Vicipéid gawiki https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pr%C3%ADomhleathanach MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.11 first-letter Meán Speisialta Plé Úsáideoir Plé úsáideora Vicipéid Plé Vicipéide Íomhá Plé íomhá MediaWiki Plé MediaWiki Teimpléad Plé teimpléid Cabhair Plé cabhrach Catagóir Plé catagóire TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk 0 2761 1320700 1315060 2026-07-15T23:30:32Z TGcoa 21229 1320700 wikitext text/x-wiki {{WD Bosca Sonraí Duine}} [[Polaitíocht|Polaiteoir]], [[Náisiúnachas in Éirinn|náisiúnaí]] agus [[réabhlóid]]í [[Éire]]annach ab ea '''Constance Gore-Booth''', níos deireanaí an ''Chuntaois Constance Markievicz'' (4 Feabhra 1868 [[Londain]] – 15 Iúil 1927 [[Baile Átha Cliath]]). "An Chuntaois Dhearg" a thugtaí uirthi mar gheall ar a cuid tuairimí [[Sóisialachas|sóisialacha]]. Áirítear ar laochra náisiúnta na hÉireann í. ==Laethanta a hÓige == [[Íomhá:Eva Selina Laura Gore-Booth and her sister Constance Gore-Booth, later known as the Countess Markievicz.jpg|clé|mion| [[Eva Gore-Booth]] agus a deirfiúr, Constance Gore-Booth (ar dheis)]] Saolaíodh Constance Georgine Gore-Booth i mBuckingham Gate i [[Londain]], agus b'é Sior Henry Gore-Booth, an taiscéalaí [[Aigéan Artach|Artach]], agus oidhre na bairnéadachta Lios A' Daill, a hathair. Ba í Georgina ''[[née]]'' Hill, as Caisleán Tickhill, [[Eabhrac|Eabharc]], a máthair. Bhí sí ar an iníon ba shine sa teaghlach. Murab ionann agus formhór mór na dtiarnaí talún in [[Éire|Éirinn]], ní raibh Sior Henry ag dúshaothrú a chuid tionóntaí. Mar sin, más amhlaidh féin gur bean uasal ab ea Constance, d'fhoghlaim sí trócaire agus daonnacht i leith na mbochtán agus í ag fás aníos. Bhí eastát an teaghlaigh, Teach [[Lios an Daill|Lios A' Daill]], suite i [[Contae Shligigh|gContae Shligigh]] in iarthuaisceart na hÉireann. Chuaigh Eva, deirfiúr Constance, le gluaiseacht an [[Lucht oibre|luchta oibre]] agus le gluaiseacht na mban, a bhí san am sin ag troid ar son chearta vótála na mban. Bhí an bheirt acu cairdiúil le [[W. B. Yeats|William Butler Yeats]], an [[filíocht|file]], agus é ag teacht ar cuairt go minic. D'fhág a chuid smaointeachais a lorg ar shaoldearcadh na ndeirfiúracha i leith na h[[Ealaín|ealaíne]] agus na [[polaitíocht]]<nowiki/>a. ==Pósadh agus Luathpholaiteoireacht == Theastaigh ó Constance dul leis an [[ealaín]]. Sa bhliain 1893, chuaigh sí ag foghlaim ealaíontóireachta i Scoil Slade i [[Londain]]. Ina dhiaidh sin, thug sí aghaidh ar [[Páras|Pháras]], áit ar casadh an Cunta Polannach-[[An Úcráin|Úcránach]] Kazimierz Markiewicz (Casimir Dunin-Markievicz) uirthi. [[Ealaíontóir]] ab ea é agus baint aige le teaghlach uasal saibhir [[An Pholainn|Polannach]], ach bhí sé pósta cheana féin nuair a fuair sé aithne ar Constance. Sa bhliain 1899, áfach, cailleadh a bhean chéile, agus phós sé Constance sa bhliain 1901. Mar sin, rinneadh an Chuntaois Markievicz di.[[Íomhá:Constance Markiewicz by John Butler Yeats.jpg|thumb|upright|Constance Markiewicz, [[John Butler Yeats]]]] Chuir siad fúthu i [[Baile Átha Cliath|mBaile Átha Cliath]] sa bhliain 1903, agus bhain an Chuntaois clú nár bheag amach di ag dathú pictiúir de thírdhreacha. Sa bhliain 1905, bhunaigh Constance [[Club na nEalaíontóirí Aontaithe]] le gairm scoile a chur ar lucht ealaíon Bhaile Átha Cliath ar fad. San am sin, ní raibh baint dá laghad ag an gCuntaois le haon chineál polaitíochta, gan aon trácht a dhéanamh ar an [[Poblachtánachas in Éirinn|bPoblachtachas]]. Ansin, sa bhliain [[1906]], thit rud éigin amach a thug uirthi saol na n-ealaíon a thréigean ar mhaithe leis an [[Náisiúnachas in Éirinn|náisiúnachas]] Éireannach. Sa bhliain sin, fuair sí ar cíos bothán tuaithe in aice le [[Baile Átha Cliath]], agus is amhlaidh gurbh é an file [[Pádraic Colum]] a bhí ina chónaí ansin roimpise. D'fhág sé ina dhiaidh seanchóipeanna de ''The Peasant'' agus de ''Sinn Féin''. Foilseacháin [[réabhlóid]]<nowiki/>eacha ab ea iad seo a bhí ag éileamh go mbrisfí an nasc leis [[an Bhreatain|an mBreatain Mhór]]. Léigh an Chuntaois na hirisí seo, agus chuaigh siad go mór mór i gcion uirthi. Sa bhliain [[1908]], chuaigh an Chuntaois go hoscailte le polaitíocht agus le náisiúnachas. Chuaigh sí isteach i [[Sinn Féin]] agus in "Inghinidhe na hÉireann" ("Iníonacha na hÉireann", i dteanga chaighdeánaithe an lae inniu), is é sin, gluaiseacht na náisiúnaithe ban. [[Íomhá:Suffragettes, England, 1908.JPG|mion|Caxton Hall, Manchester, England, 1908.]] Sa bhliain chéanna, bhí sí ina hiarrthóir don Pharlaimint. Reáchtáladh fothoghchán i ndáilcheantar [[Manchain|Mhanchain]], an áit a raibh [[Winston Churchill]] ina iarrthóir chomh maith. Chaill an bheirt acu, Churchill agus Markievicz'','' an toghchán, ach mar sin féin, ba mhillteanach an dul chun cinn agus an t-athrú saoil a bhí déanta aici. I rith dhá bhliain, d'iompaigh an Chuntaois ina polaiteoir déanta. [[Íomhá:Walking Wounded-Fianna Éireann Scouts engaged in field medical training 1914.jpg|clé|mion|277x277px|Fianna Éireann sa bhliain 1914. Bhunaigh Markiewicz na gasóga in 1909.]] Sa bhliain [[1909]], bhunaigh sí [[Fianna na hÉireann]] (is minic a úsáidtear an leagan "Na Fianna Éireann", cé nach bhfuil sé ag teacht le ceart na teanga).<ref>{{cite book|last=Ward|first=Margaret|title=Unmanageable Revolutionaries: Women and Irish nationalism|year=1983|publisher=Pluto Press|location=London|page=104|isbn=0-86104-700-1}}</ref><ref name="Ref_">''Irish Freedom,'' August 1912.</ref> Bhí na Fianna an-chosúil le gluaiseacht na nGasóg, a bhí bunaithe ag an Tiarna Baden-Powell, ach má bhí féin, bhí cuma i bhfad ní ba mhíleata ar an ngluaiseacht Éireannach, agus na buachaillí ag foghlaim úsáid a bhaint as na hairm thine, mar shampla. B'é dearcadh [[Pádraig Mac Piarais|Phádraic Mhic Phiarais]] go raibh an tábhacht chéanna ag baint leis na Fianna agus le [[Óglaigh na hÉireann (1913-1919)|hÓglaigh na hÉireann]], ar cuireadh bun leo sa bhliain [[1913]]. Sa bhliain [[1911]], caitheadh an Chuntaois i dtóin phríosúin i ndiaidh di páirt ghníomhach a ghlacadh sna hagóidí in aghaidh chuairt an [[Seoirse V na Ríochta Aontaithe|Rí Seoirse a Cúig]] ar Éirinn. Le linn an [[Frithdhúnadh Mór Bhaile Átha Cliath|Fhrithdhúnta]] sa bhliain [[1913]], chuaigh sí in [[Arm Cathartha na hÉireann|Arm Cathartha]] [[Séamus Ó Conghaile|Shéamuis Uí Chonghaile]], agus í ag reáchtáil cistin anraith le riaradh ar na hoibrithe nach raibh luach a mbia acu. ==Éirí Amach na Cásca == [[Íomhá:Countess Markievicz.jpg|mion|Countess Markievicz, c 1915]] Sa bhliain [[1913]], thug a fear céile a aghaidh ar [[an Úcráin]], agus níor fhill sé riamh. Is féidir go raibh baint éigin le gníomhaíochtaí a mhná leis an éalú seo. Cibé scéal é, bhí an Chuntaois páirteach in [[Éirí Amach na Cásca]] sa bhliain [[1916]], mar shaighdiúir in [[Arm Cathartha na hÉireann]], agus ghoin sí snípéir de chuid Arm Shasana is cosúil. B'é a col ceathair féin a chimigh í i ndiaidh na gcathanna, agus gearradh breith an bháis di. Ós bean a bhí inti, áfach, mhalartaigh an Ginearál Maxwell pionós an bháis ar phríosúnacht saoil. Scaoileadh an Chuntaois saor ón bpríosún arís sa bhliain [[1917]], nuair a thug rialtas na Breataine Móire ollmhaithiúnas dóibh siúd a throid in Éirí Amach na Cásca. Faoin am seo a d'athraigh an Chuntaois a creideamh ó [[Eaglais na hÉireann]] go [[Eaglais Chaitliceach Rómhánach|Caitliceachas]]. ==An Chéad Dáil == Sa bhliain [[1918]], príosúnaíodh arís í, mar gheall ar an pháirt a bhí aici san fheachtas in aghaidh an [[Géarchéim an Fhrithchoinscríofa|choinscríofa]]. Sa toghchán ginearálta i mí na Samhna 1918, ba í an Chuntaois Markievicz an chéad bhean a toghadh<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=http://www.centralbank.ie/ga/nuacht/bonn-100-bliain-o-fuair-mna-na-heireann-an-ceart-votala|teideal=Bonn comórtha nua seolta chun ceiliúradh a dhéanamh ar 100 bliain ó fuair mná na hÉireann an ceart vótála|language=en|work=www.centralbank.ie|dátarochtana=2019-12-28}}</ref> (ar 28 Nollaig 1918, roinnt seachtainí níos déanaí) ina Teachta Parlaiminte de [[Teach Theachtaí na Ríochta Aontaithe|Theach na dTeachtaí]] sa [[An Ríocht Aontaithe|Ríocht Aontaithe]].<ref>Ba sa bhliain 1918 a tugadh an ceart dlíthiúil do mhná na hÉireann vóta a chaitheamh agus seasamh i dtoghcháin pharlaiminte den chéad uair. Tar éis don vóta a bheith tugtha do mhná sa Representation of the People Act, achtaíodh an Parliament (Qualification of Women) Act 1918 i mí na Samhna 1918 inar tugadh cead mná a thoghadh chun na Parlaiminte in Westminster.</ref> Níor ghlac sí a suíochán in [[Westminster]] riamh, chomh maith le dháréag iarrthóir is trí scór eile de chuid Shinn Féin. Ó bhí Sinn Féin ar fad ag staonadh ón bparlaimint, dhiúltaigh sí glacadh leis an suíochán a bhí bainte amach aici.. Ina ionad sin, chuaigh sí le Dáil réabhlóideach na bliana 1919. Bhí an Chuntaois ar dhuine acu siúd a tháinig le chéile i mBaile Átha Cliath le [[Dáil Éireann]] a fhógairt an chéad uair riamh. Ba í an chéad [[Teachta Dála|TD]] mná sa [[Dáil Éireann|Dáil]] sin.[[Íomhá:Constance1.jpg|thumb|upright|clé|An Chuntaois faoi shainéide an tsaighdiúra]] Bhí sí ina [[Teachta Dála]] ar an Dara [[Dáil Éireann|Dáil]] chomh maith, i ndiaidh an toghcháin sa bhliain [[1921]]. Bhí sí ar dhuine de na chéad mhná ar domhan a raibh ról sa chomhaireacht aici agus í ina hAire Oibreachais, ó Mhí Aibreáin [[1919]] go Mí Eanáir [[1922]], ar an Chéad Rialtas agus ar an Dara Rialtas de chuid na Dála. Bhí sí ar an chéad bhean riamh a bhí ina h[[Aire Rialtas|Aire Rialtais]] in Éirinn (agus níor ceapadh an chéad Aire mná eile roimh an mbliain 1979, nuair a rinneadh Aire na Gaeltachta de Mháire Geoghegan-Quinn). ==An Cogadh Cathartha agus Fianna Fáil == D'éirigh an Chuntaois as an rialtas i Mí Eanáir [[1922]] in éineacht le h[[Eamon de Valera]] agus an chuid eile acu siúd nár ghlac leis an [[Conradh Angla-Éireannach|gConradh Angla-Éireannach]]. Throid sí chomh maith le duine sna hÓglaigh in aghaidh an Chonartha. Tar éis an [[Cogadh Cathartha na hÉireann|chogaidh]], chuaigh sí ag taisteal [[SAM|Mheiriceá]]. Níor vótáladh isteach í i dtoghchán na bliana [[1922]], ach sa chéad bhliain eile, toghadh í do dháilcheantar Bhaile Átha Cliath Theas. De réir pholasaí neamhfhreastalachais Shinn Féin, dhiúltaigh sí glacadh leis an suíochán. Thuill a dearcadh dearg-Phoblachtach seal i bpríosún di arís, agus istigh ansin di, chuaigh sise agus dháréag bhanphríosúnach eile is ceithre scór ar stailc ocrais. I gceann míosa, bhí sí saor arís. Ba chuimhin le lucht rialtais an [[Saorstát Éireann|tSaorstáit]] i gcónaí an náire shaolta a tharraing stailceanna ocrais na [[Sufraigéid|Sufraigéidí]] ar rialtas na Breataine Móire roimh an gcogadh.[[Íomhá:Constance2.gif|mion|clé|upright|Constance Markiewicz in éineacht lena hiníon Maeve agus a leasmhac]]Chuaigh an Chuntaois i [[Fianna Fáil|bhFianna Fáil]] a thúisce is a bunaíodh an páirtí sin, sa bhliain [[1926]]. Bhí sí ina cathaoirleach ar chruinniú bunaidh an pháirtí in Amharclann La Scala. == Bás == Toghadh ina Teachta ar an gcúigiú Dáil í i Mí an Mheithimh, [[1927]], ach fuair sí bás sula raibh de sheal aici glacadh leis an suíochán. Galar tobann a thug a bás. B'fhéidir go raibh sí tar éis [[eitinn]] a tharraingt ó na bochtáin a raibh sí ag freastal orthu, murarbh é an t-[[aipindicíteas]] é. In Ospidéal Sir Patrick Dun i mBaile Átha Cliath, a shíothlaigh sí. Gan phingin a bhí sí i ndiaidh a hacmhainn a thabhairt do na bochtáin. hAdhlacadh í i [[Reilig Ghlas Naíon]] i mBaile Átha Cliath.<ref>Depuis, Nicola (2009). [https://books.google.ie/books?id=heeon5xC5KwC&pg=PA171#v=onepage&q&f=false ''Mná na hÉireann: Women who Shaped Ireland''] Corcaigh: Mercier Press Ltd. Lch. 171. ISBN 9781856356459. Arna rochtain ar 26 Iúil 2014.</ref> == Ainm == Is é "Markie'''v'''icz" gnáthlitriú a sloinne a úsáidtear in [[Éire|Éirinn]] sa lá atá inniu ann, ach is é an litriú a úsáidtear sa [[Polainnis|Pholainnis]] ná "Markie'''w'''icz", nó is mar v an Bhéarla a fhuaimnítear w na Polainnise. Nuair a scríobhadh an chéad [[Beathaisnéis|bheathaisnéis]] Polainnise fúithi, ba é an leagan a d'úsáid an t-údar ná ''Konstancja Markiewiczowa''. == Féach freisin == * [[Cumann na mBan]] ==Léitheoireacht== * {{cite book|first=Seán|last= O'Faolain|title=Constance Markievicz|date=1934}} * {{cite book|first=Damian|last= Lawlor|title=Na Fianna Éireann and the Irish Revolution- 1909–1923|date=2009}} * {{cite book|first=Anne|last= Marreco|title=The Rebel Countess: The Life and Times of Constance Markievicz|url=https://archive.org/details/bwb_KU-389-130|date=1967}} * {{cite book|first=Diana|last= Norman|title=Terrible Beauty: A Life of Constance Markievicz, 1868–1927|url=https://archive.org/details/terriblebeautyli0000norm|date=1987}} * {{cite book|first=Anne|last= Haverty|title=Constance Markievicz: Irish Revolutionary|date=1993}} * {{cite book|first=Joe|last= McGowan|title=Constance Markievicz: The People's Countess|url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9781905989836|date=2003}} * {{cite book|first=Jacqueline|last= Van Voris|title=Constance de Markievicz: In The Cause of Ireland|url=https://archive.org/details/bwb_S0-BQI-500|date=1967}} <gallery> File:Piece 097-07; Prosecution of A McCabe, Countess Markievicz, B Ryan, D McHugh, Michael Farrell, Frank Fahy and others; Sinn Fein demonstrations; 1917; Counties Sligo, Roscommon, Galway, Cork.pdf|page=39|British Army military intelligence file of 1917 Piece 209-036; Countess Constance Georgina Markievicz, Activities of (1919).pdf|page=60|British Army military intelligence file of the activities of Countess Constance Georgina Markievicz to 1919 Piece 207-127; Sinn Fein Activists - Constance Georgina Markievicz (Countess) (1922).pdf|page=12|British Army military intelligence file of the activities of Countess Constance Georgina Markievicz of 1922 </gallery> == Tagairtí == {{Reflist}} ==Naisc sheachtracha== * [http://www.sligoheritage.com/archBowenColthurst.htm Alt a bhaineann leis an gCuntaois Markievicz, arna rochtain ar 26 Iúil 2015] * [http://www.ucc.ie/celt/published/E900003-001/ A hóráidí faoin gconradh, arna rochtain ar 27 Iúil 2015] {{Teachtaí Dála an 1ú Dáil}} {{Teachtaí Dála an 2ú Dáil}} {{Teachtaí Dála an 4ú Dáil}} {{Éirí Amach na Cásca}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Markiewicz, Constance Gore-Booth}} [[Catagóir:Daoine a rugadh i 1868]] [[Catagóir:Básanna i 1927]] [[Catagóir:Airí Rialtais na hÉireann]] [[Catagóir:Baill den 1ú Dáil]] [[Catagóir:Baill den 2ú Dáil]] [[Catagóir:Baill den 4ú Dáil]] [[Catagóir:Baill den 5ú Dáil]] [[Catagóir:Baill Fhianna Fáil]] [[Catagóir:Baill Shinn Féin]] [[Catagóir:Caitlicigh Éireannacha]] [[Catagóir:Cumann na mBan]] [[Catagóir:Cuntaoisí]] [[Catagóir:Daoine a cuireadh i Reilig Ghlas Naíon]] [[Catagóir:Daoine Angla-Éireannacha]] [[Catagóir:Daoine as Londain]] [[Catagóir:Éirí Amach na Cásca]] [[Catagóir:Feisirí de Pharlaimint na Ríochta Aontaithe]] [[Catagóir:Gníomhaithe cearta daonna]] [[Catagóir:Gníomhaithe Éireannacha]] [[Catagóir:Mná Éireannacha]] [[Catagóir:Polaiteoirí as Baile Átha Cliath]] [[Catagóir:Ré Victeoiriach]] [[Catagóir:Réabhlóidithe Éireannacha]] [[Catagóir:Sufragóirí]] [[Catagóir:Uaisleacht Eorpach]] 22hi9fgj1vh2nnf9jfws6nsqj30jn5e 1320701 1320700 2026-07-15T23:36:03Z TGcoa 21229 1320701 wikitext text/x-wiki {{WD Bosca Sonraí Duine}} [[Polaitíocht|Polaiteoir]], [[Náisiúnachas in Éirinn|náisiúnaí]] agus [[réabhlóid]]í [[Éire]]annach ab ea '''Constance Gore-Booth''', níos deireanaí an ''Chuntaois Constance Markievicz'' (4 Feabhra 1868 [[Londain]] – 15 Iúil 1927 [[Baile Átha Cliath]]). "An Chuntaois Dhearg" a thugtaí uirthi mar gheall ar a cuid tuairimí [[Sóisialachas|sóisialacha]]. Áirítear ar laochra náisiúnta na hÉireann í. [[Íomhá:Eva Selina Laura Gore-Booth and her sister Constance Gore-Booth, later known as the Countess Markievicz.jpg|clé|mion| [[Eva Gore-Booth]] agus a deirfiúr, Constance Gore-Booth (ar dheis)|275x275px]][[Íomhá:Constance Markiewicz by John Butler Yeats.jpg|thumb|Constance Markiewicz, [[John Butler Yeats]]|clé|315x315px]][[Íomhá:Suffragettes, England, 1908.JPG|mion|Caxton Hall, Manchester, England, 1908.|clé|220x220px]] [[Íomhá:Walking Wounded-Fianna Éireann Scouts engaged in field medical training 1914.jpg|clé|mion|220x220px|Fianna Éireann sa bhliain 1914. Bhunaigh Markiewicz na gasóga in 1909.]] [[Íomhá:Countess Markievicz.jpg|mion|Countess Markievicz, c 1915|clé|300x300px]][[Íomhá:Constance1.jpg|thumb|upright|clé|An Chuntaois faoi shainéide an tsaighdiúra]][[Íomhá:Constance2.gif|mion|clé|upright|Constance Markiewicz in éineacht lena hiníon Maeve agus a leasmhac]] == Laethanta a hÓige == Saolaíodh Constance Georgine Gore-Booth i mBuckingham Gate i [[Londain]], agus b'é Sior Henry Gore-Booth, an taiscéalaí [[Aigéan Artach|Artach]], agus oidhre na bairnéadachta Lios A' Daill, a hathair. Ba í Georgina ''[[née]]'' Hill, as Caisleán Tickhill, [[Eabhrac|Eabharc]], a máthair. Bhí sí ar an iníon ba shine sa teaghlach. Murab ionann agus formhór mór na dtiarnaí talún in [[Éire|Éirinn]], ní raibh Sior Henry ag dúshaothrú a chuid tionóntaí. Mar sin, más amhlaidh féin gur bean uasal ab ea Constance, d'fhoghlaim sí trócaire agus daonnacht i leith na mbochtán agus í ag fás aníos. Bhí eastát an teaghlaigh, Teach [[Lios an Daill|Lios A' Daill]], suite i [[Contae Shligigh|gContae Shligigh]] in iarthuaisceart na hÉireann. Chuaigh Eva, deirfiúr Constance, le gluaiseacht an [[Lucht oibre|luchta oibre]] agus le gluaiseacht na mban, a bhí san am sin ag troid ar son chearta vótála na mban. Bhí an bheirt acu cairdiúil le [[W. B. Yeats|William Butler Yeats]], an [[filíocht|file]], agus é ag teacht ar cuairt go minic. D'fhág a chuid smaointeachais a lorg ar shaoldearcadh na ndeirfiúracha i leith na h[[Ealaín|ealaíne]] agus na [[polaitíocht]]<nowiki/>a. ==Pósadh agus Luathpholaiteoireacht == Theastaigh ó Constance dul leis an [[ealaín]]. Sa bhliain 1893, chuaigh sí ag foghlaim ealaíontóireachta i Scoil Slade i [[Londain]]. Ina dhiaidh sin, thug sí aghaidh ar [[Páras|Pháras]], áit ar casadh an Cunta Polannach-[[An Úcráin|Úcránach]] Kazimierz Markiewicz (Casimir Dunin-Markievicz) uirthi. [[Ealaíontóir]] ab ea é agus baint aige le teaghlach uasal saibhir [[An Pholainn|Polannach]], ach bhí sé pósta cheana féin nuair a fuair sé aithne ar Constance. Sa bhliain 1899, áfach, cailleadh a bhean chéile, agus phós sé Constance sa bhliain 1901. Mar sin, rinneadh an Chuntaois Markievicz di. Chuir siad fúthu i [[Baile Átha Cliath|mBaile Átha Cliath]] sa bhliain 1903, agus bhain an Chuntaois clú nár bheag amach di ag dathú pictiúir de thírdhreacha. Sa bhliain 1905, bhunaigh Constance [[Club na nEalaíontóirí Aontaithe]] le gairm scoile a chur ar lucht ealaíon Bhaile Átha Cliath ar fad. San am sin, ní raibh baint dá laghad ag an gCuntaois le haon chineál polaitíochta, gan aon trácht a dhéanamh ar an [[Poblachtánachas in Éirinn|bPoblachtachas]]. Ansin, sa bhliain [[1906]], thit rud éigin amach a thug uirthi saol na n-ealaíon a thréigean ar mhaithe leis an [[Náisiúnachas in Éirinn|náisiúnachas]] Éireannach. Sa bhliain sin, fuair sí ar cíos bothán tuaithe in aice le [[Baile Átha Cliath]], agus is amhlaidh gurbh é an file [[Pádraic Colum]] a bhí ina chónaí ansin roimpise. D'fhág sé ina dhiaidh seanchóipeanna de ''The Peasant'' agus de ''Sinn Féin''. Foilseacháin [[réabhlóid]]<nowiki/>eacha ab ea iad seo a bhí ag éileamh go mbrisfí an nasc leis [[an Bhreatain|an mBreatain Mhór]]. Léigh an Chuntaois na hirisí seo, agus chuaigh siad go mór mór i gcion uirthi. Sa bhliain [[1908]], chuaigh an Chuntaois go hoscailte le polaitíocht agus le náisiúnachas. Chuaigh sí isteach i [[Sinn Féin]] agus in "Inghinidhe na hÉireann" ("Iníonacha na hÉireann", i dteanga chaighdeánaithe an lae inniu), is é sin, gluaiseacht na náisiúnaithe ban. Sa bhliain chéanna, bhí sí ina hiarrthóir don Pharlaimint. Reáchtáladh fothoghchán i ndáilcheantar [[Manchain|Mhanchain]], an áit a raibh [[Winston Churchill]] ina iarrthóir chomh maith. Chaill an bheirt acu, Churchill agus Markievicz'','' an toghchán, ach mar sin féin, ba mhillteanach an dul chun cinn agus an t-athrú saoil a bhí déanta aici. I rith dhá bhliain, d'iompaigh an Chuntaois ina polaiteoir déanta. Sa bhliain [[1909]], bhunaigh sí [[Fianna na hÉireann]] (is minic a úsáidtear an leagan "Na Fianna Éireann", cé nach bhfuil sé ag teacht le ceart na teanga).<ref>{{cite book|last=Ward|first=Margaret|title=Unmanageable Revolutionaries: Women and Irish nationalism|year=1983|publisher=Pluto Press|location=London|page=104|isbn=0-86104-700-1}}</ref><ref name="Ref_">''Irish Freedom,'' August 1912.</ref> Bhí na Fianna an-chosúil le gluaiseacht na nGasóg, a bhí bunaithe ag an Tiarna Baden-Powell, ach má bhí féin, bhí cuma i bhfad ní ba mhíleata ar an ngluaiseacht Éireannach, agus na buachaillí ag foghlaim úsáid a bhaint as na hairm thine, mar shampla. B'é dearcadh [[Pádraig Mac Piarais|Phádraic Mhic Phiarais]] go raibh an tábhacht chéanna ag baint leis na Fianna agus le [[Óglaigh na hÉireann (1913-1919)|hÓglaigh na hÉireann]], ar cuireadh bun leo sa bhliain [[1913]]. Sa bhliain [[1911]], caitheadh an Chuntaois i dtóin phríosúin i ndiaidh di páirt ghníomhach a ghlacadh sna hagóidí in aghaidh chuairt an [[Seoirse V na Ríochta Aontaithe|Rí Seoirse a Cúig]] ar Éirinn. Le linn an [[Frithdhúnadh Mór Bhaile Átha Cliath|Fhrithdhúnta]] sa bhliain [[1913]], chuaigh sí in [[Arm Cathartha na hÉireann|Arm Cathartha]] [[Séamus Ó Conghaile|Shéamuis Uí Chonghaile]], agus í ag reáchtáil cistin anraith le riaradh ar na hoibrithe nach raibh luach a mbia acu. ==Éirí Amach na Cásca == Sa bhliain [[1913]], thug a fear céile a aghaidh ar [[an Úcráin]], agus níor fhill sé riamh. Is féidir go raibh baint éigin le gníomhaíochtaí a mhná leis an éalú seo. Cibé scéal é, bhí an Chuntaois páirteach in [[Éirí Amach na Cásca]] sa bhliain [[1916]], mar shaighdiúir in [[Arm Cathartha na hÉireann]], agus ghoin sí snípéir de chuid Arm Shasana is cosúil. B'é a col ceathair féin a chimigh í i ndiaidh na gcathanna, agus gearradh breith an bháis di. Ós bean a bhí inti, áfach, mhalartaigh an Ginearál Maxwell pionós an bháis ar phríosúnacht saoil. Scaoileadh an Chuntaois saor ón bpríosún arís sa bhliain [[1917]], nuair a thug rialtas na Breataine Móire ollmhaithiúnas dóibh siúd a throid in Éirí Amach na Cásca. Faoin am seo a d'athraigh an Chuntaois a creideamh ó [[Eaglais na hÉireann]] go [[Eaglais Chaitliceach Rómhánach|Caitliceachas]]. ==An Chéad Dáil == Sa bhliain [[1918]], príosúnaíodh arís í, mar gheall ar an pháirt a bhí aici san fheachtas in aghaidh an [[Géarchéim an Fhrithchoinscríofa|choinscríofa]]. Sa toghchán ginearálta i mí na Samhna 1918, ba í an Chuntaois Markievicz an chéad bhean a toghadh<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=http://www.centralbank.ie/ga/nuacht/bonn-100-bliain-o-fuair-mna-na-heireann-an-ceart-votala|teideal=Bonn comórtha nua seolta chun ceiliúradh a dhéanamh ar 100 bliain ó fuair mná na hÉireann an ceart vótála|language=en|work=www.centralbank.ie|dátarochtana=2019-12-28}}</ref> (ar 28 Nollaig 1918, roinnt seachtainí níos déanaí) ina Teachta Parlaiminte de [[Teach Theachtaí na Ríochta Aontaithe|Theach na dTeachtaí]] sa [[An Ríocht Aontaithe|Ríocht Aontaithe]].<ref>Ba sa bhliain 1918 a tugadh an ceart dlíthiúil do mhná na hÉireann vóta a chaitheamh agus seasamh i dtoghcháin pharlaiminte den chéad uair. Tar éis don vóta a bheith tugtha do mhná sa Representation of the People Act, achtaíodh an Parliament (Qualification of Women) Act 1918 i mí na Samhna 1918 inar tugadh cead mná a thoghadh chun na Parlaiminte in Westminster.</ref> Níor ghlac sí a suíochán in [[Westminster]] riamh, chomh maith le dháréag iarrthóir is trí scór eile de chuid Shinn Féin. Ó bhí Sinn Féin ar fad ag staonadh ón bparlaimint, dhiúltaigh sí glacadh leis an suíochán a bhí bainte amach aici.. Ina ionad sin, chuaigh sí le Dáil réabhlóideach na bliana 1919. Bhí an Chuntaois ar dhuine acu siúd a tháinig le chéile i mBaile Átha Cliath le [[Dáil Éireann]] a fhógairt an chéad uair riamh. Ba í an chéad [[Teachta Dála|TD]] mná sa [[Dáil Éireann|Dáil]] sin. Bhí sí ina [[Teachta Dála]] ar an Dara [[Dáil Éireann|Dáil]] chomh maith, i ndiaidh an toghcháin sa bhliain [[1921]]. Bhí sí ar dhuine de na chéad mhná ar domhan a raibh ról sa chomhaireacht aici agus í ina hAire Oibreachais, ó Mhí Aibreáin [[1919]] go Mí Eanáir [[1922]], ar an Chéad Rialtas agus ar an Dara Rialtas de chuid na Dála. Bhí sí ar an chéad bhean riamh a bhí ina h[[Aire Rialtas|Aire Rialtais]] in Éirinn (agus níor ceapadh an chéad Aire mná eile roimh an mbliain 1979, nuair a rinneadh Aire na Gaeltachta de Mháire Geoghegan-Quinn). ==An Cogadh Cathartha agus Fianna Fáil == D'éirigh an Chuntaois as an rialtas i Mí Eanáir [[1922]] in éineacht le h[[Eamon de Valera]] agus an chuid eile acu siúd nár ghlac leis an [[Conradh Angla-Éireannach|gConradh Angla-Éireannach]]. Throid sí chomh maith le duine sna hÓglaigh in aghaidh an Chonartha. Tar éis an [[Cogadh Cathartha na hÉireann|chogaidh]], chuaigh sí ag taisteal [[SAM|Mheiriceá]]. Níor vótáladh isteach í i dtoghchán na bliana [[1922]], ach sa chéad bhliain eile, toghadh í do dháilcheantar Bhaile Átha Cliath Theas. De réir pholasaí neamhfhreastalachais Shinn Féin, dhiúltaigh sí glacadh leis an suíochán. Thuill a dearcadh dearg-Phoblachtach seal i bpríosún di arís, agus istigh ansin di, chuaigh sise agus dháréag bhanphríosúnach eile is ceithre scór ar stailc ocrais. I gceann míosa, bhí sí saor arís. Ba chuimhin le lucht rialtais an [[Saorstát Éireann|tSaorstáit]] i gcónaí an náire shaolta a tharraing stailceanna ocrais na [[Sufraigéid|Sufraigéidí]] ar rialtas na Breataine Móire roimh an gcogadh. Chuaigh an Chuntaois i [[Fianna Fáil|bhFianna Fáil]] a thúisce is a bunaíodh an páirtí sin, sa bhliain [[1926]]. Bhí sí ina cathaoirleach ar chruinniú bunaidh an pháirtí in Amharclann La Scala. == Bás == Toghadh ina Teachta ar an gcúigiú Dáil í i Mí an Mheithimh, [[1927]], ach fuair sí bás sula raibh de sheal aici glacadh leis an suíochán. Galar tobann a thug a bás. B'fhéidir go raibh sí tar éis [[eitinn]] a tharraingt ó na bochtáin a raibh sí ag freastal orthu, murarbh é an t-[[aipindicíteas]] é. In Ospidéal Sir Patrick Dun i mBaile Átha Cliath, a shíothlaigh sí. Gan phingin a bhí sí i ndiaidh a hacmhainn a thabhairt do na bochtáin. hAdhlacadh í i [[Reilig Ghlas Naíon]] i mBaile Átha Cliath.<ref>Depuis, Nicola (2009). [https://books.google.ie/books?id=heeon5xC5KwC&pg=PA171#v=onepage&q&f=false ''Mná na hÉireann: Women who Shaped Ireland''] Corcaigh: Mercier Press Ltd. Lch. 171. ISBN 9781856356459. Arna rochtain ar 26 Iúil 2014.</ref> == Ainm == Is é "Markie'''v'''icz" gnáthlitriú a sloinne a úsáidtear in [[Éire|Éirinn]] sa lá atá inniu ann, ach is é an litriú a úsáidtear sa [[Polainnis|Pholainnis]] ná "Markie'''w'''icz", nó is mar v an Bhéarla a fhuaimnítear w na Polainnise. Nuair a scríobhadh an chéad [[Beathaisnéis|bheathaisnéis]] Polainnise fúithi, ba é an leagan a d'úsáid an t-údar ná ''Konstancja Markiewiczowa''. == Féach freisin == * [[Cumann na mBan]] ==Léitheoireacht== * {{cite book|first=Seán|last= O'Faolain|title=Constance Markievicz|date=1934}} * {{cite book|first=Damian|last= Lawlor|title=Na Fianna Éireann and the Irish Revolution- 1909–1923|date=2009}} * {{cite book|first=Anne|last= Marreco|title=The Rebel Countess: The Life and Times of Constance Markievicz|url=https://archive.org/details/bwb_KU-389-130|date=1967}} * {{cite book|first=Diana|last= Norman|title=Terrible Beauty: A Life of Constance Markievicz, 1868–1927|url=https://archive.org/details/terriblebeautyli0000norm|date=1987}} * {{cite book|first=Anne|last= Haverty|title=Constance Markievicz: Irish Revolutionary|date=1993}} * {{cite book|first=Joe|last= McGowan|title=Constance Markievicz: The People's Countess|url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9781905989836|date=2003}} * {{cite book|first=Jacqueline|last= Van Voris|title=Constance de Markievicz: In The Cause of Ireland|url=https://archive.org/details/bwb_S0-BQI-500|date=1967}} <gallery> File:Piece 097-07; Prosecution of A McCabe, Countess Markievicz, B Ryan, D McHugh, Michael Farrell, Frank Fahy and others; Sinn Fein demonstrations; 1917; Counties Sligo, Roscommon, Galway, Cork.pdf|page=39|British Army military intelligence file of 1917 Piece 209-036; Countess Constance Georgina Markievicz, Activities of (1919).pdf|page=60|British Army military intelligence file of the activities of Countess Constance Georgina Markievicz to 1919 Piece 207-127; Sinn Fein Activists - Constance Georgina Markievicz (Countess) (1922).pdf|page=12|British Army military intelligence file of the activities of Countess Constance Georgina Markievicz of 1922 </gallery> == Tagairtí == {{Reflist}} ==Naisc sheachtracha== * [http://www.sligoheritage.com/archBowenColthurst.htm Alt a bhaineann leis an gCuntaois Markievicz, arna rochtain ar 26 Iúil 2015] * [http://www.ucc.ie/celt/published/E900003-001/ A hóráidí faoin gconradh, arna rochtain ar 27 Iúil 2015] {{Teachtaí Dála an 1ú Dáil}} {{Teachtaí Dála an 2ú Dáil}} {{Teachtaí Dála an 4ú Dáil}} {{Éirí Amach na Cásca}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Markiewicz, Constance Gore-Booth}} [[Catagóir:Daoine a rugadh i 1868]] [[Catagóir:Básanna i 1927]] [[Catagóir:Airí Rialtais na hÉireann]] [[Catagóir:Baill den 1ú Dáil]] [[Catagóir:Baill den 2ú Dáil]] [[Catagóir:Baill den 4ú Dáil]] [[Catagóir:Baill den 5ú Dáil]] [[Catagóir:Baill Fhianna Fáil]] [[Catagóir:Baill Shinn Féin]] [[Catagóir:Caitlicigh Éireannacha]] [[Catagóir:Cumann na mBan]] [[Catagóir:Cuntaoisí]] [[Catagóir:Daoine a cuireadh i Reilig Ghlas Naíon]] [[Catagóir:Daoine Angla-Éireannacha]] [[Catagóir:Daoine as Londain]] [[Catagóir:Éirí Amach na Cásca]] [[Catagóir:Feisirí de Pharlaimint na Ríochta Aontaithe]] [[Catagóir:Gníomhaithe cearta daonna]] [[Catagóir:Gníomhaithe Éireannacha]] [[Catagóir:Mná Éireannacha]] [[Catagóir:Polaiteoirí as Baile Átha Cliath]] [[Catagóir:Ré Victeoiriach]] [[Catagóir:Réabhlóidithe Éireannacha]] [[Catagóir:Sufragóirí]] [[Catagóir:Uaisleacht Eorpach]] 7jwx2hepbo7vzaoz3eggm2vbv9l5uep 1320702 1320701 2026-07-15T23:51:37Z TGcoa 21229 /* Bás */ 1320702 wikitext text/x-wiki {{WD Bosca Sonraí Duine}} [[Polaitíocht|Polaiteoir]], [[Náisiúnachas in Éirinn|náisiúnaí]] agus [[réabhlóid]]í [[Éire]]annach ab ea '''Constance Gore-Booth''', níos deireanaí an ''Chuntaois Constance Markievicz'' (4 Feabhra 1868 [[Londain]] – 15 Iúil 1927 [[Baile Átha Cliath]]). "An Chuntaois Dhearg" a thugtaí uirthi mar gheall ar a cuid tuairimí [[Sóisialachas|sóisialacha]]. Áirítear ar laochra náisiúnta na hÉireann í. [[Íomhá:Eva Selina Laura Gore-Booth and her sister Constance Gore-Booth, later known as the Countess Markievicz.jpg|clé|mion| [[Eva Gore-Booth]] agus a deirfiúr, Constance Gore-Booth (ar dheis)|275x275px]][[Íomhá:Constance Markiewicz by John Butler Yeats.jpg|thumb|Constance Markiewicz, [[John Butler Yeats]]|clé|315x315px]][[Íomhá:Suffragettes, England, 1908.JPG|mion|Caxton Hall, Manchester, England, 1908.|clé|220x220px]] [[Íomhá:Walking Wounded-Fianna Éireann Scouts engaged in field medical training 1914.jpg|clé|mion|220x220px|Fianna Éireann sa bhliain 1914. Bhunaigh Markiewicz na gasóga in 1909.]] [[Íomhá:Countess Markievicz.jpg|mion|Countess Markievicz, c 1915|clé|300x300px]][[Íomhá:Constance1.jpg|thumb|upright|clé|An Chuntaois faoi shainéide an tsaighdiúra]][[Íomhá:Constance2.gif|mion|clé|upright|Constance Markiewicz in éineacht lena hiníon Maeve agus a leasmhac]] == Laethanta a hÓige == Saolaíodh Constance Georgine Gore-Booth i mBuckingham Gate i [[Londain]], agus b'é Sior Henry Gore-Booth, an taiscéalaí [[Aigéan Artach|Artach]], agus oidhre na bairnéadachta Lios A' Daill, a hathair. Ba í Georgina ''[[née]]'' Hill, as Caisleán Tickhill, [[Eabhrac|Eabharc]], a máthair. Ba í ar an iníon ba shine sa teaghlach. Murab ionann agus formhór mór na dtiarnaí talún in [[Éire|Éirinn]], ní raibh Sior Henry ag dúshaothrú a chuid tionóntaí. Mar sin, más amhlaidh féin gur bean uasal ab ea Constance, d'fhoghlaim sí trócaire agus daonnacht i leith na mbochtán agus í ag fás aníos. Bhí eastát an teaghlaigh, Teach [[Lios an Daill|Lios A' Daill]], suite i [[Contae Shligigh|gContae Shligigh]] in iarthuaisceart na hÉireann. Chuaigh Eva, deirfiúr Constance, le gluaiseacht an [[Lucht oibre|luchta oibre]] agus le gluaiseacht na mban, a bhí san am sin ag troid ar son chearta vótála na mban. Bhí an bheirt acu cairdiúil le [[W. B. Yeats|William Butler Yeats]], an [[filíocht|file]], agus é ag teacht ar cuairt go minic. D'fhág a chuid smaointeachais a lorg ar shaoldearcadh na ndeirfiúracha i leith na h[[Ealaín|ealaíne]] agus na [[polaitíocht]]<nowiki/>a. ==Pósadh agus Luathpholaiteoireacht == Theastaigh ó Constance dul leis an [[ealaín]]. Sa bhliain 1893, chuaigh sí ag foghlaim ealaíontóireachta i Scoil Slade i [[Londain]]. Ina dhiaidh sin, thug sí aghaidh ar [[Páras|Pháras]], áit ar casadh an Cunta Polannach-[[An Úcráin|Úcránach]] Kazimierz Markiewicz (Casimir Dunin-Markievicz) uirthi. [[Ealaíontóir]] ab ea é agus baint aige le teaghlach uasal saibhir [[An Pholainn|Polannach]], ach bhí sé pósta cheana féin nuair a fuair sé aithne ar Constance. Sa bhliain 1899, áfach, cailleadh a bhean chéile, agus phós sé Constance sa bhliain 1901. Mar sin, rinneadh an Chuntaois Markievicz di. Chuir siad fúthu i [[Baile Átha Cliath|mBaile Átha Cliath]] sa bhliain 1903, agus bhain an Chuntaois clú nár bheag amach di ag dathú pictiúir de thírdhreacha. Sa bhliain 1905, bhunaigh Constance [[Club na nEalaíontóirí Aontaithe]], scoil ghairme do lucht ealaíon Bhaile Átha Cliath. San am sin, ní raibh baint dá laghad ag an gCuntaois leis an bpolaitíocht. Ansin, sa bhliain [[1906]], thit rud éigin amach a thug uirthi saol na n-ealaíon a thréigean ar mhaithe leis an [[Náisiúnachas in Éirinn|náisiúnachas]] Éireannach. Sa bhliain sin, fuair sí ar cíos bothán tuaithe in aice le [[Baile Átha Cliath]], agus is amhlaidh gurbh é an file [[Pádraic Colum]] a bhí ina chónaí ansin roimpise. D'fhág sé ina dhiaidh seanchóipeanna de ''The Peasant'' agus de ''Sinn Féin''. Foilseacháin [[réabhlóid]]<nowiki/>eacha ab ea iad seo a bhí ag éileamh go mbrisfí an nasc leis [[an Bhreatain|an mBreatain Mhór]]. Léigh an Chuntaois na hirisí seo, agus chuaigh siad go mór mór i gcionscoil ghairme uirthi. Sa bhliain [[1908]], chuaigh an Chuntaois go hoscailte le polaitíocht agus le náisiúnachas. Chuaigh sí isteach i [[Sinn Féin]] agus in "Inghinidhe na hÉireann" ("Iníonacha na hÉireann", i dteanga chaighdeánaithe an lae inniu), is é sin, gluaiseacht na náisiúnaithe ban. Sa bhliain chéanna, bhí sí ina hiarrthóir don Pharlaimint. Reáchtáladh fothoghchán i ndáilcheantar [[Manchain|Mhanchain]], an áit a raibh [[Winston Churchill]] ina iarrthóir chomh maith. Chaill an bheirt acu, Churchill agus Markievicz'','' an toghchán, ach mar sin féin, ba mhillteanach an dul chun cinn agus an t-athrú saoil a bhí déanta aici. I rith dhá bhliain, d'iompaigh an Chuntaois ina polaiteoir déanta. Sa bhliain [[1909]], bhunaigh sí [[Fianna na hÉireann]] (is minic a úsáidtear an leagan "Na Fianna Éireann", cé nach bhfuil sé ag teacht le ceart na teanga).<ref>{{cite book|last=Ward|first=Margaret|title=Unmanageable Revolutionaries: Women and Irish nationalism|year=1983|publisher=Pluto Press|location=London|page=104|isbn=0-86104-700-1}}</ref><ref name="Ref_">''Irish Freedom,'' August 1912.</ref> Bhí na Fianna an-chosúil le gluaiseacht na nGasóg, a bhí bunaithe ag an Tiarna Baden-Powell, ach má bhí féin, bhí cuma i bhfad ní ba mhíleata ar an ngluaiseacht Éireannach, agus na buachaillí ag foghlaim úsáid a bhaint as na hairm thine, mar shampla. B'é dearcadh [[Pádraig Mac Piarais|Phádraic Mhic Phiarais]] go raibh an tábhacht chéanna ag baint leis na Fianna agus le [[Óglaigh na hÉireann (1913-1919)|hÓglaigh na hÉireann]], ar cuireadh bun leo sa bhliain [[1913]]. Sa bhliain [[1911]], caitheadh an Chuntaois i dtóin phríosúin i ndiaidh di páirt ghníomhach a ghlacadh sna hagóidí in aghaidh chuairt an [[Seoirse V na Ríochta Aontaithe|Rí Seoirse a Cúig]] ar Éirinn. Le linn an [[Frithdhúnadh Mór Bhaile Átha Cliath|Fhrithdhúnta]] sa bhliain [[1913]], chuaigh sí in [[Arm Cathartha na hÉireann|Arm Cathartha]] [[Séamus Ó Conghaile|Shéamuis Uí Chonghaile]], agus í ag reáchtáil cistin anraith le riaradh ar na hoibrithe nach raibh luach a mbia acu. ==Éirí Amach na Cásca == Sa bhliain [[1913]], thug a fear céile a aghaidh ar [[an Úcráin]], agus níor fhill sé riamh. Is féidir go raibh baint éigin le gníomhaíochtaí a mhná leis an éalú seo. Cibé scéal é, bhí an Chuntaois páirteach in [[Éirí Amach na Cásca]] sa bhliain [[1916]], mar shaighdiúir in [[Arm Cathartha na hÉireann]], agus ghoin sí snípéir de chuid Arm Shasana is cosúil. B'é a col ceathair féin a chimigh í i ndiaidh na gcathanna, agus gearradh breith an bháis di. Ós bean a bhí inti, áfach, mhalartaigh an Ginearál Maxwell pionós an bháis ar phríosúnacht saoil. Scaoileadh an Chuntaois saor ón bpríosún arís sa bhliain [[1917]], nuair a thug rialtas na Breataine Móire ollmhaithiúnas dóibh siúd a throid in Éirí Amach na Cásca. Faoin am seo a d'athraigh an Chuntaois a creideamh ó [[Eaglais na hÉireann]] go [[Eaglais Chaitliceach Rómhánach|Caitliceachas]]. ==An Chéad Dáil == Sa bhliain [[1918]], príosúnaíodh arís í, mar gheall ar an pháirt a bhí aici san fheachtas in aghaidh an [[Géarchéim an Fhrithchoinscríofa|choinscríofa]]. Sa toghchán ginearálta i mí na Samhna 1918, ba í an Chuntaois Markievicz an chéad bhean a toghadh<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=http://www.centralbank.ie/ga/nuacht/bonn-100-bliain-o-fuair-mna-na-heireann-an-ceart-votala|teideal=Bonn comórtha nua seolta chun ceiliúradh a dhéanamh ar 100 bliain ó fuair mná na hÉireann an ceart vótála|language=en|work=www.centralbank.ie|dátarochtana=2019-12-28}}</ref> (ar 28 Nollaig 1918, roinnt seachtainí níos déanaí) ina Teachta Parlaiminte de [[Teach Theachtaí na Ríochta Aontaithe|Theach na dTeachtaí]] sa [[An Ríocht Aontaithe|Ríocht Aontaithe]].<ref>Ba sa bhliain 1918 a tugadh an ceart dlíthiúil do mhná na hÉireann vóta a chaitheamh agus seasamh i dtoghcháin pharlaiminte den chéad uair. Tar éis don vóta a bheith tugtha do mhná sa Representation of the People Act, achtaíodh an Parliament (Qualification of Women) Act 1918 i mí na Samhna 1918 inar tugadh cead mná a thoghadh chun na Parlaiminte in Westminster.</ref> Níor ghlac sí a suíochán in [[Westminster]] riamh, chomh maith le dáréag iarrthóir is trí scór eile de chuid Shinn Féin. Ó bhí Sinn Féin ar fad ag staonadh ón bparlaimint, dhiúltaigh sí glacadh leis an suíochán a bhí bainte amach aici.. Ina ionad sin, chuaigh sí le Dáil réabhlóideach na bliana 1919. Bhí an Chuntaois ar dhuine acu siúd a tháinig le chéile i mBaile Átha Cliath le [[Dáil Éireann]] a fhógairt an chéad uair riamh. Ba í an chéad [[Teachta Dála|TD]] mná sa [[Dáil Éireann|Dáil]] sin. Bhí sí ina [[Teachta Dála]] ar an Dara [[Dáil Éireann|Dáil]] chomh maith, i ndiaidh an toghcháin sa bhliain [[1921]]. Bhí sí ar dhuine de na chéad mhná ar domhan a raibh ról sa chomhaireacht aici agus í ina hAire Oibreachais, ó Mhí Aibreáin [[1919]] go Mí Eanáir [[1922]], ar an Chéad Rialtas agus ar an Dara Rialtas de chuid na Dála. Bhí sí ar an chéad bhean riamh a bhí ina h[[Aire Rialtas|Aire Rialtais]] in Éirinn (agus níor ceapadh an chéad Aire mná eile roimh an mbliain 1979, nuair a rinneadh Aire na Gaeltachta de Mháire Geoghegan-Quinn). ==An Cogadh Cathartha agus Fianna Fáil == D'éirigh an Chuntaois as an rialtas i Mí Eanáir [[1922]] in éineacht le h[[Eamon de Valera]] agus an chuid eile acu siúd nár ghlac leis an [[Conradh Angla-Éireannach|gConradh Angla-Éireannach]]. Throid sí chomh maith le duine sna hÓglaigh in aghaidh an Chonartha. Tar éis an [[Cogadh Cathartha na hÉireann|chogaidh]], chuaigh sí ag taisteal [[SAM|go Mheiriceá]]. Níor vótáladh isteach í i dtoghchán na bliana [[1922]], ach sa chéad bhliain eile, toghadh í do dháilcheantar Bhaile Átha Cliath Theas. De réir pholasaí neamhfhreastalachais Shinn Féin, dhiúltaigh sí glacadh leis an suíochán. Thuill a dearcadh dearg-Phoblachtach seal i bpríosún di arís, agus istigh ansin di, chuaigh sise agus dháréag bhanphríosúnach eile is ceithre scór ar stailc ocrais. I gceann míosa, bhí sí saor arís. Ba chuimhin le lucht rialtais an [[Saorstát Éireann|tSaorstáit]] i gcónaí an náire shaolta a tharraing stailceanna ocrais na [[Sufraigéid|Sufraigéidí]] ar rialtas na Breataine Móire roimh an gcogadh. Chuaigh an Chuntaois i [[Fianna Fáil|bhFianna Fáil]] a thúisce is a bunaíodh an páirtí sin, sa bhliain [[1926]]. Bhí sí ina cathaoirleach ar chruinniú bunaidh an pháirtí in Amharclann La Scala. == Bás == Toghadh ina Teachta ar an gcúigiú Dáil í i Mí an Mheithimh, [[1927]], ach fuair sí bás sula raibh de sheal aici glacadh leis an suíochán. Galar tobann a thug a bás. B'fhéidir go raibh sí tar éis [[eitinn]] a tharraingt ó na bochtáin a raibh sí ag freastal orthu, murarbh é an t-[[aipindicíteas]] é. In Ospidéal Sir Patrick Dun i mBaile Átha Cliath, a shíothlaigh sí. Gan phingin a bhí sí i ndiaidh a hacmhainn a thabhairt do na bochtáin. Adhlacadh í i [[Reilig Ghlas Naíon]] i mBaile Átha Cliath.<ref>Depuis, Nicola (2009). [https://books.google.ie/books?id=heeon5xC5KwC&pg=PA171#v=onepage&q&f=false ''Mná na hÉireann: Women who Shaped Ireland''] Corcaigh: Mercier Press Ltd. Lch. 171. ISBN 9781856356459. Arna rochtain ar 26 Iúil 2014.</ref> == Ainm == Is é "Markie'''v'''icz" gnáthlitriú a sloinne a úsáidtear in [[Éire|Éirinn]] sa lá atá inniu ann, ach is é an litriú a úsáidtear sa [[Polainnis|Pholainnis]] ná "Markie'''w'''icz", nó is mar v an Bhéarla a fhuaimnítear w na Polainnise. Nuair a scríobhadh an chéad [[Beathaisnéis|bheathaisnéis]] Polainnise fúithi, ba é an leagan a d'úsáid an t-údar ná ''Konstancja Markiewiczowa''. == Féach freisin == * [[Cumann na mBan]] ==Léitheoireacht== * {{cite book|first=Seán|last= O'Faolain|title=Constance Markievicz|date=1934}} * {{cite book|first=Damian|last= Lawlor|title=Na Fianna Éireann and the Irish Revolution- 1909–1923|date=2009}} * {{cite book|first=Anne|last= Marreco|title=The Rebel Countess: The Life and Times of Constance Markievicz|url=https://archive.org/details/bwb_KU-389-130|date=1967}} * {{cite book|first=Diana|last= Norman|title=Terrible Beauty: A Life of Constance Markievicz, 1868–1927|url=https://archive.org/details/terriblebeautyli0000norm|date=1987}} * {{cite book|first=Anne|last= Haverty|title=Constance Markievicz: Irish Revolutionary|date=1993}} * {{cite book|first=Joe|last= McGowan|title=Constance Markievicz: The People's Countess|url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9781905989836|date=2003}} * {{cite book|first=Jacqueline|last= Van Voris|title=Constance de Markievicz: In The Cause of Ireland|url=https://archive.org/details/bwb_S0-BQI-500|date=1967}} <gallery> File:Piece 097-07; Prosecution of A McCabe, Countess Markievicz, B Ryan, D McHugh, Michael Farrell, Frank Fahy and others; Sinn Fein demonstrations; 1917; Counties Sligo, Roscommon, Galway, Cork.pdf|page=39|British Army military intelligence file of 1917 Piece 209-036; Countess Constance Georgina Markievicz, Activities of (1919).pdf|page=60|British Army military intelligence file of the activities of Countess Constance Georgina Markievicz to 1919 Piece 207-127; Sinn Fein Activists - Constance Georgina Markievicz (Countess) (1922).pdf|page=12|British Army military intelligence file of the activities of Countess Constance Georgina Markievicz of 1922 </gallery> == Tagairtí == {{Reflist}} ==Naisc sheachtracha== * [http://www.sligoheritage.com/archBowenColthurst.htm Alt a bhaineann leis an gCuntaois Markievicz, arna rochtain ar 26 Iúil 2015] * [http://www.ucc.ie/celt/published/E900003-001/ A hóráidí faoin gconradh, arna rochtain ar 27 Iúil 2015] {{Teachtaí Dála an 1ú Dáil}} {{Teachtaí Dála an 2ú Dáil}} {{Teachtaí Dála an 4ú Dáil}} {{Éirí Amach na Cásca}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Markiewicz, Constance Gore-Booth}} [[Catagóir:Daoine a rugadh i 1868]] [[Catagóir:Básanna i 1927]] [[Catagóir:Airí Rialtais na hÉireann]] [[Catagóir:Baill den 1ú Dáil]] [[Catagóir:Baill den 2ú Dáil]] [[Catagóir:Baill den 4ú Dáil]] [[Catagóir:Baill den 5ú Dáil]] [[Catagóir:Baill Fhianna Fáil]] [[Catagóir:Baill Shinn Féin]] [[Catagóir:Caitlicigh Éireannacha]] [[Catagóir:Cumann na mBan]] [[Catagóir:Cuntaoisí]] [[Catagóir:Daoine a cuireadh i Reilig Ghlas Naíon]] [[Catagóir:Daoine Angla-Éireannacha]] [[Catagóir:Daoine as Londain]] [[Catagóir:Éirí Amach na Cásca]] [[Catagóir:Feisirí de Pharlaimint na Ríochta Aontaithe]] [[Catagóir:Gníomhaithe cearta daonna]] [[Catagóir:Gníomhaithe Éireannacha]] [[Catagóir:Mná Éireannacha]] [[Catagóir:Polaiteoirí as Baile Átha Cliath]] [[Catagóir:Ré Victeoiriach]] [[Catagóir:Réabhlóidithe Éireannacha]] [[Catagóir:Sufragóirí]] [[Catagóir:Uaisleacht Eorpach]] 0hr5l0k2hw4b14hilmjjgo2zj4u7132 1320703 1320702 2026-07-16T00:13:05Z TGcoa 21229 1320703 wikitext text/x-wiki {{WD Bosca Sonraí Duine}} [[Polaitíocht|Polaiteoir]], [[Náisiúnachas in Éirinn|náisiúnaí]] agus [[réabhlóid]]í [[Éire]]annach ab ea '''Constance Gore-Booth''', níos deireanaí an ''Chuntaois Constance Markievicz'' (4 Feabhra 1868 [[Londain]] – 15 Iúil 1927 [[Baile Átha Cliath]]). "An Chuntaois Dhearg" a thugtaí uirthi mar gheall ar a cuid tuairimí [[Sóisialachas|sóisialacha]]. Áirítear ar laochra náisiúnta na hÉireann í. [[Íomhá:Eva Selina Laura Gore-Booth and her sister Constance Gore-Booth, later known as the Countess Markievicz.jpg|clé|mion| [[Eva Gore-Booth]] agus a deirfiúr, Constance Gore-Booth (ar dheis)|275x275px]][[Íomhá:Constance Markiewicz by John Butler Yeats.jpg|thumb|Constance Markiewicz, [[John Butler Yeats]]|clé|315x315px]][[Íomhá:Suffragettes, England, 1908.JPG|mion|Caxton Hall, Manchester, England, 1908.|clé|220x220px]] [[Íomhá:Walking Wounded-Fianna Éireann Scouts engaged in field medical training 1914.jpg|clé|mion|220x220px|Fianna Éireann sa bhliain 1914. Bhunaigh Markiewicz na gasóga in 1909.]] [[Íomhá:Countess Markievicz.jpg|mion|Countess Markievicz, c 1915|clé|300x300px]][[Íomhá:Constance1.jpg|thumb|upright|clé|An Chuntaois faoi shainéide an tsaighdiúra]][[Íomhá:Constance2.gif|mion|clé|upright|Constance Markiewicz in éineacht lena hiníon Maeve agus a leasmhac]] [[Íomhá:M 130 Markievics.jpg|clé|mion|257x257px|cuireadh sa phríosún í ar 21 Bealtaine 1916; nuacht sa Fhrainc]] [[Íomhá:Comtesse Marckiewicz (i.e. Markiewicz) - btv1b530842643.jpg|clé|mion|257x257px|roimh 1923<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Comtesse Marckiewicz [i.e. Markiewicz] : [photographie de presse]|url=http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b530842643|date=1922|coauthors=Agence Rol}}</ref>]] [[Íomhá:La comtesse Marckiewicz (i. e. Markievicz) (cliché Keystone) - btv1b53087031s.jpg|clé|mion|268x268px|1922<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=La comtesse Marckiewicz [i. e. Markievicz] (cliché Keystone) : [photographie de presse]|url=http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b53087031s|date=1922|coauthors=Agence Rol}}</ref>]] [[Íomhá:MarkieviczGuiness.jpg|clé|mion|262x262px|An Dara Dáil, 1921: Markievicz agus M. Guinness<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.europeana.eu/ga/item/9200518/ark__12148_btv1b53073859j?lang|teideal=Ouverture du Dail Eirann, arrivée de la comtesse Markievicz et de M. Guiness : [photographie de presse] / [Agence Rol]|language=ga-IE|work=www.europeana.eu|dátarochtana=2026-07-16}}</ref>]] == Laethanta a hÓige == Saolaíodh Constance Georgine Gore-Booth i mBuckingham Gate i [[Londain]], agus b'é Sior Henry Gore-Booth, an taiscéalaí [[Aigéan Artach|Artach]], agus oidhre na bairnéadachta [[Lios A' Daill,]]<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Lissadell House|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lissadell_House&oldid=1345564980|journal=Wikipedia|date=2026-03-26|language=en}}</ref> a hathair. Ba í Georgina ''[[née]]'' Hill, as Caisleán Tickhill, [[Eabhrac|Eabharc]], a máthair. Ba í ar an iníon ba shine sa teaghlach. Murab ionann agus formhór mór na dtiarnaí talún in [[Éire|Éirinn]], ní raibh Sior Henry ag dúshaothrú a chuid tionóntaí. Mar sin, más amhlaidh féin gur bean uasal ab ea Constance, d'fhoghlaim sí trócaire agus daonnacht i leith na mbochtán agus í ag fás aníos. Bhí eastát an teaghlaigh, Teach [[Lios an Daill|Lios A' Daill]], suite i [[Contae Shligigh|gContae Shligigh]] in iarthuaisceart na hÉireann. Chuaigh Eva, deirfiúr Constance, le gluaiseacht an [[Lucht oibre|luchta oibre]] agus le gluaiseacht na mban, a bhí san am sin ag troid ar son chearta vótála na mban. Bhí an bheirt acu cairdiúil le [[W. B. Yeats|William Butler Yeats]], an [[filíocht|file]], agus é ag teacht ar cuairt go minic. D'fhág a chuid smaointeachais a lorg ar shaoldearcadh na ndeirfiúracha i leith na h[[Ealaín|ealaíne]] agus na [[polaitíocht]]<nowiki/>a. ==Pósadh agus Luathpholaiteoireacht == Theastaigh ó Constance dul leis an [[ealaín]]. Sa bhliain 1893, chuaigh sí ag foghlaim ealaíontóireachta i Scoil Slade i [[Londain]]. Ina dhiaidh sin, thug sí aghaidh ar [[Páras|Pháras]], áit ar casadh an Cunta Polannach-[[An Úcráin|Úcránach]] Kazimierz Markiewicz (Casimir Dunin-Markievicz) uirthi. [[Ealaíontóir]] ab ea é agus baint aige le teaghlach uasal saibhir [[An Pholainn|Polannach]], ach bhí sé pósta cheana féin nuair a fuair sé aithne ar Constance. Sa bhliain 1899, áfach, cailleadh a bhean chéile, agus phós sé Constance sa bhliain 1901. Mar sin, rinneadh an Chuntaois Markievicz di. Chuir siad fúthu i [[Baile Átha Cliath|mBaile Átha Cliath]] sa bhliain 1903, agus bhain an Chuntaois clú nár bheag amach di ag dathú pictiúir de thírdhreacha. Sa bhliain 1905, bhunaigh Constance [[Club na nEalaíontóirí Aontaithe]], scoil ghairme do lucht ealaíon Bhaile Átha Cliath. San am sin, ní raibh baint dá laghad ag an gCuntaois leis an bpolaitíocht. Ansin, sa bhliain [[1906]], thit rud éigin amach a thug uirthi saol na n-ealaíon a thréigean ar mhaithe leis an [[Náisiúnachas in Éirinn|náisiúnachas]] Éireannach. Sa bhliain sin, fuair sí ar cíos bothán tuaithe in aice le [[Baile Átha Cliath]], agus is amhlaidh gurbh é an file [[Pádraic Colum]] a bhí ina chónaí ansin roimpise. D'fhág sé ina dhiaidh seanchóipeanna de ''The Peasant'' agus de ''Sinn Féin''. Foilseacháin [[réabhlóid]]<nowiki/>eacha ab ea iad seo a bhí ag éileamh go mbrisfí an nasc leis [[an Bhreatain|an mBreatain Mhór]]. Léigh an Chuntaois na hirisí seo, agus chuaigh siad go mór mór i gcionscoil ghairme uirthi. Sa bhliain [[1908]], chuaigh an Chuntaois go hoscailte le polaitíocht agus le náisiúnachas. Chuaigh sí isteach i [[Sinn Féin]] agus in "Inghinidhe na hÉireann" ("Iníonacha na hÉireann", i dteanga chaighdeánaithe an lae inniu), is é sin, gluaiseacht na náisiúnaithe ban. Sa bhliain chéanna, bhí sí ina hiarrthóir don Pharlaimint. Reáchtáladh fothoghchán i ndáilcheantar [[Manchain|Mhanchain]], an áit a raibh [[Winston Churchill]] ina iarrthóir chomh maith. Chaill an bheirt acu, Churchill agus Markievicz'','' an toghchán, ach mar sin féin, ba mhillteanach an dul chun cinn agus an t-athrú saoil a bhí déanta aici. I rith dhá bhliain, d'iompaigh an Chuntaois ina polaiteoir déanta. Sa bhliain [[1909]], bhunaigh sí [[Fianna na hÉireann]] (is minic a úsáidtear an leagan "Na Fianna Éireann", cé nach bhfuil sé ag teacht le ceart na teanga).<ref>{{cite book|last=Ward|first=Margaret|title=Unmanageable Revolutionaries: Women and Irish nationalism|year=1983|publisher=Pluto Press|location=London|page=104|isbn=0-86104-700-1}}</ref><ref name="Ref_">''Irish Freedom,'' August 1912.</ref> Bhí na Fianna an-chosúil le gluaiseacht na nGasóg, a bhí bunaithe ag an Tiarna Baden-Powell, ach má bhí féin, bhí cuma i bhfad ní ba mhíleata ar an ngluaiseacht Éireannach, agus na buachaillí ag foghlaim úsáid a bhaint as na hairm thine, mar shampla. B'é dearcadh [[Pádraig Mac Piarais|Phádraic Mhic Phiarais]] go raibh an tábhacht chéanna ag baint leis na Fianna agus le [[Óglaigh na hÉireann (1913-1919)|hÓglaigh na hÉireann]], ar cuireadh bun leo sa bhliain [[1913]]. Sa bhliain [[1911]], caitheadh an Chuntaois i dtóin phríosúin i ndiaidh di páirt ghníomhach a ghlacadh sna hagóidí in aghaidh chuairt an [[Seoirse V na Ríochta Aontaithe|Rí Seoirse a Cúig]] ar Éirinn. Le linn an [[Frithdhúnadh Mór Bhaile Átha Cliath|Fhrithdhúnta]] sa bhliain [[1913]], chuaigh sí in [[Arm Cathartha na hÉireann|Arm Cathartha]] [[Séamus Ó Conghaile|Shéamuis Uí Chonghaile]], agus í ag reáchtáil cistin anraith le riaradh ar na hoibrithe nach raibh luach a mbia acu. ==Éirí Amach na Cásca == Sa bhliain [[1913]], thug a fear céile a aghaidh ar [[an Úcráin]], agus níor fhill sé riamh. Is féidir go raibh baint éigin le gníomhaíochtaí a mhná leis an éalú seo. Cibé scéal é, bhí an Chuntaois páirteach in [[Éirí Amach na Cásca]] sa bhliain [[1916]], mar shaighdiúir in [[Arm Cathartha na hÉireann]], agus ghoin sí snípéir de chuid Arm Shasana is cosúil. B'é a col ceathair féin a chimigh í i ndiaidh na gcathanna, agus gearradh breith an bháis di. Ós bean a bhí inti, áfach, mhalartaigh an Ginearál Maxwell pionós an bháis ar phríosúnacht saoil. Scaoileadh an Chuntaois saor ón bpríosún arís sa bhliain [[1917]], nuair a thug rialtas na Breataine Móire ollmhaithiúnas dóibh siúd a throid in Éirí Amach na Cásca. Faoin am seo a d'athraigh an Chuntaois a creideamh ó [[Eaglais na hÉireann]] go [[Eaglais Chaitliceach Rómhánach|Caitliceachas]]. ==An Chéad Dáil == Sa bhliain [[1918]], príosúnaíodh arís í, mar gheall ar an pháirt a bhí aici san fheachtas in aghaidh an [[Géarchéim an Fhrithchoinscríofa|choinscríofa]]. Sa toghchán ginearálta i mí na Samhna 1918, ba í an Chuntaois Markievicz an chéad bhean a toghadh<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=http://www.centralbank.ie/ga/nuacht/bonn-100-bliain-o-fuair-mna-na-heireann-an-ceart-votala|teideal=Bonn comórtha nua seolta chun ceiliúradh a dhéanamh ar 100 bliain ó fuair mná na hÉireann an ceart vótála|language=en|work=www.centralbank.ie|dátarochtana=2019-12-28}}</ref> (ar 28 Nollaig 1918, roinnt seachtainí níos déanaí) ina Teachta Parlaiminte de [[Teach Theachtaí na Ríochta Aontaithe|Theach na dTeachtaí]] sa [[An Ríocht Aontaithe|Ríocht Aontaithe]].<ref>Ba sa bhliain 1918 a tugadh an ceart dlíthiúil do mhná na hÉireann vóta a chaitheamh agus seasamh i dtoghcháin pharlaiminte den chéad uair. Tar éis don vóta a bheith tugtha do mhná sa Representation of the People Act, achtaíodh an Parliament (Qualification of Women) Act 1918 i mí na Samhna 1918 inar tugadh cead mná a thoghadh chun na Parlaiminte in Westminster.</ref> Níor ghlac sí a suíochán in [[Westminster]] riamh, chomh maith le dáréag iarrthóir is trí scór eile de chuid Shinn Féin. Ó bhí Sinn Féin ar fad ag staonadh ón bparlaimint, dhiúltaigh sí glacadh leis an suíochán a bhí bainte amach aici.. Ina ionad sin, chuaigh sí le Dáil réabhlóideach na bliana 1919. Bhí an Chuntaois ar dhuine acu siúd a tháinig le chéile i mBaile Átha Cliath le [[Dáil Éireann]] a fhógairt an chéad uair riamh. Ba í an chéad [[Teachta Dála|TD]] mná sa [[Dáil Éireann|Dáil]] sin. Bhí sí ina [[Teachta Dála]] ar an Dara [[Dáil Éireann|Dáil]] chomh maith, i ndiaidh an toghcháin sa bhliain [[1921]]. Bhí sí ar dhuine de na chéad mhná ar domhan a raibh ról sa chomhaireacht aici agus í ina hAire Oibreachais, ó Mhí Aibreáin [[1919]] go Mí Eanáir [[1922]], ar an Chéad Rialtas agus ar an Dara Rialtas de chuid na Dála. Bhí sí ar an chéad bhean riamh a bhí ina h[[Aire Rialtas|Aire Rialtais]] in Éirinn (agus níor ceapadh an chéad Aire mná eile roimh an mbliain 1979, nuair a rinneadh Aire na Gaeltachta de Mháire Geoghegan-Quinn). ==An Cogadh Cathartha agus Fianna Fáil == D'éirigh an Chuntaois as an rialtas i Mí Eanáir [[1922]] in éineacht le h[[Eamon de Valera]] agus an chuid eile acu siúd nár ghlac leis an [[Conradh Angla-Éireannach|gConradh Angla-Éireannach]]. Throid sí chomh maith le duine sna hÓglaigh in aghaidh an Chonartha. Tar éis an [[Cogadh Cathartha na hÉireann|chogaidh]], chuaigh sí ag taisteal [[SAM|go Mheiriceá]]. Níor vótáladh isteach í i dtoghchán na bliana [[1922]], ach sa chéad bhliain eile, toghadh í do dháilcheantar Bhaile Átha Cliath Theas. De réir pholasaí neamhfhreastalachais Shinn Féin, dhiúltaigh sí glacadh leis an suíochán. Thuill a dearcadh dearg-Phoblachtach seal i bpríosún di arís, agus istigh ansin di, chuaigh sise agus dháréag bhanphríosúnach eile is ceithre scór ar stailc ocrais. I gceann míosa, bhí sí saor arís. Ba chuimhin le lucht rialtais an [[Saorstát Éireann|tSaorstáit]] i gcónaí an náire shaolta a tharraing stailceanna ocrais na [[Sufraigéid|Sufraigéidí]] ar rialtas na Breataine Móire roimh an gcogadh. Chuaigh an Chuntaois i [[Fianna Fáil|bhFianna Fáil]] a thúisce is a bunaíodh an páirtí sin, sa bhliain [[1926]]. Bhí sí ina cathaoirleach ar chruinniú bunaidh an pháirtí in Amharclann La Scala. == Bás == Toghadh ina Teachta ar an gcúigiú Dáil í i Mí an Mheithimh, [[1927]], ach fuair sí bás sula raibh de sheal aici glacadh leis an suíochán. Galar tobann a thug a bás. B'fhéidir go raibh sí tar éis [[eitinn]] a tharraingt ó na bochtáin a raibh sí ag freastal orthu, murarbh é an t-[[aipindicíteas]] é. In Ospidéal Sir Patrick Dun i mBaile Átha Cliath, a shíothlaigh sí. Gan phingin a bhí sí i ndiaidh a hacmhainn a thabhairt do na bochtáin. Adhlacadh í i [[Reilig Ghlas Naíon]] i mBaile Átha Cliath.<ref>Depuis, Nicola (2009). [https://books.google.ie/books?id=heeon5xC5KwC&pg=PA171#v=onepage&q&f=false ''Mná na hÉireann: Women who Shaped Ireland''] Corcaigh: Mercier Press Ltd. Lch. 171. ISBN 9781856356459. Arna rochtain ar 26 Iúil 2014.</ref> == Ainm == Is é "Markie'''v'''icz" gnáthlitriú a sloinne a úsáidtear in [[Éire|Éirinn]] sa lá atá inniu ann, ach is é an litriú a úsáidtear sa [[Polainnis|Pholainnis]] ná "Markie'''w'''icz", nó is mar v an Bhéarla a fhuaimnítear w na Polainnise. Nuair a scríobhadh an chéad [[Beathaisnéis|bheathaisnéis]] Polainnise fúithi, ba é an leagan a d'úsáid an t-údar ná ''Konstancja Markiewiczowa''. == Féach freisin == * [[Cumann na mBan]] ==Léitheoireacht== * {{cite book|first=Seán|last= O'Faolain|title=Constance Markievicz|date=1934}} * {{cite book|first=Damian|last= Lawlor|title=Na Fianna Éireann and the Irish Revolution- 1909–1923|date=2009}} * {{cite book|first=Anne|last= Marreco|title=The Rebel Countess: The Life and Times of Constance Markievicz|url=https://archive.org/details/bwb_KU-389-130|date=1967}} * {{cite book|first=Diana|last= Norman|title=Terrible Beauty: A Life of Constance Markievicz, 1868–1927|url=https://archive.org/details/terriblebeautyli0000norm|date=1987}} * {{cite book|first=Anne|last= Haverty|title=Constance Markievicz: Irish Revolutionary|date=1993}} * {{cite book|first=Joe|last= McGowan|title=Constance Markievicz: The People's Countess|url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9781905989836|date=2003}} * {{cite book|first=Jacqueline|last= Van Voris|title=Constance de Markievicz: In The Cause of Ireland|url=https://archive.org/details/bwb_S0-BQI-500|date=1967}} <gallery> File:Piece 097-07; Prosecution of A McCabe, Countess Markievicz, B Ryan, D McHugh, Michael Farrell, Frank Fahy and others; Sinn Fein demonstrations; 1917; Counties Sligo, Roscommon, Galway, Cork.pdf|page=39|British Army military intelligence file of 1917 Piece 209-036; Countess Constance Georgina Markievicz, Activities of (1919).pdf|page=60|British Army military intelligence file of the activities of Countess Constance Georgina Markievicz to 1919 Piece 207-127; Sinn Fein Activists - Constance Georgina Markievicz (Countess) (1922).pdf|page=12|British Army military intelligence file of the activities of Countess Constance Georgina Markievicz of 1922 </gallery> == Tagairtí == {{Reflist}} ==Naisc sheachtracha== * [http://www.sligoheritage.com/archBowenColthurst.htm Alt a bhaineann leis an gCuntaois Markievicz, arna rochtain ar 26 Iúil 2015] * [http://www.ucc.ie/celt/published/E900003-001/ A hóráidí faoin gconradh, arna rochtain ar 27 Iúil 2015] {{Teachtaí Dála an 1ú Dáil}} {{Teachtaí Dála an 2ú Dáil}} {{Teachtaí Dála an 4ú Dáil}} {{Éirí Amach na Cásca}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Markiewicz, Constance Gore-Booth}} [[Catagóir:Daoine a rugadh i 1868]] [[Catagóir:Básanna i 1927]] [[Catagóir:Airí Rialtais na hÉireann]] [[Catagóir:Baill den 1ú Dáil]] [[Catagóir:Baill den 2ú Dáil]] [[Catagóir:Baill den 4ú Dáil]] [[Catagóir:Baill den 5ú Dáil]] [[Catagóir:Baill Fhianna Fáil]] [[Catagóir:Baill Shinn Féin]] [[Catagóir:Caitlicigh Éireannacha]] [[Catagóir:Cumann na mBan]] [[Catagóir:Cuntaoisí]] [[Catagóir:Daoine a cuireadh i Reilig Ghlas Naíon]] [[Catagóir:Daoine Angla-Éireannacha]] [[Catagóir:Daoine as Londain]] [[Catagóir:Éirí Amach na Cásca]] [[Catagóir:Feisirí de Pharlaimint na Ríochta Aontaithe]] [[Catagóir:Gníomhaithe cearta daonna]] [[Catagóir:Gníomhaithe Éireannacha]] [[Catagóir:Mná Éireannacha]] [[Catagóir:Polaiteoirí as Baile Átha Cliath]] [[Catagóir:Ré Victeoiriach]] [[Catagóir:Réabhlóidithe Éireannacha]] [[Catagóir:Sufragóirí]] [[Catagóir:Uaisleacht Eorpach]] 5kdmler4un2glkingk5damsf1v2hll1 1320704 1320703 2026-07-16T00:19:00Z TGcoa 21229 /* Bás */ 1320704 wikitext text/x-wiki {{WD Bosca Sonraí Duine}} [[Polaitíocht|Polaiteoir]], [[Náisiúnachas in Éirinn|náisiúnaí]] agus [[réabhlóid]]í [[Éire]]annach ab ea '''Constance Gore-Booth''', níos deireanaí an ''Chuntaois Constance Markievicz'' (4 Feabhra 1868 [[Londain]] – 15 Iúil 1927 [[Baile Átha Cliath]]). "An Chuntaois Dhearg" a thugtaí uirthi mar gheall ar a cuid tuairimí [[Sóisialachas|sóisialacha]]. Áirítear ar laochra náisiúnta na hÉireann í. [[Íomhá:Eva Selina Laura Gore-Booth and her sister Constance Gore-Booth, later known as the Countess Markievicz.jpg|clé|mion| [[Eva Gore-Booth]] agus a deirfiúr, Constance Gore-Booth (ar dheis)|275x275px]][[Íomhá:Constance Markiewicz by John Butler Yeats.jpg|thumb|Constance Markiewicz, [[John Butler Yeats]]|clé|315x315px]][[Íomhá:Suffragettes, England, 1908.JPG|mion|Caxton Hall, Manchester, England, 1908.|clé|220x220px]] [[Íomhá:Walking Wounded-Fianna Éireann Scouts engaged in field medical training 1914.jpg|clé|mion|220x220px|Fianna Éireann sa bhliain 1914. Bhunaigh Markiewicz na gasóga in 1909.]] [[Íomhá:Countess Markievicz.jpg|mion|Countess Markievicz, c 1915|clé|300x300px]][[Íomhá:Constance1.jpg|thumb|upright|clé|An Chuntaois faoi shainéide an tsaighdiúra]][[Íomhá:Constance2.gif|mion|clé|upright|Constance Markiewicz in éineacht lena hiníon Maeve agus a leasmhac]] [[Íomhá:M 130 Markievics.jpg|clé|mion|257x257px|cuireadh sa phríosún í ar 21 Bealtaine 1916; nuacht sa Fhrainc]] [[Íomhá:MarkieviczGuiness.jpg|clé|mion|262x262px|An Dara Dáil, 1921: Markievicz agus M. Guinness<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.europeana.eu/ga/item/9200518/ark__12148_btv1b53073859j?lang|teideal=Ouverture du Dail Eirann, arrivée de la comtesse Markievicz et de M. Guiness : [photographie de presse] / [Agence Rol]|language=ga-IE|work=www.europeana.eu|dátarochtana=2026-07-16}}</ref>]] [[Íomhá:Comtesse Marckiewicz (i.e. Markiewicz) - btv1b530842643.jpg|clé|mion|257x257px|21-28 Eanáir 1922.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Comtesse Marckiewicz [i.e. Markiewicz] : [photographie de presse]|url=http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b530842643|date=1922|coauthors=Agence Rol}}</ref> World Congress of the Irish Race (''Congrès de la Race Irlandaise''), , Grand Hôtel Páras.]] [[Íomhá:La comtesse Marckiewicz (i. e. Markievicz) (cliché Keystone) - btv1b53087031s.jpg|clé|mion|268x268px|Páras 1922<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=La comtesse Marckiewicz [i. e. Markievicz] (cliché Keystone) : [photographie de presse]|url=http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b53087031s|date=1922|coauthors=Agence Rol}}</ref>]] [[Íomhá:The Artist's Wife, Constance, Comtesse de Markievicz .PNG|mion|365x365px|1899<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://localhost/objects/2602/the-artists-wife-constance-comtesse-de-markievicz-18681|teideal=The Artist's Wife, Constance, Comtesse de Markievicz (1868-1927), Irish Painter and Revolutionary|language=en|work=localhost|dátarochtana=2026-07-16}}</ref>]] == Laethanta a hÓige == Saolaíodh Constance Georgine Gore-Booth i mBuckingham Gate i [[Londain]], agus b'é Sior Henry Gore-Booth, an taiscéalaí [[Aigéan Artach|Artach]], agus oidhre na bairnéadachta [[Lios A' Daill,]]<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Lissadell House|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lissadell_House&oldid=1345564980|journal=Wikipedia|date=2026-03-26|language=en}}</ref> a hathair. Ba í Georgina ''[[née]]'' Hill, as Caisleán Tickhill, [[Eabhrac|Eabharc]], a máthair. Ba í ar an iníon ba shine sa teaghlach. Murab ionann agus formhór mór na dtiarnaí talún in [[Éire|Éirinn]], ní raibh Sior Henry ag dúshaothrú a chuid tionóntaí. Mar sin, más amhlaidh féin gur bean uasal ab ea Constance, d'fhoghlaim sí trócaire agus daonnacht i leith na mbochtán agus í ag fás aníos. Bhí eastát an teaghlaigh, Teach [[Lios an Daill|Lios A' Daill]], suite i [[Contae Shligigh|gContae Shligigh]] in iarthuaisceart na hÉireann. Chuaigh Eva, deirfiúr Constance, le gluaiseacht an [[Lucht oibre|luchta oibre]] agus le gluaiseacht na mban, a bhí san am sin ag troid ar son chearta vótála na mban. Bhí an bheirt acu cairdiúil le [[W. B. Yeats|William Butler Yeats]], an [[filíocht|file]], agus é ag teacht ar cuairt go minic. D'fhág a chuid smaointeachais a lorg ar shaoldearcadh na ndeirfiúracha i leith na h[[Ealaín|ealaíne]] agus na [[polaitíocht]]<nowiki/>a. ==Pósadh agus Luathpholaiteoireacht == Theastaigh ó Constance dul leis an [[ealaín]]. Sa bhliain 1893, chuaigh sí ag foghlaim ealaíontóireachta i Scoil Slade i [[Londain]]. Ina dhiaidh sin, thug sí aghaidh ar [[Páras|Pháras]], áit ar casadh an Cunta Polannach-[[An Úcráin|Úcránach]] Kazimierz Markiewicz (Casimir Dunin-Markievicz) uirthi. [[Ealaíontóir]] ab ea é agus baint aige le teaghlach uasal saibhir [[An Pholainn|Polannach]], ach bhí sé pósta cheana féin nuair a fuair sé aithne ar Constance. Sa bhliain 1899, áfach, cailleadh a bhean chéile, agus phós sé Constance sa bhliain 1901. Mar sin, rinneadh an Chuntaois Markievicz di. Chuir siad fúthu i [[Baile Átha Cliath|mBaile Átha Cliath]] sa bhliain 1903, agus bhain an Chuntaois clú nár bheag amach di ag dathú pictiúir de thírdhreacha. Sa bhliain 1905, bhunaigh Constance [[Club na nEalaíontóirí Aontaithe]], scoil ghairme do lucht ealaíon Bhaile Átha Cliath. San am sin, ní raibh baint dá laghad ag an gCuntaois leis an bpolaitíocht. Ansin, sa bhliain [[1906]], thit rud éigin amach a thug uirthi saol na n-ealaíon a thréigean ar mhaithe leis an [[Náisiúnachas in Éirinn|náisiúnachas]] Éireannach. Sa bhliain sin, fuair sí ar cíos bothán tuaithe in aice le [[Baile Átha Cliath]], agus is amhlaidh gurbh é an file [[Pádraic Colum]] a bhí ina chónaí ansin roimpise. D'fhág sé ina dhiaidh seanchóipeanna de ''The Peasant'' agus de ''Sinn Féin''. Foilseacháin [[réabhlóid]]<nowiki/>eacha ab ea iad seo a bhí ag éileamh go mbrisfí an nasc leis [[an Bhreatain|an mBreatain Mhór]]. Léigh an Chuntaois na hirisí seo, agus chuaigh siad go mór mór i gcionscoil ghairme uirthi. Sa bhliain [[1908]], chuaigh an Chuntaois go hoscailte le polaitíocht agus le náisiúnachas. Chuaigh sí isteach i [[Sinn Féin]] agus in "Inghinidhe na hÉireann" ("Iníonacha na hÉireann", i dteanga chaighdeánaithe an lae inniu), is é sin, gluaiseacht na náisiúnaithe ban. Sa bhliain chéanna, bhí sí ina hiarrthóir don Pharlaimint. Reáchtáladh fothoghchán i ndáilcheantar [[Manchain|Mhanchain]], an áit a raibh [[Winston Churchill]] ina iarrthóir chomh maith. Chaill an bheirt acu, Churchill agus Markievicz'','' an toghchán, ach mar sin féin, ba mhillteanach an dul chun cinn agus an t-athrú saoil a bhí déanta aici. I rith dhá bhliain, d'iompaigh an Chuntaois ina polaiteoir déanta. Sa bhliain [[1909]], bhunaigh sí [[Fianna na hÉireann]] (is minic a úsáidtear an leagan "Na Fianna Éireann", cé nach bhfuil sé ag teacht le ceart na teanga).<ref>{{cite book|last=Ward|first=Margaret|title=Unmanageable Revolutionaries: Women and Irish nationalism|year=1983|publisher=Pluto Press|location=London|page=104|isbn=0-86104-700-1}}</ref><ref name="Ref_">''Irish Freedom,'' August 1912.</ref> Bhí na Fianna an-chosúil le gluaiseacht na nGasóg, a bhí bunaithe ag an Tiarna Baden-Powell, ach má bhí féin, bhí cuma i bhfad ní ba mhíleata ar an ngluaiseacht Éireannach, agus na buachaillí ag foghlaim úsáid a bhaint as na hairm thine, mar shampla. B'é dearcadh [[Pádraig Mac Piarais|Phádraic Mhic Phiarais]] go raibh an tábhacht chéanna ag baint leis na Fianna agus le [[Óglaigh na hÉireann (1913-1919)|hÓglaigh na hÉireann]], ar cuireadh bun leo sa bhliain [[1913]]. Sa bhliain [[1911]], caitheadh an Chuntaois i dtóin phríosúin i ndiaidh di páirt ghníomhach a ghlacadh sna hagóidí in aghaidh chuairt an [[Seoirse V na Ríochta Aontaithe|Rí Seoirse a Cúig]] ar Éirinn. Le linn an [[Frithdhúnadh Mór Bhaile Átha Cliath|Fhrithdhúnta]] sa bhliain [[1913]], chuaigh sí in [[Arm Cathartha na hÉireann|Arm Cathartha]] [[Séamus Ó Conghaile|Shéamuis Uí Chonghaile]], agus í ag reáchtáil cistin anraith le riaradh ar na hoibrithe nach raibh luach a mbia acu. ==Éirí Amach na Cásca == Sa bhliain [[1913]], thug a fear céile a aghaidh ar [[an Úcráin]], agus níor fhill sé riamh. Is féidir go raibh baint éigin le gníomhaíochtaí a mhná leis an éalú seo. Cibé scéal é, bhí an Chuntaois páirteach in [[Éirí Amach na Cásca]] sa bhliain [[1916]], mar shaighdiúir in [[Arm Cathartha na hÉireann]], agus ghoin sí snípéir de chuid Arm Shasana is cosúil. B'é a col ceathair féin a chimigh í i ndiaidh na gcathanna, agus gearradh breith an bháis di. Ós bean a bhí inti, áfach, mhalartaigh an Ginearál Maxwell pionós an bháis ar phríosúnacht saoil. Scaoileadh an Chuntaois saor ón bpríosún arís sa bhliain [[1917]], nuair a thug rialtas na Breataine Móire ollmhaithiúnas dóibh siúd a throid in Éirí Amach na Cásca. Faoin am seo a d'athraigh an Chuntaois a creideamh ó [[Eaglais na hÉireann]] go [[Eaglais Chaitliceach Rómhánach|Caitliceachas]]. ==An Chéad Dáil == Sa bhliain [[1918]], príosúnaíodh arís í, mar gheall ar an pháirt a bhí aici san fheachtas in aghaidh an [[Géarchéim an Fhrithchoinscríofa|choinscríofa]]. Sa toghchán ginearálta i mí na Samhna 1918, ba í an Chuntaois Markievicz an chéad bhean a toghadh<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=http://www.centralbank.ie/ga/nuacht/bonn-100-bliain-o-fuair-mna-na-heireann-an-ceart-votala|teideal=Bonn comórtha nua seolta chun ceiliúradh a dhéanamh ar 100 bliain ó fuair mná na hÉireann an ceart vótála|language=en|work=www.centralbank.ie|dátarochtana=2019-12-28}}</ref> (ar 28 Nollaig 1918, roinnt seachtainí níos déanaí) ina Teachta Parlaiminte de [[Teach Theachtaí na Ríochta Aontaithe|Theach na dTeachtaí]] sa [[An Ríocht Aontaithe|Ríocht Aontaithe]].<ref>Ba sa bhliain 1918 a tugadh an ceart dlíthiúil do mhná na hÉireann vóta a chaitheamh agus seasamh i dtoghcháin pharlaiminte den chéad uair. Tar éis don vóta a bheith tugtha do mhná sa Representation of the People Act, achtaíodh an Parliament (Qualification of Women) Act 1918 i mí na Samhna 1918 inar tugadh cead mná a thoghadh chun na Parlaiminte in Westminster.</ref> Níor ghlac sí a suíochán in [[Westminster]] riamh, chomh maith le dáréag iarrthóir is trí scór eile de chuid Shinn Féin. Ó bhí Sinn Féin ar fad ag staonadh ón bparlaimint, dhiúltaigh sí glacadh leis an suíochán a bhí bainte amach aici.. Ina ionad sin, chuaigh sí le Dáil réabhlóideach na bliana 1919. Bhí an Chuntaois ar dhuine acu siúd a tháinig le chéile i mBaile Átha Cliath le [[Dáil Éireann]] a fhógairt an chéad uair riamh. Ba í an chéad [[Teachta Dála|TD]] mná sa [[Dáil Éireann|Dáil]] sin. Bhí sí ina [[Teachta Dála]] ar an Dara [[Dáil Éireann|Dáil]] chomh maith, i ndiaidh an toghcháin sa bhliain [[1921]]. Bhí sí ar dhuine de na chéad mhná ar domhan a raibh ról sa chomhaireacht aici agus í ina hAire Oibreachais, ó Mhí Aibreáin [[1919]] go Mí Eanáir [[1922]], ar an Chéad Rialtas agus ar an Dara Rialtas de chuid na Dála. Bhí sí ar an chéad bhean riamh a bhí ina h[[Aire Rialtas|Aire Rialtais]] in Éirinn (agus níor ceapadh an chéad Aire mná eile roimh an mbliain 1979, nuair a rinneadh Aire na Gaeltachta de Mháire Geoghegan-Quinn). ==An Cogadh Cathartha agus Fianna Fáil == D'éirigh an Chuntaois as an rialtas i Mí Eanáir [[1922]] in éineacht le h[[Eamon de Valera]] agus an chuid eile acu siúd nár ghlac leis an [[Conradh Angla-Éireannach|gConradh Angla-Éireannach]]. Throid sí chomh maith le duine sna hÓglaigh in aghaidh an Chonartha. Tar éis an [[Cogadh Cathartha na hÉireann|chogaidh]], chuaigh sí ag taisteal [[SAM|go Mheiriceá]]. Níor vótáladh isteach í i dtoghchán na bliana [[1922]], ach sa chéad bhliain eile, toghadh í do dháilcheantar Bhaile Átha Cliath Theas. De réir pholasaí neamhfhreastalachais Shinn Féin, dhiúltaigh sí glacadh leis an suíochán. Thuill a dearcadh dearg-Phoblachtach seal i bpríosún di arís, agus istigh ansin di, chuaigh sise agus dháréag bhanphríosúnach eile is ceithre scór ar stailc ocrais. I gceann míosa, bhí sí saor arís. Ba chuimhin le lucht rialtais an [[Saorstát Éireann|tSaorstáit]] i gcónaí an náire shaolta a tharraing stailceanna ocrais na [[Sufraigéid|Sufraigéidí]] ar rialtas na Breataine Móire roimh an gcogadh. Chuaigh an Chuntaois i [[Fianna Fáil|bhFianna Fáil]] a thúisce is a bunaíodh an páirtí sin, sa bhliain [[1926]]. Bhí sí ina cathaoirleach ar chruinniú bunaidh an pháirtí in Amharclann La Scala. == Bás == Toghadh ina Teachta ar an gcúigiú Dáil í i Mí an Mheithimh, [[1927]], ach fuair sí bás sula raibh de sheal aici glacadh leis an suíochán. Galar tobann a thug a bás. B'fhéidir go raibh sí tar éis [[eitinn]] a tharraingt ó na bochtáin a raibh sí ag freastal orthu, murarbh é an t-[[aipindicíteas]] é. In Ospidéal Sir Patrick Dun i mBaile Átha Cliath, a shíothlaigh sí. Gan phingin a bhí sí i ndiaidh a hacmhainn a thabhairt do na bochtáin. Adhlacadh í i [[Reilig Ghlas Naíon]] i mBaile Átha Cliath.<ref>Depuis, Nicola (2009). [https://books.google.ie/books?id=heeon5xC5KwC&pg=PA171#v=onepage&q&f=false ''Mná na hÉireann: Women who Shaped Ireland''] Corcaigh: Mercier Press Ltd. Lch. 171. ISBN 9781856356459. Arna rochtain ar 26 Iúil 2014.</ref> == Ainm == Is é "Markie'''v'''icz" gnáthlitriú a sloinne a úsáidtear in [[Éire|Éirinn]] sa lá atá inniu ann, ach is é an litriú a úsáidtear sa [[Polainnis|Pholainnis]] ná "Markie'''w'''icz", nó is mar v an Bhéarla a fhuaimnítear w na Polainnise. Nuair a scríobhadh an chéad [[Beathaisnéis|bheathaisnéis]] Polainnise fúithi, ba é an leagan a d'úsáid an t-údar ná ''Konstancja Markiewiczowa''. == Féach freisin == * [[Cumann na mBan]] ==Léitheoireacht== * {{cite book|first=Seán|last= O'Faolain|title=Constance Markievicz|date=1934}} * {{cite book|first=Damian|last= Lawlor|title=Na Fianna Éireann and the Irish Revolution- 1909–1923|date=2009}} * {{cite book|first=Anne|last= Marreco|title=The Rebel Countess: The Life and Times of Constance Markievicz|url=https://archive.org/details/bwb_KU-389-130|date=1967}} * {{cite book|first=Diana|last= Norman|title=Terrible Beauty: A Life of Constance Markievicz, 1868–1927|url=https://archive.org/details/terriblebeautyli0000norm|date=1987}} * {{cite book|first=Anne|last= Haverty|title=Constance Markievicz: Irish Revolutionary|date=1993}} * {{cite book|first=Joe|last= McGowan|title=Constance Markievicz: The People's Countess|url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9781905989836|date=2003}} * {{cite book|first=Jacqueline|last= Van Voris|title=Constance de Markievicz: In The Cause of Ireland|url=https://archive.org/details/bwb_S0-BQI-500|date=1967}} <gallery> File:Piece 097-07; Prosecution of A McCabe, Countess Markievicz, B Ryan, D McHugh, Michael Farrell, Frank Fahy and others; Sinn Fein demonstrations; 1917; Counties Sligo, Roscommon, Galway, Cork.pdf|page=39|British Army military intelligence file of 1917 Piece 209-036; Countess Constance Georgina Markievicz, Activities of (1919).pdf|page=60|British Army military intelligence file of the activities of Countess Constance Georgina Markievicz to 1919 Piece 207-127; Sinn Fein Activists - Constance Georgina Markievicz (Countess) (1922).pdf|page=12|British Army military intelligence file of the activities of Countess Constance Georgina Markievicz of 1922 </gallery> == Tagairtí == {{Reflist}} ==Naisc sheachtracha== * [http://www.sligoheritage.com/archBowenColthurst.htm Alt a bhaineann leis an gCuntaois Markievicz, arna rochtain ar 26 Iúil 2015] * [http://www.ucc.ie/celt/published/E900003-001/ A hóráidí faoin gconradh, arna rochtain ar 27 Iúil 2015] {{Teachtaí Dála an 1ú Dáil}} {{Teachtaí Dála an 2ú Dáil}} {{Teachtaí Dála an 4ú Dáil}} {{Éirí Amach na Cásca}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Markiewicz, Constance Gore-Booth}} [[Catagóir:Daoine a rugadh i 1868]] [[Catagóir:Básanna i 1927]] [[Catagóir:Airí Rialtais na hÉireann]] [[Catagóir:Baill den 1ú Dáil]] [[Catagóir:Baill den 2ú Dáil]] [[Catagóir:Baill den 4ú Dáil]] [[Catagóir:Baill den 5ú Dáil]] [[Catagóir:Baill Fhianna Fáil]] [[Catagóir:Baill Shinn Féin]] [[Catagóir:Caitlicigh Éireannacha]] [[Catagóir:Cumann na mBan]] [[Catagóir:Cuntaoisí]] [[Catagóir:Daoine a cuireadh i Reilig Ghlas Naíon]] [[Catagóir:Daoine Angla-Éireannacha]] [[Catagóir:Daoine as Londain]] [[Catagóir:Éirí Amach na Cásca]] [[Catagóir:Feisirí de Pharlaimint na Ríochta Aontaithe]] [[Catagóir:Gníomhaithe cearta daonna]] [[Catagóir:Gníomhaithe Éireannacha]] [[Catagóir:Mná Éireannacha]] [[Catagóir:Polaiteoirí as Baile Átha Cliath]] [[Catagóir:Ré Victeoiriach]] [[Catagóir:Réabhlóidithe Éireannacha]] [[Catagóir:Sufragóirí]] [[Catagóir:Uaisleacht Eorpach]] 81mpyf7pz3228dxg8cxssgkcca5th4j 0 6330 1320731 1274163 2026-07-16T09:17:01Z Conradder 34685 /* Daoine a rugadh ar an lá seo */ 1320731 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Iúil}} Is é an '''16 Iúil''' an 197ú lá den bhliain de réir fhéilire Ghréagóra nó an 198ú lá i mbliain bhisigh. Tá 168 lá fágtha sa bhliain. <br /> == Féilte == * [[Eaglais Chaitliceach Rómhánach]] - Naomh Helier (Geirsí) == Daoine a rugadh ar an lá seo == * [[1194]] — [[Naomh Claire]], (b. [[1253]]) * [[1704]] — [[John Kay]], ceapadóir Briotanach (b. [[1779]]) * [[1870]] — [[Láimhbheartach Mac Cionnaith]], scoláire Éireannach (b. [[1956]]) * [[1872]] — [[Roald Amundsen]], taiscéalaí Ioruach (b. [[1928]]) * [[1888]] — [[Frits Zernike]], fisiceoir Ollannach (b. [[1966]]) * [[1903]] — [[Fritz Bauer]], breitheamh Gearmánach (b. [[1968]]) * [[1907]] — [[Barbara Stanwyck]], ban-aisteoir Meiriceánach (b. [[1990]]) * [[1911]] — [[Ginger Rogers]], ban-aisteoir agus damhsóir Meiriceánach (b. [[1995]]) * [[1926]] — [[Irwin Rose]], bitheolaí Meiriceánach (b. [[2018]]) * [[1930]] — [[Joey Giardello]], dornálaí Meiriceánach (b. [[2008]]) * [[1932]] — [[Bill Byrge]], aisteoir Meiriceánach (b. [[2025]]) * [[1936]] — [[Yasuo Fukuda]], polaiteoir Seapánach * [[1942]] — [[Margaret Court]], imreoir leadóige Astrálach * [[1954]] — [[Danny Healy-Rae]], polaiteoir Éireannach * [[1958]] — [[Michael Flatley]], damhsóir Gael-Mheiriceánach * [[1959]] — [[Bob Joles]], guthaisteoir Meiriceánach * [[1967]] — [[Will Ferrell]], fuirseoir, agus aisteoir Meiriceánach * [[1971]] — [[Joe McHugh]], polaiteoir Éireannach de chuid Fine Gael * [[1979]] — [[Douglas Murray]], iriseoir Sasanach * [[1981]] — [[Tomás Ó Cionnaith]], iománaí agus imreoir peil Ghaelach * [[1989]] — [[Gareth Bale]], imreoir sacair * [[1993]] — [[Katie McGlynn]], aisteoir Briotanach == Daoine a fuair bás ar an lá seo == * [[1216]] — [[Pápa Innocentius III]] (r. [[1160]]) * [[1535]] — [[Thomas More]], státaire, dlíodóir, agus fealsamh Sasanach (r. [[1478]]) * [[1557]] — [[Áine Cleves]], céile an rí, ceathrú bhean [[Anraí VIII Shasana]] (r. [[1515]]) * [[1764]] — [[Ivan VI na Rúise|Ivan VI]], 23, Impire na Rúise (r. [[1740]]) * [[1953]] — [[Hilaire Belloc]], scríbhneoir (r. [[1870]]) * [[1985]] — [[Heinrich Böll]], 67, scríbhneoir (r. [[1917]]) * [[1994]] — [[Julian Schwinger]], fisiceoir teoiriciúil Meiriceánach (r. [[1918]]) * [[2015]] — [[Alexis FitzGerald Óg]], polaiteoir Éireannach (r. [[1945]]) * [[2017]] — [[George A. Romero]], Scannánóir Meiriceánach-Cheanadach, scríbhneoir scripte scannáin agus eagarthóir (r. [[1940]]) * [[2023]] — [[Kevin Mitnick]], haiceálaí Meiriceánach (r. [[1963]]) == Tarluithe eile == * [[1228]] - Canónaíodh [[San Proinsias Assisi]] * [[1945]] - Tháinig [[Winston Churchill]], [[Harry S. Truman]] agus [[Iósaf Stailín]] le chéile chun an bua in aghaidh na [[An Ghearmáin|Gearmáine]] a phlé * [[1951]] - D'fhoilsigh [[J. D. Salinger]] a leabhar ''The Catcher in the Rye'' * [[1969]] - Lainseáil [[Apollo 11]] ó [[Cape Kennedy]] * [[1979]] - Chuaigh [[Saddam Hussein]] san Uachtarán [[an Iaráic|na hIaráice]] * [[1999]] - Bhásaigh [[John F. Kennedy, Jr.]], a bhean chéile [[Carolyn Bessette Kennedy]] agus a deirfiúr [[Lauren Bassette]] i [[Tuairt eitleáin John F. Kennedy Jr.|dtimpiste eitleáin]] in aice le [[Martha's Vineyard]] <!-- idirvicí --> [[Catagóir:Dátaí|0716]] [[Catagóir:Míonna|Iúil, 16]] l1r4mcq04a7uiqee16wfuuko6rm4qpj 1320734 1320731 2026-07-16T09:47:55Z Conradder 34685 /* Tarluithe eile */ 1320734 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Iúil}} Is é an '''16 Iúil''' an 197ú lá den bhliain de réir fhéilire Ghréagóra nó an 198ú lá i mbliain bhisigh. Tá 168 lá fágtha sa bhliain. <br /> == Féilte == * [[Eaglais Chaitliceach Rómhánach]] - Naomh Helier (Geirsí) == Daoine a rugadh ar an lá seo == * [[1194]] — [[Naomh Claire]], (b. [[1253]]) * [[1704]] — [[John Kay]], ceapadóir Briotanach (b. [[1779]]) * [[1870]] — [[Láimhbheartach Mac Cionnaith]], scoláire Éireannach (b. [[1956]]) * [[1872]] — [[Roald Amundsen]], taiscéalaí Ioruach (b. [[1928]]) * [[1888]] — [[Frits Zernike]], fisiceoir Ollannach (b. [[1966]]) * [[1903]] — [[Fritz Bauer]], breitheamh Gearmánach (b. [[1968]]) * [[1907]] — [[Barbara Stanwyck]], ban-aisteoir Meiriceánach (b. [[1990]]) * [[1911]] — [[Ginger Rogers]], ban-aisteoir agus damhsóir Meiriceánach (b. [[1995]]) * [[1926]] — [[Irwin Rose]], bitheolaí Meiriceánach (b. [[2018]]) * [[1930]] — [[Joey Giardello]], dornálaí Meiriceánach (b. [[2008]]) * [[1932]] — [[Bill Byrge]], aisteoir Meiriceánach (b. [[2025]]) * [[1936]] — [[Yasuo Fukuda]], polaiteoir Seapánach * [[1942]] — [[Margaret Court]], imreoir leadóige Astrálach * [[1954]] — [[Danny Healy-Rae]], polaiteoir Éireannach * [[1958]] — [[Michael Flatley]], damhsóir Gael-Mheiriceánach * [[1959]] — [[Bob Joles]], guthaisteoir Meiriceánach * [[1967]] — [[Will Ferrell]], fuirseoir, agus aisteoir Meiriceánach * [[1971]] — [[Joe McHugh]], polaiteoir Éireannach de chuid Fine Gael * [[1979]] — [[Douglas Murray]], iriseoir Sasanach * [[1981]] — [[Tomás Ó Cionnaith]], iománaí agus imreoir peil Ghaelach * [[1989]] — [[Gareth Bale]], imreoir sacair * [[1993]] — [[Katie McGlynn]], aisteoir Briotanach == Daoine a fuair bás ar an lá seo == * [[1216]] — [[Pápa Innocentius III]] (r. [[1160]]) * [[1535]] — [[Thomas More]], státaire, dlíodóir, agus fealsamh Sasanach (r. [[1478]]) * [[1557]] — [[Áine Cleves]], céile an rí, ceathrú bhean [[Anraí VIII Shasana]] (r. [[1515]]) * [[1764]] — [[Ivan VI na Rúise|Ivan VI]], 23, Impire na Rúise (r. [[1740]]) * [[1953]] — [[Hilaire Belloc]], scríbhneoir (r. [[1870]]) * [[1985]] — [[Heinrich Böll]], 67, scríbhneoir (r. [[1917]]) * [[1994]] — [[Julian Schwinger]], fisiceoir teoiriciúil Meiriceánach (r. [[1918]]) * [[2015]] — [[Alexis FitzGerald Óg]], polaiteoir Éireannach (r. [[1945]]) * [[2017]] — [[George A. Romero]], Scannánóir Meiriceánach-Cheanadach, scríbhneoir scripte scannáin agus eagarthóir (r. [[1940]]) * [[2023]] — [[Kevin Mitnick]], haiceálaí Meiriceánach (r. [[1963]]) == Tarluithe eile == * [[1228]] - Canónaíodh [[San Proinsias Assisi]] * [[1977]] - Corónaíodh [[Risteard II Shasana]] ina rí * [[1790]] - Bunaíodh [[Washington, D.C.|Ceantar Cholumbia]] * [[1915]] - D'éirigh [[Henry James]] ina shaoránach na Breataine lena thiomantas a aibhsiú don [[Bhreatain]] i rith [[An Chéad Chogadh Domhanda|an chogaidh]] * [[1935]] - Lonnaíodh an chéad mhéadar páirceála an domhain i g[[Cathair Oklahoma, Oklahoma]] * [[1945]] - Tháinig [[Winston Churchill]], [[Harry S. Truman]] agus [[Iósaf Stailín]] le chéile chun an bua in aghaidh na [[An Ghearmáin|Gearmáine]] a phlé * [[1951]] - D'éirigh [[Leopold III na Beilge]] as an choróin agus thóg a mhac, [[Baudouin na Beilge|Baudouin]], a áit * [[1951]] - D'fhoilsigh [[J. D. Salinger]] a leabhar ''The Catcher in the Rye'' * [[1969]] - Lainseáil [[Apollo 11]] ó [[Cape Kennedy]] * [[1979]] - D'éirigh [[Saddam Hussein]] ina Uachtarán [[an Iaráic|na hIaráice]] * [[1999]] - Bhásaigh [[John F. Kennedy, Jr.]], a bhean chéile [[Carolyn Bessette Kennedy]] agus a deirfiúr [[Lauren Bassette]] i [[Tuairt eitleáin John F. Kennedy Jr.|dtimpiste eitleáin]] in aice le [[Martha's Vineyard]] * [[2019]] - Thit foirgneamh, a bhí 100 bliain d'aois, i [[Mumbai]], [[An India]]. Maraíodh deichniúr. <!-- idirvicí --> [[Catagóir:Dátaí|0716]] [[Catagóir:Míonna|Iúil, 16]] 6q3r9hza67hvl0035u6y06hc633adc4 0 18307 1320710 1313814 2026-07-16T05:43:59Z Seachránaí 53315 Catagóirí 1320710 wikitext text/x-wiki {{WD Bosca Sonraí Duine}} Is [[fuirseoir]], láithreoir teilifíse agus aisteoir [[Sasana]]ch é '''Russell Edward Brand''' (a rugadh in [[Essex]] ar an [[4 Meitheamh]] [[1974]]). Níl aon eagla uirthi roimh chonspóid de gach saghas. Fear mór ban atá ann agus sa bhliain 2023, líomhnaíodh go ndearna Brand ionsaithe gnéis ar roinnt ban, [[éigniú]] san áireamh.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/culture/2023/sep/16/russell-brand-accused-of-sexual-assault-and-emotional-abuse|teideal=Russell Brand accused of rape, sexual assault and emotional abuse|údar=Kevin Rawlinson, Nadeem Badshah|dáta=2023-09-16|language=en-GB|work=The Observer|dátarochtana=2023-09-17}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Lua idirlín|url=https://extrag.ie/2023/09/18/siamsaiocht/bbc-imscrudu-i-russell-brand/|teideal=Cuireann an BBC tús le himscrúdú i Russell Brand|údar=extrag.ie|dáta=2023-09-18|language=ga-IE|dátarochtana=2023-09-18}}</ref> Bhain na cúiseanna le heachtraí a tharla, más fíor, thar roinnt mhaith blianta nuair a bhí Brand i mbarr a réime. Ba sa tréimhse sin, sna 2000idí, a bhíodh Brand le cloisteáil go minic ar raidió, le feiceáil ar an teilifís agus ag aisteoireacht i scannáin.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Cúiseanna tromchúiseacha i gcoinne Russell Brand|url=https://www.rte.ie/news/nuacht/2023/0917/1405838-cuiseanna-tromchuiseacha-i-gcoinne-russell-brand/|date=2023-09-17|language=ga-IE|author=Nuacht RTÉ}}</ref> Sa bhliain 2023/2024, d'éirigh sé ina Chríostaí athbheirthe agus anois tugann sé tacaíocht ghníomhach do dhaoine atá i bhfad amach ar an eite dheis, [[Donald Trump]] san áireamh.<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/tv/features/russell-brand-tucker-carlson-jesus-god-baptism-b2610862.html|teideal=How Russell Brand is combining religious right wing conspiracy to fuel his come back|dáta=2024-09-11|language=en|work=The Independent|dátarochtana=2024-09-16}}</ref> Tá sé i bhfách go mór leis an lucht comhcheilge. [[Íomhá:Russell Brand 2008.jpg|clé|mion|2008]] [[Íomhá:Russell Brand Topless London Revolution Protest (16113119550).jpg|clé|mion|2014]] == Gairm == ==== Fuirseoireacht ar na boinn ==== [[Íomhá:Russell Brand London Revolution Protest 2 (cropped).jpg|clé|mion|2014]] Bhí a chéad seó grinn mór le rá ag Russell nuair a ghlac sé páirt i gcomórtas grinn, ''The Hackney Empire New Act of the Year'', sa bhliain 2002. Níor bhuaigh sé ach spreag sé suim John Noel, gníomhaire a bhí i láthair ag an ócáid. Bhí a chéad chamchuairt náisiúnta aige i 2006, ''Shame'' an t-ainm a bhí ai''r'', a bhí bunaithe ar scéalta náireacha a tharla dó. Ó shin tá cur i láthair déanta aige i ''Little Britain Live'' agus ''The Secret Policeman's Ball'' chomh maith le camchuairt náisiúnta eile i 2007. ==== Láithreoir teilifíse ==== Thosaigh Russell a ghairm teilifíse ar [[MTV]] ach chaill sé a phost i 2001 toisc gur ghléas sé suas mar [[Osama bin Laden]] an lá i ndiaidh [[9/11]]. Sa bhliain 2002 rinne sé ''RE:brand'' ar stáisiún satailíte [[UK Play]], i ngach eagrán rinne sé gníomh sáraithe geise. Sa bhliain 2004 thosaigh sé mar láithreoir ar [[E4]], agus seó darbh ainm ''Big Brother's Big Mouth''. D'fhág sé an clár i 2007 ach ghlac sé páirt i ''Big Brother Celebrity Hijack'' i 2008. Níor éirigh rómhaith le clár eile a bhí aige ar E4 darbh ainm ''Russell Brand's Got Issues'', níor mhair ach sraith amháin. Rinne sé clár grinn ar na boinn darbh ainm ''Ponderland'' ar [[Channel 4]] i 2007, tosóidh an dara sraith sa gheimhreadh 2008. ==== Aisteoireacht ==== Bhí páirt ag Russell sa dráma coirscéalta ''The Bill'', chomh maith leis an gclár grinn ''The Abbey'' i 2007. Bhí a chéad ról mór le rá aige sa scannán [[Hollywood]] 2008 ''Forgetting Sarah Marshall'', fuair sé léirmheasanna iontacha dá pháirt agus d'éirigh sé i bhfad níos cáiliúla i [[SAM|Meiriceá]]. Bhí mionpháirt aige sa scannán ''Penelope'' sa bhliain 2007 chomh maith le ról i ''St. Trinians'' mar Flash Harry. Bhí ról eile aige sa scannán ''Bedtime Stories'' le [[Adam Sandler]]. ==== Raidió ==== Thosaigh gairm Russell ar an [[raidió]] i 2002 ar Xfm. Ach chaill sé a phost toisc gur léigh sé ábhar pornagrafach ar an aer. In Aibreán 2006 fuair sé post ar [[BBC]] 6Music. Bhog sé thall go BBC Radio 2 i mí na Samhna den bhliain chéanna. Mheall an clár 2 milliún éisteoir. Tugadh an bóthar dó sa bhliain 2008. == Conspóidí == Fear mór ban atá ann. Bronnadh "''Shagger of the Year"'' air sa bhliain 2006 agus arís in 2007. Bhí Brand pósta le [[Katy Perry]] ó 23 Deireadh Fómhair 2010 go dtí Iúil 2012. Bhí, nó tá, Brand tugtha don [[hearóin]]. Sa bhliain 2023, líomhnaigh na nuachtáin lathaí i Sasana go ndearna Brand ionsaithe gnéis ar roinnt ban, [[éigniú]] san áireamh (lena n-áirítear cailín scoile 16 bliana d'aois).<ref name=":0" /> Shéan Brand na líomhaintí ar fad a bhí ina choinne. Ach chuir an BBC tús le imscrúdú agus chuir [[Channel 4|Channel4]] cosc láithreach ar a chuid cláir.<ref name=":1" /> D'fhógair Póilíní Cathrach Londain go raibh fiosrúcháin seolta ag bleachtairí. Thug [[Andrew Tate]] agus [[Elon Musk]], banaithe eile, tacaíocht do Brand.<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://news.sky.com/story/russell-brand-elon-musk-and-andrew-tate-join-fans-reacting-to-allegations-as-bbc-urgently-looking-into-issues-12963122|teideal=Russell Brand: Elon Musk and Andrew Tate join fans reacting to allegations - as BBC 'urgently looking into issues'|language=en|work=Sky News|dátarochtana=2023-09-18}}</ref> == Féach freisin == * [[Andrew Tate]] == Gradaim == {| | valign="top" width="50%"| * '''[[Time Out]]''' ** 2006 Best Stand-Up<ref>{{Lua idirlín |url=http://www.timeout.com/features/liveawards/winners.php?cat=comedy |teideal=20th Time Out Live Awards Winners - Comedy |dátarochtana=2008-09-04 |archivedate=2006-08-21 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060821033845/http://www.timeout.com/features/liveawards/winners.php?cat=comedy }}</ref> * '''[[GQ]]''' ** ''Most Stylish Man of the Year 2006''<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/5319176.stm McCartney is GQ's Man of the Year]</ref> ** ''Least Stylish Man of the Year 2007''<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/6517341.stm Bond actor is 'most stylish' star]</ref> ** ''Least Stylish Man of the Year 2008''<ref>{{Lua idirlín |url=http://www.digitalspy.co.uk/showbiz/a92628/russell-brand-named-worst-dressed-man.html |teideal=Russell Brand named 'worst-dressed man' |dátarochtana=2008-09-04 |archivedate=2008-09-22 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080922000135/http://www.digitalspy.co.uk/showbiz/a92628/russell-brand-named-worst-dressed-man.html }}</ref> * '''[[Loaded (magazine)|Loaded]] Laftas 2006''' ** ''2006 Funniest Man''<ref>{{Lua idirlín |url=http://www.loaded.co.uk/laftas |teideal=Loaded Laftas |dátarochtana=2008-09-04 |archivedate=2010-06-03 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100603155700/http://www.loaded.co.uk/laftas }}</ref> * '''[[British Comedy Awards]]''' ** ''Best Newcomer 2006''<ref>{{Lua idirlín |url=http://www.thisislondon.co.uk/showbiz/article-21205155-details/Little+Britain%27s+big+win/article.do |teideal=Little Britain's big win |dátarochtana=2008-09-04 |archivedate=2008-06-09 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080609224616/http://www.thisislondon.co.uk/showbiz/article-21205155-details/Little+Britain%27s+big+win/article.do }}</ref> * '''[[Broadcasting Press Guild|33rd Annual Television and Radio Awards Broadcasting Press Guild]]''' ** ''Best Television Performer In A Non-Acting Role''<ref>[http://www.broadcastingpressguild.org/ Broadcasting Press Guild]</ref> | valign="top" width="50%"| * '''[[People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals|PETA Europe]]''' ** ''Europe's Sexiest Vegetarian 2006''<ref>{{Lua idirlín |url=http://www.peta.org.uk/feat/sexyveg2006_winners.asp |teideal=Fearne Cotton and Russell Brand Voted 'Sexiest Vegetarians' |dátarochtana=2008-09-04 |archivedate=2008-05-17 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080517231032/http://www.peta.org.uk/feat/sexyveg2006_winners.asp }}</ref> ** ''Europe's Sexiest Vegetarian 2007''<ref name=peta2007>{{Lua idirlín |url=http://www.peta.org.uk/feat/sexyvegwinners2007.asp |teideal=Fiona Phillips and Russell Brand Named PETA Europe's Sexiest Vegetarian Celebrities of 2007 |dátarochtana=2008-09-04 |archivedate=2008-05-10 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080510111442/http://www.peta.org.uk/feat/sexyvegwinners2007.asp }}</ref> ** ''World's Sexiest Vegetarian 2007''<ref name=peta2007 /> * '''[[Channel 4]]'s 100 Greatest Stand-Ups ''' ** 69ú * '''[[The Sun]]''' ** ''Shagger of the Year 2006'' ** ''Shagger of the Year 2007'' |} == Obair Roghnaithe == {| | valign="top" width="50%"| === Cláir === * ''[[Friday Night with Jonathan Ross]]'' (2006, 2007 x2, 2008) * ''[[Rob Brydon's Annually Retentive]]'' (2006) * ''[[Soccer AM]]'' (2006) * ''[[Secret Policeman's Ball]]'' (2006) * ''[[The Big Fat Quiz of the Year#2006 Programme|The Big Fat Quiz of the Year 2006]]'' (2006) * ''[[Teenage Cancer Trust|Teenage Cancer Trust Benefit]]'' (2007) * ''[[The Culture Show]]'' (2007) * ''[[The Paul O'Grady Show]]'' (2007) * ''[[Dawn French's Boys Who Do Comedy]]'' (2007) * ''[[Have I Got News For You]]'' (2007) * ''[[The Graham Norton Show]]'' (2007) * ''[[The Big Fat Quiz of the Year#2007 Programme|The Big Fat Quiz of the Year 2007]]'' (2007) * ''[[Big Brother: Celebrity Hijack]]'' (2008) * ''[[The Tonight Show with Jay Leno]]'' (2008 x3) * ''[[The Late Show with David Letterman]]'' (2008) * ''[[Late Night with Conan O'Brien]]'' (2008) === DVDs === * Russell Brand: Live (2006) * Russell Brand: Doing Life (2007) | valign="top" width="50%"| === Scannáin === * ''[[St Trinian's (2007 film)|St Trinian's]]'' (2007) mar [[Flash Harry]] * ''[[Penelope (2008 film)|Penelope]]'' (2008) mar Sam * ''[[Forgetting Sarah Marshall]]'' (2008) mar Aldous Snow * ''[[Bedtime Stories (film)|Bedtime Stories]]'' (2008) mar Mickey * ''[[Get Him to the Greek]]'' (2009) mar Aldous Snow <ref>''[[Richard & Judy]]'' – [[11 Iúil]] [[2008]]</ref> === Dlúthdhioscaí === * Russell Brand: Live (2006) * Russell Brand: Doing Life (2007) * [[Forgetting Sarah Marshall#Soundtrack|Forgetting Sarah Marshall: Original Soundtrack]] (2008) * [[My Booky Wook]] (2008) * [[Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band#40th anniversary re-recording|Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band (Comóradh 40 bliain)]] (TBA) === Leabhair === * [[My Booky Wook]] (2007) * Irons in the Fire (2007) * Articles of Faith (2008) |} == Tagairtí == {{reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Brand, Russell}} [[Catagóir:Daoine a rugadh i 1974]] [[Catagóir:Daoine beo]] [[Catagóir:Aisteoirí Sasanacha]] [[Catagóir:Críostaithe]] [[Catagóir:Daoine cúisithe as coireanna gnéis]] [[Catagóir:Essex]] [[Catagóir:Fir]] [[Catagóir:Fuirseoirí Sasanacha]] [[Catagóir:Láithreoirí teilifíse Sasanacha]] [[Catagóir:Lucht comhcheilge]] a8pw2l7izvmb6f8z94lagvg8vctqeoh 0 19576 1320644 1292937 2026-07-15T14:18:25Z TGcoa 21229 1320644 wikitext text/x-wiki {{WD Bosca Sonraí Duine}}[[Sagart]], duine léinn agus [[scríbhneoir]] ab ea '''Pádraig Ó Fiannachta''' ([[1927]]– [[15 Iúil]] [[2016]]);<ref name='Ainm'>{{Cite web-en|url=https://www.ainm.ie/Bio.aspx?ID=5025|title=Ó FIANNACHTA, Pádraig (1927–2016) {{!