macalister, D. Litt, Part IV: Irish Texts Society, Volume 41, pp. 59, 115, 117, 149, 177, 179, London 1941. {{ISBN|1-870166-41-8}}.</ref> The event was held during the last fortnight of July and culminated with the celebration of [[Lughnasadh]], or [[Lammas]] Eve (1 August).<ref name="Keating1866">{{cite book| author=Geoffrey Keating| title=Foras feasa ar Eirinn ... The history of Ireland, tr. and annotated by J. O'Mahony| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cAEHAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA301| access-date=1 July 2012| year=1866| pages=301–}}</ref> Modern folklore claims that the Tailteann Games started around 1600 BC, with some sources claiming as far back as 1829 BC.<ref>{{cite book| author1=Tim Delaney| author2=Tim Madigan| title=The Sociology of Sports: An Introduction| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YEybKqyfVNwC&pg=PA42| access-date=12 August 2012| date=30 April 2009| publisher=McFarland| isbn=978-0-7864-4169-3| pages=42–}}</ref><ref>{{cite book| author=William H. Freeman| title=Physical Education, Exercise and Sport Science in a Changing Society| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gDN6Qimp7YIC&pg=PA80| access-date=12 August 2012| date=21 January 2011| publisher=Jones & Bartlett Publishers| isbn=978-0-7637-8157-6| pages=80–}}</ref><ref>{{cite book| author=Peter Matthews| title=Historical Dictionary of Track and Field| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dQFHe9RwE0wC&pg=PA2| access-date=12 August 2012| date=22 March 2012| publisher=Scarecrow Press| isbn=978-0-8108-6781-9| pages=2–}}</ref><ref>{{cite book| author1=Martin Connors| author2=Diane L. Dupuis| author3=Brad Morgan| title=The Olympics factbook: a spectator's guide to the winter and summer games| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CKFuAAAAMAAJ| access-date=12 August 2012| year=1992| publisher=Visible Ink| isbn=978-0-8103-9417-9}}</ref><ref name="Brown1985">{{cite book| author=Terence Brown| title=Ireland: a social and cultural history, 1922-1985, p. 82| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4FEGrCkdj-0C| access-date=11 August 2012| year=1985| publisher=Fontana Press| isbn=978-0-00-686082-2}}</ref><ref name="MellershWilliams1999">{{cite book| author1=H. E. L. Mellersh| author2=Neville Williams| title=Chronology of world history, p. 15| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PCcOAQAAMAAJ| access-date=1 August 2012| date=1 April 1999| publisher=ABC-CLIO| isbn=978-1-57607-155-7}}</ref><ref name="Incorporated2000">{{cite book| author=Grolier Incorporated| title=The Encyclopedia Americana, pp. 892 & 905| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IA01AAAAMAAJ| access-date=1 August 2012| year=2000| publisher=Grolier| isbn=978-0-7172-0133-4}}</ref> Promotional literature for the [[Gaelic Athletic Association]] revival of the games in 1924 claimed a later date of their foundation in 632 BC. The games were known to have been held between the 6th and 9th centuries AD.<ref name="Koch2006">{{cite book| author=John T. Koch| title=Celtic Culture: A Historical Encyclopedia| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=f899xH_quaMC&pg=PA777| access-date=31 July 2012| year=2006| publisher=ABC-CLIO| isbn=978-1-85109-440-0| pages=777–}}</ref> The games were held until 1169–1171 AD when they died out after the [[Norman invasion of Ireland|Norman invasion]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.theirishstory.com/2011/02/23/the-tailteann-games-1924-1936/|title=The Tailteann Games, 1924-1936|work=The Irish Story}}</ref><ref>Melvyn Watman, ''History of British Athletics''. Hale, London, 1968.</ref> The ancient Aonach had three functions: honoring the dead, proclaiming [[law]]s, and funeral games and festivities to entertain. The first function took between one and three days depending on the importance of the deceased. Guests would sing mourning chants called the ''Guba'', after which [[druid]]s would improvise ''[[Cepóg]]s'', songs in memory of the dead. The dead would then be burnt on a [[funeral pyre]]. The second function would then be carried out during a universal [[truce]] by the Ollamh Érenn, giving out laws to the people via [[bard]]s and druids and culminating in the igniting of another massive fire. The custom of rejoicing after a funeral was then enshrined in the ''[[Cuiteach Fuait]]'', games of mental and physical ability.<ref name="Nally2008"/> Games included the [[long jump]], [[high jump]], running, [[hurling]], [[spear]] throwing, [[boxing]], contests in [[swordfighting]], [[archery]], [[wrestling]], [[Swimming (sport)|swimming]], and [[chariot]] and [[horse racing]]. They also included competitions in [[strategy]], [[singing]], [[dancing]] and [[story-telling]], along with crafts competitions for [[goldsmith]]s, [[jeweller]]s, [[weaving|weavers]] and [[armourer]]s. Along with ensuring a [[meritocracy]], the games would also feature a mass [[arranged marriage]], where couples met for the first time and were given up to a year and a day to [[divorce]] on the hills of separation.<ref name="Nally2008"/> In later [[medieval]] times, the games were revived and called the Tailten Fair, consisting of contests of strength and skill, horse races, religious celebrations, and a traditional time for couples to contract "[[Handfasting (Neopaganism)|handfasting]]" trial marriages. "Taillten marriages" were legal up until the 13th century. This trial marriage practice is documented in the fourth and fifth volumes of the [[Brehon]] law texts, which are compilations of the opinions and judgements of the Brehon class of Druids (in this case, Irish). The texts as a whole deal with copious detail for the Insular Celts.<ref>O'Donovan, J., O'Curry, E., Hancock, W. N., O'Mahony, T., [[Alexander George Richey|Richey, A. G.]], [[William Maunsell Hennessy|Hennessy, W. M.]], & Atkinson, R. (eds.) (2000). ''Ancient laws of Ireland, published under direction of the Commissioners for Publishing the Ancient Laws and Institutes of Ireland.'' Buffalo, New York: W.S. Hein. {{ISBN|1-57588-572-7}}. (Originally published: Dublin: A. Thom, 1865-1901. Alternatively known as ''Hiberniae leges et institutiones antiquae''.)</ref> ==Modern revivals and legacy [[File:Fireworks at the First Tailteann Games August 15, 1924.jpg|thumb|Fireworks at the first Games, August 15, 1924]] {{main|Tailteann Games (Irish Free State)}} From the late nineteenth century, the [[Gaelic Athletic Association]] (GAA) and others in the [[Gaelic revival]] contemplated [[Tailteann Games (Irish Free State)|reviving the Tailteann Games]]. The GAA's 1888 championships [[1888 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship|of football]] and [[1888 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship|of hurling]] were unfinished owing to the [[American Invasion Tour]], an unsuccessful attempt to raise funds for a revival.<ref name="Cronin2007">{{cite journal|last=Cronin|first=Mike|year=2007|title=The Gaelic Athletic Association's Invasion of America, 1888: Travel Narratives, Microhistory and the Irish American 'Other'|journal=Sport in History|volume=27|issue=2|pages=190–216|issn=1746-0263|doi=10.1080/17460260701437011|s2cid=143931786}}</ref> The [[2nd Dáil]] approved a scheme in 1922,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://oireachtasdebates.oireachtas.ie/debates%20authoring/debateswebpack.nsf/takes/dail1922060800005 |title=Iomadoirí Iasachta|work=Second Dáil debates|publisher=8 June 1922|access-date=31 July 2017}}</ref> and after a delay caused by the [[Irish Civil War]] the first was held in 1924. Open to foreigners of Irish heritage, the first games of 1924 and 1928 attracted some competitors fresh from the Olympics in Paris and Amsterdam. The Games' main backer, minister [[J. J. Walsh]], lost office when [[Government of the 7th Dáil|Fianna Fáil took power]] after the [[1932 Irish general election|1932 election]], and public funding was cut. The 1932 games were on a smaller scale against a background of the [[Great Depression]] and the [[Anglo-Irish Trade War]], and no further games were held.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Cronin|first=Mike|year=2016|title=Projecting the Nation through Sport and Culture: Ireland, Aonach Tailteann and the Irish Free State, 1924-32|journal=Journal of Contemporary History|volume=38|issue=3|pages=395–411|issn=0022-0094|doi=10.1177/0022009403038003004 |jstor=3180644|s2cid=146215048}}</ref> [[Jack Fitzsimons]] suggested reviving the Tailteann Games in a 1985 [[Seanad Éireann]] debate on [[tourism in Ireland]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://oireachtasdebates.oireachtas.ie/debates%20authoring/debateswebpack.nsf/takes/seanad1985120500005#N143 |title=White Paper on Tourism Policy: Motion (Resumed) |last=Fitzsimons|first=Jack|date=5 December 1985 |work=Seanad Éireann Debates|publisher=Oireachtas |quote=Teltown is not far from Kells. The Tailteann games were world-renowned. They could be revived. There is great potential in this area. |no-pp=y|page=Vol.110 no.6 p.5 c.715 |access-date=2 August 2017}}</ref> The [[Rás Tailteann]] ("Tailteann race") cycling race was founded in 1953 by the [[National Cycling Association]] (NCA), in opposition to the [[Tour of Ireland]] organised by the rival [[Cumann Rothaíochta na hÉireann]] (CRÉ). [[Cycling Ireland]], the merged successor to both the NCA and CRÉ, still organises the Rás Tailteann annually, but it is usually known as "the [sponsor] Rás", or simply "the Rás".<ref>{{cite press release |url=http://www.cyclingireland.ie/cycling-news-item/donegal-ras-cycling-team/236|title=Donegal Ras Cycling Team|date=13 May 2014 |quote=This is the fourth year of An Post's sponsorship of the celebrated Rás Tailteann, which is more commonly known as The Rás.|publisher=Cycling Ireland|access-date=1 August 2017}}</ref> The Irish Secondary Schools Athletic Association organised annual national championships from 1963 under the name "Junior Tailteann Games".<ref name="athleticsireland2005">{{cite web|url=http://www.athleticsireland.ie/downloads/other/Schools_ROH_1916-MASTER8thMay.pdf#page=2 |format=PDF|title=Irish Schools Athletics Champions 1916-2015|date=8 May 2015|page=2|access-date=1 August 2017}}</ref> [[Athletics Ireland]] continues to use the name "Tailteann Games" for its annual schools inter-[[Provinces of Ireland|provincial]] championships.<ref name="athleticsireland2005"/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.athleticsireland.ie/news/tailteann-games-provide-another-thrilling-spectacle/|title=Tailteann Games provide another thrilling spectacle|date=26 June 2017|publisher=Athletics Ireland|access-date=1 August 2017}}</ref> also independently the tailteann games are an inter-[[gaeltacht]] event that includes other activities.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.irishcentral.com/roots/history/tailteann-games-athletics|title=Incredible images from the Tailteann Games, the ancient Irish predecessor to the Olympics|date=4 May 2018}}</ref> The [[Gaelic Athletic Association]]'s (GAA) [[Tailteann Cup]], established in 2022, takes its name from the ancient games.<ref>{{cite news |title=Tailteann Cup Q&A |url=https://www.irishtimes.com/sport/gaelic-games/tailteann-cup-q-a-1.4880097 |work=[[The Irish Times]]}}</ref> [[Páirc Tailteann]], a GAA stadium in [[Navan]], County Meath, also takes its name from the games. ==See also * [[Tailteann Games (Irish Free State)]], a revival held 1924–1932 * Tailteann Games of [[Athletics Ireland]], a revival since 1963 in the form of schools' inter-provincial championships * [[Ancient Olympic Games]], a similar tradition in classical Greece, c. 776 BC – 393 AD ==Annalistic references See [[Annals of Inisfallen]] * ''AI875.1 Kl. Muiredach son of Bran, king of Laigin, harried UíNéill as far as Sliab Fuait, and the Fair of Tailltiu was held.'' ==Sources * [[Lewis Spence]], ''The History and Origins of Druidism'' * [[Elizabeth Pepper]] and [[John Wilcock]], ''Magical and Mystical Sites'' ==External links {{wikisource|Folk-Lore/Volume 31/The Marriages of the Gods at the Sanctuary of Tailltiu}} * [https://archive.org/details/aonactailteannta00nalliala Nally, T.H., The Aonac Tailteann and the Tailteann Games Their History and Ancient Associations - Full text on archive.org] == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = }} [[Catagóir:Miotaseolaíocht na nGael]] [[Catagóir:An Mheánaois in Éirinn]] [[Category:Lugh]] == Buntásc== __NOINDEX__ __NOTOC__ mosn4xbc9bmat4tb274vdmm6xz6vct0 1318134 1318133 2026-06-20T22:13:27Z Marcas.oduinn 33120 /* */ 1318134 wikitext text/x-wiki [ [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Tionscadal|Tionscadal]] ] * [[Speisialta:Statistics]] (23/10/25 -> reatha) ** 134 -> {{NUMBEROFACTIVEUSERS}} duine ar bhonn rialta ** 62,524 -> {{NUMBEROFARTICLES}} alt * [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Teimpléid|Teimpléid]] atá ar fáil * [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Wikidata list|Wikidata list]]s * [[:Catagóir:Leathanaigh le luas-scrios]] * -[[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/An Féineachas|An Féineachas]]- * -[[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Réigiúin|Réigiúin]]- (an tAontas Eorpach, NUTS srl.) * -[[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Lochanna|Lochanna]]- * [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Comhshaol|Comhshaol]]/Timpeallacht * ([[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Tuamaí|Tuamaí]]) * ([[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Téamh Domhanda|Téamh Domhanda]]) * [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Scéalta|Scéalta]] * [[James Clarence Mangan]]=[[Séamus Ó Mangáin]], [[Carthach is Sine]], [[Áth Eine]], [[Cearbhall mac Lochlainn Ó Dálaigh]], [[Seán mac Fergail Óicc Ó hUiccinn]]=[[Seán mac Feargail Óig Ó hUiginn]] * [[Bailiúchán Egerton]], [[Aonach Thailtean]] {| class=wikitable |- ! Dream !! Ríocht !! Ríthe |- | [[Laighin]] || [[Ríocht na Laighean]] || [[Ríthe na Laighean]] |- | colspan=2 | [[Connachta]] || [[Ríthe na gConnacht]] |- | [[Dáirine]] || [[Ríocht na Mumhan]] || [[Ríthe na Mumhan]] |- | colspan=2 | [[Ulaid]] || [[Ríthe na nUladh]] |} == Aonach Tailteann == The '''[[Aonach]] Tailteann''' was [[funeral games (antiquity)|funeral games]] associated with the semi-legendary history of [[History of Ireland|Pre-Christian Ireland]]. There is a complex of ancient [[Earthworks (archaeology)|earthworks]] dating to the [[Iron Age]] in the area of [[Teltown]] where the festival was historically known to be celebrated off and on from [[medieval times]] into the [[modern era]].<ref name="Nally2008">{{cite book| author=T. H. Nally| title=The Aonac Tailteann and the Tailteann Games, Their History and Ancient Associations| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SObPJ02EiwMC| access-date=31 July 2012| date=30 June 2008| publisher=Jesson Press| isbn=978-1-4097-8189-9}}</ref><ref>[http://www.independent.ie/sport/other-sports/tailteann-games-place-in-history-going-for-a-song-1037527.html Tailteann Games place in history going for a song] By Seán Diffley, ''Irish Independent'', Saturday July 14, 2007</ref><ref name="Quinn">{{Cite web |url=http://www.eirgridnortheastprojects.com/media/14.8%20Telltown%20Impact%20Assessment%20Report.pdf |title=Malcolm, Nigel., & Quinn, Billy., Teltown Impact Assessment Report, 2009. |access-date=14 August 2012 |archive-date=25 October 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141025210036/http://www.eirgridnortheastprojects.com/media/14.8%20Telltown%20Impact%20Assessment%20Report.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> ==History and archaeology The games were founded, according to the ''[[Book of Invasions]]'', by [[Lugh|Lugh Lámhfhada]], the [[Ollamh Érenn]] (master craftsman or doctor of the sciences), as a mourning ceremony for the death of his foster-mother [[Tailtiu]]. Lugh buried Tailtiu underneath a mound in an area that took her name and was later called [[Teltown|Tailteann]] in [[County Meath]].<ref>Lebor Gabála Érenn, original text edited and translated by R A Stewart Macalister, D. Litt, Part IV: Irish Texts Society, Volume 41, pp. 59, 115, 117, 149, 177, 179, London 1941. {{ISBN|1-870166-41-8}}.</ref> The event was held during the last fortnight of July and culminated with the celebration of [[Lughnasadh]], or [[Lammas]] Eve (1 August).<ref name="Keating1866">{{cite book| author=Geoffrey Keating| title=Foras feasa ar Eirinn ... The history of Ireland, tr. and annotated by J. O'Mahony| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cAEHAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA301| access-date=1 July 2012| year=1866| pages=301–}}</ref> Modern folklore claims that the Tailteann Games started around 1600 BC, with some sources claiming as far back as 1829 BC.<ref>{{cite book| author1=Tim Delaney| author2=Tim Madigan| title=The Sociology of Sports: An Introduction| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YEybKqyfVNwC&pg=PA42| access-date=12 August 2012| date=30 April 2009| publisher=McFarland| isbn=978-0-7864-4169-3| pages=42–}}</ref><ref>{{cite book| author=William H. Freeman| title=Physical Education, Exercise and Sport Science in a Changing Society| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gDN6Qimp7YIC&pg=PA80| access-date=12 August 2012| date=21 January 2011| publisher=Jones & Bartlett Publishers| isbn=978-0-7637-8157-6| pages=80–}}</ref><ref>{{cite book| author=Peter Matthews| title=Historical Dictionary of Track and Field| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dQFHe9RwE0wC&pg=PA2| access-date=12 August 2012| date=22 March 2012| publisher=Scarecrow Press| isbn=978-0-8108-6781-9| pages=2–}}</ref><ref>{{cite book| author1=Martin Connors| author2=Diane L. Dupuis| author3=Brad Morgan| title=The Olympics factbook: a spectator's guide to the winter and summer games| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CKFuAAAAMAAJ| access-date=12 August 2012| year=1992| publisher=Visible Ink| isbn=978-0-8103-9417-9}}</ref><ref name="Brown1985">{{cite book| author=Terence Brown| title=Ireland: a social and cultural history, 1922-1985, p. 82| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4FEGrCkdj-0C| access-date=11 August 2012| year=1985| publisher=Fontana Press| isbn=978-0-00-686082-2}}</ref><ref name="MellershWilliams1999">{{cite book| author1=H. E. L. Mellersh| author2=Neville Williams| title=Chronology of world history, p. 15| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PCcOAQAAMAAJ| access-date=1 August 2012| date=1 April 1999| publisher=ABC-CLIO| isbn=978-1-57607-155-7}}</ref><ref name="Incorporated2000">{{cite book| author=Grolier Incorporated| title=The Encyclopedia Americana, pp. 892 & 905| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IA01AAAAMAAJ| access-date=1 August 2012| year=2000| publisher=Grolier| isbn=978-0-7172-0133-4}}</ref> Promotional literature for the [[Gaelic Athletic Association]] revival of the games in 1924 claimed a later date of their foundation in 632 BC. The games were known to have been held between the 6th and 9th centuries AD.<ref name="Koch2006">{{cite book| author=John T. Koch| title=Celtic Culture: A Historical Encyclopedia| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=f899xH_quaMC&pg=PA777| access-date=31 July 2012| year=2006| publisher=ABC-CLIO| isbn=978-1-85109-440-0| pages=777–}}</ref> The games were held until 1169–1171 AD when they died out after the [[Norman invasion of Ireland|Norman invasion]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.theirishstory.com/2011/02/23/the-tailteann-games-1924-1936/|title=The Tailteann Games, 1924-1936|work=The Irish Story}}</ref><ref>Melvyn Watman, ''History of British Athletics''. Hale, London, 1968.</ref> The ancient Aonach had three functions: honoring the dead, proclaiming [[law]]s, and funeral games and festivities to entertain. The first function took between one and three days depending on the importance of the deceased. Guests would sing mourning chants called the ''Guba'', after which [[druid]]s would improvise ''[[Cepóg]]s'', songs in memory of the dead. The dead would then be burnt on a [[funeral pyre]]. The second function would then be carried out during a universal [[truce]] by the Ollamh Érenn, giving out laws to the people via [[bard]]s and druids and culminating in the igniting of another massive fire. The custom of rejoicing after a funeral was then enshrined in the ''[[Cuiteach Fuait]]'', games of mental and physical ability.<ref name="Nally2008"/> Games included the [[long jump]], [[high jump]], running, [[hurling]], [[spear]] throwing, [[boxing]], contests in [[swordfighting]], [[archery]], [[wrestling]], [[Swimming (sport)|swimming]], and [[chariot]] and [[horse racing]]. They also included competitions in [[strategy]], [[singing]], [[dancing]] and [[story-telling]], along with crafts competitions for [[goldsmith]]s, [[jeweller]]s, [[weaving|weavers]] and [[armourer]]s. Along with ensuring a [[meritocracy]], the games would also feature a mass [[arranged marriage]], where couples met for the first time and were given up to a year and a day to [[divorce]] on the hills of separation.<ref name="Nally2008"/> In later [[medieval]] times, the games were revived and called the Tailten Fair, consisting of contests of strength and skill, horse races, religious celebrations, and a traditional time for couples to contract "[[Handfasting (Neopaganism)|handfasting]]" trial marriages. "Taillten marriages" were legal up until the 13th century. This trial marriage practice is documented in the fourth and fifth volumes of the [[Brehon]] law texts, which are compilations of the opinions and judgements of the Brehon class of Druids (in this case, Irish). The texts as a whole deal with copious detail for the Insular Celts.<ref>O'Donovan, J., O'Curry, E., Hancock, W. N., O'Mahony, T., [[Alexander George Richey|Richey, A. G.]], [[William Maunsell Hennessy|Hennessy, W. M.]], & Atkinson, R. (eds.) (2000). ''Ancient laws of Ireland, published under direction of the Commissioners for Publishing the Ancient Laws and Institutes of Ireland.'' Buffalo, New York: W.S. Hein. {{ISBN|1-57588-572-7}}. (Originally published: Dublin: A. Thom, 1865-1901. Alternatively known as ''Hiberniae leges et institutiones antiquae''.)</ref> ==Modern revivals and legacy [[File:Fireworks at the First Tailteann Games August 15, 1924.jpg|thumb|Fireworks at the first Games, August 15, 1924]] {{main|Tailteann Games (Irish Free State)}} From the late nineteenth century, the [[Gaelic Athletic Association]] (GAA) and others in the [[Gaelic revival]] contemplated [[Tailteann Games (Irish Free State)|reviving the Tailteann Games]]. The GAA's 1888 championships [[1888 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship|of football]] and [[1888 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship|of hurling]] were unfinished owing to the [[American Invasion Tour]], an unsuccessful attempt to raise funds for a revival.<ref name="Cronin2007">{{cite journal|last=Cronin|first=Mike|year=2007|title=The Gaelic Athletic Association's Invasion of America, 1888: Travel Narratives, Microhistory and the Irish American 'Other'|journal=Sport in History|volume=27|issue=2|pages=190–216|issn=1746-0263|doi=10.1080/17460260701437011|s2cid=143931786}}</ref> The [[2nd Dáil]] approved a scheme in 1922,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://oireachtasdebates.oireachtas.ie/debates%20authoring/debateswebpack.nsf/takes/dail1922060800005 |title=Iomadoirí Iasachta|work=Second Dáil debates|publisher=8 June 1922|access-date=31 July 2017}}</ref> and after a delay caused by the [[Irish Civil War]] the first was held in 1924. Open to foreigners of Irish heritage, the first games of 1924 and 1928 attracted some competitors fresh from the Olympics in Paris and Amsterdam. The Games' main backer, minister [[J. J. Walsh]], lost office when [[Government of the 7th Dáil|Fianna Fáil took power]] after the [[1932 Irish general election|1932 election]], and public funding was cut. The 1932 games were on a smaller scale against a background of the [[Great Depression]] and the [[Anglo-Irish Trade War]], and no further games were held.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Cronin|first=Mike|year=2016|title=Projecting the Nation through Sport and Culture: Ireland, Aonach Tailteann and the Irish Free State, 1924-32|journal=Journal of Contemporary History|volume=38|issue=3|pages=395–411|issn=0022-0094|doi=10.1177/0022009403038003004 |jstor=3180644|s2cid=146215048}}</ref> [[Jack Fitzsimons]] suggested reviving the Tailteann Games in a 1985 [[Seanad Éireann]] debate on [[tourism in Ireland]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://oireachtasdebates.oireachtas.ie/debates%20authoring/debateswebpack.nsf/takes/seanad1985120500005#N143 |title=White Paper on Tourism Policy: Motion (Resumed) |last=Fitzsimons|first=Jack|date=5 December 1985 |work=Seanad Éireann Debates|publisher=Oireachtas |quote=Teltown is not far from Kells. The Tailteann games were world-renowned. They could be revived. There is great potential in this area. |no-pp=y|page=Vol.110 no.6 p.5 c.715 |access-date=2 August 2017}}</ref> The [[Rás Tailteann]] ("Tailteann race") cycling race was founded in 1953 by the [[National Cycling Association]] (NCA), in opposition to the [[Tour of Ireland]] organised by the rival [[Cumann Rothaíochta na hÉireann]] (CRÉ). [[Cycling Ireland]], the merged successor to both the NCA and CRÉ, still organises the Rás Tailteann annually, but it is usually known as "the [sponsor] Rás", or simply "the Rás".<ref>{{cite press release |url=http://www.cyclingireland.ie/cycling-news-item/donegal-ras-cycling-team/236|title=Donegal Ras Cycling Team|date=13 May 2014 |quote=This is the fourth year of An Post's sponsorship of the celebrated Rás Tailteann, which is more commonly known as The Rás.|publisher=Cycling Ireland|access-date=1 August 2017}}</ref> The Irish Secondary Schools Athletic Association organised annual national championships from 1963 under the name "Junior Tailteann Games".<ref name="athleticsireland2005">{{cite web|url=http://www.athleticsireland.ie/downloads/other/Schools_ROH_1916-MASTER8thMay.pdf#page=2 |format=PDF|title=Irish Schools Athletics Champions 1916-2015|date=8 May 2015|page=2|access-date=1 August 2017}}</ref> [[Athletics Ireland]] continues to use the name "Tailteann Games" for its annual schools inter-[[Provinces of Ireland|provincial]] championships.<ref name="athleticsireland2005"/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.athleticsireland.ie/news/tailteann-games-provide-another-thrilling-spectacle/|title=Tailteann Games provide another thrilling spectacle|date=26 June 2017|publisher=Athletics Ireland|access-date=1 August 2017}}</ref> also independently the tailteann games are an inter-[[gaeltacht]] event that includes other activities.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.irishcentral.com/roots/history/tailteann-games-athletics|title=Incredible images from the Tailteann Games, the ancient Irish predecessor to the Olympics|date=4 May 2018}}</ref> The [[Gaelic Athletic Association]]'s (GAA) [[Tailteann Cup]], established in 2022, takes its name from the ancient games.<ref>{{cite news |title=Tailteann Cup Q&A |url=https://www.irishtimes.com/sport/gaelic-games/tailteann-cup-q-a-1.4880097 |work=[[The Irish Times]]}}</ref> [[Páirc Tailteann]], a GAA stadium in [[Navan]], County Meath, also takes its name from the games. ==See also * [[Tailteann Games (Irish Free State)]], a revival held 1924–1932 * Tailteann Games of [[Athletics Ireland]], a revival since 1963 in the form of schools' inter-provincial championships * [[Ancient Olympic Games]], a similar tradition in classical Greece, c. 776 BC – 393 AD ==Annalistic references See [[Annals of Inisfallen]] * ''AI875.1 Kl. Muiredach son of Bran, king of Laigin, harried UíNéill as far as Sliab Fuait, and the Fair of Tailltiu was held.'' ==Sources * [[Lewis Spence]], ''The History and Origins of Druidism'' * [[Elizabeth Pepper]] and [[John Wilcock]], ''Magical and Mystical Sites'' ==External links {{wikisource|Folk-Lore/Volume 31/The Marriages of the Gods at the Sanctuary of Tailltiu}} * [https://archive.org/details/aonactailteannta00nalliala Nally, T.H., The Aonac Tailteann and the Tailteann Games Their History and Ancient Associations - Full text on archive.org] == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = }} [[Catagóir:Miotaseolaíocht na nGael]] [[Catagóir:An Mheánaois in Éirinn]] [[Category:Lugh]] == Buntásc== __NOINDEX__ __NOTOC__ lgz8tsh1ycxey0ohfxsyb5imj79rjll 1318136 1318134 2026-06-20T22:18:49Z Marcas.oduinn 33120 /* Aonach Thailteann */ 1318136 wikitext text/x-wiki [ [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Tionscadal|Tionscadal]] ] * [[Speisialta:Statistics]] (23/10/25 -> reatha) ** 134 -> {{NUMBEROFACTIVEUSERS}} duine ar bhonn rialta ** 62,524 -> {{NUMBEROFARTICLES}} alt * [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Teimpléid|Teimpléid]] atá ar fáil * [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Wikidata list|Wikidata list]]s * [[:Catagóir:Leathanaigh le luas-scrios]] * -[[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/An Féineachas|An Féineachas]]- * -[[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Réigiúin|Réigiúin]]- (an tAontas Eorpach, NUTS srl.) * -[[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Lochanna|Lochanna]]- * [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Comhshaol|Comhshaol]]/Timpeallacht * ([[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Tuamaí|Tuamaí]]) * ([[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Téamh Domhanda|Téamh Domhanda]]) * [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Scéalta|Scéalta]] * [[James Clarence Mangan]]=[[Séamus Ó Mangáin]], [[Carthach is Sine]], [[Áth Eine]], [[Cearbhall mac Lochlainn Ó Dálaigh]], [[Seán mac Fergail Óicc Ó hUiccinn]]=[[Seán mac Feargail Óig Ó hUiginn]] * [[Bailiúchán Egerton]], [[Aonach Thailtean]] {| class=wikitable |- ! Dream !! Ríocht !! Ríthe |- | [[Laighin]] || [[Ríocht na Laighean]] || [[Ríthe na Laighean]] |- | colspan=2 | [[Connachta]] || [[Ríthe na gConnacht]] |- | [[Dáirine]] || [[Ríocht na Mumhan]] || [[Ríthe na Mumhan]] |- | colspan=2 | [[Ulaid]] || [[Ríthe na nUladh]] |} == Aonach Thailteann == '' The '''Aonach Thailteann''' was [[funeral games (antiquity)|funeral games]] associated with the semi-legendary history of [[History of Ireland|Pre-Christian Ireland]]. '' There is a complex of ancient [[Earthworks (archaeology)|earthworks]] dating to the [[Iron Age]] in the area of [[Teltown]] where the festival was historically known to be celebrated off and on from [[medieval times]] into the [[modern era]].<ref name="Nally2008">{{cite book| author=T. H. Nally| title=The Aonac Tailteann and the Tailteann Games, Their History and Ancient Associations| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SObPJ02EiwMC| access-date=31 July 2012| date=30 June 2008| publisher=Jesson Press| isbn=978-1-4097-8189-9}}</ref><ref>[http://www.independent.ie/sport/other-sports/tailteann-games-place-in-history-going-for-a-song-1037527.html Tailteann Games place in history going for a song] By Seán Diffley, ''Irish Independent'', Saturday July 14, 2007</ref><ref name="Quinn">{{Cite web |url=http://www.eirgridnortheastprojects.com/media/14.8%20Telltown%20Impact%20Assessment%20Report.pdf |title=Malcolm, Nigel., & Quinn, Billy., Teltown Impact Assessment Report, 2009. |access-date=14 August 2012 |archive-date=25 October 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141025210036/http://www.eirgridnortheastprojects.com/media/14.8%20Telltown%20Impact%20Assessment%20Report.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> == History and archaeology '' The games were founded, according to the ''[[Book of Invasions]]'', by [[Lugh|Lugh Lámhfhada]], the [[Ollamh Érenn]] (master craftsman or doctor of the sciences), as a mourning ceremony for the death of his foster-mother [[Tailtiu]]. Lugh buried Tailtiu underneath a mound in an area that took her name and was later called [[Teltown|Tailteann]] in [[County Meath]].<ref>Lebor Gabála Érenn, original text edited and translated by R A Stewart Macalister, D. Litt, Part IV: Irish Texts Society, Volume 41, pp. 59, 115, 117, 149, 177, 179, London 1941. {{ISBN|1-870166-41-8}}.</ref> '' The event was held during the last fortnight of July and culminated with the celebration of [[Lughnasadh]], or [[Lammas]] Eve (1 August).<ref name="Keating1866">{{cite book| author=Geoffrey Keating| title=Foras feasa ar Eirinn ... The history of Ireland, tr. and annotated by J. O'Mahony| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cAEHAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA301| access-date=1 July 2012| year=1866| pages=301–}}</ref> Modern folklore claims that the Tailteann Games started around 1600 BC, with some sources claiming as far back as 1829 BC.<ref>{{cite book| author1=Tim Delaney| author2=Tim Madigan| title=The Sociology of Sports: An Introduction| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YEybKqyfVNwC&pg=PA42| access-date=12 August 2012| date=30 April 2009| publisher=McFarland| isbn=978-0-7864-4169-3| pages=42–}}</ref><ref>{{cite book| author=William H. Freeman| title=Physical Education, Exercise and Sport Science in a Changing Society| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gDN6Qimp7YIC&pg=PA80| access-date=12 August 2012| date=21 January 2011| publisher=Jones & Bartlett Publishers| isbn=978-0-7637-8157-6| pages=80–}}</ref><ref>{{cite book| author=Peter Matthews| title=Historical Dictionary of Track and Field| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dQFHe9RwE0wC&pg=PA2| access-date=12 August 2012| date=22 March 2012| publisher=Scarecrow Press| isbn=978-0-8108-6781-9| pages=2–}}</ref><ref>{{cite book| author1=Martin Connors| author2=Diane L. Dupuis| author3=Brad Morgan| title=The Olympics factbook: a spectator's guide to the winter and summer games| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CKFuAAAAMAAJ| access-date=12 August 2012| year=1992| publisher=Visible Ink| isbn=978-0-8103-9417-9}}</ref><ref name="Brown1985">{{cite book| author=Terence Brown| title=Ireland: a social and cultural history, 1922-1985, p. 82| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4FEGrCkdj-0C| access-date=11 August 2012| year=1985| publisher=Fontana Press| isbn=978-0-00-686082-2}}</ref><ref name="MellershWilliams1999">{{cite book| author1=H. E. L. Mellersh| author2=Neville Williams| title=Chronology of world history, p. 15| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PCcOAQAAMAAJ| access-date=1 August 2012| date=1 April 1999| publisher=ABC-CLIO| isbn=978-1-57607-155-7}}</ref><ref name="Incorporated2000">{{cite book| author=Grolier Incorporated| title=The Encyclopedia Americana, pp. 892 & 905| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IA01AAAAMAAJ| access-date=1 August 2012| year=2000| publisher=Grolier| isbn=978-0-7172-0133-4}}</ref> Promotional literature for the [[Gaelic Athletic Association]] revival of the games in 1924 claimed a later date of their foundation in 632 BC. The games were known to have been held between the 6th and 9th centuries AD.<ref name="Koch2006">{{cite book| author=John T. Koch| title=Celtic Culture: A Historical Encyclopedia| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=f899xH_quaMC&pg=PA777| access-date=31 July 2012| year=2006| publisher=ABC-CLIO| isbn=978-1-85109-440-0| pages=777–}}</ref> The games were held until 1169–1171 AD when they died out after the [[Norman invasion of Ireland|Norman invasion]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.theirishstory.com/2011/02/23/the-tailteann-games-1924-1936/|title=The Tailteann Games, 1924-1936|work=The Irish Story}}</ref><ref>Melvyn Watman, ''History of British Athletics''. Hale, London, 1968.</ref> '' The ancient Aonach had three functions: honoring the dead, proclaiming [[law]]s, and funeral games and festivities to entertain. The first function took between one and three days depending on the importance of the deceased. Guests would sing mourning chants called the ''Guba'', after which [[druid]]s would improvise ''[[Cepóg]]s'', songs in memory of the dead. The dead would then be burnt on a [[funeral pyre]]. The second function would then be carried out during a universal [[truce]] by the Ollamh Érenn, giving out laws to the people via [[bard]]s and druids and culminating in the igniting of another massive fire. The custom of rejoicing after a funeral was then enshrined in the ''[[Cuiteach Fuait]]'', games of mental and physical ability.<ref name="Nally2008"/> '' Games included the [[long jump]], [[high jump]], running, [[hurling]], [[spear]] throwing, [[boxing]], contests in [[swordfighting]], [[archery]], [[wrestling]], [[Swimming (sport)|swimming]], and [[chariot]] and [[horse racing]]. They also included competitions in [[strategy]], [[singing]], [[dancing]] and [[story-telling]], along with crafts competitions for [[goldsmith]]s, [[jeweller]]s, [[weaving|weavers]] and [[armourer]]s. Along with ensuring a [[meritocracy]], the games would also feature a mass [[arranged marriage]], where couples met for the first time and were given up to a year and a day to [[divorce]] on the hills of separation.<ref name="Nally2008"/> '' In later [[medieval]] times, the games were revived and called the Tailten Fair, consisting of contests of strength and skill, horse races, religious celebrations, and a traditional time for couples to contract "[[Handfasting (Neopaganism)|handfasting]]" trial marriages. "Taillten marriages" were legal up until the 13th century. This trial marriage practice is documented in the fourth and fifth volumes of the [[Brehon]] law texts, which are compilations of the opinions and judgements of the Brehon class of Druids (in this case, Irish). The texts as a whole deal with copious detail for the Insular Celts.<ref>O'Donovan, J., O'Curry, E., Hancock, W. N., O'Mahony, T., [[Alexander George Richey|Richey, A. G.]], [[William Maunsell Hennessy|Hennessy, W. M.]], & Atkinson, R. (eds.) (2000). ''Ancient laws of Ireland, published under direction of the Commissioners for Publishing the Ancient Laws and Institutes of Ireland.'' Buffalo, New York: W.S. Hein. {{ISBN|1-57588-572-7}}. (Originally published: Dublin: A. Thom, 1865-1901. Alternatively known as ''Hiberniae leges et institutiones antiquae''.)</ref> ==Modern revivals and legacy [[Íomhá:Fireworks at the First Tailteann Games August 15, 1924.jpg| mion |Fireworks at the first Games, August 15, 1924]] {{main|Tailteann Games (Irish Free State)}} '' From the late nineteenth century, the [[Gaelic Athletic Association]] (GAA) and others in the [[Gaelic revival]] contemplated [[Tailteann Games (Irish Free State)|reviving the Tailteann Games]]. The GAA's 1888 championships [[1888 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship|of football]] and [[1888 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship|of hurling]] were unfinished owing to the [[American Invasion Tour]], an unsuccessful attempt to raise funds for a revival.<ref name="Cronin2007">{{cite journal|last=Cronin|first=Mike|year=2007|title=The Gaelic Athletic Association's Invasion of America, 1888: Travel Narratives, Microhistory and the Irish American 'Other'|journal=Sport in History|volume=27|issue=2|pages=190–216|issn=1746-0263|doi=10.1080/17460260701437011|s2cid=143931786}}</ref> '' The [[2nd Dáil]] approved a scheme in 1922,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://oireachtasdebates.oireachtas.ie/debates%20authoring/debateswebpack.nsf/takes/dail1922060800005 |title=Iomadoirí Iasachta|work=Second Dáil debates|publisher=8 June 1922|access-date=31 July 2017}}</ref> and after a delay caused by the [[Irish Civil War]] the first was held in 1924. Open to foreigners of Irish heritage, the first games of 1924 and 1928 attracted some competitors fresh from the Olympics in Paris and Amsterdam. The Games' main backer, minister [[J. J. Walsh]], lost office when [[Government of the 7th Dáil|Fianna Fáil took power]] after the [[1932 Irish general election|1932 election]], and public funding was cut. The 1932 games were on a smaller scale against a background of the [[Great Depression]] and the [[Anglo-Irish Trade War]], and no further games were held.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Cronin|first=Mike|year=2016|title=Projecting the Nation through Sport and Culture: Ireland, Aonach Tailteann and the Irish Free State, 1924-32|journal=Journal of Contemporary History|volume=38|issue=3|pages=395–411|issn=0022-0094|doi=10.1177/0022009403038003004 |jstor=3180644|s2cid=146215048}}</ref> '' [[Jack Fitzsimons]] suggested reviving the Tailteann Games in a 1985 [[Seanad Éireann]] debate on [[tourism in Ireland]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://oireachtasdebates.oireachtas.ie/debates%20authoring/debateswebpack.nsf/takes/seanad1985120500005#N143 |title=White Paper on Tourism Policy: Motion (Resumed) |last=Fitzsimons|first=Jack|date=5 December 1985 |work=Seanad Éireann Debates|publisher=Oireachtas |quote=Teltown is not far from Kells. The Tailteann games were world-renowned. They could be revived. There is great potential in this area. |no-pp=y|page=Vol.110 no.6 p.5 c.715 |access-date=2 August 2017}}</ref> '' The [[Rás Tailteann]] cycling race was founded in 1953 by the [[National Cycling Association]] (NCA), in opposition to the [[Tour of Ireland]] organised by the rival [[Cumann Rothaíochta na hÉireann]] (CRÉ). [[Cycling Ireland]], the merged successor to both the NCA and CRÉ, still organises the Rás Tailteann annually, but it is usually known as "the [sponsor] Rás", or simply "the Rás".<ref>{{cite press release |url=http://www.cyclingireland.ie/cycling-news-item/donegal-ras-cycling-team/236|title=Donegal Ras Cycling Team|date=13 May 2014 |quote=This is the fourth year of An Post's sponsorship of the celebrated Rás Tailteann, which is more commonly known as The Rás.|publisher=Cycling Ireland|access-date=1 August 2017}}</ref> '' The Irish Secondary Schools Athletic Association organised annual national championships from 1963 under the name "Junior Tailteann Games".<ref name="athleticsireland2005">{{cite web|url=http://www.athleticsireland.ie/downloads/other/Schools_ROH_1916-MASTER8thMay.pdf#page=2 |format=PDF|title=Irish Schools Athletics Champions 1916-2015|date=8 May 2015|page=2|access-date=1 August 2017}}</ref> [[Athletics Ireland]] continues to use the name "Tailteann Games" for its annual schools inter-[[Provinces of Ireland|provincial]] championships.<ref name="athleticsireland2005"/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.athleticsireland.ie/news/tailteann-games-provide-another-thrilling-spectacle/|title=Tailteann Games provide another thrilling spectacle|date=26 June 2017|publisher=Athletics Ireland|access-date=1 August 2017}}</ref> also independently the tailteann games are an inter-[[gaeltacht]] event that includes other activities.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.irishcentral.com/roots/history/tailteann-games-athletics|title=Incredible images from the Tailteann Games, the ancient Irish predecessor to the Olympics|date=4 May 2018}}</ref> '' The [[Gaelic Athletic Association]]'s (GAA) [[Tailteann Cup]], established in 2022, takes its name from the ancient games.<ref>{{cite news |title=Tailteann Cup Q&A |url=https://www.irishtimes.com/sport/gaelic-games/tailteann-cup-q-a-1.4880097 |work=[[The Irish Times]]}}</ref> [[Páirc Tailteann]], a GAA stadium in [[Navan]], County Meath, also takes its name from the games. == Féach freisin * [[Tailteann Games (Irish Free State)]], a revival held 1924–1932 * Tailteann Games of [[Athletics Ireland]], a revival since 1963 in the form of schools' inter-provincial championships * [[Ancient Olympic Games]], a similar tradition in classical Greece, c. 776 BC – 393 AD == Annalistic references See [[Annals of Inisfallen]] * ''AI875.1 Kl. Muiredach son of Bran, king of Laigin, harried UíNéill as far as Sliab Fuait, and the Fair of Tailltiu was held.'' == Foinsí * [[Lewis Spence]], ''The History and Origins of Druidism'' * [[Elizabeth Pepper]] and [[John Wilcock]], ''Magical and Mystical Sites'' == Naisc sheachtracha {{wikisource|Folk-Lore/Volume 31/The Marriages of the Gods at the Sanctuary of Tailltiu}} * Nally, T.H., [https://archive.org/details/aonactailteannta00nalliala The Aonac Tailteann and the Tailteann Games Their History and Ancient Associations] - Full text on archive.org] == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = }} [[Catagóir:Miotaseolaíocht na nGael]] [[Catagóir:An Mheánaois in Éirinn]] == Buntásc== __NOINDEX__ __NOTOC__ sycpsdk909bg932uas8y83k525fwd7s 1318138 1318136 2026-06-20T22:35:54Z Marcas.oduinn 33120 1318138 wikitext text/x-wiki [ [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Tionscadal|Tionscadal]] ] * [[Speisialta:Statistics]] (23/10/25 -> reatha) ** 134 -> {{NUMBEROFACTIVEUSERS}} duine ar bhonn rialta ** 62,524 -> {{NUMBEROFARTICLES}} alt * [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Teimpléid|Teimpléid]] atá ar fáil * [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Wikidata list|Wikidata list]]s * [[:Catagóir:Leathanaigh le luas-scrios]] * -[[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/An Féineachas|An Féineachas]]- * -[[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Réigiúin|Réigiúin]]- (an tAontas Eorpach, NUTS srl.) * -[[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Lochanna|Lochanna]]- * [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Comhshaol|Comhshaol]]/Timpeallacht * ([[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Tuamaí|Tuamaí]]) * ([[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Téamh Domhanda|Téamh Domhanda]]) * [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Scéalta|Scéalta]] * [[James Clarence Mangan]]=[[Séamus Ó Mangáin]], [[Carthach is Sine]], [[Áth Eine]], [[Cearbhall mac Lochlainn Ó Dálaigh]], [[Seán mac Fergail Óicc Ó hUiccinn]]=[[Seán mac Feargail Óig Ó hUiginn]] * [[Bailiúchán Egerton]], [[Aonach Thailtean]] {| class=wikitable |- ! Dream !! Ríocht !! Ríthe |- | [[Laighin]] || [[Ríocht na Laighean]] || [[Ríthe na Laighean]] |- | colspan=2 | [[Connachta]] || [[Ríthe na gConnacht]] |- | [[Dáirine]] || [[Ríocht na Mumhan]] || [[Ríthe na Mumhan]] |- | colspan=2 | [[Ulaid]] || [[Ríthe na nUladh]] |} == Aonach Thailteann == '' The '''Aonach Thailteann''' was [[funeral games (antiquity)|funeral games]] associated with the semi-legendary history of [[History of Ireland|Pre-Christian Ireland]]. '' There is a complex of ancient [[Earthworks (archaeology)|earthworks]] dating to the [[iarannaois]] in the area of [[Tailte]] where the festival was historically known to be celebrated off and on from [[meánaois]] into the [[modern era]]. <ref name=Nally2008>{{cite book| author=T. H. Nally| title=The Aonac Tailteann and the Tailteann Games, Their History and Ancient Associations| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SObPJ02EiwMC| access-date=31 July 2012| date=30 June 2008| publisher=Jesson Press| isbn=978-1-4097-8189-9}}</ref> <ref>[http://www.independent.ie/sport/other-sports/tailteann-games-place-in-history-going-for-a-song-1037527.html Tailteann Games place in history going for a song] By Seán Diffley, ''Irish Independent'', Saturday July 14, 2007</ref> <ref name="Quinn">{{Cite web |url=http://www.eirgridnortheastprojects.com/media/14.8%20Telltown%20Impact%20Assessment%20Report.pdf |title=Malcolm, Nigel., & Quinn, Billy., Teltown Impact Assessment Report, 2009. |access-date=14 August 2012 |archive-date=25 October 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141025210036/http://www.eirgridnortheastprojects.com/media/14.8%20Telltown%20Impact%20Assessment%20Report.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> == History and archaeology '' The games were founded, according to the ''[[Leabhar Gabhála na hÉireann]]'', by [[Lugh|Lugh Lámhfhada]], the [[Ollamh Éireann]], as a mourning ceremony for the death of his foster-mother [[Tailtiu]]. Lugh buried Tailtiu underneath a mound in an area that took her name and was later called [[Tailte]] in [[Contae na Mí]].<ref>Lebor Gabála Érenn, original text edited and translated by R A Stewart Macalister, D. Litt, Part IV: Irish Texts Society, Volume 41, pp. 59, 115, 117, 149, 177, 179, London 1941. {{ISBN|1-870166-41-8}}.</ref> '' The event was held during the last fortnight of July and culminated with the celebration of [[Lughnasadh]], or [[Lammas]] Eve (1 August).<ref name="Keating1866">{{cite book| author=Geoffrey Keating| title=Foras feasa ar Eirinn ... The history of Ireland, tr. and annotated by J. O'Mahony| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cAEHAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA301| access-date=1 July 2012| year=1866| pages=301–}}</ref> Modern folklore claims that the Tailteann Games started around 1600 BC, with some sources claiming as far back as 1829 BC.<ref>{{cite book| author1=Tim Delaney| author2=Tim Madigan| title=The Sociology of Sports: An Introduction| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YEybKqyfVNwC&pg=PA42| access-date=12 August 2012| date=30 April 2009| publisher=McFarland| isbn=978-0-7864-4169-3| pages=42–}}</ref><ref>{{cite book| author=William H. Freeman| title=Physical Education, Exercise and Sport Science in a Changing Society| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gDN6Qimp7YIC&pg=PA80| access-date=12 August 2012| date=21 January 2011| publisher=Jones & Bartlett Publishers| isbn=978-0-7637-8157-6| pages=80–}}</ref><ref>{{cite book| author=Peter Matthews| title=Historical Dictionary of Track and Field| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dQFHe9RwE0wC&pg=PA2| access-date=12 August 2012| date=22 March 2012| publisher=Scarecrow Press| isbn=978-0-8108-6781-9| pages=2–}}</ref><ref>{{cite book| author1=Martin Connors| author2=Diane L. Dupuis| author3=Brad Morgan| title=The Olympics factbook: a spectator's guide to the winter and summer games| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CKFuAAAAMAAJ| access-date=12 August 2012| year=1992| publisher=Visible Ink| isbn=978-0-8103-9417-9}}</ref><ref name="Brown1985">{{cite book| author=Terence Brown| title=Ireland: a social and cultural history, 1922-1985, p. 82| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4FEGrCkdj-0C| access-date=11 August 2012| year=1985| publisher=Fontana Press| isbn=978-0-00-686082-2}}</ref><ref name="MellershWilliams1999">{{cite book| author1=H. E. L. Mellersh| author2=Neville Williams| title=Chronology of world history, p. 15| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PCcOAQAAMAAJ| access-date=1 August 2012| date=1 April 1999| publisher=ABC-CLIO| isbn=978-1-57607-155-7}}</ref><ref name="Incorporated2000">{{cite book| author=Grolier Incorporated| title=The Encyclopedia Americana, pp. 892 & 905| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IA01AAAAMAAJ| access-date=1 August 2012| year=2000| publisher=Grolier| isbn=978-0-7172-0133-4}}</ref> Promotional literature for the [[Gaelic Athletic Association]] revival of the games in 1924 claimed a later date of their foundation in 632 BC. The games were known to have been held between the 6th and 9th centuries AD.<ref name="Koch2006">{{cite book| author=John T. Koch| title=Celtic Culture: A Historical Encyclopedia| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=f899xH_quaMC&pg=PA777| access-date=31 July 2012| year=2006| publisher=ABC-CLIO| isbn=978-1-85109-440-0| pages=777–}}</ref> The games were held until 1169–1171 AD when they died out after the [[Norman invasion of Ireland|Norman invasion]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.theirishstory.com/2011/02/23/the-tailteann-games-1924-1936/|title=The Tailteann Games, 1924-1936|work=The Irish Story}}</ref><ref>Melvyn Watman, ''History of British Athletics''. Hale, London, 1968.</ref> '' The ancient Aonach had three functions: honoring the dead, proclaiming [[law]]s, and funeral games and festivities to entertain. The first function took between one and three days depending on the importance of the deceased. Guests would sing mourning chants called the ''Guba'', after which [[druid]]s would improvise ''[[Cepóg]]s'', songs in memory of the dead. The dead would then be burnt on a [[funeral pyre]]. The second function would then be carried out during a universal [[truce]] by the Ollamh Érenn, giving out laws to the people via [[bard]]s and druids and culminating in the igniting of another massive fire. The custom of rejoicing after a funeral was then enshrined in the ''[[Cuiteach Fuait]]'', games of mental and physical ability.<ref name="Nally2008"/> '' Games included the [[long jump]], [[high jump]], running, [[hurling]], [[spear]] throwing, [[boxing]], contests in [[swordfighting]], [[archery]], [[wrestling]], [[Swimming (sport)|swimming]], and [[chariot]] and [[horse racing]]. They also included competitions in [[strategy]], [[singing]], [[dancing]] and [[story-telling]], along with crafts competitions for [[goldsmith]]s, [[jeweller]]s, [[weaving|weavers]] and [[armourer]]s. Along with ensuring a [[meritocracy]], the games would also feature a mass [[arranged marriage]], where couples met for the first time and were given up to a year and a day to [[divorce]] on the hills of separation.<ref name="Nally2008"/> '' In later [[medieval]] times, the games were revived and called the Tailten Fair, consisting of contests of strength and skill, horse races, religious celebrations, and a traditional time for couples to contract "[[Handfasting (Neopaganism)|handfasting]]" trial marriages. "Taillten marriages" were legal up until the 13th century. This trial marriage practice is documented in the fourth and fifth volumes of the [[Brehon]] law texts, which are compilations of the opinions and judgements of the Brehon class of Druids (in this case, Irish). The texts as a whole deal with copious detail for the Insular Celts.<ref>O'Donovan, J., O'Curry, E., Hancock, W. N., O'Mahony, T., [[Alexander George Richey|Richey, A. G.]], [[William Maunsell Hennessy|Hennessy, W. M.]], & Atkinson, R. (eds.) (2000). ''Ancient laws of Ireland, published under direction of the Commissioners for Publishing the Ancient Laws and Institutes of Ireland.'' Buffalo, New York: W.S. Hein. {{ISBN|1-57588-572-7}}. (Originally published: Dublin: A. Thom, 1865-1901. Alternatively known as ''Hiberniae leges et institutiones antiquae''.)</ref> ==Modern revivals and legacy [[Íomhá:Fireworks at the First Tailteann Games August 15, 1924.jpg| mion |Fireworks at the first Games, August 15, 1924]] {{main|Tailteann Games (Irish Free State)}} '' From the late nineteenth century, the [[Gaelic Athletic Association]] (GAA) and others in the [[Gaelic revival]] contemplated [[Tailteann Games (Irish Free State)|reviving the Tailteann Games]]. The GAA's 1888 championships [[1888 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship|of football]] and [[1888 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship|of hurling]] were unfinished owing to the [[American Invasion Tour]], an unsuccessful attempt to raise funds for a revival.<ref name="Cronin2007">{{cite journal|last=Cronin|first=Mike|year=2007|title=The Gaelic Athletic Association's Invasion of America, 1888: Travel Narratives, Microhistory and the Irish American 'Other'|journal=Sport in History|volume=27|issue=2|pages=190–216|issn=1746-0263|doi=10.1080/17460260701437011|s2cid=143931786}}</ref> '' The [[2nd Dáil]] approved a scheme in 1922,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://oireachtasdebates.oireachtas.ie/debates%20authoring/debateswebpack.nsf/takes/dail1922060800005 |title=Iomadoirí Iasachta|work=Second Dáil debates|publisher=8 June 1922|access-date=31 July 2017}}</ref> and after a delay caused by the [[Irish Civil War]] the first was held in 1924. Open to foreigners of Irish heritage, the first games of 1924 and 1928 attracted some competitors fresh from the Olympics in Paris and Amsterdam. The Games' main backer, minister [[J. J. Walsh]], lost office when [[Government of the 7th Dáil|Fianna Fáil took power]] after the [[1932 Irish general election|1932 election]], and public funding was cut. The 1932 games were on a smaller scale against a background of the [[Great Depression]] and the [[Anglo-Irish Trade War]], and no further games were held.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Cronin|first=Mike|year=2016|title=Projecting the Nation through Sport and Culture: Ireland, Aonach Tailteann and the Irish Free State, 1924-32|journal=Journal of Contemporary History|volume=38|issue=3|pages=395–411|issn=0022-0094|doi=10.1177/0022009403038003004 |jstor=3180644|s2cid=146215048}}</ref> '' [[Jack Fitzsimons]] suggested reviving the Tailteann Games in a 1985 [[Seanad Éireann]] debate on [[tourism in Ireland]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://oireachtasdebates.oireachtas.ie/debates%20authoring/debateswebpack.nsf/takes/seanad1985120500005#N143 |title=White Paper on Tourism Policy: Motion (Resumed) |last=Fitzsimons|first=Jack|date=5 December 1985 |work=Seanad Éireann Debates|publisher=Oireachtas |quote=Teltown is not far from Kells. The Tailteann games were world-renowned. They could be revived. There is great potential in this area. |no-pp=y|page=Vol.110 no.6 p.5 c.715 |access-date=2 August 2017}}</ref> '' The [[Rás Tailteann]] cycling race was founded in 1953 by the [[National Cycling Association]] (NCA), in opposition to the [[Tour of Ireland]] organised by the rival [[Cumann Rothaíochta na hÉireann]] (CRÉ). [[Cycling Ireland]], the merged successor to both the NCA and CRÉ, still organises the Rás Tailteann annually, but it is usually known as "the [sponsor] Rás", or simply "the Rás".<ref>{{cite press release |url=http://www.cyclingireland.ie/cycling-news-item/donegal-ras-cycling-team/236|title=Donegal Ras Cycling Team|date=13 May 2014 |quote=This is the fourth year of An Post's sponsorship of the celebrated Rás Tailteann, which is more commonly known as The Rás.|publisher=Cycling Ireland|access-date=1 August 2017}}</ref> '' The Irish Secondary Schools Athletic Association organised annual national championships from 1963 under the name "Junior Tailteann Games".<ref name="athleticsireland2005">{{cite web|url=http://www.athleticsireland.ie/downloads/other/Schools_ROH_1916-MASTER8thMay.pdf#page=2 |format=PDF|title=Irish Schools Athletics Champions 1916-2015|date=8 May 2015|page=2|access-date=1 August 2017}}</ref> [[Athletics Ireland]] continues to use the name "Tailteann Games" for its annual schools inter-[[Provinces of Ireland|provincial]] championships.<ref name="athleticsireland2005"/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.athleticsireland.ie/news/tailteann-games-provide-another-thrilling-spectacle/|title=Tailteann Games provide another thrilling spectacle|date=26 June 2017|publisher=Athletics Ireland|access-date=1 August 2017}}</ref> also independently the tailteann games are an inter-[[gaeltacht]] event that includes other activities.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.irishcentral.com/roots/history/tailteann-games-athletics|title=Incredible images from the Tailteann Games, the ancient Irish predecessor to the Olympics|date=4 May 2018}}</ref> '' The [[Gaelic Athletic Association]]'s (GAA) [[Tailteann Cup]], established in 2022, takes its name from the ancient games.<ref>{{cite news |title=Tailteann Cup Q&A |url=https://www.irishtimes.com/sport/gaelic-games/tailteann-cup-q-a-1.4880097 |work=[[The Irish Times]]}}</ref> [[Páirc Tailteann]], a GAA stadium in [[Navan]], County Meath, also takes its name from the games. == Féach freisin * [[Tailteann Games (Irish Free State)]], a revival held 1924–1932 * Tailteann Games of [[Athletics Ireland]], a revival since 1963 in the form of schools' inter-provincial championships * [[Ancient Olympic Games]], a similar tradition in classical Greece, c. 776 BC – 393 AD == Annalistic references See [[Annals of Inisfallen]] * ''AI875.1 Kl. Muiredach son of Bran, king of Laigin, harried UíNéill as far as Sliab Fuait, and the Fair of Tailltiu was held.'' == Foinsí * [[Lewis Spence]], ''The History and Origins of Druidism'' * [[Elizabeth Pepper]] and [[John Wilcock]], ''Magical and Mystical Sites'' == Naisc sheachtracha {{wikisource|Folk-Lore/Volume 31/The Marriages of the Gods at the Sanctuary of Tailltiu}} * Nally, T.H., [https://archive.org/details/aonactailteannta00nalliala The Aonac Tailteann and the Tailteann Games Their History and Ancient Associations] - Full text on archive.org] == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = }} [[Catagóir:Miotaseolaíocht na nGael]] [[Catagóir:An Mheánaois in Éirinn]] == Buntásc== __NOINDEX__ __NOTOC__ 80xq68dcor9afxnfn28l0l8xum41vc0 1318163 1318138 2026-06-21T08:51:55Z Marcas.oduinn 33120 /* Aonach Thailteann */ 1318163 wikitext text/x-wiki [ [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Tionscadal|Tionscadal]] ] * [[Speisialta:Statistics]] (23/10/25 -> reatha) ** 134 -> {{NUMBEROFACTIVEUSERS}} duine ar bhonn rialta ** 62,524 -> {{NUMBEROFARTICLES}} alt * [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Teimpléid|Teimpléid]] atá ar fáil * [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Wikidata list|Wikidata list]]s * [[:Catagóir:Leathanaigh le luas-scrios]] * -[[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/An Féineachas|An Féineachas]]- * -[[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Réigiúin|Réigiúin]]- (an tAontas Eorpach, NUTS srl.) * -[[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Lochanna|Lochanna]]- * [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Comhshaol|Comhshaol]]/Timpeallacht * ([[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Tuamaí|Tuamaí]]) * ([[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Téamh Domhanda|Téamh Domhanda]]) * [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Scéalta|Scéalta]] * [[James Clarence Mangan]]=[[Séamus Ó Mangáin]], [[Carthach is Sine]], [[Áth Eine]], [[Cearbhall mac Lochlainn Ó Dálaigh]], [[Seán mac Fergail Óicc Ó hUiccinn]]=[[Seán mac Feargail Óig Ó hUiginn]] * [[Bailiúchán Egerton]], [[Aonach Thailtean]] {| class=wikitable |- ! Dream !! Ríocht !! Ríthe |- | [[Laighin]] || [[Ríocht na Laighean]] || [[Ríthe na Laighean]] |- | colspan=2 | [[Connachta]] || [[Ríthe na gConnacht]] |- | [[Dáirine]] || [[Ríocht na Mumhan]] || [[Ríthe na Mumhan]] |- | colspan=2 | [[Ulaid]] || [[Ríthe na nUladh]] |} == Aonach Thailteann == '' The '''Aonach Thailteann''' was [[cluichí sochraide]] associated with the semi-legendary history of [[réamhstair na hÉireann]]. '' There is a complex of ancient [[Earthworks (archaeology)|earthworks]] dating to the [[iarannaois]] in the area of [[Tailtin]] where the festival was historically known to be celebrated off and on from [[meánaois]] go dtí the [[modern era]]. <ref name=Nally2008>{{cite book| author=T. H. Nally| title=The Aonac Tailteann and the Tailteann Games, Their History and Ancient Associations| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SObPJ02EiwMC| access-date=31 July 2012| date=30 June 2008| publisher=Jesson Press| isbn=978-1-4097-8189-9}}</ref> <ref>[http://www.independent.ie/sport/other-sports/tailteann-games-place-in-history-going-for-a-song-1037527.html Tailteann Games place in history going for a song] By Seán Diffley, ''Irish Independent'', Saturday July 14, 2007</ref> <ref name="Quinn">{{Cite web |url=http://www.eirgridnortheastprojects.com/media/14.8%20Telltown%20Impact%20Assessment%20Report.pdf |title=Malcolm, Nigel., & Quinn, Billy., Teltown Impact Assessment Report, 2009. |access-date=14 August 2012 |archive-date=25 October 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141025210036/http://www.eirgridnortheastprojects.com/media/14.8%20Telltown%20Impact%20Assessment%20Report.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> == History and archaeology '' The games were founded, according to the ''[[Leabhar Gabhála na hÉireann]]'', by [[Lugh|Lugh Lámhfhada]], the [[Ollamh Éireann]], as a mourning ceremony for the death of his foster-mother [[Tailtiu]]. Lugh buried Tailtiu underneath a mound in an area that took her name and was later called [[Tailte]] in [[Contae na Mí]]. <ref name=>Lebor Gabála Érenn, original text edited and translated by R A Stewart Macalister, D. Litt, Part IV: Irish Texts Society, Volume 41, pp. 59, 115, 117, 149, 177, 179, London 1941. {{ISBN|1-870166-41-8}}.</ref> '' The event was held during the last fortnight of July and culminated with the celebration of [[Lá Lúnasa]]. <ref name=Keating1866>{{cite book| author=Geoffrey Keating| title=Foras feasa ar Eirinn ... The history of Ireland, tr. and annotated by J. O'Mahony| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cAEHAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA301| access-date=1 July 2012| year=1866| pages=301–}}</ref> Modern folklore claims that the Tailteann Games started around 1600 BC, with some sources claiming as far back as 1829 BC. <ref name=Delaney2009>{{cite book| author1=Tim Delaney| author2=Tim Madigan| title=The Sociology of Sports: An Introduction| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YEybKqyfVNwC&pg=PA42| access-date=12 August 2012| date=30 April 2009| publisher=McFarland| isbn=978-0-7864-4169-3| pages=42–}}</ref> <ref name=Freeman2011>{{cite book| author=William H. Freeman| title=Physical Education, Exercise and Sport Science in a Changing Society| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gDN6Qimp7YIC&pg=PA80| access-date=12 August 2012| date=21 January 2011| publisher=Jones & Bartlett Publishers| isbn=978-0-7637-8157-6| pages=80–}}</ref> <ref name=Matthews2012>{{cite book| author=Peter Matthews| title=Historical Dictionary of Track and Field| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dQFHe9RwE0wC&pg=PA2| access-date=12 August 2012| date=22 March 2012| publisher=Scarecrow Press| isbn=978-0-8108-6781-9| pages=2–}}</ref> <ref name=Connors1992>{{cite book| author1=Martin Connors| author2=Diane L. Dupuis| author3=Brad Morgan| title=The Olympics factbook: a spectator's guide to the winter and summer games| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CKFuAAAAMAAJ| access-date=12 August 2012| year=1992| publisher=Visible Ink| isbn=978-0-8103-9417-9}}</ref> <ref name=Brown1985>{{cite book| author=Terence Brown| title=Ireland: a social and cultural history, 1922-1985, p. 82| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4FEGrCkdj-0C| access-date=11 August 2012| year=1985| publisher=Fontana Press| isbn=978-0-00-686082-2}}</ref> <ref name=Mellersh1999>{{cite book| author1=H. E. L. Mellersh| author2=Neville Williams| title=Chronology of world history, p. 15| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PCcOAQAAMAAJ| access-date=1 August 2012| date=1 April 1999| publisher=ABC-CLIO| isbn=978-1-57607-155-7}}</ref> <ref name=Incorporated2000>{{cite book| author=Grolier Incorporated| title=The Encyclopedia Americana, pp. 892 & 905| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IA01AAAAMAAJ| access-date=1 August 2012| year=2000| publisher=Grolier| isbn=978-0-7172-0133-4}}</ref> Promotional literature for the [[Cumann Lúthchleas Gael]] revival of the games in 1924 claimed a later date of their foundation in 632 BC. The games were known to have been held between the 6th and 9th centuries AD. <ref name=Koch2006>{{cite book| author=John T. Koch| title=Celtic Culture: A Historical Encyclopedia| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=f899xH_quaMC&pg=PA777| access-date=31 July 2012| year=2006| publisher=ABC-CLIO| isbn=978-1-85109-440-0| pages=777–}}</ref> The games were held until 1169–1171 AD when they died out after the [[ionradh na Normannach ar Éirinn|ionradh na Normannach]]. <ref name=Story2011>{{lua idirlín | url = http://www.theirishstory.com/2011/02/23/the-tailteann-games-1924-1936/ | teideal = The Tailteann Games, 1924-1936 | work=The Irish Story}}</ref> <ref name=Watman1968>Melvyn Watman, ''History of British Athletics''. Hale, Londain, 1968.</ref> '' The ancient Aonach had three functions: honoring the dead, proclaiming [[law]]s, and funeral games and festivities to entertain. The first function took between one and three days depending on the importance of the deceased. Guests would sing mourning chants called the ''Guba'', after which [[druid]]s would improvise ''[[Cepóg]]s'', songs in memory of the dead. The dead would then be burnt on a [[funeral pyre]]. The second function would then be carried out during a universal [[truce]] by the Ollamh Érenn, giving out laws to the people via [[bard]]s and druids and culminating in the igniting of another massive fire. The custom of rejoicing after a funeral was then enshrined in the ''[[Cuiteach Fuait]]'', games of mental and physical ability.<ref name="Nally2008"/> '' Games included the [[long jump]], [[high jump]], running, [[iománaíocht]], [[spear]] throwing, [[dornálaíocht]], contests in [[swordfighting]], [[boghdóireacht]], [[iomrascáil]], [[Swimming (sport)|swimming]], rásaíocht {{h|carbad}} agus [[rásaíocht chapall|chapall]]. They also included competitions in [[strategy]], [[amhránaíocht]], [[damhsa]] and [[story-telling]], along with crafts competitions for [[gabha buí]], [[jeweller]], [[weaving|weavers]] and [[armourer]]. Along with ensuring a [[meritocracy]], the games would also feature a mass [[arranged marriage]], where couples met for the first time and were given up to a year and a day to [[divorce]] on the hills of separation.<ref name="Nally2008"/> '' In later [[medieval]] times, the games were revived and called the Tailten Fair, consisting of contests of strength and skill, horse races, religious celebrations, and a traditional time for couples to contract "[[Handfasting (Neopaganism)|handfasting]]" trial marriages. "Taillten marriages" were legal up until the 13th century. This trial marriage practice is documented in the fourth and fifth volumes of the [[Brehon]] law texts, which are compilations of the opinions and judgements of the Brehon class of Druids (in this case, Irish). The texts as a whole deal with copious detail for the Insular Celts.<ref>O'Donovan, J., O'Curry, E., Hancock, W. N., O'Mahony, T., [[Alexander George Richey|Richey, A. G.]], [[William Maunsell Hennessy|Hennessy, W. M.]], & Atkinson, R. (eds.) (2000). ''Ancient laws of Ireland, published under direction of the Commissioners for Publishing the Ancient Laws and Institutes of Ireland.'' Buffalo, New York: W.S. Hein. {{ISBN|1-57588-572-7}}. (Originally published: Dublin: A. Thom, 1865-1901. Alternatively known as ''Hiberniae leges et institutiones antiquae''.)</ref> ==Modern revivals and legacy [[Íomhá:Fireworks at the First Tailteann Games August 15, 1924.jpg| mion |Fireworks at the first Games, August 15, 1924]] {{main|Tailteann Games (Irish Free State)}} '' From the late nineteenth century, the [[Gaelic Athletic Association]] (GAA) and others in the [[Gaelic revival]] contemplated [[Tailteann Games (Irish Free State)|reviving the Tailteann Games]]. The GAA's 1888 championships [[1888 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship|of football]] and [[1888 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship|of hurling]] were unfinished owing to the [[American Invasion Tour]], an unsuccessful attempt to raise funds for a revival.<ref name="Cronin2007">{{cite journal|last=Cronin|first=Mike|year=2007|title=The Gaelic Athletic Association's Invasion of America, 1888: Travel Narratives, Microhistory and the Irish American 'Other'|journal=Sport in History|volume=27|issue=2|pages=190–216|issn=1746-0263|doi=10.1080/17460260701437011|s2cid=143931786}}</ref> '' The [[2nd Dáil]] approved a scheme in 1922,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://oireachtasdebates.oireachtas.ie/debates%20authoring/debateswebpack.nsf/takes/dail1922060800005 |title=Iomadoirí Iasachta|work=Second Dáil debates|publisher=8 June 1922|access-date=31 July 2017}}</ref> and after a delay caused by the [[Irish Civil War]] the first was held in 1924. Open to foreigners of Irish heritage, the first games of 1924 and 1928 attracted some competitors fresh from the Olympics in Paris and Amsterdam. The Games' main backer, minister [[J. J. Walsh]], lost office when [[Government of the 7th Dáil|Fianna Fáil took power]] after the [[1932 Irish general election|1932 election]], and public funding was cut. The 1932 games were on a smaller scale against a background of the [[Great Depression]] and the [[Anglo-Irish Trade War]], and no further games were held.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Cronin|first=Mike|year=2016|title=Projecting the Nation through Sport and Culture: Ireland, Aonach Tailteann and the Irish Free State, 1924-32|journal=Journal of Contemporary History|volume=38|issue=3|pages=395–411|issn=0022-0094|doi=10.1177/0022009403038003004 |jstor=3180644|s2cid=146215048}}</ref> '' [[Jack Fitzsimons]] suggested reviving the Tailteann Games in a 1985 [[Seanad Éireann]] debate on [[tourism in Ireland]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://oireachtasdebates.oireachtas.ie/debates%20authoring/debateswebpack.nsf/takes/seanad1985120500005#N143 |title=White Paper on Tourism Policy: Motion (Resumed) |last=Fitzsimons|first=Jack|date=5 December 1985 |work=Seanad Éireann Debates|publisher=Oireachtas |quote=Teltown is not far from Kells. The Tailteann games were world-renowned. They could be revived. There is great potential in this area. |no-pp=y|page=Vol.110 no.6 p.5 c.715 |access-date=2 August 2017}}</ref> '' The [[Rás Tailteann]] cycling race was founded in 1953 by the [[National Cycling Association]] (NCA), in opposition to the [[Tour of Ireland]] organised by the rival [[Cumann Rothaíochta na hÉireann]] (CRÉ). [[Cycling Ireland]], the merged successor to both the NCA and CRÉ, still organises the Rás Tailteann annually, but it is usually known as "the [sponsor] Rás", or simply "the Rás".<ref>{{cite press release |url=http://www.cyclingireland.ie/cycling-news-item/donegal-ras-cycling-team/236|title=Donegal Ras Cycling Team|date=13 May 2014 |quote=This is the fourth year of An Post's sponsorship of the celebrated Rás Tailteann, which is more commonly known as The Rás.|publisher=Cycling Ireland|access-date=1 August 2017}}</ref> '' The Irish Secondary Schools Athletic Association organised annual national championships from 1963 under the name "Junior Tailteann Games".<ref name="athleticsireland2005">{{cite web|url=http://www.athleticsireland.ie/downloads/other/Schools_ROH_1916-MASTER8thMay.pdf#page=2 |format=PDF|title=Irish Schools Athletics Champions 1916-2015|date=8 May 2015|page=2|access-date=1 August 2017}}</ref> [[Athletics Ireland]] continues to use the name "Tailteann Games" for its annual schools inter-[[Provinces of Ireland|provincial]] championships.<ref name="athleticsireland2005"/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.athleticsireland.ie/news/tailteann-games-provide-another-thrilling-spectacle/|title=Tailteann Games provide another thrilling spectacle|date=26 June 2017|publisher=Athletics Ireland|access-date=1 August 2017}}</ref> also independently the tailteann games are an inter-[[gaeltacht]] event that includes other activities.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.irishcentral.com/roots/history/tailteann-games-athletics|title=Incredible images from the Tailteann Games, the ancient Irish predecessor to the Olympics|date=4 May 2018}}</ref> '' The [[Gaelic Athletic Association]]'s (GAA) [[Tailteann Cup]], established in 2022, takes its name from the ancient games.<ref>{{cite news |title=Tailteann Cup Q&A |url=https://www.irishtimes.com/sport/gaelic-games/tailteann-cup-q-a-1.4880097 |work=[[The Irish Times]]}}</ref> [[Páirc Tailteann]], a GAA stadium in [[Navan]], County Meath, also takes its name from the games. == Féach freisin * [[Tailteann Games (Irish Free State)]], a revival held 1924–1932 * Tailteann Games of [[Athletics Ireland]], a revival since 1963 in the form of schools' inter-provincial championships * [[Ancient Olympic Games]], a similar tradition in classical Greece, c. 776 BC – 393 AD == Annalistic references See [[Annals of Inisfallen]] * ''AI875.1 Kl. Muiredach son of Bran, king of Laigin, harried UíNéill as far as Sliab Fuait, and the Fair of Tailltiu was held.'' == Foinsí * [[Lewis Spence]], ''The History and Origins of Druidism'' * [[Elizabeth Pepper]] and [[John Wilcock]], ''Magical and Mystical Sites'' == Naisc sheachtracha {{wikisource|Folk-Lore/Volume 31/The Marriages of the Gods at the Sanctuary of Tailltiu}} * Nally, T.H., [https://archive.org/details/aonactailteannta00nalliala The Aonac Tailteann and the Tailteann Games Their History and Ancient Associations] - Full text on archive.org] == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = }} [[Catagóir:Miotaseolaíocht na nGael]] [[Catagóir:An Mheánaois in Éirinn]] == Buntásc== __NOINDEX__ __NOTOC__ itgzh1r3sotgkrcy6ik80wizfaqw1cv 0 91802 1318095 1133354 2026-06-20T13:05:02Z InternetArchiveBot 47196 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1318095 wikitext text/x-wiki {{WD Bosca Sonraí Soitheach}} [[File:Cornelis Verbeeck, A Naval Encounter between Dutch and Spanish Warships, 156252 original.jpg|thumb|right|450px|Gaileon Spáinneach (ar clé) ag scaoileadh le long chogaidh Ísiltíreach (ar dheis). [[Cornelis Verbeeck]], c. 1618/1620]] Long mhór ildeiceanna seoil ba ea an '''gaileon'''. Bhain na Spáinnigh feidhm aisti mar long lasta armtha agus bhain stáit Eorpacha eile feidhm aisti ina dhiaidh sin ón 16ú haois amach. Ba iad na gaileoin na longa ba mhó a úsáideadh mar longa cogaidh iad anuas go dtí na cogaí idir Sasana agus an Ísiltír sa 17ú haois.<ref>Lane, Kris E.. ''Pillaging the Empire: Piracy in the Americas 1500-1750''. M. E. Sharpe, 1998. ISBN 978-0-7656-0257-2</ref> Tá sé áitithe go dtagann ''gaileon'' ó ''galeón'' na Spáinnise, "long armtha thrádála," ó ''galion'' na Fraincise ("long bheag") (13ú haois), ó ''galeão'' na Portaingéilise ("long chogaidh"), ó ''galea'' na Gréigise.<ref>http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=galleon</ref> Ba iad na Spáinnigh agus na Portaingéalaigh a rinne na gaileoin ba thoirtiúla agus iad á n-úsáid acu chun trádáil thar sáile; dhéanadh [[gaileon Mhainile|gaileoin Mhainile]] turas gach bliain ar feadh breis is 250 bliain idir na h[[Oileáin Fhilipíneacha]] agus Acapulco i [[Meicsiceo]], ag iompar airgid siar agus amhshíoda soir.<ref name=”gall”>”Galleon” in ''The Encyclopedia Brittanica'': https://www.britannica.com/technology/galleon</ref> ==Stair== I lár an 16ú haois rinneadh athmhúnlú ar chabhail an [[carrac|charrac]], long ard luchtmhar. Íslíodh an caiseal tosaigh agus fadaíodh an chabhail i dtreo go raibh an long níos daingne san uisce agus gur laghdaíodh an ghaothsheasmhacht. D’fhág sé seo go raibh an long níos luaithe agus níos so-ionramháilte.<ref name=”navios”>[http://www.revistamilitar.pt/artigo.php?art_id=667] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131107180747/http://www.revistamilitar.pt/artigo.php?art_id=667 |date=2013-11-07 }} "Os Navios e as Técnicas Náuticas Atlânticas nos Séculos XV e XVI": Os Pilares da Estratégia 3C &ndash; Rear Admiral Antonio Silva Ribeiro &ndash; ''Revista Militar''</ref><ref>[http://cvc.instituto-camoes.pt/navegaport/c11.html] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170218114018/http://cvc.instituto-camoes.pt/navegaport/c11.html |date=2017-02-18 }} Galeão &ndash; ''Navegações Portuguesas'', Francisco Contente Domingues</ref> Bhí gob fada uirthi agus caiseal ard tosaigh aici díreach siar ón tosach, deireadh cearnógach aici, trí nó ceathair de chrainn inti a d’iompair coirneoga agus seolta fad loinge, agus sraith nó dhó de ghunnaí aici ar na cliatháin.<ref name=”gall”/> Sa Phortaingéil, ar a laghad, is minic a bhíodh na carracanna an-mhór (os cionn 1,000 tonna go minic) ach bhíodh na gaileoin faoi bhun 500 tonna de ghnáth, cé go mbíodh gaileoin Mhainile suas le 2,000 tonna. Nuair a tugadh gaileoin isteach in Armáidí Portaingéalacha na hIndia sa chéad cheathrú den 16ú haois baineadh an chuid is mó de na gunnaí as na carracanna agus rinneadh lastlonga díobh, ós iad na gaileoin a bheadh ag troid. Ba iad na captaein [[Pedro Menéndez de Avilés]] agus [[Álvaro de Bazán]] a dhear an chéad ghaileon don Spáinn sna 1550idí.<ref>"The galleon evolved in response to Spain's need for an ocean-crossing cargo ship that could beat off corsairs. Pedro de Menéndez, along with Álvaro de Bazán (hero of Lepanto), is credited with developing the prototypes which had the long hull—and sometimes the oars—of a galley married to the poop and prow of a Portuguese ''nau'' or merchantman. ''Galeones'' were classed as 1-, 2- or 3-deckers, and stepped two or more masts rigged with square sails and topsails (except for a lateen sail on the mizzenmast). Capacity ranged up to 900 tons or more. Menéndez's ''San Pelayo'' of 1565 was a 900-ton galleon which was also called a ''nau'' and ''galeaza''. She carried 77 crewmen, 18 gunners, transported 317 soldiers and 26 families, as well as provisions and cargo. Her armament was iron."— Manucy, Albert C. (1997). ''Menéndez: Pedro Menéndez de Avilés, Captain General of the Ocean Sea''. Pineapple Press, Inc: lch 100.</ref><ref>Walton, Timothy R. (2002).''The Spanish Treasure Fleets.'' Pineapple Press Inc: lch 57. {{ISBN|1-56164-261-4}}</ref><ref>Rinne an Fhrainc agus Sasana aithris ar na longa Ibéaracha agus feidhm á baint as spiairí chuige. Chuaigh saoir loinge Shasana a mbealach féin agus d’fhan na Portaingéalaigh dílis dá modhanna deartha féin anuas go dtí na 1590idí nó níos faide. (João da Gama Pimentel Barata, "O galeão português (1519-1625)," in ''Estudos de Arqueologia Naval'', vol. I, Lisboa, IN-CM, 1989)</ref> Longa ilfheidhmeacha ba ea na gaileoin, agus d’fhéadfaí long den chineál seo a athghléasadh don chogadh seal agus don tsíocháin seal. Nuair a chuaigh [[Armáid na Spáinne]] i ngleic le cabhlach Shasana in 1588 ba ghaileoin iad na príomhlonga cogaidh ar an dá thaobh; bhí gaileoin thapa na Sasanach go maith chun ionsaí, ach bhí buanseasmhacht i ngaileoin luchtmhara na Spáinne i rith an chomhraic agus sna stoirmeacha móra ar an mbealach abhaile, agus tháinig a bhformhór slán. ==Déanamh== [[File:Pintle and gudgeon rudder system scheme.svg|thumb|clé|150px|Pionna agus gustún ar stiúir gaileoin]] [[File:English Galleon Model.jpg|deas|300px|thumb|Mionsamhail de ghaileon Sasanach le ceithre chrann (ó chlé go deas): <br> Crann deiridh thiar (''bonaventura''), seol laidineach air agus é níos ísle ná an crann deiridh mór. <br> Crann deiridh (níos ísle ná an crann cinn de ghnáth agus seol laidineach air). <br> Crann mór, an crann is airde. Eisean is gaire do lár na loinge má tá breis is trí chrann ann. <br> Crann cinn/tosaigh, an dara crann is airde.]] Ba iad airíonna an ghaileoin an gob fada, an crann agus an crann mór, crann deiridh nó dhá chrann deiridh le slata claonta laidineacha agus an gailearaí cearnógach ceathrún thíos fúthu. Dhéanfaí an chíle as adhmad darach agus na crainn as adhmad péine, agus dhéanfaí an chabhail agus an deic as chrua-adhmaid éagsúla. Cabhail phlainc is mó a bheadh ann. Bhí costas mór ag baint leis an ngnó agus na céadta ceardaí (siuinéirí, lucht leáite pice, gaibhneacha, cúipéirí, saoir loinge) ag obair de lá is d’oíche. Is minic a thagadh lucht gnó le chéile chun íoc as tógáil na loinge, agus dá bhrí sin chuirtí formhór na ngaileon i gceann trádála, cé go n-úsáidfí gaileon gafa mar long chogaidh. Ba é an [[leathchulvairin]] an gunna ba choitianta ar bord gaileoin, cé go bhféadfaí gunna chomh trom le [[gunna leathmhór]] a úsáid. Is iomaí mairnéalach a fuair bás ar bord de thoradh na hainnise agus seal chomh fada sin a chaitheamh ar an turas, agus dá bhrí sin baineadh tairbhe as rigín a ligfeadh do chriú beag an long a thabhairt abhaile. Rinne na gaileoin leagan amach an rigín choirneogaigh a shocrú as sin amach, le crann mór sa lár agus crann cinn a bhí beagán níos ísle, ach baineadh feidhm as seol laidineach chun seoladh níos gaire don ghaoth ná mar a dhéanfadh long choirneogach. Bhí tábhacht leis seo in uiscí cúnga agus go háirithe ar thuras fada nuair choiscfí na céadta míle slí duit ach seoladh cúpla aird den chompás níos gaire don ghaoth seachas bualadh chuige. ==Nótaí== {{reflist}} == Tagairtí == {{refbegin|2}} * Alertz, U. (1991) ''Vom Schiffbauhandwerk zur Schiffbautechnik : die Entwicklung neuer Entwurfs- und Konstruktionsmethoden im italienischen Galeerenbau (1400-1700)'', Hamburg : Kovač, {{ISBN|3-925630-56-2}} * Humble, R. and Bergin, M. (1993) ''A 16th Century Galleon'', sraith Inside Story, Hemel Hempstead : Simon & Schuster, {{ISBN|0-7500-1339-7}} * Kirsch, P. (1990) ''The Galleon: the great ships of the Armada era'', London : Conway Maritime, {{ISBN|0-85177-546-2}} * Rutland, J. (1988) ''A Galleon'', 2ú heagrán athcheartaithe, Connaty, M. (eag.), London : Kingfisher, {{ISBN|0-86272-327-2}} * Serrano Mangas, F. (1992) ''Función y evolución del galeón en la carrera de Indias'', Colección Mar y América '''9''', Madrid : Editorial MAPFRE, {{ISBN|84-7100-285-X}} {{refend}} ==Naisc sheachtracha == * [[Coga]] * [[Long fhada na hÉireann]] * [[Gluais de théarmaí seoltóireachta]] * [[Saoirseacht thraidisiúnta loinge]] * [[La Girona (long)|La Girona]] [[Catagóir:Seoltóireacht]] [[Catagóir:Seandálaíocht]] [[Catagóir:Longa]] [[Catagóir:Cabhlaigh]] 8vkis6ar1ovtfjevcy2780xqx8c3gee 0 92472 1318102 1317903 2026-06-20T15:10:36Z Marcas.oduinn 33120 /* Borradh Dhál Birn (625 – 795) */ Eagrú 1318102 wikitext text/x-wiki {{WD Bosca Geografaíocht Pholaitiúil}} Dream agus ríocht Ghaelach na meánaoise ba ea '''Osraige''' ([[Nua-Ghaeilge]] '''Osraí'''), agus ann siúd [[Contae Chill Chainnigh]] an lae inniu, i dteannta le hiarthar [[Contae Laoise|Chontae Laoise]], áit chónaithe na n[[Déise Osraí]]. Ainmnithe as na hOsraí féin, bhí sí ann ón chéad aois go dtí [[ionradh na Normannach ar Éirinn]] sa 12ú haois. [[Dál Birn]] ab ea rítheaghlach na ríochta, a ghlac a shliochtaigh mheánaoiseacha an sloinne [[Mhic Giolla Phádraig|Mac Giolla Phádraig]]. [[Íomhá:Fitzpatrick of Ossary.svg|mion|clé|100px]] De réir seanscéil, ba é [[Aonghas Osraithe]] é bunaitheoir na nOsraí sa chéad aois, ó thús mar chuid de chúige [[Laigin|Laigean]]. Sa 5ú haois, tháinig [[Corca Laidhe]] as [[Ríocht na Mumhan]] in áit an Dáil Bhirn, agus tugadh na hOsraí faoi smacht díreach na Mumhan. Tháinig an Dál Birn ar ais i gcoróin sa 7ú haois, cé go raibh an ríocht fós in ainm mar chuid den Mhumhain Osraí go dtí an bhliain 859, nuair a bhain sí a neamhspleáchas amach faoi cheannas an rí cumhachtach [[Cerball mac Dúnlainge|Cearbhall mac Dúnlainge]]. Dream mór le rá ba ea na hOsraí i bpolaitíocht na hÉireann ar feadh trí chéad bliain ina dhiaidh sin, cé nach raibh siad riamh in iomaíocht le haghaidh [[Ard-Ríthe na hÉireann|ard-ríogacht na hÉireann]]. Sa 12ú haois, scaradh an ríocht as a chéile de bharr aighnis inmheánaigh, agus cuireadh ar ais i gcúige Laighean í. D'ionsáigh na Normannaigh ar Éirinn faoi cheannas [[Strongbow]] ag tosú sa bhliain 1169, agus thit an chuid is mó desna hOsraí faoi bhrú [[William Marshal]]. Tháinig tuaisceart na ríochta slán faoin ainm i ndeireadh na dála [[Osraí Uachtarach]], go dtí réimeas an rí [[Anraí VIII Shasana]], nuair a bhunaigh an bharúntacht den ainm céanna sa bhliain 1541. == Tíreolaíocht == Bhíodh na hOsraí ársa lonnaithe sa tír thorthúil thart timpeall ghleann[[An Fheoir|na Feoire]], suite i g[[Contae Chill Chainnigh]] a bheag nó a mhór, agus iarthar [[Contae Laoise]]. San iarthar agus an deisceart, bhíodh Osraige teoranta ag [[An tSiúir|an Siúir]]; san oirthear, bhíodh foinse [[An Bhearú|na Bearú]] ina teorainn leis na Laigin ([[Gabhrán]] san áireamh). Glaoitear [[Cumar na dTrí Uisce]] ar na trí haibhneacha úd, a thagann le chéile díreach ar an taobh thuaidh de [[Port Láirge|Chathair Phort Láirge]]. Aird ó thuaidh, shíneadh na hOsraí níos faide i gcéin ná [[Sliabh Bladhma]].<ref>{{ cite book| title = Collectanea de rebus hibernicis | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=OAA-AAAAcAAJ&pg=PA331 | year = 1790 | pages = 331– }}</ref> Maraon le go leor [[Ríochtaí Éireann|ríochtaí]] eile in Éirinn — ''Ulaid, Laigin'', srl. — ainmníodh críocha na nOsraí astu féin. Ba iad a gcomharsana is suntasaí ná: na ''[[Loígis]]'', [[Uí Chinnsealaigh]] agus [[Uí Bhairrche]] sa thuaidh agus thoir; agus na [[Déise]], [[Eoghanacht Chaisil]] agus [[Éile]] sa Mumhain theas agus thiar.<ref>Byrne, ''Irish kings and high-kings'', mapaí ar ll. 133 & 172–173</ref><ref>Charles-Edwards, ''Early Christian Ireland'', lch. 236, mapa 9 & lch. 532, mapa 13.</ref> Is iad mar shampla [[Cnoc Bhréanail]] agus [[Ard Éireann]] (ar theorainn Laoise-Uíbh Fhailí) ar na pointí is airde sa cheantar. Téann [[Slí Dhála|Slí ársa Dhála]]<ref>{{ lua idirlín | teideal = O'Lochlainn's 1940 map | url = https://historyatgalway.files.wordpress.com/2013/07/o-lochlainn-cropped.jpg | format = JPG | suíomh = Historyatgalway.files.wordpress.com | dátarochtana = 2017-03-16 | url-status = live | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20161017002532/https://historyatgalway.files.wordpress.com/2013/07/o-lochlainn-cropped.jpg | archivedate = 17ú Deireadh Fómhair 2016 | df = dmy-all }}</ref> siar ó dheas trí thuaisceart na nOsraí ó [[Teamhair|Theamhraigh]] i dtreo na [[Mumha]]n,<ref>{{ lua idirlín | url = http://www.ucc.ie/celt/published/G106500C/ | teideal = The Metrical Dindshenchas | df=dmy-all }}</ref><ref>{{ lua idirlín | url = http://proceedings.esri.com/library/userconf/proc02/pap1030/p1030.htm | teideal = Archived copy | accessdate = 2015-06-14 | url-status = dead | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20150712205737/http://proceedings.esri.com/library/userconf/proc02/pap1030/p1030.htm | archivedate = 12ú Iúil 2015 | df=dmy-all }}</ref><ref name="libraryireland">{{ lua idirlín | url = http://www.libraryireland.com/SocialHistoryAncientIreland/III-XXIV-1.php | foilsitheoir = libraryireland.com | teideal = Roads, Bridges and Causeways in Ancient Ireland | dátarochtana = 14ú Feabhra 2017 | url-status = live | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20170123064711/http://www.libraryireland.com/SocialHistoryAncientIreland/III-XXIV-1.php | archivedate = 23ú Eanáir 2017 | df = dmy-all }}</ref> a thug a ainm níos deireanaí do [[Caisleán an Bhealaigh Mhóir|Chaisleán an Bhealaigh Mhóir]].<ref name="google">{{ cite book | title = The Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland | author = Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland | date = 1907 | publisher = The Society|issn=0035-9106 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=JE8OAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA26 | page = 26 | accessdate = 14ú Feabhra 2017 }}</ref> Chuaigh bóthar ársa eile, [[Slí Cualann Nua|Slí Chualann]], trí oirdheisceart na nOsraí, siar ó [[Ros Mhic Thriúin]] an lae inniu, agus ansin ó dheas go dtí Chathair Phort Láirge. <gallery> Íomhá:Nore River Map.jpg|Topography of Osraige; note location of the "[[Cumar na dTrí Uisce]]". Íomhá:Young River Barrow - geograph.org.uk - 1227156.jpg|Foinse [[An Bhearú|na Bearú]] i Sliabh Bladhma Íomhá:River Nore - geograph.org.uk - 514252.jpg|[[An Fheoir]] Íomhá:River Suir, Drumdowney, Co. Kilkenny - geograph.org.uk - 1317661.jpg|[[An tSiúir]] Íomhá:SlieveBloomMountains.jpg|[[Sliabh Bladhma]] Íomhá:BrandonHill91.jpg|[[Cnoc Bhréanail]], the highest elevation in Kilkenny </gallery> == Stair == === Réamhstair === Is é brí b'fhéidir le hainm na treibhe ''Os-raige''<ref>[http://dil.ie/34087 Osraige], ar eDIL</ref> ná "muintir na n-os" nó na bhfianna. Deirtear de réir sean-nóis gur ainmníodh iad as an bunaitheoir luath-stairiúil réamh-Chríostaí, [[Óengus Osrithe|Aonghas Osraithe]].<ref>Ginealaigh as [[Rawlinson B 502]], [[Corpus of Electronic Texts]], ll. 15–16</ref><ref name="maryjones1">{{ lua idirlín | url = http://www.maryjones.us/ctexts/fitness_of_names.html | teideal = Cσir Anmann: Fitness of Names | suíomh = maryjones.us | dátarochtana = 2017-03-16 | url-status = live | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20160303202314/http://www.maryjones.us/ctexts/fitness_of_names.html | archivedate = 3ú Mhárta 2016 | df = dmy-all }}</ref> Bhí na hOsraí is dóigh ina ghéag deisceartach na [[Ulaid|nUlad]] nó an [[Dál Fiatach|Dáil Fiataigh]],<ref>Byrne, lch. 201</ref> é sin nó dhlúthghaoil a n-iar-comhghuaillithe, [[Corcu Loígde|Corca Laidhe]].<ref>Ó Néill, 'Osraige'</ref><ref>Doherty, 'Érainn'</ref> I ngach cás, is amhlaidh gurbh [[Éarainn]] iad. Mhaígh na hOsraí féin amhlaidh, agus aontaíonn scoláirí a leo. Faightear ar an [[Geografaíocht (Tolamaes)|léarscáil]] den 2a haois le [[Tolamaes]] treibh a thugann sé ''[[Usdiae]]'' orthu, ar chomhair leis na hOsraí féin.<ref>''Ptolemy's map of Ireland: a modern decoding.'' R. Darcy, William Flynn. Irish Geography Iml. 41, Eag. 1, 2008. Léarscáil 1.</ref> Sna tailte úd, is dócha go raibh dún [[Iarannaois]]e ag [[Cnoc Ghráinseach Chúil Phobail]] agus suíomh adhlactha Rómhánach den chéad aois ag [[Áth Stúin]], i gContae Chill Chainnigh an dís.<ref name="culturalheritageireland">{{ lua idirlín | url = http://www.culturalheritageireland.ie/index.php/irelands-top-100-heritage-discoveries/81-irelands-top-100-heritage-discoveries/144-heritage-discoveries-the-roman-burial-from-stoneyford-co-kilkenny | foilsitheoir = culturalheritageireland.ie | teideal = Heritage Discoveries: The Roman Burial from Stoneyford, Co. Kilkenny | dátarochtana = 14ú Feabhra 2017 | url-status= live | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20170215200145/http://www.culturalheritageireland.ie/index.php/irelands-top-100-heritage-discoveries/81-irelands-top-100-heritage-discoveries/144-heritage-discoveries-the-roman-burial-from-stoneyford-co-kilkenny | archivedate = 15ú Feabhra 2017 | df = dmy-all }}</ref> A bhuí le slí mheán tíre via [[an Fheoir]], [[an Bhearú]] agus [[an tSiúir]], d'fhéadfadh é go ndearna na hOsraí níos mó trádála leis [[an Bhreatain|an mBreatain]] agus an mór-roinn, na Rómhánaigh agus a reiligiún nua, an [[Críostaíocht|Chríostaíocht]], ach go háirithe.<ref name="academia1970">{{ lua idirlín | url = https://www.academia.edu/9193361 | teideal = The Tri-River Region: The geographic key to lasting change in Ireland - Eóghan Mac Giolla Phádraig | suíomh = academia.edu | dáta = 1970-01-01 | dátarochtana = 2017-03-16 | url-status = live | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20180514235359/http://www.academia.edu/9193361/The_Tri-River_Region_The_geographic_key_to_lasting_change_in_Ireland | archivedate = 14ú Bealtaine 2018 | df = dmy-all }}</ref> Roimh theacht na Críostaíochta, is amhlaidh go raibh na hOsraí agus a ngaoil, Corca Laidhe, i gceannas sa Mhumhain sular chuir teacht chun cinn na [[Eoghanachta|nEoghanacht]] ar an imeall dís.<ref>Charles-Edwards, ''Early Christian Ireland'', lch. 541</ref> Ón 5ú haois ar aghaidh go dtí an 12ú, feictear [[Dál Birn|Dál Bhirn]] (''Dál mBirn'') mar rítheaghlaigh na nOsraí. Ón aimsir sin, bhí na hOsraí faoi tréimhse na Laigean. Measadh roinnt scoláirí gur bréag é [[Ō]]-ghinealach na nOsraí, cumtha chun a gcuid cuspóirí a bhaint amach sa Laigin. Dar le [[Francis John Byrne]], téann sé siar b'fhéidir go dtí ré [[Cerball mac Dúnlainge|Cearbhall mac Dúnlainge]] sa 9ú haois.<ref>Byrne, lch. 163</ref> === Forghabh Dhéise, Chorca Laidhe agus Críostaíocht (c. 450 – 625) === Tá fianaise ann i roinnt foinsí, ''[[Tairired na nDéisi]]'' ina measc, gur ghéill na hOsraí machaire dá dtailte theas dosna [[Déise]] díláithrithe, am éigin roimh an bhliain 489.<ref>{{ lua idirlín | url = http://www.ucc.ie/celt/published/G302006/index.html | teideal = The Expulsion of the Déssi | suíomh = celt.ucc.ie | dátarochtana =2017-03-16 | url-status = live | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20161011184755/http://www.ucc.ie/celt/published/G302006/index.html | archivedate = 11ú Deireadh Fómhair 2016 | df = dmy-all }}</ref> De réir an chuir síos traidisiúnta, bhí na Déise ar fáin, ag lorg tailte sa Mhumhan mar chuid de spré Eithne ''Uafásach'' agus í pósta le [[Óengus mac Nad Froích|Aonghas mac Nadh Fraoigh]]. Chuir na hOsraí an ruaig orthu i gcath riartha, agus bhuaigh na Déise i ndeireadh na dála le draíocht agus feall.<ref name="mabinogi1">{{ lua idirlín | url = http://www.mabinogi.net/sections/ch%204/The_Expulsion_of_the_Deisi.pdf | teideal = Chapter 4 : The Expulsion of the Déisi | suíomh = mabinogi.net | dátarochtana = 2017-03-16 | url-status = live | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20160304062955/http://www.mabinogi.net/sections/ch%204/The_Expulsion_of_the_Deisi.pdf | archivedate = 4ú Márta 2016 | df = dmy-all }}</ref> The account mentions that at this defeat, the Ossorians fled like wild ois! Is amhlaidh gur tháinig ríthe Chorca Laidhe i gceannas i ndeisceart Osraí tar éis na cliste seo; bhí an Dál Birn fós ann sa tuaisceart. Ag deireadh na 6ú haoise, tháinig na h[[Eoghanachta]] chun cinn, i gcomhaontas le muintir [[Uí Néill]] in éadan na Corca Laidhe,<ref>Charles-Edwards, 2000</ref> agus tharla meath ar stádas na nOsraí. Sa bhliain 582, maraíodh [[Fergus Scandal mac Crimthainn|Fearghas Scannal mac Criomhthainn]], rí Mumhan, ag fir na Laigean, agus géilleadh Osraí as Laigin mar chúiteamh.<ref>CS 583</ref><ref>{{ lua idirlín | url = https://archive.org/stream/lebornacertbooko00dilluoft#page/44/mode/2up/search/osraige | teideal = Lebor na cert | suíomh = archive.org | dáta = 2010-07-21 | dátarochtana = 2017-03-16 }}</ref> Timpeall an ama sin that time (sa bhliain 581 nó 583), mharaigh fir na hOsraí (nó ''Clann Connla'' dar le h[[Annála Easpacha na hÉireann]]) rí deireanach na Corca Laidhe, [[Feradach Finn mac Duach]], agus fuair dúradh ar ais an chuid is mó dá dtailte faoin seachtú haois.<ref>FA 4</ref> Ar feadh na tréimhse seo, tháinig an Chríostaíocht chun cinn, le teacht misinéirí ón mBreatain agus ón Eoraip, agus í faoi bhláth i bhfostaí ach go háirithe. Dar le naomhsheanchas ar marthain, go háirithe faoi [[Naomh Ciarán]] Saighre, bunaíodh i nOsraí an chéad cheannas easpag Chríostaí, roimh theacht [[Naomh Pádraig]] fiú; tá seo ar phlé i measc scoláirí fós, ámh.<ref>Sharpe, O' Riain, and Sperber</ref> Meastar go ndeachaigh Naomh Pádraig tríd an ríocht ag soiscéalú, agus gur bunaíodh eaglais atá nasctha leis sa Domhnach Mór.<ref>{{ lua idirlín | url = https://www.academia.edu/9622546 | teideal = C. Ó Drisceoil 2013 Excavation and monitoring in Saint Canice's Cathedral Graveyard | suíomh = academia.edu | dáta = 2013 | dátarochtana = 2017-03-16 | url-status = live | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20150828014009/http://www.academia.edu/9622546/C._O_Drisceoil_2013_Excavation_and_monitoring_in_Saint_Canices_Cathedral_Graveyard_2013_Kilkenny_Archaeology_ | archivedate = 28ú Lúnasa 2015 | df = dmy-all }}</ref><ref>{{ lua idirlín | url = http://irishwalledtownsnetwork.ie/page/kilkenny/kilkenny-info | teideal = History of Kilkenny | suíomh = irishwalledtownsnetwork.ie | dáta = 2013-01-18 | dátarochtana = 2017-03-16 |url-status = live | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20170113092246/http://irishwalledtownsnetwork.ie/page/kilkenny/kilkenny-info | archivedate = 13ú Eanáir 2017 | df = dmy-all }}</ref> Bhunaigh [[Naomh Cainnech]] dhá eaglais i nOsraí, [[Achadh Bhó]] agus Cill Chainnigh féin. Bhí an chathaoir easpag acu siúd i ndiaidh Saighre. ===Borradh Dhál Birn (625 – 795)=== Níltear ar aon intinn i measc scoláirí i dtaobh líon ríthe na Corca Laidhe i nOsraí. Faoi theacht i réim [[Ríthe_na_nOsraí#Ríthe_na_nOsraí_go_dtí_1103|Scannláin Mhóir]] (bás c. 643), ámh, bhí rítheaghlach Dhál Bhirn arís i gceannas, cé go raibh ó an go ham roinnt coimhlinte eatarthu.<ref>{{ lua idirlín | url = http://sbaldw.home.mindspring.com/Ireland/Osr/lists/Osraige.htm | teideal = Kings of Osraige | suíomh = sbaldw.home.mindspring.com | dáta = 2011-02-07 | dátarochtana = 2017-03-16 | url-status = live | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20160304052359/http://sbaldw.home.mindspring.com/Ireland/Osr/lists/Osraige.htm | archivedate = 4ú Márta 2016 | df = dmy-all }}</ref> Déanach na seachtú haoise, tharla achrainn idir na hOsraí agus a gcomharsana i n-oirdheisceart na [[Laigin|Laigean]], go háirithe in éadan mhuintir [[Uí Chinnsealaigh]]. I lár na hochtú haoise, bhí [[Anmchad mac Con Cherca|Anmchadh mac Con Chearca]] ina rí is gníomhaí sa Mhumhain, agus an chéad rí ar thug na hannálaithe faoi deara é.<ref>Charles-Edwards, ''Early Christian Ireland'', lch. 576</ref> Tar éis bhás Anmchadha sa bhliain 761, tharla cath cathartha i nOsraí agus tháinig i gcoróin sa deireadh [[Tóim Snáma mac Flainn|Tuaim Snámha mac Flainn]], oidhre as ginealach eile. Sa bhliain 769, bhuaigh Tuaim in éadan mhic [[Cellach mac Fáelchair|Ceallaigh mhic Fhaolchair]] (bás 735) agus is amhlaidh [[Dúngal mac Cellaig|Dúnghal]] (bás 772) ina measc, agus chuir sé an ruaig orthu.<ref>AU 769.1</ref> Sa bhliain 770, maraíodh é ámh, ag Dúnghal a chomharba is dóigh.<ref>AU 770.2</ref> Bhí na heaglaise faoi bhláth le linn na tréimhse seo. Feictear cléirigh suntasacha as Osraí sna hannála, mar shampla, bhain [[Vergilius of Salzburg|Naomh Fearghal]] cáil idirnáisiúnta amach mar réalteolaí agus easpag [[Salzburg]] san [[an Ostair|Ostair]] an lae inniu. Maraíodh ámh easpag ''Laidcnén mac Doinennach'', abb [[Saighir|Saighre]] sa bhliain 744.<ref>AU 744.1</ref> === Osraí agus na Lochlannaigh (795 – 1014) === Sna naoú agus luath deichiú haoiseanna, a bhuí rochtan thar haibhneacha na Feoire, na Siúire agus na Barú, lonnaigh [[Lochlannaigh]] ar agus timpeall teorannacha na nOsraí.<ref name="academia1970"/> Tharla coimhlint idir na Gaeil agus na Lochlannaigh ar an Siúir chomh luath is an bhliain 812, agus sa bhliain 825, Shell loingeas mór feadh na Feoire agus na Bearú, inflicting a devastating rout on the Osraí.<ref>AU 825.12</ref> Bhunaigh Rodolf mac [[Harald Klak]] [[longphort]] ag Dunrally ar an teorainn le Laois, idir na blianta 850–62.<ref>E. Kelly agus J. Maas. ''Vikings on the Barrow: Dunrally Fort, a possible Viking Longphort in Co. Laois''. In Archaeology Ireland; iml. 9, ui. 3. (1995)</ref> Lonnaíodh longphoirt eile ag [[Baile na Coille (Contae Laoise)|Baile na Coille]]<ref name="fuel">{{ lua idirlín | url = http://www.fourcourtspress.ie/books/2014/woodstown/ | údar = fuel.ie | teideal = Four Courts Press - Woodstown | dátarochtana = 14ú Feabhra 2017| url-status=live | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20160725222631/http://www.fourcourtspress.ie/books/2014/woodstown|archivedate=25 July 2016| df=dmy-all }}</ref> (c.830–860) agus [[Port Láirge]] sa bhliain 914. As an achrann seo uile, tháinig Osraí slán agus leath-neamhspleách i ndeisceart na hÉireann faoi lár na naoú haoise, le linn réimeas fada [[Cerball mac Dúnlainge|Chearbhaill mhic Dúnlainge]] (833 - 888).<ref>{{ lua idirlín | url = https://www.academia.edu/10971308 | sloinne = Lane | ainm = Pádraig G. | teideal = The Vikings and the kingdom of Laois. | suíomh = academia.edu | dáta = 1970-01-01 | dátarochtana = 2017-03-16 | url-status = live | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20180514235359/http://www.academia.edu/10971308/The_Vikings_and_the_kingdom_of_Laois._In_P%C3%A1draig_G._Lane_and_William_Nolan_eds._Laois_History_and_Society_Interdisciplinary_Essays_on_the_History_of_an_Irish_County_Dublin_1999_pp_123-159 | archivedate = 14ú Bealtaine 2018 | df = dmy-all }}</ref> [[Íomhá:Early Scandinavian Dublin - South-East.svg|deas|mion|Oirdheisceart na hÉireann ''c.'' 900. Léirítear teorannacha na nOsraí le línte poncaithe.]] Chuaigh tionchar Chearbhaill i bhfad agus i ngearr. Rinne sé comhaontas pósta le h[[Ardrí na hÉireann]], [[Máel Sechnaill mac Máele Ruanaid|Maol Seachnaill mac Maoil Rúnaí]], agus chuir sé iachall ar [[Máel Gualae|Maol Guala]], rí Mumhan, neamhspláchas Osraí a aithint sa bhliain 859.<ref>AU 859.3</ref><ref>FA 265, 268</ref> Deirtear sa [[Landnámabók]] Íoslainne Cerball gur rí Áth Cliath agus [[Inse Orc]], cé go creideann aistriú nach bhfuil ann ach an bolscaireacht le fáil i n[[Annála Easpacha na hÉireann]], spreagtha ag sliochtach Chearbhaill [[Donnchad mac Gilla Pátraic|Donnchadh mac Giolla Phádraig]], sa haonú haois déag.<ref>{{ lua idirlín | url = http://www.ucc.ie/celt/Viking%20Ireland%20Afterthoughts.pdf | teideal = Viking Ireland — Afterthoughts | sloinne = Ó Corráin | ainm = Donnchadh | suíomh = celt.ucc.ie | dátarochtana = 2017-03-16 | url-status = live | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20161009085531/http://www.ucc.ie/celt/Viking%20Ireland%20Afterthoughts.pdf | archivedate = 9ú Deireadh Fómhair 2016 | df = dmy-all }}</ref>. Tá fianaise is imthoisceach ann gur chuir Cearbhall teachtaí chun caidreamh a bhunú le h[[Impireacht na gCairilínseach]] faoi [[Charles Maol]], a bhí faoi freisin na Lochlannaigh.<ref>{{ lua idirlín | url = https://classesv2.yale.edu/access/content/user/haw6/Vikings/Annals%20of%20St%20Bertin.html | teideal = Annals of St Bertin | suíomh = classesv2.yale.edu | dátarochtana = 2017-03-16 | url-status = live | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20171119164530/https://classesv2.yale.edu/access/content/user/haw6/Vikings/Annals%20of%20St%20Bertin.html | archivedate = 19ú Samhain 2017 | df = dmy-all }}</ref> Ceannaire den scoth ba ea [[Gilla Pátraic mac Donnchada|Giolla Pádraig mac Donnchadha]] (r. 976–996), de mhuintir Chearbhaill, agus glac rítheaghlach na nOsraí an sloinne '[[Mhic Giolla Phádraig|Mac Giolla Phádraig]]'. Fair dheireadh na 10ú haoise, tharla coimhlint idir na hOsraí agus rí uaillmhianach an [[Dál gCais|Dáil Chais]], [[Brian Bóramha]], a d'éirigh ina Ardrí siar maraíodh é ag [[Cath Chluain Tarbh]] sa bhliain 1014. Níor ghlac na hOsraí páirt sa chath úd, ach tá scéal ann in ''[[Cogad Gáedel re Gallaib]]'' ina insítear gur thug siad a ndúshlán gaiscígh gortaithe an Dáil Chais ar a shlí abhaile. Is amhrasach é fíoras an scéil seo, dar le roinnt scoláirí, óir gur bolscaireacht í an fhoinse seo.<ref>[[Cogad Gáedel re Gallaib]]; [[Foras Feasa ar Éirinn]] le [[Seathrún Céitinn]]; ''Chronicle of Ireland'' le Meredith Hanmer.</ref><ref>Lyng, lch. 260-1</ref> ===Osraí agus an chéad bhorradh Éireannach (1015 – 1165)=== Agus meath tagtha ar bhagairt na Lochlannach, tháinig go leor ríochtaí beaga faoi smacht na ríochtaí móra, agus monarcacht láraithe á fhorbairt mar ba ghnáth cé go fuilteach. Bhí tacaíocht na nOsraí in ann iarracht ar an ard-ríogacht a chur chun cinn nó ó rath, cé nach ndearna ríthe na nOsraí féin a leithéid d'iarracht. Bhain an ríocht barr a réime amach faoi [[Donnchad mac Gilla Pátraic|Dhonnchadh mac Giolla Phádraig]], rí is cumhachtaí na nOsraí, d'fhéadfaí a rá. Rinne sé creach ar an Mí agus Áth Cliath, agus threascair sé na Laigin sa bhliain 1033. Shocraigh sé [[Aonach Charmáin]] agus bhí sé ina rí sa dá ríocht go dtí a bhás sa bhliain 1039. Sna blianta 1085 agus 1114, ámh, dódh cathair Chill Chainnigh.<ref>ACM 1085.10, 1114.12</ref> Tharla athruithe móra i gcaitheamh eagar agus cleachtaí na heaglaise Éireannaí, ag ailíniú le gluaiseacht [[leasú Ghréagóra]] a bhí ar siúl ar an mór-roinn. Go suntasach, tharla [[Sionad Ráth Bhreasail]], mar chuid den ghluaiseacht seo i dtuaisceart Osraí sa bhliain 1111.<ref>{{ cite book | url = https://archive.org/details/AMemoirIntroductory | quote = location of the synod of rath breasail | title = A memoir introductory to the early history of the primacy of Armagh | author = Robert King | page = [https://archive.org/details/AMemoirIntroductory/page/n42 83] | accessdate = 2017-03-16 | year = 1854 }}</ref> Faoin luath-12ú haois, bhí Cath cathartha ar siúl sa rítheaghlach agus scaradh an ríocht ina trí chuid. Sa bhliain 1103, maraíodh [[Gilla Pátraic Ruadh|Giolla Pádraig Rua]] agus mórán dá mhuintir ar feachtas i dtuaisceart Éireann.<ref>AU 1103.5</ref> Tháinig ansin beirt éilitheoirí Mhic Giolla Phádraig chun cinn: [[Domnall Ruadh Mac Gilla Pátraic|Domhnall Rua]] i 'dTuaisceart Osraige' nó 'Leath Osraige'; agus Cearbhall i 'nDeisceart Osraige'. I dteannta sin, d'fhógair dhá chlann a neamhspleáchas ar riail Mhic Giolla Phádraig, mar a bhí, Uí Caollaí as [[Magh Lacha]] agus Uí Foirchealláin as Osraí is faide ó thuaidh.<ref name="google2">{{ cite book | title = The history and antiquities of the diocese of Ossory | author = Carrigan, W. | date = 1905 | volume = 1 | publisher = Sealy, Bryers & Walker | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=74QNAAAAYAAJ | accessdate = 14ú Feabhra 2017 }}</ref> Thart timpeall ghleann torthúil na Feoire, níos seasmhaí a bhí an scéal, agus tugtar go minic sna hannála ach "Osraige" ar an áit. In ainneoin a scartha, bhí neart cumhachta fós ag na hOsraí na Laigin a chloí.<ref>ACM 1154.15</ref> Mar chúiteamh, rinne an Ardrí [[Muirchertach Mac Lochlainn|Muircheartach Mac Lochlainn]] ionsaí orthu le slua mór sa bhliain 1156. Scrios sé an ríocht ó bhun go barr, agus chuir sé go hoifigiúil faoi smacht na Laighean í.<ref>ACM 1156.17, 1157.10</ref> ===Meath le linn ionradh na Normannach (1165 – 1194)=== Bhí ardú achrainn idir hOsraí agus na Laigin roimh ionradh Na Normannach. Sna 1150í, rinne an tArdrí high king [[Muirchertach Mac Lochlainn]] ollscrios ar Osraí, ag sí is ag creachadh an ríocht go léir, agus á chur faoi smacht Laigin. Is suntasach é gur cuireadh ar altramas chuig tuaisceart Osraí, i gcríocha Uí Caollaí, [[Diarmaid mac Murchadha]], a bheadh lá breá éigin ina rí Laighean agus a thugfadh cuireadh dosna Normannaigh go hÉirinn. Mar rí, tháinig sé go mion minic chun cumhacht na nOsraí a thabhairt i gcás. Tar éis dheoraíocht agus filleadh ar ais mhic Murchadha sa bhliain 1167, cuireadh leis an teannas idir na hOsraí agus na Laigean, óir gur dalladh [[Éanna mac Diarmada|Éanna]], mac agus rídhamhna mhic Murchadha ag [[Donnchad Mac Giolla Phádraig|Donnchadh Mac Giolla Phádraig]], rí Osraí.<ref>MCB 1167.4</ref> Tháinig an chéad arm amhas mhic Murchadha faoi cheannas [[Robert FitzStephen]] i dtír gar do theorainn Osraí ag [[Banú]]. Gabh siad [[Loch Garman]] agus d'ionsaigh ar an dtoirt hOsraí, ag tógáil gialla mar comhartha géillte.<ref>MCB 1167.6</ref> Níos déanaí fós, tháinig arm cúnta faoi [[Raymond FitzGerald]] (le Gros) i dtír ag [[Port Láirge]], agus bhuaigh coimheascar in aghaidh na n-áitreabhach.<ref>MCB 1167.9</ref> Faoin mbliain 1169, bhí [[Strongbow]] féin tagtha i dtír ag Port Láirge le slua mór. Phós sé iníon mhic Murchadha, [[Aoife MacMurrough|Aoife]], agus rinne sé slad ar an gcathair.<ref>MCB 1169.2</ref> Níos deireanaí an bhliain úd, tharla cath mór sna coillte i nOsraí gar d'[[Achadh Úr]] nuair a chloígh mac Murchadha agus a chomhghuaillithe faoi cheannas [[Robert FitzStephen]], [[Meiler FitzHenry]], [[Maurice de Prendergast]], Miles FitzDavid, agus Hervey de Clare (Montmaurice), arm níos mó faoi [[Domnall Mac Gilla Pátraic|Domhnall Mac Giolla Phádraig]], rí Osraí, tar éis [[cúlú bréagach|chúlaithe bhréagaigh]] i rith chatha trí lá.<ref>{{ lua idirlín | url = https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=pJY4AQAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&hl=en&pg=GBS.PA16 | teideal = Google Play | suíomh = Play.google.com | dátarochtana = 2017-03-16 }}</ref><ref name="yolasite">{{ lua idirlín | url = http://freshford.yolasite.com/ | foilsitheoir = freshford.yolasite.com | teideal = WWW.Freshford.com | dátarochtana = 14ú Feabhra 2017 | url-status = live | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20160304130827/http://freshford.yolasite.com/ | archivedate = 4ú Márta 2016 | df = dmy-all }}</ref> Go gairid ina dhiaidh sin, thréig de Prendergast agus a bhuíon [[Flóndras|Phléimeannach]] ó champa mhic Mhurchadha agus sheas sé le harm Domhnaill i nOsraí, sulfar fhág sé an tír le feadh tamaill.<ref>{{ lua idirlín | url = https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=pJY4AQAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&hl=en&pg=GBS.PA22 | teideal = Google Play | suíomh = Play.google.com | dátarochtana = 2017-03-16 }}</ref> [[Íomhá:MarriageAoifeStrongbow.jpg | mion | deas | ''[[Pósadh Aoife agus Strongbow]]''; léiriú rómánsaithe den phósadh taobh laistigh de [[Port Láirge|Phort Láirge]] scriosta le [[Daniel Maclise]]. Tharla an-chuid d'ionsaí na [[Normannaigh|Normannach]] ar Éirinn laistigh de agus thart timpeall na nOsraí.]] Sa bhliain 1170, fuair mac Murchadha bás, agus d'éirigh Strongbow ina rí de facto na Laighean, agus Osraí san áireamh, dar leis. Rinne Strongbow agus Mac Giolla Phádraig conradh ag [[Bábhún Ó nDuach]], áit a tharrtháil de Prendergast rí na n Osraí ó dhúnmharú fealltach.<ref>Lyng. ''The Fitzpatricks of Ossory'', lch. 260.</ref> Ina dhiaidh sin, rinne Strongbow agus arm Uí Bhriain ionsaí ar Osraí. Sa bhliain 1171, tháinig [[Anraí II Shasana]] i dtír ag Cuan Phort Láirge le slua Sasanach ar cheann dá leithéid is mó ar tháinig go hÉirinn riamh. Ar bhruach [[an tSiúir|na Siúire]], ghéill d'Anraí go leor ríthe agus taoiseach as deisceart na tíre, rí Thuaisceart Osraí, Domhnall Mac Giolla Phádraig, san áireamh.<ref>MCB1172.2</ref> Sa bhliain 1172, bhronn Strongbow tailte i nAchadh Bhó, tuaisceart Osraí, ar an eachtránaí Normannach, Adam de Hereford.<ref>{{ cite book | url = https://books.google.com/?id=5KTPAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA1&lpg=PA1&dq=sir+john+gilbert+facsimiles+of+national+manuscripts#v=onepage&q&f=false | title = National Manuscripts of Ireland: Account of Facsimiles of National | page = 1 | dátarochtana = 2017-03-16 | last1 = Public Record Office | first1 = Ireland | year = 1879 }}</ref> B'éigean d'Anraí filleadh ar ais go Sasana tar éis dúnmharú [[Thomas Becket]] agus [[Éirí Amach 1173–74]], ach lean an comhrac ar aghaidh i nOsraí. Rinne Raymond FitzGerald creach ar Uíbh Fhailí, agus chuaigh sé trí Osraí ansin ar a shlí chun cath cabhlaigh a bhuachan ag Port Láirge. Chloígh ansin slua as Áth Cliath Hervey de Clare i Osraí. Sa bhliain 1175, thug na hOsraí tacaíocht le harm faoi cheannas Raymond FitzGerald chun cathair Luimnigh, a bhí faoi léigear [[Domnall Mór Ua Briain|Dhomhnaill Mhóir Uí Bhriain]], a fhuascailt. Deir [[Gearóid Bhreathnach]] gur cloíodh fir Chill Chainnigh ag Arm Normannach as an Mí. Bhain an eachtránaí mór le rá, [[Robert le Poer]], tailte i nOsraí, ach maraíodh ann é níos deireanaí ag troid in aghaidh mhuintir na háite. Sa bhliain 1185, tháinig [[Eoin Shasana]], tiarna Éireann, ar turas go hÉirinn, chun concas na Normannach a dhaingniú. Tháinig sé i dtír ag Port Láirge gar do theorainn Osraí. Glac sé dílseacht na n-uaisle Gaelacha, agus chuaigh sé trí Osraí chuig Áth Cliath, ag socrú go dtógfaí Réine caisleán sa dúiche. Rí deireanach Osraí láir atá taifead air ba ea [[Maelseachaill Mac Gilla Patráic|Maolsheachlainn Mac Giolla Phádraig]], a fuair bás sa bhliain 1193, sin nó 1194.<ref>LC 1193.13</ref><ref>FM 1194.6</ref> Mhair fós ámh go dtí lár na séú haois déag an ríocht ó thuaidh, ar a glaodh ina dhiaidh sin "[[Osraí Uachtarach]]" === Osraí Uachtarach agus Cill Chainnigh (1192–1541) === Faoin mbliain 1192, bhí an Normannach mór le rá [[William Marshal]] tagtha ar an bhfód i nOsraí. Phós sé [[Isabel de Clare]], iníon Strongbow agus Aoife ní Dhiarmada Mhic Mhurchadha, agus leis sin éilimh ar thailte ann. A bhuíochas do Mharshal, Rinneadh cúlghairm ar chearta ársa Mhic Giolla Phádraig agus fógraíodh forógra díbeartha don chlann go léir as deisceart Osraí.<ref>{{ lua idirlín | url = https://play.google.com/books/reader?printsec=frontcover&output=reader&id=74QNAAAAYAAJ&pg=GBS.PA69 | teideal = Google Play | suíomh = Play.google.com | dátarochtana = 2017-03-16 }}</ref> Chuaigh Mhic Giolla Phádraig ar deoraíocht chun na gceachtar ó thuaidh, Magh Lacha agus Uí Fhoirchealláin (ar a glaodh [[Osraí Uachtarach]] as sin amach), i gcogadh talún le cead bliain go leith anuas.<ref name="gerdooley">{{ lua idirlín | url = http://www.gerdooley.com/history-of-camross-county-laois/the-kingdoms-of-ossory | foilsitheoir = gerdooley.com | teideal = The Kingdoms of Ossory | dátarochtana = 14ú Feabhra 2017 | url-status = dead | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20161017003121/http://www.gerdooley.com/history-of-camross-county-laois/the-kingdoms-of-ossory | archivedate = 17ú Deireadh Fómhair 2016 | df = dmy-all }}</ref> De bharr an chíor thuathail a tharla, bhog an t-easpag Osraí, [[Felix Ó Dúnlainge]], an chathaoir easpaig go buan ó Achadh Bhó go Cill Chainnigh. Críochdheighleadh agus roinneadh an chuid is mó d'Osraí i measc eachtránaithe Normannacha éagsúla.<ref>{{ lua idirlín | url = http://www.geographypublications.com/index.php?module=pagemaster&PAGE_user_op=view_page&PAGE_id=12 | teideal = County Kilkenny - Geography Publications - Specialising in books of Irish history, geography and biography | foilsitheoir = Geography Publications | dáta = 2004-12-18 | dátarochtana = 2017-03-16 | url-status = live | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20160304002315/http://www.geographypublications.com/index.php?module=pagemaster&PAGE_user_op=view_page&PAGE_id=12 | archivedate = 4ú Márta 2016 | df = dmy-all }}</ref> Tháinig is dóigh Sir [[Thomas FitzAnthony]], ar a bronnadh an-chuid tailte i nÓsraí Íochtarach agus áiteanna eile and elsewhere (ainmníodh 'Thomastown' [[Baile Mhic Andáin]], Co. Cill Chainnigh, as). Riarthóir tábhachtach agus and rathúil ba ea é, agus ceapadh ina [[seanascal|sheanascal]] na Laighean ón mbliain 1215 go dtí 1223 ar a laghad.<ref>{{ lua idirlín | last = O'Brien | first = Niall | url = http://celtic2realms-medievalnews.blogspot.ie/2015/02/thomas-fitz-anthony-thirteenth-century.html | teideal = Medieval News: Thomas Fitz Anthony: Thirteenth century Irish administrator | suíomh = Celtic2realms-medievalnews.blogspot.ie | dáta = 2015-02-24 | dátarochtana = 2017-03-16 | url-status = live | archiveurl = http://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/20170317220323/http://celtic2realms-medievalnews.blogspot.ie/2015/02/thomas-fitz-anthony-thirteenth-century.html | archivedate = 17ú Márta 2017 | df=dmy-all }}</ref><ref>{{ lua idirlín | url = https://www.academia.edu/11618666 | teideal = Thomas Fitz Anthony: Thirteenth century Irish administrator - Niall C.E.J. O Brien | suíomh = Academia.edu | dáta = 1970-01-01 | dátarochtana = 2017-03-16 | url-status = live | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20180514235357/http://www.academia.edu/11618666/Thomas_Fitz_Anthony_Thirteenth_century_Irish_administrator | archivedate = 14ú Bealtaine 2018 | df = dmy-all }}</ref> Faoi dheireadh an cheathrú haoise déag, bhí an chuid is mó d'Osraí deisceartach ceannaithe nó faighte le hoidhreacht ag an gclann [[de Buitléir]]. Cheannaigh siad Caisleán Chill Chainnigh agus riail siad ann mar iarlaí [[Urmhumhain]] agus, níos deireanaí, [[iarlaí Osraí]], an iarlacht as a ndearnadh [[Contae Chill Chainnigh]]. Le linn na ré seo, is beag nárbh ionann Cill Chainnigh agus Ath Cliath ó thaobh ionad cumhachta de. Bhíodh cruinnithe ag parlaimint ann chomh luath is 1293 agus go minic arís go dtí an bhliain 1536.<ref name="ancestry">{{ lua idirlín | url = http://www.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~irlkik/timeline.htm | foilsitheoir = rootsweb.ancestry.com | teideal = County Kilkenny Ireland – History Timeline | dátarochtana = 14ú Feabhra 2017 | url-status = live | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20161026215418/http://www.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~irlkik/timeline.htm | archivedate = 26ú Deireadh Fómhair 2016 | df = dmy-all }}</ref> Le linn ionradh [[Edward Bruce]] ar Éirinn, ghabh sé go sealadach [[Gabhrán]], ionad ríoga na nOsraí tráth. Sa bhliain 1367, cuireadh [[Reachtanna Chill Chainnigh]] i bhfeidhm, ag iarraidh pósadh agus trádáil idir na Sasanaigh agus na Gaeil a chosc, ach ba bheag an mhaith é. Tógadh Osraí Uachtarach i dTiarnas na hÉireann le h[[Anraí VIII Shasana]] isteach sa bhliain 1537, nuair a ghéill [[Barnaby Mac Giolla Phádraig]], faoin bpolasaí '[[géilleadh agus athbhronnadh]]'. Mar thoradh íorónta, caomhnaíodh cultúr na nGael sa cheantar le tamall fada fós, óir nár mheas an Choróin Shasana gur bhagairt é an ceantar agus ligeadh dó.<ref>Edwards, David. "Collaboration without Anglicization: The Macgiollapadraig Lordship and Tudor Reform." ''Gaelic Ireland: c. 1250 – c. 1650: Land, Lordship & Settlement.''(2001) ll. 77-97.</ref> Sa bhliain 1541, uaislíodh Mac Giolla Phádraig faoin teideal [[Barún Osraí Uachtarach]]. Bronnadh ar an gclann nua deireanaí na teideal [[Iarla Osraí Uachtarach]] agus [[Barún Bhaile an Chaisleáin]], a fuair an duine deargach acu, [[Bernard FitzPatrick]], bás sa bhliain 1927. I ndeireadh na dála, bhí na hOsraí ar cheann desna rítheaghlaigh is ársa riamh i n-iarthar na hEorpach. == Clanna Osraí == I [[Leabhar na gCeart]], glaoitear '''Síol Bhreasail Bhric''' (''Síl mBresail Bricc'') ar na hOsraí, ainmnithe as sinsear i bhfad amach, [[Bressail Bricc|Breasal Breac]].<ref name="maryjones">{{ lua idirlín | url = http://www.maryjones.us/ctexts/cert.html | foilsitheoir = maryjones.us | teideal = The Book of Rights | dátarochtana = 14ú Feabhra 2017 | url-status = live | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20170604191534/http://www.maryjones.us/ctexts/cert.html | archivedate = 4ú Meitheamh 2017 | df = dmy-all }}</ref> Bhí beirt mhac ag Breasal Breac: Lughaidh, sinsear na [[Laigin|Laigean]]; agus [[Connla mac Bressail Bricc|Connla]], sinsear na nOsraí trí [[Óengus Osrithe]].<ref>{{ lua idirlín | url = http://www.ucc.ie/celt/online/G105003/text002.html | teideal = Part 2 of Genealogies from Rawlinson B 502 | suíomh = ucc.ie | dátarochtana = 2017-03-16 | url-status = live | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20160303233452/http://www.ucc.ie/celt/online/G105003/text002.html | archivedate = 3ú Márta 2016 | df = dmy-all }}</ref><ref>{{ lua idirlín | url = http://www.ucc.ie/celt/online/G100054/text039.html | teideal = Part 39 of The History of Ireland | suíomh = celt.ucc.ie | accessdate = 2017-03-16 | df=dmy-all }}</ref> Glaoitear scaití '''Clann Connla''' ar na hOsraí dá bharr.<ref>{{ lua idirlín | url = http://www.ucc.ie/celt/published/G100017/ | teideal = Fragmentary Annals of Ireland | suíomh = celt.ucc.ie | dátarochtana = 2017-03-16 | df = dmy-all }}</ref> Glacadh sloinnte le himeacht ama agus lineages multiplied, Is iad a leanas na clanna dúchais roimh theacht na Normannach:<ref>{{ lua idirlín | url = http://www.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~irlkik/ihm/ossory.htm | teideal = Ireland's History in Maps - Ancient Ossory, Osraige, Osraighe | suíomh = rootsweb.ancestry.com | dáta = 2003-10-25 | dátarochtana = 2017-03-16 | url-status = live | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20170530223749/http://www.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~irlkik/ihm/ossory.htm | archivedate = 30ú Bealtaine 2017 | df = dmy-all }}</ref> * [[Mhic Giolla Phádraig]], de rítheaghlach [[Dál Birn|Dhál Bhirn]] * [[Uí Dhubhsláine]] as [[An Choill Uachtarach|Coill Uachtarach]] * [[Uí Úracháin]] as [[Uí Fhairchealláin]] * [[Uí Bhruaideadha]] of ''Ráth Tamhnaige'' * [[Uí Chaollaí]] of ''Dairmag Ua nDuach'' ([[Darú, Contae Laoise|Darú]]), a athraigh a shloinne go hUa Faoláin, mar a mhaígh [[William Carrigan|Carrigan]] * [[Uí Fhaoláin]] of [[Clár Maí Locha]] (Uí Caollaí tráth) * [[Uí Bhróithe]] of ''Mag Sédna * [[Uí Chaibhdheanaigh]] as ''Mag Airbh * [[Uí Ghlóiairn]] as [[Callainn]] * [[Uí Dhonnachadha]] as ''Mag Máil * [[Uí Chearbhaill]] as ''Mag Cearbhail * [[Uí Bhraonáin]] as ''Uí Duach * Uí Caollaidhe of ''Uí Bhearcháin * [[Mhic Bhraoin]] as ''Na Clanna * [[Uí Bhruadair]] as [[Uíbh Eirc]] * [[Uí Dheaghaidh]] as [[Uí Dheá]] == Rítheaghlach == {{main|Ríthe na nOsraí}} <!--Teidil * [[Ríthe na nOsraí]] * [[Ríthe Ghabhráin]] * [[Ríthe na Laighean]]<ref>[[Annála Uladh]], AU 1033.4, [[Annála Loch Cé]], 1033.3, [[Annála Tiarnaigh]], AT 1033.5</ref> * Rí [[Áth Cliath]] '''[[Ríocht na hÉireann]]''': * [[Barún Osraí Uachtarach]] * [[Iarla Osraí Uachtarach]] * [[Barún Ghabhráin]] * [[Barún Bhaile an Chaisleáin]] --> Tá a nginealach rianta ag an gclann mheánaoiseach, [[Mhic Giolla Phádraig]], siar go dtí [[Óengus Osrithe|Aonghas Osraithe]]. Tá foinse thábhachtach ar ''Donnchada mac Gilla Patric'' caomhnaithe sa Bodleian Library, sa lámhscríbhinn [[Rawlinson B 502]] (aitheanta fosta mar Leabhar Ghleann Dá Loch).<ref>{{ lua idirlín | url = http://www.ucc.ie/celt/online/G105003.html | teideal = Genealogies from Rawlinson B 502 | suíomh = ucc.ie | dátarochtana = 2017-03-16 | url-status = live | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20160304032905/http://www.ucc.ie/celt/online/G105003.html | archivedate=4ú Márta 2016 | df = dmy-all }}</ref><ref>''[https://web.archive.org/web/20020812202134/http://image.ox.ac.uk/show?collection=bodleian&manuscript=msrawlb502 Bodleian manuscript]''</ref> * [[Óengus Osrithe|Aonghas Osraithe]], leathstairiúil, chéad rí sa ginealach, a bhfuil an ríocht ainmnithe as, a mhair a deirtear sa chéad nó dara haois. * [[Lóegaire Birn Búadach|Laoghaire Burn Buadach]], a bhfuil an rítheaghlach, mar a bhí [[Dál Birn|Dál Bhirn]], ainmnithe as. * [[Cerball mac Dúnlainge|Cearbhall mac Dúnlainge]] (Rí Osraí ó 846 go 888;<ref>[[Annála Easpacha na hÉireann]], [[Annála Uladh]], [[Annála na gCeithre Máistrí]]</ref> Rí [[Áth Cliath]] ó 872 go 887;<ref name="Landnámabók">Landnámabók</ref><ref>Cogadh Gaedhel Re Gallaibh (aistr. le Todd), lch. 297</ref> Iarla [[Inse Orc]] roimh 888<ref name="Landnámabók"/>). Sinsear díreach [[Mhic Giolla Phádraig]] ba ea Cearbhall. Feictear é go suntasach sna hannála agus foinsí stairiúla eile mar rí Críostaí a chloíonn a naimhde, go háirithe na [[Lochlannaigh]] [[págántacht|págánacha]]. Ina ainneoin sin, bhí gaol ar leith aige leis na Lochlannaigh ([[Gall-Ghaeil]]), agus feictear é féin ainm "''Kjarvalr Írakonungr''" i roinnt ginealach Íoslainne trína iníonacha. San [[Landnámabók]], tá Cearbhall san áireamh i measc cheannairí is suntasaí na [[Eoraip|hEorpach]] le linn ré na Lochlannach<!-- le bogadh:, [[Pápa]]í [[Adrian II]] agus [[Pápa Seán VIII|John VIII]]; [[Byzantine]] Emperors [[Leo VI the Wise]] and his son [[Byzantine Emperor|Alexander]]; [[Harald Fairhair]], king of [[an Iorua]]; [[Eric Anundsson]] and his son [[Björn Eriksson]] rulers of Sweden; [[Gorm the Old]], king of Denmark; and [[Alfred the Great]], king of [[Sasana]]-->.<ref name="snerpa">{{ lua idirlín | url = http://www.snerpa.is/net/snorri/landnama.htm | foilsitheoir = snerpa.is | teideal = Landnámabók (Sturlubók) | dátarochtana = 14ú Feabhra 2017 | url-status = live| archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20161210191901/http://www.snerpa.is/net/snorri/landnama.htm|archivedate=10ú Nollaig 2016 | df = dmy-all }}</ref> Bhí Cearbhall chomh cumhachtach sin go ndearna sé creach ar thailte a dheartháir chéile, an tArdrí, ach dá bharr sin, scaradh na hOsraí amach ó chúige Mumhan. Tá taifid ann go raibh sé ina rí Áth Cliath (ó 872 go 888) agus Inse Orc i bhfad i gcéin. * [[Land ingen Dúngaile|Lann]] ní [[Dúngal mac Cellaig|Dúnghaile]]. Pearsa shuntasach ba ea banfhlaith Lann agus na hOsraí ag teacht go chun cinn faoi cheannas a dearthár, Cearbhall, ina raibh sí páirteach ann. Bhí sí pósta le an Ardrí mór le rá, [[Máel Sechnaill mac Máele Ruanaid|Maoil Seachnaill mac Maoil Rúnaí]] (réimeas 846-862). [[Flann Sionna]] ba ea a mac, Ardrí 879-916, agus [[Donnchad Donn|Donnchadh Donn mac Flainn]] a garmhac. * [[Gilla Pátraic mac Donnchada]] (rí Osraí 976 - 996), foinse an ainm athratha ''Mac Giolla Phádraig''. Bhí sé pósta le [[Máel Muire ingen Arailt|Maol Muire ní Arailt]], is dócha bean [[Uí Ímair]]. Deargnamhaid [[Brian Bóramha|Bhriain Bóramha]] ba ea é, a ghabh i ngéibhinn é sa bhliain 983 agus a scaoil saor é an bhliain dár gcionn.<ref>AI 983.4, 984.2</ref> Níos deireanaí ina shaol, scrios sé [[ríocht na Mí]]. Maraíodh é i mbun catha in aghaidh [[Donnduban mac Imair|Dhonnabháin mhic Íomhair]], rí Luimnigh, agus [[Domnall mac Fáelán|Dhomhnaill mhic Fhaoláin]], rí na nDéise. * [[Donnchad mac Gilla Pátraic|Donnchadh mac Giolla Pádraig]] (rí Osraí 1003-1039; rí Laigean 1033-1039). Mharaigh sé duine ar dhuine: a chol ceathrar, rí Ceallach (1003); [[Donn Cuan mac Dúnlainge]], rí Laigean (1016); Tadhg Ó Riain, rí Uí Drona;<ref>AU 1016.6</ref><ref>[[Annála Loch Cé]], ALC 1016.4</ref><ref>[[Chronicon Scotorum]], CS 1014</ref><ref>ACM 1015</ref> Sitriuc mac Ímair, king of [[Port Láirge]] (1022).<ref>AT 1022.2</ref><ref>CS 1020</ref><ref>AFM 1022</ref> Chaith sé Cáisc na bliana 1026 ar chuairt le [[comharba]] Phádraig agus Donnchadha Uí Bhriain.<ref>AI 1026.3</ref> Dhall sé a ghaol 1027, ''Tadc mac Gilla Pátraic'' sa bhliain 1027.<ref>AU 1027.2</ref><ref>ALC 1027.2</ref><ref>AT 1027.2</ref><ref>ACM 1027</ref><ref>ACMN 1027</ref> Rinneadh rí Laigean de sa bhliain 1033, agus d'eagraigh [[Aonach Carman]] chun a ríogacht a cheiliúradh celebrate his over-kingship.<ref>AU 1033.4</ref><ref>ALC 1033.3</ref><ref>ACM 1033</ref> Chuaigh sé i gceannas air chomh fada is [[Cnóbha]] agus [[Droichead Átha]] sa bhliain 1039.<ref>AT 1039.6</ref><ref>ACM 1039</ref> Fuair sé bás ann bhliain chéanna.<ref>AU 1039.2</ref><ref>ALC 1039.2</ref><ref>AT 1039.7</ref><ref>AI 1039.7; ní glaoitear ar ach rí Osraí</ref><ref>after a long illness, AFM 1039; ''iar m-beith i n-galar fhotta'', tar éis bheith bí ngalar fada</ref><ref>ACMN 1039</ref> Is léir gur sheanathair Dhonnchadha é [[Gofraid mac Arailt]] [[Uí Íomhair]], [[Ríocht na nOileán|Rí na nOileán]], trína iníon Maol Muire. Mar fíor, de shliocht Uí Íomhair iad Mhic Giolla Phádraig.<!-- King Cerball was an ally of their (probable) founder [[Ivar the Boneless]], the Viking king of [[Port Láirge]]. It is also possible that Donnchad's father, Gilla Pátraic mac Donnchada, was somehow a relation of Ívar the Boneless, who had a son named Gilla Pátraic.--> * [[Derbforgaill ingen Tadhg Mac Giolla Pádraig|Dearbhail ní Thaidhg Mhic Giolla Phádraig]] (bás 1098), pósta le [[Toirdelbach Ua Briain|Toirdhealbhach Ó Briain]], rí na Mumhan agus Ardrí de facto na hÉireann. Bhí beirt mhac aici leis: Tadhg agus [[Muirchertach Ua Briain|Muircheartach Ó Briain]], a ndearadh Ardrí de in am trátha. Fuair sí bás sa bhliain 1098 i nGleann Dá Loch.<ref>AT 1098.1</ref> == Naoimh le naisc Osraí == Bunaíodh na mainistreacha ag [[Saighir]], [[Achadh Bhó]] agus Cill Chainnigh ag naoimh Chríostaí. D'fhorbraíodh foghlaim, litríocht agus cultúr na ríochta faoi thionchar na gceannairí creidimh úd, agus iad faoi phátrúnacht na ríthe.<ref name="kilkennyarts1">{{ lua idirlín | url = http://www.kilkennyarts.ie/events/details/a-story-in-stone-irish-medieval-stonecarvers-their-patrons/ | teideal = Archived copy | dátarochtana = 2014-08-21 | url-status = dead | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20140826133753/http://www.kilkennyarts.ie/events/details/a-story-in-stone-irish-medieval-stonecarvers-their-patrons/ | archivedate = 26ú Lúnasa 2014 | df=dmy-all }}</ref> Insítear ina bheatha g ndeachaigh [[Naomh Pádraig]] tacar na nOsraí en route chuig an [[Mumhain]], ag soiscéalú, ag tiontú, ag bunú eaglaisí, agus d'fhág sé ina dhiaidh deisceabal darbh ainm Mairtín.<ref>{{ lua idirlín | url = http://www.ucc.ie/celt/published/G201009/ | teideal = Betha Phatraic | suíomh = celt.ucc.ie | dátarochtana = 2017-03-16 | }}</ref><ref>{{ cite book | url = https://books.google.com/?id=3g7OAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA391&lpg=PA391&dq=church+of+st.+martin+in+ossory#v=onepage&q=church%20of%20st.%20martin%20in%20ossory&f=false | title = Loca Patriciana: An Identification of Localities, Chiefly in Leinster | author = John Francis Shearman | page = 391 | accessdate = 2017-03-16 | year = 1882 }}</ref> Tá roinnt mhaith naomh agus naisc acu leis na hOsraí, ag ábhair agus laistigh d'Éirinn, agus thar lear sa [[an Bhreatain|Bhreatain]] agus san [[Eoraip]]: * Naomh [[Ciarán Shaighre]] "Seanóir", ball de rítheaghlach Dhál Bhirn. Deirtear go raibh soiscéalaíocht á dhéanamh aige sa ríocht roimh theacht Naomh Pádraig.<ref>{{ lua idirlín | url = https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Ciaran_(fl._500-560)_(DNB00) | teideal = Archived copy | dátarochtana = 2014-04-02 | url-status = live | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20140407074544/https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Ciaran_(fl._500-560)_(DNB00) | archivedate = 7ú Aibreán 2014 | df = dmy-all }}</ref> Bhunaigh sé a eaglais i Saighir, cathaoir easpaig na ríochta in am trátha agus áit adhlactha a ríthe. Tháinig Naomh [[Carthage Seanóir]] i gcomharbacht air. Tá lá fhéile Ciaráin ar sn 5ú Márta, i dteannta le Carthage agus [[Naomh Piran]]. Tá [[Coláiste Chiaráin]] (an meánscoil Chaitliceach Rómhánach is sine in Éirinn) ainmnithe as.<ref>{{ lua idirlín | url = http://www.stkieranscollege.ie/school/about/history/ | teideal = Archived copy | dátarochtana = 2014-08-21 | url-status = dead | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20150307101228/http://www.stkieranscollege.ie/school/about/history/ | archivedate=7 March 2015 | df=dmy-all }}</ref> I g[[Corn na Breataine]], creidtear gurb ionann Ciarán agus Piran, naomhphátrún mhianadóirí stáin agus an Choirn féin.<ref name="cornwall">{{ lua idirlín | url = http://www.cornwall.gov.uk/default.aspx?page=22943 | foilsitheoir = cornwall.gov.uk| teideal = Cornwall Council | dátarochtana = 14ú Feabhra 2017 | url-status = live | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20140307094451/http://www.cornwall.gov.uk/default.aspx?page=22943 | archivedate = 7ú Márta 2014| df = dmy-all }}</ref><ref>{{ lua idirlín | url = http://www.stpiran.org/st-piran.html | teideal = Archived copy | dátarochtana = 2014-03-07 | url-status = dead | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20140307094303/http://www.stpiran.org/st-piran.html | archivedate = 7ú Márta 2014 | df=dmy-all }}</ref> Tá dealbh de Chiarán ar barr Theach Caibidle Naomh Mhuire i gCill Chainnigh.<ref name="vanderkrogt">{{ lua idirlín | url = http://www.vanderkrogt.net/statues/object.php?webpage=ST&record=ie118 | foilsitheoir = vanderkrogt.net | teideal = Kilkenny – Cill Chainnigh – Saints Patrick and Kieran | accessdate = 14ú Feabhra 2017 | url-status = live | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20161017002738/http://www.vanderkrogt.net/statues/object.php?webpage=ST&record=ie118 | archivedate = 17ú Deireadh Fómhair 2016 | df = dmy-all }}</ref> [[Íomhá:Window depicting St. Kieran, Seir Kieran Church, Bell Hill.jpg|mion|200px|[[Fuinneog dhaite]] le Naomh [[Ciarán Saighre]]]] * Naomh [[Carthage Seanóir]], mac nó garmhac [[Óengus mac Nad Froích|Aonghasa mhic Nadh Fhraoigh]] agus comharba Chiaráin ag Saighir. Ceiliúrtar a lá féile i dteannta le Ciarán ar an 5ú Márta. * Naomh [[Cainneach Achadh Bhó]], a bhunaigh dhá mhainistir i nOsraí sa 6ú haois, ag Achadh Bhó agus Cill Chainnigh. Tá a lá féile ar an 11ú Deireadh Fómhair. [[Íomhá:St. Cainneach Bust.jpg|mion|200px|Dealbh bhrád poiblí de [[Cainneach Achadha Bhó|naomh Cainneach]] i gcathair [[Cill Chainnigh|Chill Chainnigh]], a bhunaigh eaglais ann sa 6ú haois]] * Naomh ''[[Modomnoc]]'' Osraí, chuaigh ar turas go dtí [[an Bhreatain Bheag]] mar deisceabal of [[Naomh Daithí]], agus deirtear gur thóg sé leis na chéad choirceoga ceansaithe de [[beach mheala|bheacha mheala]].<ref>{{ lua idirlín | url = http://www.yorku.ca/inpar/topography_ireland.pdf | teideal = Topography of Ireland | suíomh = yorku.ca | dátarochtana = 2017-03-16 | url-status = live | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20160617041654/http://www.yorku.ca/inpar/topography_ireland.pdf | archivedate = 17ú Meitheamh 2016 | df = dmy-all }}</ref> His feast is 13 February.<ref name="pravoslavie">{{ lua idirlín | url = http://www.pravoslavie.ru/english/77526.htm | foilsitheoir = pravoslavie.ru | teideal = Dmitry Lapa. Holy Father Modomnoc of Ossory, Patron Saint of Bees. Commemorated: February 13/26 / OrthoChristian.Com | dátarochtana = 14ú Feabhra 2017 | url-status = live | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20170227150628/http://www.pravoslavie.ru/english/77526.htm | archivedate = 27ú Feabhra 2017 | df = dmy-all }}</ref> {{cquote|'' h-I curchán Mo Domnóc,<br> anair tar muir n-glédenn,<br> do-bert, brígach núalann,<br> síl m-búadach m-bech n-Erenn.<br>'''~ Félire Óengusso'''<ref name="archive">{{ lua idirlín | url = https://archive.org/stream/martyrologyoeng01stokgoog#page/n118/mode/2up | teideal = The Martyrology of Oengus the Culdee: Félire Óengusso Céli dé | accessdate = 14ú Feabhra 2017 }}</ref> }} * Naomh [[Scuithin]], bhí nasc aige leis an mBreatain Beag agus Baint Daithí. Aiséiteach a bhí sé i n-oirthear Osraí, in what is now [[Caisleán an Bhairínigh]] agus [[Baile an Fhréinigh]]. * Naomh [[Nem Moccu Birn]], chomharba naoimh [[Éanna Árann]], ball de Dhál Bhirn, gaol le Naomh Ciarán Saighre.<ref name="ucc.ie">{{ lua idirlín | url = http://www.ucc.ie/celt/published/G200001/index.html | teideal = The Martyrology of Oengus the Culdee | suíomh = celt.ucc.ie | dátarochtana = 2017-03-16 | url-status = live | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20161021202718/http://www.ucc.ie/celt/published/G200001/index.html | archivedate = 21d Deireadh Fómhair 2016 | df = dmy-all }}</ref> Tá a lá féile ar an 14ú Meitheamh. * Naomh ''[[Broccán Clóen|Brógán Chluana]]'' [[Ros Toirc]], údar an dán cáiliúil ag moladh [[Brigit|Bhríd]] Chill Dara (le fáil in ''[[Liber Hymnorum]]''<ref name="youtube">{{ lua idirlín | url = https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=czc-IHNHrCQ | foilsitheoir = youtube.com | teideal = The Hymn to Saint Brigid of Brogan-Cloen from the Liber Hymnorum (Broccan's Hymn) – YouTube| dátarochtana = 14ú Feabhra 2017 | url-status = live | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20160310152606/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=czc-IHNHrCQ | archivedate = 10ú Márta 2016 | df = dmy-all }}</ref> agus luaite i bh[[Félire Óengusso]] faoi 17ú Meán Fómhair.<ref name="google3">{{ cite book | title=Feĺire Ońgusso Ceĺi De.́: The Martyrology of Oengus, the Culdee| author=Stokes, W. | date=1905 | publisher=Harrison and sons, printers | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ub4UAAAAQAAJ | accessdate=14ú Feabhra 2017 }}</ref> * [[Molua]], a bhunaigh mainistreacha ag [[Cill Dalua]] agus Cluain Fearta-Molua<ref name="earlychristianireland">{{ lua idirlín | url = http://www.earlychristianireland.net/Counties/laois/kyle/ | foilsitheoir = earlychristianireland.net | teideal = Kyle (clonfert-mulloe), County Laois | dátarochtana = 14ú Feabhra 2017 | url-status = live | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20161017002627/http://www.earlychristianireland.net/Counties/laois/kyle/ | archivedate = 17ú Deireadh Fómhair 2016 | df = dmy-all }}</ref><ref name="megalithicireland">{{ lua idirlín | url = http://www.megalithicireland.com/Clonfertmulloe.html| foilsitheoir = megalithicireland.com | teideal = Clonfertmulloe | dátarochtana = 14ú Feabhra 2017 | url-status = live | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20161024084449/http://www.megalithicireland.com/Clonfertmulloe.html | archivedate = 24ú Deireadh Fómhair 2016 | df = dmy-all }}</ref> i dtuaisceart Osraí.<ref name="crsbi">{{ lua idirlín | url = http://www.crsbi.ac.uk/site/2336/|foilsitheoir = crsbi.ac.uk | teideal = Kyle (Clonfert Mulloe) · The Corpus of Romanesque Sculpture in Britain &amp; Ireland | dátarochtana = 14ú Feabhra 2017 | url-status = live | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20161017002522/http://www.crsbi.ac.uk/site/2336/ | archivedate = 17ú Deireadh Fómhair 2016 | df = dmy-all }}</ref> De réir [[Féilire Dhún na nGall]], fuair Molua mac Cárthaigh a oiliúint faoi Naomh [[Comgall|Cóghall]] as mainistir [[Beannchar, Contae an Dúin|Beannchar]]. Cárthach mac ''Dagri'' ba ea a athair, agus Soichle Dhál Bhirn a mháthair.<ref name="archive2">{{ lua idirlín | url = https://archive.org/stream/historyandantiq05carrgoog#page/n16/mode/2up | teideal = The history and antiquities of the diocese of Ossory | dátarochtana = 14ú Feabhra 2017 }}</ref><ref name="anglican">{{ lua idirlín | url = http://stormont.down.anglican.org/molua.htm | foilsitheoir = stormont.down.anglican.org | teideal = St Molua's Online | dátarochtana = 14ú Feabhra 2017 | url-status = live| archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20160305083315/http://www.stormont.down.anglican.org/molua.htm | archivedate = 5ú Márta 2016 | df = dmy-all }}</ref> Molann [[William Carrigan]] gur rugadh é timpeall na bliana 540, agus tuairiscítear a thásc i n[[Annála na gCeithre Máistrí]] don bhliain 605. Tá a lá féile ar an 4ú Lúnasa. * [[Naomh Gobhán]], bhunaigh sé andaine de mhainistir Sheanleithghlinne, agus ansin chuaigh sé agus bhuíon mhanach go dtí [[Cill Lamraí]]. Pléitear fós ar bhunaigh sé Cill Lamraí nó ar fheabhsaigh é ach amháin, ach bhain sé clú agus cáil amach le linn a cheannaireachta. Deir Féilire Aonghasa faoi: {{cquote|''of Gobban of Cell Lamraide in Hui Cathrenn in the west of Ossory, a thousand monks it had...''"<ref name="ucc.ie"/>}} * Naomh Finneach [[Cill Fhinnche|Chill Fhinnche]], deirtear i bhFéilire Aonghasa gur 'mhairtíreach' é, ach is dóigh go luann sin ach a dheoraíocht. Tá a lá féile ar an 2a Feabhra.<ref name="storify">{{ lua idirlín | url = https://storify.com/PeritiaEditors/tweeting-saints-in-medieval-irish-martyrologies-fe | foilsitheoir = storify.com | teideal = Tweeting Saints in Medieval Irish Martyrologies - February (with images) · PeritiaEditors · Storify | dátarochtana = 14ú Feabhra 2017 | url-status = live | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20161017015510/https://storify.com/PeritiaEditors/tweeting-saints-in-medieval-irish-martyrologies-fe | archivedate = 17ú Deireadh Fómhair 2016 | df = dmy-all }}</ref> * [[Naomh Muicin]], easpag agus athair faoistine. De réir a ginealaigh sa [[Leabhar Laighneach]], oidhre de Dhál Bhirn é: ''Muccin, son of Mocha, son of Barind, son of Findchadli, son of Dega, son of Droida, son of Buan, son of Loegaire birn buadhach, son of Aengus Osrithe. Decnait, daughter of Gabrin, [agus] sister of Fintan of Cluain-Eidhnech, was Muccin's mother''. [[Fiontán Chluain Eidhneach|Naomh Fiontán]], bhunaitheoir Chluain Eidhneach, ba ea a uncail. Is naomhphátrún é de Mhaighean, Cill Dara Maí, Cill Doire agus [[Baile na gCaorach]]. Feictear é i bh[[Féilire Thamhlachta]]. Fuair sé bás sa bhliain 630, agus tá a lá féile ar an 4ú Márta. * [[Vergilius Salzburg|Naomh Fearghal]], abb Achadh Bhó san 8ú haois, chuaigh sé go dtí [[an Fhrancóin]] áit a chuir [[Pippin Óg]] fáilte roimhe. Chuaigh sé ansin go dtí Salzburg, ar chuireadh [[Odilo, Diúc na Baváire]], agus rinneadh easpag de i ndeireadh na dála, agus tá sé aitheanta dá bharr as sin amach mar Vergilius Salzburg. Tá a lá féile ar an 27ú Samhain. [[Íomhá:Saint Virgilius, Salzburg.jpg|mion|200px|[[Vergilius Salzburg|Naomh Fearghal]], as Osraí ó dhúchas, a d'éirigh ina easpag [[Salzburg]], [[an Ostair]].]] * [[Óengus Tamlachta|Aonghas Thamhlachta]], tiomsaitheoir an chéad fhéilire de naoimh Éireannacha, [[Félire Óengusso|Féilire Aonghasa]]. Rugadh agus tugadh é i nOsraí thuaidh ag [[Clúain Éidhneach]], agus thosaigh sé a ghairm mhanaigh ann, mar a deirtear ina fhéilire.<ref name="ucc">{{ lua idirlín | url = http://www.ucc.ie/celt/published/G200001/index.html | foilsitheoir = celt.ucc.ie | teideal = The Martyrology of Oengus the Culdee | dátarochtana = 14ú Feabhra 2017 | url-status = live | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20161021202718/http://www.ucc.ie/celt/published/G200001/index.html | archivedate = 21d Deireadh Fómhair 2016 | df = dmy-all }}</ref> Tá a lá féile ar an 11ú Márta. * Deirtear gur ghoid crosáidirí taisí [[San Nioclás]] ó [[Bari|Bhari]], agus gur adhlacadh iad i nOsraí gar do [[Baile Mhic Andáin|Bhaile Mhic Andáin]]. Tá leac ar an uaigh. Tharlódh seo go díreach tar éis titim Osraí Theas mar ríocht, cé gur mhair fós tríú cuid di sa tuaisceart. [[Íomhá:St Nicholas' Tomb.jpg|mion|200px|Leac uaighe [[San Nioclás]], mar a mheastar]] * De réir sean-nóis, chuaigh [[Naomh Pádraig]] trí Osraí,<ref name="google4">{{ cite book | title=The Life and Writings of St. Patrick: With Appendices, Etc | author=Healy, J. | date=1905 | publisher=M. H. Gill & son, Limited | url=https://archive.org/details/lifeandwritings01patrgoog | page=[https://archive.org/details/lifeandwritings01patrgoog/page/n432 408] | accessdate=14ú Feabhra 2017 }}</ref> agus deir an 'Beatha' lá Naomh Ciarán gur oirnigh Pádraig fear Osraí darbh ainm Máirtín.<ref name="ucc2">{{ lua idirlín | url = http://www.ucc.ie/celt/published/G201000F/index.html | foilsitheoir = celt.ucc.ie | teideal = Bethada Náem nÉrenn | dátarochtana = 14ú Feabhra 2017 | url-status = live | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20170521003358/https://www.ucc.ie/celt/published/T201000F/index.html|archivedate=21 May 2017 | df=dmy-all }}</ref> <!--A freestanding statue of him erected in honor of the bishop of Ossory stands in Kilkenny, in addition to other local commemorations.<ref name="vanderkrogt"/--> Thóg rítheaghlach na núdarás a sloinne, [[Mhic Giolla Phádraig]] in ómós an naoimh, as a sinsear den 10ú haois, [[Gilla Pátraic mac Donnchada|Giolla Phádraig]]. Is amhlaidh nach bhfuil ach sampla nó dhó eile de theaghlaigh agus sloinne naofa acu, mar atá Uí Mhaoil Seachlainn, [[ríthe na Mí]]. == Suíomhanna stairiúla == Caomhnaítear i gContaetha Laoise agus Cill Chainnigh go léir suíomhanna ársa agus mheánaoiseacha nasctha le ríocht na nOsraí.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20151208051944/http://archive.irishartsreview.com/irisartsrevi2002/pdf/2008/20493323.pdf.bannered.pdf Irish Arts Review] (PDF)</ref> Forbraíodh sean-nós dea-fhianaithe tsnoíodóireacht cloiche, go háirithe d'[[Ardchros|ardchrois Éireannacha]], faoi phátrúnacht Dhál Bhirn / Mhic Giolla Phádraig.<ref name = "kilkennyarts1"/><ref>Lyng, T., The FitzPatricks of Ossory, Old Kilkenny Review, Iml. 2, ui. 3, 1981, lch. 261.</ref> Go deimhin, faightear beagnach gach luath-ardchros laistigh de ríocht atá na nOsraí nó ar a teorannacha.<ref>{{ lua idirlín | ainm = Nancy | sloinne = Edwards | dáta = 1982 | teideal = A reassessment of the early medieval stone crosses and related stone sculpture of Offaly, Kilkenyn and Tipperary | url = http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/7418/1/7418_4483-vol1.PDF | suíomh = etheses.dur.ac.uk | dátarochtana = 2017-03-16 | url-status = live | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20151208164620/http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/7418/1/7418_4483-vol1.PDF | archivedate = 8ú Nollaig 2015 | df = dmy-all }}</ref> Tá dea-shamplaí le feiceáil ag [[Cionn Eitigh]], [[Áth Éine]] agus [[Cill Lamraí]], i measc eile. Deirtear gur bhunaigh [[Naomh Ciarán]] an mainistir mór le rá i [[Saighir]], sa [[An Cláirín|Chláirín]] an lae inniu.<ref name = "bravehost">{{ lua idirlín | url = http://irishantiquities.bravehost.com/offaly/clareen/seirkieran.html | foilsitheoir = irishantiquities.bravehost.com | teideal = Seirkieran | dátarochtana = 14ú Feabhra 2017 | url-status = live | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20160303231103/http://irishantiquities.bravehost.com/offaly/clareen/seirkieran.html | archivedate = 3ú Márta 2016 | df = dmy-all }}</ref> An chéad cathaoir easpaig sa ríocht a bhí ann, agus adhlacadh ríthe na nOsraí ann. Faightear ann inniu fothrach mainistreach, oibreacha créafóige, [[tobar beannaithe]], bun [[cloigtheach|cloigthí]] Éireannaí, móta cosanta meánaoiseach agus go leor leac croise agus uaighe luathChríostaí.<ref name = "roundtowers">{{ lua idirlín | url = http://www.roundtowers.org/seir_kieran/ | ainm = Frank | sloinne = Schorr | foilsitheoir = roundtowers.org | teideal = Seir Kieran Irish Round Tower | dátarochtana = 14ú Feabhra 2017 | url-status = live | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20160407004216/http://roundtowers.org/seir_kieran/ | archivedate = 7ú Aibreán 2016 | df = dmy-all }}</ref><ref>National Monuments Service</ref><ref name = "bravehost"/><ref>''Early Christian Sites In Ireland Database''</ref> [[Íomhá:Seir Kieran Fortification and St. Ciaran's Church 2010 09 09.jpg |mion |Radharc ar [[Saighir|Shaighir]]]] Bhunaigh [[Naomh Cainneach]] Achadh Bhó dhá eaglais thábhachtacha sa ríocht, ag [[Achadh Bhó]] agus [[Cill Chainnigh]], a bhí dís faoi seach ina príomhchathair. Tá mar chuid d'[[Ardeaglais Naomh Cainneach]] cloigtheach dea-chaomhnaithe den naoú haois, a féidir é a dreapadh go dtí a bharr.<ref name = "stcanicescathedral2">{{ lua idirlín | url = http://www.stcanicescathedral.com/visitors-information-page49833.html | foilsitheoir = stcanicescathedral.com | teideal = Cathedral Church of St Canices and Round Tower- Visitor Attraction in Kilkenny | dátarochtana = 14ú Feabhra 2017 | url-status = live | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20140322045214/http://www.stcanicescathedral.com/visitors-information-page49833.html | archivedate = 22ú Márta 2014 | df = dmy-all }}</ref> [[Íomhá:Cattedrale di san canizio kilkenny trono di san kieran.jpg | mion |200px |"Cathaoir Naomh Chiarán'', cloiche, ársa i n[[Ardeaglais Naomh Cainneach]]. Meastar gur chuid den bhunchathaoir easpaig a bhíodh tráth i Saighir (c. 400) agus ansin Achadh Bhó (c. 950) í cloch na cathaoireach úd.<ref name = "stcanicescathedral">{{lua idirlín | url = http://www.stcanicescathedral.com/visitors-information-page50547.html | foilsitheoir = stcanicescathedral.com | teideal = Cathedral Church of St Canices and Round Tower- Visitor Attraction in Kilkenny | dátarochtana = 14ú Feabhra 2017 | url-status = live | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20131208101103/http://stcanicescathedral.com/visitors-information-page50547.html | archivedate = 8ú Nollaig 2013 | df = dmy-all}}</ref>]] Tá sé míolta ag roinnt scoláirí go raibh dún réamhNormannach ann ar shuíomh [[Caisleán Chill Chainnigh|Chaisleán Chill Chainnigh]], is dóigh seanphríomh chathair na ríochta. Bunaíodh [[Mainistir Sheireapúin]], gar do [[Baile Mhic Andáin|Bhaile Mhic Andáin]] an lae inniu, sa bhliain 1160 ag [[Domnall Mac Goilla Phádraig|Domhnall Mac Goilla Phádraig]].<ref name = "Brenda Lynch 2004, ll. 125-138">Brenda Lynch. Jerpoint Abbey: an historical perspective." ''Old Kilkenny Review'', Ui. 58 (2004), ll. 125-138.</ref> Níltear ar aon intinn ar Beinidicteach nó Cistéirseach í an mhainistir ar feadh a céad fiche bliain, ach faoin mbliain 1180, tháinig manaigh Cistéirseacha as [[Bealach Conglais]] ar chuireadh Dhomhnaill, agus d'fhan sí amhlaidh as sin amach.<ref name = "Brenda Lynch 2004, ll. 125-138"/><ref>{{ lua idirlín | url = http://cistercians.shef.ac.uk/abbeys/jerpoint.php | teideal = Archived copy | dátarochtana = 2015-10-06 | url-status = dead | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20151006122117/http://cistercians.shef.ac.uk/abbeys/jerpoint.php | archivedate = 6ú Deireadh Fómhair 2015 | df = dmy-all }}</ref> [[Íomhá:Jerpoint Abbey Cloister 2008.jpg |mion |[[Mainistir Sheireapúin]], bunaithe sa bhliain 1160 ag [[Domnall Mac Goilla Phádraig]].]] Feictear cloigtheach 30-méadar, dea-caomhnaithe, gan ceann ag [[Gráinseach na Fearta]]. Sa bhliain 1999, aimsíodh i scoilt chreagach, go domhan i n[[Dearc Fhearna]], taisce 43 earra airgid agus cré-umha, a théann siar go dtí 970, le hairgead teilgthe agus cnaipí cónúla as mín-airgead fite.<ref>{{ lua idirlín | sloinne = Buckley | ainm = Laureen | teideal = Dunmore Cave – A Viking Massacre Site | url = http://www.xs4all.nl/~tbreen/PAISN/3-DUNMORE.html | dátarochtana = 9ú Deireadh Fómhair 2010 | url-status = live | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20110111015147/http://www.xs4all.nl/~tbreen/PAISN/3-DUNMORE.html | archivedate = 11ú Eanáir 2011 | df = dmy-all }}</ref> Tuairiscítear gur tharla ár [[Lochlannaigh]] sa phluais úd sa bhliain 928.<ref>ACM 928.9</ref> Sa bhliain 1984, cuireadh sraith phainéal cliché comórtha, dealbhaithe ag [[Smith sculptors|Joan Smith]], mar facade ar bhallaí taca [[Droichead Osraí]], cuid den chuarbhóthar thar [[an Fheoir|an bhFeoir]], ag nascadh leis an N10 idir [[Ceatharlach]] agus [[Port Láirge]].<ref name = "smithsculptors">{{ lua idirlín | url = http://www.smithsculptors.com/Ossary_Bridge_Main_Page.html | foilsitheoir = smithsculptors.com | teideal = Ossary Bridge – main page | dátarochtana = 14ú Feabhra 2017 | url-status = live | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20170215125317/http://www.smithsculptors.com/Ossary_Bridge_Main_Page.html | archivedate = 15ú Feabhra 2017 | df = dmy-all }}</ref> Léirítear ann stair an cheantair ó ré Aonghasa Osraithe go dtí déanach na 12ú haois.<ref>{{lua idirlín | url = http://www.heritageinschools.ie/fileadmin/user_upload/investigations/Kilkenny_History/fifthsixth/documents/The%20Nore%20and%20its%20Bridges.pdf | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140819084611/http://www.heritageinschools.ie/fileadmin/user_upload/investigations/Kilkenny_History/fifthsixth/documents/The%20Nore%20and%20its%20Bridges.pdf | url-status = dead | archive-date = 2014-08-19 | teideal = The Nore and its Bridges | suíomh = heritageinschools.ie | dátarochtana = 2017-03-16 | archivedate = 2014-08-19 | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20140819084611/http://www.heritageinschools.ie/fileadmin/user_upload/investigations/Kilkenny_History/fifthsixth/documents/The%20Nore%20and%20its%20Bridges.pdf }}</ref> <gallery> Íomhá:St. Canices Cathedral (8239526312).jpg|[[Ardeaglais Naomh Cainneach]], agus [[cloigtheach]] den naoú haois. Ní théann ach an túr siar roimh theacht na Normannach Íomhá:Fertagh Round Tower March 2008.jpg|Cloigtheach den naoú haois ag Gráinseach Fhearta Íomhá:Aghaboe Priory of St. Canice Choir Altar and East Window 2010 09 02.jpg|Fuinneog i [[Achadh Bhó, baile fearainn|Mainistir Achadh Bhó]] Íomhá:Round tower and ruined church, Tullaherin, Co. KIlkenny - geograph.org.uk - 207642.jpg|Cloigtheach [[An Tulaigh Thirim|na Tulaí Tirime]] Íomhá:Aghaviller ruined church and round tower, Newmarket, Co. Kilkenny - geograph.org.uk - 206920.jpg|Cloigtheach [[Áth an Bhiolair]] Íomhá:Seir Kieran Round Tower and Priory Wall 2010 09 09.jpg|Cloigtheach agus balla prióireachta Saighre Íomhá:Kilree High Cross & Round Tower.jpg|Ardchros agus cloigtheach [[Cill Rí]] Íomhá:Ahenny High Crosses, North Cross.jpg|Ardchros Áth Éine, thuaidh Íomhá:Ahenny High Cross - geograph.org.uk - 475968.jpg|Ardchros Áth Éine Íomhá:Killamery High Cross.jpg|Ardchros [[Cill Lamraí]] Íomhá:Ullard High Cross East Face 1997 08 28.jpg|Ardchros [[Iolaird]] Íomhá:Detail Kilkieran High Crosses, Kilkenny.jpg|Ardchrois [[Cill Chiaráin|Chill Chiaráin]] File:Graiguenamanach High Crosses East Side 1997 08 27.jpg|Ardchros [[Gráig na Manach|Ghráig na Manach]], thoir File:Jerpoint Abbey1.jpg|[[Mainistir Sheireapúin]], bunaithe sa bhliain 1160 ag [[Domhnall Mac Goilla Phádraig]] File:The Gowran Ogham Stone.jpg|[[Cloch Oghaim Ghabhráin]] File:Dunmore cave, County Kilkenny.jpg|[[Dearc Fhearna]], Baile an Phoill </gallery> == Deoise Osraí == Bunaíodh [[Deoise Osraí]] sa chúigiú haois ag Naomh [[Ciarán Saighre]]. Shocraigh teorannacha na deoise go buan ag [[Sionad Ráth Breasail]] sa bhliain 1111, agus léiríonn siad fós imlíníocht na ríochta.<ref>Downham, "Career", lch. 7</ref><ref>Mac Niocaill, ''Ireland before the Vikings'', ll. 3–4.</ref> [[Íomhá:Kingdom of Ossory (circa 1111).png|mion|clé|[[Deise Osraí]] (dearg) socraithe ag [[Sionad Ráth Breasail]]<ref>{{ lua idirlín | url = http://www.ucc.ie/celt/published/G100054/text090.html | teideal = Foras Feasa ar Éirinn, Cuid 90 | suíomh = ucc.ie | dátarochtana = 2017-03-16 | url-status = live | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20160303233132/http://www.ucc.ie/celt/published/T100054/text090.html | archivedate = 3ú Márta 2016 | df=dmy-all }}</ref>]] I dtosach báire, bhíodh príomheaglais na nOsraí suite i [[Saighir]] ([[Contae Uíbh Fhailí]]), áit dúchais Naoimh Chiaráin, ach am éigin le himeacht aimsire, tháinig [[Achadh Bhó]] ([[Contae Laoise]]) chun cinn, áit dúchais Naoimh [[Cainneach Achadh Bhó|Chainnigh]], agus in am trátha bogadh í chuig cathair Chill Chainnigh. Is amhlaidh óna h[[annála Éireann]] go raibh tábhacht ar leith ag [[Achadh Úr]], agus molann fianaise seandálaíochta gur shuíomhanna suntasacha eaglasta iad [[Cill Chiaráin]], [[Cill Lamraí]] agus [[Cill Rí]] (Contae Chill Chainnigh uile) agus [[Domhnach Mór, Contae Laoise|Domhnach Mór]] (Contae Laoise).<ref>Downham, "Career", lch. 7</ref><ref> Charles-Edwards, ''Early Christian Ireland'', ll. 292–294</ref><ref> Byrne, ''Irish kings and high-kings'', ll. 180–181.</ref> Is é na hOsraí an t-aon cheantar amháin in Éirinn Ossory a bhfuil beirt naomhphátrúin aige &m dash; Ciarán agus Cainneach.<ref>"The Lives of Saint Ciarán, Patron of the Diocese of Ossory", Pádraig Ó Riain, in ''Ossory, Laois and Leinster'' iml. 3, lch. 25</ref> A bhuí le scoláireacht déanta ag An gCanónach [[William Carrigan]] ina shaothar ceithre imleabhar ''The History and Antiquities of the Diocese of Ossory'', tá stair iomlán againn ar an ríocht agus a dreamanna. Ina dteannta sin, tá liosta iomlán de gach fondúireacht mhainistreach i nDeoise Osraí nó gaolta leí le fáil san Monasticon Hibernicum Project bunaithe ag [[Ailbhe Mac Shamhráin]].<ref name="dias">{{ lua idirlín | url = https://monasticon.celt.dias.ie/search.php?diocese=Ossory#results | foilsitheoir = monasticon.celt.dias.ie | teideal = Monasticon Hibernicum| accessdate = 14ú Feabhra 2017 | url-status = live | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20161017002618/https://monasticon.celt.dias.ie/search.php?diocese=Ossory#results | archivedate = 17ú Deireadh Fómhair 2016 | df = dmy-all }}</ref> == Litríocht agus cultúr == === Annála, ságaí agus foinsí stairiúla === Tá fianaise mhaith le fáil sna h[[annála Éireann]] maidir le stair agus saol polaitiúil na nOsraí, ina léitear ríocht shuntasach Feictear na hOsraí mar chéilí comhraic deireanacha na [[Déise]] sa sága ''[[Tairired na nDéssi]]'' den 8ú haois.<ref>{{ lua idirlín | url = http://www.irishtribes.com/articles/tairired.pdf | teideal = The Irish Tribes | suíomh = Irishtribes.com | accessdate = 2017-03-16| url-status = dead | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20160304221951/http://www.irishtribes.com/articles/tairired.pdf| archivedate = 4ú Márta 2016 | df = dmy-all }}</ref><ref name="mabinogi1"/> Cé go raibh siad a deirtear dochlóite ar páirc an chatha, bhuaigh na Déise i ndeireadh na dála orthu trí dhraíocht is feall. B'éigean dóibh a gcríocha theas idir [[an tSiúir]] agus an muir a ghéilleadh. Creidtear go ndearnadh [[Donnchad mac Giolla Phádraig|Donnchadh Mac Giolla Phádraig]] (rí Osraí agus Laigean ag sa bhás sa bhliain 1039) [[Annála Easpacha na hÉireann]] a scríobh mar bholscaireacht ar a theacht chun cinn.<ref name="ucc3">{{ lua idirlín | url = http://www.ucc.ie/celt/published/G100017/ | publisher = celt.ucc.ie | teideal = Fragmentary Annals of Ireland | dátarochtana = 14ú Feabhra 2017 | url-status = live | archiveurl = https://www.webcitation.org/6DUdBRq4C?url=http://www.ucc.ie/celt/published/T100017/index.html| archivedate = 7ú Eanáir 2013 | df = dmy-all }}</ref> Insítear iontu faoin laoch, [[Cerball mac Dúnlainge|Cearbhall mac Dúnlainge]], agus é ag streachailt go caithréimeach in éadan na [[Lochlannaigh]]. Molann [[Joan Radner]] an saothar hipitéiseach, ''[[Croinic Osraí]]'', mar fhoinse.<ref name="Joan N. Radner 1978"/> Is amhlaidh go raibh tionchar ar leith acu ar bréagchroinicí níos deireanaí, amhail is ''[[Cogad Gáedel re Gallaib]]''.<ref name="Joan N. Radner 1978">Joan N. Radner (eag. & aistr.) Fragmentary Annals of Ireland (Baile Átha Cliath 1978)</ref> Léirítear in ''[[Cogad Gáedel re Gallaib]]'' an choimhlint idir na hOsraí agus an [[Dál gCais|Dál Chais]], agus na hOsraí ach ar feadh tréimhse ghearr faoi smacht [[Brian Bóramha|Bhriain Bóramha]]. Insítear ann faoi ghníomhaíocht Lochlannach in agus thart timpeall Osraí.<ref name="books.google.com">{{ cite book | url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_TgMGAAAAQAAJ | title=Cogadh Gaedhel Re Gallaibh | publisher=Longmans, Green, Reader, and Dyer | accessdate=2017-03-16 | last1=Todd | first1=James Henthorn | year=1867 }}</ref> Ag deireadh an scéil, tá cur síos aiféaltais ar iarrachtaí na nOsraí ruathar a dhéanamh ar arm an Dáil Chais, ag teacht go caithréimeach abhaile tar éis [[Cath Chluain Tarbh|Chath Chluain Tarbh]]. Deirtear gur cuireadh faitíos ar na hOsraí nuair a chonaic siad gaiscígh gortaithe á gceangal féin ina seasamh cruinn díreach go cuaillí. Chúlaigh siad, ag dul ar a dtóir ach go ciapach.<ref name="books.google.com"/> Feictear an Osraí in iliomad dán, amhrán agus téacsanna meánaoiseacha eile. I [[Leabhar na gCeart]], tá liosta de gach cáin íoctha do agus ag ríthe na nOsraí. Tugtar sa [[Cóir Anmann]] sanasaíocht an ainm ''Osraige'', i dteannta le siúd de [[Cú Cherca mac Fáeláin|Chú Chearca mac Faoláin]].<ref name="maryjones1"/> Luaitear loig agus clanna Osraí sa [[Dinnseanchas]].<ref name="ucd">{{ lua idirlín | url = http://www.ucd.ie/tlh/trans/ws.rc.15.002.t.text.html| foilsitheoir = ucd.ie/tlh/ | teideal = The Prose Tales in the Rennes Dindshenchas II – Translation &#91;text&#93;| dátarochtana = 14ú Feabhra 2017 | url-status = live | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20171119174720/http://www.ucd.ie/tlh/trans/ws.rc.15.002.t.text.html | archivedate = 19ú Samhain 2017 | df = dmy-all }}</ref><ref>{{ lua idirlín | url = http://www.ucc.ie/celt/published/G106500C/ | teideal = The Metrical Dindshenchas | suíomh = celt.ucc.ie | dátarochtana = 2017-03-16 | url-status = live | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20161011224504/http://www.ucc.ie/celt/published/T106500C/index.html | archivedate = 11ú Deireadh Fómhair 2016 | df=dmy-all }}</ref> Tugtar sa [[Banseanchas|Bhanseanchas]] den 12ú haois le ''[[Gilla Mo Dutu Úa Caiside]]'' as Ard Brecáin, liosta de ríthe agus banríonacha suntasacha Osraí, agus eile dá sliocht.<ref>{{ lua idirlín | url = http://www.maryjones.us/ctexts/banshenchus.html | teideal = Banshenchus | suíomh = maryjones.us | dátarochtana = 2017-03-16 | url-status = live | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20161006211308/http://www.maryjones.us/ctexts/banshenchus.html | archivedate = 6ú Deireadh Fómhair 2016 | df = dmy-all }}</ref> Feictear Osraí i ndán luaite le rí [[Aldfrith Northumbria]] agus é ar deoraíocht in Éirinn, ag cur síos ar an méid a chonaic sé ann timpeall na bliana 685.<ref>{{ lua idirlín | url = https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=IE0AAAAAcAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&hl=en&pg=GBS.PA375 | teideal = Google Play | suíomh = play.google.com | dátarochtana = 2017-03-16 }}</ref> Déantar trácht ar roinnt uaisle Osraí sa dán Meán-Ghaeilge [[Tairngreacht Bhearcháin]], a thugann nod débhríoch gur phós na hOsraí le rítheaghlach na hAlban ambiguously. {{quote box | quote = ''Ro dheat ó arainn cogle,<br> ''I ttír aloinn Osraige,<br> ''Miolla milseach uall mór smacht,<br> ''Flanna fiora fidhchiollacht.<br> Fuaireas ó Arainn go Glé,<br> I dtír álainn Osraí,<br> ''Miolla'' milse ualach mór smacht,<br> ''Flanna'' fíora ficheallacht. | source = [[Aldfrith Northumbria]], ''Ro dheat an inis Finn Faíl''.<ref>{{ lua idirlín | url = http://www.traceyclann.com/files/ui%20bairrche2.htm | teideal = Uí Bairrche (Leinster) - Page 2 | publisher = traceyclann | dátarochtana = 2017-03-16 | url-status = live | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20160312130514/http://www.traceyclann.com/files/Ui%20Bairrche2.htm | archivedate = 12a Márta 2016 | df = dmy-all }}</ref> | quoted = 1}} Seasann scaití sin ríocht an phearsa [[Mícheál Dubh Mac Giolla Ciaráin]], uasal ficseanúil Osraí a fheictear i roinnt dánta, san áireamh ''[[Ossorie, A Song of Leinster]]'' le [[Rev. James B. Dollard]]<ref>{{ cite book | url=https://archive.org/details/poemsfath00dolluoft | quote=Dark michael prince of ossory. | title=Poems | publisher=Catholic Church Extension Society of Canada | author=James B. Dollard | page=[https://archive.org/details/poemsfath00dolluoft/page/25 25] | accessdate=2017-03-16| year=1910 }}</ref> agus especially ''[[Fáilte roimh an bPrionsa Iarraidh]] '', dán [[Seacaibíteachas|Seacaibíteach]] den 18ú haois, scríofa as Gaeilge le [[William Heffernan "Dall"]], agus aistrithe go Béarla le [[James Clarence Mangan]].<ref>{{ cite book| url=https://books.google.com/?id=1fum8gc62BYC&pg=PA232&lpg=PA232&dq=meehal+dubh+mac+giolla#v=onepage&q=meehal%20dubh%20mac%20giolla&f=false | title=The Ballads of Ireland | editor=Edward Hayes | volume=1 | page=232 | accessdate=2017-03-16| year=1857 }}</ref><ref name="google5">{{ lua idirlín | url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=gGoXAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&hl=en&pg=GBS.PA174| teideal = James Clarence Mangan – Books on Google Play | dátarochtana = 14ú Feabhra 2017 }}</ref><ref name="ucc5">{{ lua idirlín | url = http://www.ucc.ie/celt/online/E840000-022/| distributed = celt.ucc.ie | teideal = Welcome to the Prince of Ossory | accessdate = 14ú Feabhra 2017 | url-status = dead | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20160303235816/http://www.ucc.ie/celt/online/E840000-022/ | archivedate = 3ú Márta 2016 | df = dmy-all }}</ref> Tá roinnt pearsana de rítheaghlach na nOsraí taifeadta i stair liteartha na Nordach. Feictear [[Cerball mac Dúnlainge|Cearbhall mac Dúnlainge]] faoin ainm ''Kjarvals Írakonungs'' (Cearbhall rí Éireann) sna ginealaigh le feiceáil in [[Njal's Saga]], agus is sinsear é trína iníonacha de roinnt teaghlach Íoslainne tábhachtach.<ref name="sagadb">{{ lua idirlín | url = http://sagadb.org/brennu-njals_saga | foilsitheoir = sagadb.org | teideal = Brennu-Njáls saga – Icelandic Saga Database | accessdate = 14ú Feabhra 2017 | url-status = live | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20170208072902/http://www.sagadb.org/brennu-njals_saga| archivedate = 8ú Feabhra 2017| df=dmy-all }}</ref> Tá tagairt díreach do sa [[Landnámabók]], ina faightear é mar phríomhcheannaire na hEorpach. Feictear a iníon (nó ar a laghad, sliochtach), Eithne, sa [[sága Orkneyinga]] mar chailleach feasa de dheas éigin, mar mháthair an Iarla, [[Sigurd Hlodvirsson|Sigurd Trom]], agus cruthaitheoir an [[bratach fiaigh dhuibh|bhratach fhiaigh dhuibh]] mór le rá.<ref>{{ lua idirlín | url = http://www.sacred-texts.com/neu/ice/is3/is302.htm | teideal = Icelandic Sagas, Volume 3: The Orkneyingers' Saga | suíomh = sacred-texts.com | dátarochtana = 2017-03-16 | url-status = live | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20170329155036/http://www.sacred-texts.com/neu/ice/is3/is302.htm | archivedate = 29ú Márta 2017 | df = dmy-all }}</ref><ref>''Juxtaposing Cogadh Gáedel re Gallaib with Orkneyinga saga'', le Thomas A. DuBois. In ''Oral Tradition'', Iml. 26, Uimhir 2 (Deireadh Fómhair 2011) lch. 286. PDF le fáil{{ lua idirlín | url = http://journal.oraltradition.org/files/articles/26ii/04_26.2.pdf | teideal = Archived copy | dátarochtana = 2014-03-28 | url-status = live | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20140407070947/http://journal.oraltradition.org/files/articles/26ii/04_26.2.pdf | archivedate = 7ú Aibreán 2014 | df = dmy-all }}</ref><ref>{{ lua idirlín | url = http://www.orkneyjar.com/history/historicalfigures/earlsigurd/index.html | teideal = Earl Sigurd and the Raven Banner | suíomh = orkneyjar.com | dátarochtana = 2017-03-16 | url-status = live | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20170127051511/http://www.orkneyjar.com/history/historicalfigures/earlsigurd/index.html | archivedate = 27ú Eanáir 2017 | df = dmy-all }}</ref> Feictear Sigurd le tamall gearr in ''[[Sága Naomh Olaf]]'' (tugtha in ''[[Heimskringla]]'' isteach) agus in ''[[Sága Eyrbyggja]]''. Tá roinnt scéalta faoina eachtraí in ''[[Njal's Saga]]'' gan dealramh, chomh maith le ''[[Gunnlaugr Sága ormtungu|Sága Gunnlaugr Nathairtheanga]]'', '' [[Þorsteins saga Síðu-Hallssonar|Sága Thorstein Sidu-Hallsson]]'', the ''[[Vatnsdæla saga|Sayga Vatnsdæla]]'' agus sa scéal ''Helgi and Wolf'', cuid den ''[[Flateyjarbók]]''.<ref>Muir (2005) lch. 28</ref><ref>Thomson (2008) lch. 66</ref> Feictear é in ''[[Cogad Gáedel re Gallaib]]'' mar chéile comhraic [[Brian Bóramha|Bhriain Bóramha]] ag [[Cath Chluain Tarbh]], agus tá a bhás ann taifeadta i n[[Annála Uladh]]. Feictear ríocht na nOsraí go suntasach i liteartha Normannach den 12ú haois. Tá dhá shaothar ann le Gerald Bhreataine Bige ar Éirinn, ''[[Topographia Hibernica]]''<ref>[https://www.webarchive.org.uk/wayback/archive/20140517084255/http://www.bl.uk/manuscripts/Viewer.aspx?ref=royal_ms_13_b_viii_f001r Topographia Hibernica]</ref> agus ''[[Expugnatio Hibernica]]''<ref>[https://www.webarchive.org.uk/wayback/archive/20140130124224/http://www.bl.uk/manuscripts/Viewer.aspx?ref=royal_ms_13_b_viii_f034v Expugnatio Hibernica]</ref> a thugann aird ar leith d'Osraí, a ríthe, a tíreolaíocht agus na cathanna troidte an in éadan na Normannach. Rinne Gerald fosta trácht ar seanscéal ar leith faoi [[conriocht|chonriochtaí]] as Osraí. D'inis [[Fynes Moryson]] an seanscéal arís ina shaothar den 17ú haois, ''Description of Ireland''<ref name="ucc6">{{ lua idirlín| url = http://celt.ucc.ie/celt/published/G100071.html | foilsitheoir = celt.ucc.ie | teideal = The Description of Ireland | dátarochtana = 14ú Feabhra 2017| url-status = live | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20160304082615/http://www.ucc.ie/celt/online/T100071.html | archivedate = 4ú Márta 2016| df = dmy-all }}</ref> agus feictear arís é níos deireanaí fós in, ''The Wonders of Ireland'', le P. W. Joyce, foilsithe sa bhliain in 1911.<ref>{{ lua idirlín | url = http://www.libraryireland.com/Wonders/Man-Wolves.php | teideal =The Man-Wolves of Ossory | suíomh = libraryireland.com | dátarochtana = 2017-03-16 | url-status = live | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20170215195615/http://www.libraryireland.com/Wonders/Man-Wolves.php | archivedate = 15ú Feabhra 2017 | df = dmy-all }}</ref> I dteannta sin, feictear láithreacha Osraí sa [[laoi]] [[Fraincise Normannaí]], ''[[The Song of Dermot and the Earl]]''.<ref name="ucc7">{{ lua idirlín | url = http://www.ucc.ie/celt/published/T250001-001/ | foilsitheoir = celt.ucc.ie| teideal = Song of Dermot and the Earl | dátarochtana = 14ú Feabhra 2017 | url-status = live | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20161011225620/http://www.ucc.ie/celt/published/T250001-001/index.html | archivedate = 11ú Deireadh Fómhair 2016 | df = dmy-all }}</ref> [[Íomhá:Werewolves of Ossory.png|mion|200px|Léaráid as ''[[Topographia Hibernica]]'' le [[Gerald Bhreataine Bige]], ag léiriú an scéal faoi sagairt ar turas a bhuaileann le dhá dhea-chonriocht as Osraí.<ref>British Library Royal MS 13 B VIII.</ref>]] Feictear ainm na ríochta in ''[[The Red Book of Ossory]]'', clár den 14ú haois as Laidin agus Angla-Normannais caomhnaithe i nDeoise Osraí, agus nasctha le [[Richard Ledred]],<ref>[[Wikisource:Lederede, Richard de (DNB00)]]</ref> easpag Osraí ón mbliain 1317 go 1360.<ref>{{ lua idirlín | url = http://ireland.anglican.org/news/2385 | teideal = Church of Ireland - News | suíomh = ireland.anglican.org | dátarochtana = 2017-03-16 | url-status = live | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20160305042158/http://ireland.anglican.org/news/2385 | archivedate = 5ú Márta 2016 | df = dmy-all }}</ref> Faightear ann cóipeanna de cháipéisí a bheadh lárnach do riarachán na deoise: bunreachtanna, gearradh cánach, memoranda ceart, gníomhais agus litreacha ríoga, chomh maith le hamhráin cumtha ag Ledred.<ref name="anglican2">{{ lua idirlín | url = http://ireland.anglican.org/news/2385 | foilsitheoir = ireland.anglican.org | teideal = Church of Ireland – News | dátarochtana = 14ú Feabhra 2017 | url-status = live | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20160305042158/http://ireland.anglican.org/news/2385 | archivedate = 5ú Márta 2016 | df = dmy-all }}</ref> Caomhnaítear an leabhar anois sa Leabharlann RCB [[Eaglais na hÉireann]] i mBaile Átha Cliath, agus tá leagan digiteach le fáil.<ref>''[https://issuu.com/churchofireland/docs/redbookossory Red Book, Ossory]'', issuu.com</ref><ref>''[https://www.ireland.anglican.org/news/7609/celebrating-christmas-with-the-red Celebrating Christmas with the Red Book]'', ireland.anglican.org</ref><ref name="anglican2"/> Tá a lán eolais faoi Osraí sa mhórshaothar le [[Seathrún Céitinn]], ''[[Foras Feasa ar Éirinn]]''.<ref>''The History of Ireland'' by Geoffrey Keating, D.D., David Comyn (eag), Patrick S. Dinneen (eag), 1d eagrán, Iml. 1-3, David Nutt, ar son Irish Texts Society [Comann na Sgríbheann Gaedhilge], Londain (1902–1914), No. 4, 8 agus 9</ref><ref>{{ lua idirlín | url = http://www.ucc.ie/celt/online/G100054.html | teideal = Foras Feasa ar Éirinn | suíomh = celt.ucc.ie | dátarochtana =2017-03-16 | url-status = live | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20170318210028/http://www.ucc.ie/celt/online/T100054.html | archivedate = 18ú March 2017 | df = dmy-all }}</ref> I ndiaidh ''Cogadh Gáedel re Gallaib'', is foinse thánaisteach é ''Foras Feasa'' sin scéal agus na hOsraí ag cúr isteach ar an Dáil Chais ag teacht go caithréimeach ar ais abhaile ó [[Cath Chluain Tarbh|Chath Chluain Tarbh]] sa bhliain 1014. Tá eolas ann fosta ar an tionól tábhachtach, [[Sionad Ráth Breasail]], a tharla sa bhliain 1111 ar theorainn thuaidh na nOsraí, gar do [[Maighean Rátha|Mhaighean Rátha]]. Déanann an ministir [[An Bhreatain Bheag|Breathnach]], [[Meredith Hanmer]], trácht ar Osraí agus a bpríomhnaoimh ina shaothar ''Chronicle of Ireland'', foilsithe tar éis a bháis le [[Sir James Ware]] sa bhliain 1633.<ref>{{ cite book | url=https://books.google.com/?id=Diw7AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA276&lpg=PA276&dq=meredith+hanmer%27s+chronicle+of+ireland#v=onepage&q=ossory&f=false | title=The Chronicle of Ireland | author=Meredith Hanmer | page=276 | accessdate=2017-03-16 | year=1809 }}</ref><ref>{{lua idirlín | url = https://play.google.com/store/books/details?id=NT2DMmBdR0oC&rdid=book-NT2DMmBdR0oC&rdot=1 | teideal = The chronicle of Ireland - Books on Google Play | suíomh = play.google.com | dátarochtana = 2017-03-16 | url-status = live | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20170215125241/https://play.google.com/store/books/details?id=NT2DMmBdR0oC&rdid=book-NT2DMmBdR0oC&rdot | archivedate = 2017-02-15 | df = dmy-all }}</ref><ref>{{ lua idirlín | url = https://archive.org/details/chronicleofirela00hanmuoft | sloinne = Hanmer | ainm = Meredith | teideal = The chronicle of Ireland. Collected by Meredith Hanmer in the yeare 1571 | suíomh = archive.org | dátarochtana = 2017-03-16 }}</ref> Bhí Hanmer féin ann le tamall gairid i n[[Deoise Osraí]] sa bhliain 1598. Sa bhliain 1905, d'fhoilsigh [[William Carrigan]] a mhórstair na ríochta, ''The History And Antiquities of the Diocese of Ossory'', le ceithre imleabhar. === Comhainmnigh === Caomhnaítear ainm na ríochta sa bhaile [[Buiríos Mór Osraí]]. Feictear é fosta san ''[[Ossory Agricultural Show]]'', comórtas beostoic, torthaí agus ceardaíochta bunaithe sa bhliain 1898, faoi phátrúnacht anois [[Bernard FitzPatrick, 2a Barún Castletown]], agus curtha i láthair sa [[An Chúil Fhionn|Chúil Fhionn]], [[Contae Laoise]].<ref name="ossoryshow">{{ lua idirlín | url=http://www.ossoryshow.com/about.html | foilsitheoir = ossoryshow.com | teideal = About | dátarochtana = 14ú Feabhra 2017 | url-status = dead | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20160304001452/http://wwwssoryshow.com/about.html | archivedate = 4ú Mhárta 2016 | df = dmy-all }}</ref> Is ar cheann den phríomh-dhroichid i gcathair Chill Chainnigh é Droichead Osraí. Tá droichead coisithe adhmaid faoina bhun, an ceann is faide dá leithéid san Eoraip.<ref name="visitkilkenny">{{ lua idirlín | url = http://www.visitkilkenny.ie/node/1738 | foilsitheoir = visitkilkenny.ie | teideal = Ossory Pedestrian Bridge - Kilkenny Tourism| accessdate = 14ú Feabhra 2017 | url-status= live | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20180109121903/http://www.visitkilkenny.ie/node/1738 | archivedate = 9ú Eanáir 2018 | df = dmy-all }}</ref><ref name="kilgallen">{{ lua idirlín | url = http://www.kilgallen.ie/civil/bridge-assessment-repair/| foilsitheoir = kilgallen.ie | teideal = KILGALLEN &amp; PARTNERS - Bridge Assessment &amp; Repair | dátarochtana = 14ú Feabhra 2017 | url-status = live | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20150725042213/http://www.kilgallen.ie/civil/bridge-assessment-repair/ | archivedate = 25ú Iúil 2015 | df = dmy-all }}</ref> Bhí ainm na ríochta ag [[Ronald Ossory Dunlop]], b'fhéidir toisc gur Mhic Giolla Phádraig (Fitzpatrick) í a mháthair. Thóg banna ''[[black metal]]'' as na [[Stáit Aontaithe]] an t-ainm ''Osraige''.<ref name="bandcamp">{{ lua idirlín | url = http://osraige.bandcamp.com/|publisher=osraige.bandcamp.com | teideal = OSRAIGE | dátarochtana = 14ú Feabhra 2017 | url-status = live | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20180109235310/https://osraige.bandcamp.com/ | archivedate = 9ú Eanáir 2018 | df=dmy-all }}</ref><ref name="metal-archives">{{ lua idirlín | url = http://www.metal-archives.com/bands/Osraige/3540367811 | foilsitheoir = metal-archives.com | teideal = Osraige – Encyclopaedia Metallum: The Metal Archives | dátarochtana = 14ú Feabhra 2017 | url-status = live | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20150220004435/http://www.metal-archives.com/bands/Osraige/3540367811 | archivedate = 20ú Feabhra 2015 | df = dmy-all }}</ref> Bhí trí long ann i g[[Cabhlach Ríoga na Breataine]] leis an ainm [[HMS Ossory|HMS ''Ossory'']]. Bhí ráschapall folaíochta darbh ainm ''[[Ossory (horse)|Ossory]]'' (1885–1889) i seilbh an Chéad [[Duke of Westminster]]. Tá roinnt Gaelscoileanna i gCill Chainnigh ainmnithe as Osraí, san áireamh Gaelscoil Osraí<ref name="osrai">{{ lua idirlín | url = http://www.osrai.com/ | foilsitheoir = osrai.com | teideal = Gaelscoil Osrai – Cill Chainnigh, Co. Cill Chainnigh – Kilkenny, Co. Kilkenny – (056) 776 5697 | dátarochtana = 14ú Feabhra 2017 | url-status = live | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20161020175612/http://www.osrai.com/ | archivedate = 20ú Deireadh Fómhair 2016 | df = dmy-all }}</ref> agus Coláiste Pobail Osraí.<ref name="osrai2">{{ lua idirlín | url = http://osrai.ie/|publisher=osrai.ie | teideal = Coláiste Pobail Osraí - An chéad scoil chomhoideachais lán-Ghaelach | dátarochtana = 14ú Feabhra 2017 | url-status = live | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20170123094529/http://osrai.ie/ | archivedate = 23ú Eanáir 2017 | df = dmy-all }}</ref> === Ealaíon nua-aimseartha === Feictear Osraí go suntasach i roinnt saothair fhicsean stairiúil le húdair éagsúla. Tá súil polaitíocht na ríochta pléite in ''Diarmait King of Leinster'' (2006) le [[Nicholas Furlong]], maraon leis an staraí, <!--two-time chairman of the [[Irish Writers' Union]]--> [[Conor Kostick]], in ''Strongbow: the Norman Invasion of Ireland'' (2013).<ref name = "obrien">{{ lua idirlín | url = http://www.obrien.ie/strongbow-the-norman-invasion-of-ireland | foilsitheoir = obrien.ie | teideal = The O'Brien Press – Strongbow – The Norman Invasion of Ireland By Conor Kostick | dátarochtana = 14ú Feabhra 2017 | url-status = live | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20160304054224/http://www.obrien.ie/strongbow-the-norman-invasion-of-ireland | archivedate = 4ú Márta 2016 | df = dmy-all }}</ref> Feictear Údarás ar an bhfód in [[Sister Fidelma mysteries]] le [[Peter Tremayne]], ''Suffer Little Children'' (1995) agus ''The Seventh Trumpet'' (2012) ach go háirithe.<ref name = "sisterfidelma">{{ lua idirlín | url = http://www.sisterfidelma.com/books.html | foilsitheoir = sisterfidelma.com | teideal = SISTER FIDELMA MYSTERIES – THE BOOKS | dátarochtana = 14ú Feabhra 2017 | url-status = live | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20161204095813/http://www.sisterfidelma.com/books.html | archivedate = 4ú Nollaig 2016 | df = dmy-all }}</ref> Déanann [[Morgan Llywelyn]] trácht go sách minic ar Osraí ina saothair, go háirithe in ''[[Lion of Ireland]]'' (1980), an ceann eile sa tsraith '' [[Pride of Lions (novel)|Pride of Lions]]'' (1996), ''Strongbow: The Story of Richard & Aoife'' (1996)<ref name = "obrien2">{{ lua idirlín | url = http://www.obrien.ie/strongbow | foilsitheoir = obrien.ie | teideal = The O'Brien Press – Strongbow – The Story of Richard and Aoife By Morgan Llywelyn | dátarochtana = 14ú Feabhra 2017 | url-status = live | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20170823231947/http://www.obrien.ie/strongbow | archivedate = 23ú Lúnasa 2017 | df = dmy-all }}</ref> agus ''1014: Brian Boru & the Battle for Ireland'' (2014).<ref name = "obrien3">{{ lua idirlín | url = http://www.obrien.ie/1014 | foilsitheoir = obrien.ie | teideal = The O'Brien Press – 1014: Brian Boru & the Battle for Ireland By Morgan Llywelyn Maps by Terry Foley | dátarochtana = 14ú Feabhra 2017 | url-status = live | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20170823231434/http://www.obrien.ie/1014 | archivedate = 23ú Lúnasa 2017 | df = dmy-all }}</ref> ''Tavia Osraige'' is ainm do phearsa san úrscéal ''Rainseeker'' (2014) le Jeanette Matern.<ref name = "google6">{{ lua idirlín | url = https://play.google.com/store/books/details/Jeanette_Matern_Rainseeker?id = UPmVAwAAQBAJ | teideal = Rainseeker – Books on Google Play | dátarochtana = 14ú Feabhra 2017 | url-status = live | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20151212073722/https://play.google.com/store/books/details/Jeanette_Matern_Rainseeker?id=UPmVAwAAQBAJ | archivedate = 12ú Nollaig 2015 | df = dmy-all }}</ref> Léirítear agus ceiliúrtar sa [[Taipéis Rois]] roinnt cathanna a tharla i nOsraí le linn [[ionradh na Normannach ar Éirinn|ionradh na Normannach]] chomh maith le teacht [[William Marshal, 1d Iarla Pembroke|William Marshal]].