}} ainm.ie|author=[[Diarmuid Breathnach]] agus [[Máire Ní Mhurchú]]|access-date=2024-02-19|language=ga|work=[[Ainm.ie|An Bunachar Náisiúnta Beathaisnéisí Gaeilge]] (Ainm.ie)}}</ref> "duine de mhórscoláirí na Gaeilge agus na hÉireann", de réir tuairisc.ie, agus "ba fhathach in iomaire an léinn, an aistriúcháin agus na foilsitheoireachta é an Monsignor Pádraig Ó Fiannachta"<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://tuairisc.ie/padraig-o-fiannachta-duine-de-mhorscolairi-na-heireann-imithe-ar-shli-na-firinne/|teideal=Pádraig Ó Fiannachta, duine de mhórscoláirí na hÉireann, imithe ar shlí na fírinne|údar=tuairisc.ie|dáta=2016|dátarochtana=}}</ref>. [[Íomhá:Dinglechurch.jpg|mion|clé|Naomh Muire an Daingin|220x220px]] == Saol == I mBaile Móir, sa [[An Daingean|Daingean]], [[Contae Chiarraí|Co. Chiarraí]] a rugadh Pádraig Ó Fiannachta. Cailleadh triúr dá dheartháireacha go hóg, duine acu ag aois a dhá bhliain go leith. Is amhlaidh a bádh an bheirt eile.<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=http://www.beo.ie/alt-padraig-o-fiannachta.aspx|teideal=Pádraig Ó Fiannachta agallamh Beo|údar=Beo, eagrán 24|dáta=Aibreán 2003|dátarochtana=}}</ref> Chuir bás a athar isteach go mór air chomh maith; ní raibh seisean ach seacht mbliana is daichead d’aois nuair a cailleadh é agus d’fhág sé seachtar clainne ina dhiaidh. Léirigh sé spéis sa tsagartóireacht óna óige.<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=http://www.feasta.ie/2016/meanf/alt5.html|teideal=An Moinsíneoir Pádraig Ó Fiannachta ar Shlí na Fírinne|údar=Feasta, le Pádraig Ó Héalaí|dáta=2016|dátarochtana=|archivedate=2017-11-19|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171119034827/http://www.feasta.ie/2016/meanf/alt5.html}}</ref> Tar éis a thréimhse [[Meánscoil|meánscolaíocht]]<nowiki/>a i gColáiste Bhréanainn i g[[Cill Áine|Cill Airne]] thug sé aghaidh ar [[Maigh Nuad|Mhaigh Nuad]]. Ghnóthaigh sé céim BA sa Léann Ceilteach ann. Ach bhuail taom tinnis é go luath ag an am céanna. B’éigean dó [[Coláiste Phádraig, Má Nuad]] a fhágáil. Tuigeadh go luath go raibh mianach an scoláire mhóir ann agus moladh dó tréimhse a thabhairt sa [[An Bhreatain Bheag|Bhreatain Bheag]] le [[An Bhreatnais|Breatnais]] a fhoghlaim i gceart. Chaith sé bliain ansin ag obair ar [[Feirm|fheirm]]. Bhain sé an tArdteastas san Oideachas amach i g[[Coláiste na hOllscoile, Corcaigh]] agus ansin moladh dó MA a dhéanamh, rud a rinne sé. Thug Ó Fiannachta aghaidh ar an mBreatain Bheag arís. Chríochnaigh sé a chúrsa diagachta i gColáiste na Naomh Uile, mar ar oirníodh ina shagart é do dheoise Myfynwy sa Bhreatain Bheag i 1953. Thug sé sé bliana ag obair ann mar shagart agus ag múineadh i m[[bunscoil]]<nowiki/>eanna. Ceapadh Ó Fiannachta ina léachtóir le [[An tSean-Ghaeilge|Sean]]- is [[An Mheán-Ghaeilge|Meán-Ghaeilge]] agus [[An Bhreatnais|Breatnais]] i Maigh Nuad i 1959. Ceapadh ina [[ollamh]] sna hábhair sin é i 1961, agus ina ollamh le [[Nua-Ghaeilge]] sa bhliain 1981. Bhí sé ina shagart paróiste sa [[An Daingean|Daingean]] ó 1993, gar dá cheantar dúchais i gCiarraí. Bhí rud eisceachtúil é sagart a chur thar n-ais go dtí a pharóiste dúchais féin. [[Íomhá:St. Mary's Church, Dingle, Nave 20150803 1.jpg|mion|Naomh Muire an Daingin|220x220px]] Craoladh clár a rinne léargas ar an bhfear léannta seo sna 2000idí ar [[Raidió Teilifís Éireann|RTÉ]]. [[Íomhá:Maynooth University.jpg|mion|[[Ollscoil na hÉireann, Má Nuad]]|220x220px]][[Íomhá:Maynooth University Library.jpg|mion|An [[Leabharlann]], [[Ollscoil na hÉireann, Má Nuad]]|293x293px]][[Íomhá:Holy Bible.JPG|mion|An Bíobla Naofa|220x220px]] == Foilseacháin == Ba dhuine an-intleachtúil é. Is iomaí leabhar a bhí scríofa ag an Ollamh Ó Fiannachta agus is iomaí fós leabhar a raibh baint aige leo mar eagarthóir, mar chomhairleoir agus mar [[Foilsitheoireacht|fhoilsitheoir]].<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://portraidi.ie/en/padraig-o-fiannachta/|teideal=Pádraig Ó Fiannachta|údar=portraidi.ie|dáta=|dátarochtana=}}</ref> Léiríonn an chéad leabhar uaidh, Comharsa Choimhthíoch, an flosc lenar thug sé faoina dhualgais ansiúd agus an sásamh a bhain sé as úsáid na Breatnaise gach deis dá bhfuair sé. I 1964 bhunaigh Ó Fiannachta comhlacht foilsitheoireachta, An Sagart, a bhfuil an iliomad scothleabhar curtha ar fáil faoina inphrionta. Orthu sin tá a scagadh féin ar an litríocht i saothair mar ''Léas ar Ár Litríocht'', ''An Barántas'', ''Scéalaíocht Ár Sinsear'', agus an lámhleabhar gramadaí, ''Sean-Ghaeilge gan Dua'', a chuir sé le chéile mar threoir don léitheoir ar an gcuid is seanda den [[litríocht]]. Ceithre bliana is tríocha a thug an Ollamh Ó Fiannachta ag obair san [[Ollscoil na hÉireann, Má Nuad]]. I rith na tréimhse sin bhí sé mar Ollamh le Sean-Ghaeilge agus le Nua-Ghaeilge; d’aistrigh sé an [[An Bíobla|Bíobla]] go Gaeilge agus d’oibrigh sé ar fhoclóir Sean-Ghaeilge. Dúirt an scoláire cáiliúil Dáithí Ó hUaithne leis gurb í an obair is tábhachtaí a rinne sé riamh ná ''An Barrántas'' a fhoilsiú. Bailiúchán de na barrántais go léir a bhí ann. Bhí scríofa aige mar shampla: *saothair [[Filíocht na Gaeilge|filíochta]] (''Ponc'', 1970; ''Rúin'', 1971; ''Deora Dé'', 1988;''Léim an Dá Mhíle'', 1999; tá rogha dá shaothar le fáil sa tsraith ''Guth an Ealaíontóra'' (Cló Iar-Chonnachta, 1993), *[[úrscéal]]<nowiki/>ta dírb[[Beathaisnéis|heathaisnéis]]<nowiki/>e (''An Chomharsa Choimhthíoch'', 1957; ''Ag Siúl na Teorann'', 1984) agus * critic liteartha (''Léas ar Ár Litríocht'', 1974; ''Léas ar Ár Litríocht'', 1982). srl. Bhí ceithre leabhar taistil, leabhar urnaithe, agus leabhair Teagasc Críostaí, agus cláir lámhscríbhinní foilsithe aige chomh maith. Bhí Ó Fiannachta ina * chomheagarthóir ar ''Dictionary of the Irish Language'' a d'fhoilsigh [[Acadamh Ríoga na hÉireann]]; * eagarthóir ó bhí 1970 ann ar an tsraith bhliantúil léachtaí dar teideal ''Léachtaí Cholm Cille'' a reáchtáltar i Má Nuad gach bliain agus a foilsítear ina dhiaidh sin; * agus go háirithe, eagarthóir ar [[An Bíobla as Gaeilge|Bhíobla Ghaeilge Mhá Nuad]] a foilsíodh in 1981, srl. Bronnadh gradam liteartha [[Dubhghlas de hÍde|Dhubhghlas de hÍde]] air sa bhliain 1969. Foilsíodh [[féilscríbhinn]] dó faoin teideal ''Stair na Gaeilge: in ómós do Pádraig Ó Fiannachta'' (An Sagart, 1994). Sa bhliain 1996, bhunaigh Ó Fiannachta '[[An Díseart (institiúid)|An Díseart]]', Institiúid [[Oideachas|Oideachais]] agus [[Cultúr|Chultúr]] Dúchais, sa Daingean. === [[An Bíobla as Gaeilge]] === I 1966 bhunaigh an Cliarlathas Caitliceach coiste stiúrtha chun aistriúchán ar an mBíobla ó na bunteangacha go Gaeilge a sholáthar agus ceapadh Pádraig mar rúnaí ar an gcoiste le cúram an fhoilsithe air chomh maith. Ba é a bhí ar thosach cadhnaíochta ar aistriú an Bhíobla go Gaeilge; foilsíodh i Má Nuad sa bhliain [[1981]] an chéad aistriúchán Caitliceach den Bhíobla ina iomláine (na leabhair Dheotracanónta san áireamh) ó na bunteangacha inar scríobhadh é.<ref>{{Lua idirlín |url=http://www.anbioblanaofa.org/pdf/470Sois.pdf |teideal=AnBioblaNaofa.org |dátarochtana=2018-07-15 |archivedate=2016-08-05 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160805012901/http://www.anbioblanaofa.org/pdf/470Sois.pdf }}</ref> D’aistrigh sé tuairim is leath de é féin ón mbunleagan Eabhraise agus Gréigise mar aon le heagarthóireacht a dhéanamh ar an leath eile. Tá moladh mór faighte ag caighdeán an aistriúcháin, agus é ráite ag an gCairdinéal Tomás Ó Fiaich ‘nach mbeadh sé mí-oiriúnach Bíobla Uí Fhiannachta’ a thabhairt ar an éacht aistriúcháin seo. == Foinsí == * Ó Dúshláine, Tadhg, 'Pádraig Ó Fiannachta', ''The Encyclopedia of Ireland'', Gill & Macmillan Ltd (2003) * Ó Glaisne, Risteárd, ''Pádraig Ó Fiannachta'', An Sagart, (1996) * Ó Héalaí, Pádraig, ‘Fear an Leabhair: Pádraig Ó Fiannachta’, in K. McCone et al., ‘Stair na Gaeilge‘, Roinn na Sean-Ghaeilge, Ollscoil na hÉireann, Maigh Nuad (1994), 1-22. == Naisc sheachtracha == * [https://www.ainm.ie/Bio.aspx?ID=5025 Pádraig ó Fiannachta, ''Ainm.ie''] * [http://tuairisc.ie/padraig-o-fiannachta-duine-de-mhorscolairi-na-heireann-imithe-ar-shli-na-firinne/ Pádraig Ó Fiannachta, duine de mhórscoláirí na hÉireann, imithe ar shlí na fírinne] - Tuairisc.ie, 2016-07-15 * [http://www.beo.ie/alt-padraig-o-fiannachta.aspx Pádraig Ó Fiannachta] - agallamh Beo, eagrán 24, 2003-04 == Tagairtí == {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Fiannachta, Pádraig Ó}} [[Catagóir:Scríbhneoirí Éireannacha]] [[Catagóir:Scríbhneoirí Éireannacha]] [[Catagóir:Scoláirí Gaeilge]] [[Catagóir:Daoine a rugadh i 1927]] [[Catagóir:Básanna in 2016]] [[Catagóir:Daoine as Contae Chiarraí]] gi0wpmqyomjiboniqddu7ag9vz3on97 1320645 1320644 2026-07-15T14:38:44Z TGcoa 21229 /* Naisc sheachtracha */ 1320645 wikitext text/x-wiki {{WD Bosca Sonraí Duine}}[[Sagart]], duine léinn agus [[scríbhneoir]] ab ea '''Pádraig Ó Fiannachta''' ([[1927]]– [[15 Iúil]] [[2016]]);<ref name='Ainm'>{{Cite web-en|url=https://www.ainm.ie/Bio.aspx?ID=5025|title=Ó FIANNACHTA, Pádraig (1927–2016) {{!}} ainm.ie|author=[[Diarmuid Breathnach]] agus [[Máire Ní Mhurchú]]|access-date=2024-02-19|language=ga|work=[[Ainm.ie|An Bunachar Náisiúnta Beathaisnéisí Gaeilge]] (Ainm.ie)}}</ref> "duine de mhórscoláirí na Gaeilge agus na hÉireann", de réir tuairisc.ie, agus "ba fhathach in iomaire an léinn, an aistriúcháin agus na foilsitheoireachta é an Monsignor Pádraig Ó Fiannachta"<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://tuairisc.ie/padraig-o-fiannachta-duine-de-mhorscolairi-na-heireann-imithe-ar-shli-na-firinne/|teideal=Pádraig Ó Fiannachta, duine de mhórscoláirí na hÉireann, imithe ar shlí na fírinne|údar=tuairisc.ie|dáta=2016|dátarochtana=}}</ref>. [[Íomhá:Dinglechurch.jpg|mion|clé|Naomh Muire an Daingin|220x220px]] == Saol == I mBaile Mór, sa [[An Daingean|Daingean]], [[Contae Chiarraí|Co. Chiarraí]] a rugadh Pádraig Ó Fiannachta. Cailleadh triúr dá dheartháireacha go hóg, duine acu ag aois a dhá bhliain go leith. Is amhlaidh a bádh an bheirt eile.<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=http://www.beo.ie/alt-padraig-o-fiannachta.aspx|teideal=Pádraig Ó Fiannachta agallamh Beo|údar=Beo, eagrán 24|dáta=Aibreán 2003|dátarochtana=}}</ref> Chuir bás a athar isteach go mór air chomh maith; ní raibh seisean ach seacht mbliana is daichead d’aois nuair a cailleadh é agus d’fhág sé seachtar clainne ina dhiaidh. Léirigh sé spéis sa tsagartóireacht óna óige.<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=http://www.feasta.ie/2016/meanf/alt5.html|teideal=An Moinsíneoir Pádraig Ó Fiannachta ar Shlí na Fírinne|údar=Feasta, le Pádraig Ó Héalaí|dáta=2016|dátarochtana=|archivedate=2017-11-19|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171119034827/http://www.feasta.ie/2016/meanf/alt5.html}}</ref> Tar éis a thréimhse [[Meánscoil|meánscolaíocht]]<nowiki/>a i gColáiste Bhréanainn i g[[Cill Airne]] thug sé aghaidh ar [[Maigh Nuad|Mhaigh Nuad]]. Ghnóthaigh sé céim BA sa Léann Ceilteach ann. Ach bhuail taom tinnis é go luath ag an am céanna. B’éigean dó [[Coláiste Phádraig, Má Nuad]] a fhágáil. Tuigeadh go luath go raibh mianach an scoláire mhóir ann agus moladh dó tréimhse a thabhairt sa [[An Bhreatain Bheag|Bhreatain Bheag]] le [[An Bhreatnais|Breatnais]] a fhoghlaim i gceart. Chaith sé bliain ansin ag obair ar [[Feirm|fheirm]]. Bhain sé an tArdteastas san Oideachas amach i g[[Coláiste na hOllscoile, Corcaigh]] agus ansin moladh dó MA a dhéanamh, rud a rinne sé. Thug Ó Fiannachta aghaidh ar an mBreatain Bheag arís. Chríochnaigh sé a chúrsa diagachta i gColáiste na Naomh Uile, mar ar oirníodh ina shagart é do dheoise ''[[Mynwy (Toghcheantar na Ríochta Aontaithe)|Mynwy]]'' (Monmouth) sa Bhreatain Bheag i 1953. Thug sé sé bliana ag obair ann mar shagart agus ag múineadh i m[[bunscoil]]<nowiki/>eanna. Ceapadh Ó Fiannachta ina léachtóir le [[An tSean-Ghaeilge|Sean]]- is [[An Mheán-Ghaeilge|Meán-Ghaeilge]] agus [[An Bhreatnais|Breatnais]] i Maigh Nuad i 1959. Ceapadh ina [[ollamh]] sna hábhair sin é i 1961, agus ina ollamh le [[Nua-Ghaeilge]] sa bhliain 1981. Bhí sé ina shagart paróiste sa [[An Daingean|Daingean]] ó 1993, gar dá cheantar dúchais i gCiarraí. Ba rud eisceachtúil é sagart a chur thar n-ais go dtí a pharóiste dúchais féin. [[Íomhá:St. Mary's Church, Dingle, Nave 20150803 1.jpg|mion|Naomh Muire an Daingin|220x220px]] Craoladh clár a thug léargas ar an bhfear léannta seo sna 2000idí ar [[Raidió Teilifís Éireann|RTÉ]]. [[Íomhá:Maynooth University.jpg|mion|[[Ollscoil na hÉireann, Má Nuad]]|220x220px]][[Íomhá:Maynooth University Library.jpg|mion|An [[Leabharlann]], [[Ollscoil na hÉireann, Má Nuad]]|293x293px]][[Íomhá:Holy Bible.JPG|mion|An Bíobla Naofa|220x220px]] == Foilseacháin == Ba dhuine an-intleachtúil é. Is iomaí leabhar a bhí scríofa ag an Ollamh Ó Fiannachta agus is iomaí fós leabhar a raibh baint aige leo mar eagarthóir, mar chomhairleoir agus mar [[Foilsitheoireacht|fhoilsitheoir]].<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://portraidi.ie/en/padraig-o-fiannachta/|teideal=Pádraig Ó Fiannachta|údar=portraidi.ie|dáta=|dátarochtana=}}</ref> Léiríonn an chéad leabhar uaidh, Comharsa Choimhthíoch, an flosc lenar thug sé faoina dhualgais ansiúd agus an sásamh a bhain sé as úsáid na Breatnaise gach deis dá bhfuair sé. I 1964 bhunaigh Ó Fiannachta comhlacht foilsitheoireachta, An Sagart, a bhfuil an iliomad scothleabhar curtha ar fáil faoina inphrionta. Orthu sin tá a scagadh féin ar an litríocht i saothair mar ''Léas ar Ár Litríocht'', ''An Barántas'', ''Scéalaíocht Ár Sinsear'', agus an lámhleabhar gramadaí, ''Sean-Ghaeilge gan Dua'', a chuir sé le chéile mar threoir don léitheoir ar an gcuid is seanda den [[litríocht]]. Ceithre bliana is tríocha a thug an Ollamh Ó Fiannachta ag obair in [[Ollscoil na hÉireann, Má Nuad]]. I rith na tréimhse sin bhí sé mar Ollamh le Sean-Ghaeilge agus le Nua-Ghaeilge; d’aistrigh sé an [[An Bíobla|Bíobla]] go Gaeilge agus d’oibrigh sé ar fhoclóir Sean-Ghaeilge. Dúirt an scoláire cáiliúil Dáithí Ó hUaithne leis gurb í an obair is tábhachtaí a rinne sé riamh ná ''An Barrántas'' a fhoilsiú. Bailiúchán de na barrántais go léir a bhí ann. Bhí scríofa aige mar shampla: *saothair [[Filíocht na Gaeilge|filíochta]] (''Ponc'', 1970; ''Rúin'', 1971; ''Deora Dé'', 1988;''Léim an Dá Mhíle'', 1999; tá rogha dá shaothar le fáil sa tsraith ''Guth an Ealaíontóra'' (Cló Iar-Chonnachta, 1993), *[[úrscéal]]<nowiki/>ta dírb[[Beathaisnéis|heathaisnéis]]<nowiki/>e (''An Chomharsa Choimhthíoch'', 1957; ''Ag Siúl na Teorann'', 1984) agus * critic liteartha (''Léas ar Ár Litríocht'', 1974; ''Léas ar Ár Litríocht'', 1982). srl. Bhí ceithre leabhar taistil, leabhar urnaithe, agus leabhair Teagasc Críostaí, agus cláir lámhscríbhinní foilsithe aige chomh maith. Bhí Ó Fiannachta ina * chomheagarthóir ar ''Dictionary of the Irish Language'' a d'fhoilsigh [[Acadamh Ríoga na hÉireann]]; * eagarthóir ó bhí 1970 ann ar an tsraith bhliantúil léachtaí dar teideal ''Léachtaí Cholm Cille'' a reáchtáltar i Má Nuad gach bliain agus a foilsítear ina dhiaidh sin; * agus go háirithe, eagarthóir ar [[An Bíobla as Gaeilge|Bhíobla Ghaeilge Mhá Nuad]] a foilsíodh in 1981, srl. Bronnadh gradam liteartha [[Dubhghlas de hÍde|Dhubhghlas de hÍde]] air sa bhliain 1969. Foilsíodh [[féilscríbhinn]] dó faoin teideal ''Stair na Gaeilge: in ómós do Pádraig Ó Fiannachta'' (An Sagart, 1994). Sa bhliain 1996, bhunaigh Ó Fiannachta '[[An Díseart (institiúid)|An Díseart]]', Institiúid [[Oideachas|Oideachais]] agus [[Cultúr|Chultúr]] Dúchais, sa Daingean. === [[An Bíobla as Gaeilge]] === I 1966 bhunaigh an Cliarlathas Caitliceach coiste stiúrtha chun aistriúchán ar an mBíobla ó na bunteangacha go Gaeilge a sholáthar agus ceapadh Pádraig mar rúnaí ar an gcoiste le cúram an fhoilsithe air chomh maith. Ba é a bhí ar thosach cadhnaíochta ar aistriú an Bhíobla go Gaeilge; foilsíodh i Má Nuad sa bhliain [[1981]] an chéad aistriúchán Caitliceach den Bhíobla ina iomláine (na leabhair Dheotracanónta san áireamh) ó na bunteangacha inar scríobhadh é.<ref>{{Lua idirlín |url=http://www.anbioblanaofa.org/pdf/470Sois.pdf |teideal=AnBioblaNaofa.org |dátarochtana=2018-07-15 |archivedate=2016-08-05 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160805012901/http://www.anbioblanaofa.org/pdf/470Sois.pdf }}</ref> D’aistrigh sé tuairim is leath de é féin ón mbunleagan Eabhraise agus Gréigise mar aon le heagarthóireacht a dhéanamh ar an leath eile. Bhí moladh mór faighte ag caighdeán an aistriúcháin, agus é ráite ag an gCairdinéal Tomás Ó Fiaich ‘nach mbeadh sé mí-oiriúnach Bíobla Uí Fhiannachta’ a thabhairt ar an éacht aistriúcháin seo. == Foinsí == * Ó Dúshláine, Tadhg, 'Pádraig Ó Fiannachta', ''The Encyclopedia of Ireland'', Gill & Macmillan Ltd (2003) * Ó Glaisne, Risteárd, ''Pádraig Ó Fiannachta'', An Sagart, (1996) * Ó Héalaí, Pádraig, ‘Fear an Leabhair: Pádraig Ó Fiannachta’, in K. McCone et al., ‘Stair na Gaeilge‘, Roinn na Sean-Ghaeilge, Ollscoil na hÉireann, Maigh Nuad (1994), 1-22. == Naisc sheachtracha == * [https://www.ainm.ie/Bio.aspx?ID=5025 Pádraig ó Fiannachta, ''Ainm.ie''] * [http://tuairisc.ie/padraig-o-fiannachta-duine-de-mhorscolairi-na-heireann-imithe-ar-shli-na-firinne/ Pádraig Ó Fiannachta, duine de mhórscoláirí na hÉireann, imithe ar shlí na fírinne] - Tuairisc.ie, 2016-07-15 * [http://www.beo.ie/alt-padraig-o-fiannachta.aspx Pádraig Ó Fiannachta] - agallamh Beo, eagrán 24, 2003-04 == Tagairtí == {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Fiannachta, Pádraig Ó}} [[Catagóir:Scríbhneoirí Éireannacha]] [[Catagóir:Scríbhneoirí Éireannacha]] [[Catagóir:Scoláirí Gaeilge]] [[Catagóir:Daoine a rugadh i 1927]] [[Catagóir:Básanna in 2016]] [[Catagóir:Daoine as Corca Dhuibhne]] try9mj4nx6xc2mtemjaqnbffhxd68aa 10 31311 1320667 1295342 2026-07-15T16:54:18Z Marcas.oduinn 33120 main other 1320667 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Navbox | name = An Rúraíocht | title = [[Miotaseolaíocht na nGael]]: [[An Rúraíocht]] | titlestyle = background:#90db90; | groupstyle = background:#c1e6c1; | belowstyle = background:#c1e6c1; | state = {{{state<includeonly>|autocollapse</includeonly>}}} | group1 = Ulaidh | list1 = [[Bricriu]]&nbsp;• [[Cathbad]]&nbsp;• [[Celtchar]]&nbsp;• [[Conall Cearnach]]&nbsp;• [[Conchobar mac Nessa]]&nbsp;• [[Cú Chulainn]]&nbsp;• [[Deichtine]]&nbsp;• [[Deirdre]]&nbsp;• [[Lóegaire Búadach]]&nbsp;• [[Noisiu]] | group2 = Connachta | list2 = [[Ailill mac Máta]]&nbsp;• [[Bélchú]]&nbsp;• [[Cet mac Mágach]]&nbsp;• [[Ferdiad]]&nbsp;• [[Findabair]]&nbsp;• [[Fliodhas]]&nbsp;• [[Fráech mac Idaith|Fráech]]&nbsp;• [[Méabh]] | group3 = Deoraithe Uladh | list3 = [[Cormac Cond Longas]]&nbsp;• [[Dubthach Dóeltenga]]&nbsp;• [[Fergus mac Róich]] | group4 = Mumha | list4 = [[Conganchnes mac Dedad]]&nbsp;• [[Cú Roí|Cú&nbsp;Roí]]&nbsp;• [[Lugaid mac Con Roí|Lugaid mac Con Roí]] | group5 = Eile | list5 = [[Achall]]&nbsp;• [[Aoife]]&nbsp;• [[Cairpre Nia Fer]]&nbsp;• [[Conaire Mór]]&nbsp;• [[Connla]]&nbsp;• [[Dáire mac Fiachna]]&nbsp;• [[Emer]]&nbsp;• [[Erc mac Cairpri]]&nbsp;• [[Fedelm]]&nbsp;• [[Lugaid Riab nDerg]]&nbsp;• [[Scáthach]]&nbsp;• [[Uathach]] | group6 = Déithe | list6 = [[Bébhinn]]&nbsp;• [[Boand]]&nbsp;• [[Étaín]]&nbsp;• [[Fand]]&nbsp;• [[Flidais]]&nbsp;• [[Lugh|Lú]]&nbsp;• [[Macha]]&nbsp;• [[Midir]]&nbsp;• [[Morrígan]] | group7 = Áiteanna | list7 = [[Cuaille|Cuailnge]]&nbsp;• [[Emain Macha]]&nbsp;• [[Ráth Cruachan|Cruachan]]&nbsp;• [[Iorras]]&nbsp;• [[Mag Mell]]&nbsp;• [[Teamhair na Rí]] | group8 = Airm | list8 = [[Caladbolg]]&nbsp;• [[Fragarach]]&nbsp;• [[Gáe Bulg]]&nbsp;• [[Lúin Celtchair]] | group9 = Ainmhithe | list9 = [[Donn Cuailnge]]&nbsp;• [[Finnbhennach]]&nbsp;• [[Maol]]&nbsp;• [[Liath Macha agus Dub Sainglend]] | group10 = Scéalta | list10 = ''[[Aided Con Culainn]]''&nbsp;• ''[[Aided Óenfhir Aífe]]''&nbsp;• ''[[Compert Con Culainn]]''&nbsp;• ''[[Fled Bricrenn]]''&nbsp;• ''[[Longes Mac n-Uislenn|Longes Mac n&#8209;Uislenn]]''&nbsp;• ''[[Mesca Ulad]]''&nbsp;• ''[[Scéla Mucce Meic Dathó]]''&nbsp;• ''[[Serglige Con Culainn]]''&nbsp;• ''[[Táin Bó Cúailnge]]''&nbsp;• ''[[Táin Bó Flidais]]''&nbsp;• ''[[Tochmarc Emire]]''&nbsp;• ''[[Tochmarc Étaíne]]''&nbsp;• ''[[Togail Bruidne Dá Derga]]'' }} {{main other|[[Catagóir:An Rúraíocht]]}} <noinclude> [[Catagóir:Navbox|Rúraíocht]]</noinclude> eij1augtrw5v18mfw18kfb3vac7tflk 0 35791 1320686 1251427 2026-07-15T20:50:51Z Seachránaí 53315 Catagóirí 1320686 wikitext text/x-wiki {{WD Bosca Sonraí Duine}} Ba é '''Uilliam Máirtín Ó Murchadha''' nó '''William Martin Murphy''' ([[29 Nollaig]] [[1844]] – 25 Meitheamh [[1919]]) a bhí i gceannas ar na fostóirí sa bhliain [[1913]] agus iad ag cur in aghaidh an cheardchumannachais, nuair a briseadh amach an [[Stailc agus Frithdhúnadh 1913 (Baile Átha Cliath)|Stailc agus Frithdhúnadh i mBaile Átha Cliath]]. == Fear gnó == Fear gnó mór-ratha a bhí in Ó Murchadha a rugadh i m[[Beanntraí]] i g[[Contae Chorcaí]] sa bhliain [[1844]]. Sa bhliain [[1913]] bhí sé ina chathaoirleach ar Chomhlacht Aontaithe Tramanna Bhaile Átha Cliath, agus ba leisean an siopa ilrannach Clery's chomh maith leis an óstán Imperial.<ref>{{Lua idirlín |url=http://multitext.ucc.ie/d/James_Larkin |teideal=Cóip cartlainne |dátarochtana=2012-01-27 |archivedate=2015-07-11 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150711203151/http://multitext.ucc.ie/d/James_Larkin }}</ref> Bhí na nuachtáin ''[[Irish Independent]]'', ''Evening Herald'' agus ''Irish Catholic'' faoina smacht freisin, agus bhí sé ina mhór-scairshealbhóir sa chomhlacht farantóireachta ''B&I Line''. Bhí sé ar dhuine den bheagán [[Caitliceachas|Caitliceach]] i saol gnó na h[[Éireann]], ag an am nuair a deireadh le teacht leis [[an Chinsealacht Phrotastúnach]]. == Polaiteoir == [[Náisiúnachas in Éirinn|Náisiúnaí]] tábhachtach a bhí in Ó Murchadha freisin, agus seal caite ina Theachta Parlaiminte in [[Westminster]] aige. Sa saol príobháideach bhí clú an fhir chineálta fhlaithiúil air, agus bhí pá ard ag a lucht oibre i gcomparáid leis na gnólachtaí eile.<ref>{{cite book|last=Desmond|first=Barry|title=No Workers' Republic|url=https://archive.org/details/noworkersrepubli0000desm|year=2009|publisher=Watchword|isbn=9780955724930|pages=[https://archive.org/details/noworkersrepubli0000desm/page/19 19]}}</ref> Bhí Ó Murchadha go mór mór in aghaidh na gceardchumann, ó bhí sé den tuairim nár chóir d'aon duine ón taobh amuigh ladar a chur ina chuid gnóthaí, agus thar aon rud eile bhí sé in aghaidh [[Séamas Mór Ó Lorcáin|an Lorcánaigh]], agus meas an réabhlóidí dhainséaraigh aige air. == 1913 == I mí Iúil [[1913]] tháinig trí chéad fostóir le chéile agus Ó Murchadha sa chathaoir ar an gcruinniú, agus chinn siad ar cur le chéile in aghaidh na gceardchumann. Bhí Ó Murchadha agus na fostóirí eile meáite ar féachaint chuige nach bhféadfadh an Ceardchumann Oibrithe Iompair agus Ilsaothar fódú ceart a dhéanamh i measc lucht oibre [[Baile Átha Cliath|Bhaile Átha Cliath]]. Ar an [[15 Lúnasa]] [[1913]] shacáil Ó Murchadha dhá scór oibrí a bhí, dar leis, ina mbaill den Cheardchumann. I rith na chéad seachtaine eile tugadh bata agus bóthar do thrí chéad duine eile. Ar feadh seacht míonna bhí na mílte is na hathmhílte de lucht oibre Bhaile Átha Cliath. Is é an chiall a bhain an t[[Irish Independent]] as an scéal gurbh é an Lorcánach an bithiúnach, ach ar ndóigh, ba le hÓ Murchadha na nuachtáin seo.<ref> Maume, Patrick: ''The Irish Independent and Empire, 1891-1919'', Simon Potter (ed.) Newspapers and Empire in Ireland and Britain: Reporting the British Empire c.1857-1921 (Dublin, Four Courts Press, 2004) leathnaigh 124–42.</ref> == Féach freisin == * [[Stailc agus Frithdhúnadh 1913 (Baile Átha Cliath)]] == Tagairtí == {{Reflist}} == Léigh freisin == * Morrissey, Thomas: ''William Martin Murphy, Life & Times'' (2011) ISBN 1-906359-62-8 {{DEFAULTSORT:Murphy, William Martin} [[Catagóir:Daoine a rugadh i 1844]] [[Catagóir:Básanna i 1919]] [[Catagóir:Daoine a cuireadh i Reilig Ghlas Naíon]] [[Catagóir:Daoine as Contae Chorcaí]] [[Catagóir:Eagarthóirí Éireannacha]] [[Catagóir:Feisirí de Pharlaimint na Ríochta Aontaithe]] [[Catagóir:Fir]] [[Catagóir:Lucht gnó]] [[Catagóir:Lucht gnó na hÉireann]] [[Catagóir:Polaiteoirí as Baile Átha Cliath]] [[Catagóir:Ré Victeoiriach]] oxi1ovhltl66z4txyvtq3f0yq2cxf09 1320687 1320686 2026-07-15T20:51:15Z Seachránaí 53315 1320687 wikitext text/x-wiki {{WD Bosca Sonraí Duine}} Ba é '''Uilliam Máirtín Ó Murchadha''' nó '''William Martin Murphy''' ([[29 Nollaig]] [[1844]] – 25 Meitheamh [[1919]]) a bhí i gceannas ar na fostóirí sa bhliain [[1913]] agus iad ag cur in aghaidh an cheardchumannachais, nuair a briseadh amach an [[Stailc agus Frithdhúnadh 1913 (Baile Átha Cliath)|Stailc agus Frithdhúnadh i mBaile Átha Cliath]]. == Fear gnó == Fear gnó mór-ratha a bhí in Ó Murchadha a rugadh i m[[Beanntraí]] i g[[Contae Chorcaí]] sa bhliain [[1844]]. Sa bhliain [[1913]] bhí sé ina chathaoirleach ar Chomhlacht Aontaithe Tramanna Bhaile Átha Cliath, agus ba leisean an siopa ilrannach Clery's chomh maith leis an óstán Imperial.<ref>{{Lua idirlín |url=http://multitext.ucc.ie/d/James_Larkin |teideal=Cóip cartlainne |dátarochtana=2012-01-27 |archivedate=2015-07-11 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150711203151/http://multitext.ucc.ie/d/James_Larkin }}</ref> Bhí na nuachtáin ''[[Irish Independent]]'', ''Evening Herald'' agus ''Irish Catholic'' faoina smacht freisin, agus bhí sé ina mhór-scairshealbhóir sa chomhlacht farantóireachta ''B&I Line''. Bhí sé ar dhuine den bheagán [[Caitliceachas|Caitliceach]] i saol gnó na h[[Éireann]], ag an am nuair a deireadh le teacht leis [[an Chinsealacht Phrotastúnach]]. == Polaiteoir == [[Náisiúnachas in Éirinn|Náisiúnaí]] tábhachtach a bhí in Ó Murchadha freisin, agus seal caite ina Theachta Parlaiminte in [[Westminster]] aige. Sa saol príobháideach bhí clú an fhir chineálta fhlaithiúil air, agus bhí pá ard ag a lucht oibre i gcomparáid leis na gnólachtaí eile.<ref>{{cite book|last=Desmond|first=Barry|title=No Workers' Republic|url=https://archive.org/details/noworkersrepubli0000desm|year=2009|publisher=Watchword|isbn=9780955724930|pages=[https://archive.org/details/noworkersrepubli0000desm/page/19 19]}}</ref> Bhí Ó Murchadha go mór mór in aghaidh na gceardchumann, ó bhí sé den tuairim nár chóir d'aon duine ón taobh amuigh ladar a chur ina chuid gnóthaí, agus thar aon rud eile bhí sé in aghaidh [[Séamas Mór Ó Lorcáin|an Lorcánaigh]], agus meas an réabhlóidí dhainséaraigh aige air. == 1913 == I mí Iúil [[1913]] tháinig trí chéad fostóir le chéile agus Ó Murchadha sa chathaoir ar an gcruinniú, agus chinn siad ar cur le chéile in aghaidh na gceardchumann. Bhí Ó Murchadha agus na fostóirí eile meáite ar féachaint chuige nach bhféadfadh an Ceardchumann Oibrithe Iompair agus Ilsaothar fódú ceart a dhéanamh i measc lucht oibre [[Baile Átha Cliath|Bhaile Átha Cliath]]. Ar an [[15 Lúnasa]] [[1913]] shacáil Ó Murchadha dhá scór oibrí a bhí, dar leis, ina mbaill den Cheardchumann. I rith na chéad seachtaine eile tugadh bata agus bóthar do thrí chéad duine eile. Ar feadh seacht míonna bhí na mílte is na hathmhílte de lucht oibre Bhaile Átha Cliath. Is é an chiall a bhain an t[[Irish Independent]] as an scéal gurbh é an Lorcánach an bithiúnach, ach ar ndóigh, ba le hÓ Murchadha na nuachtáin seo.<ref> Maume, Patrick: ''The Irish Independent and Empire, 1891-1919'', Simon Potter (ed.) Newspapers and Empire in Ireland and Britain: Reporting the British Empire c.1857-1921 (Dublin, Four Courts Press, 2004) leathnaigh 124–42.</ref> == Féach freisin == * [[Stailc agus Frithdhúnadh 1913 (Baile Átha Cliath)]] == Tagairtí == {{Reflist}} == Léigh freisin == * Morrissey, Thomas: ''William Martin Murphy, Life & Times'' (2011) ISBN 1-906359-62-8 {{DEFAULTSORT:Murphy, William Martin} [[Catagóir:Daoine a rugadh i 1844]] [[Catagóir:Básanna i 1919]] [[Catagóir:Daoine a cuireadh i Reilig Ghlas Naíon]] [[Catagóir:Daoine as Contae Chorcaí]] [[Catagóir:Eagarthóirí Éireannacha]] [[Catagóir:Feisirí de Pharlaimint na Ríochta Aontaithe]] [[Catagóir:Fir]] [[Catagóir:Lucht gnó na hÉireann]] [[Catagóir:Polaiteoirí as Baile Átha Cliath]] [[Catagóir:Ré Victeoiriach]] pcfgiou2y7csp40mpqa1zw7bwthuc6u 1320688 1320687 2026-07-15T20:51:36Z Seachránaí 53315 1320688 wikitext text/x-wiki {{WD Bosca Sonraí Duine}} Ba é '''Uilliam Máirtín Ó Murchadha''' nó '''William Martin Murphy''' ([[29 Nollaig]] [[1844]] – 25 Meitheamh [[1919]]) a bhí i gceannas ar na fostóirí sa bhliain [[1913]] agus iad ag cur in aghaidh an cheardchumannachais, nuair a briseadh amach an [[Stailc agus Frithdhúnadh 1913 (Baile Átha Cliath)|Stailc agus Frithdhúnadh i mBaile Átha Cliath]]. == Fear gnó == Fear gnó mór-ratha a bhí in Ó Murchadha a rugadh i m[[Beanntraí]] i g[[Contae Chorcaí]] sa bhliain [[1844]]. Sa bhliain [[1913]] bhí sé ina chathaoirleach ar Chomhlacht Aontaithe Tramanna Bhaile Átha Cliath, agus ba leisean an siopa ilrannach Clery's chomh maith leis an óstán Imperial.<ref>{{Lua idirlín |url=http://multitext.ucc.ie/d/James_Larkin |teideal=Cóip cartlainne |dátarochtana=2012-01-27 |archivedate=2015-07-11 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150711203151/http://multitext.ucc.ie/d/James_Larkin }}</ref> Bhí na nuachtáin ''[[Irish Independent]]'', ''Evening Herald'' agus ''Irish Catholic'' faoina smacht freisin, agus bhí sé ina mhór-scairshealbhóir sa chomhlacht farantóireachta ''B&I Line''. Bhí sé ar dhuine den bheagán [[Caitliceachas|Caitliceach]] i saol gnó na h[[Éireann]], ag an am nuair a deireadh le teacht leis [[an Chinsealacht Phrotastúnach]]. == Polaiteoir == [[Náisiúnachas in Éirinn|Náisiúnaí]] tábhachtach a bhí in Ó Murchadha freisin, agus seal caite ina Theachta Parlaiminte in [[Westminster]] aige. Sa saol príobháideach bhí clú an fhir chineálta fhlaithiúil air, agus bhí pá ard ag a lucht oibre i gcomparáid leis na gnólachtaí eile.<ref>{{cite book|last=Desmond|first=Barry|title=No Workers' Republic|url=https://archive.org/details/noworkersrepubli0000desm|year=2009|publisher=Watchword|isbn=9780955724930|pages=[https://archive.org/details/noworkersrepubli0000desm/page/19 19]}}</ref> Bhí Ó Murchadha go mór mór in aghaidh na gceardchumann, ó bhí sé den tuairim nár chóir d'aon duine ón taobh amuigh ladar a chur ina chuid gnóthaí, agus thar aon rud eile bhí sé in aghaidh [[Séamas Mór Ó Lorcáin|an Lorcánaigh]], agus meas an réabhlóidí dhainséaraigh aige air. == 1913 == I mí Iúil [[1913]] tháinig trí chéad fostóir le chéile agus Ó Murchadha sa chathaoir ar an gcruinniú, agus chinn siad ar cur le chéile in aghaidh na gceardchumann. Bhí Ó Murchadha agus na fostóirí eile meáite ar féachaint chuige nach bhféadfadh an Ceardchumann Oibrithe Iompair agus Ilsaothar fódú ceart a dhéanamh i measc lucht oibre [[Baile Átha Cliath|Bhaile Átha Cliath]]. Ar an [[15 Lúnasa]] [[1913]] shacáil Ó Murchadha dhá scór oibrí a bhí, dar leis, ina mbaill den Cheardchumann. I rith na chéad seachtaine eile tugadh bata agus bóthar do thrí chéad duine eile. Ar feadh seacht míonna bhí na mílte is na hathmhílte de lucht oibre Bhaile Átha Cliath. Is é an chiall a bhain an t[[Irish Independent]] as an scéal gurbh é an Lorcánach an bithiúnach, ach ar ndóigh, ba le hÓ Murchadha na nuachtáin seo.<ref> Maume, Patrick: ''The Irish Independent and Empire, 1891-1919'', Simon Potter (ed.) Newspapers and Empire in Ireland and Britain: Reporting the British Empire c.1857-1921 (Dublin, Four Courts Press, 2004) leathnaigh 124–42.</ref> == Féach freisin == * [[Stailc agus Frithdhúnadh 1913 (Baile Átha Cliath)]] == Tagairtí == {{Reflist}} == Léigh freisin == * Morrissey, Thomas: ''William Martin Murphy, Life & Times'' (2011) ISBN 1-906359-62-8 {{DEFAULTSORT:Murphy, William Martin}} [[Catagóir:Daoine a rugadh i 1844]] [[Catagóir:Básanna i 1919]] [[Catagóir:Daoine a cuireadh i Reilig Ghlas Naíon]] [[Catagóir:Daoine as Contae Chorcaí]] [[Catagóir:Eagarthóirí Éireannacha]] [[Catagóir:Feisirí de Pharlaimint na Ríochta Aontaithe]] [[Catagóir:Fir]] [[Catagóir:Lucht gnó na hÉireann]] [[Catagóir:Polaiteoirí as Baile Átha Cliath]] [[Catagóir:Ré Victeoiriach]] rislulfykqqm07snxcjsrob3u1t5ri3 0 36348 1320694 1257116 2026-07-15T21:11:24Z Seachránaí 53315 Catagóirí 1320694 wikitext text/x-wiki {{WD Bosca Sonraí Duine}} Is polaiteoir [[Éireannach]] agus [[Teachta Dála]] don cheantar [[Corcaigh Thuaidh-Lár (Dáilcheantar)|Corcaigh Thuaidh-Lár]] é '''Dara Murphy''' ([[Gaeilge]]: ''Dara Ó Murchú'') (rugadh é [[2 Nollaig]], [[1969]] ). Bhí sé ina Ard-Mhéaraí ar Chorcaigh [[2009]]–10. Tá sé ina bhall d'[[Fine Gael|Fhine Gael]]. Rugadh i n[[Gleann Maghair]], Corcaigh é. Sheas sé san Olltoghchán 2011 agus toghadh é don chéad uair mar TD. D'fhógair sé go mbeidh sé ag dul ar scor in 2020. == Féach freisin == * [[:Catagóir:Corcaigh Thuaidh-Lár (Dáilcheantar)|Polaiteoirí i gCorcaigh Thuaidh-Lár]] * [[Corcaigh Thuaidh-Lár (Dáilcheantar)]] == Tagairtí == {{Reflist}} {{Teachtaí Dála an 31ú Dáil}} {{Teachtaí Dála an 32ú Dáil}} {{Síol-beath-ie}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Murphy, Dara}} [[Catagóir:Daoine a rugadh i 1969]] [[Catagóir:Daoine beo]] [[Catagóir:Airí Rialtais na hÉireann]] [[Catagóir:Alumni Choláiste na hOllscoile, Corcaigh]] [[Catagóir:Ard-Mhéaraí Chorcaigh]] [[Catagóir:Baill den 31ú Dáil]] [[Catagóir:Baill den 32ú Dáil]] [[Catagóir:Baill Fhine Gael]] [[Catagóir:Corcaigh Thuaidh-Lár (Dáilcheantar)]] [[Catagóir:Fir]] slqhff90qqnnhy13nrwumos8aop633h 0 73199 1320689 994285 2026-07-15T20:57:47Z Seachránaí 53315 Catagóirí 1320689 wikitext text/x-wiki {{WD Bosca Sonraí Duine}} Polaiteoir [[Éire]]annach ab ea '''James Murphy''' ([[28 Nollaig]] [[1887]] - [[7 Deireadh Fómhair]] [[1961]]). Bhí sé ina bhall de [[Sinn Féin|Shinn Féin]] ar dtús agus ansin [[Cumann na nGaedheal]]. == Tagairtí == {{Reflist}} {{Teachtaí Dála an 2ú Dáil}} {{Teachtaí Dála an 3ú Dáil}} {{Teachtaí Dála an 4ú Dáil}} {{Teachtaí Dála an 5ú Dáil}} {{Teachtaí Dála an 6ú Dáil}} {{Teachtaí Dála an 7ú Dáil}} {{Teachtaí Dála an 8ú Dáil}} {{Síol-beath-ie}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Murphy, James}} [[Catagóir:Daoine a rugadh i 1887]] [[Catagóir:Básanna i 1961]] [[Catagóir:Baill Chumann na nGaedheal]] [[Catagóir:Baill den 2ú Dáil]] [[Catagóir:Baill den 3ú Dáil]] [[Catagóir:Baill den 4ú Dáil]] [[Catagóir:Baill den 4ú Dáil]] [[Catagóir:Baill den 5ú Dáil]] [[Catagóir:Baill den 7ú Dáil]] [[Catagóir:Baill den 8ú Dáil]] [[Catagóir:Baill Fhine Gael]] [[Catagóir:Caitlicigh Éireannacha]] [[Catagóir:Fir]] [[Catagóir:Lú (Dáilcheantar)]] [[Catagóir:Polaiteoirí as Contae na Mí]] [[Catagóir:Polaiteoirí Shinn Féin]] [[Catagóir:Ré Victeoiriach]] qk8plws9a3bcwa2i5burobp4hi0scnh 0 74093 1320692 1080991 2026-07-15T21:07:08Z Seachránaí 53315 Catagóirí 1320692 wikitext text/x-wiki {{WD Bosca Sonraí Duine}} Polaiteoir [[Éire]]annach ab ea '''Timothy J. Murphy''' ([[1893]] - [[29 Aibreán]], [[1949]]). Bhí sé ina bhall de [[Páirtí an Lucht Oibre (Éire)|Pháirtí an Lucht Oibre]]. == Tagairtí == {{Reflist}} {{Teachtaí Dála an 4ú Dáil}} {{Teachtaí Dála an 5ú Dáil}} {{Teachtaí Dála an 6ú Dáil}} {{Teachtaí Dála an 7ú Dáil}} {{Teachtaí Dála an 8ú Dáil}} {{Teachtaí Dála an 9ú Dáil}} {{Teachtaí Dála an 10ú Dáil}} {{Teachtaí Dála an 11ú Dáil}} {{Teachtaí Dála an 12ú Dáil}} {{Teachtaí Dála an 13ú Dáil}} {{Síol-beath-ie}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Murphy, Timothy J}} [[Catagóir:Daoine a rugadh i 1893]] [[Catagóir:Básanna i 1949]] [[Catagóir:Airí Rialtais na hÉireann]] [[Catagóir:Baill den 4ú Dáil]] [[Catagóir:Baill den 5ú Dáil]] [[Catagóir:Baill den 6ú Dáil]] [[Catagóir:Baill den 7ú Dáil]] [[Catagóir:Baill den 8ú Dáil]] [[Catagóir:Baill den 9ú Dáil]] [[Catagóir:Baill den 10ú Dáil]] [[Catagóir:Baill den 11ú Dáil]] [[Catagóir:Baill den 12ú Dáil]] [[Catagóir:Baill den 13ú Dáil]] [[Catagóir:Baill Pháirtí an Lucht Oibre (Éire)]] [[Catagóir:Fir]] [[Catagóir:Polaiteoirí as Contae Chorcaí]] [[Catagóir:Ré Victeoiriach]] qzysw7sddtb2vnyxhoojrq50l2dw2uv 0 74109 1320696 994283 2026-07-15T21:16:16Z Seachránaí 53315 Catagóirí 1320696 wikitext text/x-wiki {{WD Bosca Sonraí Duine}} Polaiteoir [[Éire]]annach ab ea '''James Myles''' ([[1877]] - [[13 Feabhra]] [[1956]]). Bhí sé ina pholaiteoir neamhspleách. == Tagairtí == {{Reflist}} {{Teachtaí Dála an 4ú Dáil}} {{Teachtaí Dála an 5ú Dáil}} {{Teachtaí Dála an 6ú Dáil}} {{Teachtaí Dála an 7ú Dáil}} {{Teachtaí Dála an 8ú Dáil}} {{Teachtaí Dála an 9ú Dáil}} {{Teachtaí Dála an 10ú Dáil}} {{Síol-beath-ie}} {{Síol-spórt}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Myles, James}} [[Catagóir:Daoine a rugadh i 1877]] [[Catagóir:Básanna i 1956]] [[Catagóir:Baill den 4ú Dáil]] [[Catagóir:Baill den 5ú Dáil]] [[Catagóir:Baill den 6ú Dáil]] [[Catagóir:Baill den 7ú Dáil]] [[Catagóir:Baill den 8ú Dáil]] [[Catagóir:Baill den 9ú Dáil]] [[Catagóir:Baill den 10ú Dáil]] [[Catagóir:Dún na nGall (Dáilcheantar)] [[Catagóir:Fir]] [[Catagóir:Imreoirí rugbaí]] [[Catagóir:Máisiúin]] [[Catagóir:Pearsanra míleata na Breataine]] [[Catagóir:Ré Victeoiriach]] [[Catagóir:Saighdiúirí Éireannacha]] [[Catagóir:Teachtaí Dála neamhspleácha]] 2ncjap1l3a1y4y5j0yy7040yd1cnm69 1320697 1320696 2026-07-15T21:16:35Z Seachránaí 53315 1320697 wikitext text/x-wiki {{WD Bosca Sonraí Duine}} Polaiteoir [[Éire]]annach ab ea '''James Myles''' ([[1877]] - [[13 Feabhra]] [[1956]]). Bhí sé ina pholaiteoir neamhspleách. == Tagairtí == {{Reflist}} {{Teachtaí Dála an 4ú Dáil}} {{Teachtaí Dála an 5ú Dáil}} {{Teachtaí Dála an 6ú Dáil}} {{Teachtaí Dála an 7ú Dáil}} {{Teachtaí Dála an 8ú Dáil}} {{Teachtaí Dála an 9ú Dáil}} {{Teachtaí Dála an 10ú Dáil}} {{Síol-beath-ie}} {{Síol-spórt}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Myles, James}} [[Catagóir:Daoine a rugadh i 1877]] [[Catagóir:Básanna i 1956]] [[Catagóir:Baill den 4ú Dáil]] [[Catagóir:Baill den 5ú Dáil]] [[Catagóir:Baill den 6ú Dáil]] [[Catagóir:Baill den 7ú Dáil]] [[Catagóir:Baill den 8ú Dáil]] [[Catagóir:Baill den 9ú Dáil]] [[Catagóir:Baill den 10ú Dáil]] [[Catagóir:Dún na nGall (Dáilcheantar)]] [[Catagóir:Fir]] [[Catagóir:Imreoirí rugbaí]] [[Catagóir:Máisiúin]] [[Catagóir:Pearsanra míleata na Breataine]] [[Catagóir:Ré Victeoiriach]] [[Catagóir:Saighdiúirí Éireannacha]] [[Catagóir:Teachtaí Dála neamhspleácha]] nfp8pf84pwbqwunr3fub6rq9hn657vw 0 74284 1320640 1320120 2026-07-15T12:27:04Z InternetArchiveBot 47196 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1320640 wikitext text/x-wiki {{WD Bosca Sonraí Duine}} Polaiteoir, ollamh agus sagart [[Éire|Éireannach]] ab ea '''Eugene Mullen''' (1898–1953). Bhí sé ina bhall d'[[Fianna Fáil|Fhianna Fáil]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.mayonews.ie/comment-opinion/down-memory-lane/38587-the-first-breaffy-td|teideal=The first Breaffy TD|work=Mayo News|date=2015|first=John|last=Healy|access-date=17 October 2022|dátarochtana=10 Iúil 2026|archivedate=5 Nollaig 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221205082250/https://www.mayonews.ie/comment-opinion/down-memory-lane/38587-the-first-breaffy-td}}</ref> Rugadh Mullen san Rú Mór, [[Bréachmhaigh]], [[Contae Mhaigh Eo]], do thuismitheoirí ar múinteoirí bunscoile náisiúnta iad, Thomas agus Mary Mullen.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.census.nationalarchives.ie/pages/1901/Mayo/Breaghy/Roemore/1583677/|teideal=Residents of a house 4 in Roemore (Breaghy, Mayo)|work=National Archives: Census of Ireland 1901|date=26 October 2022}}.</ref> Múinteoir scoile de réir gairme, toghadh é do [[Dáil Éireann|Dháil Éireann]] mar [[Teachta Dála|Theachta Dála]] de chuid Fhianna Fáil (TD) do dháilcheantar Mhaigh Eo Theas in olltoghchán Mheitheamh 1927..<ref name=oireachtas_db>{{cite web|url=https://www.oireachtas.ie/en/members/member/Eugene-Mullen.D.1927-06-23/|teideal=Eugene Mullen|work=Oireachtas Members Database|access-date=11 November 2008}}</ref> Chaill sé a shuíochán in olltoghchán Mheán Fómhair 1927 agus gan ach 3 mhí caite aige mar Theachta Dála ..<ref name=elecs_irl>{{cite web|url=http://electionsireland.org/candidate.cfm?ID=1638|teideal=Eugene Mullen|work=ElectionsIreland.org|access-date=11 November 2008}}</ref> Rinneadh ollamh de Mullen ina dhiaidh sin. Níos déanaí, ar an 16 Nollaig 1938, chuaigh sé isteach in Ord na gCairmeach Diospóireachta, ag glacadh leis an ainm Father Ephraim..[<ref name="Indo">Obituary Mr Thomas Mullen, ''Irish Independent'', p. 5, 3 January 1966.</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Catholic Herald UK|teideal=Fx-Deputy Becomes Monk|url=http://archive.catholicherald.co.uk/article/16th-december-1938/11/fx-deputy-becomes-monk|work=Archive of the Catholic Herald Newspaper|publisher=Catholic Herald UK|access-date=8 June 2012}}</ref> Mar bhráthair Carmelite, scríobh Mullen an dán eipiciúil ''Ode to St. Patrick''chomh maith le píosaí liriciúla eile. Bhí a dheartháir óg [[Thomas Mullen]], ina Theachta Dála do thoghcheantar Chontae Bhaile Átha Cliath ó 1938 go 1943.<ref name="Indo"/> == Tagairtí == {{Reflist}} {{Teachtaí Dála an 5ú Dáil}} {{Síol-beath-ie}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Mullen, Eugene}} [[Catagóir:Daoine a rugadh i 1898]] [[Catagóir:Básanna i 1953]] [[Catagóir:Baill den 5ú Dáil]] [[Catagóir:Caitlicigh Éireannacha]] [[Catagóir:Múinteoirí Éireannacha]] [[Catagóir:Polaiteoirí as Contae Mhaigh Eo]] [[Catagóir:Sagairt Chaitliceacha sa 20ú haois]] [[Catagóir:Sagairt Éireannacha]] [[Catagóir:Teachtaí Dála Fhianna Fáil]] oktzrt3lzu9sc4qjx8ddmuocu0imc6n 0 74321 1320690 994920 2026-07-15T21:00:34Z Seachránaí 53315 Catagóirí 1320690 wikitext text/x-wiki {{WD Bosca Sonraí Duine}} Polaiteoir [[Éire]]annach ab ea '''Joseph Murphy'''. Bhí sé ina pholaiteoir neamhspleách. == Tagairtí == {{Reflist}} {{Teachtaí Dála an 6ú Dáil}} {{Síol-beath-ie}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Murphy, Joseph}} [[Catagóir:Bliain bhreithe anaithnid]] [[Catagóir:Bliain báis anaithnid]] [[Catagóir:Baill den 6ú Dáil]] [[Catagóir:Fir]] [[Catagóir:Lucht gnó na hÉireann]] [[Catagóir:Polaiteoirí as Baile Átha Cliath]] [[Catagóir:Teachtaí Dála neamhspleácha]] ry6hymcdeiy3wqlmzyvdutfji00s677 0 74591 1320695 1246846 2026-07-15T21:13:00Z Seachránaí 53315 Catagóirí 1320695 wikitext text/x-wiki {{WD Bosca Sonraí Duine}} Polaiteoir [[Éire]]annach ab ea '''William J. Murphy''' ([[17 Bealtaine]] [[1928]] – [[17 Meán Fómhair]] [[2018]]). Bhí sé ina bhall de [[Páirtí an Lucht Oibre (Éire)|Pháirtí an Lucht Oibre]]. == Tagairtí == {{Reflist}} {{Teachtaí Dála an 13ú Dáil}} {{Síol-beath-ie}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Murphy, William J}} [[Catagóir:Daoine a rugadh i 1928]] [[Catagóir:Básanna in 2018]] [[Catagóir:Baill den 13ú Dáil]] [[Catagóir:Baill Pháirtí an Lucht Oibre (Éire)]] [[Catagóir:Fir]] [[Catagóir:Polaiteoirí as Contae Chorcaí]] s3hvrsxupo39kls1kwy3ljopq3vwj4v 0 74689 1320693 994948 2026-07-15T21:09:31Z Seachránaí 53315 Catagóirí 1320693 wikitext text/x-wiki {{WD Bosca Sonraí Duine}} Polaiteoir [[Éire]]annach ab ea '''William Murphy''' ([[12 Feabhra]] [[1892]] – [[16 Samhain]] [[1967]]). Bhí sé ina bhall d'[[Fine Gael|Fhine Gael]]. == Tagairtí == {{Reflist}} {{Teachtaí Dála an 14ú Dáil}} {{Teachtaí Dála an 15ú Dáil}} {{Teachtaí Dála an 16ú Dáil}} {{Teachtaí Dála an 17ú Dáil}} {{Síol-beath-ie}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Murphy, William}} [[Catagóir:Daoine a rugadh i 1892]] [[Catagóir:Básanna i 1967]] [[Catagóir:An Clár (Dáilcheantar)]] [[Catagóir:Baill den 13ú Dáil]] [[Catagóir:Baill den 14ú Dáil]] [[Catagóir:Baill den 15ú Dáil]] [[Catagóir:Baill den 16ú Dáil]] [[Catagóir:Baill den 17ú Dáil]] [[Catagóir:Baill den 18ú Dáil]] [[Catagóir:Baill Fhine Gael]] [[Catagóir:Fir]] [[Catagóir:Lucht gnó na hÉireann]] [[Catagóir:Ré Victeoiriach]] qniyj6snah9ib9g8qi4q5b8e7kafpks 0 74885 1320691 1023616 2026-07-15T21:03:08Z Seachránaí 53315 Catagóirí 1320691 wikitext text/x-wiki {{WD Bosca Sonraí Duine}} Polaiteoir [[Éire]]annach ab ea '''Michael Murphy''' (12 Márta 1919 – 28 Deireadh Fómhair 2000). Bhí sé ina bhall de [[Páirtí an Lucht Oibre (Éire)|Pháirtí an Lucht Oibre]]. == Tagairtí == {{Reflist}} {{Teachtaí Dála an 14ú Dáil}} {{Teachtaí Dála an 15ú Dáil}} {{Teachtaí Dála an 16ú Dáil}} {{Teachtaí Dála an 17ú Dáil}} {{Teachtaí Dála an 18ú Dáil}} {{Teachtaí Dála an 19ú Dáil}} {{Teachtaí Dála an 20ú Dáil}} {{Teachtaí Dála an 21ú Dáil}} {{Síol-beath-ie}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Murphy, Michael}} [[Catagóir:Daoine a rugadh i 1919]] [[Catagóir:Básanna in 2000]] [[Catagóir:Baill den 14ú Dáil]] [[Catagóir:Baill den 15ú Dáil]] [[Catagóir:Baill den 16ú Dáil]] [[Catagóir:Baill den 17ú Dáil]] [[Catagóir:Baill den 18ú Dáil]] [[Catagóir:Baill den 19ú Dáil]] [[Catagóir:Baill den 20ú Dáil]] [[Catagóir:Baill den 21ú Dáil]] [[Catagóir:Baill Pháirtí an Lucht Oibre (Éire)]] [[Catagóir:Comhairleoirí Áitiúla]] [[Catagóir:Corcaigh Thiar Theas (Dáilcheantar)]] [[Catagóir:Fir]] [[Catagóir:Lucht gnó na hÉireann]] ieybk8rg5jri1m149foxoff5eyrwpqk 0 83129 1320732 1072548 2026-07-16T09:18:01Z Conradder 34685 bás 1320732 wikitext text/x-wiki {{WD Bosca Sonraí Duine}} B'aisteoir agus fuirseoir [[SAM|Meiriceánach]] é '''William''' "'''Bill'''" '''Byrge''' a rugadh sa bhliain [[1932]]. Fuair sé bás ar [[9 Eanáir]] [[2025]]. {{síol}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Byrge, Bill}} [[Catagóir:Daoine a rugadh i 1932]] [[Catagóir:Aisteoirí Meiriceánacha]] [[Catagóir:Básanna in 2025]] 0557ykzmgoyd10l0iljy463tjsf8bbb 1320733 1320732 2026-07-16T09:19:55Z Conradder 34685 síol, nasc IMDB srl 1320733 wikitext text/x-wiki {{WD Bosca Sonraí Duine}} B'aisteoir agus fuirseoir [[SAM|Meiriceánach]] é '''William''' "'''Bill'''" '''Byrge''' a rugadh sa bhliain [[1932]]. Fuair sé bás ar [[9 Eanáir]] [[2025]]. == Tagairtí == ==Naisc sheachtracha== *[https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0126093/ Bill Byrge] ar [[IMDb]] {{Síol-aisteoir}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Byrge, Bill}} [[Catagóir:Daoine a rugadh i 1932]] [[Catagóir:Aisteoirí Meiriceánacha]] [[Catagóir:Básanna in 2025]] 3jmnfd6w3dzy4clpggca3ukloa8u01v 2 85502 1320663 1317822 2026-07-15T16:39:45Z Marcas.oduinn 33120 /* Teimpléid */ 1320663 wikitext text/x-wiki <div align=center><font size=6> [https://www.endangeredlanguages.com/elp-context/context-31594-irish-source-dialects-irish-study-changing-landscape 3 4 3 7] </font></div> Is mise Marcas, is Éireannach mé. Ní cainteoir Gaeilge ó dhúchas mé – fainic mo chuid [https://ga.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Aos_S%C3%AD&action=history aistriúchánaise]<!-- ach maidir le sin, deirim anois, imigh sa foc --> – ach tá a lán suime agam inti, go háirithe sa ghramadach [http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/User:Marcas.oduinn#Grammar thall] is [http://ga.wiktionary.org/wiki/Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn#Gramadach abhus], agus i [[miotaseolaíocht na nGael]] ar an suíomh seo. Tá mac amháin liom ag freastal ar an meánscoil [[Coláiste Eoin]], agus an mac eile fós ar an mbunscoil [[Gaelscoil Thaobh na Coille]] ([http://www.taobhnacoille.ie/ Gaelscoil Thaobh na Coille]). ᚋᚐᚎᚉᚐᚄ [ [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:Marcas.oduinn WikiPedia EN] ([https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:Marcas.oduinn .m]) | ''WikiPedia GA'' ([https://ga.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn .m]) | [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benutzer:Marcas.oduinn WikiPedia DE] | [https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utilisateur:Marcas.oduinn WikiPedia FR] | [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/User:Marcas.oduinn WikTionary EN] | [https://ga.wiktionary.org/wiki/Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn WikTionary GA] | [https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/User:Marcas.oduinn WikiData] ] {{Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Teimpléad:Barra Roghchláir}} [[:Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Teimpléad:Barra Roghchláir]] == Slite isteach == * [[Miotaseolaíocht]] &rarr; [[Miotaseolaíocht na nGael]] * [[Ogham]] * [[Stair]], [[Éire]]&rarr;[[Stair na hÉireann]]&rarr;[[Ríochtaí Éireann]]&rarr;[[Ríthe Éireann]]&rarr;[[Liosta de Ríthe na hÉireann]] * [[An Féineachas]] * [[Ginealas Éireannach]] * [[Cúigí na hÉireann]], [[Barúntacht|Barúntachtaí]] * [[Liosta de Lochanna na hÉireann]], [[Abhantrach na Sionainne]] * [[Aontas Eorpach]] &rarr; [[Comhphobail Eorpacha]], [[Aicmiú Comhchoiteann na nAonad Críche maidir le Staidreamh]], {{tl|Gníomhaireachtaí an Aontais Eorpaigh}} == Cé' chaoi? == {{Babel-4|en|ga-3|de-2|fr-1}} * [[Úsáideoir:Bogger|Bogger]] * [[Úsáideoir:Chaco|Chaco]] * [[Úsáideoir:Colin Ryan|Colin Ryan]] * [[Úsáideoir:Daragh Uí Dal gCáis|‎Daragh Uí Dal gCáis]] * [[Úsáideoir:Dmd3music|Dmd3music]] * [[Úsáideoir:Dowlinme|Dowlinme]] * [[Úsáideoir:E Mac Gearailt|E Mac Gearailt]] * [[Úsáideoir:Ériugena|Ériugena]] * [[Úsáideoir:Eomurchadha|Eomurchadha]] * [[Úsáideoir:Guliolopez|Guilio Lopez]] * [[Úsáideoir:Kevin Scannell|Kevin Scannell]] * [[Úsáideoir:NaBaindéithe|Na Baindéithe]] * [[Úsáideoir:Nmacu|Nmacu]] * [[Úsáideoir:Panu Petteri Höglund|Panu Petteri Höglund]] * [[Úsáideoir:Rossa Ó Snodaigh|Rossa Ó Snodaigh]] * [[Úsáideoir:SeoMac|SeoMac]] * Cé hé [[Úsáideoir:Taghdtaighde|Taghdtaighde]]? * [[Úsáideoir:TGcoa‬|Ciarán Ó hAgáin]] == Teimpléid == {{Lámhscríbhinní Gaelacha na Meánaoise|state=collapsed}} {{Dlí luath na hÉireann|state=collapsed}} {{An Rúraíocht|state=collapsed}} {{An Fhiannaíocht|state=collapsed}} {{Na Scéalta Miotaseolaíochta|state=collapsed}} {{Ríocht na gConnacht|state=collapsed}} {{Mumhain|state=collapsed}} {{Laigin|state=collapsed}} {{Ulaid|state=collapsed}} {{Cumhdaigh|state=collapsed}} en0j0dnycaksk2zoi5xrvi40oqv99hm 0 93837 1320641 1286939 2026-07-15T13:52:14Z TGcoa 21229 1320641 wikitext text/x-wiki {{WD Bosca Sonraí Duine}} [[Easpag]] [[Winchester]] ab ea '''San Svaítín'''<ref name='EID'>{{Cite web-en|url=https://www.teanglann.ie/ga/eid/Swithin|title=English-Irish Dictionary (de Bhaldraithe): Swithin|editor=[[Tomás de Bhaldraithe]], eag.|year=1959|publisher=[[An Gúm]]|location=[[Baile Átha Cliath]]|isbn=978-1857910360|access-date=2023-05-17|language=ga|work=Teanglann.ie}}</ref> ([[Béarla]]: ''Saint Swithin'' nó ''Swithun''), a d'éag sa bhliain 863. Ceiliúrtar a lá féile ar an 15 Iúil, Lá San Svaítín, nó Lá Fhéile Abhóige (nó Lá Leabhóige).<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/i20495835|teideal=No. 6, 1966 of Studia Hibernica on JSTOR|údar=Béarnard Ó Dubhthaigh|dáta=1966|language=ga|work=www.jstor.org|dátarochtana=2020-07-15}}</ref> De réir an [[Béaloideas|tseanchais]], cibé [[Aimsir (meitéareolaíocht)|aimsir]] a bhíonn ann ar an 15 Iúil, tá sé tuartha go mairfidh an aimsir chéanna go ceann daichead lá eile.<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.meoneile.ie/ailt/l%C3%A1-san-suit%C3%ADn-%E2%80%93-muintir-an-chairn-ag-tuar-na-haimsire|teideal=Lá San Suitín – muintir an Chairn ag tuar na haimsire! < Meon Eile|work=www.meoneile.ie|dátarochtana=2020-07-15}}</ref><ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.facebook.com/groups/166677873392308/permalink/1857497750976970/|teideal=Lá Fhéil’ Dheabhóige|údar=Máire Burns|dáta=|language=ga|work=www.facebook.com|dátarochtana=2020-07-15}}</ref> Easpag a bhí ann agus d'fhág sé le huacht é a chur amuigh sa reilig nuair a gheobhadh sé bás. Rinneadh iarracht a chorp a thabhairt isteach sa tséipéal agus níor stad an bháisteach go ceann daichead lá gur fágadh amuigh é arís. "á mbeadh sé ag fearthainn an lá san ní stadfadh sé go cionn dathad lá ach má bheadh sé go breá an lá san do bheadh sé go breá tirim."<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.duchas.ie/ga/cbe/9000270/7135082|teideal=Rinn Ó gCuanach​/​Dún Garbhán {{!}} An Príomhbhailiúchán Lámhscríbhinní|language=ga|work=dúchas.ie|dátarochtana=2021-08-07}}</ref> == Tagairtí == {{reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Svaítín, San}} [[Catagóir:Básanna i 863]] [[Catagóir:Daoine na Meánaoise]] [[Catagóir:Easpaig]] [[Catagóir:Meitéareolaithe]] [[Catagóir:Naoimh Sasanacha]] [[Catagóir:Sagairt Chaitliceacha]] sr39h3vlaa1jisvgkvwlh2a9gd1mlk1 2 94537 1320736 1318965 2026-07-16T10:29:13Z ListeriaBot 25319 Wikidata list updated [V2] 1320736 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wikidata list |sparql= SELECT DISTINCT ?item ?name WHERE { ?item wdt:P31 wd:Q16521 . ?item wdt:P171* wd:Q5113 . ?item wdt:P105 wd:Q7432 . #species only FILTER NOT EXISTS { ?item wdt:P141 wd:Q237350 } # not extinct ?articleURL schema:about ?item ; schema:name ?name ; schema:isPartOf <https://ga.wikipedia.org/> . #must have sitelink to cywiki } ORDER BY ?name OFFSET 0 LIMIT 1000 |links=local |section= |sort=label |columns=number:#,qid,label,p225:enw tacson,P373,P2067,P2050,P181,P7770,P141 }} {| class='wikitable sortable' ! # ! qid ! label ! enw tacson ! catagóir Commons ! mais ! réise sciathán ! léarscáil de raon an tacsóin ! tréimhse ghoir ! IUCN conservation status |- | style='text-align:right'| 1 | Q26147 | [[abhóiséad]] | Recurvirostra avosetta | [[:commons:Category:Recurvirostra avosetta|Recurvirostra avosetta]] | 31.7 gram | 78 ceintiméadar | [[Íomhá:RecurvirostraAvosettaIUCNver2019-2.png|center|128px]] | 24 lá | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2 | Q469992 | [[Recurvirostra americana|Abhóiséad Mheiriceánach]] | Recurvirostra americana | [[:commons:Category:Recurvirostra americana|Recurvirostra americana]] | 28.7 gram<br/>316 gram | 68 ceintiméadar | [[Íomhá:Recurvirostra americana map.svg|center|128px]] | | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 3 | Q202504 | [[amadán móinteach]] | Charadrius morinellus | [[:commons:Category:Charadrius morinellus|Charadrius morinellus]] | 17 gram | 60 ceintiméadar | [[Íomhá:Charadrius morinellus distr..png|center|128px]] | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 4 | Q1268205 | [[Súmaire gabhair ghlórach|Antrostomus vociferus]] | Antrostomus vociferus | [[:commons:Category:Antrostomus vociferus|Antrostomus vociferus]] | | | [[Íomhá:Antrostomus vociferus map.svg|center|128px]] | | ''[[:d:Q719675|speiceas beagnach faoi bhagairt]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 5 | Q106447604 | [[Éigrit eallaigh|Ardea ibis]] | Ardea ibis | [[:commons:Category:Ardea ibis|Ardea ibis]] | | | | | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 6 | Q652266 | [[Argas mór|Argusianus argus]] | Argusianus argus | [[:commons:Category:Argusianus argus|Argusianus argus]] | | | | 24 lá | ''[[:d:Q278113|leochaileach]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 7 | Q692192 | [[Póiseard ceannrua Meiriceánach|Aythya americana]] | Aythya americana | [[:commons:Category:Aythya americana|Aythya americana]] | 1.1 cileagram<br/>990 gram | 79.5 ceintiméadar | [[Íomhá:Aythya americana map.svg|center|128px]] | | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 8 | Q26742 | [[Aythya ferina]] | Aythya ferina | [[:commons:Category:Aythya ferina|Aythya ferina]] | 66 gram | 0.77 méadar | [[Íomhá:AythyaFerinaIUCNver2018 2.png|center|128px]] | 25 lá | ''[[:d:Q278113|leochaileach]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 9 | Q170718 | [[Beachadóir Eorpach|beachadóir]] | Merops apiaster | [[:commons:Category:Merops apiaster|Merops apiaster]] | 6.5 gram | 0.47 méadar | [[Íomhá:Merops apiaster en.png|center|128px]] | 20 lá | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 10 | Q1951359 | [[Beachadóir Peirseach|beachaire gormleicneach]] | Merops persicus | [[:commons:Category:Merops persicus|Merops persicus]] | 49.4 gram | | | 24 lá | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 11 | Q25450 | [[biorearrach]] | Anas acuta | [[:commons:Category:Anas acuta|Anas acuta]] | 1.025 cileagram<br/>866 gram | 0.9 méadar | [[Íomhá:AnasAcutaIUCN2019 2.png|center|128px]] | | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 12 | Q591831 | [[bobóilinc]] | Dolichonyx oryzivorus | [[:commons:Category:Dolichonyx oryzivorus|Dolichonyx oryzivorus]] | 2.75 gram | | [[Íomhá:Dolichonyx oryzivorus.svg|center|128px]] | | ''[[:d:Q719675|speiceas beagnach faoi bhagairt]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 13 | Q25709 | [[Bonnán buí (éan)|bonnán]] | Botaurus stellaris | [[:commons:Category:Botaurus stellaris|Botaurus stellaris]] | 42 gram<br/>2.906 cileagram<br/>2.017 cileagram | 1.27 méadar | [[Íomhá:Botaurus stellaris map.svg|center|128px]] | | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 14 | Q26129 | [[bonnán beag]] | Botaurus minutus | [[:commons:Category:Ixobrychus minutus|Ixobrychus minutus]] | 13 gram<br/>147 gram | 49 ceintiméadar | [[Íomhá:IxobrychusMinutusIUCNvr2018 2.png|center|128px]] | 18 lá | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 15 | Q204111 | [[Bonnán cainéaldathach|bonnán cainéil]] | Ixobrychus cinnamomeus | [[:commons:Category:Botaurus cinnamomeus|Botaurus cinnamomeus]] | | | | | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 16 | Q743017 | [[Bonnán breicneach|bonnán Meiriceánach]] | Botaurus lentiginosus | [[:commons:Category:Botaurus lentiginosus|Botaurus lentiginosus]] | 36 gram | 115 ceintiméadar | [[Íomhá:Botaurus lentiginosus map.svg|center|128px]] | | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 17 | Q469586 | [[Bonnán caol|bonnán seang]] | Ixobrychus exilis | [[:commons:Category:Botaurus exilis|Botaurus exilis]] | 10 gram<br/>80 gram | 43 ceintiméadar | [[Íomhá:Ixobrychus exilis map.svg|center|128px]] | | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 18 | Q188877 | [[Breacán (éan)|breacán]] | Fringilla montifringilla | [[:commons:Category:Fringilla montifringilla|Fringilla montifringilla]] | 2.14 gram<br/>22 gram | 0.27 méadar | [[Íomhá:FringillaMontifringillaIUCN.svg|center|128px]] | 11 lá | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 19 | Q26650 | [[breacóg]] | Calidris alpina | [[:commons:Category:Calidris alpina|Calidris alpina]] | | 0.36 méadar | [[Íomhá:Calidris alpina migrations.png|center|128px]] | | ''[[:d:Q719675|speiceas beagnach faoi bhagairt]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 20 | Q25440 | [[broigheall]] | Phalacrocorax carbo | [[:commons:Category:Phalacrocorax carbo|Phalacrocorax carbo]] | 2.4 cileagram<br/>2 cileagram | 1.4 méadar | [[Íomhá:PhalacrocoraxCarbo.png|center|128px]] | | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 21 | Q244319 | [[Mionbhroigheall|broigheall bídeach]] | Microcarbo pygmaeus | [[:commons:Category:Microcarbo pygmaeus|Microcarbo pygmaeus]] | | 85 ceintiméadar | [[Íomhá:MicrocarboPygmaeusIUCN.svg|center|128px]] | 28 lá | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 22 | Q18700 | [[bróg-ghob]] | Balaeniceps rex | [[:commons:Category:Balaeniceps rex|Balaeniceps rex]] | | | [[Íomhá:Balaeniceps rex distribution.svg|center|128px]] | | ''[[:d:Q278113|leochaileach]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 23 | Q121221 | [[budragár]] | Melopsittacus undulatus | [[:commons:Category:Melopsittacus undulatus|Melopsittacus undulatus]] | 2.15 gram | | [[Íomhá:Budgerigar map.png|center|128px]] | | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 24 | Q168677 | [[bultúr luaithriúíl]] | Aegypius monachus | [[:commons:Category:Aegypius monachus|Aegypius monachus]] | 243 gram | 2.5 méadar | [[Íomhá:AegypiusMonachusIUCNver2019 1.png|center|128px]] | | ''[[:d:Q719675|speiceas beagnach faoi bhagairt]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 25 | Q126167 | [[bultúr uan]] | Gypaetus barbatus | [[:commons:Category:Gypaetus barbatus|Gypaetus barbatus]] | 224 gram<br/>4.913 cileagram<br/>6.175 cileagram | 2.621 méadar | [[Íomhá:GypaetusBarbatusIUCNver2018 2.png|center|128px]] | 54 lá | ''[[:d:Q719675|speiceas beagnach faoi bhagairt]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 26 | Q33504 | [[bultúr Éigipteach]] | Neophron percnopterus | [[:commons:Category:Neophron percnopterus|Neophron percnopterus]] | 94 gram<br/>1.977 cileagram | 1.676 méadar | [[Íomhá:NeophronMap.svg|center|128px]] | 42 lá | [[Speiceas i mbaol (Stádas AICD)|speiceas i mbaol]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 27 | Q188601 | [[bustard beag]] | Tetrax tetrax | [[:commons:Category:Tetrax tetrax|Tetrax tetrax]] | 41 gram | 110 ceintiméadar | [[Íomhá:TetraxTetraxIUCNver2018 2.png|center|128px]] | 21 lá | ''[[:d:Q719675|speiceas beagnach faoi bhagairt]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 28 | Q290871 | [[bustard Houbara]] | Chlamydotis undulata | [[:commons:Category:Chlamydotis undulata|Chlamydotis undulata]] | 68 gram<br/>1.96 cileagram<br/>1.15 cileagram | | [[Íomhá:Houbara map.svg|center|128px]] | 24 lá | ''[[:d:Q278113|leochaileach]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 29 | Q171655 | [[bustard mór]] | Otis tarda | [[:commons:Category:Otis tarda|Otis tarda]] | 143 gram | 235 ceintiméadar<br/>180 ceintiméadar | [[Íomhá:Otis tarda distribution.png|center|128px]] | 25 lá | [[Speiceas i mbaol (Stádas AICD)|speiceas i mbaol]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 30 | Q26205 | [[buíóg]] | Emberiza citrinella | [[:commons:Category:Emberiza citrinella|Emberiza citrinella]] | 2.94 gram | 26 ceintiméadar | [[Íomhá:Emberizacitronella3.png|center|128px]] | 13 lá | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 31 | Q908909 | [[búbúc Norfolk]] | Ninox novaeseelandiae | [[:commons:Category:Ninox novaeseelandiae|Ninox novaeseelandiae]] | | | | | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 32 | Q179959 | [[cacapó]] | Strigops habroptila | [[:commons:Category:Strigops habroptila|Strigops habroptila]] | | | [[Íomhá:Kakapohist.svg|center|128px]] | | ''[[:d:Q219127|i mbaol criticiúil]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 33 | Q27050 | [[cadhan]] | Branta bernicla | [[:commons:Category:Branta bernicla|Branta bernicla]] | | 1.01 méadar | [[Íomhá:Branta bernicla map.png|center|128px]] | | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 34 | Q188446 | [[caipín dubh]] | Sylvia atricapilla | [[:commons:Category:Sylvia atricapilla|Sylvia atricapilla]] | 2.19 gram<br/>18.1 gram | 23 ceintiméadar | [[Íomhá:Sylviaatricapillamap2.png|center|128px]] | 13 lá | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 35 | Q235057 | [[caislín aille]] | Monticola saxatilis | [[:commons:Category:Monticola saxatilis|Monticola saxatilis]] | 4.95 gram<br/>47 gram<br/>52.4 gram | | [[Íomhá:MonticolaSaxatilisIUCNver2019 1.png|center|128px]] | 14 lá | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 36 | Q152144 | [[caislín aille gorm]] | Monticola solitarius | [[:commons:Category:Monticola solitarius|Monticola solitarius]] | 5.95 gram | | [[Íomhá:MonticolaSolitariusIUCNver2019 1.png|center|128px]] | 13 lá | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 37 | Q155869 | [[caislín aitinn]] | Saxicola rubetra | [[:commons:Category:Saxicola rubetra|Saxicola rubetra]] | 2.06 gram | 22 ceintiméadar | [[Íomhá:Saxicola rubetra, IUCN.png|center|128px]] | 13 lá | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 38 | Q1315689 | [[caislín cloch]] | Saxicola torquatus | [[:commons:Category:Saxicola torquatus|Saxicola torquatus]] | | | | 14 lá | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 39 | Q838665 | [[caislín cloch Eorpach]] | Saxicola rubicola | [[:commons:Category:Saxicola rubicola|Saxicola rubicola]] | | | | 15 lá | |- | style='text-align:right'| 40 | Q1589281 | [[caislín Sibéarach]] | Saxicola maurus | [[:commons:Category:Saxicola maurus|Saxicola maurus]] | | | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 41 | Q852622 | [[Cnagaire impiriúil|Campephilus imperialis]] | Campephilus imperialis | [[:commons:Category:Campephilus imperialis|Campephilus imperialis]] | | | [[Íomhá:Campephilus imperialis map.svg|center|128px]] | | ''[[:d:Q219127|i mbaol criticiúil]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 42 | Q284331 | [[Cnagaire Magellanach|Campephilus magellanicus]] | Campephilus magellanicus | [[:commons:Category:Campephilus magellanicus|Campephilus magellanicus]] | 260 gram | 0.6 méadar | [[Íomhá:Campephilus magellanicus distr.png|center|128px]] | 20 lá | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 43 | Q208334 | [[Donnóg Alpach|cantaire Alpshléibhe]] | Prunella collaris | [[:commons:Category:Prunella collaris|Prunella collaris]] | | | [[Íomhá:PrunellaCollariusIUCN.png|center|128px]] | 13 lá | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 44 | Q1049121 | [[Donnóg Radde|cantaire carraige]] | Prunella ocularis | [[:commons:Category:Prunella ocularis|Prunella ocularis]] | | | | 11 lá | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 45 | Q129059 | [[capall coille]] | Tetrao urogallus | [[:commons:Category:Tetrao urogallus|Tetrao urogallus]] | 3.8 cileagram<br/>1.97 cileagram<br/>53 gram | 106 ceintiméadar | [[Íomhá:Western Capercaillie Tetrao urogallus distribution map.png|center|128px]] | 25 lá | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 46 | Q26198 | [[caróg dhubh]] | Corvus corone | [[:commons:Category:Corvus corone|Corvus corone]] | | 0.91 méadar | [[Íomhá:Corvus corone map.png|center|128px]] | 19 lá | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 47 | Q831597 | [[catéan liath]] | Dumetella carolinensis | [[:commons:Category:Dumetella carolinensis|Dumetella carolinensis]] | 3.8 gram<br/>35.7 gram<br/>39.6 gram | | [[Íomhá:Dumetella carolinensis-map.jpg|center|128px]] | | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 48 | Q25384 | [[ceann cait]] | Asio otus | [[:commons:Category:Asio otus|Asio otus]] | | 95 ceintiméadar | [[Íomhá:Asio otus distribution map.png|center|128px]] | | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 49 | Q25376 | [[Cearc cheannann Eoráiseach|cearc cheannann]] | Fulica atra | [[:commons:Category:Fulica atra|Fulica atra]] | 36.5 gram<br/>835 gram<br/>715 gram | 75 ceintiméadar | [[Íomhá:Fulica atra distribution.png|center|128px]] | 22 lá | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 50 | Q470016 | [[cearc cheannann Mheiriceánach]] | Fulica americana | [[:commons:Category:Fulica americana|Fulica americana]] | | | [[Íomhá:Fulica americana map.svg|center|128px]] | | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 51 | Q901228 | [[cearc mhailí]] | Leipoa ocellata | [[:commons:Category:Leipoa ocellata|Leipoa ocellata]] | 2.4 cileagram<br/>175 gram<br/>1.8 cileagram | | | 63 lá | ''[[:d:Q278113|leochaileach]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 52 | Q178702 | [[cearc shailí]] | Lagopus lagopus | [[:commons:Category:Lagopus lagopus|Lagopus lagopus]] | 720 gram<br/>580 gram | | [[Íomhá:Willow Ptarmigan Lagopus lagopus distribution map.png|center|128px]] | | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 53 | Q18847 | [[cearc uisce]] | Gallinula chloropus | [[:commons:Category:Gallinula chloropus|Gallinula chloropus]] | 348 gram | 52 ceintiméadar | [[Íomhá:Gallinula chloropus distribution map.png|center|128px]] | | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 54 | Q104867606 | [[Ceolaire barrach]] | Curruca nisoria | [[:commons:Category:Curruca nisoria|Curruca nisoria]] | 2.63 gram | 25 ceintiméadar | [[Íomhá:SylviaNisoriaIUCN.svg|center|128px]] | 12 lá | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 55 | Q312779 | [[ceolaire Blyth]] | Acrocephalus dumetorum | [[:commons:Category:Acrocephalus dumetorum|Acrocephalus dumetorum]] | 1.68 gram | | [[Íomhá:AcrocephalusDumetorumIUCN.svg|center|128px]] | 12 lá | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 56 | Q14753772 | [[ceolaire bánlíoch]] | Iduna pallida | [[:commons:Category:Iduna pallida|Iduna pallida]] | | | [[Íomhá:IdunaPallidaIUCN.svg|center|128px]] | 12 lá | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 57 | Q208710 | [[ceolaire casarnaí]] | Locustella naevia | [[:commons:Category:Locustella naevia|Locustella naevia]] | | 17 ceintiméadar | [[Íomhá:LocustellaNaeviaIUCN.svg|center|128px]] | 14 lá | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 58 | Q650114 | [[ceolaire Cetti]] | Cettia cetti | [[:commons:Category:Cettia cetti|Cettia cetti]] | | 17 ceintiméadar | [[Íomhá:Cettia cetti distribution map.png|center|128px]] | 16 lá | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 59 | Q27075477 | [[ceolaire coille]] | Phylloscopus sibilatrix | [[:commons:Category:Phylloscopus sibilatrix|Phylloscopus sibilatrix]] | 1.32 gram<br/>10 gram | 22 ceintiméadar | [[Íomhá:Phylloscopus sibilatrix Range Map.png|center|128px]] | | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 60 | Q210422 | [[ceolaire corraigh]] | Acrocephalus palustris | [[:commons:Category:Acrocephalus palustris|Acrocephalus palustris]] | 1.85 gram | 20 ceintiméadar | | 13 lá | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 61 | Q757116 | [[ceolaire cuaráin]] | Iduna caligata | [[:commons:Category:Iduna caligata|Iduna caligata]] | | | | 13 lá | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 62 | Q27236 | [[ceolaire cíbe]] | Acrocephalus schoenobaenus | [[:commons:Category:Acrocephalus schoenobaenus|Acrocephalus schoenobaenus]] | 1.65 gram | 19 ceintiméadar | [[Íomhá:AcrocephalusSchoenobaenusIUCN.svg|center|128px]] | | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 63 | Q1590574 | [[Ceolaire Upcher|ceolaire fann]] | Hippolais languida | [[:commons:Category:Hippolais languida|Hippolais languida]] | 1.79 gram | | | 13 lá | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 64 | Q210791 | [[ceolaire feanearrach]] | Cisticola juncidis | [[:commons:Category:Cisticola juncidis|Cisticola juncidis]] | | | [[Íomhá:CisticolaJuncidisIUCN.svg|center|128px]] | 13 lá | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 65 | Q110257524 | [[Ceolaire fraoigh]] | Curruca undata | [[:commons:Category:Curruca undata|Curruca undata]] | | 16 ceintiméadar | | 13 lá | ''[[:d:Q719675|speiceas beagnach faoi bhagairt]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 66 | Q110257494 | [[Ceolaire mion|Ceolaire fásaigh]] | Curruca nana | [[:commons:Category:Curruca nana|Curruca nana]] | | | | | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 67 | Q202478 | [[ceolaire garraí]] | Sylvia borin | [[:commons:Category:Sylvia borin|Sylvia borin]] | | 22 ceintiméadar | [[Íomhá:Sylviaborinmap2.jpg|center|128px]] | 12 lá | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 68 | Q159080 | [[ceolaire giolcaí]] | Acrocephalus scirpaceus | [[:commons:Category:Acrocephalus scirpaceus|Acrocephalus scirpaceus]] | 12 gram | 19 ceintiméadar | [[Íomhá:AcrocephalusScirpaceusIUCN.svg|center|128px]] | | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 69 | Q827657 | [[ceolaire goirt ríse]] | Acrocephalus agricola | [[:commons:Category:Acrocephalus agricola|Acrocephalus agricola]] | | | [[Íomhá:AcrocephalusAgricolaIUCN.svg|center|128px]] | | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 70 | Q27674 | [[ceolaire ictireach]] | Hippolais icterina | [[:commons:Category:Hippolais icterina|Hippolais icterina]] | 1.7 gram | 22 ceintiméadar | [[Íomhá:HippolaisIcterinaIUCN.svg|center|128px]] | 14 lá | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 71 | Q110257499 | [[Ceolaire tiubhghobach|Ceolaire Oirféach]] | Curruca crassirostris | [[:commons:Category:Curruca crassirostris|Curruca crassirostris]] | | | | | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 72 | Q27239 | [[ceolaire sailí]] | Phylloscopus trochilus | [[:commons:Category:Phylloscopus trochilus|Phylloscopus trochilus]] | | 19 ceintiméadar | [[Íomhá:Phylloscopus trochilus Range Map.png|center|128px]] | 13 lá | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 73 | Q321272 | [[ceolaire Savi]] | Locustella luscinioides | [[:commons:Category:Locustella luscinioides|Locustella luscinioides]] | 2.08 gram | 20 ceintiméadar | [[Íomhá:LocustellaLuscinioidesIUCN.svg|center|128px]] | 10 lá | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 74 | Q460229 | [[ceolaire scothghlas]] | Phylloscopus trochiloides | [[:commons:Category:Phylloscopus trochiloides|Phylloscopus trochiloides]] | | | [[Íomhá:Phylloscopus trochiloides distribution map.png|center|128px]] | 12 lá | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 75 | Q110257505 | [[Ceolaire Ménétries|ceolaire screige]] | Curruca mystacea | [[:commons:Category:Curruca mystacea|Curruca mystacea]] | 1.5 gram | | | 12 lá | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 76 | Q26982 | [[circín starraiceach]] | Galerida cristata | [[:commons:Category:Galerida cristata|Galerida cristata]] | | | [[Íomhá:Galerida cristata distribution map.png|center|128px]] | 12 lá | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 77 | Q148583 | [[cirlghealóg]] | Emberiza cirlus | [[:commons:Category:Emberiza cirlus|Emberiza cirlus]] | | 24 ceintiméadar | [[Íomhá:Emberiza cirlus distribution map.jpg|center|128px]] | 13 lá | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 78 | Q25385 | [[clamhán]] | Buteo buteo | [[:commons:Category:Buteo buteo|Buteo buteo]] | 0.925 cileagram<br/>60 gram<br/>790 gram<br/>966.5 gram | 1.24 méadar | [[Íomhá:Buteo buteo distribution map.png|center|128px]] | 34 lá | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 79 | Q233684 | [[clamhán cosfhada]] | Buteo rufinus | [[:commons:Category:Buteo rufinus|Buteo rufinus]] | 73 gram | | [[Íomhá:ButeoRufinusIUCN2019-2.png|center|128px]] | | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 80 | Q26407 | [[clamhán lópach]] | Buteo lagopus | [[:commons:Category:Buteo lagopus|Buteo lagopus]] | 824.6 gram<br/>1.027 cileagram | 1.35 méadar | [[Íomhá:Buteo lagopus distribution map.png|center|128px]] | | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 81 | Q170466 | [[clamhán riabhach]] | Pernis apivorus | [[:commons:Category:Pernis apivorus|Pernis apivorus]] | 49 gram | 1.26 méadar | [[Íomhá:PernisApivorusIUCN2018 2.png|center|128px]] | 32 lá | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 82 | Q21090684 | [[Iolar breac mór|Clanga clanga]] | Clanga clanga | [[:commons:Category:Clanga clanga|Clanga clanga]] | 110 gram | 167.5 ceintiméadar | [[Íomhá:Aquila clanga distribution map.png|center|128px]] | | ''[[:d:Q278113|leochaileach]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 83 | Q26420 | [[Clochrán coiteann|clochrán]] | Oenanthe oenanthe | [[:commons:Category:Oenanthe oenanthe|Oenanthe oenanthe]] | | 0.28 méadar | [[Íomhá:Oenanthe oenanthe map.svg|center|128px]] | | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 84 | Q769528 | [[Clochrán earr-rua|clochrán Afganastánach]] | Oenanthe chrysopygia | [[:commons:Category:Oenanthe chrysopygia|Oenanthe chrysopygia]] | | | | 13 lá | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 85 | Q763538 | [[clochrán alabhreac]] | Oenanthe pleschanka | [[:commons:Category:Oenanthe pleschanka|Oenanthe pleschanka]] | 2.43 gram | | | 13 lá | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 86 | Q385723 | [[Oenanthe hispanica|clochrán cluasdubh]] | Oenanthe hispanica | [[:commons:Category:Oenanthe hispanica|Oenanthe hispanica]] | | | [[Íomhá:OenantheHispanicaIUCNver2019-3.png|center|128px]] | 13 lá | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 87 | Q769093 | [[Clochrán Finsch|clochrán droimbhán]] | Oenanthe finschii | [[:commons:Category:Oenanthe finschii|Oenanthe finschii]] | 26 gram<br/>29 gram | | | 12 lá | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 88 | Q1303323 | [[Clochrán Coirdíneach|clochrán earrdhearg]] | Oenanthe xanthoprymna | [[:commons:Category:Oenanthe xanthoprymna|Oenanthe xanthoprymna]] | | | | | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 89 | Q769934 | [[clochrán fásaigh]] | Oenanthe deserti | [[:commons:Category:Oenanthe deserti|Oenanthe deserti]] | | | [[Íomhá:OenantheDesertiIUCNver2019-3.png|center|128px]] | 13 lá | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 90 | Q747686 | [[clochrán gainimh]] | Oenanthe isabellina | [[:commons:Category:Oenanthe isabellina|Oenanthe isabellina]] | 3.04 gram<br/>29 gram | | | 13 lá | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 91 | Q207290 | [[Cnagaire droimgheal|cnagaire droimbhán]] | Dendrocopos leucotos | [[:commons:Category:Dendrocopos leucotos|Dendrocopos leucotos]] | | | [[Íomhá:White-backed Woodpecker Dendrocopos leucotos distribution map.png|center|128px]] | 15 lá | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 92 | Q143284 | [[cnagaire dubh]] | Dryocopus martius | [[:commons:Category:Dryocopus martius|Dryocopus martius]] | 11.8 gram | | [[Íomhá:Dryocopus martius distr.PNG|center|128px]] | 13 lá | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 93 | Q166171 | [[cnagaire glas]] | Picus viridis | [[:commons:Category:Picus viridis|Picus viridis]] | 8.9 gram<br/>193 gram | 41 ceintiméadar | [[Íomhá:Picus viridis dis.png|center|128px]] | 19 lá | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 94 | Q752481 | [[Cnagaire Siriach|cnagaire Síriach]] | Dendrocopos syriacus | [[:commons:Category:Dendrocopos syriacus|Dendrocopos syriacus]] | 5.1 gram | | [[Íomhá:Dendrocopos syriacus distr new.png|center|128px]] | 10 lá | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 95 | Q27124 | [[cnota]] | Calidris canutus | [[:commons:Category:Calidris canutus|Calidris canutus]] | 19.3 gram<br/>126 gram<br/>148 gram | 0.5 méadar | [[Íomhá:RedKnotMigration.svg|center|128px]] | | ''[[:d:Q719675|speiceas beagnach faoi bhagairt]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 96 | Q749701 | [[Cnóshnag Neumayer|cnóshnag creige]] | Sitta neumayer | [[:commons:Category:Sitta neumayer|Sitta neumayer]] | 2.43 gram | | | 15 lá | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 97 | Q156767 | [[cnóshnag Eorpach]] | Sitta europaea | [[:commons:Category:Sitta europaea|Sitta europaea]] | 2.25 gram<br/>23 gram | 24 ceintiméadar | [[Íomhá:Sitta europaea distribution map.png|center|128px]] | 16 lá | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 98 | Q514809 | [[cocaitíl]] | Nymphicus hollandicus | [[:commons:Category:Nymphicus hollandicus|Nymphicus hollandicus]] | 5.68 gram<br/>86 gram | | [[Íomhá:Bird range cockatiel.png|center|128px]] | 20 lá | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 99 | Q210341 | [[Cochlearius cochlearius]] | Cochlearius cochlearius | [[:commons:Category:Cochlearius cochlearius|Cochlearius cochlearius]] | | | [[Íomhá:Cochlearius cochlearius map.svg|center|128px]] | 25 lá | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 100 | Q1274601 | [[coileach sneachta Caispeach]] | Tetraogallus caspius | [[:commons:Category:Tetraogallus caspius|Tetraogallus caspius]] | 2.59 cileagram<br/>2.07 cileagram<br/>75 gram | 100 ceintiméadar | | | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 101 | Q1137277 | [[coileach sneachta Cugasach]] | Tetraogallus caucasicus | [[:commons:Category:Tetraogallus caucasicus|Tetraogallus caucasicus]] | | 87.5 ceintiméadar | | 28 lá | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 102 | Q25332 | [[coirneach]] | Pandion haliaetus | [[:commons:Category:Pandion haliaetus|Pandion haliaetus]] | 1.4 cileagram | 1.6 méadar | [[Íomhá:Wiki-Pandion haliaetus.png|center|128px]] | | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 103 | Q42326 | [[colm aille]] | Columba livia | [[:commons:Category:Columba livia|Columba livia]] | 294 gram<br/>267 gram | 690 millimetre | [[Íomhá:Columba livia distribution map.png|center|128px]] | | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 104 | Q26026 | [[Colúr coille|colm coille]] | Columba palumbus | [[:commons:Category:Columba palumbus|Columba palumbus]] | 18.9 gram | 0.75 méadar | [[Íomhá:Columba-palumbus-dist.png|center|128px]] | 17 lá | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 105 | Q26140 | [[colm gorm]] | Columba oenas | [[:commons:Category:Columba oenas|Columba oenas]] | 16.7 gram | 0.75 méadar | [[Íomhá:ColumbaOenasIUCNver2019-2.png|center|128px]] | 22 lá | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 106 | Q170598 | [[condar na nAindéas]] | Vultur gryphus | [[:commons:Category:Vultur gryphus|Vultur gryphus]] | | 3.048 méadar | [[Íomhá:AndeanMap.png|center|128px]] | | ''[[:d:Q278113|leochaileach]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 107 | Q25382 | [[corcrán coille]] | Pyrrhula pyrrhula | [[:commons:Category:Pyrrhula pyrrhula|Pyrrhula pyrrhula]] | 2.41 gram<br/>31 gram | 0.26 méadar | [[Íomhá:PyrrhulaPyrrhulaIUCN2019-3.png|center|128px]] | 15 lá | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 108 | Q1084895 | [[corcrán coille ceannliath]] | Pyrrhula erythaca | [[:commons:Category:Pyrrhula erythaca|Pyrrhula erythaca]] | 21.7 gram | | | | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 109 | Q160488 | [[corr chorcra]] | Ardea purpurea | [[:commons:Category:Ardea purpurea|Ardea purpurea]] | 51 gram | 1.35 méadar | [[Íomhá:ArdeaPurpureaIUCNver2019 1.png|center|128px]] | | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 110 | Q171360 | [[corr leitheadach Eoráiseach]] | Platalea leucorodia | [[:commons:Category:Platalea leucorodia|Platalea leucorodia]] | 76 gram | 1.3 méadar | [[Íomhá:Platalea leucorodia.PNG|center|128px]] | 23 lá | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 111 | Q126216 | [[corr oíche]] | Nycticorax nycticorax | [[:commons:Category:Nycticorax nycticorax|Nycticorax nycticorax]] | 682 gram<br/>590 gram | 1.06 méadar | [[Íomhá:Nycticorax nycticorax map.svg|center|128px]] | | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 112 | Q722981 | [[corr ríoga]] | Platalea regia | [[:commons:Category:Platalea regia|Platalea regia]] | 69 gram | 120 ceintiméadar | | 22 lá | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 113 | Q191394 | [[corr scréachach]] | Ardeola ralloides | [[:commons:Category:Ardeola ralloides|Ardeola ralloides]] | 16 gram<br/>288 gram | 0.86 méadar | [[Íomhá:Ardeola ralloides map.svg|center|128px]] | | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 114 | Q144218 | [[coscaróba]] | Coscoroba coscoroba | [[:commons:Category:Coscoroba coscoroba|Coscoroba coscoroba]] | 4.6 cileagram<br/>3.8 cileagram<br/>185 gram | | [[Íomhá:Coscoroba coscoroba map.svg|center|128px]] | | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 115 | Q18859 | [[cosdeargán]] | Tringa totanus | [[:commons:Category:Tringa totanus|Tringa totanus]] | 22.3 gram<br/>129 gram | 62 ceintiméadar | [[Íomhá:TringaTotanusIUCN2019 2.png|center|128px]] | 24 lá | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 116 | Q28103 | [[cosdeargán breac]] | Tringa erythropus | [[:commons:Category:Tringa erythropus|Tringa erythropus]] | 24.5 gram<br/>142 gram<br/>161 gram | 64 ceintiméadar | [[Íomhá:TringaErythropusIUCN.png|center|128px]] | | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 117 | Q230837 | [[cromán bánlíoch]] | Circus macrourus | [[:commons:Category:Circus macrourus|Circus macrourus]] | 28 gram<br/>322 gram<br/>445 gram | 1.09 méadar | [[Íomhá:Circus macrourus distribution map.png|center|128px]] | 29 lá | ''[[:d:Q719675|speiceas beagnach faoi bhagairt]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 118 | Q26574 | [[cromán liath]] | Circus pygargus | [[:commons:Category:Circus pygargus|Circus pygargus]] | 24 gram<br/>261 gram<br/>370 gram | 1.09 méadar | [[Íomhá:Circus pygargus distribution map.png|center|128px]] | 28 lá | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 119 | Q26431 | [[cromán móna iartharach]] | Circus aeruginosus | [[:commons:Category:Circus aeruginosus|Circus aeruginosus]] | 40 gram | 1.16 méadar | [[Íomhá:Circus aeruginosus distribution map.png|center|128px]] | 34 lá | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 120 | Q25572 | [[cromán na gcearc]] | Circus cyaneus | [[:commons:Category:Circus cyaneus|Circus cyaneus]] | 346 gram<br/>527 gram | 1.1 méadar | [[Íomhá:Circus cyaneus distribution map.png|center|128px]] | | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 121 | Q27102 | [[crosán]] | Alca torda | [[:commons:Category:Alca torda|Alca torda]] | | 0.661 méadar | [[Íomhá:Alca torda map.svg|center|128px]] | | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 122 | Q18854 | [[crotach]] | Numenius arquata | [[:commons:Category:Numenius arquata|Numenius arquata]] | 76 gram<br/>742 gram<br/>869 gram | 0.97 méadar | [[Íomhá:NumeniusArquata.png|center|128px]] | 28 lá | ''[[:d:Q719675|speiceas beagnach faoi bhagairt]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 123 | Q61857 | [[crotach Artach]] | Numenius borealis | [[:commons:Category:Numenius borealis|Numenius borealis]] | | 70 ceintiméadar | [[Íomhá:Numenius borealis map.svg|center|128px]] | | ''[[:d:Q219127|i mbaol criticiúil]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 124 | Q18858 | [[crotach eanaigh]] | Numenius phaeopus | [[:commons:Category:Numenius phaeopus|Numenius phaeopus]] | | 1.07 méadar | [[Íomhá:Numenius phaeopus distribution map.svg|center|128px]] | | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 125 | Q79915 | [[Murlach mara|cruidín]] | Alcedo atthis | [[:commons:Category:Alcedo atthis|Alcedo atthis]] | 4.3 gram | 25 ceintiméadar | [[Íomhá:Alcedo atthis -range map-2-cp.png|center|128px]] | 19.5 lá | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 126 | Q735158 | [[cruidín píbgheal]] | Halcyon smyrnensis | [[:commons:Category:Halcyon smyrnensis|Halcyon smyrnensis]] | | | [[Íomhá:White-throated Kingfisher Range.JPG|center|128px]] | | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 127 | Q18845 | [[Cuach choiteann|cuach]] | Cuculus canorus | [[:commons:Category:Cuculus canorus|Cuculus canorus]] | 3.22 gram<br/>117 gram<br/>106 gram | 58 ceintiméadar | [[Íomhá:CuculusCanorusIUCNver2019 3.png|center|128px]] | 12 lá | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 128 | Q852265 | [[cuach ghob-bhuí]] | Coccyzus americanus | [[:commons:Category:Coccyzus americanus|Coccyzus americanus]] | | | [[Íomhá:Coccyzus americanus map.svg|center|128px]] | | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 129 | Q27442 | [[cuilire alabhreac]] | Ficedula hypoleuca | [[:commons:Category:Ficedula hypoleuca|Ficedula hypoleuca]] | 1.7 gram<br/>12 gram | 22 ceintiméadar | [[Íomhá:FicedulaHypoleucaIUCN2019-3.png|center|128px]] | 14 lá | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 130 | Q241499 | [[cuilire broinnrua]] | Ficedula parva | [[:commons:Category:Ficedula parva|Ficedula parva]] | 1.45 gram | | [[Íomhá:FicedulaParvaIUCN2019-3.png|center|128px]] | 12 lá | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 131 | Q1591580 | [[cuilire leathmhuinceach]] | Ficedula semitorquata | [[:commons:Category:Ficedula semitorquata|Ficedula semitorquata]] | | | | 14 lá | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 132 | Q26607 | [[cuilire liath]] | Muscicapa striata | [[:commons:Category:Muscicapa striata|Muscicapa striata]] | 1.92 gram | 24 ceintiméadar | [[Íomhá:MuscicapaStriataIUCN2019-3.png|center|128px]] | 14 lá | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 133 | Q690826 | [[Cuilire bán|cuilire muinceach]] | Ficedula albicollis | [[:commons:Category:Ficedula albicollis|Ficedula albicollis]] | 1.6 gram | | [[Íomhá:FicedulaAlbicollisIUCN2019-3.png|center|128px]] | 13 lá | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 134 | Q838749 | [[Scréachóg Steller|Cyanocitta stelleri]] | Cyanocitta stelleri | [[:commons:Category:Cyanocitta stelleri|Cyanocitta stelleri]] | 8.1 gram<br/>94 gram | | [[Íomhá:Cyanocitta stelleri map.svg|center|128px]] | | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 135 | Q25345384 | [[cág]] | Coloeus monedula | [[:commons:Category:Coloeus monedula|Coloeus monedula]] | | 0.65 méadar | [[Íomhá:Corvus monedula distribution de.svg|center|128px]] | 20 lá | |- | style='text-align:right'| 136 | Q191386 | [[cág gob-bhuí]] | Pyrrhocorax graculus | [[:commons:Category:Pyrrhocorax graculus|Pyrrhocorax graculus]] | | | [[Íomhá:Pyrrhocoraxgraculusmap.png|center|128px]] | 19 lá | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 137 | Q208405 | [[cánóg dhubh]] | Puffinus puffinus | [[:commons:Category:Puffinus puffinus|Puffinus puffinus]] | 521 gram | 82 ceintiméadar | [[Íomhá:Puffinus puffinus distribution.jpg|center|128px]] | | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 138 | Q25234 | [[Lon dubh|céirseach]] | Turdus merula | [[:commons:Category:Turdus merula|Turdus merula]] | | 36 ceintiméadar | [[Íomhá:Turdus merula distribution map.png|center|128px]] | 13 lá | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 139 | Q244197 | [[Cíobhaí Beag Breac|cíobhaí beag breac]] | Apteryx owenii | [[:commons:Category:Apteryx owenii|Apteryx owenii]] | 285 gram | | [[Íomhá:Apteryx owenii - distribution map.svg|center|128px]] | | ''[[:d:Q719675|speiceas beagnach faoi bhagairt]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 140 | Q734829 | [[Cíobhaí Donn an Oileáin Thuaidh|cíobhaí donn an Oileáin Thuaidh]] | Apteryx mantelli | [[:commons:Category:Apteryx mantelli|Apteryx mantelli]] | 2.25 cileagram<br/>2.955 cileagram | | [[Íomhá:North Island Brown Kiwi.png|center|128px]] | | ''[[:d:Q278113|leochaileach]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 141 | Q730091 | [[Cíobhaí Mór Breac|cíobhaí mór breac]] | Apteryx haastii | [[:commons:Category:Apteryx haastii|Apteryx haastii]] | 425 gram | | [[Íomhá:418px-NZ-kiwimapApteryx haastii.png|center|128px]] | | ''[[:d:Q278113|leochaileach]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 142 | Q26657 | [[Cíorbhuí coiteann|cíorbhuí]] | Regulus regulus | [[:commons:Category:Regulus regulus|Regulus regulus]] | 0.77 gram | 14 ceintiméadar | [[Íomhá:Regulus regulus map.png|center|128px]] | 17 lá | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 143 | Q869023 | [[cíorlacha Phatagónach]] | Lophonetta specularioides | [[:commons:Category:Lophonetta specularioides|Lophonetta specularioides]] | | | [[Íomhá:Lophonetta specularioides map.svg|center|128px]] | 30 lá | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 144 | Q716456 | [[Cúcabarra breac]] | Dacelo tyro | [[:commons:Category:Dacelo tyro|Dacelo tyro]] | 136 gram<br/>156 gram | | | | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 145 | Q854856 | [[Cúcabarra gormeiteach]] | Dacelo leachii | [[:commons:Category:Dacelo leachii|Dacelo leachii]] | 334 gram<br/>284 gram | | | 25 lá | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 146 | Q824974 | [[Cúcabarra gáiriteach]] | Dacelo novaeguineae | [[:commons:Category:Dacelo novaeguineae|Dacelo novaeguineae]] | 30.4 gram<br/>307.2 gram<br/>352.1 gram | | [[Íomhá:Distribution laughing kookaburra.jpg|center|128px]] | | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 147 | Q919707 | [[Cúcabarra sluasaidghobach]] | Dacelo rex | [[:commons:Category:Clytoceyx rex|Clytoceyx rex]] | | | | | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 148 | Q942119 | [[Cúcabarra tarr-ruadhonn]] | Dacelo gaudichaud | [[:commons:Category:Dacelo gaudichaud|Dacelo gaudichaud]] | 143 gram | | | | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 149 | Q80362 | [[cúr dubh]] | Milvus migrans | [[:commons:Category:Milvus migrans|Milvus migrans]] | 56 gram<br/>828 gram | 1.52 méadar | [[Íomhá:Milvus migrans distr.png|center|128px]] | | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 150 | Q156250 | [[cúr rua]] | Milvus milvus | [[:commons:Category:Milvus milvus|Milvus milvus]] | 63 gram<br/>1.012 cileagram<br/>1.232 cileagram | 1.66 méadar | [[Íomhá:Milvus milvus distr.png|center|128px]] | 31 lá | |- | style='text-align:right'| 151 | Q184825 | [[deargán sneachta]] | Turdus iliacus | [[:commons:Category:Turdus iliacus|Turdus iliacus]] | 4.9 gram<br/>62 gram | 0.36 méadar | [[Íomhá:Turdus iliacus map.svg|center|128px]] | 13 lá | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 152 | Q11380593 | [[deargéadan beag]] | Acanthis cabaret | [[:commons:Category:Acanthis cabaret|Acanthis cabaret]] | | | [[Íomhá:Carduelis cabaret map.png|center|128px]] | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 153 | Q20754771 | [[deargéadan coiteann]] | Acanthis flammea | [[:commons:Category:Acanthis flammea|Acanthis flammea]] | | 23 ceintiméadar | [[Íomhá:AcanthisFlammeaIUCN.svg|center|128px]] | | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 154 | Q275591 | [[Meánchnagaire breac|Dendrocoptes medius]] | Dendrocoptes medius | [[:commons:Category:Dendrocoptes medius|Dendrocoptes medius]] | | | [[Íomhá:Dendrocopos medius distr.png|center|128px]] | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 155 | Q856531 | [[Dicrurus paradiseus]] | Dicrurus paradiseus | [[:commons:Category:Dicrurus paradiseus|Dicrurus paradiseus]] | | | | | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 156 | Q26698 | [[donnóg]] | Prunella modularis | [[:commons:Category:Prunella modularis|Prunella modularis]] | | 0.21 méadar | [[Íomhá:PrunellaModularisIUCN.png|center|128px]] | 14 lá | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 157 | Q167230 | [[Snámhaí balla|dreapaire balla]] | Tichodroma muraria | [[:commons:Category:Tichodroma muraria|Tichodroma muraria]] | | | [[Íomhá:Mauerläufer1.png|center|128px]] | 19 lá | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 158 | Q25740 | [[dreoilín]] | Troglodytes troglodytes | [[:commons:Category:Troglodytes troglodytes|Troglodytes troglodytes]] | | 15 ceintiméadar | [[Íomhá:TroglodytesTroglodytesIUCN.svg|center|128px]] | | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 159 | Q27160 | [[droimneach beag]] | Larus fuscus | [[:commons:Category:Larus fuscus|Larus fuscus]] | 880 gram<br/>755 gram | 1.34 méadar | [[Íomhá:Larus fuscus map.svg|center|128px]] | 25 lá | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 160 | Q26629 | [[droimneach mór]] | Larus marinus | [[:commons:Category:Larus marinus|Larus marinus]] | | 1.67 méadar | [[Íomhá:Larus marinus map.svg|center|128px]] | | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 161 | Q25469 | [[Druid choiteann|druid]] | Sturnus vulgaris | [[:commons:Category:Sturnus vulgaris|Sturnus vulgaris]] | | 0.38 méadar | [[Íomhá:Sturnus vulgaris map.png|center|128px]] | | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 162 | Q890912 | [[Druid droimchorcra|druid dauria]] | Agropsar sturninus | [[:commons:Category:Agropsar sturninus|Agropsar sturninus]] | | | | | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 163 | Q20823352 | [[druid rósach]] | Pastor roseus | [[:commons:Category:Pastor roseus|Pastor roseus]] | 6.6 gram<br/>79.6 gram<br/>66.9 gram | | [[Íomhá:PastorRoseusIUCNver2020-1.png|center|128px]] | | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 164 | Q25402 | [[eala bhalbh]] | Cygnus olor | [[:commons:Category:Cygnus olor|Cygnus olor]] | 11.8 cileagram<br/>9.67 cileagram | 230 ceintiméadar | [[Íomhá:CygnusOlorIUCN2019 2.png|center|128px]] | | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 165 | Q131044 | [[eala dhubh]] | Cygnus atratus | [[:commons:Category:Cygnus atratus|Cygnus atratus]] | 258 gram<br/>6.2 cileagram<br/>5.1 cileagram | 180 ceintiméadar | [[Íomhá:Black Swan.png|center|128px]] | 38 lá | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 166 | Q25612 | [[eala ghlórach]] | Cygnus cygnus | [[:commons:Category:Cygnus cygnus|Cygnus cygnus]] | 331 gram<br/>14 cileagram<br/>8.75 cileagram | 2.29 méadar | [[Íomhá:Cygnus-cygnus.png|center|128px]] | 36 lá | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 167 | Q244432 | [[eala phíbdhubh]] | Cygnus melancoryphus | [[:commons:Category:Cygnus melancoryphus|Cygnus melancoryphus]] | | | [[Íomhá:Cygnus melancoryphus map.svg|center|128px]] | 35 lá | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 168 | Q26603 | [[eala thundra]] | Cygnus columbianus | [[:commons:Category:Cygnus columbianus|Cygnus columbianus]] | 7.258 cileagram<br/>6.305 cileagram | 1.98 méadar | [[Íomhá:Cygnus columbianus map.svg|center|128px]] | | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 169 | Q26620 | [[earrdheargán]] | Phoenicurus phoenicurus | [[:commons:Category:Phoenicurus phoenicurus|Phoenicurus phoenicurus]] | | 22 ceintiméadar | [[Íomhá:Distribution ph phoenicurus.png|center|128px]] | 13 lá | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 170 | Q796484 | [[Earrdheargán báneiteach|earrdheargán Cugasach]] | Phoenicurus erythrogastrus | [[:commons:Category:Phoenicurus erythrogastrus|Phoenicurus erythrogastrus]] | | | | 14 lá | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 171 | Q26755 | [[earrdheargán dubh]] | Phoenicurus ochruros | [[:commons:Category:Phoenicurus ochruros|Phoenicurus ochruros]] | | 25 ceintiméadar | [[Íomhá:DistributionBlackRedstart.png|center|128px]] | 14 lá | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 172 | Q645528 | [[Euplectes franciscanus|Easpag flannbhuí]] | Euplectes franciscanus | [[:commons:Category:Euplectes franciscanus|Euplectes franciscanus]] | | | | | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 173 | Q205491 | [[Gealóg charraige|Emberiza cia]] | Emberiza cia | [[:commons:Category:Emberiza cia|Emberiza cia]] | 2.77 gram<br/>23 gram | | [[Íomhá:EmberizaCiaIUCN2019-3.png|center|128px]] | 14 lá | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 174 | Q1262861 | [[Spioróg mhór ruadhonn|Erythrotriorchis radiatus]] | Erythrotriorchis radiatus | [[:commons:Category:Erythrotriorchis radiatus|Erythrotriorchis radiatus]] | 630 gram<br/>1.1 cileagram | 123.5 ceintiméadar | | 41 lá | [[Speiceas i mbaol (Stádas AICD)|speiceas i mbaol]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 175 | Q1060483 | [[Eurylaimus ochromalus]] | Eurylaimus ochromalus | [[:commons:Category:Eurylaimus ochromalus|Eurylaimus ochromalus]] | 33 gram | | [[Íomhá:Eurylaimus ochromalus map.svg|center|128px]] | | ''[[:d:Q719675|speiceas beagnach faoi bhagairt]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 176 | Q748290 | [[fabhcún Barbarach]] | Falco pelegrinoides | [[:commons:Category:Falco peregrinus pelegrinoides|Falco peregrinus pelegrinoides]] | | | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 177 | Q25876 | [[Fabhcún coille Eoráiseach]] | Falco subbuteo | [[:commons:Category:Falco subbuteo|Falco subbuteo]] | 24 gram<br/>181.5 gram<br/>240.5 gram | 0.74 méadar | [[Íomhá:FalcoSubbuteoIUCNver2019 2.png|center|128px]] | 29 lá | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 178 | Q179625 | [[fabhcún cosdearg]] | Falco vespertinus | [[:commons:Category:Falco vespertinus|Falco vespertinus]] | 17 gram<br/>150 gram<br/>167 gram | 0.72 méadar | [[Íomhá:Falco vespertinus distr.png|center|128px]] | | ''[[:d:Q278113|leochaileach]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 179 | Q30535 | [[Falco peregrinus|fabhcún gorm]] | Falco peregrinus | [[:commons:Category:Falco peregrinus|Falco peregrinus]] | | 1.02 méadar | [[Íomhá:PeregrineRangeMap.png|center|128px]] | | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 180 | Q33554 | [[fabhcún Lanner]] | Falco biarmicus | [[:commons:Category:Falco biarmicus|Falco biarmicus]] | | 100.5 ceintiméadar | [[Íomhá:FalcoBiarmicusIUCN2019-3.png|center|128px]] | 32 lá | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 181 | Q165974 | [[fabhcún Saker]] | Falco cherrug | [[:commons:Category:Falco cherrug|Falco cherrug]] | 53 gram<br/>875 gram<br/>1.13 cileagram | 111.5 ceintiméadar | [[Íomhá:Falco cherrug distr.png|center|128px]] | 30 lá | [[Speiceas i mbaol (Stádas AICD)|speiceas i mbaol]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 182 | Q177688 | [[fabhcún tuaithe]] | Falco rusticolus | [[:commons:Category:Falco rusticolus|Falco rusticolus]] | | 58 ceintiméadar | | | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 183 | Q206840 | [[falaróp gobchaol]] | Phalaropus lobatus | [[:commons:Category:Phalaropus lobatus|Phalaropus lobatus]] | 6.3 gram<br/>35 gram<br/>39 gram | 0.34 méadar | [[Íomhá:Phalaropus lobatus map.svg|center|128px]] | 19 lá | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 184 | Q208335 | [[falaróp gobmhór]] | Phalaropus fulicarius | [[:commons:Category:Phalaropus fulicarius|Phalaropus fulicarius]] | | 0.42 méadar | [[Íomhá:Phalaropus fulicarius map.svg|center|128px]] | 19 lá | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 185 | Q26470 | [[falcóg bheag]] | Alle alle | [[:commons:Category:Alle alle|Alle alle]] | 28 gram | 0.32 méadar | [[Íomhá:Alle alle - distribution map.svg|center|128px]] | | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 186 | Q683138 | [[faoileán Airméanach]] | Larus armenicus | [[:commons:Category:Larus armenicus|Larus armenicus]] | 1 cileagram | 140 ceintiméadar | [[Íomhá:Larus armenicus range.png|center|128px]] | | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 187 | Q619065 | [[faoileán an Aigéin Chiúin]] | Larus pacificus | [[:commons:Category:Larus pacificus|Larus pacificus]] | 98.4 gram<br/>1.55 cileagram<br/>1.077 cileagram | 147 ceintiméadar | | 24 lá | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 188 | Q754885 | [[faoileán bandghobach]] | Larus delawarensis | [[:commons:Category:Larus delawarensis|Larus delawarensis]] | 566 gram<br/>471 gram | 1150 millimetre | [[Íomhá:Larus delawarensis map.svg|center|128px]] | | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 189 | Q26427 | [[faoileán bán]] | Larus canus | [[:commons:Category:Larus canus|Larus canus]] | 413 gram<br/>360 gram | 1.11 méadar | [[Íomhá:Larus canus map.svg|center|128px]] | | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 190 | Q27375 | [[faoileán glas]] | Larus hyperboreus | [[:commons:Category:Larus hyperboreus|Larus hyperboreus]] | 1.576 cileagram<br/>1.249 cileagram | 158 ceintiméadar | [[Íomhá:Larus hyperboreus map.svg|center|128px]] | | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 191 | Q391421 | [[Crotach gobchaol|faoileán gobchaol]] | Chroicocephalus genei | [[:commons:Category:Chroicocephalus genei|Chroicocephalus genei]] | 29 gram<br/>275 gram<br/>236 gram | 102 ceintiméadar | [[Íomhá:ChroicocephalusGeneiIUCN.svg|center|128px]] | 22 lá | |- | style='text-align:right'| 192 | Q389505 | [[faoileán gáiriteach]] | Larus cachinnans | [[:commons:Category:Larus cachinnans|Larus cachinnans]] | 60 gram<br/>1.275 cileagram<br/>1.033 cileagram | 141 ceintiméadar | [[Íomhá:LarusCachinnansIUCN2019-2.png|center|128px]] | 27 lá | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 193 | Q28236 | [[faoileán scadán]] | Larus argentatus | [[:commons:Category:Larus argentatus|Larus argentatus]] | | 1.34 méadar | [[Íomhá:Larus argentatus map.svg|center|128px]] | | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 194 | Q704982 | [[faoileán scadán cosbhuí]] | Larus michahellis | [[:commons:Category:Larus michahellis|Larus michahellis]] | | 130 ceintiméadar | [[Íomhá:Larus michahellis map.png|center|128px]] | 28 lá | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 195 | Q2735427 | [[Faoileán Heuglin|faoileán Sibéarach]] | Larus heuglini | [[:commons:Category:Larus fuscus heuglini|Larus fuscus heuglini]] | | | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 196 | Q742574 | [[feadlacha aghaidhbhán]] | Dendrocygna viduata | [[:commons:Category:Dendrocygna viduata|Dendrocygna viduata]] | 36 gram<br/>674 gram | | [[Íomhá:Dendrocygnaviduatarange.png|center|128px]] | | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 197 | Q378192 | [[feadlacha na nIndiacha Thiar]] | Dendrocygna arborea | [[:commons:Category:Dendrocygna arborea|Dendrocygna arborea]] | 54 gram | | [[Íomhá:Dendrocygna arborea map.svg|center|128px]] | 30 lá | ''[[:d:Q719675|speiceas beagnach faoi bhagairt]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 198 | Q752461 | [[feadlacha tharrdhubh]] | Dendrocygna autumnalis | [[:commons:Category:Dendrocygna autumnalis|Dendrocygna autumnalis]] | 831 gram | | [[Íomhá:Dendrocygna autumnalis map.svg|center|128px]] | | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 199 | Q21148 | [[feadóg bhuí]] | Pluvialis apricaria | [[:commons:Category:Pluvialis apricaria|Pluvialis apricaria]] | 32.8 gram<br/>175 gram | 72 ceintiméadar | [[Íomhá:Pluvialis apricaria map.svg|center|128px]] | 29 lá | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 200 | Q18865 | [[feadóg bhuí Chiúin-Aigéanach]] | Pluvialis fulva | [[:commons:Category:Pluvialis fulva|Pluvialis fulva]] | 18 gram<br/>135 gram | 44 ceintiméadar | [[Íomhá:PluvialisFulvaIUCNver2018 2.png|center|128px]] | | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 201 | Q216836 | [[feadóg bhuí Mheiriceánach]] | Pluvialis dominica | [[:commons:Category:Pluvialis dominica|Pluvialis dominica]] | 26 gram<br/>145 gram | 0.62 méadar | [[Íomhá:Pluvialis dominica map.svg|center|128px]] | | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 202 | Q752485 | [[Feadóg Áiseach|feadóg Chaispeach]] | Anarhynchus asiaticus | [[:commons:Category:Charadrius asiaticus|Charadrius asiaticus]] | | 58 ceintiméadar | | | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 203 | Q26816 | [[feadóg chladaigh]] | Charadrius hiaticula | [[:commons:Category:Charadrius hiaticula|Charadrius hiaticula]] | 10.9 gram | 0.41 méadar | [[Íomhá:Charadrius hiaticula map.svg|center|128px]] | | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 204 | Q752398 | [[Pilibín Indiach|feadóg dheargsprochallach]] | Vanellus indicus | [[:commons:Category:Vanellus indicus|Vanellus indicus]] | | 0.683 méadar | [[Íomhá:Vanellus indicus map.svg|center|128px]] | 28 lá | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 205 | Q827245 | [[feadóg earrbhán]] | Vanellus leucurus | [[:commons:Category:Vanellus leucurus|Vanellus leucurus]] | | 62.5 ceintiméadar | | 22 lá | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 206 | Q18857 | [[feadóg ghainimh mhór]] | Charadrius leschenaultii | [[:commons:Category:Charadrius leschenaultii|Charadrius leschenaultii]] | | 52 ceintiméadar | | | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 207 | Q18835 | [[feadóg ghlas]] | Pluvialis squatarola | [[:commons:Category:Pluvialis squatarola|Pluvialis squatarola]] | | 77 ceintiméadar | [[Íomhá:Pluvialis squatarola map.svg|center|128px]] | | ''[[:d:Q278113|leochaileach]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 208 | Q755737 | [[feadóg ghlórach]] | Charadrius vociferus | [[:commons:Category:Charadrius vociferus|Charadrius vociferus]] | | 61 ceintiméadar | [[Íomhá:Charadrius vociferus map.svg|center|128px]] | | ''[[:d:Q719675|speiceas beagnach faoi bhagairt]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 209 | Q468009 | [[feadóg mhionbhosach]] | Charadrius semipalmatus | [[:commons:Category:Charadrius semipalmatus|Charadrius semipalmatus]] | | 47.5 ceintiméadar | [[Íomhá:Charadrius semipalmatus map.svg|center|128px]] | | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 210 | Q18851 | [[feadóigín chladaigh]] | Charadrius dubius | [[:commons:Category:Charadrius dubius|Charadrius dubius]] | 7.7 gram | 45 ceintiméadar | [[Íomhá:CharadriusDubiusIUCN2019-3.png|center|128px]] | 24 lá | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 211 | Q18855 | [[feadóigín chosdubh]] | Charadrius alexandrinus | [[:commons:Category:Charadrius alexandrinus|Charadrius alexandrinus]] | 47 gram | 42.5 ceintiméadar | [[Íomhá:CharadriusAlexandrinusIUCNver2018 2.png|center|128px]] | | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 212 | Q25405 | [[Caróg liath|feannóg]] | Corvus cornix | [[:commons:Category:Corvus cornix|Corvus cornix]] | | 98 ceintiméadar | [[Íomhá:Corvus cornix map.svg|center|128px]] | 18 lá | |- | style='text-align:right'| 213 | Q168514 | [[Fearán Eorpach|fearán]] | Streptopelia turtur | [[:commons:Category:Streptopelia turtur|Streptopelia turtur]] | 8.2 gram<br/>136 gram | 50 ceintiméadar | [[Íomhá:StreptopeliaTurturIUCN.png|center|128px]] | 15 lá | ''[[:d:Q278113|leochaileach]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 214 | Q54696 | [[fearán baicdhubh]] | Streptopelia decaocto | [[:commons:Category:Streptopelia decaocto|Streptopelia decaocto]] | 9.2 gram<br/>193 gram | 30 ceintiméadar | [[Íomhá:StreptopeliaDecaoctoIUCN.svg|center|128px]] | | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 215 | Q750027 | [[fearán gubhach]] | Zenaida macroura | [[:commons:Category:Zenaida macroura|Zenaida macroura]] | | | [[Íomhá:Zenaida macroura map.svg|center|128px]] | | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 216 | Q391198 | [[Colm gáiriteach|fearán pailme]] | Spilopelia senegalensis | [[:commons:Category:Spilopelia senegalensis|Spilopelia senegalensis]] | | | | | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 217 | Q25357 | [[fiach dubh]] | Corvus corax | [[:commons:Category:Corvus corax|Corvus corax]] | 689 gram<br/>1625 gram<br/>1041 gram<br/>25 gram | 120 ceintiméadar<br/>150 ceintiméadar | [[Íomhá:Corvus corax map.jpg|center|128px]] | | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 218 | Q25393 | [[filiméala]] | Luscinia megarhynchos | [[:commons:Category:Luscinia megarhynchos|Luscinia megarhynchos]] | 2.65 gram | 24 ceintiméadar | [[Íomhá:LusciniaMegarhynchosIUCN.svg|center|128px]] | 14 lá | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 219 | Q206130 | [[filiméala smólaigh]] | Luscinia luscinia | [[:commons:Category:Luscinia luscinia|Luscinia luscinia]] | 3.06 gram | | [[Íomhá:LusciniaLusciniaIUCN.svg|center|128px]] | 13 lá | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 220 | Q192058 | [[foitheach cluasach]] | Podiceps auritus | [[:commons:Category:Podiceps auritus|Podiceps auritus]] | 22.5 gram<br/>449.5 gram | 62 ceintiméadar | [[Íomhá:Slavonian Grebe-location-map-en.svg|center|128px]] | | ''[[:d:Q278113|leochaileach]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 221 | Q579718 | [[foitheach gob-alabhreac]] | Podilymbus podiceps | [[:commons:Category:Podilymbus podiceps|Podilymbus podiceps]] | 20.5 gram<br/>522 gram<br/>358 gram | 54 ceintiméadar | [[Íomhá:Podilymbus podiceps map.svg|center|128px]] | | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 222 | Q25422 | [[foitheach mór]] | Podiceps cristatus | [[:commons:Category:Podiceps cristatus|Podiceps cristatus]] | 39.5 gram<br/>920 gram<br/>830 gram | 88 ceintiméadar | [[Íomhá:PodicepsCristatusIUCN2019-2.png|center|128px]] | 28 lá | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 223 | Q185183 | [[foitheach píbdhubh]] | Podiceps nigricollis | [[:commons:Category:Podiceps nigricollis|Podiceps nigricollis]] | | 58 ceintiméadar | [[Íomhá:Black-necked Grebe-map-location-map-en.svg|center|128px]] | | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 224 | Q179919 | [[foitheach píbrua]] | Podiceps grisegena | [[:commons:Category:Podiceps grisegena|Podiceps grisegena]] | 30.5 gram<br/>873.5 gram<br/>785.4 gram | 0.725 méadar | [[Íomhá:PodicepsGrisegenaIUCNver2019-2.png|center|128px]] | | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 225 | Q21062 | [[foracha]] | Uria aalge | [[:commons:Category:Uria aalge|Uria aalge]] | 108 gram | 0.707 méadar | [[Íomhá:Uria aalge map.svg|center|128px]] | | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 226 | Q212055 | [[foracha dhubh]] | Cepphus grylle | [[:commons:Category:Cepphus grylle|Cepphus grylle]] | 381 gram | 55 ceintiméadar | [[Íomhá:Cepphus grylle map.svg|center|128px]] | | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 227 | Q285165 | [[Francolin dubh|francóilín dubh]] | Francolinus francolinus | [[:commons:Category:Francolinus francolinus|Francolinus francolinus]] | 425 gram<br/>355 gram | | | | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 228 | Q25961 | [[Alauda arvensis|fuiseog]] | Alauda arvensis | [[:commons:Category:Alauda arvensis|Alauda arvensis]] | | 0.35 méadar | [[Íomhá:AlaudaArvensisIUCNver2019 1.png|center|128px]] | | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 229 | Q207249 | [[fuiseog adharcach]] | Eremophila alpestris | [[:commons:Category:Eremophila alpestris|Eremophila alpestris]] | | 32 ceintiméadar | [[Íomhá:EremophilaAlpestrisIUCN.svg|center|128px]] | | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 230 | Q470853 | [[Fuiseog chalandra|fuiseog aithriseach]] | Melanocorypha calandra | [[:commons:Category:Melanocorypha calandra|Melanocorypha calandra]] | 63 gram<br/>55 gram | | [[Íomhá:Melanocorypha calandra distribution map.png|center|128px]] | 12 lá | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 231 | Q1137284 | [[fuiseog bháneiteach]] | Alauda leucoptera | [[:commons:Category:Alauda leucoptera|Alauda leucoptera]] | | | | | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 232 | Q26969 | [[fuiseog choille]] | Lullula arborea | [[:commons:Category:Lullula arborea|Lullula arborea]] | | 29 ceintiméadar | [[Íomhá:Lullula arborea distribution map.png|center|128px]] | 14 lá | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 233 | Q318893 | [[Fuiseog Elton|fuiseog dhubh]] | Melanocorypha yeltoniensis | [[:commons:Category:Melanocorypha yeltoniensis|Melanocorypha yeltoniensis]] | 4.34 gram<br/>63.7 gram<br/>56.4 gram | | | 15 lá | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 234 | Q819885 | [[fuiseog dhébhallach]] | Melanocorypha bimaculata | [[:commons:Category:Melanocorypha bimaculata|Melanocorypha bimaculata]] | 4.04 gram<br/>54 gram | | [[Íomhá:Melanocorypha bimaculata distribution map.png|center|128px]] | | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 235 | Q24843 | [[fuiseog ladharghearr]] | Calandrella brachydactyla | [[:commons:Category:Calandrella brachydactyla|Calandrella brachydactyla]] | | | [[Íomhá:CalandrellaBrachydactylaIUCN2019 2.png|center|128px]] | 12 lá | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 236 | Q525871 | [[fuiseog oirthearach]] | Alauda gulgula | [[:commons:Category:Alauda gulgula|Alauda gulgula]] | | | | 10 lá | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 237 | Q25429 | [[fáinleog]] | Hirundo rustica | [[:commons:Category:Hirundo rustica|Hirundo rustica]] | | 0.32 méadar | [[Íomhá:Hirundo rustica.png|center|128px]] | 13.5 lá | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 238 | Q26055 | [[gabhlán binne]] | Delichon urbicum | [[:commons:Category:Delichon urbicum|Delichon urbicum]] | | 0.29 méadar | [[Íomhá:Delichon urbicum.png|center|128px]] | 15 lá | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 239 | Q165923 | [[gabhlán bánlíoch]] | Apus pallidus | [[:commons:Category:Apus pallidus|Apus pallidus]] | 3.5 gram<br/>41.3 gram | 0.44 méadar | | 22 lá | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 240 | Q213216 | [[gabhlán creige Eoráiseach]] | Ptyonoprogne rupestris | [[:commons:Category:Ptyonoprogne rupestris|Ptyonoprogne rupestris]] | 2.08 gram<br/>20 gram | 0.32 méadar | [[Íomhá:Ptyonoprogne rupestris.png|center|128px]] | 15 lá | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 241 | Q31769 | [[gabhlán earrspíonach]] | Hirundapus caudacutus | [[:commons:Category:Hirundapus caudacutus|Hirundapus caudacutus]] | | | [[Íomhá:HirundapusCaudacutusDistribution.png|center|128px]] | 40 lá | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 242 | Q25909 | [[gabhlán gainimh]] | Riparia riparia | [[:commons:Category:Riparia riparia|Riparia riparia]] | | 0.27 méadar | [[Íomhá:Riparia riparia map.svg|center|128px]] | | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 243 | Q25377 | [[gabhlán gaoithe]] | Apus apus | [[:commons:Category:Apus apus|Apus apus]] | 3.5 gram | 0.4 méadar | [[Íomhá:Apus apus distribution map.png|center|128px]] | 20 lá | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 244 | Q321267 | [[Gabhlán Alpach|gabhlán gaoithe alpach]] | Tachymarptis melba | [[:commons:Category:Tachymarptis melba|Tachymarptis melba]] | 6.05 gram<br/>96 gram | | [[Íomhá:TachymarptisMelbaIUCNver2018 2.png|center|128px]] | | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 245 | Q611324 | [[Gabhlán beag|gabhlán gaoithe beag]] | Apus affinis | [[:commons:Category:Apus affinis|Apus affinis]] | | | [[Íomhá:ApusAffinisDistribution.png|center|128px]] | 23 lá | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 246 | Q912863 | [[gabhlán simléir]] | Chaetura pelagica | [[:commons:Category:Chaetura pelagica|Chaetura pelagica]] | 23.6 gram | | [[Íomhá:Chimney Swift range.png|center|128px]] | | ''[[:d:Q278113|leochaileach]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 247 | Q128002 | [[gaineamhchearc Pallas]] | Syrrhaptes paradoxus | [[:commons:Category:Syrrhaptes paradoxus|Syrrhaptes paradoxus]] | 21 gram | 69 ceintiméadar | [[Íomhá:SyrrhaptesParadoxusIUCN.png|center|128px]] | 24 lá | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 248 | Q18875 | [[Geabhróg choiteann|geabhróg]] | Sterna hirundo | [[:commons:Category:Sterna hirundo|Sterna hirundo]] | | 0.88 méadar | [[Íomhá:CommonTernmap.png|center|128px]] | | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 249 | Q26800 | [[geabhróg Artach]] | Sterna paradisaea | [[:commons:Category:Sterna paradisaea|Sterna paradisaea]] | 114 gram | 0.8 méadar | [[Íomhá:Sterna paradisaea distribution and migration map.png|center|128px]] | | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 250 | Q12267692 | [[geabhróg bheag]] | Sternula albifrons | [[:commons:Category:Sternula albifrons|Sternula albifrons]] | 10 gram<br/>57 gram | 0.52 méadar | [[Íomhá:SternulaAlbifronsIUCN.png|center|128px]] | | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 251 | Q233616 | [[geabhróg bhroinndubh]] | Chlidonias hybrida | [[:commons:Category:Chlidonias hybrida|Chlidonias hybrida]] | 90 gram<br/>78 gram | 67 ceintiméadar | [[Íomhá:ChlidoniasHybridaIUCN2019 3.png|center|128px]] | | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 252 | Q241753 | [[geabhróg bháneiteach]] | Chlidonias leucopterus | [[:commons:Category:Chlidonias leucopterus|Chlidonias leucopterus]] | 10.5 gram | 0.65 méadar | [[Íomhá:Chlidonias leucopterus map.svg|center|128px]] | | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 253 | Q27129 | [[geabhróg Chaispeach]] | Hydroprogne caspia | [[:commons:Category:Hydroprogne caspia|Hydroprogne caspia]] | 680 gram<br/>588 gram | 133.5 ceintiméadar | [[Íomhá:Hydroprogne caspia map.svg|center|128px]] | | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 254 | Q27215 | [[geabhróg dhubh]] | Chlidonias niger | [[:commons:Category:Chlidonias niger|Chlidonias niger]] | 11 gram<br/>60 gram | 0.539 méadar | [[Íomhá:Chlidonias niger map.svg|center|128px]] | | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 255 | Q18834 | [[geabhróg ghobdhubh]] | Gelochelidon nilotica | [[:commons:Category:Gelochelidon nilotica|Gelochelidon nilotica]] | | 94 ceintiméadar | [[Íomhá:Gelochelidon nilotica map.svg|center|128px]] | | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 256 | Q321293 | [[geabhróg rósach]] | Sterna dougallii | [[:commons:Category:Sterna dougallii|Sterna dougallii]] | | 76 ceintiméadar | [[Íomhá:Sterna dougallii map.svg|center|128px]] | | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 257 | Q27547 | [[geabhróg scothdhubh]] | Thalasseus sandvicensis | [[:commons:Category:Thalasseus sandvicensis|Thalasseus sandvicensis]] | | 1 méadar | [[Íomhá:ThalasseusSandvicensisIUCNver2018 2.png|center|128px]] | | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 258 | Q14683 | [[gealbhan binne]] | Passer domesticus | [[:commons:Category:Passer domesticus|Passer domesticus]] | | 239 millimetre | [[Íomhá:PasserDomesticusDistribution.png|center|128px]] | | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 259 | Q25968 | [[gealbhan crainn]] | Passer montanus | [[:commons:Category:Passer montanus|Passer montanus]] | | 21 ceintiméadar | [[Íomhá:Passermontanusmap.png|center|128px]] | | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 260 | Q736313 | [[Gealbhan petronia|gealbhan creige]] | Petronia petronia | [[:commons:Category:Petronia petronia|Petronia petronia]] | | | | 12 lá | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 261 | Q1318638 | [[Gealbhan ladharghearr|gealbhan mílítheach]] | Carpospiza brachydactyla | [[:commons:Category:Carpospiza brachydactyla|Carpospiza brachydactyla]] | | | | 13 lá | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 262 | Q422873 | [[gealbhan sionnaigh]] | Passerella iliaca | [[:commons:Category:Passerella iliaca|Passerella iliaca]] | | | [[Íomhá:Passerella iliaca map 2.svg|center|128px]] | | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 263 | Q499290 | [[Glasán gléigeal|gealbhan sneachta]] | Montifringilla nivalis | [[:commons:Category:Montifringilla nivalis|Montifringilla nivalis]] | | | [[Íomhá:MontifringillaNivalisIUCN2019-3.png|center|128px]] | 13 lá | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 264 | Q466200 | [[Gealbhan Easpáinneach|gealbhan Spáinneach]] | Passer hispaniolensis | [[:commons:Category:Passer hispaniolensis|Passer hispaniolensis]] | | | [[Íomhá:SpanishSparrowMap.svg|center|128px]] | 12 lá | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 265 | Q27220 | [[gealóg bhuachair]] | Emberiza calandra | [[:commons:Category:Emberiza calandra|Emberiza calandra]] | | 29 ceintiméadar | [[Íomhá:EmberizaCalandraIUCN2018 2.png|center|128px]] | 13 lá | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 266 | Q334183 | [[gealóg cheanndubh]] | Emberiza melanocephala | [[:commons:Category:Emberiza melanocephala|Emberiza melanocephala]] | 3.08 gram<br/>28 gram | | [[Íomhá:EmberizaMap.svg|center|128px]] | 13 lá | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 267 | Q842599 | [[Gealbhan ceoil|Gealóg cheoil]] | Melospiza melodia | [[:commons:Category:Melospiza melodia|Melospiza melodia]] | 24 gram | | [[Íomhá:Melospiza melodia map.svg|center|128px]] | | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 268 | Q206630 | [[gealóg gharraí]] | Emberiza hortulana | [[:commons:Category:Emberiza hortulana|Emberiza hortulana]] | 2.48 gram | 26 ceintiméadar | [[Íomhá:EmberizaHortulanaIUCN2019-3.png|center|128px]] | 11 lá | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 269 | Q26961 | [[gealóg ghiolcaí]] | Emberiza schoeniclus | [[:commons:Category:Emberiza schoeniclus|Emberiza schoeniclus]] | | 24 ceintiméadar | [[Íomhá:EmberizaSchoeniclusIUCN2019-3.png|center|128px]] | 13 lá | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 270 | Q837753 | [[Gealóg Chretzschmar|gealóg liathghorm]] | Emberiza caesia | [[:commons:Category:Emberiza caesia|Emberiza caesia]] | 2.31 gram | | [[Íomhá:Emberiza caesia 2.jpg|center|128px]] | 13 lá | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 271 | Q648313 | [[Gealóg Bhuchanan|gealóg liathmhuinceach]] | Emberiza buchanani | [[:commons:Category:Emberiza buchanani|Emberiza buchanani]] | | | | | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 272 | Q26416 | [[gealóg shneachta]] | Plectrophenax nivalis | [[:commons:Category:Plectrophenax nivalis|Plectrophenax nivalis]] | | 35 ceintiméadar | [[Íomhá:Plectrophenax nivalis map.svg|center|128px]] | | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 273 | Q28358 | [[Gearg choiteann|gearg]] | Coturnix coturnix | [[:commons:Category:Coturnix coturnix|Coturnix coturnix]] | 8.2 gram | 34 ceintiméadar | [[Íomhá:CoturnixCoturnixIUCNver2019-2.png|center|128px]] | 18 lá | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 274 | Q142651 | [[gearg bhabaight]] | Colinus virginianus | [[:commons:Category:Colinus virginianus|Colinus virginianus]] | 8.9 gram<br/>171 gram | 34.5 ceintiméadar | [[Íomhá:Colinus virginianus map.svg|center|128px]] | | ''[[:d:Q719675|speiceas beagnach faoi bhagairt]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 275 | Q852146 | [[gearg Himiléach]] | Ophrysia superciliosa | [[:commons:Category:Ophrysia superciliosa|Ophrysia superciliosa]] | | | [[Íomhá:Ophrysia map.png|center|128px]] | | ''[[:d:Q219127|i mbaol criticiúil]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 276 | Q716869 | [[gearg Sheapánach]] | Coturnix japonica | [[:commons:Category:Coturnix japonica|Coturnix japonica]] | 8 gram | | | | ''[[:d:Q719675|speiceas beagnach faoi bhagairt]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 277 | Q237670 | [[gearr Baillon]] | Zapornia pusilla | [[:commons:Category:Zapornia pusilla|Zapornia pusilla]] | 35 gram | | [[Íomhá:PorzanaPusillaIUCN2019 2.png|center|128px]] | 18 lá | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 278 | Q270680 | [[gearr beag]] | Zapornia parva | [[:commons:Category:Zapornia parva|Zapornia parva]] | 7.9 gram | 36.5 ceintiméadar | [[Íomhá:ZaporniaParvaIUCNver2019 2.png|center|128px]] | | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 279 | Q194024 | [[gearr breac]] | Porzana porzana | [[:commons:Category:Porzana porzana|Porzana porzana]] | 10.9 gram<br/>80 gram | 0.38 méadar | [[Íomhá:Porzana porzana distribution map.png|center|128px]] | 18 lá | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 280 | Q936740 | [[gearr sora]] | Porzana carolina | [[:commons:Category:Porzana carolina|Porzana carolina]] | 8.9 gram | 37.5 ceintiméadar | [[Íomhá:Porzana carolina map.svg|center|128px]] | | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 281 | Q110257516 | [[Gilphíb choiteann|Gilphíb]] | Curruca communis | [[:commons:Category:Curruca communis|Curruca communis]] | 1.78 gram<br/>14.5 gram | 20 ceintiméadar | [[Íomhá:SylviaCommunisIUCN2019-3.png|center|128px]] | 12 lá | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 282 | Q110257504 | [[Gilphíb bheag]] | Curruca curruca | [[:commons:Category:Curruca curruca|Curruca curruca]] | | 18 ceintiméadar | [[Íomhá:SylviaCurrucaIUCN.png|center|128px]] | 11 lá | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 283 | Q27075785 | [[glasán darach]] | Chloris chloris | [[:commons:Category:Chloris chloris|Chloris chloris]] | 2.17 gram | 0.25 méadar | [[Íomhá:Carduelis chloris distribution map.png|center|128px]] | 14 lá | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 284 | Q559977 | [[Glasán cródheargach|glasán deargeiteach]] | Rhodopechys sanguineus | [[:commons:Category:Rhodopechys sanguineus|Rhodopechys sanguineus]] | | | | 14 lá | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 285 | Q174088 | [[glasán gobmhór]] | Coccothraustes coccothraustes | [[:commons:Category:Coccothraustes coccothraustes|Coccothraustes coccothraustes]] | | 31 ceintiméadar | [[Íomhá:Rangemap-grosbec.png|center|128px]] | 12 lá | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 286 | Q921335 | [[glasán Mongólach]] | Bucanetes mongolicus | [[:commons:Category:Bucanetes mongolicus|Bucanetes mongolicus]] | | | [[Íomhá:Bucanetes mongolicus Distribution Map.png|center|128px]] | | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 287 | Q559883 | [[Glasán cogalach|glasán trumpa]] | Bucanetes githagineus | [[:commons:Category:Bucanetes githagineus|Bucanetes githagineus]] | | | [[Íomhá:Bucanetes githagineus map.png|center|128px]] | | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 288 | Q25984 | [[glasóg bhuí]] | Motacilla flava | [[:commons:Category:Motacilla flava|Motacilla flava]] | | 0.26 méadar | [[Íomhá:MotacillaFlavaIUCN.svg|center|128px]] | | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 289 | Q25399 | [[glasóg bhán]] | Motacilla alba | [[:commons:Category:Motacilla alba|Motacilla alba]] | | 0.26 méadar | [[Íomhá:Motacilla alba distribution.png|center|128px]] | | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 290 | Q206540 | [[glasóg chiotrónach]] | Motacilla citreola | [[:commons:Category:Motacilla citreola|Motacilla citreola]] | | | [[Íomhá:MotacillaCitreolaIUCNver2019 1.png|center|128px]] | | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 291 | Q201316 | [[glasóg liath]] | Motacilla cinerea | [[:commons:Category:Motacilla cinerea|Motacilla cinerea]] | 1.91 gram<br/>17.4 gram | 26 ceintiméadar | [[Íomhá:MotacillaCinereaDistributionMapIUCNv8 2.png|center|128px]] | 13 lá | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 292 | Q27075852 | [[gleoiseach]] | Linaria cannabina | [[:commons:Category:Linaria cannabina|Linaria cannabina]] | 1.66 gram<br/>19 gram | 0.24 méadar | [[Íomhá:LinariaCannabinaIUCN2019 2.png|center|128px]] | 13 lá | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 293 | Q582976 | [[Glaséan súildearg|Gleoiseach shúildearg]] | Vireo olivaceus | [[:commons:Category:Vireo olivaceus|Vireo olivaceus]] | | | [[Íomhá:Vireo olivaceus map 2.svg|center|128px]] | | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 294 | Q10965357 | [[gleoiseach sléibhe]] | Linaria flavirostris | [[:commons:Category:Linaria flavirostris|Linaria flavirostris]] | 1.37 gram | 23 ceintiméadar | [[Íomhá:LinariaFlavirostrisIUCNver2018 2.png|center|128px]] | 13 lá | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 295 | Q839834 | [[gobach mór broinnrósach]] | Pheucticus ludovicianus | [[:commons:Category:Pheucticus ludovicianus|Pheucticus ludovicianus]] | 44 gram | | [[Íomhá:Pheucticus ludovicianus map.svg|center|128px]] | | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 296 | Q788649 | [[gobadáinín Baird]] | Calidris bairdii | [[:commons:Category:Calidris bairdii|Calidris bairdii]] | 9.6 gram | 38 ceintiméadar | [[Íomhá:Calidris bairdii map.svg|center|128px]] | 21 lá | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 297 | Q27232 | [[gobadáinín beag]] | Calidris minuta | [[:commons:Category:Calidris minuta|Calidris minuta]] | 6.3 gram<br/>24 gram<br/>27.1 gram | 36 ceintiméadar | [[Íomhá:CalidrisMinutaIUCNver2019 2.png|center|128px]] | 22 lá | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 298 | Q913052 | [[gobadáinín bídeach]] | Calidris minutilla | [[:commons:Category:Calidris minutilla|Calidris minutilla]] | | | [[Íomhá:Calidris minutilla map.svg|center|128px]] | | ''[[:d:Q719675|speiceas beagnach faoi bhagairt]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 299 | Q62345 | [[gobadáinín crotaigh]] | Calidris ferruginea | [[:commons:Category:Calidris ferruginea|Calidris ferruginea]] | 12 gram | 44 ceintiméadar | [[Íomhá:Curlew sandpiper rangemap (cropped).svg|center|128px]] | 19 lá | ''[[:d:Q278113|leochaileach]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 300 | Q845969 | [[gobadáinín ladharfhada]] | Calidris subminuta | [[:commons:Category:Calidris subminuta|Calidris subminuta]] | 7.5 gram<br/>29 gram<br/>32 gram | 30.5 ceintiméadar | | | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 301 | Q18860 | [[gobadáinín píbrua]] | Calidris ruficollis | [[:commons:Category:Calidris ruficollis|Calidris ruficollis]] | 8.3 gram<br/>26 gram | 31 ceintiméadar | [[Íomhá:Red-necked Stint.jpg|center|128px]] | 21 lá | ''[[:d:Q719675|speiceas beagnach faoi bhagairt]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 302 | Q58921 | [[gobadáinín Temminck]] | Calidris temminckii | [[:commons:Category:Calidris temminckii|Calidris temminckii]] | 5.8 gram<br/>24.3 gram<br/>27.8 gram | 36 ceintiméadar | [[Íomhá:Calidris temminckii distribution map.png|center|128px]] | 21 lá | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 303 | Q18850 | [[Gobadán coiteann|gobadán]] | Actitis hypoleucos | [[:commons:Category:Actitis hypoleucos|Actitis hypoleucos]] | | 0.273 méadar | [[Íomhá:ActitisHypoleucosIUCNver2018 2.png|center|128px]] | | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 304 | Q599749 | [[gobadán bánphrompach]] | Calidris fuscicollis | [[:commons:Category:Calidris fuscicollis|Calidris fuscicollis]] | 10.8 gram<br/>39.7 gram<br/>45.8 gram | 37 ceintiméadar | [[Íomhá:Calidris fuscicollis map.svg|center|128px]] | | ''[[:d:Q278113|leochaileach]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 305 | Q18837 | [[gobadán coille]] | Tringa glareola | [[:commons:Category:Tringa glareola|Tringa glareola]] | 13.5 gram<br/>62 gram<br/>73 gram | 0.4 méadar | | 22 lá | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 306 | Q62359 | [[gobadán cosbhuí]] | Calidris maritima | [[:commons:Category:Calidris maritima|Calidris maritima]] | 67.6 gram<br/>76.3 gram | 44 ceintiméadar | [[Íomhá:Calidris maritima map2.png|center|128px]] | | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 307 | Q753760 | [[gobadán earr-rinneach]] | Calidris acuminata | [[:commons:Category:Calidris acuminata|Calidris acuminata]] | 13.7 gram<br/>70.3 gram<br/>63.5 gram | 39.5 ceintiméadar | [[Íomhá:Calidris acuminata map.svg|center|128px]] | | ''[[:d:Q278113|leochaileach]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 308 | Q28450 | [[gobadán glas]] | Tringa ochropus | [[:commons:Category:Tringa ochropus|Tringa ochropus]] | 15.5 gram<br/>75 gram<br/>85 gram | 59 ceintiméadar | [[Íomhá:TringaOchropusIUCNver2019-2.png|center|128px]] | 21 lá | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 309 | Q28114227 | [[Gobadán gobleathan]] | Calidris falcinellus | [[:commons:Category:Calidris falcinellus|Calidris falcinellus]] | 9.1 gram<br/>37 gram | 36.5 ceintiméadar | | | ''[[:d:Q278113|leochaileach]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 310 | Q839820 | [[gobadán scodalach]] | Calidris himantopus | [[:commons:Category:Calidris himantopus|Calidris himantopus]] | | 42.5 ceintiméadar | [[Íomhá:Calidris himantopus map.svg|center|128px]] | 20 lá | ''[[:d:Q719675|speiceas beagnach faoi bhagairt]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 311 | Q530194 | [[gobadán sléibhe]] | Bartramia longicauda | [[:commons:Category:Bartramia longicauda|Bartramia longicauda]] | | 66 ceintiméadar | [[Íomhá:Bartramia longicauda map.svg|center|128px]] | | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 312 | Q18856 | [[gobadán Terek]] | Xenus cinereus | [[:commons:Category:Xenus cinereus|Xenus cinereus]] | | 58 ceintiméadar | [[Íomhá:XenusCinereusIUCN.png|center|128px]] | 23 lá | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 313 | Q26578 | [[gormphíb]] | Luscinia svecica | [[:commons:Category:Luscinia svecica|Luscinia svecica]] | | 22 ceintiméadar | [[Íomhá:Luscinia svecica distribution.png|center|128px]] | | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 314 | Q191683 | [[grús coimir]] | Anthropoides virgo | [[:commons:Category:Grus virgo|Grus virgo]] | | 167.5 ceintiméadar | [[Íomhá:AnthropoidesVirgoIUCNver2019 1.png|center|128px]] | | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 315 | Q4764 | [[grús coiteann]] | Grus grus | [[:commons:Category:Grus grus|Grus grus]] | | 2.22 méadar | [[Íomhá:Verbreitungskarte des Kranichs.png|center|128px]] | 30 lá | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 316 | Q457477 | [[grús Meiriceánach]] | Grus americana | [[:commons:Category:Grus americana|Grus americana]] | 7.497 cileagram | 215 ceintiméadar | [[Íomhá:Grus americana map.svg|center|128px]] | | [[Speiceas i mbaol (Stádas AICD)|speiceas i mbaol]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 317 | Q21949185 | [[grús Sibéarach]] | Leucogeranus leucogeranus | [[:commons:Category:Grus leucogeranus|Grus leucogeranus]] | 197 gram | 235 ceintiméadar | [[Íomhá:SiberianCrane.svg|center|128px]] | 29 lá | ''[[:d:Q219127|i mbaol criticiúil]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 318 | Q27461 | [[guairdeall]] | Hydrobates pelagicus | [[:commons:Category:Hydrobates pelagicus|Hydrobates pelagicus]] | | 38 ceintiméadar | [[Íomhá:Hydrobatesmap2.png|center|128px]] | | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 319 | Q18841 | [[guilbneach earrdhubh]] | Limosa limosa | [[:commons:Category:Limosa limosa|Limosa limosa]] | 39 gram<br/>264 gram<br/>315 gram | 76 ceintiméadar | [[Íomhá:LimosalimosaWorldDistribution.jpg|center|128px]] | 23 lá | ''[[:d:Q719675|speiceas beagnach faoi bhagairt]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 320 | Q283458 | [[Cnota mór|guilbneach Hudsúnach]] | Limosa haemastica | [[:commons:Category:Limosa haemastica|Limosa haemastica]] | 37.5 gram<br/>222 gram<br/>289 gram | 73 ceintiméadar | [[Íomhá:Limosa haemastica map.svg|center|128px]] | 23 lá | ''[[:d:Q278113|leochaileach]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 321 | Q18864 | [[guilbneach stríocearrach]] | Limosa lapponica | [[:commons:Category:Limosa lapponica|Limosa lapponica]] | 313 gram<br/>354 gram | 0.73 méadar | [[Íomhá:Limosa-lapponica-distribution-map.jpg|center|128px]] | | ''[[:d:Q719675|speiceas beagnach faoi bhagairt]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 322 | Q371633 | [[guilbnín gobghearr]] | Limnodromus griseus | [[:commons:Category:Limnodromus griseus|Limnodromus griseus]] | 113 gram | 48 ceintiméadar | [[Íomhá:Limnodromus griseus map.svg|center|128px]] | | ''[[:d:Q278113|leochaileach]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 323 | Q83020448 | [[Seaga|Gulosus aristotelis]] | Gulosus aristotelis | [[:commons:Category:Gulosus aristotelis|Gulosus aristotelis]] | | | [[Íomhá:GulosusAristotelisIUCNver2018 2.png|center|128px]] | | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 324 | Q177856 | [[Bultúr gríofa|Gyps fulvus]] | Gyps fulvus | [[:commons:Category:Gyps fulvus|Gyps fulvus]] | 252 gram<br/>8.328 cileagram | 2.591 méadar | [[Íomhá:Gyps fulvus distribution map.png|center|128px]] | 54 lá | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 325 | Q212937 | [[gé alabhreac chosbhuí]] | Anseranas semipalmata | [[:commons:Category:Anseranas semipalmata|Anseranas semipalmata]] | 128 gram | 155 ceintiméadar<br/>145 ceintiméadar | | 28 lá | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 326 | Q187852 | [[gé bhroinnrua]] | Branta ruficollis | [[:commons:Category:Branta ruficollis|Branta ruficollis]] | 1.095 cileagram<br/>90 gram<br/>1.375 cileagram | | [[Íomhá:Branta ruficollis map.png|center|128px]] | | ''[[:d:Q278113|leochaileach]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 327 | Q172093 | [[gé bhánéadanach]] | Anser albifrons | [[:commons:Category:Anser albifrons|Anser albifrons]] | | 1.41 méadar | [[Íomhá:Anser albifrons map.png|center|128px]] | | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 328 | Q26733 | [[gé Cheanadach]] | Branta canadensis | [[:commons:Category:Branta canadensis|Branta canadensis]] | 3.814 cileagram<br/>3.314 cileagram<br/>5 cileagram | 1.69 méadar | [[Íomhá:Branta canadensis map.png|center|128px]] | | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 329 | Q26680 | [[gé ghiúrainn]] | Branta leucopsis | [[:commons:Category:Branta leucopsis|Branta leucopsis]] | 107 gram<br/>1.788 cileagram<br/>1.586 cileagram | 1.08 méadar | [[Íomhá:Branta leucopsis map.png|center|128px]] | | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 330 | Q25882 | [[gé ghlas]] | Anser anser | [[:commons:Category:Anser anser|Anser anser]] | 160 gram<br/>3.692 cileagram<br/>3.237 cileagram | 1.55 méadar | [[Íomhá:Anser anser distribution map.png|center|128px]] | | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 331 | Q244189 | [[Gé Hutchins|gé ghogallach]] | Branta hutchinsii | [[:commons:Category:Branta hutchinsii|Branta hutchinsii]] | | | [[Íomhá:Branta hutchinsii map.svg|center|128px]] | 26 lá | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 332 | Q658658 | [[gé ghormeiteach Aibisíneach]] | Cyanochen cyanoptera | [[:commons:Category:Cyanochen cyanoptera|Cyanochen cyanoptera]] | 52 gram<br/>2.18 cileagram | | | 32 lá | ''[[:d:Q719675|speiceas beagnach faoi bhagairt]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 333 | Q755653 | [[Gé impireach|gé impiriúil]] | Anser canagicus | [[:commons:Category:Anser canagicus|Anser canagicus]] | | 119 ceintiméadar | [[Íomhá:Anser canagicus map.svg|center|128px]] | | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 334 | Q766276 | [[gé luaithcheannach]] | Chloephaga poliocephala | [[:commons:Category:Chloephaga poliocephala|Chloephaga poliocephala]] | 89 gram<br/>2.233 cileagram | | [[Íomhá:Chloephaga poliocephala map.svg|center|128px]] | | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 335 | Q837402 | [[gé mhongach]] | Chenonetta jubata | [[:commons:Category:Chenonetta jubata|Chenonetta jubata]] | 54 gram<br/>807 gram | 79 ceintiméadar | [[Íomhá:Chenonetta jubata distribution map.png|center|128px]] | | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 336 | Q129036 | [[gé shléibhe]] | Chloephaga picta | [[:commons:Category:Chloephaga picta|Chloephaga picta]] | 73 gram<br/>3.17 cileagram<br/>2.69 cileagram | 1.29 méadar | [[Íomhá:Chloephaga picta map.svg|center|128px]] | 30 lá | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 337 | Q27074540 | [[gé shneachta]] | Anser caerulescens | [[:commons:Category:Anser caerulescens|Anser caerulescens]] | 127 gram<br/>2.63 cileagram | 148.5 ceintiméadar | [[Íomhá:Chen caerulescens map.svg|center|128px]] | | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 338 | Q247412 | [[gé sporeiteach]] | Plectropterus gambensis | [[:commons:Category:Plectropterus gambensis|Plectropterus gambensis]] | 5.4 cileagram<br/>4.375 cileagram<br/>140 gram | | [[Íomhá:PlectropterusGambensisIUCN2019 2.png|center|128px]] | 31 lá | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 339 | Q191125 | [[gé stríoc-cheannach]] | Anser indicus | [[:commons:Category:Anser indicus|Anser indicus]] | 141 gram<br/>2.505 cileagram<br/>2.23 cileagram | 150 ceintiméadar | | 28 lá | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 340 | Q257006 | [[gé Thasmánach]] | Cereopsis novaehollandiae | [[:commons:Category:Cereopsis novaehollandiae|Cereopsis novaehollandiae]] | 137 gram<br/>5.29 cileagram<br/>3.77 cileagram | | [[Íomhá:Cape barren Goose.png|center|128px]] | | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 341 | Q274179 | [[Gé Éigipteach]] | Alopochen aegyptiaca | [[:commons:Category:Alopochen aegyptiaca|Alopochen aegyptiaca]] | | 144 ceintiméadar | [[Íomhá:Alopochen aegyptiaca map.svg|center|128px]] | | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 342 | Q62168711 | [[Ceolaire casarnaí Pallas|Helopsaltes certhiola]] | Helopsaltes certhiola | [[:commons:Category:Helopsaltes certhiola|Helopsaltes certhiola]] | | | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 343 | Q25247 | [[húpú]] | Upupa epops | [[:commons:Category:Upupa epops|Upupa epops]] | | 44 ceintiméadar | [[Íomhá:Upupa distribution.png|center|128px]] | 15 lá | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 344 | Q17970 | [[iabairiú]] | Jabiru mycteria | [[:commons:Category:Jabiru mycteria|Jabiru mycteria]] | | 245 ceintiméadar | [[Íomhá:Jabiru mycteria map.svg|center|128px]] | | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 345 | Q232523 | [[Iolar breac beag|iolar beag breac]] | Clanga pomarina | [[:commons:Category:Clanga pomarina|Clanga pomarina]] | 88 gram<br/>1.258 cileagram<br/>1.693 cileagram | | [[Íomhá:ClangaPomarinaIUCNver2018 2.png|center|128px]] | 39 lá | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 346 | Q182971 | [[iolar crúbchlúmhach]] | Hieraaetus pennatus | [[:commons:Category:Hieraaetus pennatus|Hieraaetus pennatus]] | 62 gram<br/>709 gram<br/>975 gram | 1.11 méadar | [[Íomhá:Distribution of Booted Eagle (Hieraetus pennatus).png|center|128px]] | 38 lá | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 347 | Q41181 | [[iolar fíréan]] | Aquila chrysaetos | [[:commons:Category:Aquila chrysaetos|Aquila chrysaetos]] | 3.572 cileagram<br/>5.194 cileagram | 2.03 méadar | [[Íomhá:Cypron-Range Aquila chrysaetos.svg|center|128px]] | | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 348 | Q53745 | [[iolar hairpí]] | Harpia harpyja | [[:commons:Category:Harpia harpyja|Harpia harpyja]] | 4.4 cileagram<br/>7.5 cileagram | 188.5 ceintiméadar | [[Íomhá:Harpy Eagle Range.svg|center|128px]] | 56 lá | ''[[:d:Q278113|leochaileach]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 349 | Q168976 | [[iolar impiriúil]] | Aquila heliaca | [[:commons:Category:Aquila heliaca|Aquila heliaca]] | 2.585 cileagram<br/>3.845 cileagram<br/>132 gram | 197.5 ceintiméadar | [[Íomhá:Aquila heliaca area frei.jpg|center|128px]] | 44 lá | ''[[:d:Q278113|leochaileach]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 350 | Q170251 | [[Iolar nathartha gearrladhrach|iolar ladharghearr]] | Circaetus gallicus | [[:commons:Category:Circaetus gallicus|Circaetus gallicus]] | 136 gram | 177 ceintiméadar | [[Íomhá:Circaetus gallicus distribution map.png|center|128px]] | 46 lá | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 351 | Q127216 | [[iolar maol]] | Haliaeetus leucocephalus | [[:commons:Category:Haliaeetus leucocephalus|Haliaeetus leucocephalus]] | 117 gram<br/>4.13 cileagram<br/>5.35 cileagram | 2.3 méadar | [[Íomhá:Haliaeetus leucocephalus map.svg|center|128px]] | | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 352 | Q25438 | [[Iolar mara earrbhán|iolar mara]] | Haliaeetus albicilla | [[:commons:Category:Haliaeetus albicilla|Haliaeetus albicilla]] | 142 gram<br/>4.014 cileagram<br/>5.572 cileagram | 2.18 méadar | [[Íomhá:Haliaeetus albicilla distribution map.png|center|128px]] | | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 353 | Q179359 | [[iolar steipeach]] | Aquila nipalensis | [[:commons:Category:Aquila nipalensis|Aquila nipalensis]] | 117 gram<br/>2.459 cileagram<br/>2.987 cileagram | 2.03 méadar | [[Íomhá:Aquila nipalensis distribution map.png|center|128px]] | 45 lá | [[Speiceas i mbaol (Stádas AICD)|speiceas i mbaol]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 354 | Q888660 | [[Bonnán amhrasach|Ixobrychus dubius]] | Ixobrychus dubius | [[:commons:Category:Botaurus dubius|Botaurus dubius]] | | 45 ceintiméadar | | 18 lá | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 355 | Q888651 | [[Bonnán scartha|Ixobrychus involucris]] | Ixobrychus involucris | [[:commons:Category:Botaurus involucris|Botaurus involucris]] | 80 gram | | [[Íomhá:Ixobrychus involucris map.svg|center|128px]] | | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 356 | Q26444 | [[lacha bhadánach]] | Aythya fuligula | [[:commons:Category:Aythya fuligula|Aythya fuligula]] | 56 gram | 0.71 méadar | [[Íomhá:AythyaFuligulaIUCNver2018 2.png|center|128px]] | | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 357 | Q25495361 | [[lacha bháneiteach]] | Asarcornis scutulata | [[:commons:Category:Asarcornis scutulata|Asarcornis scutulata]] | 3.25 cileagram<br/>2.65 cileagram<br/>72.3 gram | | [[Íomhá:Cairina scutulata distribution map.png|center|128px]] | | ''[[:d:Q219127|i mbaol criticiúil]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 358 | Q597144 | [[lacha cheann-bhándearg]] | Rhodonessa caryophyllacea | [[:commons:Category:Rhodonessa caryophyllacea|Rhodonessa caryophyllacea]] | | | [[Íomhá:RhodonessaCaryophyllaceaMap.png|center|128px]] | | ''[[:d:Q219127|i mbaol criticiúil]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 359 | Q241399 | [[lacha cheannbhán]] | Oxyura leucocephala | [[:commons:Category:Oxyura leucocephala|Oxyura leucocephala]] | 96 gram<br/>737 gram<br/>593 gram | 66 ceintiméadar | [[Íomhá:OxyuraLeucocephala.png|center|128px]] | | [[Speiceas i mbaol (Stádas AICD)|speiceas i mbaol]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 360 | Q322159 | [[lacha choille]] | Aix sponsa | [[:commons:Category:Aix sponsa|Aix sponsa]] | | 71 ceintiméadar | [[Íomhá:Aix sponsa map.svg|center|128px]] | | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 361 | Q845292 | [[lacha chosrua]] | Anas rubripes | [[:commons:Category:Anas rubripes|Anas rubripes]] | 1.252 cileagram<br/>1.111 cileagram | 90.5 ceintiméadar | [[Íomhá:Anas rubripes map.svg|center|128px]] | | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 362 | Q426968 | [[lacha chuircíneach]] | Sarkidiornis melanotos | [[:commons:Category:Sarkidiornis melanotos|Sarkidiornis melanotos]] | 66 gram<br/>1.455 cileagram<br/>1.777 cileagram | | [[Íomhá:Sarkidiornis melanotos distribution.png|center|128px]] | 29 lá | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 363 | Q26597 | [[lacha earrfhada]] | Clangula hyemalis | [[:commons:Category:Clangula hyemalis|Clangula hyemalis]] | | 0.71 méadar | [[Íomhá:Clangula hyemalis map.svg|center|128px]] | | ''[[:d:Q278113|leochaileach]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 364 | Q654901 | [[lacha Fhilipíneach]] | Anas luzonica | [[:commons:Category:Anas luzonica|Anas luzonica]] | 906 gram<br/>779 gram | 84 ceintiméadar | | | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 365 | Q535206 | [[lacha ghob-bhuí]] | Anas undulata | [[:commons:Category:Anas undulata|Anas undulata]] | 55 gram | | | | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 366 | Q851349 | [[lacha ghobrósach]] | Netta peposaca | [[:commons:Category:Netta peposaca|Netta peposaca]] | 1.181 cileagram<br/>1.004 cileagram | | [[Íomhá:Netta peposaca map.svg|center|128px]] | 28 lá | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 367 | Q845624 | [[lacha Hartlaub]] | Pteronetta hartlaubii | [[:commons:Category:Pteronetta hartlaubii|Pteronetta hartlaubii]] | 40 gram<br/>1.035 cileagram<br/>790 gram | | | 31 lá | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 368 | Q26635 | [[lacha iascán]] | Aythya marila | [[:commons:Category:Aythya marila|Aythya marila]] | | 0.82 méadar | [[Íomhá:AythyaMarilaIUCN2019 2.png|center|128px]] | | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 369 | Q917490 | [[lacha Meller]] | Anas melleri | [[:commons:Category:Anas melleri|Anas melleri]] | 45 gram | | | | [[Speiceas i mbaol (Stádas AICD)|speiceas i mbaol]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 370 | Q200339 | [[lacha mhandrach]] | Aix galericulata | [[:commons:Category:Aix galericulata|Aix galericulata]] | 41 gram | 71 ceintiméadar | [[Íomhá:Aix galericulata dis.PNG|center|128px]] | | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 371 | Q191723 | [[lacha mheirgeach]] | Aythya nyroca | [[:commons:Category:Aythya nyroca|Aythya nyroca]] | 43 gram<br/>583 gram<br/>520 gram | 65 ceintiméadar | [[Íomhá:AythyaNyrocaIUCNver2019 1.png|center|128px]] | | ''[[:d:Q719675|speiceas beagnach faoi bhagairt]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 372 | Q601055 | [[lacha mhuinceach]] | Aythya collaris | [[:commons:Category:Aythya collaris|Aythya collaris]] | 744 gram<br/>671 gram | 68 ceintiméadar | [[Íomhá:Aythya collaris range map.png|center|128px]] | | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 373 | Q647461 | [[lacha rua]] | Oxyura jamaicensis | [[:commons:Category:Oxyura jamaicensis|Oxyura jamaicensis]] | 590 gram<br/>499 gram | 57.5 ceintiméadar | [[Íomhá:Oxyura jamaicensis distribution.svg|center|128px]] | | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 374 | Q28106837 | [[Rualacha|Lacha rua]] | Mareca penelope | [[:commons:Category:Mareca penelope|Mareca penelope]] | | | [[Íomhá:Mareca penelope map.svg|center|128px]] | | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 375 | Q839542 | [[lacha spotghobach]] | Anas poecilorhyncha | [[:commons:Category:Anas poecilorhyncha|Anas poecilorhyncha]] | 57 gram<br/>1.365 cileagram<br/>1.025 cileagram | 0.689 méadar | [[Íomhá:Anas poecilorhyncha map.svg|center|128px]] | 26 lá | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 376 | Q570379 | [[ladhrán buí]] | Tringa melanoleuca | [[:commons:Category:Tringa melanoleuca|Tringa melanoleuca]] | 27.9 gram<br/>170 gram | 72 ceintiméadar | | | ''[[:d:Q719675|speiceas beagnach faoi bhagairt]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 377 | Q18840 | [[laidhrín glas]] | Tringa nebularia | [[:commons:Category:Tringa nebularia|Tringa nebularia]] | 30.5 gram<br/>173 gram | 0.61 méadar | [[Íomhá:TringaNebulariaIUCNver2018 2.png|center|128px]] | 26 lá | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 378 | Q25418 | [[lasair choille]] | Carduelis carduelis | [[:commons:Category:Carduelis carduelis|Carduelis carduelis]] | 1.53 gram | 0.24 méadar | [[Íomhá:Carduelis carduelis map.png|center|128px]] | 14 lá | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 379 | Q27471 | [[Lasairchíor choiteann|lasairchíor]] | Regulus ignicapilla | [[:commons:Category:Regulus ignicapilla|Regulus ignicapilla]] | | 14 ceintiméadar | [[Íomhá:Regulus ignicapilla -approx range map.png|center|128px]] | 16 lá | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 380 | Q179863 | [[Lasairéan mór|lasairéan]] | Phoenicopterus roseus | [[:commons:Category:Phoenicopterus roseus|Phoenicopterus roseus]] | | 163.5 ceintiméadar | | | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 381 | Q644012 | [[Leptoptilos dubius]] | Leptoptilos dubius | [[:commons:Category:Leptoptilos dubius|Leptoptilos dubius]] | | | [[Íomhá:LeptoptilosDubiusMap.svg|center|128px]] | | ''[[:d:Q719675|speiceas beagnach faoi bhagairt]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 382 | Q155878 | [[liathchearc]] | Lyrurus tetrix | [[:commons:Category:Lyrurus tetrix|Lyrurus tetrix]] | 1.175 cileagram<br/>925 gram<br/>35.5 gram | 72 ceintiméadar | [[Íomhá:Lyrurus tetrix distribution.png|center|128px]] | 26 lá | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 383 | Q845408 | [[Cearc fhraoigh Chugasaigh|liathchearc cugasach]] | Lyrurus mlokosiewiczi | [[:commons:Category:Lyrurus mlokosiewiczi|Lyrurus mlokosiewiczi]] | 32.5 gram<br/>865 gram<br/>766 gram | | | 22 lá | ''[[:d:Q719675|speiceas beagnach faoi bhagairt]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 384 | Q178942 | [[liatráisc]] | Turdus viscivorus | [[:commons:Category:Turdus viscivorus|Turdus viscivorus]] | | 0.44 méadar | [[Íomhá:Turdusviscivorusmap2.png|center|128px]] | 15 lá | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 385 | Q26641 | [[lon creige]] | Turdus torquatus | [[:commons:Category:Turdus torquatus|Turdus torquatus]] | 7.4 gram | 40 ceintiméadar | [[Íomhá:Turdus torquatus distribution map.png|center|128px]] | 13 lá | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 386 | Q58958 | [[luathrán]] | Calidris alba | [[:commons:Category:Calidris alba|Calidris alba]] | | 35 ceintiméadar | [[Íomhá:Calidris alba map.svg|center|128px]] | | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 387 | Q184432 | [[lóma Artach]] | Gavia arctica | [[:commons:Category:Gavia arctica|Gavia arctica]] | | 1.2 méadar | [[Íomhá:Gavia arctica distribution map.png|center|128px]] | | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 388 | Q558990 | [[Lóma an Aigéin Chiúin|lóma ciúinmuirí]] | Gavia pacifica | [[:commons:Category:Gavia pacifica|Gavia pacifica]] | 95 gram<br/>2.349 cileagram<br/>2.115 cileagram | | [[Íomhá:Gavia pacifica map.svg|center|128px]] | 29 lá | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 389 | Q26691 | [[lóma rua]] | Gavia stellata | [[:commons:Category:Gavia stellata|Gavia stellata]] | 1.729 cileagram<br/>1.477 cileagram | 1.04 méadar | [[Íomhá:Gavia stellata map.png|center|128px]] | | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 390 | Q673417 | [[Malacocincla perspicillata]] | Malacocincla perspicillata | [[:commons:Category:Malacocincla perspicillata|Malacocincla perspicillata]] | | | | | ''[[:d:Q719675|speiceas beagnach faoi bhagairt]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 391 | Q25348 | [[mallard]] | Anas platyrhynchos | [[:commons:Category:Anas platyrhynchos|Anas platyrhynchos]] | | 0.88 méadar | [[Íomhá:AnasPlatyrhynchosIUCN2019 2.png|center|128px]] | | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 392 | Q28106966 | [[Gadual|Mareca strepera]] | Mareca strepera | [[:commons:Category:Mareca strepera|Mareca strepera]] | | | [[Íomhá:Mareca strepera map.svg|center|128px]] | | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 393 | Q273067 | [[Meantán crochta|meantán crochadánach]] | Remiz pendulinus | [[:commons:Category:Remiz pendulinus|Remiz pendulinus]] | 0.95 gram | | [[Íomhá:Remiz pendulinus distribution map.png|center|128px]] | 13 lá | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 394 | Q192817 | [[meantán croiméalach]] | Panurus biarmicus | [[:commons:Category:Panurus biarmicus|Panurus biarmicus]] | 1.88 gram<br/>15.3 gram | 17 ceintiméadar | [[Íomhá:PanurusBiarmicusIUCN2019-3.png|center|128px]] | 12 lá | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 395 | Q207831 | [[meantán cuircíneach]] | Lophophanes cristatus | [[:commons:Category:Lophophanes cristatus|Lophophanes cristatus]] | 1.31 gram | 100000 millimetre | [[Íomhá:Lophophanes cristatus distribution map.png|center|128px]] | 14 lá | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 396 | Q574281 | [[Meantán gruama|meantán duairc]] | Poecile lugubris | [[:commons:Category:Poecile lugubris|Poecile lugubris]] | 1.68 gram<br/>16.8 gram | | [[Íomhá:Parus lugubris. Distribution map.png|center|128px]] | 13 lá | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 397 | Q191096 | [[meantán dubh]] | Periparus ater | [[:commons:Category:Periparus ater|Periparus ater]] | 1.04 gram | 0.18 méadar | [[Íomhá:PeriparusAterIUCN2018 2.png|center|128px]] | 15 lá | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 398 | Q170831 | [[meantán earrfhada]] | Aegithalos caudatus | [[:commons:Category:Aegithalos caudatus|Aegithalos caudatus]] | | 18 ceintiméadar | [[Íomhá:Schwanzmeise (Aegithalos caudatus) distribution map.png|center|128px]] | | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 399 | Q25404 | [[meantán gorm]] | Cyanistes caeruleus | [[:commons:Category:Cyanistes caeruleus|Cyanistes caeruleus]] | 1.14 gram<br/>11.8 gram | 18 ceintiméadar | [[Íomhá:Cyanistes caeruleus only.png|center|128px]] | 14 lá | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 400 | Q4967039 | [[Meantán Hyrcaniach|meantán Iaránach]] | Poecile hyrcanus | [[:commons:Category:Poecile hyrcanus|Poecile hyrcanus]] | | | | | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 401 | Q207838 | [[meantán lathaí]] | Poecile palustris | [[:commons:Category:Poecile palustris|Poecile palustris]] | 1.24 gram<br/>11.9 gram | 19 ceintiméadar | [[Íomhá:Poecile palustris distribution map.png|center|128px]] | 15 lá | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 402 | Q215211 | [[meantán léana]] | Poecile montanus | [[:commons:Category:Poecile montanus|Poecile montanus]] | | 19 ceintiméadar | [[Íomhá:Poecile montanus distribution map.png|center|128px]] | 14 lá | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 403 | Q25485 | [[meantán mór]] | Parus major | [[:commons:Category:Parus major|Parus major]] | 1.68 gram<br/>18.5 gram | 0.23 méadar | [[Íomhá:Parus major distribution map.png|center|128px]] | 13 lá | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 404 | Q571268 | [[Stercorarius maccormicki|meirleach Antartach]] | Stercorarius maccormicki | [[:commons:Category:Stercorarius maccormicki|Stercorarius maccormicki]] | 89.4 gram<br/>1.277 cileagram<br/>1.421 cileagram | 135 ceintiméadar | [[Íomhá:Stercorarius maccormicki map.svg|center|128px]] | 29 lá | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 405 | Q203053 | [[meirleach Artach]] | Stercorarius parasiticus | [[:commons:Category:Stercorarius parasiticus|Stercorarius parasiticus]] | | 1.06 méadar | [[Íomhá:Stercorarius parasiticus map.svg|center|128px]] | | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 406 | Q207760 | [[meirleach mór]] | Stercorarius skua | [[:commons:Category:Stercorarius skua|Stercorarius skua]] | 111.7 gram<br/>1.735 cileagram<br/>1.935 cileagram | 136 ceintiméadar | [[Íomhá:Stercorarius skua map.svg|center|128px]] | 29 lá | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 407 | Q212767 | [[meirleach pomairíneach]] | Stercorarius pomarinus | [[:commons:Category:Stercorarius pomarinus|Stercorarius pomarinus]] | 66 gram<br/>648 gram<br/>740 gram | 1.18 méadar | [[Íomhá:Stercorarius pomarinus area.PNG|center|128px]] | 26 lá | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 408 | Q131918 | [[meirliún]] | Falco columbarius | [[:commons:Category:Falco columbarius|Falco columbarius]] | 162 gram<br/>212 gram | 60 ceintiméadar | [[Íomhá:Falco columbarius distribution map.png|center|128px]] | | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 409 | Q184518 | [[mionchnagaire breac]] | Dryobates minor | [[:commons:Category:Dryobates minor|Dryobates minor]] | | 26 ceintiméadar | [[Íomhá:Dendrocopos minor distr.png|center|128px]] | | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 410 | Q27075424 | [[Mionfhuiseog ladharghearr]] | Alaudala rufescens | [[:commons:Category:Alaudala rufescens|Alaudala rufescens]] | | | | 13 lá | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 411 | Q386949 | [[mionghé Afracach]] | Nettapus auritus | [[:commons:Category:Nettapus auritus|Nettapus auritus]] | 23 gram | | | 24 lá | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 412 | Q191628 | [[mionghé bhánéadanach]] | Anser erythropus | [[:commons:Category:Anser erythropus|Anser erythropus]] | 100 gram<br/>1.797 cileagram | 125 ceintiméadar | [[Íomhá:AnserErythropusIUCNver2018 2.png|center|128px]] | 26 lá | ''[[:d:Q278113|leochaileach]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 413 | Q833243 | [[mionlacha iascán]] | Aythya affinis | [[:commons:Category:Aythya affinis|Aythya affinis]] | 825 gram<br/>748 gram | 72.5 ceintiméadar | [[Íomhá:Aythya affinis map.svg|center|128px]] | | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 414 | Q210954 | [[Steilléadar|Mionlacha lochlannach]] | Polysticta stelleri | [[:commons:Category:Polysticta stelleri|Polysticta stelleri]] | 58 gram<br/>807 gram | | [[Íomhá:Polysticta stelleri map.svg|center|128px]] | | ''[[:d:Q278113|leochaileach]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 415 | Q28000 | [[mionladhrán buí]] | Tringa flavipes | [[:commons:Category:Tringa flavipes|Tringa flavipes]] | 17.4 gram<br/>81 gram | 61.5 ceintiméadar | [[Íomhá:Tringa flavipes map.svg|center|128px]] | | ''[[:d:Q278113|leochaileach]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 416 | Q229408 | [[mionphocaire gaoithe]] | Falco naumanni | [[:commons:Category:Falco naumanni|Falco naumanni]] | 16 gram<br/>148 gram<br/>170 gram | 0.65 méadar | [[Íomhá:Burning Ship 20210818.png|center|128px]] | 27 lá | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 417 | Q239393 | [[mionscréachán liath]] | Lanius minor | [[:commons:Category:Lanius minor|Lanius minor]] | 4.3 gram<br/>46 gram | | [[Íomhá:Lanius minor distr.png|center|128px]] | 15 lá | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 418 | Q191155 | [[mionulchabhán Eoráiseach]] | Glaucidium passerinum | [[:commons:Category:Glaucidium passerinum|Glaucidium passerinum]] | 8.3 gram<br/>58 gram<br/>73 gram | 35 ceintiméadar | [[Íomhá:Verbreitung Glaucidium passerinum Kopie.png|center|128px]] | | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 419 | Q742818 | [[monál Himiléach]] | Lophophorus impejanus | [[:commons:Category:Lophophorus impejanus|Lophophorus impejanus]] | | | [[Íomhá:Lophophorus impejanus range map.png|center|128px]] | | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 420 | Q242851 | [[musclacha]] | Cairina moschata | [[:commons:Category:Cairina moschata|Cairina moschata]] | 74 gram<br/>3 cileagram<br/>1.25 cileagram | | [[Íomhá:Cairina moschata map.svg|center|128px]] | | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 421 | Q116667 | [[Míona coiteann|míona]] | Acridotheres tristis | [[:commons:Category:Acridotheres tristis|Acridotheres tristis]] | 7.1 gram | 0.378 méadar | [[Íomhá:Common Mynah distribution map.png|center|128px]] | 15 lá | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 422 | Q180835 | [[mórcheolaire giolcaí]] | Acrocephalus arundinaceus | [[:commons:Category:Acrocephalus arundinaceus|Acrocephalus arundinaceus]] | 3.15 gram | | [[Íomhá:AcrocephalusArundinaceusIUCN2019 1.png|center|128px]] | | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 423 | Q26209 | [[mórchnagaire breac]] | Dendrocopos major | [[:commons:Category:Dendrocopos major|Dendrocopos major]] | 5.7 gram<br/>89 gram | 36 ceintiméadar | [[Íomhá:Dendrocopos major distribution map.png|center|128px]] | 15 lá | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 424 | Q333796 | [[Éigrit mhór ghorm|Mórchorr ghorm]] | Ardea herodias | [[:commons:Category:Ardea herodias|Ardea herodias]] | 2.48 cileagram<br/>2.11 cileagram | 183 ceintiméadar | [[Íomhá:Great Blue Heron-rangemap.gif|center|128px]] | 27 lá | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 425 | Q665363 | [[mórchuach bhreac]] | Clamator glandarius | [[:commons:Category:Clamator glandarius|Clamator glandarius]] | 9.85 gram<br/>169 gram<br/>138 gram | | [[Íomhá:ClamatorGlandariusIUCNver2018 2.png|center|128px]] | | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 426 | Q476356 | [[Sléibhín Pallas|mórfhaoileán ceanndubh]] | Ichthyaetus ichthyaetus | [[:commons:Category:Ichthyaetus ichthyaetus|Ichthyaetus ichthyaetus]] | 112 gram<br/>1.599 cileagram<br/>1.189 cileagram | 161 ceintiméadar | [[Íomhá:LarusIchthyaetusIUCN.svg|center|128px]] | 25 lá | |- | style='text-align:right'| 427 | Q184508 | [[mórscréachán liath]] | Lanius excubitor | [[:commons:Category:Lanius excubitor|Lanius excubitor]] | 63.4 gram | 32 ceintiméadar | [[Íomhá:Lanius excubitor distr3.png|center|128px]] | 16 lá | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 428 | Q81515 | [[mórulchabhán cluasach]] | Bubo virginianus | [[:commons:Category:Bubo virginianus|Bubo virginianus]] | | 1.34 méadar | [[Íomhá:Bubo virginianus dis.png|center|128px]] | | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 429 | Q25692 | [[naoscach]] | Gallinago gallinago | [[:commons:Category:Gallinago gallinago|Gallinago gallinago]] | 111 gram<br/>128 gram | 0.52 méadar | [[Íomhá:GallinagoGallinagoIUCNver2019-2.png|center|128px]] | | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 430 | Q26711 | [[naoscach bhídeach]] | Lymnocryptes minimus | [[:commons:Category:Lymnocryptes minimus|Lymnocryptes minimus]] | 53.7 gram<br/>46.7 gram | 40 ceintiméadar | [[Íomhá:LymnocryptesMinimusIUCN2019-2.png|center|128px]] | 20 lá | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 431 | Q687695 | [[néné]] | Branta sandvicensis | [[:commons:Category:Branta sandvicensis|Branta sandvicensis]] | | | | | ''[[:d:Q719675|speiceas beagnach faoi bhagairt]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 432 | Q1193048 | [[Gearg choille scornáin|Odontophorus strophium]] | Odontophorus strophium | [[:commons:Category:Odontophorus strophium|Odontophorus strophium]] | | | [[Íomhá:Odontophorus strophium map.svg|center|128px]] | | ''[[:d:Q278113|leochaileach]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 433 | Q188660 | [[Opisthocomus hoazin]] | Opisthocomus hoazin | [[:commons:Category:Opisthocomus hoazin|Opisthocomus hoazin]] | | | [[Íomhá:Hoatzin (Opisthocomus hoazin) world.png|center|128px]] | 31 lá | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 434 | Q279939 | [[Oxyura maccoa]] | Oxyura maccoa | [[:commons:Category:Oxyura maccoa|Oxyura maccoa]] | 96 gram<br/>820 gram<br/>554 gram | | [[Íomhá:Oxyura maccoa distribution.svg|center|128px]] | 26 lá | [[Speiceas i mbaol (Stádas AICD)|speiceas i mbaol]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 435 | Q27075910 | [[parúl tuaisceartach]] | Setophaga americana | [[:commons:Category:Setophaga americana|Setophaga americana]] | 1.26 gram | | [[Íomhá:Parula americana map.svg|center|128px]] | | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 436 | Q26106 | [[Patraisc choiteann|patraisc]] | Perdix perdix | [[:commons:Category:Perdix perdix|Perdix perdix]] | | 46 ceintiméadar | [[Íomhá:Verbreitungskarte Rebhuhn.jpg|center|128px]] | | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 437 | Q733777 | [[patraisc bhroinnliath]] | Arborophila orientalis | [[:commons:Category:Arborophila orientalis|Arborophila orientalis]] | | | | | ''[[:d:Q278113|leochaileach]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 438 | Q754863 | [[patraisc chosdearg]] | Alectoris rufa | [[:commons:Category:Alectoris rufa|Alectoris rufa]] | 20.1 gram | 48 ceintiméadar | [[Íomhá:AlectorisChristensen.svg|center|128px]] | | ''[[:d:Q719675|speiceas beagnach faoi bhagairt]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 439 | Q194043 | [[patraisc thiucair]] | Alectoris chukar | [[:commons:Category:Alectoris chukar|Alectoris chukar]] | 650 gram<br/>565 gram<br/>22.5 gram | 51 ceintiméadar | [[Íomhá:AlectorisChristensen.svg|center|128px]] | | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 440 | Q168748 | [[Peannaire (éan)|peannaire]] | Sagittarius serpentarius | [[:commons:Category:Sagittarius serpentarius|Sagittarius serpentarius]] | 130 gram<br/>4.052 cileagram | 203 ceintiméadar | [[Íomhá:Sekretär Verbreitungsgebiet.png|center|128px]] | 44 lá | [[Speiceas i mbaol (Stádas AICD)|speiceas i mbaol]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 441 | Q208060 | [[pearaicít rósbhráisléadach]] | Psittacula krameri | [[:commons:Category:Psittacula krameri|Psittacula krameri]] | | 45 ceintiméadar | [[Íomhá:Rose ringed parakeet range.PNG|center|128px]] | 23 lá | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 442 | Q220328 | [[pearóid liath Afracach]] | Psittacus erithacus | [[:commons:Category:Psittacus erithacus|Psittacus erithacus]] | 18.7 gram | | [[Íomhá:Psittacus erithacus range.png|center|128px]] | | [[Speiceas i mbaol (Stádas AICD)|speiceas i mbaol]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 443 | Q199427 | [[peileacán bán]] | Pelecanus onocrotalus | [[:commons:Category:Pelecanus onocrotalus|Pelecanus onocrotalus]] | 180 gram<br/>11.45 cileagram<br/>7.59 cileagram | 2.91 méadar | [[Íomhá:PelecanusOnocrotalusIUCNver2018 2.png|center|128px]] | | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 444 | Q184751 | [[peileacán Dalmátach]] | Pelecanus crispus | [[:commons:Category:Pelecanus crispus|Pelecanus crispus]] | | 320 ceintiméadar | [[Íomhá:PelecanusCrispusIUCNver2018 2.png|center|128px]] | 32 lá | ''[[:d:Q719675|speiceas beagnach faoi bhagairt]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 445 | Q385891 | [[piasún cír]] | Catreus wallichii | [[:commons:Category:Catreus wallichii|Catreus wallichii]] | 1.525 cileagram<br/>1.13 cileagram | | | | ''[[:d:Q278113|leochaileach]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 446 | Q25307 | [[Snag breac|Pica pica]] | Pica pica | [[:commons:Category:Pica pica|Pica pica]] | 9.9 gram<br/>221 gram<br/>191 gram | 56 ceintiméadar | [[Íomhá:Pica pica map.png|center|128px]] | | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 447 | Q25392 | [[pilibín]] | Vanellus vanellus | [[:commons:Category:Vanellus vanellus|Vanellus vanellus]] | 25.5 gram | 0.75 méadar<br/>69.5 ceintiméadar | [[Íomhá:VanellusVanellusIUCN.png|center|128px]] | | ''[[:d:Q719675|speiceas beagnach faoi bhagairt]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 448 | Q279307 | [[pilibín ealtúil]] | Vanellus gregarius | [[:commons:Category:Vanellus gregarius|Vanellus gregarius]] | 26.5 gram<br/>252 gram<br/>200 gram | 70 ceintiméadar | [[Íomhá:VanellusGregariusIUCN.png|center|128px]] | 28 lá | ''[[:d:Q219127|i mbaol criticiúil]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 449 | Q161829 | [[piongain impireach]] | Aptenodytes forsteri | [[:commons:Category:Aptenodytes forsteri|Aptenodytes forsteri]] | 425 gram | | [[Íomhá:Manchot empereur carte reparition.png|center|128px]] | | ''[[:d:Q719675|speiceas beagnach faoi bhagairt]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 450 | Q494544 | [[Corr bheag|Platalea minor]] | Platalea minor | [[:commons:Category:Platalea minor|Platalea minor]] | | 110 ceintiméadar | | | ''[[:d:Q278113|leochaileach]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 451 | Q26490 | [[Pocaire gaoithe coiteann|pocaire gaoithe]] | Falco tinnunculus | [[:commons:Category:Falco tinnunculus|Falco tinnunculus]] | 201 gram | 0.73 méadar | [[Íomhá:FalcoTinnunculusIUCNver2019-2.png|center|128px]] | 28 lá | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 452 | Q187902 | [[Cearcóg chorcra|Porphyrio porphyrio]] | Porphyrio porphyrio | [[:commons:Category:Porphyrio porphyrio|Porphyrio porphyrio]] | | | | 25 lá | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 453 | Q25700 | [[praslacha]] | Anas crecca | [[:commons:Category:Anas crecca|Anas crecca]] | | 0.59 méadar | [[Íomhá:Anas crecca distribution map.png|center|128px]] | | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 454 | Q331447 | [[praslacha mharmarach]] | Marmaronetta angustirostris | [[:commons:Category:Marmaronetta angustirostris|Marmaronetta angustirostris]] | 562 gram<br/>492 gram | 65 ceintiméadar | | 26 lá | ''[[:d:Q719675|speiceas beagnach faoi bhagairt]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 455 | Q695729 | [[pratancól dubheiteach]] | Glareola nordmanni | [[:commons:Category:Glareola nordmanni|Glareola nordmanni]] | 11 gram<br/>97 gram | 64 ceintiméadar | | | ''[[:d:Q719675|speiceas beagnach faoi bhagairt]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 456 | Q330310 | [[pratancól muinceach]] | Glareola pratincola | [[:commons:Category:Glareola pratincola|Glareola pratincola]] | 10.1 gram<br/>77 gram | 65 ceintiméadar | [[Íomhá:GlareolaPratincolaIUCNver2018 2.png|center|128px]] | 18 lá | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 457 | Q1262047 | [[Seabhac droimliath|Pseudastur occidentalis]] | Pseudastur occidentalis | [[:commons:Category:Pseudastur occidentalis|Pseudastur occidentalis]] | | | [[Íomhá:Pseudastur occidentalis map.svg|center|128px]] | | ''[[:d:Q278113|leochaileach]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 458 | Q643836 | [[Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax]] | Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax | [[:commons:Category:Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax|Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax]] | 312 gram<br/>263 gram | 82 ceintiméadar | [[Íomhá:Chough range map.png|center|128px]] | 17 lá | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 459 | Q244350 | [[póiseard cíordhearg]] | Netta rufina | [[:commons:Category:Netta rufina|Netta rufina]] | 56 gram<br/>1.115 cileagram | 87 ceintiméadar | [[Íomhá:NettaRufinaIUCNverz2018 2.png|center|128px]] | 27 lá | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 460 | Q642685 | [[riabhóg chladaigh]] | Anthus petrosus | [[:commons:Category:Anthus petrosus|Anthus petrosus]] | | 25 ceintiméadar | [[Íomhá:Anthus petrosus map.png|center|128px]] | | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 461 | Q143313 | [[riabhóg choille]] | Anthus trivialis | [[:commons:Category:Anthus trivialis|Anthus trivialis]] | 22 gram<br/>25 gram | 0.27 méadar | [[Íomhá:Anthus trivialis distr.png|center|128px]] | 13 lá | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 462 | Q27226 | [[riabhóg dhonn]] | Anthus campestris | [[:commons:Category:Anthus campestris|Anthus campestris]] | 2.73 gram<br/>22 gram | | [[Íomhá:AnthusCampestrisIUCNver2019 1.png|center|128px]] | 12 lá | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 463 | Q26956 | [[riabhóg mhóna]] | Anthus pratensis | [[:commons:Category:Anthus pratensis|Anthus pratensis]] | 2.06 gram | 0.26 méadar | [[Íomhá:AnthusPratensisIUCNver2019 1.png|center|128px]] | | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 464 | Q241347 | [[riabhóg phíbrua]] | Anthus cervinus | [[:commons:Category:Anthus cervinus|Anthus cervinus]] | 2.01 gram | | [[Íomhá:AnthusCervinusIUCN.svg|center|128px]] | | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 465 | Q208707 | [[riabhóg uisce]] | Anthus spinoletta | [[:commons:Category:Anthus spinoletta|Anthus spinoletta]] | 2.73 gram | 26 ceintiméadar | [[Íomhá:Anthus spinoletta mapcomm.png|center|128px]] | | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 466 | Q179367 | [[rollóir Eorpach]] | Coracias garrulus | [[:commons:Category:Coracias garrulus|Coracias garrulus]] | | | [[Íomhá:Coracias garrulus distr.png|center|128px]] | 18 lá | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 467 | Q927358 | [[rowi]] | Apteryx rowi | [[:commons:Category:Apteryx rowi|Apteryx rowi]] | | | [[Íomhá:Apteryx rowi distribution.png|center|128px]] | | ''[[:d:Q278113|leochaileach]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 468 | Q28122714 | [[rufachán]] | Calidris pugnax | [[:commons:Category:Calidris pugnax|Calidris pugnax]] | 21 gram<br/>170 gram<br/>102 gram | | [[Íomhá:Philomachuspugnaxmap.png|center|128px]] | 21 lá | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 469 | Q185099 | [[rálóg uisce]] | Rallus aquaticus | [[:commons:Category:Rallus aquaticus|Rallus aquaticus]] | 125 gram<br/>98 gram | 42 ceintiméadar | [[Íomhá:Rallus aquaticus distribution.png|center|128px]] | 20 lá | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 470 | Q25383 | [[rí rua]] | Fringilla coelebs | [[:commons:Category:Fringilla coelebs|Fringilla coelebs]] | 2.16 gram<br/>22 gram | 0.26 méadar | [[Íomhá:Rangemap-pinson.PNG|center|128px]] | 12 lá | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 471 | Q182209 | [[rí-phiongain]] | Aptenodytes patagonicus | [[:commons:Category:Aptenodytes patagonicus|Aptenodytes patagonicus]] | 306 gram<br/>12.8 cileagram<br/>11.5 cileagram | | [[Íomhá:Manchot royal carte reparition.png|center|128px]] | | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 472 | Q130933 | [[Rí-ulchabhán Eoráiseach|rí-ulchabhán]] | Bubo bubo | [[:commons:Category:Bubo bubo|Bubo bubo]] | 80 gram<br/>2.38 cileagram<br/>2.992 cileagram | 174 ceintiméadar | [[Íomhá:Bubo bubo distribution map.png|center|128px]] | | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 473 | Q1273551 | [[rí-ulchabhán beag]] | Otus gurneyi | [[:commons:Category:Otus gurneyi|Otus gurneyi]] | | | | | ''[[:d:Q719675|speiceas beagnach faoi bhagairt]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 474 | Q819706 | [[Carpodacus rubicilla|rósghlasán mór Cugasach]] | Carpodacus rubicilla | [[:commons:Category:Carpodacus rubicilla|Carpodacus rubicilla]] | | | | | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 475 | Q46143 | [[rósghlasán scarlóideach]] | Carpodacus erythrinus | [[:commons:Category:Carpodacus erythrinus|Carpodacus erythrinus]] | | 26 ceintiméadar | [[Íomhá:CarpodacusErythrinusIUCN.svg|center|128px]] | 11 lá | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 476 | Q25386 | [[rúcach]] | Corvus frugilegus | [[:commons:Category:Corvus frugilegus|Corvus frugilegus]] | 489 gram<br/>418 gram | 0.93 méadar | [[Íomhá:Corvus frugilegus distribution.png|center|128px]] | 16 lá | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 477 | Q25777 | [[sacán]] | Turdus pilaris | [[:commons:Category:Turdus pilaris|Turdus pilaris]] | 6.8 gram<br/>105 gram | 0.42 méadar | [[Íomhá:Turdus pilaris map.svg|center|128px]] | 12 lá | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 478 | Q201300 | [[sceadach]] | Melanitta fusca | [[:commons:Category:Melanitta fusca|Melanitta fusca]] | 1.762 cileagram | 0.97 méadar | [[Íomhá:MelanittaFuscaIUCNver2018 2.png|center|128px]] | | ''[[:d:Q278113|leochaileach]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 479 | Q178821 | [[scodalach dubheiteach]] | Himantopus himantopus | [[:commons:Category:Himantopus himantopus|Himantopus himantopus]] | 21.8 gram<br/>160 gram | | [[Íomhá:HimantopusHimantopusIUCN2019-3.png|center|128px]] | 25 lá | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 480 | Q752678 | [[Scréachán isibéalach|scréachán banbhuí]] | Lanius isabellinus | [[:commons:Category:Lanius isabellinus|Lanius isabellinus]] | 30 gram | | | 15 lá | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 481 | Q235052 | [[scréachán coille]] | Lanius senator | [[:commons:Category:Lanius senator|Lanius senator]] | 3.4 gram | | [[Íomhá:Lanius senator distr.png|center|128px]] | 15 lá | ''[[:d:Q719675|speiceas beagnach faoi bhagairt]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 482 | Q26671 | [[scréachán droimrua]] | Lanius collurio | [[:commons:Category:Lanius collurio|Lanius collurio]] | 3.15 gram | 26 ceintiméadar | [[Íomhá:LaniusCollurioIUCN.svg|center|128px]] | 14 lá | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 483 | Q25354 | [[scréachóg]] | Garrulus glandarius | [[:commons:Category:Garrulus glandarius|Garrulus glandarius]] | 8.5 gram | 0.54 méadar | [[Íomhá:Garrulus glandarius distribution.jpg|center|128px]] | 20 lá | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 484 | Q80858 | [[scréachóg liath]] | Perisoreus canadensis | [[:commons:Category:Perisoreus canadensis|Perisoreus canadensis]] | | | [[Íomhá:Perisoreus canadensis map.svg|center|128px]] | | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 485 | Q25317 | [[scréachóg reilige]] | Tyto alba | [[:commons:Category:Tyto alba|Tyto alba]] | 580 gram | 0.9 méadar | [[Íomhá:Schleiereule-Tyto alba-World.png|center|128px]] | | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 486 | Q27434 | [[Scótar coiteann|Scótar]] | Melanitta nigra | [[:commons:Category:Melanitta nigra|Melanitta nigra]] | | 0.85 méadar | [[Íomhá:MelanittaNigraIUCNver2019-2.png|center|128px]] | | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 487 | Q2020137 | [[Scótar báneiteach]] | Melanitta deglandi | [[:commons:Category:Melanitta deglandi|Melanitta deglandi]] | | | [[Íomhá:Melanitta deglandi map.svg|center|128px]] | | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 488 | Q529048 | [[Scótar Meiriceánach]] | Melanitta americana | [[:commons:Category:Melanitta americana|Melanitta americana]] | | | [[Íomhá:Melanitta americana map.svg|center|128px]] | | ''[[:d:Q719675|speiceas beagnach faoi bhagairt]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 489 | Q742468 | [[scótar toinne]] | Melanitta perspicillata | [[:commons:Category:Melanitta perspicillata|Melanitta perspicillata]] | 62 gram<br/>1 cileagram<br/>900 gram | 84 ceintiméadar | [[Íomhá:Melanitta perspicillata range map.png|center|128px]] | | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 490 | Q943329 | [[Tuirne lín Meiriceánach|seabhac oíche Meiriceánach]] | Chordeiles minor | [[:commons:Category:Chordeiles minor|Chordeiles minor]] | 79.3 gram | | [[Íomhá:Chordeiles minor map.svg|center|128px]] | | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 491 | Q606755 | [[Speirsheabhac Seapánach|seabhac Seapánach]] | Accipiter gularis | [[:commons:Category:Accipiter gularis|Accipiter gularis]] | | 52 ceintiméadar | | 26 lá | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 492 | Q234722 | [[Iolar Bonelli|seabhaciolar]] | Aquila fasciata | [[:commons:Category:Aquila fasciata|Aquila fasciata]] | 1.82 cileagram<br/>2.56 cileagram<br/>112 gram | | [[Íomhá:Hieraaetus fasciatus area.PNG|center|128px]] | | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 493 | Q25761 | [[seil-lacha]] | Tadorna tadorna | [[:commons:Category:Tadorna tadorna|Tadorna tadorna]] | 78 gram<br/>1.261 cileagram<br/>1.043 cileagram | 112 ceintiméadar | [[Íomhá:Tadorna tadorna distribution.png|center|128px]] | 30 lá | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 494 | Q170723 | [[seil-lacha rua]] | Tadorna ferruginea | [[:commons:Category:Tadorna ferruginea|Tadorna ferruginea]] | 83 gram<br/>1.36 cileagram<br/>1.1 cileagram | 133 ceintiméadar | [[Íomhá:TadornaFerrugineaIUCN.png|center|128px]] | 28 lá | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 495 | Q621833 | [[seirín ceanndubh]] | Serinus pusillus | [[:commons:Category:Serinus pusillus|Serinus pusillus]] | 1.43 gram | | | | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 496 | Q27461190 | [[Praslacha Bhaikalach|Sibirionetta formosa]] | Sibirionetta formosa | [[:commons:Category:Sibirionetta formosa|Sibirionetta formosa]] | | | [[Íomhá:SibirionettaFormosaIUCN2019-2.png|center|128px]] | | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 497 | Q27075864 | [[siscín]] | Spinus spinus | [[:commons:Category:Spinus spinus|Spinus spinus]] | 1.29 gram<br/>13.8 gram | 0.21 méadar | [[Íomhá:Rangemap-tarin.PNG|center|128px]] | 12 lá | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 498 | Q25634 | [[sléibhín]] | Chroicocephalus ridibundus | [[:commons:Category:Chroicocephalus ridibundus|Chroicocephalus ridibundus]] | 294 gram<br/>267 gram | 0.97 méadar | [[Íomhá:ChroicocephalusRidibundusIUCN2019-2.png|center|128px]] | | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 499 | Q164467 | [[sléibhín beag]] | Hydrocoloeus minutus | [[:commons:Category:Hydrocoloeus minutus|Hydrocoloeus minutus]] | 98 gram | 78 ceintiméadar | [[Íomhá:HydrocoloeusMinutusIUCNver2018 2.png|center|128px]] | | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 500 | Q276189 | [[sléibhín Meánmhuirí]] | Ichthyaetus melanocephalus | [[:commons:Category:Ichthyaetus melanocephalus|Ichthyaetus melanocephalus]] | | 96 ceintiméadar | [[Íomhá:LarusMelanocephalus.png|center|128px]] | 24 lá | |- | style='text-align:right'| 501 | Q843175 | [[smólach breacdhorcha]] | Turdus naumanni | [[:commons:Category:Turdus naumanni|Turdus naumanni]] | | | | | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 502 | Q26349 | [[smólach ceoil]] | Turdus philomelos | [[:commons:Category:Turdus philomelos|Turdus philomelos]] | 6 gram<br/>72 gram | 0.36 méadar | [[Íomhá:TurdusPhilomelosIUCN.svg|center|128px]] | 14 lá | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 503 | Q80780 | [[smólach píbdhubh]] | Turdus atrogularis | [[:commons:Category:Turdus atrogularis|Turdus atrogularis]] | | | | 11 lá | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 504 | Q1591651 | [[Smólach ordúil|smólach rua-eiteach]] | Turdus eunomus | [[:commons:Category:Turdus eunomus|Turdus eunomus]] | | | | | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 505 | Q258964 | [[smólach Sibéarach]] | Geokichla sibirica | [[:commons:Category:Geokichla sibirica|Geokichla sibirica]] | 60 gram<br/>70 gram | | | 10 lá | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 506 | Q796672 | [[Éan oighinn|smólach talún]] | Seiurus aurocapilla | [[:commons:Category:Seiurus aurocapilla|Seiurus aurocapilla]] | | | [[Íomhá:Seiurus aurocapilla map.svg|center|128px]] | | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 507 | Q949662 | [[smólach White]] | Zoothera aurea | [[:commons:Category:Zoothera aurea|Zoothera aurea]] | | | | | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 508 | Q193593 | [[Snag coiteann|snag]] | Certhia familiaris | [[:commons:Category:Certhia familiaris|Certhia familiaris]] | 9.95 gram | 19 ceintiméadar | [[Íomhá:CerthiaFamiliarisIUCN2019-2.png|center|128px]] | | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 509 | Q125895 | [[Reathaí ladharghearr|snag ladharghearr]] | Certhia brachydactyla | [[:commons:Category:Certhia brachydactyla|Certhia brachydactyla]] | 1.16 gram<br/>8.4 gram | | [[Íomhá:Sttreecreepereurope.png|center|128px]] | 14 lá | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 510 | Q28106731 | [[Spadalach tuaisceartach|spadalghob]] | Spatula clypeata | [[:commons:Category:Spatula clypeata|Spatula clypeata]] | | | [[Íomhá:SpatulaClypeata.png|center|128px]] | | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 511 | Q28106902 | [[Praslacha shamhraidh|Spatula querquedula]] | Spatula querquedula | [[:commons:Category:Spatula querquedula|Spatula querquedula]] | | | [[Íomhá:Spatula querquedula map.svg|center|128px]] | | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 512 | Q25334 | [[Spideog bhroinndearg|spideog]] | Erithacus rubecula | [[:commons:Category:Erithacus rubecula|Erithacus rubecula]] | 2.4 gram | 21 ceintiméadar | [[Íomhá:ErithacusRubeculaIUCN.svg|center|128px]] | 15 lá | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 513 | Q557745 | [[spideog phíb-bhán]] | Irania gutturalis | [[:commons:Category:Irania gutturalis|Irania gutturalis]] | 2.66 gram | | | 13 lá | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 514 | Q25380 | [[spioróg]] | Accipiter nisus | [[:commons:Category:Accipiter nisus|Accipiter nisus]] | 110 gram<br/>22.5 gram<br/>150 gram<br/>290 gram | 0.67 méadar | [[Íomhá:AccipiterNisusIUCNver2018 2.png|center|128px]] | | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 515 | Q114338 | [[spioróg Leiveantach]] | Accipiter brevipes | [[:commons:Category:Accipiter brevipes|Accipiter brevipes]] | | 0.7 méadar | [[Íomhá:AccipiterBrevipesIUCNver2018 2.png|center|128px]] | | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 516 | Q137474876 | [[Spioróg mhór]] | Astur gentilis | | | | [[Íomhá:AccipiterGentilis.png|center|128px]] | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 517 | Q25421 | [[spágaire tonn]] | Tachybaptus ruficollis | [[:commons:Category:Tachybaptus ruficollis|Tachybaptus ruficollis]] | 13.7 gram | 42 ceintiméadar | [[Íomhá:Tachybaptus ruficollis-map-distribution.svg|center|128px]] | 20 lá | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 518 | Q753741 | [[Gaineamhchearc bhiorearrach|steipcholúr biorearrach]] | Pterocles alchata | [[:commons:Category:Pterocles alchata|Pterocles alchata]] | 25 gram<br/>250 gram<br/>225 gram | 59.5 ceintiméadar | | 21 lá | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 519 | Q383182 | [[Gaineamhchearc bholgdhubh|steipcholúr tarrdhubh]] | Pterocles orientalis | [[:commons:Category:Pterocles orientalis|Pterocles orientalis]] | 28 gram<br/>428 gram<br/>383 gram | 71.5 ceintiméadar | | 23 lá | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 520 | Q25352 | [[storc bán]] | Ciconia ciconia | [[:commons:Category:Ciconia ciconia|Ciconia ciconia]] | 110 gram | 1.91 méadar | [[Íomhá:WhiteStorkMap.svg|center|128px]] | | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 521 | Q25398 | [[storc dubh]] | Ciconia nigra | [[:commons:Category:Ciconia nigra|Ciconia nigra]] | | 1.5 méadar | [[Íomhá:Ciconia nigra distr.png|center|128px]] | | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 522 | Q616393 | [[Ulchabhán mínlíneach|Strix leptogrammica]] | Strix leptogrammica | [[:commons:Category:Strix leptogrammica|Strix leptogrammica]] | | | | | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 523 | Q17592 | [[Struthio|Struthio camelus]] | Struthio camelus | [[:commons:Category:Struthio camelus|Struthio camelus]] | 1.5 cileagram<br/>115 cileagram<br/>100 cileagram | | [[Íomhá:Struthio camelus distribution.svg|center|128px]] | 42 lá | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 524 | Q27043839 | [[Gearg Shíneach|Synoicus chinensis]] | Synoicus chinensis | [[:commons:Category:Synoicus chinensis|Synoicus chinensis]] | | | | | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 525 | Q192524 | [[séirín Canárach]] | Serinus canaria | [[:commons:Category:Serinus canaria|Serinus canaria]] | 1.54 gram<br/>15.3 gram | | | 13 lá | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 526 | Q26135 | [[síodeiteach Boihéamach]] | Bombycilla garrulus | [[:commons:Category:Bombycilla garrulus|Bombycilla garrulus]] | | 34 ceintiméadar | [[Íomhá:BombycillaGarrulusIUCNver2019 1.png|center|128px]] | | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 527 | Q1084995 | [[Estrilda melpoda|síodghob leiceann flannbhuí]] | Estrilda melpoda | [[:commons:Category:Estrilda melpoda|Estrilda melpoda]] | 0.68 gram<br/>7.8 gram | | | 11 lá | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 528 | Q26452 | [[Síolghé thaiga|síolghé]] | Anser fabalis | [[:commons:Category:Anser fabalis|Anser fabalis]] | 146 gram<br/>3.198 cileagram<br/>2.843 cileagram | 1.62 méadar | [[Íomhá:AnserFabalisIUCNver2019 1.png|center|128px]] | | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 529 | Q673280 | [[síolghé thundra]] | Anser serrirostris | [[:commons:Category:Anser serrirostris|Anser serrirostris]] | | | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 530 | Q241349 | [[Síolta chochaill|Síolta chochallach]] | Lophodytes cucullatus | [[:commons:Category:Lophodytes cucullatus|Lophodytes cucullatus]] | | 63 ceintiméadar | [[Íomhá:Lophodytes cucullatus map.svg|center|128px]] | | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 531 | Q200646 | [[síolta gheal]] | Mergellus albellus | [[:commons:Category:Mergellus albellus|Mergellus albellus]] | 42 gram<br/>652 gram<br/>568 gram | 62 ceintiméadar | [[Íomhá:MergellusAlbellusIUCNver2018 2.png|center|128px]] | 27 lá | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 532 | Q180991 | [[síolta mhór]] | Mergus merganser | [[:commons:Category:Mergus merganser|Mergus merganser]] | 1.709 cileagram<br/>1.232 cileagram | 0.93 méadar | [[Íomhá:Mergus merganser distr.png|center|128px]] | | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 533 | Q189609 | [[síolta rua]] | Mergus serrator | [[:commons:Category:Mergus serrator|Mergus serrator]] | 72 gram<br/>1.135 cileagram<br/>908 gram | 0.87 méadar | [[Íomhá:Mergus serrator distr.png|center|128px]] | | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 534 | Q205930 | [[tarmachan]] | Lagopus muta | [[:commons:Category:Lagopus muta|Lagopus muta]] | 665 gram<br/>555 gram | 57 ceintiméadar | [[Íomhá:Rock Ptarmigan Lagopus muta distribution map.png|center|128px]] | 22 lá | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 535 | Q218543 | [[Corr thíograch chíorbhán|Tigriornis leucolopha]] | Tigriornis leucolopha | [[:commons:Category:Tigriornis leucolopha|Tigriornis leucolopha]] | | | [[Íomhá:Tigriornis leucolopha map.svg|center|128px]] | | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 536 | Q185784 | [[tiuf-teaf]] | Phylloscopus collybita | [[:commons:Category:Phylloscopus collybita|Phylloscopus collybita]] | | 18 ceintiméadar | [[Íomhá:Phylloscopus collybita.png|center|128px]] | 13 lá | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 537 | Q3729103 | [[Ceolaire Sindeach|tiuf-teaf sléibhe]] | Phylloscopus sindianus | [[:commons:Category:Phylloscopus sindianus|Phylloscopus sindianus]] | 7 gram | | | | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 538 | Q667778 | [[tokoeka]] | Apteryx australis | [[:commons:Category:Apteryx australis|Apteryx australis]] | 2.208 cileagram<br/>2.535 cileagram | | [[Íomhá:Southern Brown Kiwi.png|center|128px]] | | ''[[:d:Q278113|leochaileach]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 539 | Q607027 | [[torspideog ruadhonn]] | Cercotrichas galactotes | [[:commons:Category:Cercotrichas galactotes|Cercotrichas galactotes]] | 3.2 gram<br/>22.7 gram | | | | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 540 | Q26017 | [[traonach]] | Crex crex | [[:commons:Category:Crex crex|Crex crex]] | 13.2 gram | 50 ceintiméadar | [[Íomhá:Crexcrex.png|center|128px]] | 17 lá | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 541 | Q26717 | [[Tuirne lín Eorpach|tuirne lín]] | Caprimulgus europaeus | [[:commons:Category:Caprimulgus europaeus|Caprimulgus europaeus]] | | 60 ceintiméadar | [[Íomhá:Caprimulgus europaeus distr.png|center|128px]] | | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 542 | Q129958 | [[ulchabhán beag]] | Athene noctua | [[:commons:Category:Athene noctua|Athene noctua]] | | 56 ceintiméadar | [[Íomhá:Steinkauz-Athene noctua-World.png|center|128px]] | | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 543 | Q174466 | [[ulchabhán bóireach]] | Aegolius funereus | [[:commons:Category:Aegolius funereus|Aegolius funereus]] | | 56 ceintiméadar | [[Íomhá:Aegolius funereus dis.png|center|128px]] | | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 544 | Q25756 | [[ulchabhán donn]] | Strix aluco | [[:commons:Category:Strix aluco|Strix aluco]] | 426 gram<br/>524 gram | 99 ceintiméadar | [[Íomhá:StrixAlucoIUCN.png|center|128px]] | | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 545 | Q200724 | [[ulchabhán mór liath]] | Strix nebulosa | [[:commons:Category:Strix nebulosa|Strix nebulosa]] | | 1.37 méadar | [[Íomhá:Strix nebulosa distribution map updated (2013).jpg|center|128px]] | | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 546 | Q190083 | [[ulchabhán na hÚraile]] | Strix uralensis | [[:commons:Category:Strix uralensis|Strix uralensis]] | | 114.5 ceintiméadar | [[Íomhá:Strix uralensis distr..png|center|128px]] | | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 547 | Q25769 | [[ulchabhán réisc]] | Asio flammeus | [[:commons:Category:Asio flammeus|Asio flammeus]] | | 102 ceintiméadar | [[Íomhá:Sumpfohreule-Asio flammeus-World.png|center|128px]] | | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 548 | Q171563 | [[ulchabhán scopach Eoráiseach]] | Otus scops | [[:commons:Category:Otus scops|Otus scops]] | | 58.5 ceintiméadar | [[Íomhá:Otus scops distr.png|center|128px]] | | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 549 | Q1270124 | [[ulchabhán scopach Sokoke]] | Otus ireneae | [[:commons:Category:Otus ireneae|Otus ireneae]] | | | | | [[Speiceas i mbaol (Stádas AICD)|speiceas i mbaol]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 550 | Q1256551 | [[ulchabhán seabhaic Oileán na Nollag]] | Ninox natalis | [[:commons:Category:Ninox natalis|Ninox natalis]] | 184 gram | | [[Íomhá:Christmas Island.jpg|center|128px]] | | ''[[:d:Q278113|leochaileach]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 551 | Q193192 | [[Ulchabhán seabhaic|ulchabhán seabhaic tuaisceartach]] | Surnia ulula | [[:commons:Category:Surnia ulula|Surnia ulula]] | | 76 ceintiméadar | [[Íomhá:Surnia ulula distr with national borders.png|center|128px]] | | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 552 | Q170177 | [[ulchabhán sneachtúil]] | Bubo scandiacus | [[:commons:Category:Bubo scandiacus|Bubo scandiacus]] | | | [[Íomhá:Cypron-Range Bubo scandiacus.svg|center|128px]] | | ''[[:d:Q278113|leochaileach]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 553 | Q1265138 | [[ulchabhán Soumagne]] | Tyto soumagnei | [[:commons:Category:Tyto soumagnei|Tyto soumagnei]] | 380 gram | | | | ''[[:d:Q278113|leochaileach]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 554 | Q926291 | [[ulchabhán síofrach]] | Micrathene whitneyi | [[:commons:Category:Micrathene whitneyi|Micrathene whitneyi]] | | | [[Íomhá:Micrathene whitneyi map.svg|center|128px]] | | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 555 | Q467068 | [[ulchabhán uachasach]] | Athene cunicularia | [[:commons:Category:Athene cunicularia|Athene cunicularia]] | | 595 millimetre | [[Íomhá:Distribuição Buraqueira.png|center|128px]] | | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 556 | Q207846 | [[éadar taibhseach]] | Somateria spectabilis | [[:commons:Category:Somateria spectabilis|Somateria spectabilis]] | 73 gram<br/>1.617 cileagram | 0.93 méadar | [[Íomhá:Somateria spectabilis map.svg|center|128px]] | | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 557 | Q93208 | [[éamú]] | Dromaius novaehollandiae | [[:commons:Category:Dromaius novaehollandiae|Dromaius novaehollandiae]] | 581.2 gram<br/>32.7 cileagram<br/>38.3 cileagram | | [[Íomhá:Dromaius novaehollandiae map distribution 2.svg|center|128px]] | | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 558 | Q131709 | [[éigrit bheag]] | Egretta garzetta | [[:commons:Category:Egretta garzetta|Egretta garzetta]] | 28 gram<br/>532 gram | 92 ceintiméadar | [[Íomhá:EgrettaGarzettaIUVNver2018 2.png|center|128px]] | 21 lá | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 559 | Q130730 | [[éigrit mhór]] | Ardea alba | [[:commons:Category:Ardea alba|Ardea alba]] | | 1.44 méadar | [[Íomhá:ArdeaAlbaIUCNver2019 1.png|center|128px]] | | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 560 | Q208763 | [[íbis bheannaithe]] | Threskiornis aethiopicus | [[:commons:Category:Threskiornis aethiopicus|Threskiornis aethiopicus]] | 62 gram | 118 ceintiméadar | [[Íomhá:ThreskiornisAethiopicusIUCNver2024.png|center|128px]] | 29 lá | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 561 | Q589171 | [[íbis bhán Mheiriceánach]] | Eudocimus albus | [[:commons:Category:Eudocimus albus|Eudocimus albus]] | 1.036 cileagram<br/>764 gram | | [[Íomhá:Eudocimus albus map 2.svg|center|128px]] | | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 562 | Q245414 | [[íbis mhaol thuaisceartach]] | Geronticus eremita | [[:commons:Category:Geronticus eremita|Geronticus eremita]] | 68 gram | | [[Íomhá:Morocco bald ibis map-01.png|center|128px]] | 27 lá | [[Speiceas i mbaol (Stádas AICD)|speiceas i mbaol]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 563 | Q178811 | [[íbis niamhrach]] | Plegadis falcinellus | [[:commons:Category:Plegadis falcinellus|Plegadis falcinellus]] | 633 gram | 0.89 méadar | [[Íomhá:Plegadis falcinellus map.svg|center|128px]] | | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 564 | Q25388 | [[óiréal órga]] | Oriolus oriolus | [[:commons:Category:Oriolus oriolus|Oriolus oriolus]] | 7.3 gram | 46 ceintiméadar | [[Íomhá:Oriolus oriolus distribution map.png|center|128px]] | 16 lá | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 565 | Q576762 | [[órshúileach ceannsceadach]] | Bucephala albeola | [[:commons:Category:Bucephala albeola|Bucephala albeola]] | 481 gram<br/>367 gram | 57 ceintiméadar | [[Íomhá:Bucephala albeola map.svg|center|128px]] | | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 566 | Q369767 | [[órshúileach Íoslannach]] | Bucephala islandica | [[:commons:Category:Bucephala islandica|Bucephala islandica]] | 70 gram<br/>1.09 cileagram<br/>730 gram | 75.5 ceintiméadar | | | [[Speiceas is lú imní]] |} {{Wikidata list end}} erh7a5ba7clr6z6c311jldb3b2dypib 0 96384 1320646 1294640 2026-07-15T15:11:12Z TGcoa 21229 1320646 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Íomhá:Novi Sad mayor office.jpg|mion|Méara, Novi Sad na Seirbia ]] Cumas dhá theanga nó cúpla teangacha a labhairt is ea an '''dátheangachas''' nó an t-'''Ilteangachas''' (nó '''breisteangachas'''). Má tá duine dátheangach, tá siad in ann dhá theanga a labhairt go líofa, go minic toisc gur fhoghlaim siad an dá theanga sin nuair a bhí siad an-óg.