<ref name = "rostapestry">{{ lua idirlín | url = http://www.rostapestry.com/panel_5_battles_ossory.htm | foilsitheoir = rostapestry.com | teideal = panel_5_battles_ossory | dátarochtana = 14ú Feabhra 2017 | url-status = dead | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20160304130801/http://www.rostapestry.com/panel_5_battles_ossory.htm | archivedate = 4ú Márta 2016 | df = dmy-all }}</ref><ref name = "rostapestrylovers">{{ lua idirlín | url = http://www.rostapestrylovers.com/index.php/gallery | foilsitheoir = rostapestrylovers.com | teideal = The Ros Tapestry Lovers – Panels of the Ros Tapestry | dátarochtana = 14ú Feabhra 2017 | url-status = live | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20160303231114/http://rostapestrylovers.com/index.php/gallery | archivedate = 3ú Márta 2016 | df = dmy-all }}</ref> Sa bhliain 2018, chum Lise De La Salle sraith cheol pianó le haghaidh gach painéal den Ros Tapestry, ag tabhairt an teidil ''Battles in the Kingdom of Ossory'' ar cheann amháin dóibh.<ref>Lise De La Salle, ''[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uHvCqWwbYL8 Battles in the Kingdom of Ossory]'' ar YouTube</ref> === Cluichí === Feictear Osraí go minic i gcluichí an lae inniu, de bharr a suíomh straitéiseach in Éirinn. Mar shampla, tá Osraí ann sa tsraith cluichí ríomhaire [[Crusader Kings]], foilsithe ag [[Paradox Interactive]].<ref name = "paradoxplaza">{{ lua idirlín | url = http://www.paradoxplaza.com/games/crusader-kings-complete#about_game-tab | foilsitheoir = Paradoxplaza.com | teideal = Crusader Kings Complete – Paradox Interactive | dátarochtana = 14ú Feabhra 2017 | url-status = dead | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20160103094013/https://www.paradoxplaza.com/games/crusader-kings-complete#about_game-tab | archivedate = 3ú Eanáir 2016 | df = dmy-all }}</ref><ref name = "paradoxplaza2">{{ lua idirlín | údar = Ends In | url = http://www.paradoxplaza.com/games/crusader-kings-ii | teideal = Buy Crusader Kings 2 - Paradox Interactive | website = Paradoxplaza.com | dáta = 2012-02-14 | dátarochtana = 2017-03-16 | url-status = live | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20140224013524/http://www.paradoxplaza.com/games/crusader-kings-ii | archivedate = 24ú Feabhra 2014 | df = dmy-all }}</ref> In [[Mount & Blade]], Viking Conquest, feictear Osraí mar bhaicle Ghaelach Chríostaí. Feictear Osraí arís in [[Total War Saga: Thrones of Britannia]], tótam fia acu, agus suíomhanna stairiúla na ríochta ann.<ref>''[https://www.honga.net/totalwar/britannia/unit.php?l=&v=britannia&f=vik_fact_osraige&u=iri_gallowglasses Total War]''</ref> Is príomh-phearsa sa chluiche é [[Flann Sinna|Flann Sionna]], an tArdrí stairiúil leath-Osraí trína mháthair, [[Land ingen Dúngaile|Lann ní Dhúnghaile]].<ref>''[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d3W2N1DdAAM Youtube]''</ref> Faightear Osraí fosta mar ríocht ar léarscáil mheánaoiseach de [[Conquer Club]].<ref name = "conquerclub">{{ lua idirlín | url = http://www.conquerclub.com/forum/viewtopic.php?f=64&t=1150&start=135 | foilsitheoir = conquerclub.com | teideal = Conquer Club • View topic – Ireland map &#91;Quenched&#93; | dátarochtana = 14ú Feabhra 2017 | url-status = live | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20160304043200/http://www.conquerclub.com/forum/viewtopic.php?f=64&t=1150&start=135 | archivedate = 4u Márta 2016 | df = dmy-all }}</ref> Athchruthaíonn [[cluichí cogaíochta]] an cath cinniúnach ag [[Achadh Úr]] idir na Normannaigh ag ionsú agus na hOsraí ag cosaint.<ref>{{ lua idirlín | url = http://www.fanaticus.org/DBA/battles/achadh-ur.html | teideal = Battle of the Pass of Achadh-Ur (1169 AD) | suíomh = Fanaticus.org | dáta = 2001-03-17 | dátarochtana = 2017-03-16 | url-status = dead | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20160829051142/http://www.fanaticus.org/DBA/battles/achadh-ur.html | archivedate = 29ú Lúnasa 2016 | df = dmy-all }}</ref> Is amhlaidh freisin gur spreag an ríocht agus cuid dá ggg roinnt náisiúnstát ficseanúil i bhfóraim rólimeartha.<ref name = "nationstates">{{ lua idirlín | url = https://www.nationstates.net/nation=ossoria | foilsitheoir = nationstates.net | teideal = NationStates - The High Kingdom of Ossoria | dátarochtana = 14ú Feabhra 2017 | url-status = live | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20170109142655/https://www.nationstates.net/nation=ossoria | archivedate = 9ú Eanáir 2017 | df = dmy-all }}</ref> === Nuacht === Sa bhliain 2014, rinne fear as [[Móin Choinn]], Co. Cill Chainnigh, éileamh ar ceart cónaithe i gCaisleán Chill Chainnigh, mar sliochtach díreach mar dhea de [[ríthe na nOsraí]].<ref name="kilkennypeople">{{ lua idirlín | url = http://www.kilkennypeople.ie/news/kilkenny-news/walter-claims-his-legal-right-to-live-in-kilkenny-castle-as-a-direct-descendant-of-kings-of-ossory-1-6290114 | foilsitheoir = kilkennypeople.ie | teideal = Walter claims his legal right to live in Kilkenny Castle as a direct descendant of Kings of Ossory – Kilkenny People | dátarchtana = 14ú Feabhra 2017 | url-status = live | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20140926003426/http://www.kilkennypeople.ie/news/kilkenny-news/walter-claims-his-legal-right-to-live-in-kilkenny-castle-as-a-direct-descendant-of-kings-of-ossory-1-6290114 | archivedate = 26ú Meán Fómhair 2014 | df = dmy-all }}</ref><ref name="irishmirror">{{ lua idirlín | url = http://www.irishmirror.ie/news/irish-news/man-who-thinks-related-ancient-4196755 | foilsitheoir = irishmirror.ie| teideal = Man who thinks he is related to ancient Irish royalty claims: 'I'm King of Kilkenny Castle' – Irish Mirror Online | dátarochtana = 14ú Feabhra 2017 | url-status = live | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20160920175524/http://www.irishmirror.ie/news/irish-news/man-who-thinks-related-ancient-4196755| archivedate = 20ú Meán Fómhair 2016 | df = dmy-all }}</ref> I mí Feabhra 2017, osclaíodh Músaem nua an Mhíle Mheánaoisigh don phobal, ag léiriú stair na ríochta, i dteannta le taispeántas faoi Cjearbhall ina ról mar phatrún ar nós ardchrois na nOsraí.<ref>{{ lua idirlín | url = http://medievalmilemuseum.ie/#a-story-in-stone| teideal = Welcome - Medieval Mile Museum | dátarochtana = 16ú Márta 2017 | url-status = live | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20170312201220/http://www.medievalmilemuseum.ie/#a-story-in-stone | archivedate = 12a Márta 2017 | df = dmy-all }}</ref> == Féach freisin == * [[Annála Easpacha na hÉireann]] * [[Ríthe na Laighean]] * [[Ríthe an Osraí]] * [[Baron Upper Ossory]] * [[Earl of Ossory]] * [[Earl of Upper Ossory]] * [[Bishop of Ossory]] == Foinsí == * CELT, [http://www.ucc.ie/celt/published/T100005A/index.html ''Annals of the Four Masters, volume 1'']. CELT: Corpus of Electronic Texts. * —. [http://www.ucc.ie/celt/published/T100005B/index.html ''Annals of the Four Masters, volume 2'']. CELT: Corpus of Electronic Texts. * —. [http://www.ucc.ie/celt/published/T100005C/index.html ''Annals of the Four Masters, volume 3'']. CELT: Corpus of Electronic Texts. * —. [http://www.ucc.ie/celt/published/T100004/index.html ''The Annals of Innisfallen'']. CELT: Corpus of Electronic Texts. * —. [https://web.archive.org/web/20150829143127/http://www.ucc.ie/celt/online/T100010A/ ''The Annals of Loch Cé, volume 1'']. CELT: Corpus of Electronic Texts. * —. [http://www.ucc.ie/celt/published/T100002A/index.html ''The Annals of Tigernach'']. CELT: Corpus of Electronic Texts. * —. [http://www.ucc.ie/celt/published/T100001A/index.html ''The Annals of Ulster, volume 1'']. CELT: Corpus of Electronic Texts. * —. [http://www.ucc.ie/celt/published/T100016/index.html ''Chronicon Scotorum'']. CELT: Corpus of Electronic Texts. * —. [http://www.ucc.ie/celt/published/T100017/index.html ''Fragmentary Annals of Ireland'']. CELT: Corpus of Electronic Texts. * —. [http://www.ucc.ie/celt/published/T100013/index.html ''Mac Carthaigh's Book'']. CELT: Corpus of Electronic Texts. * {{citation |last=Byrne |first=Francis John |authorlink=Francis John Byrne |title=Irish Kings and High-Kings |publisher=Batsford |location=London |year= 1987|isbn=978-0-7134-5882-4 }} * Carrigan, William. ''The History and Antiquities of the Diocese of Ossory''. (Vols. I-V) Dublin: Sealy, Bryers & Walker, 1905. Print. * {{citation|last=Charles-Edwards |first=T. M. |title=Early Christian Ireland |publisher=Cambridge University Press |location=Cambridge |isbn=978-0-521-36395-2 |year=2000 }} * Doherty, Charles., 'Érainn', in Seán Duffy (ed.), ''Medieval Ireland: An Encyclopedia''. Routledge. 2005. p.&nbsp;156. * {{citation |last=Downham |first=Clare |title=The career of Cearbhall of Osraige |year=2004 |journal=Ossory, Laois and Leinster |volume=1 |pages=1–18 |issn=1649-4938}} * Edwards, David. "Collaboration without Anglicization: The Macgiollapadraig Lordship and Tudor Reform." ''Gaelic Ireland c. 1250 – c. 1650: Land, Lordship, & Settlement.'' Ed. Patrick J. Duffy, David Edwards, & Elizabeth FitzPatrick. Dublin: Four Courts Press, 2001. pgs. 77–97. Print. * Hariman, James. ''Irish Minstrelsy or Bardic Remains of Ireland; with English Poetical Translations.'' Vol. II. London: Joseph Robins, Bride Court, Bridge Street, 1831. * Lyng, T., ''The FitzPatricks of Ossory'', Old Kilkenny Review, Vol. 2, no. 3, 1981. * {{citation |last=Mac Niocaill |first=Gearóid |title=Ireland before the Vikings |volume=1 |series=The Gill History of Ireland |location=Dublin |publisher=Gill & Macmillan |year=1972 |isbn=978-0-7171-0558-8 }} * Morris, Henry ''The Ancient Kingdom of Ossory'', The Irish Monthly, Vol. 50, No. 588 (Jun., 1922), pp.&nbsp;230–236. Published by: Irish Jesuit Province (JSTOR Article Stable URL: https://www.jstor.org/stable/20505867) * Ó Drisceoil, Cóilín. "Probing the past: a geophysical survey at St. Canice's Cathedral, Kilkenny." ''Old Kilkenny Review'' No. 58 (2004) p.&nbsp;80–106. Print. * Ó Néill, Pádraig. "Osraige", in Seán Duffy (ed.), ''Medieval Ireland: An Encyclopedia''. Routledge. 2005. p.&nbsp;358 * Radner, Joan. ''Writing History: Early Irish Historiography and the Significance of Form'', in 'Celtica 23' (1999); p.&nbsp;312–325 == Naisc sheachtracha == * [[Corpus of Electronic Texts|CELT]] ** [http://www.ucc.ie/celt/published/G100001A/ The Annals of Ulster] ** [http://celt.ucc.ie/published/G100010A/ The Annals of Loch Cé] ** [http://www.ucc.ie/celt/published/G105003 Genealogies from Rawlinson B502] ** [http://www.ucc.ie/celt/published/G100017/ The Fragmentary Annals of Ireland] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20150923214455/http://www.dias.ie/images/stories/celtics/pubs/celtica/c23/c23-312.pdf Radner's commentary] on the Fragmentary Annals and the ''"Osraige Chronicle"'', Celtica 23 * [http://image.ox.ac.uk/show?collection=bodleian&manuscript=msrawlb502 Contents of Bodleian Library MS Rawl. B. 502]; Early Manuscripts at Oxford University * [http://theses.gla.ac.uk/1209/1/2005zumbuhld.pdf Osraige's kingship in the Central Middle Ages], Doctoral thesis by Mark Zumbuhl * [[Encyclopædia Britannica]] ** [https://archive.today/20130102033904/http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9057576 Ossory] * [http://sbaldw.home.mindspring.com/Ireland/Osr/lists/Osraige.htm Kings of Osraige], Stewart Baldwin * [https://fitzpatricksociety.com/history/ Osraige History on The Fitzpatrick] - Mac Giolla Phádraig Clan Society * [http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/00750770801909375#.Uxjc-PldU1I Irish Geography]; Volume 41, Issue 1, 2008 * [https://web.archive.org/web/20140307012026/http://kilkennyarchaeologicalsociety.ie/archaeologyreport2a.htm Cooleeshalmore archeology] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20150402154011/http://www.earlychristianireland.org/Counties/offaly/seir_kieran/ Saighir], Early Christian Sites In Ireland Database, * [http://www.stcanicescathedral.com/ St. Canice's Cathedral and Round Tower], Kilkenny * [https://web.archive.org/web/20140610205431/http://www.heritagecouncil.ie/fileadmin/user_upload/Publications/Education/kilkenny_book_l_res.pdf ''Stepping into Kilkenny's History''] == Tagairtí == {{reflist|2}} {{Mumhain}} [[Catagóir:Éarainn]] [[Catagóir:Ríochtaí Éireann]] syc1b7x324xnbipgl542u48ypi208ex 1318103 1318102 2026-06-20T15:12:33Z Marcas.oduinn 33120 /* Réamhstair */ Typo 1318103 wikitext text/x-wiki {{WD Bosca Geografaíocht Pholaitiúil}} Dream agus ríocht Ghaelach na meánaoise ba ea '''Osraige''' ([[Nua-Ghaeilge]] '''Osraí'''), agus ann siúd [[Contae Chill Chainnigh]] an lae inniu, i dteannta le hiarthar [[Contae Laoise|Chontae Laoise]], áit chónaithe na n[[Déise Osraí]]. Ainmnithe as na hOsraí féin, bhí sí ann ón chéad aois go dtí [[ionradh na Normannach ar Éirinn]] sa 12ú haois. [[Dál Birn]] ab ea rítheaghlach na ríochta, a ghlac a shliochtaigh mheánaoiseacha an sloinne [[Mhic Giolla Phádraig|Mac Giolla Phádraig]]. [[Íomhá:Fitzpatrick of Ossary.svg|mion|clé|100px]] De réir seanscéil, ba é [[Aonghas Osraithe]] é bunaitheoir na nOsraí sa chéad aois, ó thús mar chuid de chúige [[Laigin|Laigean]]. Sa 5ú haois, tháinig [[Corca Laidhe]] as [[Ríocht na Mumhan]] in áit an Dáil Bhirn, agus tugadh na hOsraí faoi smacht díreach na Mumhan. Tháinig an Dál Birn ar ais i gcoróin sa 7ú haois, cé go raibh an ríocht fós in ainm mar chuid den Mhumhain Osraí go dtí an bhliain 859, nuair a bhain sí a neamhspleáchas amach faoi cheannas an rí cumhachtach [[Cerball mac Dúnlainge|Cearbhall mac Dúnlainge]]. Dream mór le rá ba ea na hOsraí i bpolaitíocht na hÉireann ar feadh trí chéad bliain ina dhiaidh sin, cé nach raibh siad riamh in iomaíocht le haghaidh [[Ard-Ríthe na hÉireann|ard-ríogacht na hÉireann]]. Sa 12ú haois, scaradh an ríocht as a chéile de bharr aighnis inmheánaigh, agus cuireadh ar ais i gcúige Laighean í. D'ionsáigh na Normannaigh ar Éirinn faoi cheannas [[Strongbow]] ag tosú sa bhliain 1169, agus thit an chuid is mó desna hOsraí faoi bhrú [[William Marshal]]. Tháinig tuaisceart na ríochta slán faoin ainm i ndeireadh na dála [[Osraí Uachtarach]], go dtí réimeas an rí [[Anraí VIII Shasana]], nuair a bhunaigh an bharúntacht den ainm céanna sa bhliain 1541. == Tíreolaíocht == Bhíodh na hOsraí ársa lonnaithe sa tír thorthúil thart timpeall ghleann[[An Fheoir|na Feoire]], suite i g[[Contae Chill Chainnigh]] a bheag nó a mhór, agus iarthar [[Contae Laoise]]. San iarthar agus an deisceart, bhíodh Osraige teoranta ag [[An tSiúir|an Siúir]]; san oirthear, bhíodh foinse [[An Bhearú|na Bearú]] ina teorainn leis na Laigin ([[Gabhrán]] san áireamh). Glaoitear [[Cumar na dTrí Uisce]] ar na trí haibhneacha úd, a thagann le chéile díreach ar an taobh thuaidh de [[Port Láirge|Chathair Phort Láirge]]. Aird ó thuaidh, shíneadh na hOsraí níos faide i gcéin ná [[Sliabh Bladhma]].<ref>{{ cite book| title = Collectanea de rebus hibernicis | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=OAA-AAAAcAAJ&pg=PA331 | year = 1790 | pages = 331– }}</ref> Maraon le go leor [[Ríochtaí Éireann|ríochtaí]] eile in Éirinn — ''Ulaid, Laigin'', srl. — ainmníodh críocha na nOsraí astu féin. Ba iad a gcomharsana is suntasaí ná: na ''[[Loígis]]'', [[Uí Chinnsealaigh]] agus [[Uí Bhairrche]] sa thuaidh agus thoir; agus na [[Déise]], [[Eoghanacht Chaisil]] agus [[Éile]] sa Mumhain theas agus thiar.<ref>Byrne, ''Irish kings and high-kings'', mapaí ar ll. 133 & 172–173</ref><ref>Charles-Edwards, ''Early Christian Ireland'', lch. 236, mapa 9 & lch. 532, mapa 13.</ref> Is iad mar shampla [[Cnoc Bhréanail]] agus [[Ard Éireann]] (ar theorainn Laoise-Uíbh Fhailí) ar na pointí is airde sa cheantar. Téann [[Slí Dhála|Slí ársa Dhála]]<ref>{{ lua idirlín | teideal = O'Lochlainn's 1940 map | url = https://historyatgalway.files.wordpress.com/2013/07/o-lochlainn-cropped.jpg | format = JPG | suíomh = Historyatgalway.files.wordpress.com | dátarochtana = 2017-03-16 | url-status = live | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20161017002532/https://historyatgalway.files.wordpress.com/2013/07/o-lochlainn-cropped.jpg | archivedate = 17ú Deireadh Fómhair 2016 | df = dmy-all }}</ref> siar ó dheas trí thuaisceart na nOsraí ó [[Teamhair|Theamhraigh]] i dtreo na [[Mumha]]n,<ref>{{ lua idirlín | url = http://www.ucc.ie/celt/published/G106500C/ | teideal = The Metrical Dindshenchas | df=dmy-all }}</ref><ref>{{ lua idirlín | url = http://proceedings.esri.com/library/userconf/proc02/pap1030/p1030.htm | teideal = Archived copy | accessdate = 2015-06-14 | url-status = dead | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20150712205737/http://proceedings.esri.com/library/userconf/proc02/pap1030/p1030.htm | archivedate = 12ú Iúil 2015 | df=dmy-all }}</ref><ref name="libraryireland">{{ lua idirlín | url = http://www.libraryireland.com/SocialHistoryAncientIreland/III-XXIV-1.php | foilsitheoir = libraryireland.com | teideal = Roads, Bridges and Causeways in Ancient Ireland | dátarochtana = 14ú Feabhra 2017 | url-status = live | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20170123064711/http://www.libraryireland.com/SocialHistoryAncientIreland/III-XXIV-1.php | archivedate = 23ú Eanáir 2017 | df = dmy-all }}</ref> a thug a ainm níos deireanaí do [[Caisleán an Bhealaigh Mhóir|Chaisleán an Bhealaigh Mhóir]].<ref name="google">{{ cite book | title = The Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland | author = Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland | date = 1907 | publisher = The Society|issn=0035-9106 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=JE8OAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA26 | page = 26 | accessdate = 14ú Feabhra 2017 }}</ref> Chuaigh bóthar ársa eile, [[Slí Cualann Nua|Slí Chualann]], trí oirdheisceart na nOsraí, siar ó [[Ros Mhic Thriúin]] an lae inniu, agus ansin ó dheas go dtí Chathair Phort Láirge. <gallery> Íomhá:Nore River Map.jpg|Topography of Osraige; note location of the "[[Cumar na dTrí Uisce]]". Íomhá:Young River Barrow - geograph.org.uk - 1227156.jpg|Foinse [[An Bhearú|na Bearú]] i Sliabh Bladhma Íomhá:River Nore - geograph.org.uk - 514252.jpg|[[An Fheoir]] Íomhá:River Suir, Drumdowney, Co. Kilkenny - geograph.org.uk - 1317661.jpg|[[An tSiúir]] Íomhá:SlieveBloomMountains.jpg|[[Sliabh Bladhma]] Íomhá:BrandonHill91.jpg|[[Cnoc Bhréanail]], the highest elevation in Kilkenny </gallery> == Stair == === Réamhstair === Is é brí b'fhéidir le hainm na treibhe ''Os-raige''<ref>[http://dil.ie/34087 Osraige], ar eDIL</ref> ná "muintir na n-os" nó na bhfianna. Deirtear de réir sean-nóis gur ainmníodh iad as an bunaitheoir luath-stairiúil réamh-Chríostaí, [[Óengus Osrithe|Aonghas Osraithe]].<ref>Ginealaigh as [[Rawlinson B 502]], [[Corpus of Electronic Texts]], ll. 15–16</ref><ref name="maryjones1">{{ lua idirlín | url = http://www.maryjones.us/ctexts/fitness_of_names.html | teideal = Cσir Anmann: Fitness of Names | suíomh = maryjones.us | dátarochtana = 2017-03-16 | url-status = live | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20160303202314/http://www.maryjones.us/ctexts/fitness_of_names.html | archivedate = 3ú Mhárta 2016 | df = dmy-all }}</ref> Bhí na hOsraí is dóigh ina ghéag deisceartach na [[Ulaid|nUlad]] nó an [[Dál Fiatach|Dáil Fiataigh]],<ref>Byrne, lch. 201</ref> é sin nó dhlúthghaoil a n-iar-comhghuaillithe, [[Corcu Loígde|Corca Laidhe]].<ref>Ó Néill, 'Osraige'</ref><ref>Doherty, 'Érainn'</ref> I ngach cás, is amhlaidh gurbh [[Éarainn]] iad. Mhaígh na hOsraí féin amhlaidh, agus aontaíonn scoláirí a leo. Faightear ar an [[Geografaíocht (Tolamaes)|léarscáil]] den 2a haois le [[Tolamaes]] treibh a thugann sé ''[[Usdiae]]'' orthu, ar chomhair leis na hOsraí féin.<ref>''Ptolemy's map of Ireland: a modern decoding.'' R. Darcy, William Flynn. Irish Geography Iml. 41, Eag. 1, 2008. Léarscáil 1.</ref> Sna tailte úd, is dócha go raibh dún [[Iarannaois]]e ag [[Cnoc Ghráinseach Chúil Phobail]] agus suíomh adhlactha Rómhánach den chéad aois ag [[Áth Stúin]], i gContae Chill Chainnigh an dís.<ref name="culturalheritageireland">{{ lua idirlín | url = http://www.culturalheritageireland.ie/index.php/irelands-top-100-heritage-discoveries/81-irelands-top-100-heritage-discoveries/144-heritage-discoveries-the-roman-burial-from-stoneyford-co-kilkenny | foilsitheoir = culturalheritageireland.ie | teideal = Heritage Discoveries: The Roman Burial from Stoneyford, Co. Kilkenny | dátarochtana = 14ú Feabhra 2017 | url-status= live | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20170215200145/http://www.culturalheritageireland.ie/index.php/irelands-top-100-heritage-discoveries/81-irelands-top-100-heritage-discoveries/144-heritage-discoveries-the-roman-burial-from-stoneyford-co-kilkenny | archivedate = 15ú Feabhra 2017 | df = dmy-all }}</ref> A bhuí le slí mheán tíre via [[an Fheoir]], [[an Bhearú]] agus [[an tSiúir]], d'fhéadfadh é go ndearna na hOsraí níos mó trádála leis [[an Bhreatain|an mBreatain]] agus an mór-roinn, na Rómhánaigh agus a reiligiún nua, an [[Críostaíocht|Chríostaíocht]], ach go háirithe.<ref name="academia1970">{{ lua idirlín | url = https://www.academia.edu/9193361 | teideal = The Tri-River Region: The geographic key to lasting change in Ireland - Eóghan Mac Giolla Phádraig | suíomh = academia.edu | dáta = 1970-01-01 | dátarochtana = 2017-03-16 | url-status = live | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20180514235359/http://www.academia.edu/9193361/The_Tri-River_Region_The_geographic_key_to_lasting_change_in_Ireland | archivedate = 14ú Bealtaine 2018 | df = dmy-all }}</ref> Roimh theacht na Críostaíochta, is amhlaidh go raibh na hOsraí agus a ngaoil, Corca Laidhe, i gceannas sa Mhumhain sular chuir teacht chun cinn na [[Eoghanachta|nEoghanacht]] ar an imeall dís.<ref>Charles-Edwards, ''Early Christian Ireland'', lch. 541</ref> Ón 5ú haois ar aghaidh go dtí an 12ú, feictear [[Dál Birn|Dál Bhirn]] (''Dál mBirn'') mar rítheaghlaigh na nOsraí. Ón aimsir sin, bhí na hOsraí faoi réim na Laigean. Measadh roinnt scoláirí gur bréag é [[Ō]]-ghinealach na nOsraí, cumtha chun a gcuid cuspóirí a bhaint amach sa Laigin. Dar le [[Francis John Byrne]], téann sé siar b'fhéidir go dtí ré [[Cerball mac Dúnlainge|Cearbhall mac Dúnlainge]] sa 9ú haois.<ref>Byrne, lch. 163</ref> === Forghabh Dhéise, Chorca Laidhe agus Críostaíocht (c. 450 – 625) === Tá fianaise ann i roinnt foinsí, ''[[Tairired na nDéisi]]'' ina measc, gur ghéill na hOsraí machaire dá dtailte theas dosna [[Déise]] díláithrithe, am éigin roimh an bhliain 489.<ref>{{ lua idirlín | url = http://www.ucc.ie/celt/published/G302006/index.html | teideal = The Expulsion of the Déssi | suíomh = celt.ucc.ie | dátarochtana =2017-03-16 | url-status = live | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20161011184755/http://www.ucc.ie/celt/published/G302006/index.html | archivedate = 11ú Deireadh Fómhair 2016 | df = dmy-all }}</ref> De réir an chuir síos traidisiúnta, bhí na Déise ar fáin, ag lorg tailte sa Mhumhan mar chuid de spré Eithne ''Uafásach'' agus í pósta le [[Óengus mac Nad Froích|Aonghas mac Nadh Fraoigh]]. Chuir na hOsraí an ruaig orthu i gcath riartha, agus bhuaigh na Déise i ndeireadh na dála le draíocht agus feall.<ref name="mabinogi1">{{ lua idirlín | url = http://www.mabinogi.net/sections/ch%204/The_Expulsion_of_the_Deisi.pdf | teideal = Chapter 4 : The Expulsion of the Déisi | suíomh = mabinogi.net | dátarochtana = 2017-03-16 | url-status = live | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20160304062955/http://www.mabinogi.net/sections/ch%204/The_Expulsion_of_the_Deisi.pdf | archivedate = 4ú Márta 2016 | df = dmy-all }}</ref> The account mentions that at this defeat, the Ossorians fled like wild ois! Is amhlaidh gur tháinig ríthe Chorca Laidhe i gceannas i ndeisceart Osraí tar éis na cliste seo; bhí an Dál Birn fós ann sa tuaisceart. Ag deireadh na 6ú haoise, tháinig na h[[Eoghanachta]] chun cinn, i gcomhaontas le muintir [[Uí Néill]] in éadan na Corca Laidhe,<ref>Charles-Edwards, 2000</ref> agus tharla meath ar stádas na nOsraí. Sa bhliain 582, maraíodh [[Fergus Scandal mac Crimthainn|Fearghas Scannal mac Criomhthainn]], rí Mumhan, ag fir na Laigean, agus géilleadh Osraí as Laigin mar chúiteamh.<ref>CS 583</ref><ref>{{ lua idirlín | url = https://archive.org/stream/lebornacertbooko00dilluoft#page/44/mode/2up/search/osraige | teideal = Lebor na cert | suíomh = archive.org | dáta = 2010-07-21 | dátarochtana = 2017-03-16 }}</ref> Timpeall an ama sin that time (sa bhliain 581 nó 583), mharaigh fir na hOsraí (nó ''Clann Connla'' dar le h[[Annála Easpacha na hÉireann]]) rí deireanach na Corca Laidhe, [[Feradach Finn mac Duach]], agus fuair dúradh ar ais an chuid is mó dá dtailte faoin seachtú haois.<ref>FA 4</ref> Ar feadh na tréimhse seo, tháinig an Chríostaíocht chun cinn, le teacht misinéirí ón mBreatain agus ón Eoraip, agus í faoi bhláth i bhfostaí ach go háirithe. Dar le naomhsheanchas ar marthain, go háirithe faoi [[Naomh Ciarán]] Saighre, bunaíodh i nOsraí an chéad cheannas easpag Chríostaí, roimh theacht [[Naomh Pádraig]] fiú; tá seo ar phlé i measc scoláirí fós, ámh.<ref>Sharpe, O' Riain, and Sperber</ref> Meastar go ndeachaigh Naomh Pádraig tríd an ríocht ag soiscéalú, agus gur bunaíodh eaglais atá nasctha leis sa Domhnach Mór.<ref>{{ lua idirlín | url = https://www.academia.edu/9622546 | teideal = C. Ó Drisceoil 2013 Excavation and monitoring in Saint Canice's Cathedral Graveyard | suíomh = academia.edu | dáta = 2013 | dátarochtana = 2017-03-16 | url-status = live | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20150828014009/http://www.academia.edu/9622546/C._O_Drisceoil_2013_Excavation_and_monitoring_in_Saint_Canices_Cathedral_Graveyard_2013_Kilkenny_Archaeology_ | archivedate = 28ú Lúnasa 2015 | df = dmy-all }}</ref><ref>{{ lua idirlín | url = http://irishwalledtownsnetwork.ie/page/kilkenny/kilkenny-info | teideal = History of Kilkenny | suíomh = irishwalledtownsnetwork.ie | dáta = 2013-01-18 | dátarochtana = 2017-03-16 |url-status = live | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20170113092246/http://irishwalledtownsnetwork.ie/page/kilkenny/kilkenny-info | archivedate = 13ú Eanáir 2017 | df = dmy-all }}</ref> Bhunaigh [[Naomh Cainnech]] dhá eaglais i nOsraí, [[Achadh Bhó]] agus Cill Chainnigh féin. Bhí an chathaoir easpag acu siúd i ndiaidh Saighre. ===Borradh Dhál Birn (625 – 795)=== Níltear ar aon intinn i measc scoláirí i dtaobh líon ríthe na Corca Laidhe i nOsraí. Faoi theacht i réim [[Ríthe_na_nOsraí#Ríthe_na_nOsraí_go_dtí_1103|Scannláin Mhóir]] (bás c. 643), ámh, bhí rítheaghlach Dhál Bhirn arís i gceannas, cé go raibh ó an go ham roinnt coimhlinte eatarthu.<ref>{{ lua idirlín | url = http://sbaldw.home.mindspring.com/Ireland/Osr/lists/Osraige.htm | teideal = Kings of Osraige | suíomh = sbaldw.home.mindspring.com | dáta = 2011-02-07 | dátarochtana = 2017-03-16 | url-status = live | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20160304052359/http://sbaldw.home.mindspring.com/Ireland/Osr/lists/Osraige.htm | archivedate = 4ú Márta 2016 | df = dmy-all }}</ref> Déanach na seachtú haoise, tharla achrainn idir na hOsraí agus a gcomharsana i n-oirdheisceart na [[Laigin|Laigean]], go háirithe in éadan mhuintir [[Uí Chinnsealaigh]]. I lár na hochtú haoise, bhí [[Anmchad mac Con Cherca|Anmchadh mac Con Chearca]] ina rí is gníomhaí sa Mhumhain, agus an chéad rí ar thug na hannálaithe faoi deara é.<ref>Charles-Edwards, ''Early Christian Ireland'', lch. 576</ref> Tar éis bhás Anmchadha sa bhliain 761, tharla cath cathartha i nOsraí agus tháinig i gcoróin sa deireadh [[Tóim Snáma mac Flainn|Tuaim Snámha mac Flainn]], oidhre as ginealach eile. Sa bhliain 769, bhuaigh Tuaim in éadan mhic [[Cellach mac Fáelchair|Ceallaigh mhic Fhaolchair]] (bás 735) agus is amhlaidh [[Dúngal mac Cellaig|Dúnghal]] (bás 772) ina measc, agus chuir sé an ruaig orthu.<ref>AU 769.1</ref> Sa bhliain 770, maraíodh é ámh, ag Dúnghal a chomharba is dóigh.<ref>AU 770.2</ref> Bhí na heaglaise faoi bhláth le linn na tréimhse seo. Feictear cléirigh suntasacha as Osraí sna hannála, mar shampla, bhain [[Vergilius of Salzburg|Naomh Fearghal]] cáil idirnáisiúnta amach mar réalteolaí agus easpag [[Salzburg]] san [[an Ostair|Ostair]] an lae inniu. Maraíodh ámh easpag ''Laidcnén mac Doinennach'', abb [[Saighir|Saighre]] sa bhliain 744.<ref>AU 744.1</ref> === Osraí agus na Lochlannaigh (795 – 1014) === Sna naoú agus luath deichiú haoiseanna, a bhuí rochtan thar haibhneacha na Feoire, na Siúire agus na Barú, lonnaigh [[Lochlannaigh]] ar agus timpeall teorannacha na nOsraí.<ref name="academia1970"/> Tharla coimhlint idir na Gaeil agus na Lochlannaigh ar an Siúir chomh luath is an bhliain 812, agus sa bhliain 825, Shell loingeas mór feadh na Feoire agus na Bearú, inflicting a devastating rout on the Osraí.<ref>AU 825.12</ref> Bhunaigh Rodolf mac [[Harald Klak]] [[longphort]] ag Dunrally ar an teorainn le Laois, idir na blianta 850–62.<ref>E. Kelly agus J. Maas. ''Vikings on the Barrow: Dunrally Fort, a possible Viking Longphort in Co. Laois''. In Archaeology Ireland; iml. 9, ui. 3. (1995)</ref> Lonnaíodh longphoirt eile ag [[Baile na Coille (Contae Laoise)|Baile na Coille]]<ref name="fuel">{{ lua idirlín | url = http://www.fourcourtspress.ie/books/2014/woodstown/ | údar = fuel.ie | teideal = Four Courts Press - Woodstown | dátarochtana = 14ú Feabhra 2017| url-status=live | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20160725222631/http://www.fourcourtspress.ie/books/2014/woodstown|archivedate=25 July 2016| df=dmy-all }}</ref> (c.830–860) agus [[Port Láirge]] sa bhliain 914. As an achrann seo uile, tháinig Osraí slán agus leath-neamhspleách i ndeisceart na hÉireann faoi lár na naoú haoise, le linn réimeas fada [[Cerball mac Dúnlainge|Chearbhaill mhic Dúnlainge]] (833 - 888).<ref>{{ lua idirlín | url = https://www.academia.edu/10971308 | sloinne = Lane | ainm = Pádraig G. | teideal = The Vikings and the kingdom of Laois. | suíomh = academia.edu | dáta = 1970-01-01 | dátarochtana = 2017-03-16 | url-status = live | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20180514235359/http://www.academia.edu/10971308/The_Vikings_and_the_kingdom_of_Laois._In_P%C3%A1draig_G._Lane_and_William_Nolan_eds._Laois_History_and_Society_Interdisciplinary_Essays_on_the_History_of_an_Irish_County_Dublin_1999_pp_123-159 | archivedate = 14ú Bealtaine 2018 | df = dmy-all }}</ref> [[Íomhá:Early Scandinavian Dublin - South-East.svg|deas|mion|Oirdheisceart na hÉireann ''c.'' 900. Léirítear teorannacha na nOsraí le línte poncaithe.]] Chuaigh tionchar Chearbhaill i bhfad agus i ngearr. Rinne sé comhaontas pósta le h[[Ardrí na hÉireann]], [[Máel Sechnaill mac Máele Ruanaid|Maol Seachnaill mac Maoil Rúnaí]], agus chuir sé iachall ar [[Máel Gualae|Maol Guala]], rí Mumhan, neamhspláchas Osraí a aithint sa bhliain 859.<ref>AU 859.3</ref><ref>FA 265, 268</ref> Deirtear sa [[Landnámabók]] Íoslainne Cerball gur rí Áth Cliath agus [[Inse Orc]], cé go creideann aistriú nach bhfuil ann ach an bolscaireacht le fáil i n[[Annála Easpacha na hÉireann]], spreagtha ag sliochtach Chearbhaill [[Donnchad mac Gilla Pátraic|Donnchadh mac Giolla Phádraig]], sa haonú haois déag.<ref>{{ lua idirlín | url = http://www.ucc.ie/celt/Viking%20Ireland%20Afterthoughts.pdf | teideal = Viking Ireland — Afterthoughts | sloinne = Ó Corráin | ainm = Donnchadh | suíomh = celt.ucc.ie | dátarochtana = 2017-03-16 | url-status = live | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20161009085531/http://www.ucc.ie/celt/Viking%20Ireland%20Afterthoughts.pdf | archivedate = 9ú Deireadh Fómhair 2016 | df = dmy-all }}</ref>. Tá fianaise is imthoisceach ann gur chuir Cearbhall teachtaí chun caidreamh a bhunú le h[[Impireacht na gCairilínseach]] faoi [[Charles Maol]], a bhí faoi freisin na Lochlannaigh.<ref>{{ lua idirlín | url = https://classesv2.yale.edu/access/content/user/haw6/Vikings/Annals%20of%20St%20Bertin.html | teideal = Annals of St Bertin | suíomh = classesv2.yale.edu | dátarochtana = 2017-03-16 | url-status = live | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20171119164530/https://classesv2.yale.edu/access/content/user/haw6/Vikings/Annals%20of%20St%20Bertin.html | archivedate = 19ú Samhain 2017 | df = dmy-all }}</ref> Ceannaire den scoth ba ea [[Gilla Pátraic mac Donnchada|Giolla Pádraig mac Donnchadha]] (r. 976–996), de mhuintir Chearbhaill, agus glac rítheaghlach na nOsraí an sloinne '[[Mhic Giolla Phádraig|Mac Giolla Phádraig]]'. Fair dheireadh na 10ú haoise, tharla coimhlint idir na hOsraí agus rí uaillmhianach an [[Dál gCais|Dáil Chais]], [[Brian Bóramha]], a d'éirigh ina Ardrí siar maraíodh é ag [[Cath Chluain Tarbh]] sa bhliain 1014. Níor ghlac na hOsraí páirt sa chath úd, ach tá scéal ann in ''[[Cogad Gáedel re Gallaib]]'' ina insítear gur thug siad a ndúshlán gaiscígh gortaithe an Dáil Chais ar a shlí abhaile. Is amhrasach é fíoras an scéil seo, dar le roinnt scoláirí, óir gur bolscaireacht í an fhoinse seo.<ref>[[Cogad Gáedel re Gallaib]]; [[Foras Feasa ar Éirinn]] le [[Seathrún Céitinn]]; ''Chronicle of Ireland'' le Meredith Hanmer.</ref><ref>Lyng, lch. 260-1</ref> ===Osraí agus an chéad bhorradh Éireannach (1015 – 1165)=== Agus meath tagtha ar bhagairt na Lochlannach, tháinig go leor ríochtaí beaga faoi smacht na ríochtaí móra, agus monarcacht láraithe á fhorbairt mar ba ghnáth cé go fuilteach. Bhí tacaíocht na nOsraí in ann iarracht ar an ard-ríogacht a chur chun cinn nó ó rath, cé nach ndearna ríthe na nOsraí féin a leithéid d'iarracht. Bhain an ríocht barr a réime amach faoi [[Donnchad mac Gilla Pátraic|Dhonnchadh mac Giolla Phádraig]], rí is cumhachtaí na nOsraí, d'fhéadfaí a rá. Rinne sé creach ar an Mí agus Áth Cliath, agus threascair sé na Laigin sa bhliain 1033. Shocraigh sé [[Aonach Charmáin]] agus bhí sé ina rí sa dá ríocht go dtí a bhás sa bhliain 1039. Sna blianta 1085 agus 1114, ámh, dódh cathair Chill Chainnigh.<ref>ACM 1085.10, 1114.12</ref> Tharla athruithe móra i gcaitheamh eagar agus cleachtaí na heaglaise Éireannaí, ag ailíniú le gluaiseacht [[leasú Ghréagóra]] a bhí ar siúl ar an mór-roinn. Go suntasach, tharla [[Sionad Ráth Bhreasail]], mar chuid den ghluaiseacht seo i dtuaisceart Osraí sa bhliain 1111.<ref>{{ cite book | url = https://archive.org/details/AMemoirIntroductory | quote = location of the synod of rath breasail | title = A memoir introductory to the early history of the primacy of Armagh | author = Robert King | page = [https://archive.org/details/AMemoirIntroductory/page/n42 83] | accessdate = 2017-03-16 | year = 1854 }}</ref> Faoin luath-12ú haois, bhí Cath cathartha ar siúl sa rítheaghlach agus scaradh an ríocht ina trí chuid. Sa bhliain 1103, maraíodh [[Gilla Pátraic Ruadh|Giolla Pádraig Rua]] agus mórán dá mhuintir ar feachtas i dtuaisceart Éireann.<ref>AU 1103.5</ref> Tháinig ansin beirt éilitheoirí Mhic Giolla Phádraig chun cinn: [[Domnall Ruadh Mac Gilla Pátraic|Domhnall Rua]] i 'dTuaisceart Osraige' nó 'Leath Osraige'; agus Cearbhall i 'nDeisceart Osraige'. I dteannta sin, d'fhógair dhá chlann a neamhspleáchas ar riail Mhic Giolla Phádraig, mar a bhí, Uí Caollaí as [[Magh Lacha]] agus Uí Foirchealláin as Osraí is faide ó thuaidh.<ref name="google2">{{ cite book | title = The history and antiquities of the diocese of Ossory | author = Carrigan, W. | date = 1905 | volume = 1 | publisher = Sealy, Bryers & Walker | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=74QNAAAAYAAJ | accessdate = 14ú Feabhra 2017 }}</ref> Thart timpeall ghleann torthúil na Feoire, níos seasmhaí a bhí an scéal, agus tugtar go minic sna hannála ach "Osraige" ar an áit. In ainneoin a scartha, bhí neart cumhachta fós ag na hOsraí na Laigin a chloí.<ref>ACM 1154.15</ref> Mar chúiteamh, rinne an Ardrí [[Muirchertach Mac Lochlainn|Muircheartach Mac Lochlainn]] ionsaí orthu le slua mór sa bhliain 1156. Scrios sé an ríocht ó bhun go barr, agus chuir sé go hoifigiúil faoi smacht na Laighean í.<ref>ACM 1156.17, 1157.10</ref> ===Meath le linn ionradh na Normannach (1165 – 1194)=== Bhí ardú achrainn idir hOsraí agus na Laigin roimh ionradh Na Normannach. Sna 1150í, rinne an tArdrí high king [[Muirchertach Mac Lochlainn]] ollscrios ar Osraí, ag sí is ag creachadh an ríocht go léir, agus á chur faoi smacht Laigin. Is suntasach é gur cuireadh ar altramas chuig tuaisceart Osraí, i gcríocha Uí Caollaí, [[Diarmaid mac Murchadha]], a bheadh lá breá éigin ina rí Laighean agus a thugfadh cuireadh dosna Normannaigh go hÉirinn. Mar rí, tháinig sé go mion minic chun cumhacht na nOsraí a thabhairt i gcás. Tar éis dheoraíocht agus filleadh ar ais mhic Murchadha sa bhliain 1167, cuireadh leis an teannas idir na hOsraí agus na Laigean, óir gur dalladh [[Éanna mac Diarmada|Éanna]], mac agus rídhamhna mhic Murchadha ag [[Donnchad Mac Giolla Phádraig|Donnchadh Mac Giolla Phádraig]], rí Osraí.<ref>MCB 1167.4</ref> Tháinig an chéad arm amhas mhic Murchadha faoi cheannas [[Robert FitzStephen]] i dtír gar do theorainn Osraí ag [[Banú]]. Gabh siad [[Loch Garman]] agus d'ionsaigh ar an dtoirt hOsraí, ag tógáil gialla mar comhartha géillte.<ref>MCB 1167.6</ref> Níos déanaí fós, tháinig arm cúnta faoi [[Raymond FitzGerald]] (le Gros) i dtír ag [[Port Láirge]], agus bhuaigh coimheascar in aghaidh na n-áitreabhach.<ref>MCB 1167.9</ref> Faoin mbliain 1169, bhí [[Strongbow]] féin tagtha i dtír ag Port Láirge le slua mór. Phós sé iníon mhic Murchadha, [[Aoife MacMurrough|Aoife]], agus rinne sé slad ar an gcathair.<ref>MCB 1169.2</ref> Níos deireanaí an bhliain úd, tharla cath mór sna coillte i nOsraí gar d'[[Achadh Úr]] nuair a chloígh mac Murchadha agus a chomhghuaillithe faoi cheannas [[Robert FitzStephen]], [[Meiler FitzHenry]], [[Maurice de Prendergast]], Miles FitzDavid, agus Hervey de Clare (Montmaurice), arm níos mó faoi [[Domnall Mac Gilla Pátraic|Domhnall Mac Giolla Phádraig]], rí Osraí, tar éis [[cúlú bréagach|chúlaithe bhréagaigh]] i rith chatha trí lá.<ref>{{ lua idirlín | url = https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=pJY4AQAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&hl=en&pg=GBS.PA16 | teideal = Google Play | suíomh = Play.google.com | dátarochtana = 2017-03-16 }}</ref><ref name="yolasite">{{ lua idirlín | url = http://freshford.yolasite.com/ | foilsitheoir = freshford.yolasite.com | teideal = WWW.Freshford.com | dátarochtana = 14ú Feabhra 2017 | url-status = live | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20160304130827/http://freshford.yolasite.com/ | archivedate = 4ú Márta 2016 | df = dmy-all }}</ref> Go gairid ina dhiaidh sin, thréig de Prendergast agus a bhuíon [[Flóndras|Phléimeannach]] ó champa mhic Mhurchadha agus sheas sé le harm Domhnaill i nOsraí, sulfar fhág sé an tír le feadh tamaill.<ref>{{ lua idirlín | url = https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=pJY4AQAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&hl=en&pg=GBS.PA22 | teideal = Google Play | suíomh = Play.google.com | dátarochtana = 2017-03-16 }}</ref> [[Íomhá:MarriageAoifeStrongbow.jpg | mion | deas | ''[[Pósadh Aoife agus Strongbow]]''; léiriú rómánsaithe den phósadh taobh laistigh de [[Port Láirge|Phort Láirge]] scriosta le [[Daniel Maclise]]. Tharla an-chuid d'ionsaí na [[Normannaigh|Normannach]] ar Éirinn laistigh de agus thart timpeall na nOsraí.]] Sa bhliain 1170, fuair mac Murchadha bás, agus d'éirigh Strongbow ina rí de facto na Laighean, agus Osraí san áireamh, dar leis. Rinne Strongbow agus Mac Giolla Phádraig conradh ag [[Bábhún Ó nDuach]], áit a tharrtháil de Prendergast rí na n Osraí ó dhúnmharú fealltach.<ref>Lyng. ''The Fitzpatricks of Ossory'', lch. 260.</ref> Ina dhiaidh sin, rinne Strongbow agus arm Uí Bhriain ionsaí ar Osraí. Sa bhliain 1171, tháinig [[Anraí II Shasana]] i dtír ag Cuan Phort Láirge le slua Sasanach ar cheann dá leithéid is mó ar tháinig go hÉirinn riamh. Ar bhruach [[an tSiúir|na Siúire]], ghéill d'Anraí go leor ríthe agus taoiseach as deisceart na tíre, rí Thuaisceart Osraí, Domhnall Mac Giolla Phádraig, san áireamh.<ref>MCB1172.2</ref> Sa bhliain 1172, bhronn Strongbow tailte i nAchadh Bhó, tuaisceart Osraí, ar an eachtránaí Normannach, Adam de Hereford.<ref>{{ cite book | url = https://books.google.com/?id=5KTPAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA1&lpg=PA1&dq=sir+john+gilbert+facsimiles+of+national+manuscripts#v=onepage&q&f=false | title = National Manuscripts of Ireland: Account of Facsimiles of National | page = 1 | dátarochtana = 2017-03-16 | last1 = Public Record Office | first1 = Ireland | year = 1879 }}</ref> B'éigean d'Anraí filleadh ar ais go Sasana tar éis dúnmharú [[Thomas Becket]] agus [[Éirí Amach 1173–74]], ach lean an comhrac ar aghaidh i nOsraí. Rinne Raymond FitzGerald creach ar Uíbh Fhailí, agus chuaigh sé trí Osraí ansin ar a shlí chun cath cabhlaigh a bhuachan ag Port Láirge. Chloígh ansin slua as Áth Cliath Hervey de Clare i Osraí. Sa bhliain 1175, thug na hOsraí tacaíocht le harm faoi cheannas Raymond FitzGerald chun cathair Luimnigh, a bhí faoi léigear [[Domnall Mór Ua Briain|Dhomhnaill Mhóir Uí Bhriain]], a fhuascailt. Deir [[Gearóid Bhreathnach]] gur cloíodh fir Chill Chainnigh ag Arm Normannach as an Mí. Bhain an eachtránaí mór le rá, [[Robert le Poer]], tailte i nOsraí, ach maraíodh ann é níos deireanaí ag troid in aghaidh mhuintir na háite. Sa bhliain 1185, tháinig [[Eoin Shasana]], tiarna Éireann, ar turas go hÉirinn, chun concas na Normannach a dhaingniú. Tháinig sé i dtír ag Port Láirge gar do theorainn Osraí. Glac sé dílseacht na n-uaisle Gaelacha, agus chuaigh sé trí Osraí chuig Áth Cliath, ag socrú go dtógfaí Réine caisleán sa dúiche. Rí deireanach Osraí láir atá taifead air ba ea [[Maelseachaill Mac Gilla Patráic|Maolsheachlainn Mac Giolla Phádraig]], a fuair bás sa bhliain 1193, sin nó 1194.<ref>LC 1193.13</ref><ref>FM 1194.6</ref> Mhair fós ámh go dtí lár na séú haois déag an ríocht ó thuaidh, ar a glaodh ina dhiaidh sin "[[Osraí Uachtarach]]" === Osraí Uachtarach agus Cill Chainnigh (1192–1541) === Faoin mbliain 1192, bhí an Normannach mór le rá [[William Marshal]] tagtha ar an bhfód i nOsraí. Phós sé [[Isabel de Clare]], iníon Strongbow agus Aoife ní Dhiarmada Mhic Mhurchadha, agus leis sin éilimh ar thailte ann. A bhuíochas do Mharshal, Rinneadh cúlghairm ar chearta ársa Mhic Giolla Phádraig agus fógraíodh forógra díbeartha don chlann go léir as deisceart Osraí.<ref>{{ lua idirlín | url = https://play.google.com/books/reader?printsec=frontcover&output=reader&id=74QNAAAAYAAJ&pg=GBS.PA69 | teideal = Google Play | suíomh = Play.google.com | dátarochtana = 2017-03-16 }}</ref> Chuaigh Mhic Giolla Phádraig ar deoraíocht chun na gceachtar ó thuaidh, Magh Lacha agus Uí Fhoirchealláin (ar a glaodh [[Osraí Uachtarach]] as sin amach), i gcogadh talún le cead bliain go leith anuas.<ref name="gerdooley">{{ lua idirlín | url = http://www.gerdooley.com/history-of-camross-county-laois/the-kingdoms-of-ossory | foilsitheoir = gerdooley.com | teideal = The Kingdoms of Ossory | dátarochtana = 14ú Feabhra 2017 | url-status = dead | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20161017003121/http://www.gerdooley.com/history-of-camross-county-laois/the-kingdoms-of-ossory | archivedate = 17ú Deireadh Fómhair 2016 | df = dmy-all }}</ref> De bharr an chíor thuathail a tharla, bhog an t-easpag Osraí, [[Felix Ó Dúnlainge]], an chathaoir easpaig go buan ó Achadh Bhó go Cill Chainnigh. Críochdheighleadh agus roinneadh an chuid is mó d'Osraí i measc eachtránaithe Normannacha éagsúla.<ref>{{ lua idirlín | url = http://www.geographypublications.com/index.php?module=pagemaster&PAGE_user_op=view_page&PAGE_id=12 | teideal = County Kilkenny - Geography Publications - Specialising in books of Irish history, geography and biography | foilsitheoir = Geography Publications | dáta = 2004-12-18 | dátarochtana = 2017-03-16 | url-status = live | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20160304002315/http://www.geographypublications.com/index.php?module=pagemaster&PAGE_user_op=view_page&PAGE_id=12 | archivedate = 4ú Márta 2016 | df = dmy-all }}</ref> Tháinig is dóigh Sir [[Thomas FitzAnthony]], ar a bronnadh an-chuid tailte i nÓsraí Íochtarach agus áiteanna eile and elsewhere (ainmníodh 'Thomastown' [[Baile Mhic Andáin]], Co. Cill Chainnigh, as). Riarthóir tábhachtach agus and rathúil ba ea é, agus ceapadh ina [[seanascal|sheanascal]] na Laighean ón mbliain 1215 go dtí 1223 ar a laghad.<ref>{{ lua idirlín | last = O'Brien | first = Niall | url = http://celtic2realms-medievalnews.blogspot.ie/2015/02/thomas-fitz-anthony-thirteenth-century.html | teideal = Medieval News: Thomas Fitz Anthony: Thirteenth century Irish administrator | suíomh = Celtic2realms-medievalnews.blogspot.ie | dáta = 2015-02-24 | dátarochtana = 2017-03-16 | url-status = live | archiveurl = http://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/20170317220323/http://celtic2realms-medievalnews.blogspot.ie/2015/02/thomas-fitz-anthony-thirteenth-century.html | archivedate = 17ú Márta 2017 | df=dmy-all }}</ref><ref>{{ lua idirlín | url = https://www.academia.edu/11618666 | teideal = Thomas Fitz Anthony: Thirteenth century Irish administrator - Niall C.E.J. O Brien | suíomh = Academia.edu | dáta = 1970-01-01 | dátarochtana = 2017-03-16 | url-status = live | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20180514235357/http://www.academia.edu/11618666/Thomas_Fitz_Anthony_Thirteenth_century_Irish_administrator | archivedate = 14ú Bealtaine 2018 | df = dmy-all }}</ref> Faoi dheireadh an cheathrú haoise déag, bhí an chuid is mó d'Osraí deisceartach ceannaithe nó faighte le hoidhreacht ag an gclann [[de Buitléir]]. Cheannaigh siad Caisleán Chill Chainnigh agus riail siad ann mar iarlaí [[Urmhumhain]] agus, níos deireanaí, [[iarlaí Osraí]], an iarlacht as a ndearnadh [[Contae Chill Chainnigh]]. Le linn na ré seo, is beag nárbh ionann Cill Chainnigh agus Ath Cliath ó thaobh ionad cumhachta de. Bhíodh cruinnithe ag parlaimint ann chomh luath is 1293 agus go minic arís go dtí an bhliain 1536.<ref name="ancestry">{{ lua idirlín | url = http://www.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~irlkik/timeline.htm | foilsitheoir = rootsweb.ancestry.com | teideal = County Kilkenny Ireland – History Timeline | dátarochtana = 14ú Feabhra 2017 | url-status = live | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20161026215418/http://www.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~irlkik/timeline.htm | archivedate = 26ú Deireadh Fómhair 2016 | df = dmy-all }}</ref> Le linn ionradh [[Edward Bruce]] ar Éirinn, ghabh sé go sealadach [[Gabhrán]], ionad ríoga na nOsraí tráth. Sa bhliain 1367, cuireadh [[Reachtanna Chill Chainnigh]] i bhfeidhm, ag iarraidh pósadh agus trádáil idir na Sasanaigh agus na Gaeil a chosc, ach ba bheag an mhaith é. Tógadh Osraí Uachtarach i dTiarnas na hÉireann le h[[Anraí VIII Shasana]] isteach sa bhliain 1537, nuair a ghéill [[Barnaby Mac Giolla Phádraig]], faoin bpolasaí '[[géilleadh agus athbhronnadh]]'. Mar thoradh íorónta, caomhnaíodh cultúr na nGael sa cheantar le tamall fada fós, óir nár mheas an Choróin Shasana gur bhagairt é an ceantar agus ligeadh dó.<ref>Edwards, David. "Collaboration without Anglicization: The Macgiollapadraig Lordship and Tudor Reform." ''Gaelic Ireland: c. 1250 – c. 1650: Land, Lordship & Settlement.''(2001) ll. 77-97.</ref> Sa bhliain 1541, uaislíodh Mac Giolla Phádraig faoin teideal [[Barún Osraí Uachtarach]]. Bronnadh ar an gclann nua deireanaí na teideal [[Iarla Osraí Uachtarach]] agus [[Barún Bhaile an Chaisleáin]], a fuair an duine deargach acu, [[Bernard FitzPatrick]], bás sa bhliain 1927. I ndeireadh na dála, bhí na hOsraí ar cheann desna rítheaghlaigh is ársa riamh i n-iarthar na hEorpach. == Clanna Osraí == I [[Leabhar na gCeart]], glaoitear '''Síol Bhreasail Bhric''' (''Síl mBresail Bricc'') ar na hOsraí, ainmnithe as sinsear i bhfad amach, [[Bressail Bricc|Breasal Breac]].<ref name="maryjones">{{ lua idirlín | url = http://www.maryjones.us/ctexts/cert.html | foilsitheoir = maryjones.us | teideal = The Book of Rights | dátarochtana = 14ú Feabhra 2017 | url-status = live | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20170604191534/http://www.maryjones.us/ctexts/cert.html | archivedate = 4ú Meitheamh 2017 | df = dmy-all }}</ref> Bhí beirt mhac ag Breasal Breac: Lughaidh, sinsear na [[Laigin|Laigean]]; agus [[Connla mac Bressail Bricc|Connla]], sinsear na nOsraí trí [[Óengus Osrithe]].<ref>{{ lua idirlín | url = http://www.ucc.ie/celt/online/G105003/text002.html | teideal = Part 2 of Genealogies from Rawlinson B 502 | suíomh = ucc.ie | dátarochtana = 2017-03-16 | url-status = live | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20160303233452/http://www.ucc.ie/celt/online/G105003/text002.html | archivedate = 3ú Márta 2016 | df = dmy-all }}</ref><ref>{{ lua idirlín | url = http://www.ucc.ie/celt/online/G100054/text039.html | teideal = Part 39 of The History of Ireland | suíomh = celt.ucc.ie | accessdate = 2017-03-16 | df=dmy-all }}</ref> Glaoitear scaití '''Clann Connla''' ar na hOsraí dá bharr.<ref>{{ lua idirlín | url = http://www.ucc.ie/celt/published/G100017/ | teideal = Fragmentary Annals of Ireland | suíomh = celt.ucc.ie | dátarochtana = 2017-03-16 | df = dmy-all }}</ref> Glacadh sloinnte le himeacht ama agus lineages multiplied, Is iad a leanas na clanna dúchais roimh theacht na Normannach:<ref>{{ lua idirlín | url = http://www.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~irlkik/ihm/ossory.htm | teideal = Ireland's History in Maps - Ancient Ossory, Osraige, Osraighe | suíomh = rootsweb.ancestry.com | dáta = 2003-10-25 | dátarochtana = 2017-03-16 | url-status = live | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20170530223749/http://www.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~irlkik/ihm/ossory.htm | archivedate = 30ú Bealtaine 2017 | df = dmy-all }}</ref> * [[Mhic Giolla Phádraig]], de rítheaghlach [[Dál Birn|Dhál Bhirn]] * [[Uí Dhubhsláine]] as [[An Choill Uachtarach|Coill Uachtarach]] * [[Uí Úracháin]] as [[Uí Fhairchealláin]] * [[Uí Bhruaideadha]] of ''Ráth Tamhnaige'' * [[Uí Chaollaí]] of ''Dairmag Ua nDuach'' ([[Darú, Contae Laoise|Darú]]), a athraigh a shloinne go hUa Faoláin, mar a mhaígh [[William Carrigan|Carrigan]] * [[Uí Fhaoláin]] of [[Clár Maí Locha]] (Uí Caollaí tráth) * [[Uí Bhróithe]] of ''Mag Sédna * [[Uí Chaibhdheanaigh]] as ''Mag Airbh * [[Uí Ghlóiairn]] as [[Callainn]] * [[Uí Dhonnachadha]] as ''Mag Máil * [[Uí Chearbhaill]] as ''Mag Cearbhail * [[Uí Bhraonáin]] as ''Uí Duach * Uí Caollaidhe of ''Uí Bhearcháin * [[Mhic Bhraoin]] as ''Na Clanna * [[Uí Bhruadair]] as [[Uíbh Eirc]] * [[Uí Dheaghaidh]] as [[Uí Dheá]] == Rítheaghlach == {{main|Ríthe na nOsraí}} <!--Teidil * [[Ríthe na nOsraí]] * [[Ríthe Ghabhráin]] * [[Ríthe na Laighean]]<ref>[[Annála Uladh]], AU 1033.4, [[Annála Loch Cé]], 1033.3, [[Annála Tiarnaigh]], AT 1033.5</ref> * Rí [[Áth Cliath]] '''[[Ríocht na hÉireann]]''': * [[Barún Osraí Uachtarach]] * [[Iarla Osraí Uachtarach]] * [[Barún Ghabhráin]] * [[Barún Bhaile an Chaisleáin]] --> Tá a nginealach rianta ag an gclann mheánaoiseach, [[Mhic Giolla Phádraig]], siar go dtí [[Óengus Osrithe|Aonghas Osraithe]]. Tá foinse thábhachtach ar ''Donnchada mac Gilla Patric'' caomhnaithe sa Bodleian Library, sa lámhscríbhinn [[Rawlinson B 502]] (aitheanta fosta mar Leabhar Ghleann Dá Loch).<ref>{{ lua idirlín | url = http://www.ucc.ie/celt/online/G105003.html | teideal = Genealogies from Rawlinson B 502 | suíomh = ucc.ie | dátarochtana = 2017-03-16 | url-status = live | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20160304032905/http://www.ucc.ie/celt/online/G105003.html | archivedate=4ú Márta 2016 | df = dmy-all }}</ref><ref>''[https://web.archive.org/web/20020812202134/http://image.ox.ac.uk/show?collection=bodleian&manuscript=msrawlb502 Bodleian manuscript]''</ref> * [[Óengus Osrithe|Aonghas Osraithe]], leathstairiúil, chéad rí sa ginealach, a bhfuil an ríocht ainmnithe as, a mhair a deirtear sa chéad nó dara haois. * [[Lóegaire Birn Búadach|Laoghaire Burn Buadach]], a bhfuil an rítheaghlach, mar a bhí [[Dál Birn|Dál Bhirn]], ainmnithe as. * [[Cerball mac Dúnlainge|Cearbhall mac Dúnlainge]] (Rí Osraí ó 846 go 888;<ref>[[Annála Easpacha na hÉireann]], [[Annála Uladh]], [[Annála na gCeithre Máistrí]]</ref> Rí [[Áth Cliath]] ó 872 go 887;<ref name="Landnámabók">Landnámabók</ref><ref>Cogadh Gaedhel Re Gallaibh (aistr. le Todd), lch. 297</ref> Iarla [[Inse Orc]] roimh 888<ref name="Landnámabók"/>). Sinsear díreach [[Mhic Giolla Phádraig]] ba ea Cearbhall. Feictear é go suntasach sna hannála agus foinsí stairiúla eile mar rí Críostaí a chloíonn a naimhde, go háirithe na [[Lochlannaigh]] [[págántacht|págánacha]]. Ina ainneoin sin, bhí gaol ar leith aige leis na Lochlannaigh ([[Gall-Ghaeil]]), agus feictear é féin ainm "''Kjarvalr Írakonungr''" i roinnt ginealach Íoslainne trína iníonacha. San [[Landnámabók]], tá Cearbhall san áireamh i measc cheannairí is suntasaí na [[Eoraip|hEorpach]] le linn ré na Lochlannach<!-- le bogadh:, [[Pápa]]í [[Adrian II]] agus [[Pápa Seán VIII|John VIII]]; [[Byzantine]] Emperors [[Leo VI the Wise]] and his son [[Byzantine Emperor|Alexander]]; [[Harald Fairhair]], king of [[an Iorua]]; [[Eric Anundsson]] and his son [[Björn Eriksson]] rulers of Sweden; [[Gorm the Old]], king of Denmark; and [[Alfred the Great]], king of [[Sasana]]-->.<ref name="snerpa">{{ lua idirlín | url = http://www.snerpa.is/net/snorri/landnama.htm | foilsitheoir = snerpa.is | teideal = Landnámabók (Sturlubók) | dátarochtana = 14ú Feabhra 2017 | url-status = live| archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20161210191901/http://www.snerpa.is/net/snorri/landnama.htm|archivedate=10ú Nollaig 2016 | df = dmy-all }}</ref> Bhí Cearbhall chomh cumhachtach sin go ndearna sé creach ar thailte a dheartháir chéile, an tArdrí, ach dá bharr sin, scaradh na hOsraí amach ó chúige Mumhan. Tá taifid ann go raibh sé ina rí Áth Cliath (ó 872 go 888) agus Inse Orc i bhfad i gcéin. * [[Land ingen Dúngaile|Lann]] ní [[Dúngal mac Cellaig|Dúnghaile]]. Pearsa shuntasach ba ea banfhlaith Lann agus na hOsraí ag teacht go chun cinn faoi cheannas a dearthár, Cearbhall, ina raibh sí páirteach ann. Bhí sí pósta le an Ardrí mór le rá, [[Máel Sechnaill mac Máele Ruanaid|Maoil Seachnaill mac Maoil Rúnaí]] (réimeas 846-862). [[Flann Sionna]] ba ea a mac, Ardrí 879-916, agus [[Donnchad Donn|Donnchadh Donn mac Flainn]] a garmhac. * [[Gilla Pátraic mac Donnchada]] (rí Osraí 976 - 996), foinse an ainm athratha ''Mac Giolla Phádraig''. Bhí sé pósta le [[Máel Muire ingen Arailt|Maol Muire ní Arailt]], is dócha bean [[Uí Ímair]]. Deargnamhaid [[Brian Bóramha|Bhriain Bóramha]] ba ea é, a ghabh i ngéibhinn é sa bhliain 983 agus a scaoil saor é an bhliain dár gcionn.<ref>AI 983.4, 984.2</ref> Níos deireanaí ina shaol, scrios sé [[ríocht na Mí]]. Maraíodh é i mbun catha in aghaidh [[Donnduban mac Imair|Dhonnabháin mhic Íomhair]], rí Luimnigh, agus [[Domnall mac Fáelán|Dhomhnaill mhic Fhaoláin]], rí na nDéise. * [[Donnchad mac Gilla Pátraic|Donnchadh mac Giolla Pádraig]] (rí Osraí 1003-1039; rí Laigean 1033-1039). Mharaigh sé duine ar dhuine: a chol ceathrar, rí Ceallach (1003); [[Donn Cuan mac Dúnlainge]], rí Laigean (1016); Tadhg Ó Riain, rí Uí Drona;<ref>AU 1016.6</ref><ref>[[Annála Loch Cé]], ALC 1016.4</ref><ref>[[Chronicon Scotorum]], CS 1014</ref><ref>ACM 1015</ref> Sitriuc mac Ímair, king of [[Port Láirge]] (1022).<ref>AT 1022.2</ref><ref>CS 1020</ref><ref>AFM 1022</ref> Chaith sé Cáisc na bliana 1026 ar chuairt le [[comharba]] Phádraig agus Donnchadha Uí Bhriain.<ref>AI 1026.3</ref> Dhall sé a ghaol 1027, ''Tadc mac Gilla Pátraic'' sa bhliain 1027.<ref>AU 1027.2</ref><ref>ALC 1027.2</ref><ref>AT 1027.2</ref><ref>ACM 1027</ref><ref>ACMN 1027</ref> Rinneadh rí Laigean de sa bhliain 1033, agus d'eagraigh [[Aonach Carman]] chun a ríogacht a cheiliúradh celebrate his over-kingship.<ref>AU 1033.4</ref><ref>ALC 1033.3</ref><ref>ACM 1033</ref> Chuaigh sé i gceannas air chomh fada is [[Cnóbha]] agus [[Droichead Átha]] sa bhliain 1039.<ref>AT 1039.6</ref><ref>ACM 1039</ref> Fuair sé bás ann bhliain chéanna.<ref>AU 1039.2</ref><ref>ALC 1039.2</ref><ref>AT 1039.7</ref><ref>AI 1039.7; ní glaoitear ar ach rí Osraí</ref><ref>after a long illness, AFM 1039; ''iar m-beith i n-galar fhotta'', tar éis bheith bí ngalar fada</ref><ref>ACMN 1039</ref> Is léir gur sheanathair Dhonnchadha é [[Gofraid mac Arailt]] [[Uí Íomhair]], [[Ríocht na nOileán|Rí na nOileán]], trína iníon Maol Muire. Mar fíor, de shliocht Uí Íomhair iad Mhic Giolla Phádraig.<!-- King Cerball was an ally of their (probable) founder [[Ivar the Boneless]], the Viking king of [[Port Láirge]]. It is also possible that Donnchad's father, Gilla Pátraic mac Donnchada, was somehow a relation of Ívar the Boneless, who had a son named Gilla Pátraic.--> * [[Derbforgaill ingen Tadhg Mac Giolla Pádraig|Dearbhail ní Thaidhg Mhic Giolla Phádraig]] (bás 1098), pósta le [[Toirdelbach Ua Briain|Toirdhealbhach Ó Briain]], rí na Mumhan agus Ardrí de facto na hÉireann. Bhí beirt mhac aici leis: Tadhg agus [[Muirchertach Ua Briain|Muircheartach Ó Briain]], a ndearadh Ardrí de in am trátha. Fuair sí bás sa bhliain 1098 i nGleann Dá Loch.<ref>AT 1098.1</ref> == Naoimh le naisc Osraí == Bunaíodh na mainistreacha ag [[Saighir]], [[Achadh Bhó]] agus Cill Chainnigh ag naoimh Chríostaí. D'fhorbraíodh foghlaim, litríocht agus cultúr na ríochta faoi thionchar na gceannairí creidimh úd, agus iad faoi phátrúnacht na ríthe.<ref name="kilkennyarts1">{{ lua idirlín | url = http://www.kilkennyarts.ie/events/details/a-story-in-stone-irish-medieval-stonecarvers-their-patrons/ | teideal = Archived copy | dátarochtana = 2014-08-21 | url-status = dead | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20140826133753/http://www.kilkennyarts.ie/events/details/a-story-in-stone-irish-medieval-stonecarvers-their-patrons/ | archivedate = 26ú Lúnasa 2014 | df=dmy-all }}</ref> Insítear ina bheatha g ndeachaigh [[Naomh Pádraig]] tacar na nOsraí en route chuig an [[Mumhain]], ag soiscéalú, ag tiontú, ag bunú eaglaisí, agus d'fhág sé ina dhiaidh deisceabal darbh ainm Mairtín.<ref>{{ lua idirlín | url = http://www.ucc.ie/celt/published/G201009/ | teideal = Betha Phatraic | suíomh = celt.ucc.ie | dátarochtana = 2017-03-16 | }}</ref><ref>{{ cite book | url = https://books.google.com/?id=3g7OAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA391&lpg=PA391&dq=church+of+st.+martin+in+ossory#v=onepage&q=church%20of%20st.%20martin%20in%20ossory&f=false | title = Loca Patriciana: An Identification of Localities, Chiefly in Leinster | author = John Francis Shearman | page = 391 | accessdate = 2017-03-16 | year = 1882 }}</ref> Tá roinnt mhaith naomh agus naisc acu leis na hOsraí, ag ábhair agus laistigh d'Éirinn, agus thar lear sa [[an Bhreatain|Bhreatain]] agus san [[Eoraip]]: * Naomh [[Ciarán Shaighre]] "Seanóir", ball de rítheaghlach Dhál Bhirn. Deirtear go raibh soiscéalaíocht á dhéanamh aige sa ríocht roimh theacht Naomh Pádraig.<ref>{{ lua idirlín | url = https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Ciaran_(fl._500-560)_(DNB00) | teideal = Archived copy | dátarochtana = 2014-04-02 | url-status = live | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20140407074544/https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Ciaran_(fl._500-560)_(DNB00) | archivedate = 7ú Aibreán 2014 | df = dmy-all }}</ref> Bhunaigh sé a eaglais i Saighir, cathaoir easpaig na ríochta in am trátha agus áit adhlactha a ríthe. Tháinig Naomh [[Carthage Seanóir]] i gcomharbacht air. Tá lá fhéile Ciaráin ar sn 5ú Márta, i dteannta le Carthage agus [[Naomh Piran]]. Tá [[Coláiste Chiaráin]] (an meánscoil Chaitliceach Rómhánach is sine in Éirinn) ainmnithe as.<ref>{{ lua idirlín | url = http://www.stkieranscollege.ie/school/about/history/ | teideal = Archived copy | dátarochtana = 2014-08-21 | url-status = dead | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20150307101228/http://www.stkieranscollege.ie/school/about/history/ | archivedate=7 March 2015 | df=dmy-all }}</ref> I g[[Corn na Breataine]], creidtear gurb ionann Ciarán agus Piran, naomhphátrún mhianadóirí stáin agus an Choirn féin.<ref name="cornwall">{{ lua idirlín | url = http://www.cornwall.gov.uk/default.aspx?page=22943 | foilsitheoir = cornwall.gov.uk| teideal = Cornwall Council | dátarochtana = 14ú Feabhra 2017 | url-status = live | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20140307094451/http://www.cornwall.gov.uk/default.aspx?page=22943 | archivedate = 7ú Márta 2014| df = dmy-all }}</ref><ref>{{ lua idirlín | url = http://www.stpiran.org/st-piran.html | teideal = Archived copy | dátarochtana = 2014-03-07 | url-status = dead | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20140307094303/http://www.stpiran.org/st-piran.html | archivedate = 7ú Márta 2014 | df=dmy-all }}</ref> Tá dealbh de Chiarán ar barr Theach Caibidle Naomh Mhuire i gCill Chainnigh.<ref name="vanderkrogt">{{ lua idirlín | url = http://www.vanderkrogt.net/statues/object.php?webpage=ST&record=ie118 | foilsitheoir = vanderkrogt.net | teideal = Kilkenny – Cill Chainnigh – Saints Patrick and Kieran | accessdate = 14ú Feabhra 2017 | url-status = live | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20161017002738/http://www.vanderkrogt.net/statues/object.php?webpage=ST&record=ie118 | archivedate = 17ú Deireadh Fómhair 2016 | df = dmy-all }}</ref> [[Íomhá:Window depicting St. Kieran, Seir Kieran Church, Bell Hill.jpg|mion|200px|[[Fuinneog dhaite]] le Naomh [[Ciarán Saighre]]]] * Naomh [[Carthage Seanóir]], mac nó garmhac [[Óengus mac Nad Froích|Aonghasa mhic Nadh Fhraoigh]] agus comharba Chiaráin ag Saighir. Ceiliúrtar a lá féile i dteannta le Ciarán ar an 5ú Márta. * Naomh [[Cainneach Achadh Bhó]], a bhunaigh dhá mhainistir i nOsraí sa 6ú haois, ag Achadh Bhó agus Cill Chainnigh. Tá a lá féile ar an 11ú Deireadh Fómhair. [[Íomhá:St. Cainneach Bust.jpg|mion|200px|Dealbh bhrád poiblí de [[Cainneach Achadha Bhó|naomh Cainneach]] i gcathair [[Cill Chainnigh|Chill Chainnigh]], a bhunaigh eaglais ann sa 6ú haois]] * Naomh ''[[Modomnoc]]'' Osraí, chuaigh ar turas go dtí [[an Bhreatain Bheag]] mar deisceabal of [[Naomh Daithí]], agus deirtear gur thóg sé leis na chéad choirceoga ceansaithe de [[beach mheala|bheacha mheala]].<ref>{{ lua idirlín | url = http://www.yorku.ca/inpar/topography_ireland.pdf | teideal = Topography of Ireland | suíomh = yorku.ca | dátarochtana = 2017-03-16 | url-status = live | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20160617041654/http://www.yorku.ca/inpar/topography_ireland.pdf | archivedate = 17ú Meitheamh 2016 | df = dmy-all }}</ref> His feast is 13 February.<ref name="pravoslavie">{{ lua idirlín | url = http://www.pravoslavie.ru/english/77526.htm | foilsitheoir = pravoslavie.ru | teideal = Dmitry Lapa. Holy Father Modomnoc of Ossory, Patron Saint of Bees. Commemorated: February 13/26 / OrthoChristian.Com | dátarochtana = 14ú Feabhra 2017 | url-status = live | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20170227150628/http://www.pravoslavie.ru/english/77526.htm | archivedate = 27ú Feabhra 2017 | df = dmy-all }}</ref> {{cquote|'' h-I curchán Mo Domnóc,<br> anair tar muir n-glédenn,<br> do-bert, brígach núalann,<br> síl m-búadach m-bech n-Erenn.<br>'''~ Félire Óengusso'''<ref name="archive">{{ lua idirlín | url = https://archive.org/stream/martyrologyoeng01stokgoog#page/n118/mode/2up | teideal = The Martyrology of Oengus the Culdee: Félire Óengusso Céli dé | accessdate = 14ú Feabhra 2017 }}</ref> }} * Naomh [[Scuithin]], bhí nasc aige leis an mBreatain Beag agus Baint Daithí. Aiséiteach a bhí sé i n-oirthear Osraí, in what is now [[Caisleán an Bhairínigh]] agus [[Baile an Fhréinigh]]. * Naomh [[Nem Moccu Birn]], chomharba naoimh [[Éanna Árann]], ball de Dhál Bhirn, gaol le Naomh Ciarán Saighre.<ref name="ucc.ie">{{ lua idirlín | url = http://www.ucc.ie/celt/published/G200001/index.html | teideal = The Martyrology of Oengus the Culdee | suíomh = celt.ucc.ie | dátarochtana = 2017-03-16 | url-status = live | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20161021202718/http://www.ucc.ie/celt/published/G200001/index.html | archivedate = 21d Deireadh Fómhair 2016 | df = dmy-all }}</ref> Tá a lá féile ar an 14ú Meitheamh. * Naomh ''[[Broccán Clóen|Brógán Chluana]]'' [[Ros Toirc]], údar an dán cáiliúil ag moladh [[Brigit|Bhríd]] Chill Dara (le fáil in ''[[Liber Hymnorum]]''<ref name="youtube">{{ lua idirlín | url = https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=czc-IHNHrCQ | foilsitheoir = youtube.com | teideal = The Hymn to Saint Brigid of Brogan-Cloen from the Liber Hymnorum (Broccan's Hymn) – YouTube| dátarochtana = 14ú Feabhra 2017 | url-status = live | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20160310152606/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=czc-IHNHrCQ | archivedate = 10ú Márta 2016 | df = dmy-all }}</ref> agus luaite i bh[[Félire Óengusso]] faoi 17ú Meán Fómhair.<ref name="google3">{{ cite book | title=Feĺire Ońgusso Ceĺi De.́: The Martyrology of Oengus, the Culdee| author=Stokes, W. | date=1905 | publisher=Harrison and sons, printers | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ub4UAAAAQAAJ | accessdate=14ú Feabhra 2017 }}</ref> * [[Molua]], a bhunaigh mainistreacha ag [[Cill Dalua]] agus Cluain Fearta-Molua<ref name="earlychristianireland">{{ lua idirlín | url = http://www.earlychristianireland.net/Counties/laois/kyle/ | foilsitheoir = earlychristianireland.net | teideal = Kyle (clonfert-mulloe), County Laois | dátarochtana = 14ú Feabhra 2017 | url-status = live | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20161017002627/http://www.earlychristianireland.net/Counties/laois/kyle/ | archivedate = 17ú Deireadh Fómhair 2016 | df = dmy-all }}</ref><ref name="megalithicireland">{{ lua idirlín | url = http://www.megalithicireland.com/Clonfertmulloe.html| foilsitheoir = megalithicireland.com | teideal = Clonfertmulloe | dátarochtana = 14ú Feabhra 2017 | url-status = live | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20161024084449/http://www.megalithicireland.com/Clonfertmulloe.html | archivedate = 24ú Deireadh Fómhair 2016 | df = dmy-all }}</ref> i dtuaisceart Osraí.<ref name="crsbi">{{ lua idirlín | url = http://www.crsbi.ac.uk/site/2336/|foilsitheoir = crsbi.ac.uk | teideal = Kyle (Clonfert Mulloe) · The Corpus of Romanesque Sculpture in Britain &amp; Ireland | dátarochtana = 14ú Feabhra 2017 | url-status = live | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20161017002522/http://www.crsbi.ac.uk/site/2336/ | archivedate = 17ú Deireadh Fómhair 2016 | df = dmy-all }}</ref> De réir [[Féilire Dhún na nGall]], fuair Molua mac Cárthaigh a oiliúint faoi Naomh [[Comgall|Cóghall]] as mainistir [[Beannchar, Contae an Dúin|Beannchar]]. Cárthach mac ''Dagri'' ba ea a athair, agus Soichle Dhál Bhirn a mháthair.<ref name="archive2">{{ lua idirlín | url = https://archive.org/stream/historyandantiq05carrgoog#page/n16/mode/2up | teideal = The history and antiquities of the diocese of Ossory | dátarochtana = 14ú Feabhra 2017 }}</ref><ref name="anglican">{{ lua idirlín | url = http://stormont.down.anglican.org/molua.htm | foilsitheoir = stormont.down.anglican.org | teideal = St Molua's Online | dátarochtana = 14ú Feabhra 2017 | url-status = live| archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20160305083315/http://www.stormont.down.anglican.org/molua.htm | archivedate = 5ú Márta 2016 | df = dmy-all }}</ref> Molann [[William Carrigan]] gur rugadh é timpeall na bliana 540, agus tuairiscítear a thásc i n[[Annála na gCeithre Máistrí]] don bhliain 605. Tá a lá féile ar an 4ú Lúnasa. * [[Naomh Gobhán]], bhunaigh sé andaine de mhainistir Sheanleithghlinne, agus ansin chuaigh sé agus bhuíon mhanach go dtí [[Cill Lamraí]]. Pléitear fós ar bhunaigh sé Cill Lamraí nó ar fheabhsaigh é ach amháin, ach bhain sé clú agus cáil amach le linn a cheannaireachta. Deir Féilire Aonghasa faoi: {{cquote|''of Gobban of Cell Lamraide in Hui Cathrenn in the west of Ossory, a thousand monks it had...''"<ref name="ucc.ie"/>}} * Naomh Finneach [[Cill Fhinnche|Chill Fhinnche]], deirtear i bhFéilire Aonghasa gur 'mhairtíreach' é, ach is dóigh go luann sin ach a dheoraíocht. Tá a lá féile ar an 2a Feabhra.<ref name="storify">{{ lua idirlín | url = https://storify.com/PeritiaEditors/tweeting-saints-in-medieval-irish-martyrologies-fe | foilsitheoir = storify.com | teideal = Tweeting Saints in Medieval Irish Martyrologies - February (with images) · PeritiaEditors · Storify | dátarochtana = 14ú Feabhra 2017 | url-status = live | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20161017015510/https://storify.com/PeritiaEditors/tweeting-saints-in-medieval-irish-martyrologies-fe | archivedate = 17ú Deireadh Fómhair 2016 | df = dmy-all }}</ref> * [[Naomh Muicin]], easpag agus athair faoistine. De réir a ginealaigh sa [[Leabhar Laighneach]], oidhre de Dhál Bhirn é: ''Muccin, son of Mocha, son of Barind, son of Findchadli, son of Dega, son of Droida, son of Buan, son of Loegaire birn buadhach, son of Aengus Osrithe. Decnait, daughter of Gabrin, [agus] sister of Fintan of Cluain-Eidhnech, was Muccin's mother''. [[Fiontán Chluain Eidhneach|Naomh Fiontán]], bhunaitheoir Chluain Eidhneach, ba ea a uncail. Is naomhphátrún é de Mhaighean, Cill Dara Maí, Cill Doire agus [[Baile na gCaorach]]. Feictear é i bh[[Féilire Thamhlachta]]. Fuair sé bás sa bhliain 630, agus tá a lá féile ar an 4ú Márta. * [[Vergilius Salzburg|Naomh Fearghal]], abb Achadh Bhó san 8ú haois, chuaigh sé go dtí [[an Fhrancóin]] áit a chuir [[Pippin Óg]] fáilte roimhe. Chuaigh sé ansin go dtí Salzburg, ar chuireadh [[Odilo, Diúc na Baváire]], agus rinneadh easpag de i ndeireadh na dála, agus tá sé aitheanta dá bharr as sin amach mar Vergilius Salzburg. Tá a lá féile ar an 27ú Samhain. [[Íomhá:Saint Virgilius, Salzburg.jpg|mion|200px|[[Vergilius Salzburg|Naomh Fearghal]], as Osraí ó dhúchas, a d'éirigh ina easpag [[Salzburg]], [[an Ostair]].]] * [[Óengus Tamlachta|Aonghas Thamhlachta]], tiomsaitheoir an chéad fhéilire de naoimh Éireannacha, [[Félire Óengusso|Féilire Aonghasa]]. Rugadh agus tugadh é i nOsraí thuaidh ag [[Clúain Éidhneach]], agus thosaigh sé a ghairm mhanaigh ann, mar a deirtear ina fhéilire.<ref name="ucc">{{ lua idirlín | url = http://www.ucc.ie/celt/published/G200001/index.html | foilsitheoir = celt.ucc.ie | teideal = The Martyrology of Oengus the Culdee | dátarochtana = 14ú Feabhra 2017 | url-status = live | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20161021202718/http://www.ucc.ie/celt/published/G200001/index.html | archivedate = 21d Deireadh Fómhair 2016 | df = dmy-all }}</ref> Tá a lá féile ar an 11ú Márta. * Deirtear gur ghoid crosáidirí taisí [[San Nioclás]] ó [[Bari|Bhari]], agus gur adhlacadh iad i nOsraí gar do [[Baile Mhic Andáin|Bhaile Mhic Andáin]]. Tá leac ar an uaigh. Tharlódh seo go díreach tar éis titim Osraí Theas mar ríocht, cé gur mhair fós tríú cuid di sa tuaisceart. [[Íomhá:St Nicholas' Tomb.jpg|mion|200px|Leac uaighe [[San Nioclás]], mar a mheastar]] * De réir sean-nóis, chuaigh [[Naomh Pádraig]] trí Osraí,<ref name="google4">{{ cite book | title=The Life and Writings of St. Patrick: With Appendices, Etc | author=Healy, J. | date=1905 | publisher=M. H. Gill & son, Limited | url=https://archive.org/details/lifeandwritings01patrgoog | page=[https://archive.org/details/lifeandwritings01patrgoog/page/n432 408] | accessdate=14ú Feabhra 2017 }}</ref> agus deir an 'Beatha' lá Naomh Ciarán gur oirnigh Pádraig fear Osraí darbh ainm Máirtín.<ref name="ucc2">{{ lua idirlín | url = http://www.ucc.ie/celt/published/G201000F/index.html | foilsitheoir = celt.ucc.ie | teideal = Bethada Náem nÉrenn | dátarochtana = 14ú Feabhra 2017 | url-status = live | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20170521003358/https://www.ucc.ie/celt/published/T201000F/index.html|archivedate=21 May 2017 | df=dmy-all }}</ref> <!--A freestanding statue of him erected in honor of the bishop of Ossory stands in Kilkenny, in addition to other local commemorations.<ref name="vanderkrogt"/--> Thóg rítheaghlach na núdarás a sloinne, [[Mhic Giolla Phádraig]] in ómós an naoimh, as a sinsear den 10ú haois, [[Gilla Pátraic mac Donnchada|Giolla Phádraig]]. Is amhlaidh nach bhfuil ach sampla nó dhó eile de theaghlaigh agus sloinne naofa acu, mar atá Uí Mhaoil Seachlainn, [[ríthe na Mí]]. == Suíomhanna stairiúla == Caomhnaítear i gContaetha Laoise agus Cill Chainnigh go léir suíomhanna ársa agus mheánaoiseacha nasctha le ríocht na nOsraí.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20151208051944/http://archive.irishartsreview.com/irisartsrevi2002/pdf/2008/20493323.pdf.bannered.pdf Irish Arts Review] (PDF)</ref> Forbraíodh sean-nós dea-fhianaithe tsnoíodóireacht cloiche, go háirithe d'[[Ardchros|ardchrois Éireannacha]], faoi phátrúnacht Dhál Bhirn / Mhic Giolla Phádraig.<ref name = "kilkennyarts1"/><ref>Lyng, T., The FitzPatricks of Ossory, Old Kilkenny Review, Iml. 2, ui. 3, 1981, lch. 261.</ref> Go deimhin, faightear beagnach gach luath-ardchros laistigh de ríocht atá na nOsraí nó ar a teorannacha.<ref>{{ lua idirlín | ainm = Nancy | sloinne = Edwards | dáta = 1982 | teideal = A reassessment of the early medieval stone crosses and related stone sculpture of Offaly, Kilkenyn and Tipperary | url = http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/7418/1/7418_4483-vol1.PDF | suíomh = etheses.dur.ac.uk | dátarochtana = 2017-03-16 | url-status = live | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20151208164620/http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/7418/1/7418_4483-vol1.PDF | archivedate = 8ú Nollaig 2015 | df = dmy-all }}</ref> Tá dea-shamplaí le feiceáil ag [[Cionn Eitigh]], [[Áth Éine]] agus [[Cill Lamraí]], i measc eile. Deirtear gur bhunaigh [[Naomh Ciarán]] an mainistir mór le rá i [[Saighir]], sa [[An Cláirín|Chláirín]] an lae inniu.<ref name = "bravehost">{{ lua idirlín | url = http://irishantiquities.bravehost.com/offaly/clareen/seirkieran.html | foilsitheoir = irishantiquities.bravehost.com | teideal = Seirkieran | dátarochtana = 14ú Feabhra 2017 | url-status = live | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20160303231103/http://irishantiquities.bravehost.com/offaly/clareen/seirkieran.html | archivedate = 3ú Márta 2016 | df = dmy-all }}</ref> An chéad cathaoir easpaig sa ríocht a bhí ann, agus adhlacadh ríthe na nOsraí ann. Faightear ann inniu fothrach mainistreach, oibreacha créafóige, [[tobar beannaithe]], bun [[cloigtheach|cloigthí]] Éireannaí, móta cosanta meánaoiseach agus go leor leac croise agus uaighe luathChríostaí.<ref name = "roundtowers">{{ lua idirlín | url = http://www.roundtowers.org/seir_kieran/ | ainm = Frank | sloinne = Schorr | foilsitheoir = roundtowers.org | teideal = Seir Kieran Irish Round Tower | dátarochtana = 14ú Feabhra 2017 | url-status = live | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20160407004216/http://roundtowers.org/seir_kieran/ | archivedate = 7ú Aibreán 2016 | df = dmy-all }}</ref><ref>National Monuments Service</ref><ref name = "bravehost"/><ref>''Early Christian Sites In Ireland Database''</ref> [[Íomhá:Seir Kieran Fortification and St. Ciaran's Church 2010 09 09.jpg |mion |Radharc ar [[Saighir|Shaighir]]]] Bhunaigh [[Naomh Cainneach]] Achadh Bhó dhá eaglais thábhachtacha sa ríocht, ag [[Achadh Bhó]] agus [[Cill Chainnigh]], a bhí dís faoi seach ina príomhchathair. Tá mar chuid d'[[Ardeaglais Naomh Cainneach]] cloigtheach dea-chaomhnaithe den naoú haois, a féidir é a dreapadh go dtí a bharr.<ref name = "stcanicescathedral2">{{ lua idirlín | url = http://www.stcanicescathedral.com/visitors-information-page49833.html | foilsitheoir = stcanicescathedral.com | teideal = Cathedral Church of St Canices and Round Tower- Visitor Attraction in Kilkenny | dátarochtana = 14ú Feabhra 2017 | url-status = live | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20140322045214/http://www.stcanicescathedral.com/visitors-information-page49833.html | archivedate = 22ú Márta 2014 | df = dmy-all }}</ref> [[Íomhá:Cattedrale di san canizio kilkenny trono di san kieran.jpg | mion |200px |"Cathaoir Naomh Chiarán'', cloiche, ársa i n[[Ardeaglais Naomh Cainneach]]. Meastar gur chuid den bhunchathaoir easpaig a bhíodh tráth i Saighir (c. 400) agus ansin Achadh Bhó (c. 950) í cloch na cathaoireach úd.<ref name = "stcanicescathedral">{{lua idirlín | url = http://www.stcanicescathedral.com/visitors-information-page50547.html | foilsitheoir = stcanicescathedral.com | teideal = Cathedral Church of St Canices and Round Tower- Visitor Attraction in Kilkenny | dátarochtana = 14ú Feabhra 2017 | url-status = live | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20131208101103/http://stcanicescathedral.com/visitors-information-page50547.html | archivedate = 8ú Nollaig 2013 | df = dmy-all}}</ref>]] Tá sé míolta ag roinnt scoláirí go raibh dún réamhNormannach ann ar shuíomh [[Caisleán Chill Chainnigh|Chaisleán Chill Chainnigh]], is dóigh seanphríomh chathair na ríochta. Bunaíodh [[Mainistir Sheireapúin]], gar do [[Baile Mhic Andáin|Bhaile Mhic Andáin]] an lae inniu, sa bhliain 1160 ag [[Domnall Mac Goilla Phádraig|Domhnall Mac Goilla Phádraig]].<ref name = "Brenda Lynch 2004, ll. 125-138">Brenda Lynch. Jerpoint Abbey: an historical perspective." ''Old Kilkenny Review'', Ui. 58 (2004), ll. 125-138.</ref> Níltear ar aon intinn ar Beinidicteach nó Cistéirseach í an mhainistir ar feadh a céad fiche bliain, ach faoin mbliain 1180, tháinig manaigh Cistéirseacha as [[Bealach Conglais]] ar chuireadh Dhomhnaill, agus d'fhan sí amhlaidh as sin amach.<ref name = "Brenda Lynch 2004, ll. 125-138"/><ref>{{ lua idirlín | url = http://cistercians.shef.ac.uk/abbeys/jerpoint.php | teideal = Archived copy | dátarochtana = 2015-10-06 | url-status = dead | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20151006122117/http://cistercians.shef.ac.uk/abbeys/jerpoint.php | archivedate = 6ú Deireadh Fómhair 2015 | df = dmy-all }}</ref> [[Íomhá:Jerpoint Abbey Cloister 2008.jpg |mion |[[Mainistir Sheireapúin]], bunaithe sa bhliain 1160 ag [[Domnall Mac Goilla Phádraig]].]] Feictear cloigtheach 30-méadar, dea-caomhnaithe, gan ceann ag [[Gráinseach na Fearta]]. Sa bhliain 1999, aimsíodh i scoilt chreagach, go domhan i n[[Dearc Fhearna]], taisce 43 earra airgid agus cré-umha, a théann siar go dtí 970, le hairgead teilgthe agus cnaipí cónúla as mín-airgead fite.<ref>{{ lua idirlín | sloinne = Buckley | ainm = Laureen | teideal = Dunmore Cave – A Viking Massacre Site | url = http://www.xs4all.nl/~tbreen/PAISN/3-DUNMORE.html | dátarochtana = 9ú Deireadh Fómhair 2010 | url-status = live | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20110111015147/http://www.xs4all.nl/~tbreen/PAISN/3-DUNMORE.html | archivedate = 11ú Eanáir 2011 | df = dmy-all }}</ref> Tuairiscítear gur tharla ár [[Lochlannaigh]] sa phluais úd sa bhliain 928.<ref>ACM 928.9</ref> Sa bhliain 1984, cuireadh sraith phainéal cliché comórtha, dealbhaithe ag [[Smith sculptors|Joan Smith]], mar facade ar bhallaí taca [[Droichead Osraí]], cuid den chuarbhóthar thar [[an Fheoir|an bhFeoir]], ag nascadh leis an N10 idir [[Ceatharlach]] agus [[Port Láirge]].<ref name = "smithsculptors">{{ lua idirlín | url = http://www.smithsculptors.com/Ossary_Bridge_Main_Page.html | foilsitheoir = smithsculptors.com | teideal = Ossary Bridge – main page | dátarochtana = 14ú Feabhra 2017 | url-status = live | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20170215125317/http://www.smithsculptors.com/Ossary_Bridge_Main_Page.html | archivedate = 15ú Feabhra 2017 | df = dmy-all }}</ref> Léirítear ann stair an cheantair ó ré Aonghasa Osraithe go dtí déanach na 12ú haois.<ref>{{lua idirlín | url = http://www.heritageinschools.ie/fileadmin/user_upload/investigations/Kilkenny_History/fifthsixth/documents/The%20Nore%20and%20its%20Bridges.pdf | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140819084611/http://www.heritageinschools.ie/fileadmin/user_upload/investigations/Kilkenny_History/fifthsixth/documents/The%20Nore%20and%20its%20Bridges.pdf | url-status = dead | archive-date = 2014-08-19 | teideal = The Nore and its Bridges | suíomh = heritageinschools.ie | dátarochtana = 2017-03-16 | archivedate = 2014-08-19 | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20140819084611/http://www.heritageinschools.ie/fileadmin/user_upload/investigations/Kilkenny_History/fifthsixth/documents/The%20Nore%20and%20its%20Bridges.pdf }}</ref> <gallery> Íomhá:St. Canices Cathedral (8239526312).jpg|[[Ardeaglais Naomh Cainneach]], agus [[cloigtheach]] den naoú haois. Ní théann ach an túr siar roimh theacht na Normannach Íomhá:Fertagh Round Tower March 2008.jpg|Cloigtheach den naoú haois ag Gráinseach Fhearta Íomhá:Aghaboe Priory of St. Canice Choir Altar and East Window 2010 09 02.jpg|Fuinneog i [[Achadh Bhó, baile fearainn|Mainistir Achadh Bhó]] Íomhá:Round tower and ruined church, Tullaherin, Co. KIlkenny - geograph.org.uk - 207642.jpg|Cloigtheach [[An Tulaigh Thirim|na Tulaí Tirime]] Íomhá:Aghaviller ruined church and round tower, Newmarket, Co. Kilkenny - geograph.org.uk - 206920.jpg|Cloigtheach [[Áth an Bhiolair]] Íomhá:Seir Kieran Round Tower and Priory Wall 2010 09 09.jpg|Cloigtheach agus balla prióireachta Saighre Íomhá:Kilree High Cross & Round Tower.jpg|Ardchros agus cloigtheach [[Cill Rí]] Íomhá:Ahenny High Crosses, North Cross.jpg|Ardchros Áth Éine, thuaidh Íomhá:Ahenny High Cross - geograph.org.uk - 475968.jpg|Ardchros Áth Éine Íomhá:Killamery High Cross.jpg|Ardchros [[Cill Lamraí]] Íomhá:Ullard High Cross East Face 1997 08 28.jpg|Ardchros [[Iolaird]] Íomhá:Detail Kilkieran High Crosses, Kilkenny.jpg|Ardchrois [[Cill Chiaráin|Chill Chiaráin]] File:Graiguenamanach High Crosses East Side 1997 08 27.jpg|Ardchros [[Gráig na Manach|Ghráig na Manach]], thoir File:Jerpoint Abbey1.jpg|[[Mainistir Sheireapúin]], bunaithe sa bhliain 1160 ag [[Domhnall Mac Goilla Phádraig]] File:The Gowran Ogham Stone.jpg|[[Cloch Oghaim Ghabhráin]] File:Dunmore cave, County Kilkenny.jpg|[[Dearc Fhearna]], Baile an Phoill </gallery> == Deoise Osraí == Bunaíodh [[Deoise Osraí]] sa chúigiú haois ag Naomh [[Ciarán Saighre]]. Shocraigh teorannacha na deoise go buan ag [[Sionad Ráth Breasail]] sa bhliain 1111, agus léiríonn siad fós imlíníocht na ríochta.<ref>Downham, "Career", lch. 7</ref><ref>Mac Niocaill, ''Ireland before the Vikings'', ll. 3–4.</ref> [[Íomhá:Kingdom of Ossory (circa 1111).png|mion|clé|[[Deise Osraí]] (dearg) socraithe ag [[Sionad Ráth Breasail]]<ref>{{ lua idirlín | url = http://www.ucc.ie/celt/published/G100054/text090.html | teideal = Foras Feasa ar Éirinn, Cuid 90 | suíomh = ucc.ie | dátarochtana = 2017-03-16 | url-status = live | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20160303233132/http://www.ucc.ie/celt/published/T100054/text090.html | archivedate = 3ú Márta 2016 | df=dmy-all }}</ref>]] I dtosach báire, bhíodh príomheaglais na nOsraí suite i [[Saighir]] ([[Contae Uíbh Fhailí]]), áit dúchais Naoimh Chiaráin, ach am éigin le himeacht aimsire, tháinig [[Achadh Bhó]] ([[Contae Laoise]]) chun cinn, áit dúchais Naoimh [[Cainneach Achadh Bhó|Chainnigh]], agus in am trátha bogadh í chuig cathair Chill Chainnigh. Is amhlaidh óna h[[annála Éireann]] go raibh tábhacht ar leith ag [[Achadh Úr]], agus molann fianaise seandálaíochta gur shuíomhanna suntasacha eaglasta iad [[Cill Chiaráin]], [[Cill Lamraí]] agus [[Cill Rí]] (Contae Chill Chainnigh uile) agus [[Domhnach Mór, Contae Laoise|Domhnach Mór]] (Contae Laoise).<ref>Downham, "Career", lch. 7</ref><ref> Charles-Edwards, ''Early Christian Ireland'', ll. 292–294</ref><ref> Byrne, ''Irish kings and high-kings'', ll. 180–181.</ref> Is é na hOsraí an t-aon cheantar amháin in Éirinn Ossory a bhfuil beirt naomhphátrúin aige &m dash; Ciarán agus Cainneach.<ref>"The Lives of Saint Ciarán, Patron of the Diocese of Ossory", Pádraig Ó Riain, in ''Ossory, Laois and Leinster'' iml. 3, lch. 25</ref> A bhuí le scoláireacht déanta ag An gCanónach [[William Carrigan]] ina shaothar ceithre imleabhar ''The History and Antiquities of the Diocese of Ossory'', tá stair iomlán againn ar an ríocht agus a dreamanna. Ina dteannta sin, tá liosta iomlán de gach fondúireacht mhainistreach i nDeoise Osraí nó gaolta leí le fáil san Monasticon Hibernicum Project bunaithe ag [[Ailbhe Mac Shamhráin]].<ref name="dias">{{ lua idirlín | url = https://monasticon.celt.dias.ie/search.php?diocese=Ossory#results | foilsitheoir = monasticon.celt.dias.ie | teideal = Monasticon Hibernicum| accessdate = 14ú Feabhra 2017 | url-status = live | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20161017002618/https://monasticon.celt.dias.ie/search.php?diocese=Ossory#results | archivedate = 17ú Deireadh Fómhair 2016 | df = dmy-all }}</ref> == Litríocht agus cultúr == === Annála, ságaí agus foinsí stairiúla === Tá fianaise mhaith le fáil sna h[[annála Éireann]] maidir le stair agus saol polaitiúil na nOsraí, ina léitear ríocht shuntasach Feictear na hOsraí mar chéilí comhraic deireanacha na [[Déise]] sa sága ''[[Tairired na nDéssi]]'' den 8ú haois.<ref>{{ lua idirlín | url = http://www.irishtribes.com/articles/tairired.pdf | teideal = The Irish Tribes | suíomh = Irishtribes.com | accessdate = 2017-03-16| url-status = dead | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20160304221951/http://www.irishtribes.com/articles/tairired.pdf| archivedate = 4ú Márta 2016 | df = dmy-all }}</ref><ref name="mabinogi1"/> Cé go raibh siad a deirtear dochlóite ar páirc an chatha, bhuaigh na Déise i ndeireadh na dála orthu trí dhraíocht is feall. B'éigean dóibh a gcríocha theas idir [[an tSiúir]] agus an muir a ghéilleadh. Creidtear go ndearnadh [[Donnchad mac Giolla Phádraig|Donnchadh Mac Giolla Phádraig]] (rí Osraí agus Laigean ag sa bhás sa bhliain 1039) [[Annála Easpacha na hÉireann]] a scríobh mar bholscaireacht ar a theacht chun cinn.<ref name="ucc3">{{ lua idirlín | url = http://www.ucc.ie/celt/published/G100017/ | publisher = celt.ucc.ie | teideal = Fragmentary Annals of Ireland | dátarochtana = 14ú Feabhra 2017 | url-status = live | archiveurl = https://www.webcitation.org/6DUdBRq4C?url=http://www.ucc.ie/celt/published/T100017/index.html| archivedate = 7ú Eanáir 2013 | df = dmy-all }}</ref> Insítear iontu faoin laoch, [[Cerball mac Dúnlainge|Cearbhall mac Dúnlainge]], agus é ag streachailt go caithréimeach in éadan na [[Lochlannaigh]]. Molann [[Joan Radner]] an saothar hipitéiseach, ''[[Croinic Osraí]]'', mar fhoinse.<ref name="Joan N. Radner 1978"/> Is amhlaidh go raibh tionchar ar leith acu ar bréagchroinicí níos deireanaí, amhail is ''[[Cogad Gáedel re Gallaib]]''.<ref name="Joan N. Radner 1978">Joan N. Radner (eag. & aistr.) Fragmentary Annals of Ireland (Baile Átha Cliath 1978)</ref> Léirítear in ''[[Cogad Gáedel re Gallaib]]'' an choimhlint idir na hOsraí agus an [[Dál gCais|Dál Chais]], agus na hOsraí ach ar feadh tréimhse ghearr faoi smacht [[Brian Bóramha|Bhriain Bóramha]]. Insítear ann faoi ghníomhaíocht Lochlannach in agus thart timpeall Osraí.<ref name="books.google.com">{{ cite book | url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_TgMGAAAAQAAJ | title=Cogadh Gaedhel Re Gallaibh | publisher=Longmans, Green, Reader, and Dyer | accessdate=2017-03-16 | last1=Todd | first1=James Henthorn | year=1867 }}</ref> Ag deireadh an scéil, tá cur síos aiféaltais ar iarrachtaí na nOsraí ruathar a dhéanamh ar arm an Dáil Chais, ag teacht go caithréimeach abhaile tar éis [[Cath Chluain Tarbh|Chath Chluain Tarbh]]. Deirtear gur cuireadh faitíos ar na hOsraí nuair a chonaic siad gaiscígh gortaithe á gceangal féin ina seasamh cruinn díreach go cuaillí. Chúlaigh siad, ag dul ar a dtóir ach go ciapach.<ref name="books.google.com"/> Feictear an Osraí in iliomad dán, amhrán agus téacsanna meánaoiseacha eile. I [[Leabhar na gCeart]], tá liosta de gach cáin íoctha do agus ag ríthe na nOsraí. Tugtar sa [[Cóir Anmann]] sanasaíocht an ainm ''Osraige'', i dteannta le siúd de [[Cú Cherca mac Fáeláin|Chú Chearca mac Faoláin]].<ref name="maryjones1"/> Luaitear loig agus clanna Osraí sa [[Dinnseanchas]].<ref name="ucd">{{ lua idirlín | url = http://www.ucd.ie/tlh/trans/ws.rc.15.002.t.text.html| foilsitheoir = ucd.ie/tlh/ | teideal = The Prose Tales in the Rennes Dindshenchas II – Translation &#91;text&#93;| dátarochtana = 14ú Feabhra 2017 | url-status = live | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20171119174720/http://www.ucd.ie/tlh/trans/ws.rc.15.002.t.text.html | archivedate = 19ú Samhain 2017 | df = dmy-all }}</ref><ref>{{ lua idirlín | url = http://www.ucc.ie/celt/published/G106500C/ | teideal = The Metrical Dindshenchas | suíomh = celt.ucc.ie | dátarochtana = 2017-03-16 | url-status = live | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20161011224504/http://www.ucc.ie/celt/published/T106500C/index.html | archivedate = 11ú Deireadh Fómhair 2016 | df=dmy-all }}</ref> Tugtar sa [[Banseanchas|Bhanseanchas]] den 12ú haois le ''[[Gilla Mo Dutu Úa Caiside]]'' as Ard Brecáin, liosta de ríthe agus banríonacha suntasacha Osraí, agus eile dá sliocht.<ref>{{ lua idirlín | url = http://www.maryjones.us/ctexts/banshenchus.html | teideal = Banshenchus | suíomh = maryjones.us | dátarochtana = 2017-03-16 | url-status = live | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20161006211308/http://www.maryjones.us/ctexts/banshenchus.html | archivedate = 6ú Deireadh Fómhair 2016 | df = dmy-all }}</ref> Feictear Osraí i ndán luaite le rí [[Aldfrith Northumbria]] agus é ar deoraíocht in Éirinn, ag cur síos ar an méid a chonaic sé ann timpeall na bliana 685.<ref>{{ lua idirlín | url = https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=IE0AAAAAcAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&hl=en&pg=GBS.PA375 | teideal = Google Play | suíomh = play.google.com | dátarochtana = 2017-03-16 }}</ref> Déantar trácht ar roinnt uaisle Osraí sa dán Meán-Ghaeilge [[Tairngreacht Bhearcháin]], a thugann nod débhríoch gur phós na hOsraí le rítheaghlach na hAlban ambiguously. {{quote box | quote = ''Ro dheat ó arainn cogle,<br> ''I ttír aloinn Osraige,<br> ''Miolla milseach uall mór smacht,<br> ''Flanna fiora fidhchiollacht.<br> Fuaireas ó Arainn go Glé,<br> I dtír álainn Osraí,<br> ''Miolla'' milse ualach mór smacht,<br> ''Flanna'' fíora ficheallacht. | source = [[Aldfrith Northumbria]], ''Ro dheat an inis Finn Faíl''.<ref>{{ lua idirlín | url = http://www.traceyclann.com/files/ui%20bairrche2.htm | teideal = Uí Bairrche (Leinster) - Page 2 | publisher = traceyclann | dátarochtana = 2017-03-16 | url-status = live | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20160312130514/http://www.traceyclann.com/files/Ui%20Bairrche2.htm | archivedate = 12a Márta 2016 | df = dmy-all }}</ref> | quoted = 1}} Seasann scaití sin ríocht an phearsa [[Mícheál Dubh Mac Giolla Ciaráin]], uasal ficseanúil Osraí a fheictear i roinnt dánta, san áireamh ''[[Ossorie, A Song of Leinster]]'' le [[Rev. James B. Dollard]]<ref>{{ cite book | url=https://archive.org/details/poemsfath00dolluoft | quote=Dark michael prince of ossory. | title=Poems | publisher=Catholic Church Extension Society of Canada | author=James B. Dollard | page=[https://archive.org/details/poemsfath00dolluoft/page/25 25] | accessdate=2017-03-16| year=1910 }}</ref> agus especially ''[[Fáilte roimh an bPrionsa Iarraidh]] '', dán [[Seacaibíteachas|Seacaibíteach]] den 18ú haois, scríofa as Gaeilge le [[William Heffernan "Dall"]], agus aistrithe go Béarla le [[James Clarence Mangan]].<ref>{{ cite book| url=https://books.google.com/?id=1fum8gc62BYC&pg=PA232&lpg=PA232&dq=meehal+dubh+mac+giolla#v=onepage&q=meehal%20dubh%20mac%20giolla&f=false | title=The Ballads of Ireland | editor=Edward Hayes | volume=1 | page=232 | accessdate=2017-03-16| year=1857 }}</ref><ref name="google5">{{ lua idirlín | url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=gGoXAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&hl=en&pg=GBS.PA174| teideal = James Clarence Mangan – Books on Google Play | dátarochtana = 14ú Feabhra 2017 }}</ref><ref name="ucc5">{{ lua idirlín | url = http://www.ucc.ie/celt/online/E840000-022/| distributed = celt.ucc.ie | teideal = Welcome to the Prince of Ossory | accessdate = 14ú Feabhra 2017 | url-status = dead | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20160303235816/http://www.ucc.ie/celt/online/E840000-022/ | archivedate = 3ú Márta 2016 | df = dmy-all }}</ref> Tá roinnt pearsana de rítheaghlach na nOsraí taifeadta i stair liteartha na Nordach. Feictear [[Cerball mac Dúnlainge|Cearbhall mac Dúnlainge]] faoin ainm ''Kjarvals Írakonungs'' (Cearbhall rí Éireann) sna ginealaigh le feiceáil in [[Njal's Saga]], agus is sinsear é trína iníonacha de roinnt teaghlach Íoslainne tábhachtach.<ref name="sagadb">{{ lua idirlín | url = http://sagadb.org/brennu-njals_saga | foilsitheoir = sagadb.org | teideal = Brennu-Njáls saga – Icelandic Saga Database | accessdate = 14ú Feabhra 2017 | url-status = live | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20170208072902/http://www.sagadb.org/brennu-njals_saga| archivedate = 8ú Feabhra 2017| df=dmy-all }}</ref> Tá tagairt díreach do sa [[Landnámabók]], ina faightear é mar phríomhcheannaire na hEorpach. Feictear a iníon (nó ar a laghad, sliochtach), Eithne, sa [[sága Orkneyinga]] mar chailleach feasa de dheas éigin, mar mháthair an Iarla, [[Sigurd Hlodvirsson|Sigurd Trom]], agus cruthaitheoir an [[bratach fiaigh dhuibh|bhratach fhiaigh dhuibh]] mór le rá.<ref>{{ lua idirlín | url = http://www.sacred-texts.com/neu/ice/is3/is302.htm | teideal = Icelandic Sagas, Volume 3: The Orkneyingers' Saga | suíomh = sacred-texts.com | dátarochtana = 2017-03-16 | url-status = live | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20170329155036/http://www.sacred-texts.com/neu/ice/is3/is302.htm | archivedate = 29ú Márta 2017 | df = dmy-all }}</ref><ref>''Juxtaposing Cogadh Gáedel re Gallaib with Orkneyinga saga'', le Thomas A. DuBois. In ''Oral Tradition'', Iml. 26, Uimhir 2 (Deireadh Fómhair 2011) lch. 286. PDF le fáil{{ lua idirlín | url = http://journal.oraltradition.org/files/articles/26ii/04_26.2.pdf | teideal = Archived copy | dátarochtana = 2014-03-28 | url-status = live | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20140407070947/http://journal.oraltradition.org/files/articles/26ii/04_26.2.pdf | archivedate = 7ú Aibreán 2014 | df = dmy-all }}</ref><ref>{{ lua idirlín | url = http://www.orkneyjar.com/history/historicalfigures/earlsigurd/index.html | teideal = Earl Sigurd and the Raven Banner | suíomh = orkneyjar.com | dátarochtana = 2017-03-16 | url-status = live | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20170127051511/http://www.orkneyjar.com/history/historicalfigures/earlsigurd/index.html | archivedate = 27ú Eanáir 2017 | df = dmy-all }}</ref> Feictear Sigurd le tamall gearr in ''[[Sága Naomh Olaf]]'' (tugtha in ''[[Heimskringla]]'' isteach) agus in ''[[Sága Eyrbyggja]]''. Tá roinnt scéalta faoina eachtraí in ''[[Njal's Saga]]'' gan dealramh, chomh maith le ''[[Gunnlaugr Sága ormtungu|Sága Gunnlaugr Nathairtheanga]]'', '' [[Þorsteins saga Síðu-Hallssonar|Sága Thorstein Sidu-Hallsson]]'', the ''[[Vatnsdæla saga|Sayga Vatnsdæla]]'' agus sa scéal ''Helgi and Wolf'', cuid den ''[[Flateyjarbók]]''.<ref>Muir (2005) lch. 28</ref><ref>Thomson (2008) lch. 66</ref> Feictear é in ''[[Cogad Gáedel re Gallaib]]'' mar chéile comhraic [[Brian Bóramha|Bhriain Bóramha]] ag [[Cath Chluain Tarbh]], agus tá a bhás ann taifeadta i n[[Annála Uladh]]. Feictear ríocht na nOsraí go suntasach i liteartha Normannach den 12ú haois. Tá dhá shaothar ann le Gerald Bhreataine Bige ar Éirinn, ''[[Topographia Hibernica]]''<ref>[https://www.webarchive.org.uk/wayback/archive/20140517084255/http://www.bl.uk/manuscripts/Viewer.aspx?ref=royal_ms_13_b_viii_f001r Topographia Hibernica]</ref> agus ''[[Expugnatio Hibernica]]''<ref>[https://www.webarchive.org.uk/wayback/archive/20140130124224/http://www.bl.uk/manuscripts/Viewer.aspx?ref=royal_ms_13_b_viii_f034v Expugnatio Hibernica]</ref> a thugann aird ar leith d'Osraí, a ríthe, a tíreolaíocht agus na cathanna troidte an in éadan na Normannach. Rinne Gerald fosta trácht ar seanscéal ar leith faoi [[conriocht|chonriochtaí]] as Osraí. D'inis [[Fynes Moryson]] an seanscéal arís ina shaothar den 17ú haois, ''Description of Ireland''<ref name="ucc6">{{ lua idirlín| url = http://celt.ucc.ie/celt/published/G100071.html | foilsitheoir = celt.ucc.ie | teideal = The Description of Ireland | dátarochtana = 14ú Feabhra 2017| url-status = live | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20160304082615/http://www.ucc.ie/celt/online/T100071.html | archivedate = 4ú Márta 2016| df = dmy-all }}</ref> agus feictear arís é níos deireanaí fós in, ''The Wonders of Ireland'', le P. W. Joyce, foilsithe sa bhliain in 1911.<ref>{{ lua idirlín | url = http://www.libraryireland.com/Wonders/Man-Wolves.php | teideal =The Man-Wolves of Ossory | suíomh = libraryireland.com | dátarochtana = 2017-03-16 | url-status = live | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20170215195615/http://www.libraryireland.com/Wonders/Man-Wolves.php | archivedate = 15ú Feabhra 2017 | df = dmy-all }}</ref> I dteannta sin, feictear láithreacha Osraí sa [[laoi]] [[Fraincise Normannaí]], ''[[The Song of Dermot and the Earl]]''.<ref name="ucc7">{{ lua idirlín | url = http://www.ucc.ie/celt/published/T250001-001/ | foilsitheoir = celt.ucc.ie| teideal = Song of Dermot and the Earl | dátarochtana = 14ú Feabhra 2017 | url-status = live | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20161011225620/http://www.ucc.ie/celt/published/T250001-001/index.html | archivedate = 11ú Deireadh Fómhair 2016 | df = dmy-all }}</ref> [[Íomhá:Werewolves of Ossory.png|mion|200px|Léaráid as ''[[Topographia Hibernica]]'' le [[Gerald Bhreataine Bige]], ag léiriú an scéal faoi sagairt ar turas a bhuaileann le dhá dhea-chonriocht as Osraí.<ref>British Library Royal MS 13 B VIII.</ref>]] Feictear ainm na ríochta in ''[[The Red Book of Ossory]]'', clár den 14ú haois as Laidin agus Angla-Normannais caomhnaithe i nDeoise Osraí, agus nasctha le [[Richard Ledred]],<ref>[[Wikisource:Lederede, Richard de (DNB00)]]</ref> easpag Osraí ón mbliain 1317 go 1360.<ref>{{ lua idirlín | url = http://ireland.anglican.org/news/2385 | teideal = Church of Ireland - News | suíomh = ireland.anglican.org | dátarochtana = 2017-03-16 | url-status = live | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20160305042158/http://ireland.anglican.org/news/2385 | archivedate = 5ú Márta 2016 | df = dmy-all }}</ref> Faightear ann cóipeanna de cháipéisí a bheadh lárnach do riarachán na deoise: bunreachtanna, gearradh cánach, memoranda ceart, gníomhais agus litreacha ríoga, chomh maith le hamhráin cumtha ag Ledred.<ref name="anglican2">{{ lua idirlín | url = http://ireland.anglican.org/news/2385 | foilsitheoir = ireland.anglican.org | teideal = Church of Ireland – News | dátarochtana = 14ú Feabhra 2017 | url-status = live | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20160305042158/http://ireland.anglican.org/news/2385 | archivedate = 5ú Márta 2016 | df = dmy-all }}</ref> Caomhnaítear an leabhar anois sa Leabharlann RCB [[Eaglais na hÉireann]] i mBaile Átha Cliath, agus tá leagan digiteach le fáil.<ref>''[https://issuu.com/churchofireland/docs/redbookossory Red Book, Ossory]'', issuu.com</ref><ref>''[https://www.ireland.anglican.org/news/7609/celebrating-christmas-with-the-red Celebrating Christmas with the Red Book]'', ireland.anglican.org</ref><ref name="anglican2"/> Tá a lán eolais faoi Osraí sa mhórshaothar le [[Seathrún Céitinn]], ''[[Foras Feasa ar Éirinn]]''.<ref>''The History of Ireland'' by Geoffrey Keating, D.D., David Comyn (eag), Patrick S. Dinneen (eag), 1d eagrán, Iml. 1-3, David Nutt, ar son Irish Texts Society [Comann na Sgríbheann Gaedhilge], Londain (1902–1914), No. 4, 8 agus 9</ref><ref>{{ lua idirlín | url = http://www.ucc.ie/celt/online/G100054.html | teideal = Foras Feasa ar Éirinn | suíomh = celt.ucc.ie | dátarochtana =2017-03-16 | url-status = live | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20170318210028/http://www.ucc.ie/celt/online/T100054.html | archivedate = 18ú March 2017 | df = dmy-all }}</ref> I ndiaidh ''Cogadh Gáedel re Gallaib'', is foinse thánaisteach é ''Foras Feasa'' sin scéal agus na hOsraí ag cúr isteach ar an Dáil Chais ag teacht go caithréimeach ar ais abhaile ó [[Cath Chluain Tarbh|Chath Chluain Tarbh]] sa bhliain 1014. Tá eolas ann fosta ar an tionól tábhachtach, [[Sionad Ráth Breasail]], a tharla sa bhliain 1111 ar theorainn thuaidh na nOsraí, gar do [[Maighean Rátha|Mhaighean Rátha]]. Déanann an ministir [[An Bhreatain Bheag|Breathnach]], [[Meredith Hanmer]], trácht ar Osraí agus a bpríomhnaoimh ina shaothar ''Chronicle of Ireland'', foilsithe tar éis a bháis le [[Sir James Ware]] sa bhliain 1633.<ref>{{ cite book | url=https://books.google.com/?id=Diw7AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA276&lpg=PA276&dq=meredith+hanmer%27s+chronicle+of+ireland#v=onepage&q=ossory&f=false | title=The Chronicle of Ireland | author=Meredith Hanmer | page=276 | accessdate=2017-03-16 | year=1809 }}</ref><ref>{{lua idirlín | url = https://play.google.com/store/books/details?id=NT2DMmBdR0oC&rdid=book-NT2DMmBdR0oC&rdot=1 | teideal = The chronicle of Ireland - Books on Google Play | suíomh = play.google.com | dátarochtana = 2017-03-16 | url-status = live | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20170215125241/https://play.google.com/store/books/details?id=NT2DMmBdR0oC&rdid=book-NT2DMmBdR0oC&rdot | archivedate = 2017-02-15 | df = dmy-all }}</ref><ref>{{ lua idirlín | url = https://archive.org/details/chronicleofirela00hanmuoft | sloinne = Hanmer | ainm = Meredith | teideal = The chronicle of Ireland. Collected by Meredith Hanmer in the yeare 1571 | suíomh = archive.org | dátarochtana = 2017-03-16 }}</ref> Bhí Hanmer féin ann le tamall gairid i n[[Deoise Osraí]] sa bhliain 1598. Sa bhliain 1905, d'fhoilsigh [[William Carrigan]] a mhórstair na ríochta, ''The History And Antiquities of the Diocese of Ossory'', le ceithre imleabhar. === Comhainmnigh === Caomhnaítear ainm na ríochta sa bhaile [[Buiríos Mór Osraí]]. Feictear é fosta san ''[[Ossory Agricultural Show]]'', comórtas beostoic, torthaí agus ceardaíochta bunaithe sa bhliain 1898, faoi phátrúnacht anois [[Bernard FitzPatrick, 2a Barún Castletown]], agus curtha i láthair sa [[An Chúil Fhionn|Chúil Fhionn]], [[Contae Laoise]].<ref name="ossoryshow">{{ lua idirlín | url=http://www.ossoryshow.com/about.html | foilsitheoir = ossoryshow.com | teideal = About | dátarochtana = 14ú Feabhra 2017 | url-status = dead | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20160304001452/http://wwwssoryshow.com/about.html | archivedate = 4ú Mhárta 2016 | df = dmy-all }}</ref> Is ar cheann den phríomh-dhroichid i gcathair Chill Chainnigh é Droichead Osraí. Tá droichead coisithe adhmaid faoina bhun, an ceann is faide dá leithéid san Eoraip.<ref name="visitkilkenny">{{ lua idirlín | url = http://www.visitkilkenny.ie/node/1738 | foilsitheoir = visitkilkenny.ie | teideal = Ossory Pedestrian Bridge - Kilkenny Tourism| accessdate = 14ú Feabhra 2017 | url-status= live | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20180109121903/http://www.visitkilkenny.ie/node/1738 | archivedate = 9ú Eanáir 2018 | df = dmy-all }}</ref><ref name="kilgallen">{{ lua idirlín | url = http://www.kilgallen.ie/civil/bridge-assessment-repair/| foilsitheoir = kilgallen.ie | teideal = KILGALLEN &amp; PARTNERS - Bridge Assessment &amp; Repair | dátarochtana = 14ú Feabhra 2017 | url-status = live | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20150725042213/http://www.kilgallen.ie/civil/bridge-assessment-repair/ | archivedate = 25ú Iúil 2015 | df = dmy-all }}</ref> Bhí ainm na ríochta ag [[Ronald Ossory Dunlop]], b'fhéidir toisc gur Mhic Giolla Phádraig (Fitzpatrick) í a mháthair. Thóg banna ''[[black metal]]'' as na [[Stáit Aontaithe]] an t-ainm ''Osraige''.<ref name="bandcamp">{{ lua idirlín | url = http://osraige.bandcamp.com/|publisher=osraige.bandcamp.com | teideal = OSRAIGE | dátarochtana = 14ú Feabhra 2017 | url-status = live | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20180109235310/https://osraige.bandcamp.com/ | archivedate = 9ú Eanáir 2018 | df=dmy-all }}</ref><ref name="metal-archives">{{ lua idirlín | url = http://www.metal-archives.com/bands/Osraige/3540367811 | foilsitheoir = metal-archives.com | teideal = Osraige – Encyclopaedia Metallum: The Metal Archives | dátarochtana = 14ú Feabhra 2017 | url-status = live | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20150220004435/http://www.metal-archives.com/bands/Osraige/3540367811 | archivedate = 20ú Feabhra 2015 | df = dmy-all }}</ref> Bhí trí long ann i g[[Cabhlach Ríoga na Breataine]] leis an ainm [[HMS Ossory|HMS ''Ossory'']]. Bhí ráschapall folaíochta darbh ainm ''[[Ossory (horse)|Ossory]]'' (1885–1889) i seilbh an Chéad [[Duke of Westminster]]. Tá roinnt Gaelscoileanna i gCill Chainnigh ainmnithe as Osraí, san áireamh Gaelscoil Osraí<ref name="osrai">{{ lua idirlín | url = http://www.osrai.com/ | foilsitheoir = osrai.com | teideal = Gaelscoil Osrai – Cill Chainnigh, Co. Cill Chainnigh – Kilkenny, Co. Kilkenny – (056) 776 5697 | dátarochtana = 14ú Feabhra 2017 | url-status = live | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20161020175612/http://www.osrai.com/ | archivedate = 20ú Deireadh Fómhair 2016 | df = dmy-all }}</ref> agus Coláiste Pobail Osraí.<ref name="osrai2">{{ lua idirlín | url = http://osrai.ie/|publisher=osrai.ie | teideal = Coláiste Pobail Osraí - An chéad scoil chomhoideachais lán-Ghaelach | dátarochtana = 14ú Feabhra 2017 | url-status = live | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20170123094529/http://osrai.ie/ | archivedate = 23ú Eanáir 2017 | df = dmy-all }}</ref> === Ealaíon nua-aimseartha === Feictear Osraí go suntasach i roinnt saothair fhicsean stairiúil le húdair éagsúla. Tá súil polaitíocht na ríochta pléite in ''Diarmait King of Leinster'' (2006) le [[Nicholas Furlong]], maraon leis an staraí, <!--two-time chairman of the [[Irish Writers' Union]]--> [[Conor Kostick]], in ''Strongbow: the Norman Invasion of Ireland'' (2013).<ref name = "obrien">{{ lua idirlín | url = http://www.obrien.ie/strongbow-the-norman-invasion-of-ireland | foilsitheoir = obrien.ie | teideal = The O'Brien Press – Strongbow – The Norman Invasion of Ireland By Conor Kostick | dátarochtana = 14ú Feabhra 2017 | url-status = live | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20160304054224/http://www.obrien.ie/strongbow-the-norman-invasion-of-ireland | archivedate = 4ú Márta 2016 | df = dmy-all }}</ref> Feictear Údarás ar an bhfód in [[Sister Fidelma mysteries]] le [[Peter Tremayne]], ''Suffer Little Children'' (1995) agus ''The Seventh Trumpet'' (2012) ach go háirithe.<ref name = "sisterfidelma">{{ lua idirlín | url = http://www.sisterfidelma.com/books.html | foilsitheoir = sisterfidelma.com | teideal = SISTER FIDELMA MYSTERIES – THE BOOKS | dátarochtana = 14ú Feabhra 2017 | url-status = live | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20161204095813/http://www.sisterfidelma.com/books.html | archivedate = 4ú Nollaig 2016 | df = dmy-all }}</ref> Déanann [[Morgan Llywelyn]] trácht go sách minic ar Osraí ina saothair, go háirithe in ''[[Lion of Ireland]]'' (1980), an ceann eile sa tsraith '' [[Pride of Lions (novel)|Pride of Lions]]'' (1996), ''Strongbow: The Story of Richard & Aoife'' (1996)<ref name = "obrien2">{{ lua idirlín | url = http://www.obrien.ie/strongbow | foilsitheoir = obrien.ie | teideal = The O'Brien Press – Strongbow – The Story of Richard and Aoife By Morgan Llywelyn | dátarochtana = 14ú Feabhra 2017 | url-status = live | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20170823231947/http://www.obrien.ie/strongbow | archivedate = 23ú Lúnasa 2017 | df = dmy-all }}</ref> agus ''1014: Brian Boru & the Battle for Ireland'' (2014).<ref name = "obrien3">{{ lua idirlín | url = http://www.obrien.ie/1014 | foilsitheoir = obrien.ie | teideal = The O'Brien Press – 1014: Brian Boru & the Battle for Ireland By Morgan Llywelyn Maps by Terry Foley | dátarochtana = 14ú Feabhra 2017 | url-status = live | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20170823231434/http://www.obrien.ie/1014 | archivedate = 23ú Lúnasa 2017 | df = dmy-all }}</ref> ''Tavia Osraige'' is ainm do phearsa san úrscéal ''Rainseeker'' (2014) le Jeanette Matern.<ref name = "google6">{{ lua idirlín | url = https://play.google.com/store/books/details/Jeanette_Matern_Rainseeker?id = UPmVAwAAQBAJ | teideal = Rainseeker – Books on Google Play | dátarochtana = 14ú Feabhra 2017 | url-status = live | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20151212073722/https://play.google.com/store/books/details/Jeanette_Matern_Rainseeker?id=UPmVAwAAQBAJ | archivedate = 12ú Nollaig 2015 | df = dmy-all }}</ref> Léirítear agus ceiliúrtar sa [[Taipéis Rois]] roinnt cathanna a tharla i nOsraí le linn [[ionradh na Normannach ar Éirinn|ionradh na Normannach]] chomh maith le teacht [[William Marshal, 1d Iarla Pembroke|William Marshal]].<ref name = "rostapestry">{{ lua idirlín | url = http://www.rostapestry.com/panel_5_battles_ossory.htm | foilsitheoir = rostapestry.com | teideal = panel_5_battles_ossory | dátarochtana = 14ú Feabhra 2017 | url-status = dead | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20160304130801/http://www.rostapestry.com/panel_5_battles_ossory.htm | archivedate = 4ú Márta 2016 | df = dmy-all }}</ref><ref name = "rostapestrylovers">{{ lua idirlín | url = http://www.rostapestrylovers.com/index.php/gallery | foilsitheoir = rostapestrylovers.com | teideal = The Ros Tapestry Lovers – Panels of the Ros Tapestry | dátarochtana = 14ú Feabhra 2017 | url-status = live | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20160303231114/http://rostapestrylovers.com/index.php/gallery | archivedate = 3ú Márta 2016 | df = dmy-all }}</ref> Sa bhliain 2018, chum Lise De La Salle sraith cheol pianó le haghaidh gach painéal den Ros Tapestry, ag tabhairt an teidil ''Battles in the Kingdom of Ossory'' ar cheann amháin dóibh.<ref>Lise De La Salle, ''[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uHvCqWwbYL8 Battles in the Kingdom of Ossory]'' ar YouTube</ref> === Cluichí === Feictear Osraí go minic i gcluichí an lae inniu, de bharr a suíomh straitéiseach in Éirinn. Mar shampla, tá Osraí ann sa tsraith cluichí ríomhaire [[Crusader Kings]], foilsithe ag [[Paradox Interactive]].<ref name = "paradoxplaza">{{ lua idirlín | url = http://www.paradoxplaza.com/games/crusader-kings-complete#about_game-tab | foilsitheoir = Paradoxplaza.com | teideal = Crusader Kings Complete – Paradox Interactive | dátarochtana = 14ú Feabhra 2017 | url-status = dead | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20160103094013/https://www.paradoxplaza.com/games/crusader-kings-complete#about_game-tab | archivedate = 3ú Eanáir 2016 | df = dmy-all }}</ref><ref name = "paradoxplaza2">{{ lua idirlín | údar = Ends In | url = http://www.paradoxplaza.com/games/crusader-kings-ii | teideal = Buy Crusader Kings 2 - Paradox Interactive | website = Paradoxplaza.com | dáta = 2012-02-14 | dátarochtana = 2017-03-16 | url-status = live | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20140224013524/http://www.paradoxplaza.com/games/crusader-kings-ii | archivedate = 24ú Feabhra 2014 | df = dmy-all }}</ref> In [[Mount & Blade]], Viking Conquest, feictear Osraí mar bhaicle Ghaelach Chríostaí. Feictear Osraí arís in [[Total War Saga: Thrones of Britannia]], tótam fia acu, agus suíomhanna stairiúla na ríochta ann.<ref>''[https://www.honga.net/totalwar/britannia/unit.php?l=&v=britannia&f=vik_fact_osraige&u=iri_gallowglasses Total War]''</ref> Is príomh-phearsa sa chluiche é [[Flann Sinna|Flann Sionna]], an tArdrí stairiúil leath-Osraí trína mháthair, [[Land ingen Dúngaile|Lann ní Dhúnghaile]].<ref>''[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d3W2N1DdAAM Youtube]''</ref> Faightear Osraí fosta mar ríocht ar léarscáil mheánaoiseach de [[Conquer Club]].<ref name = "conquerclub">{{ lua idirlín | url = http://www.conquerclub.com/forum/viewtopic.php?f=64&t=1150&start=135 | foilsitheoir = conquerclub.com | teideal = Conquer Club • View topic – Ireland map &#91;Quenched&#93; | dátarochtana = 14ú Feabhra 2017 | url-status = live | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20160304043200/http://www.conquerclub.com/forum/viewtopic.php?f=64&t=1150&start=135 | archivedate = 4u Márta 2016 | df = dmy-all }}</ref> Athchruthaíonn [[cluichí cogaíochta]] an cath cinniúnach ag [[Achadh Úr]] idir na Normannaigh ag ionsú agus na hOsraí ag cosaint.<ref>{{ lua idirlín | url = http://www.fanaticus.org/DBA/battles/achadh-ur.html | teideal = Battle of the Pass of Achadh-Ur (1169 AD) | suíomh = Fanaticus.org | dáta = 2001-03-17 | dátarochtana = 2017-03-16 | url-status = dead | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20160829051142/http://www.fanaticus.org/DBA/battles/achadh-ur.html | archivedate = 29ú Lúnasa 2016 | df = dmy-all }}</ref> Is amhlaidh freisin gur spreag an ríocht agus cuid dá ggg roinnt náisiúnstát ficseanúil i bhfóraim rólimeartha.<ref name = "nationstates">{{ lua idirlín | url = https://www.nationstates.net/nation=ossoria | foilsitheoir = nationstates.net | teideal = NationStates - The High Kingdom of Ossoria | dátarochtana = 14ú Feabhra 2017 | url-status = live | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20170109142655/https://www.nationstates.net/nation=ossoria | archivedate = 9ú Eanáir 2017 | df = dmy-all }}</ref> === Nuacht === Sa bhliain 2014, rinne fear as [[Móin Choinn]], Co. Cill Chainnigh, éileamh ar ceart cónaithe i gCaisleán Chill Chainnigh, mar sliochtach díreach mar dhea de [[ríthe na nOsraí]].<ref name="kilkennypeople">{{ lua idirlín | url = http://www.kilkennypeople.ie/news/kilkenny-news/walter-claims-his-legal-right-to-live-in-kilkenny-castle-as-a-direct-descendant-of-kings-of-ossory-1-6290114 | foilsitheoir = kilkennypeople.ie | teideal = Walter claims his legal right to live in Kilkenny Castle as a direct descendant of Kings of Ossory – Kilkenny People | dátarchtana = 14ú Feabhra 2017 | url-status = live | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20140926003426/http://www.kilkennypeople.ie/news/kilkenny-news/walter-claims-his-legal-right-to-live-in-kilkenny-castle-as-a-direct-descendant-of-kings-of-ossory-1-6290114 | archivedate = 26ú Meán Fómhair 2014 | df = dmy-all }}</ref><ref name="irishmirror">{{ lua idirlín | url = http://www.irishmirror.ie/news/irish-news/man-who-thinks-related-ancient-4196755 | foilsitheoir = irishmirror.ie| teideal = Man who thinks he is related to ancient Irish royalty claims: 'I'm King of Kilkenny Castle' – Irish Mirror Online | dátarochtana = 14ú Feabhra 2017 | url-status = live | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20160920175524/http://www.irishmirror.ie/news/irish-news/man-who-thinks-related-ancient-4196755| archivedate = 20ú Meán Fómhair 2016 | df = dmy-all }}</ref> I mí Feabhra 2017, osclaíodh Músaem nua an Mhíle Mheánaoisigh don phobal, ag léiriú stair na ríochta, i dteannta le taispeántas faoi Cjearbhall ina ról mar phatrún ar nós ardchrois na nOsraí.<ref>{{ lua idirlín | url = http://medievalmilemuseum.ie/#a-story-in-stone| teideal = Welcome - Medieval Mile Museum | dátarochtana = 16ú Márta 2017 | url-status = live | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20170312201220/http://www.medievalmilemuseum.ie/#a-story-in-stone | archivedate = 12a Márta 2017 | df = dmy-all }}</ref> == Féach freisin == * [[Annála Easpacha na hÉireann]] * [[Ríthe na Laighean]] * [[Ríthe an Osraí]] * [[Baron Upper Ossory]] * [[Earl of Ossory]] * [[Earl of Upper Ossory]] * [[Bishop of Ossory]] == Foinsí == * CELT, [http://www.ucc.ie/celt/published/T100005A/index.html ''Annals of the Four Masters, volume 1'']. CELT: Corpus of Electronic Texts. * —. [http://www.ucc.ie/celt/published/T100005B/index.html ''Annals of the Four Masters, volume 2'']. CELT: Corpus of Electronic Texts. * —. [http://www.ucc.ie/celt/published/T100005C/index.html ''Annals of the Four Masters, volume 3'']. CELT: Corpus of Electronic Texts. * —. [http://www.ucc.ie/celt/published/T100004/index.html ''The Annals of Innisfallen'']. CELT: Corpus of Electronic Texts. * —. [https://web.archive.org/web/20150829143127/http://www.ucc.ie/celt/online/T100010A/ ''The Annals of Loch Cé, volume 1'']. CELT: Corpus of Electronic Texts. * —. [http://www.ucc.ie/celt/published/T100002A/index.html ''The Annals of Tigernach'']. CELT: Corpus of Electronic Texts. * —. [http://www.ucc.ie/celt/published/T100001A/index.html ''The Annals of Ulster, volume 1'']. CELT: Corpus of Electronic Texts. * —. [http://www.ucc.ie/celt/published/T100016/index.html ''Chronicon Scotorum'']. CELT: Corpus of Electronic Texts. * —. [http://www.ucc.ie/celt/published/T100017/index.html ''Fragmentary Annals of Ireland'']. CELT: Corpus of Electronic Texts. * —. [http://www.ucc.ie/celt/published/T100013/index.html ''Mac Carthaigh's Book'']. CELT: Corpus of Electronic Texts. * {{citation |last=Byrne |first=Francis John |authorlink=Francis John Byrne |title=Irish Kings and High-Kings |publisher=Batsford |location=London |year= 1987|isbn=978-0-7134-5882-4 }} * Carrigan, William. ''The History and Antiquities of the Diocese of Ossory''. (Vols. I-V) Dublin: Sealy, Bryers & Walker, 1905. Print. * {{citation|last=Charles-Edwards |first=T. M. |title=Early Christian Ireland |publisher=Cambridge University Press |location=Cambridge |isbn=978-0-521-36395-2 |year=2000 }} * Doherty, Charles., 'Érainn', in Seán Duffy (ed.), ''Medieval Ireland: An Encyclopedia''. Routledge. 2005. p.&nbsp;156. * {{citation |last=Downham |first=Clare |title=The career of Cearbhall of Osraige |year=2004 |journal=Ossory, Laois and Leinster |volume=1 |pages=1–18 |issn=1649-4938}} * Edwards, David. "Collaboration without Anglicization: The Macgiollapadraig Lordship and Tudor Reform." ''Gaelic Ireland c. 1250 – c. 1650: Land, Lordship, & Settlement.'' Ed. Patrick J. Duffy, David Edwards, & Elizabeth FitzPatrick. Dublin: Four Courts Press, 2001. pgs. 77–97. Print. * Hariman, James. ''Irish Minstrelsy or Bardic Remains of Ireland; with English Poetical Translations.'' Vol. II. London: Joseph Robins, Bride Court, Bridge Street, 1831. * Lyng, T., ''The FitzPatricks of Ossory'', Old Kilkenny Review, Vol. 2, no. 3, 1981. * {{citation |last=Mac Niocaill |first=Gearóid |title=Ireland before the Vikings |volume=1 |series=The Gill History of Ireland |location=Dublin |publisher=Gill & Macmillan |year=1972 |isbn=978-0-7171-0558-8 }} * Morris, Henry ''The Ancient Kingdom of Ossory'', The Irish Monthly, Vol. 50, No. 588 (Jun., 1922), pp.&nbsp;230–236. Published by: Irish Jesuit Province (JSTOR Article Stable URL: https://www.jstor.org/stable/20505867) * Ó Drisceoil, Cóilín. "Probing the past: a geophysical survey at St. Canice's Cathedral, Kilkenny." ''Old Kilkenny Review'' No. 58 (2004) p.&nbsp;80–106. Print. * Ó Néill, Pádraig. "Osraige", in Seán Duffy (ed.), ''Medieval Ireland: An Encyclopedia''. Routledge. 2005. p.&nbsp;358 * Radner, Joan. ''Writing History: Early Irish Historiography and the Significance of Form'', in 'Celtica 23' (1999); p.&nbsp;312–325 == Naisc sheachtracha == * [[Corpus of Electronic Texts|CELT]] ** [http://www.ucc.ie/celt/published/G100001A/ The Annals of Ulster] ** [http://celt.ucc.ie/published/G100010A/ The Annals of Loch Cé] ** [http://www.ucc.ie/celt/published/G105003 Genealogies from Rawlinson B502] ** [http://www.ucc.ie/celt/published/G100017/ The Fragmentary Annals of Ireland] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20150923214455/http://www.dias.ie/images/stories/celtics/pubs/celtica/c23/c23-312.pdf Radner's commentary] on the Fragmentary Annals and the ''"Osraige Chronicle"'', Celtica 23 * [http://image.ox.ac.uk/show?collection=bodleian&manuscript=msrawlb502 Contents of Bodleian Library MS Rawl. B. 502]; Early Manuscripts at Oxford University * [http://theses.gla.ac.uk/1209/1/2005zumbuhld.pdf Osraige's kingship in the Central Middle Ages], Doctoral thesis by Mark Zumbuhl * [[Encyclopædia Britannica]] ** [https://archive.today/20130102033904/http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9057576 Ossory] * [http://sbaldw.home.mindspring.com/Ireland/Osr/lists/Osraige.htm Kings of Osraige], Stewart Baldwin * [https://fitzpatricksociety.com/history/ Osraige History on The Fitzpatrick] - Mac Giolla Phádraig Clan Society * [http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/00750770801909375#.Uxjc-PldU1I Irish Geography]; Volume 41, Issue 1, 2008 * [https://web.archive.org/web/20140307012026/http://kilkennyarchaeologicalsociety.ie/archaeologyreport2a.htm Cooleeshalmore archeology] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20150402154011/http://www.earlychristianireland.org/Counties/offaly/seir_kieran/ Saighir], Early Christian Sites In Ireland Database, * [http://www.stcanicescathedral.com/ St. Canice's Cathedral and Round Tower], Kilkenny * [https://web.archive.org/web/20140610205431/http://www.heritagecouncil.ie/fileadmin/user_upload/Publications/Education/kilkenny_book_l_res.pdf ''Stepping into Kilkenny's History''] == Tagairtí == {{reflist|2}} {{Mumhain}} [[Catagóir:Éarainn]] [[Catagóir:Ríochtaí Éireann]] 8g506giyabh2elhymjqf7cbooabwcmm 2 94806 1318096 1317747 2026-06-20T13:08:21Z ListeriaBot 25319 Wikidata list updated [V2] 1318096 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wikidata list |sparql= SELECT DISTINCT ?item ?name WHERE { ?item wdt:P31 wd:Q16521 . # this calls up the taxon ?item wdt:P171* wd:Q5113 . # Q5113 is bird ?item wdt:P105 wd:Q7432 . # species only FILTER NOT EXISTS { ?item wdt:P141 wd:Q237350 } # not extinct ?articleURL schema:about ?item ; schema:name ?name ; schema:isPartOf <https://ga.wikipedia.org/> . #must have sitelink to gawiki } ORDER BY ?name OFFSET 0 LIMIT 2000 |links=local |section= |sort=label |columns=number:#,qid,label,P18,p225:enw tacson,P373,P2067,P2050,P7770 }} {| class='wikitable sortable' ! # ! qid ! label ! íomhá ! enw tacson ! catagóir Commons ! mais ! réise sciathán ! tréimhse ghoir |- | style='text-align:right'| 1 | Q26147 | [[abhóiséad]] | [[Íomhá:Avocette élégante Thyna019.jpg|center|128px]] | Recurvirostra avosetta | [[:commons:Category:Recurvirostra avosetta|Recurvirostra avosetta]] | 31.7 gram | 78 ceintiméadar | 24 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 2 | Q202504 | [[amadán móinteach]] | [[Íomhá:Charadrius morinellus male.jpg|center|128px]] | Charadrius morinellus | [[:commons:Category:Charadrius morinellus|Charadrius morinellus]] | 17 gram | 60 ceintiméadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 3 | Q1268205 | [[Súmaire gabhair ghlórach|Antrostomus vociferus]] | [[Íomhá:Caprimulgus vociferus Sam Smith Park toronto.jpg|center|128px]] | Antrostomus vociferus | [[:commons:Category:Antrostomus vociferus|Antrostomus vociferus]] | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 4 | Q106447604 | [[Éigrit eallaigh|Ardea ibis]] | [[Íomhá:Héron garde boeufs à Oued Mejerda.jpg|center|128px]] | Ardea ibis | [[:commons:Category:Ardea ibis|Ardea ibis]] | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 5 | Q652266 | [[Argas mór|Argusianus argus]] | [[Íomhá:Argusianus argus -Lok Kawi Wildlife Park, Malaysia -male-8a.jpg|center|128px]] | Argusianus argus | [[:commons:Category:Argusianus argus|Argusianus argus]] | | | 24 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 6 | Q692192 | [[Póiseard ceannrua Meiriceánach|Aythya americana]] | [[Íomhá:Aythya americana f Ontario.jpg|center|128px]] | Aythya americana | [[:commons:Category:Aythya americana|Aythya americana]] | 1.1 cileagram<br/>990 gram | 79.5 ceintiméadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 7 | Q26742 | [[Aythya ferina]] | [[Íomhá:Aythya ferina Gentofte 1.jpg|center|128px]] | Aythya ferina | [[:commons:Category:Aythya ferina|Aythya ferina]] | 66 gram | 0.77 méadar | 25 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 8 | Q170718 | [[Beachadóir Eorpach|beachadóir]] | [[Íomhá:Бджолоїдка звичайна або щурка європейська.jpg|center|128px]] | Merops apiaster | [[:commons:Category:Merops apiaster|Merops apiaster]] | 6.5 gram | 0.47 méadar | 20 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 9 | Q1951359 | [[Beachadóir Peirseach|beachaire gormleicneach]] | [[Íomhá:Guepier de Perse Jebil NP.jpg|center|128px]] | Merops persicus | [[:commons:Category:Merops persicus|Merops persicus]] | 49.4 gram | | 24 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 10 | Q25450 | [[biorearrach]] | [[Íomhá:Male northern pintail at Llano Seco.jpg|center|128px]] | Anas acuta | [[:commons:Category:Anas acuta|Anas acuta]] | 1.025 cileagram<br/>866 gram | 0.9 méadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 11 | Q591831 | [[bobóilinc]] | [[Íomhá:Bobolink (female) (5005682834).jpg|center|128px]] | Dolichonyx oryzivorus | [[:commons:Category:Dolichonyx oryzivorus|Dolichonyx oryzivorus]] | 2.75 gram | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 12 | Q25709 | [[Bonnán buí (éan)|bonnán]] | [[Íomhá:Eurasian Bittern - Torrile - Italy 4528 (15409347121).jpg|center|128px]] | Botaurus stellaris | [[:commons:Category:Botaurus stellaris|Botaurus stellaris]] | 42 gram<br/>2.906 cileagram<br/>2.017 cileagram | 1.27 méadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 13 | Q26129 | [[bonnán beag]] | [[Íomhá:47-090506-little-bittern-at-upper-ford-near-Sigri-.jpg|center|128px]] | Botaurus minutus | [[:commons:Category:Ixobrychus minutus|Ixobrychus minutus]] | 13 gram<br/>147 gram | 49 ceintiméadar | 18 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 14 | Q204111 | [[Bonnán cainéaldathach|bonnán cainéil]] | [[Íomhá:Cinnamon bittern or chestnut bittern (Ixobrychus cinnamomeus) Photograph by Shantanu Kuveskar.jpg|center|128px]] | Ixobrychus cinnamomeus | [[:commons:Category:Botaurus cinnamomeus|Botaurus cinnamomeus]] | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 15 | Q743017 | [[Bonnán breicneach|bonnán Meiriceánach]] | [[Íomhá:American bittern in flight (53726569227) (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | Botaurus lentiginosus | [[:commons:Category:Botaurus lentiginosus|Botaurus lentiginosus]] | 36 gram | 115 ceintiméadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 16 | Q469586 | [[Bonnán caol|bonnán seang]] | [[Íomhá:Least bittern (71430).jpg|center|128px]] | Ixobrychus exilis | [[:commons:Category:Botaurus exilis|Botaurus exilis]] | 10 gram<br/>80 gram | 43 ceintiméadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 17 | Q188877 | [[Breacán (éan)|breacán]] | [[Íomhá:Fringilla montifringilla -Poland -male-8.jpg|center|128px]] | Fringilla montifringilla | [[:commons:Category:Fringilla montifringilla|Fringilla montifringilla]] | 2.14 gram<br/>22 gram | 0.27 méadar | 11 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 18 | Q26650 | [[breacóg]] | [[Íomhá:Calidris alpina alpina, Riga, Latvia 1.jpg|center|128px]] | Calidris alpina | [[:commons:Category:Calidris alpina|Calidris alpina]] | | 0.36 méadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 19 | Q25440 | [[broigheall]] | [[Íomhá:2021-05-05 Phalacrocorax carbo carbo, Killingworth Lake, Northumberland 1-2.jpg|center|128px]] | Phalacrocorax carbo | [[:commons:Category:Phalacrocorax carbo|Phalacrocorax carbo]] | 2.4 cileagram<br/>2 cileagram | 1.4 méadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 20 | Q244319 | [[Mionbhroigheall|broigheall bídeach]] | [[Íomhá:Microcarbo pygmaeus - Pygmy cormorant.jpg|center|128px]] | Microcarbo pygmaeus | [[:commons:Category:Microcarbo pygmaeus|Microcarbo pygmaeus]] | | 85 ceintiméadar | 28 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 21 | Q18700 | [[bróg-ghob]] | [[Íomhá:Entebbe Shoe Bill Stork.jpg|center|128px]] | Balaeniceps rex | [[:commons:Category:Balaeniceps rex|Balaeniceps rex]] | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 22 | Q121221 | [[budragár]] | [[Íomhá:Budgerigar-male-strzelecki-qld.jpg|center|128px]] | Melopsittacus undulatus | [[:commons:Category:Melopsittacus undulatus|Melopsittacus undulatus]] | 2.15 gram | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 23 | Q168677 | [[bultúr luaithriúíl]] | [[Íomhá:Aegypius monachus, Catalan Pyrenees, Spain S4E7659 (25191007486).jpg|center|128px]] | Aegypius monachus | [[:commons:Category:Aegypius monachus|Aegypius monachus]] | 243 gram | 2.5 méadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 24 | Q126167 | [[bultúr uan]] | [[Íomhá:Bearded Vulture - Catalan Pyrenees - Spain (25098398432).jpg|center|128px]] | Gypaetus barbatus | [[:commons:Category:Gypaetus barbatus|Gypaetus barbatus]] | 224 gram<br/>4.913 cileagram<br/>6.175 cileagram | 2.621 méadar | 54 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 25 | Q33504 | [[bultúr Éigipteach]] | [[Íomhá:Egyptian Vulture, Socotra.jpg|center|128px]] | Neophron percnopterus | [[:commons:Category:Neophron percnopterus|Neophron percnopterus]] | 94 gram<br/>1.977 cileagram | 1.676 méadar | 42 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 26 | Q188601 | [[bustard beag]] | [[Íomhá:Tetrax tetrax, Castuera, Estremadura, Spain 3.jpg|center|128px]] | Tetrax tetrax | [[:commons:Category:Tetrax tetrax|Tetrax tetrax]] | 41 gram | 110 ceintiméadar | 21 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 27 | Q290871 | [[bustard Houbara]] | [[Íomhá:Houbara035.JPG|center|128px]] | Chlamydotis undulata | [[:commons:Category:Chlamydotis undulata|Chlamydotis undulata]] | 68 gram<br/>1.96 cileagram<br/>1.15 cileagram | | 24 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 28 | Q171655 | [[bustard mór]] | [[Íomhá:Dévaványa, Hungary – Great bustard 01.jpg|center|128px]] | Otis tarda | [[:commons:Category:Otis tarda|Otis tarda]] | 143 gram | 235 ceintiméadar<br/>180 ceintiméadar | 25 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 29 | Q26205 | [[buíóg]] | [[Íomhá:Emberiza citrinella -Midtjylland, Denmark -male-8.jpg|center|128px]] | Emberiza citrinella | [[:commons:Category:Emberiza citrinella|Emberiza citrinella]] | 2.94 gram | 26 ceintiméadar | 13 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 30 | Q908909 | [[búbúc Norfolk]] | [[Íomhá:Nz boobook.JPG|center|128px]] | Ninox novaeseelandiae | [[:commons:Category:Ninox novaeseelandiae|Ninox novaeseelandiae]] | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 31 | Q179959 | [[cacapó]] | [[Íomhá:Buller Kakapo.jpg|center|128px]] | Strigops habroptila | [[:commons:Category:Strigops habroptila|Strigops habroptila]] | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 32 | Q27050 | [[cadhan]] | [[Íomhá:Branta bernicla bernicla Norfolk 1.jpg|center|128px]] | Branta bernicla | [[:commons:Category:Branta bernicla|Branta bernicla]] | | 1.01 méadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 33 | Q188446 | [[caipín dubh]] | [[Íomhá:Sylvia atricapilla -Lullington Heath, East Sussex, England -male-8.jpg|center|128px]] | Sylvia atricapilla | [[:commons:Category:Sylvia atricapilla|Sylvia atricapilla]] | 2.19 gram<br/>18.1 gram | 23 ceintiméadar | 13 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 34 | Q235057 | [[caislín aille]] | [[Íomhá:Common rock thrush.jpg|center|128px]] | Monticola saxatilis | [[:commons:Category:Monticola saxatilis|Monticola saxatilis]] | 4.95 gram<br/>47 gram<br/>52.4 gram | | 14 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 35 | Q152144 | [[caislín aille gorm]] | [[Íomhá:Monticola solitarius 29-August-2015.jpg|center|128px]] | Monticola solitarius | [[:commons:Category:Monticola solitarius|Monticola solitarius]] | 5.95 gram | | 13 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 36 | Q155869 | [[caislín aitinn]] | [[Íomhá:Saxicola rubetra poklaskwa AM.jpg|center|128px]] | Saxicola rubetra | [[:commons:Category:Saxicola rubetra|Saxicola rubetra]] | 2.06 gram | 22 ceintiméadar | 13 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 37 | Q1315689 | [[caislín cloch]] | [[Íomhá:African Stonechat (Saxicola torquatus) male (31251199192).jpg|center|128px]] | Saxicola torquatus | [[:commons:Category:Saxicola torquatus|Saxicola torquatus]] | | | 14 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 38 | Q838665 | [[caislín cloch Eorpach]] | [[Íomhá:Saxicola rubicola -Belgium -female-8 (1).jpg|center|128px]] | Saxicola rubicola | [[:commons:Category:Saxicola rubicola|Saxicola rubicola]] | | | 15 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 39 | Q1589281 | [[caislín Sibéarach]] | [[Íomhá:Siberian Stonechat (Saxicola maura)- Male at Bharatpur I IMG 5768.jpg|center|128px]] | Saxicola maurus | [[:commons:Category:Saxicola maurus|Saxicola maurus]] | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 40 | Q852622 | [[Cnagaire impiriúil|Campephilus imperialis]] | [[Íomhá:Kaiserspecht fg02.jpg|center|128px]] | Campephilus imperialis | [[:commons:Category:Campephilus imperialis|Campephilus imperialis]] | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 41 | Q284331 | [[Cnagaire Magellanach|Campephilus magellanicus]] | [[Íomhá:Magellan Specht.JPG|center|128px]] | Campephilus magellanicus | [[:commons:Category:Campephilus magellanicus|Campephilus magellanicus]] | 260 gram | 0.6 méadar | 20 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 42 | Q208334 | [[Donnóg Alpach|cantaire Alpshléibhe]] | [[Íomhá:Alpine accentor saganta.jpg|center|128px]] | Prunella collaris | [[:commons:Category:Prunella collaris|Prunella collaris]] | | | 13 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 43 | Q1049121 | [[Donnóg Radde|cantaire carraige]] | [[Íomhá:Prunella ocularis 1a.jpg|center|128px]] | Prunella ocularis | [[:commons:Category:Prunella ocularis|Prunella ocularis]] | | | 11 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 44 | Q129059 | [[capall coille]] | [[Íomhá:Auerhuhn Schweden P1130026.jpg|center|128px]] | Tetrao urogallus | [[:commons:Category:Tetrao urogallus|Tetrao urogallus]] | 3.8 cileagram<br/>1.97 cileagram<br/>53 gram | 106 ceintiméadar | 25 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 45 | Q26198 | [[caróg dhubh]] | [[Íomhá:Carrion crow 2022 04 05 05 02.jpg|center|128px]] | Corvus corone | [[:commons:Category:Corvus corone|Corvus corone]] | | 0.91 méadar | 19 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 46 | Q831597 | [[catéan liath]] | [[Íomhá:Graycatbird-WashParkCedarFallsIowa-20220506.jpg|center|128px]] | Dumetella carolinensis | [[:commons:Category:Dumetella carolinensis|Dumetella carolinensis]] | 3.8 gram<br/>35.7 gram<br/>39.6 gram | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 47 | Q25384 | [[ceann cait]] | [[Íomhá:Asio otus Downsview Park Toronto2.jpg|center|128px]] | Asio otus | [[:commons:Category:Asio otus|Asio otus]] | | 95 ceintiméadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 48 | Q25376 | [[Cearc cheannann Eoráiseach|cearc cheannann]] | [[Íomhá:Eurasian Coot.jpg|center|128px]] | Fulica atra | [[:commons:Category:Fulica atra|Fulica atra]] | 36.5 gram<br/>835 gram<br/>715 gram | 75 ceintiméadar | 22 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 49 | Q470016 | [[cearc cheannann Mheiriceánach]] | [[Íomhá:American coot in Prospect Park (06152).jpg|center|128px]] | Fulica americana | [[:commons:Category:Fulica americana|Fulica americana]] | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 50 | Q901228 | [[cearc mhailí]] | [[Íomhá:Leipoa ocellata.jpg|center|128px]] | Leipoa ocellata | [[:commons:Category:Leipoa ocellata|Leipoa ocellata]] | 2.4 cileagram<br/>175 gram<br/>1.8 cileagram | | 63 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 51 | Q178702 | [[cearc shailí]] | [[Íomhá:Lagopus lagopus - adult (Denali, 2010).jpg|center|128px]] | Lagopus lagopus | [[:commons:Category:Lagopus lagopus|Lagopus lagopus]] | 720 gram<br/>580 gram | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 52 | Q18847 | [[cearc uisce]] | [[Íomhá:Common Moorhen (Gallinula chloropus pyrrhorrhoa), Mauritius.jpg|center|128px]] | Gallinula chloropus | [[:commons:Category:Gallinula chloropus|Gallinula chloropus]] | 348 gram | 52 ceintiméadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 53 | Q104867606 | [[Ceolaire barrach]] | [[Íomhá:Curruca nisoria 378155893 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | Curruca nisoria | [[:commons:Category:Curruca nisoria|Curruca nisoria]] | 2.63 gram | 25 ceintiméadar | 12 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 54 | Q312779 | [[ceolaire Blyth]] | [[Íomhá:Blyth's Reed Warbler in Baruipur December 2024 by Tisha Mukherjee 02.jpg|center|128px]] | Acrocephalus dumetorum | [[:commons:Category:Acrocephalus dumetorum|Acrocephalus dumetorum]] | 1.68 gram | | 12 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 55 | Q14753772 | [[ceolaire bánlíoch]] | [[Íomhá:Ak mukallit - Iduna pallida - Eastern Olivaceous Warbler, Adana, Turkey 04.jpg|center|128px]] | Iduna pallida | [[:commons:Category:Iduna pallida|Iduna pallida]] | | | 12 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 56 | Q208710 | [[ceolaire casarnaí]] | [[Íomhá:Grashoppsangare-070512.jpg|center|128px]] | Locustella naevia | [[:commons:Category:Locustella naevia|Locustella naevia]] | | 17 ceintiméadar | 14 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 57 | Q650114 | [[ceolaire Cetti]] | [[Íomhá:Cettia cetti orientalis, Bismil, Turkey.jpg|center|128px]] | Cettia cetti | [[:commons:Category:Cettia cetti|Cettia cetti]] | | 17 ceintiméadar | 16 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 58 | Q27075477 | [[ceolaire coille]] | [[Íomhá:Flickr - Rainbirder - Wood Warbler (Phylloscopus sibilatrix).jpg|center|128px]] | Phylloscopus sibilatrix | [[:commons:Category:Phylloscopus sibilatrix|Phylloscopus sibilatrix]] | 1.32 gram<br/>10 gram | 22 ceintiméadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 59 | Q210422 | [[ceolaire corraigh]] | [[Íomhá:Acrocephalus palustris (Marek Szczepanek).jpg|center|128px]] | Acrocephalus palustris | [[:commons:Category:Acrocephalus palustris|Acrocephalus palustris]] | 1.85 gram | 20 ceintiméadar | 13 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 60 | Q757116 | [[ceolaire cuaráin]] | [[Íomhá:Booted warbler 2.jpg|center|128px]] | Iduna caligata | [[:commons:Category:Iduna caligata|Iduna caligata]] | | | 13 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 61 | Q27236 | [[ceolaire cíbe]] | [[Íomhá:Acrocephalus schoenobaenus -Sweden-8 (1).jpg|center|128px]] | Acrocephalus schoenobaenus | [[:commons:Category:Acrocephalus schoenobaenus|Acrocephalus schoenobaenus]] | 1.65 gram | 19 ceintiméadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 62 | Q1590574 | [[Ceolaire Upcher|ceolaire fann]] | [[Íomhá:Upcher's Warbler (Hippolais languida) (8079442053).jpg|center|128px]] | Hippolais languida | [[:commons:Category:Hippolais languida|Hippolais languida]] | 1.79 gram | | 13 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 63 | Q210791 | [[ceolaire feanearrach]] | [[Íomhá:Cisticola juncidis, El Qanater el Khayreyya, Qalyubia Governorate, Egypt.jpg|center|128px]] | Cisticola juncidis | [[:commons:Category:Cisticola juncidis|Cisticola juncidis]] | | | 13 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 64 | Q110257524 | [[Ceolaire fraoigh]] | [[Íomhá:Fauvette pitchou Ichkeul NP.jpg|center|128px]] | Curruca undata | [[:commons:Category:Curruca undata|Curruca undata]] | | 16 ceintiméadar | 13 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 65 | Q110257494 | [[Ceolaire mion|Ceolaire fásaigh]] | [[Íomhá:Curruca nana - Kudaibergen Amirekul - 562372019.jpeg|center|128px]] | Curruca nana | [[:commons:Category:Curruca nana|Curruca nana]] | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 66 | Q202478 | [[ceolaire garraí]] | [[Íomhá:Sylvia borin (Örebro County).jpg|center|128px]] | Sylvia borin | [[:commons:Category:Sylvia borin|Sylvia borin]] | | 22 ceintiméadar | 12 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 67 | Q159080 | [[ceolaire giolcaí]] | [[Íomhá:Eurasian Reed Warbler.jpg|center|128px]] | Acrocephalus scirpaceus | [[:commons:Category:Acrocephalus scirpaceus|Acrocephalus scirpaceus]] | 12 gram | 19 ceintiméadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 68 | Q827657 | [[ceolaire goirt ríse]] | [[Íomhá:Paddyfield Warbler Acrocephalus agricola by Dr. Raju Kasambe DSCN8336 (11).jpg|center|128px]] | Acrocephalus agricola | [[:commons:Category:Acrocephalus agricola|Acrocephalus agricola]] | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 69 | Q27674 | [[ceolaire ictireach]] | [[Íomhá:Hippolais icterina, Riga, Latvia 1.jpg|center|128px]] | Hippolais icterina | [[:commons:Category:Hippolais icterina|Hippolais icterina]] | 1.7 gram | 22 ceintiméadar | 14 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 70 | Q110257499 | [[Ceolaire tiubhghobach|Ceolaire Oirféach]] | [[Íomhá:Curruca crassirostris 91619419 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | Curruca crassirostris | [[:commons:Category:Curruca crassirostris|Curruca crassirostris]] | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 71 | Q27239 | [[ceolaire sailí]] | [[Íomhá:Willow Warbler Phylloscopus trochilus.jpg|center|128px]] | Phylloscopus trochilus | [[:commons:Category:Phylloscopus trochilus|Phylloscopus trochilus]] | | 19 ceintiméadar | 13 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 72 | Q321272 | [[ceolaire Savi]] | [[Íomhá:Rohrschwirl Chiemgau.jpg|center|128px]] | Locustella luscinioides | [[:commons:Category:Locustella luscinioides|Locustella luscinioides]] | 2.08 gram | 20 ceintiméadar | 10 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 73 | Q460229 | [[ceolaire scothghlas]] | [[Íomhá:Greenish Warbler Sikkim India 11.05.2014.jpg|center|128px]] | Phylloscopus trochiloides | [[:commons:Category:Phylloscopus trochiloides|Phylloscopus trochiloides]] | | | 12 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 74 | Q110257505 | [[Ceolaire Ménétries|ceolaire screige]] | [[Íomhá:Sylvia mystacea (2) (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | Curruca mystacea | [[:commons:Category:Curruca mystacea|Curruca mystacea]] | 1.5 gram | | 12 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 75 | Q26982 | [[circín starraiceach]] | [[Íomhá:Galerida cristata - Crested lark 01.jpg|center|128px]] | Galerida cristata | [[:commons:Category:Galerida cristata|Galerida cristata]] | | | 12 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 76 | Q148583 | [[cirlghealóg]] | [[Íomhá:Cirl Bunting Chiker Morocco Nov25 A7CR 09378.jpg|center|128px]] | Emberiza cirlus | [[:commons:Category:Emberiza cirlus|Emberiza cirlus]] | | 24 ceintiméadar | 13 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 77 | Q25385 | [[clamhán]] | [[Íomhá:Common Buzzard by caroline legg (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | Buteo buteo | [[:commons:Category:Buteo buteo|Buteo buteo]] | 0.925 cileagram<br/>60 gram<br/>790 gram<br/>966.5 gram | 1.24 méadar | 34 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 78 | Q233684 | [[clamhán cosfhada]] | [[Íomhá:Long-legged Buzzard (24521858347).jpg|center|128px]] | Buteo rufinus | [[:commons:Category:Buteo rufinus|Buteo rufinus]] | 73 gram | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 79 | Q26407 | [[clamhán lópach]] | [[Íomhá:Buteo lagopus 29283.JPG|center|128px]] | Buteo lagopus | [[:commons:Category:Buteo lagopus|Buteo lagopus]] | 824.6 gram<br/>1.027 cileagram | 1.35 méadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 80 | Q170466 | [[clamhán riabhach]] | [[Íomhá:Herilaseviu..jpg|center|128px]] | Pernis apivorus | [[:commons:Category:Pernis apivorus|Pernis apivorus]] | 49 gram | 1.26 méadar | 32 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 81 | Q21090684 | [[Iolar breac mór|Clanga clanga]] | [[Íomhá:Great spotted Eagle I2 IMG 8358.jpg|center|128px]] | Clanga clanga | [[:commons:Category:Clanga clanga|Clanga clanga]] | 110 gram | 167.5 ceintiméadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 82 | Q26420 | [[Clochrán coiteann|clochrán]] | [[Íomhá:Northern wheatear Oenanthe oenanthe.jpg|center|128px]] | Oenanthe oenanthe | [[:commons:Category:Oenanthe oenanthe|Oenanthe oenanthe]] | | 0.28 méadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 83 | Q769528 | [[Clochrán earr-rua|clochrán Afganastánach]] | [[Íomhá:Oenanthe chrysopygia.JPG|center|128px]] | Oenanthe chrysopygia | [[:commons:Category:Oenanthe chrysopygia|Oenanthe chrysopygia]] | | | 13 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 84 | Q763538 | [[clochrán alabhreac]] | [[Íomhá:Oenanthe pleschanka.jpg|center|128px]] | Oenanthe pleschanka | [[:commons:Category:Oenanthe pleschanka|Oenanthe pleschanka]] | 2.43 gram | | 13 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 85 | Q385723 | [[Oenanthe hispanica|clochrán cluasdubh]] | [[Íomhá:CollalbaRubia.jpg|center|128px]] | Oenanthe hispanica | [[:commons:Category:Oenanthe hispanica|Oenanthe hispanica]] | | | 13 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 86 | Q769093 | [[Clochrán Finsch|clochrán droimbhán]] | [[Íomhá:Oenanthe finschii.jpg|center|128px]] | Oenanthe finschii | [[:commons:Category:Oenanthe finschii|Oenanthe finschii]] | 26 gram<br/>29 gram | | 12 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 87 | Q1303323 | [[Clochrán Coirdíneach|clochrán earrdhearg]] | [[Íomhá:Oenanthe xanthoprymna - Kurdish Wheatear, Osmaniye, Turkey 01.jpg|center|128px]] | Oenanthe xanthoprymna | [[:commons:Category:Oenanthe xanthoprymna|Oenanthe xanthoprymna]] | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 88 | Q769934 | [[clochrán fásaigh]] | [[Íomhá:Desert Wheatear Oenanthe deserti by Dr. Raju Kasambe DSCN9430 (1).jpg|center|128px]] | Oenanthe deserti | [[:commons:Category:Oenanthe deserti|Oenanthe deserti]] | | | 13 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 89 | Q747686 | [[clochrán gainimh]] | [[Íomhá:Isabelline wheatear (Oenanthe isabellina) male, non-breeding.jpg|center|128px]] | Oenanthe isabellina | [[:commons:Category:Oenanthe isabellina|Oenanthe isabellina]] | 3.04 gram<br/>29 gram | | 13 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 90 | Q207290 | [[Cnagaire droimgheal|cnagaire droimbhán]] | [[Íomhá:Dendrocopos leucotos 2.jpg|center|128px]] | Dendrocopos leucotos | [[:commons:Category:Dendrocopos leucotos|Dendrocopos leucotos]] | | | 15 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 91 | Q143284 | [[cnagaire dubh]] | [[Íomhá:2016.08.27.-14-Viernheimer Heide-Viernheim--Schwarzspecht-Weibchen.jpg|center|128px]] | Dryocopus martius | [[:commons:Category:Dryocopus martius|Dryocopus martius]] | 11.8 gram | | 13 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 92 | Q166171 | [[cnagaire glas]] | [[Íomhá:Green woodpecker Franconville 2022 01 21 2.jpg|center|128px]] | Picus viridis | [[:commons:Category:Picus viridis|Picus viridis]] | 8.9 gram<br/>193 gram | 41 ceintiméadar | 19 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 93 | Q752481 | [[Cnagaire Siriach|cnagaire Síriach]] | [[Íomhá:Dendrocopos syriacus.jpg|center|128px]] | Dendrocopos syriacus | [[:commons:Category:Dendrocopos syriacus|Dendrocopos syriacus]] | 5.1 gram | | 10 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 94 | Q27124 | [[cnota]] | [[Íomhá:Calidris canutus (summer).jpg|center|128px]] | Calidris canutus | [[:commons:Category:Calidris canutus|Calidris canutus]] | 19.3 gram<br/>126 gram<br/>148 gram | 0.5 méadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 95 | Q749701 | [[Cnóshnag Neumayer|cnóshnag creige]] | [[Íomhá:Sitta neumayer 0.jpg|center|128px]] | Sitta neumayer | [[:commons:Category:Sitta neumayer|Sitta neumayer]] | 2.43 gram | | 15 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 96 | Q156767 | [[cnóshnag Eorpach]] | [[Íomhá:Kleiber (Sitta europaea caesia) Val Roseg.jpg|center|128px]] | Sitta europaea | [[:commons:Category:Sitta europaea|Sitta europaea]] | 2.25 gram<br/>23 gram | 24 ceintiméadar | 16 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 97 | Q514809 | [[cocaitíl]] | [[Íomhá:Cockateil.jpg|center|128px]] | Nymphicus hollandicus | [[:commons:Category:Nymphicus hollandicus|Nymphicus hollandicus]] | 5.68 gram<br/>86 gram | | 20 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 98 | Q210341 | [[Cochlearius cochlearius]] | [[Íomhá:Boat-billed Heron, Transpantaneira, Poconé, Mato Grosso, Brazil 4.jpg|center|128px]] | Cochlearius cochlearius | [[:commons:Category:Cochlearius cochlearius|Cochlearius cochlearius]] | | | 25 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 99 | Q1274601 | [[coileach sneachta Caispeach]] | [[Íomhá:BirdsAsiaJohnGoVIIGoul 0124.jpg|center|128px]] | Tetraogallus caspius | [[:commons:Category:Tetraogallus caspius|Tetraogallus caspius]] | 2.59 cileagram<br/>2.07 cileagram<br/>75 gram | 100 ceintiméadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 100 | Q1137277 | [[coileach sneachta Cugasach]] | [[Íomhá:Tetraogallus caucasicus.jpg|center|128px]] | Tetraogallus caucasicus | [[:commons:Category:Tetraogallus caucasicus|Tetraogallus caucasicus]] | | 87.5 ceintiméadar | 28 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 101 | Q25332 | [[coirneach]] | [[Íomhá:Balbuzard pecheur Lac de Tunis.jpg|center|128px]] | Pandion haliaetus | [[:commons:Category:Pandion haliaetus|Pandion haliaetus]] | 1.4 cileagram | 1.6 méadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 102 | Q42326 | [[colm aille]] | [[Íomhá:Columba livia (Rock Dove, wild), Duncansby Head, Caithness, Scotland 1.jpg|center|128px]] | Columba livia | [[:commons:Category:Columba livia|Columba livia]] | 294 gram<br/>267 gram | 690 millimetre | |- | style='text-align:right'| 103 | Q26026 | [[Colúr coille|colm coille]] | [[Íomhá:Columba palumbus -garden post-8.jpg|center|128px]] | Columba palumbus | [[:commons:Category:Columba palumbus|Columba palumbus]] | 18.9 gram | 0.75 méadar | 17 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 104 | Q26140 | [[colm gorm]] | [[Íomhá:2019-03-17 Columba oenas, Jesmond Dene 1.jpg|center|128px]] | Columba oenas | [[:commons:Category:Columba oenas|Columba oenas]] | 16.7 gram | 0.75 méadar | 22 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 105 | Q170598 | [[condar na nAindéas]] | [[Íomhá:204 - Canyon de Colca - Condor des Andes - Juin 2010.JPG|center|128px]] | Vultur gryphus | [[:commons:Category:Vultur gryphus|Vultur gryphus]] | | 3.048 méadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 106 | Q25382 | [[corcrán coille]] | [[Íomhá:Bullfinch male.jpg|center|128px]] | Pyrrhula pyrrhula | [[:commons:Category:Pyrrhula pyrrhula|Pyrrhula pyrrhula]] | 2.41 gram<br/>31 gram | 0.26 méadar | 15 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 107 | Q1084895 | [[corcrán coille ceannliath]] | [[Íomhá:Grey-headed Bullfinch.jpg|center|128px]] | Pyrrhula erythaca | [[:commons:Category:Pyrrhula erythaca|Pyrrhula erythaca]] | 21.7 gram | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 108 | Q160488 | [[corr chorcra]] | [[Íomhá:2010-kabini-purple-heron.jpg|center|128px]] | Ardea purpurea | [[:commons:Category:Ardea purpurea|Ardea purpurea]] | 51 gram | 1.35 méadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 109 | Q171360 | [[corr leitheadach Eoráiseach]] | [[Íomhá:Eurasian Spoonbill.jpg|center|128px]] | Platalea leucorodia | [[:commons:Category:Platalea leucorodia|Platalea leucorodia]] | 76 gram | 1.3 méadar | 23 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 110 | Q126216 | [[corr oíche]] | [[Íomhá:Black-crowned night heron in PP (36399).jpg|center|128px]] | Nycticorax nycticorax | [[:commons:Category:Nycticorax nycticorax|Nycticorax nycticorax]] | 682 gram<br/>590 gram | 1.06 méadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 111 | Q722981 | [[corr ríoga]] | [[Íomhá:Royal Spoonbill mouth open.jpg|center|128px]] | Platalea regia | [[:commons:Category:Platalea regia|Platalea regia]] | 69 gram | 120 ceintiméadar | 22 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 112 | Q191394 | [[corr scréachach]] | [[Íomhá:Crabier chevelu.jpg|center|128px]] | Ardeola ralloides | [[:commons:Category:Ardeola ralloides|Ardeola ralloides]] | 16 gram<br/>288 gram | 0.86 méadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 113 | Q144218 | [[coscaróba]] | [[Íomhá:Coscoroba coscoroba -Pineyro, Buenos Aires, Argentina-8.jpg|center|128px]] | Coscoroba coscoroba | [[:commons:Category:Coscoroba coscoroba|Coscoroba coscoroba]] | 4.6 cileagram<br/>3.8 cileagram<br/>185 gram | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 114 | Q18859 | [[cosdeargán]] | [[Íomhá:Common Redshank Tringa totanus.jpg|center|128px]] | Tringa totanus | [[:commons:Category:Tringa totanus|Tringa totanus]] | 22.3 gram<br/>129 gram | 62 ceintiméadar | 24 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 115 | Q28103 | [[cosdeargán breac]] | [[Íomhá:Dunkler Wasserläufer.jpg|center|128px]] | Tringa erythropus | [[:commons:Category:Tringa erythropus|Tringa erythropus]] | 24.5 gram<br/>142 gram<br/>161 gram | 64 ceintiméadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 116 | Q230837 | [[cromán bánlíoch]] | [[Íomhá:Pallid Harrier Adult Male (46333226825).jpg|center|128px]] | Circus macrourus | [[:commons:Category:Circus macrourus|Circus macrourus]] | 28 gram<br/>322 gram<br/>445 gram | 1.09 méadar | 29 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 117 | Q26574 | [[cromán liath]] | [[Íomhá:Circus pygargus (33541975444).jpg|center|128px]] | Circus pygargus | [[:commons:Category:Circus pygargus|Circus pygargus]] | 24 gram<br/>261 gram<br/>370 gram | 1.09 méadar | 28 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 118 | Q26431 | [[cromán móna iartharach]] | [[Íomhá:Busard des roseaux Circus aeruginosus DSC 3073-p (48841507981).jpg|center|128px]] | Circus aeruginosus | [[:commons:Category:Circus aeruginosus|Circus aeruginosus]] | 40 gram | 1.16 méadar | 34 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 119 | Q25572 | [[cromán na gcearc]] | [[Íomhá:Circus cyaneus 265961899.jpg|center|128px]] | Circus cyaneus | [[:commons:Category:Circus cyaneus|Circus cyaneus]] | 346 gram<br/>527 gram | 1.1 méadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 120 | Q27102 | [[crosán]] | [[Íomhá:Razorbill with a nice catch.jpg|center|128px]] | Alca torda | [[:commons:Category:Alca torda|Alca torda]] | | 0.661 méadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 121 | Q18854 | [[crotach]] | [[Íomhá:Eurasian Curlew.jpg|center|128px]] | Numenius arquata | [[:commons:Category:Numenius arquata|Numenius arquata]] | 76 gram<br/>742 gram<br/>869 gram | 0.97 méadar | 28 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 122 | Q61857 | [[crotach Artach]] | [[Íomhá:Eskimo Curlew.jpg|center|128px]] | Numenius borealis | [[:commons:Category:Numenius borealis|Numenius borealis]] | | 70 ceintiméadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 123 | Q18858 | [[crotach eanaigh]] | [[Íomhá:Whimbrel Numenius phaeopus.jpg|center|128px]] | Numenius phaeopus | [[:commons:Category:Numenius phaeopus|Numenius phaeopus]] | | 1.07 méadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 124 | Q79915 | [[Murlach mara|cruidín]] | [[Íomhá:Alcedo Atthis.jpg|center|128px]] | Alcedo atthis | [[:commons:Category:Alcedo atthis|Alcedo atthis]] | 4.3 gram | 25 ceintiméadar | 19.5 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 125 | Q735158 | [[cruidín píbgheal]] | [[Íomhá:Halcyon smyrnensis - White-throated kingfisher 02.jpg|center|128px]] | Halcyon smyrnensis | [[:commons:Category:Halcyon smyrnensis|Halcyon smyrnensis]] | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 126 | Q18845 | [[Cuach choiteann|cuach]] | [[Íomhá:Cuculus canorus vogelartinfo chris romeiks CHR0791 cropped.jpg|center|128px]] | Cuculus canorus | [[:commons:Category:Cuculus canorus|Cuculus canorus]] | 3.22 gram<br/>117 gram<br/>106 gram | 58 ceintiméadar | 12 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 127 | Q852265 | [[cuach ghob-bhuí]] | [[Íomhá:Yellow-billed cuckoo (42690).jpg|center|128px]] | Coccyzus americanus | [[:commons:Category:Coccyzus americanus|Coccyzus americanus]] | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 128 | Q27442 | [[cuilire alabhreac]] | [[Íomhá:Ficedula hypoleuca -Wood of Cree Nature Reserve, Scotland -male-8a.jpg|center|128px]] | Ficedula hypoleuca | [[:commons:Category:Ficedula hypoleuca|Ficedula hypoleuca]] | 1.7 gram<br/>12 gram | 22 ceintiméadar | 14 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 129 | Q241499 | [[cuilire broinnrua]] | [[Íomhá:Ficedula parva мухоловка мала.jpg|center|128px]] | Ficedula parva | [[:commons:Category:Ficedula parva|Ficedula parva]] | 1.45 gram | | 12 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 130 | Q1591580 | [[cuilire leathmhuinceach]] | [[Íomhá:SemicollaredFlycatcher.jpg|center|128px]] | Ficedula semitorquata | [[:commons:Category:Ficedula semitorquata|Ficedula semitorquata]] | | | 14 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 131 | Q26607 | [[cuilire liath]] | [[Íomhá:SpottedFlycatcheronfence.jpg|center|128px]] | Muscicapa striata | [[:commons:Category:Muscicapa striata|Muscicapa striata]] | 1.92 gram | 24 ceintiméadar | 14 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 132 | Q690826 | [[Cuilire bán|cuilire muinceach]] | [[Íomhá:Collared flycatcher (Ficedula albicollis).jpg|center|128px]] | Ficedula albicollis | [[:commons:Category:Ficedula albicollis|Ficedula albicollis]] | 1.6 gram | | 13 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 133 | Q838749 | [[Scréachóg Steller|Cyanocitta stelleri]] | [[Íomhá:Steller's Jay DSC1327.jpg|center|128px]] | Cyanocitta stelleri | [[:commons:Category:Cyanocitta stelleri|Cyanocitta stelleri]] | 8.1 gram<br/>94 gram | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 134 | Q25345384 | [[cág]] | [[Íomhá:Coloeus monedula -Munkedal, Vastra Gotaland, Sweden-8.jpg|center|128px]] | Coloeus monedula | [[:commons:Category:Coloeus monedula|Coloeus monedula]] | | 0.65 méadar | 20 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 135 | Q191386 | [[cág gob-bhuí]] | [[Íomhá:Alpine Chough by Jim Higham.jpg|center|128px]] | Pyrrhocorax graculus | [[:commons:Category:Pyrrhocorax graculus|Pyrrhocorax graculus]] | | | 19 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 136 | Q208405 | [[cánóg dhubh]] | [[Íomhá:Manx Shearwater.JPG|center|128px]] | Puffinus puffinus | [[:commons:Category:Puffinus puffinus|Puffinus puffinus]] | 521 gram | 82 ceintiméadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 137 | Q25234 | [[Lon dubh|céirseach]] | [[Íomhá:20190722 Turdus Merula 02.jpg|center|128px]] | Turdus merula | [[:commons:Category:Turdus merula|Turdus merula]] | | 36 ceintiméadar | 13 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 138 | Q244197 | [[Cíobhaí Beag Breac|cíobhaí beag breac]] | [[Íomhá:Apteryx owenii 0.jpg|center|128px]] | Apteryx owenii | [[:commons:Category:Apteryx owenii|Apteryx owenii]] | 285 gram | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 139 | Q734829 | [[Cíobhaí Donn an Oileáin Thuaidh|cíobhaí donn an Oileáin Thuaidh]] | [[Íomhá:Apteryx mantelli -Rotorua, North Island, New Zealand-8a.jpg|center|128px]] | Apteryx mantelli | [[:commons:Category:Apteryx mantelli|Apteryx mantelli]] | 2.25 cileagram<br/>2.955 cileagram | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 140 | Q730091 | [[Cíobhaí Mór Breac|cíobhaí mór breac]] | [[Íomhá:Apteryx haastii.jpg|center|128px]] | Apteryx haastii | [[:commons:Category:Apteryx haastii|Apteryx haastii]] | 425 gram | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 141 | Q26657 | [[Cíorbhuí coiteann|cíorbhuí]] | [[Íomhá:Goldcrest (Regulus regulus) (15954267973).jpg|center|128px]] | Regulus regulus | [[:commons:Category:Regulus regulus|Regulus regulus]] | 0.77 gram | 14 ceintiméadar | 17 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 142 | Q869023 | [[cíorlacha Phatagónach]] | [[Íomhá:Lophonetta specularioides -Puerto Natales, Patagonia, Chile-8.jpg|center|128px]] | Lophonetta specularioides | [[:commons:Category:Lophonetta specularioides|Lophonetta specularioides]] | | | 30 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 143 | Q716456 | [[Cúcabarra breac]] | [[Íomhá:Spangled Kookaburra.jpg|center|128px]] | Dacelo tyro | [[:commons:Category:Dacelo tyro|Dacelo tyro]] | 136 gram<br/>156 gram | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 144 | Q854856 | [[Cúcabarra gormeiteach]] | [[Íomhá:Blue-winged kookaburra arp.jpg|center|128px]] | Dacelo leachii | [[:commons:Category:Dacelo leachii|Dacelo leachii]] | 334 gram<br/>284 gram | | 25 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 145 | Q824974 | [[Cúcabarra gáiriteach]] | [[Íomhá:Dacelo novaeguineae waterworks.jpg|center|128px]] | Dacelo novaeguineae | [[:commons:Category:Dacelo novaeguineae|Dacelo novaeguineae]] | 30.4 gram<br/>307.2 gram<br/>352.1 gram | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 146 | Q919707 | [[Cúcabarra sluasaidghobach]] | [[Íomhá:Shovel-billed Kingfisher.jpg|center|128px]] | Dacelo rex | [[:commons:Category:Clytoceyx rex|Clytoceyx rex]] | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 147 | Q942119 | [[Cúcabarra tarr-ruadhonn]] | [[Íomhá:Dacelo gaudichaud.jpg|center|128px]] | Dacelo gaudichaud | [[:commons:Category:Dacelo gaudichaud|Dacelo gaudichaud]] | 143 gram | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 148 | Q80362 | [[cúr dubh]] | [[Íomhá:2007-black-kite.jpg|center|128px]] | Milvus migrans | [[:commons:Category:Milvus migrans|Milvus migrans]] | 56 gram<br/>828 gram | 1.52 méadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 149 | Q156250 | [[cúr rua]] | [[Íomhá:Milvus milvus Jura.jpg|center|128px]] | Milvus milvus | [[:commons:Category:Milvus milvus|Milvus milvus]] | 63 gram<br/>1.012 cileagram<br/>1.232 cileagram | 1.66 méadar | 31 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 150 | Q184825 | [[deargán sneachta]] | [[Íomhá:Redwing Turdus iliacus.jpg|center|128px]] | Turdus iliacus | [[:commons:Category:Turdus iliacus|Turdus iliacus]] | 4.9 gram<br/>62 gram | 0.36 méadar | 13 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 151 | Q11380593 | [[deargéadan beag]] | [[Íomhá:Acanthis cabaret 1 East Chevington.jpg|center|128px]] | Acanthis cabaret | [[:commons:Category:Acanthis cabaret|Acanthis cabaret]] | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 152 | Q20754771 | [[deargéadan coiteann]] | [[Íomhá:Acanthis flammea, Kotka, Finland 2.jpg|center|128px]] | Acanthis flammea | [[:commons:Category:Acanthis flammea|Acanthis flammea]] | | 23 ceintiméadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 153 | Q275591 | [[Meánchnagaire breac|Dendrocoptes medius]] | [[Íomhá:Middle-spotted woodpecker (Dendrocopos medius), Parc du Rouge-Cloître, Brussels (49179578882) (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | Dendrocoptes medius | [[:commons:Category:Dendrocoptes medius|Dendrocoptes medius]] | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 154 | Q856531 | [[Dicrurus paradiseus]] | [[Íomhá:Greater Racket-tailed Drongo Dicrurus paradiseus (Linnaeus, 1766) (16169002507).jpg|center|128px]] | Dicrurus paradiseus | [[:commons:Category:Dicrurus paradiseus|Dicrurus paradiseus]] | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 155 | Q26698 | [[donnóg]] | [[Íomhá:Dunnock crop2.jpg|center|128px]] | Prunella modularis | [[:commons:Category:Prunella modularis|Prunella modularis]] | | 0.21 méadar | 14 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 156 | Q167230 | [[Snámhaí balla|dreapaire balla]] | [[Íomhá:Tichodrome échelette Tichodroma muraria aDSC 1009 (50997238804).jpg|center|128px]] | Tichodroma muraria | [[:commons:Category:Tichodroma muraria|Tichodroma muraria]] | | | 19 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 157 | Q25740 | [[dreoilín]] | [[Íomhá:Eurasian wren (Troglodytes troglodytes).jpg|center|128px]] | Troglodytes troglodytes | [[:commons:Category:Troglodytes troglodytes|Troglodytes troglodytes]] | | 15 ceintiméadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 158 | Q27160 | [[droimneach beag]] | [[Íomhá:Larus fuscus Finnboda 2012.jpg|center|128px]] | Larus fuscus | [[:commons:Category:Larus fuscus|Larus fuscus]] | 880 gram<br/>755 gram | 1.34 méadar | 25 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 159 | Q26629 | [[droimneach mór]] | [[Íomhá:Great Black-backed Gull Larus marinus.jpg|center|128px]] | Larus marinus | [[:commons:Category:Larus marinus|Larus marinus]] | | 1.67 méadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 160 | Q25469 | [[Druid choiteann|druid]] | [[Íomhá:Common Starling, Blyth (12598795653).jpg|center|128px]] | Sturnus vulgaris | [[:commons:Category:Sturnus vulgaris|Sturnus vulgaris]] | | 0.38 méadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 161 | Q890912 | [[Druid droimchorcra|druid dauria]] | [[Íomhá:Daurian starling from Uppungal Kole Wetlands 2018 by Nesru Tirur.jpg|center|128px]] | Agropsar sturninus | [[:commons:Category:Agropsar sturninus|Agropsar sturninus]] | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 162 | Q20823352 | [[druid rósach]] | [[Íomhá:Pastor roseus - Rosenstar (Jungvogel).jpg|center|128px]] | Pastor roseus | [[:commons:Category:Pastor roseus|Pastor roseus]] | 6.6 gram<br/>79.6 gram<br/>66.9 gram | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 163 | Q25402 | [[eala bhalbh]] | [[Íomhá:Mute Swan Emsworth2.JPG|center|128px]] | Cygnus olor | [[:commons:Category:Cygnus olor|Cygnus olor]] | 11.8 cileagram<br/>9.67 cileagram | 230 ceintiméadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 164 | Q131044 | [[eala dhubh]] | [[Íomhá:00 2102 Trauerschwäne (Breisach am Rhein).jpg|center|128px]] | Cygnus atratus | [[:commons:Category:Cygnus atratus|Cygnus atratus]] | 258 gram<br/>6.2 cileagram<br/>5.1 cileagram | 180 ceintiméadar | 38 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 165 | Q25612 | [[eala ghlórach]] | [[Íomhá:Cygnus cygnus 070416 IOL.jpg|center|128px]] | Cygnus cygnus | [[:commons:Category:Cygnus cygnus|Cygnus cygnus]] | 331 gram<br/>14 cileagram<br/>8.75 cileagram | 2.29 méadar | 36 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 166 | Q244432 | [[eala phíbdhubh]] | [[Íomhá:Blackneck swan pair hornopiren chile feb 2010.jpg|center|128px]] | Cygnus melancoryphus | [[:commons:Category:Cygnus melancoryphus|Cygnus melancoryphus]] | | | 35 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 167 | Q26603 | [[eala thundra]] | [[Íomhá:Cygnus bewickii 01.jpg|center|128px]] | Cygnus columbianus | [[:commons:Category:Cygnus columbianus|Cygnus columbianus]] | 7.258 cileagram<br/>6.305 cileagram | 1.98 méadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 168 | Q26620 | [[earrdheargán]] | [[Íomhá:Gartenrotschwanz 1.jpg|center|128px]] | Phoenicurus phoenicurus | [[:commons:Category:Phoenicurus phoenicurus|Phoenicurus phoenicurus]] | | 22 ceintiméadar | 13 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 169 | Q796484 | [[Earrdheargán báneiteach|earrdheargán Cugasach]] | [[Íomhá:Phoenicurus erythrogastrus, Stepantsminda, Georgia 1.jpg|center|128px]] | Phoenicurus erythrogastrus | [[:commons:Category:Phoenicurus erythrogastrus|Phoenicurus erythrogastrus]] | | | 14 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 170 | Q26755 | [[earrdheargán dubh]] | [[Íomhá:Black Redstart bird.jpg|center|128px]] | Phoenicurus ochruros | [[:commons:Category:Phoenicurus ochruros|Phoenicurus ochruros]] | | 25 ceintiméadar | 14 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 171 | Q645528 | [[Euplectes franciscanus|Easpag flannbhuí]] | [[Íomhá:Euplectes franciscanus -Kotu Creek, Western Division, The Gambia -male-8.jpg|center|128px]] | Euplectes franciscanus | [[:commons:Category:Euplectes franciscanus|Euplectes franciscanus]] | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 172 | Q205491 | [[Gealóg charraige|Emberiza cia]] | [[Íomhá:Rock Bunting (Cochem).jpg|center|128px]] | Emberiza cia | [[:commons:Category:Emberiza cia|Emberiza cia]] | 2.77 gram<br/>23 gram | | 14 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 173 | Q1262861 | [[Spioróg mhór ruadhonn|Erythrotriorchis radiatus]] | [[Íomhá:Red Goshawk.jpg|center|128px]] | Erythrotriorchis radiatus | [[:commons:Category:Erythrotriorchis radiatus|Erythrotriorchis radiatus]] | 630 gram<br/>1.1 cileagram | 123.5 ceintiméadar | 41 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 174 | Q1060483 | [[Eurylaimus ochromalus]] | [[Íomhá:Black-and-yellow Broadbill (Eurylaimus ochromalus).jpg|center|128px]] | Eurylaimus ochromalus | [[:commons:Category:Eurylaimus ochromalus|Eurylaimus ochromalus]] | 33 gram | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 175 | Q748290 | [[fabhcún Barbarach]] | [[Íomhá:Wüstenfalke.jpg|center|128px]] | Falco pelegrinoides | [[:commons:Category:Falco peregrinus pelegrinoides|Falco peregrinus pelegrinoides]] | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 176 | Q25876 | [[Fabhcún coille Eoráiseach]] | [[Íomhá:Eurasian Hobby (14574008925) (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | Falco subbuteo | [[:commons:Category:Falco subbuteo|Falco subbuteo]] | 24 gram<br/>181.5 gram<br/>240.5 gram | 0.74 méadar | 29 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 177 | Q179625 | [[fabhcún cosdearg]] | [[Íomhá:Rotfußfalke Falco vespertinus.jpg|center|128px]] | Falco vespertinus | [[:commons:Category:Falco vespertinus|Falco vespertinus]] | 17 gram<br/>150 gram<br/>167 gram | 0.72 méadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 178 | Q30535 | [[Falco peregrinus|fabhcún gorm]] | [[Íomhá:American Peregrine Falcon (Falco peregrinus) (10700651733).jpg|center|128px]] | Falco peregrinus | [[:commons:Category:Falco peregrinus|Falco peregrinus]] | | 1.02 méadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 179 | Q33554 | [[fabhcún Lanner]] | [[Íomhá:Lanner falcon, Falco biarmicus, at Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park, Northern Cape, South Africa (34447024871).jpg|center|128px]] | Falco biarmicus | [[:commons:Category:Falco biarmicus|Falco biarmicus]] | | 100.5 ceintiméadar | 32 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 180 | Q165974 | [[fabhcún Saker]] | [[Íomhá:Falco cherrug 1 (Bohuš Číčel).jpg|center|128px]] | Falco cherrug | [[:commons:Category:Falco cherrug|Falco cherrug]] | 53 gram<br/>875 gram<br/>1.13 cileagram | 111.5 ceintiméadar | 30 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 181 | Q177688 | [[fabhcún tuaithe]] | [[Íomhá:Falco rusticolus white cropped.jpg|center|128px]] | Falco rusticolus | [[:commons:Category:Falco rusticolus|Falco rusticolus]] | | 58 ceintiméadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 182 | Q206840 | [[falaróp gobchaol]] | [[Íomhá:Phalaropus lobatus.jpg|center|128px]] | Phalaropus lobatus | [[:commons:Category:Phalaropus lobatus|Phalaropus lobatus]] | 6.3 gram<br/>35 gram<br/>39 gram | 0.34 méadar | 19 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 183 | Q208335 | [[falaróp gobmhór]] | [[Íomhá:Grey Phalarope.jpg|center|128px]] | Phalaropus fulicarius | [[:commons:Category:Phalaropus fulicarius|Phalaropus fulicarius]] | | 0.42 méadar | 19 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 184 | Q26470 | [[falcóg bheag]] | [[Íomhá:AlleAlle 2.jpg|center|128px]] | Alle alle | [[:commons:Category:Alle alle|Alle alle]] | 28 gram | 0.32 méadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 185 | Q683138 | [[faoileán Airméanach]] | [[Íomhá:Armenian Gull in flight (to the left) at Sevan lake, March 2008.jpg|center|128px]] | Larus armenicus | [[:commons:Category:Larus armenicus|Larus armenicus]] | 1 cileagram | 140 ceintiméadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 186 | Q619065 | [[faoileán an Aigéin Chiúin]] | [[Íomhá:Larus pacificus - Derwent River Estuary.jpg|center|128px]] | Larus pacificus | [[:commons:Category:Larus pacificus|Larus pacificus]] | 98.4 gram<br/>1.55 cileagram<br/>1.077 cileagram | 147 ceintiméadar | 24 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 187 | Q754885 | [[faoileán bandghobach]] | [[Íomhá:Larus delawarensis -Lake Erie, Ohio, USA -adult non-breeding-8.jpg|center|128px]] | Larus delawarensis | [[:commons:Category:Larus delawarensis|Larus delawarensis]] | 566 gram<br/>471 gram | 1150 millimetre | |- | style='text-align:right'| 188 | Q26427 | [[faoileán bán]] | [[Íomhá:Larus canus Common Gull in Norway.jpg|center|128px]] | Larus canus | [[:commons:Category:Larus canus|Larus canus]] | 413 gram<br/>360 gram | 1.11 méadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 189 | Q27375 | [[faoileán glas]] | [[Íomhá:Glaucous gull (Larus hyperboreus) with offspring, Liefdefjord, Svalbard.jpg|center|128px]] | Larus hyperboreus | [[:commons:Category:Larus hyperboreus|Larus hyperboreus]] | 1.576 cileagram<br/>1.249 cileagram | 158 ceintiméadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 190 | Q391421 | [[Crotach gobchaol|faoileán gobchaol]] | [[Íomhá:Goéland railleur Thyna012.jpg|center|128px]] | Chroicocephalus genei | [[:commons:Category:Chroicocephalus genei|Chroicocephalus genei]] | 29 gram<br/>275 gram<br/>236 gram | 102 ceintiméadar | 22 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 191 | Q389505 | [[faoileán gáiriteach]] | [[Íomhá:Larus cachinnans 3 (Marek Szczepanek).jpg|center|128px]] | Larus cachinnans | [[:commons:Category:Larus cachinnans|Larus cachinnans]] | 60 gram<br/>1.275 cileagram<br/>1.033 cileagram | 141 ceintiméadar | 27 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 192 | Q28236 | [[faoileán scadán]] | [[Íomhá:European herring gull vocalizing (00170).jpg|center|128px]] | Larus argentatus | [[:commons:Category:Larus argentatus|Larus argentatus]] | | 1.34 méadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 193 | Q704982 | [[faoileán scadán cosbhuí]] | [[Íomhá:Larus michahellis LC0046.jpg|center|128px]] | Larus michahellis | [[:commons:Category:Larus michahellis|Larus michahellis]] | | 130 ceintiméadar | 28 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 194 | Q2735427 | [[Faoileán Heuglin|faoileán Sibéarach]] | [[Íomhá:Heuglis Gull-Arpit.JPG|center|128px]] | Larus heuglini | [[:commons:Category:Larus fuscus heuglini|Larus fuscus heuglini]] | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 195 | Q742574 | [[feadlacha aghaidhbhán]] | [[Íomhá:Dendrocygna viduata (Vincent Vos).jpg|center|128px]] | Dendrocygna viduata | [[:commons:Category:Dendrocygna viduata|Dendrocygna viduata]] | 36 gram<br/>674 gram | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 196 | Q378192 | [[feadlacha na nIndiacha Thiar]] | [[Íomhá:West Indian Whistling Duck, Bayahibe, Dominican Republic 2017-12-10.jpg|center|128px]] | Dendrocygna arborea | [[:commons:Category:Dendrocygna arborea|Dendrocygna arborea]] | 54 gram | | 30 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 197 | Q752461 | [[feadlacha tharrdhubh]] | [[Íomhá:Black-bellied Whistling Duck, Tobago, Trinidad and Tobago 1.jpg|center|128px]] | Dendrocygna autumnalis | [[:commons:Category:Dendrocygna autumnalis|Dendrocygna autumnalis]] | 831 gram | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 198 | Q21148 | [[feadóg bhuí]] | [[Íomhá:.00 3155 Goldregenpfeifer (Pluvialis apricaria).jpg|center|128px]] | Pluvialis apricaria | [[:commons:Category:Pluvialis apricaria|Pluvialis apricaria]] | 32.8 gram<br/>175 gram | 72 ceintiméadar | 29 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 199 | Q18865 | [[feadóg bhuí Chiúin-Aigéanach]] | [[Íomhá:Pacific Golden Plover - March 4, 2025.jpg|center|128px]] | Pluvialis fulva | [[:commons:Category:Pluvialis fulva|Pluvialis fulva]] | 18 gram<br/>135 gram | 44 ceintiméadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 200 | Q216836 | [[feadóg bhuí Mheiriceánach]] | [[Íomhá:Pluvialis dominica1.jpg|center|128px]] | Pluvialis dominica | [[:commons:Category:Pluvialis dominica|Pluvialis dominica]] | 26 gram<br/>145 gram | 0.62 méadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 201 | Q752485 | [[Feadóg Áiseach|feadóg Chaispeach]] | [[Íomhá:Caspian Plover in Koonthalulam Tamilnadu, India, by Dr. Tejinder Singh Rawal.jpg|center|128px]] | Anarhynchus asiaticus | [[:commons:Category:Charadrius asiaticus|Charadrius asiaticus]] | | 58 ceintiméadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 202 | Q26816 | [[feadóg chladaigh]] | [[Íomhá:Charadrius hiaticula 3 breeding.jpg|center|128px]] | Charadrius hiaticula | [[:commons:Category:Charadrius hiaticula|Charadrius hiaticula]] | 10.9 gram | 0.41 méadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 203 | Q752398 | [[Pilibín Indiach|feadóg dheargsprochallach]] | [[Íomhá:Red-wattled Lapwing denoised.jpg|center|128px]] | Vanellus indicus | [[:commons:Category:Vanellus indicus|Vanellus indicus]] | | 0.683 méadar | 28 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 204 | Q827245 | [[feadóg earrbhán]] | [[Íomhá:Vanellus leucurus, Ag-Gel National Park.jpg|center|128px]] | Vanellus leucurus | [[:commons:Category:Vanellus leucurus|Vanellus leucurus]] | | 62.5 ceintiméadar | 22 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 205 | Q18857 | [[feadóg ghainimh mhór]] | [[Íomhá:2024-07-26 Anarhynchus leschenaultii leschenaultii, Newbiggin, Northumberland 1.jpg|center|128px]] | Charadrius leschenaultii | [[:commons:Category:Charadrius leschenaultii|Charadrius leschenaultii]] | | 52 ceintiméadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 206 | Q18835 | [[feadóg ghlas]] | [[Íomhá:Pluvialis squatarola (summer plumage).jpg|center|128px]] | Pluvialis squatarola | [[:commons:Category:Pluvialis squatarola|Pluvialis squatarola]] | | 77 ceintiméadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 207 | Q755737 | [[feadóg ghlórach]] | [[Íomhá:Juvenile killdeer.jpg|center|128px]] | Charadrius vociferus | [[:commons:Category:Charadrius vociferus|Charadrius vociferus]] | | 61 ceintiméadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 208 | Q468009 | [[feadóg mhionbhosach]] | [[Íomhá:Semipalmated plover in Quogue (26942).jpg|center|128px]] | Charadrius semipalmatus | [[:commons:Category:Charadrius semipalmatus|Charadrius semipalmatus]] | | 47.5 ceintiméadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 209 | Q18851 | [[feadóigín chladaigh]] | [[Íomhá:Charadrius dubius (49820761043).jpg|center|128px]] | Charadrius dubius | [[:commons:Category:Charadrius dubius|Charadrius dubius]] | 7.7 gram | 45 ceintiméadar | 24 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 210 | Q18855 | [[feadóigín chosdubh]] | [[Íomhá:Charadrius alexandrinus - Kentish Plover 03.jpg|center|128px]] | Charadrius alexandrinus | [[:commons:Category:Charadrius alexandrinus|Charadrius alexandrinus]] | 47 gram | 42.5 ceintiméadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 211 | Q25405 | [[Caróg liath|feannóg]] | [[Íomhá:Corvus cornix (33515567265).jpg|center|128px]] | Corvus cornix | [[:commons:Category:Corvus cornix|Corvus cornix]] | | 98 ceintiméadar | 18 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 212 | Q168514 | [[Fearán Eorpach|fearán]] | [[Íomhá:2015-05-21 Streptopelia turtur, Sutton Bank, Yorkshire 06.jpg|center|128px]] | Streptopelia turtur | [[:commons:Category:Streptopelia turtur|Streptopelia turtur]] | 8.2 gram<br/>136 gram | 50 ceintiméadar | 15 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 213 | Q54696 | [[fearán baicdhubh]] | [[Íomhá:Eurasian Collared Dove Streptopelia decaocto by Dr. Raju Kasambe DSCN2357 (3).jpg|center|128px]] | Streptopelia decaocto | [[:commons:Category:Streptopelia decaocto|Streptopelia decaocto]] | 9.2 gram<br/>193 gram | 30 ceintiméadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 214 | Q750027 | [[fearán gubhach]] | [[Íomhá:Mourning dove perched (61179).jpg|center|128px]] | Zenaida macroura | [[:commons:Category:Zenaida macroura|Zenaida macroura]] | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 215 | Q391198 | [[Colm gáiriteach|fearán pailme]] | [[Íomhá:140 Laughing dove in Twyfelfontein Photo by Giles Laurent.jpg|center|128px]] | Spilopelia senegalensis | [[:commons:Category:Spilopelia senegalensis|Spilopelia senegalensis]] | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 216 | Q25357 | [[fiach dubh]] | [[Íomhá:Common Raven (Corvus corax) (11793963694).jpg|center|128px]] | Corvus corax | [[:commons:Category:Corvus corax|Corvus corax]] | 689 gram<br/>1625 gram<br/>1041 gram<br/>25 gram | 120 ceintiméadar<br/>150 ceintiméadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 217 | Q25393 | [[filiméala]] | [[Íomhá:Luscinia megarhynchos - Common nightingale - Nachtegaal.jpg|center|128px]] | Luscinia megarhynchos | [[:commons:Category:Luscinia megarhynchos|Luscinia megarhynchos]] | 2.65 gram | 24 ceintiméadar | 14 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 218 | Q206130 | [[filiméala smólaigh]] | [[Íomhá:Luscinia luscinia vogelartinfo chris romeiks CHR3635.jpg|center|128px]] | Luscinia luscinia | [[:commons:Category:Luscinia luscinia|Luscinia luscinia]] | 3.06 gram | | 13 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 219 | Q192058 | [[foitheach cluasach]] | [[Íomhá:Podiceps auritus (13909575538) (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | Podiceps auritus | [[:commons:Category:Podiceps auritus|Podiceps auritus]] | 22.5 gram<br/>449.5 gram | 62 ceintiméadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 220 | Q579718 | [[foitheach gob-alabhreac]] | [[Íomhá:Pied-billed Grebe (53638106406) (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | Podilymbus podiceps | [[:commons:Category:Podilymbus podiceps|Podilymbus podiceps]] | 20.5 gram<br/>522 gram<br/>358 gram | 54 ceintiméadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 221 | Q25422 | [[foitheach mór]] | [[Íomhá:Great Crested Grebe (52909695022).jpg|center|128px]] | Podiceps cristatus | [[:commons:Category:Podiceps cristatus|Podiceps cristatus]] | 39.5 gram<br/>920 gram<br/>830 gram | 88 ceintiméadar | 28 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 222 | Q185183 | [[foitheach píbdhubh]] | [[Íomhá:Eared Grebe, breeding plumage (33774036404).jpg|center|128px]] | Podiceps nigricollis | [[:commons:Category:Podiceps nigricollis|Podiceps nigricollis]] | | 58 ceintiméadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 223 | Q179919 | [[foitheach píbrua]] | [[Íomhá:Podiceps grisegena (33665871935).jpg|center|128px]] | Podiceps grisegena | [[:commons:Category:Podiceps grisegena|Podiceps grisegena]] | 30.5 gram<br/>873.5 gram<br/>785.4 gram | 0.725 méadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 224 | Q21062 | [[foracha]] | [[Íomhá:Guillemot (Uria aalge) in flight.jpg|center|128px]] | Uria aalge | [[:commons:Category:Uria aalge|Uria aalge]] | 108 gram | 0.707 méadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 225 | Q212055 | [[foracha dhubh]] | [[Íomhá:Tystie1.jpg|center|128px]] | Cepphus grylle | [[:commons:Category:Cepphus grylle|Cepphus grylle]] | 381 gram | 55 ceintiméadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 226 | Q285165 | [[Francolin dubh|francóilín dubh]] | [[Íomhá:Francolinus francolinus, Azerbaijan.jpg|center|128px]] | Francolinus francolinus | [[:commons:Category:Francolinus francolinus|Francolinus francolinus]] | 425 gram<br/>355 gram | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 227 | Q25961 | [[Alauda arvensis|fuiseog]] | [[Íomhá:Alouette des champs Zaghouan001.jpg|center|128px]] | Alauda arvensis | [[:commons:Category:Alauda arvensis|Alauda