<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.focloir.ie/en/dictionary/nid/d%C3%A1theangach|teideal=dátheangach - Definition in Irish Gaelic with audio pronunciation for dátheangach by Foras na Gaeilge|work=www.focloir.ie|dátarochtana=2026-07-15}}</ref> Is ionann duine ilteangach agus duine a labhraíonn nó a thuigeann a lán teangacha.<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.focloir.ie/en/dictionary/nid/ilteangach|teideal=ilteangach - Definition in Irish Gaelic with audio pronunciation for ilteangach by Foras na Gaeilge|work=www.focloir.ie|dátarochtana=2026-07-15}}</ref> [[Íomhá:Dublin airport sign in both English and Irish Gaelic languages.jpg|mion|[[Aerfort Bhaile Átha Cliath]]]] == Buntáistí == Aithníonn [[Teangeangeolaí|teangeolaithe]] go bhfuil an dátheangachas nó an Ilteangachas ina bhuntáiste do pháistí.<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.siopaleabhar.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/TreoirleabharChomhluadarGaeilge.pdf|teideal=Ag tógaíl clainne le Gaeilgeː Treoirleabhar do thuismitheoirí|údar=Comhluadar agus Máiréad Ní Chinnéide|dáta=|dátarochtana=2021}}</ref><ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.vtomb.com/watch?v=kwNQw8oF0ME&hl=ga|teideal=Cad é an Dátheangachas? (Comhairle do Thuismitheoirí) - béarla|language=ga|work=vTomb|dátarochtana=2021-01-16|archivedate=2022-08-19|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220819012735/https://www.vtomb.com/watch?v=kwNQw8oF0ME&hl=ga}}</ref><ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.cogg.ie/wp-content/uploads/an-tumoideachas-bua-no-dua.pdf|teideal=Tumoideachas - bua nó dua ?|údar=cogg.ie|dáta=|dátarochtana=2021|archivedate=2021-05-09|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210509194413/https://www.cogg.ie/wp-content/uploads/an-tumoideachas-bua-no-dua.pdf}}</ref> Bíonn an tuiscint ar an saol ag gasúir dhátheangacha éagsúil ón tuiscint a bhíonn ag gasúir aonteangacha. Léiríonn taighde<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://tuairisc.ie/leanai-datheangacha-nios-tuisceanai-faoi-eagsulacht-daoine-eile/|teideal="Leanaí dátheangacha níos tuisceanaí faoi éagsúlacht daoine eile" ...staidéar a rinne lucht taighde ón Ollscoil Concordia (a foilsíodh ar 15 Eanáir 2015)|údar=Maitiú Ó Coimín|dáta=|language=ga-IE|work=Tuairisc.ie|dátarochtana=2021-01-16}}</ref> gur fearr an tuiscint ag gasúir dhátheangacha ar thréithe an duine daonna ná gasúir aonteangacha.<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.dw.com/en/how-speaking-multiple-languages-changes-your-brain/a-72218512|teideal=How speaking multiple languages changes your brain – DW – 05/05/2025|language=en|work=dw.com|dátarochtana=2025-05-05}}</ref> Léiríonn taighde gur cosaint ar an néaltrú i seandaoine é an dátheangachas nó ilteangachas.<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.rte.ie/radio/radio1/clips/22629918/|teideal=Bilingual brain: Why learning another language could slow brain ageing|dáta=2026-07-15|language=en|work=RTE Radio|dátarochtana=2026-07-15}}</ref> Deir na taighdeoirí go bhfuil an chosúlacht ar na torthaí gur fearr an cumas inchinne atá ag dátheangaigh dul i ngleic leis an meathlú.<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://sceal.ie/2020/03/is-cosaint-ar-an-nealtru-an-datheangachas-staidear-nua/|teideal=‘Is cosaint ar an néaltrú an dátheangachas’ – staidéar nua|údar=Tuairisc.ie|dáta=2020-03-30|language=ga-IE|work=Scéal.ie|dátarochtana=2026-07-15}}</ref> == Féach freisin == * [[Dátheangachas oifigiúil]] == Tagairtí == {{reflist}} {{síol-teangeolaíocht}} [[Catagóir:Ilteangachas]] [[Catagóir:Teangeolaíocht fheidhmeach]] q2depixwtydff8nf2z58zbwjl07x2ma 1320647 1320646 2026-07-15T15:26:57Z TGcoa 21229 /* Buntáistí */ 1320647 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Íomhá:Novi Sad mayor office.jpg|mion|Méara, Novi Sad na Seirbia ]] Cumas dhá theanga nó cúpla teangacha a labhairt is ea an '''dátheangachas''' nó an t-'''Ilteangachas''' (nó '''breisteangachas'''). Má tá duine dátheangach, tá siad in ann dhá theanga a labhairt go líofa, go minic toisc gur fhoghlaim siad an dá theanga sin nuair a bhí siad an-óg.<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.focloir.ie/en/dictionary/nid/d%C3%A1theangach|teideal=dátheangach - Definition in Irish Gaelic with audio pronunciation for dátheangach by Foras na Gaeilge|work=www.focloir.ie|dátarochtana=2026-07-15}}</ref> Is ionann duine ilteangach agus duine a labhraíonn nó a thuigeann a lán teangacha.<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.focloir.ie/en/dictionary/nid/ilteangach|teideal=ilteangach - Definition in Irish Gaelic with audio pronunciation for ilteangach by Foras na Gaeilge|work=www.focloir.ie|dátarochtana=2026-07-15}}</ref> [[Íomhá:Dublin airport sign in both English and Irish Gaelic languages.jpg|mion|[[Aerfort Bhaile Átha Cliath]]]] == Buntáistí == Léirigh torthaí taighde le fada go raibh buntáistí cognaíocha, teangeolaíocha, acadúla agus sóisialta ann a bheith dátheangach. Ní hamháin sin, ach léirigh taighde le blianta beaga anuas go maireann na buntáistí cognaíocha ar feadh shaol an duine agus gur féidir leis an néaltrú a chur siar. '''Cultúr''' Buntáiste a bhaineann le bheith dátheangach ná go mbíonn cur amach ag duine ar dhá chultúr ar leith agus ar na luachanna éagsúla a bhaineann leo. Thaispeáin taighdeoirí ar nós Cenoz & Genesee (1998) go mbíonn smaointeoireacht iltreóch níos fearr ag dátheangaigh i gcomparáid le haonteangaigh. Mar sin bíonn siad níos fearr ag réiteach fadhbanna.<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.forasnagaeilge.ie/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/75fc49640fec2d79004076adc9cce098.docx|teideal=Anailís ar Mhúnlaí Soláthair Gaelscolaíochta: Tuairisc Thaighde|údar=forasnagaeilge.ie|dáta=Samhain 2017|language=ga-IE|dátarochtana=2026}}</ref> '''Páistí''' Aithníonn [[Teangeangeolaí|teangeolaithe]] go bhfuil an dátheangachas nó an Ilteangachas ina bhuntáiste do pháistí.<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.siopaleabhar.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/TreoirleabharChomhluadarGaeilge.pdf|teideal=Ag tógaíl clainne le Gaeilgeː Treoirleabhar do thuismitheoirí|údar=Comhluadar agus Máiréad Ní Chinnéide|dáta=|dátarochtana=2021}}</ref><ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.vtomb.com/watch?v=kwNQw8oF0ME&hl=ga|teideal=Cad é an Dátheangachas? (Comhairle do Thuismitheoirí) - béarla|language=ga|work=vTomb|dátarochtana=2021-01-16|archivedate=2022-08-19|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220819012735/https://www.vtomb.com/watch?v=kwNQw8oF0ME&hl=ga}}</ref><ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.cogg.ie/wp-content/uploads/an-tumoideachas-bua-no-dua.pdf|teideal=Tumoideachas - bua nó dua ?|údar=cogg.ie|dáta=|dátarochtana=2021|archivedate=2021-05-09|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210509194413/https://www.cogg.ie/wp-content/uploads/an-tumoideachas-bua-no-dua.pdf}}</ref> Bíonn an tuiscint ar an saol ag gasúir dhátheangacha éagsúil ón tuiscint a bhíonn ag gasúir aonteangacha. Léiríonn taighde<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://tuairisc.ie/leanai-datheangacha-nios-tuisceanai-faoi-eagsulacht-daoine-eile/|teideal="Leanaí dátheangacha níos tuisceanaí faoi éagsúlacht daoine eile" ...staidéar a rinne lucht taighde ón Ollscoil Concordia (a foilsíodh ar 15 Eanáir 2015)|údar=Maitiú Ó Coimín|dáta=|language=ga-IE|work=Tuairisc.ie|dátarochtana=2021-01-16}}</ref> gur fearr an tuiscint ag gasúir dhátheangacha ar thréithe an duine daonna ná gasúir aonteangacha.<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.dw.com/en/how-speaking-multiple-languages-changes-your-brain/a-72218512|teideal=How speaking multiple languages changes your brain – DW – 05/05/2025|language=en|work=dw.com|dátarochtana=2025-05-05}}</ref> '''Néaltrú''' Cuireann an dátheangachas moill ar an meathlú cognaíoch. Léiríonn taighde gur cosaint ar an néaltrú i seandaoine é an dátheangachas nó ilteangachas.<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.rte.ie/radio/radio1/clips/22629918/|teideal=Bilingual brain: Why learning another language could slow brain ageing|dáta=2026-07-15|language=en|work=RTE Radio|dátarochtana=2026-07-15}}</ref> Deir na taighdeoirí go bhfuil an chosúlacht ar na torthaí gur fearr an cumas inchinne atá ag dátheangaigh dul i ngleic leis an meathlú.<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://sceal.ie/2020/03/is-cosaint-ar-an-nealtru-an-datheangachas-staidear-nua/|teideal=‘Is cosaint ar an néaltrú an dátheangachas’ – staidéar nua|údar=Tuairisc.ie|dáta=2020-03-30|language=ga-IE|work=Scéal.ie|dátarochtana=2026-07-15}}</ref> == Féach freisin == * [[Dátheangachas oifigiúil]] == Taighde == * Cenoz, J. & Genesee, F. (Eds) (1998). ''Beyond Bilingualism: Multilingualism and Multilingual'' ''Education.'' Clevedon, UK: Multilingual Matters. == Tagairtí == {{reflist}} {{síol-teangeolaíocht}} [[Catagóir:Ilteangachas]] [[Catagóir:Teangeolaíocht fheidhmeach]] p8flpb8ujh1x18k23t1m1qf194m6z8l 1320648 1320647 2026-07-15T15:27:14Z TGcoa 21229 1320648 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Íomhá:Novi Sad mayor office.jpg|mion|Méara, Novi Sad na Seirbia ]] Cumas dhá theanga nó cúpla teangacha a labhairt is ea an '''dátheangachas''' nó an t-'''Ilteangachas''' (nó '''breisteangachas'''). Má tá duine dátheangach, tá siad in ann dhá theanga a labhairt go líofa, go minic toisc gur fhoghlaim siad an dá theanga sin nuair a bhí siad an-óg.<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.focloir.ie/en/dictionary/nid/d%C3%A1theangach|teideal=dátheangach - Definition in Irish Gaelic with audio pronunciation for dátheangach by Foras na Gaeilge|work=www.focloir.ie|dátarochtana=2026-07-15}}</ref> Is ionann duine ilteangach agus duine a labhraíonn nó a thuigeann a lán teangacha.<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.focloir.ie/en/dictionary/nid/ilteangach|teideal=ilteangach - Definition in Irish Gaelic with audio pronunciation for ilteangach by Foras na Gaeilge|work=www.focloir.ie|dátarochtana=2026-07-15}}</ref> [[Íomhá:Dublin airport sign in both English and Irish Gaelic languages.jpg|mion|[[Aerfort Bhaile Átha Cliath]]]] == Buntáistí == Léirigh torthaí taighde le fada go raibh buntáistí cognaíocha, teangeolaíocha, acadúla agus sóisialta ann a bheith dátheangach. Ní hamháin sin, ach léirigh taighde le blianta beaga anuas go maireann na buntáistí cognaíocha ar feadh shaol an duine agus gur féidir leis an néaltrú a chur siar. '''Cultúr''' Buntáiste a bhaineann le bheith dátheangach ná go mbíonn cur amach ag duine ar dhá chultúr ar leith agus ar na luachanna éagsúla a bhaineann leo. Thaispeáin taighdeoirí ar nós Cenoz & Genesee (1998) go mbíonn smaointeoireacht iltreóch níos fearr ag dátheangaigh i gcomparáid le haonteangaigh. Mar sin bíonn siad níos fearr ag réiteach fadhbanna.<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.forasnagaeilge.ie/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/75fc49640fec2d79004076adc9cce098.docx|teideal=Anailís ar Mhúnlaí Soláthair Gaelscolaíochta: Tuairisc Thaighde|údar=forasnagaeilge.ie|dáta=Samhain 2017|language=ga-IE|dátarochtana=2026}}</ref> '''Páistí''' Aithníonn [[Teangeangeolaí|teangeolaithe]] go bhfuil an dátheangachas nó an Ilteangachas ina bhuntáiste do pháistí.<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.siopaleabhar.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/TreoirleabharChomhluadarGaeilge.pdf|teideal=Ag tógaíl clainne le Gaeilgeː Treoirleabhar do thuismitheoirí|údar=Comhluadar agus Máiréad Ní Chinnéide|dáta=|dátarochtana=2021}}</ref><ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.vtomb.com/watch?v=kwNQw8oF0ME&hl=ga|teideal=Cad é an Dátheangachas? (Comhairle do Thuismitheoirí) - béarla|language=ga|work=vTomb|dátarochtana=2021-01-16|archivedate=2022-08-19|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220819012735/https://www.vtomb.com/watch?v=kwNQw8oF0ME&hl=ga}}</ref><ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.cogg.ie/wp-content/uploads/an-tumoideachas-bua-no-dua.pdf|teideal=Tumoideachas - bua nó dua ?|údar=cogg.ie|dáta=|dátarochtana=2021|archivedate=2021-05-09|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210509194413/https://www.cogg.ie/wp-content/uploads/an-tumoideachas-bua-no-dua.pdf}}</ref> Bíonn an tuiscint ar an saol ag gasúir dhátheangacha éagsúil ón tuiscint a bhíonn ag gasúir aonteangacha. Léiríonn taighde<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://tuairisc.ie/leanai-datheangacha-nios-tuisceanai-faoi-eagsulacht-daoine-eile/|teideal="Leanaí dátheangacha níos tuisceanaí faoi éagsúlacht daoine eile" ...staidéar a rinne lucht taighde ón Ollscoil Concordia (a foilsíodh ar 15 Eanáir 2015)|údar=Maitiú Ó Coimín|dáta=|language=ga-IE|work=Tuairisc.ie|dátarochtana=2021-01-16}}</ref> gur fearr an tuiscint ag gasúir dhátheangacha ar thréithe an duine daonna ná gasúir aonteangacha.<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.dw.com/en/how-speaking-multiple-languages-changes-your-brain/a-72218512|teideal=How speaking multiple languages changes your brain – DW – 05/05/2025|language=en|work=dw.com|dátarochtana=2025-05-05}}</ref> '''Néaltrú''' Cuireann an dátheangachas moill ar an meathlú cognaíoch. Léiríonn taighde gur cosaint ar an néaltrú i seandaoine é an dátheangachas nó ilteangachas.<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.rte.ie/radio/radio1/clips/22629918/|teideal=Bilingual brain: Why learning another language could slow brain ageing|dáta=2026-07-15|language=en|work=RTE Radio|dátarochtana=2026-07-15}}</ref> Deir na taighdeoirí go bhfuil an chosúlacht ar na torthaí gur fearr an cumas inchinne atá ag dátheangaigh dul i ngleic leis an meathlú.<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://sceal.ie/2020/03/is-cosaint-ar-an-nealtru-an-datheangachas-staidear-nua/|teideal=‘Is cosaint ar an néaltrú an dátheangachas’ – staidéar nua|údar=Tuairisc.ie|dáta=2020-03-30|language=ga-IE|work=Scéal.ie|dátarochtana=2026-07-15}}</ref> == Féach freisin == * [[Dátheangachas oifigiúil]] == Taighde == * Cenoz, J. & Genesee, F. (Eds) (1998). ''Beyond Bilingualism: Multilingualism and Multilingual'' ''Education.'' Clevedon, UK: Multilingual Matters. == Tagairtí == {{reflist}} [[Catagóir:Ilteangachas]] [[Catagóir:Teangeolaíocht fheidhmeach]] m5wn026ww7xyn9rvhky8ikk5fvntgmg 1320652 1320648 2026-07-15T15:35:02Z TGcoa 21229 /* Buntáistí */ 1320652 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Íomhá:Novi Sad mayor office.jpg|mion|Méara, Novi Sad na Seirbia ]] Cumas dhá theanga nó cúpla teangacha a labhairt is ea an '''dátheangachas''' nó an t-'''Ilteangachas''' (nó '''breisteangachas'''). Má tá duine dátheangach, tá siad in ann dhá theanga a labhairt go líofa, go minic toisc gur fhoghlaim siad an dá theanga sin nuair a bhí siad an-óg.<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.focloir.ie/en/dictionary/nid/d%C3%A1theangach|teideal=dátheangach - Definition in Irish Gaelic with audio pronunciation for dátheangach by Foras na Gaeilge|work=www.focloir.ie|dátarochtana=2026-07-15}}</ref> Is ionann duine ilteangach agus duine a labhraíonn nó a thuigeann a lán teangacha.<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.focloir.ie/en/dictionary/nid/ilteangach|teideal=ilteangach - Definition in Irish Gaelic with audio pronunciation for ilteangach by Foras na Gaeilge|work=www.focloir.ie|dátarochtana=2026-07-15}}</ref> [[Íomhá:Dublin airport sign in both English and Irish Gaelic languages.jpg|mion|[[Aerfort Bhaile Átha Cliath]]]] == Buntáistí == Léirigh torthaí taighde le fada go raibh buntáistí cognaíocha, teangeolaíocha, acadúla agus sóisialta ann a bheith dátheangach. Ní hamháin sin, ach léirigh taighde le blianta beaga anuas go maireann na buntáistí cognaíocha ar feadh shaol an duine agus gur féidir leis an néaltrú a chur siar. '''Cultúr''' Buntáiste a bhaineann le bheith dátheangach ná go mbíonn cur amach ag duine ar dhá chultúr ar leith agus ar na luachanna éagsúla a bhaineann leo. Thaispeáin taighdeoirí ar nós Cenoz & Genesee (1998) go mbíonn smaointeoireacht iltreóch níos fearr ag dátheangaigh i gcomparáid le haonteangaigh. Mar sin bíonn siad níos fearr ag réiteach fadhbanna.<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.forasnagaeilge.ie/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/75fc49640fec2d79004076adc9cce098.docx|teideal=Anailís ar Mhúnlaí Soláthair Gaelscolaíochta: Tuairisc Thaighde|údar=forasnagaeilge.ie|dáta=Samhain 2017|language=ga-IE|dátarochtana=2026}}</ref> '''Páistí''' Aithníonn [[Teangeangeolaí|teangeolaithe]] go bhfuil an dátheangachas nó an Ilteangachas ina bhuntáiste do pháistí.<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.siopaleabhar.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/TreoirleabharChomhluadarGaeilge.pdf|teideal=Ag tógaíl clainne le Gaeilgeː Treoirleabhar do thuismitheoirí|údar=Comhluadar agus Máiréad Ní Chinnéide|dáta=|dátarochtana=2021}}</ref><ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.vtomb.com/watch?v=kwNQw8oF0ME&hl=ga|teideal=Cad é an Dátheangachas? (Comhairle do Thuismitheoirí) - béarla|language=ga|work=vTomb|dátarochtana=2021-01-16|archivedate=2022-08-19|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220819012735/https://www.vtomb.com/watch?v=kwNQw8oF0ME&hl=ga}}</ref><ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.cogg.ie/wp-content/uploads/an-tumoideachas-bua-no-dua.pdf|teideal=Tumoideachas - bua nó dua ?|údar=cogg.ie|dáta=|dátarochtana=2021|archivedate=2021-05-09|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210509194413/https://www.cogg.ie/wp-content/uploads/an-tumoideachas-bua-no-dua.pdf}}</ref> Bíonn an tuiscint ar an saol ag gasúir dhátheangacha éagsúil ón tuiscint a bhíonn ag gasúir aonteangacha. Léiríonn taighde<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://tuairisc.ie/leanai-datheangacha-nios-tuisceanai-faoi-eagsulacht-daoine-eile/|teideal="Leanaí dátheangacha níos tuisceanaí faoi éagsúlacht daoine eile" ...staidéar a rinne lucht taighde ón Ollscoil Concordia (a foilsíodh ar 15 Eanáir 2015)|údar=Maitiú Ó Coimín|dáta=|language=ga-IE|work=Tuairisc.ie|dátarochtana=2021-01-16}}</ref> gur fearr an tuiscint ag gasúir dhátheangacha ar thréithe an duine daonna ná gasúir aonteangacha.<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.dw.com/en/how-speaking-multiple-languages-changes-your-brain/a-72218512|teideal=How speaking multiple languages changes your brain – DW – 05/05/2025|language=en|work=dw.com|dátarochtana=2025-05-05}}</ref> Bíonn dearcadh ar leith ag páiste dátheangach ar fhocail, dearcadh nach bhfuil ag páiste aonteangach. Tuigeann sí ag aois an-óg go bhfuil níos mó ná bealach amháin chun cur síos ar rud. Toisc go bhfuil dlúth-cheangal idir teanga agus smaoineamh tá tionchar aige seo ar chumas smaointeoireachta an pháiste. Maítear freisin go gcuireann an páiste dátheangach níos mó tábhachta le brí an fhocail agus leis an smaoineamh taobh thiar de ná mar a chuireann sí leis an bhfuaim agus go bhféadfadh sé sin cur lena cumas chun plé le smaointe teibí. Deir na saineolaithe freisin go mbíonn aigne níos solúbtha ag an bpáiste dátheangach agus cumas cruthaíochta níos fearr aici. Toisc go mbíonn ar an pháiste dátheangach cinneadh a dhéanamh go minic cé acu teanga is fearr chun labhairt le daoine áirithe meastar go mbíonn sí níos tuisceanaí agus í ag plé le daoine ná mar a bhíonn an páiste aon- -teangach, agus scileanna sóisialta níos fearr aici dá bharr.<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://pleanailteangachloichcheannfhaola.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/Togail-clainne-le-Gaeilge-brochure.pdf|teideal=Ag tógaíl clainne le Gaeilge : Treoirleabhar do thuismitheoirí|údar=Máiréad Ní Chinnéide|language=ga-IE|dátarochtana=2026}}</ref> '''Néaltrú''' Cuireann an dátheangachas moill ar an meathlú cognaíoch. Léiríonn taighde gur cosaint ar an néaltrú i seandaoine é an dátheangachas nó ilteangachas.<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.rte.ie/radio/radio1/clips/22629918/|teideal=Bilingual brain: Why learning another language could slow brain ageing|dáta=2026-07-15|language=en|work=RTE Radio|dátarochtana=2026-07-15}}</ref> Deir na taighdeoirí go bhfuil an chosúlacht ar na torthaí gur fearr an cumas inchinne atá ag dátheangaigh dul i ngleic leis an meathlú.<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://sceal.ie/2020/03/is-cosaint-ar-an-nealtru-an-datheangachas-staidear-nua/|teideal=‘Is cosaint ar an néaltrú an dátheangachas’ – staidéar nua|údar=Tuairisc.ie|dáta=2020-03-30|language=ga-IE|work=Scéal.ie|dátarochtana=2026-07-15}}</ref> == Féach freisin == * [[Dátheangachas oifigiúil]] == Taighde == * Cenoz, J. & Genesee, F. (Eds) (1998). ''Beyond Bilingualism: Multilingualism and Multilingual'' ''Education.'' Clevedon, UK: Multilingual Matters. == Tagairtí == {{reflist}} [[Catagóir:Ilteangachas]] [[Catagóir:Teangeolaíocht fheidhmeach]] p5dfjbrsvll1tb3q2idi0ykr5nby386 0 102279 1320642 1234585 2026-07-15T14:12:30Z Marcas.oduinn 33120 /* */ Eagrú 1320642 wikitext text/x-wiki {{WD Bosca Sonraí Leabhar}} Is [[lámhscríbhinn dhathmhaisithe]] é ''' Leabhar Dharú,''' a théann siar go dtí c. 700, agus ann na ceithre [[Soiscéal]], agus as canúint Éireannach den [[Vulgáid]] i g[[cló na nOileán]].<ref name="m229">Moss (2014), lch. 229</ref> Pléitear fós idir bunús agus dáta an leabhair. Scríobhadh an leabhar i n[[Darú, Contae Uíbh Fhailí]] nó gar dó, suíomh bunaithe ag [[Colm Cille]] (c. 521-97). Moladh tráth gur scríobhadh é in [[ríocht Northumbria|Northumbria]], áit le naisc freisin le Colm Cille.<ref name="on14">O'Neill (2014), lch. 14</ref><ref>De Paor (1977), 96</ref> Tugann tuairiscí stairiúla le fios go raibh an lámhscríbhinn i Mainistir Dharú faoin mbliain 916, agus más fíor is ar cheann desna saothair dá leithéid is luaite atá ann.<ref name="m229"/> Tá an-chuid damáiste déanta dó thar na cianta.<ref name="m229"/> Caomhnaítear anois é i [[Leabharlann Choláiste na Tríonóide]] (TCD MS 57).<ref>{{lua idirlín |url=https://manuscripts.catalogue.tcd.ie/CalmView/Record.aspx?src=CalmView.Catalog&id=IE+TCD+MS+57&pos=1 |teideal=IE TCD MS 57 - Book of Durrow |foilsitheoir=Leabharlann Choláiste na Tríonóide |dátarochtana=14ú Meán Fómhair 2018 |archivedate=2018-09-14 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180914204756/https://manuscripts.catalogue.tcd.ie/CalmView/Record.aspx?src=CalmView.Catalog&id=IE+TCD+MS+57&pos=1 }}</ref> [[Íomhá:BookDurrowQuoniam.jpg | mion | Fóilió on Leabhar]] == Cúr síos == Is é an leabhar is sine dá leithéid atá ar marthain, céad bliain roimh [[Leabhar Cheanannais]]. Tá an sa téacs [[Soiscéal]]ta [[Soiscéal Mhatha|Mhatha]], [[Soiscéal Mharcais|Mharcais]], [[Soiscéal Lúcáis|Lúcáis]] and [[Soiscéal Eoin|Eoin]], chomh maith le tréithe ábhar eile agus [[táblaí canon tables]]. Tá 248 fóilió párpháipéir ann, 245 le 145&nbsp;mm at tomhas. Tá an-chuid maisithe ann, same áireamh sé [[leathanach cairpéid]],<ref name="on14" /> ceithre [[abhatáir Soiscéalaí]] agus sé leathanach shuntasacha le téacs six maisithe. Scríobhadh é le [[Cló na nOileán]]. Tá roinnt [[Lacuna (lámhscríbhinn)|lacunae]] ann. Le imeacht ama, trí athchumhdú agus deisithe eile, tá athruithe tagtha ar ord na leathanach agus a méid.<!-- '' The page size has been reduced by subsequent rebindings, and most leaves are now single when unbound, where many or most would originally have been in "bifolia" or folded pairs. It is clear that some pages have been inserted in the wrong places.<ref name="on14" /> The main significance of this is that it is unclear if there was originally a seventh carpet page. Now Matthew does not have one, but there is, most unusually, one as the last page in the book. Perhaps there were only ever six: one at the start of the book with a cross, one opposite the next page with the four symbols (as now), and one opposite each individual symbol at the start of each gospel.<ref>Meehan (1996), ll. 30-38</ref> Otherwise the original programme of illumination seems to be complete, which is rare in manuscripts of this age.--><ref name="on14" /><ref>Meehan (1996), ll. 30-38</ref> == Stair == [[Íomhá:BookDurrowChiRoPage.jpg|mion|Leathanach le [[Chi-Rho]], Mhatha 1:18]] Tá an leabhar ainmhithe as an mainistir ag [[Darú, Contae Uíbh Fhailí|Darú]], [[Contae Uíbh Fhailí]], bunaithe ag [[Colm Cille]] agus é níos sine agus ina abb [[Oileán Í]]. Meastar gur scríobhadh an leabhar ann timpeall na bliana 700.<ref name="on14">O'Neill (2014), lch. 14</ref> Feictear sa cholafan nóta scriosta book (f. 247r) a mhaíonn gurbh é "Colm" an scríobhaí, an ó obair déanta aige in dhá lá dhéag. Is léir b'fhéidir an t-am seo le haghaidh soiscéil ansin, ach ní ceithre cinn le maisiú.<ref>Meehan (1996), ll. 26-28, 2</ref> Tá a fhios go deimhin gur choimisiúnaigh [[Flann Sinna]] (877-916), [[Ardrí na hÉireann]], [[cumhdach]] airgid don leabhar.<ref name="m29">Mitchell (1996), lch. 29</ref><ref name="on14" /> Is é an an cumhdach is luaite a bhfuil aithne air, cé anois caillte. Creidtear go raibh ann taise Cholm Cille.<ref>Mitchell (1996), ll. 28-29</ref> Ar leathanach bán, tá nóta scríofa ag an scríobhaí ar Darú, [[Flannchad Ua hEolais]], tuairim is an bhliain 1100, maidir le cad dlí.<ref name="m29">Mitchell (1996), lch. 29</ref> Tagann Leabhar Dharú tar éis an ''[[Gospel Book Fragment (Durham Cathedral Library, A. II. 10.)]]'' roimh [[Leabhar Lindisfarne]], a thosaíodh timpeall na bliana 700.<ref>{{cite book |title=The Lindisfarne Gospels: Society, Spirituality & the Scribe |last=Brown |first=Michelle |publisher=University of Toronto Press |year=2003 |location=Londain, The British Library}}</ref> == Dathmhaisiú == [[Íomhá:Book of Durrow folio 192v.png|mion|left|''Leathanach cairpéid le hainmhithe fite fuaite ina chéile]] Léiríonn dathmhaisiú an leabhair forbairt stíl na n-oileán. Is léir, mar shampla, nach raibh taithí ag an maisitheoir agus é ag iarraidh duine daonna a tharraingt. Tugtar "búcla ag siúl" ar a phríomh-iarraidh an Fear de Matha,<ref>Wilson, 34</ref> agus cuirtear éi gcomortaisi le fíor chré-umha le feiceáil ar buicéad as an Iorua.<ref>Meehan (1996), lch. 53 & maisiú lch. 35</ref> Tá vvv na n-ainmhithe fréamhaithe ó phatrúin mhíolchruthacha Gearmánacha agus íomhámná Íosa agus na Soiscéalaithe ó [[Cloch Chruithneach|clocha Cruithneacha]]. Is ionann méid na crosfhí agus an ''Durham fragment'', 'sé sin, níos mó ná [[Leabhar Lindisfarne]]. Is é i Leabhar Dharú a fheictear tús le borradh na maisithe Ceilteacha i leabhair na n-oileán. <!-- '' The page has animal interlace around the sides that is drawn from Germanic [[Migration Period]] [[Animal Style]] II, as found for example in the Anglo-Saxon jewellery at [[Sutton Hoo]], and on the [[Benty Grange hanging bowl]]. But the circular panel in the centre seems, although not as precisely as other parts of the book, to draw on Celtic sources, although the three white circles at the edge recall Germanic metalwork studs in enamel or other techniques.--> Baineann Leabhar Dharú leas as an scéime réamh-[[Vulgáid]] / [[Naomh Iaróm]] le haghaidh abhatáir na soiscéalaithe – fear do [[Matha Soiscéalaí|Mhatha]], [[iolar]] do [[Marcas Soiscéalaí|Mheascadh]] (ní an leon), [[lao]] do [[Lúcás Soiscéalaí|Lúcás]] agus [[leon]] d'[[Eoin Soiscéalaí|Eoin]] (ní an t-iolar). Tar éis gach leathanach soiscéalaí seachas Matha, tá leathanach cairpéid agus ansin leathanach túslitreach. B'fhéidir gur caillte é an leathanach ar iarraidh, nó is é go deimhin fóilió 3 mar atá inniu.<!-- Where the four symbols appear together on folio 2r they appear in the normal order if read clockwise, and in the pre-Vulgate order if read anti-clockwise, which may be deliberate.--><ref>Meehan (1996), ll. 43-44</ref> Tá gach túslitir méadaithe agus maisithe, agus tá poncanna thart timpeall na litreacha a leanann í. <!--Parallels with metalwork can be noted in the rectangular body of St Matthew, which looks like a [[millefiori]] decoration, and in details of the carpet pages. There is a sense of space in the design of all the pages of the Book of Durrow. Open [[vellum]] balances intensely decorated areas. Animal interlace of very high quality appears on fóilió 192v. -->I measc móitífeanna eile, tá bíseanna, [[tríchosóga]], trilseáin ribín agus snaidhmeanna ciorclacha sna leathanaigh chairpéid agus sna himill thart timpeall na soiscéalaithr. === Abhatáir na soiscéalaithe === <gallery widths="180" heights="200" perrow="4"> Íomhá:Meister des Book of Durrow 001.jpg|An Fear de [[Matha Soiscéalaí|Mhatha]] (fóilió 21v) Íomhá:BookDurrowOx.jpg|An Damh de [[Lúcás Soiscéalaí|Lúcás]] (fóilió 124v) Íomhá:BookOfDurrowLion.jpg|An Leon, anseo d'[[Eoin Soiscéalaí|Eoin]] (fóilió 191v)<!-- is ceart é seo, féach an téacs --> Íomhá:BookDurrowEagle.jpg|An tIolar, anseo de [[Marcas Soiscéalaí|Mharcas]] (fóilió 84v) </gallery> === Leathanaigh cairpéid === <gallery widths="180px" heights="220px" perrow="4"> Íomhá:BookDurrowCarpetPage.jpg|Fóilió 85v Íomhá:BookDurrowCarpetPage5.jpg|Fóilió 125v Íomhá:DurrowFol001vCarpetPage.jpg|Fóilió 1v (le pollta) Íomhá:BookDurrowCarpetPage2.png|Fóilió ? </gallery> == Caomhnú == Le dúnadh na mainistreach sa 16ú haois, glacadh seilbh príobháideach ar an leabhar. Fuair [[James Ussher]] ar iasacht é agus rinne staidéar air, is dúchas agus é ina [[easpag na Mí]] ón mbliain 1621 go dtí 1623. Tháinig an leabhar slán in ainneoin roinnt eachtraí, san áireamh feirmeoir éigin a chuir in uisce é chun uisce coisricthe a dhéanamh chun a bha a leigheasadh. Am éigin idir na blianta 1661 go dtí 1682, thug easpag na Mí [[Henry Jones (bishop)|Henry Jones]] an leabhar úd agus [[Leabhar Cheanannais]] don leabharlann i Coláiste na Tríonóide. Cailleadh idir an cumhdach agus an clúdach le linn forghabhálacha sa bhliain 1689.<ref>Meehan (1996), ll. 13-16</ref><ref name="on14" />. Feictear cur síos ar an gcumhdach i nóta scríofa sa bhliain 1677, ar fhóilió IIv anois.<ref>Meehan (1996), lch. 13</ref> == Foinsí == * Calkins, Robert G. ''Illuminated Books of the Middle Ages''. Ithaca, Nua-Eabhrac: Cornell University Press, 1983. * De Paor, Liam. "The Christian Triumph: The Golden Age". * Meehan, Bernard. ''The Book of Durrow: A Medieval Masterpiece at Trinity College Dublin'', 1996, Town House, Baile Átha Cliath, {{ISBN|1-57098-053-5}} * Mitchell, Perette. "The Inscriptions on Pre-Norman Irish Reliquaries". ''Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy: Archaeology, Culture, History, Literature'', imleabhar 96C, ui. 1, 1996. JSTOR 25516156 * [[Rachel Moss (staraí ealaíne)|Moss, Rachel]]. ''Medieval c. 400—c. 1600: Art and Architecture of Ireland''. Londain: Yale University Press, 2014. {{ISBN|978-03-001-7919-4}} * &mdash;, ''The Book of Durrow''. Baile Átha Cliath: Trinity College Library; Londain: Thames and Hudson, 2018. ISBN 978-0-5002-9460-4 * Nordenfalk, Carl. ''Celtic and Anglo-Saxon Painting: Book illumination in the British Isles 600-800''. Chatto & Windus, Londain; Nua-Eabhrac: George Braziller, 1977 * O'Neill, Timothy. ''The Irish Hand: Scribes and Their Manuscripts From the Earliest Times''. Corcaigh: Cork University Press, 2014. {{ISBN|978-1-7820-5092-6}} * [[David M. Wilson|Wilson, David M.]], ''Anglo-Saxon Art: From The Seventh Century To The Norman Conquest'', Thames and Hudson; SAM Overlook Press, 1984 * Soderberg, John. "A Lost Cultural Exchange: Reconsidering the Bologna Shrine's Origin and Use". ''Proceedings of the Harvard Celtic Colloquium'', imleabhar 13, 1993. JSTOR 20557263 * Walther, Ingo. ''Codices Illustres''. Berlin: Taschen Verlag, 2014. ISBN 978-3-8365-5379-7 ==Naisc sheachtracha == * [http://www.tcd.ie/library/exhibitions/durrow/ Taispeántas ar líne], , Leabharlann Choláiste na Tríonóide *[https://manuscripts.catalogue.tcd.ie/CalmView/Record.aspx?src=CalmView.Catalog&id=IE+TCD+MS+57&pos=1 Iontráil catalóige] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180914204756/https://manuscripts.catalogue.tcd.ie/CalmView/Record.aspx?src=CalmView.Catalog&id=IE+TCD+MS+57&pos=1 |date=2018-09-14 }}, Leabharlann Choláiste na Tríonóide *[https://digitalcollections.tcd.ie/concern/works/wm117t53k?locale=en Digitithe], Leabharlann Choláiste na Tríonóide *[http://www.unc.edu/celtic/catalogue/manuscripts/durrow.html Iontráil catalóige] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050412085925/http://www.unc.edu/celtic/catalogue/manuscripts/durrow.html |date=2005-04-12 }}, University of North Carolina *[http://libmma.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/compoundobject/collection/p15324coll10/id/113771/rec/1 Treasures of early Irish art, 1500 B.C. to 1500 A.D.], Metropolitan Museum of Art; Book of Durrow (cat. no. 27) == Tagairtí == {{reflist}} [[Catagóir:Lámhscríbhinní Gaelacha na Meánaoise]] [[Catagóir:Leabharlann Choláiste na Tríonóide]] [[Catagóir:10ú haois in Éirinn]] jswnd98e1onpvvufajwzlcbccmsiak3 1320643 1320642 2026-07-15T14:15:37Z Marcas.oduinn 33120 /* Cúr síos */ Eagrú 1320643 wikitext text/x-wiki {{WD Bosca Sonraí Leabhar}} Is [[lámhscríbhinn dhathmhaisithe]] é ''' Leabhar Dharú,''' a théann siar go dtí c. 700, agus ann na ceithre [[Soiscéal]], agus as canúint Éireannach den [[Vulgáid]] i g[[cló na nOileán]].<ref name="m229">Moss (2014), lch. 229</ref> Pléitear fós idir bunús agus dáta an leabhair. Scríobhadh an leabhar i n[[Darú, Contae Uíbh Fhailí]] nó gar dó, suíomh bunaithe ag [[Colm Cille]] (c. 521-97). Moladh tráth gur scríobhadh é in [[ríocht Northumbria|Northumbria]], áit le naisc freisin le Colm Cille.<ref name="on14">O'Neill (2014), lch. 14</ref><ref>De Paor (1977), 96</ref> Tugann tuairiscí stairiúla le fios go raibh an lámhscríbhinn i Mainistir Dharú faoin mbliain 916, agus más fíor is ar cheann desna saothair dá leithéid is luaite atá ann.<ref name="m229"/> Tá an-chuid damáiste déanta dó thar na cianta.<ref name="m229"/> Caomhnaítear anois é i [[Leabharlann Choláiste na Tríonóide]] (TCD MS 57).<ref>{{lua idirlín |url=https://manuscripts.catalogue.tcd.ie/CalmView/Record.aspx?src=CalmView.Catalog&id=IE+TCD+MS+57&pos=1 |teideal=IE TCD MS 57 - Book of Durrow |foilsitheoir=Leabharlann Choláiste na Tríonóide |dátarochtana=14ú Meán Fómhair 2018 |archivedate=2018-09-14 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180914204756/https://manuscripts.catalogue.tcd.ie/CalmView/Record.aspx?src=CalmView.Catalog&id=IE+TCD+MS+57&pos=1 }}</ref> [[Íomhá:BookDurrowQuoniam.jpg | mion | Fóilió on Leabhar]] == Cúr síos == Is é an leabhar is sine dá leithéid atá ar marthain, céad bliain roimh [[Leabhar Cheanannais]]. Tá ann sa téacs [[Soiscéal]]ta [[Soiscéal Mhatha|Mhatha]], [[Soiscéal Mharcais|Mharcais]], [[Soiscéal Lúcáis|Lúcáis]] agus [[Soiscéal Eoin|Eoin]], chomh maith le tréithe ábhar eile agus [[táblaí canóna]]. Tá 248 fóilió párpháipéir ann, 245 le 145&nbsp;mm ar tomhas. Tá an-chuid maisithe ann, san áireamh sé [[leathanach cairpéid]],<ref name="on14" /> ceithre [[abhatáir Soiscéalaí]] agus sé leathanach shuntasacha le téacs maisithe. Scríobhadh é le [[Cló na nOileán]]. Tá roinnt [[Lacuna (lámhscríbhinn)|lacunae]] ann. Le himeacht ama, trí athchumhdú agus deisithe eile, tá athruithe tagtha ar ord na leathanach agus a méid.<!-- '' The page size has been reduced by subsequent rebindings, and most leaves are now single when unbound, where many or most would originally have been in "bifolia" or folded pairs. It is clear that some pages have been inserted in the wrong places.<ref name="on14" /> The main significance of this is that it is unclear if there was originally a seventh carpet page. Now Matthew does not have one, but there is, most unusually, one as the last page in the book. Perhaps there were only ever six: one at the start of the book with a cross, one opposite the next page with the four symbols (as now), and one opposite each individual symbol at the start of each gospel.<ref>Meehan (1996), ll. 30-38</ref> Otherwise the original programme of illumination seems to be complete, which is rare in manuscripts of this age.--><ref name="on14" /><ref>Meehan (1996), ll. 30-38</ref> == Stair == [[Íomhá:BookDurrowChiRoPage.jpg|mion|Leathanach le [[Chi-Rho]], Mhatha 1:18]] Tá an leabhar ainmhithe as an mainistir ag [[Darú, Contae Uíbh Fhailí|Darú]], [[Contae Uíbh Fhailí]], bunaithe ag [[Colm Cille]] agus é níos sine agus ina abb [[Oileán Í]]. Meastar gur scríobhadh an leabhar ann timpeall na bliana 700.<ref name="on14">O'Neill (2014), lch. 14</ref> Feictear sa cholafan nóta scriosta book (f. 247r) a mhaíonn gurbh é "Colm" an scríobhaí, an ó obair déanta aige in dhá lá dhéag. Is léir b'fhéidir an t-am seo le haghaidh soiscéil ansin, ach ní ceithre cinn le maisiú.<ref>Meehan (1996), ll. 26-28, 2</ref> Tá a fhios go deimhin gur choimisiúnaigh [[Flann Sinna]] (877-916), [[Ardrí na hÉireann]], [[cumhdach]] airgid don leabhar.<ref name="m29">Mitchell (1996), lch. 29</ref><ref name="on14" /> Is é an an cumhdach is luaite a bhfuil aithne air, cé anois caillte. Creidtear go raibh ann taise Cholm Cille.<ref>Mitchell (1996), ll. 28-29</ref> Ar leathanach bán, tá nóta scríofa ag an scríobhaí ar Darú, [[Flannchad Ua hEolais]], tuairim is an bhliain 1100, maidir le cad dlí.<ref name="m29">Mitchell (1996), lch. 29</ref> Tagann Leabhar Dharú tar éis an ''[[Gospel Book Fragment (Durham Cathedral Library, A. II. 10.)]]'' roimh [[Leabhar Lindisfarne]], a thosaíodh timpeall na bliana 700.<ref>{{cite book |title=The Lindisfarne Gospels: Society, Spirituality & the Scribe |last=Brown |first=Michelle |publisher=University of Toronto Press |year=2003 |location=Londain, The British Library}}</ref> == Dathmhaisiú == [[Íomhá:Book of Durrow folio 192v.png|mion|left|''Leathanach cairpéid le hainmhithe fite fuaite ina chéile]] Léiríonn dathmhaisiú an leabhair forbairt stíl na n-oileán. Is léir, mar shampla, nach raibh taithí ag an maisitheoir agus é ag iarraidh duine daonna a tharraingt. Tugtar "búcla ag siúl" ar a phríomh-iarraidh an Fear de Matha,<ref>Wilson, 34</ref> agus cuirtear éi gcomortaisi le fíor chré-umha le feiceáil ar buicéad as an Iorua.<ref>Meehan (1996), lch. 53 & maisiú lch. 35</ref> Tá vvv na n-ainmhithe fréamhaithe ó phatrúin mhíolchruthacha Gearmánacha agus íomhámná Íosa agus na Soiscéalaithe ó [[Cloch Chruithneach|clocha Cruithneacha]]. Is ionann méid na crosfhí agus an ''Durham fragment'', 'sé sin, níos mó ná [[Leabhar Lindisfarne]]. Is é i Leabhar Dharú a fheictear tús le borradh na maisithe Ceilteacha i leabhair na n-oileán. <!-- '' The page has animal interlace around the sides that is drawn from Germanic [[Migration Period]] [[Animal Style]] II, as found for example in the Anglo-Saxon jewellery at [[Sutton Hoo]], and on the [[Benty Grange hanging bowl]]. But the circular panel in the centre seems, although not as precisely as other parts of the book, to draw on Celtic sources, although the three white circles at the edge recall Germanic metalwork studs in enamel or other techniques.--> Baineann Leabhar Dharú leas as an scéime réamh-[[Vulgáid]] / [[Naomh Iaróm]] le haghaidh abhatáir na soiscéalaithe – fear do [[Matha Soiscéalaí|Mhatha]], [[iolar]] do [[Marcas Soiscéalaí|Mheascadh]] (ní an leon), [[lao]] do [[Lúcás Soiscéalaí|Lúcás]] agus [[leon]] d'[[Eoin Soiscéalaí|Eoin]] (ní an t-iolar). Tar éis gach leathanach soiscéalaí seachas Matha, tá leathanach cairpéid agus ansin leathanach túslitreach. B'fhéidir gur caillte é an leathanach ar iarraidh, nó is é go deimhin fóilió 3 mar atá inniu.<!-- Where the four symbols appear together on folio 2r they appear in the normal order if read clockwise, and in the pre-Vulgate order if read anti-clockwise, which may be deliberate.--><ref>Meehan (1996), ll. 43-44</ref> Tá gach túslitir méadaithe agus maisithe, agus tá poncanna thart timpeall na litreacha a leanann í. <!--Parallels with metalwork can be noted in the rectangular body of St Matthew, which looks like a [[millefiori]] decoration, and in details of the carpet pages. There is a sense of space in the design of all the pages of the Book of Durrow. Open [[vellum]] balances intensely decorated areas. Animal interlace of very high quality appears on fóilió 192v. -->I measc móitífeanna eile, tá bíseanna, [[tríchosóga]], trilseáin ribín agus snaidhmeanna ciorclacha sna leathanaigh chairpéid agus sna himill thart timpeall na soiscéalaithr. === Abhatáir na soiscéalaithe === <gallery widths="180" heights="200" perrow="4"> Íomhá:Meister des Book of Durrow 001.jpg|An Fear de [[Matha Soiscéalaí|Mhatha]] (fóilió 21v) Íomhá:BookDurrowOx.jpg|An Damh de [[Lúcás Soiscéalaí|Lúcás]] (fóilió 124v) Íomhá:BookOfDurrowLion.jpg|An Leon, anseo d'[[Eoin Soiscéalaí|Eoin]] (fóilió 191v)<!-- is ceart é seo, féach an téacs --> Íomhá:BookDurrowEagle.jpg|An tIolar, anseo de [[Marcas Soiscéalaí|Mharcas]] (fóilió 84v) </gallery> === Leathanaigh cairpéid === <gallery widths="180px" heights="220px" perrow="4"> Íomhá:BookDurrowCarpetPage.jpg|Fóilió 85v Íomhá:BookDurrowCarpetPage5.jpg|Fóilió 125v Íomhá:DurrowFol001vCarpetPage.jpg|Fóilió 1v (le pollta) Íomhá:BookDurrowCarpetPage2.png|Fóilió ? </gallery> == Caomhnú == Le dúnadh na mainistreach sa 16ú haois, glacadh seilbh príobháideach ar an leabhar. Fuair [[James Ussher]] ar iasacht é agus rinne staidéar air, is dúchas agus é ina [[easpag na Mí]] ón mbliain 1621 go dtí 1623. Tháinig an leabhar slán in ainneoin roinnt eachtraí, san áireamh feirmeoir éigin a chuir in uisce é chun uisce coisricthe a dhéanamh chun a bha a leigheasadh. Am éigin idir na blianta 1661 go dtí 1682, thug easpag na Mí [[Henry Jones (bishop)|Henry Jones]] an leabhar úd agus [[Leabhar Cheanannais]] don leabharlann i Coláiste na Tríonóide. Cailleadh idir an cumhdach agus an clúdach le linn forghabhálacha sa bhliain 1689.<ref>Meehan (1996), ll. 13-16</ref><ref name="on14" />. Feictear cur síos ar an gcumhdach i nóta scríofa sa bhliain 1677, ar fhóilió IIv anois.<ref>Meehan (1996), lch. 13</ref> == Foinsí == * Calkins, Robert G. ''Illuminated Books of the Middle Ages''. Ithaca, Nua-Eabhrac: Cornell University Press, 1983. * De Paor, Liam. "The Christian Triumph: The Golden Age". * Meehan, Bernard. ''The Book of Durrow: A Medieval Masterpiece at Trinity College Dublin'', 1996, Town House, Baile Átha Cliath, {{ISBN|1-57098-053-5}} * Mitchell, Perette. "The Inscriptions on Pre-Norman Irish Reliquaries". ''Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy: Archaeology, Culture, History, Literature'', imleabhar 96C, ui. 1, 1996. JSTOR 25516156 * [[Rachel Moss (staraí ealaíne)|Moss, Rachel]]. ''Medieval c. 400—c. 1600: Art and Architecture of Ireland''. Londain: Yale University Press, 2014. {{ISBN|978-03-001-7919-4}} * &mdash;, ''The Book of Durrow''. Baile Átha Cliath: Trinity College Library; Londain: Thames and Hudson, 2018. ISBN 978-0-5002-9460-4 * Nordenfalk, Carl. ''Celtic and Anglo-Saxon Painting: Book illumination in the British Isles 600-800''. Chatto & Windus, Londain; Nua-Eabhrac: George Braziller, 1977 * O'Neill, Timothy. ''The Irish Hand: Scribes and Their Manuscripts From the Earliest Times''. Corcaigh: Cork University Press, 2014. {{ISBN|978-1-7820-5092-6}} * [[David M. Wilson|Wilson, David M.]], ''Anglo-Saxon Art: From The Seventh Century To The Norman Conquest'', Thames and Hudson; SAM Overlook Press, 1984 * Soderberg, John. "A Lost Cultural Exchange: Reconsidering the Bologna Shrine's Origin and Use". ''Proceedings of the Harvard Celtic Colloquium'', imleabhar 13, 1993. JSTOR 20557263 * Walther, Ingo. ''Codices Illustres''. Berlin: Taschen Verlag, 2014. ISBN 978-3-8365-5379-7 ==Naisc sheachtracha == * [http://www.tcd.ie/library/exhibitions/durrow/ Taispeántas ar líne], , Leabharlann Choláiste na Tríonóide *[https://manuscripts.catalogue.tcd.ie/CalmView/Record.aspx?src=CalmView.Catalog&id=IE+TCD+MS+57&pos=1 Iontráil catalóige] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180914204756/https://manuscripts.catalogue.tcd.ie/CalmView/Record.aspx?src=CalmView.Catalog&id=IE+TCD+MS+57&pos=1 |date=2018-09-14 }}, Leabharlann Choláiste na Tríonóide *[https://digitalcollections.tcd.ie/concern/works/wm117t53k?locale=en Digitithe], Leabharlann Choláiste na Tríonóide *[http://www.unc.edu/celtic/catalogue/manuscripts/durrow.html Iontráil catalóige] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050412085925/http://www.unc.edu/celtic/catalogue/manuscripts/durrow.html |date=2005-04-12 }}, University of North Carolina *[http://libmma.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/compoundobject/collection/p15324coll10/id/113771/rec/1 Treasures of early Irish art, 1500 B.C. to 1500 A.D.], Metropolitan Museum of Art; Book of Durrow (cat. no. 27) == Tagairtí == {{reflist}} [[Catagóir:Lámhscríbhinní Gaelacha na Meánaoise]] [[Catagóir:Leabharlann Choláiste na Tríonóide]] [[Catagóir:10ú haois in Éirinn]] ihhvrrpvy0jv6ihfm7qma0famenf0zw 1320657 1320643 2026-07-15T16:29:53Z Marcas.oduinn 33120 /* Stair */ Eagrú 1320657 wikitext text/x-wiki {{WD Bosca Sonraí Leabhar}} Is [[lámhscríbhinn dhathmhaisithe]] é ''' Leabhar Dharú,''' a théann siar go dtí c. 700, agus ann na ceithre [[Soiscéal]], agus as canúint Éireannach den [[Vulgáid]] i g[[cló na nOileán]].<ref name="m229">Moss (2014), lch. 229</ref> Pléitear fós idir bunús agus dáta an leabhair. Scríobhadh an leabhar i n[[Darú, Contae Uíbh Fhailí]] nó gar dó, suíomh bunaithe ag [[Colm Cille]] (c. 521-97). Moladh tráth gur scríobhadh é in [[ríocht Northumbria|Northumbria]], áit le naisc freisin le Colm Cille.<ref name="on14">O'Neill (2014), lch. 14</ref><ref>De Paor (1977), 96</ref> Tugann tuairiscí stairiúla le fios go raibh an lámhscríbhinn i Mainistir Dharú faoin mbliain 916, agus más fíor is ar cheann desna saothair dá leithéid is luaite atá ann.<ref name="m229"/> Tá an-chuid damáiste déanta dó thar na cianta.<ref name="m229"/> Caomhnaítear anois é i [[Leabharlann Choláiste na Tríonóide]] (TCD MS 57).<ref>{{lua idirlín |url=https://manuscripts.catalogue.tcd.ie/CalmView/Record.aspx?src=CalmView.Catalog&id=IE+TCD+MS+57&pos=1 |teideal=IE TCD MS 57 - Book of Durrow |foilsitheoir=Leabharlann Choláiste na Tríonóide |dátarochtana=14ú Meán Fómhair 2018 |archivedate=2018-09-14 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180914204756/https://manuscripts.catalogue.tcd.ie/CalmView/Record.aspx?src=CalmView.Catalog&id=IE+TCD+MS+57&pos=1 }}</ref> [[Íomhá:BookDurrowQuoniam.jpg | mion | Fóilió on Leabhar]] == Cúr síos == Is é an leabhar is sine dá leithéid atá ar marthain, céad bliain roimh [[Leabhar Cheanannais]]. Tá ann sa téacs [[Soiscéal]]ta [[Soiscéal Mhatha|Mhatha]], [[Soiscéal Mharcais|Mharcais]], [[Soiscéal Lúcáis|Lúcáis]] agus [[Soiscéal Eoin|Eoin]], chomh maith le tréithe ábhar eile agus [[táblaí canóna]]. Tá 248 fóilió párpháipéir ann, 245 le 145&nbsp;mm ar tomhas. Tá an-chuid maisithe ann, san áireamh sé [[leathanach cairpéid]],<ref name="on14" /> ceithre [[abhatáir Soiscéalaí]] agus sé leathanach shuntasacha le téacs maisithe. Scríobhadh é le [[Cló na nOileán]]. Tá roinnt [[Lacuna (lámhscríbhinn)|lacunae]] ann. Le himeacht ama, trí athchumhdú agus deisithe eile, tá athruithe tagtha ar ord na leathanach agus a méid.<!-- '' The page size has been reduced by subsequent rebindings, and most leaves are now single when unbound, where many or most would originally have been in "bifolia" or folded pairs. It is clear that some pages have been inserted in the wrong places.<ref name="on14" /> The main significance of this is that it is unclear if there was originally a seventh carpet page. Now Matthew does not have one, but there is, most unusually, one as the last page in the book. Perhaps there were only ever six: one at the start of the book with a cross, one opposite the next page with the four symbols (as now), and one opposite each individual symbol at the start of each gospel.<ref>Meehan (1996), ll. 30-38</ref> Otherwise the original programme of illumination seems to be complete, which is rare in manuscripts of this age.--><ref name="on14" /><ref>Meehan (1996), ll. 30-38</ref> == Stair == [[Íomhá:BookDurrowChiRoPage.jpg|mion|Leathanach le [[Chi-Rho]], Mhatha 1:18]] Tá an leabhar ainmhithe as an mainistir ag [[Darú, Contae Uíbh Fhailí|Darú]], [[Contae Uíbh Fhailí]], bunaithe ag [[Colm Cille]] agus é níos sine agus ina abb [[Oileán Í]]. Meastar gur scríobhadh an leabhar ann timpeall na bliana 700.<ref name="on14">O'Neill (2014), lch. 14</ref> Feictear sa cholafan nóta scriosta (f. 247r) a mhaíonn gurbh é "Colm" an scríobhaí, agus an obair déanta aige laistigh de dhá lá déag. B'fhéidir is leor an t-am seo le haghaidh soiscéil amháin, ach ní ceithre cinn.<ref>Meehan (1996), ll. 26-28, 2</ref> Tá a fhios go deimhin gur choimisiúnaigh [[Flann Sinna]] (877-916), [[Ardrí na hÉireann]], [[cumhdach]] airgid don leabhar.<ref name="m29">Mitchell (1996), lch. 29</ref><ref name="on14" /> Is é sin an an cumhdach is luaite a bhfuil aithne air, cé anois caillte. Creidtear go raibh ann taise Cholm Cille.<ref>Mitchell (1996), ll. 28-29</ref> Ar leathanach bán, tá nóta scríofa ag an scríobhaí ar Dharú, [[Flannchad Ua hEolais]], tuairim is an bhliain 1100, maidir le cód dlí.<ref name="m29">Mitchell (1996), lch. 29</ref> Tagann Leabhar Dharú tar éis an ''[[Gospel Book Fragment (Durham Cathedral Library, A. II. 10.)]]'' roimh [[Leabhar Lindisfarne]], a tosaíodh timpeall na bliana 700.<ref>{{cite book | title=The Lindisfarne Gospels: Society, Spirituality & the Scribe | last=Brown | first=Michelle |publisher=University of Toronto Press |year=2003 | location=Londain, The British Library}}</ref> == Dathmhaisiú == [[Íomhá:Book of Durrow folio 192v.png|mion|left|''Leathanach cairpéid le hainmhithe fite fuaite ina chéile]] Léiríonn dathmhaisiú an leabhair forbairt stíl na n-oileán. Is léir, mar shampla, nach raibh taithí ag an maisitheoir agus é ag iarraidh duine daonna a tharraingt. Tugtar "búcla ag siúl" ar a phríomh-iarraidh an Fear de Matha,<ref>Wilson, 34</ref> agus cuirtear éi gcomortaisi le fíor chré-umha le feiceáil ar buicéad as an Iorua.<ref>Meehan (1996), lch. 53 & maisiú lch. 35</ref> Tá vvv na n-ainmhithe fréamhaithe ó phatrúin mhíolchruthacha Gearmánacha agus íomhámná Íosa agus na Soiscéalaithe ó [[Cloch Chruithneach|clocha Cruithneacha]]. Is ionann méid na crosfhí agus an ''Durham fragment'', 'sé sin, níos mó ná [[Leabhar Lindisfarne]]. Is é i Leabhar Dharú a fheictear tús le borradh na maisithe Ceilteacha i leabhair na n-oileán. <!-- '' The page has animal interlace around the sides that is drawn from Germanic [[Migration Period]] [[Animal Style]] II, as found for example in the Anglo-Saxon jewellery at [[Sutton Hoo]], and on the [[Benty Grange hanging bowl]]. But the circular panel in the centre seems, although not as precisely as other parts of the book, to draw on Celtic sources, although the three white circles at the edge recall Germanic metalwork studs in enamel or other techniques.--> Baineann Leabhar Dharú leas as an scéime réamh-[[Vulgáid]] / [[Naomh Iaróm]] le haghaidh abhatáir na soiscéalaithe – fear do [[Matha Soiscéalaí|Mhatha]], [[iolar]] do [[Marcas Soiscéalaí|Mheascadh]] (ní an leon), [[lao]] do [[Lúcás Soiscéalaí|Lúcás]] agus [[leon]] d'[[Eoin Soiscéalaí|Eoin]] (ní an t-iolar). Tar éis gach leathanach soiscéalaí seachas Matha, tá leathanach cairpéid agus ansin leathanach túslitreach. B'fhéidir gur caillte é an leathanach ar iarraidh, nó is é go deimhin fóilió 3 mar atá inniu.<!-- Where the four symbols appear together on folio 2r they appear in the normal order if read clockwise, and in the pre-Vulgate order if read anti-clockwise, which may be deliberate.--><ref>Meehan (1996), ll. 43-44</ref> Tá gach túslitir méadaithe agus maisithe, agus tá poncanna thart timpeall na litreacha a leanann í. <!--Parallels with metalwork can be noted in the rectangular body of St Matthew, which looks like a [[millefiori]] decoration, and in details of the carpet pages. There is a sense of space in the design of all the pages of the Book of Durrow. Open [[vellum]] balances intensely decorated areas. Animal interlace of very high quality appears on fóilió 192v. -->I measc móitífeanna eile, tá bíseanna, [[tríchosóga]], trilseáin ribín agus snaidhmeanna ciorclacha sna leathanaigh chairpéid agus sna himill thart timpeall na soiscéalaithr. === Abhatáir na soiscéalaithe === <gallery widths="180" heights="200" perrow="4"> Íomhá:Meister des Book of Durrow 001.jpg|An Fear de [[Matha Soiscéalaí|Mhatha]] (fóilió 21v) Íomhá:BookDurrowOx.jpg|An Damh de [[Lúcás Soiscéalaí|Lúcás]] (fóilió 124v) Íomhá:BookOfDurrowLion.jpg|An Leon, anseo d'[[Eoin Soiscéalaí|Eoin]] (fóilió 191v)<!-- is ceart é seo, féach an téacs --> Íomhá:BookDurrowEagle.jpg|An tIolar, anseo de [[Marcas Soiscéalaí|Mharcas]] (fóilió 84v) </gallery> === Leathanaigh cairpéid === <gallery widths="180px" heights="220px" perrow="4"> Íomhá:BookDurrowCarpetPage.jpg|Fóilió 85v Íomhá:BookDurrowCarpetPage5.jpg|Fóilió 125v Íomhá:DurrowFol001vCarpetPage.jpg|Fóilió 1v (le pollta) Íomhá:BookDurrowCarpetPage2.png|Fóilió ? </gallery> == Caomhnú == Le dúnadh na mainistreach sa 16ú haois, glacadh seilbh príobháideach ar an leabhar. Fuair [[James Ussher]] ar iasacht é agus rinne staidéar air, is dúchas agus é ina [[easpag na Mí]] ón mbliain 1621 go dtí 1623. Tháinig an leabhar slán in ainneoin roinnt eachtraí, san áireamh feirmeoir éigin a chuir in uisce é chun uisce coisricthe a dhéanamh chun a bha a leigheasadh. Am éigin idir na blianta 1661 go dtí 1682, thug easpag na Mí [[Henry Jones (bishop)|Henry Jones]] an leabhar úd agus [[Leabhar Cheanannais]] don leabharlann i Coláiste na Tríonóide. Cailleadh idir an cumhdach agus an clúdach le linn forghabhálacha sa bhliain 1689.<ref>Meehan (1996), ll. 13-16</ref><ref name="on14" />. Feictear cur síos ar an gcumhdach i nóta scríofa sa bhliain 1677, ar fhóilió IIv anois.<ref>Meehan (1996), lch. 13</ref> == Foinsí == * Calkins, Robert G. ''Illuminated Books of the Middle Ages''. Ithaca, Nua-Eabhrac: Cornell University Press, 1983. * De Paor, Liam. "The Christian Triumph: The Golden Age". * Meehan, Bernard. ''The Book of Durrow: A Medieval Masterpiece at Trinity College Dublin'', 1996, Town House, Baile Átha Cliath, {{ISBN|1-57098-053-5}} * Mitchell, Perette. "The Inscriptions on Pre-Norman Irish Reliquaries". ''Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy: Archaeology, Culture, History, Literature'', imleabhar 96C, ui. 1, 1996. JSTOR 25516156 * [[Rachel Moss (staraí ealaíne)|Moss, Rachel]]. ''Medieval c. 400—c. 1600: Art and Architecture of Ireland''. Londain: Yale University Press, 2014. {{ISBN|978-03-001-7919-4}} * &mdash;, ''The Book of Durrow''. Baile Átha Cliath: Trinity College Library; Londain: Thames and Hudson, 2018. ISBN 978-0-5002-9460-4 * Nordenfalk, Carl. ''Celtic and Anglo-Saxon Painting: Book illumination in the British Isles 600-800''. Chatto & Windus, Londain; Nua-Eabhrac: George Braziller, 1977 * O'Neill, Timothy. ''The Irish Hand: Scribes and Their Manuscripts From the Earliest Times''. Corcaigh: Cork University Press, 2014. {{ISBN|978-1-7820-5092-6}} * [[David M. Wilson|Wilson, David M.]], ''Anglo-Saxon Art: From The Seventh Century To The Norman Conquest'', Thames and Hudson; SAM Overlook Press, 1984 * Soderberg, John. "A Lost Cultural Exchange: Reconsidering the Bologna Shrine's Origin and Use". ''Proceedings of the Harvard Celtic Colloquium'', imleabhar 13, 1993. JSTOR 20557263 * Walther, Ingo. ''Codices Illustres''. Berlin: Taschen Verlag, 2014. ISBN 978-3-8365-5379-7 ==Naisc sheachtracha == * [http://www.tcd.ie/library/exhibitions/durrow/ Taispeántas ar líne], , Leabharlann Choláiste na Tríonóide *[https://manuscripts.catalogue.tcd.ie/CalmView/Record.aspx?src=CalmView.Catalog&id=IE+TCD+MS+57&pos=1 Iontráil catalóige] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180914204756/https://manuscripts.catalogue.tcd.ie/CalmView/Record.aspx?src=CalmView.Catalog&id=IE+TCD+MS+57&pos=1 |date=2018-09-14 }}, Leabharlann Choláiste na Tríonóide *[https://digitalcollections.tcd.ie/concern/works/wm117t53k?locale=en Digitithe], Leabharlann Choláiste na Tríonóide *[http://www.unc.edu/celtic/catalogue/manuscripts/durrow.html Iontráil catalóige] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050412085925/http://www.unc.edu/celtic/catalogue/manuscripts/durrow.html |date=2005-04-12 }}, University of North Carolina *[http://libmma.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/compoundobject/collection/p15324coll10/id/113771/rec/1 Treasures of early Irish art, 1500 B.C. to 1500 A.D.], Metropolitan Museum of Art; Book of Durrow (cat. no. 27) == Tagairtí == {{reflist}} [[Catagóir:Lámhscríbhinní Gaelacha na Meánaoise]] [[Catagóir:Leabharlann Choláiste na Tríonóide]] [[Catagóir:10ú haois in Éirinn]] josaefzjtgju4hiilmtkht0psap6hbl 1320662 1320657 2026-07-15T16:37:26Z Marcas.oduinn 33120 /* Dathmhaisiú */ Eagrú 1320662 wikitext text/x-wiki {{WD Bosca Sonraí Leabhar}} Is [[lámhscríbhinn dhathmhaisithe]] é ''' Leabhar Dharú,''' a théann siar go dtí c. 700, agus ann na ceithre [[Soiscéal]], agus as canúint Éireannach den [[Vulgáid]] i g[[cló na nOileán]].<ref name="m229">Moss (2014), lch. 229</ref> Pléitear fós idir bunús agus dáta an leabhair. Scríobhadh an leabhar i n[[Darú, Contae Uíbh Fhailí]] nó gar dó, suíomh bunaithe ag [[Colm Cille]] (c. 521-97). Moladh tráth gur scríobhadh é in [[ríocht Northumbria|Northumbria]], áit le naisc freisin le Colm Cille.<ref name="on14">O'Neill (2014), lch. 14</ref><ref>De Paor (1977), 96</ref> Tugann tuairiscí stairiúla le fios go raibh an lámhscríbhinn i Mainistir Dharú faoin mbliain 916, agus más fíor is ar cheann desna saothair dá leithéid is luaite atá ann.<ref name="m229"/> Tá an-chuid damáiste déanta dó thar na cianta.<ref name="m229"/> Caomhnaítear anois é i [[Leabharlann Choláiste na Tríonóide]] (TCD MS 57).<ref>{{lua idirlín |url=https://manuscripts.catalogue.tcd.ie/CalmView/Record.aspx?src=CalmView.Catalog&id=IE+TCD+MS+57&pos=1 |teideal=IE TCD MS 57 - Book of Durrow |foilsitheoir=Leabharlann Choláiste na Tríonóide |dátarochtana=14ú Meán Fómhair 2018 |archivedate=2018-09-14 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180914204756/https://manuscripts.catalogue.tcd.ie/CalmView/Record.aspx?src=CalmView.Catalog&id=IE+TCD+MS+57&pos=1 }}</ref> [[Íomhá:BookDurrowQuoniam.jpg | mion | Fóilió on Leabhar]] == Cúr síos == Is é an leabhar is sine dá leithéid atá ar marthain, céad bliain roimh [[Leabhar Cheanannais]]. Tá ann sa téacs [[Soiscéal]]ta [[Soiscéal Mhatha|Mhatha]], [[Soiscéal Mharcais|Mharcais]], [[Soiscéal Lúcáis|Lúcáis]] agus [[Soiscéal Eoin|Eoin]], chomh maith le tréithe ábhar eile agus [[táblaí canóna]]. Tá 248 fóilió párpháipéir ann, 245 le 145&nbsp;mm ar tomhas. Tá an-chuid maisithe ann, san áireamh sé [[leathanach cairpéid]],<ref name="on14" /> ceithre [[abhatáir Soiscéalaí]] agus sé leathanach shuntasacha le téacs maisithe. Scríobhadh é le [[Cló na nOileán]]. Tá roinnt [[Lacuna (lámhscríbhinn)|lacunae]] ann. Le himeacht ama, trí athchumhdú agus deisithe eile, tá athruithe tagtha ar ord na leathanach agus a méid.<!-- '' The page size has been reduced by subsequent rebindings, and most leaves are now single when unbound, where many or most would originally have been in "bifolia" or folded pairs. It is clear that some pages have been inserted in the wrong places.<ref name="on14" /> The main significance of this is that it is unclear if there was originally a seventh carpet page. Now Matthew does not have one, but there is, most unusually, one as the last page in the book. Perhaps there were only ever six: one at the start of the book with a cross, one opposite the next page with the four symbols (as now), and one opposite each individual symbol at the start of each gospel.<ref>Meehan (1996), ll. 30-38</ref> Otherwise the original programme of illumination seems to be complete, which is rare in manuscripts of this age.--><ref name="on14" /><ref>Meehan (1996), ll. 30-38</ref> == Stair == [[Íomhá:BookDurrowChiRoPage.jpg|mion|Leathanach le [[Chi-Rho]], Mhatha 1:18]] Tá an leabhar ainmhithe as an mainistir ag [[Darú, Contae Uíbh Fhailí|Darú]], [[Contae Uíbh Fhailí]], bunaithe ag [[Colm Cille]] agus é níos sine agus ina abb [[Oileán Í]]. Meastar gur scríobhadh an leabhar ann timpeall na bliana 700.<ref name="on14">O'Neill (2014), lch. 14</ref> Feictear sa cholafan nóta scriosta (f. 247r) a mhaíonn gurbh é "Colm" an scríobhaí, agus an obair déanta aige laistigh de dhá lá déag. B'fhéidir is leor an t-am seo le haghaidh soiscéil amháin, ach ní ceithre cinn.<ref>Meehan (1996), ll. 26-28, 2</ref> Tá a fhios go deimhin gur choimisiúnaigh [[Flann Sinna]] (877-916), [[Ardrí na hÉireann]], [[cumhdach]] airgid don leabhar.<ref name="m29">Mitchell (1996), lch. 29</ref><ref name="on14" /> Is é sin an an cumhdach is luaite a bhfuil aithne air, cé anois caillte. Creidtear go raibh ann taise Cholm Cille.<ref>Mitchell (1996), ll. 28-29</ref> Ar leathanach bán, tá nóta scríofa ag an scríobhaí ar Dharú, [[Flannchad Ua hEolais]], tuairim is an bhliain 1100, maidir le cód dlí.<ref name="m29">Mitchell (1996), lch. 29</ref> Tagann Leabhar Dharú tar éis an ''[[Gospel Book Fragment (Durham Cathedral Library, A. II. 10.)]]'' roimh [[Leabhar Lindisfarne]], a tosaíodh timpeall na bliana 700.<ref>{{cite book | title=The Lindisfarne Gospels: Society, Spirituality & the Scribe | last=Brown | first=Michelle |publisher=University of Toronto Press |year=2003 | location=Londain, The British Library}}</ref> == Dathmhaisiú == [[Íomhá:Book of Durrow folio 192v.png|mion|left|''Leathanach cairpéid le hainmhithe fite fuaite ina chéile]] Léiríonn dathmhaisiú an leabhair forbairt stíl na n-oileán. Is léir, mar shampla, nach raibh taithí ag an maisitheoir agus é ag iarraidh duine daonna a tharraingt. Tugtar "búcla ag siúl" ar a phríomh-iarraidh, an Fear de Mhatha,<ref>Wilson, 34</ref> agus cuirtear é i gcomórtas le fear chré-umha le feiceáil ar buicéad as an Iorua.<ref>Meehan (1996), lch. 53 & maisiú lch. 35</ref> Tá íocónagrafaíocht na n-ainmhithe fréamhaithe ó phatrúin mhíolchruthacha Gearmánacha, ó íomhámná Íosa agus na Soiscéalaithe ó [[Cloch Chruithneach|cjlocha Cruithneacha]]. Is ionann méid na crosfhí agus an ''Durham fragment'', 'sé sin, níos mó ná [[Leabhar Lindisfarne]]. Is é i Leabhar Dharú a fheictear tús le borradh na maisithe Ceilteacha i leabhair na n-oileán. <!-- '' The page has animal interlace around the sides that is drawn from Germanic [[Migration Period]] [[Animal Style]] II, as found for example in the Anglo-Saxon jewellery at [[Sutton Hoo]], and on the [[Benty Grange hanging bowl]]. But the circular panel in the centre seems, although not as precisely as other parts of the book, to draw on Celtic sources, although the three white circles at the edge recall Germanic metalwork studs in enamel or other techniques.--> Baineann Leabhar Dharú leas as an scéime réamh-[[Vulgáid]] / [[Naomh Iaróm]] le haghaidh abhatáir na soiscéalaithe – fear do [[Matha Soiscéalaí|Mhatha]], [[iolar]] do [[Marcas Soiscéalaí|Mheascadh]] (ní an leon), [[lao]] do [[Lúcás Soiscéalaí|Lúcás]] agus [[leon]] d'[[Eoin Soiscéalaí|Eoin]] (ní an t-iolar). Tar éis gach leathanach soiscéalaí seachas Matha, tá leathanach cairpéid agus ansin leathanach túslitreach. B'fhéidir gur caillte é an leathanach ar iarraidh, nó is é go deimhin fóilió 3 mar atá inniu.<!-- Where the four symbols appear together on folio 2r they appear in the normal order if read clockwise, and in the pre-Vulgate order if read anti-clockwise, which may be deliberate.--><ref>Meehan (1996), ll. 43-44</ref> Tá gach túslitir méadaithe agus maisithe, agus tá poncanna thart timpeall na litreacha a leanann í. <!--Parallels with metalwork can be noted in the rectangular body of St Matthew, which looks like a [[millefiori]] decoration, and in details of the carpet pages. There is a sense of space in the design of all the pages of the Book of Durrow. Open [[vellum]] balances intensely decorated areas. Animal interlace of very high quality appears on fóilió 192v. -->I measc móitífeanna eile, tá bíseanna, [[tríchosóga]], trilseáin ribín agus snaidhmeanna ciorclacha sna leathanaigh chairpéid agus sna himill thart timpeall na soiscéalaithr. === Abhatáir na soiscéalaithe === <gallery widths="180" heights="200" perrow="4"> Íomhá:Meister des Book of Durrow 001.jpg|An Fear de [[Matha Soiscéalaí|Mhatha]] (fóilió 21v) Íomhá:BookDurrowOx.jpg|An Damh de [[Lúcás Soiscéalaí|Lúcás]] (fóilió 124v) Íomhá:BookOfDurrowLion.jpg|An Leon, anseo d'[[Eoin Soiscéalaí|Eoin]] (fóilió 191v)<!-- is ceart é seo, féach an téacs --> Íomhá:BookDurrowEagle.jpg|An tIolar, anseo de [[Marcas Soiscéalaí|Mharcas]] (fóilió 84v) </gallery> === Leathanaigh cairpéid === <gallery widths="180px" heights="220px" perrow="4"> Íomhá:BookDurrowCarpetPage.jpg|Fóilió 85v Íomhá:BookDurrowCarpetPage5.jpg|Fóilió 125v Íomhá:DurrowFol001vCarpetPage.jpg|Fóilió 1v (le pollta) Íomhá:BookDurrowCarpetPage2.png|Fóilió ? </gallery> == Caomhnú == Le dúnadh na mainistreach sa 16ú haois, glacadh seilbh príobháideach ar an leabhar. Fuair [[James Ussher]] ar iasacht é agus rinne staidéar air, is dúchas agus é ina [[easpag na Mí]] ón mbliain 1621 go dtí 1623. Tháinig an leabhar slán in ainneoin roinnt eachtraí, san áireamh feirmeoir éigin a chuir in uisce é chun uisce coisricthe a dhéanamh chun a bha a leigheasadh. Am éigin idir na blianta 1661 go dtí 1682, thug easpag na Mí [[Henry Jones (bishop)|Henry Jones]] an leabhar úd agus [[Leabhar Cheanannais]] don leabharlann i Coláiste na Tríonóide. Cailleadh idir an cumhdach agus an clúdach le linn forghabhálacha sa bhliain 1689.<ref>Meehan (1996), ll. 13-16</ref><ref name="on14" />. Feictear cur síos ar an gcumhdach i nóta scríofa sa bhliain 1677, ar fhóilió IIv anois.<ref>Meehan (1996), lch. 13</ref> == Foinsí == * Calkins, Robert G. ''Illuminated Books of the Middle Ages''. Ithaca, Nua-Eabhrac: Cornell University Press, 1983. * De Paor, Liam. "The Christian Triumph: The Golden Age". * Meehan, Bernard. ''The Book of Durrow: A Medieval Masterpiece at Trinity College Dublin'', 1996, Town House, Baile Átha Cliath, {{ISBN|1-57098-053-5}} * Mitchell, Perette. "The Inscriptions on Pre-Norman Irish Reliquaries". ''Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy: Archaeology, Culture, History, Literature'', imleabhar 96C, ui. 1, 1996. JSTOR 25516156 * [[Rachel Moss (staraí ealaíne)|Moss, Rachel]]. ''Medieval c. 400—c. 1600: Art and Architecture of Ireland''. Londain: Yale University Press, 2014. {{ISBN|978-03-001-7919-4}} * &mdash;, ''The Book of Durrow''. Baile Átha Cliath: Trinity College Library; Londain: Thames and Hudson, 2018. ISBN 978-0-5002-9460-4 * Nordenfalk, Carl. ''Celtic and Anglo-Saxon Painting: Book illumination in the British Isles 600-800''. Chatto & Windus, Londain; Nua-Eabhrac: George Braziller, 1977 * O'Neill, Timothy. ''The Irish Hand: Scribes and Their Manuscripts From the Earliest Times''. Corcaigh: Cork University Press, 2014. {{ISBN|978-1-7820-5092-6}} * [[David M. Wilson|Wilson, David M.]], ''Anglo-Saxon Art: From The Seventh Century To The Norman Conquest'', Thames and Hudson; SAM Overlook Press, 1984 * Soderberg, John. "A Lost Cultural Exchange: Reconsidering the Bologna Shrine's Origin and Use". ''Proceedings of the Harvard Celtic Colloquium'', imleabhar 13, 1993. JSTOR 20557263 * Walther, Ingo. ''Codices Illustres''. Berlin: Taschen Verlag, 2014. ISBN 978-3-8365-5379-7 ==Naisc sheachtracha == * [http://www.tcd.ie/library/exhibitions/durrow/ Taispeántas ar líne], , Leabharlann Choláiste na Tríonóide *[https://manuscripts.catalogue.tcd.ie/CalmView/Record.aspx?src=CalmView.Catalog&id=IE+TCD+MS+57&pos=1 Iontráil catalóige] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180914204756/https://manuscripts.catalogue.tcd.ie/CalmView/Record.aspx?src=CalmView.Catalog&id=IE+TCD+MS+57&pos=1 |date=2018-09-14 }}, Leabharlann Choláiste na Tríonóide *[https://digitalcollections.tcd.ie/concern/works/wm117t53k?locale=en Digitithe], Leabharlann Choláiste na Tríonóide *[http://www.unc.edu/celtic/catalogue/manuscripts/durrow.html Iontráil catalóige] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050412085925/http://www.unc.edu/celtic/catalogue/manuscripts/durrow.html |date=2005-04-12 }}, University of North Carolina *[http://libmma.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/compoundobject/collection/p15324coll10/id/113771/rec/1 Treasures of early Irish art, 1500 B.C. to 1500 A.D.], Metropolitan Museum of Art; Book of Durrow (cat. no. 27) == Tagairtí == {{reflist}} [[Catagóir:Lámhscríbhinní Gaelacha na Meánaoise]] [[Catagóir:Leabharlann Choláiste na Tríonóide]] [[Catagóir:10ú haois in Éirinn]] 4vxefrrv7g4d2dxov3et0ze7pt4e0fn 1320665 1320662 2026-07-15T16:41:38Z Marcas.oduinn 33120 /* Tagairtí */ Cumhdaigh 1320665 wikitext text/x-wiki {{WD Bosca Sonraí Leabhar}} Is [[lámhscríbhinn dhathmhaisithe]] é ''' Leabhar Dharú,''' a théann siar go dtí c. 700, agus ann na ceithre [[Soiscéal]], agus as canúint Éireannach den [[Vulgáid]] i g[[cló na nOileán]].<ref name="m229">Moss (2014), lch. 229</ref> Pléitear fós idir bunús agus dáta an leabhair. Scríobhadh an leabhar i n[[Darú, Contae Uíbh Fhailí]] nó gar dó, suíomh bunaithe ag [[Colm Cille]] (c. 521-97). Moladh tráth gur scríobhadh é in [[ríocht Northumbria|Northumbria]], áit le naisc freisin le Colm Cille.<ref name="on14">O'Neill (2014), lch. 14</ref><ref>De Paor (1977), 96</ref> Tugann tuairiscí stairiúla le fios go raibh an lámhscríbhinn i Mainistir Dharú faoin mbliain 916, agus más fíor is ar cheann desna saothair dá leithéid is luaite atá ann.<ref name="m229"/> Tá an-chuid damáiste déanta dó thar na cianta.<ref name="m229"/> Caomhnaítear anois é i [[Leabharlann Choláiste na Tríonóide]] (TCD MS 57).<ref>{{lua idirlín |url=https://manuscripts.catalogue.tcd.ie/CalmView/Record.aspx?src=CalmView.Catalog&id=IE+TCD+MS+57&pos=1 |teideal=IE TCD MS 57 - Book of Durrow |foilsitheoir=Leabharlann Choláiste na Tríonóide |dátarochtana=14ú Meán Fómhair 2018 |archivedate=2018-09-14 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180914204756/https://manuscripts.catalogue.tcd.ie/CalmView/Record.aspx?src=CalmView.Catalog&id=IE+TCD+MS+57&pos=1 }}</ref> [[Íomhá:BookDurrowQuoniam.jpg | mion | Fóilió on Leabhar]] == Cúr síos == Is é an leabhar is sine dá leithéid atá ar marthain, céad bliain roimh [[Leabhar Cheanannais]]. Tá ann sa téacs [[Soiscéal]]ta [[Soiscéal Mhatha|Mhatha]], [[Soiscéal Mharcais|Mharcais]], [[Soiscéal Lúcáis|Lúcáis]] agus [[Soiscéal Eoin|Eoin]], chomh maith le tréithe ábhar eile agus [[táblaí canóna]]. Tá 248 fóilió párpháipéir ann, 245 le 145&nbsp;mm ar tomhas. Tá an-chuid maisithe ann, san áireamh sé [[leathanach cairpéid]],<ref name="on14" /> ceithre [[abhatáir Soiscéalaí]] agus sé leathanach shuntasacha le téacs maisithe. Scríobhadh é le [[Cló na nOileán]]. Tá roinnt [[Lacuna (lámhscríbhinn)|lacunae]] ann. Le himeacht ama, trí athchumhdú agus deisithe eile, tá athruithe tagtha ar ord na leathanach agus a méid.<!-- '' The page size has been reduced by subsequent rebindings, and most leaves are now single when unbound, where many or most would originally have been in "bifolia" or folded pairs. It is clear that some pages have been inserted in the wrong places.<ref name="on14" /> The main significance of this is that it is unclear if there was originally a seventh carpet page. Now Matthew does not have one, but there is, most unusually, one as the last page in the book. Perhaps there were only ever six: one at the start of the book with a cross, one opposite the next page with the four symbols (as now), and one opposite each individual symbol at the start of each gospel.<ref>Meehan (1996), ll. 30-38</ref> Otherwise the original programme of illumination seems to be complete, which is rare in manuscripts of this age.--><ref name="on14" /><ref>Meehan (1996), ll. 30-38</ref> == Stair == [[Íomhá:BookDurrowChiRoPage.jpg|mion|Leathanach le [[Chi-Rho]], Mhatha 1:18]] Tá an leabhar ainmhithe as an mainistir ag [[Darú, Contae Uíbh Fhailí|Darú]], [[Contae Uíbh Fhailí]], bunaithe ag [[Colm Cille]] agus é níos sine agus ina abb [[Oileán Í]]. Meastar gur scríobhadh an leabhar ann timpeall na bliana 700.<ref name="on14">O'Neill (2014), lch. 14</ref> Feictear sa cholafan nóta scriosta (f. 247r) a mhaíonn gurbh é "Colm" an scríobhaí, agus an obair déanta aige laistigh de dhá lá déag. B'fhéidir is leor an t-am seo le haghaidh soiscéil amháin, ach ní ceithre cinn.<ref>Meehan (1996), ll. 26-28, 2</ref> Tá a fhios go deimhin gur choimisiúnaigh [[Flann Sinna]] (877-916), [[Ardrí na hÉireann]], [[cumhdach]] airgid don leabhar.<ref name="m29">Mitchell (1996), lch. 29</ref><ref name="on14" /> Is é sin an an cumhdach is luaite a bhfuil aithne air, cé anois caillte. Creidtear go raibh ann taise Cholm Cille.<ref>Mitchell (1996), ll. 28-29</ref> Ar leathanach bán, tá nóta scríofa ag an scríobhaí ar Dharú, [[Flannchad Ua hEolais]], tuairim is an bhliain 1100, maidir le cód dlí.<ref name="m29">Mitchell (1996), lch. 29</ref> Tagann Leabhar Dharú tar éis an ''[[Gospel Book Fragment (Durham Cathedral Library, A. II. 10.)]]'' roimh [[Leabhar Lindisfarne]], a tosaíodh timpeall na bliana 700.<ref>{{cite book | title=The Lindisfarne Gospels: Society, Spirituality & the Scribe | last=Brown | first=Michelle |publisher=University of Toronto Press |year=2003 | location=Londain, The British Library}}</ref> == Dathmhaisiú == [[Íomhá:Book of Durrow folio 192v.png|mion|left|''Leathanach cairpéid le hainmhithe fite fuaite ina chéile]] Léiríonn dathmhaisiú an leabhair forbairt stíl na n-oileán. Is léir, mar shampla, nach raibh taithí ag an maisitheoir agus é ag iarraidh duine daonna a tharraingt. Tugtar "búcla ag siúl" ar a phríomh-iarraidh, an Fear de Mhatha,<ref>Wilson, 34</ref> agus cuirtear é i gcomórtas le fear chré-umha le feiceáil ar buicéad as an Iorua.<ref>Meehan (1996), lch. 53 & maisiú lch. 35</ref> Tá íocónagrafaíocht na n-ainmhithe fréamhaithe ó phatrúin mhíolchruthacha Gearmánacha, ó íomhámná Íosa agus na Soiscéalaithe ó [[Cloch Chruithneach|cjlocha Cruithneacha]]. Is ionann méid na crosfhí agus an ''Durham fragment'', 'sé sin, níos mó ná [[Leabhar Lindisfarne]]. Is é i Leabhar Dharú a fheictear tús le borradh na maisithe Ceilteacha i leabhair na n-oileán. <!-- '' The page has animal interlace around the sides that is drawn from Germanic [[Migration Period]] [[Animal Style]] II, as found for example in the Anglo-Saxon jewellery at [[Sutton Hoo]], and on the [[Benty Grange hanging bowl]]. But the circular panel in the centre seems, although not as precisely as other parts of the book, to draw on Celtic sources, although the three white circles at the edge recall Germanic metalwork studs in enamel or other techniques.--> Baineann Leabhar Dharú leas as an scéime réamh-[[Vulgáid]] / [[Naomh Iaróm]] le haghaidh abhatáir na soiscéalaithe – fear do [[Matha Soiscéalaí|Mhatha]], [[iolar]] do [[Marcas Soiscéalaí|Mheascadh]] (ní an leon), [[lao]] do [[Lúcás Soiscéalaí|Lúcás]] agus [[leon]] d'[[Eoin Soiscéalaí|Eoin]] (ní an t-iolar). Tar éis gach leathanach soiscéalaí seachas Matha, tá leathanach cairpéid agus ansin leathanach túslitreach. B'fhéidir gur caillte é an leathanach ar iarraidh, nó is é go deimhin fóilió 3 mar atá inniu.<!-- Where the four symbols appear together on folio 2r they appear in the normal order if read clockwise, and in the pre-Vulgate order if read anti-clockwise, which may be deliberate.--><ref>Meehan (1996), ll. 43-44</ref> Tá gach túslitir méadaithe agus maisithe, agus tá poncanna thart timpeall na litreacha a leanann í. <!--Parallels with metalwork can be noted in the rectangular body of St Matthew, which looks like a [[millefiori]] decoration, and in details of the carpet pages. There is a sense of space in the design of all the pages of the Book of Durrow. Open [[vellum]] balances intensely decorated areas. Animal interlace of very high quality appears on fóilió 192v. -->I measc móitífeanna eile, tá bíseanna, [[tríchosóga]], trilseáin ribín agus snaidhmeanna ciorclacha sna leathanaigh chairpéid agus sna himill thart timpeall na soiscéalaithr. === Abhatáir na soiscéalaithe === <gallery widths="180" heights="200" perrow="4"> Íomhá:Meister des Book of Durrow 001.jpg|An Fear de [[Matha Soiscéalaí|Mhatha]] (fóilió 21v) Íomhá:BookDurrowOx.jpg|An Damh de [[Lúcás Soiscéalaí|Lúcás]] (fóilió 124v) Íomhá:BookOfDurrowLion.jpg|An Leon, anseo d'[[Eoin Soiscéalaí|Eoin]] (fóilió 191v)<!-- is ceart é seo, féach an téacs --> Íomhá:BookDurrowEagle.jpg|An tIolar, anseo de [[Marcas Soiscéalaí|Mharcas]] (fóilió 84v) </gallery> === Leathanaigh cairpéid === <gallery widths="180px" heights="220px" perrow="4"> Íomhá:BookDurrowCarpetPage.jpg|Fóilió 85v Íomhá:BookDurrowCarpetPage5.jpg|Fóilió 125v Íomhá:DurrowFol001vCarpetPage.jpg|Fóilió 1v (le pollta) Íomhá:BookDurrowCarpetPage2.png|Fóilió ? </gallery> == Caomhnú == Le dúnadh na mainistreach sa 16ú haois, glacadh seilbh príobháideach ar an leabhar. Fuair [[James Ussher]] ar iasacht é agus rinne staidéar air, is dúchas agus é ina [[easpag na Mí]] ón mbliain 1621 go dtí 1623. Tháinig an leabhar slán in ainneoin roinnt eachtraí, san áireamh feirmeoir éigin a chuir in uisce é chun uisce coisricthe a dhéanamh chun a bha a leigheasadh. Am éigin idir na blianta 1661 go dtí 1682, thug easpag na Mí [[Henry Jones (bishop)|Henry Jones]] an leabhar úd agus [[Leabhar Cheanannais]] don leabharlann i Coláiste na Tríonóide. Cailleadh idir an cumhdach agus an clúdach le linn forghabhálacha sa bhliain 1689.<ref>Meehan (1996), ll. 13-16</ref><ref name="on14" />. Feictear cur síos ar an gcumhdach i nóta scríofa sa bhliain 1677, ar fhóilió IIv anois.<ref>Meehan (1996), lch. 13</ref> == Foinsí == * Calkins, Robert G. ''Illuminated Books of the Middle Ages''. Ithaca, Nua-Eabhrac: Cornell University Press, 1983. * De Paor, Liam. "The Christian Triumph: The Golden Age". * Meehan, Bernard. ''The Book of Durrow: A Medieval Masterpiece at Trinity College Dublin'', 1996, Town House, Baile Átha Cliath, {{ISBN|1-57098-053-5}} * Mitchell, Perette. "The Inscriptions on Pre-Norman Irish Reliquaries". ''Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy: Archaeology, Culture, History, Literature'', imleabhar 96C, ui. 1, 1996. JSTOR 25516156 * [[Rachel Moss (staraí ealaíne)|Moss, Rachel]]. ''Medieval c. 400—c. 1600: Art and Architecture of Ireland''. Londain: Yale University Press, 2014. {{ISBN|978-03-001-7919-4}} * &mdash;, ''The Book of Durrow''. Baile Átha Cliath: Trinity College Library; Londain: Thames and Hudson, 2018. ISBN 978-0-5002-9460-4 * Nordenfalk, Carl. ''Celtic and Anglo-Saxon Painting: Book illumination in the British Isles 600-800''. Chatto & Windus, Londain; Nua-Eabhrac: George Braziller, 1977 * O'Neill, Timothy. ''The Irish Hand: Scribes and Their Manuscripts From the Earliest Times''. Corcaigh: Cork University Press, 2014. {{ISBN|978-1-7820-5092-6}} * [[David M. Wilson|Wilson, David M.]], ''Anglo-Saxon Art: From The Seventh Century To The Norman Conquest'', Thames and Hudson; SAM Overlook Press, 1984 * Soderberg, John. "A Lost Cultural Exchange: Reconsidering the Bologna Shrine's Origin and Use". ''Proceedings of the Harvard Celtic Colloquium'', imleabhar 13, 1993. JSTOR 20557263 * Walther, Ingo. ''Codices Illustres''. Berlin: Taschen Verlag, 2014. ISBN 978-3-8365-5379-7 ==Naisc sheachtracha == * [http://www.tcd.ie/library/exhibitions/durrow/ Taispeántas ar líne], , Leabharlann Choláiste na Tríonóide *[https://manuscripts.catalogue.tcd.ie/CalmView/Record.aspx?src=CalmView.Catalog&id=IE+TCD+MS+57&pos=1 Iontráil catalóige] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180914204756/https://manuscripts.catalogue.tcd.ie/CalmView/Record.aspx?src=CalmView.Catalog&id=IE+TCD+MS+57&pos=1 |date=2018-09-14 }}, Leabharlann Choláiste na Tríonóide *[https://digitalcollections.tcd.ie/concern/works/wm117t53k?locale=en Digitithe], Leabharlann Choláiste na Tríonóide *[http://www.unc.edu/celtic/catalogue/manuscripts/durrow.html Iontráil catalóige] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050412085925/http://www.unc.edu/celtic/catalogue/manuscripts/durrow.html |date=2005-04-12 }}, University of North Carolina *[http://libmma.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/compoundobject/collection/p15324coll10/id/113771/rec/1 Treasures of early Irish art, 1500 B.C. to 1500 A.D.], Metropolitan Museum of Art; Book of Durrow (cat. no. 27) == Tagairtí == {{reflist}} {{Cumhdaigh}} [[Catagóir:Lámhscríbhinní Gaelacha na Meánaoise]] [[Catagóir:Leabharlann Choláiste na Tríonóide]] [[Catagóir:10ú haois in Éirinn]] byi35qj0ek26ghmvyphlg1qycjbbwp6 0 102487 1320705 1231070 2026-07-16T01:03:55Z TGcoa 21229 1320705 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Íomhá:An_electric_kick_scooter_in_Germany_.jpg|mion| Scútar leictreach]] [[Íomhá:Vosh,_Stockholm_(_1090722).jpg|mion| Scútair éagsúla i Stócólm]] [[Íomhá:Electric_scooters,_Warszawska_Street_in_Tomaszów_Mazowiecki,_Łódź_Voivodeship,_Poland,_August_2020.jpg|mion| Scútair cathracha i Tomaszów Mazowiecki, An Pholainn]] Is scútar le hinneall leictreach é '''scútar leictreach''', nó '''r-scútar,''' atá faoi thiomáint ag molmhótar leictreach ina roth tosaigh agus/nó ar chúl. Aicmithe mar chineál [[micrea-shoghluaisteacht]], <ref>[https://www2.deloitte.com/us/en/insights/focus/future-of-mobility/micro-mobility-is-the-future-of-urban-transportation.html "Micromobility is the future of urban transportation] </ref> déantar na scútair seo go ginearálta le deic mhór sa lár ar a bhfuil an rothaí ina sheasamh. Tugtar '''seas-scútar leictreach''' air uaireanta. === Stair === Ba é Autoped i [[Nua-Eabhrac (cathair)|Nua Eabhrac]] a rinne an chéad scútar le hinneall sa bhliain 1915, agus [[Inneall dócháin inmheánaigh|inneall beag dócháin inmheánaigh]] ann.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Autoped|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autoped|journal=Wikipedia|date=2024-08-17|language=en}}</ref> Sna 2010idí-2020idí, mhéadaigh an t-éileamh ar scútair leictreacha. Tugadh isteach córais comhroinnte scútar a úsáideann aipeanna a ligeann d’úsáideoirí na scútair a fháil ar cíos faoin nóiméad a fhaightear iad. Ach núis poiblí atá ann, a deirtear. Níos measa, ba chúis le ceallraí ian litiam tinte agus deatach dubh tiubh ar an gcóras iompair phoiblí i [[Maidrid]], [[Barcelona]] srl. Tháinig cosc ar r-scútar i bhfeidhm sna 2020idí timpeall an domhain.<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.standard.co.uk/news/world/where-e-scooters-banned-paris-lime-dott-tier-b1103751.html|teideal=Where are e-scooters banned?|údar=Tamara Davison|dáta=2023-08-30|language=en|work=Evening Standard|dátarochtana=2024-08-27}}</ref><ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c3w68ywqv2go|teideal=Melbourne e-scooter ban prompted by public outrage|language=en-GB|work=www.bbc.com|dátarochtana=2024-08-27}}</ref><ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.london.gov.uk/who-we-are/what-london-assembly-does/questions-mayor/find-an-answer/tfl-ban-e-scooters-and-e-bikes-1|teideal=TfL ban on e-scooters and e-bikes (1) {{!}} London City Hall|dáta=2023-06-13|work=web.archive.org|dátarochtana=2024-08-27|archivedate=2023-06-13|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230613232533/https://www.london.gov.uk/who-we-are/what-london-assembly-does/questions-mayor/find-an-answer/tfl-ban-e-scooters-and-e-bikes-1}}</ref> === In Éirinn === Sa bhliain 2024, dúirt an [[Udárás Náisiúnta Iompair|tUdárás Náisiúnta Iompair]] go dtagann lochtanna inmheánach sna ceallraí agus gur féidir leo téamh an iomarca agus dul trí thine. Cuireadh comhairle chun na r-scútair a chosc ar oibrithe an chórais iompair phoiblí, de bhun na himní a bhaineann leis na ceallraí ian litiam a úsáidtear iontu.<ref name=":0">{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Cosc ar scútair leicteacha ar an gcóras iompair poiblí mí DF.|url=https://www.rte.ie/news/nuacht/2024/0826/1466784-cosc-ar-scutair-leicteacha-ar-an-gcoras-iompair-poibli-mi-df/|date=2024-08-26|language=ga-IE|author=Nuacht RTÉ}}</ref> Cuireadh cosc ar scútair leictreacha dul ar bhusanna, ar thramanna agus ar thraenacha in Éirinn i mí Dheireadh Fómhair 2024. Clúdaíonn an cosc seo scútair is féidir a fhilleadh nó a iompar, ach níl rothair leictreacha ná scútair soghluaisteachta san áireamh ann. Dar leis an Údarás nach bhfuil an smacht ar chaighdeáin i ndéantúsaíocht na scútar leictreach chomh forbartha céanna is atá sé i gcás na rothar leictreacha agus na scútar soghluaisteachta, ar cuireadh faoi réir rialachá níos faide siar. Dá bhrí sin ní bhaineanna an leibhéal céanna riosca leo.<ref name=":0" /> In 2026, dúirt Coimisinéir an Gharda Síochána Justin Kelly go dtacódh sé le cosc iomlán a chur ar scútair leictreacha ar bhóithre na tíre. Dúirt Kelly go ndéanann scútair leictreacha éascaíocht do mhangaireacht drugaí ar bhonn áitiúil agus gur furasta do na tiománaithe éalú ó na Gardaí. Ghlac sé leis, a dúirt sé, go raibh neart daoine ann a bhain leas as scútair leictreacha go sábháilte agus go freagrach, ach dúirt gur mhó de mhí-iompar ná a mhalairt atá luaite leo.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title='Thacódh Kelly le cosc iomlán ar scútair leictreacha'|url=https://www.rte.ie/news/nuacht/2026/0715/1583505-thacodh-kelly-le-cosc-iomlan-ar-scutair-leictreacha/|date=2026-07-15|language=ga-IE|author=Nuacht RTÉ}}</ref> ==Féach freisin== *[https://www.rte.ie/news/nuacht/2024/0826/1466784-cosc-ar-scutair-leicteacha-ar-an-gcoras-iompair-poibli-mi-df/?utm_source=Nuachtlitir+PEIG.ie&utm_campaign=b458d7a035-EMAIL_CAMPAIGN_2024_08_27_07_36&utm_medium=email&utm_term=0_-b458d7a035-%5BLIST_EMAIL_ID%5D Cosc ar scútair leicteacha ar an gcóras iompair poiblí mí DF.] ==Tagairtí== {{Reflist}} [[Catagóir:Scútair leictreacha]] [[Catagóir:Micrea-shoghluaisteacht]] 1dbvpwsfwtvqnysx5e7jrzz0d8ejxyw 10 102879 1320664 1058491 2026-07-15T16:40:44Z Marcas.oduinn 33120 State 1320664 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Navbox | name = Cumhdaigh | title = [[Cumhdach|Cumhdaigh]] | state = {{{state|collapsed}}} | image = [[Íomhá:Contenitore del messale con iscrizione al 're' d'irlanda donnchad, 1030 ca., dal monastero di lorrha, co. di tipperary, 01.jpg|100px]] | listclass = hlist | titlestyle = background: #e0d3bc | groupstyle = background: #f3e9d4 | evenstyle = background: #fefcf6 | belowstyle = background: #e0d3bc | abovestyle = background: #e0d3bc | above = | group1 = Ar marthain | list1 = [[Soiscéal Mholaise]]<!-- (8ú agus 11ú haoiseanna)-->&nbsp;• [[Leabhar Dhioma]]<!-- (8ú agus 12ú haoiseanna)-->&nbsp;• [[Cumhdach Loch Cinnéile]]<!-- (9th century)-->&nbsp;• [[Leabhar Aifrinn Lothra]]<!-- (c. 1026-33)-->&nbsp;• [[Cathach Cholm Cille]]<!-- (tar éis 1072)-->&nbsp;• [[An Míosach]]<!-- (11ú agus 16ú haoiseanna)-->&nbsp;• [[Domhnach Airgid]]<!-- (9ú agus 14th haoiseanna)-->&nbsp;• [[Cumhdach Caillín Fhíonaigh]]<!-- (roimh 1536)--> | group2 = Caillte | list2 = Cumhdach [[Leabhar Dharú]]<!-- (c. 877–914)-->&nbsp;• Cumhdach [[Leabhar Ard Mhacha]]<!-- (938)-->&nbsp;• Cumhdach [[Leabhar Cheanannais]]<!-- (roimh 1007)--> | group3 = Gaolmhar | list3 = [[Ealaín na nOileán]]&nbsp;• [[Cló na nOileán]]}} [[Catagóir:Cumhdaigh| ]] qsbbttvdnv25m88z3qjxowe9jw62ozi 1320666 1320664 2026-07-15T16:51:01Z Marcas.oduinn 33120 Main other 1320666 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Navbox | name = Cumhdaigh | title = [[Cumhdach|Cumhdaigh]] | state = {{{state|collapsed}}} | image = [[Íomhá:Contenitore del messale con iscrizione al 're' d'irlanda donnchad, 1030 ca., dal monastero di lorrha, co. di tipperary, 01.jpg|100px]] | listclass = hlist | titlestyle = background: #e0d3bc | groupstyle = background: #f3e9d4 | evenstyle = background: #fefcf6 | belowstyle = background: #e0d3bc | abovestyle = background: #e0d3bc | above = | group1 = Ar marthain | list1 = [[Soiscéal Mholaise]]<!-- (8ú agus 11ú haoiseanna)-->&nbsp;• [[Leabhar Dhioma]]<!-- (8ú agus 12ú haoiseanna)-->&nbsp;• [[Cumhdach Loch Cinnéile]]<!-- (9th century)-->&nbsp;• [[Leabhar Aifrinn Lothra]]<!-- (c. 1026-33)-->&nbsp;• [[Cathach Cholm Cille]]<!-- (tar éis 1072)-->&nbsp;• [[An Míosach]]<!-- (11ú agus 16ú haoiseanna)-->&nbsp;• [[Domhnach Airgid]]<!-- (9ú agus 14th haoiseanna)-->&nbsp;• [[Cumhdach Caillín Fhíonaigh]]<!