arvensis]] | | 0.35 méadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 228 | Q207249 | [[fuiseog adharcach]] | [[Íomhá:Eremophila alpestris flava, Blyth 3.jpg|center|128px]] | Eremophila alpestris | [[:commons:Category:Eremophila alpestris|Eremophila alpestris]] | | 32 ceintiméadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 229 | Q470853 | [[Fuiseog chalandra|fuiseog aithriseach]] | [[Íomhá:Bereşe.jpg|center|128px]] | Melanocorypha calandra | [[:commons:Category:Melanocorypha calandra|Melanocorypha calandra]] | 63 gram<br/>55 gram | | 12 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 230 | Q1137284 | [[fuiseog bháneiteach]] | [[Íomhá:White-winged Lark - Kazakistan S4E0496 (16947462615).jpg|center|128px]] | Alauda leucoptera | [[:commons:Category:Alauda leucoptera|Alauda leucoptera]] | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 231 | Q26969 | [[fuiseog choille]] | [[Íomhá:Lullula arborea (Ján Svetlík).jpg|center|128px]] | Lullula arborea | [[:commons:Category:Lullula arborea|Lullula arborea]] | | 29 ceintiméadar | 14 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 232 | Q318893 | [[Fuiseog Elton|fuiseog dhubh]] | [[Íomhá:Zwarte leeuwerik.jpg|center|128px]] | Melanocorypha yeltoniensis | [[:commons:Category:Melanocorypha yeltoniensis|Melanocorypha yeltoniensis]] | 4.34 gram<br/>63.7 gram<br/>56.4 gram | | 15 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 233 | Q819885 | [[fuiseog dhébhallach]] | [[Íomhá:Melanocorypha bimaculata 117209398.jpg|center|128px]] | Melanocorypha bimaculata | [[:commons:Category:Melanocorypha bimaculata|Melanocorypha bimaculata]] | 4.04 gram<br/>54 gram | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 234 | Q24843 | [[fuiseog ladharghearr]] | [[Íomhá:Alondra.jpg|center|128px]] | Calandrella brachydactyla | [[:commons:Category:Calandrella brachydactyla|Calandrella brachydactyla]] | | | 12 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 235 | Q525871 | [[fuiseog oirthearach]] | [[Íomhá:Oriental Lark (49172375968).jpg|center|128px]] | Alauda gulgula | [[:commons:Category:Alauda gulgula|Alauda gulgula]] | | | 10 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 236 | Q25429 | [[fáinleog]] | [[Íomhá:Barn Swallow (95504589).jpeg|center|128px]] | Hirundo rustica | [[:commons:Category:Hirundo rustica|Hirundo rustica]] | | 0.32 méadar | 13.5 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 237 | Q26055 | [[gabhlán binne]] | [[Íomhá:Delichon urbica.jpg|center|128px]] | Delichon urbicum | [[:commons:Category:Delichon urbicum|Delichon urbicum]] | | 0.29 méadar | 15 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 238 | Q165923 | [[gabhlán bánlíoch]] | [[Íomhá:Apus pallidus -Greece-8.jpg|center|128px]] | Apus pallidus | [[:commons:Category:Apus pallidus|Apus pallidus]] | 3.5 gram<br/>41.3 gram | 0.44 méadar | 22 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 239 | Q213216 | [[gabhlán creige Eoráiseach]] | [[Íomhá:Ptyonoprogne rupestris -Europe-8.jpg|center|128px]] | Ptyonoprogne rupestris | [[:commons:Category:Ptyonoprogne rupestris|Ptyonoprogne rupestris]] | 2.08 gram<br/>20 gram | 0.32 méadar | 15 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 240 | Q31769 | [[gabhlán earrspíonach]] | [[Íomhá:White-throated Needletail 09a.jpg|center|128px]] | Hirundapus caudacutus | [[:commons:Category:Hirundapus caudacutus|Hirundapus caudacutus]] | | | 40 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 241 | Q25909 | [[gabhlán gainimh]] | [[Íomhá:Riparia riparia -Markinch, Fife, Scotland -flying-8-4c.jpg|center|128px]] | Riparia riparia | [[:commons:Category:Riparia riparia|Riparia riparia]] | | 0.27 méadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 242 | Q25377 | [[gabhlán gaoithe]] | [[Íomhá:Common Swift 2025 07 18 02 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | Apus apus | [[:commons:Category:Apus apus|Apus apus]] | 3.5 gram | 0.4 méadar | 20 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 243 | Q321267 | [[Gabhlán Alpach|gabhlán gaoithe alpach]] | [[Íomhá:Alpine. Swift at kattampally.jpg|center|128px]] | Tachymarptis melba | [[:commons:Category:Tachymarptis melba|Tachymarptis melba]] | 6.05 gram<br/>96 gram | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 244 | Q611324 | [[Gabhlán beag|gabhlán gaoithe beag]] | [[Íomhá:Little Swift - Aberdares - Kenya.jpg|center|128px]] | Apus affinis | [[:commons:Category:Apus affinis|Apus affinis]] | | | 23 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 245 | Q912863 | [[gabhlán simléir]] | [[Íomhá:Chaetura pelagica, by Lake Erie, Cleveland, Ohio, USA 339593191.jpg|center|128px]] | Chaetura pelagica | [[:commons:Category:Chaetura pelagica|Chaetura pelagica]] | 23.6 gram | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 246 | Q128002 | [[gaineamhchearc Pallas]] | [[Íomhá:Syrrhapte paradoxal (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | Syrrhaptes paradoxus | [[:commons:Category:Syrrhaptes paradoxus|Syrrhaptes paradoxus]] | 21 gram | 69 ceintiméadar | 24 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 247 | Q18875 | [[Geabhróg choiteann|geabhróg]] | [[Íomhá:Common tern 2025 07 08 08.jpg|center|128px]] | Sterna hirundo | [[:commons:Category:Sterna hirundo|Sterna hirundo]] | | 0.88 méadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 248 | Q26800 | [[geabhróg Artach]] | [[Íomhá:00 3786. Küstenseeschwalbe.jpg|center|128px]] | Sterna paradisaea | [[:commons:Category:Sterna paradisaea|Sterna paradisaea]] | 114 gram | 0.8 méadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 249 | Q12267692 | [[geabhróg bheag]] | [[Íomhá:Sternula albifrons - Boat Harbour.jpg|center|128px]] | Sternula albifrons | [[:commons:Category:Sternula albifrons|Sternula albifrons]] | 10 gram<br/>57 gram | 0.52 méadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 250 | Q233616 | [[geabhróg bhroinndubh]] | [[Íomhá:Chlidonias hybrida 2 (Marek Szczepanek).jpg|center|128px]] | Chlidonias hybrida | [[:commons:Category:Chlidonias hybrida|Chlidonias hybrida]] | 90 gram<br/>78 gram | 67 ceintiméadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 251 | Q241753 | [[geabhróg bháneiteach]] | [[Íomhá:Chlidonias leucopterus Mai Po.jpg|center|128px]] | Chlidonias leucopterus | [[:commons:Category:Chlidonias leucopterus|Chlidonias leucopterus]] | 10.5 gram | 0.65 méadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 252 | Q27129 | [[geabhróg Chaispeach]] | [[Íomhá:Sterna-caspia-010.jpg|center|128px]] | Hydroprogne caspia | [[:commons:Category:Hydroprogne caspia|Hydroprogne caspia]] | 680 gram<br/>588 gram | 133.5 ceintiméadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 253 | Q27215 | [[geabhróg dhubh]] | [[Íomhá:Chlidonias niger.jpg|center|128px]] | Chlidonias niger | [[:commons:Category:Chlidonias niger|Chlidonias niger]] | 11 gram<br/>60 gram | 0.539 méadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 254 | Q18834 | [[geabhróg ghobdhubh]] | [[Íomhá:Gelochelidon nilotica 1.jpg|center|128px]] | Gelochelidon nilotica | [[:commons:Category:Gelochelidon nilotica|Gelochelidon nilotica]] | | 94 ceintiméadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 255 | Q321293 | [[geabhróg rósach]] | [[Íomhá:2020-07-18 Sterna dougallii, St Marys Island, Northumberland 19.jpg|center|128px]] | Sterna dougallii | [[:commons:Category:Sterna dougallii|Sterna dougallii]] | | 76 ceintiméadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 256 | Q27547 | [[geabhróg scothdhubh]] | [[Íomhá:2020-07-18 Thalasseus sandvicensis, St Marys Island, Northumberland 05.jpg|center|128px]] | Thalasseus sandvicensis | [[:commons:Category:Thalasseus sandvicensis|Thalasseus sandvicensis]] | | 1 méadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 257 | Q14683 | [[gealbhan binne]] | [[Íomhá:House Sparrow, England - May 09.jpg|center|128px]] | Passer domesticus | [[:commons:Category:Passer domesticus|Passer domesticus]] | | 239 millimetre | |- | style='text-align:right'| 258 | Q25968 | [[gealbhan crainn]] | [[Íomhá:Eurasian Tree Sparrow (3352252620).jpg|center|128px]] | Passer montanus | [[:commons:Category:Passer montanus|Passer montanus]] | | 21 ceintiméadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 259 | Q736313 | [[Gealbhan petronia|gealbhan creige]] | [[Íomhá:Petronia petronia -Ariege, Midi-Pyrenee, France-8-4c.jpg|center|128px]] | Petronia petronia | [[:commons:Category:Petronia petronia|Petronia petronia]] | | | 12 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 260 | Q1318638 | [[Gealbhan ladharghearr|gealbhan mílítheach]] | [[Íomhá:Carpospiza brachydactyla.jpg|center|128px]] | Carpospiza brachydactyla | [[:commons:Category:Carpospiza brachydactyla|Carpospiza brachydactyla]] | | | 13 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 261 | Q422873 | [[gealbhan sionnaigh]] | [[Íomhá:Fuchsammer (Passerella iliaca), St. Louis County (Minnesota).jpg|center|128px]] | Passerella iliaca | [[:commons:Category:Passerella iliaca|Passerella iliaca]] | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 262 | Q499290 | [[Glasán gléigeal|gealbhan sneachta]] | [[Íomhá:Montifringilla nivalis Francer.jpg|center|128px]] | Montifringilla nivalis | [[:commons:Category:Montifringilla nivalis|Montifringilla nivalis]] | | | 13 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 263 | Q466200 | [[Gealbhan Easpáinneach|gealbhan Spáinneach]] | [[Íomhá:Passer hispaniolensis -Canary Islands, Spain -female-8 (1).jpg|center|128px]] | Passer hispaniolensis | [[:commons:Category:Passer hispaniolensis|Passer hispaniolensis]] | | | 12 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 264 | Q27220 | [[gealóg bhuachair]] | [[Íomhá:Miliaria calandra-Corn Bunting.jpg|center|128px]] | Emberiza calandra | [[:commons:Category:Emberiza calandra|Emberiza calandra]] | | 29 ceintiméadar | 13 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 265 | Q334183 | [[gealóg cheanndubh]] | [[Íomhá:28-090504-black-headed-bunting-at-first-layby.jpg|center|128px]] | Emberiza melanocephala | [[:commons:Category:Emberiza melanocephala|Emberiza melanocephala]] | 3.08 gram<br/>28 gram | | 13 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 266 | Q842599 | [[Gealbhan ceoil|Gealóg cheoil]] | [[Íomhá:Song sparrow in Prospect Park (93031).jpg|center|128px]] | Melospiza melodia | [[:commons:Category:Melospiza melodia|Melospiza melodia]] | 24 gram | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 267 | Q206630 | [[gealóg gharraí]] | [[Íomhá:Ortolan bunting in Sierra de Guara, Aragon, Spain.jpg|center|128px]] | Emberiza hortulana | [[:commons:Category:Emberiza hortulana|Emberiza hortulana]] | 2.48 gram | 26 ceintiméadar | 11 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 268 | Q26961 | [[gealóg ghiolcaí]] | [[Íomhá:2014-06-01 Emberiza schoeniclus, Swallow Pond, Northumberland 1.jpg|center|128px]] | Emberiza schoeniclus | [[:commons:Category:Emberiza schoeniclus|Emberiza schoeniclus]] | | 24 ceintiméadar | 13 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 269 | Q837753 | [[Gealóg Chretzschmar|gealóg liathghorm]] | [[Íomhá:Emberiza caesia Naumann.jpg|center|128px]] | Emberiza caesia | [[:commons:Category:Emberiza caesia|Emberiza caesia]] | 2.31 gram | | 13 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 270 | Q648313 | [[Gealóg Bhuchanan|gealóg liathmhuinceach]] | [[Íomhá:GreyNeckedBunting PrasadBR.jpg|center|128px]] | Emberiza buchanani | [[:commons:Category:Emberiza buchanani|Emberiza buchanani]] | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 271 | Q26416 | [[gealóg shneachta]] | [[Íomhá:Plectrophenax nivalis P3130099.jpg|center|128px]] | Plectrophenax nivalis | [[:commons:Category:Plectrophenax nivalis|Plectrophenax nivalis]] | | 35 ceintiméadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 272 | Q28358 | [[Gearg choiteann|gearg]] | [[Íomhá:Coturnix coturnix, Fraunberg, Bayern, Deutschland 2, Ausschnitt.jpg|center|128px]] | Coturnix coturnix | [[:commons:Category:Coturnix coturnix|Coturnix coturnix]] | 8.2 gram | 34 ceintiméadar | 18 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 273 | Q142651 | [[gearg bhabaight]] | [[Íomhá:071 - NORTHERN BOBWHITE (1-15-09) falcon lake st park, tx (8718708333).jpg|center|128px]] | Colinus virginianus | [[:commons:Category:Colinus virginianus|Colinus virginianus]] | 8.9 gram<br/>171 gram | 34.5 ceintiméadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 274 | Q852146 | [[gearg Himiléach]] | [[Íomhá:Ophrysia superciliosa hm.jpg|center|128px]] | Ophrysia superciliosa | [[:commons:Category:Ophrysia superciliosa|Ophrysia superciliosa]] | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 275 | Q716869 | [[gearg Sheapánach]] | [[Íomhá:Coturnix japonica, Yehliu, Taiwan 1.jpg|center|128px]] | Coturnix japonica | [[:commons:Category:Coturnix japonica|Coturnix japonica]] | 8 gram | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 276 | Q237670 | [[gearr Baillon]] | [[Íomhá:Baillon's Crake in Baruipur February 2024 by Tisha Mukherjee 03.jpg|center|128px]] | Zapornia pusilla | [[:commons:Category:Zapornia pusilla|Zapornia pusilla]] | 35 gram | | 18 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 277 | Q270680 | [[gearr beag]] | [[Íomhá:Porzana parva (50).jpg|center|128px]] | Zapornia parva | [[:commons:Category:Zapornia parva|Zapornia parva]] | 7.9 gram | 36.5 ceintiméadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 278 | Q194024 | [[gearr breac]] | [[Íomhá:Porzana porzana 3 (Marek Szczepanek).jpg|center|128px]] | Porzana porzana | [[:commons:Category:Porzana porzana|Porzana porzana]] | 10.9 gram<br/>80 gram | 0.38 méadar | 18 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 279 | Q936740 | [[gearr sora]] | [[Íomhá:Sora (Porzana carolina).jpg|center|128px]] | Porzana carolina | [[:commons:Category:Porzana carolina|Porzana carolina]] | 8.9 gram | 37.5 ceintiméadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 280 | Q110257516 | [[Gilphíb choiteann|Gilphíb]] | [[Íomhá:Dorngrasmücke im Geo-Naturpark Bergstraße-Odenwald.jpg|center|128px]] | Curruca communis | [[:commons:Category:Curruca communis|Curruca communis]] | 1.78 gram<br/>14.5 gram | 20 ceintiméadar | 12 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 281 | Q110257504 | [[Gilphíb bheag]] | [[Íomhá:Klappergrasmücke (Curruca curruca) 3, Filey, North Yorkshire.jpg|center|128px]] | Curruca curruca | [[:commons:Category:Curruca curruca|Curruca curruca]] | | 18 ceintiméadar | 11 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 282 | Q27075785 | [[glasán darach]] | [[Íomhá:Carduelis chloris Oulu 20120507.JPG|center|128px]] | Chloris chloris | [[:commons:Category:Chloris chloris|Chloris chloris]] | 2.17 gram | 0.25 méadar | 14 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 283 | Q559977 | [[Glasán cródheargach|glasán deargeiteach]] | [[Íomhá:Crimson-winged Finch (Rhodopechys sanguineus) (29935889654) (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | Rhodopechys sanguineus | [[:commons:Category:Rhodopechys sanguineus|Rhodopechys sanguineus]] | | | 14 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 284 | Q174088 | [[glasán gobmhór]] | [[Íomhá:Coccothraustes coccothraustes 1 (Marek Szczepanek).jpg|center|128px]] | Coccothraustes coccothraustes | [[:commons:Category:Coccothraustes coccothraustes|Coccothraustes coccothraustes]] | | 31 ceintiméadar | 12 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 285 | Q921335 | [[glasán Mongólach]] | [[Íomhá:BirdsAsiaJohnGoVGoul 0128 cropped.jpg|center|128px]] | Bucanetes mongolicus | [[:commons:Category:Bucanetes mongolicus|Bucanetes mongolicus]] | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 286 | Q559883 | [[Glasán cogalach|glasán trumpa]] | [[Íomhá:Bucanetes githagineus amantum 1.jpg|center|128px]] | Bucanetes githagineus | [[:commons:Category:Bucanetes githagineus|Bucanetes githagineus]] | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 287 | Q25984 | [[glasóg bhuí]] | [[Íomhá:Schafstelze - Auenlandschaft Hohenrode HA 222 Landkreis Schaumburg.jpg|center|128px]] | Motacilla flava | [[:commons:Category:Motacilla flava|Motacilla flava]] | | 0.26 méadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 288 | Q25399 | [[glasóg bhán]] | [[Íomhá:20180415 015 Winterswijk Witte kwikstaart (40785272624).jpg|center|128px]] | Motacilla alba | [[:commons:Category:Motacilla alba|Motacilla alba]] | | 0.26 méadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 289 | Q206540 | [[glasóg chiotrónach]] | [[Íomhá:Citrine Wagtail (Motacilla citreola)- Breeding Male of calcarata race at Bharatpur I IMG 5752.jpg|center|128px]] | Motacilla citreola | [[:commons:Category:Motacilla citreola|Motacilla citreola]] | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 290 | Q201316 | [[glasóg liath]] | [[Íomhá:Grey Wagtail Motacilla cinerea (39682090233).jpg|center|128px]] | Motacilla cinerea | [[:commons:Category:Motacilla cinerea|Motacilla cinerea]] | 1.91 gram<br/>17.4 gram | 26 ceintiméadar | 13 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 291 | Q27075852 | [[gleoiseach]] | [[Íomhá:Carduelis cannabina -England -male-8.jpg|center|128px]] | Linaria cannabina | [[:commons:Category:Linaria cannabina|Linaria cannabina]] | 1.66 gram<br/>19 gram | 0.24 méadar | 13 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 292 | Q582976 | [[Glaséan súildearg|Gleoiseach shúildearg]] | [[Íomhá:Vireo olivaceus -Madison -Wisconsin -USA-8.jpg|center|128px]] | Vireo olivaceus | [[:commons:Category:Vireo olivaceus|Vireo olivaceus]] | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 293 | Q10965357 | [[gleoiseach sléibhe]] | [[Íomhá:Carduelis flavirostris.jpg|center|128px]] | Linaria flavirostris | [[:commons:Category:Linaria flavirostris|Linaria flavirostris]] | 1.37 gram | 23 ceintiméadar | 13 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 294 | Q839834 | [[gobach mór broinnrósach]] | [[Íomhá:Pheucticus ludovicianus CT2.jpg|center|128px]] | Pheucticus ludovicianus | [[:commons:Category:Pheucticus ludovicianus|Pheucticus ludovicianus]] | 44 gram | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 295 | Q788649 | [[gobadáinín Baird]] | [[Íomhá:Baird's sandpiper (Calidris bairdii) 03.jpg|center|128px]] | Calidris bairdii | [[:commons:Category:Calidris bairdii|Calidris bairdii]] | 9.6 gram | 38 ceintiméadar | 21 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 296 | Q27232 | [[gobadáinín beag]] | [[Íomhá:Little Stint (Calidris minuta) (1).jpg|center|128px]] | Calidris minuta | [[:commons:Category:Calidris minuta|Calidris minuta]] | 6.3 gram<br/>24 gram<br/>27.1 gram | 36 ceintiméadar | 22 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 297 | Q913052 | [[gobadáinín bídeach]] | [[Íomhá:Least Sandpiper.jpg|center|128px]] | Calidris minutilla | [[:commons:Category:Calidris minutilla|Calidris minutilla]] | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 298 | Q62345 | [[gobadáinín crotaigh]] | [[Íomhá:Calidris ferruginea (Marek Szczepanek).jpg|center|128px]] | Calidris ferruginea | [[:commons:Category:Calidris ferruginea|Calidris ferruginea]] | 12 gram | 44 ceintiméadar | 19 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 299 | Q845969 | [[gobadáinín ladharfhada]] | [[Íomhá:Calidris subminuta - Pak Thale.jpg|center|128px]] | Calidris subminuta | [[:commons:Category:Calidris subminuta|Calidris subminuta]] | 7.5 gram<br/>29 gram<br/>32 gram | 30.5 ceintiméadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 300 | Q18860 | [[gobadáinín píbrua]] | [[Íomhá:Calidris ruficollis - Marion Bay.jpg|center|128px]] | Calidris ruficollis | [[:commons:Category:Calidris ruficollis|Calidris ruficollis]] | 8.3 gram<br/>26 gram | 31 ceintiméadar | 21 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 301 | Q58921 | [[gobadáinín Temminck]] | [[Íomhá:Temminck's Stint in Bakkhali September 2025 by Tisha Mukherjee 02.jpg|center|128px]] | Calidris temminckii | [[:commons:Category:Calidris temminckii|Calidris temminckii]] | 5.8 gram<br/>24.3 gram<br/>27.8 gram | 36 ceintiméadar | 21 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 302 | Q18850 | [[Gobadán coiteann|gobadán]] | [[Íomhá:Actitis hypoleucos - Laem Pak Bia.jpg|center|128px]] | Actitis hypoleucos | [[:commons:Category:Actitis hypoleucos|Actitis hypoleucos]] | | 0.273 méadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 303 | Q599749 | [[gobadán bánphrompach]] | [[Íomhá:Calidris fuscicollis.jpg|center|128px]] | Calidris fuscicollis | [[:commons:Category:Calidris fuscicollis|Calidris fuscicollis]] | 10.8 gram<br/>39.7 gram<br/>45.8 gram | 37 ceintiméadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 304 | Q18837 | [[gobadán coille]] | [[Íomhá:Liro uimarannalla.jpg|center|128px]] | Tringa glareola | [[:commons:Category:Tringa glareola|Tringa glareola]] | 13.5 gram<br/>62 gram<br/>73 gram | 0.4 méadar | 22 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 305 | Q62359 | [[gobadán cosbhuí]] | [[Íomhá:Purple Sandpiper ( Calidris maritima ) ... Filey Brig , Yorkshire (53266204391).jpg|center|128px]] | Calidris maritima | [[:commons:Category:Calidris maritima|Calidris maritima]] | 67.6 gram<br/>76.3 gram | 44 ceintiméadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 306 | Q753760 | [[gobadán earr-rinneach]] | [[Íomhá:Calidris acuminata - Hexham Swamp.jpg|center|128px]] | Calidris acuminata | [[:commons:Category:Calidris acuminata|Calidris acuminata]] | 13.7 gram<br/>70.3 gram<br/>63.5 gram | 39.5 ceintiméadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 307 | Q28450 | [[gobadán glas]] | [[Íomhá:Green Sandpiper ( Tringa ochropus ) ... Tophill Low , Yorkshire (53182606905).jpg|center|128px]] | Tringa ochropus | [[:commons:Category:Tringa ochropus|Tringa ochropus]] | 15.5 gram<br/>75 gram<br/>85 gram | 59 ceintiméadar | 21 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 308 | Q28114227 | [[Gobadán gobleathan]] | [[Íomhá:Broad billed sandpiper by Sreedev Puthur.jpg|center|128px]] | Calidris falcinellus | [[:commons:Category:Calidris falcinellus|Calidris falcinellus]] | 9.1 gram<br/>37 gram | 36.5 ceintiméadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 309 | Q839820 | [[gobadán scodalach]] | [[Íomhá:Stilt Sandpiper (29065008787).jpg|center|128px]] | Calidris himantopus | [[:commons:Category:Calidris himantopus|Calidris himantopus]] | | 42.5 ceintiméadar | 20 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 310 | Q530194 | [[gobadán sléibhe]] | [[Íomhá:Bartramia longicauda Orangeburg 1.jpg|center|128px]] | Bartramia longicauda | [[:commons:Category:Bartramia longicauda|Bartramia longicauda]] | | 66 ceintiméadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 311 | Q18856 | [[gobadán Terek]] | [[Íomhá:Xenus cinereus (Alnus).jpg|center|128px]] | Xenus cinereus | [[:commons:Category:Xenus cinereus|Xenus cinereus]] | | 58 ceintiméadar | 23 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 312 | Q26578 | [[gormphíb]] | [[Íomhá:Blåhake - bluethroat (Luscinia svecica)-5 - Flickr - Ragnhild & Neil Crawford.jpg|center|128px]] | Luscinia svecica | [[:commons:Category:Luscinia svecica|Luscinia svecica]] | | 22 ceintiméadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 313 | Q191683 | [[grús coimir]] | [[Íomhá:Demoiselle Cranes at Tal Chappar.jpg|center|128px]] | Anthropoides virgo | [[:commons:Category:Grus virgo|Grus virgo]] | | 167.5 ceintiméadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 314 | Q4764 | [[grús coiteann]] | [[Íomhá:2017.07.04.-01-Wendisch Rietz--Kranich.jpg|center|128px]] | Grus grus | [[:commons:Category:Grus grus|Grus grus]] | | 2.22 méadar | 30 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 315 | Q457477 | [[grús Meiriceánach]] | [[Íomhá:Grus americana Sasata.jpg|center|128px]] | Grus americana | [[:commons:Category:Grus americana|Grus americana]] | 7.497 cileagram | 215 ceintiméadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 316 | Q21949185 | [[grús Sibéarach]] | [[Íomhá:Schneekranich Grus leucogeranus 090501 We 147.JPG|center|128px]] | Leucogeranus leucogeranus | [[:commons:Category:Grus leucogeranus|Grus leucogeranus]] | 197 gram | 235 ceintiméadar | 29 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 317 | Q27461 | [[guairdeall]] | [[Íomhá:Hydrobates pelagicus.jpg|center|128px]] | Hydrobates pelagicus | [[:commons:Category:Hydrobates pelagicus|Hydrobates pelagicus]] | | 38 ceintiméadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 318 | Q18841 | [[guilbneach earrdhubh]] | [[Íomhá:.00 2789 Uferschnepfe (Limosa limosa).jpg|center|128px]] | Limosa limosa | [[:commons:Category:Limosa limosa|Limosa limosa]] | 39 gram<br/>264 gram<br/>315 gram | 76 ceintiméadar | 23 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 319 | Q283458 | [[Cnota mór|guilbneach Hudsúnach]] | [[Íomhá:Hudsonian Godwit - Churchill - Canada 01 (15657156459).jpg|center|128px]] | Limosa haemastica | [[:commons:Category:Limosa haemastica|Limosa haemastica]] | 37.5 gram<br/>222 gram<br/>289 gram | 73 ceintiméadar | 23 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 320 | Q18864 | [[guilbneach stríocearrach]] | [[Íomhá:Bar-tailed Godwit.jpg|center|128px]] | Limosa lapponica | [[:commons:Category:Limosa lapponica|Limosa lapponica]] | 313 gram<br/>354 gram | 0.73 méadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 321 | Q371633 | [[guilbnín gobghearr]] | [[Íomhá:Short-billed Dowitcher breeding RWD.jpg|center|128px]] | Limnodromus griseus | [[:commons:Category:Limnodromus griseus|Limnodromus griseus]] | 113 gram | 48 ceintiméadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 322 | Q83020448 | [[Seaga|Gulosus aristotelis]] | [[Íomhá:Shag Phalacrocorax aristotelis.jpg|center|128px]] | Gulosus aristotelis | [[:commons:Category:Gulosus aristotelis|Gulosus aristotelis]] | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 323 | Q177856 | [[Bultúr gríofa|Gyps fulvus]] | [[Íomhá:Gyps fulvus -Basque Country-8.jpg|center|128px]] | Gyps fulvus | [[:commons:Category:Gyps fulvus|Gyps fulvus]] | 252 gram<br/>8.328 cileagram | 2.591 méadar | 54 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 324 | Q212937 | [[gé alabhreac chosbhuí]] | [[Íomhá:Magpie goose.jpg|center|128px]] | Anseranas semipalmata | [[:commons:Category:Anseranas semipalmata|Anseranas semipalmata]] | 128 gram | 155 ceintiméadar<br/>145 ceintiméadar | 28 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 325 | Q187852 | [[gé bhroinnrua]] | [[Íomhá:Brantha ruficollis In Taimyr Reserve.jpg|center|128px]] | Branta ruficollis | [[:commons:Category:Branta ruficollis|Branta ruficollis]] | 1.095 cileagram<br/>90 gram<br/>1.375 cileagram | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 326 | Q172093 | [[gé bhánéadanach]] | [[Íomhá:2020-03-04 Anser albifrons flavirostris, Gosforth Park, Northumberland 07.jpg|center|128px]] | Anser albifrons | [[:commons:Category:Anser albifrons|Anser albifrons]] | | 1.41 méadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 327 | Q26733 | [[gé Cheanadach]] | [[Íomhá:Bernaches du Canada 02.jpg|center|128px]] | Branta canadensis | [[:commons:Category:Branta canadensis|Branta canadensis]] | 3.814 cileagram<br/>3.314 cileagram<br/>5 cileagram | 1.69 méadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 328 | Q26680 | [[gé ghiúrainn]] | [[Íomhá:Barnacle goose (Branta leucopsis).jpg|center|128px]] | Branta leucopsis | [[:commons:Category:Branta leucopsis|Branta leucopsis]] | 107 gram<br/>1.788 cileagram<br/>1.586 cileagram | 1.08 méadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 329 | Q25882 | [[gé ghlas]] | [[Íomhá:00 3688 Graugans (Anser anser).jpg|center|128px]] | Anser anser | [[:commons:Category:Anser anser|Anser anser]] | 160 gram<br/>3.692 cileagram<br/>3.237 cileagram | 1.55 méadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 330 | Q244189 | [[Gé Hutchins|gé ghogallach]] | [[Íomhá:AleutianCanadaGoose2.jpg|center|128px]] | Branta hutchinsii | [[:commons:Category:Branta hutchinsii|Branta hutchinsii]] | | | 26 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 331 | Q658658 | [[gé ghormeiteach Aibisíneach]] | [[Íomhá:Blue-winged goose (Cyanochen cyanoptera).jpg|center|128px]] | Cyanochen cyanoptera | [[:commons:Category:Cyanochen cyanoptera|Cyanochen cyanoptera]] | 52 gram<br/>2.18 cileagram | | 32 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 332 | Q755653 | [[Gé impireach|gé impiriúil]] | [[Íomhá:An emperor goose in flight (53706721602).jpg|center|128px]] | Anser canagicus | [[:commons:Category:Anser canagicus|Anser canagicus]] | | 119 ceintiméadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 333 | Q766276 | [[gé luaithcheannach]] | [[Íomhá:Chloephaga poliocephala -Patagonia-8.jpg|center|128px]] | Chloephaga poliocephala | [[:commons:Category:Chloephaga poliocephala|Chloephaga poliocephala]] | 89 gram<br/>2.233 cileagram | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 334 | Q837402 | [[gé mhongach]] | [[Íomhá:Australian wood duck - male.jpg|center|128px]] | Chenonetta jubata | [[:commons:Category:Chenonetta jubata|Chenonetta jubata]] | 54 gram<br/>807 gram | 79 ceintiméadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 335 | Q129036 | [[gé shléibhe]] | [[Íomhá:Chloephaga picta.jpg|center|128px]] | Chloephaga picta | [[:commons:Category:Chloephaga picta|Chloephaga picta]] | 73 gram<br/>3.17 cileagram<br/>2.69 cileagram | 1.29 méadar | 30 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 336 | Q27074540 | [[gé shneachta]] | [[Íomhá:Snow Goose (24510697391).jpg|center|128px]] | Anser caerulescens | [[:commons:Category:Anser caerulescens|Anser caerulescens]] | 127 gram<br/>2.63 cileagram | 148.5 ceintiméadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 337 | Q247412 | [[gé sporeiteach]] | [[Íomhá:Spur-winged Geese (Plectropterus gambensis niger) male.jpg|center|128px]] | Plectropterus gambensis | [[:commons:Category:Plectropterus gambensis|Plectropterus gambensis]] | 5.4 cileagram<br/>4.375 cileagram<br/>140 gram | | 31 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 338 | Q191125 | [[gé stríoc-cheannach]] | [[Íomhá:Bar-headed Goose by Dr. Raju Kasambe DSCN7530 (23).jpg|center|128px]] | Anser indicus | [[:commons:Category:Anser indicus|Anser indicus]] | 141 gram<br/>2.505 cileagram<br/>2.23 cileagram | 150 ceintiméadar | 28 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 339 | Q257006 | [[gé Thasmánach]] | [[Íomhá:Cereopsis novaehollandiae 2.jpg|center|128px]] | Cereopsis novaehollandiae | [[:commons:Category:Cereopsis novaehollandiae|Cereopsis novaehollandiae]] | 137 gram<br/>5.29 cileagram<br/>3.77 cileagram | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 340 | Q274179 | [[Gé Éigipteach]] | [[Íomhá:Egyptian goose (05659).jpg|center|128px]] | Alopochen aegyptiaca | [[:commons:Category:Alopochen aegyptiaca|Alopochen aegyptiaca]] | | 144 ceintiméadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 341 | Q62168711 | [[Ceolaire casarnaí Pallas|Helopsaltes certhiola]] | [[Íomhá:Pallas's Grasshopper Warbler by Tisha Mukherjee 14.jpg|center|128px]] | Helopsaltes certhiola | [[:commons:Category:Helopsaltes certhiola|Helopsaltes certhiola]] | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 342 | Q25247 | [[húpú]] | [[Íomhá:Common Hoopoe Photograph By Shantanu Kuveskar.jpg|center|128px]] | Upupa epops | [[:commons:Category:Upupa epops|Upupa epops]] | | 44 ceintiméadar | 15 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 343 | Q17970 | [[iabairiú]] | [[Íomhá:Jabiru Mato Grosso Pantanal Brazil-2.jpg|center|128px]] | Jabiru mycteria | [[:commons:Category:Jabiru mycteria|Jabiru mycteria]] | | 245 ceintiméadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 344 | Q232523 | [[Iolar breac beag|iolar beag breac]] | [[Íomhá:Aquila pomarina orlik krzykliwyAM.jpg|center|128px]] | Clanga pomarina | [[:commons:Category:Clanga pomarina|Clanga pomarina]] | 88 gram<br/>1.258 cileagram<br/>1.693 cileagram | | 39 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 345 | Q182971 | [[iolar crúbchlúmhach]] | [[Íomhá:Booted eagle, Hieraaetus pennatus, at Kgalagadi Transfrontier Pa (32334023348).jpg|center|128px]] | Hieraaetus pennatus | [[:commons:Category:Hieraaetus pennatus|Hieraaetus pennatus]] | 62 gram<br/>709 gram<br/>975 gram | 1.11 méadar | 38 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 346 | Q41181 | [[iolar fíréan]] | [[Íomhá:Maakotka (Aquila chrysaetos) by Jarkko Järvinen.jpg|center|128px]] | Aquila chrysaetos | [[:commons:Category:Aquila chrysaetos|Aquila chrysaetos]] | 3.572 cileagram<br/>5.194 cileagram | 2.03 méadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 347 | Q53745 | [[iolar hairpí]] | [[Íomhá:Harpia-harpyja-001.jpg|center|128px]] | Harpia harpyja | [[:commons:Category:Harpia harpyja|Harpia harpyja]] | 4.4 cileagram<br/>7.5 cileagram | 188.5 ceintiméadar | 56 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 348 | Q168976 | [[iolar impiriúil]] | [[Íomhá:Eastern Imperial Eagle cr.jpg|center|128px]] | Aquila heliaca | [[:commons:Category:Aquila heliaca|Aquila heliaca]] | 2.585 cileagram<br/>3.845 cileagram<br/>132 gram | 197.5 ceintiméadar | 44 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 349 | Q170251 | [[Iolar nathartha gearrladhrach|iolar ladharghearr]] | [[Íomhá:Circaetus gallicus - Short-toed snake-eagleı 02-1.jpg|center|128px]] | Circaetus gallicus | [[:commons:Category:Circaetus gallicus|Circaetus gallicus]] | 136 gram | 177 ceintiméadar | 46 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 350 | Q127216 | [[iolar maol]] | [[Íomhá:Bald Eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) Kachemak Bay, Alaska.jpg|center|128px]] | Haliaeetus leucocephalus | [[:commons:Category:Haliaeetus leucocephalus|Haliaeetus leucocephalus]] | 117 gram<br/>4.13 cileagram<br/>5.35 cileagram | 2.3 méadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 351 | Q25438 | [[Iolar mara earrbhán|iolar mara]] | [[Íomhá:Adult White-tailed Eagle defending prey, Rezerwat Gostynin-Wloclawek, Poland.jpg|center|128px]] | Haliaeetus albicilla | [[:commons:Category:Haliaeetus albicilla|Haliaeetus albicilla]] | 142 gram<br/>4.014 cileagram<br/>5.572 cileagram | 2.18 méadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 352 | Q179359 | [[iolar steipeach]] | [[Íomhá:Мангистауская область, степной орёл.jpg|center|128px]] | Aquila nipalensis | [[:commons:Category:Aquila nipalensis|Aquila nipalensis]] | 117 gram<br/>2.459 cileagram<br/>2.987 cileagram | 2.03 méadar | 45 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 353 | Q888660 | [[Bonnán amhrasach|Ixobrychus dubius]] | [[Íomhá:Australian Little Bittern Sherwood Nov01.jpg|center|128px]] | Ixobrychus dubius | [[:commons:Category:Botaurus dubius|Botaurus dubius]] | | 45 ceintiméadar | 18 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 354 | Q888651 | [[Bonnán scartha|Ixobrychus involucris]] | [[Íomhá:Ixobrychus involucris.jpg|center|128px]] | Ixobrychus involucris | [[:commons:Category:Botaurus involucris|Botaurus involucris]] | 80 gram | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 355 | Q26444 | [[lacha bhadánach]] | [[Íomhá:Tufted Duck 09 05 2025 01.jpg|center|128px]] | Aythya fuligula | [[:commons:Category:Aythya fuligula|Aythya fuligula]] | 56 gram | 0.71 méadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 356 | Q25495361 | [[lacha bháneiteach]] | [[Íomhá:White-winged wood duck.jpg|center|128px]] | Asarcornis scutulata | [[:commons:Category:Asarcornis scutulata|Asarcornis scutulata]] | 3.25 cileagram<br/>2.65 cileagram<br/>72.3 gram | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 357 | Q597144 | [[lacha cheann-bhándearg]] | [[Íomhá:Rhodonessa caryophyllacea.jpg|center|128px]] | Rhodonessa caryophyllacea | [[:commons:Category:Rhodonessa caryophyllacea|Rhodonessa caryophyllacea]] | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 358 | Q241399 | [[lacha cheannbhán]] | [[Íomhá:Oxyura leucocephala, Clot-de-Galvany, Alicante 16.jpg|center|128px]] | Oxyura leucocephala | [[:commons:Category:Oxyura leucocephala|Oxyura leucocephala]] | 96 gram<br/>737 gram<br/>593 gram | 66 ceintiméadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 359 | Q322159 | [[lacha choille]] | [[Íomhá:Wood duck druid ridge cemetery 10.10.20 DSC 5487.jpg|center|128px]] | Aix sponsa | [[:commons:Category:Aix sponsa|Aix sponsa]] | | 71 ceintiméadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 360 | Q845292 | [[lacha chosrua]] | [[Íomhá:028 - AMERICAN BLACK DUCK (2-19-11) Quidi Vidi Lake, St John's, Newfoundland (8710694225).jpg|center|128px]] | Anas rubripes | [[:commons:Category:Anas rubripes|Anas rubripes]] | 1.252 cileagram<br/>1.111 cileagram | 90.5 ceintiméadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 361 | Q426968 | [[lacha chuircíneach]] | [[Íomhá:Knob-billed Duck Sarkidiornis melanotos, female, by Dr. Raju Kasambe DSCN8938 (1).jpg|center|128px]] | Sarkidiornis melanotos | [[:commons:Category:Sarkidiornis melanotos|Sarkidiornis melanotos]] | 66 gram<br/>1.455 cileagram<br/>1.777 cileagram | | 29 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 362 | Q26597 | [[lacha earrfhada]] | [[Íomhá:Clangula-hyemalis-011.jpg|center|128px]] | Clangula hyemalis | [[:commons:Category:Clangula hyemalis|Clangula hyemalis]] | | 0.71 méadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 363 | Q654901 | [[lacha Fhilipíneach]] | [[Íomhá:Anas luzonica, Candaba Marsh, Luzon 1.jpg|center|128px]] | Anas luzonica | [[:commons:Category:Anas luzonica|Anas luzonica]] | 906 gram<br/>779 gram | 84 ceintiméadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 364 | Q535206 | [[lacha ghob-bhuí]] | [[Íomhá:Gelbschnabelente Anas undulata 0505273 Wikiausschnitt.jpg|center|128px]] | Anas undulata | [[:commons:Category:Anas undulata|Anas undulata]] | 55 gram | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 365 | Q851349 | [[lacha ghobrósach]] | [[Íomhá:Netta peposaca - Miguel - 569265081 (cropped).jpeg|center|128px]] | Netta peposaca | [[:commons:Category:Netta peposaca|Netta peposaca]] | 1.181 cileagram<br/>1.004 cileagram | | 28 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 366 | Q845624 | [[lacha Hartlaub]] | [[Íomhá:Pteronetta hartlaubii (Hartlaub's Duck), Lac Mafoumi, Gabon 1.jpg|center|128px]] | Pteronetta hartlaubii | [[:commons:Category:Pteronetta hartlaubii|Pteronetta hartlaubii]] | 40 gram<br/>1.035 cileagram<br/>790 gram | | 31 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 367 | Q26635 | [[lacha iascán]] | [[Íomhá:2014-04-14 Aythya marila, female, Killingworth Lake, Northumberland 04.jpg|center|128px]] | Aythya marila | [[:commons:Category:Aythya marila|Aythya marila]] | | 0.82 méadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 368 | Q917490 | [[lacha Meller]] | [[Íomhá:Anas.melleri.3.jpg|center|128px]] | Anas melleri | [[:commons:Category:Anas melleri|Anas melleri]] | 45 gram | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 369 | Q200339 | [[lacha mhandrach]] | [[Íomhá:Mandarin ducks by the Weiming Lake of Peking University 09.jpg|center|128px]] | Aix galericulata | [[:commons:Category:Aix galericulata|Aix galericulata]] | 41 gram | 71 ceintiméadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 370 | Q191723 | [[lacha mheirgeach]] | [[Íomhá:Ferruginous Pochard Aythya nyroca Male by Dr. Raju Kasambe DSCN2746 (12).jpg|center|128px]] | Aythya nyroca | [[:commons:Category:Aythya nyroca|Aythya nyroca]] | 43 gram<br/>583 gram<br/>520 gram | 65 ceintiméadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 371 | Q601055 | [[lacha mhuinceach]] | [[Íomhá:Ring-necked Duck (f) (26058476660).jpg|center|128px]] | Aythya collaris | [[:commons:Category:Aythya collaris|Aythya collaris]] | 744 gram<br/>671 gram | 68 ceintiméadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 372 | Q647461 | [[lacha rua]] | [[Íomhá:065 - RUDDY DUCK (11-27-07) fem, oso flaco, sloco, ca oso (1) (8718083235).jpg|center|128px]] | Oxyura jamaicensis | [[:commons:Category:Oxyura jamaicensis|Oxyura jamaicensis]] | 590 gram<br/>499 gram | 57.5 ceintiméadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 373 | Q28106837 | [[Rualacha|Lacha rua]] | [[Íomhá:1994. Марка России 0170 hi.jpg|center|128px]] | Mareca penelope | [[:commons:Category:Mareca penelope|Mareca penelope]] | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 374 | Q839542 | [[lacha spotghobach]] | [[Íomhá:Pair Indian Spot-billed Duck Karanji Mysore Dec23 A7C 08342.jpg|center|128px]] | Anas poecilorhyncha | [[:commons:Category:Anas poecilorhyncha|Anas poecilorhyncha]] | 57 gram<br/>1.365 cileagram<br/>1.025 cileagram | 0.689 méadar | 26 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 375 | Q570379 | [[ladhrán buí]] | [[Íomhá:Greater Yellowlegs2.jpg|center|128px]] | Tringa melanoleuca | [[:commons:Category:Tringa melanoleuca|Tringa melanoleuca]] | 27.9 gram<br/>170 gram | 72 ceintiméadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 376 | Q18840 | [[laidhrín glas]] | [[Íomhá:Greenshank (Tringa nebularia).jpg|center|128px]] | Tringa nebularia | [[:commons:Category:Tringa nebularia|Tringa nebularia]] | 30.5 gram<br/>173 gram | 0.61 méadar | 26 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 377 | Q25418 | [[lasair choille]] | [[Íomhá:Carcar.jpg|center|128px]] | Carduelis carduelis | [[:commons:Category:Carduelis carduelis|Carduelis carduelis]] | 1.53 gram | 0.24 méadar | 14 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 378 | Q27471 | [[Lasairchíor choiteann|lasairchíor]] | [[Íomhá:Regulus ignicapilla Frank Vassen.jpg|center|128px]] | Regulus ignicapilla | [[:commons:Category:Regulus ignicapilla|Regulus ignicapilla]] | | 14 ceintiméadar | 16 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 379 | Q179863 | [[Lasairéan mór|lasairéan]] | [[Íomhá:Flamant rose Thyna009.jpg|center|128px]] | Phoenicopterus roseus | [[:commons:Category:Phoenicopterus roseus|Phoenicopterus roseus]] | | 163.5 ceintiméadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 380 | Q644012 | [[Leptoptilos dubius]] | [[Íomhá:Greater Adjutant (Leptoptilos dubius).jpg|center|128px]] | Leptoptilos dubius | [[:commons:Category:Leptoptilos dubius|Leptoptilos dubius]] | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 381 | Q155878 | [[liathchearc]] | [[Íomhá:Birkhahn.jpg|center|128px]] | Lyrurus tetrix | [[:commons:Category:Lyrurus tetrix|Lyrurus tetrix]] | 1.175 cileagram<br/>925 gram<br/>35.5 gram | 72 ceintiméadar | 26 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 382 | Q845408 | [[Cearc fhraoigh Chugasaigh|liathchearc cugasach]] | [[Íomhá:Tetras du caucase jogo 0g.jpg|center|128px]] | Lyrurus mlokosiewiczi | [[:commons:Category:Lyrurus mlokosiewiczi|Lyrurus mlokosiewiczi]] | 32.5 gram<br/>865 gram<br/>766 gram | | 22 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 383 | Q178942 | [[liatráisc]] | [[Íomhá:Mistle Thrush (Turdus viscivorus) (33847459792).jpg|center|128px]] | Turdus viscivorus | [[:commons:Category:Turdus viscivorus|Turdus viscivorus]] | | 0.44 méadar | 15 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 384 | Q26641 | [[lon creige]] | [[Íomhá:2015-04-20 Turdus torquatus torquatus Cairngorm 2.jpg|center|128px]] | Turdus torquatus | [[:commons:Category:Turdus torquatus|Turdus torquatus]] | 7.4 gram | 40 ceintiméadar | 13 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 385 | Q58958 | [[luathrán]] | [[Íomhá:2014-05-25 Sanderling, Paignton Beach, Devon 1.jpg|center|128px]] | Calidris alba | [[:commons:Category:Calidris alba|Calidris alba]] | | 35 ceintiméadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 386 | Q184432 | [[lóma Artach]] | [[Íomhá:Gavia arctica1.jpg|center|128px]] | Gavia arctica | [[:commons:Category:Gavia arctica|Gavia arctica]] | | 1.2 méadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 387 | Q558990 | [[Lóma an Aigéin Chiúin|lóma ciúinmuirí]] | [[Íomhá:PacificLoon24.jpg|center|128px]] | Gavia pacifica | [[:commons:Category:Gavia pacifica|Gavia pacifica]] | 95 gram<br/>2.349 cileagram<br/>2.115 cileagram | | 29 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 388 | Q26691 | [[lóma rua]] | [[Íomhá:Gavia stellata -Iceland -swimming-8.jpg|center|128px]] | Gavia stellata | [[:commons:Category:Gavia stellata|Gavia stellata]] | 1.729 cileagram<br/>1.477 cileagram | 1.04 méadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 389 | Q673417 | [[Malacocincla perspicillata]] | [[Íomhá:Enigma dari Karst Meratus.jpg|center|128px]] | Malacocincla perspicillata | [[:commons:Category:Malacocincla perspicillata|Malacocincla perspicillata]] | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 390 | Q25348 | [[mallard]] | [[Íomhá:Anas platyrhynchos (Male) on the ground.jpg|center|128px]] | Anas platyrhynchos | [[:commons:Category:Anas platyrhynchos|Anas platyrhynchos]] | | 0.88 méadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 391 | Q28106966 | [[Gadual|Mareca strepera]] | [[Íomhá:Anas strepera pair.jpg|center|128px]] | Mareca strepera | [[:commons:Category:Mareca strepera|Mareca strepera]] | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 392 | Q273067 | [[Meantán crochta|meantán crochadánach]] | [[Íomhá:Remiz pendulinus (Marek Szczepanek).jpg|center|128px]] | Remiz pendulinus | [[:commons:Category:Remiz pendulinus|Remiz pendulinus]] | 0.95 gram | | 13 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 393 | Q192817 | [[meantán croiméalach]] | [[Íomhá:Bartmeise(Cropped) by Wolfram Riech.jpg|center|128px]] | Panurus biarmicus | [[:commons:Category:Panurus biarmicus|Panurus biarmicus]] | 1.88 gram<br/>15.3 gram | 17 ceintiméadar | 12 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 394 | Q207831 | [[meantán cuircíneach]] | [[Íomhá:Lophophanes cristatus - 01.jpg|center|128px]] | Lophophanes cristatus | [[:commons:Category:Lophophanes cristatus|Lophophanes cristatus]] | 1.31 gram | 100000 millimetre | 14 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 395 | Q574281 | [[Meantán gruama|meantán duairc]] | [[Íomhá:Poecile lugubris, Bulgaria 1.jpg|center|128px]] | Poecile lugubris | [[:commons:Category:Poecile lugubris|Poecile lugubris]] | 1.68 gram<br/>16.8 gram | | 13 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 396 | Q191096 | [[meantán dubh]] | [[Íomhá:Coal Tit - Dugalbitta, Uttarakhand, India (15143483976).jpg|center|128px]] | Periparus ater | [[:commons:Category:Periparus ater|Periparus ater]] | 1.04 gram | 0.18 méadar | 15 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 397 | Q170831 | [[meantán earrfhada]] | [[Íomhá:Long-tailed tit (74940).jpg|center|128px]] | Aegithalos caudatus | [[:commons:Category:Aegithalos caudatus|Aegithalos caudatus]] | | 18 ceintiméadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 398 | Q25404 | [[meantán gorm]] | [[Íomhá:Parus caeruleus1.jpg|center|128px]] | Cyanistes caeruleus | [[:commons:Category:Cyanistes caeruleus|Cyanistes caeruleus]] | 1.14 gram<br/>11.8 gram | 18 ceintiméadar | 14 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 399 | Q4967039 | [[Meantán Hyrcaniach|meantán Iaránach]] | [[Íomhá:Poecile hyrcanus 122184675.jpg|center|128px]] | Poecile hyrcanus | [[:commons:Category:Poecile hyrcanus|Poecile hyrcanus]] | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 400 | Q207838 | [[meantán lathaí]] | [[Íomhá:Sumpfmeise im NSG Hirschacker und Dossenwald 2.jpg|center|128px]] | Poecile palustris | [[:commons:Category:Poecile palustris|Poecile palustris]] | 1.24 gram<br/>11.9 gram | 19 ceintiméadar | 15 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 401 | Q215211 | [[meantán léana]] | [[Íomhá:Parus atricapillus 2 (Marek Szczepanek).jpg|center|128px]] | Poecile montanus | [[:commons:Category:Poecile montanus|Poecile montanus]] | | 19 ceintiméadar | 14 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 402 | Q25485 | [[meantán mór]] | [[Íomhá:Great tit (Parus major), Parc de Woluwé, Brussels (13042792905).jpg|center|128px]] | Parus major | [[:commons:Category:Parus major|Parus major]] | 1.68 gram<br/>18.5 gram | 0.23 méadar | 13 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 403 | Q571268 | [[Stercorarius maccormicki|meirleach Antartach]] | [[Íomhá:Skua Terra Nova Bay 01.jpg|center|128px]] | Stercorarius maccormicki | [[:commons:Category:Stercorarius maccormicki|Stercorarius maccormicki]] | 89.4 gram<br/>1.277 cileagram<br/>1.421 cileagram | 135 ceintiméadar | 29 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 404 | Q203053 | [[meirleach Artach]] | [[Íomhá:2021-07-11 Parasitic jaeger chick.jpg|center|128px]] | Stercorarius parasiticus | [[:commons:Category:Stercorarius parasiticus|Stercorarius parasiticus]] | | 1.06 méadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 405 | Q207760 | [[meirleach mór]] | [[Íomhá:GreatSkuaInWater.jpg|center|128px]] | Stercorarius skua | [[:commons:Category:Stercorarius skua|Stercorarius skua]] | 111.7 gram<br/>1.735 cileagram<br/>1.935 cileagram | 136 ceintiméadar | 29 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 406 | Q212767 | [[meirleach pomairíneach]] | [[Íomhá:Pomarine Skua ( Stercorarius pomarinus ) Adult summer ... Coatham Sands , Redcar (53247051024).jpg|center|128px]] | Stercorarius pomarinus | [[:commons:Category:Stercorarius pomarinus|Stercorarius pomarinus]] | 66 gram<br/>648 gram<br/>740 gram | 1.18 méadar | 26 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 407 | Q131918 | [[meirliún]] | [[Íomhá:Falco columbarius PP.jpg|center|128px]] | Falco columbarius | [[:commons:Category:Falco columbarius|Falco columbarius]] | 162 gram<br/>212 gram | 60 ceintiméadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 408 | Q184518 | [[mionchnagaire breac]] | [[Íomhá:PicoidesMinorBack.jpg|center|128px]] | Dryobates minor | [[:commons:Category:Dryobates minor|Dryobates minor]] | | 26 ceintiméadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 409 | Q27075424 | [[Mionfhuiseog ladharghearr]] | [[Íomhá:Lesser Short-toed Lark Alaudala rufescens polatzeki, Fuerteventura.jpg|center|128px]] | Alaudala rufescens | [[:commons:Category:Alaudala rufescens|Alaudala rufescens]] | | | 13 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 410 | Q386949 | [[mionghé Afracach]] | [[Íomhá:African pygmy goose, Nettapus auritus, at Muirhead Dams, Royal Macadamia Plantations, Machado, Limpopo, South Africa - male (26210431045) cropped.jpg|center|128px]] | Nettapus auritus | [[:commons:Category:Nettapus auritus|Nettapus auritus]] | 23 gram | | 24 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 411 | Q191628 | [[mionghé bhánéadanach]] | [[Íomhá:Anser erythropus MHNT.ZOO.2010.11.14.6.jpg|center|128px]] | Anser erythropus | [[:commons:Category:Anser erythropus|Anser erythropus]] | 100 gram<br/>1.797 cileagram | 125 ceintiméadar | 26 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 412 | Q833243 | [[mionlacha iascán]] | [[Íomhá:Aythya affinis.JPG|center|128px]] | Aythya affinis | [[:commons:Category:Aythya affinis|Aythya affinis]] | 825 gram<br/>748 gram | 72.5 ceintiméadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 413 | Q210954 | [[Steilléadar|Mionlacha lochlannach]] | [[Íomhá:047 - STELLER'S EIDER (6-16-2016) barrow, alaska -02 (27539228164).jpg|center|128px]] | Polysticta stelleri | [[:commons:Category:Polysticta stelleri|Polysticta stelleri]] | 58 gram<br/>807 gram | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 414 | Q28000 | [[mionladhrán buí]] | [[Íomhá:Lesser Yellowlegs.jpg|center|128px]] | Tringa flavipes | [[:commons:Category:Tringa flavipes|Tringa flavipes]] | 17.4 gram<br/>81 gram | 61.5 ceintiméadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 415 | Q229408 | [[mionphocaire gaoithe]] | [[Íomhá:A Lesser Kestrel on a Weak Perch (49591372658).jpg|center|128px]] | Falco naumanni | [[:commons:Category:Falco naumanni|Falco naumanni]] | 16 gram<br/>148 gram<br/>170 gram | 0.65 méadar | 27 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 416 | Q239393 | [[mionscréachán liath]] | [[Íomhá:Lesser Grey Shrike by Daniel Bastaja.jpg|center|128px]] | Lanius minor | [[:commons:Category:Lanius minor|Lanius minor]] | 4.3 gram<br/>46 gram | | 15 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 417 | Q191155 | [[mionulchabhán Eoráiseach]] | [[Íomhá:Eurasian pygmy owl (Glaucidium passerinum) Białowieza.jpg|center|128px]] | Glaucidium passerinum | [[:commons:Category:Glaucidium passerinum|Glaucidium passerinum]] | 8.3 gram<br/>58 gram<br/>73 gram | 35 ceintiméadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 418 | Q742818 | [[monál Himiléach]] | [[Íomhá:Himalayan Monal Adult Female Tungnath Rudraprayag Uttarakhand India 14.06.2013.jpg|center|128px]] | Lophophorus impejanus | [[:commons:Category:Lophophorus impejanus|Lophophorus impejanus]] | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 419 | Q242851 | [[musclacha]] | [[Íomhá:Muskovy duck (Cairina moschata).JPG|center|128px]] | Cairina moschata | [[:commons:Category:Cairina moschata|Cairina moschata]] | 74 gram<br/>3 cileagram<br/>1.25 cileagram | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 420 | Q116667 | [[Míona coiteann|míona]] | [[Íomhá:Common Myna in Rabindra Sarobar February 2025 by Tisha Mukherjee 01.jpg|center|128px]] | Acridotheres tristis | [[:commons:Category:Acridotheres tristis|Acridotheres tristis]] | 7.1 gram | 0.378 méadar | 15 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 421 | Q180835 | [[mórcheolaire giolcaí]] | [[Íomhá:Drosselrohrsänger Great reed warbler.jpg|center|128px]] | Acrocephalus arundinaceus | [[:commons:Category:Acrocephalus arundinaceus|Acrocephalus arundinaceus]] | 3.15 gram | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 422 | Q26209 | [[mórchnagaire breac]] | [[Íomhá:Dendrocopos major EM1B2679 (35219263071).jpg|center|128px]] | Dendrocopos major | [[:commons:Category:Dendrocopos major|Dendrocopos major]] | 5.7 gram<br/>89 gram | 36 ceintiméadar | 15 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 423 | Q333796 | [[Éigrit mhór ghorm|Mórchorr ghorm]] | [[Íomhá:Great blue heron in GWC (21718).jpg|center|128px]] | Ardea herodias | [[:commons:Category:Ardea herodias|Ardea herodias]] | 2.48 cileagram<br/>2.11 cileagram | 183 ceintiméadar | 27 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 424 | Q665363 | [[mórchuach bhreac]] | [[Íomhá:Clamator glandarius (juvenile).jpg|center|128px]] | Clamator glandarius | [[:commons:Category:Clamator glandarius|Clamator glandarius]] | 9.85 gram<br/>169 gram<br/>138 gram | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 425 | Q476356 | [[Sléibhín Pallas|mórfhaoileán ceanndubh]] | [[Íomhá:Larus ichthyaetus.jpg|center|128px]] | Ichthyaetus ichthyaetus | [[:commons:Category:Ichthyaetus ichthyaetus|Ichthyaetus ichthyaetus]] | 112 gram<br/>1.599 cileagram<br/>1.189 cileagram | 161 ceintiméadar | 25 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 426 | Q184508 | [[mórscréachán liath]] | [[Íomhá:Great Grey Shrike in Bhigwan August 2025 by Tisha Mukherjee 02.jpg|center|128px]] | Lanius excubitor | [[:commons:Category:Lanius excubitor|Lanius excubitor]] | 63.4 gram | 32 ceintiméadar | 16 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 427 | Q81515 | [[mórulchabhán cluasach]] | [[Íomhá:Bubo virginianus -Canada-6.jpg|center|128px]] | Bubo virginianus | [[:commons:Category:Bubo virginianus|Bubo virginianus]] | | 1.34 méadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 428 | Q25692 | [[naoscach]] | [[Íomhá:Bekassine (Blick nach oben).jpg|center|128px]] | Gallinago gallinago | [[:commons:Category:Gallinago gallinago|Gallinago gallinago]] | 111 gram<br/>128 gram | 0.52 méadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 429 | Q26711 | [[naoscach bhídeach]] | [[Íomhá:Lymnocryptes minimus.jpg|center|128px]] | Lymnocryptes minimus | [[:commons:Category:Lymnocryptes minimus|Lymnocryptes minimus]] | 53.7 gram<br/>46.7 gram | 40 ceintiméadar | 20 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 430 | Q687695 | [[néné]] | [[Íomhá:Branta sandvicensis -Kilauea Point National Wildlife Refuge, Hawaii, USA-8.jpg|center|128px]] | Branta sandvicensis | [[:commons:Category:Branta sandvicensis|Branta sandvicensis]] | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 431 | Q1193048 | [[Gearg choille scornáin|Odontophorus strophium]] | [[Íomhá:Odontophorus strophium - 1820-1863 - Print - Iconographia Zoologica - Special Collections University of Amsterdam - UBA01 IZ17100201 (cropped).tif|center|128px]] | Odontophorus strophium | [[:commons:Category:Odontophorus strophium|Odontophorus strophium]] | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 432 | Q188660 | [[Opisthocomus hoazin]] | [[Íomhá:Hoatzin (Opisthocomus hoazin) Rio Napo.jpg|center|128px]] | Opisthocomus hoazin | [[:commons:Category:Opisthocomus hoazin|Opisthocomus hoazin]] | | | 31 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 433 | Q279939 | [[Oxyura maccoa]] | [[Íomhá:Oxyura maccoa.jpg|center|128px]] | Oxyura maccoa | [[:commons:Category:Oxyura maccoa|Oxyura maccoa]] | 96 gram<br/>820 gram<br/>554 gram | | 26 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 434 | Q27075910 | [[parúl tuaisceartach]] | [[Íomhá:Northern parula (81098).jpg|center|128px]] | Setophaga americana | [[:commons:Category:Setophaga americana|Setophaga americana]] | 1.26 gram | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 435 | Q26106 | [[Patraisc choiteann|patraisc]] | [[Íomhá:Nurmkana (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | Perdix perdix | [[:commons:Category:Perdix perdix|Perdix perdix]] | | 46 ceintiméadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 436 | Q733777 | [[patraisc bhroinnliath]] | [[Íomhá:Lossy-page1-2929px-Perdix personata - 1820-1863 - Print - Iconographia Zoologica - Special Collections University of Amsterdam - UBA01 IZ17100109.png|center|128px]] | Arborophila orientalis | [[:commons:Category:Arborophila orientalis|Arborophila orientalis]] | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 437 | Q754863 | [[patraisc chosdearg]] | [[Íomhá:AlectorisRufa.jpg|center|128px]] | Alectoris rufa | [[:commons:Category:Alectoris rufa|Alectoris rufa]] | 20.1 gram | 48 ceintiméadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 438 | Q194043 | [[patraisc thiucair]] | [[Íomhá:Chukar Partridge (Alectoris chukar) (39660989151).jpg|center|128px]] | Alectoris chukar | [[:commons:Category:Alectoris chukar|Alectoris chukar]] | 650 gram<br/>565 gram<br/>22.5 gram | 51 ceintiméadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 439 | Q168748 | [[Peannaire (éan)|peannaire]] | [[Íomhá:Secretario (Sagittarius serpentarius), parque nacional de Amboseli, Kenia, 2024-05-23, DD 13.jpg|center|128px]] | Sagittarius serpentarius | [[:commons:Category:Sagittarius serpentarius|Sagittarius serpentarius]] | 130 gram<br/>4.052 cileagram | 203 ceintiméadar | 44 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 440 | Q208060 | [[pearaicít rósbhráisléadach]] | [[Íomhá:African Rose-ringed Parakeet, Tamanrasset, Algeria 1.jpg|center|128px]] | Psittacula krameri | [[:commons:Category:Psittacula krameri|Psittacula krameri]] | | 45 ceintiméadar | 23 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 441 | Q220328 | [[pearóid liath Afracach]] | [[Íomhá:Perroquet à Yampopo Beach - Douala.jpg|center|128px]] | Psittacus erithacus | [[:commons:Category:Psittacus erithacus|Psittacus erithacus]] | 18.7 gram | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 442 | Q199427 | [[peileacán bán]] | [[Íomhá:Great white pelican (Pelecanus onocrotalus).jpg|center|128px]] | Pelecanus onocrotalus | [[:commons:Category:Pelecanus onocrotalus|Pelecanus onocrotalus]] | 180 gram<br/>11.45 cileagram<br/>7.59 cileagram | 2.91 méadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 443 | Q184751 | [[peileacán Dalmátach]] | [[Íomhá:Dalmatian Pelican Pelecanus crispus by Dr. Raju Kasambe DSCN6899 (3).jpg|center|128px]] | Pelecanus crispus | [[:commons:Category:Pelecanus crispus|Pelecanus crispus]] | | 320 ceintiméadar | 32 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 444 | Q385891 | [[piasún cír]] | [[Íomhá:Cheer Pheasant.jpg|center|128px]] | Catreus wallichii | [[:commons:Category:Catreus wallichii|Catreus wallichii]] | 1.525 cileagram<br/>1.13 cileagram | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 445 | Q25307 | [[Snag breac|Pica pica]] | [[Íomhá:Eurasian magpie (10860).jpg|center|128px]] | Pica pica | [[:commons:Category:Pica pica|Pica pica]] | 9.9 gram<br/>221 gram<br/>191 gram | 56 ceintiméadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 446 | Q25392 | [[pilibín]] | [[Íomhá:Northern-Lapwing-Vanellus-vanellus.jpg|center|128px]] | Vanellus vanellus | [[:commons:Category:Vanellus vanellus|Vanellus vanellus]] | 25.5 gram | 0.75 méadar<br/>69.5 ceintiméadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 447 | Q279307 | [[pilibín ealtúil]] | [[Íomhá:Sociable Lapwing, Korgalzhynskiy, Kazakhstan 1.jpg|center|128px]] | Vanellus gregarius | [[:commons:Category:Vanellus gregarius|Vanellus gregarius]] | 26.5 gram<br/>252 gram<br/>200 gram | 70 ceintiméadar | 28 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 448 | Q161829 | [[piongain impireach]] | [[Íomhá:202501 Emperor penguin.svg|center|128px]] | Aptenodytes forsteri | [[:commons:Category:Aptenodytes forsteri|Aptenodytes forsteri]] | 425 gram | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 449 | Q494544 | [[Corr bheag|Platalea minor]] | [[Íomhá:Platalea minor okinawa.jpg|center|128px]] | Platalea minor | [[:commons:Category:Platalea minor|Platalea minor]] | | 110 ceintiméadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 450 | Q26490 | [[Pocaire gaoithe coiteann|pocaire gaoithe]] | [[Íomhá:Common kestrel falco tinnunculus.jpg|center|128px]] | Falco tinnunculus | [[:commons:Category:Falco tinnunculus|Falco tinnunculus]] | 201 gram | 0.73 méadar | 28 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 451 | Q187902 | [[Cearcóg chorcra|Porphyrio porphyrio]] | [[Íomhá:Purpurhuhn.jpg|center|128px]] | Porphyrio porphyrio | [[:commons:Category:Porphyrio porphyrio|Porphyrio porphyrio]] | | | 25 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 452 | Q25700 | [[praslacha]] | [[Íomhá:Common Teal Male (8602525826).jpg|center|128px]] | Anas crecca | [[:commons:Category:Anas crecca|Anas crecca]] | | 0.59 méadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 453 | Q331447 | [[praslacha mharmarach]] | [[Íomhá:Marbled Teal (Marmaronetta angustirostris) RWD2.jpg|center|128px]] | Marmaronetta angustirostris | [[:commons:Category:Marmaronetta angustirostris|Marmaronetta angustirostris]] | 562 gram<br/>492 gram | 65 ceintiméadar | 26 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 454 | Q695729 | [[pratancól dubheiteach]] | [[Íomhá:Black-winged pratincole (Glareola nordmanni) at Mkhombo Dam, Mpumalanga (36861637734).jpg|center|128px]] | Glareola nordmanni | [[:commons:Category:Glareola nordmanni|Glareola nordmanni]] | 11 gram<br/>97 gram | 64 ceintiméadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 455 | Q330310 | [[pratancól muinceach]] | [[Íomhá:Collared pratincole (Glareola pratincola).jpg|center|128px]] | Glareola pratincola | [[:commons:Category:Glareola pratincola|Glareola pratincola]] | 10.1 gram<br/>77 gram | 65 ceintiméadar | 18 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 456 | Q1262047 | [[Seabhac droimliath|Pseudastur occidentalis]] | [[Íomhá:Gray-backed Hawk - South-Ecuador S4E8637 (15478568822).jpg|center|128px]] | Pseudastur occidentalis | [[:commons:Category:Pseudastur occidentalis|Pseudastur occidentalis]] | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 457 | Q643836 | [[Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax]] | [[Íomhá:Alpenkrähe-Pyrrhocorax.jpg|center|128px]] | Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax | [[:commons:Category:Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax|Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax]] | 312 gram<br/>263 gram | 82 ceintiméadar | 17 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 458 | Q244350 | [[póiseard cíordhearg]] | [[Íomhá:Netta rufina - Jona (SG) Stampf 2011-04-24 15-55-58.jpg|center|128px]] | Netta rufina | [[:commons:Category:Netta rufina|Netta rufina]] | 56 gram<br/>1.115 cileagram | 87 ceintiméadar | 27 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 459 | Q642685 | [[riabhóg chladaigh]] | [[Íomhá:2015-04-22 Anthus petrosus, Portsoy.jpg|center|128px]] | Anthus petrosus | [[:commons:Category:Anthus petrosus|Anthus petrosus]] | | 25 ceintiméadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 460 | Q143313 | [[riabhóg choille]] | [[Íomhá:2015-04-21 Anthus trivialis, Abernethy Forest 1.jpg|center|128px]] | Anthus trivialis | [[:commons:Category:Anthus trivialis|Anthus trivialis]] | 22 gram<br/>25 gram | 0.27 méadar | 13 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 461 | Q27226 | [[riabhóg dhonn]] | [[Íomhá:Anthus campestris-3.jpg|center|128px]] | Anthus campestris | [[:commons:Category:Anthus campestris|Anthus campestris]] | 2.73 gram<br/>22 gram | | 12 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 462 | Q26956 | [[riabhóg mhóna]] | [[Íomhá:Meadow-Pipit.jpg|center|128px]] | Anthus pratensis | [[:commons:Category:Anthus pratensis|Anthus pratensis]] | 2.06 gram | 0.26 méadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 463 | Q241347 | [[riabhóg phíbrua]] | [[Íomhá:Anthus cervinus2.jpg|center|128px]] | Anthus cervinus | [[:commons:Category:Anthus cervinus|Anthus cervinus]] | 2.01 gram | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 464 | Q208707 | [[riabhóg uisce]] | [[Íomhá:Anthus spinoletta - Water Pipit, Kahramanmaraş 2016-11-18 01-10.jpg|center|128px]] | Anthus spinoletta | [[:commons:Category:Anthus spinoletta|Anthus spinoletta]] | 2.73 gram | 26 ceintiméadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 465 | Q179367 | [[rollóir Eorpach]] | [[Íomhá:Coracias garrulus in Shirahmad wildlife refuge of Sabzevar 001.jpg|center|128px]] | Coracias garrulus | [[:commons:Category:Coracias garrulus|Coracias garrulus]] | | | 18 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 466 | Q927358 | [[rowi]] | [[Íomhá:Okarito kiwi 2.jpg|center|128px]] | Apteryx rowi | [[:commons:Category:Apteryx rowi|Apteryx rowi]] | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 467 | Q28122714 | [[rufachán]] | [[Íomhá:Philomachus pugnaxRuffKampfläufer.JPG|center|128px]] | Calidris pugnax | [[:commons:Category:Calidris pugnax|Calidris pugnax]] | 21 gram<br/>170 gram<br/>102 gram | | 21 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 468 | Q185099 | [[rálóg uisce]] | [[Íomhá:Wasserralle Bodensee.jpg|center|128px]] | Rallus aquaticus | [[:commons:Category:Rallus aquaticus|Rallus aquaticus]] | 125 gram<br/>98 gram | 42 ceintiméadar | 20 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 469 | Q25383 | [[rí rua]] | [[Íomhá:Fringilla coelebs (5577610542).jpg|center|128px]] | Fringilla coelebs | [[:commons:Category:Fringilla coelebs|Fringilla coelebs]] | 2.16 gram<br/>22 gram | 0.26 méadar | 12 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 470 | Q182209 | [[rí-phiongain]] | [[Íomhá:King Penguins on Saunders Island (5586254113).jpg|center|128px]] | Aptenodytes patagonicus | [[:commons:Category:Aptenodytes patagonicus|Aptenodytes patagonicus]] | 306 gram<br/>12.8 cileagram<br/>11.5 cileagram | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 471 | Q130933 | [[Rí-ulchabhán Eoráiseach|rí-ulchabhán]] | [[Íomhá:Hubro (Bubo bubo).JPG|center|128px]] | Bubo bubo | [[:commons:Category:Bubo bubo|Bubo bubo]] | 80 gram<br/>2.38 cileagram<br/>2.992 cileagram | 174 ceintiméadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 472 | Q1273551 | [[rí-ulchabhán beag]] | [[Íomhá:PseudoptynxGurneyiSmit.jpg|center|128px]] | Otus gurneyi | [[:commons:Category:Otus gurneyi|Otus gurneyi]] | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 473 | Q819706 | [[Carpodacus rubicilla|rósghlasán mór Cugasach]] | [[Íomhá:Great Rosefinch North Sikkim India 15.10.2019.jpg|center|128px]] | Carpodacus rubicilla | [[:commons:Category:Carpodacus rubicilla|Carpodacus rubicilla]] | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 474 | Q46143 | [[rósghlasán scarlóideach]] | [[Íomhá:Carpodacus erythrinus 20060623.jpg|center|128px]] | Carpodacus erythrinus | [[:commons:Category:Carpodacus erythrinus|Carpodacus erythrinus]] | | 26 ceintiméadar | 11 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 475 | Q25386 | [[rúcach]] | [[Íomhá:Corvus frugilegus -Dartmoor, Devon, England-8.jpg|center|128px]] | Corvus frugilegus | [[:commons:Category:Corvus frugilegus|Corvus frugilegus]] | 489 gram<br/>418 gram | 0.93 méadar | 16 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 476 | Q25777 | [[sacán]] | [[Íomhá:Björktrast (Turdus pilaris)-4.jpg|center|128px]] | Turdus pilaris | [[:commons:Category:Turdus pilaris|Turdus pilaris]] | 6.8 gram<br/>105 gram | 0.42 méadar | 12 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 477 | Q201300 | [[sceadach]] | [[Íomhá:Velvet Scoter, Eyebrook Reservoir, Leics.jpg|center|128px]] | Melanitta fusca | [[:commons:Category:Melanitta fusca|Melanitta fusca]] | 1.762 cileagram | 0.97 méadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 478 | Q178821 | [[scodalach dubheiteach]] | [[Íomhá:Himantopus himantopus - Pak Thale.jpg|center|128px]] | Himantopus himantopus | [[:commons:Category:Himantopus himantopus|Himantopus himantopus]] | 21.8 gram<br/>160 gram | | 25 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 479 | Q752678 | [[Scréachán isibéalach|scréachán banbhuí]] | [[Íomhá:Basai Wetland Gurgaon DSC9380 Isabelline shrike.JPG|center|128px]] | Lanius isabellinus | [[:commons:Category:Lanius isabellinus|Lanius isabellinus]] | 30 gram | | 15 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 480 | Q235052 | [[scréachán coille]] | [[Íomhá:Lanius senator01 new.jpg|center|128px]] | Lanius senator | [[:commons:Category:Lanius senator|Lanius senator]] | 3.4 gram | | 15 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 481 | Q26671 | [[scréachán droimrua]] | [[Íomhá:Lanius collurio - Red-backed shrike 09.jpg|center|128px]] | Lanius collurio | [[:commons:Category:Lanius collurio|Lanius collurio]] | 3.15 gram | 26 ceintiméadar | 14 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 482 | Q25354 | [[scréachóg]] | [[Íomhá:Garrulus glandarius - Eurasian Jay 01.jpg|center|128px]] | Garrulus glandarius | [[:commons:Category:Garrulus glandarius|Garrulus glandarius]] | 8.5 gram | 0.54 méadar | 20 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 483 | Q80858 | [[scréachóg liath]] | [[Íomhá:Canada jay (53737791802).jpg|center|128px]] | Perisoreus canadensis | [[:commons:Category:Perisoreus canadensis|Perisoreus canadensis]] | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 484 | Q25317 | [[scréachóg reilige]] | [[Íomhá:Tyto alba tylluan wen detail.jpg|center|128px]] | Tyto alba | [[:commons:Category:Tyto alba|Tyto alba]] | 580 gram | 0.9 méadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 485 | Q27434 | [[Scótar coiteann|Scótar]] | [[Íomhá:Männliche Trauerente (Melanitta nigra) - Spiekeroog, Nationalpark Niedersächsisches Wattenmeer.jpg|center|128px]] | Melanitta nigra | [[:commons:Category:Melanitta nigra|Melanitta nigra]] | | 0.85 méadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 486 | Q2020137 | [[Scótar báneiteach]] | [[Íomhá:Melanitta fusca var deglandi f Toronto.jpg|center|128px]] | Melanitta deglandi | [[:commons:Category:Melanitta deglandi|Melanitta deglandi]] | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 487 | Q529048 | [[Scótar Meiriceánach]] | [[Íomhá:Melanitta americana Barnegat NJ.jpg|center|128px]] | Melanitta americana | [[:commons:Category:Melanitta americana|Melanitta americana]] | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 488 | Q742468 | [[scótar toinne]] | [[Íomhá:Melanitta perspicillata female.jpg|center|128px]] | Melanitta perspicillata | [[:commons:Category:Melanitta perspicillata|Melanitta perspicillata]] | 62 gram<br/>1 cileagram<br/>900 gram | 84 ceintiméadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 489 | Q943329 | [[Tuirne lín Meiriceánach|seabhac oíche Meiriceánach]] | [[Íomhá:Chordeiles minor -British Columbia -Canada-8c.jpg|center|128px]] | Chordeiles minor | [[:commons:Category:Chordeiles minor|Chordeiles minor]] | 79.3 gram | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 490 | Q606755 | [[Speirsheabhac Seapánach|seabhac Seapánach]] | [[Íomhá:ツミ.jpg|center|128px]] | Accipiter gularis | [[:commons:Category:Accipiter gularis|Accipiter gularis]] | | 52 ceintiméadar | 26 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 491 | Q234722 | [[Iolar Bonelli|seabhaciolar]] | [[Íomhá:Bonelli's Eagle.jpg|center|128px]] | Aquila fasciata | [[:commons:Category:Aquila fasciata|Aquila fasciata]] | 1.82 cileagram<br/>2.56 cileagram<br/>112 gram | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 492 | Q25761 | [[seil-lacha]] | [[Íomhá:2014-04-18 Tadorna tadorna pair, Swallow Pond.jpg|center|128px]] | Tadorna tadorna | [[:commons:Category:Tadorna tadorna|Tadorna tadorna]] | 78 gram<br/>1.261 cileagram<br/>1.043 cileagram | 112 ceintiméadar | 30 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 493 | Q170723 | [[seil-lacha rua]] | [[Íomhá:Ruddy Shelduck (Tadorna ferruginea)- Female at Bharatpur I IMG 5336.jpg|center|128px]] | Tadorna ferruginea | [[:commons:Category:Tadorna ferruginea|Tadorna ferruginea]] | 83 gram<br/>1.36 cileagram<br/>1.1 cileagram | 133 ceintiméadar | 28 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 494 | Q621833 | [[seirín ceanndubh]] | [[Íomhá:Serinus pusillus - Red-fronted serin 01.jpg|center|128px]] | Serinus pusillus | [[:commons:Category:Serinus pusillus|Serinus pusillus]] | 1.43 gram | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 495 | Q27461190 | [[Praslacha Bhaikalach|Sibirionetta formosa]] | [[Íomhá:Anas.formosa.4.jpg|center|128px]] | Sibirionetta formosa | [[:commons:Category:Sibirionetta formosa|Sibirionetta formosa]] | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 496 | Q27075864 | [[siscín]] | [[Íomhá:Carduelis spinus male.jpg|center|128px]] | Spinus spinus | [[:commons:Category:Spinus spinus|Spinus spinus]] | 1.29 gram<br/>13.8 gram | 0.21 méadar | 12 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 497 | Q25634 | [[sléibhín]] | [[Íomhá:Black-headed Gull - St James's Park, London - Nov 2006.jpg|center|128px]] | Chroicocephalus ridibundus | [[:commons:Category:Chroicocephalus ridibundus|Chroicocephalus ridibundus]] | 294 gram<br/>267 gram | 0.97 méadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 498 | Q164467 | [[sléibhín beag]] | [[Íomhá:Bird Yyterin lietteet 4.jpg|center|128px]] | Hydrocoloeus minutus | [[:commons:Category:Hydrocoloeus minutus|Hydrocoloeus minutus]] | 98 gram | 78 ceintiméadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 499 | Q276189 | [[sléibhín Meánmhuirí]] | [[Íomhá:2013-08-01 Ichthyaetus melanocephalus, Brierdene, Whitley Bay, Northumberland 1.jpg|center|128px]] | Ichthyaetus melanocephalus | [[:commons:Category:Ichthyaetus melanocephalus|Ichthyaetus melanocephalus]] | | 96 ceintiméadar | 24 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 500 | Q843175 | [[smólach breacdhorcha]] | [[Íomhá:Turdus naumanni naumanni.jpg|center|128px]] | Turdus naumanni | [[:commons:Category:Turdus naumanni|Turdus naumanni]] | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 501 | Q26349 | [[smólach ceoil]] | [[Íomhá:Song thrush (Turdus philomelos philomelos).jpg|center|128px]] | Turdus philomelos | [[:commons:Category:Turdus philomelos|Turdus philomelos]] | 6 gram<br/>72 gram | 0.36 méadar | 14 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 502 | Q80780 | [[smólach píbdhubh]] | [[Íomhá:A dark-throated Thrush female - Dhanachuli, Uttarakhand India.jpg|center|128px]] | Turdus atrogularis | [[:commons:Category:Turdus atrogularis|Turdus atrogularis]] | | | 11 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 503 | Q1591651 | [[Smólach ordúil|smólach rua-eiteach]] | [[Íomhá:Turdus eunomus s3.jpg|center|128px]] | Turdus eunomus | [[:commons:Category:Turdus eunomus|Turdus eunomus]] | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 504 | Q258964 | [[smólach Sibéarach]] | [[Íomhá:Geokichla sibirica, Slyudyansky Raion, Irkutsk Oblast, Russia 1.jpg|center|128px]] | Geokichla sibirica | [[:commons:Category:Geokichla sibirica|Geokichla sibirica]] | 60 gram<br/>70 gram | | 10 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 505 | Q796672 | [[Éan oighinn|smólach talún]] | [[Íomhá:Ovenbird (90497).jpg|center|128px]] | Seiurus aurocapilla | [[:commons:Category:Seiurus aurocapilla|Seiurus aurocapilla]] | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 506 | Q949662 | [[smólach White]] | [[Íomhá:Zoothera aurea, Hong Kong 1.jpg|center|128px]] | Zoothera aurea | [[:commons:Category:Zoothera aurea|Zoothera aurea]] | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 507 | Q193593 | [[Snag coiteann|snag]] | [[Íomhá:Certhia familiaris 01.jpg|center|128px]] | Certhia familiaris | [[:commons:Category:Certhia familiaris|Certhia familiaris]] | 9.95 gram | 19 ceintiméadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 508 | Q125895 | [[Reathaí ladharghearr|snag ladharghearr]] | [[Íomhá:Short-toed treecreeper (Certhia brachydactyla brachydactyla).jpg|center|128px]] | Certhia brachydactyla | [[:commons:Category:Certhia brachydactyla|Certhia brachydactyla]] | 1.16 gram<br/>8.4 gram | | 14 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 509 | Q28106731 | [[Spadalach tuaisceartach|spadalghob]] | [[Íomhá:Northern Shoveler-Anas clypeata female.jpg|center|128px]] | Spatula clypeata | [[:commons:Category:Spatula clypeata|Spatula clypeata]] | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 510 | Q28106902 | [[Praslacha shamhraidh|Spatula querquedula]] | [[Íomhá:Anas querquedula, Llobregat Delta, Barcelona 6.jpg|center|128px]] | Spatula querquedula | [[:commons:Category:Spatula querquedula|Spatula querquedula]] | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 511 | Q25334 | [[Spideog bhroinndearg|spideog]] | [[Íomhá:Erithacus rubecula with cocked head.jpg|center|128px]] | Erithacus rubecula | [[:commons:Category:Erithacus rubecula|Erithacus rubecula]] | 2.4 gram | 21 ceintiméadar | 15 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 512 | Q557745 | [[spideog phíb-bhán]] | [[Íomhá:Berkute (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | Irania gutturalis | [[:commons:Category:Irania gutturalis|Irania gutturalis]] | 2.66 gram | | 13 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 513 | Q25380 | [[spioróg]] | [[Íomhá:Accipiter nisus Meneer Zjeroen.jpg|center|128px]] | Accipiter nisus | [[:commons:Category:Accipiter nisus|Accipiter nisus]] | 110 gram<br/>22.5 gram<br/>150 gram<br/>290 gram | 0.67 méadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 514 | Q114338 | [[spioróg Leiveantach]] | [[Íomhá:Accipiter brevipes, male.jpg|center|128px]] | Accipiter brevipes | [[:commons:Category:Accipiter brevipes|Accipiter brevipes]] | | 0.7 méadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 515 | Q137474876 | [[Spioróg mhór]] | [[Íomhá:Northern Goshawk ad M2.jpg|center|128px]] | Astur gentilis | | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 516 | Q25421 | [[spágaire tonn]] | [[Íomhá:Little Grebe - Tachybaptus ruficollis 15-1.jpg|center|128px]] | Tachybaptus ruficollis | [[:commons:Category:Tachybaptus ruficollis|Tachybaptus ruficollis]] | 13.7 gram | 42 ceintiméadar | 20 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 517 | Q753741 | [[Gaineamhchearc bhiorearrach|steipcholúr biorearrach]] | [[Íomhá:Pterocles alchata (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | Pterocles alchata | [[:commons:Category:Pterocles alchata|Pterocles alchata]] | 25 gram<br/>250 gram<br/>225 gram | 59.5 ceintiméadar | 21 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 518 | Q383182 | [[Gaineamhchearc bholgdhubh|steipcholúr tarrdhubh]] | [[Íomhá:Pterocles orientalis 1921.jpg|center|128px]] | Pterocles orientalis | [[:commons:Category:Pterocles orientalis|Pterocles orientalis]] | 28 gram<br/>428 gram<br/>383 gram | 71.5 ceintiméadar | 23 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 519 | Q25352 | [[storc bán]] | [[Íomhá:00 4439 Storchennest mit Küken.jpg|center|128px]] | Ciconia ciconia | [[:commons:Category:Ciconia ciconia|Ciconia ciconia]] | 110 gram | 1.91 méadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 520 | Q25398 | [[storc dubh]] | [[Íomhá:Ciconia nigra -Kruger National Park-8.jpg|center|128px]] | Ciconia nigra | [[:commons:Category:Ciconia nigra|Ciconia nigra]] | | 1.5 méadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 521 | Q616393 | [[Ulchabhán mínlíneach|Strix leptogrammica]] | [[Íomhá:Brown Wood Owl (14157347364).jpg|center|128px]] | Strix leptogrammica | [[:commons:Category:Strix leptogrammica|Strix leptogrammica]] | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 522 | Q17592 | [[Struthio|Struthio camelus]] | [[Íomhá:North African Ostrich - Masai Ostrich (Struthio camelus massaicus) - Flickr - Lip Kee.jpg|center|128px]] | Struthio camelus | [[:commons:Category:Struthio camelus|Struthio camelus]] | 1.5 cileagram<br/>115 cileagram<br/>100 cileagram | | 42 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 523 | Q27043839 | [[Gearg Shíneach|Synoicus chinensis]] | [[Íomhá:Synoicus chinensis chinensis, Tanglin, Singapore 1.jpg|center|128px]] | Synoicus chinensis | [[:commons:Category:Synoicus chinensis|Synoicus chinensis]] | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 524 | Q192524 | [[séirín Canárach]] | [[Íomhá:Serinus canaria -Parque Rural del Nublo, Gran Canaria, Spain -male-8a.jpg|center|128px]] | Serinus canaria | [[:commons:Category:Serinus canaria|Serinus canaria]] | 1.54 gram<br/>15.3 gram | | 13 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 525 | Q26135 | [[síodeiteach Boihéamach]] | [[Íomhá:Bohemian waxwing (Bombycilla garrulus), Uitkerke, Belgium (16366736689).jpg|center|128px]] | Bombycilla garrulus | [[:commons:Category:Bombycilla garrulus|Bombycilla garrulus]] | | 34 ceintiméadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 526 | Q1084995 | [[Estrilda melpoda|síodghob leiceann flannbhuí]] | [[Íomhá:Orange-Cheeked Waxbill zackandzill.jpg|center|128px]] | Estrilda melpoda | [[:commons:Category:Estrilda melpoda|Estrilda melpoda]] | 0.68 gram<br/>7.8 gram | | 11 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 527 | Q26452 | [[Síolghé thaiga|síolghé]] | [[Íomhá:Anser fabalis fabalis (Taiga Bean Goose), Naturschutzgebiet Schellbruch, Lübeck, Germany.jpg|center|128px]] | Anser fabalis | [[:commons:Category:Anser fabalis|Anser fabalis]] | 146 gram<br/>3.198 cileagram<br/>2.843 cileagram | 1.62 méadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 528 | Q673280 | [[síolghé thundra]] | [[Íomhá:101777 豆雁來臨.jpg|center|128px]] | Anser serrirostris | [[:commons:Category:Anser serrirostris|Anser serrirostris]] | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 529 | Q241349 | [[Síolta chochaill|Síolta chochallach]] | [[Íomhá:Hooded merganser female in CP (40676).jpg|center|128px]] | Lophodytes cucullatus | [[:commons:Category:Lophodytes cucullatus|Lophodytes cucullatus]] | | 63 ceintiméadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 530 | Q200646 | [[síolta gheal]] | [[Íomhá:Mergellus albellus, Killingworth Lake, Northumberland 1.jpg|center|128px]] | Mergellus albellus | [[:commons:Category:Mergellus albellus|Mergellus albellus]] | 42 gram<br/>652 gram<br/>568 gram | 62 ceintiméadar | 27 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 531 | Q180991 | [[síolta mhór]] | [[Íomhá:Female Mergus merganser americanus at Las Gallinas Wildlife Ponds.jpg|center|128px]] | Mergus merganser | [[:commons:Category:Mergus merganser|Mergus merganser]] | 1.709 cileagram<br/>1.232 cileagram | 0.93 méadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 532 | Q189609 | [[síolta rua]] | [[Íomhá:Merganser (53630992394).jpg|center|128px]] | Mergus serrator | [[:commons:Category:Mergus serrator|Mergus serrator]] | 72 gram<br/>1.135 cileagram<br/>908 gram | 0.87 méadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 533 | Q205930 | [[tarmachan]] | [[Íomhá:Lagopus muta2.jpg|center|128px]] | Lagopus muta | [[:commons:Category:Lagopus muta|Lagopus muta]] | 665 gram<br/>555 gram | 57 ceintiméadar | 22 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 534 | Q218543 | [[Corr thíograch chíorbhán|Tigriornis leucolopha]] | [[Íomhá:White-crested Tiger-Heron - Ankasa - Ghana 14 S4E2068 (16010535898).jpg|center|128px]] | Tigriornis leucolopha | [[:commons:Category:Tigriornis leucolopha|Tigriornis leucolopha]] | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 535 | Q185784 | [[tiuf-teaf]] | [[Íomhá:Chiff Chaff (13324838524).jpg|center|128px]] | Phylloscopus collybita | [[:commons:Category:Phylloscopus collybita|Phylloscopus collybita]] | | 18 ceintiméadar | 13 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 536 | Q3729103 | [[Ceolaire Sindeach|tiuf-teaf sléibhe]] | [[Íomhá:Phylloscopus sindianus 1889.jpg|center|128px]] | Phylloscopus sindianus | [[:commons:Category:Phylloscopus sindianus|Phylloscopus sindianus]] | 7 gram | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 537 | Q667778 | [[tokoeka]] | [[Íomhá:Tokoeka.jpg|center|128px]] | Apteryx australis | [[:commons:Category:Apteryx australis|Apteryx australis]] | 2.208 cileagram<br/>2.535 cileagram | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 538 | Q607027 | [[torspideog ruadhonn]] | [[Íomhá:Agrobate roux au Parc National de l'Ichkeul (Tunisia), crop.jpg|center|128px]] | Cercotrichas galactotes | [[:commons:Category:Cercotrichas galactotes|Cercotrichas galactotes]] | 3.2 gram<br/>22.7 gram | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 539 | Q26017 | [[traonach]] | [[Íomhá:Corncrake2.jpg|center|128px]] | Crex crex | [[:commons:Category:Crex crex|Crex crex]] | 13.2 gram | 50 ceintiméadar | 17 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 540 | Q26717 | [[Tuirne lín Eorpach|tuirne lín]] | [[Íomhá:Caprimulgus europaeus g.JPG|center|128px]] | Caprimulgus europaeus | [[:commons:Category:Caprimulgus europaeus|Caprimulgus europaeus]] | | 60 ceintiméadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 541 | Q129958 | [[ulchabhán beag]] | [[Íomhá:Athene noctua, Ambula, Montenegro 1.jpg|center|128px]] | Athene noctua | [[:commons:Category:Athene noctua|Athene noctua]] | | 56 ceintiméadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 542 | Q174466 | [[ulchabhán bóireach]] | [[Íomhá:Aegolius-funereus-001.jpg|center|128px]] | Aegolius funereus | [[:commons:Category:Aegolius funereus|Aegolius funereus]] | | 56 ceintiméadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 543 | Q25756 | [[ulchabhán donn]] | [[Íomhá:Kautz.jpg|center|128px]] | Strix aluco | [[:commons:Category:Strix aluco|Strix aluco]] | 426 gram<br/>524 gram | 99 ceintiméadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 544 | Q200724 | [[ulchabhán mór liath]] | [[Íomhá:Strix nebulosa CT.jpg|center|128px]] | Strix nebulosa | [[:commons:Category:Strix nebulosa|Strix nebulosa]] | | 1.37 méadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 545 | Q190083 | [[ulchabhán na hÚraile]] | [[Íomhá:2012-11-01 Ural Owl, Novosibirsk Oblast, Russia.jpg|center|128px]] | Strix uralensis | [[:commons:Category:Strix uralensis|Strix uralensis]] | | 114.5 ceintiméadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 546 | Q25769 | [[ulchabhán réisc]] | [[Íomhá:Asio flammeus -Fazenda Campo de Ouro, Piraju, Sao Paulo, Brasil-8.jpg|center|128px]] | Asio flammeus | [[:commons:Category:Asio flammeus|Asio flammeus]] | | 102 ceintiméadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 547 | Q171563 | [[ulchabhán scopach Eoráiseach]] | [[Íomhá:Scops Owl (Otus scops), Kalloni, Lesvos, Greece, 19.04.2015 (16773748434).jpg|center|128px]] | Otus scops | [[:commons:Category:Otus scops|Otus scops]] | | 58.5 ceintiméadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 548 | Q1270124 | [[ulchabhán scopach Sokoke]] | [[Íomhá:Flickr - Rainbirder - Sokoke Scops Owl (Otus ireneae).jpg|center|128px]] | Otus ireneae | [[:commons:Category:Otus ireneae|Otus ireneae]] | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 549 | Q1256551 | [[ulchabhán seabhaic Oileán na Nollag]] | [[Íomhá:Christmas Island Hawk Owl.jpg|center|128px]] | Ninox natalis | [[:commons:Category:Ninox natalis|Ninox natalis]] | 184 gram | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 550 | Q193192 | [[Ulchabhán seabhaic|ulchabhán seabhaic tuaisceartach]] | [[Íomhá:Surnia-ulula-002.jpg|center|128px]] | Surnia ulula | [[:commons:Category:Surnia ulula|Surnia ulula]] | | 76 ceintiméadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 551 | Q170177 | [[ulchabhán sneachtúil]] | [[Íomhá:Bubo scandiacus male Muskegon.jpg|center|128px]] | Bubo scandiacus | [[:commons:Category:Bubo scandiacus|Bubo scandiacus]] | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 552 | Q1265138 | [[ulchabhán Soumagne]] | [[Íomhá:Tyto soumagnei 6733815.jpg|center|128px]] | Tyto soumagnei | [[:commons:Category:Tyto soumagnei|Tyto soumagnei]] | 380 gram | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 553 | Q926291 | [[ulchabhán síofrach]] | [[Íomhá:Elf Ow Cropped very small.jpg|center|128px]] | Micrathene whitneyi | [[:commons:Category:Micrathene whitneyi|Micrathene whitneyi]] | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 554 | Q467068 | [[ulchabhán uachasach]] | [[Íomhá:Athene cunicularia -Vale do Ribeira, Juquia, Sao Paulo, Brazil-8.jpg|center|128px]] | Athene cunicularia | [[:commons:Category:Athene cunicularia|Athene cunicularia]] | | 595 millimetre | |- | style='text-align:right'| 555 | Q207846 | [[éadar taibhseach]] | [[Íomhá:049 - KING EIDER (6-15-2016) barrow, alaska -06 (27577003883).jpg|center|128px]] | Somateria spectabilis | [[:commons:Category:Somateria spectabilis|Somateria spectabilis]] | 73 gram<br/>1.617 cileagram | 0.93 méadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 556 | Q93208 | [[éamú]] | [[Íomhá:Dromaius novaehollandiae (29619237017).jpg|center|128px]] | Dromaius novaehollandiae | [[:commons:Category:Dromaius novaehollandiae|Dromaius novaehollandiae]] | 581.2 gram<br/>32.7 cileagram<br/>38.3 cileagram | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 557 | Q131709 | [[éigrit bheag]] | [[Íomhá:Aigrette garzette au lac sud de Tunis (site RAMSAR).jpg|center|128px]] | Egretta garzetta | [[:commons:Category:Egretta garzetta|Egretta garzetta]] | 28 gram<br/>532 gram | 92 ceintiméadar | 21 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 558 | Q130730 | [[éigrit mhór]] | [[Íomhá:Ardea alba - Sydney Olympic Park.jpg|center|128px]] | Ardea alba | [[:commons:Category:Ardea alba|Ardea alba]] | | 1.44 méadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 559 | Q208763 | [[íbis bheannaithe]] | [[Íomhá:Threskiornis aethiopicus -Mida Creek mud flats, Kenya-8.jpg|center|128px]] | Threskiornis aethiopicus | [[:commons:Category:Threskiornis aethiopicus|Threskiornis aethiopicus]] | 62 gram | 118 ceintiméadar | 29 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 560 | Q589171 | [[íbis bhán Mheiriceánach]] | [[Íomhá:Eudocimus albus (4111616588).jpg|center|128px]] | Eudocimus albus | [[:commons:Category:Eudocimus albus|Eudocimus albus]] | 1.036 cileagram<br/>764 gram | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 561 | Q245414 | [[íbis mhaol thuaisceartach]] | [[Íomhá:Geronticus eremita.jpg|center|128px]] | Geronticus eremita | [[:commons:Category:Geronticus eremita|Geronticus eremita]] | 68 gram | | 27 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 562 | Q178811 | [[íbis niamhrach]] | [[Íomhá:Plegadis falcinellus Syracuse.jpg|center|128px]] | Plegadis falcinellus | [[:commons:Category:Plegadis falcinellus|Plegadis falcinellus]] | 633 gram | 0.89 méadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 563 | Q25388 | [[óiréal órga]] | [[Íomhá:Loriot d'Europe by Michel Idre.jpg|center|128px]] | Oriolus oriolus | [[:commons:Category:Oriolus oriolus|Oriolus oriolus]] | 7.3 gram | 46 ceintiméadar | 16 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 564 | Q576762 | [[órshúileach ceannsceadach]] | [[Íomhá:Bucephala-albeola-007.jpg|center|128px]] | Bucephala albeola | [[:commons:Category:Bucephala albeola|Bucephala albeola]] | 481 gram<br/>367 gram | 57 ceintiméadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 565 | Q369767 | [[órshúileach Íoslannach]] | [[Íomhá:Barrow's Goldeneye Drake Seedskadee NWR (16656643482).jpg|center|128px]] | Bucephala islandica | [[:commons:Category:Bucephala islandica|Bucephala islandica]] | 70 gram<br/>1.09 cileagram<br/>730 gram | 75.5 ceintiméadar | |} {{Wikidata list end}} k52yhk014hevws6kke4q8tayeyxktzm 0 95743 1318130 1286271 2026-06-20T22:08:13Z TGcoa 21229 1318130 wikitext text/x-wiki {{WD Bosca Sonraí Duine}} [[Filíocht|File]], teagascóir agus saighdiúir ab ea '''Aodh Buí Mac Cruitín''' (c.1680–1755).<ref name='Ainm'>{{Cite web-en|url=https://www.ainm.ie/Bio.aspx?ID=1346|title=MAC CRUITÍN, Aodh Buí (c.1680–1755) {{!}} ainm.ie|author=[[Diarmuid Breathnach]] agus [[Máire Ní Mhurchú]]|access-date=2024-02-19|language=ga|work=[[Ainm.ie|An Bunachar Náisiúnta Beathaisnéisí Gaeilge]] (Ainm.ie)}}</ref> Bhí Mac Cruitín ar dhuine de na filí ba bhisiúla ó [[Contae an Chláir|Chontae an Chláir]] a scríobh i rith an 18ú céad, cé gur chaith sé tréimhsí i mBaile Átha Cliath agus ar mhór-roinn na hEorpa.<ref>{{Lua idirlín|teideal=Páras agus an chéad fhoclóir Béarla-Gaeilge riamh|url=https://archives-en.centreculturelirlandais.com/online-exhibitions/paras-agus-an-chead-fhocloir-bearla-gaeilge-riamh|work=archives-en.centreculturelirlandais.com|dátarochtana=2026-06-20}}</ref> [[File:Dal gCais Tribal Map.png|thumb|Léarscáil Threibhe Thuamhan c. AD 1200]] == Beathaisnéis == Rugadh Aodh Buí Mac Cruitín sa bhliain 1680 nó i dtús na bliana 1681.Tá sé le tuiscint ó chuntais a d'fhág beirt scríbhneoirí áitiúla gurb é paróiste Chill Mhic Crithe ceantar dúchais an fhile. <ref>Lth. 15, 'An Crann os Coill; Aodh Buí Mac Cruitín, c.1680-1755' le Vincent Morley</ref>. Ba de shliocht teaghlach fileata as Thuamhain Mac Cruitín. Conchubhar Óg ab ainm dá athair.I g[[Cill Mhic Creiche]] in aice le [[Lios Ceannúir]], in iarthar an Chláir, a rugadh é. Ba de shliocht teaghlach [[Bard|fileata]] as [[Tuamhain|Thuamhain]] Mac Cruitín. Conchubhar Óg ab ainm dá athair. Bhí a mhuintir ina n-ollúna le seanchas ag na [[Ríthe Thuamhan|Brianaigh]], príomhtheaghlach an Chláir, leis na cianta. D’fhoghlaim sé Béarla agus Gaeilge óna athair agus bhí ar scoil ag a fhear gaoil, Aindrias Mac Cruitín, agus bhí in ann Laidin a léamh. Dhealródh an scéal gur chaith sé tamall i g[[Ciarraí]] agus é ina ógfhear. Phós Aodh agus bhí beirt iníonacha aige. D’aistrigh sé go Baile Átha Cliath tuairim 1713 agus chaith deich mbliana ann. Bhí sé ina bhall den ghrúpa arbh iad an triúr ba thábhachtaí díobh Tadhg Ó Neachtain, Risteárd Tuibear, agus Aodh féin; is dóigh gurbh é an scoláire ba mhó orthu é; ‘an crann os coill’ an cur síos air i ndán Thaidhg (‘Sloinfead scothadh na Gaoidheilge grinn’) [[Íomhá:Emplacement de l'ancien collège des Irlandais rue de la Vignette.jpg|clé|mion|290x290px|[[College des irlandais, Paris|Collège des Irlandais]], Coláiste na nGael go dtí 1793, rue de la Vignette]] Chum Aodh Buí idir dhánta siollacha do phátrúin, amhráin pholaitiúla do phobal níos leithne, agus dornán aistí ar théamaí pearsanta I measc baill eile dá theaghlach bhí an ceoltóir, Gilla Duibin Mac Cruitín (d’éag 1405), agus na filí [[Aindrias Mac Cruitín]] (c.1650-c.1738) agus Séamus Mac Cruitín (1815-1870). ==Dánta== * A Cholainn Chorra * Marbhna Thiarna an Chláir * Daoithe an Éithigh * Do Mheathadar Gaeil * Cuir Srian led Ghrá * Beannaigh an Bárc * Tabhair Foscadh Dom * Fada do Léan a Leabharáin * An Cuireat * A Bhanba is Feasach Dom do Scéala * Ar Chlann Tomáis * Dá nDearbhadh Bean * Barántas Aodha Bhuí * Glaisbhirt Chúipid * Do Thadhg Mac Conmara * Aodh Bhuí i bhFlóndras * Tréigid bhur dTromshuan * Aisling na dTrí Ré == Féach freisin == * [[Conchubhar Ó Beaglaoich]] * ''[[An Focloir Bearla Gaoidheilge]]'' * [[An Focloir Bearla Gaoidheilge|Foclóir Uí Bheaglaoich]] == Tagairtí == {{Refbegin}} * ''Aodh Buí Mac Cruitín'', curtha in eagar ag [[Vincent Morley]], Field Day Publications, 2012, x + 133 lgh. * ''Éire agus Cúis na Seacaibíteach, 1685-1766: Ceangal Marfach'', lch.&nbsp;137, 151, 152, 154, 162, 163, 250, 260, 261, Éamonn Ó Ciardha, Four Courts Press, 2001, 2004. {{Refend}} {{Reflist}} == Naisc sheachtracha == * [https://www.vmorley.org/index.html Vincent Morley] * [https://www.vmorley.org/crann.html An Crann os Coill:Aodh Buí Mac Cruitín, c. 1680-1755] * [https://www.clarelibrary.ie/eolas/coclare/literature/bardic/aodh_mac_cruitin.htm Clare’s Gaelic Bardic Tradition by Michael Mac Mahon] * [http://www.ricorso.net/rx/az-data/authors/Mac/M-Cruitin_AB/life.htm Aodh Buidhe Mac Cruitín] * [https://www.ainm.ie/Bio.aspx?ID=1346 MAC CRUITÍN, Aodh Buí (c.1680–1755)] *[https://www.clarelibrary.ie/eolas/coclare/literature/ar_phosadh.htm Ar phósadh Isibeal] {{DEFAULTSORT:Cruitin, Aodh Bui Mac}} [[Catagóir:Daoine as Contae an Chláir]] [[Catagóir:Filí Gaeilge]] [[Catagóir:Filí na hÉireann]] [[Catagóir:Básanna i 1775]] [[Catagóir:Daoine a rugadh i 1680]] [[Catagóir:Coláiste na nGael, Páras]] pe8onbu8g5j85pi82vzecf69z0q68lq 0 97356 1318124 1314261 2026-06-20T19:47:14Z InternetArchiveBot 47196 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1318124 wikitext text/x-wiki {{WD Bosca Sonraí Duine}} {{Glanadh}} Peileadóir proifisiúnta [[An Phortaingéil|Portaingéile]] is ea '''João Félix Sequeira''' (rugadh 10 Samhain 1999) a imríonn mar tosaí do chlub [[Primera División de España|La Liga]] [[An Spáinn|na Spáinne]] [[Atlético Madrid]] agus [[Foireann sacair naísiunta an Portaingéile|d’fhoireann náisiúnta na Portaingéile]]. Tá cáil mhór air mar cheann de na himreoirí óga is fearr dá ghlúin agus tá cáil air mar gheall ar a luas, a scóráil, a chruthaitheacht, a chumais acrobatacha, a theicníc agus a druíbleail, agus is féidir leis imirt mar cliathánaí nó mar [[imreoir lár páirce]] ionsaitheach<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://bleacherreport.com/articles/2858128-matthijs-de-ligt-joao-felix-jadon-sancho-on-20-man-2019-golden-boy-shortlist|teideal=Matthijs de Ligt, Joao Felix, Jadon Sancho on 20-Man 2019 Golden Boy Shortlist|údar=Matt Jones|language=en|work=Bleacher Report|dátarochtana=2021-04-06}}</ref><ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://en.as.com/en/2019/06/18/football/1560852116_870651.html|teideal=Tactical analysis of Joao Félix: a difference-making transfer|dáta=2019-06-18|language=en|work=AS.com|dátarochtana=2021-04-06|archivedate=2021-04-11|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210411125108/https://en.as.com/en/2019/06/18/football/1560852116_870651.html}}</ref>. Is minic a thugtar air freisin mar ''Menino de Ouro'' (An Buaicaill Orgá) ag meáin spóirt na Portaingéile agus na Spáinne<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://as.com/futbol/2019/09/18/videos/1568840817_906426.html|teideal=El bonito gesto de Cristiano con Joao Félix y la mirada del 'Menino de Ouro' que ya es viral|dáta=2019-09-18|language=es|work=AS.com|dátarochtana=2021-04-06}}</ref>. Ar dtús faoi oiliúint faoi acadamh óige [[Futebol Clube do Porto|Porto]], bhog Félix chun acadamh club iomaitheoir [[Sport Lisboa e Benfica|Benfica]] i 2015. Thosaigh sé ag imirt don bhfoireann cúltaca Benfica bliain ina dhiaidh sin agus tugadh ardú céime dó sa chéad fhoireann in 2018, ag 17 mbliana d’aois. Ina aon séasúr amháin leis an gclub, tháinig sé chun tosaigh mar phríomhchúlaí agus chuidigh sé le Benfica [[Primeira Liga|teideal na Sraithe]] a bhuachan agus bronnadh an t-Imreoir Óg is Fearr na Bliana Primeira Liga air agus an duais [[Golden Boy]]<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://tuttosport.com/news/calcio/golden-boy/2019/11/27-63853409/il_profilo_del_golden_boy_joo_flix_il_predestinato|teideal=Il profilo del Golden Boy João Félix: il predestinato|language=it|work=tuttosport.com|dátarochtana=2021-04-06|archivedate=2020-12-12|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201212054651/https://www.tuttosport.com/news/calcio/golden-boy/2019/11/27-63853409/il_profilo_del_golden_boy_joo_flix_il_predestinato}}</ref>. Go hidirnáisiúnta, ba é an t-imreoir ab óige riamh é chun scór hata a scóráil i [[UEFA Europa League|Sraith Europa UEFA]], ag 18 mbliana d’aois. In 2019, shínigh Atlético Madrid Félix ó Benfica ar tháille curiarracht club de €126 milliún, rud a fhágann gurb é an 4ú imreoir is costasaí é, an 2ú déagóir is costasaí (í ndiaidh [[Kylian Mbappé]]) agus an t-imreoir Primeira Liga is costasaí sa stair. Go gairid ina dhiaidh sin, bhí Félix liostaithe i measc an ghearrliosta don [[Ballon d’Or]] agus chríochnaigh sé sa tríú háit do [[Kopa Trophy|Thrófaí Kopa]] in 2019<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.francefootball.fr/diaporama/Le-classement-complet-du-ballon-d-or-france-football-2019/7777/|teideal=Le classement complet du Ballon d'Or France Football 2019|work=France Football|dátarochtana=2021-04-06|archivedate=2019-12-02|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191202201606/https://www.francefootball.fr/diaporama/Le-classement-complet-du-ballon-d-or-france-football-2019/7777/}}</ref>. Is iar-idirnáisiúnta óige na Portaingéile é Félix, a dhéanann ionadaíocht ar a thír ag leibhéil [[Foireann sacair naísiunta an Portaingéile Faoi-18|faoi-18]], [[Foireann sacair naísiunta an Portaingéile faoi-19|faoi-19]], agus [[Foireann sacair naísiunta an Portaingéile faoi-21|faoi-21]]. Thuill sé a chéad chaipín don fhoireann náisiúnta sinsearach, le linn na mbabhtaí leathcheannais de [[Sraith na Náisiún UEFA|Chluichí Ceannais Sraith na Náisiún UEFA]] 2019 áit ar bhuaigh an Phortaingéil. == Gairm club == === Gairm go luaith === Rugadh Félix i [[Viseu]]<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://int.soccerway.com/players/joao-felix--sequeira/459986/|teideal=Portugal - João Félix - Profile with news, career statistics and history - Soccerway|work=int.soccerway.com|dátarochtana=2021-04-06}}</ref>, agus thosaigh sé ag imirt peile ag Os Pestinhas i 2007 sula ndeachaigh sé le céimeanna óige [[Futebol Clube do Porto|FC Porto]] bliain ina dhiaidh sin, ag ocht mbliana d’aois<ref name=":0">{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.dn.pt/desportos/benfica-segura-joao-felix-o-miudo-franzino-que-nao-foi-aproveitado-pelo-fc-porto-10114601.html|teideal=João Félix, o miúdo franzino que o FC Porto não aproveitou|language=pt|work=www.dn.pt|dátarochtana=2021-04-06|archivedate=2020-04-15|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200415171836/https://www.dn.pt/desportos/benfica-segura-joao-felix-o-miudo-franzino-que-nao-foi-aproveitado-pelo-fc-porto-10114601.html}}</ref>. Tar éis do Félix bogadh go [[Porto]], thug sé aghaidh ar roinnt dúshlán mar sceidil fhairsinge a chuimsigh uaireanta tointeála laethúla idir Viseu agus Porto<ref name=":1">{{Lua idirlín|url=https://maisfutebol.iol.pt/reportagem/benfica/joao-felix-a-historia-do-miudo-que-cresceu-muito-depressa|teideal=João Félix, a história do miúdo que cresceu muito depressa|language=pt|work=Maisfutebol|dátarochtana=2021-04-07}}</ref>. Bhog sé amach as teach a thuismitheoirí ag dhá bhliain déag d’aois chun cónaí in aice le tailte oiliúna óige Porto<ref name=":1" />. in agallamh níos déanaí, nocht Félix gur mheas sé le linn na tréimhse seo peil a fageann mar gheall ar an easpa ama imeartha, ach chuir a athair ina luí air leanúint dá gairm<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.dn.pt/desportos/joao-felix-acho-que-penso-um-bocado-mais-a-frente-10643175.html|teideal=João Félix: ″Acho que penso um bocado mais à frente″|language=pt|work=www.dn.pt|dátarochtana=2021-04-07|archivedate=2021-05-12|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210512084704/https://www.dn.pt/desportos/joao-felix-acho-que-penso-um-bocado-mais-a-frente-10643175.html}}</ref>. Scaoil Porto Félix in 2014 mar gheall ar a fhráma beag (séanann Félix na héilimh seo agus deir sé gur fhág sé dá thoil féin.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/football/2021/02/22/interviewjoao-felix-admiration-mason-mount-portugals-golden/|teideal=Interview: Joao Felix on his admiration for Mason Mount, being Portugal’s Golden Boy and joining the Mbappe v Haaland rivalry|údar=Matt Law|dáta=2021-02-22|language=en-GB|work=The Telegraph|dátarochtana=2021-04-07}}</ref>). Bhog sé ar aghaidh chuig iomaitheoirí [[Liospóin]] [[Sport Lisboa e Benfica|Benfica]] in 2015, ag 15 bliana d’aois, tar éis iasacht séasúir ag [[Padroense F.C|Padroense]]<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.ojogo.pt/futebol/1a-liga/benfica/noticias/joao-felix-o-magricela-que-escapou-ao-fc-porto-e-brilha-no-benfica-6245594.html|teideal=João Félix, o magricela que escapou ao FC Porto e brilha no Benfica|language=pt|work=www.ojogo.pt|dátarochtana=2021-04-07|archivedate=2021-06-03|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210603083823/https://www.ojogo.pt/futebol/1a-liga/benfica/noticias/joao-felix-o-magricela-que-escapou-ao-fc-porto-e-brilha-no-benfica-6245594.html}}</ref><ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://rr.sapo.pt/2019/06/19/benfica/presidente-do-padroense-orgulhoso-pelo-contributo-do-clube-no-crescimento-de-felix/noticia/155267/|teideal=Presidente do Padroense orgulhoso pelo contributo do clube no crescimento de Félix - Renascença|údar=Renascença|dáta=2019-06-19|language=pt-pt|work=Rádio Renascença|dátarochtana=2021-04-07|archivedate=2019-09-11|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190911171500/https://rr.sapo.pt/2019/06/19/benfica/presidente-do-padro}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/09/12/sports/joao-felix-atletico-madrid.html|teideal=João Félix Is in a Hurry. So Is Everyone Else.|údar=Rory Smith|dáta=2019-09-12|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|dátarochtana=2021-04-07}}</ref>. === Benfica === Rinne Félix a ghairmí ag aois 16 d’fhoireann chúltaca [[Benfica B|Benfica]] i [[LigaPro]] an 17 Meán Fómhair 2016, ag teacht ar aghaidh mar ionadach 83 nóiméad do [[Aurélio Buta]] i dtarraingt gan sprioc ag [[S.C Freamunde|Freamunde]]. Agus é sin á dhéanamh, ba é an t-imreoir ab óige é chun tús a chur le Benfica B<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.record.pt/futebol/futebol-nacional/liga-nos/benfica/detalhe/joao-felix-e-o-mais-novo-de-sempre-a-jogar-pela-benfica-b|teideal=Jo&atilde;o F&eacute;lix &eacute; o mais novo de sempre a jogar pelo Benfica B|language=pt-PT|work=www.record.pt|dátarochtana=2021-04-07|archivedate=2018-10-01|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20181001031308/https://www.record.pt/futebol/futebol-nacional/liga-nos/benfica/detalhe/joao-felix-e-o-mais-novo-de-sempre-a-jogar-pela-benfica-b}}</ref>. D’imir sé 13 chluiche agus scóráil sé trí chúilín i rith an tséasúir, an chéad cheann mar shólás i gcaillteanas 2-1 ar a fhoireann baile dúchais [[Académico de Viseu F.C|Académico de Viseu]] an 15 Feabhra 2017<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://maisfutebol.iol.pt/academico-viseu/15-02-2017/ii-liga-benfica-b-procura-3-vitoria-seguida-em-casa-do-ac-viseu|teideal=II Liga: Benfica B perde com o Académico em Viseu (2-1)|language=pt|work=Maisfutebol|dátarochtana=2021-04-07}}</ref>. Níos déanaí, an 30 Eanáir 2018, scóráil sé tréchleas i mbua 5–0 sa bhaile ar [[F.C Famalicão|Famalicão]]<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.dn.pt/desporto/benfica/joao-felix-marca-tres-golos-na-goleada-do-benfica-b-ao-famalicao-9085800.html|teideal=João Félix marca três golos na goleada do Benfica B ao Famalicão|language=pt|work=www.dn.pt|dátarochtana=2021-04-07}}</ref>. Le linn an tséasúir sin, d’imir Félix i [[Sraith Óige UEFA]] 2016–17, ina raibh sé ina chuid lárnach de Benfica ag sroicheadh cluiche ceannais an chomórtais, ag chaill go [[FC Red Bull Salzburg|Red Bull Salzburg]] (2-1); scóráil sé sé chúilín sa chomórtas. Tugadh ardú céime do Félix ar an gcéad fhoireann de Benfica don séasúr 2018–19, ag déanamh a chéad chluiche i mbua 2–0 Primeira Liga ag [[Boavista F.C|Boavista]] an 18 Lúnasa. Seachtain ina dhiaidh sin, scóráil sé a chéad sprioc Primeira Liga, agus mar sin bhí sé ar an imreoir ab óige a scóráil i n[[darbái Liospóin]], a chríochnaigh le comhionannas vótaí 1–1<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.slbenfica.pt/en-us/agora/noticias/2018-2019/08/25/joao-felix-declaracoes-futebol-benfica-sporting-derbi-3-jornada-liga-nos|teideal=João Félix: “I shivered”|language=en|work=www.slbenfica.pt|dátarochtana=2021-04-07}}</ref>. An 16 Eanáir 2019, scóráil sé an sprioc cháilitheach i gcoinne [[Vitória S.C|Vitória de Guimarães]] i mbabhtaí ceathrú ceannais [[Taça de Portugal|Chorn na Portaingéile]]<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://24.sapo.pt/desporto/artigos/golo-de-joao-felix-apura-benfica-para-as-meias-finais-da-taca-de-portugal|teideal=Golo de João Félix apura Benfica para as meias-finais da Taça de Portugal|údar=SAPO|language=pt|work=SAPO 24|dátarochtana=2021-04-07}}</ref>. Tar éis Bruno Lage a cheapadh mar chóitseálaí ar Benfica, ba é a chéad chinneadh Félix a úsáid níos rialta, ag cuireann sé leis [[Haris Seferović]] in ionsaí<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.publico.pt/2019/05/23/desporto/noticia/lage-recorda-primeira-decisao-treinador-meter-miudo-joao-felix-jogar-1873832|teideal=A primeira decisão de Lage: “Meter o miúdo João Félix a jogar”|údar=Diogo Cardoso Oliveira, Rui Gaudêncio|language=pt|work=PÚBLICO|dátarochtana=2021-04-07}}</ref>. Níos déanaí, moladh Félix as a fheidhmíocht i mbua 4–2 as [[Sporting Clube de Portugal|Sporting CP]] sa léig an 3 Feabhra<ref name=":2">{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.paraeles.pt/desporto/joao-felix-uma-mistura-de-rui-costa-e-joao-pinto-com-tracos-de-cruyff/|teideal=João Félix, uma mistura de Rui Costa e João Pinto com traços de Cruyff (com vídeos)|dáta=2019-02-06|language=pt-PT|work=Para Eles|dátarochtana=2021-04-07}}</ref>. De réir mar a d’ardaigh a phróifíl, ghlac roinnt clubanna Eorpacha spéis san imreoir óg<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://abola.pt/Clubes/Noticias/Ver/772041/40/|teideal=A BOLA - Cláusula de rescisão de João Félix pode subir (Benfica)|dáta=2019-02-05|work=web.archive.org|dátarochtana=2021-04-07|archivedate=2019-02-05|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190205160452/https://abola.pt/Clubes/Noticias/Ver/772041/40/}}</ref>.Mí ina dhiaidh sin, scóráil sé an Cothromóir i mbua 2-1 ar Porto sa léig<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://maisfutebol.iol.pt/benfica/liga/joao-felix-explica-festejo-de-joelhos-no-dragao|teideal=João Félix explica festejo de joelhos no Dragão|language=pt|work=Maisfutebol|dátarochtana=2021-04-07}}</ref>. An 11 Aibreán 2019, scóráil Félix tréchleas i mbua 4–2 [[UEFA Europa League]] ar [[Eintracht Frankfurt]]. Agus é sin á dhéanamh, bhí sé ar an imreoir ab óige riamh (19 mbliana d’aois agus 152 lá) chun tréchleas a scóráil sa chomórtas, ag briseadh taifead [[Marko Pjaca]] faoi 67 lá<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/47903362|teideal=Benfica's Felix, 19, scores hat-trick|language=en-GB|work=BBC Sport|dátarochtana=2021-04-07}}</ref>. Chríochnaigh Félix a chéad séasúr le 20 cúilín dá fhoireann, lena n-áirítear ceann ar an lá deiridh d’fheachtas na sraithe, i mbua 4-1 ar [[C.D. Santa Clara|Santa Clara]] chun an teideal a dhaingniú<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.ojogo.pt/futebol/1a-liga/benfica/noticias/benfica-santa-clara-joao-felix-chega-aos-20-golos-pela-equipa-principal-10914534.html|teideal=Benfica-Santa Clara: João Félix chega aos 20 golos pela equipa principal|language=pt|work=www.ojogo.pt|dátarochtana=2021-04-07|archivedate=2021-09-25|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210925163946/https://www.ojogo.pt/futebol/1a-liga/benfica/noticias/benfica-santa-clara-joao-felix-chega-aos-20-golos-pela-equipa-principal-10914534.html}}</ref>. Ba é an comh-4ú scóróir is airde sa séasúr é, le 15 chúilín<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://maisfutebol.iol.pt/benfica/campeao/goleadores-seferovic-e-o-melhor-marcador-da-liga|teideal=GOLEADORES: Seferovic é o melhor marcador da Liga|language=pt|work=Maisfutebol|dátarochtana=2021-04-07}}</ref>. Ar fud na seacht sraithe is fearr san Eoraip, bhí sé sa dara háit i measc déagóirí le haghaidh spriocanna agus cuidíonn sé, taobh thiar de [[Kai Havertz]] agus [[Jadon Sancho]], faoi seach. === Atlético Madrid === {{Quote box|width=28%|align=right|quote="D'iarr siad air cheana féin mo oidhre nó an Kaká nua. Le bheith ionraic, níl i Félix ach Félix. Tá tuiscint urghnách aige ar an gcluiche agus an cumas neamhchoitianta fios a bheith aige cá háit a bheith os comhair na chúil."|source=— [[Rui Costa]] maidir le stíl imeartha Félix<ref name="davis">{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/48385500|title=Joao Felix: The Benfica wonderkid who has been called the most exciting player since Cristiano Ronaldo|work=BBC Sport|last=Davis|first=Matt|date=26 May 2019|access-date=27 May 2019}}</ref><ref name="Rui Costa on Félix">{{cite news|url=https://www.record.pt/futebol/futebol-nacional/liga-nos/benfica/detalhe/rui-costa-sobre-joao-felix-ha-jogadores-que-nao-conseguimos-reter-em-portugal|title=Rui Costa sobre João Félix: "Há jogadores que não conseguimos reter em Portugal"|newspaper=[[Record (newspaper)|Record]]|language=pt|date=22 March 2019|teideal=Cóip cartlainne|dátarochtana=8 Aibreán 2021|archivedate=21 Lúnasa 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190821232218/https://www.record.pt/futebol/futebol-nacional/liga-nos/benfica/detalhe/rui-costa-sobre-joao-felix-ha-jogadores-que-nao-conseguimos-reter-em-portugal}}</ref>}} ==== 2019–20: Céad séasúr ==== An 3 Iúil 2019, shínigh Félix conradh seacht mbliana leis an gclub Spáinneach [[Club Atlético de Madrid|Atlético Madrid]] ar tháille aistrithe de €126 milliún, an ceathrú suim is airde a íocadh riamh sa pheil<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=http://www.theguardian.com/football/2019/jul/03/atletico-madrid-sign-benfica-teenager-joao-felix-for-fee-of-126m|teideal=Atlético Madrid sign teenager João Felix from Benfica for €126m fee|údar=Reuters|dáta=2019-07-03|language=en|work=the Guardian|dátarochtana=2021-04-07}}</ref> (ba é seo an t-aistriú is mó ag Benfica agus an ceann is costasaí Atlético ag síniú riamh) chomh maith leis an dara táille is airde a íocadh riamh le déagóir (tar éis [[Kylian Mbappé]]), leis an gclub Spáinneach €30 milliún a íoc ar dtús agus an €96 milliún eile trí thráthchodanna, rud níos sháraigh clásal scaoilte €120 milliún Félix, agus le Benfica ag íoc €12 milliún i seirbhísí idirghabhála<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.slbenfica.pt/pt-pt/agora/noticias/2019/07/03/futebol-benfica-comunicado-cmvm-joao-felix-atletico-de-madrid|teideal=Comunicado à CMVM|language=pt|work=www.slbenfica.pt|dátarochtana=2021-04-07}}</ref><ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.espn.com/soccer/soccer-transfers/story/3877518/atletico-pay-126m-to-sign-new-ronaldo-felix|teideal=Atletico pay €126m to sign 'New Ronaldo' Felix|dáta=2019-07-03|language=en|work=ESPN.com|dátarochtana=2021-04-07}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/48859847|teideal=Atletico Madrid sign Felix for £113m|language=en-GB|work=BBC Sport|dátarochtana=2021-04-07}}</ref>. Tugadh an léine # 7 do Félix nuair a tháinig sé go Atlético, mar a d’imigh seanúimhir 7 [[Antoine Griezmann]] go [[Futbol Club Barcelona|Barcelona]]<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.impala.pt/desporto/joao-felix-atletico-madrid/|teideal=João Félix apresentado em direto pelo Atlético de Madrid [vídeo]|dáta=2019-07-08|language=pt-PT|work=Impala|dátarochtana=2021-04-07|archivedate=2019-08-20|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190820171628/https://www.impala.pt/desporto/joao-felix-atletico-madrid/}}</ref><ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.dn.pt/desportos/oficial-joao-felix-no-atletico-de-madrid-11056397.html|teideal=João Félix no At. Madrid por sete temporadas|language=pt|work=www.dn.pt|dátarochtana=2021-04-07}}</ref>. Rinne Félix a chéad chluiche iomaíoch an 19 Lúnasa 2019, i mbua 1–0 ar [[Getafe CF|Getafe]]<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.marca.com/en/football/spanish-football/cronica/2019/08/19/5d59d500268e3e1b448b45c2.html|teideal=Atletico Madrid start the season in typical fashion|dáta=2019-08-18|language=en|work=MARCA in English|dátarochtana=2021-04-07}}</ref>. Bhuaigh Félix cic pionóis do Atlético le linn an chluiche, áfach, níor éirigh le [[Álvaro Morata]] é a scóráil<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://pt.besoccer.com/noticia/a-jogada-de-joao-felix-de-que-todos-falam-581512|teideal=A jogada de João Félix de que todos falam|language=pt|work=pt.besoccer.com|dátarochtana=2021-04-07|archivedate=2019-08-20|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190820171625/https://pt.besoccer.com/noticia/a-jogada-de-joao-felix-de-que-todos-falam-581512}}</ref><ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.abola.pt/nnh/Noticias/Ver/802008|teideal=A BOLA|language=pt|work=A Bola|dátarochtana=2021-04-07|archivedate=2019-08-18|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190818235517/https://www.abola.pt/nnh/Noticias/Ver/802008}}</ref>. Ar 25 Lúnasa, chuir Félix cúnta ar fáil do [[Vitolo]] i mbua 1-0 i gcoinne [[CD Leganés|Leganés]]<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://observador.pt/2019/08/25/ainda-sem-golos-mas-com-assistencia-atl-madrid-bate-leganes-com-joao-felix-a-assistir-para-o-golo-da-vitoria/|teideal=Ainda sem golos mas com assistência: Atl. Madrid bate Leganés com João Félix a assistir para o golo da vitória|údar=Mariana Fernandes|language=pt-PT|work=Observador|dátarochtana=2021-04-07}}</ref>. Scóráil sé a chéad sprioc [[Primera División de España|La Liga]] an 1 Meán Fómhair, i mbua 3–2 ar [[SD Eibar|Eibar]]; cuireadh in ionad [[Thomas Partey]] é sa 84ú nóiméad. Ar 1 Deireadh Fómhair, scóráil Félix a chéad sprioc sa [[UEFA Champions League|Shraith Seaimpíní UEFA]] agus bhunaigh sé sprioc eile i mbua 2–0 ar shiúl i gcoinne [[Lokomotiv Moscow]], agus é ar an imreoir is óige d’Atlético Madrid sa chomórtas sa phróiseas, ag 19 mbliana d’aois<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://sol.sapo.pt/artigo/672943/joao-felix-estreia-se-a-marcar-na-liga-dos-campeoes-e-faz-historia-ao-quebrar-recorde-video|teideal=João Félix estreia-se a marcar na Liga dos Campeões e faz história ao quebrar recorde {{!}} Vídeo|language=pt|work=Jornal SOL|dátarochtana=2021-04-07}}</ref>. An 19 Deireadh Fómhair, d’fhulaing Félix gortú rúitín i gcoinne [[Valencia Club de Fútbol|Valencia]], tar éis dúshlán gríos le [[Dani Parejo]]<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.cmjornal.pt/desporto/futebol/detalhe/joao-felix-lesionou-se-com-gravidade-no-jogo-contra-o-valencia|teideal=João Félix lesionou-se com gravidade no jogo contra o Valência|language=pt-PT|work=www.cmjornal.pt|dátarochtana=2021-04-07}}</ref>. Creidtear ar dtús gur mionghortú a bhí ann, aistríodh Félix go dtí an taobhlíne ar feadh míosa tar éis a chinneadh go bhféadfadh an díobháil a bheith go dona<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.cmjornal.pt/desporto/futebol/detalhe/saiba-qual-o-tempo-de-paragem-de-joao-felix-apos-lesao|teideal=Saiba qual o tempo de paragem de João Félix após lesão|language=pt-PT|work=www.cmjornal.pt|dátarochtana=2021-04-07}}</ref>. D’fhill Félix ar ais an 23 Samhain i gcluiche 1-1 comhscor i gcoinne [[Granada CF|Granada]]<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.laliga.com/en-GB/match/temporada-2019-2020-laliga-santander-granada-cf-atletico-de-madrid-14|teideal=Granada CF vs Atlético de Madrid - LaLiga Santander|language=en|work=Página web oficial de LaLiga {{!}} LaLiga|dátarochtana=2021-04-07|archivedate=2019-11-13|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191113003433/https://www.laliga.com/en-GB/match/temporada-2019-2020-laliga-santander-granada-cf-atletico-de-madrid-14}}</ref>. Le linn na tréimhse seo, bhí Félix ar cheann de na 30 iarrthóir a ainmníodh do [[Ballon d’Or]] 2019<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.theportugalnews.com/news/ronaldo-felix-and-silva-nominated-for-ballon-dor/51730|teideal=Ronaldo, Félix and Silva nominated for Ballon d´Or|language=en|work=www.theportugalnews.com|dátarochtana=2021-04-07|archivedate=2019-11-28|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191128143844/https://www.theportugalnews.com/news/ronaldo-felix-and-silva-nominated-for-ballon-dor/51730}}</ref>. [[Íomhá:20191002SR.jpg|mion|Félix í rith cluiche [[UEFA Champions League]] leis [[Club Atlético de Madrid|Atlético Madrid]] í gcoinne [[Lokomotiv Moscow]]]] An 27 Samhain 2019, tháinig Félix ar an dara imreoir Portaingéile, tar éis [[Renato Sanches]], chun Gradam [[Golden Boy]] a bhuachan don imreoir is fearr san Eoraip faoi 21 bliana d’aois, chun tosaigh ar [[Jadon Sancho]] de chuid [[Borussia Dortmund]]<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/50570064|teideal=Felix wins Golden Boy award|language=en-GB|work=BBC Sport|dátarochtana=2021-04-07}}</ref>. I mí na Nollag, chuir Félix an 28ú háit sna pobalbhreitheanna vótála do Ballon d’Or 2019<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.manisteenews.com/sports/article/US-soccer-star-Rapinoe-wins-Ballon-d-Or-14876298.php|teideal=Megan Rapinoe, Lionel Messi win Ballon d’Or awards - Manistee News Advocate|dáta=2019-12-03|work=web.archive.org|dátarochtana=2021-04-07|archivedate=2019-12-03|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191203150930/https://www.manisteenews.com/sports/article/US-soccer-star-Rapinoe-wins-Ballon-d-Or-14876298.php}}</ref>. Thar na míonna ina dhiaidh sin, tháinig meath suntasach ar fhoirm Félix agus é ag streachailt le himirt de réir stíl imeartha an bhainisteora [[Diego Simeone]]. Bhí sé ídithe go minic agus é ag iarraidh brú a chur ar imreoirí freasúracha agus níor éirigh go maith leis mar cliathánaí ná mar an dara stailceoir<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.noticiasaominuto.com/desporto/1408480/joao-felix-nao-esta-feliz-no-atletico-o-sistema-de-simeone-desgasta-o|teideal="João Félix não está feliz no Atlético. O sistema de Simeone desgasta-o"|dáta=2020-02-06|language=pt|work=Notícias ao Minuto|dátarochtana=2021-04-07}}</ref>. Mar thoradh air sin, thosaigh roinnt meán sa Spáinn ag tagairt do Félix mar teip<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://sol.sapo.pt/artigo/682102/joao-felix-entre-as-desilusoes-da-la-liga|teideal=João Félix entre as desilusões da La Liga|language=pt|work=Jornal SOL|dátarochtana=2021-04-07}}</ref>. An 9 Eanáir 2020, rinne Félix a chéad chluiche sa [[Supercopa de España]], ag tosú i mbua 3–2 i gcoinne Barcelona i mbabhtaí leathcheannais an chomórtais<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.laliga.com/en-GB/match/temporada-2019-2020-supercopa-de-espana-fc-barcelona-atletico-de-madrid-1|teideal=FC Barcelona vs Atlético de Madrid - Supercopa de España|language=en|work=Página web oficial de LaLiga {{!}} LaLiga|dátarochtana=2021-04-07}}</ref>. Le linn an chluiche, bhí baint ag Félix le achrann le [[Jordi Alba]] agus a chomhpháirtithe foirne [[Lionel Messi]] agus [[Luis Suárez]]<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.dn.pt/desportos/joao-felix-e-messi-pegados-no-intervalo-do-barcelona-at-madrid-11689592.html|teideal=João Félix e Messi pegados no intervalo do Barcelona-At. Madrid (com vídeo)|language=pt|work=www.dn.pt|dátarochtana=2021-04-07}}</ref>. An 12 Eanáir, chaill Atlético Madrid a n-iomaitheoirí [[Real Madrid Club de Fútbol|Real Madrid]] 4-1 ar phionóis sa chluiche ceannais<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.laliga.com/en-GB/match/temporada-2019-2020-supercopa-de-espana-real-madrid-atletico-de-madrid-2|teideal=Real Madrid vs Atlético de Madrid - Supercopa de España|language=en|work=Página web oficial de LaLiga {{!}} LaLiga|dátarochtana=2021-04-07}}</ref>. An 23 Eanáir, rinne Félix a chéad uair [[Copa del Rey]] i mBabhta 32, ag soláthar cúnaimh d’[[Ángel Correa]] i gcaillteanas 2-1 i gcoinne [[Cultural y Deportiva Leonesa|Cultúrtha Leonesa]]<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.laliga.com/en-GB/match/temporada-2019-2020-copa-del-rey-cultural-leonesa-atletico-de-madrid-3|teideal=Cultural Leonesa vs Atlético de Madrid - Copa del Rey|language=en|work=Página web oficial de LaLiga {{!}} LaLiga|dátarochtana=2021-04-07}}</ref>. Trí lá ina dhiaidh sin, d’fhulaing Félix an dara gortú dá chos i dtarraingt baile 0–0 i gcoinne Leganés, ag tabhairt é neamhghníomhach ar feadh míosa, agus ag cur air go gcaillfeadh sé na chéad trí chluiche sraithe eile de chuid Atlético Madrid, a chuimsigh an dara Darbai Maidrid den séasúr agus an chéad chos ag Atlético Madrid dá mbabhta 16 [[UEFA Champions League|Sraith na Seaimpíní]] i gcoinne seaimpíní [[Liverpool Football Club|Liverpool]] a chosaint<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.abola.pt/nnh/2020-01-29/atletico-madrid-joao-felix-lesiona-se-e-esta-em-duvida-para-o-derbi/826785|teideal=A BOLA|language=pt|work=A Bola|dátarochtana=2021-04-07|archivedate=2020-03-22|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200322184736/https://www.abola.pt/nnh/2020-01-29/atletico-madrid-joao-felix-lesiona-se-e-esta-em-duvida-para-o-derbi/826785}}</ref>. D’fhill sé ar ais an 23 Feabhra, ag teacht in áit Vitolo sa 57ú nóiméad, agus ag scóráil an tríú cúl i mbua 3-1 sa bhaile i gcoinne [[Villarreal CF|Villarreal]]<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.laliga.com/en-GB/match/temporada-2019-2020-laliga-santander-atletico-de-madrid-villarreal-cf-25|teideal=Atlético de Madrid vs Villarreal CF - LaLiga Santander|language=en|work=Página web oficial de LaLiga {{!}} LaLiga|dátarochtana=2021-04-07}}{{Dead link|date=Aibreán 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>. An 11 Márta 2020, le linn am breise sa dara cuid de cheangal Atlético i gcoinne Liverpool, chuir Félix cúnamh ar fáil do [[Marcos Llorente]] i mbua 3–2 as baile sa deireadh, a cháiligh a fhoireann do bhabhtaí ceathrú ceannais an chomórtais<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.standard.co.uk/sport/football/liverpool-vs-atletico-madrid-live-score-champions-league-result-a4385036.html|teideal=Liverpool crash out of Champions League to Atletico Madrid at Anfield|údar=Tom Doyle|dáta=2020-03-12|language=en|work=www.standard.co.uk|dátarochtana=2021-04-07}}</ref>. Ar 25 Bealtaine, fógraíodh go raibh gortú ar a ghlúin chlé ag Félix, ag cur iallach air a bheithar an taobhlíne  ar feadh trí seachtaine ar a laghad<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.jn.pt/desporto/artigo/joao-felix-lesiona-se-nos-ligamentos-do-joelho-esquerdo/12235797|teideal=João Félix lesiona-se nos ligamentos do joelho esquerdo|work=www.jn.pt|dátarochtana=2021-04-07}}</ref>. An 13 Lúnasa, cuireadh Félix ina ionad sa dara leath i gcoinne [[FC Red Bull Leipzig|RB Leipzig]] i mbabhtaí ceathrú ceannais Sraith na Seaimpíní, ag buachan agus ag scórail pionóis chun cothromú a dhéanamh d’Atlético; chríochnódh an cluiche i caill 1–2 a d’fhág go raibh a thaobh ag imeacht ón gcomórtas<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/53730258|teideal=Leipzig into Champions League semi-final|language=en-GB|work=BBC Sport|dátarochtana=2021-04-07}}</ref>. ==== Seasúr 2020-2021 ==== An 27 Meán Fómhair 2020, i gcluiche oscailte La Liga Atlético, scóráil Félix, thug sé cúnamh agus d’éirigh leis pionós a bhuachan dá thaobh tar éis dó a bheith salach laistigh den bhosca (ar theip ar [[Saúl Ñíguez]] a thiontú ina dhiaidh sin), i mbua 6-1 ag Atlético ina choinne Granada<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=http://www.theguardian.com/football/2020/sep/27/luis-suarez-comes-off-bench-to-score-atletico-debut-double-in-rout-of-granada|teideal=Luis Suárez comes off bench to score Atlético debut double in rout of Granada|dáta=2020-09-27|language=en|work=the Guardian|dátarochtana=2021-04-07}}</ref>. An 27 Deireadh Fómhair, scóráil sé peire i mbua 3–2 ar [[FC Red Bull Salzburg|Red Bull Salzburg]] i gcéim ghrúpa Sraith na Seaimpíní UEFA 2020–21<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/54710295|teideal=Atlético Madrid v FC Red Bull Salzburg|language=en-GB|work=BBC Sport|dátarochtana=2021-04-07}}</ref>. Tar éis peire cúl le cúl i gcoinne [[CA Osasuna|Osasuna]] agus [[Cádiz CF|Cádiz]] i La Liga, ainmníodh é mar Imreoir na Míosa na sraithe do mhí na Samhna 2020<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.laliga.com/en-GB/news/joao-felix-named-laliga-santander-player-of-the-month-for-november|teideal=Joao Felix named LaLiga Santander Player of the Month for November|language=en|work=Página web oficial de LaLiga {{!}} LaLiga|dátarochtana=2021-04-07|archivedate=2021-01-16|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210116023558/https://www.laliga.com/en-GB/news/joao-felix-named-laliga-santander-player-of-the-month-for-november}}</ref>. An 1 Nollaig, scóráil Félix i gcoinne seaimpíní na hEorpa [[Fußball-Club Bayern München|Bayern München]] agus a thaobh ag tarraingt 1–1 sa deireadh<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/55134428|teideal=Atletico fate in balance after Bayern draw|language=en-GB|work=BBC Sport|dátarochtana=2021-04-07}}</ref>. An 24 Eanáir 2021, scóráil sé ceanntásc ó chúinne chun cothromú a dhéanamh d’Atlético ina mbua 3-1 ar [[Valencia Club de Fútbol|Valencia]], ag scóráil a chéad sprioc sraithe le breis agus dhá mhí<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.marca.com/en/football/spanish-football/2021/01/24/600df24e22601d59698b456d.html|teideal=Atletico Madrid ratings vs Valencia: This is the Joao Felix we want to see|dáta=2021-01-24|language=en|work=MARCA|dátarochtana=2021-04-07}}</ref>. == Gairm idírnasiunta == === Oíge === An 14 Meitheamh 2017, chuir Félix tús lena shlí bheatha idirnáisiúnta le [[Foireann sacair náisiúnta na Portaingéile faoi-18|foireann faoi-18 na Portaingéile]], ag díospóireacht i gcoinne na [[Foireann sacair naisiúnta Iorua faoi-18|hIorua]], ag teacht in áit [[Elves Baldé]] sa 58ú nóiméad. Sa chluiche cairdiúil seo, scóráil Félix dhá chúilín i mbua 3–0 i [[Liospóin]]. An 10 Deireadh Fómhair 2017, rinne Félix a chéad fhoireann [[Foireann sacair náisiúnta na Portaingéile faoi-21|d’fhoireann faoi-21 na Portaingéile]] maidir le cáilíocht [[Chraobh Faoi-21 Eorpach UEFA]] 2019, i caill 3-1 in aghaidh na [[Foireann sacair náisiúnta Boisnia agus Heirseagaivéin faoi-21|Boisnia agus Heirseagaivéin]], ag teacht in áit [[Xadas]] sa 56ú nóiméad<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://pt.uefa.com/under21/match/2022501--bosnia-and-herzegovina-vs-portugal/?referrer=%2funder21%2fseason%3d2019%2fmatches%2fround%3d2000803%2fmatch%3d2022501%2f|teideal=Bósnia e Herzegovina-Portugal {{!}} Sub-21|údar=UEFA.com|language=pt|work=UEFA.com|dátarochtana=2021-04-07}}</ref><ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.record.pt/internacional/competicoes-de-selecoes/europeu-sub-21/detalhe/sub-21-bosnia-portugal-em-direto|teideal=B&oacute;snia-Portugal, 3-1: Primeira derrota em apuramentos em seis anos|language=pt-PT|work=www.record.pt|dátarochtana=2021-04-07}}</ref>. An 15 Eanáir 2018, rinne Félix a chéad chluiche [[Foireann sacair náisiúnta na Portaingéile faoi-19|d’fhoireann faoi-19 na Portaingéile]] mar ionadach 27 nóiméad do [[Jorge Teixeira]] gortaithe i mbua 2-1 thar an [[Foireann sacair náisiúnta an Tuirc faoi-19|Tuirc]]. An 23 Márta 2018, scóráil Félix a chéad sprioc idirnáisiúnta d’fhoireann faoi-21 na Portaingéile i greadadh 7–0 ar [[Foireann sacair náisiúnta Lichtinstéin faoi-21|Lichtinstéin]]<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://pt.uefa.com/under21/match/2022482--liechtenstein-vs-portugal/?referrer=%2funder21%2fseason%3d2019%2fmatches%2fround%3d2000803%2fmatch%3d2022482%2f|teideal=Liechtenstein-Portugal {{!}} Sub-21|údar=UEFA.com|language=pt|work=UEFA.com|dátarochtana=2021-04-07}}</ref>. Ag deireadh an phróisis cháilithe, bhí ceithre chúilín scóráilte aige, ag cabhrú leis an bPortaingéil a threorú chuig na cluichí cáilithe<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.zerozero.pt/news.php?id=233064|teideal=Brilho de uma geração deu para o playoff, para já :: zerozero.pt|language=pt|work=www.zerozero.pt|dátarochtana=2021-04-07}}</ref>. Sa chéad chuid de na cluichí athimirt, thug an Phortaingéil aghaidh ar an [[Foireann sacair náisiúnta bPolainn faoi-21|bPolainn]] i mbua 1-0 ar shiúl, ach sa deireadh chaill siad sa dara cos i gcluiche baile 2-1, ní cáiliú don chomórtas<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://pt.uefa.com/under21/match/2025681--poland-vs-portugal/?referrer=%2funder21%2fseason%3d2019%2fmatches%2fround%3d2000804%2fmatch%3d2025681%2f|teideal=Polónia-Portugal {{!}} Sub-21|údar=UEFA.com|language=pt|work=UEFA.com|dátarochtana=2021-04-07}}</ref><ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://pt.uefa.com/under21/match/2025682--portugal-vs-poland/?referrer=%2funder21%2fseason%3d2019%2fmatches%2fround%3d2000804%2fmatch%3d2025682%2f|teideal=Portugal-Polónia {{!}} Sub-21|údar=UEFA.com|language=pt|work=UEFA.com|dátarochtana=2021-04-07}}</ref>. Le linn a shlí bheatha idirnáisiúnta óige, rachadh Félix ar aghaidh chun ionadaíocht a dhéanamh ar na foirne faoi-18, faoi-19 agus faoi-21, ag bailiú 14 caipín óige agus ag scóráil 6 sprioc san iomlán. === Sinsir === An 15 Márta 2019, glaodh ar Félix ar an bh[[Foireann sacair náisiunta an Portaingéile|foireann shinsearach]] den chéad uair do chluichí cáilithe [[UEFA Euro 2020|Euro 2020 UEFA]]<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.slbenfica.pt/en-us/agora/noticias/2018-2019/03/15/futebol-jogadores-benfica-convocados-selecao-portugal-jogos-ucrania-e-servia-apuramento-europeu|teideal=Eagles called up to the National Team|language=en|work=www.slbenfica.pt|dátarochtana=2021-04-07}}</ref>. Le linn oiliúna leis an scuad náisiúnta, ghortaigh Félix a chos agus dá bhrí sin chaill sé cluiche na Portaingéile i gcoinne na [[Foireann sacair náisiunta Seirbia|Seirbia]] an 25 Márta<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.jn.pt/desporto/uefa-deixa-lesionado-joao-felix-de-fora-do-portugal-servia-10721509.html|teideal=UEFA deixa lesionado João Félix de fora do Portugal-Sérvia|language=pt|work=www.jn.pt|dátarochtana=2021-04-07}}</ref>. Roghnaíodh Félix freisin do scuad Cluichí Ceannais [[Sraith na Náisiún UEFA 2019]] ar ithir bhaile<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.skysports.com/football/news/13954/11727023/portugal-name-cristiano-ronaldo-and-joao-felix-in-nations-league-squad|teideal=Portugal name Cristiano Ronaldo and Joao Felix in Nations League squad|language=en|work=Sky Sports|dátarochtana=2021-04-07}}</ref>. Rinne sé a chéad chluiche idirnáisiúnta don fhoireann shinsearach an 5 Meitheamh i gcoinne na [[Foireann sacair naísiunta an hEilvéise|hEilvéise]] sna babhtaí leathcheannais, áit ar cuireadh in ionad é sa 71ú nóiméad í bhua 3-1<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.skysports.com/football/news/13954/11735790/joao-felix-is-rated-at-106m-but-he-struggled-on-his-portugal-debut|teideal=Joao Felix is rated at £106m but he struggled on his Portugal debut|language=en|work=Sky Sports|dátarochtana=2021-04-07}}</ref>. Ceithre lá ina dhiaidh sin, bhuaigh an Phortaingéil í gcoinne an [[Foireann sacair naísiunta an Ísiltír|Ísiltír]] 1–0 i gcluiche ceannais an chomórtais<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.sportsmole.co.uk/football/portugal/uefa-nations-league/result/result-guedes-scores-winner-as-portugal-land-nations-league-title_361579.html|teideal=Result: Guedes scores winner as Portugal land Nations League|language=en-GB|work=Sports Mole|dátarochtana=2021-04-07}}</ref>. Scóráil sé a chéad sprioc idirnáisiúnta an 5 Meán Fómhair 2020 i mbua 4-1 sa bhaile thar an [[Foireann sacair náisiunta an gCróit|gCróit]] i Sraith na Náisiún UEFA<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.uefa.com/uefanationsleague/match/2029991--portugal-vs-croatia/postmatch/report/|teideal=Portugal 4-1 Croatia: Holders ease to emphatic victory|údar=UEFA.com|dáta=2020-09-05|language=en|work=UEFA.com|dátarochtana=2021-04-07}}</ref>. == Stíl imeartha == Measann Benfica go bhfuil Felix ar cheann de na himreoirí is geallta chun céim a bhaint amach óna n-acadamh óige. Meastar freisin mar cheann de na himreoirí óga is geallta i sacair an domhain<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://en.as.com/en/2019/06/18/football/1560852116_870651.html|teideal=Tactical analysis of Joao Félix: a difference-making transfer|dáta=2019-06-18|language=en|work=AS.com|dátarochtana=2021-04-07|archivedate=2021-04-11|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210411125108/https://en.as.com/en/2019/06/18/football/1560852116_870651.html}}</ref><ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.paraeles.pt/desporto/joao-felix-uma-mistura-de-rui-costa-e-joao-pinto-com-tracos-de-cruyff/|teideal=João Félix, uma mistura de Rui Costa e João Pinto com traços de Cruyff (com vídeos)|dáta=2019-02-06|language=pt-PT|work=Para Eles|dátarochtana=2021-04-07}}</ref>. Is imreoir ard-sciliúil agus teicniúil é Félix, atá in ann imirt i roinnt post ionsaí<ref name=":3">{{Lua idirlín|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2019/04/17/sport/joao-felix-benfica-spt-intl/index.html|teideal=Joao Felix: The Benfica teen who is a 'star already'|údar=By Eoghan Macguire CNN|dáta=2019-04-17|language=en|work=CNN|dátarochtana=2021-04-07}}</ref>. Mar gheall ar a solúbthacht; Le linn a shlí bheatha, imlonnaíodh é mar bhuailteoir, mar an dara stailceoir, nó fiú mar shreangóir, cé gurb é an príomhshuíomh atá aige ná imreoir lár páirce atá ag ionsaí<ref name=":3" /><ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://observador.pt/2018/08/25/joao-felix-o-miudo-dos-pestinhas-que-saiu-do-fc-porto-por-ser-magricelas-e-esta-a-ganhar-cabedal-no-benfica/|teideal=João Félix, o miúdo dos Pestinhas que saiu do FC Porto por ser magricelas e está a ganhar cabedal no Benfica|údar=Bruno Roseiro|language=pt-PT|work=Observador|dátarochtana=2021-04-07}}</ref>. Le linn a t-am leis Benfica, d’imir Félix go príomha mar an dara stailceoir i bhfoirmiú 4-4-2, ag nascadh le lár na páirce agus ag cruthú deiseanna scórála don chéad bhuailteoir agus dó féin<ref name=":3" /><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/48385500|teideal=The most exciting player since Ronaldo? Who is Joao Felix?|language=en-GB|work=BBC Sport|dátarochtana=2021-04-07}}</ref>. Le Atlético, imríonn sé den chuid is mó mar cliathánaí i bhfoirmiú 4-4-2, cé gur imir sé mar an dara stailceoir ar ócáid gan a lán rath<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.marca.com/en/football/spanish-football/2020/02/25/5e5510c222601d46538b459b.html|teideal=Joao Felix is finally seeing the light|dáta=2020-02-25|language=en|work=MARCA in English|dátarochtana=2021-04-07}}</ref>. Imreoir gasta 's cliste, agus súil aige ar an cúl, is iad na príomhthréithe atá aige ná a luas, a chruthaitheacht, a chríochnú, a dteagmháil ar an liathróid, agus a scileanna dribble, chomh maith lena fhís agus a rith beacht<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://bleacherreport.com/articles/2858128-matthijs-de-ligt-joao-felix-jadon-sancho-on-20-man-2019-golden-boy-shortlist|teideal=Matthijs de Ligt, Joao Felix, Jadon Sancho on 20-Man 2019 Golden Boy Shortlist|údar=Matt Jones|language=en|work=Bleacher Report|dátarochtana=2021-04-07}}</ref><ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://ca.sports.yahoo.com/news/atletico-madrids-joao-felix-is-the-best-signing-of-the-summer-183220159.html|teideal=Atletico Madrid's Joao Felix is the best signing of the summer|language=en-CA|work=ca.sports.yahoo.com|dátarochtana=2021-04-07|archivedate=2019-09-03|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190903051540/https://ca.sports.yahoo.com/news/atletico-madrids-joao-felix-is-the-best-signing-of-the-summer-183220159.html}}</ref>. Mar gheall ar a stíl imeartha cuireadh i gcomparáid é le [[Kaká]] agus le hiar-imreoirí Benfica [[Rui Costa]] agus [[João Pinto]]<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":2" />; Chuir roinnt daoine é i gcomparáid le captaen na Portaingéile [[Cristiano Ronaldo]]<ref name=":3" /> chomh maith le seantósai-Atlético Madrid [[Sergio Agüero]] agus [[Antoine Griezmann]]<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.marca.com/en/football/spanish-football/2019/12/10/5deec35ee2704e4e418b45ae.html|teideal=It's time for Joao Felix to become Griezmann|dáta=2019-12-10|language=en|work=MARCA in English|dátarochtana=2021-04-07}}</ref><ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/sports/diego-forlan-sees-sergio-aguero-in-atleticos-young-joao-felix/cid/1710503|teideal=Diego Forlan sees Sergio Aguero in Atletico’s young Joao Felix|work=www.telegraphindia.com|dátarochtana=2021-04-07}}</ref>. == Saol péarsantra == Is múinteoirí iad tuismitheoirí Félix, Carlos (athair) agus Carla (máthair). Tá deartháir níos óige aige, Hugo, a imríonn do ranna óige Benfica<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://observador.pt/2019/06/26/ha-um-felix-que-sai-mas-tambem-ha-um-felix-que-fica-hugo-o-irmao-mais-novo-que-quer-escrever-a-propria-historia/|teideal=Há um Félix que sai mas também há um Félix que fica. Hugo, o irmão mais novo que quer escrever a própria história|údar=Mariana Fernandes|language=pt-PT|work=Observador|dátarochtana=2021-04-07}}</ref>.Ag fás suas, ba iad laochra Félix ná Kaká agus Rui Costa, an dara ceann imreoir a d’fhéach sé le aithris a dhéanamh air<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.dn.pt/desportos/joao-felix-fala-de-tudo-as-praxes-os-idolos-a-relacao-com-vieira-o-n10-e-a-bola-de-ouro-10938513.html|teideal=João Félix fala de tudo. As praxes, os ídolos, a relação com Vieira, o n.º10 e a Bola de Ouro|language=pt|work=www.dn.pt|dátarochtana=2021-04-07|archivedate=2021-09-29|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210929011853/https://www.dn.pt/desportos/joao-felix-fala-de-tudo-as-praxes-os-idolos-a-relacao-com-vieira-o-n10-e-a-bola-de-ouro-10938513.html}}</ref>. Tá Félix ag dul don aisteoir Portaingéile [[Margarida Corceiro]]<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://selfie.iol.pt/voce-na-tv/manuel-luis-goucha/margarida-corceiro-conta-como-comecou-a-namorar-com-joao-felix|teideal=Margarida Corceiro conta como começou a namorar com João Félix|language=pt|work=Selfie|dátarochtana=2021-04-07}}</ref>. In Aibreán 2020, bhronn Félix trealamh ar fheachtas maoinithe slua chuig ospidéal ina bhaile dúchais i Viseu le linn na paindéime Coronavirus ([[COVID-19]]<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.jornaldocentro.pt/|teideal=Jornal do Centro|údar=unify.pt|work=www.jornaldocentro.pt|dátarochtana=2021-04-08}}</ref>). == Staitistic gairm == === Clúb === ''Ó 22 Bealtaine 2021'' {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" ! rowspan="2" |Club ! rowspan="2" |Seasúr ! colspan="3" |Sraith ! colspan="2" |Corn naísiunta ! colspan="2" |Corn sraith ! colspan="2" |Eoraip ! colspan="2" |Eile ! colspan="2" |Iomlan |- !Roinn !Cúmai !Goals !Cúmai !Cúl !Cúmai !Cúl !Cúmai !Cúl !Cúmai !Cúl !Cúmai !Cúl |- | rowspan="3" |[[Sport Lisboa é Benfica B|Benfica B]] |2016–17 | rowspan="2" |[[LigaPro]] |13 |3 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |13 |3 |- |2017–18 |17 |4 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |17 |4 |- ! colspan="2" |Iomlán !30 !7 ! colspan="2" |— ! colspan="2" |— ! colspan="2" |— ! colspan="2" |— !30 !7 |- | rowspan="2" |[[Sport Lisboa e Benfica|Benfica]] |2018–19<ref>For Taça de Portugal third round: {{cite news|url=https://www.record.pt/futebol/futebol-nacional/taca-de-portugal/detalhe/sertanense-benfica-em-direto|language=pt|title=Sertanense-Benfica, 0–3|newspaper=Record|date=18 October 2018|access-date=2 March 2020}}</ref> |[[Primeira Liga]] |26 |15 |6 |1 |2 |1 |9 |3 | colspan="2" |— |43 |20 |- ! colspan="2" |Iómlan !26 !15 !6 !1 !2 !1 !9 !3 ! colspan="2" |— !43 !20 |- | rowspan="3" |[[Club Atlético de Madrid|Atlético Madrid]] |2019–20 | rowspan="2" |[[Primera División de España|La Liga]] |27 |6 |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— |6 |3 |2 |0 |36 |9 |- |2020–21 |24 |7 |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— |8 |3 | colspan="2" |— |33 |10 |- ! colspan="2" |Iomlan !58 !13 !2 !0 ! colspan="2" |— !14 !6 !2 !0 !69 !19 |- ! colspan="3" |Iomlán gairm !114 !35 !8 !1 !2 !1 !23 !9 !2 !0 !149 !46 |} === Idírnaisiunta === ''Ó 27 Meatheamh 2021'' {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" !Foireann naísiunta !Bhlian !Cúmai !Cúl |- | rowspan="3" |[[Foireann sacair naísiunta an Portaingéile|An Portaingéile]] |2019 |5 |0 |- |2020 |8 |3 |- |2021 |5 |0 |- ! colspan="2" |Iomlan !18 !3 |} ==== Cúl idírnaisiunta ==== {| class="wikitable sortable" !Ui. !Data !Ionad !Capín !Céile comhrai !Scór !Toradh !Comórtas |- !1 |5 Méan Fomhair 2020 |[[Estádio do Dragão]], [[Porto]], an Portaingéile | align="center" |6 |{{Bratach|Croatia}}[[Foireann sacair naísiunta an Chroit|an Chroit]] | align="center" |'''3'''–0 | align="center" |4–1 |[[2020–21 UEFA Nations League A]] |- !2 |11 Samhain 2020 |[[Estádio da Luz]], [[Liospóin|Lisboa]], an Portaingéile | align="center" |11 |{{Bratach|Andorra}}[[Foireann sacair naisiúnta Andóra|Andóra]] | align="center" |'''7'''–0 | align="center" |7–0 |Cairdiul |- !3 |17 Samhain 2020 |[[Stadion Poljud]], [[Split]], an Chróit | align="center" |13 |{{Bratach|Croatia}}an Chroit | align="center" |'''2'''–1 | align="center" |3–2 |2020–21 UEFA Nations League A |} == Onóracha == === Club === '''Benfica''' * [[Primera División de España|Primeira Liga]]: 2018–19 === Idírnaisiuntá === An Portaingéile * [[UEFA Nations League]]: 2018–19 === Aonair === * [[Primeira Liga]] Imreoir an Mhí: Eanaír 2019<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.ligaportugal.pt/pt/epocas/20182019/noticias/geral/premios/melhores-de-janeiro-joao-felix-e-pedro-henrique-em-destaque/|language=pt|date=12 February 2019|title=Melhores de janeiro: João Félix e Pedro Henrique em destaque|trans-title=Best of January: João Félix and Pedro Henrique in evidence|publisher=[[Liga Portugal]]|access-date=14 February 2019}}</ref> * [[SJPF Young Player of the Month]]: Eanaír 2019<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.abola.pt/Clubes/Noticias/Ver/773678/40|language=pt|date=14 February 2019|title=Sindicato também distingue João Félix|trans-title=Syndicate also distinguish João Félix|url-status=dead|newspaper=A Bola|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190217030216/https://www.abola.pt/Clubes/Noticias/Ver/773678/40|archive-date=17 February 2019|access-date=16 February 2019|teideal=Cóip cartlainne|dátarochtana=8 Aibreán 2021|archivedate=17 Feabhra 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190217030216/https://www.abola.pt/Clubes/Noticias/Ver/773678/40}}</ref> * [[UEFA Europa League]]: Scúad den séasúr 2018–19<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.uefa.com/uefaeuropaleague/news/newsid=2606568.html|title=UEFA Europa League Squad of the 2018/19 Season|website=UEFA|date=30 May 2019}}</ref> * [[CNID Best Revelation Footballer of the Year]]: 2019<ref>{{cite web|url=https://desporto.sapo.pt/futebol/primeira-liga/artigos/bruno-fernandes-eleito-futebolista-da-i-liga-pelos-associados-do-cnid|language=pt|title=Bruno Fernandes eleito futebolista da I Liga pelos associados do CNID|trans-title=Bruno Fernandes voted footballer of I League by CNID members|website=SAPO Desporto|date=21 May 2019|access-date=1 June 2019}}</ref> * Primeira Liga Imreoir Óg is fearr den bhliain: 2018–19<ref>{{cite news|url=https://desporto.sapo.pt/futebol/primeira-liga/artigos/joao-felix-eleito-jogador-jovem-do-ano-de-20182019|language=pt|work=SAPO Desporto|date=5 July 2019|title=João Félix eleito Jogador Jovem do Ano de 2018/2019|trans-title=João Félix elected 2018–19 Young Player of the Year|access-date=6 July 2019}}</ref> * [[Golden Globes]]: 2019 Imreoir núa is fearr<ref>{{cite news|url=https://sicnoticias.pt/cultura/2019-09-30-Os-Globos-de-Ouro-foram-para|language=pt|work=[[SIC Notícias]]|date=30 September 2019|title=Os Globos de Ouro foram para...|trans-title=The Golden Globes went to...|access-date=30 September 2019|teideal=Cóip cartlainne|dátarochtana=8 Aibreán 2021|archivedate=30 Meán Fómhair 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190930155705/https://sicnoticias.pt/cultura/2019-09-30-Os-Globos-de-Ouro-foram-para}}</ref> * A Bola Imreoir den bhliain: 2019<ref>{{Lua físeán|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3zU5d0ZsY2I|title=Entrevista a João Félix- Jogador do ano para o jornal A BOLA.|author=A Bola TV|publisher=[[YouTube]]|access-date=7 Eanáir 2020}}</ref> * [[Golden Boy]]: 2019<ref name="GoldenBoy">{{cite web|url=https://www.tuttosport.com/news/calcio/golden-boy/2019/11/27-63853409/il_profilo_del_golden_boy_joo_flix_il_predestinato/|language=it|title=Il profilo del Golden Boy João Félix: il predestinato|trans-title=The profile of the Golden Boy João Félix: the predestined|date=27 November 2019|publisher=Tuttosport|access-date=27 November 2019|teideal=Cóip cartlainne|dátarochtana=8 Aibreán 2021|archivedate=27 Samhain 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191127180131/https://www.tuttosport.com/news/calcio/golden-boy/2019/11/27-63853409/il_profilo_del_golden_boy_joo_flix_il_predestinato/}}</ref> * [[Globe Revelation Player]]: 2019<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.jn.pt/desporto/cristiano-ronaldo-e-joao-felix-ganham-globe-soccer-awards-11659548.html|title=Cristiano Ronaldo e João Félix ganham Globe Soccer Awards|newspaper=Jornal de Notícias|date=29 December 2019|access-date=29 December 2019}}</ref> * [[Ballon d'Or]]: 2019 (28ú ait)<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.francefootball.fr/diaporama/Le-classement-complet-du-ballon-d-or-france-football-2019/7777/#30|title=The complete ranking of the Ballon d'Or France Football 2019|newspaper=France Football|date=2 December 2019|access-date=9 December 2019|teideal=Cóip cartlainne|dátarochtana=8 Aibreán 2021|archivedate=2 Nollaig 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191202201606/https://www.francefootball.fr/diaporama/Le-classement-complet-du-ballon-d-or-france-football-2019/7777/#30}}</ref> * [[Kopa Trophy]]: 3ú ait (2019)<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nu.nl/voetbal/6015102/de-ligt-wint-kopa-trophy-voor-s-werelds-beste-speler-tot-21-jaar.html|language=nl|title=De Ligt wint Kopa Trophy voor 's werelds beste speler tot 21 jaar|website=[[NU.nl]]|date=2 December 2019|access-date=2 December 2019}}</ref> * [[La Liga Player of the Month]]: Samhain 2020<ref name="November POTM">{{Cite news|url=https://www.laliga.com/en-GB/news/joao-felix-named-laliga-santander-player-of-the-month-for-november|title=Joao Felix named LaLiga Santander Player of the Month for November|date=3 December 2020|access-date=4 December 2020|publisher=La Liga|teideal=Cóip cartlainne|dátarochtana=8 Aibreán 2021|archivedate=16 Eanáir 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210116023558/https://www.laliga.com/en-GB/news/joao-felix-named-laliga-santander-player-of-the-month-for-november}}</ref> == Tagairtí == {{DEFAULTSORT:Félix, João}} 5ou2puw5glhlomomjvwlkds6umzkusx 0 100016 1318094 1286997 2026-06-20T12:37:15Z TGcoa 21229 1318094 wikitext text/x-wiki {{WD Bosca Sonraí Foirgneamh}} Is [[ardeaglais]] suite i m[[Baile Átha Cliath]] í '''Ard-Eaglais Mhuire,'''<ref>i mBéarla, ''St Mary's Cathedral Dublin, the "Pro-Cathedral"''</ref> an Ard Eaglais Oifigiúil Caitliceach sa chathair. [[Íomhá:Dublin St. Mary's Pro-Cathedral at Cathedral Street 2012 09 28.jpg|clé|mion|220x220px]] [[Íomhá:2023 tram in Dublin (4).jpg|clé|mion|220x220px]] [[Íomhá:St Mary's Pro-Cathedral Interior, Dublin, Ireland - Diliff.jpg|clé|mion|220x220px]] [[Íomhá:Dublin Martyrs at side of St. Mary's Pro-Cathedral.jpg|clé|mion|220x220px|Dealbh, Ard-Eaglais Mhuire, Baile Átha Cliath]] == Stair == Tógadh foirgneamh na hard-eaglaise ar [[Sráid Mhaoilbhríde|Shráid Mhaoilbhríde]] in 1825. Ba shocrú "sealadach" a bhí ann ag an am mar a léiríonn an focal laidine 'Pro Tempore' (Sealadach). Bhí sé i gcónaí i gceist ard-eaglais eile a thógáil ina dhiaidh sin, rud nár tharla riamh áfach. Sin is bunús leis an ainm "Leas-Ard Eaglais" mar a bhí tugtha uirthi ar feadh 200 bliain.<ref name=":0">{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Deireadh ré don Leas-Ard Eaglais i mBaile Átha Cliath|url=https://www.rte.ie/news/nuacht/2025/1114/1544035-deireadh-re-don-leas-ard-eaglais-i-mbaile-atha-cliath/|date=2025-11-14|language=ga-IE|author=Nuacht RTÉ}}</ref> Tugadh "Leas-Ardeaglais Naomh Muire" ar an Ardeaglais go dtí 2025. == 2025 == Sa bhliain 2025, mar chuid den cheiliúradh 200 bliain. bhí stádas nua bronnta ag an bPápa Leo ar an leas Ard-Eaglais, mar a bhí. Ard-Easpag Bhaile Átha Cliath, Dermot Farrell, a rinne an fógra le linn an Aifrinn san Eaglais ar an 14 Samhain 2025. Tá sé i gceist roinnt mhaith forbartha a dhéanamh ar an láthair ó fuair siad cead pleanála ó Chomhairle Cathrach Bhaile Átha Cliath le gairid.<ref name=":0" /> == Féach freisin == * [[Ardeaglais Naomh Pádraig, Baile Átha Cliath]] * [[Ardeaglais Theampall Chríost]], Baile Átha Cliath * [[Proinsias Táilliúir (mairtíreach)]] agus [[Maighréad de Bhál]] == Tagairtí == {{Reflist}} [[Catagóir:Ardeaglaisí Caitliceacha Rómhánacha in Éirinn]] [[Catagóir:Foirgnimh agus struchtúir i mBaile Átha Cliath]] [[Catagóir:Sráid Mhaoilbhríde]] qwdjrgpq1kikf58ef6pza37ofy7d8xm 0 100087 1318119 1128074 2026-06-20T18:30:14Z InternetArchiveBot 47196 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1318119 wikitext text/x-wiki {{WD Bosca Sonraí Duine}} [[Réabhlóid|Réabhlóidí]] agus [[iriseoir]] ab ea '''James Fintan Lalor''' nó '''Séamas Fionntán Ó Leathlobhair''' ([[10 Márta]] [[1809]] – [[27 Nollaig]] [[1849]]) Ba bhall den ghluaiseacht 'Éire Óg' ba ea é. == Saol == Saolaíodh Lalor i dTigh na Cille, Mainistir Laoise, ar an [[10 Márta]] [[1809]]. Feirmeoir saibhir ab ea a athair. Níl mórán eolais againn faoina óige.<ref name=":0">{{Lua idirlín|url=https://group.irishecho.com/2011/02/macallai-james-fintan-lalor-1807-1849-2/|teideal=Macallai James Fintan Lalor 1807-1849|údar=Barra Ó Donnabháin|dáta=2011-02-16|work=Irish Echo|dátarochtana=2021-12-31|archivedate=2021-12-31|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211231180151/https://group.irishecho.com/2011/02/macallai-james-fintan-lalor-1807-1849-2/}}</ref> Fuair Lalor bás ar an 27 Samhain, 1849. Trí lá ina dhiaidh sin, lean slua ollmhór an corp go dtí an uaigh i n[[Glas Naíon]]. Daoine bochta, sclábhaithe agus muintir na tuaithe den chuid is mó a bhí ar an slua.<ref name=":0"/> == Féach freisin == * Éire Óg == Tagairtí == {{reflist}} {{síol-ie}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Lalor, James}} [[Catagóir:Réabhlóidithe Éireannacha]] [[Catagóir:Náisiúnaithe Éireannacha]] [[Catagóir:Éire Óg]] [[Catagóir:Daoine a cuireadh i Reilig Ghlas Naíon‎]] [[Catagóir:Daoine a rugadh i 1809]] [[Catagóir:Básanna i 1849]] q9l5fb513p3wncflgofmawlq7k0d89r 0 100541 1318111 1239978 2026-06-20T18:02:23Z Marcas.oduinn 33120 /* Tagairtí */ Catagóir 1318111 wikitext text/x-wiki Tionól ársa na n[[Gaeil]] ba ea '''aonach''' ([[Meán-Ghaeilge]] '''óenach'''<ref name='eDIL'>{{Cite web-en|url=https://dil.ie/33513|title=eDIL 2019: ''An Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language'', based on the Contributions to a Dictionary of the Irish Language|publisher=[[Acadamh Ríoga na hÉireann]]|location=[[Baile Átha Cliath]]|year=1913–1976|access-date=2024-10-19}}</ref>), eagraithe tar éis bhás [[rí]], [[banríon]]a, nó [[draoi]] nó [[gaiscíoch|gaiscígh]] mór le rá, mar chuid de nósanna sinsearachta.<ref name="Nally2008">{{cite book|author=T. H. Nally|title=The Aonac Tailteann and the Tailteann Games Their History and Ancient Associations|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SObPJ02EiwMC|access-date=31ú Iúil 2012|year= 2008|publisher=Jesson Press|isbn=978-1409781899}}</ref> I dteannta le siamsa a bheith ann, bhuaileadh ríthe agus daoine uaisle agus [[sos cogaidh]] i réim eatarthu. Bhí trí chuspóir ag an aonach: urraim a thabhairt don duine marbh, dlíthe [[an Féineachas|an Fhéineachais]] a chur i bhfeidhm, agus [[cluichí sochraide]] a eagrú. Mhaireadh an urraim idir lá amháin agus trí lá, ag brath ar tábhacht an duine. Chantai caointe darb ainm [[gubha]], agus chumadh draoithe amhráin lom láithreach darb ainm [[ceapóg]]a in ómós na marbh. Dhóití an duine ansin ar [[breocharn]]. Cuireadh ansin an t[[Ollamh Éireann]] dlíthe i bhfeidhm trí bhaird agus draoithe, agus lastaí tine mhór. Tharlaítí ansin [[Cúiteach Fuatha]], cluichí aithne agus coirp i dteannta le margadh mór. Bhí ''Óenach [[Tailte|Tailten]]'' an t-aonach is tábhachtaí a bhí ann, eagraithe faoi choimirce an [[Ardrí na hÉireann|Ardrí]] agus clann [[Uí Néill]]. Dar le scríbhneoirí meánaoiseacha, bunaíodh é sa ré [[réamhstair]]e, agus mhair sé go dtí 1770. Luaitear é i n-[[annála Éireann]] má bhí achrann nó aighneas ag an aonach, nó má theip ar an ardrí é a eagrú. Chuir [[Saorstát Éireann]] [[Aonach Tailteann (Saorstát Éireann)|athléiriú na gcluichí]] ar siúl idir na blianta 1924 agus 1932. I measc aonach tábhachtach eile, bhí: * [[Tlachta (bandraoi)|Tlachta]], mí na [[Samhain|Samhna]] * [[Carman]], [[Contae Loch Garman]] * [[Uisneach]], mí na [[Bealtaine]] * Raigne, [[Osraí]]. Ní raibh nasc ag gach aonach le féilí págánacha. Ainmníodh ''Óenach Colmáin'', eagraithe is léir ag [[Lainn Eala]], as Naomh [[Colmán Eala]]. == Féach freisin == * [[An tAonach (idirdhealú)]]: logainm coitianta in Éirinn == Foinsí == * {{citation |last=Byrne |first=Francis John |authorlink=Francis John Byrne |title=Irish Kings and High-Kings |publisher=Batsford |location=Londain |year=1973 |isbn=0713458828 }} * {{citation |last=Charles-Edwards |first=T. M. |title=Early Christian Ireland |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=2000 |location=Cambridge |isbn=0521363950}} * {{citation |last=MacKillop |first=James |title=Oxford Dictionary of Celtic Mythology |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=Oxford |year=1998 |isbn=0198609671}} * {{citation |last=Ó Cróinín |first=Dáibhí |title=Early Medieval Ireland 400–1200 |year=1995 |series=Longman History of Ireland |publisher=Longman |location=Londain |isbn=0582015650}} == Naisc sheachtracha == * Nally, T. H., [https://archive.org/details/aonactailteannta00nalliala The Aonac Tailteann and the Tailteann Games Their History and Ancient Associations] ar archive.org * John Lennon, [http://www.poyntzpass.co.uk/Before_I_Forget/1988_No_2/Fairs_and_Assemblies_in_Ireland.pdf ''Fairs and Assemblies in Ireland''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220419185902/http://www.poyntzpass.co.uk/Before_I_Forget/1988_No_2/Fairs_and_Assemblies_in_Ireland.pdf |date=2022-04-19 }} == Tagairtí == {{reflist}} [[Catagóir:an tSean-Éire]] [[Catagóir:Féilí i nÉirinn]] 9ged68h52gvlju2xw1r9edpj6ox7mzo 1318113 1318111 2026-06-20T18:06:09Z Marcas.oduinn 33120 /* Naisc sheachtracha */ Naisc 1318113 wikitext text/x-wiki Tionól ársa na n[[Gaeil]] ba ea '''aonach''' ([[Meán-Ghaeilge]] '''óenach'''<ref name='eDIL'>{{Cite web-en|url=https://dil.ie/33513|title=eDIL 2019: ''An Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language'', based on the Contributions to a Dictionary of the Irish Language|publisher=[[Acadamh Ríoga na hÉireann]]|location=[[Baile Átha Cliath]]|year=1913–1976|access-date=2024-10-19}}</ref>), eagraithe tar éis bhás [[rí]], [[banríon]]a, nó [[draoi]] nó [[gaiscíoch|gaiscígh]] mór le rá, mar chuid de nósanna sinsearachta.<ref name="Nally2008">{{cite book|author=T. H. Nally|title=The Aonac Tailteann and the Tailteann Games Their History and Ancient Associations|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SObPJ02EiwMC|access-date=31ú Iúil 2012|year= 2008|publisher=Jesson Press|isbn=978-1409781899}}</ref> I dteannta le siamsa a bheith ann, bhuaileadh ríthe agus daoine uaisle agus [[sos cogaidh]] i réim eatarthu. Bhí trí chuspóir ag an aonach: urraim a thabhairt don duine marbh, dlíthe [[an Féineachas|an Fhéineachais]] a chur i bhfeidhm, agus [[cluichí sochraide]] a eagrú. Mhaireadh an urraim idir lá amháin agus trí lá, ag brath ar tábhacht an duine. Chantai caointe darb ainm [[gubha]], agus chumadh draoithe amhráin lom láithreach darb ainm [[ceapóg]]a in ómós na marbh. Dhóití an duine ansin ar [[breocharn]]. Cuireadh ansin an t[[Ollamh Éireann]] dlíthe i bhfeidhm trí bhaird agus draoithe, agus lastaí tine mhór. Tharlaítí ansin [[Cúiteach Fuatha]], cluichí aithne agus coirp i dteannta le margadh mór. Bhí ''Óenach [[Tailte|Tailten]]'' an t-aonach is tábhachtaí a bhí ann, eagraithe faoi choimirce an [[Ardrí na hÉireann|Ardrí]] agus clann [[Uí Néill]]. Dar le scríbhneoirí meánaoiseacha, bunaíodh é sa ré [[réamhstair]]e, agus mhair sé go dtí 1770. Luaitear é i n-[[annála Éireann]] má bhí achrann nó aighneas ag an aonach, nó má theip ar an ardrí é a eagrú. Chuir [[Saorstát Éireann]] [[Aonach Tailteann (Saorstát Éireann)|athléiriú na gcluichí]] ar siúl idir na blianta 1924 agus 1932. I measc aonach tábhachtach eile, bhí: * [[Tlachta (bandraoi)|Tlachta]], mí na [[Samhain|Samhna]] * [[Carman]], [[Contae Loch Garman]] * [[Uisneach]], mí na [[Bealtaine]] * Raigne, [[Osraí]]. Ní raibh nasc ag gach aonach le féilí págánacha. Ainmníodh ''Óenach Colmáin'', eagraithe is léir ag [[Lainn Eala]], as Naomh [[Colmán Eala]]. == Féach freisin == * [[An tAonach (idirdhealú)]]: logainm coitianta in Éirinn == Foinsí == * {{citation |last=Byrne |first=Francis John |authorlink=Francis John Byrne |title=Irish Kings and High-Kings |publisher=Batsford |location=Londain |year=1973 |isbn=0713458828 }} * {{citation |last=Charles-Edwards |first=T. M. |title=Early Christian Ireland |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=2000 |location=Cambridge |isbn=0521363950}} * {{citation |last=MacKillop |first=James |title=Oxford Dictionary of Celtic Mythology |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=Oxford |year=1998 |isbn=0198609671}} * {{citation |last=Ó Cróinín |first=Dáibhí |title=Early Medieval Ireland 400–1200 |year=1995 |series=Longman History of Ireland |publisher=Longman |location=Londain |isbn=0582015650}} == Naisc sheachtracha == * Nally, T. H., [https://archive.org/details/aonactailteannta00nalliala The Aonac Tailteann and the Tailteann Games Their History and Ancient Associations] ar archive.org * Lennon, John, [https://cdn.poyntzpass.co.uk/Fairs_and_Assemblies_in_Ireland.pdf ''Fairs and Assemblies in Ireland''] == Tagairtí == {{reflist}} [[Catagóir:an tSean-Éire]] [[Catagóir:Féilí i nÉirinn]] 7t17nebjxxmqrs56tripbnbu5v94n0c 1318114 1318113 2026-06-20T18:07:46Z Marcas.oduinn 33120 /* Tagairtí */ Tagairtí nua 1318114 wikitext text/x-wiki Tionól ársa na n[[Gaeil]] ba ea '''aonach''' ([[Meán-Ghaeilge]] '''óenach'''<ref name='eDIL'>{{Cite web-en|url=https://dil.ie/33513|title=eDIL 2019: ''An Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language'', based on the Contributions to a Dictionary of the Irish Language|publisher=[[Acadamh Ríoga na hÉireann]]|location=[[Baile Átha Cliath]]|year=1913–1976|access-date=2024-10-19}}</ref>), eagraithe tar éis bhás [[rí]], [[banríon]]a, nó [[draoi]] nó [[gaiscíoch|gaiscígh]] mór le rá, mar chuid de nósanna sinsearachta.<ref name="Nally2008">{{cite book|author=T. H. Nally|title=The Aonac Tailteann and the Tailteann Games Their History and Ancient Associations|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SObPJ02EiwMC|access-date=31ú Iúil 2012|year= 2008|publisher=Jesson Press|isbn=978-1409781899}}</ref> I dteannta le siamsa a bheith ann, bhuaileadh ríthe agus daoine uaisle agus [[sos cogaidh]] i réim eatarthu. Bhí trí chuspóir ag an aonach: urraim a thabhairt don duine marbh, dlíthe [[an Féineachas|an Fhéineachais]] a chur i bhfeidhm, agus [[cluichí sochraide]] a eagrú. Mhaireadh an urraim idir lá amháin agus trí lá, ag brath ar tábhacht an duine. Chantai caointe darb ainm [[gubha]], agus chumadh draoithe amhráin lom láithreach darb ainm [[ceapóg]]a in ómós na marbh. Dhóití an duine ansin ar [[breocharn]]. Cuireadh ansin an t[[Ollamh Éireann]] dlíthe i bhfeidhm trí bhaird agus draoithe, agus lastaí tine mhór. Tharlaítí ansin [[Cúiteach Fuatha]], cluichí aithne agus coirp i dteannta le margadh mór. Bhí ''Óenach [[Tailte|Tailten]]'' an t-aonach is tábhachtaí a bhí ann, eagraithe faoi choimirce an [[Ardrí na hÉireann|Ardrí]] agus clann [[Uí Néill]]. Dar le scríbhneoirí meánaoiseacha, bunaíodh é sa ré [[réamhstair]]e, agus mhair sé go dtí 1770. Luaitear é i n-[[annála Éireann]] má bhí achrann nó aighneas ag an aonach, nó má theip ar an ardrí é a eagrú. Chuir [[Saorstát Éireann]] [[Aonach Tailteann (Saorstát Éireann)|athléiriú na gcluichí]] ar siúl idir na blianta 1924 agus 1932. I measc aonach tábhachtach eile, bhí: * [[Tlachta (bandraoi)|Tlachta]], mí na [[Samhain|Samhna]] * [[Carman]], [[Contae Loch Garman]] * [[Uisneach]], mí na [[Bealtaine]] * Raigne, [[Osraí]]. Ní raibh nasc ag gach aonach le féilí págánacha. Ainmníodh ''Óenach Colmáin'', eagraithe is léir ag [[Lainn Eala]], as Naomh [[Colmán Eala]]. == Féach freisin == * [[An tAonach (idirdhealú)]]: logainm coitianta in Éirinn == Foinsí == * {{citation |last=Byrne |first=Francis John |authorlink=Francis John Byrne |title=Irish Kings and High-Kings |publisher=Batsford |location=Londain |year=1973 |isbn=0713458828 }} * {{citation |last=Charles-Edwards |first=T. M. |title=Early Christian Ireland |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=2000 |location=Cambridge |isbn=0521363950}} * {{citation |last=MacKillop |first=James |title=Oxford Dictionary of Celtic Mythology |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=Oxford |year=1998 |isbn=0198609671}} * {{citation |last=Ó Cróinín |first=Dáibhí |title=Early Medieval Ireland 400–1200 |year=1995 |series=Longman History of Ireland |publisher=Longman |location=Londain |isbn=0582015650}} == Naisc sheachtracha == * Nally, T. H., [https://archive.org/details/aonactailteannta00nalliala The Aonac Tailteann and the Tailteann Games Their History and Ancient Associations] ar archive.org * Lennon, John, [https://cdn.poyntzpass.co.uk/Fairs_and_Assemblies_in_Ireland.pdf ''Fairs and Assemblies in Ireland''] == Tagairtí == {{reflist | refs = <ref name=guba>{{lua idirlín | url = https://dil.ie/26768 | teideal = guba | foilsitheoir = eDIL | dátarochtana = 12 Meitheamh 2026}}</ref> <ref name=cepoc>{{lua idirlín | url = https://dil.ie/8718 | teideal = cepóc | foilsitheoir = eDIL | dátarochtana = 12 Meitheamh 2026}}</ref> <ref name=cuitech>{{lua idirlín | url = https://dil.ie/13726 | teideal = 2 cúitech | foilsitheoir = eDIL | dátarochtana = 12 Meitheamh 2026}}</ref> <ref name=fuat>{{lua idirlín | url = https://dil.ie/24702 | teideal = 1 fúat | foilsitheoir = eDIL | dátarochtana = 12 Meitheamh 2026}}</ref> }} [[Catagóir:an tSean-Éire]] [[Catagóir:Féilí i nÉirinn]] kqig6ey67kv6dlq5w0pt9nlfo61k3vw 1318115 1318114 2026-06-20T18:13:49Z Marcas.oduinn 33120 /* */ Tagairtí 1318115 wikitext text/x-wiki Tionól ársa na n[[Gaeil]] ba ea '''aonach''' ([[Meán-Ghaeilge]] '''óenach'''<ref name='eDIL />), eagraithe tar éis bhás [[rí]], [[banríon]]a, nó [[draoi]] nó [[gaiscíoch|gaiscígh]] mór le rá, mar chuid de nósanna sinsearachta.<ref name=Nally2008 /> I dteannta le siamsa a bheith ann, bhuaileadh ríthe agus daoine uaisle agus [[sos cogaidh]] i réim eatarthu. Bhí trí chuspóir ag an aonach: urraim a thabhairt don duine marbh, dlíthe [[an Féineachas|an Fhéineachais]] a chur i bhfeidhm, agus [[cluichí sochraide]] a eagrú. Mhaireadh an urraim idir lá amháin agus trí lá, ag brath ar tábhacht an duine. Chantai caointe darb ainm [[gubha]],<ref name=guba /> agus chumadh draoithe amhráin lom láithreach darb ainm [[ceapóg]]a<ref name=cepoc /> in ómós na marbh. Dhóití an duine ansin ar [[breocharn]]. Cuireadh ansin an t[[Ollamh Éireann]] dlíthe i bhfeidhm trí bhaird agus draoithe, agus lastaí tine mhór. Tharlaítí ansin [[Cúiteach Fuatha]],<ref name=cuitech /><ref name=fuat /> cluichí aithne agus coirp i dteannta le margadh mór. Bhí ''Óenach [[Tailte|Tailten]]'' an t-aonach is tábhachtaí a bhí ann, eagraithe faoi choimirce an [[Ardrí na hÉireann|Ardrí]] agus clann [[Uí Néill]]. Dar le scríbhneoirí meánaoiseacha, bunaíodh é sa ré [[réamhstair]]e, agus mhair sé go dtí 1770. Luaitear é i n-[[annála Éireann]] má bhí achrann nó aighneas ag an aonach, nó má theip ar an ardrí é a eagrú. Chuir [[Saorstát Éireann]] [[Aonach Tailteann (Saorstát Éireann)|athléiriú na gcluichí]] ar siúl idir na blianta 1924 agus 1932. I measc aonach tábhachtach eile, bhí: * [[Tlachta (bandraoi)|Tlachta]], mí na [[Samhain|Samhna]] * [[Carman]], [[Contae Loch Garman]] * [[Uisneach]], mí na [[Bealtaine]] * Raigne, [[Osraí]]. Ní raibh nasc ag gach aonach le féilí págánacha. Ainmníodh ''Óenach Colmáin'', eagraithe is léir ag [[Lainn Eala]], as Naomh [[Colmán Eala]]. == Féach freisin == * [[An tAonach (idirdhealú)]]: logainm coitianta in Éirinn == Foinsí == * {{citation |last=Byrne |first=Francis John |authorlink=Francis John Byrne |title=Irish Kings and High-Kings |publisher=Batsford |location=Londain |year=1973 |isbn=0713458828 }} * {{citation |last=Charles-Edwards |first=T. M. |title=Early Christian Ireland |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=2000 |location=Cambridge |isbn=0521363950}} * {{citation |last=MacKillop |first=James |title=Oxford Dictionary of Celtic Mythology |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=Oxford |year=1998 |isbn=0198609671}} * {{citation |last=Ó Cróinín |first=Dáibhí |title=Early Medieval Ireland 400–1200 |year=1995 |series=Longman History of Ireland |publisher=Longman |location=Londain |isbn=0582015650}} == Naisc sheachtracha == * Nally, T. H., [https://archive.org/details/aonactailteannta00nalliala The Aonac Tailteann and the Tailteann Games Their History and Ancient Associations] ar archive.org * Lennon, John, [https://cdn.poyntzpass.co.uk/Fairs_and_Assemblies_in_Ireland.pdf ''Fairs and Assemblies in Ireland''] == Tagairtí == {{reflist | refs = <ref name=guba>{{lua idirlín | url = https://dil.ie/26768 | teideal = guba | foilsitheoir = eDIL | dátarochtana = 12 Meitheamh 2026}}</ref> <ref name=cepoc>{{lua idirlín | url = https://dil.ie/8718 | teideal = cepóc | foilsitheoir = eDIL | dátarochtana = 12 Meitheamh 2026}}</ref> <ref name=cuitech>{{lua idirlín | url = https://dil.ie/13726 | teideal = 2 cúitech | foilsitheoir = eDIL | dátarochtana = 12 Meitheamh 2026}}</ref> <ref name=fuat>{{lua idirlín | url = https://dil.ie/24702 | teideal = 1 fúat | foilsitheoir = eDIL | dátarochtana = 12 Meitheamh 2026}}</ref> }} [[Catagóir:an tSean-Éire]] [[Catagóir:Féilí i nÉirinn]] 32nxksu1piss4tbtgp30brnlevgnzgi 1318116 1318115 2026-06-20T18:19:58Z Marcas.oduinn 33120 /* Tagairtí */ Tagairtí 1318116 wikitext text/x-wiki Tionól ársa na n[[Gaeil]] ba ea '''aonach''' ([[Meán-Ghaeilge]] '''óenach'''<ref name='eDIL />), eagraithe tar éis bhás [[rí]], [[banríon]]a, nó [[draoi]] nó [[gaiscíoch|gaiscígh]] mór le rá, mar chuid de nósanna sinsearachta.<ref name=Nally2008 /> I dteannta le siamsa a bheith ann, bhuaileadh ríthe agus daoine uaisle agus [[sos cogaidh]] i réim eatarthu. Bhí trí chuspóir ag an aonach: urraim a thabhairt don duine marbh, dlíthe [[an Féineachas|an Fhéineachais]] a chur i bhfeidhm, agus [[cluichí sochraide]] a eagrú. Mhaireadh an urraim idir lá amháin agus trí lá, ag brath ar tábhacht an duine. Chantai caointe darb ainm [[gubha]],<ref name=guba /> agus chumadh draoithe amhráin lom láithreach darb ainm [[ceapóg]]a<ref name=cepoc /> in ómós na marbh. Dhóití an duine ansin ar [[breocharn]]. Cuireadh ansin an t[[Ollamh Éireann]] dlíthe i bhfeidhm trí bhaird agus draoithe, agus lastaí tine mhór. Tharlaítí ansin [[Cúiteach Fuatha]],<ref name=cuitech /><ref name=fuat /> cluichí aithne agus coirp i dteannta le margadh mór. Bhí ''Óenach [[Tailte|Tailten]]'' an t-aonach is tábhachtaí a bhí ann, eagraithe faoi choimirce an [[Ardrí na hÉireann|Ardrí]] agus clann [[Uí Néill]]. Dar le scríbhneoirí meánaoiseacha, bunaíodh é sa ré [[réamhstair]]e, agus mhair sé go dtí 1770. Luaitear é i n-[[annála Éireann]] má bhí achrann nó aighneas ag an aonach, nó má theip ar an ardrí é a eagrú. Chuir [[Saorstát Éireann]] [[Aonach Tailteann (Saorstát Éireann)|athléiriú na gcluichí]] ar siúl idir na blianta 1924 agus 1932. I measc aonach tábhachtach eile, bhí: * [[Tlachta (bandraoi)|Tlachta]], mí na [[Samhain|Samhna]] * [[Carman]], [[Contae Loch Garman]] * [[Uisneach]], mí na [[Bealtaine]] * Raigne, [[Osraí]]. Ní raibh nasc ag gach aonach le féilí págánacha. Ainmníodh ''Óenach Colmáin'', eagraithe is léir ag [[Lainn Eala]], as Naomh [[Colmán Eala]]. == Féach freisin == * [[An tAonach (idirdhealú)]]: logainm coitianta in Éirinn == Foinsí == * {{citation |last=Byrne |first=Francis John |authorlink=Francis John Byrne |title=Irish Kings and High-Kings |publisher=Batsford |location=Londain |year=1973 |isbn=0713458828 }} * {{citation |last=Charles-Edwards |first=T. M. |title=Early Christian Ireland |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=2000 |location=Cambridge |isbn=0521363950}} * {{citation |last=MacKillop |first=James |title=Oxford Dictionary of Celtic Mythology |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=Oxford |year=1998 |isbn=0198609671}} * {{citation |last=Ó Cróinín |first=Dáibhí |title=Early Medieval Ireland 400–1200 |year=1995 |series=Longman History of Ireland |publisher=Longman |location=Londain |isbn=0582015650}} == Naisc sheachtracha == * Nally, T. H., [https://archive.org/details/aonactailteannta00nalliala The Aonac Tailteann and the Tailteann Games Their History and Ancient Associations] ar archive.org * Lennon, John, [https://cdn.poyntzpass.co.uk/Fairs_and_Assemblies_in_Ireland.pdf ''Fairs and Assemblies in Ireland''] == Tagairtí == {{reflist | refs = <ref name=eDIL>{{lua idirlín | url = https://dil.ie/33513 | teideal = 1 oenach | foilsitheoir = eDIL | work = [[Baile Átha Cliath]] | bliain = 1913–1976 | dátarochtana = 2024-10-19}}</ref> <ref name=Nally2008>{{cite book|author=T. H. Nally|title=The Aonac Tailteann and the Tailteann Games Their History and Ancient Associations|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SObPJ02EiwMC|access-date=31ú Iúil 2012|year= 2008|publisher=Jesson Press|isbn=978-1409781899}}</ref> <ref name=guba>{{lua idirlín | url = https://dil.ie/26768 | teideal = guba | foilsitheoir = eDIL | dátarochtana = 12 Meitheamh 2026}}</ref> <ref name=cepoc>{{lua idirlín | url = https://dil.ie/8718 | teideal = cepóc | foilsitheoir = eDIL | dátarochtana = 12 Meitheamh 2026}}</ref> <ref name=cuitech>{{lua idirlín | url = https://dil.ie/13726 | teideal = 2 cúitech | foilsitheoir = eDIL | dátarochtana = 12 Meitheamh 2026}}</ref> <ref name=fuat>{{lua idirlín | url = https://dil.ie/24702 | teideal = 1 fúat | foilsitheoir = eDIL | dátarochtana = 12 Meitheamh 2026}}</ref> }} [[Catagóir:an tSean-Éire]] [[Catagóir:Féilí i nÉirinn]] 4vtjusxjz4wrmcvh3xpkvkprfdk1r3z 1318117 1318116 2026-06-20T18:26:08Z Marcas.oduinn 33120 /* Tagairtí */ Catagóir 1318117 wikitext text/x-wiki Tionól ársa na n[[Gaeil]] ba ea '''aonach''' ([[Meán-Ghaeilge]] '''óenach'''<ref name='eDIL />), eagraithe tar éis bhás [[rí]], [[banríon]]a, nó [[draoi]] nó [[gaiscíoch|gaiscígh]] mór le rá, mar chuid de nósanna sinsearachta.<ref name=Nally2008 /> I dteannta le siamsa a bheith ann, bhuaileadh ríthe agus daoine uaisle agus [[sos cogaidh]] i réim eatarthu. Bhí trí chuspóir ag an aonach: urraim a thabhairt don duine marbh, dlíthe [[an Féineachas|an Fhéineachais]] a chur i bhfeidhm, agus [[cluichí sochraide]] a eagrú. Mhaireadh an urraim idir lá amháin agus trí lá, ag brath ar tábhacht an duine. Chantai caointe darb ainm [[gubha]],<ref name=guba /> agus chumadh draoithe amhráin lom láithreach darb ainm [[ceapóg]]a<ref name=cepoc /> in ómós na marbh. Dhóití an duine ansin ar [[breocharn]]. Cuireadh ansin an t[[Ollamh Éireann]] dlíthe i bhfeidhm trí bhaird agus draoithe, agus lastaí tine mhór. Tharlaítí ansin [[Cúiteach Fuatha]],<ref name=cuitech /><ref name=fuat /> cluichí aithne agus coirp i dteannta le margadh mór. Bhí ''Óenach [[Tailte|Tailten]]'' an t-aonach is tábhachtaí a bhí ann, eagraithe faoi choimirce an [[Ardrí na hÉireann|Ardrí]] agus clann [[Uí Néill]]. Dar le scríbhneoirí meánaoiseacha, bunaíodh é sa ré [[réamhstair]]e, agus mhair sé go dtí 1770. Luaitear é i n-[[annála Éireann]] má bhí achrann nó aighneas ag an aonach, nó má theip ar an ardrí é a eagrú. Chuir [[Saorstát Éireann]] [[Aonach Tailteann (Saorstát Éireann)|athléiriú na gcluichí]] ar siúl idir na blianta 1924 agus 1932. I measc aonach tábhachtach eile, bhí: * [[Tlachta (bandraoi)|Tlachta]], mí na [[Samhain|Samhna]] * [[Carman]], [[Contae Loch Garman]] * [[Uisneach]], mí na [[Bealtaine]] * Raigne, [[Osraí]]. Ní raibh nasc ag gach aonach le féilí págánacha. Ainmníodh ''Óenach Colmáin'', eagraithe is léir ag [[Lainn Eala]], as Naomh [[Colmán Eala]]. == Féach freisin == * [[An tAonach (idirdhealú)]]: logainm coitianta in Éirinn == Foinsí == * {{citation |last=Byrne |first=Francis John |authorlink=Francis John Byrne |title=Irish Kings and High-Kings |publisher=Batsford |location=Londain |year=1973 |isbn=0713458828 }} * {{citation |last=Charles-Edwards |first=T. M. |title=Early Christian Ireland |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=2000 |location=Cambridge |isbn=0521363950}} * {{citation |last=MacKillop |first=James |title=Oxford Dictionary of Celtic Mythology |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=Oxford |year=1998 |isbn=0198609671}} * {{citation |last=Ó Cróinín |first=Dáibhí |title=Early Medieval Ireland 400–1200 |year=1995 |series=Longman History of Ireland |publisher=Longman |location=Londain |isbn=0582015650}} == Naisc sheachtracha == * Nally, T. H., [https://archive.org/details/aonactailteannta00nalliala The Aonac Tailteann and the Tailteann Games Their History and Ancient Associations] ar archive.org * Lennon, John, [https://cdn.poyntzpass.co.uk/Fairs_and_Assemblies_in_Ireland.pdf ''Fairs and Assemblies in Ireland''] == Tagairtí == {{reflist | refs = <ref name=eDIL>{{lua idirlín | url = https://dil.ie/33513 | teideal = 1 oenach | foilsitheoir = eDIL | work = [[Baile Átha Cliath]] | bliain = 1913–1976 | dátarochtana = 2024-10-19}}</ref> <ref name=Nally2008>{{cite book|author=T. H. Nally|title=The Aonac Tailteann and the Tailteann Games Their History and Ancient Associations|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SObPJ02EiwMC|access-date=31ú Iúil 2012|year= 2008|publisher=Jesson Press|isbn=978-1409781899}}</ref> <ref name=guba>{{lua idirlín | url = https://dil.ie/26768 | teideal = guba | foilsitheoir = eDIL | dátarochtana = 12 Meitheamh 2026}}</ref> <ref name=cepoc>{{lua idirlín | url = https://dil.ie/8718 | teideal = cepóc | foilsitheoir = eDIL | dátarochtana = 12 Meitheamh 2026}}</ref> <ref name=cuitech>{{lua idirlín | url = https://dil.ie/13726 | teideal = 2 cúitech | foilsitheoir = eDIL | dátarochtana = 12 Meitheamh 2026}}</ref> <ref name=fuat>{{lua idirlín | url = https://dil.ie/24702 | teideal = 1 fúat | foilsitheoir = eDIL | dátarochtana = 12 Meitheamh 2026}}</ref> }} [[Catagóir:an tSean-Éire]] [[Catagóir:Féilte Éireannacha]] 7bcg5pirangwsezh8b3rgygypb16jq7 1318118 1318117 2026-06-20T18:27:20Z Marcas.oduinn 33120 /* */ airgid cróchair 1318118 wikitext text/x-wiki Tionól ársa na n[[Gaeil]] ba ea '''aonach''' ([[Meán-Ghaeilge]] '''óenach'''<ref name='eDIL />), eagraithe tar éis bhás [[rí]], [[banríon]]a, nó [[draoi]] nó [[gaiscíoch|gaiscígh]] mór le rá, mar chuid de nósanna sinsearachta.<ref name=Nally2008 /> I dteannta le siamsa a bheith ann, bhuaileadh ríthe agus daoine uaisle agus [[sos cogaidh]] i réim eatarthu. Bhí trí chuspóir ag an aonach: urraim a thabhairt don duine marbh, dlíthe [[an Féineachas|an Fhéineachais]] a chur i bhfeidhm, agus [[cluichí sochraide]] a eagrú. Mhaireadh an urraim idir lá amháin agus trí lá, ag brath ar tábhacht an duine. Chantai caointe darb ainm [[gubha]],<ref name=guba /> agus chumadh draoithe amhráin lom láithreach darb ainm [[ceapóg]]a<ref name=cepoc /> in ómós na marbh. Dhóití an duine ansin ar [[breocharn]]. Cuireadh ansin an t[[Ollamh Éireann]] dlíthe i bhfeidhm trí bhaird agus draoithe, agus lastaí tine mhór. Tharlaítí ansin [[Cúiteach Fuatha]] (airgid cróchair),<ref name=cuitech /><ref name=fuat /> cluichí aithne agus coirp i dteannta le margadh mór. Bhí ''Óenach [[Tailte|Tailten]]'' an t-aonach is tábhachtaí a bhí ann, eagraithe faoi choimirce an [[Ardrí na hÉireann|Ardrí]] agus clann [[Uí Néill]]. Dar le scríbhneoirí meánaoiseacha, bunaíodh é sa ré [[réamhstair]]e, agus mhair sé go dtí 1770. Luaitear é i n-[[annála Éireann]] má bhí achrann nó aighneas ag an aonach, nó má theip ar an ardrí é a eagrú. Chuir [[Saorstát Éireann]] [[Aonach Tailteann (Saorstát Éireann)|athléiriú na gcluichí]] ar siúl idir na blianta 1924 agus 1932. I measc aonach tábhachtach eile, bhí: * [[Tlachta (bandraoi)|Tlachta]], mí na [[Samhain|Samhna]] * [[Carman]], [[Contae Loch Garman]] * [[Uisneach]], mí na [[Bealtaine]] * Raigne, [[Osraí]]. Ní raibh nasc ag gach aonach le féilí págánacha. Ainmníodh ''Óenach Colmáin'', eagraithe is léir ag [[Lainn Eala]], as Naomh [[Colmán Eala]]. == Féach freisin == * [[An tAonach (idirdhealú)]]: logainm coitianta in Éirinn == Foinsí == * {{citation |last=Byrne |first=Francis John |authorlink=Francis John Byrne |title=Irish Kings and High-Kings |publisher=Batsford |location=Londain |year=1973 |isbn=0713458828 }} * {{citation |last=Charles-Edwards |first=T. M. |title=Early Christian Ireland |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=2000 |location=Cambridge |isbn=0521363950}} * {{citation |last=MacKillop |first=James |title=Oxford Dictionary of Celtic Mythology |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=Oxford |year=1998 |isbn=0198609671}} * {{citation |last=Ó Cróinín |first=Dáibhí |title=Early Medieval Ireland 400–1200 |year=1995 |series=Longman History of Ireland |publisher=Longman |location=Londain |isbn=0582015650}} == Naisc sheachtracha == * Nally, T. H., [https://archive.org/details/aonactailteannta00nalliala The Aonac Tailteann and the Tailteann Games Their History and Ancient Associations] ar archive.org * Lennon, John, [https://cdn.poyntzpass.co.uk/Fairs_and_Assemblies_in_Ireland.pdf ''Fairs and Assemblies in Ireland''] == Tagairtí == {{reflist | refs = <ref name=eDIL>{{lua idirlín | url = https://dil.ie/33513 | teideal = 1 oenach | foilsitheoir = eDIL | work = [[Baile Átha Cliath]] | bliain = 1913–1976 | dátarochtana = 2024-10-19}}</ref> <ref name=Nally2008>{{cite book|author=T. H. Nally|title=The Aonac Tailteann and the Tailteann Games Their History and Ancient Associations|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SObPJ02EiwMC|access-date=31ú Iúil 2012|year= 2008|publisher=Jesson Press|isbn=978-1409781899}}</ref> <ref name=guba>{{lua idirlín | url = https://dil.ie/26768 | teideal = guba | foilsitheoir = eDIL | dátarochtana = 12 Meitheamh 2026}}</ref> <ref name=cepoc>{{lua idirlín | url = https://dil.ie/8718 | teideal = cepóc | foilsitheoir = eDIL | dátarochtana = 12 Meitheamh 2026}}</ref> <ref name=cuitech>{{lua idirlín | url = https://dil.ie/13726 | teideal = 2 cúitech | foilsitheoir = eDIL | dátarochtana = 12 Meitheamh 2026}}</ref> <ref name=fuat>{{lua idirlín | url = https://dil.ie/24702 | teideal = 1 fúat | foilsitheoir = eDIL | dátarochtana = 12 Meitheamh 2026}}</ref> }} [[Catagóir:an tSean-Éire]] [[Catagóir:Féilte Éireannacha]] 3h72jmozgg74rqtdtikvg7vmpirqlp2 1318162 1318118 2026-06-21T08:12:57Z Marcas.oduinn 33120 /* */ Aonach Thailtean 1318162 wikitext text/x-wiki Tionól ársa na n[[Gaeil]] ba ea '''aonach''' ([[Meán-Ghaeilge]] '''óenach'''<ref name='eDIL />), eagraithe tar éis bhás [[rí]], [[banríon]]a, nó [[draoi]] nó [[gaiscíoch|gaiscígh]] mór le rá, mar chuid de nósanna sinsearachta.