-- (roimh 1536)--> | group2 = Caillte | list2 = Cumhdach [[Leabhar Dharú]]<!-- (c. 877–914)-->&nbsp;• Cumhdach [[Leabhar Ard Mhacha]]<!-- (938)-->&nbsp;• Cumhdach [[Leabhar Cheanannais]]<!-- (roimh 1007)--> | group3 = Gaolmhar | list3 = [[Ealaín na nOileán]]&nbsp;• [[Cló na nOileán]]}} <!--Catagóir in Main ach amháin--> {{main other|[[Catagóir:Cumhdaigh| ]]}} h6k3108ncq63ltdjbtoa41g5g7f14al 1 111522 1320735 1319186 2026-07-16T10:11:44Z ListeriaBot 25319 Wikidata list updated [V2] 1320735 wikitext text/x-wiki == glanadh-mar|profléitheoireacht de dhíth == Tá súil agam go bhfuil mo bhotúin ceartaithe agam![[Úsáideoir:Ériugena|Ériugena]] ([[Plé úsáideora:Ériugena|plé]]) 14:14, 3 Feabhra 2024 (UTC) :GRMA. [[Úsáideoir:Kevin Scannell|kscanne]] ([[Plé úsáideora:Kevin Scannell|plé]]) 14:18, 3 Feabhra 2024 (UTC) ==https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madarch_meithrin== Is trua nach bhfuil mé in ann leas a bhaint as an 'Wikidata list' seo a leanas; <nowiki> {{Wikidata list |sparql=SELECT ?item WHERE { ?item wdt:P105 wd:Q7432. ?item wdt:P171 ?sub0 . ?sub0 (wdt:P171)* wd:Q913614 } LIMIT 10 |sort=label |columns=label:rhywogaeth,P225,P18:delwedd |row_template=Zutabe formatoa/Familiak |thumb=80 |links= }} {| class='wikitable sortable' ! rhywogaeth ! ainm an tacsóin ! delwedd |- {{Zutabe formatoa/Familiak | label = ''[[:d:Q108287272|Psalliota aeruginosa]]'' | p225 = Psalliota aeruginosa }} |- {{Zutabe formatoa/Familiak | label = ''[[:d:Q108287277|Psalliota africana]]'' | p225 = Psalliota africana }} |- {{Zutabe formatoa/Familiak | label = ''[[:d:Q108287280|Psalliota alachuana]]'' | p225 = Psalliota alachuana }} |- {{Zutabe formatoa/Familiak | label = ''[[:d:Q105066086|Psalliota pratensis]]'' | p225 = Psalliota pratensis }} |- {{Zutabe formatoa/Familiak | label = ''[[:d:Q105066087|Psalliota semiglobata]]'' | p225 = Psalliota semiglobata }} |- {{Zutabe formatoa/Familiak | label = ''[[:d:Q105066088|Psalliota sylvatica]]'' | p225 = Psalliota sylvatica }} |- {{Zutabe formatoa/Familiak | label = ''[[:d:Q105066089|Psalliota sylvicola]]'' | p225 = Psalliota sylvicola }} |- {{Zutabe formatoa/Familiak | label = ''[[:d:Q105066090|Psalliota versipes]]'' | p225 = Psalliota versipes }} |- {{Zutabe formatoa/Familiak | label = ''[[:d:Q105066091|Psalliota vinacea]]'' | p225 = Psalliota vinacea }} |- {{Zutabe formatoa/Familiak | label = ''[[:d:Q105066092|Psalliota xanthoderma]]'' | p225 = Psalliota xanthoderma }} |} {{Wikidata list end}}</nowiki> [[Úsáideoir:Ériugena|Ériugena]] ([[Plé úsáideora:Ériugena|plé]]) 14:30, 3 Feabhra 2024 (UTC) reuu7qp0r6s6a83kkuanpy8j6zye52j 2 120600 1320669 1305045 2026-07-15T17:17:09Z Marcas.oduinn 33120 /* Eile */ 1320669 wikitext text/x-wiki == Ceanntásc == (an t)Údarás um..., (an) G(h)níomhaireacht um... (an) Comhbheartas Talmhaíochta. Cé acu sa teideal? Féach: * [http://www.gaois.ie gaois.ie]. * ''Wikidata list'' [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Wikidata list/Contaetha na hÉireann#Réigiún na hÉireann|Réigiúin na hÉireann]]. === Réigiún === {| class="wikitable" style="width:100%; vertical-align:top;" ! style="width:50%;" | Réigiúin ! style="width:50%;" | Réigiúin NUTS |- | style="text-align:center" | [[Íomhá:IrelandRegions.png | center]] | align=center | [[Íomhá:NUTS3 Boundaries Ireland.png | center]] |- | style="vertical-align:top;" | Réigiúin na hÉireann: * (A) Tuaisceart * (B) Iarthar * (C) Iardheisceart * (D) Oirdheisceart * (E) Oirthear [BÁC] * (F) [[Lár na Tíre (Éire)]] | style="vertical-align:top;" | '''Réigiúin''' NUTS 3 na hÉireann: * [[Réigiún na Teorann|Teorainn]] * [[Réigiún an Iarthair|Iarthar]] * [[Réigiún Lár na Tíre|Lár na Tíre]] * [[Réigiún an Lár-Oirthir|Lár-Oirthear]] * [[Réigiún Bhaile Átha Cliath|Baile Átha Cliath]] * [[Réigiún an Lár-Iarthair|Lár-Iarthar]] * [[Réigiún an Oirdheiscirt|Oirdheisceart]] * [[Réigiún an Iardheiscirt|Iardheisceart]] |} {| |- | [[Íomhá:Newborderregionboundary.png | 80px]]<!--[[Íomhá:Ireland location map Border region.svg | 40px]]--> | [[Íomhá:Ireland location map West region.svg | 80px]] | [[Íomhá:Ireland location map Midlands.svg | 80px]] | [[Íomhá:Mid East Ireland 2018.png | 80px]]<!--[[Íomhá:Ireland location map Mid-East.svg | 40px]]--> | [[Íomhá:Island_of_Ireland_location_map_Dublin.svg | 80px]] | [[Íomhá:Mid-West Region Map Ireland 2018.png | 80px]]<!--[[Íomhá:Mid-West Region Map Ireland 2018.png | 40px]]--> | [[Íomhá:SE Region Ireland 2018.png | 80px]]<!--[[Íomhá:Ireland location map South East.svg | 40px]]--> | [[Íomhá:Ireland location map South West.svg | 80px]] |} === Acrainm === * [[Aicmiú Comhchoiteann na nAonad Críche maidir le Staidreamh|NUTS]] - Acáise * [[Comhordú an Eolais ar an Timpeallacht|CORINE]] - Ceolta * [[CORDIS]] - SeoTaifeach * [[Inter-Active Terminology for Europe|IATE]] - Tighe == Eile == # ''[[:en:Authority for European Political Parties and European Political Foundations|Authority for European Political Parties and European Political Foundations]]'' - [[Údarás um Páirtithe Polaitiúla Eorpacha agus um Fhondúireachtaí Polaitiúla Eorpacha]] (2016) # ''[[:en:Agency for Support for BEREC|Agency for Support for BEREC]]'' - [[Gníomhaireacht Tacaíochta BEREC]] (2009) # ''[[:en:EU-CyCLONe|EU-CyCLONe]]'' - [[EU-CyCLONe]] (2020) == Sábháilteacht == {{short description|European Union civil aviation authority}} {{Redirect|EASA}} {{Use British English|date=March 2013}} {{Use dmy dates|date=July 2022}} {{Infobox government agency | name = European Union Aviation Safety Agency (EASA) | type = | seal = | seal_width = | seal_caption = | logo = EASA Logo.svg | logo_width = | logo_caption = | image = EASA Headquarters - EASA Direktion.jpg | image_size = | image_caption = The offices of the agency in [[Cologne]], Germany | formed = {{Start date|2002|07|12|df=y}} <!-- entry into force of Regulation (EC) No 1592/2002 --> | preceding1 = | dissolved = | superseding1 = | jurisdiction = [[European Union|EU]] and [[European Free Trade Association|EFTA]] members<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.easa.europa.eu/domains/international-cooperation/easa-by-country|title=EASA By Country|website=EASA}}</ref> | headquarters = [[Cologne]], Germany | coordinates = <!-- {{coord|LATITUDE|LONGITUDE|type:landmark_region:US|display=inline,title}} --> | motto = | employees = | budget = | chief1_name = [[Florian Guillermet]] | chief1_position = Executive director | keydocument1 = [https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2018/1139 Regulation (EU) 2018/1139] <!--| keydocument2 = [http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg/2008/216/oj Regulation (EC) No 216/2008] | keydocument3 = [http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg/2002/1592/oj Regulation (EC) No 1592/2002]-->| website = {{url|easa.europa.eu}} | footnotes = | embed = | map = {{Location map many | European Union | width = 250px | label1 = Cologne | caption1 = | position1 = right | coordinates1 = {{coord|50.56|6.57}}}} | map_width = 275 | map_caption = }} The '''European Union Aviation Safety Agency''' ('''EASA''') is an [[Agencies of the European Union|agency]] of the [[European Commission]] with responsibility for civil [[aviation safety]] in the [[European Union]]. It carries out [[Type certificate|certification]], regulation and standardisation and also performs investigation and monitoring.{{r|flor|page=§4.3}} It collects and analyses safety data, drafts and advises on safety legislation and co-ordinates with similar organisations in other parts of the world.{{r|flor|page=§4.3}} The idea of a European-level aviation safety authority goes back to 1996, but the agency was legally established only in 2002; it began its work in 2003.{{r|flor|page=§4.3}} == Berec == {{Short description|Agency of the European Union}} {{Infobox government agency | logo = [[File:BEREC logo.png|frameless]] | logo_caption = BEREC logo | formed = 2009 | jurisdiction = European Union | headquarters = Riga, Latvia | coordinates = <!--{{coord|LATITUDE|LONGITUDE|type:landmark_region:US|display=inline,title}}--> | motto = Empowering EU connectivity | employees = | chief1_name = Marko Mišmaš | chief1_position = BEREC Chair 2026 | chief2_name = Verena Weber | chief2_position = Director of the BEREC Office | keydocument1 = [https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2018/1971 Regulation (EU) No 2018/1971] | website = {{URL|https://www.berec.europa.eu|berec.europa.eu}} | picture = BEREC Office Headquarters in Riga.jpg | map = {{Location map|Latvia |width = 200 |float = right |label = Riga |position = right |mark = Green pog.svg <!--green dot--> |lat_deg = 56.946285 |lat_min = <!-- default: lat_dir = N --> |lon_deg = 24.105078 |lon_min = <!-- default: lon_dir = E --> }} | map_caption = | footnotes = | agency_name = Body of European Regulators for Electronic Communications (BEREC) | picture_width = | picture_caption = BEREC Office Headquarters in Riga | map_width = }} The '''Body of European Regulators for Electronic Communications''' ('''BEREC''') is the body in which the regulators of the telecommunications markets in the [[European Union]] work together.<ref name="UIA">{{Cite web |url=https://uia.org/s/or/en/1100015682 |url-access= |title=Body of European Regulators for Electronic Communications (BEREC) |author1=Staff writer |year=2024 |department=UIA Global Civil Society Database |website=uia.org |publisher=[[Union of International Associations]] |agency=Yearbook of International Organizations Online |location=Brussels, Belgium |format= |arxiv= |asin= |bibcode= |doi= |doi-broken-date= |isbn= |issn= |jfm= |jstor= |lccn= |mr= |oclc= |ol= |osti= |pmc= |pmid= |rfc= |ssrn= |zbl= |id= |access-date=3 February 2025 |url-status= |archive-url= |archive-date= |via= |quote= |trans-quote= |ref= |postscript=}}</ref> Other participants include representatives of the [[European Commission]], as well as telecommunication regulators from the member states of the [[European Economic Area|EEA]] and of states that are in the process of joining the EU. == Tíreolaíocht == [[Réigiún na Teorann]] === Geografaíocht fhisiceach [[Íomhá:Glencar waterfall01.jpg| thumb | 170px | [[Loch Ghleann an Chairthe|Eas Ghleann an Chairthe]], Liatroim]] '' The region encompasses the entire northwest coast of Ireland along the [[an tAigéan Atlantach]]. Two of Ireland's longest rivers, [[an tSionainn]] and the [[an Éirne]], agus an [[Uiscebhealach na Sionainne is na hÉirne]] eatarthu. Cavan and Monaghan in the east of the region are characterized by a drumlin landscape, with hundreds of loughs interspersed between. [[Loch Aillionn]] in Leitrim is the region's largest lake, at 35 km². '' The west of the region, from [[Teallach Eathach]], County Cavan, to the Atlantic coast is largely rocky and mountainous, with coastal cliffs but also beaches in counties Sligo, Donegal and Leitrim. Leitrim has the smallest coastline of any county, at just 5&nbsp;km in length, while Donegal has the longest, at 1,134&nbsp;km. === Foraoiseacht '' there is a total of 130,345 ha of forest and woodland cover in the Border Region, equating to 11.3% of the region's land area, the national average.<ref name=govagri2017 /> '' Traditionally, the region had a very low cover forest and planting schemes were undertaken by the Department of Agriculture or [[Comhlachtaí státurraithe na hÉireann|comhlachtaí státurraithe]] such as [[Coillte]]. County Leitrim is now Ireland's most forested county at 18.9% forest cover. However, over 50% of Leitrim's forests are in private ownership.<ref name=govagri2006 /> === Aeráid '' Under [[Aicmiú aeráide Köppen]], the region experiences a maritime [[aeráid mheasartha]] [[aeráid aigéanach]], meaning cool winters, mild humid summers, and a lack of temperature extremes. Summer daytime temperatures range between 15°C agus 22°C, rarely going beyond 25°C. While the region generally experiences mild winters, upland areas typically have snow. Humidity is high year round and rainfall ranges from ~1,250&nbsp;mm ([[Marcréidh]], Sligeach) to ~1,000&nbsp;mm ([[Béal Átha hÉis]], Cabhán), evenly distributed throughout the year. <ref name=metclimate /> === Geolaíocht [[Íomhá: Benbulben2.jpg | thumb | 200px | [[Binn Ghulbain]], Contae Shligigh]] '' There are many large mountain ranges and high sea cliffs in the region, such as the [[Sléibhte Dhoire Bheatha]], [[Sliabh Liag]], the [[Binn Chuilceach]] agus [[Binn Ghulbain]]. The region is generally underlain by [[an tOrdaivíseach]] and [[an Siolúrach]] sceallaí agus gréabhacaí, laid down 417-495 million years ago. These are found in eastern Cavan and Monaghan. The bedrock of western Cavan, Leitrim and Sligo is composed mostly of [[carbónmhar]] limestones that were laid roughly 355 million years ago. However, a 1.5 billion year old narrow strip of metamorphosed gneisses extend across Sligo near [[Sliabh Gamh]].<ref name=geocavan /><ref name=geosligo /> '' County Donegal has one of the most complex geologies in Ireland. Much of the county is underlain by [[Réamhchaimbriach]] gneiss, schist and quartzite, laid down during the Grenvillian Orogeny 700 million years ago. The Border Region's highest point, [[An Earagail]], at 751 m, is composed of Precambrian quartzite. '' Ireland's oldest rocks, laid down 1.78 billion years ago, are found on the island of [[Inis Trá Tholl]].<ref name=gsi /> Inis Trá Tholl is Ireland's most northerly island, located approximately 10&nbsp;km north of [[Cionn Mhálanna]], mainland Ireland's most northerly point. '' [[Loch Súilí]] in Donegal is one of Ireland's three fjords. == Buntásc == __NOINDEX__ __NOTOC__ 5x9fx15ep3e4h8ycphptylnhfve9tqq 1320670 1320669 2026-07-15T17:24:01Z Marcas.oduinn 33120 /* Berec */ 1320670 wikitext text/x-wiki == Ceanntásc == (an t)Údarás um..., (an) G(h)níomhaireacht um... (an) Comhbheartas Talmhaíochta. Cé acu sa teideal? Féach: * [http://www.gaois.ie gaois.ie]. * ''Wikidata list'' [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Wikidata list/Contaetha na hÉireann#Réigiún na hÉireann|Réigiúin na hÉireann]]. === Réigiún === {| class="wikitable" style="width:100%; vertical-align:top;" ! style="width:50%;" | Réigiúin ! style="width:50%;" | Réigiúin NUTS |- | style="text-align:center" | [[Íomhá:IrelandRegions.png | center]] | align=center | [[Íomhá:NUTS3 Boundaries Ireland.png | center]] |- | style="vertical-align:top;" | Réigiúin na hÉireann: * (A) Tuaisceart * (B) Iarthar * (C) Iardheisceart * (D) Oirdheisceart * (E) Oirthear [BÁC] * (F) [[Lár na Tíre (Éire)]] | style="vertical-align:top;" | '''Réigiúin''' NUTS 3 na hÉireann: * [[Réigiún na Teorann|Teorainn]] * [[Réigiún an Iarthair|Iarthar]] * [[Réigiún Lár na Tíre|Lár na Tíre]] * [[Réigiún an Lár-Oirthir|Lár-Oirthear]] * [[Réigiún Bhaile Átha Cliath|Baile Átha Cliath]] * [[Réigiún an Lár-Iarthair|Lár-Iarthar]] * [[Réigiún an Oirdheiscirt|Oirdheisceart]] * [[Réigiún an Iardheiscirt|Iardheisceart]] |} {| |- | [[Íomhá:Newborderregionboundary.png | 80px]]<!--[[Íomhá:Ireland location map Border region.svg | 40px]]--> | [[Íomhá:Ireland location map West region.svg | 80px]] | [[Íomhá:Ireland location map Midlands.svg | 80px]] | [[Íomhá:Mid East Ireland 2018.png | 80px]]<!--[[Íomhá:Ireland location map Mid-East.svg | 40px]]--> | [[Íomhá:Island_of_Ireland_location_map_Dublin.svg | 80px]] | [[Íomhá:Mid-West Region Map Ireland 2018.png | 80px]]<!--[[Íomhá:Mid-West Region Map Ireland 2018.png | 40px]]--> | [[Íomhá:SE Region Ireland 2018.png | 80px]]<!--[[Íomhá:Ireland location map South East.svg | 40px]]--> | [[Íomhá:Ireland location map South West.svg | 80px]] |} === Acrainm === * [[Aicmiú Comhchoiteann na nAonad Críche maidir le Staidreamh|NUTS]] - Acáise * [[Comhordú an Eolais ar an Timpeallacht|CORINE]] - Ceolta * [[CORDIS]] - SeoTaifeach * [[Inter-Active Terminology for Europe|IATE]] - Tighe == Eile == # ''[[:en:Authority for European Political Parties and European Political Foundations|Authority for European Political Parties and European Political Foundations]]'' - [[Údarás um Páirtithe Polaitiúla Eorpacha agus um Fhondúireachtaí Polaitiúla Eorpacha]] (2016) # ''[[:en:Agency for Support for BEREC|Agency for Support for BEREC]]'' - [[Gníomhaireacht Tacaíochta BEREC]] (2009) # ''[[:en:EU-CyCLONe|EU-CyCLONe]]'' - [[EU-CyCLONe]] (2020) == Sábháilteacht == {{short description|European Union civil aviation authority}} {{Redirect|EASA}} {{Use British English|date=March 2013}} {{Use dmy dates|date=July 2022}} {{Infobox government agency | name = European Union Aviation Safety Agency (EASA) | type = | seal = | seal_width = | seal_caption = | logo = EASA Logo.svg | logo_width = | logo_caption = | image = EASA Headquarters - EASA Direktion.jpg | image_size = | image_caption = The offices of the agency in [[Cologne]], Germany | formed = {{Start date|2002|07|12|df=y}} <!-- entry into force of Regulation (EC) No 1592/2002 --> | preceding1 = | dissolved = | superseding1 = | jurisdiction = [[European Union|EU]] and [[European Free Trade Association|EFTA]] members<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.easa.europa.eu/domains/international-cooperation/easa-by-country|title=EASA By Country|website=EASA}}</ref> | headquarters = [[Cologne]], Germany | coordinates = <!-- {{coord|LATITUDE|LONGITUDE|type:landmark_region:US|display=inline,title}} --> | motto = | employees = | budget = | chief1_name = [[Florian Guillermet]] | chief1_position = Executive director | keydocument1 = [https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2018/1139 Regulation (EU) 2018/1139] <!--| keydocument2 = [http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg/2008/216/oj Regulation (EC) No 216/2008] | keydocument3 = [http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg/2002/1592/oj Regulation (EC) No 1592/2002]-->| website = {{url|easa.europa.eu}} | footnotes = | embed = | map = {{Location map many | European Union | width = 250px | label1 = Cologne | caption1 = | position1 = right | coordinates1 = {{coord|50.56|6.57}}}} | map_width = 275 | map_caption = }} The '''European Union Aviation Safety Agency''' ('''EASA''') is an [[Agencies of the European Union|agency]] of the [[European Commission]] with responsibility for civil [[aviation safety]] in the [[European Union]]. It carries out [[Type certificate|certification]], regulation and standardisation and also performs investigation and monitoring.{{r|flor|page=§4.3}} It collects and analyses safety data, drafts and advises on safety legislation and co-ordinates with similar organisations in other parts of the world.{{r|flor|page=§4.3}} The idea of a European-level aviation safety authority goes back to 1996, but the agency was legally established only in 2002; it began its work in 2003.{{r|flor|page=§4.3}} == Berec == {{Short description|Agency of the European Union}} {{Infobox government agency | logo = [[File:BEREC logo.png|frameless]] | logo_caption = BEREC logo | formed = 2009 | jurisdiction = European Union | headquarters = Riga, Latvia | coordinates = <!--{{coord|LATITUDE|LONGITUDE|type:landmark_region:US|display=inline,title}}--> | motto = Empowering EU connectivity | employees = | chief1_name = Marko Mišmaš | chief1_position = BEREC Chair 2026 | chief2_name = Verena Weber | chief2_position = Director of the BEREC Office | keydocument1 = [https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2018/1971 Regulation (EU) No 2018/1971] | website = {{URL|https://www.berec.europa.eu|berec.europa.eu}} | picture = BEREC Office Headquarters in Riga.jpg | map = {{Location map|Latvia |width = 200 |float = right |label = Riga |position = right |mark = Green pog.svg <!--green dot--> |lat_deg = 56.946285 |lat_min = <!-- default: lat_dir = N --> |lon_deg = 24.105078 |lon_min = <!-- default: lon_dir = E --> }} | map_caption = | footnotes = | agency_name = Body of European Regulators for Electronic Communications (BEREC) | picture_width = | picture_caption = BEREC Office Headquarters in Riga | map_width = }} The '''Body of European Regulators for Electronic Communications''' ('''BEREC''') is the body in which the regulators of the telecommunications markets in the [[European Union]] work together.<ref name="UIA">{{Cite web |url=https://uia.org/s/or/en/1100015682 |url-access= |title=Body of European Regulators for Electronic Communications (BEREC) |author1=Staff writer |year=2024 |department=UIA Global Civil Society Database |website=uia.org |publisher=[[Union of International Associations]] |agency=Yearbook of International Organizations Online |location=Brussels, Belgium |format= |arxiv= |asin= |bibcode= |doi= |doi-broken-date= |isbn= |issn= |jfm= |jstor= |lccn= |mr= |oclc= |ol= |osti= |pmc= |pmid= |rfc= |ssrn= |zbl= |id= |access-date=3 February 2025 |url-status= |archive-url= |archive-date= |via= |quote= |trans-quote= |ref= |postscript=}}</ref> Other participants include representatives of the [[European Commission]], as well as telecommunication regulators from the member states of the [[European Economic Area|EEA]] and of states that are in the process of joining the EU. == EU-CyCLONe == EU-CyCLONe or '''European Cyber Crisis Liaison Organisation Network''' is a cooperation network for [[European Union]] members to national authorities in charge of cyber crisis management.<ref name=eu-countries-test-their-ability>{{Cite web |title=EU countries test their ability to cooperate in the event of cyber attacks |url=https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/news/eu-countries-test-their-ability-cooperate-event-cyber-attacks |date=2020-09-29 |access-date=2025-02-24 |website=[[European Commission]]}}</ref> It was set up as part of the [[NIS 2 Directive]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Europe moves closer to stricter cybersecurity standards, reporting regs |url=https://www.theregister.com/2022/05/17/europe_nis2_cybersecurity_regulations/ |last=Lyons |first=Jessica |date=2022-05-17 |access-date=2025-02-24 |website=[[The Register]]}}</ref> It was launched in 2020 and formalised in January 2023.<ref name=im-eu-ramps-up-cyber-resilience>{{Cite news |title=EU Ramps Up Cyber Resilience with Major Crisis Simulation Exercise |last=Poireault |first=Kevin |date=2024-11-11 |url=https://www.infosecurity-magazine.com/news/eu-cyber-resilience-crisis/ |access-date=2025-02-24 |work=Infosecurity Magazine}}</ref> The chair rotates with the [[Presidency of the Council of the European Union]].<ref name=im-eu-ramps-up-cyber-resilience/> EU-CyCLONe will submit a report assessing its work to the [[EU Parliament]] and [[Council of the European Union]] every 18 months, starting 17 October 2024.<ref name=im-eu-ramps-up-cyber-resilience/> ==Blue OLEx The Blueprint Operational Level Exercise is an annual exercise involving senior cybersecurity officials from EU member states and the [[European Commission]], with [[European Union]] support.<ref name=im-eu-ramps-up-cyber-resilience/> In 2024 it was hosted in [[Rome]] by [[Agenzia per la Cybersicurezza Nazionale]], focused on executive level cooperation, particularly via EU-CyCLONe.<ref name=im-eu-ramps-up-cyber-resilience/> ==References {{reflist}} ==External links *[https://www.nis-2-directive.com/NIS_2_Directive_Article_14_(Proposal_16.12.2020).html The NIS 2 Directive, The European cyber crises liaison organisation network (EU - CyCLONe)] - Article 14 on EU-CyCLONe *[https://www.nis-2-directive.com/NIS_2_Directive_Article_16.html The NIS 2 Directive, Final Text] - Article 16 on EU-CyCLONe *[https://www.nis-2-directive.com/NIS_2_Directive_Article_17.html The NIS 2 Directive, Final Text] - Article 17, International cooperation == Tíreolaíocht == [[Réigiún na Teorann]] === Geografaíocht fhisiceach [[Íomhá:Glencar waterfall01.jpg| thumb | 170px | [[Loch Ghleann an Chairthe|Eas Ghleann an Chairthe]], Liatroim]] '' The region encompasses the entire northwest coast of Ireland along the [[an tAigéan Atlantach]]. Two of Ireland's longest rivers, [[an tSionainn]] and the [[an Éirne]], agus an [[Uiscebhealach na Sionainne is na hÉirne]] eatarthu. Cavan and Monaghan in the east of the region are characterized by a drumlin landscape, with hundreds of loughs interspersed between. [[Loch Aillionn]] in Leitrim is the region's largest lake, at 35 km². '' The west of the region, from [[Teallach Eathach]], County Cavan, to the Atlantic coast is largely rocky and mountainous, with coastal cliffs but also beaches in counties Sligo, Donegal and Leitrim. Leitrim has the smallest coastline of any county, at just 5&nbsp;km in length, while Donegal has the longest, at 1,134&nbsp;km. === Foraoiseacht '' there is a total of 130,345 ha of forest and woodland cover in the Border Region, equating to 11.3% of the region's land area, the national average.<ref name=govagri2017 /> '' Traditionally, the region had a very low cover forest and planting schemes were undertaken by the Department of Agriculture or [[Comhlachtaí státurraithe na hÉireann|comhlachtaí státurraithe]] such as [[Coillte]]. County Leitrim is now Ireland's most forested county at 18.9% forest cover. However, over 50% of Leitrim's forests are in private ownership.<ref name=govagri2006 /> === Aeráid '' Under [[Aicmiú aeráide Köppen]], the region experiences a maritime [[aeráid mheasartha]] [[aeráid aigéanach]], meaning cool winters, mild humid summers, and a lack of temperature extremes. Summer daytime temperatures range between 15°C agus 22°C, rarely going beyond 25°C. While the region generally experiences mild winters, upland areas typically have snow. Humidity is high year round and rainfall ranges from ~1,250&nbsp;mm ([[Marcréidh]], Sligeach) to ~1,000&nbsp;mm ([[Béal Átha hÉis]], Cabhán), evenly distributed throughout the year. <ref name=metclimate /> === Geolaíocht [[Íomhá: Benbulben2.jpg | thumb | 200px | [[Binn Ghulbain]], Contae Shligigh]] '' There are many large mountain ranges and high sea cliffs in the region, such as the [[Sléibhte Dhoire Bheatha]], [[Sliabh Liag]], the [[Binn Chuilceach]] agus [[Binn Ghulbain]]. The region is generally underlain by [[an tOrdaivíseach]] and [[an Siolúrach]] sceallaí agus gréabhacaí, laid down 417-495 million years ago. These are found in eastern Cavan and Monaghan. The bedrock of western Cavan, Leitrim and Sligo is composed mostly of [[carbónmhar]] limestones that were laid roughly 355 million years ago. However, a 1.5 billion year old narrow strip of metamorphosed gneisses extend across Sligo near [[Sliabh Gamh]].<ref name=geocavan /><ref name=geosligo /> '' County Donegal has one of the most complex geologies in Ireland. Much of the county is underlain by [[Réamhchaimbriach]] gneiss, schist and quartzite, laid down during the Grenvillian Orogeny 700 million years ago. The Border Region's highest point, [[An Earagail]], at 751 m, is composed of Precambrian quartzite. '' Ireland's oldest rocks, laid down 1.78 billion years ago, are found on the island of [[Inis Trá Tholl]].<ref name=gsi /> Inis Trá Tholl is Ireland's most northerly island, located approximately 10&nbsp;km north of [[Cionn Mhálanna]], mainland Ireland's most northerly point. '' [[Loch Súilí]] in Donegal is one of Ireland's three fjords. == Buntásc == __NOINDEX__ __NOTOC__ io7pq1rftdafdl2fkwyg4k3k983vt9m 1320672 1320670 2026-07-15T17:38:13Z Marcas.oduinn 33120 /* Berec */ 1320672 wikitext text/x-wiki == Ceanntásc == (an t)Údarás um..., (an) G(h)níomhaireacht um... (an) Comhbheartas Talmhaíochta. Cé acu sa teideal? Féach: * [http://www.gaois.ie gaois.ie]. * ''Wikidata list'' [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Wikidata list/Contaetha na hÉireann#Réigiún na hÉireann|Réigiúin na hÉireann]]. === Réigiún === {| class="wikitable" style="width:100%; vertical-align:top;" ! style="width:50%;" | Réigiúin ! style="width:50%;" | Réigiúin NUTS |- | style="text-align:center" | [[Íomhá:IrelandRegions.png | center]] | align=center | [[Íomhá:NUTS3 Boundaries Ireland.png | center]] |- | style="vertical-align:top;" | Réigiúin na hÉireann: * (A) Tuaisceart * (B) Iarthar * (C) Iardheisceart * (D) Oirdheisceart * (E) Oirthear [BÁC] * (F) [[Lár na Tíre (Éire)]] | style="vertical-align:top;" | '''Réigiúin''' NUTS 3 na hÉireann: * [[Réigiún na Teorann|Teorainn]] * [[Réigiún an Iarthair|Iarthar]] * [[Réigiún Lár na Tíre|Lár na Tíre]] * [[Réigiún an Lár-Oirthir|Lár-Oirthear]] * [[Réigiún Bhaile Átha Cliath|Baile Átha Cliath]] * [[Réigiún an Lár-Iarthair|Lár-Iarthar]] * [[Réigiún an Oirdheiscirt|Oirdheisceart]] * [[Réigiún an Iardheiscirt|Iardheisceart]] |} {| |- | [[Íomhá:Newborderregionboundary.png | 80px]]<!--[[Íomhá:Ireland location map Border region.svg | 40px]]--> | [[Íomhá:Ireland location map West region.svg | 80px]] | [[Íomhá:Ireland location map Midlands.svg | 80px]] | [[Íomhá:Mid East Ireland 2018.png | 80px]]<!--[[Íomhá:Ireland location map Mid-East.svg | 40px]]--> | [[Íomhá:Island_of_Ireland_location_map_Dublin.svg | 80px]] | [[Íomhá:Mid-West Region Map Ireland 2018.png | 80px]]<!--[[Íomhá:Mid-West Region Map Ireland 2018.png | 40px]]--> | [[Íomhá:SE Region Ireland 2018.png | 80px]]<!--[[Íomhá:Ireland location map South East.svg | 40px]]--> | [[Íomhá:Ireland location map South West.svg | 80px]] |} === Acrainm === * [[Aicmiú Comhchoiteann na nAonad Críche maidir le Staidreamh|NUTS]] - Acáise * [[Comhordú an Eolais ar an Timpeallacht|CORINE]] - Ceolta * [[CORDIS]] - SeoTaifeach * [[Inter-Active Terminology for Europe|IATE]] - Tighe == Eile == # ''[[:en:Authority for European Political Parties and European Political Foundations|Authority for European Political Parties and European Political Foundations]]'' - [[Údarás um Páirtithe Polaitiúla Eorpacha agus um Fhondúireachtaí Polaitiúla Eorpacha]] (2016) # ''[[:en:Agency for Support for BEREC|Agency for Support for BEREC]]'' - [[Gníomhaireacht Tacaíochta BEREC]] (2009) # ''[[:en:EU-CyCLONe|EU-CyCLONe]]'' - [[EU-CyCLONe]] (2020) == Sábháilteacht == {{short description|European Union civil aviation authority}} {{Redirect|EASA}} {{Use British English|date=March 2013}} {{Use dmy dates|date=July 2022}} {{Infobox government agency | name = European Union Aviation Safety Agency (EASA) | type = | seal = | seal_width = | seal_caption = | logo = EASA Logo.svg | logo_width = | logo_caption = | image = EASA Headquarters - EASA Direktion.jpg | image_size = | image_caption = The offices of the agency in [[Cologne]], Germany | formed = {{Start date|2002|07|12|df=y}} <!-- entry into force of Regulation (EC) No 1592/2002 --> | preceding1 = | dissolved = | superseding1 = | jurisdiction = [[European Union|EU]] and [[European Free Trade Association|EFTA]] members<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.easa.europa.eu/domains/international-cooperation/easa-by-country|title=EASA By Country|website=EASA}}</ref> | headquarters = [[Cologne]], Germany | coordinates = <!-- {{coord|LATITUDE|LONGITUDE|type:landmark_region:US|display=inline,title}} --> | motto = | employees = | budget = | chief1_name = [[Florian Guillermet]] | chief1_position = Executive director | keydocument1 = [https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2018/1139 Regulation (EU) 2018/1139] <!--| keydocument2 = [http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg/2008/216/oj Regulation (EC) No 216/2008] | keydocument3 = [http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg/2002/1592/oj Regulation (EC) No 1592/2002]-->| website = {{url|easa.europa.eu}} | footnotes = | embed = | map = {{Location map many | European Union | width = 250px | label1 = Cologne | caption1 = | position1 = right | coordinates1 = {{coord|50.56|6.57}}}} | map_width = 275 | map_caption = }} The '''European Union Aviation Safety Agency''' ('''EASA''') is an [[Agencies of the European Union|agency]] of the [[European Commission]] with responsibility for civil [[aviation safety]] in the [[European Union]]. It carries out [[Type certificate|certification]], regulation and standardisation and also performs investigation and monitoring.{{r|flor|page=§4.3}} It collects and analyses safety data, drafts and advises on safety legislation and co-ordinates with similar organisations in other parts of the world.{{r|flor|page=§4.3}} The idea of a European-level aviation safety authority goes back to 1996, but the agency was legally established only in 2002; it began its work in 2003.{{r|flor|page=§4.3}} == Berec == {{Short description|Agency of the European Union}} {{Infobox government agency | logo = [[File:BEREC logo.png|frameless]] | logo_caption = BEREC logo | formed = 2009 | jurisdiction = European Union | headquarters = Riga, Latvia | coordinates = <!--{{coord|LATITUDE|LONGITUDE|type:landmark_region:US|display=inline,title}}--> | motto = Empowering EU connectivity | employees = | chief1_name = Marko Mišmaš | chief1_position = BEREC Chair 2026 | chief2_name = Verena Weber | chief2_position = Director of the BEREC Office | keydocument1 = [https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2018/1971 Regulation (EU) No 2018/1971] | website = {{URL|https://www.berec.europa.eu|berec.europa.eu}} | picture = BEREC Office Headquarters in Riga.jpg | map = {{Location map|Latvia |width = 200 |float = right |label = Riga |position = right |mark = Green pog.svg <!--green dot--> |lat_deg = 56.946285 |lat_min = <!-- default: lat_dir = N --> |lon_deg = 24.105078 |lon_min = <!-- default: lon_dir = E --> }} | map_caption = | footnotes = | agency_name = Body of European Regulators for Electronic Communications (BEREC) | picture_width = | picture_caption = BEREC Office Headquarters in Riga | map_width = }} The '''Body of European Regulators for Electronic Communications''' ('''BEREC''') is the body in which the regulators of the telecommunications markets in the [[European Union]] work together.<ref name="UIA">{{Cite web |url=https://uia.org/s/or/en/1100015682 |url-access= |title=Body of European Regulators for Electronic Communications (BEREC) |author1=Staff writer |year=2024 |department=UIA Global Civil Society Database |website=uia.org |publisher=[[Union of International Associations]] |agency=Yearbook of International Organizations Online |location=Brussels, Belgium |format= |arxiv= |asin= |bibcode= |doi= |doi-broken-date= |isbn= |issn= |jfm= |jstor= |lccn= |mr= |oclc= |ol= |osti= |pmc= |pmid= |rfc= |ssrn= |zbl= |id= |access-date=3 February 2025 |url-status= |archive-url= |archive-date= |via= |quote= |trans-quote= |ref= |postscript=}}</ref> Other participants include representatives of the [[European Commission]], as well as telecommunication regulators from the member states of the [[European Economic Area|EEA]] and of states that are in the process of joining the EU. == Údarás um Páirtithe Polaitiúla Eorpacha agus um Fhondúireachtaí Polaitiúla Eorpacha == == EU-CyCLONe == EU-CyCLONe or '''European Cyber Crisis Liaison Organisation Network''' is a cooperation network for [[European Union]] members to national authorities in charge of cyber crisis management.<ref name=eu-countries-test-their-ability>{{Cite web |title=EU countries test their ability to cooperate in the event of cyber attacks |url=https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/news/eu-countries-test-their-ability-cooperate-event-cyber-attacks |date=2020-09-29 |access-date=2025-02-24 |website=[[European Commission]]}}</ref> It was set up as part of the [[NIS 2 Directive]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Europe moves closer to stricter cybersecurity standards, reporting regs |url=https://www.theregister.com/2022/05/17/europe_nis2_cybersecurity_regulations/ |last=Lyons |first=Jessica |date=2022-05-17 |access-date=2025-02-24 |website=[[The Register]]}}</ref> It was launched in 2020 and formalised in January 2023.<ref name=im-eu-ramps-up-cyber-resilience>{{Cite news |title=EU Ramps Up Cyber Resilience with Major Crisis Simulation Exercise |last=Poireault |first=Kevin |date=2024-11-11 |url=https://www.infosecurity-magazine.com/news/eu-cyber-resilience-crisis/ |access-date=2025-02-24 |work=Infosecurity Magazine}}</ref> The chair rotates with the [[Presidency of the Council of the European Union]].<ref name=im-eu-ramps-up-cyber-resilience/> EU-CyCLONe will submit a report assessing its work to the [[EU Parliament]] and [[Council of the European Union]] every 18 months, starting 17 October 2024.<ref name=im-eu-ramps-up-cyber-resilience/> ==Blue OLEx The Blueprint Operational Level Exercise is an annual exercise involving senior cybersecurity officials from EU member states and the [[European Commission]], with [[European Union]] support.<ref name=im-eu-ramps-up-cyber-resilience/> In 2024 it was hosted in [[Rome]] by [[Agenzia per la Cybersicurezza Nazionale]], focused on executive level cooperation, particularly via EU-CyCLONe.<ref name=im-eu-ramps-up-cyber-resilience/> ==References {{reflist}} ==External links *[https://www.nis-2-directive.com/NIS_2_Directive_Article_14_(Proposal_16.12.2020).html The NIS 2 Directive, The European cyber crises liaison organisation network (EU - CyCLONe)] - Article 14 on EU-CyCLONe *[https://www.nis-2-directive.com/NIS_2_Directive_Article_16.html The NIS 2 Directive, Final Text] - Article 16 on EU-CyCLONe *[https://www.nis-2-directive.com/NIS_2_Directive_Article_17.html The NIS 2 Directive, Final Text] - Article 17, International cooperation == Tíreolaíocht == [[Réigiún na Teorann]] === Geografaíocht fhisiceach [[Íomhá:Glencar waterfall01.jpg| thumb | 170px | [[Loch Ghleann an Chairthe|Eas Ghleann an Chairthe]], Liatroim]] '' The region encompasses the entire northwest coast of Ireland along the [[an tAigéan Atlantach]]. Two of Ireland's longest rivers, [[an tSionainn]] and the [[an Éirne]], agus an [[Uiscebhealach na Sionainne is na hÉirne]] eatarthu. Cavan and Monaghan in the east of the region are characterized by a drumlin landscape, with hundreds of loughs interspersed between. [[Loch Aillionn]] in Leitrim is the region's largest lake, at 35 km². '' The west of the region, from [[Teallach Eathach]], County Cavan, to the Atlantic coast is largely rocky and mountainous, with coastal cliffs but also beaches in counties Sligo, Donegal and Leitrim. Leitrim has the smallest coastline of any county, at just 5&nbsp;km in length, while Donegal has the longest, at 1,134&nbsp;km. === Foraoiseacht '' there is a total of 130,345 ha of forest and woodland cover in the Border Region, equating to 11.3% of the region's land area, the national average.<ref name=govagri2017 /> '' Traditionally, the region had a very low cover forest and planting schemes were undertaken by the Department of Agriculture or [[Comhlachtaí státurraithe na hÉireann|comhlachtaí státurraithe]] such as [[Coillte]]. County Leitrim is now Ireland's most forested county at 18.9% forest cover. However, over 50% of Leitrim's forests are in private ownership.<ref name=govagri2006 /> === Aeráid '' Under [[Aicmiú aeráide Köppen]], the region experiences a maritime [[aeráid mheasartha]] [[aeráid aigéanach]], meaning cool winters, mild humid summers, and a lack of temperature extremes. Summer daytime temperatures range between 15°C agus 22°C, rarely going beyond 25°C. While the region generally experiences mild winters, upland areas typically have snow. Humidity is high year round and rainfall ranges from ~1,250&nbsp;mm ([[Marcréidh]], Sligeach) to ~1,000&nbsp;mm ([[Béal Átha hÉis]], Cabhán), evenly distributed throughout the year. <ref name=metclimate /> === Geolaíocht [[Íomhá: Benbulben2.jpg | thumb | 200px | [[Binn Ghulbain]], Contae Shligigh]] '' There are many large mountain ranges and high sea cliffs in the region, such as the [[Sléibhte Dhoire Bheatha]], [[Sliabh Liag]], the [[Binn Chuilceach]] agus [[Binn Ghulbain]]. The region is generally underlain by [[an tOrdaivíseach]] and [[an Siolúrach]] sceallaí agus gréabhacaí, laid down 417-495 million years ago. These are found in eastern Cavan and Monaghan. The bedrock of western Cavan, Leitrim and Sligo is composed mostly of [[carbónmhar]] limestones that were laid roughly 355 million years ago. However, a 1.5 billion year old narrow strip of metamorphosed gneisses extend across Sligo near [[Sliabh Gamh]].<ref name=geocavan /><ref name=geosligo /> '' County Donegal has one of the most complex geologies in Ireland. Much of the county is underlain by [[Réamhchaimbriach]] gneiss, schist and quartzite, laid down during the Grenvillian Orogeny 700 million years ago. The Border Region's highest point, [[An Earagail]], at 751 m, is composed of Precambrian quartzite. '' Ireland's oldest rocks, laid down 1.78 billion years ago, are found on the island of [[Inis Trá Tholl]].<ref name=gsi /> Inis Trá Tholl is Ireland's most northerly island, located approximately 10&nbsp;km north of [[Cionn Mhálanna]], mainland Ireland's most northerly point. '' [[Loch Súilí]] in Donegal is one of Ireland's three fjords. == Buntásc == __NOINDEX__ __NOTOC__ aod8g2b047j05qrfli94rlla4jf8ynm 1320673 1320672 2026-07-15T17:38:40Z Marcas.oduinn 33120 /* Údarás um Páirtithe Polaitiúla Eorpacha agus um Fhondúireachtaí Polaitiúla Eorpacha */ 1320673 wikitext text/x-wiki == Ceanntásc == (an t)Údarás um..., (an) G(h)níomhaireacht um... (an) Comhbheartas Talmhaíochta. Cé acu sa teideal? Féach: * [http://www.gaois.ie gaois.ie]. * ''Wikidata list'' [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Wikidata list/Contaetha na hÉireann#Réigiún na hÉireann|Réigiúin na hÉireann]]. === Réigiún === {| class="wikitable" style="width:100%; vertical-align:top;" ! style="width:50%;" | Réigiúin ! style="width:50%;" | Réigiúin NUTS |- | style="text-align:center" | [[Íomhá:IrelandRegions.png | center]] | align=center | [[Íomhá:NUTS3 Boundaries Ireland.png | center]] |- | style="vertical-align:top;" | Réigiúin na hÉireann: * (A) Tuaisceart * (B) Iarthar * (C) Iardheisceart * (D) Oirdheisceart * (E) Oirthear [BÁC] * (F) [[Lár na Tíre (Éire)]] | style="vertical-align:top;" | '''Réigiúin''' NUTS 3 na hÉireann: * [[Réigiún na Teorann|Teorainn]] * [[Réigiún an Iarthair|Iarthar]] * [[Réigiún Lár na Tíre|Lár na Tíre]] * [[Réigiún an Lár-Oirthir|Lár-Oirthear]] * [[Réigiún Bhaile Átha Cliath|Baile Átha Cliath]] * [[Réigiún an Lár-Iarthair|Lár-Iarthar]] * [[Réigiún an Oirdheiscirt|Oirdheisceart]] * [[Réigiún an Iardheiscirt|Iardheisceart]] |} {| |- | [[Íomhá:Newborderregionboundary.png | 80px]]<!--[[Íomhá:Ireland location map Border region.svg | 40px]]--> | [[Íomhá:Ireland location map West region.svg | 80px]] | [[Íomhá:Ireland location map Midlands.svg | 80px]] | [[Íomhá:Mid East Ireland 2018.png | 80px]]<!--[[Íomhá:Ireland location map Mid-East.svg | 40px]]--> | [[Íomhá:Island_of_Ireland_location_map_Dublin.svg | 80px]] | [[Íomhá:Mid-West Region Map Ireland 2018.png | 80px]]<!--[[Íomhá:Mid-West Region Map Ireland 2018.png | 40px]]--> | [[Íomhá:SE Region Ireland 2018.png | 80px]]<!--[[Íomhá:Ireland location map South East.svg | 40px]]--> | [[Íomhá:Ireland location map South West.svg | 80px]] |} === Acrainm === * [[Aicmiú Comhchoiteann na nAonad Críche maidir le Staidreamh|NUTS]] - Acáise * [[Comhordú an Eolais ar an Timpeallacht|CORINE]] - Ceolta * [[CORDIS]] - SeoTaifeach * [[Inter-Active Terminology for Europe|IATE]] - Tighe == Eile == # ''[[:en:Authority for European Political Parties and European Political Foundations|Authority for European Political Parties and European Political Foundations]]'' - [[Údarás um Páirtithe Polaitiúla Eorpacha agus um Fhondúireachtaí Polaitiúla Eorpacha]] (2016) # ''[[:en:Agency for Support for BEREC|Agency for Support for BEREC]]'' - [[Gníomhaireacht Tacaíochta BEREC]] (2009) # ''[[:en:EU-CyCLONe|EU-CyCLONe]]'' - [[EU-CyCLONe]] (2020) == Sábháilteacht == {{short description|European Union civil aviation authority}} {{Redirect|EASA}} {{Use British English|date=March 2013}} {{Use dmy dates|date=July 2022}} {{Infobox government agency | name = European Union Aviation Safety Agency (EASA) | type = | seal = | seal_width = | seal_caption = | logo = EASA Logo.svg | logo_width = | logo_caption = | image = EASA Headquarters - EASA Direktion.jpg | image_size = | image_caption = The offices of the agency in [[Cologne]], Germany | formed = {{Start date|2002|07|12|df=y}} <!-- entry into force of Regulation (EC) No 1592/2002 --> | preceding1 = | dissolved = | superseding1 = | jurisdiction = [[European Union|EU]] and [[European Free Trade Association|EFTA]] members<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.easa.europa.eu/domains/international-cooperation/easa-by-country|title=EASA By Country|website=EASA}}</ref> | headquarters = [[Cologne]], Germany | coordinates = <!-- {{coord|LATITUDE|LONGITUDE|type:landmark_region:US|display=inline,title}} --> | motto = | employees = | budget = | chief1_name = [[Florian Guillermet]] | chief1_position = Executive director | keydocument1 = [https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2018/1139 Regulation (EU) 2018/1139] <!--| keydocument2 = [http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg/2008/216/oj Regulation (EC) No 216/2008] | keydocument3 = [http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg/2002/1592/oj Regulation (EC) No 1592/2002]-->| website = {{url|easa.europa.eu}} | footnotes = | embed = | map = {{Location map many | European Union | width = 250px | label1 = Cologne | caption1 = | position1 = right | coordinates1 = {{coord|50.56|6.57}}}} | map_width = 275 | map_caption = }} The '''European Union Aviation Safety Agency''' ('''EASA''') is an [[Agencies of the European Union|agency]] of the [[European Commission]] with responsibility for civil [[aviation safety]] in the [[European Union]]. It carries out [[Type certificate|certification]], regulation and standardisation and also performs investigation and monitoring.{{r|flor|page=§4.3}} It collects and analyses safety data, drafts and advises on safety legislation and co-ordinates with similar organisations in other parts of the world.{{r|flor|page=§4.3}} The idea of a European-level aviation safety authority goes back to 1996, but the agency was legally established only in 2002; it began its work in 2003.{{r|flor|page=§4.3}} == Berec == {{Short description|Agency of the European Union}} {{Infobox government agency | logo = [[File:BEREC logo.png|frameless]] | logo_caption = BEREC logo | formed = 2009 | jurisdiction = European Union | headquarters = Riga, Latvia | coordinates = <!--{{coord|LATITUDE|LONGITUDE|type:landmark_region:US|display=inline,title}}--> | motto = Empowering EU connectivity | employees = | chief1_name = Marko Mišmaš | chief1_position = BEREC Chair 2026 | chief2_name = Verena Weber | chief2_position = Director of the BEREC Office | keydocument1 = [https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2018/1971 Regulation (EU) No 2018/1971] | website = {{URL|https://www.berec.europa.eu|berec.europa.eu}} | picture = BEREC Office Headquarters in Riga.jpg | map = {{Location map|Latvia |width = 200 |float = right |label = Riga |position = right |mark = Green pog.svg <!--green dot--> |lat_deg = 56.946285 |lat_min = <!-- default: lat_dir = N --> |lon_deg = 24.105078 |lon_min = <!-- default: lon_dir = E --> }} | map_caption = | footnotes = | agency_name = Body of European Regulators for Electronic Communications (BEREC) | picture_width = | picture_caption = BEREC Office Headquarters in Riga | map_width = }} The '''Body of European Regulators for Electronic Communications''' ('''BEREC''') is the body in which the regulators of the telecommunications markets in the [[European Union]] work together.<ref name="UIA">{{Cite web |url=https://uia.org/s/or/en/1100015682 |url-access= |title=Body of European Regulators for Electronic Communications (BEREC) |author1=Staff writer |year=2024 |department=UIA Global Civil Society Database |website=uia.org |publisher=[[Union of International Associations]] |agency=Yearbook of International Organizations Online |location=Brussels, Belgium |format= |arxiv= |asin= |bibcode= |doi= |doi-broken-date= |isbn= |issn= |jfm= |jstor= |lccn= |mr= |oclc= |ol= |osti= |pmc= |pmid= |rfc= |ssrn= |zbl= |id= |access-date=3 February 2025 |url-status= |archive-url= |archive-date= |via= |quote= |trans-quote= |ref= |postscript=}}</ref> Other participants include representatives of the [[European Commission]], as well as telecommunication regulators from the member states of the [[European Economic Area|EEA]] and of states that are in the process of joining the EU. == Údarás um Páirtithe Polaitiúla Eorpacha agus um Fhondúireachtaí Polaitiúla Eorpacha == {{Short description|Body in charge of monitoring European political parties and foundations}} {{Primary sources|date=September 2024}} {{Use dmy dates|date=June 2020}} {{Infobox government agency | agency_name = Authority for European Political Parties and European Political Foundations | type = | nativename = | nativename_a = | nativename_r = | logo = APPF logo.jpg | logo_width = | logo_caption = | picture = | picture_width = | picture_caption = | formed = {{Start date and age|2016|09|01|df=y}} | dissolved = | superseding = | jurisdiction = [[European Union]] | headquarters = Rue Wiertz 60, 1047 [[Brussels]], Belgium<ref>{{cite web |title=The Authority |website=Authority for European Political Parties and European Political Foundations |access-date=17 September 2024 |url=https://www.appf.europa.eu/appf/en/home/the-authority}}</ref> | coordinates = <!--{{coord|LATITUDE|LONGITUDE|type:landmark_region:US|display=inline,title}}--> | motto = | employees = 11 (by end 2023)<ref>{{cite report |date=2023 |title=APPF Annual Activity Report 2023 |publisher=Authority for European Political Parties and European Political Foundations |url=https://www.appf.europa.eu/cmsdata/281877/APPF%20Annual%20Activity%20Report%202023.pdf#page=25 |language=en}}</ref> | budget = €3.18{{nbsp}}million (2024)<ref>{{cite report |date=2023 |title=Defending European Democratic Integrity in a World of Uncertainty, Draft Budgetary Plan 2025 |publisher=Authority for European Political Parties and European Political Foundations |url=https://www.appf.europa.eu/cmsdata/279686/2023%2012%2021%20APPF%20draft%20budget%20plan_2025.pdf |language=en}}</ref> | chief1_name = Pascal Schonard ([[France|FR]]) | chief1_position = Director | agency_type = body of the European Union | keydocument1 = [https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:02014R1141-20190327 Regulation (EU, Euratom) No. 1141/2014] | website = [https://www.appf.europa.eu/appf/en/home/ appf.europa.eu] | footnotes = | map = {{Location map many | European Union | width = 250px | label1 = Brussels | caption1 = | position1 = right | coordinates1 = {{coord|50.50|4.22}} | map_width = 275 | map_caption = }} }} {{Politics of the European Union}} The '''Authority for European Political Parties and European Political Foundations''' ('''APPF''') is a [[Agencies of the European Union|body of the European Union]] in charge of registering, controlling and imposing sanctions on [[European political party|European political parties]] and [[European political foundation]]s. The APPF has offices in [[Brussels]] and [[Strasbourg]]; since 2021, its Director has been Pascal Schonard. == EU-CyCLONe == EU-CyCLONe or '''European Cyber Crisis Liaison Organisation Network''' is a cooperation network for [[European Union]] members to national authorities in charge of cyber crisis management.<ref name=eu-countries-test-their-ability>{{Cite web |title=EU countries test their ability to cooperate in the event of cyber attacks |url=https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/news/eu-countries-test-their-ability-cooperate-event-cyber-attacks |date=2020-09-29 |access-date=2025-02-24 |website=[[European Commission]]}}</ref> It was set up as part of the [[NIS 2 Directive]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Europe moves closer to stricter cybersecurity standards, reporting regs |url=https://www.theregister.com/2022/05/17/europe_nis2_cybersecurity_regulations/ |last=Lyons |first=Jessica |date=2022-05-17 |access-date=2025-02-24 |website=[[The Register]]}}</ref> It was launched in 2020 and formalised in January 2023.<ref name=im-eu-ramps-up-cyber-resilience>{{Cite news |title=EU Ramps Up Cyber Resilience with Major Crisis Simulation Exercise |last=Poireault |first=Kevin |date=2024-11-11 |url=https://www.infosecurity-magazine.com/news/eu-cyber-resilience-crisis/ |access-date=2025-02-24 |work=Infosecurity Magazine}}</ref> The chair rotates with the [[Presidency of the Council of the European Union]].<ref name=im-eu-ramps-up-cyber-resilience/> EU-CyCLONe will submit a report assessing its work to the [[EU Parliament]] and [[Council of the European Union]] every 18 months, starting 17 October 2024.<ref name=im-eu-ramps-up-cyber-resilience/> ==Blue OLEx The Blueprint Operational Level Exercise is an annual exercise involving senior cybersecurity officials from EU member states and the [[European Commission]], with [[European Union]] support.<ref name=im-eu-ramps-up-cyber-resilience/> In 2024 it was hosted in [[Rome]] by [[Agenzia per la Cybersicurezza Nazionale]], focused on executive level cooperation, particularly via EU-CyCLONe.<ref name=im-eu-ramps-up-cyber-resilience/> ==References {{reflist}} ==External links *[https://www.nis-2-directive.com/NIS_2_Directive_Article_14_(Proposal_16.12.2020).html The NIS 2 Directive, The European cyber crises liaison organisation network (EU - CyCLONe)] - Article 14 on EU-CyCLONe *[https://www.nis-2-directive.com/NIS_2_Directive_Article_16.html The NIS 2 Directive, Final Text] - Article 16 on EU-CyCLONe *[https://www.nis-2-directive.com/NIS_2_Directive_Article_17.html The NIS 2 Directive, Final Text] - Article 17, International cooperation == Tíreolaíocht == [[Réigiún na Teorann]] === Geografaíocht fhisiceach [[Íomhá:Glencar waterfall01.jpg| thumb | 170px | [[Loch Ghleann an Chairthe|Eas Ghleann an Chairthe]], Liatroim]] '' The region encompasses the entire northwest coast of Ireland along the [[an tAigéan Atlantach]]. Two of Ireland's longest rivers, [[an tSionainn]] and the [[an Éirne]], agus an [[Uiscebhealach na Sionainne is na hÉirne]] eatarthu. Cavan and Monaghan in the east of the region are characterized by a drumlin landscape, with hundreds of loughs interspersed between. [[Loch Aillionn]] in Leitrim is the region's largest lake, at 35 km². '' The west of the region, from [[Teallach Eathach]], County Cavan, to the Atlantic coast is largely rocky and mountainous, with coastal cliffs but also beaches in counties Sligo, Donegal and Leitrim. Leitrim has the smallest coastline of any county, at just 5&nbsp;km in length, while Donegal has the longest, at 1,134&nbsp;km. === Foraoiseacht '' there is a total of 130,345 ha of forest and woodland cover in the Border Region, equating to 11.3% of the region's land area, the national average.<ref name=govagri2017 /> '' Traditionally, the region had a very low cover forest and planting schemes were undertaken by the Department of Agriculture or [[Comhlachtaí státurraithe na hÉireann|comhlachtaí státurraithe]] such as [[Coillte]]. County Leitrim is now Ireland's most forested county at 18.9% forest cover. However, over 50% of Leitrim's forests are in private ownership.<ref name=govagri2006 /> === Aeráid '' Under [[Aicmiú aeráide Köppen]], the region experiences a maritime [[aeráid mheasartha]] [[aeráid aigéanach]], meaning cool winters, mild humid summers, and a lack of temperature extremes. Summer daytime temperatures range between 15°C agus 22°C, rarely going beyond 25°C. While the region generally experiences mild winters, upland areas typically have snow. Humidity is high year round and rainfall ranges from ~1,250&nbsp;mm ([[Marcréidh]], Sligeach) to ~1,000&nbsp;mm ([[Béal Átha hÉis]], Cabhán), evenly distributed throughout the year. <ref name=metclimate /> === Geolaíocht [[Íomhá: Benbulben2.jpg | thumb | 200px | [[Binn Ghulbain]], Contae Shligigh]] '' There are many large mountain ranges and high sea cliffs in the region, such as the [[Sléibhte Dhoire Bheatha]], [[Sliabh Liag]], the [[Binn Chuilceach]] agus [[Binn Ghulbain]]. The region is generally underlain by [[an tOrdaivíseach]] and [[an Siolúrach]] sceallaí agus gréabhacaí, laid down 417-495 million years ago. These are found in eastern Cavan and Monaghan. The bedrock of western Cavan, Leitrim and Sligo is composed mostly of [[carbónmhar]] limestones that were laid roughly 355 million years ago. However, a 1.5 billion year old narrow strip of metamorphosed gneisses extend across Sligo near [[Sliabh Gamh]].<ref name=geocavan /><ref name=geosligo /> '' County Donegal has one of the most complex geologies in Ireland. Much of the county is underlain by [[Réamhchaimbriach]] gneiss, schist and quartzite, laid down during the Grenvillian Orogeny 700 million years ago. The Border Region's highest point, [[An Earagail]], at 751 m, is composed of Precambrian quartzite. '' Ireland's oldest rocks, laid down 1.78 billion years ago, are found on the island of [[Inis Trá Tholl]].<ref name=gsi /> Inis Trá Tholl is Ireland's most northerly island, located approximately 10&nbsp;km north of [[Cionn Mhálanna]], mainland Ireland's most northerly point. '' [[Loch Súilí]] in Donegal is one of Ireland's three fjords. == Buntásc == __NOINDEX__ __NOTOC__ 6eb2kciulqb575e945rme22fqharaqp 1320677 1320673 2026-07-15T19:34:38Z Marcas.oduinn 33120 /* EU-CyCLONe */ 1320677 wikitext text/x-wiki == Ceanntásc == (an t)Údarás um..., (an) G(h)níomhaireacht um... (an) Comhbheartas Talmhaíochta. Cé acu sa teideal? Féach: * [http://www.gaois.ie gaois.ie]. * ''Wikidata list'' [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Wikidata list/Contaetha na hÉireann#Réigiún na hÉireann|Réigiúin na hÉireann]]. === Réigiún === {| class="wikitable" style="width:100%; vertical-align:top;" ! style="width:50%;" | Réigiúin ! style="width:50%;" | Réigiúin NUTS |- | style="text-align:center" | [[Íomhá:IrelandRegions.png | center]] | align=center | [[Íomhá:NUTS3 Boundaries Ireland.png | center]] |- | style="vertical-align:top;" | Réigiúin na hÉireann: * (A) Tuaisceart * (B) Iarthar * (C) Iardheisceart * (D) Oirdheisceart * (E) Oirthear [BÁC] * (F) [[Lár na Tíre (Éire)]] | style="vertical-align:top;" | '''Réigiúin''' NUTS 3 na hÉireann: * [[Réigiún na Teorann|Teorainn]] * [[Réigiún an Iarthair|Iarthar]] * [[Réigiún Lár na Tíre|Lár na Tíre]] * [[Réigiún an Lár-Oirthir|Lár-Oirthear]] * [[Réigiún Bhaile Átha Cliath|Baile Átha Cliath]] * [[Réigiún an Lár-Iarthair|Lár-Iarthar]] * [[Réigiún an Oirdheiscirt|Oirdheisceart]] * [[Réigiún an Iardheiscirt|Iardheisceart]] |} {| |- | [[Íomhá:Newborderregionboundary.png | 80px]]<!--[[Íomhá:Ireland location map Border region.svg | 40px]]--> | [[Íomhá:Ireland location map West region.svg | 80px]] | [[Íomhá:Ireland location map Midlands.svg | 80px]] | [[Íomhá:Mid East Ireland 2018.png | 80px]]<!--[[Íomhá:Ireland location map Mid-East.svg | 40px]]--> | [[Íomhá:Island_of_Ireland_location_map_Dublin.svg | 80px]] | [[Íomhá:Mid-West Region Map Ireland 2018.png | 80px]]<!--[[Íomhá:Mid-West Region Map Ireland 2018.png | 40px]]--> | [[Íomhá:SE Region Ireland 2018.png | 80px]]<!--[[Íomhá:Ireland location map South East.svg | 40px]]--> | [[Íomhá:Ireland location map South West.svg | 80px]] |} === Acrainm === * [[Aicmiú Comhchoiteann na nAonad Críche maidir le Staidreamh|NUTS]] - Acáise * [[Comhordú an Eolais ar an Timpeallacht|CORINE]] - Ceolta * [[CORDIS]] - SeoTaifeach * [[Inter-Active Terminology for Europe|IATE]] - Tighe == Eile == # ''[[:en:Authority for European Political Parties and European Political Foundations|Authority for European Political Parties and European Political Foundations]]'' - [[Údarás um Páirtithe Polaitiúla Eorpacha agus um Fhondúireachtaí Polaitiúla Eorpacha]] (2016) # ''[[:en:Agency for Support for BEREC|Agency for Support for BEREC]]'' - [[Gníomhaireacht Tacaíochta BEREC]] (2009) # ''[[:en:EU-CyCLONe|EU-CyCLONe]]'' - [[EU-CyCLONe]] (2020) == Sábháilteacht == {{short description|European Union civil aviation authority}} {{Redirect|EASA}} {{Use British English|date=March 2013}} {{Use dmy dates|date=July 2022}} {{Infobox government agency | name = European Union Aviation Safety Agency (EASA) | type = | seal = | seal_width = | seal_caption = | logo = EASA Logo.svg | logo_width = | logo_caption = | image = EASA Headquarters - EASA Direktion.jpg | image_size = | image_caption = The offices of the agency in [[Cologne]], Germany | formed = {{Start date|2002|07|12|df=y}} <!-- entry into force of Regulation (EC) No 1592/2002 --> | preceding1 = | dissolved = | superseding1 = | jurisdiction = [[European Union|EU]] and [[European Free Trade Association|EFTA]] members<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.easa.europa.eu/domains/international-cooperation/easa-by-country|title=EASA By Country|website=EASA}}</ref> | headquarters = [[Cologne]], Germany | coordinates = <!-- {{coord|LATITUDE|LONGITUDE|type:landmark_region:US|display=inline,title}} --> | motto = | employees = | budget = | chief1_name = [[Florian Guillermet]] | chief1_position = Executive director | keydocument1 = [https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2018/1139 Regulation (EU) 2018/1139] <!--| keydocument2 = [http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg/2008/216/oj Regulation (EC) No 216/2008] | keydocument3 = [http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg/2002/1592/oj Regulation (EC) No 1592/2002]-->| website = {{url|easa.europa.eu}} | footnotes = | embed = | map = {{Location map many | European Union | width = 250px | label1 = Cologne | caption1 = | position1 = right | coordinates1 = {{coord|50.56|6.57}}}} | map_width = 275 | map_caption = }} The '''European Union Aviation Safety Agency''' ('''EASA''') is an [[Agencies of the European Union|agency]] of the [[European Commission]] with responsibility for civil [[aviation safety]] in the [[European Union]]. It carries out [[Type certificate|certification]], regulation and standardisation and also performs investigation and monitoring.{{r|flor|page=§4.3}} It collects and analyses safety data, drafts and advises on safety legislation and co-ordinates with similar organisations in other parts of the world.{{r|flor|page=§4.3}} The idea of a European-level aviation safety authority goes back to 1996, but the agency was legally established only in 2002; it began its work in 2003.{{r|flor|page=§4.3}} == Berec == {{Short description|Agency of the European Union}} {{Infobox government agency | logo = [[File:BEREC logo.png|frameless]] | logo_caption = BEREC logo | formed = 2009 | jurisdiction = European Union | headquarters = Riga, Latvia | coordinates = <!--{{coord|LATITUDE|LONGITUDE|type:landmark_region:US|display=inline,title}}--> | motto = Empowering EU connectivity | employees = | chief1_name = Marko Mišmaš | chief1_position = BEREC Chair 2026 | chief2_name = Verena Weber | chief2_position = Director of the BEREC Office | keydocument1 = [https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2018/1971 Regulation (EU) No 2018/1971] | website = {{URL|https://www.berec.europa.eu|berec.europa.eu}} | picture = BEREC Office Headquarters in Riga.jpg | map = {{Location map|Latvia |width = 200 |float = right |label = Riga |position = right |mark = Green pog.svg <!--green dot--> |lat_deg = 56.946285 |lat_min = <!-- default: lat_dir = N --> |lon_deg = 24.105078 |lon_min = <!-- default: lon_dir = E --> }} | map_caption = | footnotes = | agency_name = Body of European Regulators for Electronic Communications (BEREC) | picture_width = | picture_caption = BEREC Office Headquarters in Riga | map_width = }} The '''Body of European Regulators for Electronic Communications''' ('''BEREC''') is the body in which the regulators of the telecommunications markets in the [[European Union]] work together.<ref name="UIA">{{Cite web |url=https://uia.org/s/or/en/1100015682 |url-access= |title=Body of European Regulators for Electronic Communications (BEREC) |author1=Staff writer |year=2024 |department=UIA Global Civil Society Database |website=uia.org |publisher=[[Union of International Associations]] |agency=Yearbook of International Organizations Online |location=Brussels, Belgium |format= |arxiv= |asin= |bibcode= |doi= |doi-broken-date= |isbn= |issn= |jfm= |jstor= |lccn= |mr= |oclc= |ol= |osti= |pmc= |pmid= |rfc= |ssrn= |zbl= |id= |access-date=3 February 2025 |url-status= |archive-url= |archive-date= |via= |quote= |trans-quote= |ref= |postscript=}}</ref> Other participants include representatives of the [[European Commission]], as well as telecommunication regulators from the member states of the [[European Economic Area|EEA]] and of states that are in the process of joining the EU. == Údarás um Páirtithe Polaitiúla Eorpacha agus um Fhondúireachtaí Polaitiúla Eorpacha == {{Short description|Body in charge of monitoring European political parties and foundations}} {{Primary sources|date=September 2024}} {{Use dmy dates|date=June 2020}} {{Infobox government agency | agency_name = Authority for European Political Parties and European Political Foundations | type = | nativename = | nativename_a = | nativename_r = | logo = APPF logo.jpg | logo_width = | logo_caption = | picture = | picture_width = | picture_caption = | formed = {{Start date and age|2016|09|01|df=y}} | dissolved = | superseding = | jurisdiction = [[European Union]] | headquarters = Rue Wiertz 60, 1047 [[Brussels]], Belgium<ref>{{cite web |title=The Authority |website=Authority for European Political Parties and European Political Foundations |access-date=17 September 2024 |url=https://www.appf.europa.eu/appf/en/home/the-authority}}</ref> | coordinates = <!--{{coord|LATITUDE|LONGITUDE|type:landmark_region:US|display=inline,title}}--> | motto = | employees = 11 (by end 2023)<ref>{{cite report |date=2023 |title=APPF Annual Activity Report 2023 |publisher=Authority for European Political Parties and European Political Foundations |url=https://www.appf.europa.eu/cmsdata/281877/APPF%20Annual%20Activity%20Report%202023.pdf#page=25 |language=en}}</ref> | budget = €3.18{{nbsp}}million (2024)<ref>{{cite report |date=2023 |title=Defending European Democratic Integrity in a World of Uncertainty, Draft Budgetary Plan 2025 |publisher=Authority for European Political Parties and European Political Foundations |url=https://www.appf.europa.eu/cmsdata/279686/2023%2012%2021%20APPF%20draft%20budget%20plan_2025.pdf |language=en}}</ref> | chief1_name = Pascal Schonard ([[France|FR]]) | chief1_position = Director | agency_type = body of the European Union | keydocument1 = [https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:02014R1141-20190327 Regulation (EU, Euratom) No. 1141/2014] | website = [https://www.appf.europa.eu/appf/en/home/ appf.europa.eu] | footnotes = | map = {{Location map many | European Union | width = 250px | label1 = Brussels | caption1 = | position1 = right | coordinates1 = {{coord|50.50|4.22}} | map_width = 275 | map_caption = }} }} {{Politics of the European Union}} The '''Authority for European Political Parties and European Political Foundations''' ('''APPF''') is a [[Agencies of the European Union|body of the European Union]] in charge of registering, controlling and imposing sanctions on [[European political party|European political parties]] and [[European political foundation]]s. The APPF has offices in [[Brussels]] and [[Strasbourg]]; since 2021, its Director has been Pascal Schonard. == EU-CyCLONe == '' EU-CyCLONe or '''European Cyber Crisis Liaison Organisation Network''' is a cooperation network for [[European Union]] members to national authorities in charge of cyber crisis management. <ref name=ability>{{lua idirlín | team = EU countries test their ability to cooperate in the event of cyber attacks | url = https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/news/eu-countries-test-their-ability-cooperate-event-cyber-attacks | dáta = 2020-09-29 | dátarochtana = 2025-02-24 | work = [[an Coimisiún Eorpach]]}}</ref> It was set up as part of the [[NIS 2 Directive]]. <ref name=nis2>{{lua idirlín | teideal = Europe moves closer to stricter cybersecurity standards, reporting regs |url=https://www.theregister.com/2022/05/17/europe_nis2_cybersecurity_regulations/ | sloinne = Lyons | ainm = Jessica | dáta = 2022-05-17 | dátarochtana = 2025-02-24 | work = [[The Register]]}}</ref> '' It was launched in 2020 and formalised in January 2023. <ref name=cyber-resilience>{{cite news | teideal = EU Ramps Up Cyber Resilience with Major Crisis Simulation Exercise | sloinne = Poireault | ainm = Kevin | dáta = 2024-11-11 | url = https://www.infosecurity-magazine.com/news/eu-cyber-resilience-crisis/ | dátarochtana = 2025-02-24 | work = Infosecurity Magazine}}</ref> The chair rotates with the [[Uachtaránacht ar Chomhairle an Aontais Eorpaigh]].<ref name=cyber-resilience/> '' EU-CyCLONe submits a report assessing its work to the [[Parlaimint na hEorpa]] and [[Comhairle an Aontais Eorpaigh]] every 18 months, starting 17 October 2024.<ref name=cyber-resilience/> == Blue OLEx '' The Blueprint Operational Level Exercise is an annual exercise involving senior cybersecurity officials from EU member states and the [[an Coimisiún Eorpach]], with [[an tAontas Eorpach]] support.<ref name=cyber-resilience/> In 2024 it was hosted in [[an Róimh]] by [[Agenzia per la Cybersicurezza Nazionale]], focused on executive level cooperation, particularly via EU-CyCLONe.<ref name=cyber-resilience/> == Naisc sheachtracha * [https://www.nis-2-directive.com/NIS_2_Directive_Article_14_(Proposal_16.12.2020).html The NIS 2 Directive, The European cyber crises liaison organisation network (EU - CyCLONe)] - Article 14 on EU-CyCLONe * [https://www.nis-2-directive.com/NIS_2_Directive_Article_16.html The NIS 2 Directive, Final Text] - Article 16 on EU-CyCLONe * [https://www.nis-2-directive.com/NIS_2_Directive_Article_17.html The NIS 2 Directive, Final Text] - Article 17, International cooperation == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = }} == Tíreolaíocht == [[Réigiún na Teorann]] === Geografaíocht fhisiceach [[Íomhá:Glencar waterfall01.jpg| thumb | 170px | [[Loch Ghleann an Chairthe|Eas Ghleann an Chairthe]], Liatroim]] '' The region encompasses the entire northwest coast of Ireland along the [[an tAigéan Atlantach]]. Two of Ireland's longest rivers, [[an tSionainn]] and the [[an Éirne]], agus an [[Uiscebhealach na Sionainne is na hÉirne]] eatarthu. Cavan and Monaghan in the east of the region are characterized by a drumlin landscape, with hundreds of loughs interspersed between. [[Loch Aillionn]] in Leitrim is the region's largest lake, at 35 km². '' The west of the region, from [[Teallach Eathach]], County Cavan, to the Atlantic coast is largely rocky and mountainous, with coastal cliffs but also beaches in counties Sligo, Donegal and Leitrim. Leitrim has the smallest coastline of any county, at just 5&nbsp;km in length, while Donegal has the longest, at 1,134&nbsp;km. === Foraoiseacht '' there is a total of 130,345 ha of forest and woodland cover in the Border Region, equating to 11.3% of the region's land area, the national average.<ref name=govagri2017 /> '' Traditionally, the region had a very low cover forest and planting schemes were undertaken by the Department of Agriculture or [[Comhlachtaí státurraithe na hÉireann|comhlachtaí státurraithe]] such as [[Coillte]]. County Leitrim is now Ireland's most forested county at 18.9% forest cover. However, over 50% of Leitrim's forests are in private ownership.<ref name=govagri2006 /> === Aeráid '' Under [[Aicmiú aeráide Köppen]], the region experiences a maritime [[aeráid mheasartha]] [[aeráid aigéanach]], meaning cool winters, mild humid summers, and a lack of temperature extremes. Summer daytime temperatures range between 15°C agus 22°C, rarely going beyond 25°C. While the region generally experiences mild winters, upland areas typically have snow. Humidity is high year round and rainfall ranges from ~1,250&nbsp;mm ([[Marcréidh]], Sligeach) to ~1,000&nbsp;mm ([[Béal Átha hÉis]], Cabhán), evenly distributed throughout the year. <ref name=metclimate /> === Geolaíocht [[Íomhá: Benbulben2.jpg | thumb | 200px | [[Binn Ghulbain]], Contae Shligigh]] '' There are many large mountain ranges and high sea cliffs in the region, such as the [[Sléibhte Dhoire Bheatha]], [[Sliabh Liag]], the [[Binn Chuilceach]] agus [[Binn Ghulbain]]. The region is generally underlain by [[an tOrdaivíseach]] and [[an Siolúrach]] sceallaí agus gréabhacaí, laid down 417-495 million years ago. These are found in eastern Cavan and Monaghan. The bedrock of western Cavan, Leitrim and Sligo is composed mostly of [[carbónmhar]] limestones that were laid roughly 355 million years ago. However, a 1.5 billion year old narrow strip of metamorphosed gneisses extend across Sligo near [[Sliabh Gamh]].<ref name=geocavan /><ref name=geosligo /> '' County Donegal has one of the most complex geologies in Ireland. Much of the county is underlain by [[Réamhchaimbriach]] gneiss, schist and quartzite, laid down during the Grenvillian Orogeny 700 million years ago. The Border Region's highest point, [[An Earagail]], at 751 m, is composed of Precambrian quartzite. '' Ireland's oldest rocks, laid down 1.78 billion years ago, are found on the island of [[Inis Trá Tholl]].<ref name=gsi /> Inis Trá Tholl is Ireland's most northerly island, located approximately 10&nbsp;km north of [[Cionn Mhálanna]], mainland Ireland's most northerly point. '' [[Loch Súilí]] in Donegal is one of Ireland's three fjords. == Buntásc == __NOINDEX__ __NOTOC__ fr44vy74sxixhap9kshtdfwiovylsja 1320678 1320677 2026-07-15T19:39:49Z Marcas.oduinn 33120 /* EU-CyCLONe */ 1320678 wikitext text/x-wiki == Ceanntásc == (an t)Údarás um..., (an) G(h)níomhaireacht um... (an) Comhbheartas Talmhaíochta. Cé acu sa teideal? Féach: * [http://www.gaois.ie gaois.ie]. * ''Wikidata list'' [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Wikidata list/Contaetha na hÉireann#Réigiún na hÉireann|Réigiúin na hÉireann]]. === Réigiún === {| class="wikitable" style="width:100%; vertical-align:top;" ! style="width:50%;" | Réigiúin ! style="width:50%;" | Réigiúin NUTS |- | style="text-align:center" | [[Íomhá:IrelandRegions.png | center]] | align=center | [[Íomhá:NUTS3 Boundaries Ireland.png | center]] |- | style="vertical-align:top;" | Réigiúin na hÉireann: * (A) Tuaisceart * (B) Iarthar * (C) Iardheisceart * (D) Oirdheisceart * (E) Oirthear [BÁC] * (F) [[Lár na Tíre (Éire)]] | style="vertical-align:top;" | '''Réigiúin''' NUTS 3 na hÉireann: * [[Réigiún na Teorann|Teorainn]] * [[Réigiún an Iarthair|Iarthar]] * [[Réigiún Lár na Tíre|Lár na Tíre]] * [[Réigiún an Lár-Oirthir|Lár-Oirthear]] * [[Réigiún Bhaile Átha Cliath|Baile Átha Cliath]] * [[Réigiún an Lár-Iarthair|Lár-Iarthar]] * [[Réigiún an Oirdheiscirt|Oirdheisceart]] * [[Réigiún an Iardheiscirt|Iardheisceart]] |} {| |- | [[Íomhá:Newborderregionboundary.png | 80px]]<!--[[Íomhá:Ireland location map Border region.svg | 40px]]--> | [[Íomhá:Ireland location map West region.svg | 80px]] | [[Íomhá:Ireland location map Midlands.svg | 80px]] | [[Íomhá:Mid East Ireland 2018.png | 80px]]<!--[[Íomhá:Ireland location map Mid-East.svg | 40px]]--> | [[Íomhá:Island_of_Ireland_location_map_Dublin.svg | 80px]] | [[Íomhá:Mid-West Region Map Ireland 2018.png | 80px]]<!--[[Íomhá:Mid-West Region Map Ireland 2018.png | 40px]]--> | [[Íomhá:SE Region Ireland 2018.png | 80px]]<!--[[Íomhá:Ireland location map South East.svg | 40px]]--> | [[Íomhá:Ireland location map South West.svg | 80px]] |} === Acrainm === * [[Aicmiú Comhchoiteann na nAonad Críche maidir le Staidreamh|NUTS]] - Acáise * [[Comhordú an Eolais ar an Timpeallacht|CORINE]] - Ceolta * [[CORDIS]] - SeoTaifeach * [[Inter-Active Terminology for Europe|IATE]] - Tighe == Eile == # ''[[:en:Authority for European Political Parties and European Political Foundations|Authority for European Political Parties and European Political Foundations]]'' - [[Údarás um Páirtithe Polaitiúla Eorpacha agus um Fhondúireachtaí Polaitiúla Eorpacha]] (2016) # ''[[:en:Agency for Support for BEREC|Agency for Support for BEREC]]'' - [[Gníomhaireacht Tacaíochta BEREC]] (2009) # ''[[:en:EU-CyCLONe|EU-CyCLONe]]'' - [[EU-CyCLONe]] (2020) == Sábháilteacht == {{short description|European Union civil aviation authority}} {{Redirect|EASA}} {{Use British English|date=March 2013}} {{Use dmy dates|date=July 2022}} {{Infobox government agency | name = European Union Aviation Safety Agency (EASA) | type = | seal = | seal_width = | seal_caption = | logo = EASA Logo.svg | logo_width = | logo_caption = | image = EASA Headquarters - EASA Direktion.jpg | image_size = | image_caption = The offices of the agency in [[Cologne]], Germany | formed = {{Start date|2002|07|12|df=y}} <!-- entry into force of Regulation (EC) No 1592/2002 --> | preceding1 = | dissolved = | superseding1 = | jurisdiction = [[European Union|EU]] and [[European Free Trade Association|EFTA]] members<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.easa.europa.eu/domains/international-cooperation/easa-by-country|title=EASA By Country|website=EASA}}</ref> | headquarters = [[Cologne]], Germany | coordinates = <!-- {{coord|LATITUDE|LONGITUDE|type:landmark_region:US|display=inline,title}} --> | motto = | employees = | budget = | chief1_name = [[Florian Guillermet]] | chief1_position = Executive director | keydocument1 = [https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2018/1139 Regulation (EU) 2018/1139] <!--| keydocument2 = [http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg/2008/216/oj Regulation (EC) No 216/2008] | keydocument3 = [http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg/2002/1592/oj Regulation (EC) No 1592/2002]-->| website = {{url|easa.europa.eu}} | footnotes = | embed = | map = {{Location map many | European Union | width = 250px | label1 = Cologne | caption1 = | position1 = right | coordinates1 = {{coord|50.56|6.57}}}} | map_width = 275 | map_caption = }} The '''European Union Aviation Safety Agency''' ('''EASA''') is an [[Agencies of the European Union|agency]] of the [[European Commission]] with responsibility for civil [[aviation safety]] in the [[European Union]]. It carries out [[Type certificate|certification]], regulation and standardisation and also performs investigation and monitoring.{{r|flor|page=§4.3}} It collects and analyses safety data, drafts and advises on safety legislation and co-ordinates with similar organisations in other parts of the world.{{r|flor|page=§4.3}} The idea of a European-level aviation safety authority goes back to 1996, but the agency was legally established only in 2002; it began its work in 2003.{{r|flor|page=§4.3}} == Berec == {{Short description|Agency of the European Union}} {{Infobox government agency | logo = [[File:BEREC logo.png|frameless]] | logo_caption = BEREC logo | formed = 2009 | jurisdiction = European Union | headquarters = Riga, Latvia | coordinates = <!--{{coord|LATITUDE|LONGITUDE|type:landmark_region:US|display=inline,title}}--> | motto = Empowering EU connectivity | employees = | chief1_name = Marko Mišmaš | chief1_position = BEREC Chair 2026 | chief2_name = Verena Weber | chief2_position = Director of the BEREC Office | keydocument1 = [https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2018/1971 Regulation (EU) No 2018/1971] | website = {{URL|https://www.berec.europa.eu|berec.europa.eu}} | picture = BEREC Office Headquarters in Riga.jpg | map = {{Location map|Latvia |width = 200 |float = right |label = Riga |position = right |mark = Green pog.svg <!--green dot--> |lat_deg = 56.946285 |lat_min = <!-- default: lat_dir = N --> |lon_deg = 24.105078 |lon_min = <!-- default: lon_dir = E --> }} | map_caption = | footnotes = | agency_name = Body of European Regulators for Electronic Communications (BEREC) | picture_width = | picture_caption = BEREC Office Headquarters in Riga | map_width = }} The '''Body of European Regulators for Electronic Communications''' ('''BEREC''') is the body in which the regulators of the telecommunications markets in the [[European Union]] work together.<ref name="UIA">{{Cite web |url=https://uia.org/s/or/en/1100015682 |url-access= |title=Body of European Regulators for Electronic Communications (BEREC) |author1=Staff writer |year=2024 |department=UIA Global Civil Society Database |website=uia.org |publisher=[[Union of International Associations]] |agency=Yearbook of International Organizations Online |location=Brussels, Belgium |format= |arxiv= |asin= |bibcode= |doi= |doi-broken-date= |isbn= |issn= |jfm= |jstor= |lccn= |mr= |oclc= |ol= |osti= |pmc= |pmid= |rfc= |ssrn= |zbl= |id= |access-date=3 February 2025 |url-status= |archive-url= |archive-date= |via= |quote= |trans-quote= |ref= |postscript=}}</ref> Other participants include representatives of the [[European Commission]], as well as telecommunication regulators from the member states of the [[European Economic Area|EEA]] and of states that are in the process of joining the EU. == Údarás um Páirtithe Polaitiúla Eorpacha agus um Fhondúireachtaí Polaitiúla Eorpacha == {{Short description|Body in charge of monitoring European political parties and foundations}} {{Primary sources|date=September 2024}} {{Use dmy dates|date=June 2020}} {{Infobox government agency | agency_name = Authority for European Political Parties and European Political Foundations | type = | nativename = | nativename_a = | nativename_r = | logo = APPF logo.jpg | logo_width = | logo_caption = | picture = | picture_width = | picture_caption = | formed = {{Start date and age|2016|09|01|df=y}} | dissolved = | superseding = | jurisdiction = [[European Union]] | headquarters = Rue Wiertz 60, 1047 [[Brussels]], Belgium<ref>{{cite web |title=The Authority |website=Authority for European Political Parties and European Political Foundations |access-date=17 September 2024 |url=https://www.appf.europa.eu/appf/en/home/the-authority}}</ref> | coordinates = <!--{{coord|LATITUDE|LONGITUDE|type:landmark_region:US|display=inline,title}}--> | motto = | employees = 11 (by end 2023)<ref>{{cite report |date=2023 |title=APPF Annual Activity Report 2023 |publisher=Authority for European Political Parties and European Political Foundations |url=https://www.appf.europa.eu/cmsdata/281877/APPF%20Annual%20Activity%20Report%202023.pdf#page=25 |language=en}}</ref> | budget = €3.18{{nbsp}}million (2024)<ref>{{cite report |date=2023 |title=Defending European Democratic Integrity in a World of Uncertainty, Draft Budgetary Plan 2025 |publisher=Authority for European Political Parties and European Political Foundations |url=https://www.appf.europa.eu/cmsdata/279686/2023%2012%2021%20APPF%20draft%20budget%20plan_2025.pdf |language=en}}</ref> | chief1_name = Pascal Schonard ([[France|FR]]) | chief1_position = Director | agency_type = body of the European Union | keydocument1 = [https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:02014R1141-20190327 Regulation (EU, Euratom) No. 1141/2014] | website = [https://www.appf.europa.eu/appf/en/home/ appf.europa.eu] | footnotes = | map = {{Location map many | European Union | width = 250px | label1 = Brussels | caption1 = | position1 = right | coordinates1 = {{coord|50.50|4.22}} | map_width = 275 | map_caption = }} }} {{Politics of the European Union}} The '''Authority for European Political Parties and European Political Foundations''' ('''APPF''') is a [[Agencies of the European Union|body of the European Union]] in charge of registering, controlling and imposing sanctions on [[European political party|European political parties]] and [[European political foundation]]s. The APPF has offices in [[Brussels]] and [[Strasbourg]]; since 2021, its Director has been Pascal Schonard. == EU-CyCLONe == '' EU-CyCLONe or '''European Cyber Crisis Liaison Organisation Network''' is a cooperation network for [[European Union]] members to national authorities in charge of cyber crisis management.<ref name=ability /> It was set up as part of the [[NIS 2 Directive]].<ref name=nis2 /> '' It was launched in 2020 and formalised in January 2023.<ref name=cyber-resilience /> The chair rotates with the [[Uachtaránacht ar Chomhairle an Aontais Eorpaigh]].<ref name=cyber-resilience/> '' EU-CyCLONe submits a report assessing its work to the [[Parlaimint na hEorpa]] and [[Comhairle an Aontais Eorpaigh]] every 18 months, starting 17 October 2024.<ref name=cyber-resilience/> == Blue OLEx '' The Blueprint Operational Level Exercise is an annual exercise involving senior cybersecurity officials from EU member states and the [[an Coimisiún Eorpach]], with [[an tAontas Eorpach]] support.<ref name=cyber-resilience/> In 2024 it was hosted in [[an Róimh]] by [[Agenzia per la Cybersicurezza Nazionale]], focused on executive level cooperation, particularly via EU-CyCLONe.<ref name=cyber-resilience/> == Naisc sheachtracha * [https://www.nis-2-directive.com/NIS_2_Directive_Article_14_(Proposal_16.12.2020).html The NIS 2 Directive, The European cyber crises liaison organisation network (EU - CyCLONe)] - Article 14 on EU-CyCLONe * [https://www.nis-2-directive.com/NIS_2_Directive_Article_16.html The NIS 2 Directive, Final Text] - Article 16 on EU-CyCLONe * [https://www.nis-2-directive.com/NIS_2_Directive_Article_17.html The NIS 2 Directive, Final Text] - Article 17, International cooperation == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = <ref name=ability>{{lua idirlín | teideal = EU countries test their ability to cooperate in the event of cyber attacks | url = https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/news/eu-countries-test-their-ability-cooperate-event-cyber-attacks | dáta = 2020-09-29 | dátarochtana = 2025-02-24 | work = [[an Coimisiún Eorpach]]}}</ref> <ref name=nis2>{{lua idirlín | teideal = Europe moves closer to stricter cybersecurity standards, reporting regs | url = https://www.theregister.com/2022/05/17/europe_nis2_cybersecurity_regulations/ | sloinne = Lyons | ainm = Jessica | dáta = 2022-05-17 | dátarochtana = 2025-02-24 | work = [[The Register]]}}</ref> <ref name=cyber-resilience>{{cite news | teideal = EU Ramps Up Cyber Resilience with Major Crisis Simulation Exercise | sloinne = Poireault | ainm = Kevin | dáta = 2024-11-11 | url = https://www.infosecurity-magazine.com/news/eu-cyber-resilience-crisis/ | dátarochtana = 2025-02-24 | work = Infosecurity Magazine}}</ref> }} == Tíreolaíocht == [[Réigiún na Teorann]] === Geografaíocht fhisiceach [[Íomhá:Glencar waterfall01.jpg| thumb | 170px | [[Loch Ghleann an Chairthe|Eas Ghleann an Chairthe]], Liatroim]] '' The region encompasses the entire northwest coast of Ireland along the [[an tAigéan Atlantach]]. Two of Ireland's longest rivers, [[an tSionainn]] and the [[an Éirne]], agus an [[Uiscebhealach na Sionainne is na hÉirne]] eatarthu. Cavan and Monaghan in the east of the region are characterized by a drumlin landscape, with hundreds of loughs interspersed between. [[Loch Aillionn]] in Leitrim is the region's largest lake, at 35 km². '' The west of the region, from [[Teallach Eathach]], County Cavan, to the Atlantic coast is largely rocky and mountainous, with coastal cliffs but also beaches in counties Sligo, Donegal and Leitrim. Leitrim has the smallest coastline of any county, at just 5&nbsp;km in length, while Donegal has the longest, at 1,134&nbsp;km. === Foraoiseacht '' there is a total of 130,345 ha of forest and woodland cover in the Border Region, equating to 11.3% of the region's land area, the national average.<ref name=govagri2017 /> '' Traditionally, the region had a very low cover forest and planting schemes were undertaken by the Department of Agriculture or [[Comhlachtaí státurraithe na hÉireann|comhlachtaí státurraithe]] such as [[Coillte]]. County Leitrim is now Ireland's most forested county at 18.9% forest cover. However, over 50% of Leitrim's forests are in private ownership.<ref name=govagri2006 /> === Aeráid '' Under [[Aicmiú aeráide Köppen]], the region experiences a maritime [[aeráid mheasartha]] [[aeráid aigéanach]], meaning cool winters, mild humid summers, and a lack of temperature extremes. Summer daytime temperatures range between 15°C agus 22°C, rarely going beyond 25°C. While the region generally experiences mild winters, upland areas typically have snow. Humidity is high year round and rainfall ranges from ~1,250&nbsp;mm ([[Marcréidh]], Sligeach) to ~1,000&nbsp;mm ([[Béal Átha hÉis]], Cabhán), evenly distributed throughout the year. <ref name=metclimate /> === Geolaíocht [[Íomhá: Benbulben2.jpg | thumb | 200px | [[Binn Ghulbain]], Contae Shligigh]] '' There are many large mountain ranges and high sea cliffs in the region, such as the [[Sléibhte Dhoire Bheatha]], [[Sliabh Liag]], the [[Binn Chuilceach]] agus [[Binn Ghulbain]]. The region is generally underlain by [[an tOrdaivíseach]] and [[an Siolúrach]] sceallaí agus gréabhacaí, laid down 417-495 million years ago. These are found in eastern Cavan and Monaghan. The bedrock of western Cavan, Leitrim and Sligo is composed mostly of [[carbónmhar]] limestones that were laid roughly 355 million years ago. However, a 1.5 billion year old narrow strip of metamorphosed gneisses extend across Sligo near [[Sliabh Gamh]].<ref name=geocavan /><ref name=geosligo /> '' County Donegal has one of the most complex geologies in Ireland. Much of the county is underlain by [[Réamhchaimbriach]] gneiss, schist and quartzite, laid down during the Grenvillian Orogeny 700 million years ago. The Border Region's highest point, [[An Earagail]], at 751 m, is composed of Precambrian quartzite. '' Ireland's oldest rocks, laid down 1.78 billion years ago, are found on the island of [[Inis Trá Tholl]].<ref name=gsi /> Inis Trá Tholl is Ireland's most northerly island, located approximately 10&nbsp;km north of [[Cionn Mhálanna]], mainland Ireland's most northerly point. '' [[Loch Súilí]] in Donegal is one of Ireland's three fjords. == Buntásc == __NOINDEX__ __NOTOC__ coy05qiajbbome4oo4jnobai6oh789c 1320680 1320678 2026-07-15T19:49:15Z Marcas.oduinn 33120 /* Berec */ 1320680 wikitext text/x-wiki == Ceanntásc == (an t)Údarás um..., (an) G(h)níomhaireacht um... (an) Comhbheartas Talmhaíochta. Cé acu sa teideal? Féach: * [http://www.gaois.ie gaois.ie]. * ''Wikidata list'' [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Wikidata list/Contaetha na hÉireann#Réigiún na hÉireann|Réigiúin na hÉireann]]. === Réigiún === {| class="wikitable" style="width:100%; vertical-align:top;" ! style="width:50%;" | Réigiúin ! style="width:50%;" | Réigiúin NUTS |- | style="text-align:center" | [[Íomhá:IrelandRegions.png | center]] | align=center | [[Íomhá:NUTS3 Boundaries Ireland.png | center]] |- | style="vertical-align:top;" | Réigiúin na hÉireann: * (A) Tuaisceart * (B) Iarthar * (C) Iardheisceart * (D) Oirdheisceart * (E) Oirthear [BÁC] * (F) [[Lár na Tíre (Éire)]] | style="vertical-align:top;" | '''Réigiúin''' NUTS 3 na hÉireann: * [[Réigiún na Teorann|Teorainn]] * [[Réigiún an Iarthair|Iarthar]] * [[Réigiún Lár na Tíre|Lár na Tíre]] * [[Réigiún an Lár-Oirthir|Lár-Oirthear]] * [[Réigiún Bhaile Átha Cliath|Baile Átha Cliath]] * [[Réigiún an Lár-Iarthair|Lár-Iarthar]] * [[Réigiún an Oirdheiscirt|Oirdheisceart]] * [[Réigiún an Iardheiscirt|Iardheisceart]] |} {| |- | [[Íomhá:Newborderregionboundary.png | 80px]]<!--[[Íomhá:Ireland location map Border region.svg | 40px]]--> | [[Íomhá:Ireland location map West region.svg | 80px]] | [[Íomhá:Ireland location map Midlands.svg | 80px]] | [[Íomhá:Mid East Ireland 2018.png | 80px]]<!--[[Íomhá:Ireland location map Mid-East.svg | 40px]]--> | [[Íomhá:Island_of_Ireland_location_map_Dublin.svg | 80px]] | [[Íomhá:Mid-West Region Map Ireland 2018.png | 80px]]<!--[[Íomhá:Mid-West Region Map Ireland 2018.png | 40px]]--> | [[Íomhá:SE Region Ireland 2018.png | 80px]]<!--[[Íomhá:Ireland location map South East.svg | 40px]]--> | [[Íomhá:Ireland location map South West.svg | 80px]] |} === Acrainm === * [[Aicmiú Comhchoiteann na nAonad Críche maidir le Staidreamh|NUTS]] - Acáise * [[Comhordú an Eolais ar an Timpeallacht|CORINE]] - Ceolta * [[CORDIS]] - SeoTaifeach * [[Inter-Active Terminology for Europe|IATE]] - Tighe == Eile == # ''[[:en:Authority for European Political Parties and European Political Foundations|Authority for European Political Parties and European Political Foundations]]'' - [[Údarás um Páirtithe Polaitiúla Eorpacha agus um Fhondúireachtaí Polaitiúla Eorpacha]] (2016) # ''[[:en:Agency for Support for BEREC|Agency for Support for BEREC]]'' - [[Gníomhaireacht Tacaíochta BEREC]] (2009) # ''[[:en:EU-CyCLONe|EU-CyCLONe]]'' - [[EU-CyCLONe]] (2020) == Sábháilteacht == {{short description|European Union civil aviation authority}} {{Redirect|EASA}} {{Use British English|date=March 2013}} {{Use dmy dates|date=July 2022}} {{Infobox government agency | name = European Union Aviation Safety Agency (EASA) | type = | seal = | seal_width = | seal_caption = | logo = EASA Logo.svg | logo_width = | logo_caption = | image = EASA Headquarters - EASA Direktion.jpg | image_size = | image_caption = The offices of the agency in [[Cologne]], Germany | formed = {{Start date|2002|07|12|df=y}} <!-- entry into force of Regulation (EC) No 1592/2002 --> | preceding1 = | dissolved = | superseding1 = | jurisdiction = [[European Union|EU]] and [[European Free Trade Association|EFTA]] members<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.easa.europa.eu/domains/international-cooperation/easa-by-country|title=EASA By Country|website=EASA}}</ref> | headquarters = [[Cologne]], Germany | coordinates = <!-- {{coord|LATITUDE|LONGITUDE|type:landmark_region:US|display=inline,title}} --> | motto = | employees = | budget = | chief1_name = [[Florian Guillermet]] | chief1_position = Executive director | keydocument1 = [https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2018/1139 Regulation (EU) 2018/1139] <!--| keydocument2 = [http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg/2008/216/oj Regulation (EC) No 216/2008] | keydocument3 = [http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg/2002/1592/oj Regulation (EC) No 1592/2002]-->| website = {{url|easa.europa.eu}} | footnotes = | embed = | map = {{Location map many | European Union | width = 250px | label1 = Cologne | caption1 = | position1 = right | coordinates1 = {{coord|50.56|6.57}}}} | map_width = 275 | map_caption = }} The '''European Union Aviation Safety Agency''' ('''EASA''') is an [[Agencies of the European Union|agency]] of the [[European Commission]] with responsibility for civil [[aviation safety]] in the [[European Union]]. It carries out [[Type certificate|certification]], regulation and standardisation and also performs investigation and monitoring.{{r|flor|page=§4.3}} It collects and analyses safety data, drafts and advises on safety legislation and co-ordinates with similar organisations in other parts of the world.{{r|flor|page=§4.3}} The idea of a European-level aviation safety authority goes back to 1996, but the agency was legally established only in 2002; it began its work in 2003.{{r|flor|page=§4.3}} == Berec == {{WD Bosca Sonraí Eagraíochta}} keydocument1 = [https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2018/1971 Regulation (EU) No 2018/1971] The '''Body of European Regulators for Electronic Communications''' ('''BEREC''') is the body in which the regulators of the telecommunications markets in the [[an tAontas Eorpach]] work together.<ref name=UIA /> Other participants include representatives of the [[an Coimisiún Eorpach]], as well as telecommunication regulators from the member states of the [[European Economic Area|EEA]] and of states that are in the process of joining the EU. == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = <ref name=UIA>{{lua idirlín | url = https://uia.org/s/or/en/1100015682 | teideal = Body of European Regulators for Electronic Communications (BEREC) | bliain = 2024 | department=UIA Global Civil Society Database | work = uia.org | foilsitheoir = [[Union of International Associations]]}}</ref> }} == Údarás um Páirtithe Polaitiúla Eorpacha agus um Fhondúireachtaí Polaitiúla Eorpacha == {{Short description|Body in charge of monitoring European political parties and foundations}} {{Primary sources|date=September 2024}} {{Use dmy dates|date=June 2020}} {{Infobox government agency | agency_name = Authority for European Political Parties and European Political Foundations | type = | nativename = | nativename_a = | nativename_r = | logo = APPF logo.jpg | logo_width = | logo_caption = | picture = | picture_width = | picture_caption = | formed = {{Start date and age|2016|09|01|df=y}} | dissolved = | superseding = | jurisdiction = [[European Union]] | headquarters = Rue Wiertz 60, 1047 [[Brussels]], Belgium<ref>{{cite web |title=The Authority |website=Authority for European Political Parties and European Political Foundations |access-date=17 September 2024 |url=https://www.appf.europa.eu/appf/en/home/the-authority}}</ref> | coordinates = <!