<ref name=Nally2008 /> I dteannta le siamsa a bheith ann, bhuaileadh ríthe agus daoine uaisle agus [[sos cogaidh]] i réim eatarthu. Bhí trí chuspóir ag an aonach: urraim a thabhairt don duine marbh, dlíthe [[an Féineachas|an Fhéineachais]] a chur i bhfeidhm, agus [[cluichí sochraide]] a eagrú. Mhaireadh an urraim idir lá amháin agus trí lá, ag brath ar tábhacht an duine. Chantai caointe darb ainm [[gubha]],<ref name=guba /> agus chumadh draoithe amhráin lom láithreach darb ainm [[ceapóg]]a<ref name=cepoc /> in ómós na marbh. Dhóití an duine ansin ar [[breocharn]]. Cuireadh ansin an t[[Ollamh Éireann]] dlíthe i bhfeidhm trí bhaird agus draoithe, agus lastaí tine mhór. Tharlaítí ansin [[Cúiteach Fuatha]] (airgid cróchair),<ref name=cuitech /><ref name=fuat /> cluichí aithne agus coirp i dteannta le margadh mór. Bhí [[Aonach Thailtean]] an t-aonach is tábhachtaí a bhí ann, eagraithe faoi choimirce an [[Ardrí na hÉireann|Ardrí]] agus clann [[Uí Néill]]. Dar le scríbhneoirí meánaoiseacha, bunaíodh é sa ré [[réamhstair]]e, agus mhair sé go dtí 1770. Luaitear é i n-[[annála Éireann]] má bhí achrann nó aighneas ag an aonach, nó má theip ar an ardrí é a eagrú. Chuir [[Saorstát Éireann]] [[Aonach Tailteann (Saorstát Éireann)|athléiriú na gcluichí]] ar siúl idir na blianta 1924 agus 1932. I measc aonach tábhachtach eile, bhí: * [[Tlachta (bandraoi)|Tlachta]], mí na [[Samhain|Samhna]] * [[Carman]], [[Contae Loch Garman]] * [[Uisneach]], mí na [[Bealtaine]] * Raigne, [[Osraí]]. Ní raibh nasc ag gach aonach le féilí págánacha. Ainmníodh Aonach Cholmáin, eagraithe is dócha ag [[Lainn Eala]], as Naomh [[Colmán Eala]]. == Féach freisin == * [[An tAonach (idirdhealú)]]: logainm coitianta in Éirinn == Foinsí == * {{citation |last=Byrne |first=Francis John |authorlink=Francis John Byrne |title=Irish Kings and High-Kings |publisher=Batsford |location=Londain |year=1973 |isbn=0713458828 }} * {{citation |last=Charles-Edwards |first=T. M. |title=Early Christian Ireland |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=2000 |location=Cambridge |isbn=0521363950}} * {{citation |last=MacKillop |first=James |title=Oxford Dictionary of Celtic Mythology |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=Oxford |year=1998 |isbn=0198609671}} * {{citation |last=Ó Cróinín |first=Dáibhí |title=Early Medieval Ireland 400–1200 |year=1995 |series=Longman History of Ireland |publisher=Longman |location=Londain |isbn=0582015650}} == Naisc sheachtracha == * Nally, T. H., [https://archive.org/details/aonactailteannta00nalliala The Aonac Tailteann and the Tailteann Games Their History and Ancient Associations] ar archive.org * Lennon, John, [https://cdn.poyntzpass.co.uk/Fairs_and_Assemblies_in_Ireland.pdf ''Fairs and Assemblies in Ireland''] == Tagairtí == {{reflist | refs = <ref name=eDIL>{{lua idirlín | url = https://dil.ie/33513 | teideal = 1 oenach | foilsitheoir = eDIL | work = [[Baile Átha Cliath]] | bliain = 1913–1976 | dátarochtana = 2024-10-19}}</ref> <ref name=Nally2008>{{cite book|author=T. H. Nally|title=The Aonac Tailteann and the Tailteann Games Their History and Ancient Associations|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SObPJ02EiwMC|access-date=31ú Iúil 2012|year= 2008|publisher=Jesson Press|isbn=978-1409781899}}</ref> <ref name=guba>{{lua idirlín | url = https://dil.ie/26768 | teideal = guba | foilsitheoir = eDIL | dátarochtana = 12 Meitheamh 2026}}</ref> <ref name=cepoc>{{lua idirlín | url = https://dil.ie/8718 | teideal = cepóc | foilsitheoir = eDIL | dátarochtana = 12 Meitheamh 2026}}</ref> <ref name=cuitech>{{lua idirlín | url = https://dil.ie/13726 | teideal = 2 cúitech | foilsitheoir = eDIL | dátarochtana = 12 Meitheamh 2026}}</ref> <ref name=fuat>{{lua idirlín | url = https://dil.ie/24702 | teideal = 1 fúat | foilsitheoir = eDIL | dátarochtana = 12 Meitheamh 2026}}</ref> }} [[Catagóir:an tSean-Éire]] [[Catagóir:Féilte Éireannacha]] 3e6cbm20doh9h38pi96ai0t4aagbv8l 0 103482 1318120 1070098 2026-06-20T18:33:22Z InternetArchiveBot 47196 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1318120 wikitext text/x-wiki {{WD Bosca Sonraí Duine}} Ba é '''James Lovelock''' an t-[[eolaí]] [[Sasana|Sasanach]] ([[26 Iúil]] [[1919]] - [[26 Iúil]] [[2022]]) a chum an téis sna [[1970idí]] gur orgánach comhdhéanta atá sa [[domhan]] ina maireann muid.<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=http://garraijohnnymhorgan.blogspot.com/2009/04/dea-sceala-don-ghaeilge.html|teideal=Garraí Johnny Mhorgan: Dea-scéala don Ghaeilge, fíordhrochscéala don chine daonna?|údar=Tadhg Mac Dhonnagáin|dáta=2009-04-23|work=Garraí Johnny Mhorgan|dátarochtana=2022-07-28}}</ref> "Gaia" a bhaist sé ar an hipitéis seo, ina samhlaítear [[an Domhan]] iomlán ina [[orgánach]] a mhionathraíonn a [[Comhshaol|chomhshaol]] féin chun coimeád ina staid bharrmhaith.   [[Íomhá:James_Lovelock_i_mBÁC,_UCD.png|clé|mion|Ghlac James Lovelock (ar chlé), an t-eolaí Briotanach a gcuirtear síos go minic air mar ‘fáidh an athraithe aeráide’, páirt i gcomhrá poiblí leis an Ollamh Frank Convery, Stiúrthóir an Earth Institute [[An Coláiste Ollscoile, Baile Átha Cliath|UCD]], os coinne lucht éisteachta de níos mó ná 600 duine ag Halla O’Reilly UCD i mí Aibreáin 2009<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.ucd.ie/t4cms/ucdpr2009_irish.pdf|teideal=TUARASCÁIL AN UACHTARÁIN,MEÁN FÓMHAIR 2008 – LÚNASA 2009|údar=ucd.ie|dáta=2009|dátarochtana=2022|archivedate=2022-10-20|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221020105526/https://www.ucd.ie/t4cms/ucdpr2009_irish.pdf}}</ref>]] Chuir Lovelock síos ar GAIA ina leabhar ''GAIA: A New Look at Life on Earth'' (GAIA: Léargas Nua ar an mBeatha ar Domhan, 1979). Bhunaigh Lovelock an coincheap ar [[Geolaíocht|gheolaíocht]], geoicheimic, [[bitheolaíocht]] éabhlóideach, is aeráideolaíocht, agus phléigh sé na bealaí rialaithe siarchothaithe ina n-idiroibríonn na páirteanna éagsúla den Domhan óna chroíleacán amach go barr an [[Atmaisféar an Domhain|atmaisféir]]. == Féach freisin == * [[Hipitéis Gaia]] == Tagairtí == {{reflist}}{{síol}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Lovelock, James }} [[Catagóir:Daoine a rugadh i 1919]] [[Catagóir:Básanna in 2022]] [[Catagóir:Eolaithe Sasanacha]] 187651uqee2twgwa1ukqtpzk9kecew1 0 110880 1318132 1318056 2026-06-20T22:08:38Z TGcoa 21229 1318132 wikitext text/x-wiki {{WD Bosca Sonraí Foirgneamh}} Tá '''Coláiste na nGael, Páras''' nó '''Coláiste na nÉireannach'''<ref>i mBéarla, ''the Irish College of Paris''</ref> i bPáras suite ar 5 rue des Irlandais sa 5ú arrondissement de chuid Pháras, ar an mBruach Clé (Fraincis: ''Collège des Irlandais'', Laidin: ''Collegium Clericorum Hibernorum'',<ref>Charles Jourdain: ''Histoire de l’Université de Paris au XVIIe et au XVIIIe siècle''. Hachette, Paris 1862, Addendum: ''Piéces justifivatives'', 109.</ref> Béarla: ''Irish College in Paris''). [[Íomhá:Emplacement de l'ancien collège des Irlandais rue de la Vignette.jpg|clé|mion|290x290px|Collège des Irlandais, Coláiste na nGael go dtí 1793, rue de la Vignette]] == Stair == Bhunaigh John Lee an Coláiste timpeall 1600 agus toghadh na foirgnimh atá ann anois sna 1770idí.<ref>{{Lua idirlín|teideal=Páras agus an chéad fhoclóir Béarla-Gaeilge riamh|url=https://archives-en.centreculturelirlandais.com/online-exhibitions/paras-agus-an-chead-fhocloir-bearla-gaeilge-riamh|work=archives-en.centreculturelirlandais.com|dátarochtana=2026-06-20}}</ref> Ag an am, bhí ról ríthábhachtach ag Coláistí na nGael ar mhór-roinn na hEorpa i gcaomhnú léann agus litríocht na Gaeilge. Bhí Coláiste na nGael i bPáras ar an gceann ba thábhachtaí díobh agus bhí sé ina lárionad foghlama agus scoláireachta d’Éireannaigh thar lear. [[Íomhá:P1010805 Paris V Rue des Irlandais Collège des irlandais reductwk.JPG|clé|mion|5 rue des Irlandais, 75005 Paris|344x344px]] [[Íomhá:Fronton Collège des Irlandais.JPG|clé|mion|220x220px]] [[Íomhá:Irish_College_Paris_Exhibit_(cropped).jpg|clé|mion|220x220px|Armas]] == Alumni == [[Íomhá:P1010808 Paris V Rue des Irlandais Collège des Irlandais reductwk.JPG|clé|mion|clós |220x220px]] * MESSINGHAM, Thomas (''c.''1575–''c.''1638): Bhog sé go dtí an coláiste Éireannach agus bhain céim mháistir ann i 1613 agus fuair dochtúireacht ar ball ón Sorbón<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.ainm.ie/Bio.aspx?ID=1372|teideal=MESSINGHAM, Thomas (c.1575–c.1638)|language=ga-IE|work=ainm.ie|dátarochtana=2023-12-27}}</ref> * NARY, Cornelius (1658–1738): cuireadh go Coláiste na nÉireannach é<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.ainm.ie/Bio.aspx?ID=1373|teideal=NARY, Cornelius (1658–1738)|language=ga-IE|work=ainm.ie|dátarochtana=2023-12-27}}</ref> * Ó DUINNSHLÉIBHE, Aindrias (1680–1746): Chuaigh sé go Páras i 1710 agus i 1722 ceapadh é ina Mhaor ar Choláiste na nGael<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.ainm.ie/Bio.aspx?ID=1433|teideal=Ó DUINNSHLÉIBHE, Aindrias (1680–1746)|language=ga-IE|work=ainm.ie|dátarochtana=2023-12-27}}</ref> * Ó GALLCHOBHAIR, Séamus (''c.''1684–1751): Fuair sé oideachas i gColáiste na nGael<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.ainm.ie/Bio.aspx?ID=1443|teideal=Ó GALLCHOBHAIR, Séamus (c.1684–1751)|language=ga-IE|work=ainm.ie|dátarochtana=2023-12-27}}</ref> * [[Conchubhar Ó Beaglaoich|Ó Beaglaoich]], [[Conchubhar Ó Beaglaoich|Conchubhar]] a scríobh an ''[[An Focloir Bearla Gaoidheilge]]'' ''(''1732) * PAOR, Eoin (1764–1831): Fuair sé oiliúint sagairt i gColáiste na nGael<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.ainm.ie/Bio.aspx?ID=1143|teideal=PAOR, Eoin (1764–1831)|language=ga-IE|work=ainm.ie|dátarochtana=2023-12-27}}</ref> * LYONS, John (1836–1908): D’fhreastail sé ar chliarscoil Naomh Uinseann i gCorcaigh roimh dhul go Coláiste na nGael dó<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.ainm.ie/Bio.aspx?ID=1323|teideal=LYONS, John (1836–1908)|language=ga-IE|work=ainm.ie|dátarochtana=2023-12-27}}</ref> * MAG FHLAINN, Seán (1843–1915): Faoi 1863 bhí sé i gColáiste na nÉireannach<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.ainm.ie/Bio.aspx?ID=273|teideal=MAG FHLAINN, Seán (1843–1915)|language=ga-IE|work=ainm.ie|dátarochtana=2023-12-27}}</ref> * NÍ SHÍTHIGH, David: Fuair sé oideachas i gColáiste na nGael lena dheartháir Eoghan sna 1860idí toisc nár theastaigh uathu mionn dílseachta a ghlacadh i [[Coláiste Phádraig, Má Nuad|Maigh Nuad]]. Cuireadh abhaile é nuair a bhí an calar forleata i bPáras in 1866<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.ainm.ie/Bio.aspx?ID=545|teideal=NÍ SHÍTHIGH, Caitlín (1886–1938)|language=ga-IE|work=ainm.ie|dátarochtana=2023-12-27}}</ref> * Ó RIAIN, Mathúin (1844–1937): Fuair sé oideachas i gColáiste na nGael ar feadh ceithre bliana gur oirníodh é in 1871<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.ainm.ie/Bio.aspx?ID=105|teideal=Ó RIAIN, Mathúin (1844–1937)|language=ga-IE|work=ainm.ie|dátarochtana=2023-12-27}}</ref> * Ó LAOGHAIRE, Pádraig (1853–1932): Fuair sé oideachas i gColáiste na nGael mar ar oirníodh ina shagart é i Meitheamh 1879<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.ainm.ie/Bio.aspx?ID=85|teideal=Ó LAOGHAIRE, Pádraig (1853–1932)|language=ga-IE|work=ainm.ie|dátarochtana=2023-12-27}}</ref> * MAC GIOLLA SHEANAIGH, Tomás Eadbhard (1879–1931): Chuaigh sé go Coláiste na nGael in 1897<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.ainm.ie/Bio.aspx?ID=275|teideal=MAC GIOLLA SHEANAIGH, Tomás Eadbhard (1879–1931)|language=ga-IE|work=ainm.ie|dátarochtana=2023-12-27}}</ref> * [[Pádraig de Brún|DE BRÚN, Pádraig]] (1889–1960): Bhí a chúrsa diagachta críochnaithe aige i gColáiste na nÉireannach agus oirníodh ina shagart é i 1913<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.ainm.ie/Bio.aspx?ID=420|teideal=DE BRÚN, Pádraig (1889–1960)|language=ga-IE|work=ainm.ie|dátarochtana=2023-12-27}}</ref> * Ó DOMHNAILL, Pádraig (1890–1953): bhuaigh sé scoláireacht dhá bhliain i gColáiste na nGael, mar a ndearna sé staidéar ar fhealsúnacht<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.ainm.ie/Bio.aspx?ID=63|teideal=Ó DOMHNAILL, Pádraig (1890–1953)|language=ga-IE|work=ainm.ie|dátarochtana=2023-12-27}}</ref> == Féach freisin == * [[Coláiste Naomh Antaine]], [[Lováin|Louvain]] * [[Coláiste Phádraig, Má Nuad]] * ''[[An Focloir Bearla Gaoidheilge]]<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://tuairisc.ie/dialann-tuairisc-focloir-ui-bheaglaoich-fillte-ar-pharas-an-la-is-faide-sa-mbliain-anseo-cheana-fein/|teideal=DIALANN TUAIRISC: Foclóir Uí Bheaglaoich fillte ar Pháras {{!}} An lá is faide sa mbliain anseo cheana féin|údar=Bridget Bhreathnach|dáta=18 Meitheamh 2026|language=ga-IE|work=Tuairisc.ie|dátarochtana=2026-06-18}}</ref>'' == Tagairtí == {{reflist}} [[Catagóir:Páras]] [[Catagóir:Cultúr na hÉireann]] [[Catagóir:Cliarscoileanna]] [[Catagóir:Ollscoileanna Caitliceacha]] [[Catagóir:Cultúrlanna]] [[Catagóir:Coláiste na nGael, Páras]] [[Catagóir:Coláistí na nGael]] eodrgvkuilmoovfbbdfzjwpq3gbwvbs 0 118246 1318098 1260760 2026-06-20T13:36:42Z InternetArchiveBot 47196 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1318098 wikitext text/x-wiki {{WD Bosca Sonraí Duine}} Is taidhleoir Meiriceánach é '''George Edward Moose''' (rugadh 23 Meitheamh, 1944) atá ina chathaoirleach ar bhord stiúrthóirí Institiúid Síochána na Stát Aontaithe ([[United States Institute of Peace]] nó an USIP) ó 2021 i leith. Bhíodh sé roimhe sin inao Ghnóthaí na hAfraice ó 1993 go 1997, ina ionadaí do na Náisiúin Aontaithe sa Ghinéiv ó 1997 go 2001,<ref name="USUNEO">{{Cite web-en|url=https://history.state.gov/departmenthistory/people/chiefsofmission/representative-uneo|title=Representatives of the U.S.A. to the European Office of the United Nations (Geneva)|publisher=United States Department of State|access-date=August 14, 2011}}</ref> agus ina Ambasadóir do [[Beinin|Phoblacht na Beinine]] agus na Seineagáile sna 1980idí agus sna 1990idí. Tá cáil air go príomha as fónamh agus mar Ambasadóir chuig Poblachtaí [[Beinin|na Beinin]] agus [[An Seineagal|an tSeineagáil]] sna 1980í agus 1990idí. Tá aithne air go príomha as bheith ina Státrúnaí Cúnta do Ghnóthaí Afracach i Riarachán [[Bill Clinton|Clinton]] le linn iarracht ar chinedhíothú i Ruanda. Briseadh Moose as a phost mar phríomhoifigeach feidhmiúcháin agus ó bhord an USIP ar 14 March 2025 ag riarachán [[Donald Trump|Trump]]. Ba é an chúis a luadh ná neamhchomhlíonadh le hordú feidhmiúcháin le déanaí maidir le hathshannadh a dhéanamh ar chúnamh eachtrach le tacaíocht feidearálach.<ref name="ap-usip-2025" /> == Beathaisnéis == Rugadh George Moose i [[Nua-Eabhrac (cathair)|gCathair Nua-Eabhrac]] i 1944 agus tógadh é i [[Denver, Colorado]]. Ghnóthaigh sé céim ó [[Coláiste Grinnell|Choláiste Grinnell]] agus d’fhreastail sé ar Scoil Maxwell in [[Ollscoil Syracuse]] sula ndeachaigh sé isteach sa tSeirbhís Eachtrach i 1967. Bhí sannacháin luatha ag Ambasadóir Moose i Washington DC, [[Barbadós]], [[Vítneam]], agus na [[Na Náisiúin Aontaithe|NA]] i Nua-Eabhrac. Labhraíonn sé [[An Vítneaimis|Vítneaimis]] agus [[An Fhraincis|Fraincis]]. Bhí an Rúnaí Moose i gceannas ar thoscaireacht Mheiriceá a ghlac páirt sa chéad Chomhdháil Idirnáisiúnta i dTóiceo ar Fhorbairt na hAfraice i mí Dheireadh Fómhair 1993. Sa bhliain 2002, tugadh ardú céime dó go céim Ambasadóra Gairme.<ref name="CareerAmbassadors">{{Cite web-en|url=https://history.state.gov/departmenthistory/people/principalofficers/career-ambassador|title=Career Ambassadors|publisher=United States Department of State|access-date=August 22, 2011}}</ref> Tá Moose ag teaasc ar chúrsa dar teideal "Athchruthú na Náisiún Aontaithe" ({{Lang-en|Reinventing the United Nations}}) faoi láthair sa [[George Washington University]] Elliott School of International Affairs agus is comhalta é faoi láthair in Institiúid Polaitíochta [[Ollscoil Harvard]], áit a bhfuil sé i gceannas ar ghrúpa staidéir ar an Afraic sa chóras iltaobhach. Tá sé ina bhall ar Bhord na Stiúrthóirí den eagraíocht 'Search for Common Ground' ón bhliain 2003. Briseadh Moose mar Phríomhfheidhmeannach agus cuireadh as oifig é mar uachtarán ar bhord Institiúid Síochána na Stát Aontaithe (USIP) an 14 Márta 2025, mar chuid d’iarrachtaí Tí Bháin Trump cláir chúnaimh choigríche a fhaigheann tacaíocht feidearálach a atreorú nó a fhoirceannadh. Luaigh urlabhraí an Tí Bháin Anna Kelly “neamhchomhlíonadh” ("noncompliance") USIP le hordú feidhmiúcháin le déanaí ón Uachtarán [[Donald Trump|Trump]] mar chúis lena briseadh as a phost. Dúirt Kelly; "''Rogue bureaucrats will not be allowed to hold agencies hostage. The Trump administration will enforce the president's executive authority and ensure his agencies remain accountable to the American people.''" Gheall Moose caingean dlí, ag rá "''What has happened here today is an illegal takeover by elements of the executive branch of a private non-profit''". Níl an USIP mar chuid den rialtas feidearálach.<ref name="ap-usip-2025"> {{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2025/mar/17/us-institute-of-peace-doge|teideal=Doge occupies US Institute of Peace headquarters after White House guts its board|work=The Guardian}}<cite class="citation news cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFAssociated_Press2025">Associated Press (18 March 2025). [https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2025/mar/17/us-institute-of-peace-doge "Doge breaks into US Institute of Peace Building after White House guts board"]. ''The Guardian''. London, United Kingdom. [[International Standard Serial Number|ISSN]]&nbsp;[https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0261-3077 0261-3077]<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2025-03-18</span></span>.</cite></ref> == Naisc sheachtracha == * [http://www.legacymemorybank.org Oidhreacht]{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121217034129/http://www.legacymemorybank.org/ |date=2012-12-17 }} Bhronn an tAmbasadóir George E.Moose agallaimh closamhairc ardghléine ar an Legacy. * [https://history.state.gov/departmenthistory/people/moose-george-edward Roinn Stáit na Stát Aontaithe: Gairm le George Edward Moose] == Tagairtí == {{Reflist}} {{Síol-beath-us}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Moose, George}} [[Catagóir:Daoine a rugadh i 1944]] [[Catagóir:Daoine beo]] [[Catagóir:Taidhleoirí Meiriceánacha]] bsxxm9j9nlygsxxjk4mmjfsd22xc0d9 0 119913 1318153 1271461 2026-06-21T00:21:19Z InternetArchiveBot 47196 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1318153 wikitext text/x-wiki {{WD Bosca Tíreolaíocht Fhisiceach}} Tá ''' Loch Sáile'''<ref name=logainm /> suite i mbaile fearainn [[Teach Coimseáin]] i n-oirdheisceart {{h|Contae Loch Garman}}. == Stair an dúlra == Rinneadh [[Limistéar faoi Chosaint Speisialta]] (LCsS) den loch faoin Treoir maidir le hÉin ón Aontas Eorpach (EC/79/409)<ref name=SPA /> agus [[Limistéar faoi Chaomhnú Speisialta]] (LCmS) ag An Seirbhís Páirceanna Náisiúnta agus Fiadhúlra.<ref name=NWPS /> Is áit ar leith é Loch Sáile le haghaidh fairtheoirí éan. Tarraingítear ann roinnt [[lapaire|We'll encourage him! Is it in Olaf's? ..days, time?]] Meiriceánacha ganna san Fhómhair, chomh maith lena lán speiceas idirnáisiúnta tábhachtacha cosúil le h[[Eala thundra]], [[Cadhan]], [[lacha rua]], [[roilleach]], [[feadóg bhuí]] agus [[pilibín]].<ref name=GOI/> == Féach freisin == * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]] == Tagairtí == {{reflist | refs = <ref name=logainm>{{lua idirlín | url = https://www.logainm.ie/ga/1166405 | teideal = Loch Sáile/Tacumshin Lake | foilsitheoir = [[An Coimisiún Logainmneacha]] | dátarochtana = 8ú Deireadh Fómhair 2020 | teanga = ga | work = [[logainm.ie|Bunachar Logainmneacha na hÉireann]] (logainm.ie)}}</ref> <ref name=SPA>{{lua idirlín | url = https://www.npws.ie/protected-sites/spa/004092 | teideal = Tacumshin Lake SPA | foilsitheoir = [[An tSeirbhís Páirceanna Náisiúnta agus Fiadhúlra]] | dátarochtana = 8ú Deireadh Fómhair 2020}}</ref> <ref name=NWPS>{{lua idirlín | teideal = Tacumshin Lake SAC | url = https://www.npws.ie/protected-sites/sac/000709 | suíomh = [[An tSeirbhís Páirceanna Náisiúnta agus Fiadhúlra]] | dátarochtana = 8ú Deireadh Fómhair 2020}}</ref> <ref name=GOI>{{lua idirlín | url = http://www.goireland.com/wexford/tacumshin-lake-lagoon-attraction-bird-watching-id12424.htm | teideal = Tacumshin Lake Lagoon Bird Watching | suíomh = www.goireland.com | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110720064906/http://www.goireland.com/wexford/tacumshin-lake-lagoon-attraction-bird-watching-id12424.htm | archive-date = 20 July 2011 | dátarochtana = 25 Meitheamh 2025 | archivedate = 20 Iúil 2011 | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20110720064906/http://www.goireland.com/wexford/tacumshin-lake-lagoon-attraction-bird-watching-id12424.htm }}</ref> }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Sáile, Loch}} [[Catagóir:Lochanna Chontae Loch Garman]] fhncj7v11dxegxf877yw86w72duuawa 0 120737 1318156 1316565 2026-06-21T05:10:33Z ListeriaBot 25319 Wikidata list updated [V2] 1318156 wikitext text/x-wiki <imagemap>File:2020 EU MAP.svg | 250px | thumb | lang=ga | Léarscáil (inchliceáilte) den AE poly 261 28 273 39 279 59 284 61 286 66 271 97 275 105 275 116 284 122 308 111 320 83 308 75 310 71 302 60 305 54 297 46 298 36 290 32 291 16 282 16 277 22 280 28 275 33 270 32 264 26 [[An Fhionlainn]] poly 260 29 259 38 252 37 252 42 248 41 244 54 238 64 238 72 235 77 237 83 226 83 223 100 227 106 230 111 227 115 229 121 223 127 220 141 229 160 227 163 231 173 238 171 238 168 242 164 250 164 254 135 261 130 262 117 252 115 257 93 270 83 271 66 279 59 273 39 [[an tSualainn]] poly 312 142 307 131 311 123 294 123 279 132 280 142 290 137 295 138 304 141 [[an Eastóin]] poly 310 164 319 155 318 148 313 142 295 140 298 153 288 149 282 142 277 161 295 158 [[an Laitvia]] poly 288 180 295 184 301 184 309 178 307 170 312 168 308 162 294 157 279 161 279 174 289 174 [[an Liotuáin]] poly 300 198 294 182 290 180 270 183 265 184 264 179 250 182 248 186 238 190 238 197 234 199 239 203 241 223 249 225 251 229 255 226 261 230 265 232 268 235 270 237 273 235 276 240 281 237 283 237 289 236 296 242 297 239 297 234 301 223 305 222 304 217 301 214 296 201 [[an Pholainn]] poly 254 250 257 245 261 244 269 236 272 235 276 240 279 238 289 235 297 243 274 250 269 253 269 257 259 254 [[an tSlóvaic]] poly 299 251 291 245 270 252 269 257 258 252 249 268 254 271 260 279 268 278 275 274 290 272 294 258 [[an Ungáir]] poly 355 291 354 280 361 274 355 269 349 272 346 270 343 259 332 248 330 243 328 242 324 247 314 250 312 248 301 250 294 255 292 265 288 271 282 274 288 281 293 284 293 288 296 290 302 287 301 291 308 294 308 297 317 297 322 297 329 295 339 287 347 288 [[an Rómáin]] poly 309 327 312 322 309 318 305 316 305 310 308 305 302 298 304 294 309 295 310 298 328 297 340 287 354 291 350 297 352 301 348 304 355 309 348 314 347 311 340 316 339 317 339 321 329 324 323 321 316 325 [[an Bhulgáir]] poly 308 383 305 376 306 374 293 368 294 359 289 351 289 344 294 339 295 333 301 332 304 328 310 326 317 326 322 322 329 325 340 321 340 316 342 319 340 328 328 329 320 331 325 335 339 340 336 342 348 344 350 348 347 358 344 353 348 352 349 348 343 347 345 344 334 341 335 338 328 335 317 341 313 337 311 342 320 350 332 359 339 365 358 359 340 377 331 380 335 376 337 378 342 373 340 370 345 372 353 362 337 366 328 363 327 367 320 367 326 372 319 374 320 382 334 393 355 393 372 372 372 378 368 383 368 377 364 384 365 390 361 387 355 396 340 400 339 395 329 397 329 393 332 392 320 380 314 384 311 378 [[an Ghréig]] poly 419 384 415 381 421 378 421 373 428 371 435 365 430 374 434 376 424 383 [[an Chipir]] poly 236 248 224 238 221 231 225 227 236 221 240 220 249 225 254 226 260 231 266 230 267 236 261 243 249 245 244 243 [[an tSeicia]] poly 198 263 201 257 204 260 207 258 213 260 224 255 233 248 238 248 241 244 245 244 248 246 255 246 253 250 256 254 250 265 249 268 238 272 229 271 220 268 218 263 210 264 208 266 [[an Ostair]] poly 249 267 253 273 242 279 244 284 236 282 230 281 227 277 229 271 238 272 [[an tSlóivéin]] poly 179 298 180 293 174 292 176 287 173 283 178 282 178 278 176 275 181 274 185 273 189 269 189 273 195 273 197 269 199 272 204 269 207 267 210 265 218 263 220 269 230 271 226 281 219 283 222 289 219 290 220 297 231 304 236 319 247 323 253 325 250 327 274 341 273 349 269 341 260 341 257 348 262 355 261 358 257 360 257 364 251 371 248 369 244 377 244 378 244 386 237 386 237 383 230 381 222 375 219 376 219 370 226 368 238 370 245 367 250 365 253 358 248 346 246 347 241 342 241 341 237 340 234 336 230 332 224 331 184 357 181 355 183 343 182 333 185 333 190 329 193 330 196 339 194 340 193 352 224 331 211 317 209 317 203 309 204 308 202 298 190 292 184 297 [[an Iodáil]] rect 224 394 251 405 [[Málta]] poly 14 333 21 334 24 337 27 339 29 333 36 329 33 325 40 319 39 311 43 312 49 298 57 295 54 292 55 289 43 284 42 281 39 280 36 291 36 292 19 313 24 314 20 317 23 318 19 324 19 327 [[an Phortaingéil]] poly 41 358 38 355 35 355 37 345 32 338 28 338 29 333 37 329 33 326 39 319 39 311 42 312 49 300 56 295 55 292 54 290 43 283 39 280 42 270 39 269 45 266 50 268 51 264 58 266 69 274 71 272 80 279 89 280 95 283 99 287 102 287 114 299 119 301 120 298 124 301 124 304 127 305 135 308 140 309 140 314 145 339 140 337 133 343 126 339 116 349 113 342 120 345 128 337 132 335 136 338 143 335 139 312 136 316 131 317 128 317 114 320 116 322 104 331 100 338 106 345 98 346 92 353 92 356 85 354 76 361 73 357 71 361 66 357 53 354 53 357 46 355 [[an Spáinn]] poly 100 286 111 297 118 300 119 298 126 302 128 302 128 305 139 307 140 301 144 298 152 296 155 300 157 298 165 304 169 305 189 328 195 318 195 306 192 312 188 311 187 327 170 305 178 298 180 294 173 292 176 288 174 284 179 281 176 276 179 272 175 266 170 267 175 262 180 258 178 255 182 256 186 244 190 240 178 234 173 232 169 227 169 225 165 225 162 220 157 216 155 212 151 212 147 218 142 222 137 221 137 224 133 223 125 220 121 218 124 225 121 230 113 227 111 223 107 224 101 223 97 223 97 232 109 241 111 251 115 258 107 284 [[an Fhrainc]] poly 202 178 209 178 211 181 218 182 216 185 218 187 231 181 235 184 231 187 238 189 238 197 235 201 238 203 240 222 236 220 234 224 223 228 221 230 224 238 232 247 224 255 217 258 211 259 207 257 203 261 199 256 189 255 183 256 185 244 190 241 181 235 178 224 181 214 180 207 185 201 190 195 192 187 197 187 199 189 202 186 [[an Ghearmáin]] poly 177 225 174 229 172 235 180 237 180 229 [[an Lucsamburg]] poly 155 210 157 220 166 225 175 232 173 226 178 225 177 215 171 210 164 212 160 209 [[an Bheilg]] poly 191 188 178 189 162 209 167 209 171 207 170 210 179 215 180 207 188 204 184 200 188 198 [[an Ísiltír]] poly 201 177 209 177 222 181 228 176 227 159 219 170 221 177 216 175 214 163 218 158 215 143 202 157 [[an Danmhairg]] poly 102 181 92 179 82 181 79 179 75 173 78 168 89 162 84 159 89 151 98 154 100 153 97 150 104 146 109 147 100 156 108 166 106 174 103 177 [[Éire]] desc bottom-left </imagemap> == Bosca sonraí == Daonra:<ref name=daonra /> * Is lú: [[Málta]], 542,051 * Is mó: [[an Ghearmáin]], 84,358,845 Achar:<ref name=achar /> * Is lú: [[Málta]], 316 km2² * Is mó: [[an Fhrainc]], 638,475 km2² Rialtais: * [[Daonlathas ionadaíoch]] [[Córas Parlaiminteach | parlaiminteach]] (21) * Daonlathas ionadaíoch [[Córas leath-uachtaránachta | leath-uachtaránachta]] (5) * Daonlathas ionadaíoch [[Córas uachtaránachta | uachtaránachta]] (1) == Réamhrá == Is aontas polaitiúil agus eacnamaíoch an t[[Aontas Eorpach]] (AE). Tá seacht mball is fiche (27) den aontas san le atá inniu ann, atá ina bpáirtí i [[Conartha an Aontais Eorpaigh|gconartha bunaidh]] an AE, agus dá bharr faoi ghéillsine ag pribhléidí agus dualgais de bhallraíocht. Faoi réir na gconartha, aontaíonn na rialtais a gcuid ceannais a roinnt trí [[institiúidí an Aontais Eorpaigh]]. Chun roinnt polasaí a ghlacadh, caithfear comhaontú d'aon ghuth a bheith ann sa [[Comhairle an Aontais Eorpaigh|Chomhairle]]. Do pholasaíthe eile, déantar cinntí le [[vótáil tromlaigh cháilithe]]. De bharr na comhroinnte agus na ndualgas [[aontas fornáisiúnta|fornáisiúnta]]) úd, is aontas ar leith é i measc eagraíochtaí idirnáisiúnta. Tá ord dlí bunaithe aige atá idir [[Príomhacht dlí an Aontais Eorpaigh|ina cheangal dlí]] ar gach ballstát (i ndiaidh [[Costa v ENEL|rialaithe cinniúnaigh]] den [[an Chúirt Bhreithiúnais Eorpach|CBE]] sa bhliain 1964). Is bunphrionsabal an aontais ná [[Prionsabal na coimhdeachta]], 'sé sin, ní thugtar cinntí le le chéile más féidir iad a thógáil ar bhonn indibhidiúil. Ceapann gach ballstát [[coimisinéir Eorpach|coimisinéir]] ar an [[An Coimisiún Eorpach|gCoimisiún Eorpach]]. Ní dhéanann siad ionadaíocht dá stáit féin, ach oibríonn siad ar son an AE go léir. Bunaíodh réamhtheachtaithe an AE na, [[Comhphobail Eorpacha]] (CE), sna 1950í ag na sé croí-stát ([[an Bheilg]], [[an Fhrainc]], [[an Iodáil]], [[Lucsamburg]], [[an Ísiltír]] agus [[an Ghearmáin Thiar]]). Tháinig tíortha aontacha eile le [[Méadú an Aontais Eorpaigh|méaduithe]] ina dhiaidh sin. Chun aontú, caithfidh atá á glacadh le ceanglais eacnamaíocha agus polaitiúla aitheanta mar {{h|critéir Chóbanhávan}}, 'sé sin, rialtas daonlathach, [[geilleagar saoriomaíochta]] agus meas ar {{h|forlámhas an dlí}}. Caithfidh fosta gach ballstát a thoiliú a thabhairt, agus caithfidh an t-iarrthóir corpas dlí an AE, aitheanta mar ''[[acquis communautaire]]'', a ghlacadh. Tháinig [[an Ríocht Aontaithe]] isteach san CE sa bhliain 1973, ach tharraing sí amach ar an 31ú Eanáir 2020 ag deireadh [[Brexit]]. Níor tharraing aon stát eile amach, [[#Tarraingt amach|ach amháin]] roinnt spleáchríoch nó ceantar leath-féinrialaitheach. == Ballstáit == Seo a leanas liosta de bhallstáit den AE, cruthaithe le sonraí ó Wikidata. {{Wikidata list | SPARQL = SELECT ?item ?itemLabel ?amTosaigh ?amDeiridh ?oti ?otiDáta { ?item wdt:P463 wd:Q458; # cuid de AE wdt:P31 wd:Q6256; # sample de tír p:P463 ?ballRts. ?ballRts ps:P463 wd:Q458. OPTIONAL { ?ballRts pq:P580 ?amTosaigh } OPTIONAL { ?ballRts pq:P582 ?amDeiridh } # fo-iarratas le haghaidh OTI leis an dáta is déanaí is déanaí { SELECT ?item (MAX(?dáta) AS ?uasDáta) WHERE { ?item p:P2131 ?otiRts. ?otiRts pq:P585 ?dáta. } GROUP BY ?item } # OTI le dáta is déanaí ?item p:P2131 ?otiRts. ?otiRts ps:P2131 ?oti; pq:P585 ?otiDáta. FILTER(?otiDáta = ?uasDáta) # label service SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language "ga, en". } } ORDER BY DESC(?itemLabel) | columns = number:#, item:Qid, P297:Cód, label:Tír, ?amTosaigh:Am tosaigh, ?amDeiridh:Am deiridh, P1082:Daonra, P2046:Achar, P38:Airgeadra, ?oti:OTI, ?otiDáta:Dáta OTI, P1081:IFD, P37:Teanga }} {| class='wikitable sortable' ! # ! Qid ! Cód ! Tír ! Am tosaigh ! Am deiridh ! Daonra ! Achar ! Airgeadra ! OTI ! Dáta OTI ! IFD ! Teanga |- | style='text-align:right'| 1 | [[:d:Q27|Q27]] | [https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:code:3166:IE IE] | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éire]] | 1973-01-01 | | 5149139 | 69797 ciliméadar cearnach | [[Euro]] | 529244870223 | 2022-01-01 | 0.945 | [[an Ghaeilge]]<br/>[[An Béarla|Béarla]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2 | [[:d:Q55|Q55]] | | [[an Ísiltír]] | 1957-03-25 | | 17942942 | 37378 ciliméadar cearnach | [[Euro]] | 991114635529 | 2022-01-01 | 0.931 | [[an Ollainnis]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 3 | [[:d:Q34|Q34]] | [https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:code:3166:SE SE] | [[an tSualainn]] | 1995-01-01 | | 10609460 | 447425.16 ciliméadar cearnach | ''[[:d:Q122922|krona na Sualainne]]'' | 585939170124 | 2022-01-01 | 0.947 | [[an tSualainnis]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 4 | [[:d:Q214|Q214]] | [https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:code:3166:SK SK] | [[an tSlóvaic]] | 2004-05-01 | | 5409407 | 49033.720839 ciliméadar cearnach | [[Euro]] | 115468803972 | 2022-01-01 | 0.848 | [[an tSlóvaicis]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 5 | [[:d:Q215|Q215]] | [https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:code:3166:SI SI] | [[an tSlóivéin]] | 2004-05-01 | | 2066880 | 20271 ciliméadar cearnach | [[Euro]] | 62117768015 | 2022-01-01 | 0.918 | [[an tSlóivéinis]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 6 | [[:d:Q213|Q213]] | [https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:code:3166:CZ CZ] | [[An tSeic|an tSeicia]] | 2004-05-01 | | 10909500 | 78871 ciliméadar cearnach | ''[[:d:Q131016|koruna na Seice]]'' | 250681000000 | 2019-01-01 | 0.889 | [[an tSeicis]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 7 | [[:d:Q28|Q28]] | [https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:code:3166:HU HU] | [[an Ungáir]] | 2004-05-01 | | 9603634 | 93011.4 ciliméadar cearnach | ''[[:d:Q47190|forint na hUngáire]]'' | 181848022230 | 2021-01-01 | 0.846 | [[an Ungáiris]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 8 | [[:d:Q29|Q29]] | [https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:code:3166:ES ES] | [[an Spáinn]] | 1986-01-01 | | 48592909 | 505990 ciliméadar cearnach | [[Euro]] | 1397509272054 | 2022-01-01 | 0.905 | [[an Spáinnis]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 9 | [[:d:Q218|Q218]] | [https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:code:3166:RO RO] | [[an Rómáin]] | 2007-01-01 | | 19053815 | 238397 ciliméadar cearnach | ''[[:d:Q131645|leu na Rómáine]]'' | 301261582924 | 2022-01-01 | 0.821 | [[an Rómáinis]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 10 | [[:d:Q145|Q145]] | [https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:code:3166:GB GB] | [[Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Thuaisceart Éireann|an Ríocht Aontaithe]] | 1973-01-01 | 2020-01-31 | 67326569 | 242495 ciliméadar cearnach | [[punt steirling]] | 3070667732359 | 2022-01-01 | 0.929 | [[An Béarla|Béarla]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 11 | [[:d:Q45|Q45]] | [https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:code:3166:PT PT] | [[an Phortaingéil]] | 1986-01-01 | | 10347892 | 92225 ciliméadar cearnach | [[Euro]] | 251945377529 | 2022-01-01 | 0.866 | [[an Phortaingéilis]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 12 | [[:d:Q36|Q36]] | [https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:code:3166:PL PL] | [[an Pholainn]] | 2004-05-01 | | 37563071 | 312683 ciliméadar cearnach | ''[[:d:Q123213|złoty]]'' | 688176605955 | 2022-01-01 | 0.876 | [[an Pholainnis]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 13 | [[:d:Q40|Q40]] | [https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:code:3166:AT AT] | [[an Ostair]] | 1995-01-01 | | 8979894 | 83878.99 ciliméadar cearnach | [[Euro]] | 511685203845 | 2023-01-01 | 0.916 | [[an Ghearmáinis]]<br/>''[[:d:Q36668|teanga chomharthaíochta na hOstaire]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 14 | [[:d:Q37|Q37]] | [https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:code:3166:LT LT] | [[an Liotuáin]] | 2004-05-01 | | 2860002 | 65300 ciliméadar cearnach | [[Euro]] | 70334299008 | 2022-01-01 | 0.875 | [[an Liotuáinis]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 15 | [[:d:Q211|Q211]] | [https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:code:3166:LV LV] | [[an Laitvia]] | 2004-05-01 | | 1856932 | 64593.77 ciliméadar cearnach<br/>61760.39 ciliméadar cearnach | [[Euro]] | 41153912663 | 2022-01-01 | 0.863 | [[an Laitvis]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 16 | [[:d:Q38|Q38]] | [https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:code:3166:IT IT] | [[an Iodáil]] | 1957-03-25 | | 58850717 | 302068 ciliméadar cearnach | [[Euro]] | 2010431598465 | 2022-01-01 | 0.895 | [[an Iodáilis]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 17 | [[:d:Q41|Q41]] | [https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:code:3166:GR GR] | [[an Ghréig]] | 1981-01-01 | | 10482487 | 131957 ciliméadar cearnach | [[Euro]] | 219065872466 | 2022-01-01 | 0.887 | [[an Ghréigis]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 18 | [[:d:Q183|Q183]] | [https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:code:3166:DE DE] | [[an Ghearmáin]] | 1958-01-01 | | 83577140 | 357587.77 ciliméadar cearnach | [[Euro]] | 4121200000000 | 2023-01-01 | 0.942 | [[an Ghearmáinis]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 19 | [[:d:Q142|Q142]] | [https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:code:3166:FR FR] | [[an Fhrainc]] | 1957-03-25 | | 68605616 | 643801 ciliméadar cearnach | [[Euro]]<br/>''[[:d:Q214393|franc CFP]]'' | 2782905325625 | 2022-01-01 | 0.903 | [[an Fhraincis]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 20 | [[:d:Q33|Q33]] | [https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:code:3166:FI FI] | [[an Fhionlainn]] | 1995-01-01 | | 5652881 | 338478.34 ciliméadar cearnach | [[Euro]] | 280825957768 | 2022-01-01 | 0.94 | [[an Fhionlainnis]]<br/>[[an tSualainnis]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 21 | [[:d:Q191|Q191]] | [https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:code:3166:EE EE] | [[an Eastóin]] | 2004-05-01 | | 1369995 | 45335 ciliméadar cearnach | [[Euro]] | 38100812959 | 2022-01-01 | 0.89 | [[an Eastóinis]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 22 | [[:d:Q35|Q35]] | [https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:code:3166:DK DK] | [[an Danmhairg]] | 1973-01-01 | | 5822863 | 42925.46 ciliméadar cearnach | ''[[:d:Q25417|krone na Danmhairge]]'' | 395403906582 | 2022-01-01 | 0.929 | [[an Danmhairgis]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 23 | [[:d:Q224|Q224]] | [https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:code:3166:HR HR] | [[an Chróit]] | 2013-07-01 | | 3871833 | 56594 ciliméadar cearnach | [[Euro]] | 70964606465 | 2022-01-01 | 0.858 | [[an Chróitis]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 24 | [[:d:Q229|Q229]] | [https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:code:3166:CY CY] | [[an Chipir]] | 2004-05-01 | | 1344976 | 9242.45 ciliméadar cearnach | [[Euro]] | 28439052741 | 2022-01-01 | 0.896 | ''[[:d:Q36510|an Nua-Ghréigis]]''<br/>[[an Tuircis]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 25 | [[:d:Q219|Q219]] | [https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:code:3166:BG BG] | [[an Bhulgáir]] | 2007-01-01 | | 6423207 | 110993.6 ciliméadar cearnach | [[Euro]] | 102407653020 | 2023-01-01 | 0.799 | [[an Bhulgáiris]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 26 | [[:d:Q31|Q31]] | [https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:code:3166:BE BE] | [[an Bheilg]] | 1957-03-25 | | 11825551 | 30688 ciliméadar cearnach | [[Euro]] | 644782756682 | 2023-01-01 | 0.937 | [[an Ollainnis]]<br/>[[an Fhraincis]]<br/>[[an Ghearmáinis]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 27 | [[:d:Q233|Q233]] | [https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:code:3166:MT MT] | [[Málta]] | 2004-05-01 | | 553214 | 316 ciliméadar cearnach | [[Euro]] | 17765270015 | 2022-01-01 | 0.918 | [[an Mháltais]]<br/>[[An Béarla|Béarla]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 28 | [[:d:Q32|Q32]] | [https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:code:3166:LU LU] | [[Lucsamburg]] | 1957-03-25 | | 681973 | 2586.36 ciliméadar cearnach | [[Euro]] | 82274812251 | 2022-01-01 | 0.93 | [[an Lucsambuirgis]]<br/>[[an Fhraincis]]<br/>[[an Ghearmáinis]] |} {{Wikidata list end}} == Tagairtí == {{reflist | refs = <ref name=daonra>{{lua idirlín | url = https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/DEMO_GIND__custom_7127262/default/table | teideal=Population change - Demographic balance and crude rates at national level | foilsitheoir = [[Eurostat]] | dátarochtana = 21ú Meitheamh 2024}}</ref> <ref name=achar>{{lua idirlín | url = https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/reg_area3__custom_11352231/bookmark/table?lang=en&bookmarkId=fabcfca6-4abb-4a84-ac1c-7bb335af436a | teideal = Area by NUTS 3 region | foilsitheoir = [[Eurostat]] | dátarochtana = 21ú Meitheamh 2024}}</ref> }} il2in5wub487i030g4jlgccut6vgifs 0 121190 1318131 1318061 2026-06-20T22:08:21Z TGcoa 21229 1318131 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Teideal iodálach}} {{WD Bosca Sonraí Leabhar |nom=An Focloir Bearla Gaoidheilge |subtitol=ar na chur a neagar le [[Conchubhar Ó Beaglaoich|Conchobhar O Beaglaoich]] mar aon le congnamh [[Aodh Buí Mac Cruitín|Aodh Bhuidhe mac Cuirtin]] agus fós i b[[Páras|Pairis]] 1732 }} Is é '''''An Focloir Bearla Gaoidheilge''''' an chéad fhoclóir [[An Béarla|Béarla]]–[[An Ghaeilge|Gaeilge]] dar cuireadh i gcló riamh.''<ref group="nóta">Féach áfach ''[[Foclóir nó Sanasán Nua]]'' (1643), ''[[Foclóir Lainne agus Gaoidheilge]]'' an [[Risteard Pluincéad|Phluincéidigh]] (1662, lámhscríbhinn), ''Nua-fhoclóir bog chruaidheach'' an [[Proinsias Bhailis|Bhailisigh]] (1706, lámhscríbhinn), ''Archæologia Britannica'' an [[Edward Lhuyd|Laoidigh]] (1707), agus gluais [[An Bhriotáinis|Briotáinis]]–Gaeilge–[[An Laidin|Laidin]] in ''The History of the Druids'' (1726) leis an d[[John Toland|Tuathalánach]].</ref>'' I b[[Páras]] na [[An Fhrainc|Fraince]] a foilsíodh The English Irish Dictionary. sa bhliain 1732, arna chur in eagar ag [[Conchubhar Ó Beaglaoich|Conchobhar Ó Beaglaoich]] le cúnamh [[Aodh Bhuí Mhic Cruitín|Aoidh Bhuí Mhic Cruitín]]. Foclóir Uí Bheaglaoich a thugtar air seo coitianta.<ref name=":1">[[Alan Harrison|Harrison]] (1986), lgh 67–69.</ref><ref name=":0">{{Lua idirlín|url=https://tuairisc.ie/coip-lamhscriofa-de-foras-feasa-ar-eirinn-diolta-ar-e35000/|teideal=Cóip lámhscríofa de Foras Feasa ar Éirinn díolta ar €35,000|dáta=2025-10-01|work=[[Tuairisc.ie]]|dátarochtana=2025-10-01}}</ref> Bhí cóip de ghraiméar Mhic Chruitín san áireamh sa leabhar. Ní léir cén chúnamh eile a thug Mac Cruitín don Bheaglaoich ach tá roinnt lámhscríbhinní ann mar a thugtar foclóir Mhic Cruitín air.<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://tuairisc.ie/dialann-tuairisc-focloir-ui-bheaglaoich-fillte-ar-pharas-an-la-is-faide-sa-mbliain-anseo-cheana-fein/|teideal=DIALANN TUAIRISC: Foclóir Uí Bheaglaoich fillte ar Pháras {{!}} An lá is faide sa mbliain anseo cheana féin|údar=Bridget Bhreathnach|dáta=18 Meitheamh 2026|language=ga-IE|work=Tuairisc.ie|dátarochtana=2026-06-18}}</ref><ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://archives-en.centreculturelirlandais.com/online-exhibitions/paras-agus-an-chead-fhocloir-bearla-gaeilge-riamh|teideal=Páras agus an chéad fhoclóir Béarla-Gaeilge riamh|work=archives-en.centreculturelirlandais.com|dátarochtana=2026-06-20}}</ref> Bhí sé beartaithe foclóir Gaeilge-Béarla a fhoilsiú freisin ach níor tháinig sé sin ar an saol.<ref name=":1" /> [[Íomhá:The_English_Irish_dictionary_Fleuron_T153989-5.png|clé|mion|220x220px|Fleuron an fhoclóra, agus é scríofa: ''"An focloir bearla Gaoidheilge. Ar na chur a neagar le Conchobar o Beaglaoich mar don le congnamh Aodh bhridhe mac Cuirtin agus fós."'']] [[Íomhá:The_English_Irish_dictionary_Fleuron_T153989-3.png|clé|mion|220x220px|Fleuron eile]] === An réamhrá === Maítear sa réamhrá go rabhthas ag leanúint eiseamláir Boyer agus Bailey i bhfoclóir Uí Bheaglaoich agus Mhic Cruitín, .i. Abel Boyer a bhí foclóirí mar ''Dictionaire Royal, François-Anglois et Anglois-François'' curtha le chéile aige, agus Nathan Bailey, údar ''An Universal Etymological Dictionary''.<ref name=":1" /> I réamhrá d’Fhoclóir Uí Bheaglaoich, d’impigh an t-údar ar mhuintir na hÉireann an teanga a chaomhnú. Cháin sé an drochmheas a bhí ag réimeas Shasana ar an nGaeilge agus mhaígh sé, in ainneoin na gcéadta bliain de mheath, go raibh an Ghaeilge chomh hálainn agus chomh ceolmhar is a bhí le fáil. Maidir le saibhreas agus áilleacht na Gaeilge, mhol sé athbheochan.<ref>‘[T]he Irish Gentry have therefore Opportunities enough, still left, for recovering and preserving their Mother-Language, and consequently, are without the least colour of excuse if they shamefully continue to neglect it.’</ref><ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://tuairisc.ie/dialann-tuairisc-focloir-ui-bheaglaoich-fillte-ar-pharas-an-la-is-faide-sa-mbliain-anseo-cheana-fein/|teideal=DIALANN TUAIRISC: Foclóir Uí Bheaglaoich fillte ar Pháras {{!}} An lá is faide sa mbliain anseo cheana féin|údar=Bridget Bhreathnach|dáta=18 Meitheamh 2026|language=ga-IE|work=Tuairisc.ie|dátarochtana=2026-06-19}}</ref> Bhí súil aige go gcabhródh a fhoclóir leis an teanga a athbheochan agus lena stádas a neartú i measc mhuintir na hÉireann féin. === Ar athlámh === Díoladh ar an 1 Deireadh Fómhair 2025 cóip de ‘Fhoclóir Uí Bheaglaoich’. Bhíothas ag súil le €700 ar Fhoclóir Uí Bheaglaoich ag an gceant ach díoladh sa deireadh é ar €1,800.<ref name=":0" /> == Féach freisin == * [[Conchubhar Ó Beaglaoich]] * [[Foclóireacht na Gaeilge]] * [[Coláiste na nÉireannach i bPáras]] == Foinsí == * [[Alan Harrison|Harrison, Alan]] (1986). "Nótaí faoi Ghraiméir agus Foclóirí [[An Ghaeilge|Scuitbhéarla]] i mBaile Átha Cliath 1700–1740". I [[Seosamh Watson|Watson, Seosamh]] (eag.) ''Féilscríbhinn [[Tomás de Bhaldraithe|Thomáis de Bhaldraithe]]''. BÁC: Coiste Fhéilscríbhinn Thomáis de Bhaldraithe, [[An Coláiste Ollscoile, Baile Átha Cliath|COBÁC]]. lgh 48–69. == Tagairtí == {{reflist}} ====Nótaí==== {{reflist|group=nóta}} {{Foclóirí na Gaeilge|state=collapsed}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Focloir Ui Bheaglaoich}} [[Catagóir:Foclóirí Béarla]] [[Catagóir:Foclóirí Gaeilge]] [[Catagóir:Stair na Gaeilge]] [[Catagóir:1732]] [[Catagóir:Leabhair a foilsíodh in 1732]] [[Catagóir:Leabhair a foilsíodh sna 1730idí]] [[Catagóir:Coláiste na nGael, Páras]] 7oar9bctfkglrdy78vngvudvcqmktkw 14 122508 1318143 1293963 2026-06-20T23:08:42Z TGcoa 21229 1318143 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Catagóir:Daoine cispheile]] [[Catagóir:Imreoirí spóirt de réir spóirt|Cispheil]] [[Catagóir:Cispheil]] sqgvt0gajv619v0yvkt4p8ldncri0yc 0 122618 1318158 1295171 2026-06-21T07:17:34Z InternetArchiveBot 47196 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1318158 wikitext text/x-wiki {{WD Bosca Sonraí Eagraíochta}} [[Íomhá:County Galway - Carna Quay - 20180907135731.jpg|mion|220x220px|Cé Charna<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.buildingsofireland.ie/buildings-search/building/30407706/ce-charna-carna-quay-carna-co-galway|teideal=Cé Charna|údar=buildingsofireland.ie/|dátarochtana=2025}}</ref>]] Lonnaithe i g[[Carna]], Co. na Gaillimhe, tá sé mar mhisean ag '''Nua Mara''' borradh a chur faoin n[[geilleagar gorm]] trí chomhoibriú idir tionscal, taighde agus pobal. Tá sé mar aidhm aige go háirithe droichead níos láidre a thógáil idir saol an taighde acadúil agus saol an ghnó mara in Éirinn.<ref name=":0">{{Lua idirlín|url=https://xn--anpipar-jwa8e.ie/2026/01/tionscadal-meaitseala-nua-mara-chun-nualaiocht-san-earnail-mara-a-luasghearu/|teideal=Tionscadal meaitseála nua mara chun nuálaíocht san earnáil mara a luasghéarú|údar=Eagarthóir|dáta=2026-01-23|language=ga-IE|work=An Páipéar|dátarochtana=2026-01-25}}</ref><ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://nuamara.com/about-us-main/|teideal=About Us – Nua Mara|language=en-US|dátarochtana=2026-01-25|archivedate=2026-02-10|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20260210160333/https://nuamara.com/about-us-main/}}</ref> Cuireann sé ar chumas pobal áitiúil leas a bhaint as teicneolaíochtaí nua agus nuálaíochtaí chun a ngnólachtaí féin a fhorbairt ar bhealach níos inbhuanaithe. Tá an clár dírithe ar phríomhréimsí mar uisceshaothrú, intleacht shaorga, innealtóireacht mhara, inbhuanaitheacht agus forbairt gnó.<ref name=":0" /> == Féach freisin == * [[:Catagóir:Údarás na Gaeltachta|Údarás na Gaeltachta]] * [[Geilleagar gorm]] == Tagairtí == {{reflist}} {{Síol-gnó}} {{Síol-ie}} [[Catagóir:Údarás na Gaeltachta]] [[Catagóir:Taighde]] [[Catagóir:Comhlachtaí Stáit in Éirinn]] [[Catagóir:Geilleagar gorm]] [[Catagóir:Carna]] 5azzrgtincoo5ofw5gralvimlopkt9j 0 124802 1318127 1317908 2026-06-20T20:02:54Z Conradder 34685 /* Grúpa A */ 1318127 wikitext text/x-wiki {{WD Bosca Sonraí Imeacht}} Reáchtáladh '''Corn FIFA an Domhain 2026''' sna Stáit Aontaithe, Ceanada agus Meicsiceo, ó 11 Meitheamh go 19 Iúil 2026, le cluichí i 11 chathair sna Stáit Aontaithe, trí chathair i Meicsiceo agus dhá chathair i gCeanada<ref name=":1">{{Lua idirlín|url=https://xn--anpipar-jwa8e.ie/2026/03/eiginnteacht-faoi-rannphairtiocht-na-hiaraine-i-gcorn-domhanda-2026-de-reir-mar-a-mheadaionn-teannas-idirnaisiunta/|teideal=Éiginnteacht faoi rannpháirtíocht na hIaráine i gCorn Domhanda 2026 de réir mar a mhéadaíonn teannas idirnáisiúnta|údar=Cóilín Duffy|dáta=2026-03-13|language=ga-IE|work=An Páipéar|dátarochtana=2026-03-28}}</ref>. Ba é seo an dara huair a raibh Corn an Domhain á reáchtáil ag níos mó ná tír amháin.<ref>Reáchtáladh comórtas 2002 sa tSeapáin agus sa Chóiré Theas.</ref> [[Íomhá:The White House FIFA Task Force, May 6, 2025.webm|clé|mion|220x220px|Físeán: 6 Bealtaine 2025 - Cuireadh tascfhórsa FIFA de chuid Trump ar bun, le [[J. D. Vance|JD Vance]] ]] [[Íomhá:President Trump Makes an Announcement, Aug. 22, 2025 (20250822).webm|clé|mion|220x220px|Físeán @ 21n40s : Thug Gianni Infantino (FIFA) an Corn do Donald Trump, 22 Lúnasa 2025]] [[Íomhá:2026-05-21 Mayor Mamdani Holds a Press Conference to Make a World Cup Announcement.webm|clé|mion|220x220px|Físeán: Méara Mamdani, Nua Eabharc, ag preasócáid, 2026-05-21 ]] [[Íomhá:Troy Parrott 2025.png|clé|mion|284x284px|[[Corn FIFA an Domhain 2026 - Grúpa Cáilithe F de chuid UEFA|Grúpa Cáilithe F de chuid UEFA]]: Fuair [[Troy Parrott]] cúig chúl in dhá chluiche]] [[Íomhá:24BBRW - 53535940590 (cropped1).jpg|clé|mion|321x321px|Is réiteoir [[Sacar|sacair]] [[An tSomáil|Somálach]] é [[Omar Artan]], curtha ó dhoras ag oifigigh inimirce Mheiriceá<ref name=":2">{{Lua idirlín|url=https://tuairisc.ie/tugann-an-sacar-le-cheile-sinn-ar-fad-ach-cead-a-fhail-o-trump-ar-dtus/|teideal=Tugann an sacar le chéile sinn ar fad, ach cead a fháil ó Trump ar dtús|údar=Pádraic Ó Ciardha|dáta=11 Meitheamh 2026|language=ga-IE|work=Tuairisc.ie|dátarochtana=2026-06-11}}</ref>]] == 2018 == I ndiaidh na conspóide a bhain leis na cinntí Corn an Domhain a bhronnadh ar an Rúis agus ar Chatar, den chéad uair tugadh le fios in 2018 go poiblí cén chaoi ar vótáil gach toscaire. Fógraíodh an cinneadh ar an 13 Meitheamh 2018 i Moscó.<ref name=":0">{{Lua idirlín|url=https://tuairisc.ie/corn-an-domhain-ag-filleadh-ar-mheiricea-thuaidh-in-2026/|teideal=Corn an Domhain ag filleadh ar Mheiriceá Thuaidh in 2026|údar=Pádraic Ó Ciardha|dáta=13 Meitheamh 2018|language=ga-IE|work=Tuairisc.ie|dátarochtana=2026-03-28}}</ref> Ní raibh ach [[Maracó]] a bhí san iomaíocht le Meiriceá, Ceanada agus Meicsiceo. Ba iad tíortha Mheiriceá Thuaidh rogha na n-údar roimh an vóta. Bhí 23 staid tógtha nó á dtógáil cheana féin acu (14 staid a bhí fós le tógáil nó le hathchóiriú i Maracó). Bhí bua ollmhór ag iarratas na dtíortha ó Mheiriceá Thuaidh nuair a comhaireadh na vótaí. Caitheadh níos mó ná a dhá oiread vótaí ar son iarratas Mheiriceá Thuaidh, 134 i gcoinne 65.<ref name=":0" /> == Gnó == Tháinig méadú ollmhór ar líon na bhfoirne a bhí san iomaíocht in 2026; ghlac 48 foireann páirt sa chomórtas.<ref name=":0" /> Meastar go ndéanfaidh an comórtas i Meiriceá Thuaidh brabús $11 billiún do FIFA (breis agus sé bhilliún dollar níos ná iarratas Mharacó in 2018, $5.7 billiún). Tháinig méadú ollmhór ar chostas na dticéad don chomórtas chun an brabús sin a dhéanamh. Bhí meánphraghas $431 (€367) ar thicéad (in 2025), ardú ollmhór ar chostas na dticéad ó Chorn an Domhain 2018 agus comórtas 2014. == Polaitíocht == Is féidir a rá nach mbaineann spórt le polaitíocht ach baineann polaitíocht le FIFA. Nuair a bronnadh Corn an Domhain 2026 ar Mheiriceá, bhí go leor daoine ann ag súil go bhféadfaí bogadh ar aghaidh ó mhíchlú [[Corn FIFA an Domhain 2018|comórtas 2018 sa Rúis]] agus [[Corn FIFA an Domhain 2022|2022 sa Chatar]]. Glacadh leis go mbeadh an lucht freastail bánaithe ach ar a laghad nach mbeadh aon chonspóid mhór ann. Ach bhí comórtas na bliana 2026 faoi scáth an Trumpaigh ó d’fhill sé ar an Teach Bán in 2025.<ref name=":2" /> Bhain Trump úsáid as an gcomórtas chun é féin a chur chun cinn, in 2018 nuair a roghnaíodh an Meiriceá Thuaidh, agus arís in 2025-2026. Thit scáth an teannais idirnáisiúnta ar ullmhúcháin Chorn Domhanda FIFA de réir mar a bhí amhras ag dul i méid faoi rannpháirtíocht na Rúise agus na hIaráine sa chomórtas, In 2022 bhí drogall ar FIFA aon chinneadh a ghlacadh, ach faoi dheireadh bhí orthu an Rúis a chur amach as Corn an Domhain.<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.independent.ie/seachtain/is-fearr-go-mall-na-go-brach-ag-ceannairi-fifa-i-dtaca-leis-an-ucrain/41408812.html|teideal=Is fearr go mall ná go brách ag ceannairí Fifa i dtaca leis an Úcráin|údar=Gráinne McElwain|dáta=2022-03-03|language=ga-IE|work=Irish Independent|dátarochtana=2026-03-28}}</ref> Fuair Donald Trump "Duais Síochána FIFA" ó [[Gianni Infantino]], ceannaire FIFA, ar an 22 Lúnasa 2025, rud a tharraing conspóid. Agus ag deireadh mhí Feabhra 2026 rinne Trump ionsaí ar an Iaráin le cabhair Iosrael. {{Príomhalt|Cogadh na Stát Aontaithe agus Iosrael in aghaidh na hIaráine}} Ba mhinic roimhe seo gur reáchtáladh Corn an Domhain i dtír a bhí faoi chumhacht deachtóra nó giunta éigin ach níor tharla sé riamh go ndearna tír óstach ionsaí ar thír eile a bhí le bheith ag imirt sa gcomórtas. Mar sin féin, níor smaoinigh FIFA ná Infantino riamh an comórtas a bhaint ó Mheiriceá. Bhí an Iaráin ar cheann de na tíortha sin a cháiligh don chomórtas trí Chónaidhm Shacair na hÁise a bhí le himirt i nGrúpa G i Los Angeles agus Seattle. Dúirt Aire Spóirt na hIaráine, Ahmad Donyamali, i mí Mhárta 2026 nach raibh an tír ag glacadh páirt sa Chorn, ag rá “Cuireadh dhá chogadh orainn laistigh d’ocht nó naoi mí, agus maraíodh na mílte dár muintir. Mar sin, níl aon fhéidearthacht ann go nglacfaidh muid páirt sa chomórtas". Dúirt Uachtarán FIFA, [[Gianni Infantino]] gur thug Trump, dearbhú dó go mbeidh "fáilte" roimh fhoireann na hIaráine páirt a ghlacadh sa chomórtas. Mar is gnáth dó, chuir Infantino béim ar ról an spóirt mar uirlis a thugann daoine le chéile. “Teastaíonn ócáid mar Chorn an Domhain níos mó ná riamh anois chun daoine a thabhairt le chéile,” a dúirt sé, ag cur leis an mana atá in úsáid ag FIFA le fada, go "n-aontaíonn an sacar an domhan".<ref name=":1" /> Gheall Infantino go mbeadh an Iaráin in ann teacht go Meiriceá chun páirt a ghlacadh sa gcomórtas in ainneoin go bhfuil cogadh ar bun idir an dá thír. Rinneadh neamhaird d’fhocail Infantino arís, áfach. Cé go raibh cead ag an bhfoireann na cluichí a bhí acu i Meiriceá a imirt, bhí orthu an campa traenála a athrú go Meicsiceo agus diúltaíodh víosaí a thabhairt do roinnt d’oifigigh na hIaráine. Bhí an tSeineagáil, an Úisbéiceastáin agus an Iaráic i measc na bhfoirne eile at rinne gearáin faoi chúrsaí inimirce agus slándála. Bhí [[Omar Artan]], réiteoir [[Sacar|sacair]] [[An tSomáil|Somálach]], curtha ó dhoras ag oifigigh inimirce Mheiriceá tar éis dó leaindeáil in Miami ar an 6 Meitheamh, rud a tharraing conspóid ollmhór.<ref name=":2" /> {{Príomhalt|Omar Abdulkadir Artan}} == Éire == Thosaigh na babhtaí cáilithe i Márta 2023 agus chríochnaigh siad i Márta 2026. Bhí [[Foireann sacair náisiúnta Phoblacht na hÉireann|Poblacht na hÉireann]], [[An Phortaingéil]], [[An Ungáir]], agus an [[An Airméin|Airméin]] sa [[Corn FIFA an Domhain 2026 - Grúpa Cáilithe F de chuid UEFA|ghrúpa]] [[Corn FIFA an Domhain 2026 - Grúpa Cáilithe F de chuid UEFA|Cáilithe F de chuid UEFA]]. Chríochnaigh An Phortaingéil ar bharr an ghrúpa, agus Poblacht na hÉireann sa dara háit. D'fhág bua na [[An tSeic|Seicia]] ar Éirinn ar an 25 Márta 2026 nach raibh foireann [[Heimir Hallgrímsson]] páirteach i gCorn an Domhain 2026. {{Príomhalt|Corn FIFA an Domhain 2026 - Grúpa Cáilithe F de chuid UEFA}} == Eagraíocht == Is é seo an comórtas is mó riamh i stair Chorn an Domhain agus 48 foireann le páirt a ghlacadh ann agus 104 cluiche le himirt. Bhí na foirne roinnte idir 12 grúpa agus ceithre fhoireann i ngach grúpa, rud a fhágann go gcaithfear 72 cluiche a imirt sula bhfágfar slán le haon dream, sin níos mó ná an 64 cluiche ar fad a imríodh ag Corn an Domhain in 2022. Agus formhór na bhfoirne a chríochnaíonn sa tríú háit sna grúpaí ag dul tríd go dtí an chéad bhabhta díbeartha, beidh sé beagnach chomh deacair céanna imeacht ón gcomórtas is atá sé fáil isteach ann. Imreoidh Cúrasó, an tír is lú a bhain áit amach ag Corn an Domhain riamh, a gcéad chluiche i gcoinne ceann d’fhathaigh an chomórtais, an Ghearmáin, Dé Domhnaigh. Imreoidh Háítí, ceann de na tíortha is boichte ar domhan, go moch an mhaidin chéanna in aghaidh na hAlban. Ar an Luan, imreoidh fear Chromghlinne, Roberto Lopes, do Rinn Verde in aghaidh na Spáinne. Tá ábhar iontais le fáil chomh maith in aistir Phanama, na hIaráice, Phoblacht Dhaonlathach an Chongó agus a thuilleadh nach iad.<ref name=":2" /> {| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align: center; font-size: 95%;" !An ball de FIFA !Cónaidhm !{{Leid uirlise|Babhtaí Cáilithe|Áit sa ghrúpa sa bhabhta cáilithe}} !{{Leid uirlise|Dáta a<br>cáilíodh|An dáta ar imríodh an cluiche a d'fhág go raibh cáiliú cinnte ó thaobh na matamaitice don fhoireann}} !{{Leid uirlise|Líon craobhacha<br>(2026 san áireamh)|An líon uaireanta a ghlac an tír páirt i gCorn an Domhain}} !{{Leid uirlise|Céad<br />rannph.|An chéad uair a raibh an tír rannpháirteach i gCorn an Domhain}} !{{Leid uirlise|Rannph.<br>dheir.|An uair dheireanach a raibh an tír rannpháirteach i gCorn an Domhain}} !{{Leid uirlise|Líon rannph.<br />as a chéile|Líon na n-uaireanta as a chéile a raibh an tír rannpháirteach i gCorn an Domhain}} !{{Leid uirlise|Craobacha<br />(roimh 2026)|Líon na n-uaireanta a bhfuil Corna an Domhain buaite acu}} !Toradh<br />is fearr |- | style="text-align: left;" | {{CAN sacar}} || [[CONCACAF]] || Óstach || 14/02/2023 || 3 || 1986 || 2022 || 1 || 0 || data-sort-value="7" | Babhta na nGrúpaí |- | style="text-align: left;" | {{MEX sacar}} || [[CONCACAF]] || Óstach || 14/02/2023 || 17 || 1930 || 2022 || 8 || 0 || data-sort-value="5" | Ceathrú ceannais |- | style="text-align: left;" | {{nowrap|{{USA sacar}}}} || [[CONCACAF]] || Óstach || 14/02/2023 || 11 || 1930 || 2022 || 1 || 0 || data-sort-value="3" | Tríú háit |- | style="text-align: left;" | {{PAN sacar}} || [[CONCACAF]] || [[Corn sacair an Domhain 2026 (babhtaí cáilithe CONCACAF)#Grúpa A 2|Céad áit i ngrúpa A]] || 18/11/2025 || 2 || 2018 || 2018 || 1 || 0 || data-sort-value="7" | Babhta na nGrúpaí |- | style="text-align: left;" | {{CUW sacar}} || [[CONCACAF]] || [[Corn sacair an Domhain 2026 (babhtaí cáilithe CONCACAF)#Grúpa B 2|Céad áit i ngrúpa B]] || 18/11/2025 || 1 || 2026 || n\bh || 1 || 0 || data-sort-value="8" | n\bh |- | style="text-align: left;" | {{HAI sacar}} || [[CONCACAF]] || [[Corn sacair an Domhain 2026 (babhtaí cáilithe CONCACAF)#Grúpa C 2|Céad áit i ngrúpa C]] || 18/11/2025 || 2 || 1974 || 1974 || 1 || 0 || data-sort-value="7" | Babhta na nGrúpaí |- | style="text-align: left;" | {{IRN sacar}} || [[Asian Football Confederation|AFC]] || [[Corn sacair an Domhain 2026 (babhtaí cáilithe AFC)#Grúpa A 2|Céad áit i ngrúpa A<br /><small>(an tríú babhta)</small>]] || 25/03/2025 || 6 || 1978 || 2022 || 4 || 0 || data-sort-value="7" | Babhta na nGrúpaí |- | style="text-align: left;" | {{UZB sacar}} || [[Asian Football Confederation|AFC]] || [[Corn sacair an Domhain 2026 (babhtaí cáilithe AFC)#Grúpa A 2|Dara háit i ngrúpa A<br /><small>(an tríú babhta)</small>]] || 05/06/2025 || 1 || 2026 || n\bh || 1 || 0 || data-sort-value="8" | n\bh |- | style="text-align: left;" | {{KOR sacar}} || [[Asian Football Confederation|AFC]] || [[Corn sacair an Domhain 2026 (babhtaí cáilithe AFC)#Grúpa B 2|Céad áit i ngrúpa B<br /><small>(an tríú babhta)</small>]] || 05/06/2025 || 6 || 1954 || 2022 || 12 || 0 || data-sort-value="4" | An cheathrú háit |- | style="text-align: left;" | {{JOR sacar}} || [[Asian Football Confederation|AFC]] || [[Corn sacair an Domhain 2026 (babhtaí cáilithe AFC)#Grúpa B 2|Dara háit i ngrúpa B<br /><small>(an tríú babhta)</small>]] || 05/06/2025 || 1 || 2026 || n\bh || 1 || 0 || data-sort-value="8" | n\bh |- | style="text-align: left;" | {{JPN sacar}} || [[Asian Football Confederation|AFC]] || [[Corn sacair an Domhain 2026 (babhtaí cáilithe AFC)#Grúpa C 2|Céad áit i ngrúpa C<br /><small>(an tríú babhta)</small>]] || 20/03/2025 || 8 || 1998 || 2022 || 8 || 0 || data-sort-value="6" | Ochtú ceannais |- | style="text-align: left;" | {{AUS sacar}} || [[Asian Football Confederation|AFC]] || [[Corn sacair an Domhain 2026 (babhtaí cáilithe AFC)#Grúpa C 2|Dara háit i ngrúpa C<br /><small>(an tríú babhta)</small>]] || 10/06/2025 || 7 || 1974 || 2022 || 6 || 0 || data-sort-value="6" | Ochtú ceannais |- | style="text-align: left;" | {{QAT sacar}} || [[Asian Football Confederation|AFC]] || [[Corn sacair an Domhain 2026 (babhtaí cáilithe AFC)#Grúpa A 3|{{nowrap|Buaiteoir Ghrúpa A}}<br /><small>(an ceathrú babhta)</small>]] || 14/10/2025 || 2 || 2022 || 2022 || 2 || 0 || data-sort-value="7" | Babhta na nGrúpaí |- | style="text-align: left;" | {{KSA sacar}} || [[Asian Football Confederation|AFC]] || [[Corn sacair an Domhain 2026 (babhtaí cáilithe AFC)#Grúpa B 3|{{nowrap|Buaiteoir Ghrúpa B}}<br /><small>(an ceathrú babhta)</small>]] || 14/10/2025 || 7 || 1994 || 2022 || 3 || 0 || data-sort-value="6" | Ochtú ceannais |- | style="text-align: left;" | {{EGY sacar}} || [[Confédération Africaine de Football|CAF]] || [[Corn Sacair an Domhain 2026 (babhtaí cáilithe CAF)#Grúpa A|Céad áit i ngrúpa A]] || 08/10/2025 || 4 || 1934 || 2018 || 1 || 0 || data-sort-value="7" | Babhta na nGrúpaí |- | style="text-align: left;" | {{SEN sacar}} || [[Confédération Africaine de Football|CAF]] || [[Corn Sacair an Domhain 2026 (babhtaí cáilithe CAF)#Grúpa B|Céad áit i ngrúpa B]] || 14/10/2025 || 3 || 2002 || 2022 || 3 || 0 || data-sort-value="5" | Ceathrú ceannais |- | style="text-align: left;" | {{RSA sacar}} || [[Confédération Africaine de Football|CAF]] || [[Corn Sacair an Domhain 2026 (babhtaí cáilithe CAF)#Grúpa C|Céad áit i ngrúpa C]] || 14/10/2025 || 4 || 1998 || 2010 || 1 || 0 || data-sort-value="7" | Babhta na nGrúpaí |- | style="text-align: left;" | {{CPV sacar}} || [[Confédération Africaine de Football|CAF]] || [[Corn Sacair an Domhain 2026 (babhtaí cáilithe CAF)#Grúpa D|Céad áit i ngrúpa D]] || 13/10/2025 || 1 || 2026 || n\bh || 1 || 0 || data-sort-value="8" | n\bh |- | style="text-align: left;" | {{MAR sacar}} || [[Confédération Africaine de Football|CAF]] || [[Corn Sacair an Domhain 2026 (babhtaí cáilithe CAF)#Grúpa E|Céad áit i ngrúpa E]] || 05/09/2025 || 7 || 1970 || 2022 || 3 || 0 || data-sort-value="4" | An cheathrú háit |- | style="text-align: left;" | {{CIV sacar}} || [[Confédération Africaine de Football|CAF]] || [[Corn Sacair an Domhain 2026 (babhtaí cáilithe CAF)#Grúpa F|Céad áit i ngrúpa F]] || 14/10/2025 || 4 || 2006 || 2014 || 1 || 0 || data-sort-value="7" | Babhta na nGrúpaí |- | style="text-align: left;" | {{ALG sacar}} || [[Confédération Africaine de Football|CAF]] || [[Corn Sacair an Domhain 2026 (babhtaí cáilithe CAF)#Grúpa G|Céad áit i ngrúpa G]] || 09/10/2025 || 5 || 1982 || 2014 || 1 || 0 || data-sort-value="6" | Ochtú ceannais |- | style="text-align: left;" | {{TUN sacar}} || [[Confédération Africaine de Football|CAF]] || [[Corn Sacair an Domhain 2026 (babhtaí cáilithe CAF)#Grúpa H|Céad áit i ngrúpa H]] || 08/09/2025 || 7 || 1978 || 2022 || 3 || 0 || data-sort-value="7" | Babhta na nGrúpaí |- | style="text-align: left;" | {{GHA sacar}} || [[Confédération Africaine de Football|CAF]] || [[Corn Sacair an Domhain 2026 (babhtaí cáilithe CAF)#Grúpa I|Céad áit i ngrúpa I]] || 12/10/2025 || 5 || 2006 || 2022 || 2 || 0 || data-sort-value="5" | Ceathrú ceannais |- | style="text-align: left;" | {{ARG sacar}} || [[CONMEBOL]] || [[Corn sacair an Domhain 2026 (babhtaí cáilithe CONMEBOL)#Tábla|1ú CONMEBOL]] || 25/03/2025 || 18 || 1930 || 2022 || 14 || 3 || data-sort-value="1" | Curadh domhanda |- | style="text-align: left;" | {{ECU sacar}} || [[CONMEBOL]] || [[Corn sacair an Domhain 2026 (babhtaí cáilithe CONMEBOL)#Tábla|2ú CONMEBOL]] || 10/06/2025 || 5 || 2002 || 2022 || 2 || 0 || data-sort-value="6" | Ochtú ceannais |- | style="text-align: left;" | {{COL sacar}} || [[CONMEBOL]] || [[Corn sacair an Domhain 2026 (babhtaí cáilithe CONMEBOL)#Tábla|3ú CONMEBOL]] || 04/09/2025 || 7 || 1962 || 2018 || 1 || 0 || data-sort-value="5" | Ceathrú ceannais |- | style="text-align: left;" | {{URU sacar}} || [[CONMEBOL]] || [[Corn sacair an Domhain 2026 (babhtaí cáilithe CONMEBOL)#Tábla|4ú CONMEBOL]] || 04/09/2025 || 15 || 1930 || 2022 || 5 || 2 || data-sort-value="1" | Curadh domhanda |- | style="text-align: left;" | {{BRA sacar}} || [[CONMEBOL]] || [[Corn sacair an Domhain 2026 (babhtaí cáilithe CONMEBOL)#Tábla|5ú CONMEBOL]] || 10/06/2025 || 23 || 1930 || 2022 || 23 || 5 || data-sort-value="1" | Curadh domhanda |- | style="text-align: left;" | {{PAR sacar}} || [[CONMEBOL]] || [[Corn sacair an Domhain 2026 (babhtaí cáilithe CONMEBOL)#Tábla|6ú CONMEBOL]] || 04/09/2025 || 9 || 1930 || 2010 || 1 || 0 || data-sort-value="5" | Ceathrú ceannais |- | style="text-align: left;" | {{NZL sacar}} || [[Oceania Football Confederation|OFC]] || Buaiteoir [[Corn sacair an Domhain 2026 (babhtaí cáilithe OFC)|an tríú babhta]] || 24/03/2025 || 3 || 1982 || 2010 || 1 || 0 || data-sort-value="7" | Babhta na nGrúpaí |- | style="text-align: left;" | {{GER sacar}} || [[UEFA]] || [[Corn sacair an Domhain 2026 (babhtaí cáilithe UEFA)#Grúpa A|Céad áit i ngrúpa A]] || 17/11/2025 || 21 || 1934 || 2022 || 17 || 4 || data-sort-value="1" | Curadh domhanda |- | style="text-align: left;" | {{SUI sacar}} || [[UEFA]] || [[Corn sacair an Domhain 2026 (babhtaí cáilithe UEFA)#Grúpa B|Céad áit i ngrúpa B]] || 18/11/2025 || 13 || 1934 || 2022 || 6 || 0 || data-sort-value="5" | Ceathrú ceannais |- | style="text-align: left;" | {{SCO sacar}} || [[UEFA]] || [[Corn sacair an Domhain 2026 (babhtaí cáilithe UEFA)#Grúpa C|Céad áit i ngrúpa C]] || 18/11/2025 || 9 || 1954 || 1998 || 1 || 0 || data-sort-value="7" | Babhta na nGrúpaí |- | style="text-align: left;" | {{FRA sacar}} || [[UEFA]] || [[Corn sacair an Domhain 2026 (babhtaí cáilithe UEFA)#Grúpa D|Céad áit i ngrúpa D]] || 13/11/2025 || 17 || 1930 || 2022 || 8 || 2 || data-sort-value="1" | Curadh domhanda |- | style="text-align: left;" | {{ESP sacar}} || [[UEFA]] || [[Corn sacair an Domhain 2026 (babhtaí cáilithe UEFA)#Grúpa E|Céad áit i ngrúpa E]] || 18/11/2025 || 17 || 1934 || 2022 || 13 || 1 || data-sort-value="1" | Curadh domhanda |- | style="text-align: left;" | {{POR sacar}} || [[UEFA]] || [[Corn sacair an Domhain 2026 (babhtaí cáilithe UEFA)#Grúpa F|Céad áit i ngrúpa F]] || 16/11/2025 || 9 || 1966 || 2022 || 7 || 0 || data-sort-value="3" | Tríú háit |- | style="text-align: left;" | {{NED sacar}} || [[UEFA]] || [[Corn sacair an Domhain 2026 (babhtaí cáilithe UEFA)#Grúpa G|Céad áit i ngrúpa G]] || 17/11/2025 || 12 || 1934 || 2022 || 2 || 0 || data-sort-value="2" | Dara háit |- | style="text-align: left;" | {{AUT sacar}} || [[UEFA]] || [[Corn sacair an Domhain 2026 (babhtaí cáilithe UEFA)#Grúpa H|Céad áit i ngrúpa H]] || 18/11/2025 || 8 || 1934 || 1998 || 1 || 0 || data-sort-value="3" | Tríú háit |- | style="text-align: left;" | {{NOR sacar}} || [[UEFA]] || [[Corn sacair an Domhain 2026 (babhtaí cáilithe UEFA)#Grúpa I|Céad áit i ngrúpa I]] || 16/11/2025 || 4 || 1938 || 1998 || 1 || 0 || data-sort-value="6" | Ochtú ceannais |- | style="text-align: left;" | {{BEL sacar}} || [[UEFA]] || [[Corn sacair an Domhain 2026 (babhtaí cáilithe UEFA)#Grúpa J|Céad áit i ngrúpa J]] || 18/11/2025 || 15 || 1930 || 2022 || 4 || 0 || data-sort-value="3" | Tríú háit |- | style="text-align: left;" | {{ENG sacar}} || [[UEFA]] || [[Corn sacair an Domhain 2026 (babhtaí cáilithe UEFA)#Grúpa K|Céad áit i ngrúpa K]] || 14/10/2025 || 17 || 1950 || 2022 || 8 || 1 || data-sort-value="1" | Curadh domhanda |- | style="text-align: left;" | {{CRO sacar}} || [[UEFA]] || [[Corn sacair an Domhain 2026 (babhtaí cáilithe UEFA)#Grúpa L|Céad áit i ngrúpa L]] || 14/11/2025 || 7 || 1998 || 2022 || 4 || 0 || data-sort-value="2" | Dara háit |- | style="text-align: left;" | {{nowrap|{{BIH sacar}}}} || [[UEFA]] || [[Corn sacair an Domhain 2026 (babhtaí cáilithe UEFA)#Bealach A|Buaiteoir cluiche díbeartha UEFA A]] || 31/03/2026 || 2 || 2014 || 2014 || 1 || 0 || data-sort-value="7" | Babhta na nGrúpaí |- | style="text-align: left;" | {{SWE sacar}} || [[UEFA]] || [[Corn sacair an Domhain 2026 (babhtaí cáilithe UEFA)#Bealach B|Buaiteoir cluiche díbeartha UEFA B]] || 31/03/2026 || 13 || 1934 || 2018 || 1 || 0 || data-sort-value="2" | Dara háit |- | style="text-align: left;" | {{TUR sacar}} || [[UEFA]] || [[Corn sacair an Domhain 2026 (babhtaí cáilithe UEFA)#Bealach C|Buaiteoir cluiche díbeartha UEFA C]] || 31/03/2026 || 3 || 1954 || 2002 || 1 || 0 || data-sort-value="3" | Tríú háit |- | style="text-align: left;" | {{CZE sacar}} || [[UEFA]] || [[Corn sacair an Domhain 2026 (babhtaí cáilithe UEFA)#Bealach D|Buaiteoir cluiche díbeartha UEFA D]] || 31/03/2026 || 2 || 2006 || 2006 || 1 || 0 || data-sort-value="7" | Babhta na nGrúpaí |- | style="text-align: left;" | {{COD sacar}} || [[Confédération Africaine de Football|CAF]] ||Buaiteoir ar [[Corn sacair an Domhain 2026 (craobh díbeartha idir ilchríocha|bhabhta díbeartha idir ilchríocha 1]] || 31/03/2026 || 2 || 1974 || 1974 || 1 || 0 || data-sort-value="7" | Babhta na nGrúpaí |- | style="text-align: left;" | {{IRQ sacar}} || [[Asian Football Confederation|AFC]] ||Buaiteoir ar [[Corn sacair an Domhain 2026 (craobh díbeartha idir ilchríocha|bhabhta díbeartha idir ilchríocha 2]] || 31/03/2026 || 2 || 1986 || 1986 || 1 || 0 || data-sort-value="7" | Babhta na nGrúpaí |} == An Phríomh-chomórtas == '''Dáileadh na ngrúpaí''' {| |- valign=top | {| class="wikitable" |- |+ {{nowrap|[[#Grúpa A|Grúpa A]]}} |- ! Áit ||width="150"| Foireann |- |align="center"| A1 || {{MEX sacar}} |- |align="center"| A2 || {{RSA sacar}} |- |align="center"| A3 || {{KOR sacar}} |- |align="center"| A4 || {{CZE sacar}} |} | {| class="wikitable" |- |+ {{nowrap|[[#Grúpa B|Grúpa B]]}} |- ! Áit ||width="150"| Foireann |- |align="center"| B1 || {{CAN sacar}} |- |align="center"| B2 || {{BIH (gearr) sacar}} |- |align="center"| B3 || {{QAT sacar}} |- |align="center"| B4 || {{SUI sacar}} |} | {| class="wikitable" |- |+ {{nowrap|[[#Grúpa C|Grúpa C]]}} |- ! Áit ||width="150"| Foireann |- |align="center"| C1 || {{BRA sacar}} |- |align="center"| C2 || {{MAR sacar}} |- |align="center"| C3 || {{HAI sacar}} |- |align="center"| C4 || {{SCO sacar}} |} | {| class="wikitable" |- |+ {{nowrap|[[#Grúpa D|Grúpa D]]}} |- ! Áit ||width="150"| Foireann |- |align="center"| D1 || {{USA sacar}} |- |align="center"| D2 || {{PAR sacar}} |- |align="center"| D3 || {{AUS sacar}} |- |align="center"| D4 || {{TUR sacar}} |} |- valign=top | {| class="wikitable" |- |+ {{nowrap|[[#Grúpa E|Grúpa E]]}} |- ! Áit ||width="150"| Foireann |- |align="center"| E1 || {{GER sacar}} |- |align="center"| E2 || {{CUW sacar}} |- |align="center"| E3 || {{CIV sacar}} |- |align="center"| E4 || {{ECU sacar}} |} | {| class="wikitable" |- |+ {{nowrap|[[#Grúpa F|Grúpa F]]}} |- ! Áit ||width="150"| Foireann |- |align="center"| F1 || {{NED sacar}} |- |align="center"| F2 || {{JPN sacar}} |- |align="center"| F3 || {{SWE sacar}} |- |align="center"| F4 || {{TUN sacar}} |} | {| class="wikitable" |- |+ {{nowrap|[[#Grúpa G|Grúpa G]]}} |- ! Áit ||width="150"| Foireann |- |align="center"| G1 || {{BEL sacar}} |- |align="center"| G2 || {{EGY sacar}} |- |align="center"| G3 || {{IRN sacar}} |- |align="center"| G4 || {{NZL sacar}} |} | {| class="wikitable" |- |+ {{nowrap|[[#Grúpa H|Grúpa H]]}} |- ! Áit ||width="150"| Foireann |- |align="center"| H1 || {{ESP sacar}} |- |align="center"| H2 || {{CPV sacar}} |- |align="center"| H3 || {{KSA sacar}} |- |align="center"| H4 || {{URU sacar}} |} |- valign=top | {| class="wikitable" |- |+ {{nowrap|[[#Grúpa I|Grúpa I]]}} |- ! Áit ||width="150"| Foireann |- |align="center"| I1 || {{FRA sacar}} |- |align="center"| I2 || {{SEN sacar}} |- |align="center"| I3 || {{IRQ sacar}} |- |align="center"| I4 || {{NOR sacar}} |} | {| class="wikitable" |- |+ {{nowrap|[[#Grúpa J|Grúpa J]]}} |- ! Áit ||width="150"| Foireann |- |align="center"| J1 || {{ARG sacar}} |- |align="center"| J2 || {{ALG sacar}} |- |align="center"| J3 || {{AUT sacar}} |- |align="center"| J4 || {{JOR sacar}} |} | {| class="wikitable" |- |+ {{nowrap|[[#Grúpa K|Grúpa K]]}} |- ! Áit ||width="150"| Foireann |- |align="center"| K1 || {{POR sacar}} |- |align="center"| K2 || {{COD sacar}} |- |align="center"| K3 || {{UZB sacar}} |- |align="center"| K4 || {{COL sacar}} |} | {| class="wikitable" |- |+ {{nowrap|[[#Grúpa L|Grúpa L]]}} |- ! Áit ||width="150"| Foireann |- |align="center"| L1 || {{ENG sacar}} |- |align="center"| L2 || {{CRO sacar}} |- |align="center"| L3 || {{GHA sacar}} |- |align="center"| L4 || {{PAN sacar}} |} |} '''Searmanas oscailte''' Bhí trí shearmanas oscailte ann don chomórtas, ceann ar leith ag gach ceann de na tíortha óstaigh. '''Forléargas ar na mór-ranna de réir an bhabhta''' {| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align: center; font-size: 95%;" !Continent !Cónaidhm !Babhta na nGrúpaí !An 32 deiridh !Ochtú ceannais !Ceathrú ceannais !Leathcheannais !3ú háit !Ceannais |- |align="left"| [[An Afraic]] | [[Confédération Africaine de Football|CAF]] | 10 (20.83%) | | | | | | |- |align="left"| [[An Áise]] | [[Asian Football Confederation|AFC]] | 9 (18.75%) | | | | | | |- |align="left"| [[An Eoraip]] | [[UEFA]] | 16 (33.33%) | | | | | | |- |align="left"| [[Meiriceá Thuaidh]] agua [[Meiriceá Láir]] | [[CONCACAF]] | 6 (12.5%) | | | | | | |- |align="left"| [[An Aigéine]] || [[Oceania Football Confederation|OFC]] | 1 (2.08%) | | | | | | |- |align="left"| [[Meiriceá Theas]] | [[CONMEBOL]] | 6 (12.50%) | | | | | | |- class="sortbottom" ! colspan="2" style="text-align: ;" | Iomlán || 48 || 32 || 16 || 8 || 4 || 2 || 2 |} == Réiteoirí == {| class="wikitable" width=80% ! Cónaidhm ! Réiteoir ! Réiteoir cúnta ! VAR |- | [[Asian Football Confederation|AFC]] | {{Bratach|United Arab Emirates}} [[Omar Al-Ali]]<br />{{Bratach|Qatar}} [[Abdulrahman Al-Jassim]]<br />{{Bratach|Saudi Arabia}} [[Khalid Al-Turais]]<br />{{Bratach|Japan}} [[Yusuke Araki]]<br />{{Bratach|Australia}} [[Alireza Faghani]]<br />{{Bratach|China}} [[Ma Ning (voetbalscheidsrechter)|Ma Ning]]<br />{{Bratach|Jordan}} [[Adham Makhadmeh]]<br />{{Bratach|Uzbekistan}} [[Ilgiz Tantasjev]] | {{Bratach|Saudi Arabia}} Mohammed Al-Abakry<br />{{Bratach|Jordan}} Mohammad Al-Kalaf<br />{{Bratach|Jordan}} Ahmad Al-Roalle<br />{{Bratach|United Arab Emirates}} Mohamed Al-Hammadi<br />{{Bratach|Qatar}} Saud Al-Maqaleh<br />{{Bratach|Qatar}} Taleb Al-Marri<br />{{Bratach|Uzbekistan}} Timoer Gaynoellin<br />{{Bratach|Australia}} George Lakrindis<br />{{Bratach|Australia}} James Lindsay<br />{{Bratach|Japan}} Jun Mihara<br />{{Bratach|Uzbekistan}} Andrej Tsapenko<br />{{Bratach|China}} Fei Zhou | {{Bratach|Qatar}} [[Khamis Al-Marri]]<br />{{Bratach|Saudi Arabia}} [[Abdullah Al-Shehri]]<br />{{Bratach|Australia}} [[Shaun Evans|Shaun Evans]]<br />{{Bratach|China}} [[Fu Ming]]<br />{{Bratach|United Arab Emirates}} [[Mohammed Obaid Khadim]] |- | [[Confédération Africaine de Football|CAF]] | {{Bratach|Somalia}} [[Omar Abdulkadir Artan]]<br />{{Bratach|Gabon}} [[Pierre Atcho]]<br />{{Bratach|Mauritania}} [[Dahane Beida]]<br />{{Bratach|Algeria}} [[Mustapha Ghorbal]]<br />{{Bratach|Morocco}} [[Jalal Jayed]]<br />{{Bratach|Egypt}} [[Amin Mohamed]]<br />{{Bratach|South Africa}} [[Abongile Tom]] | {{Bratach|Gabon}} Amos Abeigne<br />{{Bratach|Egypt}} Mahmoud Abouelregal<br />{{Bratach|Morocco}} Mostafa Akarkad<br />{{Bratach|Morocco}} Zakaria Brinsi<br />{{Bratach|Gabon}} Boris Ditsoga<br />{{Bratach|Algeria}} Mokrane Gourari<br />{{Bratach|Egypt}} Ahmed Hossam Taha<br />{{Bratach|Cameroon}} Elvis Noupue<br />{{Bratach|Lesotho}} Souru Phatsoane<br />{{Bratach|Angola}} Jerson Santos<br />{{Bratach|South Africa}} Zakhele Siwela<br />{{Bratach|Algeria}} Abbes Akram Zerhouni | {{Bratach|Egypt}} [[Mahmoud Ashour]]<br />{{Bratach|Morocco}} [[Hamza El Fariq]] |- | [[CONCACAF]] | {{Bratach|El Salvador}} [[Iván Barton]]<br />{{Bratach|Costa Rica}} [[Juan Calderón]]<br />{{Bratach|United States of America}} [[Ismail Elfath]]<br />{{Bratach|Canada}} [[Drew Fischer]]<br />{{Bratach|Mexico}} [[Katia García]]<br />{{Bratach|Honduras}} [[Said Martínez]]<br />{{Bratach|Jamaica}} [[Oshane Nation]]<br />{{Bratach|United States of America}} [[Tori Penso]]<br />{{Bratach|Mexico}} [[César Arturo Ramos]] | {{Bratach|Canada}} Lyes Arfa<br />{{Bratach|United States of America}} Kyle Atkins<br />{{Bratach|Canada}} Micheal Barwegen<br />{{Bratach|Mexico}} Marco Bisguerra<br />{{Bratach|Honduras}} Walter López<br />{{Bratach|United States of America}} Brooke Mayo<br />{{Bratach|Costa Rica}} Juan Carlos Mora<br />{{Bratach|El Salvador}} David Morán<br />{{Bratach|Mexico}} Alberto Morín<br />{{Bratach|United States of America}} Kathryn Nesbitt<br />{{Bratach|United States of America}} Corey Parker<br />{{Bratach|Nicaragua}} Antonio Pupiro<br />{{Bratach|Honduras}} Christián Ramírez<br />{{Bratach|Mexico}} Sandra Ramírez<br />{{Bratach|Trinidad and Tobago}} Caleb Wales | {{Bratach|United States of America}} [[Joe Dickerson]]<br />{{Bratach|Nicaragua}} [[Tatiana Guzmán]]<br />{{Bratach|Mexico}} [[Erick Miranda]]<br />{{Bratach|Mexico}} [[Guillermo Pacheco]]<br />{{Bratach|United States of America}} [[Armando Villarreal]] |- | [[CONMEBOL]] | {{Bratach|Brazil}} [[Ramon Abatti]]<br />{{Bratach|Paraguay}} [[Juan Gabriel Benítez]]<br />{{Bratach|Brazil}} [[Raphael Claus]]<br />{{Bratach|Argentina}} [[Yael Falcón Pérez]]<br />{{Bratach|Chile}} [[Cristián Garay]]<br />{{Bratach|Argentina}} [[Darío Herrera]]<br />{{Bratach|Peru}} [[Kevin Ortega]]<br />{{Bratach|Brazil}} [[Wilton Pereira Sampaio]]<br />{{Bratach|Colombia}} [[Andrés Rojas]]<br />{{Bratach|Uruguay}} [[Gustavo Tejera]]<br />{{Bratach|Argentina}} [[Facundo Tello]]<br />{{Bratach|Venezuela}} [[Jesús Valenzuela]] | {{Bratach|Brazil}} Rafael Alves<br />{{Bratach|Uruguay}} Carlos Barreiro<br />{{Bratach|Argentina}} Juan Pablo Belatti<br />{{Bratach|Brazil}} Bruno Boschilia<br />{{Bratach|Paraguay}} Eduardo Cardozo<br />{{Bratach|Argentina}} Gabriel Chade<br />{{Bratach|Argentina}} Maximiliano Del Yesso<br />{{Bratach|Brazil}} Rodrigo Figueiredo<br />{{Bratach|Colombia}} Alexander Guzmán<br />{{Bratach|Brazil}} Danilo Manis<br />{{Bratach|Venezuela}} Tulio Moreno<br />{{Bratach|Argentina}} Christián Navarro<br />{{Bratach|Peru}} Michael Orué<br />{{Bratach|Brazil}} Bruno Pires<br />{{Bratach|Chile}} José Retamal<br />{{Bratach|Chile}} Miguel Rocha<br />{{Bratach|Argentina}} Facundo Rodríguez<br />{{Bratach|Paraguay}} Milciades Saldivar<br />{{Bratach|Uruguay}} Nicolás Taran<br />{{Bratach|Venezuela}} Jorge Urrego | {{Bratach|Colombia}} [[Nicolás Gallo]]<br />{{Bratach|Uruguay}} [[Antonio García]]<br />{{Bratach|Uruguay}} [[Leodán González]]<br />{{Bratach|Chile}} [[Juan Lara]]<br />{{Bratach|Argentina}} [[Hernán Mastrangelo]]<br />{{Bratach|Venezuela}} [[Juan Soto (voetbalscheidsrechter)|Juan Soto]]<br />{{Bratach|Brazil}} [[Rodolpho Toski]] |- | [[Oceania Football Confederation|OFC]] | {{Bratach|New Zealand}} [[Campbell-Kirk Kawana-Waugh]] | {{Bratach|New Zealand}} Isaac Trevis | |- | [[UEFA]] | {{Bratach|Norway}} [[Espen Eskås]]<br />{{Bratach|Spain}} [[Alejandro Hernández|Alejandro Hernández]]<br />{{Bratach|Romania}} [[István Kovács (voetbalscheidsrechter)|István Kovács]]<br />{{Bratach|France}} [[François Letexier]]<br />{{Bratach|Netherlands}} [[Danny Makkelie]]<br />{{Bratach|Poland}} [[Szymon Marciniak]]<br />{{Bratach|Italy}} [[Maurizio Mariani]]<br />{{Bratach|Sweden}} [[Glenn Nyberg]]<br />{{Bratach|England}} [[Michael Oliver|Michael Oliver]]<br />{{Bratach|Portugal}} [[João Pinheiro|João Pinheiro]]<br />{{Bratach|Switzerland}} [[Sandro Schärer]]<br />{{Bratach|England}} [[Anthony Taylor|Anthony Taylor]]<br />{{Bratach|France}} [[Clément Turpin]]<br />{{Bratach|Slovenia}} [[Slavko Vinčić]]<br />{{Bratach|Germany}} [[Felix Zwayer]] | {{Bratach|Norway}} Isaak Bashevkin<br />{{Bratach|Sweden}} Mahbod Beigi<br />{{Bratach|England}} Gary Beswick<br />{{Bratach|Italy}} Daniele Bindoni<br />{{Bratach|England}} Stuart Burt<br />{{Bratach|France}} Nicolas Danos<br />{{Bratach|Switzerland}} Stéphane De Almeida<br />{{Bratach|Germany}} Christian Dietz<br />{{Bratach|Norway}} Jan Erik Engan<br />{{Bratach|Portugal}} Bruno Jesus<br />{{Bratach|Germany}} Robert Kempter<br />{{Bratach|Slovenia}} Tomaž Klančnik<br />{{Bratach|Slovenia}} Andraž Kovačič<br />{{Bratach|Poland}} Adam Kupsik<br />{{Bratach|Poland}} Tomasz Listkiewicz<br />{{Bratach|Portugal}} Luciano Maia<br />{{Bratach|England}} James Mainwaring<br />{{Bratach|Romania}} Mihai Marica<br />{{Bratach|France}} Cyril Mugnier<br />{{Bratach|Spain}} José Naranjo Pérez<br />{{Bratach|England}} Adam Nunn<br />{{Bratach|France}} Benjamin Pagès<br />{{Bratach|France}} Mehdi Rahmouni<br />{{Bratach|Spain}} Diego Sánchez<br />{{Bratach|Sweden}} Andreas Søderkvist<br />{{Bratach|Netherlands}} Hessel Steegstra<br />{{Bratach|Italy}} Alberto Tegoni<br />{{Bratach|Romania}} Ferencz Tunyogi<br />{{Bratach|Netherlands}} Jan de Vries | {{Bratach|Croatia}} [[Ivan Bebek]]<br />{{Bratach|France}} [[Jérôme Brisard]]<br />{{Bratach|Germany}} [[Bastian Dankert]]<br />{{Bratach|France}} [[Willy Delajod]]<br />{{Bratach|Spain}} [[Carlos del Cerro Grande]]<br />{{Bratach|Italy}} [[Marco Di Bello]]<br /><s>{{Bratach|Netherlands}} [[Rob Dieperink]]</s><br />{{Bratach|England}} [[Jarred Gillett]]<br />{{Bratach|Netherlands}} [[Dennis Higler]]<br />{{Bratach|Poland}} [[Tomasz Kwiatkowski]]<br />{{Bratach|Switzerland}} [[Fedayi San]]<br />{{Bratach|Belgium}} [[Bram Van Driessche]] |} == Babhta na nGrúpaí == === Grúpa A === {| class="wikitable" style=" text-align:left; font-size:95%" |- align=center bgcolor=#efefef !width=20|Áit !width=165|Tír !width=20|{{Leid uirlise|Im|Cluichí a imríodh}} !width=20|{{Leid uirlise|B|Buaite}} !width=20|{{Leid uirlise|Cs|Comhscóir}} !width=20|{{Leid uirlise|C|Caillte}} !width=20|{{Leid uirlise|CS|Líon na gcúl a scóráladh}} !width=20|{{Leid uirlise|CC|Líon na gcúl ina gcoinne}} !width=20|{{Leid uirlise|+/-|Difríocht}} !width=20|{{Leid uirlise|Ptí|Pointí}} |- style="background:#cfc;" | '''1''' |style="text-align:left;"|{{MEX sacar}} |2||2||0||0||3||0||+3||'''6''' |- style="background:#cfc;" | '''2''' |style="text-align:left;"|{{KOR sacar}} |2||1||0||2||2||2||0||'''3''' |- | '''3''' |style="text-align:left;"|{{CZE sacar}} |2||0||1||1||2||3||-1||'''1''' |- | '''4''' |style="text-align:left;"|{{RSA sacar}} |2||0||1||1||1||3||-2||'''1''' |} {{Cluiche sacair |data = 11 Meitheamh 2026 |am = {{Formáidiú ama|13:00|utc1=-6|utc2=+2}} |foireann1 = {{MEX sacar}} |scór = 2 - 0 |tuairisc = [https://www.fifa.com/en/match-centre/match/17/285023/289273/400021443 Tuairisc] |foireann2 = {{RSA sacar}} |Cuil1 = J. Quiñones {{cúl}} 9' <br/>R. Jiménez {{cúl}} 67' |Cuil2 = |staid = [[Estadio Azteca]], [[Cathair Mheicsiceo]] |slua = 80,824 |reiteoir = Wilton Sampaio ([[an Bhrasaíl]]) }} {{Cluiche sacair |data = 11 Meitheamh 2026 |am = {{Formáidiú ama|20:00|utc1=-6|utc2=+2}} |foireann1 = {{KOR sacar}} |scór = 2 - 1 |tuairisc = [https://www.fifa.com/en/match-centre/match/17/285023/289273/400021441 Tuairisc] |foireann2 = {{CZE sacar}} |Cuil1 = Hwang In-Beom {{cúl}} 67' <br/>Oh Hyeon-Gyu {{cúl}} 80' |Cuil2 = L. Krejčí {{cúl}} 59' |staid = [[Estadio Akron]], [[Zapopan]] |slua = 44,985 |reiteoir = Amin Mohamed Omar ([[an Éigipt]]) }} {{Cluiche sacair |data = 18 Meitheamh 2026 |am = {{Formáidiú ama|12:00|utc1=-4|utc2=+2}} |foireann1 = {{CZE sacar}} |scór = 1 - 1 |tuairisc = [https://www.fifa.com/en/match-centre/match/17/285023/289273/400021440 Tuairisc] |foireann2 = {{RSA sacar}} |Cuil1 = Sadílek {{cúl}} 6' |Cuil2 = Mokoena {{cúl}} 83' (pion.) |staid = [[Mercedes-Benz Stadium]], [[Atlanta]] |slua = 67,442 |reiteoir = Tori Penso (SAM) }} {{Cluiche sacair |data = 18 Meitheamh 2026 |am = {{Formáidiú ama|19:00|utc1=-6|utc2=+2}} |foireann1 = {{MEX sacar}} |scór = 1 - 0 |tuairisc = [https://www.fifa.com/en/match-centre/match/17/285023/289273/400021442 Tuairisc] |foireann2 = {{KOR sacar}} |Cuil1 = Romo {{cúl}} 50' |Cuil2 = |staid = [[Estadio Akron]], [[Zapopan]] |slua = 45,522 |reiteoir = Gustavo Tejera ([[Uragua]]) }} {{Cluiche sacair |data = 24 Meitheamh 2026 |am = {{Formáidiú ama|19:00|utc1=-6|utc2=+2}} |foireann1 = {{CZE sacar}} |scór = Cluiche 53 |tuairisc = [https://www.fifa.com/en/match-centre/match/17/285023/289273/400021444 Tuairisc] |foireann2 = {{MEX sacar}} |Cuil1 = |Cuil2 = |staid = [[Estadio Azteca]], [[Cathair Mheicsiceo]] |slua = |reiteoir = }} {{Cluiche sacair |data = 24 Meitheamh 2026 |am = {{Formáidiú ama|19:00|utc1=-6|utc2=+2}} |foireann1 = {{RSA sacar}} |scór = Cluiche 54 |tuairisc = [https://www.fifa.com/en/match-centre/match/17/285023/289273/400021445 Tuairisc] |foireann2 = {{KOR sacar}} |Cuil1 = |Cuil2 = |staid = [[Estadio BBVA Bancomer]], [[Guadalupe (Nuevo León)|Guadalupe]] |slua = |reiteoir = }} === Grúpa B === {| class="wikitable" style=" text-align:left; font-size:95%" |- align=center bgcolor=#efefef !width=20|Áit !width=165|Tír !width=20|{{Leid uirlise|Im|Cluichí a imríodh}} !width=20|{{Leid uirlise|B|Buaite}} !width=20|{{Leid uirlise|Cs|Comhscóir}} !width=20|{{Leid uirlise|C|Caillte}} !width=20|{{Leid uirlise|CS|Líon na gcúl a scóráladh}} !width=20|{{Leid uirlise|CC|Líon na gcúl ina gcoinne}} !width=20|{{Leid uirlise|+/-|Difríocht}} !width=20|{{Leid uirlise|Ptí|Pointí}} |- style="background:#cfc;" | '''1''' |style="text-align:left;"|{{SUI sacar}} |1||0||1||0||1||1||+0||'''1''' |- style="background:#cfc;" | '''2''' |style="text-align:left;"|{{CAN sacar}} |1||0||1||0||1||1||+0||'''1''' |- | '''3''' |style="text-align:left;"|{{QAT sacar}} |1||0||1||0||1||1||+0||'''1''' |- | '''4''' |style="text-align:left;"|{{BIH sacar}} |1||0||1||0||1||1||+0|| <br/>'''1''' |} {{Cluiche sacair |data = 12 Meitheamh 2026 |am = {{Formáidiú ama|15:00|utc1=-4|utc2=+2}} |foireann1 = {{CAN sacar}} |scór = 1 - 1 |tuairisc = [https://www.fifa.com/en/match-centre/match/17/285023/289273/400021449 Tuairisc] |foireann2 = {{BIH sacar}} |Cuil1 = Larin {{cúl}} '78 |Cuil2 = Lukić {{cúl}} '21 |staid = [[BMO Field]], [[Toronto]] |slua = 43,002 |reiteoir = Facundo Tello (An Airgintín) }} {{Cluiche sacair |data = 13 Meitheamh 2026 |am = {{Formáidiú ama|12:00|utc1=-7|utc2=+2}} |foireann1 = {{QAT sacar}} |scór = 1 - 1 |tuairisc = [https://www.fifa.com/en/match-centre/match/17/285023/289273/400021447 Tuairisc] |foireann2 = {{SUI sacar}} |Cuil1 = Muheim {{cúl}} 90+4' (c.t.) |Cuil2 = Embolo {{cúl}} 17' (pion.) |staid = [[Levi's Stadium]], [[Santa Clara (Californië)|Santa Clara]] |slua = 67,966 |reiteoir = Saíd Martínez (Hondúras) }} {{Cluiche sacair |data = 18 Meitheamh 2026 |am = {{Formáidiú ama|12:00|utc1=-7|utc2=+2}} |foireann1 = {{SUI sacar}} |scór = Cluiche 26 |tuairisc = [https://www.fifa.com/en/match-centre/match/17/285023/289273/400021446 Tuairisc] |foireann2 = {{BIH sacar}} |Cuil1 = |Cuil2 = |staid = [[SoFi Stadium]], [[Inglewood (Californië)|Inglewood]] |slua = |reiteoir = }} {{Cluiche sacair |data = 18 Meitheamh 2026 |am = {{Formáidiú ama|15:00|utc1=-7|utc2=+2}} |foireann1 = {{CAN sacar}} |scór = Cluiche 27 |tuairisc = [https://www.fifa.com/en/match-centre/match/17/285023/289273/400021450 Tuairisc] |foireann2 = {{QAT sacar}} |Cuil1 = |Cuil2 = |staid = [[BC Place Stadium]], [[Vancouver]] |slua = |reiteoir = }} {{Cluiche sacair |data = 24 Meitheamh 2026 |am = {{Formáidiú ama|12:00|utc1=-7|utc2=+2}} |foireann1 = {{SUI sacar}} |scór = Cluiche 51 |tuairisc = [https://www.fifa.com/en/match-centre/match/17/285023/289273/400021451 Tuairisc] |foireann2 = {{CAN sacar}} |Cuil1 = |Cuil2 = |staid = [[BC Place Stadium]], [[Vancouver]] |slua = |reiteoir = }} {{Cluiche sacair |data = 24 Meitheamh 2026 |am = {{Formáidiú ama|12:00|utc1=-7|utc2=+2}} |foireann1 = {{BIH sacar}} |scór = Cluiche 52 |tuairisc = [https://www.fifa.com/en/match-centre/match/17/285023/289273/400021448 Tuairisc] |foireann2 = {{QAT sacar}} |Cuil1 = |Cuil2 = |staid = [[Lumen Field]], [[Seattle]] |slua = |reiteoir = }} === Grúpa C === {| class="wikitable" style=" text-align:left; font-size:95%" |- align=center bgcolor=#efefef !width=20|Áit !width=165|Tír !width=20|{{Leid uirlise|Im|Cluichí a imríodh}} !width=20|{{Leid uirlise|B|Buaite}} !width=20|{{Leid uirlise|Cs|Comhscóir}} !width=20|{{Leid uirlise|C|Caillte}} !width=20|{{Leid uirlise|CS|Líon na gcúl a scóráladh}} !width=20|{{Leid uirlise|CC|Líon na gcúl ina gcoinne}} !width=20|{{Leid uirlise|+/-|Difríocht}} !width=20|{{Leid uirlise|Ptí|Pointí}} |- style="background:#cfc;" | '''1''' |style="text-align:left;"|{{SCO sacar}} |1||1||0||0||1||0||+1||'''3''' |- style="background:#cfc;" | '''2''' |style="text-align:left;"|{{MAR sacar}} |1||0||1||0||1||1||+0||'''1''' |- | '''3''' |style="text-align:left;"|{{BRA sacar}} |1||0||1||0||1||1||+0||'''1''' |- | '''4''' |style="text-align:left;"|{{HAI sacar}} |1||0||0||1||0||1||-1||'''0''' |} {{Cluiche sacair |data = 13 Meitheamh 2026 |am = {{Formáidiú ama|18:00|utc1=-4|utc2=+2}} |foireann1 = {{BRA sacar}} |scór = 1 - 1 |tuairisc = [https://www.fifa.com/en/match-centre/match/17/285023/289273/400021456 Tuairisc] |foireann2 = {{MAR sacar}} |Cuil1 = Vinícius {{cúl}} 32' |Cuil2 = Saibari {{cúl}} 21' |staid = [[MetLife Stadium]], [[East Rutherford (New Jersey)|East Rutherford]] |slua = 80,663 |reiteoir = Slavko Vinčić ([[an tSlóivéin]]) }} {{Cluiche sacair |data = 13 Meitheamh 2026 |am = {{Formáidiú ama|21:00|utc1=-4|utc2=+2}} |foireann1 = {{HAI sacar}} |scór = 0 - 1 |tuairisc = [https://www.fifa.com/en/match-centre/match/17/285023/289273/400021453 