--{{coord|LATITUDE|LONGITUDE|type:landmark_region:US|display=inline,title}}--> | motto = | employees = 11 (by end 2023)<ref>{{cite report |date=2023 |title=APPF Annual Activity Report 2023 |publisher=Authority for European Political Parties and European Political Foundations |url=https://www.appf.europa.eu/cmsdata/281877/APPF%20Annual%20Activity%20Report%202023.pdf#page=25 |language=en}}</ref> | budget = €3.18{{nbsp}}million (2024)<ref>{{cite report |date=2023 |title=Defending European Democratic Integrity in a World of Uncertainty, Draft Budgetary Plan 2025 |publisher=Authority for European Political Parties and European Political Foundations |url=https://www.appf.europa.eu/cmsdata/279686/2023%2012%2021%20APPF%20draft%20budget%20plan_2025.pdf |language=en}}</ref> | chief1_name = Pascal Schonard ([[France|FR]]) | chief1_position = Director | agency_type = body of the European Union | keydocument1 = [https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:02014R1141-20190327 Regulation (EU, Euratom) No. 1141/2014] | website = [https://www.appf.europa.eu/appf/en/home/ appf.europa.eu] | footnotes = | map = {{Location map many | European Union | width = 250px | label1 = Brussels | caption1 = | position1 = right | coordinates1 = {{coord|50.50|4.22}} | map_width = 275 | map_caption = }} }} {{Politics of the European Union}} The '''Authority for European Political Parties and European Political Foundations''' ('''APPF''') is a [[Agencies of the European Union|body of the European Union]] in charge of registering, controlling and imposing sanctions on [[European political party|European political parties]] and [[European political foundation]]s. The APPF has offices in [[Brussels]] and [[Strasbourg]]; since 2021, its Director has been Pascal Schonard. == EU-CyCLONe == '' EU-CyCLONe or '''European Cyber Crisis Liaison Organisation Network''' is a cooperation network for [[European Union]] members to national authorities in charge of cyber crisis management.<ref name=ability /> It was set up as part of the [[NIS 2 Directive]].<ref name=nis2 /> '' It was launched in 2020 and formalised in January 2023.<ref name=cyber-resilience /> The chair rotates with the [[Uachtaránacht ar Chomhairle an Aontais Eorpaigh]].<ref name=cyber-resilience/> '' EU-CyCLONe submits a report assessing its work to the [[Parlaimint na hEorpa]] and [[Comhairle an Aontais Eorpaigh]] every 18 months, starting 17 October 2024.<ref name=cyber-resilience/> == Blue OLEx '' The Blueprint Operational Level Exercise is an annual exercise involving senior cybersecurity officials from EU member states and the [[an Coimisiún Eorpach]], with [[an tAontas Eorpach]] support.<ref name=cyber-resilience/> In 2024 it was hosted in [[an Róimh]] by [[Agenzia per la Cybersicurezza Nazionale]], focused on executive level cooperation, particularly via EU-CyCLONe.<ref name=cyber-resilience/> == Naisc sheachtracha * [https://www.nis-2-directive.com/NIS_2_Directive_Article_14_(Proposal_16.12.2020).html The NIS 2 Directive, The European cyber crises liaison organisation network (EU - CyCLONe)] - Article 14 on EU-CyCLONe * [https://www.nis-2-directive.com/NIS_2_Directive_Article_16.html The NIS 2 Directive, Final Text] - Article 16 on EU-CyCLONe * [https://www.nis-2-directive.com/NIS_2_Directive_Article_17.html The NIS 2 Directive, Final Text] - Article 17, International cooperation == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = <ref name=ability>{{lua idirlín | teideal = EU countries test their ability to cooperate in the event of cyber attacks | url = https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/news/eu-countries-test-their-ability-cooperate-event-cyber-attacks | dáta = 2020-09-29 | dátarochtana = 2025-02-24 | work = [[an Coimisiún Eorpach]]}}</ref> <ref name=nis2>{{lua idirlín | teideal = Europe moves closer to stricter cybersecurity standards, reporting regs | url = https://www.theregister.com/2022/05/17/europe_nis2_cybersecurity_regulations/ | sloinne = Lyons | ainm = Jessica | dáta = 2022-05-17 | dátarochtana = 2025-02-24 | work = [[The Register]]}}</ref> <ref name=cyber-resilience>{{cite news | teideal = EU Ramps Up Cyber Resilience with Major Crisis Simulation Exercise | sloinne = Poireault | ainm = Kevin | dáta = 2024-11-11 | url = https://www.infosecurity-magazine.com/news/eu-cyber-resilience-crisis/ | dátarochtana = 2025-02-24 | work = Infosecurity Magazine}}</ref> }} == Tíreolaíocht == [[Réigiún na Teorann]] === Geografaíocht fhisiceach [[Íomhá:Glencar waterfall01.jpg| thumb | 170px | [[Loch Ghleann an Chairthe|Eas Ghleann an Chairthe]], Liatroim]] '' The region encompasses the entire northwest coast of Ireland along the [[an tAigéan Atlantach]]. Two of Ireland's longest rivers, [[an tSionainn]] and the [[an Éirne]], agus an [[Uiscebhealach na Sionainne is na hÉirne]] eatarthu. Cavan and Monaghan in the east of the region are characterized by a drumlin landscape, with hundreds of loughs interspersed between. [[Loch Aillionn]] in Leitrim is the region's largest lake, at 35 km². '' The west of the region, from [[Teallach Eathach]], County Cavan, to the Atlantic coast is largely rocky and mountainous, with coastal cliffs but also beaches in counties Sligo, Donegal and Leitrim. Leitrim has the smallest coastline of any county, at just 5&nbsp;km in length, while Donegal has the longest, at 1,134&nbsp;km. === Foraoiseacht '' there is a total of 130,345 ha of forest and woodland cover in the Border Region, equating to 11.3% of the region's land area, the national average.<ref name=govagri2017 /> '' Traditionally, the region had a very low cover forest and planting schemes were undertaken by the Department of Agriculture or [[Comhlachtaí státurraithe na hÉireann|comhlachtaí státurraithe]] such as [[Coillte]]. County Leitrim is now Ireland's most forested county at 18.9% forest cover. However, over 50% of Leitrim's forests are in private ownership.<ref name=govagri2006 /> === Aeráid '' Under [[Aicmiú aeráide Köppen]], the region experiences a maritime [[aeráid mheasartha]] [[aeráid aigéanach]], meaning cool winters, mild humid summers, and a lack of temperature extremes. Summer daytime temperatures range between 15°C agus 22°C, rarely going beyond 25°C. While the region generally experiences mild winters, upland areas typically have snow. Humidity is high year round and rainfall ranges from ~1,250&nbsp;mm ([[Marcréidh]], Sligeach) to ~1,000&nbsp;mm ([[Béal Átha hÉis]], Cabhán), evenly distributed throughout the year. <ref name=metclimate /> === Geolaíocht [[Íomhá: Benbulben2.jpg | thumb | 200px | [[Binn Ghulbain]], Contae Shligigh]] '' There are many large mountain ranges and high sea cliffs in the region, such as the [[Sléibhte Dhoire Bheatha]], [[Sliabh Liag]], the [[Binn Chuilceach]] agus [[Binn Ghulbain]]. The region is generally underlain by [[an tOrdaivíseach]] and [[an Siolúrach]] sceallaí agus gréabhacaí, laid down 417-495 million years ago. These are found in eastern Cavan and Monaghan. The bedrock of western Cavan, Leitrim and Sligo is composed mostly of [[carbónmhar]] limestones that were laid roughly 355 million years ago. However, a 1.5 billion year old narrow strip of metamorphosed gneisses extend across Sligo near [[Sliabh Gamh]].<ref name=geocavan /><ref name=geosligo /> '' County Donegal has one of the most complex geologies in Ireland. Much of the county is underlain by [[Réamhchaimbriach]] gneiss, schist and quartzite, laid down during the Grenvillian Orogeny 700 million years ago. The Border Region's highest point, [[An Earagail]], at 751 m, is composed of Precambrian quartzite. '' Ireland's oldest rocks, laid down 1.78 billion years ago, are found on the island of [[Inis Trá Tholl]].<ref name=gsi /> Inis Trá Tholl is Ireland's most northerly island, located approximately 10&nbsp;km north of [[Cionn Mhálanna]], mainland Ireland's most northerly point. '' [[Loch Súilí]] in Donegal is one of Ireland's three fjords. == Buntásc == __NOINDEX__ __NOTOC__ dxwiwv7af772twlphl7thg6j6kg8bis 1320681 1320680 2026-07-15T19:57:03Z Marcas.oduinn 33120 /* Comhlacht na Rialálaithe Eorpacha um Chumarsáid Leictreonach */ 1320681 wikitext text/x-wiki == Ceanntásc == (an t)Údarás um..., (an) G(h)níomhaireacht um... (an) Comhbheartas Talmhaíochta. Cé acu sa teideal? Féach: * [http://www.gaois.ie gaois.ie]. * ''Wikidata list'' [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Wikidata list/Contaetha na hÉireann#Réigiún na hÉireann|Réigiúin na hÉireann]]. === Réigiún === {| class="wikitable" style="width:100%; vertical-align:top;" ! style="width:50%;" | Réigiúin ! style="width:50%;" | Réigiúin NUTS |- | style="text-align:center" | [[Íomhá:IrelandRegions.png | center]] | align=center | [[Íomhá:NUTS3 Boundaries Ireland.png | center]] |- | style="vertical-align:top;" | Réigiúin na hÉireann: * (A) Tuaisceart * (B) Iarthar * (C) Iardheisceart * (D) Oirdheisceart * (E) Oirthear [BÁC] * (F) [[Lár na Tíre (Éire)]] | style="vertical-align:top;" | '''Réigiúin''' NUTS 3 na hÉireann: * [[Réigiún na Teorann|Teorainn]] * [[Réigiún an Iarthair|Iarthar]] * [[Réigiún Lár na Tíre|Lár na Tíre]] * [[Réigiún an Lár-Oirthir|Lár-Oirthear]] * [[Réigiún Bhaile Átha Cliath|Baile Átha Cliath]] * [[Réigiún an Lár-Iarthair|Lár-Iarthar]] * [[Réigiún an Oirdheiscirt|Oirdheisceart]] * [[Réigiún an Iardheiscirt|Iardheisceart]] |} {| |- | [[Íomhá:Newborderregionboundary.png | 80px]]<!--[[Íomhá:Ireland location map Border region.svg | 40px]]--> | [[Íomhá:Ireland location map West region.svg | 80px]] | [[Íomhá:Ireland location map Midlands.svg | 80px]] | [[Íomhá:Mid East Ireland 2018.png | 80px]]<!--[[Íomhá:Ireland location map Mid-East.svg | 40px]]--> | [[Íomhá:Island_of_Ireland_location_map_Dublin.svg | 80px]] | [[Íomhá:Mid-West Region Map Ireland 2018.png | 80px]]<!--[[Íomhá:Mid-West Region Map Ireland 2018.png | 40px]]--> | [[Íomhá:SE Region Ireland 2018.png | 80px]]<!--[[Íomhá:Ireland location map South East.svg | 40px]]--> | [[Íomhá:Ireland location map South West.svg | 80px]] |} === Acrainm === * [[Aicmiú Comhchoiteann na nAonad Críche maidir le Staidreamh|NUTS]] - Acáise * [[Comhordú an Eolais ar an Timpeallacht|CORINE]] - Ceolta * [[CORDIS]] - SeoTaifeach * [[Inter-Active Terminology for Europe|IATE]] - Tighe == Eile == # ''[[:en:Authority for European Political Parties and European Political Foundations|Authority for European Political Parties and European Political Foundations]]'' - [[Údarás um Páirtithe Polaitiúla Eorpacha agus um Fhondúireachtaí Polaitiúla Eorpacha]] (2016) # ''[[:en:Agency for Support for BEREC|Agency for Support for BEREC]]'' - [[Gníomhaireacht Tacaíochta BEREC]] (2009) # ''[[:en:EU-CyCLONe|EU-CyCLONe]]'' - [[EU-CyCLONe]] (2020) == Sábháilteacht == {{short description|European Union civil aviation authority}} {{Redirect|EASA}} {{Use British English|date=March 2013}} {{Use dmy dates|date=July 2022}} {{Infobox government agency | name = European Union Aviation Safety Agency (EASA) | type = | seal = | seal_width = | seal_caption = | logo = EASA Logo.svg | logo_width = | logo_caption = | image = EASA Headquarters - EASA Direktion.jpg | image_size = | image_caption = The offices of the agency in [[Cologne]], Germany | formed = {{Start date|2002|07|12|df=y}} <!-- entry into force of Regulation (EC) No 1592/2002 --> | preceding1 = | dissolved = | superseding1 = | jurisdiction = [[European Union|EU]] and [[European Free Trade Association|EFTA]] members<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.easa.europa.eu/domains/international-cooperation/easa-by-country|title=EASA By Country|website=EASA}}</ref> | headquarters = [[Cologne]], Germany | coordinates = <!-- {{coord|LATITUDE|LONGITUDE|type:landmark_region:US|display=inline,title}} --> | motto = | employees = | budget = | chief1_name = [[Florian Guillermet]] | chief1_position = Executive director | keydocument1 = [https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2018/1139 Regulation (EU) 2018/1139] <!--| keydocument2 = [http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg/2008/216/oj Regulation (EC) No 216/2008] | keydocument3 = [http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg/2002/1592/oj Regulation (EC) No 1592/2002]-->| website = {{url|easa.europa.eu}} | footnotes = | embed = | map = {{Location map many | European Union | width = 250px | label1 = Cologne | caption1 = | position1 = right | coordinates1 = {{coord|50.56|6.57}}}} | map_width = 275 | map_caption = }} The '''European Union Aviation Safety Agency''' ('''EASA''') is an [[Agencies of the European Union|agency]] of the [[European Commission]] with responsibility for civil [[aviation safety]] in the [[European Union]]. It carries out [[Type certificate|certification]], regulation and standardisation and also performs investigation and monitoring.{{r|flor|page=§4.3}} It collects and analyses safety data, drafts and advises on safety legislation and co-ordinates with similar organisations in other parts of the world.{{r|flor|page=§4.3}} The idea of a European-level aviation safety authority goes back to 1996, but the agency was legally established only in 2002; it began its work in 2003.{{r|flor|page=§4.3}} == Comhlacht na Rialálaithe Eorpacha um Chumarsáid Leictreonach == {{WD Bosca Sonraí Eagraíochta}} keydocument1 = [https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/GA/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32018R1971 Rialachán (AE) 2018/1971] '' The '''Comhlacht na Rialálaithe Eorpacha um Chumarsáid Leictreonach'''<ref name=iate /> (Béarla: ''Body of European Regulators for Electronic Communications'' ('''BEREC''')) is the body in which the regulators of the telecommunications markets in the [[an tAontas Eorpach]] work together.<ref name=UIA /> Other participants include representatives of the [[an Coimisiún Eorpach]], as well as telecommunication regulators from the member states of the [[Limistéar Eorpach Eacnamaíoch|LEE]] and of states that are in the process of joining the EU. == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = <ref name=iate>{{lua idirlín | url = https://iate.europa.eu/entry/result/#3500516/ga | teideal = Téarma: Comhlacht na Rialálaithe Eorpacha um Chumarsáid Leictreonach | foilsitheoir = [[IATE]] | dátarochtana = 15-07-2026}}</ref> <ref name=UIA>{{lua idirlín | url = https://uia.org/s/or/en/1100015682 | teideal = Body of European Regulators for Electronic Communications (BEREC) | bliain = 2024 | department=UIA Global Civil Society Database | work = uia.org | foilsitheoir = [[Union of International Associations]]}}</ref> }} == Údarás um Páirtithe Polaitiúla Eorpacha agus um Fhondúireachtaí Polaitiúla Eorpacha == {{Short description|Body in charge of monitoring European political parties and foundations}} {{Primary sources|date=September 2024}} {{Use dmy dates|date=June 2020}} {{Infobox government agency | agency_name = Authority for European Political Parties and European Political Foundations | type = | nativename = | nativename_a = | nativename_r = | logo = APPF logo.jpg | logo_width = | logo_caption = | picture = | picture_width = | picture_caption = | formed = {{Start date and age|2016|09|01|df=y}} | dissolved = | superseding = | jurisdiction = [[European Union]] | headquarters = Rue Wiertz 60, 1047 [[Brussels]], Belgium<ref>{{cite web |title=The Authority |website=Authority for European Political Parties and European Political Foundations |access-date=17 September 2024 |url=https://www.appf.europa.eu/appf/en/home/the-authority}}</ref> | coordinates = <!--{{coord|LATITUDE|LONGITUDE|type:landmark_region:US|display=inline,title}}--> | motto = | employees = 11 (by end 2023)<ref>{{cite report |date=2023 |title=APPF Annual Activity Report 2023 |publisher=Authority for European Political Parties and European Political Foundations |url=https://www.appf.europa.eu/cmsdata/281877/APPF%20Annual%20Activity%20Report%202023.pdf#page=25 |language=en}}</ref> | budget = €3.18{{nbsp}}million (2024)<ref>{{cite report |date=2023 |title=Defending European Democratic Integrity in a World of Uncertainty, Draft Budgetary Plan 2025 |publisher=Authority for European Political Parties and European Political Foundations |url=https://www.appf.europa.eu/cmsdata/279686/2023%2012%2021%20APPF%20draft%20budget%20plan_2025.pdf |language=en}}</ref> | chief1_name = Pascal Schonard ([[France|FR]]) | chief1_position = Director | agency_type = body of the European Union | keydocument1 = [https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:02014R1141-20190327 Regulation (EU, Euratom) No. 1141/2014] | website = [https://www.appf.europa.eu/appf/en/home/ appf.europa.eu] | footnotes = | map = {{Location map many | European Union | width = 250px | label1 = Brussels | caption1 = | position1 = right | coordinates1 = {{coord|50.50|4.22}} | map_width = 275 | map_caption = }} }} {{Politics of the European Union}} The '''Authority for European Political Parties and European Political Foundations''' ('''APPF''') is a [[Agencies of the European Union|body of the European Union]] in charge of registering, controlling and imposing sanctions on [[European political party|European political parties]] and [[European political foundation]]s. The APPF has offices in [[Brussels]] and [[Strasbourg]]; since 2021, its Director has been Pascal Schonard. == EU-CyCLONe == '' EU-CyCLONe or '''European Cyber Crisis Liaison Organisation Network''' is a cooperation network for [[European Union]] members to national authorities in charge of cyber crisis management.<ref name=ability /> It was set up as part of the [[NIS 2 Directive]].<ref name=nis2 /> '' It was launched in 2020 and formalised in January 2023.<ref name=cyber-resilience /> The chair rotates with the [[Uachtaránacht ar Chomhairle an Aontais Eorpaigh]].<ref name=cyber-resilience/> '' EU-CyCLONe submits a report assessing its work to the [[Parlaimint na hEorpa]] and [[Comhairle an Aontais Eorpaigh]] every 18 months, starting 17 October 2024.<ref name=cyber-resilience/> == Blue OLEx '' The Blueprint Operational Level Exercise is an annual exercise involving senior cybersecurity officials from EU member states and the [[an Coimisiún Eorpach]], with [[an tAontas Eorpach]] support.<ref name=cyber-resilience/> In 2024 it was hosted in [[an Róimh]] by [[Agenzia per la Cybersicurezza Nazionale]], focused on executive level cooperation, particularly via EU-CyCLONe.<ref name=cyber-resilience/> == Naisc sheachtracha * [https://www.nis-2-directive.com/NIS_2_Directive_Article_14_(Proposal_16.12.2020).html The NIS 2 Directive, The European cyber crises liaison organisation network (EU - CyCLONe)] - Article 14 on EU-CyCLONe * [https://www.nis-2-directive.com/NIS_2_Directive_Article_16.html The NIS 2 Directive, Final Text] - Article 16 on EU-CyCLONe * [https://www.nis-2-directive.com/NIS_2_Directive_Article_17.html The NIS 2 Directive, Final Text] - Article 17, International cooperation == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = <ref name=ability>{{lua idirlín | teideal = EU countries test their ability to cooperate in the event of cyber attacks | url = https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/news/eu-countries-test-their-ability-cooperate-event-cyber-attacks | dáta = 2020-09-29 | dátarochtana = 2025-02-24 | work = [[an Coimisiún Eorpach]]}}</ref> <ref name=nis2>{{lua idirlín | teideal = Europe moves closer to stricter cybersecurity standards, reporting regs | url = https://www.theregister.com/2022/05/17/europe_nis2_cybersecurity_regulations/ | sloinne = Lyons | ainm = Jessica | dáta = 2022-05-17 | dátarochtana = 2025-02-24 | work = [[The Register]]}}</ref> <ref name=cyber-resilience>{{cite news | teideal = EU Ramps Up Cyber Resilience with Major Crisis Simulation Exercise | sloinne = Poireault | ainm = Kevin | dáta = 2024-11-11 | url = https://www.infosecurity-magazine.com/news/eu-cyber-resilience-crisis/ | dátarochtana = 2025-02-24 | work = Infosecurity Magazine}}</ref> }} == Tíreolaíocht == [[Réigiún na Teorann]] === Geografaíocht fhisiceach [[Íomhá:Glencar waterfall01.jpg| thumb | 170px | [[Loch Ghleann an Chairthe|Eas Ghleann an Chairthe]], Liatroim]] '' The region encompasses the entire northwest coast of Ireland along the [[an tAigéan Atlantach]]. Two of Ireland's longest rivers, [[an tSionainn]] and the [[an Éirne]], agus an [[Uiscebhealach na Sionainne is na hÉirne]] eatarthu. Cavan and Monaghan in the east of the region are characterized by a drumlin landscape, with hundreds of loughs interspersed between. [[Loch Aillionn]] in Leitrim is the region's largest lake, at 35 km². '' The west of the region, from [[Teallach Eathach]], County Cavan, to the Atlantic coast is largely rocky and mountainous, with coastal cliffs but also beaches in counties Sligo, Donegal and Leitrim. Leitrim has the smallest coastline of any county, at just 5&nbsp;km in length, while Donegal has the longest, at 1,134&nbsp;km. === Foraoiseacht '' there is a total of 130,345 ha of forest and woodland cover in the Border Region, equating to 11.3% of the region's land area, the national average.<ref name=govagri2017 /> '' Traditionally, the region had a very low cover forest and planting schemes were undertaken by the Department of Agriculture or [[Comhlachtaí státurraithe na hÉireann|comhlachtaí státurraithe]] such as [[Coillte]]. County Leitrim is now Ireland's most forested county at 18.9% forest cover. However, over 50% of Leitrim's forests are in private ownership.<ref name=govagri2006 /> === Aeráid '' Under [[Aicmiú aeráide Köppen]], the region experiences a maritime [[aeráid mheasartha]] [[aeráid aigéanach]], meaning cool winters, mild humid summers, and a lack of temperature extremes. Summer daytime temperatures range between 15°C agus 22°C, rarely going beyond 25°C. While the region generally experiences mild winters, upland areas typically have snow. Humidity is high year round and rainfall ranges from ~1,250&nbsp;mm ([[Marcréidh]], Sligeach) to ~1,000&nbsp;mm ([[Béal Átha hÉis]], Cabhán), evenly distributed throughout the year. <ref name=metclimate /> === Geolaíocht [[Íomhá: Benbulben2.jpg | thumb | 200px | [[Binn Ghulbain]], Contae Shligigh]] '' There are many large mountain ranges and high sea cliffs in the region, such as the [[Sléibhte Dhoire Bheatha]], [[Sliabh Liag]], the [[Binn Chuilceach]] agus [[Binn Ghulbain]]. The region is generally underlain by [[an tOrdaivíseach]] and [[an Siolúrach]] sceallaí agus gréabhacaí, laid down 417-495 million years ago. These are found in eastern Cavan and Monaghan. The bedrock of western Cavan, Leitrim and Sligo is composed mostly of [[carbónmhar]] limestones that were laid roughly 355 million years ago. However, a 1.5 billion year old narrow strip of metamorphosed gneisses extend across Sligo near [[Sliabh Gamh]].<ref name=geocavan /><ref name=geosligo /> '' County Donegal has one of the most complex geologies in Ireland. Much of the county is underlain by [[Réamhchaimbriach]] gneiss, schist and quartzite, laid down during the Grenvillian Orogeny 700 million years ago. The Border Region's highest point, [[An Earagail]], at 751 m, is composed of Precambrian quartzite. '' Ireland's oldest rocks, laid down 1.78 billion years ago, are found on the island of [[Inis Trá Tholl]].<ref name=gsi /> Inis Trá Tholl is Ireland's most northerly island, located approximately 10&nbsp;km north of [[Cionn Mhálanna]], mainland Ireland's most northerly point. '' [[Loch Súilí]] in Donegal is one of Ireland's three fjords. == Buntásc == __NOINDEX__ __NOTOC__ n0xd9egq5opmkv63k623ug7g4j5q7xw 1320682 1320681 2026-07-15T20:22:12Z Marcas.oduinn 33120 /* Údarás um Páirtithe Polaitiúla Eorpacha agus um Fhondúireachtaí Polaitiúla Eorpacha */ 1320682 wikitext text/x-wiki == Ceanntásc == (an t)Údarás um..., (an) G(h)níomhaireacht um... (an) Comhbheartas Talmhaíochta. Cé acu sa teideal? Féach: * [http://www.gaois.ie gaois.ie]. * ''Wikidata list'' [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Wikidata list/Contaetha na hÉireann#Réigiún na hÉireann|Réigiúin na hÉireann]]. === Réigiún === {| class="wikitable" style="width:100%; vertical-align:top;" ! style="width:50%;" | Réigiúin ! style="width:50%;" | Réigiúin NUTS |- | style="text-align:center" | [[Íomhá:IrelandRegions.png | center]] | align=center | [[Íomhá:NUTS3 Boundaries Ireland.png | center]] |- | style="vertical-align:top;" | Réigiúin na hÉireann: * (A) Tuaisceart * (B) Iarthar * (C) Iardheisceart * (D) Oirdheisceart * (E) Oirthear [BÁC] * (F) [[Lár na Tíre (Éire)]] | style="vertical-align:top;" | '''Réigiúin''' NUTS 3 na hÉireann: * [[Réigiún na Teorann|Teorainn]] * [[Réigiún an Iarthair|Iarthar]] * [[Réigiún Lár na Tíre|Lár na Tíre]] * [[Réigiún an Lár-Oirthir|Lár-Oirthear]] * [[Réigiún Bhaile Átha Cliath|Baile Átha Cliath]] * [[Réigiún an Lár-Iarthair|Lár-Iarthar]] * [[Réigiún an Oirdheiscirt|Oirdheisceart]] * [[Réigiún an Iardheiscirt|Iardheisceart]] |} {| |- | [[Íomhá:Newborderregionboundary.png | 80px]]<!--[[Íomhá:Ireland location map Border region.svg | 40px]]--> | [[Íomhá:Ireland location map West region.svg | 80px]] | [[Íomhá:Ireland location map Midlands.svg | 80px]] | [[Íomhá:Mid East Ireland 2018.png | 80px]]<!--[[Íomhá:Ireland location map Mid-East.svg | 40px]]--> | [[Íomhá:Island_of_Ireland_location_map_Dublin.svg | 80px]] | [[Íomhá:Mid-West Region Map Ireland 2018.png | 80px]]<!--[[Íomhá:Mid-West Region Map Ireland 2018.png | 40px]]--> | [[Íomhá:SE Region Ireland 2018.png | 80px]]<!--[[Íomhá:Ireland location map South East.svg | 40px]]--> | [[Íomhá:Ireland location map South West.svg | 80px]] |} === Acrainm === * [[Aicmiú Comhchoiteann na nAonad Críche maidir le Staidreamh|NUTS]] - Acáise * [[Comhordú an Eolais ar an Timpeallacht|CORINE]] - Ceolta * [[CORDIS]] - SeoTaifeach * [[Inter-Active Terminology for Europe|IATE]] - Tighe == Eile == # ''[[:en:Authority for European Political Parties and European Political Foundations|Authority for European Political Parties and European Political Foundations]]'' - [[Údarás um Páirtithe Polaitiúla Eorpacha agus um Fhondúireachtaí Polaitiúla Eorpacha]] (2016) # ''[[:en:Agency for Support for BEREC|Agency for Support for BEREC]]'' - [[Gníomhaireacht Tacaíochta BEREC]] (2009) # ''[[:en:EU-CyCLONe|EU-CyCLONe]]'' - [[EU-CyCLONe]] (2020) == Sábháilteacht == {{short description|European Union civil aviation authority}} {{Redirect|EASA}} {{Use British English|date=March 2013}} {{Use dmy dates|date=July 2022}} {{Infobox government agency | name = European Union Aviation Safety Agency (EASA) | type = | seal = | seal_width = | seal_caption = | logo = EASA Logo.svg | logo_width = | logo_caption = | image = EASA Headquarters - EASA Direktion.jpg | image_size = | image_caption = The offices of the agency in [[Cologne]], Germany | formed = {{Start date|2002|07|12|df=y}} <!-- entry into force of Regulation (EC) No 1592/2002 --> | preceding1 = | dissolved = | superseding1 = | jurisdiction = [[European Union|EU]] and [[European Free Trade Association|EFTA]] members<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.easa.europa.eu/domains/international-cooperation/easa-by-country|title=EASA By Country|website=EASA}}</ref> | headquarters = [[Cologne]], Germany | coordinates = <!-- {{coord|LATITUDE|LONGITUDE|type:landmark_region:US|display=inline,title}} --> | motto = | employees = | budget = | chief1_name = [[Florian Guillermet]] | chief1_position = Executive director | keydocument1 = [https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2018/1139 Regulation (EU) 2018/1139] <!--| keydocument2 = [http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg/2008/216/oj Regulation (EC) No 216/2008] | keydocument3 = [http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg/2002/1592/oj Regulation (EC) No 1592/2002]-->| website = {{url|easa.europa.eu}} | footnotes = | embed = | map = {{Location map many | European Union | width = 250px | label1 = Cologne | caption1 = | position1 = right | coordinates1 = {{coord|50.56|6.57}}}} | map_width = 275 | map_caption = }} The '''European Union Aviation Safety Agency''' ('''EASA''') is an [[Agencies of the European Union|agency]] of the [[European Commission]] with responsibility for civil [[aviation safety]] in the [[European Union]]. It carries out [[Type certificate|certification]], regulation and standardisation and also performs investigation and monitoring.{{r|flor|page=§4.3}} It collects and analyses safety data, drafts and advises on safety legislation and co-ordinates with similar organisations in other parts of the world.{{r|flor|page=§4.3}} The idea of a European-level aviation safety authority goes back to 1996, but the agency was legally established only in 2002; it began its work in 2003.{{r|flor|page=§4.3}} == Comhlacht na Rialálaithe Eorpacha um Chumarsáid Leictreonach == {{WD Bosca Sonraí Eagraíochta}} keydocument1 = [https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/GA/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32018R1971 Rialachán (AE) 2018/1971] '' The '''Comhlacht na Rialálaithe Eorpacha um Chumarsáid Leictreonach'''<ref name=iate /> (Béarla: ''Body of European Regulators for Electronic Communications'' ('''BEREC''')) is the body in which the regulators of the telecommunications markets in the [[an tAontas Eorpach]] work together.<ref name=UIA /> Other participants include representatives of the [[an Coimisiún Eorpach]], as well as telecommunication regulators from the member states of the [[Limistéar Eorpach Eacnamaíoch|LEE]] and of states that are in the process of joining the EU. == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = <ref name=iate>{{lua idirlín | url = https://iate.europa.eu/entry/result/#3500516/ga | teideal = Téarma: Comhlacht na Rialálaithe Eorpacha um Chumarsáid Leictreonach | foilsitheoir = [[IATE]] | dátarochtana = 15-07-2026}}</ref> <ref name=UIA>{{lua idirlín | url = https://uia.org/s/or/en/1100015682 | teideal = Body of European Regulators for Electronic Communications (BEREC) | bliain = 2024 | department=UIA Global Civil Society Database | work = uia.org | foilsitheoir = [[Union of International Associations]]}}</ref> }} == Údarás um Páirtithe Polaitiúla Eorpacha agus um Fhondúireachtaí Polaitiúla Eorpacha == {{WD Bosca Sonraí Eagraíochta}} | keydocument1 = [https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:02014R1141-20190327 Regulation (EU, Euratom) No. 1141/2014] '' The '''Authority for European Political Parties and European Political Foundations''' ('''APPF''') is a [[Agencies of the European Union|body of the European Union]] in charge of registering, controlling and imposing sanctions on [[European political party|European political parties]] and [[European political foundation]]s. '' The APPF has offices in [[Brussels]] and [[Strasbourg]]; since 2021, its Director has been Pascal Schonard. == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = }} == EU-CyCLONe == '' EU-CyCLONe or '''European Cyber Crisis Liaison Organisation Network''' is a cooperation network for [[European Union]] members to national authorities in charge of cyber crisis management.<ref name=ability /> It was set up as part of the [[NIS 2 Directive]].<ref name=nis2 /> '' It was launched in 2020 and formalised in January 2023.<ref name=cyber-resilience /> The chair rotates with the [[Uachtaránacht ar Chomhairle an Aontais Eorpaigh]].<ref name=cyber-resilience/> '' EU-CyCLONe submits a report assessing its work to the [[Parlaimint na hEorpa]] and [[Comhairle an Aontais Eorpaigh]] every 18 months, starting 17 October 2024.<ref name=cyber-resilience/> == Blue OLEx '' The Blueprint Operational Level Exercise is an annual exercise involving senior cybersecurity officials from EU member states and the [[an Coimisiún Eorpach]], with [[an tAontas Eorpach]] support.<ref name=cyber-resilience/> In 2024 it was hosted in [[an Róimh]] by [[Agenzia per la Cybersicurezza Nazionale]], focused on executive level cooperation, particularly via EU-CyCLONe.<ref name=cyber-resilience/> == Naisc sheachtracha * [https://www.nis-2-directive.com/NIS_2_Directive_Article_14_(Proposal_16.12.2020).html The NIS 2 Directive, The European cyber crises liaison organisation network (EU - CyCLONe)] - Article 14 on EU-CyCLONe * [https://www.nis-2-directive.com/NIS_2_Directive_Article_16.html The NIS 2 Directive, Final Text] - Article 16 on EU-CyCLONe * [https://www.nis-2-directive.com/NIS_2_Directive_Article_17.html The NIS 2 Directive, Final Text] - Article 17, International cooperation == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = <ref name=ability>{{lua idirlín | teideal = EU countries test their ability to cooperate in the event of cyber attacks | url = https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/news/eu-countries-test-their-ability-cooperate-event-cyber-attacks | dáta = 2020-09-29 | dátarochtana = 2025-02-24 | work = [[an Coimisiún Eorpach]]}}</ref> <ref name=nis2>{{lua idirlín | teideal = Europe moves closer to stricter cybersecurity standards, reporting regs | url = https://www.theregister.com/2022/05/17/europe_nis2_cybersecurity_regulations/ | sloinne = Lyons | ainm = Jessica | dáta = 2022-05-17 | dátarochtana = 2025-02-24 | work = [[The Register]]}}</ref> <ref name=cyber-resilience>{{cite news | teideal = EU Ramps Up Cyber Resilience with Major Crisis Simulation Exercise | sloinne = Poireault | ainm = Kevin | dáta = 2024-11-11 | url = https://www.infosecurity-magazine.com/news/eu-cyber-resilience-crisis/ | dátarochtana = 2025-02-24 | work = Infosecurity Magazine}}</ref> }} == Tíreolaíocht == [[Réigiún na Teorann]] === Geografaíocht fhisiceach [[Íomhá:Glencar waterfall01.jpg| thumb | 170px | [[Loch Ghleann an Chairthe|Eas Ghleann an Chairthe]], Liatroim]] '' The region encompasses the entire northwest coast of Ireland along the [[an tAigéan Atlantach]]. Two of Ireland's longest rivers, [[an tSionainn]] and the [[an Éirne]], agus an [[Uiscebhealach na Sionainne is na hÉirne]] eatarthu. Cavan and Monaghan in the east of the region are characterized by a drumlin landscape, with hundreds of loughs interspersed between. [[Loch Aillionn]] in Leitrim is the region's largest lake, at 35 km². '' The west of the region, from [[Teallach Eathach]], County Cavan, to the Atlantic coast is largely rocky and mountainous, with coastal cliffs but also beaches in counties Sligo, Donegal and Leitrim. Leitrim has the smallest coastline of any county, at just 5&nbsp;km in length, while Donegal has the longest, at 1,134&nbsp;km. === Foraoiseacht '' there is a total of 130,345 ha of forest and woodland cover in the Border Region, equating to 11.3% of the region's land area, the national average.<ref name=govagri2017 /> '' Traditionally, the region had a very low cover forest and planting schemes were undertaken by the Department of Agriculture or [[Comhlachtaí státurraithe na hÉireann|comhlachtaí státurraithe]] such as [[Coillte]]. County Leitrim is now Ireland's most forested county at 18.9% forest cover. However, over 50% of Leitrim's forests are in private ownership.<ref name=govagri2006 /> === Aeráid '' Under [[Aicmiú aeráide Köppen]], the region experiences a maritime [[aeráid mheasartha]] [[aeráid aigéanach]], meaning cool winters, mild humid summers, and a lack of temperature extremes. Summer daytime temperatures range between 15°C agus 22°C, rarely going beyond 25°C. While the region generally experiences mild winters, upland areas typically have snow. Humidity is high year round and rainfall ranges from ~1,250&nbsp;mm ([[Marcréidh]], Sligeach) to ~1,000&nbsp;mm ([[Béal Átha hÉis]], Cabhán), evenly distributed throughout the year. <ref name=metclimate /> === Geolaíocht [[Íomhá: Benbulben2.jpg | thumb | 200px | [[Binn Ghulbain]], Contae Shligigh]] '' There are many large mountain ranges and high sea cliffs in the region, such as the [[Sléibhte Dhoire Bheatha]], [[Sliabh Liag]], the [[Binn Chuilceach]] agus [[Binn Ghulbain]]. The region is generally underlain by [[an tOrdaivíseach]] and [[an Siolúrach]] sceallaí agus gréabhacaí, laid down 417-495 million years ago. These are found in eastern Cavan and Monaghan. The bedrock of western Cavan, Leitrim and Sligo is composed mostly of [[carbónmhar]] limestones that were laid roughly 355 million years ago. However, a 1.5 billion year old narrow strip of metamorphosed gneisses extend across Sligo near [[Sliabh Gamh]].<ref name=geocavan /><ref name=geosligo /> '' County Donegal has one of the most complex geologies in Ireland. Much of the county is underlain by [[Réamhchaimbriach]] gneiss, schist and quartzite, laid down during the Grenvillian Orogeny 700 million years ago. The Border Region's highest point, [[An Earagail]], at 751 m, is composed of Precambrian quartzite. '' Ireland's oldest rocks, laid down 1.78 billion years ago, are found on the island of [[Inis Trá Tholl]].<ref name=gsi /> Inis Trá Tholl is Ireland's most northerly island, located approximately 10&nbsp;km north of [[Cionn Mhálanna]], mainland Ireland's most northerly point. '' [[Loch Súilí]] in Donegal is one of Ireland's three fjords. == Buntásc == __NOINDEX__ __NOTOC__ r10qypwqydzaqf2x4f8m32x9wnakcmd 1320683 1320682 2026-07-15T20:30:54Z Marcas.oduinn 33120 /* Údarás um Páirtithe Polaitiúla Eorpacha agus um Fhondúireachtaí Polaitiúla Eorpacha */ 1320683 wikitext text/x-wiki == Ceanntásc == (an t)Údarás um..., (an) G(h)níomhaireacht um... (an) Comhbheartas Talmhaíochta. Cé acu sa teideal? Féach: * [http://www.gaois.ie gaois.ie]. * ''Wikidata list'' [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Wikidata list/Contaetha na hÉireann#Réigiún na hÉireann|Réigiúin na hÉireann]]. === Réigiún === {| class="wikitable" style="width:100%; vertical-align:top;" ! style="width:50%;" | Réigiúin ! style="width:50%;" | Réigiúin NUTS |- | style="text-align:center" | [[Íomhá:IrelandRegions.png | center]] | align=center | [[Íomhá:NUTS3 Boundaries Ireland.png | center]] |- | style="vertical-align:top;" | Réigiúin na hÉireann: * (A) Tuaisceart * (B) Iarthar * (C) Iardheisceart * (D) Oirdheisceart * (E) Oirthear [BÁC] * (F) [[Lár na Tíre (Éire)]] | style="vertical-align:top;" | '''Réigiúin''' NUTS 3 na hÉireann: * [[Réigiún na Teorann|Teorainn]] * [[Réigiún an Iarthair|Iarthar]] * [[Réigiún Lár na Tíre|Lár na Tíre]] * [[Réigiún an Lár-Oirthir|Lár-Oirthear]] * [[Réigiún Bhaile Átha Cliath|Baile Átha Cliath]] * [[Réigiún an Lár-Iarthair|Lár-Iarthar]] * [[Réigiún an Oirdheiscirt|Oirdheisceart]] * [[Réigiún an Iardheiscirt|Iardheisceart]] |} {| |- | [[Íomhá:Newborderregionboundary.png | 80px]]<!--[[Íomhá:Ireland location map Border region.svg | 40px]]--> | [[Íomhá:Ireland location map West region.svg | 80px]] | [[Íomhá:Ireland location map Midlands.svg | 80px]] | [[Íomhá:Mid East Ireland 2018.png | 80px]]<!--[[Íomhá:Ireland location map Mid-East.svg | 40px]]--> | [[Íomhá:Island_of_Ireland_location_map_Dublin.svg | 80px]] | [[Íomhá:Mid-West Region Map Ireland 2018.png | 80px]]<!--[[Íomhá:Mid-West Region Map Ireland 2018.png | 40px]]--> | [[Íomhá:SE Region Ireland 2018.png | 80px]]<!--[[Íomhá:Ireland location map South East.svg | 40px]]--> | [[Íomhá:Ireland location map South West.svg | 80px]] |} === Acrainm === * [[Aicmiú Comhchoiteann na nAonad Críche maidir le Staidreamh|NUTS]] - Acáise * [[Comhordú an Eolais ar an Timpeallacht|CORINE]] - Ceolta * [[CORDIS]] - SeoTaifeach * [[Inter-Active Terminology for Europe|IATE]] - Tighe == Eile == # ''[[:en:Authority for European Political Parties and European Political Foundations|Authority for European Political Parties and European Political Foundations]]'' - [[Údarás um Páirtithe Polaitiúla Eorpacha agus um Fhondúireachtaí Polaitiúla Eorpacha]] (2016) # ''[[:en:Agency for Support for BEREC|Agency for Support for BEREC]]'' - [[Gníomhaireacht Tacaíochta BEREC]] (2009) # ''[[:en:EU-CyCLONe|EU-CyCLONe]]'' - [[EU-CyCLONe]] (2020) == Sábháilteacht == {{short description|European Union civil aviation authority}} {{Redirect|EASA}} {{Use British English|date=March 2013}} {{Use dmy dates|date=July 2022}} {{Infobox government agency | name = European Union Aviation Safety Agency (EASA) | type = | seal = | seal_width = | seal_caption = | logo = EASA Logo.svg | logo_width = | logo_caption = | image = EASA Headquarters - EASA Direktion.jpg | image_size = | image_caption = The offices of the agency in [[Cologne]], Germany | formed = {{Start date|2002|07|12|df=y}} <!-- entry into force of Regulation (EC) No 1592/2002 --> | preceding1 = | dissolved = | superseding1 = | jurisdiction = [[European Union|EU]] and [[European Free Trade Association|EFTA]] members<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.easa.europa.eu/domains/international-cooperation/easa-by-country|title=EASA By Country|website=EASA}}</ref> | headquarters = [[Cologne]], Germany | coordinates = <!-- {{coord|LATITUDE|LONGITUDE|type:landmark_region:US|display=inline,title}} --> | motto = | employees = | budget = | chief1_name = [[Florian Guillermet]] | chief1_position = Executive director | keydocument1 = [https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2018/1139 Regulation (EU) 2018/1139] <!--| keydocument2 = [http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg/2008/216/oj Regulation (EC) No 216/2008] | keydocument3 = [http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg/2002/1592/oj Regulation (EC) No 1592/2002]-->| website = {{url|easa.europa.eu}} | footnotes = | embed = | map = {{Location map many | European Union | width = 250px | label1 = Cologne | caption1 = | position1 = right | coordinates1 = {{coord|50.56|6.57}}}} | map_width = 275 | map_caption = }} The '''European Union Aviation Safety Agency''' ('''EASA''') is an [[Agencies of the European Union|agency]] of the [[European Commission]] with responsibility for civil [[aviation safety]] in the [[European Union]]. It carries out [[Type certificate|certification]], regulation and standardisation and also performs investigation and monitoring.{{r|flor|page=§4.3}} It collects and analyses safety data, drafts and advises on safety legislation and co-ordinates with similar organisations in other parts of the world.{{r|flor|page=§4.3}} The idea of a European-level aviation safety authority goes back to 1996, but the agency was legally established only in 2002; it began its work in 2003.{{r|flor|page=§4.3}} == Comhlacht na Rialálaithe Eorpacha um Chumarsáid Leictreonach == {{WD Bosca Sonraí Eagraíochta}} keydocument1 = [https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/GA/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32018R1971 Rialachán (AE) 2018/1971] '' The '''Comhlacht na Rialálaithe Eorpacha um Chumarsáid Leictreonach'''<ref name=iate /> (Béarla: ''Body of European Regulators for Electronic Communications'' ('''BEREC''')) is the body in which the regulators of the telecommunications markets in the [[an tAontas Eorpach]] work together.<ref name=UIA /> Other participants include representatives of the [[an Coimisiún Eorpach]], as well as telecommunication regulators from the member states of the [[Limistéar Eorpach Eacnamaíoch|LEE]] and of states that are in the process of joining the EU. == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = <ref name=iate>{{lua idirlín | url = https://iate.europa.eu/entry/result/#3500516/ga | teideal = Téarma: Comhlacht na Rialálaithe Eorpacha um Chumarsáid Leictreonach | foilsitheoir = [[IATE]] | dátarochtana = 15-07-2026}}</ref> <ref name=UIA>{{lua idirlín | url = https://uia.org/s/or/en/1100015682 | teideal = Body of European Regulators for Electronic Communications (BEREC) | bliain = 2024 | department=UIA Global Civil Society Database | work = uia.org | foilsitheoir = [[Union of International Associations]]}}</ref> }} == Údarás um Páirtithe Polaitiúla Eorpacha agus um Fhondúireachtaí Polaitiúla Eorpacha == {{WD Bosca Sonraí Eagraíochta}} | keydocument1 = [https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:02014R1141-20190327 Regulation (EU, Euratom) No. 1141/2014] '' an t'''Údarás um Páirtithe Polaitiúla Eorpacha agus um Fhondúireachtaí Polaitiúla Eorpacha'''<ref name=iate /> (Béarla: ''Authority for European Political Parties and European Political Foundations'' ('''APPF''') is a [[Agencies of the European Union|body of the European Union]] in charge of registering, controlling and imposing sanctions on [[European political party|European political parties]] and [[European political foundation]]s. '' The APPF has offices in [[Brussels]] and [[Strasbourg]]; since 2021, its Director has been Pascal Schonard. == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = <ref name=iate>{{lua idirlín | url = https://iate.europa.eu/entry/result/3644247/ga | teideal = Téarma: ComhlachÚdarás um Páirtithe Polaitiúla Eorpacha agus um Fhondúireachtaí Polaitiúla Eorpachat na Rialálaithe Eorpacha um Chumarsáid Leictreonach | foilsitheoir = [[IATE]] | dátarochtana = 15-07-2026}}</ref> }} == EU-CyCLONe == '' EU-CyCLONe or '''European Cyber Crisis Liaison Organisation Network''' is a cooperation network for [[European Union]] members to national authorities in charge of cyber crisis management.<ref name=ability /> It was set up as part of the [[NIS 2 Directive]].<ref name=nis2 /> '' It was launched in 2020 and formalised in January 2023.<ref name=cyber-resilience /> The chair rotates with the [[Uachtaránacht ar Chomhairle an Aontais Eorpaigh]].<ref name=cyber-resilience/> '' EU-CyCLONe submits a report assessing its work to the [[Parlaimint na hEorpa]] and [[Comhairle an Aontais Eorpaigh]] every 18 months, starting 17 October 2024.<ref name=cyber-resilience/> == Blue OLEx '' The Blueprint Operational Level Exercise is an annual exercise involving senior cybersecurity officials from EU member states and the [[an Coimisiún Eorpach]], with [[an tAontas Eorpach]] support.<ref name=cyber-resilience/> In 2024 it was hosted in [[an Róimh]] by [[Agenzia per la Cybersicurezza Nazionale]], focused on executive level cooperation, particularly via EU-CyCLONe.<ref name=cyber-resilience/> == Naisc sheachtracha * [https://www.nis-2-directive.com/NIS_2_Directive_Article_14_(Proposal_16.12.2020).html The NIS 2 Directive, The European cyber crises liaison organisation network (EU - CyCLONe)] - Article 14 on EU-CyCLONe * [https://www.nis-2-directive.com/NIS_2_Directive_Article_16.html The NIS 2 Directive, Final Text] - Article 16 on EU-CyCLONe * [https://www.nis-2-directive.com/NIS_2_Directive_Article_17.html The NIS 2 Directive, Final Text] - Article 17, International cooperation == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = <ref name=ability>{{lua idirlín | teideal = EU countries test their ability to cooperate in the event of cyber attacks | url = https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/news/eu-countries-test-their-ability-cooperate-event-cyber-attacks | dáta = 2020-09-29 | dátarochtana = 2025-02-24 | work = [[an Coimisiún Eorpach]]}}</ref> <ref name=nis2>{{lua idirlín | teideal = Europe moves closer to stricter cybersecurity standards, reporting regs | url = https://www.theregister.com/2022/05/17/europe_nis2_cybersecurity_regulations/ | sloinne = Lyons | ainm = Jessica | dáta = 2022-05-17 | dátarochtana = 2025-02-24 | work = [[The Register]]}}</ref> <ref name=cyber-resilience>{{cite news | teideal = EU Ramps Up Cyber Resilience with Major Crisis Simulation Exercise | sloinne = Poireault | ainm = Kevin | dáta = 2024-11-11 | url = https://www.infosecurity-magazine.com/news/eu-cyber-resilience-crisis/ | dátarochtana = 2025-02-24 | work = Infosecurity Magazine}}</ref> }} == Tíreolaíocht == [[Réigiún na Teorann]] === Geografaíocht fhisiceach [[Íomhá:Glencar waterfall01.jpg| thumb | 170px | [[Loch Ghleann an Chairthe|Eas Ghleann an Chairthe]], Liatroim]] '' The region encompasses the entire northwest coast of Ireland along the [[an tAigéan Atlantach]]. Two of Ireland's longest rivers, [[an tSionainn]] and the [[an Éirne]], agus an [[Uiscebhealach na Sionainne is na hÉirne]] eatarthu. Cavan and Monaghan in the east of the region are characterized by a drumlin landscape, with hundreds of loughs interspersed between. [[Loch Aillionn]] in Leitrim is the region's largest lake, at 35 km². '' The west of the region, from [[Teallach Eathach]], County Cavan, to the Atlantic coast is largely rocky and mountainous, with coastal cliffs but also beaches in counties Sligo, Donegal and Leitrim. Leitrim has the smallest coastline of any county, at just 5&nbsp;km in length, while Donegal has the longest, at 1,134&nbsp;km. === Foraoiseacht '' there is a total of 130,345 ha of forest and woodland cover in the Border Region, equating to 11.3% of the region's land area, the national average.<ref name=govagri2017 /> '' Traditionally, the region had a very low cover forest and planting schemes were undertaken by the Department of Agriculture or [[Comhlachtaí státurraithe na hÉireann|comhlachtaí státurraithe]] such as [[Coillte]]. County Leitrim is now Ireland's most forested county at 18.9% forest cover. However, over 50% of Leitrim's forests are in private ownership.<ref name=govagri2006 /> === Aeráid '' Under [[Aicmiú aeráide Köppen]], the region experiences a maritime [[aeráid mheasartha]] [[aeráid aigéanach]], meaning cool winters, mild humid summers, and a lack of temperature extremes. Summer daytime temperatures range between 15°C agus 22°C, rarely going beyond 25°C. While the region generally experiences mild winters, upland areas typically have snow. Humidity is high year round and rainfall ranges from ~1,250&nbsp;mm ([[Marcréidh]], Sligeach) to ~1,000&nbsp;mm ([[Béal Átha hÉis]], Cabhán), evenly distributed throughout the year. <ref name=metclimate /> === Geolaíocht [[Íomhá: Benbulben2.jpg | thumb | 200px | [[Binn Ghulbain]], Contae Shligigh]] '' There are many large mountain ranges and high sea cliffs in the region, such as the [[Sléibhte Dhoire Bheatha]], [[Sliabh Liag]], the [[Binn Chuilceach]] agus [[Binn Ghulbain]]. The region is generally underlain by [[an tOrdaivíseach]] and [[an Siolúrach]] sceallaí agus gréabhacaí, laid down 417-495 million years ago. These are found in eastern Cavan and Monaghan. The bedrock of western Cavan, Leitrim and Sligo is composed mostly of [[carbónmhar]] limestones that were laid roughly 355 million years ago. However, a 1.5 billion year old narrow strip of metamorphosed gneisses extend across Sligo near [[Sliabh Gamh]].<ref name=geocavan /><ref name=geosligo /> '' County Donegal has one of the most complex geologies in Ireland. Much of the county is underlain by [[Réamhchaimbriach]] gneiss, schist and quartzite, laid down during the Grenvillian Orogeny 700 million years ago. The Border Region's highest point, [[An Earagail]], at 751 m, is composed of Precambrian quartzite. '' Ireland's oldest rocks, laid down 1.78 billion years ago, are found on the island of [[Inis Trá Tholl]].<ref name=gsi /> Inis Trá Tholl is Ireland's most northerly island, located approximately 10&nbsp;km north of [[Cionn Mhálanna]], mainland Ireland's most northerly point. '' [[Loch Súilí]] in Donegal is one of Ireland's three fjords. == Buntásc == __NOINDEX__ __NOTOC__ k51rkdwm38n9zvhsenewfomolunf5f6 1320684 1320683 2026-07-15T20:31:12Z Marcas.oduinn 33120 1320684 wikitext text/x-wiki == Ceanntásc == (an t)Údarás um..., (an) G(h)níomhaireacht um... (an) Comhbheartas Talmhaíochta. Cé acu sa teideal? Féach: * [http://www.gaois.ie gaois.ie]. * ''Wikidata list'' [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Wikidata list/Contaetha na hÉireann#Réigiún na hÉireann|Réigiúin na hÉireann]]. === Réigiún === {| class="wikitable" style="width:100%; vertical-align:top;" ! style="width:50%;" | Réigiúin ! style="width:50%;" | Réigiúin NUTS |- | style="text-align:center" | [[Íomhá:IrelandRegions.png | center]] | align=center | [[Íomhá:NUTS3 Boundaries Ireland.png | center]] |- | style="vertical-align:top;" | Réigiúin na hÉireann: * (A) Tuaisceart * (B) Iarthar * (C) Iardheisceart * (D) Oirdheisceart * (E) Oirthear [BÁC] * (F) [[Lár na Tíre (Éire)]] | style="vertical-align:top;" | '''Réigiúin''' NUTS 3 na hÉireann: * [[Réigiún na Teorann|Teorainn]] * [[Réigiún an Iarthair|Iarthar]] * [[Réigiún Lár na Tíre|Lár na Tíre]] * [[Réigiún an Lár-Oirthir|Lár-Oirthear]] * [[Réigiún Bhaile Átha Cliath|Baile Átha Cliath]] * [[Réigiún an Lár-Iarthair|Lár-Iarthar]] * [[Réigiún an Oirdheiscirt|Oirdheisceart]] * [[Réigiún an Iardheiscirt|Iardheisceart]] |} {| |- | [[Íomhá:Newborderregionboundary.png | 80px]]<!--[[Íomhá:Ireland location map Border region.svg | 40px]]--> | [[Íomhá:Ireland location map West region.svg | 80px]] | [[Íomhá:Ireland location map Midlands.svg | 80px]] | [[Íomhá:Mid East Ireland 2018.png | 80px]]<!--[[Íomhá:Ireland location map Mid-East.svg | 40px]]--> | [[Íomhá:Island_of_Ireland_location_map_Dublin.svg | 80px]] | [[Íomhá:Mid-West Region Map Ireland 2018.png | 80px]]<!--[[Íomhá:Mid-West Region Map Ireland 2018.png | 40px]]--> | [[Íomhá:SE Region Ireland 2018.png | 80px]]<!--[[Íomhá:Ireland location map South East.svg | 40px]]--> | [[Íomhá:Ireland location map South West.svg | 80px]] |} === Acrainm === * [[Aicmiú Comhchoiteann na nAonad Críche maidir le Staidreamh|NUTS]] - Acáise * [[Comhordú an Eolais ar an Timpeallacht|CORINE]] - Ceolta * [[CORDIS]] - SeoTaifeach * [[Inter-Active Terminology for Europe|IATE]] - Tighe == Eile == # ''[[:en:Authority for European Political Parties and European Political Foundations|Authority for European Political Parties and European Political Foundations]]'' - [[Údarás um Páirtithe Polaitiúla Eorpacha agus um Fhondúireachtaí Polaitiúla Eorpacha]] (2016) # ''[[:en:Agency for Support for BEREC|Agency for Support for BEREC]]'' - [[Gníomhaireacht Tacaíochta BEREC]] (2009) # ''[[:en:EU-CyCLONe|EU-CyCLONe]]'' - [[EU-CyCLONe]] (2020) == Sábháilteacht == {{short description|European Union civil aviation authority}} {{Redirect|EASA}} {{Use British English|date=March 2013}} {{Use dmy dates|date=July 2022}} {{Infobox government agency | name = European Union Aviation Safety Agency (EASA) | type = | seal = | seal_width = | seal_caption = | logo = EASA Logo.svg | logo_width = | logo_caption = | image = EASA Headquarters - EASA Direktion.jpg | image_size = | image_caption = The offices of the agency in [[Cologne]], Germany | formed = {{Start date|2002|07|12|df=y}} <!-- entry into force of Regulation (EC) No 1592/2002 --> | preceding1 = | dissolved = | superseding1 = | jurisdiction = [[European Union|EU]] and [[European Free Trade Association|EFTA]] members<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.easa.europa.eu/domains/international-cooperation/easa-by-country|title=EASA By Country|website=EASA}}</ref> | headquarters = [[Cologne]], Germany | coordinates = <!-- {{coord|LATITUDE|LONGITUDE|type:landmark_region:US|display=inline,title}} --> | motto = | employees = | budget = | chief1_name = [[Florian Guillermet]] | chief1_position = Executive director | keydocument1 = [https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2018/1139 Regulation (EU) 2018/1139] <!--| keydocument2 = [http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg/2008/216/oj Regulation (EC) No 216/2008] | keydocument3 = [http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg/2002/1592/oj Regulation (EC) No 1592/2002]-->| website = {{url|easa.europa.eu}} | footnotes = | embed = | map = {{Location map many | European Union | width = 250px | label1 = Cologne | caption1 = | position1 = right | coordinates1 = {{coord|50.56|6.57}}}} | map_width = 275 | map_caption = }} The '''European Union Aviation Safety Agency''' ('''EASA''') is an [[Agencies of the European Union|agency]] of the [[European Commission]] with responsibility for civil [[aviation safety]] in the [[European Union]]. It carries out [[Type certificate|certification]], regulation and standardisation and also performs investigation and monitoring.{{r|flor|page=§4.3}} It collects and analyses safety data, drafts and advises on safety legislation and co-ordinates with similar organisations in other parts of the world.{{r|flor|page=§4.3}} The idea of a European-level aviation safety authority goes back to 1996, but the agency was legally established only in 2002; it began its work in 2003.{{r|flor|page=§4.3}} == Comhlacht na Rialálaithe Eorpacha um Chumarsáid Leictreonach == {{WD Bosca Sonraí Eagraíochta}} keydocument1 = [https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/GA/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32018R1971 Rialachán (AE) 2018/1971] '' The '''Comhlacht na Rialálaithe Eorpacha um Chumarsáid Leictreonach'''<ref name=iate /> (Béarla: ''Body of European Regulators for Electronic Communications'' ('''BEREC''')) is the body in which the regulators of the telecommunications markets in the [[an tAontas Eorpach]] work together.<ref name=UIA /> Other participants include representatives of the [[an Coimisiún Eorpach]], as well as telecommunication regulators from the member states of the [[Limistéar Eorpach Eacnamaíoch|LEE]] and of states that are in the process of joining the EU. == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = <ref name=iate>{{lua idirlín | url = https://iate.europa.eu/entry/result/3500516/ga | teideal = Téarma: Comhlacht na Rialálaithe Eorpacha um Chumarsáid Leictreonach | foilsitheoir = [[IATE]] | dátarochtana = 15-07-2026}}</ref> <ref name=UIA>{{lua idirlín | url = https://uia.org/s/or/en/1100015682 | teideal = Body of European Regulators for Electronic Communications (BEREC) | bliain = 2024 | department=UIA Global Civil Society Database | work = uia.org | foilsitheoir = [[Union of International Associations]]}}</ref> }} == Údarás um Páirtithe Polaitiúla Eorpacha agus um Fhondúireachtaí Polaitiúla Eorpacha == {{WD Bosca Sonraí Eagraíochta}} | keydocument1 = [https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:02014R1141-20190327 Regulation (EU, Euratom) No. 1141/2014] '' an t'''Údarás um Páirtithe Polaitiúla Eorpacha agus um Fhondúireachtaí Polaitiúla Eorpacha'''<ref name=iate /> (Béarla: ''Authority for European Political Parties and European Political Foundations'' ('''APPF''') is a [[Agencies of the European Union|body of the European Union]] in charge of registering, controlling and imposing sanctions on [[European political party|European political parties]] and [[European political foundation]]s. '' The APPF has offices in [[Brussels]] and [[Strasbourg]]; since 2021, its Director has been Pascal Schonard. == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = <ref name=iate>{{lua idirlín | url = https://iate.europa.eu/entry/result/3644247/ga | teideal = Téarma: ComhlachÚdarás um Páirtithe Polaitiúla Eorpacha agus um Fhondúireachtaí Polaitiúla Eorpachat na Rialálaithe Eorpacha um Chumarsáid Leictreonach | foilsitheoir = [[IATE]] | dátarochtana = 15-07-2026}}</ref> }} == EU-CyCLONe == '' EU-CyCLONe or '''European Cyber Crisis Liaison Organisation Network''' is a cooperation network for [[European Union]] members to national authorities in charge of cyber crisis management.<ref name=ability /> It was set up as part of the [[NIS 2 Directive]].<ref name=nis2 /> '' It was launched in 2020 and formalised in January 2023.<ref name=cyber-resilience /> The chair rotates with the [[Uachtaránacht ar Chomhairle an Aontais Eorpaigh]].<ref name=cyber-resilience/> '' EU-CyCLONe submits a report assessing its work to the [[Parlaimint na hEorpa]] and [[Comhairle an Aontais Eorpaigh]] every 18 months, starting 17 October 2024.<ref name=cyber-resilience/> == Blue OLEx '' The Blueprint Operational Level Exercise is an annual exercise involving senior cybersecurity officials from EU member states and the [[an Coimisiún Eorpach]], with [[an tAontas Eorpach]] support.<ref name=cyber-resilience/> In 2024 it was hosted in [[an Róimh]] by [[Agenzia per la Cybersicurezza Nazionale]], focused on executive level cooperation, particularly via EU-CyCLONe.<ref name=cyber-resilience/> == Naisc sheachtracha * [https://www.nis-2-directive.com/NIS_2_Directive_Article_14_(Proposal_16.12.2020).html The NIS 2 Directive, The European cyber crises liaison organisation network (EU - CyCLONe)] - Article 14 on EU-CyCLONe * [https://www.nis-2-directive.com/NIS_2_Directive_Article_16.html The NIS 2 Directive, Final Text] - Article 16 on EU-CyCLONe * [https://www.nis-2-directive.com/NIS_2_Directive_Article_17.html The NIS 2 Directive, Final Text] - Article 17, International cooperation == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = <ref name=ability>{{lua idirlín | teideal = EU countries test their ability to cooperate in the event of cyber attacks | url = https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/news/eu-countries-test-their-ability-cooperate-event-cyber-attacks | dáta = 2020-09-29 | dátarochtana = 2025-02-24 | work = [[an Coimisiún Eorpach]]}}</ref> <ref name=nis2>{{lua idirlín | teideal = Europe moves closer to stricter cybersecurity standards, reporting regs | url = https://www.theregister.com/2022/05/17/europe_nis2_cybersecurity_regulations/ | sloinne = Lyons | ainm = Jessica | dáta = 2022-05-17 | dátarochtana = 2025-02-24 | work = [[The Register]]}}</ref> <ref name=cyber-resilience>{{cite news | teideal = EU Ramps Up Cyber Resilience with Major Crisis Simulation Exercise | sloinne = Poireault | ainm = Kevin | dáta = 2024-11-11 | url = https://www.infosecurity-magazine.com/news/eu-cyber-resilience-crisis/ | dátarochtana = 2025-02-24 | work = Infosecurity Magazine}}</ref> }} == Tíreolaíocht == [[Réigiún na Teorann]] === Geografaíocht fhisiceach [[Íomhá:Glencar waterfall01.jpg| thumb | 170px | [[Loch Ghleann an Chairthe|Eas Ghleann an Chairthe]], Liatroim]] '' The region encompasses the entire northwest coast of Ireland along the [[an tAigéan Atlantach]]. Two of Ireland's longest rivers, [[an tSionainn]] and the [[an Éirne]], agus an [[Uiscebhealach na Sionainne is na hÉirne]] eatarthu. Cavan and Monaghan in the east of the region are characterized by a drumlin landscape, with hundreds of loughs interspersed between. [[Loch Aillionn]] in Leitrim is the region's largest lake, at 35 km². '' The west of the region, from [[Teallach Eathach]], County Cavan, to the Atlantic coast is largely rocky and mountainous, with coastal cliffs but also beaches in counties Sligo, Donegal and Leitrim. Leitrim has the smallest coastline of any county, at just 5&nbsp;km in length, while Donegal has the longest, at 1,134&nbsp;km. === Foraoiseacht '' there is a total of 130,345 ha of forest and woodland cover in the Border Region, equating to 11.3% of the region's land area, the national average.<ref name=govagri2017 /> '' Traditionally, the region had a very low cover forest and planting schemes were undertaken by the Department of Agriculture or [[Comhlachtaí státurraithe na hÉireann|comhlachtaí státurraithe]] such as [[Coillte]]. County Leitrim is now Ireland's most forested county at 18.9% forest cover. However, over 50% of Leitrim's forests are in private ownership.<ref name=govagri2006 /> === Aeráid '' Under [[Aicmiú aeráide Köppen]], the region experiences a maritime [[aeráid mheasartha]] [[aeráid aigéanach]], meaning cool winters, mild humid summers, and a lack of temperature extremes. Summer daytime temperatures range between 15°C agus 22°C, rarely going beyond 25°C. While the region generally experiences mild winters, upland areas typically have snow. Humidity is high year round and rainfall ranges from ~1,250&nbsp;mm ([[Marcréidh]], Sligeach) to ~1,000&nbsp;mm ([[Béal Átha hÉis]], Cabhán), evenly distributed throughout the year. <ref name=metclimate /> === Geolaíocht [[Íomhá: Benbulben2.jpg | thumb | 200px | [[Binn Ghulbain]], Contae Shligigh]] '' There are many large mountain ranges and high sea cliffs in the region, such as the [[Sléibhte Dhoire Bheatha]], [[Sliabh Liag]], the [[Binn Chuilceach]] agus [[Binn Ghulbain]]. The region is generally underlain by [[an tOrdaivíseach]] and [[an Siolúrach]] sceallaí agus gréabhacaí, laid down 417-495 million years ago. These are found in eastern Cavan and Monaghan. The bedrock of western Cavan, Leitrim and Sligo is composed mostly of [[carbónmhar]] limestones that were laid roughly 355 million years ago. However, a 1.5 billion year old narrow strip of metamorphosed gneisses extend across Sligo near [[Sliabh Gamh]].<ref name=geocavan /><ref name=geosligo /> '' County Donegal has one of the most complex geologies in Ireland. Much of the county is underlain by [[Réamhchaimbriach]] gneiss, schist and quartzite, laid down during the Grenvillian Orogeny 700 million years ago. The Border Region's highest point, [[An Earagail]], at 751 m, is composed of Precambrian quartzite. '' Ireland's oldest rocks, laid down 1.78 billion years ago, are found on the island of [[Inis Trá Tholl]].<ref name=gsi /> Inis Trá Tholl is Ireland's most northerly island, located approximately 10&nbsp;km north of [[Cionn Mhálanna]], mainland Ireland's most northerly point. '' [[Loch Súilí]] in Donegal is one of Ireland's three fjords. == Buntásc == __NOINDEX__ __NOTOC__ teu4cd37e89mnvt7e40n2ei7nhjq76q 1320685 1320684 2026-07-15T20:34:41Z Marcas.oduinn 33120 /* Údarás um Páirtithe Polaitiúla Eorpacha agus um Fhondúireachtaí Polaitiúla Eorpacha */ 1320685 wikitext text/x-wiki == Ceanntásc == (an t)Údarás um..., (an) G(h)níomhaireacht um... (an) Comhbheartas Talmhaíochta. Cé acu sa teideal? Féach: * [http://www.gaois.ie gaois.ie]. * ''Wikidata list'' [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Wikidata list/Contaetha na hÉireann#Réigiún na hÉireann|Réigiúin na hÉireann]]. === Réigiún === {| class="wikitable" style="width:100%; vertical-align:top;" ! style="width:50%;" | Réigiúin ! style="width:50%;" | Réigiúin NUTS |- | style="text-align:center" | [[Íomhá:IrelandRegions.png | center]] | align=center | [[Íomhá:NUTS3 Boundaries Ireland.png | center]] |- | style="vertical-align:top;" | Réigiúin na hÉireann: * (A) Tuaisceart * (B) Iarthar * (C) Iardheisceart * (D) Oirdheisceart * (E) Oirthear [BÁC] * (F) [[Lár na Tíre (Éire)]] | style="vertical-align:top;" | '''Réigiúin''' NUTS 3 na hÉireann: * [[Réigiún na Teorann|Teorainn]] * [[Réigiún an Iarthair|Iarthar]] * [[Réigiún Lár na Tíre|Lár na Tíre]] * [[Réigiún an Lár-Oirthir|Lár-Oirthear]] * [[Réigiún Bhaile Átha Cliath|Baile Átha Cliath]] * [[Réigiún an Lár-Iarthair|Lár-Iarthar]] * [[Réigiún an Oirdheiscirt|Oirdheisceart]] * [[Réigiún an Iardheiscirt|Iardheisceart]] |} {| |- | [[Íomhá:Newborderregionboundary.png | 80px]]<!--[[Íomhá:Ireland location map Border region.svg | 40px]]--> | [[Íomhá:Ireland location map West region.svg | 80px]] | [[Íomhá:Ireland location map Midlands.svg | 80px]] | [[Íomhá:Mid East Ireland 2018.png | 80px]]<!--[[Íomhá:Ireland location map Mid-East.svg | 40px]]--> | [[Íomhá:Island_of_Ireland_location_map_Dublin.svg | 80px]] | [[Íomhá:Mid-West Region Map Ireland 2018.png | 80px]]<!--[[Íomhá:Mid-West Region Map Ireland 2018.png | 40px]]--> | [[Íomhá:SE Region Ireland 2018.png | 80px]]<!--[[Íomhá:Ireland location map South East.svg | 40px]]--> | [[Íomhá:Ireland location map South West.svg | 80px]] |} === Acrainm === * [[Aicmiú Comhchoiteann na nAonad Críche maidir le Staidreamh|NUTS]] - Acáise * [[Comhordú an Eolais ar an Timpeallacht|CORINE]] - Ceolta * [[CORDIS]] - SeoTaifeach * [[Inter-Active Terminology for Europe|IATE]] - Tighe == Eile == # ''[[:en:Authority for European Political Parties and European Political Foundations|Authority for European Political Parties and European Political Foundations]]'' - [[Údarás um Páirtithe Polaitiúla Eorpacha agus um Fhondúireachtaí Polaitiúla Eorpacha]] (2016) # ''[[:en:Agency for Support for BEREC|Agency for Support for BEREC]]'' - [[Gníomhaireacht Tacaíochta BEREC]] (2009) # ''[[:en:EU-CyCLONe|EU-CyCLONe]]'' - [[EU-CyCLONe]] (2020) == Sábháilteacht == {{short description|European Union civil aviation authority}} {{Redirect|EASA}} {{Use British English|date=March 2013}} {{Use dmy dates|date=July 2022}} {{Infobox government agency | name = European Union Aviation Safety Agency (EASA) | type = | seal = | seal_width = | seal_caption = | logo = EASA Logo.svg | logo_width = | logo_caption = | image = EASA Headquarters - EASA Direktion.jpg | image_size = | image_caption = The offices of the agency in [[Cologne]], Germany | formed = {{Start date|2002|07|12|df=y}} <!-- entry into force of Regulation (EC) No 1592/2002 --> | preceding1 = | dissolved = | superseding1 = | jurisdiction = [[European Union|EU]] and [[European Free Trade Association|EFTA]] members<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.easa.europa.eu/domains/international-cooperation/easa-by-country|title=EASA By Country|website=EASA}}</ref> | headquarters = [[Cologne]], Germany | coordinates = <!-- {{coord|LATITUDE|LONGITUDE|type:landmark_region:US|display=inline,title}} --> | motto = | employees = | budget = | chief1_name = [[Florian Guillermet]] | chief1_position = Executive director | keydocument1 = [https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2018/1139 Regulation (EU) 2018/1139] <!--| keydocument2 = [http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg/2008/216/oj Regulation (EC) No 216/2008] | keydocument3 = [http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg/2002/1592/oj Regulation (EC) No 1592/2002]-->| website = {{url|easa.europa.eu}} | footnotes = | embed = | map = {{Location map many | European Union | width = 250px | label1 = Cologne | caption1 = | position1 = right | coordinates1 = {{coord|50.56|6.57}}}} | map_width = 275 | map_caption = }} The '''European Union Aviation Safety Agency''' ('''EASA''') is an [[Agencies of the European Union|agency]] of the [[European Commission]] with responsibility for civil [[aviation safety]] in the [[European Union]]. It carries out [[Type certificate|certification]], regulation and standardisation and also performs investigation and monitoring.{{r|flor|page=§4.3}} It collects and analyses safety data, drafts and advises on safety legislation and co-ordinates with similar organisations in other parts of the world.{{r|flor|page=§4.3}} The idea of a European-level aviation safety authority goes back to 1996, but the agency was legally established only in 2002; it began its work in 2003.{{r|flor|page=§4.3}} == Comhlacht na Rialálaithe Eorpacha um Chumarsáid Leictreonach == {{WD Bosca Sonraí Eagraíochta}} keydocument1 = [https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/GA/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32018R1971 Rialachán (AE) 2018/1971] '' The '''Comhlacht na Rialálaithe Eorpacha um Chumarsáid Leictreonach'''<ref name=iate /> (Béarla: ''Body of European Regulators for Electronic Communications'' ('''BEREC''')) is the body in which the regulators of the telecommunications markets in the [[an tAontas Eorpach]] work together.<ref name=UIA /> Other participants include representatives of the [[an Coimisiún Eorpach]], as well as telecommunication regulators from the member states of the [[Limistéar Eorpach Eacnamaíoch|LEE]] and of states that are in the process of joining the EU. == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = <ref name=iate>{{lua idirlín | url = https://iate.europa.eu/entry/result/3500516/ga | teideal = Téarma: Comhlacht na Rialálaithe Eorpacha um Chumarsáid Leictreonach | foilsitheoir = [[IATE]] | dátarochtana = 15-07-2026}}</ref> <ref name=UIA>{{lua idirlín | url = https://uia.org/s/or/en/1100015682 | teideal = Body of European Regulators for Electronic Communications (BEREC) | bliain = 2024 | department=UIA Global Civil Society Database | work = uia.org | foilsitheoir = [[Union of International Associations]]}}</ref> }} == Údarás um Páirtithe Polaitiúla Eorpacha agus um Fhondúireachtaí Polaitiúla Eorpacha == {{WD Bosca Sonraí Eagraíochta}} | keydocument1 = [https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2014/1141/oj/eng Rialachán (AE, Euratom) Uimh. 1141/2014] '' An t'''Údarás um Páirtithe Polaitiúla Eorpacha agus um Fhondúireachtaí Polaitiúla Eorpacha'''<ref name=iate /> (Béarla: ''Authority for European Political Parties and European Political Foundations'' ('''APPF''') is a [[Agencies of the European Union|body of the European Union]] in charge of registering, controlling and imposing sanctions on [[European political party|European political parties]] and [[European political foundation]]s. '' The APPF has offices in [[Brussels]] and [[Strasbourg]]; since 2021, its Director has been Pascal Schonard. == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = <ref name=iate>{{lua idirlín | url = https://iate.europa.eu/entry/result/3644247/ga | teideal = Téarma: ComhlachÚdarás um Páirtithe Polaitiúla Eorpacha agus um Fhondúireachtaí Polaitiúla Eorpachat na Rialálaithe Eorpacha um Chumarsáid Leictreonach | foilsitheoir = [[IATE]] | dátarochtana = 15-07-2026}}</ref> }} == EU-CyCLONe == '' EU-CyCLONe or '''European Cyber Crisis Liaison Organisation Network''' is a cooperation network for [[European Union]] members to national authorities in charge of cyber crisis management.<ref name=ability /> It was set up as part of the [[NIS 2 Directive]].<ref name=nis2 /> '' It was launched in 2020 and formalised in January 2023.<ref name=cyber-resilience /> The chair rotates with the [[Uachtaránacht ar Chomhairle an Aontais Eorpaigh]].<ref name=cyber-resilience/> '' EU-CyCLONe submits a report assessing its work to the [[Parlaimint na hEorpa]] and [[Comhairle an Aontais Eorpaigh]] every 18 months, starting 17 October 2024.<ref name=cyber-resilience/> == Blue OLEx '' The Blueprint Operational Level Exercise is an annual exercise involving senior cybersecurity officials from EU member states and the [[an Coimisiún Eorpach]], with [[an tAontas Eorpach]] support.<ref name=cyber-resilience/> In 2024 it was hosted in [[an Róimh]] by [[Agenzia per la Cybersicurezza Nazionale]], focused on executive level cooperation, particularly via EU-CyCLONe.<ref name=cyber-resilience/> == Naisc sheachtracha * [https://www.nis-2-directive.com/NIS_2_Directive_Article_14_(Proposal_16.12.2020).html The NIS 2 Directive, The European cyber crises liaison organisation network (EU - CyCLONe)] - Article 14 on EU-CyCLONe * [https://www.nis-2-directive.com/NIS_2_Directive_Article_16.html The NIS 2 Directive, Final Text] - Article 16 on EU-CyCLONe * [https://www.nis-2-directive.com/NIS_2_Directive_Article_17.html The NIS 2 Directive, Final Text] - Article 17, International cooperation == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = <ref name=ability>{{lua idirlín | teideal = EU countries test their ability to cooperate in the event of cyber attacks | url = https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/news/eu-countries-test-their-ability-cooperate-event-cyber-attacks | dáta = 2020-09-29 | dátarochtana = 2025-02-24 | work = [[an Coimisiún Eorpach]]}}</ref> <ref name=nis2>{{lua idirlín | teideal = Europe moves closer to stricter cybersecurity standards, reporting regs | url = https://www.theregister.com/2022/05/17/europe_nis2_cybersecurity_regulations/ | sloinne = Lyons | ainm = Jessica | dáta = 2022-05-17 | dátarochtana = 2025-02-24 | work = [[The Register]]}}</ref> <ref name=cyber-resilience>{{cite news | teideal = EU Ramps Up Cyber Resilience with Major Crisis Simulation Exercise | sloinne = Poireault | ainm = Kevin | dáta = 2024-11-11 | url = https://www.infosecurity-magazine.com/news/eu-cyber-resilience-crisis/ | dátarochtana = 2025-02-24 | work = Infosecurity Magazine}}</ref> }} == Tíreolaíocht == [[Réigiún na Teorann]] === Geografaíocht fhisiceach [[Íomhá:Glencar waterfall01.jpg| thumb | 170px | [[Loch Ghleann an Chairthe|Eas Ghleann an Chairthe]], Liatroim]] '' The region encompasses the entire northwest coast of Ireland along the [[an tAigéan Atlantach]]. Two of Ireland's longest rivers, [[an tSionainn]] and the [[an Éirne]], agus an [[Uiscebhealach na Sionainne is na hÉirne]] eatarthu. Cavan and Monaghan in the east of the region are characterized by a drumlin landscape, with hundreds of loughs interspersed between. [[Loch Aillionn]] in Leitrim is the region's largest lake, at 35 km². '' The west of the region, from [[Teallach Eathach]], County Cavan, to the Atlantic coast is largely rocky and mountainous, with coastal cliffs but also beaches in counties Sligo, Donegal and Leitrim. Leitrim has the smallest coastline of any county, at just 5&nbsp;km in length, while Donegal has the longest, at 1,134&nbsp;km. === Foraoiseacht '' there is a total of 130,345 ha of forest and woodland cover in the Border Region, equating to 11.3% of the region's land area, the national average.<ref name=govagri2017 /> '' Traditionally, the region had a very low cover forest and planting schemes were undertaken by the Department of Agriculture or [[Comhlachtaí státurraithe na hÉireann|comhlachtaí státurraithe]] such as [[Coillte]]. County Leitrim is now Ireland's most forested county at 18.9% forest cover. However, over 50% of Leitrim's forests are in private ownership.<ref name=govagri2006 /> === Aeráid '' Under [[Aicmiú aeráide Köppen]], the region experiences a maritime [[aeráid mheasartha]] [[aeráid aigéanach]], meaning cool winters, mild humid summers, and a lack of temperature extremes. Summer daytime temperatures range between 15°C agus 22°C, rarely going beyond 25°C. While the region generally experiences mild winters, upland areas typically have snow. Humidity is high year round and rainfall ranges from ~1,250&nbsp;mm ([[Marcréidh]], Sligeach) to ~1,000&nbsp;mm ([[Béal Átha hÉis]], Cabhán), evenly distributed throughout the year. <ref name=metclimate /> === Geolaíocht [[Íomhá: Benbulben2.jpg | thumb | 200px | [[Binn Ghulbain]], Contae Shligigh]] '' There are many large mountain ranges and high sea cliffs in the region, such as the [[Sléibhte Dhoire Bheatha]], [[Sliabh Liag]], the [[Binn Chuilceach]] agus [[Binn Ghulbain]]. The region is generally underlain by [[an tOrdaivíseach]] and [[an Siolúrach]] sceallaí agus gréabhacaí, laid down 417-495 million years ago. These are found in eastern Cavan and Monaghan. The bedrock of western Cavan, Leitrim and Sligo is composed mostly of [[carbónmhar]] limestones that were laid roughly 355 million years ago. However, a 1.5 billion year old narrow strip of metamorphosed gneisses extend across Sligo near [[Sliabh Gamh]].<ref name=geocavan /><ref name=geosligo /> '' County Donegal has one of the most complex geologies in Ireland. Much of the county is underlain by [[Réamhchaimbriach]] gneiss, schist and quartzite, laid down during the Grenvillian Orogeny 700 million years ago. The Border Region's highest point, [[An Earagail]], at 751 m, is composed of Precambrian quartzite. '' Ireland's oldest rocks, laid down 1.78 billion years ago, are found on the island of [[Inis Trá Tholl]].<ref name=gsi /> Inis Trá Tholl is Ireland's most northerly island, located approximately 10&nbsp;km north of [[Cionn Mhálanna]], mainland Ireland's most northerly point. '' [[Loch Súilí]] in Donegal is one of Ireland's three fjords. == Buntásc == __NOINDEX__ __NOTOC__ jl9ax5dww3imgvofbc3yzcx21s6s5dt 1320698 1320685 2026-07-15T21:21:06Z Marcas.oduinn 33120 /* Údarás um Páirtithe Polaitiúla Eorpacha agus um Fhondúireachtaí Polaitiúla Eorpacha */ 1320698 wikitext text/x-wiki == Ceanntásc == (an t)Údarás um..., (an) G(h)níomhaireacht um... (an) Comhbheartas Talmhaíochta. Cé acu sa teideal? Féach: * [http://www.gaois.ie gaois.ie]. * ''Wikidata list'' [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Wikidata list/Contaetha na hÉireann#Réigiún na hÉireann|Réigiúin na hÉireann]]. === Réigiún === {| class="wikitable" style="width:100%; vertical-align:top;" ! style="width:50%;" | Réigiúin ! style="width:50%;" | Réigiúin NUTS |- | style="text-align:center" | [[Íomhá:IrelandRegions.png | center]] | align=center | [[Íomhá:NUTS3 Boundaries Ireland.png | center]] |- | style="vertical-align:top;" | Réigiúin na hÉireann: * (A) Tuaisceart * (B) Iarthar * (C) Iardheisceart * (D) Oirdheisceart * (E) Oirthear [BÁC] * (F) [[Lár na Tíre (Éire)]] | style="vertical-align:top;" | '''Réigiúin''' NUTS 3 na hÉireann: * [[Réigiún na Teorann|Teorainn]] * [[Réigiún an Iarthair|Iarthar]] * [[Réigiún Lár na Tíre|Lár na Tíre]] * [[Réigiún an Lár-Oirthir|Lár-Oirthear]] * [[Réigiún Bhaile Átha Cliath|Baile Átha Cliath]] * [[Réigiún an Lár-Iarthair|Lár-Iarthar]] * [[Réigiún an Oirdheiscirt|Oirdheisceart]] * [[Réigiún an Iardheiscirt|Iardheisceart]] |} {| |- | [[Íomhá:Newborderregionboundary.png | 80px]]<!--[[Íomhá:Ireland location map Border region.svg | 40px]]--> | [[Íomhá:Ireland location map West region.svg | 80px]] | [[Íomhá:Ireland location map Midlands.svg | 80px]] | [[Íomhá:Mid East Ireland 2018.png | 80px]]<!--[[Íomhá:Ireland location map Mid-East.svg | 40px]]--> | [[Íomhá:Island_of_Ireland_location_map_Dublin.svg | 80px]] | [[Íomhá:Mid-West Region Map Ireland 2018.png | 80px]]<!--[[Íomhá:Mid-West Region Map Ireland 2018.png | 40px]]--> | [[Íomhá:SE Region Ireland 2018.png | 80px]]<!--[[Íomhá:Ireland location map South East.svg | 40px]]--> | [[Íomhá:Ireland location map South West.svg | 80px]] |} === Acrainm === * [[Aicmiú Comhchoiteann na nAonad Críche maidir le Staidreamh|NUTS]] - Acáise * [[Comhordú an Eolais ar an Timpeallacht|CORINE]] - Ceolta * [[CORDIS]] - SeoTaifeach * [[Inter-Active Terminology for Europe|IATE]] - Tighe == Eile == # ''[[:en:Authority for European Political Parties and European Political Foundations|Authority for European Political Parties and European Political Foundations]]'' - [[Údarás um Páirtithe Polaitiúla Eorpacha agus um Fhondúireachtaí Polaitiúla Eorpacha]] (2016) # ''[[:en:Agency for Support for BEREC|Agency for Support for BEREC]]'' - [[Gníomhaireacht Tacaíochta BEREC]] (2009) # ''[[:en:EU-CyCLONe|EU-CyCLONe]]'' - [[EU-CyCLONe]] (2020) == Sábháilteacht == {{short description|European Union civil aviation authority}} {{Redirect|EASA}} {{Use British English|date=March 2013}} {{Use dmy dates|date=July 2022}} {{Infobox government agency | name = European Union Aviation Safety Agency (EASA) | type = | seal = | seal_width = | seal_caption = | logo = EASA Logo.svg | logo_width = | logo_caption = | image = EASA Headquarters - EASA Direktion.jpg | image_size = | image_caption = The offices of the agency in [[Cologne]], Germany | formed = {{Start date|2002|07|12|df=y}} <!-- entry into force of Regulation (EC) No 1592/2002 --> | preceding1 = | dissolved = | superseding1 = | jurisdiction = [[European Union|EU]] and [[European Free Trade Association|EFTA]] members<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.easa.europa.eu/domains/international-cooperation/easa-by-country|title=EASA By Country|website=EASA}}</ref> | headquarters = [[Cologne]], Germany | coordinates = <!-- {{coord|LATITUDE|LONGITUDE|type:landmark_region:US|display=inline,title}} --> | motto = | employees = | budget = | chief1_name = [[Florian Guillermet]] | chief1_position = Executive director | keydocument1 = [https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2018/1139 Regulation (EU) 2018/1139] <!--| keydocument2 = [http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg/2008/216/oj Regulation (EC) No 216/2008] | keydocument3 = [http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg/2002/1592/oj Regulation (EC) No 1592/2002]-->| website = {{url|easa.europa.eu}} | footnotes = | embed = | map = {{Location map many | European Union | width = 250px | label1 = Cologne | caption1 = | position1 = right | coordinates1 = {{coord|50.56|6.57}}}} | map_width = 275 | map_caption = }} The '''European Union Aviation Safety Agency''' ('''EASA''') is an [[Agencies of the European Union|agency]] of the [[European Commission]] with responsibility for civil [[aviation safety]] in the [[European Union]]. It carries out [[Type certificate|certification]], regulation and standardisation and also performs investigation and monitoring.{{r|flor|page=§4.3}} It collects and analyses safety data, drafts and advises on safety legislation and co-ordinates with similar organisations in other parts of the world.{{r|flor|page=§4.3}} The idea of a European-level aviation safety authority goes back to 1996, but the agency was legally established only in 2002; it began its work in 2003.{{r|flor|page=§4.3}} == Comhlacht na Rialálaithe Eorpacha um Chumarsáid Leictreonach == {{WD Bosca Sonraí Eagraíochta}} keydocument1 = [https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/GA/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32018R1971 Rialachán (AE) 2018/1971] '' The '''Comhlacht na Rialálaithe Eorpacha um Chumarsáid Leictreonach'''<ref name=iate /> (Béarla: ''Body of European Regulators for Electronic Communications'' ('''BEREC''')) is the body in which the regulators of the telecommunications markets in the [[an tAontas Eorpach]] work together.<ref name=UIA /> Other participants include representatives of the [[an Coimisiún Eorpach]], as well as telecommunication regulators from the member states of the [[Limistéar Eorpach Eacnamaíoch|LEE]] and of states that are in the process of joining the EU. == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = <ref name=iate>{{lua idirlín | url = https://iate.europa.eu/entry/result/3500516/ga | teideal = Téarma: Comhlacht na Rialálaithe Eorpacha um Chumarsáid Leictreonach | foilsitheoir = [[IATE]] | dátarochtana = 15-07-2026}}</ref> <ref name=UIA>{{lua idirlín | url = https://uia.org/s/or/en/1100015682 | teideal = Body of European Regulators for Electronic Communications (BEREC) | bliain = 2024 | department=UIA Global Civil Society Database | work = uia.org | foilsitheoir = [[Union of International Associations]]}}</ref> }} == Údarás um Páirtithe Polaitiúla Eorpacha agus um Fhondúireachtaí Polaitiúla Eorpacha == {{WD Bosca Sonraí Eagraíochta}} | keydocument1 = [https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2014/1141/oj/eng Rialachán (AE, Euratom) Uimh. 1141/2014] '' An t'''Údarás um Páirtithe Polaitiúla Eorpacha agus um Fhondúireachtaí Polaitiúla Eorpacha'''<ref name=iate /> (Béarla: ''Authority for European Political Parties and European Political Foundations'' ('''APPF''') is a [[Gníomhaireachtaí an Aontais Eorpaigh|body of the European Union]] in charge of registering, controlling and imposing sanctions on [[European political party|European political parties]] and [[European political foundation]]s. '' The APPF has offices in [[an Bhruiséil]] and [[Strasbourg]]; since 2021, its Director has been Pascal Schonard. == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = <ref name=iate>{{lua idirlín | url = https://iate.europa.eu/entry/result/3644247/ga | teideal = Téarma: ComhlachÚdarás um Páirtithe Polaitiúla Eorpacha agus um Fhondúireachtaí Polaitiúla Eorpachat na Rialálaithe Eorpacha um Chumarsáid Leictreonach | foilsitheoir = [[IATE]] | dátarochtana = 15-07-2026}}</ref> }} == EU-CyCLONe == '' EU-CyCLONe or '''European Cyber Crisis Liaison Organisation Network''' is a cooperation network for [[European Union]] members to national authorities in charge of cyber crisis management.<ref name=ability /> It was set up as part of the [[NIS 2 Directive]].<ref name=nis2 /> '' It was launched in 2020 and formalised in January 2023.<ref name=cyber-resilience /> The chair rotates with the [[Uachtaránacht ar Chomhairle an Aontais Eorpaigh]].<ref name=cyber-resilience/> '' EU-CyCLONe submits a report assessing its work to the [[Parlaimint na hEorpa]] and [[Comhairle an Aontais Eorpaigh]] every 18 months, starting 17 October 2024.<ref name=cyber-resilience/> == Blue OLEx '' The Blueprint Operational Level Exercise is an annual exercise involving senior cybersecurity officials from EU member states and the [[an Coimisiún Eorpach]], with [[an tAontas Eorpach]] support.<ref name=cyber-resilience/> In 2024 it was hosted in [[an Róimh]] by [[Agenzia per la Cybersicurezza Nazionale]], focused on executive level cooperation, particularly via EU-CyCLONe.<ref name=cyber-resilience/> == Naisc sheachtracha * [https://www.nis-2-directive.com/NIS_2_Directive_Article_14_(Proposal_16.12.2020).html The NIS 2 Directive, The European cyber crises liaison organisation network (EU - CyCLONe)] - Article 14 on EU-CyCLONe * [https://www.nis-2-directive.com/NIS_2_Directive_Article_16.html The NIS 2 Directive, Final Text] - Article 16 on EU-CyCLONe * [https://www.nis-2-directive.com/NIS_2_Directive_Article_17.html The NIS 2 Directive, Final Text] - Article 17, International cooperation == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = <ref name=ability>{{lua idirlín | teideal = EU countries test their ability to cooperate in the event of cyber attacks | url = https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/news/eu-countries-test-their-ability-cooperate-event-cyber-attacks | dáta = 2020-09-29 | dátarochtana = 2025-02-24 | work = [[an Coimisiún Eorpach]]}}</ref> <ref name=nis2>{{lua idirlín | teideal = Europe moves closer to stricter cybersecurity standards, reporting regs | url = https://www.theregister.com/2022/05/17/europe_nis2_cybersecurity_regulations/ | sloinne = Lyons | ainm = Jessica | dáta = 2022-05-17 | dátarochtana = 2025-02-24 | work = [[The Register]]}}</ref> <ref name=cyber-resilience>{{cite news | teideal = EU Ramps Up Cyber Resilience with Major Crisis Simulation Exercise | sloinne = Poireault | ainm = Kevin | dáta = 2024-11-11 | url = https://www.infosecurity-magazine.com/news/eu-cyber-resilience-crisis/ | dátarochtana = 2025-02-24 | work = Infosecurity Magazine}}</ref> }} == Tíreolaíocht == [[Réigiún na Teorann]] === Geografaíocht fhisiceach [[Íomhá:Glencar waterfall01.jpg| thumb | 170px | [[Loch Ghleann an Chairthe|Eas Ghleann an Chairthe]], Liatroim]] '' The region encompasses the entire northwest coast of Ireland along the [[an tAigéan Atlantach]]. Two of Ireland's longest rivers, [[an tSionainn]] and the [[an Éirne]], agus an [[Uiscebhealach na Sionainne is na hÉirne]] eatarthu. Cavan and Monaghan in the east of the region are characterized by a drumlin landscape, with hundreds of loughs interspersed between. [[Loch Aillionn]] in Leitrim is the region's largest lake, at 35 km². '' The west of the region, from [[Teallach Eathach]], County Cavan, to the Atlantic coast is largely rocky and mountainous, with coastal cliffs but also beaches in counties Sligo, Donegal and Leitrim. Leitrim has the smallest coastline of any county, at just 5&nbsp;km in length, while Donegal has the longest, at 1,134&nbsp;km. === Foraoiseacht '' there is a total of 130,345 ha of forest and woodland cover in the Border Region, equating to 11.3% of the region's land area, the national average.<ref name=govagri2017 /> '' Traditionally, the region had a very low cover forest and planting schemes were undertaken by the Department of Agriculture or [[Comhlachtaí státurraithe na hÉireann|comhlachtaí státurraithe]] such as [[Coillte]]. County Leitrim is now Ireland's most forested county at 18.9% forest cover. However, over 50% of Leitrim's forests are in private ownership.<ref name=govagri2006 /> === Aeráid '' Under [[Aicmiú aeráide Köppen]], the region experiences a maritime [[aeráid mheasartha]] [[aeráid aigéanach]], meaning cool winters, mild humid summers, and a lack of temperature extremes. Summer daytime temperatures range between 15°C agus 22°C, rarely going beyond 25°C. While the region generally experiences mild winters, upland areas typically have snow. Humidity is high year round and rainfall ranges from ~1,250&nbsp;mm ([[Marcréidh]], Sligeach) to ~1,000&nbsp;mm ([[Béal Átha hÉis]], Cabhán), evenly distributed throughout the year. <ref name=metclimate /> === Geolaíocht [[Íomhá: Benbulben2.jpg | thumb | 200px | [[Binn Ghulbain]], Contae Shligigh]] '' There are many large mountain ranges and high sea cliffs in the region, such as the [[Sléibhte Dhoire Bheatha]], [[Sliabh Liag]], the [[Binn Chuilceach]] agus [[Binn Ghulbain]]. The region is generally underlain by [[an tOrdaivíseach]] and [[an Siolúrach]] sceallaí agus gréabhacaí, laid down 417-495 million years ago. These are found in eastern Cavan and Monaghan. The bedrock of western Cavan, Leitrim and Sligo is composed mostly of [[carbónmhar]] limestones that were laid roughly 355 million years ago. However, a 1.5 billion year old narrow strip of metamorphosed gneisses extend across Sligo near [[Sliabh Gamh]].<ref name=geocavan /><ref name=geosligo /> '' County Donegal has one of the most complex geologies in Ireland. Much of the county is underlain by [[Réamhchaimbriach]] gneiss, schist and quartzite, laid down during the Grenvillian Orogeny 700 million years ago. The Border Region's highest point, [[An Earagail]], at 751 m, is composed of Precambrian quartzite. '' Ireland's oldest rocks, laid down 1.78 billion years ago, are found on the island of [[Inis Trá Tholl]].<ref name=gsi /> Inis Trá Tholl is Ireland's most northerly island, located approximately 10&nbsp;km north of [[Cionn Mhálanna]], mainland Ireland's most northerly point. '' [[Loch Súilí]] in Donegal is one of Ireland's three fjords. == Buntásc == __NOINDEX__ __NOTOC__ jhb8gmdyia1r8ojaflsqra21pfaiko8 1320699 1320698 2026-07-15T23:16:09Z Marcas.oduinn 33120 /* Údarás um Páirtithe Polaitiúla Eorpacha agus um Fhondúireachtaí Polaitiúla Eorpacha */ 1320699 wikitext text/x-wiki == Ceanntásc == (an t)Údarás um..., (an) G(h)níomhaireacht um... (an) Comhbheartas Talmhaíochta. Cé acu sa teideal? Féach: * [http://www.gaois.ie gaois.ie]. * ''Wikidata list'' [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Wikidata list/Contaetha na hÉireann#Réigiún na hÉireann|Réigiúin na hÉireann]]. === Réigiún === {| class="wikitable" style="width:100%; vertical-align:top;" ! style="width:50%;" | Réigiúin ! style="width:50%;" | Réigiúin NUTS |- | style="text-align:center" | [[Íomhá:IrelandRegions.png | center]] | align=center | [[Íomhá:NUTS3 Boundaries Ireland.png | center]] |- | style="vertical-align:top;" | Réigiúin na hÉireann: * (A) Tuaisceart * (B) Iarthar * (C) Iardheisceart * (D) Oirdheisceart * (E) Oirthear [BÁC] * (F) [[Lár na Tíre (Éire)]] | style="vertical-align:top;" | '''Réigiúin''' NUTS 3 na hÉireann: * [[Réigiún na Teorann|Teorainn]] * [[Réigiún an Iarthair|Iarthar]] * [[Réigiún Lár na Tíre|Lár na Tíre]] * [[Réigiún an Lár-Oirthir|Lár-Oirthear]] * [[Réigiún Bhaile Átha Cliath|Baile Átha Cliath]] * [[Réigiún an Lár-Iarthair|Lár-Iarthar]] * [[Réigiún an Oirdheiscirt|Oirdheisceart]] * [[Réigiún an Iardheiscirt|Iardheisceart]] |} {| |- | [[Íomhá:Newborderregionboundary.png | 80px]]<!--[[Íomhá:Ireland location map Border region.svg | 40px]]--> | [[Íomhá:Ireland location map West region.svg | 80px]] | [[Íomhá:Ireland location map Midlands.svg | 80px]] | [[Íomhá:Mid East Ireland 2018.png | 80px]]<!--[[Íomhá:Ireland location map Mid-East.svg | 40px]]--> | [[Íomhá:Island_of_Ireland_location_map_Dublin.svg | 80px]] | [[Íomhá:Mid-West Region Map Ireland 2018.png | 80px]]<!--[[Íomhá:Mid-West Region Map Ireland 2018.png | 40px]]--> | [[Íomhá:SE Region Ireland 2018.png | 80px]]<!--[[Íomhá:Ireland location map South East.svg | 40px]]--> | [[Íomhá:Ireland location map South West.svg | 80px]] |} === Acrainm === * [[Aicmiú Comhchoiteann na nAonad Críche maidir le Staidreamh|NUTS]] - Acáise * [[Comhordú an Eolais ar an Timpeallacht|CORINE]] - Ceolta * [[CORDIS]] - SeoTaifeach * [[Inter-Active Terminology for Europe|IATE]] - Tighe == Eile == # ''[[:en:Authority for European Political Parties and European Political Foundations|Authority for European Political Parties and European Political Foundations]]'' - [[Údarás um Páirtithe Polaitiúla Eorpacha agus um Fhondúireachtaí Polaitiúla Eorpacha]] (2016) # ''[[:en:Agency for Support for BEREC|Agency for Support for BEREC]]'' - [[Gníomhaireacht Tacaíochta BEREC]] (2009) # ''[[:en:EU-CyCLONe|EU-CyCLONe]]'' - [[EU-CyCLONe]] (2020) == Sábháilteacht == {{short description|European Union civil aviation authority}} {{Redirect|EASA}} {{Use British English|date=March 2013}} {{Use dmy dates|date=July 2022}} {{Infobox government agency | name = European Union Aviation Safety Agency (EASA) | type = | seal = | seal_width = | seal_caption = | logo = EASA Logo.svg | logo_width = | logo_caption = | image = EASA Headquarters - EASA Direktion.jpg | image_size = | image_caption = The offices of the agency in [[Cologne]], Germany | formed = {{Start date|2002|07|12|df=y}} <!-- entry into force of Regulation (EC) No 1592/2002 --> | preceding1 = | dissolved = | superseding1 = | jurisdiction = [[European Union|EU]] and [[European Free Trade Association|EFTA]] members<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.easa.europa.eu/domains/international-cooperation/easa-by-country|title=EASA By Country|website=EASA}}</ref> | headquarters = [[Cologne]], Germany | coordinates = <!-- {{coord|LATITUDE|LONGITUDE|type:landmark_region:US|display=inline,title}} --> | motto = | employees = | budget = | chief1_name = [[Florian Guillermet]] | chief1_position = Executive director | keydocument1 = [https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2018/1139 Regulation (EU) 2018/1139] <!--| keydocument2 = [http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg/2008/216/oj Regulation (EC) No 216/2008] | keydocument3 = [http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg/2002/1592/oj Regulation (EC) No 1592/2002]-->| website = {{url|easa.europa.eu}} | footnotes = | embed = | map = {{Location map many | European Union | width = 250px | label1 = Cologne | caption1 = | position1 = right | coordinates1 = {{coord|50.56|6.57}}}} | map_width = 275 | map_caption = }} The '''European Union Aviation Safety Agency''' ('''EASA''') is an [[Agencies of the European Union|agency]] of the [[European Commission]] with responsibility for civil [[aviation safety]] in the [[European Union]]. It carries out [[Type certificate|certification]], regulation and standardisation and also performs investigation and monitoring.{{r|flor|page=§4.3}} It collects and analyses safety data, drafts and advises on safety legislation and co-ordinates with similar organisations in other parts of the world.{{r|flor|page=§4.3}} The idea of a European-level aviation safety authority goes back to 1996, but the agency was legally established only in 2002; it began its work in 2003.{{r|flor|page=§4.3}} == Comhlacht na Rialálaithe Eorpacha um Chumarsáid Leictreonach == {{WD Bosca Sonraí Eagraíochta}} keydocument1 = [https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/GA/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32018R1971 Rialachán (AE) 2018/1971] '' The '''Comhlacht na Rialálaithe Eorpacha um Chumarsáid Leictreonach'''<ref name=iate /> (Béarla: ''Body of European Regulators for Electronic Communications'' ('''BEREC''')) is the body in which the regulators of the telecommunications markets in the [[an tAontas Eorpach]] work together.<ref name=UIA /> Other participants include representatives of the [[an Coimisiún Eorpach]], as well as telecommunication regulators from the member states of the [[Limistéar Eorpach Eacnamaíoch|LEE]] and of states that are in the process of joining the EU. == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = <ref name=iate>{{lua idirlín | url = https://iate.europa.eu/entry/result/3500516/ga | teideal = Téarma: Comhlacht na Rialálaithe Eorpacha um Chumarsáid Leictreonach | foilsitheoir = [[IATE]] | dátarochtana = 15-07-2026}}</ref> <ref name=UIA>{{lua idirlín | url = https://uia.org/s/or/en/1100015682 | teideal = Body of European Regulators for Electronic Communications (BEREC) | bliain = 2024 | department=UIA Global Civil Society Database | work = uia.org | foilsitheoir = [[Union of International Associations]]}}</ref> }} == Údarás um Páirtithe Polaitiúla Eorpacha agus um Fhondúireachtaí Polaitiúla Eorpacha == {{WD Bosca Sonraí Eagraíochta}} | keydocument1 = [https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2014/1141/oj/eng Rialachán (AE, Euratom) Uimh. 1141/2014] '' An t'''Údarás um Páirtithe Polaitiúla Eorpacha agus um Fhondúireachtaí Polaitiúla Eorpacha'''<ref name=iate /> (Béarla: ''Authority for European Political Parties and European Political Foundations'' ('''APPF''') is a [[Gníomhaireachtaí an Aontais Eorpaigh|body of the European Union]] in charge of registering, controlling and imposing sanctions on [[páirtí polaitiúil Eorpach|páirtithe polaitiúla Eorpacha]] agus [[fondúireacht pholaitiúil Eorpach|fondúireachtaí polaitiúla Eorpacha]]. '' The APPF has offices sa [[an Bhruiséil|Bhruiséil]] agus i [[Strasbourg]]; since 2021, its Director has been Pascal Schonard. == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = <ref name=iate>{{lua idirlín | url = https://iate.europa.eu/entry/result/3644247/ga | teideal = Téarma: ComhlachÚdarás um Páirtithe Polaitiúla Eorpacha agus um Fhondúireachtaí Polaitiúla Eorpachat na Rialálaithe Eorpacha um Chumarsáid Leictreonach | foilsitheoir = [[IATE]] | dátarochtana = 15-07-2026}}</ref> }} {{síol-eu}} {{Gníomhaireachtaí an Aontais Eorpaigh|state=collapsed}} [[Catagóir:Gníomhaireachtaí an Aontais Eorpaigh]] == EU-CyCLONe == '' EU-CyCLONe or '''European Cyber Crisis Liaison Organisation Network''' is a cooperation network for [[European Union]] members to national authorities in charge of cyber crisis management.<ref name=ability /> It was set up as part of the [[NIS 2 Directive]].<ref name=nis2 /> '' It was launched in 2020 and formalised in January 2023.<ref name=cyber-resilience /> The chair rotates with the [[Uachtaránacht ar Chomhairle an Aontais Eorpaigh]].<ref name=cyber-resilience/> '' EU-CyCLONe submits a report assessing its work to the [[Parlaimint na hEorpa]] and [[Comhairle an Aontais Eorpaigh]] every 18 months, starting 17 October 2024.<ref name=cyber-resilience/> == Blue OLEx '' The Blueprint Operational Level Exercise is an annual exercise involving senior cybersecurity officials from EU member states and the [[an Coimisiún Eorpach]], with [[an tAontas Eorpach]] support.<ref name=cyber-resilience/> In 2024 it was hosted in [[an Róimh]] by [[Agenzia per la Cybersicurezza Nazionale]], focused on executive level cooperation, particularly via EU-CyCLONe.<ref name=cyber-resilience/> == Naisc sheachtracha * [https://www.nis-2-directive.com/NIS_2_Directive_Article_14_(Proposal_16.12.2020).html The NIS 2 Directive, The European cyber crises liaison organisation network (EU - CyCLONe)] - Article 14 on EU-CyCLONe * [https://www.nis-2-directive.com/NIS_2_Directive_Article_16.html The NIS 2 Directive, Final Text] - Article 16 on EU-CyCLONe * [https://www.nis-2-directive.com/NIS_2_Directive_Article_17.html The NIS 2 Directive, Final Text] - Article 17, International cooperation == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = <ref name=ability>{{lua idirlín | teideal = EU countries test their ability to cooperate in the event of cyber attacks | url = https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/news/eu-countries-test-their-ability-cooperate-event-cyber-attacks | dáta = 2020-09-29 | dátarochtana = 2025-02-24 | work = [[an Coimisiún Eorpach]]}}</ref> <ref name=nis2>{{lua idirlín | teideal = Europe moves closer to stricter cybersecurity standards, reporting regs | url = https://www.theregister.com/2022/05/17/europe_nis2_cybersecurity_regulations/ | sloinne = Lyons | ainm = Jessica | dáta = 2022-05-17 | dátarochtana = 2025-02-24 | work = [[The Register]]}}</ref> <ref name=cyber-resilience>{{cite news | teideal = EU Ramps Up Cyber Resilience with Major Crisis Simulation Exercise | sloinne = Poireault | ainm = Kevin | dáta = 2024-11-11 | url = https://www.infosecurity-magazine.com/news/eu-cyber-resilience-crisis/ | dátarochtana = 2025-02-24 | work = Infosecurity Magazine}}</ref> }} == Tíreolaíocht == [[Réigiún na Teorann]] === Geografaíocht fhisiceach [[Íomhá:Glencar waterfall01.jpg| thumb | 170px | [[Loch Ghleann an Chairthe|Eas Ghleann an Chairthe]], Liatroim]] '' The region encompasses the entire northwest coast of Ireland along the [[an tAigéan Atlantach]]. Two of Ireland's longest rivers, [[an tSionainn]] and the [[an Éirne]], agus an [[Uiscebhealach na Sionainne is na hÉirne]] eatarthu. Cavan and Monaghan in the east of the region are characterized by a drumlin landscape, with hundreds of loughs interspersed between. [[Loch Aillionn]] in Leitrim is the region's largest lake, at 35 km². '' The west of the region, from [[Teallach Eathach]], County Cavan, to the Atlantic coast is largely rocky and mountainous, with coastal cliffs but also beaches in counties Sligo, Donegal and Leitrim. Leitrim has the smallest coastline of any county, at just 5&nbsp;km in length, while Donegal has the longest, at 1,134&nbsp;km. === Foraoiseacht '' there is a total of 130,345 ha of forest and woodland cover in the Border Region, equating to 11.3% of the region's land area, the national average.<ref name=govagri2017 /> '' Traditionally, the region had a very low cover forest and planting schemes were undertaken by the Department of Agriculture or [[Comhlachtaí státurraithe na hÉireann|comhlachtaí státurraithe]] such as [[Coillte]]. County Leitrim is now Ireland's most forested county at 18.9% forest cover. However, over 50% of Leitrim's forests are in private ownership.<ref name=govagri2006 /> === Aeráid '' Under [[Aicmiú aeráide Köppen]], the region experiences a maritime [[aeráid mheasartha]] [[aeráid aigéanach]], meaning cool winters, mild humid summers, and a lack of temperature extremes. Summer daytime temperatures range between 15°C agus 22°C, rarely going beyond 25°C. While the region generally experiences mild winters, upland areas typically have snow. Humidity is high year round and rainfall ranges from ~1,250&nbsp;mm ([[Marcréidh]], Sligeach) to ~1,000&nbsp;mm ([[Béal Átha hÉis]], Cabhán), evenly distributed throughout the year. <ref name=metclimate /> === Geolaíocht [[Íomhá: Benbulben2.jpg | thumb | 200px | [[Binn Ghulbain]], Contae Shligigh]] '' There are many large mountain ranges and high sea cliffs in the region, such as the [[Sléibhte Dhoire Bheatha]], [[Sliabh Liag]], the [[Binn Chuilceach]] agus [[Binn Ghulbain]]. The region is generally underlain by [[an tOrdaivíseach]] and [[an Siolúrach]] sceallaí agus gréabhacaí, laid down 417-495 million years ago. These are found in eastern Cavan and Monaghan. The bedrock of western Cavan, Leitrim and Sligo is composed mostly of [[carbónmhar]] limestones that were laid roughly 355 million years ago. However, a 1.5 billion year old narrow strip of metamorphosed gneisses extend across Sligo near [[Sliabh Gamh]].<ref name=geocavan /><ref name=geosligo /> '' County Donegal has one of the most complex geologies in Ireland. Much of the county is underlain by [[Réamhchaimbriach]] gneiss, schist and quartzite, laid down during the Grenvillian Orogeny 700 million years ago. The Border Region's highest point, [[An Earagail]], at 751 m, is composed of Precambrian quartzite. '' Ireland's oldest rocks, laid down 1.78 billion years ago, are found on the island of [[Inis Trá Tholl]].<ref name=gsi /> Inis Trá Tholl is Ireland's most northerly island, located approximately 10&nbsp;km north of [[Cionn Mhálanna]], mainland Ireland's most northerly point. '' [[Loch Súilí]] in Donegal is one of Ireland's three fjords. == Buntásc == __NOINDEX__ __NOTOC__ ijh8w2ehrgrgtvok8gbuw0vzb2sg2ez 1320711 1320699 2026-07-16T06:50:50Z Marcas.oduinn 33120 /* Gníomhaireacht Sábháilteachta Eitlíochta an Aontais Eorpaigh */ 1320711 wikitext text/x-wiki == Ceanntásc == (an t)Údarás um..., (an) G(h)níomhaireacht um... (an) Comhbheartas Talmhaíochta. Cé acu sa teideal? Féach: * [http://www.gaois.ie gaois.ie]. * ''Wikidata list'' [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Wikidata list/Contaetha na hÉireann#Réigiún na hÉireann|Réigiúin na hÉireann]]. === Réigiún === {| class="wikitable" style="width:100%; vertical-align:top;" ! style="width:50%;" | Réigiúin ! style="width:50%;" | Réigiúin NUTS |- | style="text-align:center" | [[Íomhá:IrelandRegions.png | center]] | align=center | [[Íomhá:NUTS3 Boundaries Ireland.png | center]] |- | style="vertical-align:top;" | Réigiúin na hÉireann: * (A) Tuaisceart * (B) Iarthar * (C) Iardheisceart * (D) Oirdheisceart * (E) Oirthear [BÁC] * (F) [[Lár na Tíre (Éire)]] | style="vertical-align:top;" | '''Réigiúin''' NUTS 3 na hÉireann: * [[Réigiún na Teorann|Teorainn]] * [[Réigiún an Iarthair|Iarthar]] * [[Réigiún Lár na Tíre|Lár na Tíre]] * [[Réigiún an Lár-Oirthir|Lár-Oirthear]] * [[Réigiún Bhaile Átha Cliath|Baile Átha Cliath]] * [[Réigiún an Lár-Iarthair|Lár-Iarthar]] * [[Réigiún an Oirdheiscirt|Oirdheisceart]] * [[Réigiún an Iardheiscirt|Iardheisceart]] |} {| |- | [[Íomhá:Newborderregionboundary.png | 80px]]<!--[[Íomhá:Ireland location map Border region.svg | 40px]]--> | [[Íomhá:Ireland location map West region.svg | 80px]] | [[Íomhá:Ireland location map Midlands.svg | 80px]] | [[Íomhá:Mid East Ireland 2018.png | 80px]]<!--[[Íomhá:Ireland location map Mid-East.svg | 40px]]--> | [[Íomhá:Island_of_Ireland_location_map_Dublin.svg | 80px]] | [[Íomhá:Mid-West Region Map Ireland 2018.png | 80px]]<!--[[Íomhá:Mid-West Region Map Ireland 2018.png | 40px]]--> | [[Íomhá:SE Region Ireland 2018.png | 80px]]<!--[[Íomhá:Ireland location map South East.svg | 40px]]--> | [[Íomhá:Ireland location map South West.svg | 80px]] |} === Acrainm === * [[Aicmiú Comhchoiteann na nAonad Críche maidir le Staidreamh|NUTS]] - Acáise * [[Comhordú an Eolais ar an Timpeallacht|CORINE]] - Ceolta * [[CORDIS]] - SeoTaifeach * [[Inter-Active Terminology for Europe|IATE]] - Tighe == Eile == # ''[[:en:Authority for European Political Parties and European Political Foundations|Authority for European Political Parties and European Political Foundations]]'' - [[Údarás um Páirtithe Polaitiúla Eorpacha agus um Fhondúireachtaí Polaitiúla Eorpacha]] (2016) # ''[[:en:Agency for Support for BEREC|Agency for Support for BEREC]]'' - [[Gníomhaireacht Tacaíochta BEREC]] (2009) # ''[[:en:EU-CyCLONe|EU-CyCLONe]]'' - [[EU-CyCLONe]] (2020) == Gníomhaireacht Sábháilteachta Eitlíochta an Aontais Eorpaigh == | keydocument1 = [https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/GA/TXT/?uri=CELEX:02018R1139-20250525 Rialachán (AE) 2018/1139] ''The '''Gníomhaireacht Sábháilteachta Eitlíochta an Aontais Eorpaigh'''<ref name=iate /> (Béarla: ''European Union Aviation Safety Agency'' ('''EASA''') is an [[Gníomhaireachtaí an Aontais Eorpaigh|agency]] of the [[an Coimisiún Eorpach]] with responsibility for civil [[aviation safety]] in the [[Aontas Eorpach]]. It carries out [[Type certificate|certification]], regulation and standardisation and also performs investigation and monitoring.{{r|flor|page=§4.3}} It collects and analyses safety data, drafts and advises on safety legislation and co-ordinates with similar organisations in other parts of the world.{{r|flor|page=§4.3}} ''The idea of a European-level aviation safety authority goes back to 1996, but the agency was legally established only in 2002; it began its work in 2003.{{r|flor|page=§4.3}} == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = <ref name=iate>{{lua idirlín | url = https://iate.europa.eu/entry/result/3569070/ga | teideal = Téarma: Gníomhaireacht Sábháilteachta Eitlíochta an Aontais Eorpaigh | foilsitheoir = [[IATE]] | dátarochtana = 16-07-2026}}</ref> }} == Comhlacht na Rialálaithe Eorpacha um Chumarsáid Leictreonach == {{WD Bosca Sonraí Eagraíochta}} keydocument1 = [https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/GA/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32018R1971 Rialachán (AE) 2018/1971] '' The '''Comhlacht na Rialálaithe Eorpacha um Chumarsáid Leictreonach'''<ref name=iate /> (Béarla: ''Body of European Regulators for Electronic Communications'' ('''BEREC''')) is the body in which the regulators of the telecommunications markets in the [[an tAontas Eorpach]] work together.<ref name=UIA /> Other participants include representatives of the [[an Coimisiún Eorpach]], as well as telecommunication regulators from the member states of the [[Limistéar Eorpach Eacnamaíoch|LEE]] and of states that are in the process of joining the EU. == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = <ref name=iate>{{lua idirlín | url = https://iate.europa.eu/entry/result/3500516/ga | teideal = Téarma: Comhlacht na Rialálaithe Eorpacha um Chumarsáid Leictreonach | foilsitheoir = [[IATE]] | dátarochtana = 15-07-2026}}</ref> <ref name=UIA>{{lua idirlín | url = https://uia.org/s/or/en/1100015682 | teideal = Body of European Regulators for Electronic Communications (BEREC) | bliain = 2024 | department=UIA Global Civil Society Database | work = uia.org | foilsitheoir = [[Union of International Associations]]}}</ref> }} == Údarás um Páirtithe Polaitiúla Eorpacha agus um Fhondúireachtaí Polaitiúla Eorpacha == {{WD Bosca Sonraí Eagraíochta}} | keydocument1 = [https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2014/1141/oj/eng Rialachán (AE, Euratom) Uimh. 1141/2014] '' An t'''Údarás um Páirtithe Polaitiúla Eorpacha agus um Fhondúireachtaí Polaitiúla Eorpacha'''<ref name=iate /> (Béarla: ''Authority for European Political Parties and European Political Foundations'' ('''APPF''') is a [[Gníomhaireachtaí an Aontais Eorpaigh|body of the European Union]] in charge of registering, controlling and imposing sanctions on [[páirtí polaitiúil Eorpach|páirtithe polaitiúla Eorpacha]] agus [[fondúireacht pholaitiúil Eorpach|fondúireachtaí polaitiúla Eorpacha]]. '' The APPF has offices sa [[an Bhruiséil|Bhruiséil]] agus i [[Strasbourg]]; since 2021, its Director has been Pascal Schonard. == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = <ref name=iate>{{lua idirlín | url = https://iate.europa.eu/entry/result/3644247/ga | teideal = Téarma: ComhlachÚdarás um Páirtithe Polaitiúla Eorpacha agus um Fhondúireachtaí Polaitiúla Eorpachat na Rialálaithe Eorpacha um Chumarsáid Leictreonach | foilsitheoir = [[IATE]] | dátarochtana = 15-07-2026}}</ref> }} {{síol-eu}} {{Gníomhaireachtaí an Aontais Eorpaigh|state=collapsed}} [[Catagóir:Gníomhaireachtaí an Aontais Eorpaigh]] == EU-CyCLONe == '' EU-CyCLONe or '''European Cyber Crisis Liaison Organisation Network''' is a cooperation network for [[European Union]] members to national authorities in charge of cyber crisis management.<ref name=ability /> It was set up as part of the [[NIS 2 Directive]].<ref name=nis2 /> '' It was launched in 2020 and formalised in January 2023.<ref name=cyber-resilience /> The chair rotates with the [[Uachtaránacht ar Chomhairle an Aontais Eorpaigh]].<ref name=cyber-resilience/> '' EU-CyCLONe submits a report assessing its work to the [[Parlaimint na hEorpa]] and [[Comhairle an Aontais Eorpaigh]] every 18 months, starting 17 October 2024.<ref name=cyber-resilience/> == Blue OLEx '' The Blueprint Operational Level Exercise is an annual exercise involving senior cybersecurity officials from EU member states and the [[an Coimisiún Eorpach]], with [[an tAontas Eorpach]] support.<ref name=cyber-resilience/> In 2024 it was hosted in [[an Róimh]] by [[Agenzia per la Cybersicurezza Nazionale]], focused on executive level cooperation, particularly via EU-CyCLONe.<ref name=cyber-resilience/> == Naisc sheachtracha * [https://www.nis-2-directive.com/NIS_2_Directive_Article_14_(Proposal_16.12.2020).html The NIS 2 Directive, The European cyber crises liaison organisation network (EU - CyCLONe)] - Article 14 on EU-CyCLONe * [https://www.nis-2-directive.com/NIS_2_Directive_Article_16.html The NIS 2 Directive, Final Text] - Article 16 on EU-CyCLONe * [https://www.nis-2-directive.com/NIS_2_Directive_Article_17.html The NIS 2 Directive, Final Text] - Article 17, International cooperation == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = <ref name=ability>{{lua idirlín | teideal = EU countries test their ability to cooperate in the event of cyber attacks | url = https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/news/eu-countries-test-their-ability-cooperate-event-cyber-attacks | dáta = 2020-09-29 | dátarochtana = 2025-02-24 | work = [[an Coimisiún Eorpach]]}}</ref> <ref name=nis2>{{lua idirlín | teideal = Europe moves closer to stricter cybersecurity standards, reporting regs | url = https://www.theregister.com/2022/05/17/europe_nis2_cybersecurity_regulations/ | sloinne = Lyons | ainm = Jessica | dáta = 2022-05-17 | dátarochtana = 2025-02-24 | work = [[The Register]]}}</ref> <ref name=cyber-resilience>{{cite news | teideal = EU Ramps Up Cyber Resilience with Major Crisis Simulation Exercise | sloinne = Poireault | ainm = Kevin | dáta = 2024-11-11 | url = https://www.infosecurity-magazine.com/news/eu-cyber-resilience-crisis/ | dátarochtana = 2025-02-24 | work = Infosecurity Magazine}}</ref> }} == Tíreolaíocht == [[Réigiún na Teorann]] === Geografaíocht fhisiceach [[Íomhá:Glencar waterfall01.jpg| thumb | 170px | [[Loch Ghleann an Chairthe|Eas Ghleann an Chairthe]], Liatroim]] '' The region encompasses the entire northwest coast of Ireland along the [[an tAigéan Atlantach]]. Two of Ireland's longest rivers, [[an tSionainn]] and the [[an Éirne]], agus an [[Uiscebhealach na Sionainne is na hÉirne]] eatarthu. Cavan and Monaghan in the east of the region are characterized by a drumlin landscape, with hundreds of loughs interspersed between. [[Loch Aillionn]] in Leitrim is the region's largest lake, at 35 km². '' The west of the region, from [[Teallach Eathach]], County Cavan, to the Atlantic coast is largely rocky and mountainous, with coastal cliffs but also beaches in counties Sligo, Donegal and Leitrim. Leitrim has the smallest coastline of any county, at just 5&nbsp;km in length, while Donegal has the longest, at 1,134&nbsp;km. === Foraoiseacht '' there is a total of 130,345 ha of forest and woodland cover in the Border Region, equating to 11.3% of the region's land area, the national average.<ref name=govagri2017 /> '' Traditionally, the region had a very low cover forest and planting schemes were undertaken by the Department of Agriculture or [[Comhlachtaí státurraithe na hÉireann|comhlachtaí státurraithe]] such as [[Coillte]]. County Leitrim is now Ireland's most forested county at 18.9% forest cover. However, over 50% of Leitrim's forests are in private ownership.<ref name=govagri2006 /> === Aeráid '' Under [[Aicmiú aeráide Köppen]], the region experiences a maritime [[aeráid mheasartha]] [[aeráid aigéanach]], meaning cool winters, mild humid summers, and a lack of temperature extremes. Summer daytime temperatures range between 15°C agus 22°C, rarely going beyond 25°C. While the region generally experiences mild winters, upland areas typically have snow. Humidity is high year round and rainfall ranges from ~1,250&nbsp;mm ([[Marcréidh]], Sligeach) to ~1,000&nbsp;mm ([[Béal Átha hÉis]], Cabhán), evenly distributed throughout the year. <ref name=metclimate /> === Geolaíocht [[Íomhá: Benbulben2.jpg | thumb | 200px | [[Binn Ghulbain]], Contae Shligigh]] '' There are many large mountain ranges and high sea cliffs in the region, such as the [[Sléibhte Dhoire Bheatha]], [[Sliabh Liag]], the [[Binn Chuilceach]] agus [[Binn Ghulbain]]. The region is generally underlain by [[an tOrdaivíseach]] and [[an Siolúrach]] sceallaí agus gréabhacaí, laid down 417-495 million years ago. These are found in eastern Cavan and Monaghan. The bedrock of western Cavan, Leitrim and Sligo is composed mostly of [[carbónmhar]] limestones that were laid roughly 355 million years ago. However, a 1.5 billion year old narrow strip of metamorphosed gneisses extend across Sligo near [[Sliabh Gamh]].<ref name=geocavan /><ref name=geosligo /> '' County Donegal has one of the most complex geologies in Ireland. Much of the county is underlain by [[Réamhchaimbriach]] gneiss, schist and quartzite, laid down during the Grenvillian Orogeny 700 million years ago. The Border Region's highest point, [[An Earagail]], at 751 m, is composed of Precambrian quartzite. '' Ireland's oldest rocks, laid down 1.78 billion years ago, are found on the island of [[Inis Trá Tholl]].<ref name=gsi /> Inis Trá Tholl is Ireland's most northerly island, located approximately 10&nbsp;km north of [[Cionn Mhálanna]], mainland Ireland's most northerly point. '' [[Loch Súilí]] in Donegal is one of Ireland's three fjords. == Buntásc == __NOINDEX__ __NOTOC__ cilwj1plbjmxrul312rtkt2hxb62vgp 1320712 1320711 2026-07-16T06:59:27Z Marcas.oduinn 33120 /* Gníomhaireacht Sábháilteachta Eitlíochta an Aontais Eorpaigh */ 1320712 wikitext text/x-wiki == Ceanntásc == (an t)Údarás um..., (an) G(h)níomhaireacht um... (an) Comhbheartas Talmhaíochta. Cé acu sa teideal? Féach: * [http://www.gaois.ie gaois.ie]. * ''Wikidata list'' [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Wikidata list/Contaetha na hÉireann#Réigiún na hÉireann|Réigiúin na hÉireann]]. === Réigiún === {| class="wikitable" style="width:100%; vertical-align:top;" ! style="width:50%;" | Réigiúin ! style="width:50%;" | Réigiúin NUTS |- | style="text-align:center" | [[Íomhá:IrelandRegions.png | center]] | align=center | [[Íomhá:NUTS3 Boundaries Ireland.png | center]] |- | style="vertical-align:top;" | Réigiúin na hÉireann: * (A) Tuaisceart * (B) Iarthar * (C) Iardheisceart * (D) Oirdheisceart * (E) Oirthear [BÁC] * (F) [[Lár na Tíre (Éire)]] | style="vertical-align:top;" | '''Réigiúin''' NUTS 3 na hÉireann: * [[Réigiún na Teorann|Teorainn]] * [[Réigiún an Iarthair|Iarthar]] * [[Réigiún Lár na Tíre|Lár na Tíre]] * [[Réigiún an Lár-Oirthir|Lár-Oirthear]] * [[Réigiún Bhaile Átha Cliath|Baile Átha Cliath]] * [[Réigiún an Lár-Iarthair|Lár-Iarthar]] * [[Réigiún an Oirdheiscirt|Oirdheisceart]] * [[Réigiún an Iardheiscirt|Iardheisceart]] |} {| |- | [[Íomhá:Newborderregionboundary.png | 80px]]<!--[[Íomhá:Ireland location map Border region.svg | 40px]]--> | [[Íomhá:Ireland location map West region.svg | 80px]] | [[Íomhá:Ireland location map Midlands.svg | 80px]] | [[Íomhá:Mid East Ireland 2018.png | 80px]]<!--[[Íomhá:Ireland location map Mid-East.svg | 40px]]--> | [[Íomhá:Island_of_Ireland_location_map_Dublin.svg | 80px]] | [[Íomhá:Mid-West Region Map Ireland 2018.png | 80px]]<!--[[Íomhá:Mid-West Region Map Ireland 2018.png | 40px]]--> | [[Íomhá:SE Region Ireland 2018.png | 80px]]<!--[[Íomhá:Ireland location map South East.svg | 40px]]--> | [[Íomhá:Ireland location map South West.svg | 80px]] |} === Acrainm === * [[Aicmiú Comhchoiteann na nAonad Críche maidir le Staidreamh|NUTS]] - Acáise * [[Comhordú an Eolais ar an Timpeallacht|CORINE]] - Ceolta * [[CORDIS]] - SeoTaifeach * [[Inter-Active Terminology for Europe|IATE]] - Tighe == Eile == # ''[[:en:Authority for European Political Parties and European Political Foundations|Authority for European Political Parties and European Political Foundations]]'' - [[Údarás um Páirtithe Polaitiúla Eorpacha agus um Fhondúireachtaí Polaitiúla Eorpacha]] (2016) # ''[[:en:Agency for Support for BEREC|Agency for Support for BEREC]]'' - [[Gníomhaireacht Tacaíochta BEREC]] (2009) # ''[[:en:EU-CyCLONe|EU-CyCLONe]]'' - [[EU-CyCLONe]] (2020) == Gníomhaireacht Sábháilteachta Eitlíochta an Aontais Eorpaigh == | keydocument1 = [https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/GA/TXT/?uri=CELEX:02018R1139-20250525 Rialachán (AE) 2018/1139] ''The '''Gníomhaireacht Sábháilteachta Eitlíochta an Aontais Eorpaigh'''<ref name=iate /> (Béarla: ''European Union Aviation Safety Agency'' ('''EASA''') is an [[Gníomhaireachtaí an Aontais Eorpaigh|agency]] of the [[an Coimisiún Eorpach]] with responsibility for civil [[aviation safety]] in the [[Aontas Eorpach]]. It carries out [[Type certificate|certification]], regulation and standardisation and also performs investigation and monitoring.<ref name=flor />{{rp|§4.3}} It collects and analyses safety data, drafts and advises on safety legislation and co-ordinates with similar organisations in other parts of the world.<ref name=flor />{{rp|§4.3}} ''The idea of a European-level aviation safety authority goes back to 1996, but the agency was legally established only in 2002; it began its work in 2003.<ref name=flor />{{rp|§4.3}} == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = <ref name=iate>{{lua idirlín | url = https://iate.europa.eu/entry/result/3569070/ga | teideal = Téarma: Gníomhaireacht Sábháilteachta Eitlíochta an Aontais Eorpaigh | foilsitheoir = [[IATE]] | dátarochtana = 16-07-2026}}</ref> <ref name=flor>Florin Coman-Kund (2018). [https://pure.eur.nl/en/publications/european-union-agencies-as-global-actors-a-legal-study-of-the-eur/ ''European Union Agencies as Global Actors: A Legal Study of the European Aviation Safety Agency, Frontex and Europol'']. Abingdon, Oxfordshire; New York, New York: Routledge. {{ISBN|9781138293045}}.</ref> }} == Comhlacht na Rialálaithe Eorpacha um Chumarsáid Leictreonach == {{WD Bosca Sonraí Eagraíochta}} keydocument1 = [https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/GA/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32018R1971 Rialachán (AE) 2018/1971] '' The '''Comhlacht na Rialálaithe Eorpacha um Chumarsáid Leictreonach'''<ref name=iate /> (Béarla: ''Body of European Regulators for Electronic Communications'' ('''BEREC''')) is the body in which the regulators of the telecommunications markets in the [[an tAontas Eorpach]] work together.<ref name=UIA /> Other participants include representatives of the [[an Coimisiún Eorpach]], as well as telecommunication regulators from the member states of the [[Limistéar Eorpach Eacnamaíoch|LEE]] and of states that are in the process of joining the EU. == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = <ref name=iate>{{lua idirlín | url = https://iate.europa.eu/entry/result/3500516/ga | teideal = Téarma: Comhlacht na Rialálaithe Eorpacha um Chumarsáid Leictreonach | foilsitheoir = [[IATE]] | dátarochtana = 15-07-2026}}</ref> <ref name=UIA>{{lua idirlín | url = https://uia.org/s/or/en/1100015682 | teideal = Body of European Regulators for Electronic Communications (BEREC) | bliain = 2024 | department=UIA Global Civil Society Database | work = uia.org | foilsitheoir = [[Union of International Associations]]}}</ref> }} == Údarás um Páirtithe Polaitiúla Eorpacha agus um Fhondúireachtaí Polaitiúla Eorpacha == {{WD Bosca Sonraí Eagraíochta}} | keydocument1 = [https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2014/1141/oj/eng Rialachán (AE, Euratom) Uimh. 1141/2014] '' An t'''Údarás um Páirtithe Polaitiúla Eorpacha agus um Fhondúireachtaí Polaitiúla Eorpacha'''<ref name=iate /> (Béarla: ''Authority for European Political Parties and European Political Foundations'' ('''APPF''') is a [[Gníomhaireachtaí an Aontais Eorpaigh|body of the European Union]] in charge of registering, controlling and imposing sanctions on [[páirtí polaitiúil Eorpach|páirtithe polaitiúla Eorpacha]] agus [[fondúireacht pholaitiúil Eorpach|fondúireachtaí polaitiúla Eorpacha]]. '' The APPF has offices sa [[an Bhruiséil|Bhruiséil]] agus i [[Strasbourg]]; since 2021, its Director has been Pascal Schonard. == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = <ref name=iate>{{lua idirlín | url = https://iate.europa.eu/entry/result/3644247/ga | teideal = Téarma: ComhlachÚdarás um Páirtithe Polaitiúla Eorpacha agus um Fhondúireachtaí Polaitiúla Eorpachat na Rialálaithe Eorpacha um Chumarsáid Leictreonach | foilsitheoir = [[IATE]] | dátarochtana = 15-07-2026}}</ref> }} {{síol-eu}} {{Gníomhaireachtaí an Aontais Eorpaigh|state=collapsed}} [[Catagóir:Gníomhaireachtaí an Aontais Eorpaigh]] == EU-CyCLONe == '' EU-CyCLONe or '''European Cyber Crisis Liaison Organisation Network''' is a cooperation network for [[European Union]] members to national authorities in charge of cyber crisis management.<ref name=ability /> It was set up as part of the [[NIS 2 Directive]].<ref name=nis2 /> '' It was launched in 2020 and formalised in January 2023.<ref name=cyber-resilience /> The chair rotates with the [[Uachtaránacht ar Chomhairle an Aontais Eorpaigh]].<ref name=cyber-resilience/> '' EU-CyCLONe submits a report assessing its work to the [[Parlaimint na hEorpa]] and [[Comhairle an Aontais Eorpaigh]] every 18 months, starting 17 October 2024.<ref name=cyber-resilience/> == Blue OLEx '' The Blueprint Operational Level Exercise is an annual exercise involving senior cybersecurity officials from EU member states and the [[an Coimisiún Eorpach]], with [[an tAontas Eorpach]] support.<ref name=cyber-resilience/> In 2024 it was hosted in [[an Róimh]] by [[Agenzia per la Cybersicurezza Nazionale]], focused on executive level cooperation, particularly via EU-CyCLONe.<ref name=cyber-resilience/> == Naisc sheachtracha * [https://www.nis-2-directive.com/NIS_2_Directive_Article_14_(Proposal_16.12.2020).html The NIS 2 Directive, The European cyber crises liaison organisation network (EU - CyCLONe)] - Article 14 on EU-CyCLONe * [https://www.nis-2-directive.com/NIS_2_Directive_Article_16.html The NIS 2 Directive, Final Text] - Article 16 on EU-CyCLONe * [https://www.nis-2-directive.com/NIS_2_Directive_Article_17.html The NIS 2 Directive, Final Text] - Article 17, International cooperation == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = <ref name=ability>{{lua idirlín | teideal = EU countries test their ability to cooperate in the event of cyber attacks | url = https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/news/eu-countries-test-their-ability-cooperate-event-cyber-attacks | dáta = 2020-09-29 | dátarochtana = 2025-02-24 | work = [[an Coimisiún Eorpach]]}}</ref> <ref name=nis2>{{lua idirlín | teideal = Europe moves closer to stricter cybersecurity standards, reporting regs | url = https://www.theregister.com/2022/05/17/europe_nis2_cybersecurity_regulations/ | sloinne = Lyons | ainm = Jessica | dáta = 2022-05-17 | dátarochtana = 2025-02-24 | work = [[The Register]]}}</ref> <ref name=cyber-resilience>{{cite news | teideal = EU Ramps Up Cyber Resilience with Major Crisis Simulation Exercise | sloinne = Poireault | ainm = Kevin | dáta = 2024-11-11 | url = https://www.infosecurity-magazine.com/news/eu-cyber-resilience-crisis/ | dátarochtana = 2025-02-24 | work = Infosecurity Magazine}}</ref> }} == Tíreolaíocht == [[Réigiún na Teorann]] === Geografaíocht fhisiceach [[Íomhá:Glencar waterfall01.jpg| thumb | 170px | [[Loch Ghleann an Chairthe|Eas Ghleann an Chairthe]], Liatroim]] '' The region encompasses the entire northwest coast of Ireland along the [[an tAigéan Atlantach]]. Two of Ireland's longest rivers, [[an tSionainn]] and the [[an Éirne]], agus an [[Uiscebhealach na Sionainne is na hÉirne]] eatarthu. Cavan and Monaghan in the east of the region are characterized by a drumlin landscape, with hundreds of loughs interspersed between. [[Loch Aillionn]] in Leitrim is the region's largest lake, at 35 km². '' The west of the region, from [[Teallach Eathach]], County Cavan, to the Atlantic coast is largely rocky and mountainous, with coastal cliffs but also beaches in counties Sligo, Donegal and Leitrim. Leitrim has the smallest coastline of any county, at just 5&nbsp;km in length, while Donegal has the longest, at 1,134&nbsp;km. === Foraoiseacht '' there is a total of 130,345 ha of forest and woodland cover in the Border Region, equating to 11.3% of the region's land area, the national average.<ref name=govagri2017 /> '' Traditionally, the region had a very low cover forest and planting schemes were undertaken by the Department of Agriculture or [[Comhlachtaí státurraithe na hÉireann|comhlachtaí státurraithe]] such as [[Coillte]]. County Leitrim is now Ireland's most forested county at 18.9% forest cover. However, over 50% of Leitrim's forests are in private ownership.<ref name=govagri2006 /> === Aeráid '' Under [[Aicmiú aeráide Köppen]], the region experiences a maritime [[aeráid mheasartha]] [[aeráid aigéanach]], meaning cool winters, mild humid summers, and a lack of temperature extremes. Summer daytime temperatures range between 15°C agus 22°C, rarely going beyond 25°C. While the region generally experiences mild winters, upland areas typically have snow. Humidity is high year round and rainfall ranges from ~1,250&nbsp;mm ([[Marcréidh]], Sligeach) to ~1,000&nbsp;mm ([[Béal Átha hÉis]], Cabhán), evenly distributed throughout the year. <ref name=metclimate /> === Geolaíocht [[Íomhá: Benbulben2.jpg | thumb | 200px | [[Binn Ghulbain]], Contae Shligigh]] '' There are many large mountain ranges and high sea cliffs in the region, such as the [[Sléibhte Dhoire Bheatha]], [[Sliabh Liag]], the [[Binn Chuilceach]] agus [[Binn Ghulbain]]. The region is generally underlain by [[an tOrdaivíseach]] and [[an Siolúrach]] sceallaí agus gréabhacaí, laid down 417-495 million years ago. These are found in eastern Cavan and Monaghan. The bedrock of western Cavan, Leitrim and Sligo is composed mostly of [[carbónmhar]] limestones that were laid roughly 355 million years ago. However, a 1.5 billion year old narrow strip of metamorphosed gneisses extend across Sligo near [[Sliabh Gamh]].<ref name=geocavan /><ref name=geosligo /> '' County Donegal has one of the most complex geologies in Ireland. Much of the county is underlain by [[Réamhchaimbriach]] gneiss, schist and quartzite, laid down during the Grenvillian Orogeny 700 million years ago. The Border Region's highest point, [[An Earagail]], at 751 m, is composed of Precambrian quartzite. '' Ireland's oldest rocks, laid down 1.78 billion years ago, are found on the island of [[Inis Trá Tholl]].<ref name=gsi /> Inis Trá Tholl is Ireland's most northerly island, located approximately 10&nbsp;km north of [[Cionn Mhálanna]], mainland Ireland's most northerly point. '' [[Loch Súilí]] in Donegal is one of Ireland's three fjords. == Buntásc == __NOINDEX__ __NOTOC__ kzk7ga5adsmyxln364mcevig19s2mh8 1320713 1320712 2026-07-16T07:00:38Z Marcas.oduinn 33120 /* Eile */ 1320713 wikitext text/x-wiki == Ceanntásc == (an t)Údarás um..., (an) G(h)níomhaireacht um... (an) Comhbheartas Talmhaíochta. Cé acu sa teideal? Féach: * [http://www.gaois.ie gaois.ie]. * ''Wikidata list'' [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Wikidata list/Contaetha na hÉireann#Réigiún na hÉireann|Réigiúin na hÉireann]]. === Réigiún === {| class="wikitable" style="width:100%; vertical-align:top;" ! style="width:50%;" | Réigiúin ! style="width:50%;" | Réigiúin NUTS |- | style="text-align:center" | [[Íomhá:IrelandRegions.png | center]] | align=center | [[Íomhá:NUTS3 Boundaries Ireland.png | center]] |- | style="vertical-align:top;" | Réigiúin na hÉireann: * (A) Tuaisceart * (B) Iarthar * (C) Iardheisceart * (D) Oirdheisceart * (E) Oirthear [BÁC] * (F) [[Lár na Tíre (Éire)]] | style="vertical-align:top;" | '''Réigiúin''' NUTS 3 na hÉireann: * [[Réigiún na Teorann|Teorainn]] * [[Réigiún an Iarthair|Iarthar]] * [[Réigiún Lár na Tíre|Lár na Tíre]] * [[Réigiún an Lár-Oirthir|Lár-Oirthear]] * [[Réigiún Bhaile Átha Cliath|Baile Átha Cliath]] * [[Réigiún an Lár-Iarthair|Lár-Iarthar]] * [[Réigiún an Oirdheiscirt|Oirdheisceart]] * [[Réigiún an Iardheiscirt|Iardheisceart]] |} {| |- | [[Íomhá:Newborderregionboundary.png | 80px]]<!--[[Íomhá:Ireland location map Border region.svg | 40px]]--> | [[Íomhá:Ireland location map West region.svg | 80px]] | [[Íomhá:Ireland location map Midlands.svg | 80px]] | [[Íomhá:Mid East Ireland 2018.png | 80px]]<!--[[Íomhá:Ireland location map Mid-East.svg | 40px]]--> | [[Íomhá:Island_of_Ireland_location_map_Dublin.svg | 80px]] | [[Íomhá:Mid-West Region Map Ireland 2018.png | 80px]]<!--[[Íomhá:Mid-West Region Map Ireland 2018.png | 40px]]--> | [[Íomhá:SE Region Ireland 2018.png | 80px]]<!--[[Íomhá:Ireland location map South East.svg | 40px]]--> | [[Íomhá:Ireland location map South West.svg | 80px]] |} === Acrainm === * [[Aicmiú Comhchoiteann na nAonad Críche maidir le Staidreamh|NUTS]] - Acáise * [[Comhordú an Eolais ar an Timpeallacht|CORINE]] - Ceolta * [[CORDIS]] - SeoTaifeach * [[Inter-Active Terminology for Europe|IATE]] - Tighe == Eile == # [[Comhlacht na Rialálaithe Eorpacha um Chumarsáid Leictreonach]] # # ''[[:en:Authority for European Political Parties and European Political Foundations|Authority for European Political Parties and European Political Foundations]]'' - [[Údarás um Páirtithe Polaitiúla Eorpacha agus um Fhondúireachtaí Polaitiúla Eorpacha]] (2016) # ''[[:en:Agency for Support for BEREC|Agency for Support for BEREC]]'' - [[Gníomhaireacht Tacaíochta BEREC]] (2009) # ''[[:en:EU-CyCLONe|EU-CyCLONe]]'' - [[EU-CyCLONe]] (2020) == Gníomhaireacht Sábháilteachta Eitlíochta an Aontais Eorpaigh == | keydocument1 = [https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/GA/TXT/?uri=CELEX:02018R1139-20250525 Rialachán (AE) 2018/1139] ''The '''Gníomhaireacht Sábháilteachta Eitlíochta an Aontais Eorpaigh'''<ref name=iate /> (Béarla: ''European Union Aviation Safety Agency'' ('''EASA''') is an [[Gníomhaireachtaí an Aontais Eorpaigh|agency]] of the [[an Coimisiún Eorpach]] with responsibility for civil [[aviation safety]] in the [[Aontas Eorpach]]. It carries out [[Type certificate|certification]], regulation and standardisation and also performs investigation and monitoring.<ref name=flor />{{rp|§4.3}} It collects and analyses safety data, drafts and advises on safety legislation and co-ordinates with similar organisations in other parts of the world.<ref name=flor />{{rp|§4.3}} ''The idea of a European-level aviation safety authority goes back to 1996, but the agency was legally established only in 2002; it began its work in 2003.<ref name=flor />{{rp|§4.3}} == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = <ref name=iate>{{lua idirlín | url = https://iate.europa.eu/entry/result/3569070/ga | teideal = Téarma: Gníomhaireacht Sábháilteachta Eitlíochta an Aontais Eorpaigh | foilsitheoir = [[IATE]] | dátarochtana = 16-07-2026}}</ref> <ref name=flor>Florin Coman-Kund (2018). [https://pure.eur.nl/en/publications/european-union-agencies-as-global-actors-a-legal-study-of-the-eur/ ''European Union Agencies as Global Actors: A Legal Study of the European Aviation Safety Agency, Frontex and Europol'']. Abingdon, Oxfordshire; New York, New York: Routledge. {{ISBN|9781138293045}}.</ref> }} == Comhlacht na Rialálaithe Eorpacha um Chumarsáid Leictreonach == {{WD Bosca Sonraí Eagraíochta}} keydocument1 = [https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/GA/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32018R1971 Rialachán (AE) 2018/1971] '' The '''Comhlacht na Rialálaithe Eorpacha um Chumarsáid Leictreonach'''<ref name=iate /> (Béarla: ''Body of European Regulators for Electronic Communications'' ('''BEREC''')) is the body in which the regulators of the telecommunications markets in the [[an tAontas Eorpach]] work together.<ref name=UIA /> Other participants include representatives of the [[an Coimisiún Eorpach]], as well as telecommunication regulators from the member states of the [[Limistéar Eorpach Eacnamaíoch|LEE]] and of states that are in the process of joining the EU. == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = <ref name=iate>{{lua idirlín | url = https://iate.europa.eu/entry/result/3500516/ga | teideal = Téarma: Comhlacht na Rialálaithe Eorpacha um Chumarsáid Leictreonach | foilsitheoir = [[IATE]] | dátarochtana = 15-07-2026}}</ref> <ref name=UIA>{{lua idirlín | url = https://uia.org/s/or/en/1100015682 | teideal = Body of European Regulators for Electronic Communications (BEREC) | bliain = 2024 | department=UIA Global Civil Society Database | work = uia.org | foilsitheoir = [[Union of International Associations]]}}</ref> }} == Údarás um Páirtithe Polaitiúla Eorpacha agus um Fhondúireachtaí Polaitiúla Eorpacha == {{WD Bosca Sonraí Eagraíochta}} | keydocument1 = [https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2014/1141/oj/eng Rialachán (AE, Euratom) Uimh. 1141/2014] '' An t'''Údarás um Páirtithe Polaitiúla Eorpacha agus um Fhondúireachtaí Polaitiúla Eorpacha'''<ref name=iate /> (Béarla: ''Authority for European Political Parties and European Political Foundations'' ('''APPF''') is a [[Gníomhaireachtaí an Aontais Eorpaigh|body of the European Union]] in charge of registering, controlling and imposing sanctions on [[páirtí polaitiúil Eorpach|páirtithe polaitiúla Eorpacha]] agus [[fondúireacht pholaitiúil Eorpach|fondúireachtaí polaitiúla Eorpacha]]. '' The APPF has offices sa [[an Bhruiséil|Bhruiséil]] agus i [[Strasbourg]]; since 2021, its Director has been Pascal Schonard. == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = <ref name=iate>{{lua idirlín | url = https://iate.europa.eu/entry/result/3644247/ga | teideal = Téarma: ComhlachÚdarás um Páirtithe Polaitiúla Eorpacha agus um Fhondúireachtaí Polaitiúla Eorpachat na Rialálaithe Eorpacha um Chumarsáid Leictreonach | foilsitheoir = [[IATE]] | dátarochtana = 15-07-2026}}</ref> }} {{síol-eu}} {{Gníomhaireachtaí an Aontais Eorpaigh|state=collapsed}} [[Catagóir:Gníomhaireachtaí an Aontais Eorpaigh]] == EU-CyCLONe == '' EU-CyCLONe or '''European Cyber Crisis Liaison Organisation Network''' is a cooperation network for [[European Union]] members to national authorities in charge of cyber crisis management.<ref name=ability /> It was set up as part of the [[NIS 2 Directive]].<ref name=nis2 /> '' It was launched in 2020 and formalised in January 2023.<ref name=cyber-resilience /> The chair rotates with the [[Uachtaránacht ar Chomhairle an Aontais Eorpaigh]].<ref name=cyber-resilience/> '' EU-CyCLONe submits a report assessing its work to the [[Parlaimint na hEorpa]] and [[Comhairle an Aontais Eorpaigh]] every 18 months, starting 17 October 2024.<ref name=cyber-resilience/> == Blue OLEx '' The Blueprint Operational Level Exercise is an annual exercise involving senior cybersecurity officials from EU member states and the [[an Coimisiún Eorpach]], with [[an tAontas Eorpach]] support.<ref name=cyber-resilience/> In 2024 it was hosted in [[an Róimh]] by [[Agenzia per la Cybersicurezza Nazionale]], focused on executive level cooperation, particularly via EU-CyCLONe.<ref name=cyber-resilience/> == Naisc sheachtracha * [https://www.nis-2-directive.com/NIS_2_Directive_Article_14_(Proposal_16.12.2020).html The NIS 2 Directive, The European cyber crises liaison organisation network (EU - CyCLONe)] - Article 14 on EU-CyCLONe * [https://www.nis-2-directive.com/NIS_2_Directive_Article_16.html The NIS 2 Directive, Final Text] - Article 16 on EU-CyCLONe * [https://www.nis-2-directive.com/NIS_2_Directive_Article_17.html The NIS 2 Directive, Final Text] - Article 17, International cooperation == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = <ref name=ability>{{lua idirlín | teideal = EU countries test their ability to cooperate in the event of cyber attacks | url = https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/news/eu-countries-test-their-ability-cooperate-event-cyber-attacks | dáta = 2020-09-29 | dátarochtana = 2025-02-24 | work = [[an Coimisiún Eorpach]]}}</ref> <ref name=nis2>{{lua idirlín | teideal = Europe moves closer to stricter cybersecurity standards, reporting regs | url = https://www.theregister.com/2022/05/17/europe_nis2_cybersecurity_regulations/ | sloinne = Lyons | ainm = Jessica | dáta = 2022-05-17 | dátarochtana = 2025-02-24 | work = [[The Register]]}}</ref> <ref name=cyber-resilience>{{cite news | teideal = EU Ramps Up Cyber Resilience with Major Crisis Simulation Exercise | sloinne = Poireault | ainm = Kevin | dáta = 2024-11-11 | url = https://www.infosecurity-magazine.com/news/eu-cyber-resilience-crisis/ | dátarochtana = 2025-02-24 | work = Infosecurity Magazine}}</ref> }} == Tíreolaíocht == [[Réigiún na Teorann]] === Geografaíocht fhisiceach [[Íomhá:Glencar waterfall01.jpg| thumb | 170px | [[Loch Ghleann an Chairthe|Eas Ghleann an Chairthe]], Liatroim]] '' The region encompasses the entire northwest coast of Ireland along the [[an tAigéan Atlantach]]. Two of Ireland's longest rivers, [[an tSionainn]] and the [[an Éirne]], agus an [[Uiscebhealach na Sionainne is na hÉirne]] eatarthu. Cavan and Monaghan in the east of the region are characterized by a drumlin landscape, with hundreds of loughs interspersed between. [[Loch Aillionn]] in Leitrim is the region's largest lake, at 35 km². '' The west of the region, from [[Teallach Eathach]], County Cavan, to the Atlantic coast is largely rocky and mountainous, with coastal cliffs but also beaches in counties Sligo, Donegal and Leitrim. Leitrim has the smallest coastline of any county, at just 5&nbsp;km in length, while Donegal has the longest, at 1,134&nbsp;km. === Foraoiseacht '' there is a total of 130,345 ha of forest and woodland cover in the Border Region, equating to 11.3% of the region's land area, the national average.<ref name=govagri2017 /> '' Traditionally, the region had a very low cover forest and planting schemes were undertaken by the Department of Agriculture or [[Comhlachtaí státurraithe na hÉireann|comhlachtaí státurraithe]] such as [[Coillte]]. County Leitrim is now Ireland's most forested county at 18.9% forest cover. However, over 50% of Leitrim's forests are in private ownership.<ref name=govagri2006 /> === Aeráid '' Under [[Aicmiú aeráide Köppen]], the region experiences a maritime [[aeráid mheasartha]] [[aeráid aigéanach]], meaning cool winters, mild humid summers, and a lack of temperature extremes. Summer daytime temperatures range between 15°C agus 22°C, rarely going beyond 25°C. While the region generally experiences mild winters, upland areas typically have snow. Humidity is high year round and rainfall ranges from ~1,250&nbsp;mm ([[Marcréidh]], Sligeach) to ~1,000&nbsp;mm ([[Béal Átha hÉis]], Cabhán), evenly distributed throughout the year. <ref name=metclimate /> === Geolaíocht [[Íomhá: Benbulben2.jpg | thumb | 200px | [[Binn Ghulbain]], Contae Shligigh]] '' There are many large mountain ranges and high sea cliffs in the region, such as the [[Sléibhte Dhoire Bheatha]], [[Sliabh Liag]], the [[Binn Chuilceach]] agus [[Binn Ghulbain]]. The region is generally underlain by [[an tOrdaivíseach]] and [[an Siolúrach]] sceallaí agus gréabhacaí, laid down 417-495 million years ago. These are found in eastern Cavan and Monaghan. The bedrock of western Cavan, Leitrim and Sligo is composed mostly of [[carbónmhar]] limestones that were laid roughly 355 million years ago. However, a 1.5 billion year old narrow strip of metamorphosed gneisses extend across Sligo near [[Sliabh Gamh]].<ref name=geocavan /><ref name=geosligo /> '' County Donegal has one of the most complex geologies in Ireland. Much of the county is underlain by [[Réamhchaimbriach]] gneiss, schist and quartzite, laid down during the Grenvillian Orogeny 700 million years ago. The Border Region's highest point, [[An Earagail]], at 751 m, is composed of Precambrian quartzite. '' Ireland's oldest rocks, laid down 1.78 billion years ago, are found on the island of [[Inis Trá Tholl]].<ref name=gsi /> Inis Trá Tholl is Ireland's most northerly island, located approximately 10&nbsp;km north of [[Cionn Mhálanna]], mainland Ireland's most northerly point. '' [[Loch Súilí]] in Donegal is one of Ireland's three fjords. == Buntásc == __NOINDEX__ __NOTOC__ ike4qhn36xn5bdgka6k9xr06vqcn2wm 1320714 1320713 2026-07-16T07:01:40Z Marcas.oduinn 33120 /* Eile */ 1320714 wikitext text/x-wiki == Ceanntásc == (an t)Údarás um..., (an) G(h)níomhaireacht um... (an) Comhbheartas Talmhaíochta. Cé acu sa teideal? Féach: * [http://www.gaois.ie gaois.ie]. * ''Wikidata list'' [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Wikidata list/Contaetha na hÉireann#Réigiún na hÉireann|Réigiúin na hÉireann]]. === Réigiún === {| class="wikitable" style="width:100%; vertical-align:top;" ! style="width:50%;" | Réigiúin ! style="width:50%;" | Réigiúin NUTS |- | style="text-align:center" | [[Íomhá:IrelandRegions.png | center]] | align=center | [[Íomhá:NUTS3 Boundaries Ireland.png | center]] |- | style="vertical-align:top;" | Réigiúin na hÉireann: * (A) Tuaisceart * (B) Iarthar * (C) Iardheisceart * (D) Oirdheisceart * (E) Oirthear [BÁC] * (F) [[Lár na Tíre (Éire)]] | style="vertical-align:top;" | '''Réigiúin''' NUTS 3 na hÉireann: * [[Réigiún na Teorann|Teorainn]] * [[Réigiún an Iarthair|Iarthar]] * [[Réigiún Lár na Tíre|Lár na Tíre]] * [[Réigiún an Lár-Oirthir|Lár-Oirthear]] * [[Réigiún Bhaile Átha Cliath|Baile Átha Cliath]] * [[Réigiún an Lár-Iarthair|Lár-Iarthar]] * [[Réigiún an Oirdheiscirt|Oirdheisceart]] * [[Réigiún an Iardheiscirt|Iardheisceart]] |} {| |- | [[Íomhá:Newborderregionboundary.png | 80px]]<!--[[Íomhá:Ireland location map Border region.svg | 40px]]--> | [[Íomhá:Ireland location map West region.svg | 80px]] | [[Íomhá:Ireland location map Midlands.svg | 80px]] | [[Íomhá:Mid East Ireland 2018.png | 80px]]<!--[[Íomhá:Ireland location map Mid-East.svg | 40px]]--> | [[Íomhá:Island_of_Ireland_location_map_Dublin.svg | 80px]] | [[Íomhá:Mid-West Region Map Ireland 2018.png | 80px]]<!--[[Íomhá:Mid-West Region Map Ireland 2018.png | 40px]]--> | [[Íomhá:SE Region Ireland 2018.png | 80px]]<!--[[Íomhá:Ireland location map South East.svg | 40px]]--> | [[Íomhá:Ireland location map South West.svg | 80px]] |} === Acrainm === * [[Aicmiú Comhchoiteann na nAonad Críche maidir le Staidreamh|NUTS]] - Acáise * [[Comhordú an Eolais ar an Timpeallacht|CORINE]] - Ceolta * [[CORDIS]] - SeoTaifeach * [[Inter-Active Terminology for Europe|IATE]] - Tighe == Eile == # [[Comhlacht na Rialálaithe Eorpacha um Chumarsáid Leictreonach]] Berec # # ''[[:en:Authority for European Political Parties and European Political Foundations|Authority for European Political Parties and European Political Foundations]]'' - [[Údarás um Páirtithe Polaitiúla Eorpacha agus um Fhondúireachtaí Polaitiúla Eorpacha]] (2016) # ''[[:en:Agency for Support for BEREC|Agency for Support for BEREC]]'' - [[Gníomhaireacht Tacaíochta BEREC]] (2009) # ''[[:en:EU-CyCLONe|EU-CyCLONe]]'' - [[EU-CyCLONe]] (2020) == Gníomhaireacht Sábháilteachta Eitlíochta an Aontais Eorpaigh == | keydocument1 = [https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/GA/TXT/?uri=CELEX:02018R1139-20250525 Rialachán (AE) 2018/1139] ''The '''Gníomhaireacht Sábháilteachta Eitlíochta an Aontais Eorpaigh'''<ref name=iate /> (Béarla: ''European Union Aviation Safety Agency'' ('''EASA''') is an [[Gníomhaireachtaí an Aontais Eorpaigh|agency]] of the [[an Coimisiún Eorpach]] with responsibility for civil [[aviation safety]] in the [[Aontas Eorpach]]. It carries out [[Type certificate|certification]], regulation and standardisation and also performs investigation and monitoring.<ref name=flor />{{rp|§4.3}} It collects and analyses safety data, drafts and advises on safety legislation and co-ordinates with similar organisations in other parts of the world.<ref name=flor />{{rp|§4.3}} ''The idea of a European-level aviation safety authority goes back to 1996, but the agency was legally established only in 2002; it began its work in 2003.<ref name=flor />{{rp|§4.3}} == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = <ref name=iate>{{lua idirlín | url = https://iate.europa.eu/entry/result/3569070/ga | teideal = Téarma: Gníomhaireacht Sábháilteachta Eitlíochta an Aontais Eorpaigh | foilsitheoir = [[IATE]] | dátarochtana = 16-07-2026}}</ref> <ref name=flor>Florin Coman-Kund (2018). [https://pure.eur.nl/en/publications/european-union-agencies-as-global-actors-a-legal-study-of-the-eur/ ''European Union Agencies as Global Actors: A Legal Study of the European Aviation Safety Agency, Frontex and Europol'']. Abingdon, Oxfordshire; New York, New York: Routledge. {{ISBN|9781138293045}}.</ref> }} == Comhlacht na Rialálaithe Eorpacha um Chumarsáid Leictreonach == {{WD Bosca Sonraí Eagraíochta}} keydocument1 = [https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/GA/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32018R1971 Rialachán (AE) 2018/1971] '' The '''Comhlacht na Rialálaithe Eorpacha um Chumarsáid Leictreonach'''<ref name=iate /> (Béarla: ''Body of European Regulators for Electronic Communications'' ('''BEREC''')) is the body in which the regulators of the telecommunications markets in the [[an tAontas Eorpach]] work together.<ref name=UIA /> Other participants include representatives of the [[an Coimisiún Eorpach]], as well as telecommunication regulators from the member states of the [[Limistéar Eorpach Eacnamaíoch|LEE]] and of states that are in the process of joining the EU. == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = <ref name=iate>{{lua idirlín | url = https://iate.europa.eu/entry/result/3500516/ga | teideal = Téarma: Comhlacht na Rialálaithe Eorpacha um Chumarsáid Leictreonach | foilsitheoir = [[IATE]] | dátarochtana = 15-07-2026}}</ref> <ref name=UIA>{{lua idirlín | url = https://uia.org/s/or/en/1100015682 | teideal = Body of European Regulators for Electronic Communications (BEREC) | bliain = 2024 | department=UIA Global Civil Society Database | work = uia.org | foilsitheoir = [[Union of International Associations]]}}</ref> }} == Údarás um Páirtithe Polaitiúla Eorpacha agus um Fhondúireachtaí Polaitiúla Eorpacha == {{WD Bosca Sonraí Eagraíochta}} | keydocument1 = [https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2014/1141/oj/eng Rialachán (AE, Euratom) Uimh. 1141/2014] '' An t'''Údarás um Páirtithe Polaitiúla Eorpacha agus um Fhondúireachtaí Polaitiúla Eorpacha'''<ref name=iate /> (Béarla: ''Authority for European Political Parties and European Political Foundations'' ('''APPF''') is a [[Gníomhaireachtaí an Aontais Eorpaigh|body of the European Union]] in charge of registering, controlling and imposing sanctions on [[páirtí polaitiúil Eorpach|páirtithe polaitiúla Eorpacha]] agus [[fondúireacht pholaitiúil Eorpach|fondúireachtaí polaitiúla Eorpacha]]. '' The APPF has offices sa [[an Bhruiséil|Bhruiséil]] agus i [[Strasbourg]]; since 2021, its Director has been Pascal Schonard. == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = <ref name=iate>{{lua idirlín | url = https://iate.europa.eu/entry/result/3644247/ga | teideal = Téarma: ComhlachÚdarás um Páirtithe Polaitiúla Eorpacha agus um Fhondúireachtaí Polaitiúla Eorpachat na Rialálaithe Eorpacha um Chumarsáid Leictreonach | foilsitheoir = [[IATE]] | dátarochtana = 15-07-2026}}</ref> }} {{síol-eu}} {{Gníomhaireachtaí an Aontais Eorpaigh|state=collapsed}} [[Catagóir:Gníomhaireachtaí an Aontais Eorpaigh]] == EU-CyCLONe == '' EU-CyCLONe or '''European Cyber Crisis Liaison Organisation Network''' is a cooperation network for [[European Union]] members to national authorities in charge of cyber crisis management.<ref name=ability /> It was set up as part of the [[NIS 2 Directive]].<ref name=nis2 /> '' It was launched in 2020 and formalised in January 2023.<ref name=cyber-resilience /> The chair rotates with the [[Uachtaránacht ar Chomhairle an Aontais Eorpaigh]].<ref name=cyber-resilience/> '' EU-CyCLONe submits a report assessing its work to the [[Parlaimint na hEorpa]] and [[Comhairle an Aontais Eorpaigh]] every 18 months, starting 17 October 2024.<ref name=cyber-resilience/> == Blue OLEx '' The Blueprint Operational Level Exercise is an annual exercise involving senior cybersecurity officials from EU member states and the [[an Coimisiún Eorpach]], with [[an tAontas Eorpach]] support.<ref name=cyber-resilience/> In 2024 it was hosted in [[an Róimh]] by [[Agenzia per la Cybersicurezza Nazionale]], focused on executive level cooperation, particularly via EU-CyCLONe.<ref name=cyber-resilience/> == Naisc sheachtracha * [https://www.nis-2-directive.com/NIS_2_Directive_Article_14_(Proposal_16.12.2020).html The NIS 2 Directive, The European cyber crises liaison organisation network (EU - CyCLONe)] - Article 14 on EU-CyCLONe * [https://www.nis-2-directive.com/NIS_2_Directive_Article_16.html The NIS 2 Directive, Final Text] - Article 16 on EU-CyCLONe * [https://www.nis-2-directive.com/NIS_2_Directive_Article_17.html The NIS 2 Directive, Final Text] - Article 17, International cooperation == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = <ref name=ability>{{lua idirlín | teideal = EU countries test their ability to cooperate in the event of cyber attacks | url = https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/news/eu-countries-test-their-ability-cooperate-event-cyber-attacks | dáta = 2020-09-29 | dátarochtana = 2025-02-24 | work = [[an Coimisiún Eorpach]]}}</ref> <ref name=nis2>{{lua idirlín | teideal = Europe moves closer to stricter cybersecurity standards, reporting regs | url = https://www.theregister.com/2022/05/17/europe_nis2_cybersecurity_regulations/ | sloinne = Lyons | ainm = Jessica | dáta = 2022-05-17 | dátarochtana = 2025-02-24 | work = [[The Register]]}}</ref> <ref name=cyber-resilience>{{cite news | teideal = EU Ramps Up Cyber Resilience with Major Crisis Simulation Exercise | sloinne = Poireault | ainm = Kevin | dáta = 2024-11-11 | url = https://www.infosecurity-magazine.com/news/eu-cyber-resilience-crisis/ | dátarochtana = 2025-02-24 | work = Infosecurity Magazine}}</ref> }} == Tíreolaíocht == [[Réigiún na Teorann]] === Geografaíocht fhisiceach [[Íomhá:Glencar waterfall01.jpg| thumb | 170px | [[Loch Ghleann an Chairthe|Eas Ghleann an Chairthe]], Liatroim]] '' The region encompasses the entire northwest coast of Ireland along the [[an tAigéan Atlantach]]. Two of Ireland's longest rivers, [[an tSionainn]] and the [[an Éirne]], agus an [[Uiscebhealach na Sionainne is na hÉirne]] eatarthu. Cavan and Monaghan in the east of the region are characterized by a drumlin landscape, with hundreds of loughs interspersed between. [[Loch Aillionn]] in Leitrim is the region's largest lake, at 35 km². '' The west of the region, from [[Teallach Eathach]], County Cavan, to the Atlantic coast is largely rocky and mountainous, with coastal cliffs but also beaches in counties Sligo, Donegal and Leitrim. Leitrim has the smallest coastline of any county, at just 5&nbsp;km in length, while Donegal has the longest, at 1,134&nbsp;km. === Foraoiseacht '' there is a total of 130,345 ha of forest and woodland cover in the Border Region, equating to 11.3% of the region's land area, the national average.<ref name=govagri2017 /> '' Traditionally, the region had a very low cover forest and planting schemes were undertaken by the Department of Agriculture or [[Comhlachtaí státurraithe na hÉireann|comhlachtaí státurraithe]] such as [[Coillte]]. County Leitrim is now Ireland's most forested county at 18.9% forest cover. However, over 50% of Leitrim's forests are in private ownership.<ref name=govagri2006 /> === Aeráid '' Under [[Aicmiú aeráide Köppen]], the region experiences a maritime [[aeráid mheasartha]] [[aeráid aigéanach]], meaning cool winters, mild humid summers, and a lack of temperature extremes. Summer daytime temperatures range between 15°C agus 22°C, rarely going beyond 25°C. While the region generally experiences mild winters, upland areas typically have snow. Humidity is high year round and rainfall ranges from ~1,250&nbsp;mm ([[Marcréidh]], Sligeach) to ~1,000&nbsp;mm ([[Béal Átha hÉis]], Cabhán), evenly distributed throughout the year. <ref name=metclimate /> === Geolaíocht [[Íomhá: Benbulben2.jpg | thumb | 200px | [[Binn Ghulbain]], Contae Shligigh]] '' There are many large mountain ranges and high sea cliffs in the region, such as the [[Sléibhte Dhoire Bheatha]], [[Sliabh Liag]], the [[Binn Chuilceach]] agus [[Binn Ghulbain]]. The region is generally underlain by [[an tOrdaivíseach]] and [[an Siolúrach]] sceallaí agus gréabhacaí, laid down 417-495 million years ago. These are found in eastern Cavan and Monaghan. The bedrock of western Cavan, Leitrim and Sligo is composed mostly of [[carbónmhar]] limestones that were laid roughly 355 million years ago. However, a 1.5 billion year old narrow strip of metamorphosed gneisses extend across Sligo near [[Sliabh Gamh]].<ref name=geocavan /><ref name=geosligo /> '' County Donegal has one of the most complex geologies in Ireland. Much of the county is underlain by [[Réamhchaimbriach]] gneiss, schist and quartzite, laid down during the Grenvillian Orogeny 700 million years ago. The Border Region's highest point, [[An Earagail]], at 751 m, is composed of Precambrian quartzite. '' Ireland's oldest rocks, laid down 1.78 billion years ago, are found on the island of [[Inis Trá Tholl]].<ref name=gsi /> Inis Trá Tholl is Ireland's most northerly island, located approximately 10&nbsp;km north of [[Cionn Mhálanna]], mainland Ireland's most northerly point. '' [[Loch Súilí]] in Donegal is one of Ireland's three fjords. == Buntásc == __NOINDEX__ __NOTOC__ aroa6wkd0zwufej3v1ks0jcjj3dvp41 1320715 1320714 2026-07-16T07:03:18Z Marcas.oduinn 33120 /* Eile */ 1320715 wikitext text/x-wiki == Ceanntásc == (an t)Údarás um..., (an) G(h)níomhaireacht um... (an) Comhbheartas Talmhaíochta. Cé acu sa teideal? Féach: * [http://www.gaois.ie gaois.ie]. * ''Wikidata list'' [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Wikidata list/Contaetha na hÉireann#Réigiún na hÉireann|Réigiúin na hÉireann]]. === Réigiún === {| class="wikitable" style="width:100%; vertical-align:top;" ! style="width:50%;" | Réigiúin ! style="width:50%;" | Réigiúin NUTS |- | style="text-align:center" | [[Íomhá:IrelandRegions.png | center]] | align=center | [[Íomhá:NUTS3 Boundaries Ireland.png | center]] |- | style="vertical-align:top;" | Réigiúin na hÉireann: * (A) Tuaisceart * (B) Iarthar * (C) Iardheisceart * (D) Oirdheisceart * (E) Oirthear [BÁC] * (F) [[Lár na Tíre (Éire)]] | style="vertical-align:top;" | '''Réigiúin''' NUTS 3 na hÉireann: * [[Réigiún na Teorann|Teorainn]] * [[Réigiún an Iarthair|Iarthar]] * [[Réigiún Lár na Tíre|Lár na Tíre]] * [[Réigiún an Lár-Oirthir|Lár-Oirthear]] * [[Réigiún Bhaile Átha Cliath|Baile Átha Cliath]] * [[Réigiún an Lár-Iarthair|Lár-Iarthar]] * [[Réigiún an Oirdheiscirt|Oirdheisceart]] * [[Réigiún an Iardheiscirt|Iardheisceart]] |} {| |- | [[Íomhá:Newborderregionboundary.png | 80px]]<!--[[Íomhá:Ireland location map Border region.svg | 40px]]--> | [[Íomhá:Ireland location map West region.svg | 80px]] | [[Íomhá:Ireland location map Midlands.svg | 80px]] | [[Íomhá:Mid East Ireland 2018.png | 80px]]<!--[[Íomhá:Ireland location map Mid-East.svg | 40px]]--> | [[Íomhá:Island_of_Ireland_location_map_Dublin.svg | 80px]] | [[Íomhá:Mid-West Region Map Ireland 2018.png | 80px]]<!--[[Íomhá:Mid-West Region Map Ireland 2018.png | 40px]]--> | [[Íomhá:SE Region Ireland 2018.png | 80px]]<!--[[Íomhá:Ireland location map South East.svg | 40px]]--> | [[Íomhá:Ireland location map South West.svg | 80px]] |} === Acrainm === * [[Aicmiú Comhchoiteann na nAonad Críche maidir le Staidreamh|NUTS]] - Acáise * [[Comhordú an Eolais ar an Timpeallacht|CORINE]] - Ceolta * [[CORDIS]] - SeoTaifeach * [[Inter-Active Terminology for Europe|IATE]] - Tighe == Eile == # # ''[[:en:Authority for European Political Parties and European Political Foundations|Authority for European Political Parties and European Political Foundations]]'' - [[Údarás um Páirtithe Polaitiúla Eorpacha agus um Fhondúireachtaí Polaitiúla Eorpacha]] (2016) # [[Comhlacht na Rialálaithe Eorpacha um Chumarsáid Leictreonach]] (Berec) # ''[[:en:Agency for Support for BEREC|Agency for Support for BEREC]]'' - [[Gníomhaireacht Tacaíochta BEREC]] (2009) # ''[[:en:EU-CyCLONe|EU-CyCLONe]]'' - [[EU-CyCLONe]] (2020) == Gníomhaireacht Sábháilteachta Eitlíochta an Aontais Eorpaigh == | keydocument1 = [https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/GA/TXT/?uri=CELEX:02018R1139-20250525 Rialachán (AE) 2018/1139] ''The '''Gníomhaireacht Sábháilteachta Eitlíochta an Aontais Eorpaigh'''<ref name=iate /> (Béarla: ''European Union Aviation Safety Agency'' ('''EASA''') is an [[Gníomhaireachtaí an Aontais Eorpaigh|agency]] of the [[an Coimisiún Eorpach]] with responsibility for civil [[aviation safety]] in the [[Aontas Eorpach]]. It carries out [[Type certificate|certification]], regulation and standardisation and also performs investigation and monitoring.<ref name=flor />{{rp|§4.3}} It collects and analyses safety data, drafts and advises on safety legislation and co-ordinates with similar organisations in other parts of the world.<ref name=flor />{{rp|§4.3}} ''The idea of a European-level aviation safety authority goes back to 1996, but the agency was legally established only in 2002; it began its work in 2003.<ref name=flor />{{rp|§4.3}} == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = <ref name=iate>{{lua idirlín | url = https://iate.europa.eu/entry/result/3569070/ga | teideal = Téarma: Gníomhaireacht Sábháilteachta Eitlíochta an Aontais Eorpaigh | foilsitheoir = [[IATE]] | dátarochtana = 16-07-2026}}</ref> <ref name=flor>Florin Coman-Kund (2018). [https://pure.eur.nl/en/publications/european-union-agencies-as-global-actors-a-legal-study-of-the-eur/ ''European Union Agencies as Global Actors: A Legal Study of the European Aviation Safety Agency, Frontex and Europol'']. Abingdon, Oxfordshire; New York, New York: Routledge. {{ISBN|9781138293045}}.</ref> }} == Comhlacht na Rialálaithe Eorpacha um Chumarsáid Leictreonach == {{WD Bosca Sonraí Eagraíochta}} keydocument1 = [https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/GA/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32018R1971 Rialachán (AE) 2018/1971] '' The '''Comhlacht na Rialálaithe Eorpacha um Chumarsáid Leictreonach'''<ref name=iate /> (Béarla: ''Body of European Regulators for Electronic Communications'' ('''BEREC''')) is the body in which the regulators of the telecommunications markets in the [[an tAontas Eorpach]] work together.<ref name=UIA /> Other participants include representatives of the [[an Coimisiún Eorpach]], as well as telecommunication regulators from the member states of the [[Limistéar Eorpach Eacnamaíoch|LEE]] and of states that are in the process of joining the EU. == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = <ref name=iate>{{lua idirlín | url = https://iate.europa.eu/entry/result/3500516/ga | teideal = Téarma: Comhlacht na Rialálaithe Eorpacha um Chumarsáid Leictreonach | foilsitheoir = [[IATE]] | dátarochtana = 15-07-2026}}</ref> <ref name=UIA>{{lua idirlín | url = https://uia.org/s/or/en/1100015682 | teideal = Body of European Regulators for Electronic Communications (BEREC) | bliain = 2024 | department=UIA Global Civil Society Database | work = uia.org | foilsitheoir = [[Union of International Associations]]}}</ref> }} == Údarás um Páirtithe Polaitiúla Eorpacha agus um Fhondúireachtaí Polaitiúla Eorpacha == {{WD Bosca Sonraí Eagraíochta}} | keydocument1 = [https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2014/1141/oj/eng Rialachán (AE, Euratom) Uimh. 1141/2014] '' An t'''Údarás um Páirtithe Polaitiúla Eorpacha agus um Fhondúireachtaí Polaitiúla Eorpacha'''<ref name=iate /> (Béarla: ''Authority for European Political Parties and European Political Foundations'' ('''APPF''') is a [[Gníomhaireachtaí an Aontais Eorpaigh|body of the European Union]] in charge of registering, controlling and imposing sanctions on [[páirtí polaitiúil Eorpach|páirtithe polaitiúla Eorpacha]] agus [[fondúireacht pholaitiúil Eorpach|fondúireachtaí polaitiúla Eorpacha]]. '' The APPF has offices sa [[an Bhruiséil|Bhruiséil]] agus i [[Strasbourg]]; since 2021, its Director has been Pascal Schonard. == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = <ref name=iate>{{lua idirlín | url = https://iate.europa.eu/entry/result/3644247/ga | teideal = Téarma: ComhlachÚdarás um Páirtithe Polaitiúla Eorpacha agus um Fhondúireachtaí Polaitiúla Eorpachat na Rialálaithe Eorpacha um Chumarsáid Leictreonach | foilsitheoir = [[IATE]] | dátarochtana = 15-07-2026}}</ref> }} {{síol-eu}} {{Gníomhaireachtaí an Aontais Eorpaigh|state=collapsed}} [[Catagóir:Gníomhaireachtaí an Aontais Eorpaigh]] == EU-CyCLONe == '' EU-CyCLONe or '''European Cyber Crisis Liaison Organisation Network''' is a cooperation network for [[European Union]] members to national authorities in charge of cyber crisis management.<ref name=ability /> It was set up as part of the [[NIS 2 Directive]].<ref name=nis2 /> '' It was launched in 2020 and formalised in January 2023.<ref name=cyber-resilience /> The chair rotates with the [[Uachtaránacht ar Chomhairle an Aontais Eorpaigh]].<ref name=cyber-resilience/> '' EU-CyCLONe submits a report assessing its work to the [[Parlaimint na hEorpa]] and [[Comhairle an Aontais Eorpaigh]] every 18 months, starting 17 October 2024.<ref name=cyber-resilience/> == Blue OLEx '' The Blueprint Operational Level Exercise is an annual exercise involving senior cybersecurity officials from EU member states and the [[an Coimisiún Eorpach]], with [[an tAontas Eorpach]] support.<ref name=cyber-resilience/> In 2024 it was hosted in [[an Róimh]] by [[Agenzia per la Cybersicurezza Nazionale]], focused on executive level cooperation, particularly via EU-CyCLONe.<ref name=cyber-resilience/> == Naisc sheachtracha * [https://www.nis-2-directive.com/NIS_2_Directive_Article_14_(Proposal_16.12.2020).html The NIS 2 Directive, The European cyber crises liaison organisation network (EU - CyCLONe)] - Article 14 on EU-CyCLONe * [https://www.nis-2-directive.com/NIS_2_Directive_Article_16.html The NIS 2 Directive, Final Text] - Article 16 on EU-CyCLONe * [https://www.nis-2-directive.com/NIS_2_Directive_Article_17.html The NIS 2 Directive, Final Text] - Article 17, International cooperation == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = <ref name=ability>{{lua idirlín | teideal = EU countries test their ability to cooperate in the event of cyber attacks | url = https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/news/eu-countries-test-their-ability-cooperate-event-cyber-attacks | dáta = 2020-09-29 | dátarochtana = 2025-02-24 | work = [[an Coimisiún Eorpach]]}}</ref> <ref name=nis2>{{lua idirlín | teideal = Europe moves closer to stricter cybersecurity standards, reporting regs | url = https://www.theregister.com/2022/05/17/europe_nis2_cybersecurity_regulations/ | sloinne = Lyons | ainm = Jessica | dáta = 2022-05-17 | dátarochtana = 2025-02-24 | work = [[The Register]]}}</ref> <ref name=cyber-resilience>{{cite news | teideal = EU Ramps Up Cyber Resilience with Major Crisis Simulation Exercise | sloinne = Poireault | ainm = Kevin | dáta = 2024-11-11 | url = https://www.infosecurity-magazine.com/news/eu-cyber-resilience-crisis/ | dátarochtana = 2025-02-24 | work = Infosecurity Magazine}}</ref> }} == Tíreolaíocht == [[Réigiún na Teorann]] === Geografaíocht fhisiceach [[Íomhá:Glencar waterfall01.jpg| thumb | 170px | [[Loch Ghleann an Chairthe|Eas Ghleann an Chairthe]], Liatroim]] '' The region encompasses the entire northwest coast of Ireland along the [[an tAigéan Atlantach]]. Two of Ireland's longest rivers, [[an tSionainn]] and the [[an Éirne]], agus an [[Uiscebhealach na Sionainne is na hÉirne]] eatarthu. Cavan and Monaghan in the east of the region are characterized by a drumlin landscape, with hundreds of loughs interspersed between. [[Loch Aillionn]] in Leitrim is the region's largest lake, at 35 km². '' The west of the region, from [[Teallach Eathach]], County Cavan, to the Atlantic coast is largely rocky and mountainous, with coastal cliffs but also beaches in counties Sligo, Donegal and Leitrim. Leitrim has the smallest coastline of any county, at just 5&nbsp;km in length, while Donegal has the longest, at 1,134&nbsp;km. === Foraoiseacht '' there is a total of 130,345 ha of forest and woodland cover in the Border Region, equating to 11.3% of the region's land area, the national average.<ref name=govagri2017 /> '' Traditionally, the region had a very low cover forest and planting schemes were undertaken by the Department of Agriculture or [[Comhlachtaí státurraithe na hÉireann|comhlachtaí státurraithe]] such as [[Coillte]]. County Leitrim is now Ireland's most forested county at 18.9% forest cover. However, over 50% of Leitrim's forests are in private ownership.<ref name=govagri2006 /> === Aeráid '' Under [[Aicmiú aeráide Köppen]], the region experiences a maritime [[aeráid mheasartha]] [[aeráid aigéanach]], meaning cool winters, mild humid summers, and a lack of temperature extremes. Summer daytime temperatures range between 15°C agus 22°C, rarely going beyond 25°C. While the region generally experiences mild winters, upland areas typically have snow. Humidity is high year round and rainfall ranges from ~1,250&nbsp;mm ([[Marcréidh]], Sligeach) to ~1,000&nbsp;mm ([[Béal Átha hÉis]], Cabhán), evenly distributed throughout the year. <ref name=metclimate /> === Geolaíocht [[Íomhá: Benbulben2.jpg | thumb | 200px | [[Binn Ghulbain]], Contae Shligigh]] '' There are many large mountain ranges and high sea cliffs in the region, such as the [[Sléibhte Dhoire Bheatha]], [[Sliabh Liag]], the [[Binn Chuilceach]] agus [[Binn Ghulbain]]. The region is generally underlain by [[an tOrdaivíseach]] and [[an Siolúrach]] sceallaí agus gréabhacaí, laid down 417-495 million years ago. These are found in eastern Cavan and Monaghan. The bedrock of western Cavan, Leitrim and Sligo is composed mostly of [[carbónmhar]] limestones that were laid roughly 355 million years ago. However, a 1.5 billion year old narrow strip of metamorphosed gneisses extend across Sligo near [[Sliabh Gamh]].<ref name=geocavan /><ref name=geosligo /> '' County Donegal has one of the most complex geologies in Ireland. Much of the county is underlain by [[Réamhchaimbriach]] gneiss, schist and quartzite, laid down during the Grenvillian Orogeny 700 million years ago. The Border Region's highest point, [[An Earagail]], at 751 m, is composed of Precambrian quartzite. '' Ireland's oldest rocks, laid down 1.78 billion years ago, are found on the island of [[Inis Trá Tholl]].<ref name=gsi /> Inis Trá Tholl is Ireland's most northerly island, located approximately 10&nbsp;km north of [[Cionn Mhálanna]], mainland Ireland's most northerly point. '' [[Loch Súilí]] in Donegal is one of Ireland's three fjords. == Buntásc == __NOINDEX__ __NOTOC__ otb9vg73u6cx46fkxo825ot7qsa8ypr 1320716 1320715 2026-07-16T07:04:11Z Marcas.oduinn 33120 /* Eile */ 1320716 wikitext text/x-wiki == Ceanntásc == (an t)Údarás um..., (an) G(h)níomhaireacht um... (an) Comhbheartas Talmhaíochta. Cé acu sa teideal? Féach: * [http://www.gaois.ie gaois.ie]. * ''Wikidata list'' [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Wikidata list/Contaetha na hÉireann#Réigiún na hÉireann|Réigiúin na hÉireann]]. === Réigiún === {| class="wikitable" style="width:100%; vertical-align:top;" ! style="width:50%;" | Réigiúin ! style="width:50%;" | Réigiúin NUTS |- | style="text-align:center" | [[Íomhá:IrelandRegions.png | center]] | align=center | [[Íomhá:NUTS3 Boundaries Ireland.png | center]] |- | style="vertical-align:top;" | Réigiúin na hÉireann: * (A) Tuaisceart * (B) Iarthar * (C) Iardheisceart * (D) Oirdheisceart * (E) Oirthear [BÁC] * (F) [[Lár na Tíre (Éire)]] | style="vertical-align:top;" | '''Réigiúin''' NUTS 3 na hÉireann: * [[Réigiún na Teorann|Teorainn]] * [[Réigiún an Iarthair|Iarthar]] * [[Réigiún Lár na Tíre|Lár na Tíre]] * [[Réigiún an Lár-Oirthir|Lár-Oirthear]] * [[Réigiún Bhaile Átha Cliath|Baile Átha Cliath]] * [[Réigiún an Lár-Iarthair|Lár-Iarthar]] * [[Réigiún an Oirdheiscirt|Oirdheisceart]] * [[Réigiún an Iardheiscirt|Iardheisceart]] |} {| |- | [[Íomhá:Newborderregionboundary.png | 80px]]<!--[[Íomhá:Ireland location map Border region.svg | 40px]]--> | [[Íomhá:Ireland location map West region.svg | 80px]] | [[Íomhá:Ireland location map Midlands.svg | 80px]] | [[Íomhá:Mid East Ireland 2018.png | 80px]]<!--[[Íomhá:Ireland location map Mid-East.svg | 40px]]--> | [[Íomhá:Island_of_Ireland_location_map_Dublin.svg | 80px]] | [[Íomhá:Mid-West Region Map Ireland 2018.png | 80px]]<!--[[Íomhá:Mid-West Region Map Ireland 2018.png | 40px]]--> | [[Íomhá:SE Region Ireland 2018.png | 80px]]<!--[[Íomhá:Ireland location map South East.svg | 40px]]--> | [[Íomhá:Ireland location map South West.svg | 80px]] |} === Acrainm === * [[Aicmiú Comhchoiteann na nAonad Críche maidir le Staidreamh|NUTS]] - Acáise * [[Comhordú an Eolais ar an Timpeallacht|CORINE]] - Ceolta * [[CORDIS]] - SeoTaifeach * [[Inter-Active Terminology for Europe|IATE]] - Tighe == Eile == # [[Gníomhaireacht Sábháilteachta Eitlíochta an Aontais Eorpaigh]] # ''[[:en:Authority for European Political Parties and European Political Foundations|Authority for European Political Parties and European Political Foundations]]'' - [[Údarás um Páirtithe Polaitiúla Eorpacha agus um Fhondúireachtaí Polaitiúla Eorpacha]] (2016) # [[Comhlacht na Rialálaithe Eorpacha um Chumarsáid Leictreonach]] (Berec) # ''[[:en:Agency for Support for BEREC|Agency for Support for BEREC]]'' - [[Gníomhaireacht Tacaíochta BEREC]] (2009) # ''[[:en:EU-CyCLONe|EU-CyCLONe]]'' - [[EU-CyCLONe]] (2020) == Gníomhaireacht Sábháilteachta Eitlíochta an Aontais Eorpaigh == | keydocument1 = [https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/GA/TXT/?uri=CELEX:02018R1139-20250525 Rialachán (AE) 2018/1139] ''The '''Gníomhaireacht Sábháilteachta Eitlíochta an Aontais Eorpaigh'''<ref name=iate /> (Béarla: ''European Union Aviation Safety Agency'' ('''EASA''') is an [[Gníomhaireachtaí an Aontais Eorpaigh|agency]] of the [[an Coimisiún Eorpach]] with responsibility for civil [[aviation safety]] in the [[Aontas Eorpach]]. It carries out [[Type certificate|certification]], regulation and standardisation and also performs investigation and monitoring.<ref name=flor />{{rp|§4.3}} It collects and analyses safety data, drafts and advises on safety legislation and co-ordinates with similar organisations in other parts of the world.<ref name=flor />{{rp|§4.3}} ''The idea of a European-level aviation safety authority goes back to 1996, but the agency was legally established only in 2002; it began its work in 2003.<ref name=flor />{{rp|§4.3}} == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = <ref name=iate>{{lua idirlín | url = https://iate.europa.eu/entry/result/3569070/ga | teideal = Téarma: Gníomhaireacht Sábháilteachta Eitlíochta an Aontais Eorpaigh | foilsitheoir = [[IATE]] | dátarochtana = 16-07-2026}}</ref> <ref name=flor>Florin Coman-Kund (2018). [https://pure.eur.nl/en/publications/european-union-agencies-as-global-actors-a-legal-study-of-the-eur/ ''European Union Agencies as Global Actors: A Legal Study of the European Aviation Safety Agency, Frontex and Europol'']. Abingdon, Oxfordshire; New York, New York: Routledge. {{ISBN|9781138293045}}.</ref> }} == Comhlacht na Rialálaithe Eorpacha um Chumarsáid Leictreonach == {{WD Bosca Sonraí Eagraíochta}} keydocument1 = [https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/GA/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32018R1971 Rialachán (AE) 2018/1971] '' The '''Comhlacht na Rialálaithe Eorpacha um Chumarsáid Leictreonach'''<ref name=iate /> (Béarla: ''Body of European Regulators for Electronic Communications'' ('''BEREC''')) is the body in which the regulators of the telecommunications markets in the [[an tAontas Eorpach]] work together.<ref name=UIA /> Other participants include representatives of the [[an Coimisiún Eorpach]], as well as telecommunication regulators from the member states of the [[Limistéar Eorpach Eacnamaíoch|LEE]] and of states that are in the process of joining the EU. == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = <ref name=iate>{{lua idirlín | url = https://iate.europa.eu/entry/result/3500516/ga | teideal = Téarma: Comhlacht na Rialálaithe Eorpacha um Chumarsáid Leictreonach | foilsitheoir = [[IATE]] | dátarochtana = 15-07-2026}}</ref> <ref name=UIA>{{lua idirlín | url = https://uia.org/s/or/en/1100015682 | teideal = Body of European Regulators for Electronic Communications (BEREC) | bliain = 2024 | department=UIA Global Civil Society Database | work = uia.org | foilsitheoir = [[Union of International Associations]]}}</ref> }} == Údarás um Páirtithe Polaitiúla Eorpacha agus um Fhondúireachtaí Polaitiúla Eorpacha == {{WD Bosca Sonraí Eagraíochta}} | keydocument1 = [https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2014/1141/oj/eng Rialachán (AE, Euratom) Uimh. 1141/2014] '' An t'''Údarás um Páirtithe Polaitiúla Eorpacha agus um Fhondúireachtaí Polaitiúla Eorpacha'''<ref name=iate /> (Béarla: ''Authority for European Political Parties and European Political Foundations'' ('''APPF''') is a [[Gníomhaireachtaí an Aontais Eorpaigh|body of the European Union]] in charge of registering, controlling and imposing sanctions on [[páirtí polaitiúil Eorpach|páirtithe polaitiúla Eorpacha]] agus [[fondúireacht pholaitiúil Eorpach|fondúireachtaí polaitiúla Eorpacha]]. '' The APPF has offices sa [[an Bhruiséil|Bhruiséil]] agus i [[Strasbourg]]; since 2021, its Director has been Pascal Schonard. == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = <ref name=iate>{{lua idirlín | url = https://iate.europa.eu/entry/result/3644247/ga | teideal = Téarma: ComhlachÚdarás um Páirtithe Polaitiúla Eorpacha agus um Fhondúireachtaí Polaitiúla Eorpachat na Rialálaithe Eorpacha um Chumarsáid Leictreonach | foilsitheoir = [[IATE]] | dátarochtana = 15-07-2026}}</ref> }} {{síol-eu}} {{Gníomhaireachtaí an Aontais Eorpaigh|state=collapsed}} [[Catagóir:Gníomhaireachtaí an Aontais Eorpaigh]] == EU-CyCLONe == '' EU-CyCLONe or '''European Cyber Crisis Liaison Organisation Network''' is a cooperation network for [[European Union]] members to national authorities in charge of cyber crisis management.<ref name=ability /> It was set up as part of the [[NIS 2 Directive]].<ref name=nis2 /> '' It was launched in 2020 and formalised in January 2023.<ref name=cyber-resilience /> The chair rotates with the [[Uachtaránacht ar Chomhairle an Aontais Eorpaigh]].<ref name=cyber-resilience/> '' EU-CyCLONe submits a report assessing its work to the [[Parlaimint na hEorpa]] and [[Comhairle an Aontais Eorpaigh]] every 18 months, starting 17 October 2024.<ref name=cyber-resilience/> == Blue OLEx '' The Blueprint Operational Level Exercise is an annual exercise involving senior cybersecurity officials from EU member states and the [[an Coimisiún Eorpach]], with [[an tAontas Eorpach]] support.<ref name=cyber-resilience/> In 2024 it was hosted in [[an Róimh]] by [[Agenzia per la Cybersicurezza Nazionale]], focused on executive level cooperation, particularly via EU-CyCLONe.<ref name=cyber-resilience/> == Naisc sheachtracha * [https://www.nis-2-directive.com/NIS_2_Directive_Article_14_(Proposal_16.12.2020).html The NIS 2 Directive, The European cyber crises liaison organisation network (EU - CyCLONe)] - Article 14 on EU-CyCLONe * [https://www.nis-2-directive.com/NIS_2_Directive_Article_16.html The NIS 2 Directive, Final Text] - Article 16 on EU-CyCLONe * [https://www.nis-2-directive.com/NIS_2_Directive_Article_17.html The NIS 2 Directive, Final Text] - Article 17, International cooperation == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = <ref name=ability>{{lua idirlín | teideal = EU countries test their ability to cooperate in the event of cyber attacks | url = https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/news/eu-countries-test-their-ability-cooperate-event-cyber-attacks | dáta = 2020-09-29 | dátarochtana = 2025-02-24 | work = [[an Coimisiún Eorpach]]}}</ref> <ref name=nis2>{{lua idirlín | teideal = Europe moves closer to stricter cybersecurity standards, reporting regs | url = https://www.theregister.com/2022/05/17/europe_nis2_cybersecurity_regulations/ | sloinne = Lyons | ainm = Jessica | dáta = 2022-05-17 | dátarochtana = 2025-02-24 | work = [[The Register]]}}</ref> <ref name=cyber-resilience>{{cite news | teideal = EU Ramps Up Cyber Resilience with Major Crisis Simulation Exercise | sloinne = Poireault | ainm = Kevin | dáta = 2024-11-11 | url = https://www.infosecurity-magazine.com/news/eu-cyber-resilience-crisis/ | dátarochtana = 2025-02-24 | work = Infosecurity Magazine}}</ref> }} == Tíreolaíocht == [[Réigiún na Teorann]] === Geografaíocht fhisiceach [[Íomhá:Glencar waterfall01.jpg| thumb | 170px | [[Loch Ghleann an Chairthe|Eas Ghleann an Chairthe]], Liatroim]] '' The region encompasses the entire northwest coast of Ireland along the [[an tAigéan Atlantach]]. Two of Ireland's longest rivers, [[an tSionainn]] and the [[an Éirne]], agus an [[Uiscebhealach na Sionainne is na hÉirne]] eatarthu. Cavan and Monaghan in the east of the region are characterized by a drumlin landscape, with hundreds of loughs interspersed between. [[Loch Aillionn]] in Leitrim is the region's largest lake, at 35 km². '' The west of the region, from [[Teallach Eathach]], County Cavan, to the Atlantic coast is largely rocky and mountainous, with coastal cliffs but also beaches in counties Sligo, Donegal and Leitrim. Leitrim has the smallest coastline of any county, at just 5&nbsp;km in length, while Donegal has the longest, at 1,134&nbsp;km. === Foraoiseacht '' there is a total of 130,345 ha of forest and woodland cover in the Border Region, equating to 11.3% of the region's land area, the national average.<ref name=govagri2017 /> '' Traditionally, the region had a very low cover forest and planting schemes were undertaken by the Department of Agriculture or [[Comhlachtaí státurraithe na hÉireann|comhlachtaí státurraithe]] such as [[Coillte]]. County Leitrim is now Ireland's most forested county at 18.9% forest cover. However, over 50% of Leitrim's forests are in private ownership.<ref name=govagri2006 /> === Aeráid '' Under [[Aicmiú aeráide Köppen]], the region experiences a maritime [[aeráid mheasartha]] [[aeráid aigéanach]], meaning cool winters, mild humid summers, and a lack of temperature extremes. Summer daytime temperatures range between 15°C agus 22°C, rarely going beyond 25°C. While the region generally experiences mild winters, upland areas typically have snow. Humidity is high year round and rainfall ranges from ~1,250&nbsp;mm ([[Marcréidh]], Sligeach) to ~1,000&nbsp;mm ([[Béal Átha hÉis]], Cabhán), evenly distributed throughout the year. <ref name=metclimate /> === Geolaíocht [[Íomhá: Benbulben2.jpg | thumb | 200px | [[Binn Ghulbain]], Contae Shligigh]] '' There are many large mountain ranges and high sea cliffs in the region, such as the [[Sléibhte Dhoire Bheatha]], [[Sliabh Liag]], the [[Binn Chuilceach]] agus [[Binn Ghulbain]]. The region is generally underlain by [[an tOrdaivíseach]] and [[an Siolúrach]] sceallaí agus gréabhacaí, laid down 417-495 million years ago. These are found in eastern Cavan and Monaghan. The bedrock of western Cavan, Leitrim and Sligo is composed mostly of [[carbónmhar]] limestones that were laid roughly 355 million years ago. However, a 1.5 billion year old narrow strip of metamorphosed gneisses extend across Sligo near [[Sliabh Gamh]].<ref name=geocavan /><ref name=geosligo /> '' County Donegal has one of the most complex geologies in Ireland. Much of the county is underlain by [[Réamhchaimbriach]] gneiss, schist and quartzite, laid down during the Grenvillian Orogeny 700 million years ago. The Border Region's highest point, [[An Earagail]], at 751 m, is composed of Precambrian quartzite. '' Ireland's oldest rocks, laid down 1.78 billion years ago, are found on the island of [[Inis Trá Tholl]].<ref name=gsi /> Inis Trá Tholl is Ireland's most northerly island, located approximately 10&nbsp;km north of [[Cionn Mhálanna]], mainland Ireland's most northerly point. '' [[Loch Súilí]] in Donegal is one of Ireland's three fjords. == Buntásc == __NOINDEX__ __NOTOC__ pgc6gw5rwoga59ewtcte5jfhonncym2 1320717 1320716 2026-07-16T07:05:28Z Marcas.oduinn 33120 1320717 wikitext text/x-wiki == Ceanntásc == (an t)Údarás um..., (an) G(h)níomhaireacht um... (an) Comhbheartas Talmhaíochta. Cé acu sa teideal? Féach: * [http://www.gaois.ie gaois.ie]. * ''Wikidata list'' [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Wikidata list/Contaetha na hÉireann#Réigiún na hÉireann|Réigiúin na hÉireann]]. === Réigiún === {| class="wikitable" style="width:100%; vertical-align:top;" ! style="width:50%;" | Réigiúin ! style="width:50%;" | Réigiúin NUTS |- | style="text-align:center" | [[Íomhá:IrelandRegions.png | center]] | align=center | [[Íomhá:NUTS3 Boundaries Ireland.png | center]] |- | style="vertical-align:top;" | Réigiúin na hÉireann: * (A) Tuaisceart * (B) Iarthar * (C) Iardheisceart * (D) Oirdheisceart * (E) Oirthear [BÁC] * (F) [[Lár na Tíre (Éire)]] | style="vertical-align:top;" | '''Réigiúin''' NUTS 3 na hÉireann: * [[Réigiún na Teorann|Teorainn]] * [[Réigiún an Iarthair|Iarthar]] * [[Réigiún Lár na Tíre|Lár na Tíre]] * [[Réigiún an Lár-Oirthir|Lár-Oirthear]] * [[Réigiún Bhaile Átha Cliath|Baile Átha Cliath]] * [[Réigiún an Lár-Iarthair|Lár-Iarthar]] * [[Réigiún an Oirdheiscirt|Oirdheisceart]] * [[Réigiún an Iardheiscirt|Iardheisceart]] |} {| |- | [[Íomhá:Newborderregionboundary.png | 80px]]<!--[[Íomhá:Ireland location map Border region.svg | 40px]]--> | [[Íomhá:Ireland location map West region.svg | 80px]] | [[Íomhá:Ireland location map Midlands.svg | 80px]] | [[Íomhá:Mid East Ireland 2018.png | 80px]]<!--[[Íomhá:Ireland location map Mid-East.svg | 40px]]--> | [[Íomhá:Island_of_Ireland_location_map_Dublin.svg | 80px]] | [[Íomhá:Mid-West Region Map Ireland 2018.png | 80px]]<!--[[Íomhá:Mid-West Region Map Ireland 2018.png | 40px]]--> | [[Íomhá:SE Region Ireland 2018.png | 80px]]<!--[[Íomhá:Ireland location map South East.svg | 40px]]--> | [[Íomhá:Ireland location map South West.svg | 80px]] |} === Acrainm === * [[Aicmiú Comhchoiteann na nAonad Críche maidir le Staidreamh|NUTS]] - Acáise * [[Comhordú an Eolais ar an Timpeallacht|CORINE]] - Ceolta * [[CORDIS]] - SeoTaifeach * [[Inter-Active Terminology for Europe|IATE]] - Tighe == Eile == # [[Gníomhaireacht Sábháilteachta Eitlíochta an Aontais Eorpaigh]] # ''[[:en:Authority for European Political Parties and European Political Foundations|Authority for European Political Parties and European Political Foundations]]'' - [[Údarás um Páirtithe Polaitiúla Eorpacha agus um Fhondúireachtaí Polaitiúla Eorpacha]] (2016) # [[Comhlacht na Rialálaithe Eorpacha um Chumarsáid Leictreonach]] (Berec) # ''[[:en:Agency for Support for BEREC|Agency for Support for BEREC]]'' - [[Gníomhaireacht Tacaíochta BEREC]] (2009) # ''[[:en:EU-CyCLONe|EU-CyCLONe]]'' - [[EU-CyCLONe]] (2020) == Gníomhaireacht Sábháilteachta Eitlíochta an Aontais Eorpaigh == | keydocument1 = [https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/GA/TXT/?uri=CELEX:02018R1139-20250525 Rialachán (AE) 2018/1139] ''The '''Gníomhaireacht Sábháilteachta Eitlíochta an Aontais Eorpaigh'''<ref name=iate /> (Béarla: ''European Union Aviation Safety Agency'' ('''EASA''') is an [[Gníomhaireachtaí an Aontais Eorpaigh|agency]] of the [[an Coimisiún Eorpach]] with responsibility for civil [[aviation safety]] in the [[Aontas Eorpach]]. It carries out [[Type certificate|certification]], regulation and standardisation and also performs investigation and monitoring.<ref name=flor />{{rp|§4.3}} It collects and analyses safety data, drafts and advises on safety legislation and co-ordinates with similar organisations in other parts of the world.<ref name=flor />{{rp|§4.3}} ''The idea of a European-level aviation safety authority goes back to 1996, but the agency was legally established only in 2002; it began its work in 2003.<ref name=flor />{{rp|§4.3}} == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = <ref name=iate>{{lua idirlín | url = https://iate.europa.eu/entry/result/3569070/ga | teideal = Téarma: Gníomhaireacht Sábháilteachta Eitlíochta an Aontais Eorpaigh | foilsitheoir = [[IATE]] | dátarochtana = 16-07-2026}}</ref> <ref name=flor>Florin Coman-Kund (2018). [https://pure.eur.nl/en/publications/european-union-agencies-as-global-actors-a-legal-study-of-the-eur/ ''European Union Agencies as Global Actors: A Legal Study of the European Aviation Safety Agency, Frontex and Europol'']. Abingdon, Oxfordshire; New York, New York: Routledge. {{ISBN|9781138293045}}.</ref> }} == Údarás um Páirtithe Polaitiúla Eorpacha agus um Fhondúireachtaí Polaitiúla Eorpacha == {{WD Bosca Sonraí Eagraíochta}} | keydocument1 = [https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2014/1141/oj/eng Rialachán (AE, Euratom) Uimh. 1141/2014] '' An t'''Údarás um Páirtithe Polaitiúla Eorpacha agus um Fhondúireachtaí Polaitiúla Eorpacha'''<ref name=iate /> (Béarla: ''Authority for European Political Parties and European Political Foundations'' ('''APPF''') is a [[Gníomhaireachtaí an Aontais Eorpaigh|body of the European Union]] in charge of registering, controlling and imposing sanctions on [[páirtí polaitiúil Eorpach|páirtithe polaitiúla Eorpacha]] agus [[fondúireacht pholaitiúil Eorpach|fondúireachtaí polaitiúla Eorpacha]]. '' The APPF has offices sa [[an Bhruiséil|Bhruiséil]] agus i [[Strasbourg]]; since 2021, its Director has been Pascal Schonard. == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = <ref name=iate>{{lua idirlín | url = https://iate.europa.eu/entry/result/3644247/ga | teideal = Téarma: ComhlachÚdarás um Páirtithe Polaitiúla Eorpacha agus um Fhondúireachtaí Polaitiúla Eorpachat na Rialálaithe Eorpacha um Chumarsáid Leictreonach | foilsitheoir = [[IATE]] | dátarochtana = 15-07-2026}}</ref> }} {{síol-eu}} {{Gníomhaireachtaí an Aontais Eorpaigh|state=collapsed}} [[Catagóir:Gníomhaireachtaí an Aontais Eorpaigh]] == EU-CyCLONe == '' EU-CyCLONe or '''European Cyber Crisis Liaison Organisation Network''' is a cooperation network for [[European Union]] members to national authorities in charge of cyber crisis management.