Tuairisc] |foireann2 = {{SCO sacar}} |Cuil1 = |Cuil2 = McGinn {{cúl}} 28' |staid = [[Gillette Stadium]], [[Foxborough]] |slua = 64,146 |reiteoir = Mustapha Ghorbal ([[an Ailgéir]]) }} {{Cluiche sacair |data = 19 Meitheamh 2026 |am = {{Formáidiú ama|18:00|utc1=-4|utc2=+2}} |foireann1 = {{SCO sacar}} |scór = Cluiche 30 |tuairisc = [https://www.fifa.com/en/match-centre/match/17/285023/289273/400021454 Tuairisc] |foireann2 = {{MAR sacar}} |Cuil1 = |Cuil2 = |staid = [[Gillette Stadium]], [[Foxborough]] |slua = |reiteoir = }} {{Cluiche sacair |data = 19 Meitheamh 2026 |am = {{Formáidiú ama|20:30|utc1=-4|utc2=+2}} |foireann1 = {{BRA sacar}} |scór = Cluiche 29 |tuairisc = [https://www.fifa.com/en/match-centre/match/17/285023/289273/400021457 Tuairisc] |foireann2 = {{HAI sacar}} |Cuil1 = |Cuil2 = |staid = [[Lincoln Financial Field]], [[Philadelphia (Pennsylvania)|Philadelphia]] |slua = |reiteoir = }} {{Cluiche sacair |data = 24 Meitheamh 2026 |am = {{Formáidiú ama|18:00|utc1=-4|utc2=+2}} |foireann1 = {{SCO sacar}} |scór = Cluiche 49 |tuairisc = [https://www.fifa.com/en/match-centre/match/17/285023/289273/400021455 Tuairisc] |foireann2 = {{BRA sacar}} |Cuil1 = |Cuil2 = |staid = [[Hard Rock Stadium]], [[Miami Gardens (Miami-Dade County)|Miami Gardens]] |slua = |reiteoir = }} {{Cluiche sacair |data = 24 Meitheamh 2026 |am = {{Formáidiú ama|18:00|utc1=-4|utc2=+2}} |foireann1 = {{MAR sacar}} |scór = Cluiche 50 |tuairisc = [https://www.fifa.com/en/match-centre/match/17/285023/289273/400021452 Tuairisc] |foireann2 = {{HAI sacar}} |Cuil1 = |Cuil2 = |staid = [[Mercedes-Benz Stadium]], [[Atlanta]] |slua = |reiteoir = }} === Grúpa D === {| class="wikitable" style=" text-align:left; font-size:95%" |- align=center bgcolor=#efefef !width=20|Áit !width=165|Tír !width=20|{{Leid uirlise|Im|Cluichí a imríodh}} !width=20|{{Leid uirlise|B|Buaite}} !width=20|{{Leid uirlise|Cs|Comhscóir}} !width=20|{{Leid uirlise|C|Caillte}} !width=20|{{Leid uirlise|CS|Líon na gcúl a scóráladh}} !width=20|{{Leid uirlise|CC|Líon na gcúl ina gcoinne}} !width=20|{{Leid uirlise|+/-|Difríocht}} !width=20|{{Leid uirlise|Ptí|Pointí}} |- style="background:#cfc;" | '''1''' |style="text-align:left;"|{{USA sacar}} |1||1||0||0||4||1||+3||'''3''' |- style="background:#cfc;" | '''2''' |style="text-align:left;"|{{AUS sacar}} |1||1||0||0||2||0||+2||'''3''' |- | '''3''' |style="text-align:left;"|{{TUR sacar}} |1||0||0||1||0||2||-2||'''0''' |- | '''4''' |style="text-align:left;"|{{PAR sacar}} |1||0||0||1||1||3||-3||'''0''' |} {{Cluiche sacair |data = 12 Meitheamh 2026 |am = {{Formáidiú ama|18:00|utc1=-7|utc2=+2}} |foireann1 = {{USA sacar}} |scór = 4 - 1 |tuairisc = [https://www.fifa.com/en/match-centre/match/17/285023/289273/400021458 Tuairisc] |foireann2 = {{PAR sacar}} |Cuil1 = Bobadilla {{cúl}} 7' (c.t.) <br/>Balogun {{cúl}}31', 45+5'<br/>Reyna {{cúl}}90+8' |Cuil2 = Maurício {{cúl}} 73' |staid = [[SoFi Stadium]], [[Inglewood]] |slua = 70,492 |reiteoir = Danny Makkelie ([[an Ísiltír]]) }} {{Cluiche sacair |data = 13 Meitheamh 2026 |am = {{Formáidiú ama|21:00|utc1=-7|utc2=+2}} |foireann1 = {{AUS sacar}} |scór = 2 - 0 |tuairisc = [https://www.fifa.com/en/match-centre/match/17/285023/289273/400021463 Tuairisc] |foireann2 = {{TUR sacar}} |Cuil1 = Irankunda {{cúl}}27' <br/>Metcalfe {{cúl}}75' |Cuil2 = |staid = [[BC Place Stadium]], [[Vancouver]] |slua = 52,497 |reiteoir = Jesús Valenzuela ([[Veiniséala]]) }} {{Cluiche sacair |data = 19 Meitheamh 2026 |am = {{Formáidiú ama|12:00|utc1=-7|utc2=+2}} |foireann1 = {{USA sacar}} |scór = Cluiche 32 |tuairisc = [https://www.fifa.com/en/match-centre/match/17/285023/289273/400021462 Tuairisc] |foireann2 = {{AUS sacar}} |Cuil1 = |Cuil2 = |staid = [[Lumen Field]], [[Seattle]] |slua = |reiteoir = }} {{Cluiche sacair |data = 19 Meitheamh 2026 |am = {{Formáidiú ama|21:00|utc1=-7|utc2=+2}} |foireann1 = {{TUR sacar}} |scór = Cluiche 31 |tuairisc = [https://www.fifa.com/en/match-centre/match/17/285023/289273/400021460 Tuairisc] |foireann2 = {{PAR sacar}} |Cuil1 = |Cuil2 = |staid = [[Levi's Stadium]], [[Santa Clara (Californië)|Santa Clara]] |slua = |reiteoir = }} {{Cluiche sacair |data = 25 Meitheamh 2026 |am = {{Formáidiú ama|19:00|utc1=-7|utc2=+2}} |foireann1 = {{TUR sacar}} |scór = Cluiche 59 |tuairisc = [https://www.fifa.com/en/match-centre/match/17/285023/289273/400021459 Tuairisc] |foireann2 = {{USA sacar}} |Cuil1 = |Cuil2 = |staid = [[SoFi Stadium]], [[Inglewood (Californië)|Inglewood]] |slua = |reiteoir = }} {{Cluiche sacair |data = 25 Meitheamh 2026 |am = {{Formáidiú ama|19:00|utc1=-7|utc2=+2}} |foireann1 = {{PAR sacar}} |scór = Cluiche 60 |tuairisc = [https://www.fifa.com/en/match-centre/match/17/285023/289273/400021461 Tuairisc] |foireann2 = {{AUS sacar}} |Cuil1 = |Cuil2 = |staid = [[Levi's Stadium]], [[Santa Clara (Californië)|Santa Clara]] |slua = |reiteoir = }} === Grúpa E === {| class="wikitable" style=" text-align:left; font-size:95%" |- align=center bgcolor=#efefef !width=20|Áit !width=165|Tír !width=20|{{Leid uirlise|Im|Cluichí a imríodh}} !width=20|{{Leid uirlise|B|Buaite}} !width=20|{{Leid uirlise|Cs|Comhscóir}} !width=20|{{Leid uirlise|C|Caillte}} !width=20|{{Leid uirlise|CS|Líon na gcúl a scóráladh}} !width=20|{{Leid uirlise|CC|Líon na gcúl ina gcoinne}} !width=20|{{Leid uirlise|+/-|Difríocht}} !width=20|{{Leid uirlise|Ptí|Pointí}} |- style="background:#cfc;" | '''1''' |style="text-align:left;"|{{GER sacar}} |1||1||0||0||7||1||+6||'''3''' |- style="background:#cfc;" | '''2''' |style="text-align:left;"|{{CIV sacar}} |1||1||0||0||1||0||+1||'''3''' |- | '''3''' |style="text-align:left;"|{{ECU sacar}} |1||0||0||1||0||1||-1||'''0''' |- | '''4''' |style="text-align:left;"|{{CUW sacar}} |1||0||0||1||1||7||-6||'''0''' |} {{Cluiche sacair |data = 14 Meitheamh 2026 |am = {{Formáidiú ama|12:00|utc1=-5|utc2=+2}} |foireann1 = {{GER sacar}} |scór = Cluiche 7 - 1 |tuairisc = [https://www.fifa.com/en/match-centre/match/17/285023/289273/400021464 Tuairisc] |foireann2 = {{CUW sacar}} |Cuil1 = Nmecha {{cúl}}6'<br/>Schlotterbeck {{cúl}}38'<br/>Havertz {{cúl}}45+5' {{cúl}}(pion.), 88'<br/>Musiala {{cúl}}47'<br/>Brown {{cúl}}68'<br/>Undav {{cúl}}78' |Cuil2 = Comenencia {{cúl}} 21' |staid = [[NRG Stadium]], [[Houston]] |slua = 68,021 |reiteoir = Jalal Jayed ([[Maracó]]) }} {{Cluiche sacair |data = 14 Meitheamh 2026 |am = {{Formáidiú ama|19:00|utc1=-4|utc2=+2}} |foireann1 = {{CIV sacar}} |scór = 1 - 0 |tuairisc = [https://www.fifa.com/en/match-centre/match/17/285023/289273/400021467 Tuairisc] |foireann2 = {{ECU sacar}} |Cuil1 = A. Diallo {{cúl}} 90' |Cuil2 = |staid = [[Lincoln Financial Field]], [[Philadelphia (Pennsylvania)|Philadelphia]] |slua = 68,274 |reiteoir = François Letexier ([[An Fhrainc]]) }} {{Cluiche sacair |data = 20 Meitheamh 2026 |am = {{Formáidiú ama|16:00|utc1=-4|utc2=+2}} |foireann1 = {{GER sacar}} |scór = Cluiche 33 |tuairisc = [https://www.fifa.com/en/match-centre/match/17/285023/289273/400021469 Tuairisc] |foireann2 = {{CIV sacar}} |Cuil1 = |Cuil2 = |staid = [[BMO Field]], [[Toronto]] |slua = |reiteoir = }} {{Cluiche sacair |data = 20 Meitheamh 2026 |am = {{Formáidiú ama|19:00|utc1=-5|utc2=+2}} |foireann1 = {{ECU sacar}} |scór = Cluiche 34 |tuairisc = [https://www.fifa.com/en/match-centre/match/17/285023/289273/400021465 Tuairisc] |foireann2 = {{CUW sacar}} |Cuil1 = |Cuil2 = |staid = [[Arrowhead Stadium]], [[Kansas City (Missouri)|Kansas City]] |slua = |reiteoir = }} {{Cluiche sacair |data = 25 Meitheamh 2026 |am = {{Formáidiú ama|16:00|utc1=-4|utc2=+2}} |foireann1 = {{CUW sacar}} |scór = Cluiche 55 |tuairisc = [https://www.fifa.com/en/match-centre/match/17/285023/289273/400021468 Tuairisc] |foireann2 = {{CIV sacar}} |Cuil1 = |Cuil2 = |staid = [[Lincoln Financial Field]], [[Philadelphia (Pennsylvania)|Philadelphia]] |slua = |reiteoir = }} {{Cluiche sacair |data = 25 Meitheamh 2026 |am = {{Formáidiú ama|16:00|utc1=-4|utc2=+2}} |foireann1 = {{ECU sacar}} |scór = Cluiche 56 |tuairisc = [https://www.fifa.com/en/match-centre/match/17/285023/289273/400021466 Tuairisc] |foireann2 = {{GER sacar}} |Cuil1 = |Cuil2 = |staid = [[MetLife Stadium]], [[East Rutherford (New Jersey)|East Rutherford]] |slua = |reiteoir = }} === Grúpa F === {| class="wikitable" style=" text-align:left; font-size:95%" |- align=center bgcolor=#efefef !width=20|Áit !width=165|Tír !width=20|{{Leid uirlise|Im|Cluichí a imríodh}} !width=20|{{Leid uirlise|B|Buaite}} !width=20|{{Leid uirlise|Cs|Comhscóir}} !width=20|{{Leid uirlise|C|Caillte}} !width=20|{{Leid uirlise|CS|Líon na gcúl a scóráladh}} !width=20|{{Leid uirlise|CC|Líon na gcúl ina gcoinne}} !width=20|{{Leid uirlise|+/-|Difríocht}} !width=20|{{Leid uirlise|Ptí|Pointí}} |- style="background:#cfc;" | '''1''' |style="text-align:left;"|{{SWE sacar}} |1||1||0||0||5||1||+4||'''3''' |- style="background:#cfc;" | '''2''' |style="text-align:left;"|{{JPN sacar}} |1||0||1||0||2||2||+0||'''1''' |- | '''3''' |style="text-align:left;"|{{NED sacar}} |1||0||1||0||2||2||+0||'''1''' |- | '''4''' |style="text-align:left;"|{{TUN sacar}} |1||0||0||1||1||5||-4||'''0''' |} {{Cluiche sacair |data = 14 Meitheamh 2026 |am = {{Formáidiú ama|15:00|utc1=-5|utc2=+2}} |foireann1 = {{NED sacar}} |scór = 2 - 2 |tuairisc = [https://www.fifa.com/en/match-centre/match/17/285023/289273/400021470 Tuairisc] |foireann2 = {{JPN sacar}} |Cuil1 = [[Virgil van Dijk|Van Dijk]] {{cúl}}50'<br/>Summerville {{cúl}}64' |Cuil2 = Nakamura {{cúl}}57'<br/>Kamada {{cúl}}88' |staid = [[AT&T Stadium]], [[Arlington (Texas)|Arlington]] |slua = 69,285 |reiteoir = Ismail Elfath ([[SAM]]) }} {{Cluiche sacair |data = 14 Meitheamh 2026 |am = {{Formáidiú ama|20:00|utc1=-6|utc2=+2}} |foireann1 = {{SWE sacar}} |scór = 5 - 1 |tuairisc = [https://www.fifa.com/en/match-centre/match/17/285023/289273/400021474 Tuairisc] |foireann2 = {{TUN sacar}} |Cuil1 = Ayari {{cúl}} 7', 90+6'<br/>Isak {{cúl}} 30'<br/>Gyökeres {{cúl}} 59'<br/>Svanberg {{cúl}} 84' |Cuil2 = Rekik {{cúl}} 43' |staid = [[Estadio BBVA Bancomer]], [[Guadalupe (Nuevo León)|Guadalupe]] |slua = 50,987 |reiteoir = Yael Falcón ([[An Airgintín]]) }} {{Cluiche sacair |data = 20 Meitheamh 2026 |am = {{Formáidiú ama|12:00|utc1=-5|utc2=+2}} |foireann1 = {{NED sacar}} |scór = Cluiche 35 |tuairisc = [https://www.fifa.com/en/match-centre/match/17/285023/289273/400021472 Tuairisc] |foireann2 = {{SWE sacar}} |Cuil1 = |Cuil2 = |staid = [[NRG Stadium]], [[Houston]] |slua = |reiteoir = }} {{Cluiche sacair |data = 20 Meitheamh 2026 |am = {{Formáidiú ama|22:00|utc1=-6|06:00+|utc2=+2}} |foireann1 = {{TUN sacar}} |scór = Cluiche 36 |tuairisc = [https://www.fifa.com/en/match-centre/match/17/285023/289273/400021475 Tuairisc] |foireann2 = {{JPN sacar}} |Cuil1 = |Cuil2 = |staid = [[Estadio BBVA Bancomer]], [[Guadalupe (Nuevo León)|Guadalupe]] |slua = |reiteoir = }} ''Beidh an cluiche idir an Túinéis agus an tSeapáin ar an 1,000ú cluiche is stair Chorn an Domhain {{Cluiche sacair |data = 25 Meitheamh 2026 |am = {{Formáidiú ama|18:00|utc1=-5|utc2=+2}} |foireann1 = {{JPN sacar}} |scór = Cluiche 57 |tuairisc = [https://www.fifa.com/en/match-centre/match/17/285023/289273/400021471 Tuairisc] |foireann2 = {{SWE sacar}} |Cuil1 = |Cuil2 = |staid = [[AT&T Stadium]], [[Arlington (Texas)|Arlington]] |slua = |reiteoir = }} {{Cluiche sacair |data = 25 Meitheamh 2026 |am = {{Formáidiú ama|18:00|utc1=-5|utc2=+2}} |foireann1 = {{TUN sacar}} |scór = Cluiche 58 |tuairisc = [https://www.fifa.com/en/match-centre/match/17/285023/289273/400021473 Tuairisc] |foireann2 = {{NED sacar}} |Cuil1 = |Cuil2 = |staid = [[Arrowhead Stadium]], [[Kansas City (Missouri)|Kansas City]] |slua = |reiteoir = }} === Grúpa G === {| class="wikitable" style=" text-align:left; font-size:95%" |- align=center bgcolor=#efefef !width=20|Áit !width=165|Tír !width=20|{{Leid uirlise|Im|Cluichí a imríodh}} !width=20|{{Leid uirlise|B|Buaite}} !width=20|{{Leid uirlise|Cs|Comhscóir}} !width=20|{{Leid uirlise|C|Caillte}} !width=20|{{Leid uirlise|CS|Líon na gcúl a scóráladh}} !width=20|{{Leid uirlise|CC|Líon na gcúl ina gcoinne}} !width=20|{{Leid uirlise|+/-|Difríocht}} !width=20|{{Leid uirlise|Ptí|Pointí}} |- style="background:#cfc;" | '''1''' |style="text-align:left;"|{{NZL sacar}} |1||0||1||0||2||2||+0||'''1''' |- style="background:#cfc;" | '''2''' |style="text-align:left;"|{{IRN sacar}} |1||0||1||0||2||2||+0||'''1''' |- | '''3''' |style="text-align:left;"|{{BEL sacar}} |1||0||1||0||1||1||+0||'''1''' |- | '''4''' |style="text-align:left;"|{{EGY sacar}} |1||0||1||0||1||1||+0||'''1''' |} {{Cluiche sacair |data = 15 Meitheamh 2026 |am = {{Formáidiú ama|12:00|utc1=-7|utc2=+2}} |foireann1 = {{BEL sacar}} |scór = 1 - 1 |tuairisc = [https://www.fifa.com/en/match-centre/match/17/285023/289273/400021478 Tuairisc] |foireann2 = {{EGY sacar}} |Cuil1 = Hany {{cúl}} 66' (c.t.) |Cuil2 = Ashour {{cúl}} 19' |staid = [[Lumen Field]], [[Seattle]] |slua = 66,775 |reiteoir = Ramon Abatti ([[An Bhrasaíl]]) }} {{Cluiche sacair |data = 15 Meitheamh 2026 |am = {{Formáidiú ama|18:00|utc1=-7|utc2=+2}} |foireann1 = {{IRN sacar}} |scór = 2 - 2 |tuairisc = [https://www.fifa.com/en/match-centre/match/17/285023/289273/400021476 Tuairisc] |foireann2 = {{NZL sacar}} |Cuil1 = Rezaeian {{cúl}}32' <br/>Mohebi {{cúl}}64' |Cuil2 = Just {{cúl}} 7', 54' |staid = [[SoFi Stadium]], [[Inglewood (Californië)|Inglewood]] |slua = 70,108 |reiteoir = César Arturo Ramos ([[Meicsiceo]]) }} {{Cluiche sacair |data = 21 Meitheamh 2026 |am = {{Formáidiú ama|12:00|utc1=-7|utc2=+2}} |foireann1 = {{BEL sacar}} |scór = Cluiche 39 |tuairisc = [https://www.fifa.com/en/match-centre/match/17/285023/289273/400021477 Tuairisc] |foireann2 = {{IRN sacar}} |Cuil1 = |Cuil2 = |staid = [[SoFi Stadium]], [[Inglewood (Californië)|Inglewood]] |slua = |reiteoir = }} {{Cluiche sacair |data = 21 Meitheamh 2026 |am = {{Formáidiú ama|18:00|utc1=-7|utc2=+2}} |foireann1 = {{NZL sacar}} |scór = Cluiche 40 |tuairisc = [https://www.fifa.com/en/match-centre/match/17/285023/289273/400021480 Tuairisc] |foireann2 = {{EGY sacar}} |Cuil1 = |Cuil2 = |staid = [[BC Place Stadium]], [[Vancouver]] |slua = |reiteoir = }} {{Cluiche sacair |data = 26 Meitheamh 2026 |am = {{Formáidiú ama|20:00|utc1=-7|utc2=+2}} |foireann1 = {{EGY sacar}} |scór = Cluiche 63 |tuairisc = [https://www.fifa.com/en/match-centre/match/17/285023/289273/400021479 Tuairisc] |foireann2 = {{IRN sacar}} |Cuil1 = |Cuil2 = |staid = [[Lumen Field]], [[Seattle]] |slua = |reiteoir = }} {{Cluiche sacair |data = 26 Meitheamh 2026 |am = {{Formáidiú ama|20:00|utc1=-7|utc2=+2}} |foireann1 = {{NZL sacar}} |scór = Cluiche 64 |tuairisc = [https://www.fifa.com/en/match-centre/match/17/285023/289273/400021481 Tuairisc] |foireann2 = {{BEL sacar}} |Cuil1 = |Cuil2 = |staid = [[BC Place Stadium]], [[Vancouver]] |slua = |reiteoir = }} === Grúpa H === {| class="wikitable" style=" text-align:left; font-size:95%" |- align=center bgcolor=#efefef !width=20|Áit !width=165|Tír !width=20|{{Leid uirlise|Im|Cluichí a imríodh}} !width=20|{{Leid uirlise|B|Buaite}} !width=20|{{Leid uirlise|Cs|Comhscóir}} !width=20|{{Leid uirlise|C|Caillte}} !width=20|{{Leid uirlise|CS|Líon na gcúl a scóráladh}} !width=20|{{Leid uirlise|CC|Líon na gcúl ina gcoinne}} !width=20|{{Leid uirlise|+/-|Difríocht}} !width=20|{{Leid uirlise|Ptí|Pointí}} |- style="background:#cfc;" | '''1''' |style="text-align:left;"|{{URU sacar}} |1||0||1||0||1||1||+0||'''1''' |- style="background:#cfc;" | '''2''' |style="text-align:left;"|{{KSA sacar}} |1||0||1||0||1||1||+0||'''1''' |- | '''3''' |style="text-align:left;"|{{ESP sacar}} |1||0||1||0||0||0||+0||'''1''' |- | '''4''' |style="text-align:left;"|{{CPV sacar}} |1||0||1||0||0||0||+0||'''1''' |} {{Cluiche sacair |data = 15 Meitheamh 2026 |am = {{Formáidiú ama|12:00|utc1=-4|utc2=+2}} |foireann1 = {{ESP sacar}} |scór = 0 - 0 |tuairisc = [https://www.fifa.com/en/match-centre/match/17/285023/289273/400021482 Tuairisc] |foireann2 = {{CPV sacar}} |Cuil1 = |Cuil2 = |staid = [[Mercedes-Benz Stadium]], [[Atlanta]] |slua = 67,640 |reiteoir = Adham Makhadmeh ([[an Iordáin]]) }} {{Cluiche sacair |data = 15 Meitheamh 2026 |am = {{Formáidiú ama|18:00|utc1=-4|utc2=+2}} |foireann1 = {{KSA sacar}} |scór = 1 - 1 |tuairisc = [https://www.fifa.com/en/match-centre/match/17/285023/289273/400021486 Tuairisc] |foireann2 = {{URU sacar}} |Cuil1 = Al-Amri {{cúl}} 41' |Cuil2 = M. Araújo {{cúl}} 80' |staid = [[Hard Rock Stadium]], [[Miami Gardens (Miami-Dade County)|Miami Gardens]] |slua = 62,764 |reiteoir = Maurizio Mariani ([[An Iodáil]]) }} {{Cluiche sacair |data = 21 Meitheamh 2026 |am = {{Formáidiú ama|12:00|utc1=-4|utc2=+2}} |foireann1 = {{ESP sacar}} |scór = Cluiche 38 |tuairisc = [https://www.fifa.com/en/match-centre/match/17/285023/289273/400021483 Tuairisc] |foireann2 = {{KSA sacar}} |Cuil1 = |Cuil2 = |staid = [[Mercedes-Benz Stadium]], [[Atlanta]] |slua = |reiteoir = }} {{Cluiche sacair |data = 21 Meitheamh 2026 |am = {{Formáidiú ama|18:00|utc1=-4|utc2=+2}} |foireann1 = {{URU sacar}} |scór = Cluiche 37 |tuairisc = [https://www.fifa.com/en/match-centre/match/17/285023/289273/400021487 Tuairisc] |foireann2 = {{CPV sacar}} |Cuil1 = |Cuil2 = |staid = [[Hard Rock Stadium]], [[Miami Gardens (Miami-Dade County)|Miami Gardens]] |slua = |reiteoir = }} {{Cluiche sacair |data = 26 Meitheamh 2026 |am = {{Formáidiú ama|19:00|utc1=-5|utc2=+2}} |foireann1 = {{CPV sacar}} |scór = Cluiche 65 |tuairisc = [https://www.fifa.com/en/match-centre/match/17/285023/289273/400021485 Tuairisc] |foireann2 = {{KSA sacar}} |Cuil1 = |Cuil2 = |staid = [[NRG Stadium]], [[Houston]] |slua = |reiteoir = }} {{Cluiche sacair |data = 26 Meitheamh 2026 |am = {{Formáidiú ama|18:00|utc1=-6|utc2=+2}} |foireann1 = {{URU sacar}} |scór = Cluiche 66 |tuairisc = [https://www.fifa.com/en/match-centre/match/17/285023/289273/400021484 Tuairisc] |foireann2 = {{ESP sacar}} |Cuil1 = |Cuil2 = |staid = [[Estadio Akron]], [[Zapopan]] |slua = |reiteoir = }} === Grúpa I === {| class="wikitable" style=" text-align:left; font-size:95%" |- align=center bgcolor=#efefef !width=20|Áit !width=165|Tír !width=20|{{Leid uirlise|Im|Cluichí a imríodh}} !width=20|{{Leid uirlise|B|Buaite}} !width=20|{{Leid uirlise|Cs|Comhscóir}} !width=20|{{Leid uirlise|C|Caillte}} !width=20|{{Leid uirlise|CS|Líon na gcúl a scóráladh}} !width=20|{{Leid uirlise|CC|Líon na gcúl ina gcoinne}} !width=20|{{Leid uirlise|+/-|Difríocht}} !width=20|{{Leid uirlise|Ptí|Pointí}} |- style="background:#cfc;" | '''1''' |style="text-align:left;"|{{NOR sacar}} |1||1||0||0||4||1||+3||'''3''' |- style="background:#cfc;" | '''2''' |style="text-align:left;"|{{FRA sacar}} |1||1||0||0||3||1||+2||'''3''' |- | '''3''' |style="text-align:left;"|{{SEN sacar}} |1||0||0||1||1||3||-2||'''0''' |- | '''4''' |style="text-align:left;"|{{IRQ sacar}} |1||0||0||1||1||4||-3||'''0''' |} {{Cluiche sacair |data = 16 Meitheamh 2026 |am = {{Formáidiú ama|15:00|utc1=-4|utc2=+2}} |foireann1 = {{FRA sacar}} |scór = 3 - 1 |tuairisc = [https://www.fifa.com/en/match-centre/match/17/285023/289273/400021490 Tuairisc] |foireann2 = {{SEN sacar}} |Cuil1 = Mbappé {{cúl}} 66', 90+6' <br/>Barcola {{cúl}}82' |Cuil2 = Mbaye {{cúl}} 90+5' |staid = [[MetLife Stadium]], [[East Rutherford (New Jersey)|East Rutherford]] |slua = 80,545 |reiteoir = Alireza Faghani (an Astráil) }} {{Cluiche sacair |data = 16 Meitheamh 2026 |am = {{Formáidiú ama|18:00|utc1=-4|utc2=+2}} |foireann1 = {{IRQ sacar}} |scór = 1 - 4 |tuairisc = [https://www.fifa.com/en/match-centre/match/17/285023/289273/400021488 Tuairisc] |foireann2 = {{NOR sacar}} |Cuil1 = Hussein {{cúl}} 39' |Cuil2 = Haaland {{cúl}} 29', 43'<br/>Østigård {{cúl}} 76'<br/>Hussein {{cúl}} 90+6' (c.t.) |staid = [[Gillette Stadium]], [[Foxborough]] |slua = 63,106 |reiteoir = Pierre Atcho ([[An Ghabúin]]) }} {{Cluiche sacair |data = 22 Meitheamh 2026 |am = {{Formáidiú ama|17:00|utc1=-4|utc2=+2}} |foireann1 = {{FRA sacar}} |scór = Cluiche 42 |tuairisc = [https://www.fifa.com/en/match-centre/match/17/285023/289273/400021492 Tuairisc] |foireann2 = {{IRQ sacar}} |Cuil1 = |Cuil2 = |staid = [[Lincoln Financial Field]], [[Philadelphia (Pennsylvania)|Philadelphia]] |slua = |reiteoir = }} {{Cluiche sacair |data = 22 Meitheamh 2026 |am = {{Formáidiú ama|20:00|utc1=-4|utc2=+2}} |foireann1 = {{NOR sacar}} |scór = Cluiche 41 |tuairisc = [https://www.fifa.com/en/match-centre/match/17/285023/289273/400021491 Tuairisc] |foireann2 = {{SEN sacar}} |Cuil1 = |Cuil2 = |staid = [[MetLife Stadium]], [[East Rutherford (New Jersey)|East Rutherford]] |slua = |reiteoir = }} {{Cluiche sacair |data = 26 Meitheamh 2026 |am = {{Formáidiú ama|15:00|utc1=-4|utc2=+2}} |foireann1 = {{NOR sacar}} |scór = Cluiche 61 |tuairisc = [https://www.fifa.com/en/match-centre/match/17/285023/289273/400021489 Tuairisc] |foireann2 = {{FRA sacar}} |Cuil1 = |Cuil2 = |staid = [[Gillette Stadium]], [[Foxborough]] |slua = |reiteoir = }} {{Cluiche sacair |data = 26 Meitheamh 2026 |am = {{Formáidiú ama|15:00|utc1=-4|utc2=+2}} |foireann1 = {{SEN sacar}} |scór = Cluiche 62 |tuairisc = [https://www.fifa.com/en/match-centre/match/17/285023/289273/400021493 Tuairisc] |foireann2 = {{IRQ sacar}} |Cuil1 = |Cuil2 = |staid = [[BMO Field]], [[Toronto]] |slua = |reiteoir = }} === Grúpa J === {| class="wikitable" style=" text-align:left; font-size:95%" |- align=center bgcolor=#efefef !width=20|Áit !width=165|Tír !width=20|{{Leid uirlise|Im|Cluichí a imríodh}} !width=20|{{Leid uirlise|B|Buaite}} !width=20|{{Leid uirlise|Cs|Comhscóir}} !width=20|{{Leid uirlise|C|Caillte}} !width=20|{{Leid uirlise|CS|Líon na gcúl a scóráladh}} !width=20|{{Leid uirlise|CC|Líon na gcúl ina gcoinne}} !width=20|{{Leid uirlise|+/-|Difríocht}} !width=20|{{Leid uirlise|Ptí|Pointí}} |- style="background:#cfc;" | '''1''' |style="text-align:left;"|{{ARG sacar}} |1||1||0||0||3||0||+3||'''3''' |- style="background:#cfc;" | '''2''' |style="text-align:left;"|{{AUT sacar}} |1||1||0||0||3||1||+2||'''3''' |- | '''3''' |style="text-align:left;"|{{JOR sacar}} |1||0||0||1||1||3||-2||'''0''' |- | '''4''' |style="text-align:left;"|{{ALG sacar}} |1||0||0||1||0||3||-3||'''0''' |} {{Cluiche sacair |data = 16 Meitheamh 2026 |am = {{Formáidiú ama|20:00|utc1=-5|utc2=+2}} |foireann1 = {{ARG sacar}} |scór = 3 - 0 |tuairisc = [https://www.fifa.com/en/match-centre/match/17/285023/289273/400021496 Tuairisc] |foireann2 = {{ALG sacar}} |Cuil1 = [[Lionel Messi|Messi]] {{cúl}} 17', 60', 76' |Cuil2 = |staid = [[Arrowhead Stadium]], [[Kansas City (Missouri)|Kansas City]] |slua = 60,045 |reiteoir = Szymon Marciniak ([[An Pholainn]]) }} {{Cluiche sacair |data = 16 Meitheamh 2026 |am = {{Formáidiú ama|21:00|utc1=-7|utc2=+2}} |foireann1 = {{AUT sacar}} |scór = 3 - 1 |tuairisc = [https://www.fifa.com/en/match-centre/match/17/285023/289273/400021498 Tuairisc] |foireann2 = {{JOR sacar}} |Cuil1 = Schmid {{cúl}} 20' <br/>Al-Arab {{cúl}} 76' (c.t.)<br/>Arnautović {{cúl}} 90+12' (pion.) |Cuil2 = |staid = [[Levi's Stadium]], [[Santa Clara (Californië)|Santa Clara]] |slua = 68,527 |reiteoir = Dahane Beida ([[An Mháratáin]]) }} {{Cluiche sacair |data = 22 Meitheamh 2026 |am = {{Formáidiú ama|12:00|utc1=-5|utc2=+2}} |foireann1 = {{ARG sacar}} |scór = Cluiche 43 |tuairisc = [https://www.fifa.com/en/match-centre/match/17/285023/289273/400021494 Tuairisc] |foireann2 = {{AUT sacar}} |Cuil1 = |Cuil2 = |staid = [[AT&T Stadium]], [[Arlington (Texas)|Arlington]] |slua = |reiteoir = }} {{Cluiche sacair |data = 22 Meitheamh 2026 |am = {{Formáidiú ama|20:00|utc1=-7|utc2=+2}} |foireann1 = {{JOR sacar}} |scór = Cluiche 44 |tuairisc = [https://www.fifa.com/en/match-centre/match/17/285023/289273/400021499 Tuairisc] |foireann2 = {{ALG sacar}} |Cuil1 = |Cuil2 = |staid = [[Levi's Stadium]], [[Santa Clara (Californië)|Santa Clara]] |slua = |reiteoir = }} {{Cluiche sacair |data = 27 Meitheamh 2026 |am = {{Formáidiú ama|21:00|utc1=-5|utc2=+2}} |foireann1 = {{ALG sacar}} |scór = Cluiche 69 |tuairisc = [https://www.fifa.com/en/match-centre/match/17/285023/289273/400021497 Tuairisc] |foireann2 = {{AUT sacar}} |Cuil1 = |Cuil2 = |staid = [[Arrowhead Stadium]], [[Kansas City (Missouri)|Kansas City]] |slua = |reiteoir = }} {{Cluiche sacair |data = 27 Meitheamh 2026 |am = {{Formáidiú ama|21:00|utc1=-5|utc2=+2}} |foireann1 = {{JOR sacar}} |scór = Cluiche 70 |tuairisc = [https://www.fifa.com/en/match-centre/match/17/285023/289273/400021495 Tuairisc] |foireann2 = {{ARG sacar}} |Cuil1 = |Cuil2 = |staid = [[AT&T Stadium]], [[Arlington (Texas)|Arlington]] |slua = |reiteoir = }} === Grúpa K === {| class="wikitable" style=" text-align:left; font-size:95%" |- align=center bgcolor=#efefef !width=20|Áit !width=165|Tír !width=20|{{Leid uirlise|Im|Cluichí a imríodh}} !width=20|{{Leid uirlise|B|Buaite}} !width=20|{{Leid uirlise|Cs|Comhscóir}} !width=20|{{Leid uirlise|C|Caillte}} !width=20|{{Leid uirlise|CS|Líon na gcúl a scóráladh}} !width=20|{{Leid uirlise|CC|Líon na gcúl ina gcoinne}} !width=20|{{Leid uirlise|+/-|Difríocht}} !width=20|{{Leid uirlise|Ptí|Pointí}} |- style="background:#cfc;" | '''1''' |style="text-align:left;"|{{COL sacar}} |1||1||0||0||3||1||+2||'''3''' |- style="background:#cfc;" | '''2''' |style="text-align:left;"|{{COD sacar}} |1||0||1||0||1||1||0||'''1''' |- | '''3''' |style="text-align:left;"|{{POR sacar}} |1||0||1||0||1||1||+0||'''1''' |- | '''4''' |style="text-align:left;"|{{UZB sacar}} |1||0||0||1||1||3||-2||'''0''' |} {{Cluiche sacair |data = 17 Meitheamh 2026 |am = {{Formáidiú ama|12:00|utc1=-5|utc2=+2}} |foireann1 = {{POR sacar}} |scór = 1 -1 |tuairisc = [https://www.fifa.com/en/match-centre/match/17/285023/289273/400021502 Tuairisc] |foireann2 = {{COD sacar}} |Cuil1 = J. Neves {{cúl}} 6' |Cuil2 = Wissa {{cúl}} 45+5' |staid = [[NRG Stadium]], [[Houston]] |slua = 68,777 |reiteoir = Abdulrahman Al-Jassim ([[Catar]]) }} {{Cluiche sacair |data = 17 Meitheamh 2026 |am = {{Formáidiú ama|20:00|utc1=-6|utc2=+2}} |foireann1 = {{UZB sacar}} |scór = 1 - 3 |tuairisc = [https://www.fifa.com/en/match-centre/match/17/285023/289273/400021504 Tuairisc] |foireann2 = {{COL sacar}} |Cuil1 = Fayzullaev {{cúl}} 60' |Cuil2 = Muñoz {{cúl}} 40' <br/>Díaz {{cúl}} 65'<br/>Campaz {{cúl}} 90+9' |staid = [[Estadio Azteca]], [[Cathair Mheicsiceo]] |slua = 80,824 |reiteoir = Anthony Taylor ([[Sasana]]) }} {{Cluiche sacair |data = 23 Meitheamh 2026 |am = {{Formáidiú ama|12:00|utc1=-5|utc2=+2}} |foireann1 = {{POR sacar}} |scór = Cluiche 47 |tuairisc = [https://www.fifa.com/en/match-centre/match/17/285023/289273/400021503 Tuairisc] |foireann2 = {{UZB sacar}} |Cuil1 = |Cuil2 = |staid = [[NRG Stadium]], [[Houston]] |slua = |reiteoir = }} {{Cluiche sacair |data = 23 Meitheamh 2026 |am = {{Formáidiú ama|20:00|utc1=-6|utc2=+2}} |foireann1 = {{COL sacar}} |scór = Cluiche 48 |tuairisc = [https://www.fifa.com/en/match-centre/match/17/285023/289273/400021501 Tuairisc] |foireann2 = {{COD sacar}} |Cuil1 = |Cuil2 = |staid = [[Estadio Akron]], [[Zapopan]] |slua = |reiteoir = }} {{Cluiche sacair |data = 27 Meitheamh 2026 |am = {{Formáidiú ama|19:30|utc1=-4|utc2=+2}} |foireann1 = {{COL sacar}} |scór = Cluiche 71 |tuairisc = [https://www.fifa.com/en/match-centre/match/17/285023/289273/400021505 Tuairisc] |foireann2 = {{POR sacar}} |Cuil1 = |Cuil2 = |staid = [[Hard Rock Stadium]], [[Miami Gardens (Miami-Dade County)|Miami Gardens]] |slua = |reiteoir = }} {{Cluiche sacair |data = 27 Meitheamh 2026 |am = {{Formáidiú ama|19:30|utc1=-4|utc2=+2}} |foireann1 = {{COD sacar}} |scór = Cluiche 72 |tuairisc = [https://www.fifa.com/en/match-centre/match/17/285023/289273/400021500 Tuairisc] |foireann2 = {{UZB sacar}} |Cuil1 = |Cuil2 = |staid = [[Mercedes-Benz Stadium]], [[Atlanta]] |slua = |reiteoir = }} === Grúpa L === {| class="wikitable" style=" text-align:left; font-size:95%" |- align=center bgcolor=#efefef !width=20|Áit !width=165|Tír !width=20|{{Leid uirlise|Im|Cluichí a imríodh}} !width=20|{{Leid uirlise|B|Buaite}} !width=20|{{Leid uirlise|Cs|Comhscóir}} !width=20|{{Leid uirlise|C|Caillte}} !width=20|{{Leid uirlise|CS|Líon na gcúl a scóráladh}} !width=20|{{Leid uirlise|CC|Líon na gcúl ina gcoinne}} !width=20|{{Leid uirlise|+/-|Difríocht}} !width=20|{{Leid uirlise|Ptí|Pointí}} |- style="background:#cfc;" | '''1''' |style="text-align:left;"|{{ENG sacar}} |1||1||0||0||4||2||+2||'''3''' |- style="background:#cfc;" | '''2''' |style="text-align:left;"|{{GHA sacar}} |1||1||0||0||1||0||+1||'''3''' |- | '''3''' |style="text-align:left;"|{{PAN sacar}} |1||0||0||1||0||1||-1||'''0''' |- | '''4''' |style="text-align:left;"|{{CRO sacar}} |1||0||0||1||2||4||-2||'''0''' |} {{Cluiche sacair |data = 17 Meitheamh 2026 |am = {{Formáidiú ama|15:00|utc1=-5|utc2=+2}} |foireann1 = {{ENG sacar}} |scór = 4 - 2 |tuairisc = [https://www.fifa.com/en/match-centre/match/17/285023/289273/400021507 Tuairisc] |foireann2 = {{CRO sacar}} |Cuil1 = [[Harry Kane|Kane]] {{cúl}} 12' (pion.), 42' <br/>Bellingham {{cúl}} 47' <br/>Rashford {{cúl}} 85' |Cuil2 = Baturina {{cúl}} 36' <br/> Musa {{cúl}} 45+5' |staid = [[AT&T Stadium]], [[Arlington (Texas)|Arlington]] |slua = 70,389 |reiteoir = Clément Turpin ([[An Fhrainc]]) }} {{Cluiche sacair |data = 17 Meitheamh 2026 |am = {{Formáidiú ama|19:00|utc1=-4|utc2=+2}} |foireann1 = {{GHA sacar}} |scór = 1 - 0 |tuairisc = [https://www.fifa.com/en/match-centre/match/17/285023/289273/400021510 Tuairisc] |foireann2 = {{PAN sacar}} |Cuil1 = Yirenkyi {{cúl}} 90+5' |Cuil2 = |staid = [[BMO Field]], [[Toronto]] |slua = 42,942 |reiteoir = Glenn Nyberg (An tSualainn) }} {{Cluiche sacair |data = 23 Meitheamh 2026 |am = {{Formáidiú ama|16:00|utc1=-4|utc2=+2}} |foireann1 = {{ENG sacar}} |scór = Cluiche 45 |tuairisc = [https://www.fifa.com/en/match-centre/match/17/285023/289273/400021506 Tuairisc] |foireann2 = {{GHA sacar}} |Cuil1 = |Cuil2 = |staid = [[Gillette Stadium]], [[Foxborough]] |slua = |reiteoir = }} {{Cluiche sacair |data = 23 Meitheamh 2026 |am = {{Formáidiú ama|19:00|utc1=-4|utc2=+2}} |foireann1 = {{PAN sacar}} |scór = Cluiche 46 |tuairisc = [https://www.fifa.com/en/match-centre/match/17/285023/289273/400021511 Tuairisc] |foireann2 = {{CRO sacar}} |Cuil1 = |Cuil2 = |staid = [[BMO Field]], [[Toronto]] |slua = |reiteoir = }} {{Cluiche sacair |data = 27 Meitheamh 2026 |am = {{Formáidiú ama|17:00|utc1=-4|utc2=+2}} |foireann1 = {{PAN sacar}} |scór = Cluiche 67 |tuairisc = [https://www.fifa.com/en/match-centre/match/17/285023/289273/400021508 Tuairisc] |foireann2 = {{ENG sacar}} |Cuil1 = |Cuil2 = |staid = [[MetLife Stadium]], [[East Rutherford (New Jersey)|East Rutherford]] |slua = |reiteoir = }} {{Cluiche sacair |data = 27 Meitheamh 2026 |am = {{Formáidiú ama|17:00|utc1=-4|utc2=+2}} |foireann1 = {{CRO sacar}} |scór = Cluiche 68 |tuairisc = [https://www.fifa.com/en/match-centre/match/17/285023/289273/400021509 Tuairisc] |foireann2 = {{GHA sacar}} |Cuil1 = |Cuil2 = |staid = [[Lincoln Financial Field]], [[Philadelphia (Pennsylvania)|Philadelphia]] |slua = |reiteoir = }} === Tábla na dtríú tíortha is fearr sa tríú háit === == Babhtaí díbeartha == === An 32 deiridh === {{Cluiche sacair |data = 28 Meitheamh 2026 |am = |foireann1 = Dara hÁit i nGrúpa A |scór = Cluiche 73 |tuairisc = |foireann2 = Dara hÁit i nGrúpa B |Cuil1 = |Cuil2 = |staid = [[SoFi Stadium]], [[Inglewood (Californië)|Inglewood]] |slua = |reiteoir = }} {{Cluiche sacair |data = 29 Meitheamh 2026 |am = |foireann1 = Buaiteoir Ghrúpa E |scór = Cluiche 74 |tuairisc = |foireann2 = Tríú hÁit i nGrúpa A/B/C/D/F |Cuil1 = |Cuil2 = |staid = [[Gillette Stadium]], [[Foxborough]] |slua = |reiteoir = }} {{Cluiche sacair |data = 29 Meitheamh 2026 |am = |foireann1 = Buaiteoir Ghrúpa F |scór = Cluiche 75 |tuairisc = |foireann2 = Dara hÁit i nGrúpa C |Cuil1 = |Cuil2 = |staid = [[Estadio BBVA Bancomer]], [[Guadalupe (Nuevo León)|Guadalupe]] |slua = |reiteoir = }} {{Cluiche sacair |data = 29 Meitheamh 2026 |am = |foireann1 = Buaiteoir Ghrúpa C |scór = Cluiche 76 |tuairisc = |foireann2 = Dara hÁit i nGrúpa F |Cuil1 = |Cuil2 = |staid = [[NRG Stadium]], [[Houston]] |slua = |reiteoir = }} {{Cluiche sacair |data = 30 Meitheamh 2026 |am = |foireann1 = Buaiteoir Ghrúpa I |scór = Cluiche 77 |tuairisc = |foireann2 = Tríú hÁit i nGrúpa C/D/F/G/H |Cuil1 = |Cuil2 = |staid = [[MetLife Stadium]], [[East Rutherford (New Jersey)|East Rutherford]] |slua = |reiteoir = }} {{Cluiche sacair |data = 30 Meitheamh 2026 |am = |foireann1 = Dara hÁit i nGrúpa E |scór = Cluiche 78 |tuairisc = |foireann2 = Dara hÁit i nGrúpa I |Cuil1 = |Cuil2 = |staid = [[AT&T Stadium]], [[Arlington (Texas)|Arlington]] |slua = |reiteoir = }} {{Cluiche sacair |data = 30 Meitheamh 2026 |am = |foireann1 = Buaiteoir Ghrúpa A |scór = Cluiche 79 |tuairisc = |foireann2 = Tríú hÁit i nGrúpa C/E/F/H/I |Cuil1 = |Cuil2 = |staid = [[Estadio Azteca]], [[Cathair Mheicsiceo]] |slua = |reiteoir = }} {{Cluiche sacair |data = 1 Iúil 2026 |am = |foireann1 = Buaiteoir Ghrúpa L |scór = Cluiche 80 |tuairisc = |foireann2 = Tríú hÁit i nGrúpa E/H/I/J/K |Cuil1 = |Cuil2 = |staid = [[Mercedes-Benz Stadium]], [[Atlanta]] |slua = |reiteoir = }} {{Cluiche sacair |data = 1 Iúil 2026 |am = |foireann1 = Buaiteoir Ghrúpa D |scór = Cluiche 81 |tuairisc = |foireann2 = Tríú hÁit i nGrúpa B/E/F/I/J |Cuil1 = |Cuil2 = |staid = [[Levi's Stadium]], [[Santa Clara (Californië)|Santa Clara]] |slua = |reiteoir = }} {{Cluiche sacair |data = 1 Iúil 2026 |am = |foireann1 = Buaiteoir Ghrúpa G |scór = Cluiche 82 |tuairisc = |foireann2 = Tríú hÁit i nGrúpa A/E/H/I/J |Cuil1 = |Cuil2 = |staid = [[Lumen Field]], [[Seattle]] |slua = |reiteoir = }} {{Cluiche sacair |data = 2 Iúil 2026 |am = |foireann1 = Dara hÁit i nGrúpa K |scór = Cluiche 83 |tuairisc = |foireann2 = Dara hÁit i nGrúpa L |Cuil1 = |Cuil2 = |staid = [[BMO Field]], [[Toronto]] |slua = |reiteoir = }} {{Cluiche sacair |data = 2 Iúil 2026 |am = |foireann1 = Buaiteoir Ghrúpa H |scór = Cluiche 84 |tuairisc = |foireann2 = Dara hÁit i nGrúpa J |Cuil1 = |Cuil2 = |staid = [[SoFi Stadium]], [[Inglewood (Californië)|Inglewood]] |slua = |reiteoir = }} {{Cluiche sacair |data = 2 Iúil 2026 |am = |foireann1 = Buaiteoir Ghrúpa B |scór = Cluiche 85 |tuairisc = |foireann2 = Tríú hÁit i nGrúpa E/F/G/I/J |Cuil1 = |Cuil2 = |staid = [[BC Place Stadium]], [[Vancouver]] |slua = |reiteoir = }} {{Cluiche sacair |data = 3 Iúil 2026 |am = |foireann1 = Buaiteoir Ghrúpa J |scór = Cluiche 86 |tuairisc = |foireann2 = Dara hÁit i nGrúpa H |Cuil1 = |Cuil2 = |staid = [[Hard Rock Stadium]], [[Miami Gardens (Miami-Dade County)|Miami Gardens]] |slua = |reiteoir = }} {{Cluiche sacair |data = 3 Iúil 2026 |am = |foireann1 = Buaiteoir Ghrúpa K |scór = Cluiche 87 |tuairisc = |foireann2 = Tríú hÁit i nGrúpa D/E/I/J/L |Cuil1 = |Cuil2 = |staid = [[Arrowhead Stadium]], [[Kansas City (Missouri)|Kansas City]] |slua = |reiteoir = }} {{Cluiche sacair |data = 3 Iúil 2026 |am = |foireann1 = Dara hÁit i nGrúpa D |scór = Cluiche 88 |tuairisc = |foireann2 = Dara hÁit i nGrúpa G |Cuil1 = |Cuil2 = |staid = [[AT&T Stadium]], [[Arlington (Texas)|Arlington]] |slua = |reiteoir = }} === Ochtú ceannais === {{Cluiche sacair |data = 4 Iúil 2026 |am = |foireann1 = Buaiteoir Chluiche 74 |scór = Cluiche 89 |tuairisc = |foireann2 = Buaiteoir Chluiche 77 |Cuil1 = |Cuil2 = |staid = [[Lincoln Financial Field]], [[Philadelphia (Pennsylvania)|Philadelphia]] |slua = |reiteoir = }} {{Cluiche sacair |data = 4 Iúil 2026 |am = |foireann1 = Buaiteoir Chluiche 73 |scór = Cluiche 90 |tuairisc = |foireann2 = Buaiteoir Chluiche 75 |Cuil1 = |Cuil2 = |staid = [[NRG Stadium]], [[Houston]] |slua = |reiteoir = }} {{Cluiche sacair |data = 5 Iúil 2026 |am = |foireann1 = Buaiteoir Chluiche 76 |scór = Cluiche 91 |tuairisc = |foireann2 = Buaiteoir Chluiche 78 |Cuil1 = |Cuil2 = |staid = [[MetLife Stadium]], [[East Rutherford (New Jersey)|East Rutherford]] |slua = |reiteoir = }} {{Cluiche sacair |data = 5 Iúil 2026 |am = |foireann1 = Buaiteoir Chluiche 79 |scór = Cluiche 92 |tuairisc = |foireann2 = Buaiteoir Chluiche 80 |Cuil1 = |Cuil2 = |staid = [[Estadio Azteca]], [[Cathair Mheicsiceo]] |slua = |reiteoir = }} {{Cluiche sacair |data = 6 Iúil 2026 |am = |foireann1 = Buaiteoir Chluiche 83 |scór = Cluiche 93 |tuairisc = |foireann2 = Buaiteoir Chluiche 84 |Cuil1 = |Cuil2 = |staid = [[AT&T Stadium]], [[Arlington (Texas)|Arlington]] |slua = |reiteoir = }} {{Cluiche sacair |data = 6 Iúil 2026 |am = |foireann1 = Buaiteoir Chluiche 81 |scór = Cluiche 94 |tuairisc = |foireann2 = Buaiteoir Chluiche 82 |Cuil1 = |Cuil2 = |staid = [[Lumen Field]], [[Seattle]] |slua = |reiteoir = }} {{Cluiche sacair |data = 7 Iúil 2026 |am = |foireann1 = Buaiteoir Chluiche 86 |scór = Cluiche 95 |tuairisc = |foireann2 = Buaiteoir Chluiche 88 |Cuil1 = |Cuil2 = |staid = [[Mercedes-Benz Stadium]], [[Atlanta]] |slua = |reiteoir = }} {{Cluiche sacair |data = 7 Iúil 2026 |am = |foireann1 = Buaiteoir Chluiche 85 |scór = Cluiche 96 |tuairisc = |foireann2 = Buaiteoir Chluiche 87 |Cuil1 = |Cuil2 = |staid = [[BC Place Stadium]], [[Vancouver]] |slua = |reiteoir = }} === Ceathrú ceannais === {{Cluiche sacair |data = 9 Iúil 2026 |am = |foireann1 = Buaiteoir Chluiche 89 |scór = Cluiche 97 |tuairisc = |foireann2 = Buaiteoir Chluiche 90 |Cuil1 = |Cuil2 = |staid = [[Gillette Stadium]], [[Foxborough]] |slua = |reiteoir = }} {{Cluiche sacair |data = 10 Iúil 2026 |am = |foireann1 = Buaiteoir Chluiche 93 |scór = Cluiche 98 |tuairisc = |foireann2 = Buaiteoir Chluiche 94 |Cuil1 = |Cuil2 = |staid = [[SoFi Stadium]], [[Inglewood (Californië)|Inglewood]] |slua = |reiteoir = }} {{Cluiche sacair |data = 11 Iúil 2026 |am = |foireann1 = Buaiteoir Chluiche 91 |scór = Cluiche 99 |tuairisc = |foireann2 = Buaiteoir Chluiche 92 |Cuil1 = |Cuil2 = |staid = [[Hard Rock Stadium]], [[Miami Gardens (Miami-Dade County)|Miami Gardens]] |slua = |reiteoir = }} {{Cluiche sacair |data = 11 Iúil 2026 |am = |foireann1 = Buaiteoir Chluiche 95 |scór = Cluiche 100 |tuairisc = |foireann2 = Buaiteoir Chluiche 96 |Cuil1 = |Cuil2 = |staid = [[Arrowhead Stadium]], [[Kansas City (Missouri)|Kansas City]] |slua = |reiteoir = }} === Leathcheannais === {{Cluiche sacair |data = 14 Iúil 2026 |am = |foireann1 = Buaiteoir Chluiche 97 |scór = Cluiche 101 |tuairisc = |foireann2 = Buaiteoir Chluiche 98 |Cuil1 = |Cuil2 = |staid = [[AT&T Stadium]], [[Arlington (Texas)|Arlington]] |slua = |reiteoir = }} {{Cluiche sacair |data = 15 Iúil 2026 |am = |foireann1 = Buaiteoir Chluiche 99 |scór = Cluiche 102 |tuairisc = |foireann2 = Buaiteoir Chluiche 100 |Cuil1 = |Cuil2 = |staid = [[Mercedes-Benz Stadium]], [[Atlanta]] |slua = |reiteoir = }} === 3ú hÁit === {{Cluiche sacair |data = 18 Iúil 2026 |am = |foireann1 = Caillteoir Chluiche101 |scór = Cluiche 103 |tuairisc = |foireann2 = Caillteoir Chluiche102 |Cuil1 = |Cuil2 = |staid = [[Hard Rock Stadium]], [[Miami Gardens (Miami-Dade County)|Miami Gardens]] |slua = |reiteoir = }} === Cluiche ceannais === {{Cluiche sacair |data = 19 Iúil 2026 |am = |foireann1 = Buaiteoir Chluiche 101 |scór = Cluiche 104 |tuairisc = |foireann2 = Buaiteoir Chluiche 102 |Cuil1 = |Cuil2 = |staid = [[MetLife Stadium]], [[East Rutherford (New Jersey)|East Rutherford]] |slua = |reiteoir = }} == Féach freisin == * [[Corn FIFA an Domhain 2026 - Grúpa Cáilithe F de chuid UEFA]] * [[Corn FIFA an Domhain 2022|Corn an Domhain 2022]] i gCatar * Scannal [[Omar Artan]], réiteoir [[Sacar|sacair]] [[An tSomáil|Somálach]], curtha ó dhoras ag oifigigh inimirce Mheiriceá tar éis dó leaindeáil in Miami == Tagairtí == {{reflist}} [[Catagóir:Corn FIFA an Domhain 2026]] g1eaxedxvdup3zp9c82otdfgz2opbh8 0 125149 1318164 1306858 2026-06-21T09:13:41Z CommonsDelinker 440 Ag baint [[:Íomhá:20140119152306IMG_6292_-_Yukicon_2014_-_matiast1.jpg|20140119152306IMG_6292_-_Yukicon_2014_-_matiast1.jpg]] amach, agus ag chur [[:Íomhá:Cosplay_of_Sayaka_Maizono_from_Danganronpa;_Trigger_Happy_Havoc_at_Yukicon_2014_(20140119152306IMG_6 1318164 wikitext text/x-wiki {{WD Bosca Sonraí Carachtar}} [[Íomhá:Cosplay of Sayaka Maizono from Danganronpa; Trigger Happy Havoc at Yukicon 2014 (20140119152306IMG 6292 - Yukicon 2014 - matiast1).jpg|mion|clé]] Carachtar de chuid ''[[Danganronpa]]'' is ea '''Sayaka Maizono''' ('''Ultimate Pop Sensation'''; '''Super-High-School-Level Idol'''). == Cluichí físeáin == * ''[[Danganronpa: Trigger Happy Havoc]]'' * ''[[Danganronpa: Unlimited Battle]]'' * ''[[Cyber Danganronpa VR: The Class Trial]]'' * ''[[Danganronpa S: Ultimate Summer Camp]]'' == Liosta leabhair == * ''[[Danganronpa Zero]]'' * ''[[Danganronpa Togami]]'' == Anime == * ''[[Danganronpa: The Animation]]'' * ''[[Danganronpa 3: The End of Hope's Peak High School]]'' == Tagairtí == {{reflist}} {{Danganronpa}} {{síol-carachtar}} [[Catagóir:Danganronpa]] [[Catagóir:Carachtair fhicseanúla]] cpf866ahbspokzegpcx8lk6yrm6e4sr 0 125150 1318152 1306859 2026-06-21T00:20:29Z Trade 11902 ([[c:GR|GR]]) [[c:COM:FR|File renamed]]: [[File:20140119152304IMG 6289 - Yukicon 2014 - matiast1.jpg]] → [[File:Cosplay of Leon Kuwata from Danganronpa; Trigger Happy Havoc at Yukicon 2014 (20140119152304IMG 6289 - Yukicon 2014 - matiast1).jpg]] 1318152 wikitext text/x-wiki {{WD Bosca Sonraí Carachtar}} [[Íomhá:Cosplay of Leon Kuwata from Danganronpa; Trigger Happy Havoc at Yukicon 2014 (20140119152304IMG 6289 - Yukicon 2014 - matiast1).jpg|mion|clé]] Carachtar de chuid ''[[Danganronpa]]'' is ea '''Leon Kuwata''' ('''Ultimate Baseball Star'''; '''Super-High-School-Level Baseball Player'''). == Cluichí físeáin == * ''[[Danganronpa: Trigger Happy Havoc]]'' * ''[[Danganronpa: Unlimited Battle]]'' * ''[[Cyber Danganronpa VR: The Class Trial]]'' * ''[[Danganronpa S: Ultimate Summer Camp]]'' == Liosta leabhair == * ''[[Danganronpa Zero]]'' * ''[[Danganronpa Togami]]'' == Anime == * ''[[Danganronpa: The Animation]]'' * ''[[Danganronpa 3: The End of Hope's Peak High School]]'' == Tagairtí == {{reflist}} {{Danganronpa}} {{síol-carachtar}} [[Catagóir:Danganronpa]] [[Catagóir:Carachtair fhicseanúla]] al52qhs5980mzotjveqoz6ifpqlqxme 1318154 1318152 2026-06-21T00:21:34Z Trade 11902 1318154 wikitext text/x-wiki {{WD Bosca Sonraí Carachtar}} Carachtar de chuid ''[[Danganronpa]]'' is ea '''Leon Kuwata''' ('''Ultimate Baseball Star'''; '''Super-High-School-Level Baseball Player'''). == Cluichí físeáin == * ''[[Danganronpa: Trigger Happy Havoc]]'' * ''[[Danganronpa: Unlimited Battle]]'' * ''[[Cyber Danganronpa VR: The Class Trial]]'' * ''[[Danganronpa S: Ultimate Summer Camp]]'' == Liosta leabhair == * ''[[Danganronpa Zero]]'' * ''[[Danganronpa Togami]]'' == Anime == * ''[[Danganronpa: The Animation]]'' * ''[[Danganronpa 3: The End of Hope's Peak High School]]'' == Tagairtí == {{reflist}} {{Danganronpa}} {{síol-carachtar}} [[Catagóir:Danganronpa]] [[Catagóir:Carachtair fhicseanúla]] jq61e4lqyz1bagq45tve8vsb4vox65z 0 125153 1318151 1306867 2026-06-21T00:09:33Z Trade 11902 1318151 wikitext text/x-wiki {{WD Bosca Sonraí Carachtar}} Carachtar de chuid ''[[Danganronpa]]'' is ea '''Nagito Komaeda''' ('''Ultimate Lucky Student'''; '''Super-High-School-Level Good Luck'''; '''The Servant'''). == Cluichí físeáin == * ''[[Danganronpa 2: Goodbye Despair]]'' * ''[[Danganronpa Another Episode: Ultra Despair Girls]]'' * ''[[Danganronpa S: Ultimate Summer Camp]]'' * ''[[Danganronpa 2×2]]'' == Liosta leabhair == * ''[[Genocider Mode]]'' * ''[[Danganronpa Togami]]'' == Anime == * ''[[Danganronpa: The Animation]]'' * ''[[Danganronpa 3: The End of Hope's Peak High School]]'' == Tagairtí == {{reflist}} {{Danganronpa}} {{síol-carachtar}} [[Catagóir:Danganronpa]] [[Catagóir:Carachtair fhicseanúla]] apeeb31znnmec8f4vjwns5hnggkdkp8 0 125156 1318147 1306869 2026-06-20T23:26:14Z Trade 11902 ([[c:GR|GR]]) [[c:COM:FR|File renamed]]: [[File:Unidentified cosplay at Anime North 2013 (8861144490).jpg]] → [[File:Cosplay of Sonia Nevermind from Danganronpa 2; Goodbye Despair at Anime North 2013 (8861144490).jpg]] 1318147 wikitext text/x-wiki {{WD Bosca Sonraí Carachtar}} [[Íomhá:Cosplay of Sonia Nevermind from Danganronpa 2; Goodbye Despair at Anime North 2013 (8861144490).jpg|mion|clé]] Carachtar de chuid ''[[Danganronpa]]'' is ea '''Sonia Nevermind''' ('''Ultimate Princess'''; '''Super-High-School-Level Princess'''). == Cluichí físeáin == * ''[[Danganronpa 2: Goodbye Despair]]'' * ''[[Danganronpa Another Episode: Ultra Despair Girls]]'' * ''[[Danganronpa S: Ultimate Summer Camp]]'' * ''[[Danganronpa 2×2]]'' == Liosta leabhair == * ''[[Danganronpa Togami]]'' == Anime == * ''[[Danganronpa: The Animation]]'' * ''[[Danganronpa 3: The End of Hope's Peak High School]]'' == Tagairtí == {{reflist}} {{Danganronpa}} {{síol-carachtar}} [[Catagóir:Danganronpa]] [[Catagóir:Carachtair fhicseanúla]] 49e998sghr2xmqmqrutkbca2x8fa2iv 0 125158 1318148 1306871 2026-06-20T23:32:38Z Trade 11902 1318148 wikitext text/x-wiki {{WD Bosca Sonraí Carachtar}} Carachtar de chuid ''[[Danganronpa]]'' is ea '''Akane Owari''' ('''Ultimate Gymnast'''; '''Super-High-School-Level Gymnast'''). == Cluichí físeáin == * ''[[Danganronpa 2: Goodbye Despair]]'' * ''[[Danganronpa S: Ultimate Summer Camp]]'' * ''[[Danganronpa 2×2]]'' == Tagairtí == {{reflist}} {{Danganronpa}} {{síol-carachtar}} [[Catagóir:Danganronpa]] [[Catagóir:Carachtair fhicseanúla]] rinjyi4t8vi779nruiulke75ft0lshf 0 126743 1318104 1316742 2026-06-20T15:22:17Z InternetArchiveBot 47196 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1318104 wikitext text/x-wiki {{WD Bosca Sonraí Duine}} Ba mhac léinn é '''Hans Scholl '''( Ingersheim, 22 Meán Fómhair, 1918 – [[München]], 22 Feabhra, 1943 a bhí ina bhall de Fhriotaíocht na Gearmáine i gcoinne an Naitsíochais, le linn [[an Dara Cogadh Domhanda]], agus crann taca an ghrúpa ''Die Weiße Rose'' (an [[Weiße Rose|Rós Bán]]). Dícheannadh é in éineacht lena dheirfiúr agus baill eile den ghrúpa.<ref name="BBC2">{{cita web|url=https://www.bbc.com/mundo/noticias/2013/02/130223_cultura_movimiento_aleman_rosa_blanca_bd|título=Los jóvenes alemanes que intentaron derrocar a Hitler|fechaacceso=2026-05-10|sitioweb=BBC News Mundo|idioma=español}}</ref> == Beathaisnéis == [[Íomhá:Scholl-Denkmal,_München_(Zuschnitt).jpg|clé|mion|Leacht cuimhneacháin sa Chearnóg a bhfuil ainmneacha Hans agus Sophie Scholl air.]] Rugadh Hans Scholl i dteaghlach [[Liútarachas|Liútarach]] meánaicmeach i München. Ina dhéagóir, in aghaidh chomhairle a athar, a raibh gráin aige ar [[Naitsíochas|an Naitsíochas]], chuaigh Hans isteach in Die '''Hitlerjugend''' (Ógra Hitler) . Níorbh fhada gur tháinig díomá air le réimeas na Naitsithe, agus é ag breathnú ar a fhoréigean follasach agus a údarásachas. Ó 1939 i leith, rinne sé staidéar ar leigheas in Ollscoil München agus dhiúltaigh sé páirt a ghlacadh i ngníomhaíochtaí a thacaigh le réimeas Hitler, agus b'fhearr leis a bheith i gcuideachta daoine óga eile a bhí i gcoinne an rialtais. Nuair a thosaigh [[an Dara Cogadh Domhanda]], cuireadh i mbun seirbhíse mar chúntóir leighis é agus é fós ina mhac léinn ollscoile, ach ní go dtí an 22 Meitheamh 1942 a cuireadh é chun fónaimh in ospidéil mhíleata den "Fronta Thoir" sa [[An Rúis|Rúis]] agus [[An Úcráin|san Úcráin]] ar feadh cúpla mí go dtí an 22 Meitheamh 1942, áit a bhféadfadh sé sonraí a fhoghlaim faoi choireanna cogaidh an [[SS]] . Ar ais sa Ghearmáin, chuaigh Hans Scholl isteach i ngluaiseacht fhrithbheartaíochta fhulangach ar a dtugtaí ''Die Weiße Rose'' ({{Lang-ga|An Rós Bán}}), ag priontáil bileog agus paimfléad frith-Naitsíoch le le dáileadh go rúnda i München. Nuair a tháinig na póilíní air ag an ngníomhaíocht seo an 18 Feabhra 1943, gabhadh é in Ollscoil München in éineacht lena dheirfiúr[[Sophie Scholl|, Sophie Scholl]] . Sa triail achomair os comhair ''Chúirt an Phobail'' ( Volksgerichtshof ), gearradh pianbhreith báis ar Hans agus Sophie as tréas, nuair a tháinig ábhar na bpaifléad a gabhadh ó na Scholl chun solais, inar iarradh ar an bpobal sibhialta Gearmánach seasamh in aghaidh an rialtais agus inar tugadh cuntas ar an bhforéigean a rinne an SS san Oirthear.. An lá sular dícheannadh é, dúirt Hans Scholl leis an mBreitheamh [[Roland Freisler]], Naitsí fanaiceach, "I gceann tamaill bhig, is tusa a bheidh inár n-áitne." [[Gilitín|Cuireadh chun báis]] é ar an 22 Feabhra 1943, i ndiaidh a dheirféar, i bPríosún Stadelheim, ag an chéastúnach Johann Reichhart. == Scannáin == * '''Die weiße Rose''' (Michael Verhoeven) * '''Sophie Scholl - Die letzten Tage''', ainmnithe le haghaidh [[Duaiseanna an Acadaimh|Oscar]] don scannán eachtrach is fearr. == Litríocht == * Inge Scholl: ''Die Weiße Rose'' . Fischer Verlag, Frankfurt am Main 1994, ISBN 3-596-11802-6 * Harald Steffahn: ''Die Weiße Rose'' . Rowohlt, Reinbek 1992, ISBN 3-499-50498-7 * Fritz Schmidt: ''In Ulm, um Ulm und um Ulm herum.'' ''1933–1938'', in: ders., dj.1.11- Triológ. Éadan 2005 * Eckard Holler: ''Hans Scholl zwischen Hitlerjugend und dj.1.11 – Die Ulmer Trabanten'' . Verlag der Jugendbewegung == Féach freisin == * Geschwister-Scholl-Preis, duais liteartha a bunaíodh chun cuimhne aige: Duais Scholl Brothers == Tagairtí == {{Reflist}} == Naisc sheachtracha == {{Cómhaoin}} * [http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/Holocaust/rose.html The White Rose: A Lesson in Dissent by Jacob G. Hornberger] * [http://www.whiterosesociety.org/WRS_pamphlets_home.html Text of leaflets in English] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170317210236/http://www.whiterosesociety.org/WRS_pamphlets_home.html |date=2017-03-17 }} * [http://www.nytimes.com/1986/08/17/books/students-against-the-reich.html?sec=&spon=&pagewanted=all NYT artículo] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20160306115824/http://weisse-rose-stiftung.de/fkt_standard2.php?aktion=ls&ma=cs&c_id=mamura&id=08569437&page=1&topic=013&mod=2〈=de Biografie von Hans Scholl] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20090213151426/http://www.br-online.de/kultur/film/film-und-geschichte-DID1197987822107/index.xml BR-Online Themenbereich mit Informationen zum Film "Sophie Scholl - die letzten Tage"] * [http://www.spiegel.de/panorama/zeitgeschichte/0,1518,436915,00.html Eine provoziernende Auseinandersetzung mit den Geschwistern Scholl] * [http://hsozkult.geschichte.hu-berlin.de/rezensionen/id=8293&type=rezbuecher&sort=datum&order=down&search=zankel Rezension S. Zankel: Die "Weisse Rose" war nur der Anfang] * [http://www.fkoester.de/kreiten/freisler/seite7.html Informationen zum Prozess gegen die Geschwister Scholl/die Widerstandsgruppe ''Die Weiße Rose'' vor dem "Volksgerichtshof"; Unterseite einer Dokumentation über deren Richter Roland Freisler] [[Catagóir:Fir]] [[Catagóir:Baill den Fhriotaíocht Ghearmánach]] [[Catagóir:Mic Léinn Ollscoil München]] [[Catagóir:Íospartaigh Cheartais na Naitsithe]] [[Catagóir:Cuireadh chun báis le Gilitín]] [[Catagóir:Cuireadh chun báis ón nGearmáin]] [[Catagóir:Protastúnaigh ón nGearmáin]] rmvcvghku69irlhgyon8r80qsxv8n3m 0 126871 1318129 1318062 2026-06-20T22:08:07Z TGcoa 21229 1318129 wikitext text/x-wiki {{WD Bosca Sonraí Duine}} [[Íomhá:The English Irish dictionary Fleuron T153989-5.png|clé|mion|220x220px|Fleuron an fhoclóra, agus é scríofa: ''"An focloir bearla Gaoidheilge. Ar na chur a neagar le Conchobar o Beaglaoich mar don le congnamh Aodh bhridhe mac Cuirtin agus fós."'']] [[Íomhá:The English Irish dictionary Fleuron T153989-3.png|clé|mion|220x220px|Fleuron eile]] [[Íomhá:P1010808 Paris V Rue des Irlandais Collège des Irlandais reductwk.JPG|clé|mion|220x220px|Clós, Collège des Irlandais ]] Sagart Éireannach agus foclóirí ba ea '''Conchubhar Ó Beaglaoich, Tadhg Ó Beaglaoich'''<ref>i mBéarla, '''Conor Begley''' nó '''Thadée Begley''' Deir ainm.ie: Tuairimíonn Vincent Morley go raibh beirt den sloinne ‘Ó Beaglaoich’ ag obair sa pharóiste chéanna, agus an t-eolas a bhí ag Hayes ar Thadhg gur leag sé ar Chonchubhar é trí dhearmad – nó gur tharla, b‘fhéidir, Tadhg agus Conchubhar araon mar ainmneacha baiste ar fhear díobh. </ref> (''floruit'', .i. "faoi bhláth" timpeall na bliana 1718-1732).<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.ainm.ie/Bio.aspx?ID=1396|teideal=Ó BEAGLAOICH, Conchubhar (fl.1732)|language=ga-IE|work=ainm.ie|dátarochtana=2026-06-19}}</ref> Foilsíodh [[Foclóir Uí Bheaglaoich]] i bPáras sa bhliain 1732.<ref>{{Lua idirlín|teideal=Páras agus an chéad fhoclóir Béarla-Gaeilge riamh|url=https://archives-en.centreculturelirlandais.com/online-exhibitions/paras-agus-an-chead-fhocloir-bearla-gaeilge-riamh|work=archives-en.centreculturelirlandais.com|dátarochtana=2026-06-20}}</ref> === Saol === Is beag eolas atá againn ar Chonchubhar Ó Beaglaoich, seachas a dtugann Aodh Buí Mac Cruitín sa dán a chuir sé leis an réamhrá san fhoclóir. Bhí sé ina oide i 1718–19 ag teaghlach an Chunta Daniel O’Mahony, laoch Cremona, agus a bhí ina shagart i bparóiste St. Germain-L’Auxerrois faoi Lúnasa 1720. Thug Richard Hayes (trí chatalóg De Búrca): gur 'Abbé' agus dochtúir den Sorbonne ba ea é.<ref>Richard Hayes, Biographical dictionary of Irishmen in France, 1949</ref><ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=A Biographical Dictionary Of Irishmen In France. By Richard Hayes. Pp. 232. Dublin: Gill. 1949. 15s.|url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/irish-historical-studies/article/abs/biographical-dictionary-of-irishmen-in-france-by-richard-hayes-pp-232-dublin-gill-1949-15s/2008C2D8C797ECB0E31C5AC4F0947339|journal=Irish Historical Studies|date=1950-09|issn=0021-1214|pages=122–124|volume=7|issue=26|doi=10.1017/S0021121400030613|language=en|author=Nuala Costello}}</ref> === An fhoclóir === I réamhrá d’Fhoclóir Uí Bheaglaoich, d’impigh an t-údar ar mhuintir na hÉireann an teanga a chaomhnú. Cháin sé an drochmheas a bhí ag réimeas Shasana ar an nGaeilge agus mhaígh sé, in ainneoin na gcéadta bliain de mheath, go raibh an Ghaeilge chomh hálainn agus chomh ceolmhar is a bhí le fáil. Maidir le saibhreas agus áilleacht na Gaeilge, mhol sé athbheochan.<ref>‘[T]he Irish Gentry have therefore Opportunities enough, still left, for recovering and preserving their Mother-Language, and consequently, are without the least colour of excuse if they shamefully continue to neglect it.’</ref><ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://tuairisc.ie/dialann-tuairisc-focloir-ui-bheaglaoich-fillte-ar-pharas-an-la-is-faide-sa-mbliain-anseo-cheana-fein/|teideal=DIALANN TUAIRISC: Foclóir Uí Bheaglaoich fillte ar Pháras {{!}} An lá is faide sa mbliain anseo cheana féin|údar=Bridget Bhreathnach|dáta=18 Meitheamh 2026|language=ga-IE|work=Tuairisc.ie|dátarochtana=2026-06-19}}</ref> Bhí súil aige go gcabhródh a fhoclóir leis an teanga a athbheochan agus lena stádas a neartú i measc mhuintir na hÉireann féin. == Féach freisin == * [[Coláiste na nÉireannach i bPáras]] * [[Foclóir Uí Bheaglaoich]], ''[[An Focloir Bearla Gaoidheilge]]'' * [[Foclóireacht na Gaeilge]] * [[Aodh Buí Mac Cruitín]] == Tagairtí == {{reflist}} [[Catagóir:Coláiste na nGael, Páras]] [[Catagóir:Sagairt Éireannacha]] [[Catagóir:Sagairt Chaitliceacha]] [[Catagóir:Foclóirithe Gaeilge]] [[Catagóir:Daoine a rugadh sa 17ú haois]] [[Catagóir:Básanna sa 18ú haois]] 7jxgwcaej28kouhl3oba9cbipqjsbg7 0 126876 1318087 2026-06-20T12:30:47Z TGcoa 21229 Bhog TGcoa an leathanach [[Proinnsias Táiliúr]] go [[Proinsias Táilliúir (mairtír)]] 1318087 wikitext text/x-wiki #athsheoladh [[Proinsias Táilliúir (mairtír)]] h38i9440thkvv7jfqb47jgs4vrh8fq0 0 126877 1318089 2026-06-20T12:32:42Z TGcoa 21229 Bhog TGcoa an leathanach [[Proinsias Táilliúir (mairtír)]] go [[Proinsias Táilliúir (mairtíreach)]] 1318089 wikitext text/x-wiki #athsheoladh [[Proinsias Táilliúir (mairtíreach)]] f4gg06316vfnqeupmiluepiwhrdj4gg 0 126878 1318093 2026-06-20T12:35:53Z TGcoa 21229 Ag athdhíriú go [[Proinsias Táilliúir (mairtíreach)]] 1318093 wikitext text/x-wiki #athsheoladh[[Proinsias Táilliúir (mairtíreach)]] i9y06nhksw5wpqhtnvnjq2303vpe71l 0 126879 1318128 2026-06-20T21:32:39Z ~2026-35991-06 75216 N 1318128 wikitext text/x-wiki {{WD Bosca Sonraí Duine}} B'aisteoir [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá|Meiriceánach]] é '''Max Gordon Showalter''' (2 Meitheamh 1917 – 30 Iúil 2000). {{Síol}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Showalter, Max}} [[Catagóir:Daoine a rugadh i 1917]] [[Catagóir:Básanna in 2000]] [[Catagóir:Aisteoirí Meiriceánacha]] qhyz64n1e3t1kwhcn92vv2y36b6l663 0 126880 1318139 2026-06-20T22:38:24Z TGcoa 21229 Leathanach cruthaithe le '{{WD Bosca Sonraí Duine}} Ciontóir gnéis agus cóitseálaí cispheile as [[Port Láirge]] ba ea '''Bill Kenneally''' ( - 18 Meitheamh 2026). Ciontaíodh é as mí-úsáid gnéis a dhéanamh ar bhuachaillí i bPort Láirge. '''1980idí''' D'admhaigh Bill Kenneally go raibh ionsaithe gnéasacha déanta aige ar bhuachaillí nuair a cheistigh Gardaí sinsearacha é i 1987. Mhaígh sé ina dhiaidh sin gur thug sé ainmneacha seachtar buachaillí do na Gardaí...' 1318139 wikitext text/x-wiki {{WD Bosca Sonraí Duine}} Ciontóir gnéis agus cóitseálaí cispheile as [[Port Láirge]] ba ea '''Bill Kenneally''' ( - 18 Meitheamh 2026). Ciontaíodh é as mí-úsáid gnéis a dhéanamh ar bhuachaillí i bPort Láirge. '''1980idí''' D'admhaigh Bill Kenneally go raibh ionsaithe gnéasacha déanta aige ar bhuachaillí nuair a cheistigh Gardaí sinsearacha é i 1987. Mhaígh sé ina dhiaidh sin gur thug sé ainmneacha seachtar buachaillí do na Gardaí ag an am. Níor cúisíodh é in aon chion ag an am, ámh, agus lean sé air ag déanamh ionsaithe gnéasacha ar bhuachaillí. '''2012''' Níor labhair na Gardaí arís leis go dtí 2012 nuair a rinne duine de na buachaillí gearán. Is faoi mhí-úsáid gnéis a dhéanamh ar chúig bhuachaill déag a cuireadh i bpríosún é, cé go greideann na Gardaí go ndeana sé mí-úsáid ar bhuachaillí eile chomh maith, ceithre dhuine dhéag ar a laghad, dar leo. '''2026''' Fuair Bill Kenneally bás i bPríosún Lár na Tíre i bPort Laoise, áit a raibh téarma naoi mbliana déag á chur isteach aige. Bhí deich mbliana de théarma príosúin naoi mbliana déag curtha isteach ag Bill Kenneally agus bhí sé le scaoileadh saor in 2030. 75 bliain d'aois a bhí Bill Kenneally agus bhí sé faoi chúram maolaitheach sa phríosún le tamall. '''Tuarascáil''' Dúradh i dtuarascáil a foilsíodh an tseachtain seo caite go ndearna oifigigh shinsearacha sa Gharda Síochána "faillí shoiléir agus thromchúiseach ina ndualgas" i 1987 agus i 1988 nuair nár fhiosraigh siad i gceart na coireanna a rinne Bill Kenneally sna 1980idí. Dúradh gur mhór an fhaillí í de réir ghnáis na linne féin, gan trácht ar ghnáis an lae inniu. Chomh maith leis na Gardaí, cáintear sa tuarascáil col ceathar Bill Kenneally, an t-iarTheachta Dála Brendan Kenneally ó Fhianna Fáil, as gan teagmháil a dhéanamh leis na gníomhaireachtaí cosanta leanaí in 2001, tráth ar tarraingíodh a aird ar a raibh déanta ag a fhear gaoil. D'fhógair an tAire Dlí agus Cirt Jim O'Callaghan go ngabhfadh an Stát leithscéal iomlán agus foirmiúil leis na híospartaigh as an éagóir a rinne feidhmeannaigh an Stáit orthu.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=An ciontóir gnéis Bill Kenneally tar éis bháis sa phríosún|url=https://www.rte.ie/news/nuacht/2026/0618/1579055-an-ciontoir-gneis-bill-kenneally-tar-eis-bhais-sa-phriosun/|date=2026-06-18|language=ga-iE|author=Nuacht RTÉ}}</ref> == Féach freisin == == Tagairtí == {{reflist}}{{síol}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Kenneally, Bill }} [[Catagóir:Ciontóirí gnéis]] [[Catagóir:Cispheiladóirí]] [[Catagóir:Iomrall ceartais]] [[Catagóir:Básanna in 2026]] adz5obz01on9t5ttnnuawrwe089vj1q 1318140 1318139 2026-06-20T22:54:11Z TGcoa 21229 /* Féach freisin */ 1318140 wikitext text/x-wiki {{WD Bosca Sonraí Duine}} Ciontóir gnéis agus cóitseálaí cispheile as [[Port Láirge]] ba ea '''Bill Kenneally''' ( - 18 Meitheamh 2026). Ciontaíodh é as mí-úsáid gnéis a dhéanamh ar 15 bhuachaill idir 1979 agus 1990 i bPort Láirge. '''1980idí''' D'admhaigh Bill Kenneally go raibh ionsaithe gnéasacha déanta aige ar bhuachaillí nuair a cheistigh Gardaí sinsearacha é i 1987. Mhaígh sé ina dhiaidh sin gur thug sé ainmneacha seachtar buachaillí do na Gardaí ag an am. Níor cúisíodh é in aon chion ag an am, ámh, agus lean sé air ag déanamh ionsaithe gnéasacha ar bhuachaillí. '''2012''' Níor labhair na Gardaí arís leis go dtí 2012 nuair a rinne duine de na buachaillí gearán. Is faoi mhí-úsáid gnéis a dhéanamh ar chúig bhuachaill déag a cuireadh i bpríosún é, cé go greideann na Gardaí go ndeana sé mí-úsáid ar bhuachaillí eile chomh maith, ceithre dhuine dhéag ar a laghad, dar leo. '''2026''' Fuair Bill Kenneally bás i bPríosún Lár na Tíre i bPort Laoise, áit a raibh téarma naoi mbliana déag á chur isteach aige. Bhí deich mbliana de théarma príosúin naoi mbliana déag curtha isteach ag Bill Kenneally agus bhí sé le scaoileadh saor in 2030. 75 bliain d'aois a bhí Bill Kenneally agus bhí sé faoi chúram maolaitheach sa phríosún le tamall. === Coimisiún Imscrúdaithe === In 2026, díreach roimh a bhás, foilsíodh tuairisc dheiridh Choimisiún Imscrúdaithe an Oirdheiscirt maidir le líomhaintí drochúsáide gnéasaí leanaí i gcoinne Bill Kenneally.<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://podcasts.apple.com/ca/podcast/13-meitheamh-2026-liatroim/id1525428808?i=1000772517053|teideal=Nuacht Mhall (Liatroim)|údar=Conradh na Gaeilge, Londain|dáta=13 Meitheamh 2026|language=ga-IE|work=Apple Podcasts|dátarochtana=2026-06-20}}</ref> Dúradh sa tuarascáil go ndearna oifigigh shinsearacha sa Gharda Síochána "faillí shoiléir agus thromchúiseach ina ndualgas" i 1987 agus i 1988 nuair nár fhiosraigh siad i gceart na coireanna a rinne Bill Kenneally sna 1980idí. Dúradh gur mhór an fhaillí í de réir ghnáis na linne féin, gan trácht ar ghnáis an lae inniu. Cé gur admhaigh Kenneally cuid dá iompar ag an am, níor cuireadh fiosrúchán cuí ar bun agus níor cuireadh stad lena chuid gníomhaíochtaí. Cháin an tuairisc Bord Sláinte an Oirdheiscirt as gan eolas a bhí ar fáil dóibh ag an am a fhiosrú. Bhí tagairt déanta do dhaoine áirithe i bpoist údaráis a raibh eolas acu faoi na líomhaintí thar na blianta. Mhol an Coimisiún go ndéanfaí fiosrúchán práinneach maidir le hoifigigh phoiblí. Chomh maith leis na Gardaí, cáintear sa tuarascáil col ceathar Bill Kenneally, an t-iarTheachta Dála [[Brendan Kenneally]] ó Fhianna Fáil, as gan teagmháil a dhéanamh leis na gníomhaireachtaí cosanta leanaí in 2001, tráth ar tarraingíodh a aird ar a raibh déanta ag a fhear gaoil.<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.independent.ie/irish-news/former-td-brendan-kenneally-resigned-from-fianna-fail-after-bill-kenneally-abuse-inquiry/a/157506800.html|teideal=Former TD Brendan Kenneally resigned from Fianna Fáil after Bill Kenneally abuse inquiry|údar=Independent.ie|dátarochtana=2026}}</ref> D'fhógair an tAire Dlí agus Cirt Jim O'Callaghan go ngabhfadh an Stát leithscéal iomlán agus foirmiúil leis na híospartaigh as an éagóir a rinne feidhmeannaigh an Stáit orthu.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=An ciontóir gnéis Bill Kenneally tar éis bháis sa phríosún|url=https://www.rte.ie/news/nuacht/2026/0618/1579055-an-ciontoir-gneis-bill-kenneally-tar-eis-bhais-sa-phriosun/|date=2026-06-18|language=ga-iE|author=Nuacht RTÉ}}</ref> == Féach freisin == == Tagairtí == {{reflist}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Kenneally, Bill }} [[Catagóir:Ciontóirí gnéis]] [[Catagóir:Cispheiladóirí]] [[Catagóir:Iomrall ceartais]] [[Catagóir:Básanna in 2026]] 02o8jlbfejncz4w6o5gcdv1r70vfvqo 1318141 1318140 2026-06-20T22:56:05Z TGcoa 21229 1318141 wikitext text/x-wiki {{WD Bosca Sonraí Duine}} Ciontóir gnéis agus cóitseálaí cispheile as [[Port Láirge]] ba ea '''Bill Kenneally''' ( - 18 Meitheamh 2026). Ciontaíodh é as mí-úsáid gnéis a dhéanamh ar 15 bhuachaill idir 1979 agus 1990 i bPort Láirge. === Coireanna agus cóir === '''1980idí''' D'admhaigh Bill Kenneally go raibh ionsaithe gnéasacha déanta aige ar bhuachaillí nuair a cheistigh Gardaí sinsearacha é i 1987. Mhaígh sé ina dhiaidh sin gur thug sé ainmneacha seachtar buachaillí do na Gardaí ag an am. Níor cúisíodh é in aon chion ag an am, ámh, agus lean sé air ag déanamh ionsaithe gnéasacha ar bhuachaillí. '''2012''' Níor labhair na Gardaí arís leis go dtí 2012 nuair a rinne duine de na buachaillí gearán. Is faoi mhí-úsáid gnéis a dhéanamh ar chúig bhuachaill déag a cuireadh i bpríosún é, cé go greideann na Gardaí go ndeana sé mí-úsáid ar bhuachaillí eile chomh maith, ceithre dhuine dhéag ar a laghad, dar leo. '''2026''' Fuair Bill Kenneally bás i bPríosún Lár na Tíre i bPort Laoise, áit a raibh téarma naoi mbliana déag á chur isteach aige. Bhí deich mbliana de théarma príosúin naoi mbliana déag curtha isteach ag Bill Kenneally agus bhí sé le scaoileadh saor in 2030. 75 bliain d'aois a bhí Bill Kenneally agus bhí sé faoi chúram maolaitheach sa phríosún le tamall. === Coimisiún Imscrúdaithe === In 2026, díreach roimh a bhás, foilsíodh tuairisc dheiridh Choimisiún Imscrúdaithe an Oirdheiscirt maidir le líomhaintí drochúsáide gnéasaí leanaí i gcoinne Bill Kenneally.<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://podcasts.apple.com/ca/podcast/13-meitheamh-2026-liatroim/id1525428808?i=1000772517053|teideal=Nuacht Mhall (Liatroim)|údar=Conradh na Gaeilge, Londain|dáta=13 Meitheamh 2026|language=ga-IE|work=Apple Podcasts|dátarochtana=2026-06-20}}</ref> Dúradh sa tuarascáil go ndearna oifigigh shinsearacha sa Gharda Síochána "faillí shoiléir agus thromchúiseach ina ndualgas" i 1987 agus i 1988 nuair nár fhiosraigh siad i gceart na coireanna a rinne Bill Kenneally sna 1980idí. Dúradh gur mhór an fhaillí í de réir ghnáis na linne féin, gan trácht ar ghnáis an lae inniu. Cé gur admhaigh Kenneally cuid dá iompar ag an am, níor cuireadh fiosrúchán cuí ar bun agus níor cuireadh stad lena chuid gníomhaíochtaí. Cháin an tuairisc Bord Sláinte an Oirdheiscirt as gan eolas a bhí ar fáil dóibh ag an am a fhiosrú. Bhí tagairt déanta do dhaoine áirithe i bpoist údaráis a raibh eolas acu faoi na líomhaintí thar na blianta. Mhol an Coimisiún go ndéanfaí fiosrúchán práinneach maidir le hoifigigh phoiblí. Chomh maith leis na Gardaí, cáintear sa tuarascáil col ceathar Bill Kenneally, an t-iarTheachta Dála [[Brendan Kenneally]] ó Fhianna Fáil, as gan teagmháil a dhéanamh leis na gníomhaireachtaí cosanta leanaí in 2001, tráth ar tarraingíodh a aird ar a raibh déanta ag a fhear gaoil.<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.independent.ie/irish-news/former-td-brendan-kenneally-resigned-from-fianna-fail-after-bill-kenneally-abuse-inquiry/a/157506800.html|teideal=Former TD Brendan Kenneally resigned from Fianna Fáil after Bill Kenneally abuse inquiry|údar=Independent.ie|dátarochtana=2026}}</ref> D'fhógair an tAire Dlí agus Cirt Jim O'Callaghan go ngabhfadh an Stát leithscéal iomlán agus foirmiúil leis na híospartaigh as an éagóir a rinne feidhmeannaigh an Stáit orthu.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=An ciontóir gnéis Bill Kenneally tar éis bháis sa phríosún|url=https://www.rte.ie/news/nuacht/2026/0618/1579055-an-ciontoir-gneis-bill-kenneally-tar-eis-bhais-sa-phriosun/|date=2026-06-18|language=ga-iE|author=Nuacht RTÉ}}</ref> == Féach freisin == == Tagairtí == {{reflist}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Kenneally, Bill }} [[Catagóir:Ciontóirí gnéis]] [[Catagóir:Cispheiladóirí]] [[Catagóir:Iomrall ceartais]] [[Catagóir:Básanna in 2026]] [[Catagóir:Daoine as Contae Phort Láirge]] 2g9l5th7zj1ltn0s58gcoxe0kzzjjjz 1318142 1318141 2026-06-20T23:01:55Z TGcoa 21229 /* Tagairtí */ 1318142 wikitext text/x-wiki {{WD Bosca Sonraí Duine}} Ciontóir gnéis, <bdi>péidifileach</bdi> agus cóitseálaí cispheile as [[Port Láirge]] ba ea '''Bill Kenneally''' ( - 18 Meitheamh 2026), a tharraing scannal ollmhór. Ciontaíodh é as mí-úsáid gnéis a dhéanamh ar 15 bhuachaill idir 1979 agus 1990 i bPort Láirge. === Coireanna agus cóir === '''1980idí''' D'admhaigh Bill Kenneally go raibh ionsaithe gnéasacha déanta aige ar bhuachaillí nuair a cheistigh Gardaí sinsearacha é i 1987. Mhaígh sé ina dhiaidh sin gur thug sé ainmneacha seachtar buachaillí do na Gardaí ag an am. Níor cúisíodh é in aon chion ag an am, ámh, agus lean sé air ag déanamh ionsaithe gnéasacha ar bhuachaillí. '''2012''' Níor labhair na Gardaí arís leis go dtí 2012 nuair a rinne duine de na buachaillí gearán. Is faoi mhí-úsáid gnéis a dhéanamh ar chúig bhuachaill déag a cuireadh i bpríosún é, cé go greideann na Gardaí go ndeana sé mí-úsáid ar bhuachaillí eile chomh maith, ceithre dhuine dhéag ar a laghad, dar leo. '''2026''' Fuair Bill Kenneally bás i bPríosún Lár na Tíre i bPort Laoise, áit a raibh téarma naoi mbliana déag á chur isteach aige. Bhí deich mbliana de théarma príosúin naoi mbliana déag curtha isteach ag Bill Kenneally agus bhí sé le scaoileadh saor in 2030. 75 bliain d'aois a bhí Bill Kenneally agus bhí sé faoi chúram maolaitheach sa phríosún le tamall. === Coimisiún Imscrúdaithe === In 2026, díreach roimh a bhás, foilsíodh tuairisc dheiridh Choimisiún Imscrúdaithe an Oirdheiscirt maidir le líomhaintí drochúsáide gnéasaí leanaí i gcoinne Bill Kenneally.<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://podcasts.apple.com/ca/podcast/13-meitheamh-2026-liatroim/id1525428808?i=1000772517053|teideal=Nuacht Mhall (Liatroim)|údar=Conradh na Gaeilge, Londain|dáta=13 Meitheamh 2026|language=ga-IE|work=Apple Podcasts|dátarochtana=2026-06-20}}</ref> Dúradh sa tuarascáil go ndearna oifigigh shinsearacha sa Gharda Síochána "faillí shoiléir agus thromchúiseach ina ndualgas" i 1987 agus i 1988 nuair nár fhiosraigh siad i gceart na coireanna a rinne Bill Kenneally sna 1980idí. Dúradh gur mhór an fhaillí í de réir ghnáis na linne féin, gan trácht ar ghnáis an lae inniu. Cé gur admhaigh Kenneally cuid dá iompar ag an am, níor cuireadh fiosrúchán cuí ar bun agus níor cuireadh stad lena chuid gníomhaíochtaí. Cháin an tuairisc Bord Sláinte an Oirdheiscirt as gan eolas a bhí ar fáil dóibh ag an am a fhiosrú. Bhí tagairt déanta do dhaoine áirithe i bpoist údaráis a raibh eolas acu faoi na líomhaintí thar na blianta. Mhol an Coimisiún go ndéanfaí fiosrúchán práinneach maidir le hoifigigh phoiblí. Chomh maith leis na Gardaí, cáintear sa tuarascáil col ceathar Bill Kenneally, an t-iarTheachta Dála [[Brendan Kenneally]] ó Fhianna Fáil, as gan teagmháil a dhéanamh leis na gníomhaireachtaí cosanta leanaí in 2001, tráth ar tarraingíodh a aird ar a raibh déanta ag a fhear gaoil.<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.independent.ie/irish-news/former-td-brendan-kenneally-resigned-from-fianna-fail-after-bill-kenneally-abuse-inquiry/a/157506800.html|teideal=Former TD Brendan Kenneally resigned from Fianna Fáil after Bill Kenneally abuse inquiry|údar=Independent.ie|dátarochtana=2026}}</ref> D'fhógair an tAire Dlí agus Cirt Jim O'Callaghan go ngabhfadh an Stát leithscéal iomlán agus foirmiúil leis na híospartaigh as an éagóir a rinne feidhmeannaigh an Stáit orthu.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=An ciontóir gnéis Bill Kenneally tar éis bháis sa phríosún|url=https://www.rte.ie/news/nuacht/2026/0618/1579055-an-ciontoir-gneis-bill-kenneally-tar-eis-bhais-sa-phriosun/|date=2026-06-18|language=ga-iE|author=Nuacht RTÉ}}</ref> == Féach freisin == * [[Domhnall Ó Lubhlaí]] == Tagairtí == {{reflist}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Kenneally, Bill }} [[Catagóir:Cispheiladóirí]] [[Catagóir:Iomrall ceartais]] [[Catagóir:Básanna in 2026]] [[Catagóir:Daoine as Contae Phort Láirge]] [[Catagóir:Péidifiligh]] [[Catagóir:Scannail Pholaitiúla in Éirinn]] nb3dv9dj0qvwt08g90clzmoa46fojol 1318144 1318142 2026-06-20T23:09:24Z TGcoa 21229 /* Tagairtí */ 1318144 wikitext text/x-wiki {{WD Bosca Sonraí Duine}} Ciontóir gnéis, <bdi>péidifileach</bdi> agus cóitseálaí cispheile as [[Port Láirge]] ba ea '''Bill Kenneally''' ( - 18 Meitheamh 2026), a tharraing scannal ollmhór. Ciontaíodh é as mí-úsáid gnéis a dhéanamh ar 15 bhuachaill idir 1979 agus 1990 i bPort Láirge. === Coireanna agus cóir === '''1980idí''' D'admhaigh Bill Kenneally go raibh ionsaithe gnéasacha déanta aige ar bhuachaillí nuair a cheistigh Gardaí sinsearacha é i 1987. Mhaígh sé ina dhiaidh sin gur thug sé ainmneacha seachtar buachaillí do na Gardaí ag an am. Níor cúisíodh é in aon chion ag an am, ámh, agus lean sé air ag déanamh ionsaithe gnéasacha ar bhuachaillí. '''2012''' Níor labhair na Gardaí arís leis go dtí 2012 nuair a rinne duine de na buachaillí gearán. Is faoi mhí-úsáid gnéis a dhéanamh ar chúig bhuachaill déag a cuireadh i bpríosún é, cé go greideann na Gardaí go ndeana sé mí-úsáid ar bhuachaillí eile chomh maith, ceithre dhuine dhéag ar a laghad, dar leo. '''2026''' Fuair Bill Kenneally bás i bPríosún Lár na Tíre i bPort Laoise, áit a raibh téarma naoi mbliana déag á chur isteach aige. Bhí deich mbliana de théarma príosúin naoi mbliana déag curtha isteach ag Bill Kenneally agus bhí sé le scaoileadh saor in 2030. 75 bliain d'aois a bhí Bill Kenneally agus bhí sé faoi chúram maolaitheach sa phríosún le tamall. === Coimisiún Imscrúdaithe === In 2026, díreach roimh a bhás, foilsíodh tuairisc dheiridh Choimisiún Imscrúdaithe an Oirdheiscirt maidir le líomhaintí drochúsáide gnéasaí leanaí i gcoinne Bill Kenneally.<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://podcasts.apple.com/ca/podcast/13-meitheamh-2026-liatroim/id1525428808?i=1000772517053|teideal=Nuacht Mhall (Liatroim)|údar=Conradh na Gaeilge, Londain|dáta=13 Meitheamh 2026|language=ga-IE|work=Apple Podcasts|dátarochtana=2026-06-20}}</ref> Dúradh sa tuarascáil go ndearna oifigigh shinsearacha sa Gharda Síochána "faillí shoiléir agus thromchúiseach ina ndualgas" i 1987 agus i 1988 nuair nár fhiosraigh siad i gceart na coireanna a rinne Bill Kenneally sna 1980idí. Dúradh gur mhór an fhaillí í de réir ghnáis na linne féin, gan trácht ar ghnáis an lae inniu. Cé gur admhaigh Kenneally cuid dá iompar ag an am, níor cuireadh fiosrúchán cuí ar bun agus níor cuireadh stad lena chuid gníomhaíochtaí. Cháin an tuairisc Bord Sláinte an Oirdheiscirt as gan eolas a bhí ar fáil dóibh ag an am a fhiosrú. Bhí tagairt déanta do dhaoine áirithe i bpoist údaráis a raibh eolas acu faoi na líomhaintí thar na blianta. Mhol an Coimisiún go ndéanfaí fiosrúchán práinneach maidir le hoifigigh phoiblí. Chomh maith leis na Gardaí, cáintear sa tuarascáil col ceathar Bill Kenneally, an t-iarTheachta Dála [[Brendan Kenneally]] ó Fhianna Fáil, as gan teagmháil a dhéanamh leis na gníomhaireachtaí cosanta leanaí in 2001, tráth ar tarraingíodh a aird ar a raibh déanta ag a fhear gaoil.<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.independent.ie/irish-news/former-td-brendan-kenneally-resigned-from-fianna-fail-after-bill-kenneally-abuse-inquiry/a/157506800.html|teideal=Former TD Brendan Kenneally resigned from Fianna Fáil after Bill Kenneally abuse inquiry|údar=Independent.ie|dátarochtana=2026}}</ref> D'fhógair an tAire Dlí agus Cirt Jim O'Callaghan go ngabhfadh an Stát leithscéal iomlán agus foirmiúil leis na híospartaigh as an éagóir a rinne feidhmeannaigh an Stáit orthu.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=An ciontóir gnéis Bill Kenneally tar éis bháis sa phríosún|url=https://www.rte.ie/news/nuacht/2026/0618/1579055-an-ciontoir-gneis-bill-kenneally-tar-eis-bhais-sa-phriosun/|date=2026-06-18|language=ga-iE|author=Nuacht RTÉ}}</ref> == Féach freisin == * [[Domhnall Ó Lubhlaí]] == Tagairtí == {{reflist}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Kenneally, Bill }} [[Catagóir:Iomrall ceartais]] [[Catagóir:Básanna in 2026]] [[Catagóir:Daoine as Contae Phort Láirge]] [[Catagóir:Péidifiligh]] [[Catagóir:Scannail Pholaitiúla in Éirinn]] tns8dt2vtqa8zsgph9gj495jtu1mjk3 1318145 1318144 2026-06-20T23:11:02Z TGcoa 21229 1318145 wikitext text/x-wiki {{WD Bosca Sonraí Duine}} Ciontóir gnéis, <bdi>péidifileach</bdi> agus cóitseálaí cispheile as [[Port Láirge]] ba ea '''Bill Kenneally''' ( - 18 Meitheamh 2026), a tharraing scannal ollmhór. Ciontaíodh é as mí-úsáid gnéis a dhéanamh ar 15 bhuachaill idir 1979 agus 1990 i bPort Láirge. === Coireanna agus cóir === '''1980idí''' D'admhaigh Bill Kenneally go raibh ionsaithe gnéasacha déanta aige ar bhuachaillí nuair a cheistigh Gardaí sinsearacha é i 1987. Mhaígh sé ina dhiaidh sin gur thug sé ainmneacha seachtar buachaillí do na Gardaí ag an am. Níor cúisíodh é in aon chion ag an am, ámh, agus lean sé air ag déanamh ionsaithe gnéasacha ar bhuachaillí. '''2012''' Níor labhair na Gardaí arís leis go dtí 2012 nuair a rinne duine de na buachaillí gearán. Is faoi mhí-úsáid gnéis a dhéanamh ar chúig bhuachaill déag a cuireadh i bpríosún é, cé go greideann na Gardaí go ndeana sé mí-úsáid ar bhuachaillí eile chomh maith, ceithre dhuine dhéag ar a laghad, dar leo. '''2026''' Fuair Bill Kenneally bás i bPríosún Lár na Tíre i bPort Laoise, áit a raibh téarma naoi mbliana déag á chur isteach aige. Bhí deich mbliana de théarma príosúin naoi mbliana déag curtha isteach ag Bill Kenneally agus bhí sé le scaoileadh saor in 2030. 75 bliain d'aois a bhí Bill Kenneally agus bhí sé faoi chúram maolaitheach sa phríosún le tamall. === Coimisiún Imscrúdaithe === In 2026, díreach roimh a bhás, foilsíodh tuairisc dheiridh Choimisiún Imscrúdaithe an Oirdheiscirt maidir le líomhaintí drochúsáide gnéasaí leanaí i gcoinne Bill Kenneally.<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://podcasts.apple.com/ca/podcast/13-meitheamh-2026-liatroim/id1525428808?i=1000772517053|teideal=Nuacht Mhall (Liatroim)|údar=Conradh na Gaeilge, Londain|dáta=13 Meitheamh 2026|language=ga-IE|work=Apple Podcasts|dátarochtana=2026-06-20}}</ref> Dúradh sa tuarascáil go ndearna oifigigh shinsearacha sa Gharda Síochána "faillí shoiléir agus thromchúiseach ina ndualgas" i 1987 agus i 1988 nuair nár fhiosraigh siad i gceart na coireanna a rinne Bill Kenneally sna 1980idí. Dúradh gur mhór an fhaillí í de réir ghnáis na linne féin, gan trácht ar ghnáis an lae inniu. Cé gur admhaigh Kenneally cuid dá iompar ag an am, níor cuireadh fiosrúchán cuí ar bun agus níor cuireadh stad lena chuid gníomhaíochtaí. Cháin an tuairisc Bord Sláinte an Oirdheiscirt as gan eolas a bhí ar fáil dóibh ag an am a fhiosrú. Bhí tagairt déanta do dhaoine áirithe i bpoist údaráis a raibh eolas acu faoi na líomhaintí thar na blianta. Mhol an Coimisiún go ndéanfaí fiosrúchán práinneach maidir le hoifigigh phoiblí. Chomh maith leis na Gardaí, cáintear sa tuarascáil col ceathar Bill Kenneally, an t-iarTheachta Dála [[Brendan Kenneally]] ó Fhianna Fáil, as gan teagmháil a dhéanamh leis na gníomhaireachtaí cosanta leanaí in 2001, tráth ar tarraingíodh a aird ar a raibh déanta ag a fhear gaoil.<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.independent.ie/irish-news/former-td-brendan-kenneally-resigned-from-fianna-fail-after-bill-kenneally-abuse-inquiry/a/157506800.html|teideal=Former TD Brendan Kenneally resigned from Fianna Fáil after Bill Kenneally abuse inquiry|údar=Independent.ie|dátarochtana=2026}}</ref> D'fhógair an tAire Dlí agus Cirt Jim O'Callaghan go ngabhfadh an Stát leithscéal iomlán agus foirmiúil leis na híospartaigh as an éagóir a rinne feidhmeannaigh an Stáit orthu.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=An ciontóir gnéis Bill Kenneally tar éis bháis sa phríosún|url=https://www.rte.ie/news/nuacht/2026/0618/1579055-an-ciontoir-gneis-bill-kenneally-tar-eis-bhais-sa-phriosun/|date=2026-06-18|language=ga-iE|author=Nuacht RTÉ}}</ref> == Féach freisin == * [[Domhnall Ó Lubhlaí]] == Tagairtí == {{reflist}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Kenneally, Bill }} [[Catagóir:Iomrall ceartais]] [[Catagóir:Básanna in 2026]] [[Catagóir:Daoine as Contae Phort Láirge]] [[Catagóir:Péidifiligh]] [[Catagóir:Scannail Pholaitiúla in Éirinn]] [[Catagóir:Daoine cispheile]] 3d919ouj6l88d8qitop73wlotsd8g2c 1318149 1318145 2026-06-20T23:33:24Z TGcoa 21229 1318149 wikitext text/x-wiki {{WD Bosca Sonraí Duine}} Ciontóir gnéis, <bdi>péidifileach, gníomhaí polaitiúil (Fianna Fáil)</bdi> agus cóitseálaí cispheile as [[Port Láirge]] ba ea '''Bill Kenneally''' (1950 /1951 - 18 Meitheamh 2026), a tharraing scannal ollmhór. Ciontaíodh é as mí-úsáid gnéis a dhéanamh ar 15 bhuachaill idir 1979 agus 1990 i bPort Láirge. Bhí sé ina fhear táillí ag Fianna Fáil. === Coireanna agus cóir === '''1980idí''' D'admhaigh Bill Kenneally go raibh ionsaithe gnéasacha déanta aige ar bhuachaillí nuair a cheistigh Gardaí sinsearacha é i 1987. Mhaígh sé ina dhiaidh sin gur thug sé ainmneacha seachtar buachaillí do na Gardaí ag an am. Níor cúisíodh é in aon chion ag an am, ámh, agus lean sé air ag déanamh ionsaithe gnéasacha ar bhuachaillí. Chuir Bill Kenneally aithne ar na buachaillí agus é ag cóitseáil foirne cispheile agus bhrú sé airgead agus ól agus féiríní orthu sular thug sé faoin íde. Tar éis seisiúin traenála d’fhágfadh sé na buachaillí sa mbaile agus is é an buachaillín deirneach a bhí fanta sa gcarr a ndéanfaí mí-úsáid air. Thug duine den chúigear le fios gur fhulaing sé a leithéid gach seachtain ar feadh dhá bhliain.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news|url=https://www.rte.ie/news/nuacht/2023/0522/1385014-4-bliain-sa-mbreis-gearrtha-ar-choitsealai-spoirt/|teideal=4½ bliain sa mbreis gearrtha ar chóitseálaí spóirt|údar=Nuacht RTÉ|dáta=2023-05-22|language=ga-IE|work=RTE.ie|dátarochtana=2026-06-20}}</ref> '''2010idí''' Níor labhair na Gardaí arís leis go dtí 2012 nuair a rinne duine de na buachaillí gearán. In 2015 phléadáil Kenneally neamhchiontach ar dtús san 266 cúis ionsaí gnéis agus ionsaí mígheanasach a cuireadh ina leith san triail. Ach tar éis don chúigear fear fianaise a thabhairt agus a ghabháil faoi chroscheistiú, phléadáil sé ciontach i 13 cúis shamplach, maidir le hionsaithe mígheanasacha a dhéanamh ar 10 buachaillí (cé go gcreideann na Gardaí go ndearna sé mí-úsáid ar bhuachaillí eile chomh maith, ceithre dhuine dhéag ar a laghad, dar leo). Cuireadh 70 cúiseamh éagsúla ina leith, a bhain le hionsaithe mígheansacha sna 1970aí agus 1980aí. Bhí seoladh aige in Ascaill Summerville i gcathair Phort Láirge ag an am. Idir 13 agus 15 bliain d'aois a bhí na gasúir a d’ionsaigh sé. <ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Iar-chóitseálaí ag pléadáil ciontach in ionsaithe mígheanasacha|url=https://www.rte.ie/news/nuacht/2015/1201/750504-iar-choitsealai/|date=2015-12-01|language=ga-IE|author=Nuacht RTÉ}}</ref><ref name=":0" /> '''2026''' Fuair Bill Kenneally bás i bPríosún Lár na Tíre i bPort Laoise, áit a raibh téarma naoi mbliana déag á chur isteach aige. Bhí deich mbliana de théarma príosúin naoi mbliana déag curtha isteach ag Bill Kenneally agus bhí sé le scaoileadh saor in 2030. 75 bliain d'aois a bhí Bill Kenneally agus bhí sé faoi chúram maolaitheach sa phríosún le tamall. === Coimisiún Imscrúdaithe === In 2026, díreach roimh a bhás, foilsíodh tuairisc dheiridh Choimisiún Imscrúdaithe an Oirdheiscirt maidir le líomhaintí drochúsáide gnéasaí leanaí i gcoinne Bill Kenneally.<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://podcasts.apple.com/ca/podcast/13-meitheamh-2026-liatroim/id1525428808?i=1000772517053|teideal=Nuacht Mhall (Liatroim)|údar=Conradh na Gaeilge, Londain|dáta=13 Meitheamh 2026|language=ga-IE|work=Apple Podcasts|dátarochtana=2026-06-20}}</ref> Dúradh sa tuarascáil go ndearna oifigigh shinsearacha sa Gharda Síochána "faillí shoiléir agus thromchúiseach ina ndualgas" i 1987 agus i 1988 nuair nár fhiosraigh siad i gceart na coireanna a rinne Bill Kenneally sna 1980idí. Dúradh gur mhór an fhaillí í de réir ghnáis na linne féin, gan trácht ar ghnáis an lae inniu. Cé gur admhaigh Kenneally cuid dá iompar ag an am, níor cuireadh fiosrúchán cuí ar bun agus níor cuireadh stad lena chuid gníomhaíochtaí. Cháin an tuairisc Bord Sláinte an Oirdheiscirt as gan eolas a bhí ar fáil dóibh ag an am a fhiosrú. Bhí tagairt déanta do dhaoine áirithe i bpoist údaráis a raibh eolas acu faoi na líomhaintí thar na blianta. Mhol an Coimisiún go ndéanfaí fiosrúchán práinneach maidir le hoifigigh phoiblí. Chomh maith leis na Gardaí, cáintear sa tuarascáil col ceathar Bill Kenneally, an t-iarTheachta Dála [[Brendan Kenneally]] ó Fhianna Fáil, as gan teagmháil a dhéanamh leis na gníomhaireachtaí cosanta leanaí in 2001, tráth ar tarraingíodh a aird ar a raibh déanta ag a fhear gaoil.<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.independent.ie/irish-news/former-td-brendan-kenneally-resigned-from-fianna-fail-after-bill-kenneally-abuse-inquiry/a/157506800.html|teideal=Former TD Brendan Kenneally resigned from Fianna Fáil after Bill Kenneally abuse inquiry|údar=Independent.ie|dátarochtana=2026}}</ref> Níor thángthas ar aon fhianaise go ndeachaigh údaráis an Stáit i gclaonpháirt le chéile chun Bill Kenneally a chosaint agus chun a chinntiú nach gcuirfí an dlí air.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Cás Bill Kenneally: 'faillí déanta ag Gardaí ina ndualgas'|url=https://www.rte.ie/news/nuacht/2026/0609/1577547-cas-bill-kenneally-failli-deanta-ag-gardai-ina-ndualgas/|date=2026-06-09|language=ga-IE|author=Nuacht RTÉ}}</ref> D'fhógair an tAire Dlí agus Cirt Jim O'Callaghan go ngabhfadh an Stát leithscéal iomlán agus foirmiúil leis na híospartaigh as an éagóir a rinne feidhmeannaigh an Stáit orthu.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=An ciontóir gnéis Bill Kenneally tar éis bháis sa phríosún|url=https://www.rte.ie/news/nuacht/2026/0618/1579055-an-ciontoir-gneis-bill-kenneally-tar-eis-bhais-sa-phriosun/|date=2026-06-18|language=ga-iE|author=Nuacht RTÉ}}</ref> == Féach freisin == * [[Domhnall Ó Lubhlaí]] == Tagairtí == {{reflist}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Kenneally, Bill }} [[Catagóir:Iomrall ceartais]] [[Catagóir:Básanna in 2026]] [[Catagóir:Daoine as Contae Phort Láirge]] [[Catagóir:Péidifiligh]] [[Catagóir:Scannail Pholaitiúla in Éirinn]] [[Catagóir:Daoine cispheile]] [[Catagóir:Daoine a rugadh i 1950]] k921oy2vu184qqxs91apjhmoucotzkd 1318150 1318149 2026-06-20T23:35:28Z TGcoa 21229 1318150 wikitext text/x-wiki {{WD Bosca Sonraí Duine}} Ciontóir gnéis, <bdi>péidifileach, gníomhaí polaitiúil (Fianna Fáil)</bdi> agus cóitseálaí cispheile as [[Port Láirge]] ba ea '''Bill Kenneally''' (1950 /1951 - 18 Meitheamh 2026). Ciontaíodh é as mí-úsáid gnéis a dhéanamh ar bhuachaillí idir 1979 agus 1990 i bPort Láirge. Bhí sé ina fhear táillí ag Fianna Fáil. Tharraing an cás scannal ollmhór sna 2020idí. === Coireanna agus cóir === '''1980idí''' D'admhaigh Bill Kenneally go raibh ionsaithe gnéasacha déanta aige ar bhuachaillí nuair a cheistigh Gardaí sinsearacha é i 1987. Mhaígh sé ina dhiaidh sin gur thug sé ainmneacha seachtar buachaillí do na Gardaí ag an am. Níor cúisíodh é in aon chion ag an am, ámh, agus lean sé air ag déanamh ionsaithe gnéasacha ar bhuachaillí. Chuir Bill Kenneally aithne ar na buachaillí agus é ag cóitseáil foirne cispheile agus bhrú sé airgead agus ól agus féiríní orthu sular thug sé faoin íde. Tar éis seisiúin traenála d’fhágfadh sé na buachaillí sa mbaile agus is é an buachaillín deirneach a bhí fanta sa gcarr a ndéanfaí mí-úsáid air. Thug duine den chúigear le fios gur fhulaing sé a leithéid gach seachtain ar feadh dhá bhliain.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news|url=https://www.rte.ie/news/nuacht/2023/0522/1385014-4-bliain-sa-mbreis-gearrtha-ar-choitsealai-spoirt/|teideal=4½ bliain sa mbreis gearrtha ar chóitseálaí spóirt|údar=Nuacht RTÉ|dáta=2023-05-22|language=ga-IE|work=RTE.ie|dátarochtana=2026-06-20}}</ref> '''2010idí''' Níor labhair na Gardaí arís leis go dtí 2012 nuair a rinne duine de na buachaillí gearán. In 2015 phléadáil Kenneally neamhchiontach ar dtús san 266 cúis ionsaí gnéis agus ionsaí mígheanasach a cuireadh ina leith san triail. Ach tar éis don chúigear fear fianaise a thabhairt agus a ghabháil faoi chroscheistiú, phléadáil sé ciontach i 13 cúis shamplach, maidir le hionsaithe mígheanasacha a dhéanamh ar 10 buachaillí (cé go gcreideann na Gardaí go ndearna sé mí-úsáid ar bhuachaillí eile chomh maith, ceithre dhuine dhéag ar a laghad, dar leo). Cuireadh 70 cúiseamh éagsúla ina leith, a bhain le hionsaithe mígheansacha sna 1970aí agus 1980aí. Bhí seoladh aige in Ascaill Summerville i gcathair Phort Láirge ag an am. Idir 13 agus 15 bliain d'aois a bhí na gasúir a d’ionsaigh sé. <ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Iar-chóitseálaí ag pléadáil ciontach in ionsaithe mígheanasacha|url=https://www.rte.ie/news/nuacht/2015/1201/750504-iar-choitsealai/|date=2015-12-01|language=ga-IE|author=Nuacht RTÉ}}</ref><ref name=":0" /> '''2026''' Fuair Bill Kenneally bás i bPríosún Lár na Tíre i bPort Laoise, áit a raibh téarma naoi mbliana déag á chur isteach aige. Bhí deich mbliana de théarma príosúin naoi mbliana déag curtha isteach ag Bill Kenneally agus bhí sé le scaoileadh saor in 2030. 75 bliain d'aois a bhí Bill Kenneally agus bhí sé faoi chúram maolaitheach sa phríosún le tamall. === Coimisiún Imscrúdaithe === In 2026, díreach roimh a bhás, foilsíodh tuairisc dheiridh Choimisiún Imscrúdaithe an Oirdheiscirt maidir le líomhaintí drochúsáide gnéasaí leanaí i gcoinne Bill Kenneally.<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://podcasts.apple.com/ca/podcast/13-meitheamh-2026-liatroim/id1525428808?i=1000772517053|teideal=Nuacht Mhall (Liatroim)|údar=Conradh na Gaeilge, Londain|dáta=13 Meitheamh 2026|language=ga-IE|work=Apple Podcasts|dátarochtana=2026-06-20}}</ref> Dúradh sa tuarascáil go ndearna oifigigh shinsearacha sa Gharda Síochána "faillí shoiléir agus thromchúiseach ina ndualgas" i 1987 agus i 1988 nuair nár fhiosraigh siad i gceart na coireanna a rinne Bill Kenneally sna 1980idí. Dúradh gur mhór an fhaillí í de réir ghnáis na linne féin, gan trácht ar ghnáis an lae inniu. Cé gur admhaigh Kenneally cuid dá iompar ag an am, níor cuireadh fiosrúchán cuí ar bun agus níor cuireadh stad lena chuid gníomhaíochtaí. Cháin an tuairisc Bord Sláinte an Oirdheiscirt as gan eolas a bhí ar fáil dóibh ag an am a fhiosrú. Bhí tagairt déanta do dhaoine áirithe i bpoist údaráis a raibh eolas acu faoi na líomhaintí thar na blianta. Mhol an Coimisiún go ndéanfaí fiosrúchán práinneach maidir le hoifigigh phoiblí. Chomh maith leis na Gardaí, cáintear sa tuarascáil col ceathar Bill Kenneally, an t-iarTheachta Dála [[Brendan Kenneally]] ó Fhianna Fáil, as gan teagmháil a dhéanamh leis na gníomhaireachtaí cosanta leanaí in 2001, tráth ar tarraingíodh a aird ar a raibh déanta ag a fhear gaoil.<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.independent.ie/irish-news/former-td-brendan-kenneally-resigned-from-fianna-fail-after-bill-kenneally-abuse-inquiry/a/157506800.html|teideal=Former TD Brendan Kenneally resigned from Fianna Fáil after Bill Kenneally abuse inquiry|údar=Independent.ie|dátarochtana=2026}}</ref> Níor thángthas ar aon fhianaise go ndeachaigh údaráis an Stáit i gclaonpháirt le chéile chun Bill Kenneally a chosaint agus chun a chinntiú nach gcuirfí an dlí air.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Cás Bill Kenneally: 'faillí déanta ag Gardaí ina ndualgas'|url=https://www.rte.ie/news/nuacht/2026/0609/1577547-cas-bill-kenneally-failli-deanta-ag-gardai-ina-ndualgas/|date=2026-06-09|language=ga-IE|author=Nuacht RTÉ}}</ref> D'fhógair an tAire Dlí agus Cirt Jim O'Callaghan go ngabhfadh an Stát leithscéal iomlán agus foirmiúil leis na híospartaigh as an éagóir a rinne feidhmeannaigh an Stáit orthu.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=An ciontóir gnéis Bill Kenneally tar éis bháis sa phríosún|url=https://www.rte.ie/news/nuacht/2026/0618/1579055-an-ciontoir-gneis-bill-kenneally-tar-eis-bhais-sa-phriosun/|date=2026-06-18|language=ga-iE|author=Nuacht RTÉ}}</ref> == Féach freisin == * [[Domhnall Ó Lubhlaí]] == Tagairtí == {{reflist}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Kenneally, Bill }} [[Catagóir:Iomrall ceartais]] [[Catagóir:Básanna in 2026]] [[Catagóir:Daoine as Contae Phort Láirge]] [[Catagóir:Péidifiligh]] [[Catagóir:Scannail Pholaitiúla in Éirinn]] [[Catagóir:Daoine cispheile]] [[Catagóir:Daoine a rugadh i 1950]] 8ecdhhyjnzrszul3q8vl71kmpjty7p5