<ref name=ability /> It was set up as part of the [[NIS 2 Directive]].<ref name=nis2 /> '' It was launched in 2020 and formalised in January 2023.<ref name=cyber-resilience /> The chair rotates with the [[Uachtaránacht ar Chomhairle an Aontais Eorpaigh]].<ref name=cyber-resilience/> '' EU-CyCLONe submits a report assessing its work to the [[Parlaimint na hEorpa]] and [[Comhairle an Aontais Eorpaigh]] every 18 months, starting 17 October 2024.<ref name=cyber-resilience/> == Blue OLEx '' The Blueprint Operational Level Exercise is an annual exercise involving senior cybersecurity officials from EU member states and the [[an Coimisiún Eorpach]], with [[an tAontas Eorpach]] support.<ref name=cyber-resilience/> In 2024 it was hosted in [[an Róimh]] by [[Agenzia per la Cybersicurezza Nazionale]], focused on executive level cooperation, particularly via EU-CyCLONe.<ref name=cyber-resilience/> == Naisc sheachtracha * [https://www.nis-2-directive.com/NIS_2_Directive_Article_14_(Proposal_16.12.2020).html The NIS 2 Directive, The European cyber crises liaison organisation network (EU - CyCLONe)] - Article 14 on EU-CyCLONe * [https://www.nis-2-directive.com/NIS_2_Directive_Article_16.html The NIS 2 Directive, Final Text] - Article 16 on EU-CyCLONe * [https://www.nis-2-directive.com/NIS_2_Directive_Article_17.html The NIS 2 Directive, Final Text] - Article 17, International cooperation == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = <ref name=ability>{{lua idirlín | teideal = EU countries test their ability to cooperate in the event of cyber attacks | url = https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/news/eu-countries-test-their-ability-cooperate-event-cyber-attacks | dáta = 2020-09-29 | dátarochtana = 2025-02-24 | work = [[an Coimisiún Eorpach]]}}</ref> <ref name=nis2>{{lua idirlín | teideal = Europe moves closer to stricter cybersecurity standards, reporting regs | url = https://www.theregister.com/2022/05/17/europe_nis2_cybersecurity_regulations/ | sloinne = Lyons | ainm = Jessica | dáta = 2022-05-17 | dátarochtana = 2025-02-24 | work = [[The Register]]}}</ref> <ref name=cyber-resilience>{{cite news | teideal = EU Ramps Up Cyber Resilience with Major Crisis Simulation Exercise | sloinne = Poireault | ainm = Kevin | dáta = 2024-11-11 | url = https://www.infosecurity-magazine.com/news/eu-cyber-resilience-crisis/ | dátarochtana = 2025-02-24 | work = Infosecurity Magazine}}</ref> }} == Tíreolaíocht == [[Réigiún na Teorann]] === Geografaíocht fhisiceach [[Íomhá:Glencar waterfall01.jpg| thumb | 170px | [[Loch Ghleann an Chairthe|Eas Ghleann an Chairthe]], Liatroim]] '' The region encompasses the entire northwest coast of Ireland along the [[an tAigéan Atlantach]]. Two of Ireland's longest rivers, [[an tSionainn]] and the [[an Éirne]], agus an [[Uiscebhealach na Sionainne is na hÉirne]] eatarthu. Cavan and Monaghan in the east of the region are characterized by a drumlin landscape, with hundreds of loughs interspersed between. [[Loch Aillionn]] in Leitrim is the region's largest lake, at 35 km². '' The west of the region, from [[Teallach Eathach]], County Cavan, to the Atlantic coast is largely rocky and mountainous, with coastal cliffs but also beaches in counties Sligo, Donegal and Leitrim. Leitrim has the smallest coastline of any county, at just 5&nbsp;km in length, while Donegal has the longest, at 1,134&nbsp;km. === Foraoiseacht '' there is a total of 130,345 ha of forest and woodland cover in the Border Region, equating to 11.3% of the region's land area, the national average.<ref name=govagri2017 /> '' Traditionally, the region had a very low cover forest and planting schemes were undertaken by the Department of Agriculture or [[Comhlachtaí státurraithe na hÉireann|comhlachtaí státurraithe]] such as [[Coillte]]. County Leitrim is now Ireland's most forested county at 18.9% forest cover. However, over 50% of Leitrim's forests are in private ownership.<ref name=govagri2006 /> === Aeráid '' Under [[Aicmiú aeráide Köppen]], the region experiences a maritime [[aeráid mheasartha]] [[aeráid aigéanach]], meaning cool winters, mild humid summers, and a lack of temperature extremes. Summer daytime temperatures range between 15°C agus 22°C, rarely going beyond 25°C. While the region generally experiences mild winters, upland areas typically have snow. Humidity is high year round and rainfall ranges from ~1,250&nbsp;mm ([[Marcréidh]], Sligeach) to ~1,000&nbsp;mm ([[Béal Átha hÉis]], Cabhán), evenly distributed throughout the year. <ref name=metclimate /> === Geolaíocht [[Íomhá: Benbulben2.jpg | thumb | 200px | [[Binn Ghulbain]], Contae Shligigh]] '' There are many large mountain ranges and high sea cliffs in the region, such as the [[Sléibhte Dhoire Bheatha]], [[Sliabh Liag]], the [[Binn Chuilceach]] agus [[Binn Ghulbain]]. The region is generally underlain by [[an tOrdaivíseach]] and [[an Siolúrach]] sceallaí agus gréabhacaí, laid down 417-495 million years ago. These are found in eastern Cavan and Monaghan. The bedrock of western Cavan, Leitrim and Sligo is composed mostly of [[carbónmhar]] limestones that were laid roughly 355 million years ago. However, a 1.5 billion year old narrow strip of metamorphosed gneisses extend across Sligo near [[Sliabh Gamh]].<ref name=geocavan /><ref name=geosligo /> '' County Donegal has one of the most complex geologies in Ireland. Much of the county is underlain by [[Réamhchaimbriach]] gneiss, schist and quartzite, laid down during the Grenvillian Orogeny 700 million years ago. The Border Region's highest point, [[An Earagail]], at 751 m, is composed of Precambrian quartzite. '' Ireland's oldest rocks, laid down 1.78 billion years ago, are found on the island of [[Inis Trá Tholl]].<ref name=gsi /> Inis Trá Tholl is Ireland's most northerly island, located approximately 10&nbsp;km north of [[Cionn Mhálanna]], mainland Ireland's most northerly point. '' [[Loch Súilí]] in Donegal is one of Ireland's three fjords. == Buntásc == __NOINDEX__ __NOTOC__ 03udblspoln8es2nz9pfgn6sgvjhwha 1320718 1320717 2026-07-16T07:06:16Z Marcas.oduinn 33120 /* Údarás um Páirtithe Polaitiúla Eorpacha agus um Fhondúireachtaí Polaitiúla Eorpacha */ 1320718 wikitext text/x-wiki == Ceanntásc == (an t)Údarás um..., (an) G(h)níomhaireacht um... (an) Comhbheartas Talmhaíochta. Cé acu sa teideal? Féach: * [http://www.gaois.ie gaois.ie]. * ''Wikidata list'' [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Wikidata list/Contaetha na hÉireann#Réigiún na hÉireann|Réigiúin na hÉireann]]. === Réigiún === {| class="wikitable" style="width:100%; vertical-align:top;" ! style="width:50%;" | Réigiúin ! style="width:50%;" | Réigiúin NUTS |- | style="text-align:center" | [[Íomhá:IrelandRegions.png | center]] | align=center | [[Íomhá:NUTS3 Boundaries Ireland.png | center]] |- | style="vertical-align:top;" | Réigiúin na hÉireann: * (A) Tuaisceart * (B) Iarthar * (C) Iardheisceart * (D) Oirdheisceart * (E) Oirthear [BÁC] * (F) [[Lár na Tíre (Éire)]] | style="vertical-align:top;" | '''Réigiúin''' NUTS 3 na hÉireann: * [[Réigiún na Teorann|Teorainn]] * [[Réigiún an Iarthair|Iarthar]] * [[Réigiún Lár na Tíre|Lár na Tíre]] * [[Réigiún an Lár-Oirthir|Lár-Oirthear]] * [[Réigiún Bhaile Átha Cliath|Baile Átha Cliath]] * [[Réigiún an Lár-Iarthair|Lár-Iarthar]] * [[Réigiún an Oirdheiscirt|Oirdheisceart]] * [[Réigiún an Iardheiscirt|Iardheisceart]] |} {| |- | [[Íomhá:Newborderregionboundary.png | 80px]]<!--[[Íomhá:Ireland location map Border region.svg | 40px]]--> | [[Íomhá:Ireland location map West region.svg | 80px]] | [[Íomhá:Ireland location map Midlands.svg | 80px]] | [[Íomhá:Mid East Ireland 2018.png | 80px]]<!--[[Íomhá:Ireland location map Mid-East.svg | 40px]]--> | [[Íomhá:Island_of_Ireland_location_map_Dublin.svg | 80px]] | [[Íomhá:Mid-West Region Map Ireland 2018.png | 80px]]<!--[[Íomhá:Mid-West Region Map Ireland 2018.png | 40px]]--> | [[Íomhá:SE Region Ireland 2018.png | 80px]]<!--[[Íomhá:Ireland location map South East.svg | 40px]]--> | [[Íomhá:Ireland location map South West.svg | 80px]] |} === Acrainm === * [[Aicmiú Comhchoiteann na nAonad Críche maidir le Staidreamh|NUTS]] - Acáise * [[Comhordú an Eolais ar an Timpeallacht|CORINE]] - Ceolta * [[CORDIS]] - SeoTaifeach * [[Inter-Active Terminology for Europe|IATE]] - Tighe == Eile == # [[Gníomhaireacht Sábháilteachta Eitlíochta an Aontais Eorpaigh]] # ''[[:en:Authority for European Political Parties and European Political Foundations|Authority for European Political Parties and European Political Foundations]]'' - [[Údarás um Páirtithe Polaitiúla Eorpacha agus um Fhondúireachtaí Polaitiúla Eorpacha]] (2016) # [[Comhlacht na Rialálaithe Eorpacha um Chumarsáid Leictreonach]] (Berec) # ''[[:en:Agency for Support for BEREC|Agency for Support for BEREC]]'' - [[Gníomhaireacht Tacaíochta BEREC]] (2009) # ''[[:en:EU-CyCLONe|EU-CyCLONe]]'' - [[EU-CyCLONe]] (2020) == Gníomhaireacht Sábháilteachta Eitlíochta an Aontais Eorpaigh == | keydocument1 = [https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/GA/TXT/?uri=CELEX:02018R1139-20250525 Rialachán (AE) 2018/1139] ''The '''Gníomhaireacht Sábháilteachta Eitlíochta an Aontais Eorpaigh'''<ref name=iate /> (Béarla: ''European Union Aviation Safety Agency'' ('''EASA''') is an [[Gníomhaireachtaí an Aontais Eorpaigh|agency]] of the [[an Coimisiún Eorpach]] with responsibility for civil [[aviation safety]] in the [[Aontas Eorpach]]. It carries out [[Type certificate|certification]], regulation and standardisation and also performs investigation and monitoring.<ref name=flor />{{rp|§4.3}} It collects and analyses safety data, drafts and advises on safety legislation and co-ordinates with similar organisations in other parts of the world.<ref name=flor />{{rp|§4.3}} ''The idea of a European-level aviation safety authority goes back to 1996, but the agency was legally established only in 2002; it began its work in 2003.<ref name=flor />{{rp|§4.3}} == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = <ref name=iate>{{lua idirlín | url = https://iate.europa.eu/entry/result/3569070/ga | teideal = Téarma: Gníomhaireacht Sábháilteachta Eitlíochta an Aontais Eorpaigh | foilsitheoir = [[IATE]] | dátarochtana = 16-07-2026}}</ref> <ref name=flor>Florin Coman-Kund (2018). [https://pure.eur.nl/en/publications/european-union-agencies-as-global-actors-a-legal-study-of-the-eur/ ''European Union Agencies as Global Actors: A Legal Study of the European Aviation Safety Agency, Frontex and Europol'']. Abingdon, Oxfordshire; New York, New York: Routledge. {{ISBN|9781138293045}}.</ref> }} == Údarás um Páirtithe Polaitiúla Eorpacha agus um Fhondúireachtaí Polaitiúla Eorpacha == {{WD Bosca Sonraí Eagraíochta}} | keydocument1 = [https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2014/1141/oj/eng Rialachán (AE, Euratom) Uimh. 1141/2014] '' An t'''Údarás um Páirtithe Polaitiúla Eorpacha agus um Fhondúireachtaí Polaitiúla Eorpacha'''<ref name=iate /> (Béarla: ''Authority for European Political Parties and European Political Foundations'' ('''APPF''') is a [[Gníomhaireachtaí an Aontais Eorpaigh|body of the European Union]] in charge of registering, controlling and imposing sanctions on [[páirtí polaitiúil Eorpach|páirtithe polaitiúla Eorpacha]] agus [[fondúireacht pholaitiúil Eorpach|fondúireachtaí polaitiúla Eorpacha]]. '' The APPF has offices sa [[an Bhruiséil|Bhruiséil]] agus i [[Strasbourg]]; since 2021, its Director has been Pascal Schonard. == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = <ref name=iate>{{lua idirlín | url = https://iate.europa.eu/entry/result/3644247/ga | teideal = Téarma: ComhlachÚdarás um Páirtithe Polaitiúla Eorpacha agus um Fhondúireachtaí Polaitiúla Eorpachat na Rialálaithe Eorpacha um Chumarsáid Leictreonach | foilsitheoir = [[IATE]] | dátarochtana = 15-07-2026}}</ref> }} {{síol-eu}} {{Gníomhaireachtaí an Aontais Eorpaigh|state=collapsed}} [[Catagóir:Gníomhaireachtaí an Aontais Eorpaigh]] == Comhlacht na Rialálaithe Eorpacha um Chumarsáid Leictreonach == {{WD Bosca Sonraí Eagraíochta}} keydocument1 = [https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/GA/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32018R1971 Rialachán (AE) 2018/1971] '' The '''Comhlacht na Rialálaithe Eorpacha um Chumarsáid Leictreonach'''<ref name=iate /> (Béarla: ''Body of European Regulators for Electronic Communications'' ('''BEREC''')) is the body in which the regulators of the telecommunications markets in the [[an tAontas Eorpach]] work together.<ref name=UIA /> Other participants include representatives of the [[an Coimisiún Eorpach]], as well as telecommunication regulators from the member states of the [[Limistéar Eorpach Eacnamaíoch|LEE]] and of states that are in the process of joining the EU. == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = <ref name=iate>{{lua idirlín | url = https://iate.europa.eu/entry/result/3500516/ga | teideal = Téarma: Comhlacht na Rialálaithe Eorpacha um Chumarsáid Leictreonach | foilsitheoir = [[IATE]] | dátarochtana = 15-07-2026}}</ref> <ref name=UIA>{{lua idirlín | url = https://uia.org/s/or/en/1100015682 | teideal = Body of European Regulators for Electronic Communications (BEREC) | bliain = 2024 | department=UIA Global Civil Society Database | work = uia.org | foilsitheoir = [[Union of International Associations]]}}</ref> }} == EU-CyCLONe == '' EU-CyCLONe or '''European Cyber Crisis Liaison Organisation Network''' is a cooperation network for [[European Union]] members to national authorities in charge of cyber crisis management.<ref name=ability /> It was set up as part of the [[NIS 2 Directive]].<ref name=nis2 /> '' It was launched in 2020 and formalised in January 2023.<ref name=cyber-resilience /> The chair rotates with the [[Uachtaránacht ar Chomhairle an Aontais Eorpaigh]].<ref name=cyber-resilience/> '' EU-CyCLONe submits a report assessing its work to the [[Parlaimint na hEorpa]] and [[Comhairle an Aontais Eorpaigh]] every 18 months, starting 17 October 2024.<ref name=cyber-resilience/> == Blue OLEx '' The Blueprint Operational Level Exercise is an annual exercise involving senior cybersecurity officials from EU member states and the [[an Coimisiún Eorpach]], with [[an tAontas Eorpach]] support.<ref name=cyber-resilience/> In 2024 it was hosted in [[an Róimh]] by [[Agenzia per la Cybersicurezza Nazionale]], focused on executive level cooperation, particularly via EU-CyCLONe.<ref name=cyber-resilience/> == Naisc sheachtracha * [https://www.nis-2-directive.com/NIS_2_Directive_Article_14_(Proposal_16.12.2020).html The NIS 2 Directive, The European cyber crises liaison organisation network (EU - CyCLONe)] - Article 14 on EU-CyCLONe * [https://www.nis-2-directive.com/NIS_2_Directive_Article_16.html The NIS 2 Directive, Final Text] - Article 16 on EU-CyCLONe * [https://www.nis-2-directive.com/NIS_2_Directive_Article_17.html The NIS 2 Directive, Final Text] - Article 17, International cooperation == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = <ref name=ability>{{lua idirlín | teideal = EU countries test their ability to cooperate in the event of cyber attacks | url = https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/news/eu-countries-test-their-ability-cooperate-event-cyber-attacks | dáta = 2020-09-29 | dátarochtana = 2025-02-24 | work = [[an Coimisiún Eorpach]]}}</ref> <ref name=nis2>{{lua idirlín | teideal = Europe moves closer to stricter cybersecurity standards, reporting regs | url = https://www.theregister.com/2022/05/17/europe_nis2_cybersecurity_regulations/ | sloinne = Lyons | ainm = Jessica | dáta = 2022-05-17 | dátarochtana = 2025-02-24 | work = [[The Register]]}}</ref> <ref name=cyber-resilience>{{cite news | teideal = EU Ramps Up Cyber Resilience with Major Crisis Simulation Exercise | sloinne = Poireault | ainm = Kevin | dáta = 2024-11-11 | url = https://www.infosecurity-magazine.com/news/eu-cyber-resilience-crisis/ | dátarochtana = 2025-02-24 | work = Infosecurity Magazine}}</ref> }} == Tíreolaíocht == [[Réigiún na Teorann]] === Geografaíocht fhisiceach [[Íomhá:Glencar waterfall01.jpg| thumb | 170px | [[Loch Ghleann an Chairthe|Eas Ghleann an Chairthe]], Liatroim]] '' The region encompasses the entire northwest coast of Ireland along the [[an tAigéan Atlantach]]. Two of Ireland's longest rivers, [[an tSionainn]] and the [[an Éirne]], agus an [[Uiscebhealach na Sionainne is na hÉirne]] eatarthu. Cavan and Monaghan in the east of the region are characterized by a drumlin landscape, with hundreds of loughs interspersed between. [[Loch Aillionn]] in Leitrim is the region's largest lake, at 35 km². '' The west of the region, from [[Teallach Eathach]], County Cavan, to the Atlantic coast is largely rocky and mountainous, with coastal cliffs but also beaches in counties Sligo, Donegal and Leitrim. Leitrim has the smallest coastline of any county, at just 5&nbsp;km in length, while Donegal has the longest, at 1,134&nbsp;km. === Foraoiseacht '' there is a total of 130,345 ha of forest and woodland cover in the Border Region, equating to 11.3% of the region's land area, the national average.<ref name=govagri2017 /> '' Traditionally, the region had a very low cover forest and planting schemes were undertaken by the Department of Agriculture or [[Comhlachtaí státurraithe na hÉireann|comhlachtaí státurraithe]] such as [[Coillte]]. County Leitrim is now Ireland's most forested county at 18.9% forest cover. However, over 50% of Leitrim's forests are in private ownership.<ref name=govagri2006 /> === Aeráid '' Under [[Aicmiú aeráide Köppen]], the region experiences a maritime [[aeráid mheasartha]] [[aeráid aigéanach]], meaning cool winters, mild humid summers, and a lack of temperature extremes. Summer daytime temperatures range between 15°C agus 22°C, rarely going beyond 25°C. While the region generally experiences mild winters, upland areas typically have snow. Humidity is high year round and rainfall ranges from ~1,250&nbsp;mm ([[Marcréidh]], Sligeach) to ~1,000&nbsp;mm ([[Béal Átha hÉis]], Cabhán), evenly distributed throughout the year. <ref name=metclimate /> === Geolaíocht [[Íomhá: Benbulben2.jpg | thumb | 200px | [[Binn Ghulbain]], Contae Shligigh]] '' There are many large mountain ranges and high sea cliffs in the region, such as the [[Sléibhte Dhoire Bheatha]], [[Sliabh Liag]], the [[Binn Chuilceach]] agus [[Binn Ghulbain]]. The region is generally underlain by [[an tOrdaivíseach]] and [[an Siolúrach]] sceallaí agus gréabhacaí, laid down 417-495 million years ago. These are found in eastern Cavan and Monaghan. The bedrock of western Cavan, Leitrim and Sligo is composed mostly of [[carbónmhar]] limestones that were laid roughly 355 million years ago. However, a 1.5 billion year old narrow strip of metamorphosed gneisses extend across Sligo near [[Sliabh Gamh]].<ref name=geocavan /><ref name=geosligo /> '' County Donegal has one of the most complex geologies in Ireland. Much of the county is underlain by [[Réamhchaimbriach]] gneiss, schist and quartzite, laid down during the Grenvillian Orogeny 700 million years ago. The Border Region's highest point, [[An Earagail]], at 751 m, is composed of Precambrian quartzite. '' Ireland's oldest rocks, laid down 1.78 billion years ago, are found on the island of [[Inis Trá Tholl]].<ref name=gsi /> Inis Trá Tholl is Ireland's most northerly island, located approximately 10&nbsp;km north of [[Cionn Mhálanna]], mainland Ireland's most northerly point. '' [[Loch Súilí]] in Donegal is one of Ireland's three fjords. == Buntásc == __NOINDEX__ __NOTOC__ amabl4nq301u1h60mb4q5fzlk0awwqs 1320719 1320718 2026-07-16T07:33:20Z Marcas.oduinn 33120 /* Eile */ 1320719 wikitext text/x-wiki == Ceanntásc == (an t)Údarás um..., (an) G(h)níomhaireacht um... (an) Comhbheartas Talmhaíochta. Cé acu sa teideal? Féach: * [http://www.gaois.ie gaois.ie]. * ''Wikidata list'' [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Wikidata list/Contaetha na hÉireann#Réigiún na hÉireann|Réigiúin na hÉireann]]. === Réigiún === {| class="wikitable" style="width:100%; vertical-align:top;" ! style="width:50%;" | Réigiúin ! style="width:50%;" | Réigiúin NUTS |- | style="text-align:center" | [[Íomhá:IrelandRegions.png | center]] | align=center | [[Íomhá:NUTS3 Boundaries Ireland.png | center]] |- | style="vertical-align:top;" | Réigiúin na hÉireann: * (A) Tuaisceart * (B) Iarthar * (C) Iardheisceart * (D) Oirdheisceart * (E) Oirthear [BÁC] * (F) [[Lár na Tíre (Éire)]] | style="vertical-align:top;" | '''Réigiúin''' NUTS 3 na hÉireann: * [[Réigiún na Teorann|Teorainn]] * [[Réigiún an Iarthair|Iarthar]] * [[Réigiún Lár na Tíre|Lár na Tíre]] * [[Réigiún an Lár-Oirthir|Lár-Oirthear]] * [[Réigiún Bhaile Átha Cliath|Baile Átha Cliath]] * [[Réigiún an Lár-Iarthair|Lár-Iarthar]] * [[Réigiún an Oirdheiscirt|Oirdheisceart]] * [[Réigiún an Iardheiscirt|Iardheisceart]] |} {| |- | [[Íomhá:Newborderregionboundary.png | 80px]]<!--[[Íomhá:Ireland location map Border region.svg | 40px]]--> | [[Íomhá:Ireland location map West region.svg | 80px]] | [[Íomhá:Ireland location map Midlands.svg | 80px]] | [[Íomhá:Mid East Ireland 2018.png | 80px]]<!--[[Íomhá:Ireland location map Mid-East.svg | 40px]]--> | [[Íomhá:Island_of_Ireland_location_map_Dublin.svg | 80px]] | [[Íomhá:Mid-West Region Map Ireland 2018.png | 80px]]<!--[[Íomhá:Mid-West Region Map Ireland 2018.png | 40px]]--> | [[Íomhá:SE Region Ireland 2018.png | 80px]]<!--[[Íomhá:Ireland location map South East.svg | 40px]]--> | [[Íomhá:Ireland location map South West.svg | 80px]] |} === Acrainm === * [[Aicmiú Comhchoiteann na nAonad Críche maidir le Staidreamh|NUTS]] - Acáise * [[Comhordú an Eolais ar an Timpeallacht|CORINE]] - Ceolta * [[CORDIS]] - SeoTaifeach * [[Inter-Active Terminology for Europe|IATE]] - Tighe == Eile == # [[Gníomhaireacht Sábháilteachta Eitlíochta an Aontais Eorpaigh]] # ''[[:en:Authority for European Political Parties and European Political Foundations|Authority for European Political Parties and European Political Foundations]]'' - [[Údarás um Páirtithe Polaitiúla Eorpacha agus um Fhondúireachtaí Polaitiúla Eorpacha]] (2016) # ''[[:en:Body of European Regulators for Electronic Communications]]'' - [[Comhlacht na Rialálaithe Eorpacha um Chumarsáid Leictreonach]] (BEREC) (2009) &leftarrow; (BEREC Office) - [[Gníomhaireacht Tacaíochta BEREC]] (2018) # ''[[:en:EU-CyCLONe|EU-CyCLONe]]'' - [[EU-CyCLONe]] (2020) == Gníomhaireacht Sábháilteachta Eitlíochta an Aontais Eorpaigh == | keydocument1 = [https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/GA/TXT/?uri=CELEX:02018R1139-20250525 Rialachán (AE) 2018/1139] ''The '''Gníomhaireacht Sábháilteachta Eitlíochta an Aontais Eorpaigh'''<ref name=iate /> (Béarla: ''European Union Aviation Safety Agency'' ('''EASA''') is an [[Gníomhaireachtaí an Aontais Eorpaigh|agency]] of the [[an Coimisiún Eorpach]] with responsibility for civil [[aviation safety]] in the [[Aontas Eorpach]]. It carries out [[Type certificate|certification]], regulation and standardisation and also performs investigation and monitoring.<ref name=flor />{{rp|§4.3}} It collects and analyses safety data, drafts and advises on safety legislation and co-ordinates with similar organisations in other parts of the world.<ref name=flor />{{rp|§4.3}} ''The idea of a European-level aviation safety authority goes back to 1996, but the agency was legally established only in 2002; it began its work in 2003.<ref name=flor />{{rp|§4.3}} == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = <ref name=iate>{{lua idirlín | url = https://iate.europa.eu/entry/result/3569070/ga | teideal = Téarma: Gníomhaireacht Sábháilteachta Eitlíochta an Aontais Eorpaigh | foilsitheoir = [[IATE]] | dátarochtana = 16-07-2026}}</ref> <ref name=flor>Florin Coman-Kund (2018). [https://pure.eur.nl/en/publications/european-union-agencies-as-global-actors-a-legal-study-of-the-eur/ ''European Union Agencies as Global Actors: A Legal Study of the European Aviation Safety Agency, Frontex and Europol'']. Abingdon, Oxfordshire; New York, New York: Routledge. {{ISBN|9781138293045}}.</ref> }} == Údarás um Páirtithe Polaitiúla Eorpacha agus um Fhondúireachtaí Polaitiúla Eorpacha == {{WD Bosca Sonraí Eagraíochta}} | keydocument1 = [https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2014/1141/oj/eng Rialachán (AE, Euratom) Uimh. 1141/2014] '' An t'''Údarás um Páirtithe Polaitiúla Eorpacha agus um Fhondúireachtaí Polaitiúla Eorpacha'''<ref name=iate /> (Béarla: ''Authority for European Political Parties and European Political Foundations'' ('''APPF''') is a [[Gníomhaireachtaí an Aontais Eorpaigh|body of the European Union]] in charge of registering, controlling and imposing sanctions on [[páirtí polaitiúil Eorpach|páirtithe polaitiúla Eorpacha]] agus [[fondúireacht pholaitiúil Eorpach|fondúireachtaí polaitiúla Eorpacha]]. '' The APPF has offices sa [[an Bhruiséil|Bhruiséil]] agus i [[Strasbourg]]; since 2021, its Director has been Pascal Schonard. == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = <ref name=iate>{{lua idirlín | url = https://iate.europa.eu/entry/result/3644247/ga | teideal = Téarma: ComhlachÚdarás um Páirtithe Polaitiúla Eorpacha agus um Fhondúireachtaí Polaitiúla Eorpachat na Rialálaithe Eorpacha um Chumarsáid Leictreonach | foilsitheoir = [[IATE]] | dátarochtana = 15-07-2026}}</ref> }} {{síol-eu}} {{Gníomhaireachtaí an Aontais Eorpaigh|state=collapsed}} [[Catagóir:Gníomhaireachtaí an Aontais Eorpaigh]] == Comhlacht na Rialálaithe Eorpacha um Chumarsáid Leictreonach == {{WD Bosca Sonraí Eagraíochta}} keydocument1 = [https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/GA/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32018R1971 Rialachán (AE) 2018/1971] '' The '''Comhlacht na Rialálaithe Eorpacha um Chumarsáid Leictreonach'''<ref name=iate /> (Béarla: ''Body of European Regulators for Electronic Communications'' ('''BEREC''')) is the body in which the regulators of the telecommunications markets in the [[an tAontas Eorpach]] work together.<ref name=UIA /> Other participants include representatives of the [[an Coimisiún Eorpach]], as well as telecommunication regulators from the member states of the [[Limistéar Eorpach Eacnamaíoch|LEE]] and of states that are in the process of joining the EU. == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = <ref name=iate>{{lua idirlín | url = https://iate.europa.eu/entry/result/3500516/ga | teideal = Téarma: Comhlacht na Rialálaithe Eorpacha um Chumarsáid Leictreonach | foilsitheoir = [[IATE]] | dátarochtana = 15-07-2026}}</ref> <ref name=UIA>{{lua idirlín | url = https://uia.org/s/or/en/1100015682 | teideal = Body of European Regulators for Electronic Communications (BEREC) | bliain = 2024 | department=UIA Global Civil Society Database | work = uia.org | foilsitheoir = [[Union of International Associations]]}}</ref> }} == EU-CyCLONe == '' EU-CyCLONe or '''European Cyber Crisis Liaison Organisation Network''' is a cooperation network for [[European Union]] members to national authorities in charge of cyber crisis management.<ref name=ability /> It was set up as part of the [[NIS 2 Directive]].<ref name=nis2 /> '' It was launched in 2020 and formalised in January 2023.<ref name=cyber-resilience /> The chair rotates with the [[Uachtaránacht ar Chomhairle an Aontais Eorpaigh]].<ref name=cyber-resilience/> '' EU-CyCLONe submits a report assessing its work to the [[Parlaimint na hEorpa]] and [[Comhairle an Aontais Eorpaigh]] every 18 months, starting 17 October 2024.<ref name=cyber-resilience/> == Blue OLEx '' The Blueprint Operational Level Exercise is an annual exercise involving senior cybersecurity officials from EU member states and the [[an Coimisiún Eorpach]], with [[an tAontas Eorpach]] support.<ref name=cyber-resilience/> In 2024 it was hosted in [[an Róimh]] by [[Agenzia per la Cybersicurezza Nazionale]], focused on executive level cooperation, particularly via EU-CyCLONe.<ref name=cyber-resilience/> == Naisc sheachtracha * [https://www.nis-2-directive.com/NIS_2_Directive_Article_14_(Proposal_16.12.2020).html The NIS 2 Directive, The European cyber crises liaison organisation network (EU - CyCLONe)] - Article 14 on EU-CyCLONe * [https://www.nis-2-directive.com/NIS_2_Directive_Article_16.html The NIS 2 Directive, Final Text] - Article 16 on EU-CyCLONe * [https://www.nis-2-directive.com/NIS_2_Directive_Article_17.html The NIS 2 Directive, Final Text] - Article 17, International cooperation == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = <ref name=ability>{{lua idirlín | teideal = EU countries test their ability to cooperate in the event of cyber attacks | url = https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/news/eu-countries-test-their-ability-cooperate-event-cyber-attacks | dáta = 2020-09-29 | dátarochtana = 2025-02-24 | work = [[an Coimisiún Eorpach]]}}</ref> <ref name=nis2>{{lua idirlín | teideal = Europe moves closer to stricter cybersecurity standards, reporting regs | url = https://www.theregister.com/2022/05/17/europe_nis2_cybersecurity_regulations/ | sloinne = Lyons | ainm = Jessica | dáta = 2022-05-17 | dátarochtana = 2025-02-24 | work = [[The Register]]}}</ref> <ref name=cyber-resilience>{{cite news | teideal = EU Ramps Up Cyber Resilience with Major Crisis Simulation Exercise | sloinne = Poireault | ainm = Kevin | dáta = 2024-11-11 | url = https://www.infosecurity-magazine.com/news/eu-cyber-resilience-crisis/ | dátarochtana = 2025-02-24 | work = Infosecurity Magazine}}</ref> }} == Tíreolaíocht == [[Réigiún na Teorann]] === Geografaíocht fhisiceach [[Íomhá:Glencar waterfall01.jpg| thumb | 170px | [[Loch Ghleann an Chairthe|Eas Ghleann an Chairthe]], Liatroim]] '' The region encompasses the entire northwest coast of Ireland along the [[an tAigéan Atlantach]]. Two of Ireland's longest rivers, [[an tSionainn]] and the [[an Éirne]], agus an [[Uiscebhealach na Sionainne is na hÉirne]] eatarthu. Cavan and Monaghan in the east of the region are characterized by a drumlin landscape, with hundreds of loughs interspersed between. [[Loch Aillionn]] in Leitrim is the region's largest lake, at 35 km². '' The west of the region, from [[Teallach Eathach]], County Cavan, to the Atlantic coast is largely rocky and mountainous, with coastal cliffs but also beaches in counties Sligo, Donegal and Leitrim. Leitrim has the smallest coastline of any county, at just 5&nbsp;km in length, while Donegal has the longest, at 1,134&nbsp;km. === Foraoiseacht '' there is a total of 130,345 ha of forest and woodland cover in the Border Region, equating to 11.3% of the region's land area, the national average.<ref name=govagri2017 /> '' Traditionally, the region had a very low cover forest and planting schemes were undertaken by the Department of Agriculture or [[Comhlachtaí státurraithe na hÉireann|comhlachtaí státurraithe]] such as [[Coillte]]. County Leitrim is now Ireland's most forested county at 18.9% forest cover. However, over 50% of Leitrim's forests are in private ownership.<ref name=govagri2006 /> === Aeráid '' Under [[Aicmiú aeráide Köppen]], the region experiences a maritime [[aeráid mheasartha]] [[aeráid aigéanach]], meaning cool winters, mild humid summers, and a lack of temperature extremes. Summer daytime temperatures range between 15°C agus 22°C, rarely going beyond 25°C. While the region generally experiences mild winters, upland areas typically have snow. Humidity is high year round and rainfall ranges from ~1,250&nbsp;mm ([[Marcréidh]], Sligeach) to ~1,000&nbsp;mm ([[Béal Átha hÉis]], Cabhán), evenly distributed throughout the year. <ref name=metclimate /> === Geolaíocht [[Íomhá: Benbulben2.jpg | thumb | 200px | [[Binn Ghulbain]], Contae Shligigh]] '' There are many large mountain ranges and high sea cliffs in the region, such as the [[Sléibhte Dhoire Bheatha]], [[Sliabh Liag]], the [[Binn Chuilceach]] agus [[Binn Ghulbain]]. The region is generally underlain by [[an tOrdaivíseach]] and [[an Siolúrach]] sceallaí agus gréabhacaí, laid down 417-495 million years ago. These are found in eastern Cavan and Monaghan. The bedrock of western Cavan, Leitrim and Sligo is composed mostly of [[carbónmhar]] limestones that were laid roughly 355 million years ago. However, a 1.5 billion year old narrow strip of metamorphosed gneisses extend across Sligo near [[Sliabh Gamh]].<ref name=geocavan /><ref name=geosligo /> '' County Donegal has one of the most complex geologies in Ireland. Much of the county is underlain by [[Réamhchaimbriach]] gneiss, schist and quartzite, laid down during the Grenvillian Orogeny 700 million years ago. The Border Region's highest point, [[An Earagail]], at 751 m, is composed of Precambrian quartzite. '' Ireland's oldest rocks, laid down 1.78 billion years ago, are found on the island of [[Inis Trá Tholl]].<ref name=gsi /> Inis Trá Tholl is Ireland's most northerly island, located approximately 10&nbsp;km north of [[Cionn Mhálanna]], mainland Ireland's most northerly point. '' [[Loch Súilí]] in Donegal is one of Ireland's three fjords. == Buntásc == __NOINDEX__ __NOTOC__ bzq1oqpgod78prysupr4vshayn0ufy8 1320720 1320719 2026-07-16T07:34:44Z Marcas.oduinn 33120 /* Eile */ 1320720 wikitext text/x-wiki == Ceanntásc == (an t)Údarás um..., (an) G(h)níomhaireacht um... (an) Comhbheartas Talmhaíochta. Cé acu sa teideal? Féach: * [http://www.gaois.ie gaois.ie]. * ''Wikidata list'' [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Wikidata list/Contaetha na hÉireann#Réigiún na hÉireann|Réigiúin na hÉireann]]. === Réigiún === {| class="wikitable" style="width:100%; vertical-align:top;" ! style="width:50%;" | Réigiúin ! style="width:50%;" | Réigiúin NUTS |- | style="text-align:center" | [[Íomhá:IrelandRegions.png | center]] | align=center | [[Íomhá:NUTS3 Boundaries Ireland.png | center]] |- | style="vertical-align:top;" | Réigiúin na hÉireann: * (A) Tuaisceart * (B) Iarthar * (C) Iardheisceart * (D) Oirdheisceart * (E) Oirthear [BÁC] * (F) [[Lár na Tíre (Éire)]] | style="vertical-align:top;" | '''Réigiúin''' NUTS 3 na hÉireann: * [[Réigiún na Teorann|Teorainn]] * [[Réigiún an Iarthair|Iarthar]] * [[Réigiún Lár na Tíre|Lár na Tíre]] * [[Réigiún an Lár-Oirthir|Lár-Oirthear]] * [[Réigiún Bhaile Átha Cliath|Baile Átha Cliath]] * [[Réigiún an Lár-Iarthair|Lár-Iarthar]] * [[Réigiún an Oirdheiscirt|Oirdheisceart]] * [[Réigiún an Iardheiscirt|Iardheisceart]] |} {| |- | [[Íomhá:Newborderregionboundary.png | 80px]]<!--[[Íomhá:Ireland location map Border region.svg | 40px]]--> | [[Íomhá:Ireland location map West region.svg | 80px]] | [[Íomhá:Ireland location map Midlands.svg | 80px]] | [[Íomhá:Mid East Ireland 2018.png | 80px]]<!--[[Íomhá:Ireland location map Mid-East.svg | 40px]]--> | [[Íomhá:Island_of_Ireland_location_map_Dublin.svg | 80px]] | [[Íomhá:Mid-West Region Map Ireland 2018.png | 80px]]<!--[[Íomhá:Mid-West Region Map Ireland 2018.png | 40px]]--> | [[Íomhá:SE Region Ireland 2018.png | 80px]]<!--[[Íomhá:Ireland location map South East.svg | 40px]]--> | [[Íomhá:Ireland location map South West.svg | 80px]] |} === Acrainm === * [[Aicmiú Comhchoiteann na nAonad Críche maidir le Staidreamh|NUTS]] - Acáise * [[Comhordú an Eolais ar an Timpeallacht|CORINE]] - Ceolta * [[CORDIS]] - SeoTaifeach * [[Inter-Active Terminology for Europe|IATE]] - Tighe == Eile == # ''[[en:European Union Aviation Safety Agency|European Union Aviation Safety Agency]]'' - [[Gníomhaireacht Sábháilteachta Eitlíochta an Aontais Eorpaigh]] # ''[[:en:Authority for European Political Parties and European Political Foundations|Authority for European Political Parties and European Political Foundations]]'' - [[Údarás um Páirtithe Polaitiúla Eorpacha agus um Fhondúireachtaí Polaitiúla Eorpacha]] (2016) # ''[[en:Body of European Regulators for Electronic Communications|Body of European Regulators for Electronic Communications]]'' - [[Comhlacht na Rialálaithe Eorpacha um Chumarsáid Leictreonach]] (BEREC) (2009) &leftarrow; (BEREC Office) - [[Gníomhaireacht Tacaíochta BEREC]] (2018) # ''[[:en:EU-CyCLONe|EU-CyCLONe]]'' - [[EU-CyCLONe]] (2020) == Gníomhaireacht Sábháilteachta Eitlíochta an Aontais Eorpaigh == | keydocument1 = [https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/GA/TXT/?uri=CELEX:02018R1139-20250525 Rialachán (AE) 2018/1139] ''The '''Gníomhaireacht Sábháilteachta Eitlíochta an Aontais Eorpaigh'''<ref name=iate /> (Béarla: ''European Union Aviation Safety Agency'' ('''EASA''') is an [[Gníomhaireachtaí an Aontais Eorpaigh|agency]] of the [[an Coimisiún Eorpach]] with responsibility for civil [[aviation safety]] in the [[Aontas Eorpach]]. It carries out [[Type certificate|certification]], regulation and standardisation and also performs investigation and monitoring.<ref name=flor />{{rp|§4.3}} It collects and analyses safety data, drafts and advises on safety legislation and co-ordinates with similar organisations in other parts of the world.<ref name=flor />{{rp|§4.3}} ''The idea of a European-level aviation safety authority goes back to 1996, but the agency was legally established only in 2002; it began its work in 2003.<ref name=flor />{{rp|§4.3}} == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = <ref name=iate>{{lua idirlín | url = https://iate.europa.eu/entry/result/3569070/ga | teideal = Téarma: Gníomhaireacht Sábháilteachta Eitlíochta an Aontais Eorpaigh | foilsitheoir = [[IATE]] | dátarochtana = 16-07-2026}}</ref> <ref name=flor>Florin Coman-Kund (2018). [https://pure.eur.nl/en/publications/european-union-agencies-as-global-actors-a-legal-study-of-the-eur/ ''European Union Agencies as Global Actors: A Legal Study of the European Aviation Safety Agency, Frontex and Europol'']. Abingdon, Oxfordshire; New York, New York: Routledge. {{ISBN|9781138293045}}.</ref> }} == Údarás um Páirtithe Polaitiúla Eorpacha agus um Fhondúireachtaí Polaitiúla Eorpacha == {{WD Bosca Sonraí Eagraíochta}} | keydocument1 = [https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2014/1141/oj/eng Rialachán (AE, Euratom) Uimh. 1141/2014] '' An t'''Údarás um Páirtithe Polaitiúla Eorpacha agus um Fhondúireachtaí Polaitiúla Eorpacha'''<ref name=iate /> (Béarla: ''Authority for European Political Parties and European Political Foundations'' ('''APPF''') is a [[Gníomhaireachtaí an Aontais Eorpaigh|body of the European Union]] in charge of registering, controlling and imposing sanctions on [[páirtí polaitiúil Eorpach|páirtithe polaitiúla Eorpacha]] agus [[fondúireacht pholaitiúil Eorpach|fondúireachtaí polaitiúla Eorpacha]]. '' The APPF has offices sa [[an Bhruiséil|Bhruiséil]] agus i [[Strasbourg]]; since 2021, its Director has been Pascal Schonard. == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = <ref name=iate>{{lua idirlín | url = https://iate.europa.eu/entry/result/3644247/ga | teideal = Téarma: ComhlachÚdarás um Páirtithe Polaitiúla Eorpacha agus um Fhondúireachtaí Polaitiúla Eorpachat na Rialálaithe Eorpacha um Chumarsáid Leictreonach | foilsitheoir = [[IATE]] | dátarochtana = 15-07-2026}}</ref> }} {{síol-eu}} {{Gníomhaireachtaí an Aontais Eorpaigh|state=collapsed}} [[Catagóir:Gníomhaireachtaí an Aontais Eorpaigh]] == Comhlacht na Rialálaithe Eorpacha um Chumarsáid Leictreonach == {{WD Bosca Sonraí Eagraíochta}} keydocument1 = [https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/GA/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32018R1971 Rialachán (AE) 2018/1971] '' The '''Comhlacht na Rialálaithe Eorpacha um Chumarsáid Leictreonach'''<ref name=iate /> (Béarla: ''Body of European Regulators for Electronic Communications'' ('''BEREC''')) is the body in which the regulators of the telecommunications markets in the [[an tAontas Eorpach]] work together.<ref name=UIA /> Other participants include representatives of the [[an Coimisiún Eorpach]], as well as telecommunication regulators from the member states of the [[Limistéar Eorpach Eacnamaíoch|LEE]] and of states that are in the process of joining the EU. == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = <ref name=iate>{{lua idirlín | url = https://iate.europa.eu/entry/result/3500516/ga | teideal = Téarma: Comhlacht na Rialálaithe Eorpacha um Chumarsáid Leictreonach | foilsitheoir = [[IATE]] | dátarochtana = 15-07-2026}}</ref> <ref name=UIA>{{lua idirlín | url = https://uia.org/s/or/en/1100015682 | teideal = Body of European Regulators for Electronic Communications (BEREC) | bliain = 2024 | department=UIA Global Civil Society Database | work = uia.org | foilsitheoir = [[Union of International Associations]]}}</ref> }} == EU-CyCLONe == '' EU-CyCLONe or '''European Cyber Crisis Liaison Organisation Network''' is a cooperation network for [[European Union]] members to national authorities in charge of cyber crisis management.<ref name=ability /> It was set up as part of the [[NIS 2 Directive]].<ref name=nis2 /> '' It was launched in 2020 and formalised in January 2023.<ref name=cyber-resilience /> The chair rotates with the [[Uachtaránacht ar Chomhairle an Aontais Eorpaigh]].<ref name=cyber-resilience/> '' EU-CyCLONe submits a report assessing its work to the [[Parlaimint na hEorpa]] and [[Comhairle an Aontais Eorpaigh]] every 18 months, starting 17 October 2024.<ref name=cyber-resilience/> == Blue OLEx '' The Blueprint Operational Level Exercise is an annual exercise involving senior cybersecurity officials from EU member states and the [[an Coimisiún Eorpach]], with [[an tAontas Eorpach]] support.<ref name=cyber-resilience/> In 2024 it was hosted in [[an Róimh]] by [[Agenzia per la Cybersicurezza Nazionale]], focused on executive level cooperation, particularly via EU-CyCLONe.<ref name=cyber-resilience/> == Naisc sheachtracha * [https://www.nis-2-directive.com/NIS_2_Directive_Article_14_(Proposal_16.12.2020).html The NIS 2 Directive, The European cyber crises liaison organisation network (EU - CyCLONe)] - Article 14 on EU-CyCLONe * [https://www.nis-2-directive.com/NIS_2_Directive_Article_16.html The NIS 2 Directive, Final Text] - Article 16 on EU-CyCLONe * [https://www.nis-2-directive.com/NIS_2_Directive_Article_17.html The NIS 2 Directive, Final Text] - Article 17, International cooperation == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = <ref name=ability>{{lua idirlín | teideal = EU countries test their ability to cooperate in the event of cyber attacks | url = https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/news/eu-countries-test-their-ability-cooperate-event-cyber-attacks | dáta = 2020-09-29 | dátarochtana = 2025-02-24 | work = [[an Coimisiún Eorpach]]}}</ref> <ref name=nis2>{{lua idirlín | teideal = Europe moves closer to stricter cybersecurity standards, reporting regs | url = https://www.theregister.com/2022/05/17/europe_nis2_cybersecurity_regulations/ | sloinne = Lyons | ainm = Jessica | dáta = 2022-05-17 | dátarochtana = 2025-02-24 | work = [[The Register]]}}</ref> <ref name=cyber-resilience>{{cite news | teideal = EU Ramps Up Cyber Resilience with Major Crisis Simulation Exercise | sloinne = Poireault | ainm = Kevin | dáta = 2024-11-11 | url = https://www.infosecurity-magazine.com/news/eu-cyber-resilience-crisis/ | dátarochtana = 2025-02-24 | work = Infosecurity Magazine}}</ref> }} == Tíreolaíocht == [[Réigiún na Teorann]] === Geografaíocht fhisiceach [[Íomhá:Glencar waterfall01.jpg| thumb | 170px | [[Loch Ghleann an Chairthe|Eas Ghleann an Chairthe]], Liatroim]] '' The region encompasses the entire northwest coast of Ireland along the [[an tAigéan Atlantach]]. Two of Ireland's longest rivers, [[an tSionainn]] and the [[an Éirne]], agus an [[Uiscebhealach na Sionainne is na hÉirne]] eatarthu. Cavan and Monaghan in the east of the region are characterized by a drumlin landscape, with hundreds of loughs interspersed between. [[Loch Aillionn]] in Leitrim is the region's largest lake, at 35 km². '' The west of the region, from [[Teallach Eathach]], County Cavan, to the Atlantic coast is largely rocky and mountainous, with coastal cliffs but also beaches in counties Sligo, Donegal and Leitrim. Leitrim has the smallest coastline of any county, at just 5&nbsp;km in length, while Donegal has the longest, at 1,134&nbsp;km. === Foraoiseacht '' there is a total of 130,345 ha of forest and woodland cover in the Border Region, equating to 11.3% of the region's land area, the national average.<ref name=govagri2017 /> '' Traditionally, the region had a very low cover forest and planting schemes were undertaken by the Department of Agriculture or [[Comhlachtaí státurraithe na hÉireann|comhlachtaí státurraithe]] such as [[Coillte]]. County Leitrim is now Ireland's most forested county at 18.9% forest cover. However, over 50% of Leitrim's forests are in private ownership.<ref name=govagri2006 /> === Aeráid '' Under [[Aicmiú aeráide Köppen]], the region experiences a maritime [[aeráid mheasartha]] [[aeráid aigéanach]], meaning cool winters, mild humid summers, and a lack of temperature extremes. Summer daytime temperatures range between 15°C agus 22°C, rarely going beyond 25°C. While the region generally experiences mild winters, upland areas typically have snow. Humidity is high year round and rainfall ranges from ~1,250&nbsp;mm ([[Marcréidh]], Sligeach) to ~1,000&nbsp;mm ([[Béal Átha hÉis]], Cabhán), evenly distributed throughout the year. <ref name=metclimate /> === Geolaíocht [[Íomhá: Benbulben2.jpg | thumb | 200px | [[Binn Ghulbain]], Contae Shligigh]] '' There are many large mountain ranges and high sea cliffs in the region, such as the [[Sléibhte Dhoire Bheatha]], [[Sliabh Liag]], the [[Binn Chuilceach]] agus [[Binn Ghulbain]]. The region is generally underlain by [[an tOrdaivíseach]] and [[an Siolúrach]] sceallaí agus gréabhacaí, laid down 417-495 million years ago. These are found in eastern Cavan and Monaghan. The bedrock of western Cavan, Leitrim and Sligo is composed mostly of [[carbónmhar]] limestones that were laid roughly 355 million years ago. However, a 1.5 billion year old narrow strip of metamorphosed gneisses extend across Sligo near [[Sliabh Gamh]].<ref name=geocavan /><ref name=geosligo /> '' County Donegal has one of the most complex geologies in Ireland. Much of the county is underlain by [[Réamhchaimbriach]] gneiss, schist and quartzite, laid down during the Grenvillian Orogeny 700 million years ago. The Border Region's highest point, [[An Earagail]], at 751 m, is composed of Precambrian quartzite. '' Ireland's oldest rocks, laid down 1.78 billion years ago, are found on the island of [[Inis Trá Tholl]].<ref name=gsi /> Inis Trá Tholl is Ireland's most northerly island, located approximately 10&nbsp;km north of [[Cionn Mhálanna]], mainland Ireland's most northerly point. '' [[Loch Súilí]] in Donegal is one of Ireland's three fjords. == Buntásc == __NOINDEX__ __NOTOC__ cb1li0vl2avbsgs0m16l6k3qfj2t0o4 1320721 1320720 2026-07-16T07:35:11Z Marcas.oduinn 33120 /* Eile */ 1320721 wikitext text/x-wiki == Ceanntásc == (an t)Údarás um..., (an) G(h)níomhaireacht um... (an) Comhbheartas Talmhaíochta. Cé acu sa teideal? Féach: * [http://www.gaois.ie gaois.ie]. * ''Wikidata list'' [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Wikidata list/Contaetha na hÉireann#Réigiún na hÉireann|Réigiúin na hÉireann]]. === Réigiún === {| class="wikitable" style="width:100%; vertical-align:top;" ! style="width:50%;" | Réigiúin ! style="width:50%;" | Réigiúin NUTS |- | style="text-align:center" | [[Íomhá:IrelandRegions.png | center]] | align=center | [[Íomhá:NUTS3 Boundaries Ireland.png | center]] |- | style="vertical-align:top;" | Réigiúin na hÉireann: * (A) Tuaisceart * (B) Iarthar * (C) Iardheisceart * (D) Oirdheisceart * (E) Oirthear [BÁC] * (F) [[Lár na Tíre (Éire)]] | style="vertical-align:top;" | '''Réigiúin''' NUTS 3 na hÉireann: * [[Réigiún na Teorann|Teorainn]] * [[Réigiún an Iarthair|Iarthar]] * [[Réigiún Lár na Tíre|Lár na Tíre]] * [[Réigiún an Lár-Oirthir|Lár-Oirthear]] * [[Réigiún Bhaile Átha Cliath|Baile Átha Cliath]] * [[Réigiún an Lár-Iarthair|Lár-Iarthar]] * [[Réigiún an Oirdheiscirt|Oirdheisceart]] * [[Réigiún an Iardheiscirt|Iardheisceart]] |} {| |- | [[Íomhá:Newborderregionboundary.png | 80px]]<!--[[Íomhá:Ireland location map Border region.svg | 40px]]--> | [[Íomhá:Ireland location map West region.svg | 80px]] | [[Íomhá:Ireland location map Midlands.svg | 80px]] | [[Íomhá:Mid East Ireland 2018.png | 80px]]<!--[[Íomhá:Ireland location map Mid-East.svg | 40px]]--> | [[Íomhá:Island_of_Ireland_location_map_Dublin.svg | 80px]] | [[Íomhá:Mid-West Region Map Ireland 2018.png | 80px]]<!--[[Íomhá:Mid-West Region Map Ireland 2018.png | 40px]]--> | [[Íomhá:SE Region Ireland 2018.png | 80px]]<!--[[Íomhá:Ireland location map South East.svg | 40px]]--> | [[Íomhá:Ireland location map South West.svg | 80px]] |} === Acrainm === * [[Aicmiú Comhchoiteann na nAonad Críche maidir le Staidreamh|NUTS]] - Acáise * [[Comhordú an Eolais ar an Timpeallacht|CORINE]] - Ceolta * [[CORDIS]] - SeoTaifeach * [[Inter-Active Terminology for Europe|IATE]] - Tighe == Eile == # ''[[:en:European Union Aviation Safety Agency|European Union Aviation Safety Agency]]'' - [[Gníomhaireacht Sábháilteachta Eitlíochta an Aontais Eorpaigh]] # ''[[:en:Authority for European Political Parties and European Political Foundations|Authority for European Political Parties and European Political Foundations]]'' - [[Údarás um Páirtithe Polaitiúla Eorpacha agus um Fhondúireachtaí Polaitiúla Eorpacha]] (2016) # ''[[:en:Body of European Regulators for Electronic Communications|Body of European Regulators for Electronic Communications]]'' - [[Comhlacht na Rialálaithe Eorpacha um Chumarsáid Leictreonach]] (BEREC) (2009) &leftarrow; (BEREC Office) - [[Gníomhaireacht Tacaíochta BEREC]] (2018) # ''[[:en:EU-CyCLONe|EU-CyCLONe]]'' - [[EU-CyCLONe]] (2020) == Gníomhaireacht Sábháilteachta Eitlíochta an Aontais Eorpaigh == | keydocument1 = [https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/GA/TXT/?uri=CELEX:02018R1139-20250525 Rialachán (AE) 2018/1139] ''The '''Gníomhaireacht Sábháilteachta Eitlíochta an Aontais Eorpaigh'''<ref name=iate /> (Béarla: ''European Union Aviation Safety Agency'' ('''EASA''') is an [[Gníomhaireachtaí an Aontais Eorpaigh|agency]] of the [[an Coimisiún Eorpach]] with responsibility for civil [[aviation safety]] in the [[Aontas Eorpach]]. It carries out [[Type certificate|certification]], regulation and standardisation and also performs investigation and monitoring.<ref name=flor />{{rp|§4.3}} It collects and analyses safety data, drafts and advises on safety legislation and co-ordinates with similar organisations in other parts of the world.<ref name=flor />{{rp|§4.3}} ''The idea of a European-level aviation safety authority goes back to 1996, but the agency was legally established only in 2002; it began its work in 2003.<ref name=flor />{{rp|§4.3}} == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = <ref name=iate>{{lua idirlín | url = https://iate.europa.eu/entry/result/3569070/ga | teideal = Téarma: Gníomhaireacht Sábháilteachta Eitlíochta an Aontais Eorpaigh | foilsitheoir = [[IATE]] | dátarochtana = 16-07-2026}}</ref> <ref name=flor>Florin Coman-Kund (2018). [https://pure.eur.nl/en/publications/european-union-agencies-as-global-actors-a-legal-study-of-the-eur/ ''European Union Agencies as Global Actors: A Legal Study of the European Aviation Safety Agency, Frontex and Europol'']. Abingdon, Oxfordshire; New York, New York: Routledge. {{ISBN|9781138293045}}.</ref> }} == Údarás um Páirtithe Polaitiúla Eorpacha agus um Fhondúireachtaí Polaitiúla Eorpacha == {{WD Bosca Sonraí Eagraíochta}} | keydocument1 = [https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2014/1141/oj/eng Rialachán (AE, Euratom) Uimh. 1141/2014] '' An t'''Údarás um Páirtithe Polaitiúla Eorpacha agus um Fhondúireachtaí Polaitiúla Eorpacha'''<ref name=iate /> (Béarla: ''Authority for European Political Parties and European Political Foundations'' ('''APPF''') is a [[Gníomhaireachtaí an Aontais Eorpaigh|body of the European Union]] in charge of registering, controlling and imposing sanctions on [[páirtí polaitiúil Eorpach|páirtithe polaitiúla Eorpacha]] agus [[fondúireacht pholaitiúil Eorpach|fondúireachtaí polaitiúla Eorpacha]]. '' The APPF has offices sa [[an Bhruiséil|Bhruiséil]] agus i [[Strasbourg]]; since 2021, its Director has been Pascal Schonard. == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = <ref name=iate>{{lua idirlín | url = https://iate.europa.eu/entry/result/3644247/ga | teideal = Téarma: ComhlachÚdarás um Páirtithe Polaitiúla Eorpacha agus um Fhondúireachtaí Polaitiúla Eorpachat na Rialálaithe Eorpacha um Chumarsáid Leictreonach | foilsitheoir = [[IATE]] | dátarochtana = 15-07-2026}}</ref> }} {{síol-eu}} {{Gníomhaireachtaí an Aontais Eorpaigh|state=collapsed}} [[Catagóir:Gníomhaireachtaí an Aontais Eorpaigh]] == Comhlacht na Rialálaithe Eorpacha um Chumarsáid Leictreonach == {{WD Bosca Sonraí Eagraíochta}} keydocument1 = [https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/GA/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32018R1971 Rialachán (AE) 2018/1971] '' The '''Comhlacht na Rialálaithe Eorpacha um Chumarsáid Leictreonach'''<ref name=iate /> (Béarla: ''Body of European Regulators for Electronic Communications'' ('''BEREC''')) is the body in which the regulators of the telecommunications markets in the [[an tAontas Eorpach]] work together.<ref name=UIA /> Other participants include representatives of the [[an Coimisiún Eorpach]], as well as telecommunication regulators from the member states of the [[Limistéar Eorpach Eacnamaíoch|LEE]] and of states that are in the process of joining the EU. == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = <ref name=iate>{{lua idirlín | url = https://iate.europa.eu/entry/result/3500516/ga | teideal = Téarma: Comhlacht na Rialálaithe Eorpacha um Chumarsáid Leictreonach | foilsitheoir = [[IATE]] | dátarochtana = 15-07-2026}}</ref> <ref name=UIA>{{lua idirlín | url = https://uia.org/s/or/en/1100015682 | teideal = Body of European Regulators for Electronic Communications (BEREC) | bliain = 2024 | department=UIA Global Civil Society Database | work = uia.org | foilsitheoir = [[Union of International Associations]]}}</ref> }} == EU-CyCLONe == '' EU-CyCLONe or '''European Cyber Crisis Liaison Organisation Network''' is a cooperation network for [[European Union]] members to national authorities in charge of cyber crisis management.<ref name=ability /> It was set up as part of the [[NIS 2 Directive]].<ref name=nis2 /> '' It was launched in 2020 and formalised in January 2023.<ref name=cyber-resilience /> The chair rotates with the [[Uachtaránacht ar Chomhairle an Aontais Eorpaigh]].<ref name=cyber-resilience/> '' EU-CyCLONe submits a report assessing its work to the [[Parlaimint na hEorpa]] and [[Comhairle an Aontais Eorpaigh]] every 18 months, starting 17 October 2024.<ref name=cyber-resilience/> == Blue OLEx '' The Blueprint Operational Level Exercise is an annual exercise involving senior cybersecurity officials from EU member states and the [[an Coimisiún Eorpach]], with [[an tAontas Eorpach]] support.<ref name=cyber-resilience/> In 2024 it was hosted in [[an Róimh]] by [[Agenzia per la Cybersicurezza Nazionale]], focused on executive level cooperation, particularly via EU-CyCLONe.<ref name=cyber-resilience/> == Naisc sheachtracha * [https://www.nis-2-directive.com/NIS_2_Directive_Article_14_(Proposal_16.12.2020).html The NIS 2 Directive, The European cyber crises liaison organisation network (EU - CyCLONe)] - Article 14 on EU-CyCLONe * [https://www.nis-2-directive.com/NIS_2_Directive_Article_16.html The NIS 2 Directive, Final Text] - Article 16 on EU-CyCLONe * [https://www.nis-2-directive.com/NIS_2_Directive_Article_17.html The NIS 2 Directive, Final Text] - Article 17, International cooperation == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = <ref name=ability>{{lua idirlín | teideal = EU countries test their ability to cooperate in the event of cyber attacks | url = https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/news/eu-countries-test-their-ability-cooperate-event-cyber-attacks | dáta = 2020-09-29 | dátarochtana = 2025-02-24 | work = [[an Coimisiún Eorpach]]}}</ref> <ref name=nis2>{{lua idirlín | teideal = Europe moves closer to stricter cybersecurity standards, reporting regs | url = https://www.theregister.com/2022/05/17/europe_nis2_cybersecurity_regulations/ | sloinne = Lyons | ainm = Jessica | dáta = 2022-05-17 | dátarochtana = 2025-02-24 | work = [[The Register]]}}</ref> <ref name=cyber-resilience>{{cite news | teideal = EU Ramps Up Cyber Resilience with Major Crisis Simulation Exercise | sloinne = Poireault | ainm = Kevin | dáta = 2024-11-11 | url = https://www.infosecurity-magazine.com/news/eu-cyber-resilience-crisis/ | dátarochtana = 2025-02-24 | work = Infosecurity Magazine}}</ref> }} == Tíreolaíocht == [[Réigiún na Teorann]] === Geografaíocht fhisiceach [[Íomhá:Glencar waterfall01.jpg| thumb | 170px | [[Loch Ghleann an Chairthe|Eas Ghleann an Chairthe]], Liatroim]] '' The region encompasses the entire northwest coast of Ireland along the [[an tAigéan Atlantach]]. Two of Ireland's longest rivers, [[an tSionainn]] and the [[an Éirne]], agus an [[Uiscebhealach na Sionainne is na hÉirne]] eatarthu. Cavan and Monaghan in the east of the region are characterized by a drumlin landscape, with hundreds of loughs interspersed between. [[Loch Aillionn]] in Leitrim is the region's largest lake, at 35 km². '' The west of the region, from [[Teallach Eathach]], County Cavan, to the Atlantic coast is largely rocky and mountainous, with coastal cliffs but also beaches in counties Sligo, Donegal and Leitrim. Leitrim has the smallest coastline of any county, at just 5&nbsp;km in length, while Donegal has the longest, at 1,134&nbsp;km. === Foraoiseacht '' there is a total of 130,345 ha of forest and woodland cover in the Border Region, equating to 11.3% of the region's land area, the national average.<ref name=govagri2017 /> '' Traditionally, the region had a very low cover forest and planting schemes were undertaken by the Department of Agriculture or [[Comhlachtaí státurraithe na hÉireann|comhlachtaí státurraithe]] such as [[Coillte]]. County Leitrim is now Ireland's most forested county at 18.9% forest cover. However, over 50% of Leitrim's forests are in private ownership.<ref name=govagri2006 /> === Aeráid '' Under [[Aicmiú aeráide Köppen]], the region experiences a maritime [[aeráid mheasartha]] [[aeráid aigéanach]], meaning cool winters, mild humid summers, and a lack of temperature extremes. Summer daytime temperatures range between 15°C agus 22°C, rarely going beyond 25°C. While the region generally experiences mild winters, upland areas typically have snow. Humidity is high year round and rainfall ranges from ~1,250&nbsp;mm ([[Marcréidh]], Sligeach) to ~1,000&nbsp;mm ([[Béal Átha hÉis]], Cabhán), evenly distributed throughout the year. <ref name=metclimate /> === Geolaíocht [[Íomhá: Benbulben2.jpg | thumb | 200px | [[Binn Ghulbain]], Contae Shligigh]] '' There are many large mountain ranges and high sea cliffs in the region, such as the [[Sléibhte Dhoire Bheatha]], [[Sliabh Liag]], the [[Binn Chuilceach]] agus [[Binn Ghulbain]]. The region is generally underlain by [[an tOrdaivíseach]] and [[an Siolúrach]] sceallaí agus gréabhacaí, laid down 417-495 million years ago. These are found in eastern Cavan and Monaghan. The bedrock of western Cavan, Leitrim and Sligo is composed mostly of [[carbónmhar]] limestones that were laid roughly 355 million years ago. However, a 1.5 billion year old narrow strip of metamorphosed gneisses extend across Sligo near [[Sliabh Gamh]].<ref name=geocavan /><ref name=geosligo /> '' County Donegal has one of the most complex geologies in Ireland. Much of the county is underlain by [[Réamhchaimbriach]] gneiss, schist and quartzite, laid down during the Grenvillian Orogeny 700 million years ago. The Border Region's highest point, [[An Earagail]], at 751 m, is composed of Precambrian quartzite. '' Ireland's oldest rocks, laid down 1.78 billion years ago, are found on the island of [[Inis Trá Tholl]].<ref name=gsi /> Inis Trá Tholl is Ireland's most northerly island, located approximately 10&nbsp;km north of [[Cionn Mhálanna]], mainland Ireland's most northerly point. '' [[Loch Súilí]] in Donegal is one of Ireland's three fjords. == Buntásc == __NOINDEX__ __NOTOC__ bi87hz2c5s77jxfd2pyxiukcqn35y61 1320722 1320721 2026-07-16T07:36:50Z Marcas.oduinn 33120 /* Eile */ 1320722 wikitext text/x-wiki == Ceanntásc == (an t)Údarás um..., (an) G(h)níomhaireacht um... (an) Comhbheartas Talmhaíochta. Cé acu sa teideal? Féach: * [http://www.gaois.ie gaois.ie]. * ''Wikidata list'' [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Wikidata list/Contaetha na hÉireann#Réigiún na hÉireann|Réigiúin na hÉireann]]. === Réigiún === {| class="wikitable" style="width:100%; vertical-align:top;" ! style="width:50%;" | Réigiúin ! style="width:50%;" | Réigiúin NUTS |- | style="text-align:center" | [[Íomhá:IrelandRegions.png | center]] | align=center | [[Íomhá:NUTS3 Boundaries Ireland.png | center]] |- | style="vertical-align:top;" | Réigiúin na hÉireann: * (A) Tuaisceart * (B) Iarthar * (C) Iardheisceart * (D) Oirdheisceart * (E) Oirthear [BÁC] * (F) [[Lár na Tíre (Éire)]] | style="vertical-align:top;" | '''Réigiúin''' NUTS 3 na hÉireann: * [[Réigiún na Teorann|Teorainn]] * [[Réigiún an Iarthair|Iarthar]] * [[Réigiún Lár na Tíre|Lár na Tíre]] * [[Réigiún an Lár-Oirthir|Lár-Oirthear]] * [[Réigiún Bhaile Átha Cliath|Baile Átha Cliath]] * [[Réigiún an Lár-Iarthair|Lár-Iarthar]] * [[Réigiún an Oirdheiscirt|Oirdheisceart]] * [[Réigiún an Iardheiscirt|Iardheisceart]] |} {| |- | [[Íomhá:Newborderregionboundary.png | 80px]]<!--[[Íomhá:Ireland location map Border region.svg | 40px]]--> | [[Íomhá:Ireland location map West region.svg | 80px]] | [[Íomhá:Ireland location map Midlands.svg | 80px]] | [[Íomhá:Mid East Ireland 2018.png | 80px]]<!--[[Íomhá:Ireland location map Mid-East.svg | 40px]]--> | [[Íomhá:Island_of_Ireland_location_map_Dublin.svg | 80px]] | [[Íomhá:Mid-West Region Map Ireland 2018.png | 80px]]<!--[[Íomhá:Mid-West Region Map Ireland 2018.png | 40px]]--> | [[Íomhá:SE Region Ireland 2018.png | 80px]]<!--[[Íomhá:Ireland location map South East.svg | 40px]]--> | [[Íomhá:Ireland location map South West.svg | 80px]] |} === Acrainm === * [[Aicmiú Comhchoiteann na nAonad Críche maidir le Staidreamh|NUTS]] - Acáise * [[Comhordú an Eolais ar an Timpeallacht|CORINE]] - Ceolta * [[CORDIS]] - SeoTaifeach * [[Inter-Active Terminology for Europe|IATE]] - Tighe == Eile == # ''[[:en:European Union Aviation Safety Agency|European Union Aviation Safety Agency]]'' - [[Gníomhaireacht Sábháilteachta Eitlíochta an Aontais Eorpaigh]] (2002) # ''[[:en:Body of European Regulators for Electronic Communications|Body of European Regulators for Electronic Communications]]'' - [[Comhlacht na Rialálaithe Eorpacha um Chumarsáid Leictreonach]] (BEREC) (2009) &leftarrow; (BEREC Office) - [[Gníomhaireacht Tacaíochta BEREC]] (2018) # ''[[:en:Authority for European Political Parties and European Political Foundations|Authority for European Political Parties and European Political Foundations]]'' - [[Údarás um Páirtithe Polaitiúla Eorpacha agus um Fhondúireachtaí Polaitiúla Eorpacha]] (2016) # ''[[:en:EU-CyCLONe|EU-CyCLONe]]'' - [[EU-CyCLONe]] (2020) == Gníomhaireacht Sábháilteachta Eitlíochta an Aontais Eorpaigh == | keydocument1 = [https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/GA/TXT/?uri=CELEX:02018R1139-20250525 Rialachán (AE) 2018/1139] ''The '''Gníomhaireacht Sábháilteachta Eitlíochta an Aontais Eorpaigh'''<ref name=iate /> (Béarla: ''European Union Aviation Safety Agency'' ('''EASA''') is an [[Gníomhaireachtaí an Aontais Eorpaigh|agency]] of the [[an Coimisiún Eorpach]] with responsibility for civil [[aviation safety]] in the [[Aontas Eorpach]]. It carries out [[Type certificate|certification]], regulation and standardisation and also performs investigation and monitoring.<ref name=flor />{{rp|§4.3}} It collects and analyses safety data, drafts and advises on safety legislation and co-ordinates with similar organisations in other parts of the world.<ref name=flor />{{rp|§4.3}} ''The idea of a European-level aviation safety authority goes back to 1996, but the agency was legally established only in 2002; it began its work in 2003.<ref name=flor />{{rp|§4.3}} == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = <ref name=iate>{{lua idirlín | url = https://iate.europa.eu/entry/result/3569070/ga | teideal = Téarma: Gníomhaireacht Sábháilteachta Eitlíochta an Aontais Eorpaigh | foilsitheoir = [[IATE]] | dátarochtana = 16-07-2026}}</ref> <ref name=flor>Florin Coman-Kund (2018). [https://pure.eur.nl/en/publications/european-union-agencies-as-global-actors-a-legal-study-of-the-eur/ ''European Union Agencies as Global Actors: A Legal Study of the European Aviation Safety Agency, Frontex and Europol'']. Abingdon, Oxfordshire; New York, New York: Routledge. {{ISBN|9781138293045}}.</ref> }} == Údarás um Páirtithe Polaitiúla Eorpacha agus um Fhondúireachtaí Polaitiúla Eorpacha == {{WD Bosca Sonraí Eagraíochta}} | keydocument1 = [https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2014/1141/oj/eng Rialachán (AE, Euratom) Uimh. 1141/2014] '' An t'''Údarás um Páirtithe Polaitiúla Eorpacha agus um Fhondúireachtaí Polaitiúla Eorpacha'''<ref name=iate /> (Béarla: ''Authority for European Political Parties and European Political Foundations'' ('''APPF''') is a [[Gníomhaireachtaí an Aontais Eorpaigh|body of the European Union]] in charge of registering, controlling and imposing sanctions on [[páirtí polaitiúil Eorpach|páirtithe polaitiúla Eorpacha]] agus [[fondúireacht pholaitiúil Eorpach|fondúireachtaí polaitiúla Eorpacha]]. '' The APPF has offices sa [[an Bhruiséil|Bhruiséil]] agus i [[Strasbourg]]; since 2021, its Director has been Pascal Schonard. == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = <ref name=iate>{{lua idirlín | url = https://iate.europa.eu/entry/result/3644247/ga | teideal = Téarma: ComhlachÚdarás um Páirtithe Polaitiúla Eorpacha agus um Fhondúireachtaí Polaitiúla Eorpachat na Rialálaithe Eorpacha um Chumarsáid Leictreonach | foilsitheoir = [[IATE]] | dátarochtana = 15-07-2026}}</ref> }} {{síol-eu}} {{Gníomhaireachtaí an Aontais Eorpaigh|state=collapsed}} [[Catagóir:Gníomhaireachtaí an Aontais Eorpaigh]] == Comhlacht na Rialálaithe Eorpacha um Chumarsáid Leictreonach == {{WD Bosca Sonraí Eagraíochta}} keydocument1 = [https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/GA/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32018R1971 Rialachán (AE) 2018/1971] '' The '''Comhlacht na Rialálaithe Eorpacha um Chumarsáid Leictreonach'''<ref name=iate /> (Béarla: ''Body of European Regulators for Electronic Communications'' ('''BEREC''')) is the body in which the regulators of the telecommunications markets in the [[an tAontas Eorpach]] work together.<ref name=UIA /> Other participants include representatives of the [[an Coimisiún Eorpach]], as well as telecommunication regulators from the member states of the [[Limistéar Eorpach Eacnamaíoch|LEE]] and of states that are in the process of joining the EU. == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = <ref name=iate>{{lua idirlín | url = https://iate.europa.eu/entry/result/3500516/ga | teideal = Téarma: Comhlacht na Rialálaithe Eorpacha um Chumarsáid Leictreonach | foilsitheoir = [[IATE]] | dátarochtana = 15-07-2026}}</ref> <ref name=UIA>{{lua idirlín | url = https://uia.org/s/or/en/1100015682 | teideal = Body of European Regulators for Electronic Communications (BEREC) | bliain = 2024 | department=UIA Global Civil Society Database | work = uia.org | foilsitheoir = [[Union of International Associations]]}}</ref> }} == EU-CyCLONe == '' EU-CyCLONe or '''European Cyber Crisis Liaison Organisation Network''' is a cooperation network for [[European Union]] members to national authorities in charge of cyber crisis management.<ref name=ability /> It was set up as part of the [[NIS 2 Directive]].<ref name=nis2 /> '' It was launched in 2020 and formalised in January 2023.<ref name=cyber-resilience /> The chair rotates with the [[Uachtaránacht ar Chomhairle an Aontais Eorpaigh]].<ref name=cyber-resilience/> '' EU-CyCLONe submits a report assessing its work to the [[Parlaimint na hEorpa]] and [[Comhairle an Aontais Eorpaigh]] every 18 months, starting 17 October 2024.<ref name=cyber-resilience/> == Blue OLEx '' The Blueprint Operational Level Exercise is an annual exercise involving senior cybersecurity officials from EU member states and the [[an Coimisiún Eorpach]], with [[an tAontas Eorpach]] support.<ref name=cyber-resilience/> In 2024 it was hosted in [[an Róimh]] by [[Agenzia per la Cybersicurezza Nazionale]], focused on executive level cooperation, particularly via EU-CyCLONe.<ref name=cyber-resilience/> == Naisc sheachtracha * [https://www.nis-2-directive.com/NIS_2_Directive_Article_14_(Proposal_16.12.2020).html The NIS 2 Directive, The European cyber crises liaison organisation network (EU - CyCLONe)] - Article 14 on EU-CyCLONe * [https://www.nis-2-directive.com/NIS_2_Directive_Article_16.html The NIS 2 Directive, Final Text] - Article 16 on EU-CyCLONe * [https://www.nis-2-directive.com/NIS_2_Directive_Article_17.html The NIS 2 Directive, Final Text] - Article 17, International cooperation == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = <ref name=ability>{{lua idirlín | teideal = EU countries test their ability to cooperate in the event of cyber attacks | url = https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/news/eu-countries-test-their-ability-cooperate-event-cyber-attacks | dáta = 2020-09-29 | dátarochtana = 2025-02-24 | work = [[an Coimisiún Eorpach]]}}</ref> <ref name=nis2>{{lua idirlín | teideal = Europe moves closer to stricter cybersecurity standards, reporting regs | url = https://www.theregister.com/2022/05/17/europe_nis2_cybersecurity_regulations/ | sloinne = Lyons | ainm = Jessica | dáta = 2022-05-17 | dátarochtana = 2025-02-24 | work = [[The Register]]}}</ref> <ref name=cyber-resilience>{{cite news | teideal = EU Ramps Up Cyber Resilience with Major Crisis Simulation Exercise | sloinne = Poireault | ainm = Kevin | dáta = 2024-11-11 | url = https://www.infosecurity-magazine.com/news/eu-cyber-resilience-crisis/ | dátarochtana = 2025-02-24 | work = Infosecurity Magazine}}</ref> }} == Tíreolaíocht == [[Réigiún na Teorann]] === Geografaíocht fhisiceach [[Íomhá:Glencar waterfall01.jpg| thumb | 170px | [[Loch Ghleann an Chairthe|Eas Ghleann an Chairthe]], Liatroim]] '' The region encompasses the entire northwest coast of Ireland along the [[an tAigéan Atlantach]]. Two of Ireland's longest rivers, [[an tSionainn]] and the [[an Éirne]], agus an [[Uiscebhealach na Sionainne is na hÉirne]] eatarthu. Cavan and Monaghan in the east of the region are characterized by a drumlin landscape, with hundreds of loughs interspersed between. [[Loch Aillionn]] in Leitrim is the region's largest lake, at 35 km². '' The west of the region, from [[Teallach Eathach]], County Cavan, to the Atlantic coast is largely rocky and mountainous, with coastal cliffs but also beaches in counties Sligo, Donegal and Leitrim. Leitrim has the smallest coastline of any county, at just 5&nbsp;km in length, while Donegal has the longest, at 1,134&nbsp;km. === Foraoiseacht '' there is a total of 130,345 ha of forest and woodland cover in the Border Region, equating to 11.3% of the region's land area, the national average.<ref name=govagri2017 /> '' Traditionally, the region had a very low cover forest and planting schemes were undertaken by the Department of Agriculture or [[Comhlachtaí státurraithe na hÉireann|comhlachtaí státurraithe]] such as [[Coillte]]. County Leitrim is now Ireland's most forested county at 18.9% forest cover. However, over 50% of Leitrim's forests are in private ownership.<ref name=govagri2006 /> === Aeráid '' Under [[Aicmiú aeráide Köppen]], the region experiences a maritime [[aeráid mheasartha]] [[aeráid aigéanach]], meaning cool winters, mild humid summers, and a lack of temperature extremes. Summer daytime temperatures range between 15°C agus 22°C, rarely going beyond 25°C. While the region generally experiences mild winters, upland areas typically have snow. Humidity is high year round and rainfall ranges from ~1,250&nbsp;mm ([[Marcréidh]], Sligeach) to ~1,000&nbsp;mm ([[Béal Átha hÉis]], Cabhán), evenly distributed throughout the year. <ref name=metclimate /> === Geolaíocht [[Íomhá: Benbulben2.jpg | thumb | 200px | [[Binn Ghulbain]], Contae Shligigh]] '' There are many large mountain ranges and high sea cliffs in the region, such as the [[Sléibhte Dhoire Bheatha]], [[Sliabh Liag]], the [[Binn Chuilceach]] agus [[Binn Ghulbain]]. The region is generally underlain by [[an tOrdaivíseach]] and [[an Siolúrach]] sceallaí agus gréabhacaí, laid down 417-495 million years ago. These are found in eastern Cavan and Monaghan. The bedrock of western Cavan, Leitrim and Sligo is composed mostly of [[carbónmhar]] limestones that were laid roughly 355 million years ago. However, a 1.5 billion year old narrow strip of metamorphosed gneisses extend across Sligo near [[Sliabh Gamh]].<ref name=geocavan /><ref name=geosligo /> '' County Donegal has one of the most complex geologies in Ireland. Much of the county is underlain by [[Réamhchaimbriach]] gneiss, schist and quartzite, laid down during the Grenvillian Orogeny 700 million years ago. The Border Region's highest point, [[An Earagail]], at 751 m, is composed of Precambrian quartzite. '' Ireland's oldest rocks, laid down 1.78 billion years ago, are found on the island of [[Inis Trá Tholl]].<ref name=gsi /> Inis Trá Tholl is Ireland's most northerly island, located approximately 10&nbsp;km north of [[Cionn Mhálanna]], mainland Ireland's most northerly point. '' [[Loch Súilí]] in Donegal is one of Ireland's three fjords. == Buntásc == __NOINDEX__ __NOTOC__ pkkttschnnfmf1wkysnrsz1ryfq53l2 1320723 1320722 2026-07-16T07:37:13Z Marcas.oduinn 33120 1320723 wikitext text/x-wiki == Ceanntásc == (an t)Údarás um..., (an) G(h)níomhaireacht um... (an) Comhbheartas Talmhaíochta. Cé acu sa teideal? Féach: * [http://www.gaois.ie gaois.ie]. * ''Wikidata list'' [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Wikidata list/Contaetha na hÉireann#Réigiún na hÉireann|Réigiúin na hÉireann]]. === Réigiún === {| class="wikitable" style="width:100%; vertical-align:top;" ! style="width:50%;" | Réigiúin ! style="width:50%;" | Réigiúin NUTS |- | style="text-align:center" | [[Íomhá:IrelandRegions.png | center]] | align=center | [[Íomhá:NUTS3 Boundaries Ireland.png | center]] |- | style="vertical-align:top;" | Réigiúin na hÉireann: * (A) Tuaisceart * (B) Iarthar * (C) Iardheisceart * (D) Oirdheisceart * (E) Oirthear [BÁC] * (F) [[Lár na Tíre (Éire)]] | style="vertical-align:top;" | '''Réigiúin''' NUTS 3 na hÉireann: * [[Réigiún na Teorann|Teorainn]] * [[Réigiún an Iarthair|Iarthar]] * [[Réigiún Lár na Tíre|Lár na Tíre]] * [[Réigiún an Lár-Oirthir|Lár-Oirthear]] * [[Réigiún Bhaile Átha Cliath|Baile Átha Cliath]] * [[Réigiún an Lár-Iarthair|Lár-Iarthar]] * [[Réigiún an Oirdheiscirt|Oirdheisceart]] * [[Réigiún an Iardheiscirt|Iardheisceart]] |} {| |- | [[Íomhá:Newborderregionboundary.png | 80px]]<!--[[Íomhá:Ireland location map Border region.svg | 40px]]--> | [[Íomhá:Ireland location map West region.svg | 80px]] | [[Íomhá:Ireland location map Midlands.svg | 80px]] | [[Íomhá:Mid East Ireland 2018.png | 80px]]<!--[[Íomhá:Ireland location map Mid-East.svg | 40px]]--> | [[Íomhá:Island_of_Ireland_location_map_Dublin.svg | 80px]] | [[Íomhá:Mid-West Region Map Ireland 2018.png | 80px]]<!--[[Íomhá:Mid-West Region Map Ireland 2018.png | 40px]]--> | [[Íomhá:SE Region Ireland 2018.png | 80px]]<!--[[Íomhá:Ireland location map South East.svg | 40px]]--> | [[Íomhá:Ireland location map South West.svg | 80px]] |} === Acrainm === * [[Aicmiú Comhchoiteann na nAonad Críche maidir le Staidreamh|NUTS]] - Acáise * [[Comhordú an Eolais ar an Timpeallacht|CORINE]] - Ceolta * [[CORDIS]] - SeoTaifeach * [[Inter-Active Terminology for Europe|IATE]] - Tighe == Eile == # ''[[:en:European Union Aviation Safety Agency|European Union Aviation Safety Agency]]'' - [[Gníomhaireacht Sábháilteachta Eitlíochta an Aontais Eorpaigh]] (2002) # ''[[:en:Body of European Regulators for Electronic Communications|Body of European Regulators for Electronic Communications]]'' - [[Comhlacht na Rialálaithe Eorpacha um Chumarsáid Leictreonach]] (BEREC) (2009) &leftarrow; (BEREC Office) - [[Gníomhaireacht Tacaíochta BEREC]] (2018) # ''[[:en:Authority for European Political Parties and European Political Foundations|Authority for European Political Parties and European Political Foundations]]'' - [[Údarás um Páirtithe Polaitiúla Eorpacha agus um Fhondúireachtaí Polaitiúla Eorpacha]] (2016) # ''[[:en:EU-CyCLONe|EU-CyCLONe]]'' - [[EU-CyCLONe]] (2020) == Gníomhaireacht Sábháilteachta Eitlíochta an Aontais Eorpaigh == | keydocument1 = [https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/GA/TXT/?uri=CELEX:02018R1139-20250525 Rialachán (AE) 2018/1139] ''The '''Gníomhaireacht Sábháilteachta Eitlíochta an Aontais Eorpaigh'''<ref name=iate /> (Béarla: ''European Union Aviation Safety Agency'' ('''EASA''') is an [[Gníomhaireachtaí an Aontais Eorpaigh|agency]] of the [[an Coimisiún Eorpach]] with responsibility for civil [[aviation safety]] in the [[Aontas Eorpach]]. It carries out [[Type certificate|certification]], regulation and standardisation and also performs investigation and monitoring.<ref name=flor />{{rp|§4.3}} It collects and analyses safety data, drafts and advises on safety legislation and co-ordinates with similar organisations in other parts of the world.<ref name=flor />{{rp|§4.3}} ''The idea of a European-level aviation safety authority goes back to 1996, but the agency was legally established only in 2002; it began its work in 2003.<ref name=flor />{{rp|§4.3}} == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = <ref name=iate>{{lua idirlín | url = https://iate.europa.eu/entry/result/3569070/ga | teideal = Téarma: Gníomhaireacht Sábháilteachta Eitlíochta an Aontais Eorpaigh | foilsitheoir = [[IATE]] | dátarochtana = 16-07-2026}}</ref> <ref name=flor>Florin Coman-Kund (2018). [https://pure.eur.nl/en/publications/european-union-agencies-as-global-actors-a-legal-study-of-the-eur/ ''European Union Agencies as Global Actors: A Legal Study of the European Aviation Safety Agency, Frontex and Europol'']. Abingdon, Oxfordshire; New York, New York: Routledge. {{ISBN|9781138293045}}.</ref> }} == Comhlacht na Rialálaithe Eorpacha um Chumarsáid Leictreonach == {{WD Bosca Sonraí Eagraíochta}} keydocument1 = [https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/GA/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32018R1971 Rialachán (AE) 2018/1971] '' The '''Comhlacht na Rialálaithe Eorpacha um Chumarsáid Leictreonach'''<ref name=iate /> (Béarla: ''Body of European Regulators for Electronic Communications'' ('''BEREC''')) is the body in which the regulators of the telecommunications markets in the [[an tAontas Eorpach]] work together.<ref name=UIA /> Other participants include representatives of the [[an Coimisiún Eorpach]], as well as telecommunication regulators from the member states of the [[Limistéar Eorpach Eacnamaíoch|LEE]] and of states that are in the process of joining the EU. == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = <ref name=iate>{{lua idirlín | url = https://iate.europa.eu/entry/result/3500516/ga | teideal = Téarma: Comhlacht na Rialálaithe Eorpacha um Chumarsáid Leictreonach | foilsitheoir = [[IATE]] | dátarochtana = 15-07-2026}}</ref> <ref name=UIA>{{lua idirlín | url = https://uia.org/s/or/en/1100015682 | teideal = Body of European Regulators for Electronic Communications (BEREC) | bliain = 2024 | department=UIA Global Civil Society Database | work = uia.org | foilsitheoir = [[Union of International Associations]]}}</ref> }} == EU-CyCLONe == '' EU-CyCLONe or '''European Cyber Crisis Liaison Organisation Network''' is a cooperation network for [[European Union]] members to national authorities in charge of cyber crisis management.<ref name=ability /> It was set up as part of the [[NIS 2 Directive]].<ref name=nis2 /> '' It was launched in 2020 and formalised in January 2023.<ref name=cyber-resilience /> The chair rotates with the [[Uachtaránacht ar Chomhairle an Aontais Eorpaigh]].<ref name=cyber-resilience/> '' EU-CyCLONe submits a report assessing its work to the [[Parlaimint na hEorpa]] and [[Comhairle an Aontais Eorpaigh]] every 18 months, starting 17 October 2024.<ref name=cyber-resilience/> == Blue OLEx '' The Blueprint Operational Level Exercise is an annual exercise involving senior cybersecurity officials from EU member states and the [[an Coimisiún Eorpach]], with [[an tAontas Eorpach]] support.<ref name=cyber-resilience/> In 2024 it was hosted in [[an Róimh]] by [[Agenzia per la Cybersicurezza Nazionale]], focused on executive level cooperation, particularly via EU-CyCLONe.<ref name=cyber-resilience/> == Naisc sheachtracha * [https://www.nis-2-directive.com/NIS_2_Directive_Article_14_(Proposal_16.12.2020).html The NIS 2 Directive, The European cyber crises liaison organisation network (EU - CyCLONe)] - Article 14 on EU-CyCLONe * [https://www.nis-2-directive.com/NIS_2_Directive_Article_16.html The NIS 2 Directive, Final Text] - Article 16 on EU-CyCLONe * [https://www.nis-2-directive.com/NIS_2_Directive_Article_17.html The NIS 2 Directive, Final Text] - Article 17, International cooperation == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = <ref name=ability>{{lua idirlín | teideal = EU countries test their ability to cooperate in the event of cyber attacks | url = https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/news/eu-countries-test-their-ability-cooperate-event-cyber-attacks | dáta = 2020-09-29 | dátarochtana = 2025-02-24 | work = [[an Coimisiún Eorpach]]}}</ref> <ref name=nis2>{{lua idirlín | teideal = Europe moves closer to stricter cybersecurity standards, reporting regs | url = https://www.theregister.com/2022/05/17/europe_nis2_cybersecurity_regulations/ | sloinne = Lyons | ainm = Jessica | dáta = 2022-05-17 | dátarochtana = 2025-02-24 | work = [[The Register]]}}</ref> <ref name=cyber-resilience>{{cite news | teideal = EU Ramps Up Cyber Resilience with Major Crisis Simulation Exercise | sloinne = Poireault | ainm = Kevin | dáta = 2024-11-11 | url = https://www.infosecurity-magazine.com/news/eu-cyber-resilience-crisis/ | dátarochtana = 2025-02-24 | work = Infosecurity Magazine}}</ref> }} == Tíreolaíocht == [[Réigiún na Teorann]] === Geografaíocht fhisiceach [[Íomhá:Glencar waterfall01.jpg| thumb | 170px | [[Loch Ghleann an Chairthe|Eas Ghleann an Chairthe]], Liatroim]] '' The region encompasses the entire northwest coast of Ireland along the [[an tAigéan Atlantach]]. Two of Ireland's longest rivers, [[an tSionainn]] and the [[an Éirne]], agus an [[Uiscebhealach na Sionainne is na hÉirne]] eatarthu. Cavan and Monaghan in the east of the region are characterized by a drumlin landscape, with hundreds of loughs interspersed between. [[Loch Aillionn]] in Leitrim is the region's largest lake, at 35 km². '' The west of the region, from [[Teallach Eathach]], County Cavan, to the Atlantic coast is largely rocky and mountainous, with coastal cliffs but also beaches in counties Sligo, Donegal and Leitrim. Leitrim has the smallest coastline of any county, at just 5&nbsp;km in length, while Donegal has the longest, at 1,134&nbsp;km. === Foraoiseacht '' there is a total of 130,345 ha of forest and woodland cover in the Border Region, equating to 11.3% of the region's land area, the national average.<ref name=govagri2017 /> '' Traditionally, the region had a very low cover forest and planting schemes were undertaken by the Department of Agriculture or [[Comhlachtaí státurraithe na hÉireann|comhlachtaí státurraithe]] such as [[Coillte]]. County Leitrim is now Ireland's most forested county at 18.9% forest cover. However, over 50% of Leitrim's forests are in private ownership.<ref name=govagri2006 /> === Aeráid '' Under [[Aicmiú aeráide Köppen]], the region experiences a maritime [[aeráid mheasartha]] [[aeráid aigéanach]], meaning cool winters, mild humid summers, and a lack of temperature extremes. Summer daytime temperatures range between 15°C agus 22°C, rarely going beyond 25°C. While the region generally experiences mild winters, upland areas typically have snow. Humidity is high year round and rainfall ranges from ~1,250&nbsp;mm ([[Marcréidh]], Sligeach) to ~1,000&nbsp;mm ([[Béal Átha hÉis]], Cabhán), evenly distributed throughout the year. <ref name=metclimate /> === Geolaíocht [[Íomhá: Benbulben2.jpg | thumb | 200px | [[Binn Ghulbain]], Contae Shligigh]] '' There are many large mountain ranges and high sea cliffs in the region, such as the [[Sléibhte Dhoire Bheatha]], [[Sliabh Liag]], the [[Binn Chuilceach]] agus [[Binn Ghulbain]]. The region is generally underlain by [[an tOrdaivíseach]] and [[an Siolúrach]] sceallaí agus gréabhacaí, laid down 417-495 million years ago. These are found in eastern Cavan and Monaghan. The bedrock of western Cavan, Leitrim and Sligo is composed mostly of [[carbónmhar]] limestones that were laid roughly 355 million years ago. However, a 1.5 billion year old narrow strip of metamorphosed gneisses extend across Sligo near [[Sliabh Gamh]].<ref name=geocavan /><ref name=geosligo /> '' County Donegal has one of the most complex geologies in Ireland. Much of the county is underlain by [[Réamhchaimbriach]] gneiss, schist and quartzite, laid down during the Grenvillian Orogeny 700 million years ago. The Border Region's highest point, [[An Earagail]], at 751 m, is composed of Precambrian quartzite. '' Ireland's oldest rocks, laid down 1.78 billion years ago, are found on the island of [[Inis Trá Tholl]].<ref name=gsi /> Inis Trá Tholl is Ireland's most northerly island, located approximately 10&nbsp;km north of [[Cionn Mhálanna]], mainland Ireland's most northerly point. '' [[Loch Súilí]] in Donegal is one of Ireland's three fjords. == Buntásc == __NOINDEX__ __NOTOC__ 6pw2tgw8h0teuqgad8ye94khrnwtlj0 1320724 1320723 2026-07-16T07:37:27Z Marcas.oduinn 33120 /* Comhlacht na Rialálaithe Eorpacha um Chumarsáid Leictreonach */ 1320724 wikitext text/x-wiki == Ceanntásc == (an t)Údarás um..., (an) G(h)níomhaireacht um... (an) Comhbheartas Talmhaíochta. Cé acu sa teideal? Féach: * [http://www.gaois.ie gaois.ie]. * ''Wikidata list'' [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Wikidata list/Contaetha na hÉireann#Réigiún na hÉireann|Réigiúin na hÉireann]]. === Réigiún === {| class="wikitable" style="width:100%; vertical-align:top;" ! style="width:50%;" | Réigiúin ! style="width:50%;" | Réigiúin NUTS |- | style="text-align:center" | [[Íomhá:IrelandRegions.png | center]] | align=center | [[Íomhá:NUTS3 Boundaries Ireland.png | center]] |- | style="vertical-align:top;" | Réigiúin na hÉireann: * (A) Tuaisceart * (B) Iarthar * (C) Iardheisceart * (D) Oirdheisceart * (E) Oirthear [BÁC] * (F) [[Lár na Tíre (Éire)]] | style="vertical-align:top;" | '''Réigiúin''' NUTS 3 na hÉireann: * [[Réigiún na Teorann|Teorainn]] * [[Réigiún an Iarthair|Iarthar]] * [[Réigiún Lár na Tíre|Lár na Tíre]] * [[Réigiún an Lár-Oirthir|Lár-Oirthear]] * [[Réigiún Bhaile Átha Cliath|Baile Átha Cliath]] * [[Réigiún an Lár-Iarthair|Lár-Iarthar]] * [[Réigiún an Oirdheiscirt|Oirdheisceart]] * [[Réigiún an Iardheiscirt|Iardheisceart]] |} {| |- | [[Íomhá:Newborderregionboundary.png | 80px]]<!--[[Íomhá:Ireland location map Border region.svg | 40px]]--> | [[Íomhá:Ireland location map West region.svg | 80px]] | [[Íomhá:Ireland location map Midlands.svg | 80px]] | [[Íomhá:Mid East Ireland 2018.png | 80px]]<!--[[Íomhá:Ireland location map Mid-East.svg | 40px]]--> | [[Íomhá:Island_of_Ireland_location_map_Dublin.svg | 80px]] | [[Íomhá:Mid-West Region Map Ireland 2018.png | 80px]]<!--[[Íomhá:Mid-West Region Map Ireland 2018.png | 40px]]--> | [[Íomhá:SE Region Ireland 2018.png | 80px]]<!--[[Íomhá:Ireland location map South East.svg | 40px]]--> | [[Íomhá:Ireland location map South West.svg | 80px]] |} === Acrainm === * [[Aicmiú Comhchoiteann na nAonad Críche maidir le Staidreamh|NUTS]] - Acáise * [[Comhordú an Eolais ar an Timpeallacht|CORINE]] - Ceolta * [[CORDIS]] - SeoTaifeach * [[Inter-Active Terminology for Europe|IATE]] - Tighe == Eile == # ''[[:en:European Union Aviation Safety Agency|European Union Aviation Safety Agency]]'' - [[Gníomhaireacht Sábháilteachta Eitlíochta an Aontais Eorpaigh]] (2002) # ''[[:en:Body of European Regulators for Electronic Communications|Body of European Regulators for Electronic Communications]]'' - [[Comhlacht na Rialálaithe Eorpacha um Chumarsáid Leictreonach]] (BEREC) (2009) &leftarrow; (BEREC Office) - [[Gníomhaireacht Tacaíochta BEREC]] (2018) # ''[[:en:Authority for European Political Parties and European Political Foundations|Authority for European Political Parties and European Political Foundations]]'' - [[Údarás um Páirtithe Polaitiúla Eorpacha agus um Fhondúireachtaí Polaitiúla Eorpacha]] (2016) # ''[[:en:EU-CyCLONe|EU-CyCLONe]]'' - [[EU-CyCLONe]] (2020) == Gníomhaireacht Sábháilteachta Eitlíochta an Aontais Eorpaigh == | keydocument1 = [https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/GA/TXT/?uri=CELEX:02018R1139-20250525 Rialachán (AE) 2018/1139] ''The '''Gníomhaireacht Sábháilteachta Eitlíochta an Aontais Eorpaigh'''<ref name=iate /> (Béarla: ''European Union Aviation Safety Agency'' ('''EASA''') is an [[Gníomhaireachtaí an Aontais Eorpaigh|agency]] of the [[an Coimisiún Eorpach]] with responsibility for civil [[aviation safety]] in the [[Aontas Eorpach]]. It carries out [[Type certificate|certification]], regulation and standardisation and also performs investigation and monitoring.<ref name=flor />{{rp|§4.3}} It collects and analyses safety data, drafts and advises on safety legislation and co-ordinates with similar organisations in other parts of the world.<ref name=flor />{{rp|§4.3}} ''The idea of a European-level aviation safety authority goes back to 1996, but the agency was legally established only in 2002; it began its work in 2003.<ref name=flor />{{rp|§4.3}} == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = <ref name=iate>{{lua idirlín | url = https://iate.europa.eu/entry/result/3569070/ga | teideal = Téarma: Gníomhaireacht Sábháilteachta Eitlíochta an Aontais Eorpaigh | foilsitheoir = [[IATE]] | dátarochtana = 16-07-2026}}</ref> <ref name=flor>Florin Coman-Kund (2018). [https://pure.eur.nl/en/publications/european-union-agencies-as-global-actors-a-legal-study-of-the-eur/ ''European Union Agencies as Global Actors: A Legal Study of the European Aviation Safety Agency, Frontex and Europol'']. Abingdon, Oxfordshire; New York, New York: Routledge. {{ISBN|9781138293045}}.</ref> }} == Comhlacht na Rialálaithe Eorpacha um Chumarsáid Leictreonach == {{WD Bosca Sonraí Eagraíochta}} keydocument1 = [https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/GA/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32018R1971 Rialachán (AE) 2018/1971] '' The '''Comhlacht na Rialálaithe Eorpacha um Chumarsáid Leictreonach'''<ref name=iate /> (Béarla: ''Body of European Regulators for Electronic Communications'' ('''BEREC''')) is the body in which the regulators of the telecommunications markets in the [[an tAontas Eorpach]] work together.<ref name=UIA /> Other participants include representatives of the [[an Coimisiún Eorpach]], as well as telecommunication regulators from the member states of the [[Limistéar Eorpach Eacnamaíoch|LEE]] and of states that are in the process of joining the EU. == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = <ref name=iate>{{lua idirlín | url = https://iate.europa.eu/entry/result/3500516/ga | teideal = Téarma: Comhlacht na Rialálaithe Eorpacha um Chumarsáid Leictreonach | foilsitheoir = [[IATE]] | dátarochtana = 15-07-2026}}</ref> <ref name=UIA>{{lua idirlín | url = https://uia.org/s/or/en/1100015682 | teideal = Body of European Regulators for Electronic Communications (BEREC) | bliain = 2024 | department=UIA Global Civil Society Database | work = uia.org | foilsitheoir = [[Union of International Associations]]}}</ref> }} == Údarás um Páirtithe Polaitiúla Eorpacha agus um Fhondúireachtaí Polaitiúla Eorpacha == {{WD Bosca Sonraí Eagraíochta}} | keydocument1 = [https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2014/1141/oj/eng Rialachán (AE, Euratom) Uimh. 1141/2014] '' An t'''Údarás um Páirtithe Polaitiúla Eorpacha agus um Fhondúireachtaí Polaitiúla Eorpacha'''<ref name=iate /> (Béarla: ''Authority for European Political Parties and European Political Foundations'' ('''APPF''') is a [[Gníomhaireachtaí an Aontais Eorpaigh|body of the European Union]] in charge of registering, controlling and imposing sanctions on [[páirtí polaitiúil Eorpach|páirtithe polaitiúla Eorpacha]] agus [[fondúireacht pholaitiúil Eorpach|fondúireachtaí polaitiúla Eorpacha]]. '' The APPF has offices sa [[an Bhruiséil|Bhruiséil]] agus i [[Strasbourg]]; since 2021, its Director has been Pascal Schonard. == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = <ref name=iate>{{lua idirlín | url = https://iate.europa.eu/entry/result/3644247/ga | teideal = Téarma: ComhlachÚdarás um Páirtithe Polaitiúla Eorpacha agus um Fhondúireachtaí Polaitiúla Eorpachat na Rialálaithe Eorpacha um Chumarsáid Leictreonach | foilsitheoir = [[IATE]] | dátarochtana = 15-07-2026}}</ref> }} {{síol-eu}} {{Gníomhaireachtaí an Aontais Eorpaigh|state=collapsed}} [[Catagóir:Gníomhaireachtaí an Aontais Eorpaigh]] == EU-CyCLONe == '' EU-CyCLONe or '''European Cyber Crisis Liaison Organisation Network''' is a cooperation network for [[European Union]] members to national authorities in charge of cyber crisis management.<ref name=ability /> It was set up as part of the [[NIS 2 Directive]].<ref name=nis2 /> '' It was launched in 2020 and formalised in January 2023.<ref name=cyber-resilience /> The chair rotates with the [[Uachtaránacht ar Chomhairle an Aontais Eorpaigh]].<ref name=cyber-resilience/> '' EU-CyCLONe submits a report assessing its work to the [[Parlaimint na hEorpa]] and [[Comhairle an Aontais Eorpaigh]] every 18 months, starting 17 October 2024.<ref name=cyber-resilience/> == Blue OLEx '' The Blueprint Operational Level Exercise is an annual exercise involving senior cybersecurity officials from EU member states and the [[an Coimisiún Eorpach]], with [[an tAontas Eorpach]] support.<ref name=cyber-resilience/> In 2024 it was hosted in [[an Róimh]] by [[Agenzia per la Cybersicurezza Nazionale]], focused on executive level cooperation, particularly via EU-CyCLONe.<ref name=cyber-resilience/> == Naisc sheachtracha * [https://www.nis-2-directive.com/NIS_2_Directive_Article_14_(Proposal_16.12.2020).html The NIS 2 Directive, The European cyber crises liaison organisation network (EU - CyCLONe)] - Article 14 on EU-CyCLONe * [https://www.nis-2-directive.com/NIS_2_Directive_Article_16.html The NIS 2 Directive, Final Text] - Article 16 on EU-CyCLONe * [https://www.nis-2-directive.com/NIS_2_Directive_Article_17.html The NIS 2 Directive, Final Text] - Article 17, International cooperation == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = <ref name=ability>{{lua idirlín | teideal = EU countries test their ability to cooperate in the event of cyber attacks | url = https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/news/eu-countries-test-their-ability-cooperate-event-cyber-attacks | dáta = 2020-09-29 | dátarochtana = 2025-02-24 | work = [[an Coimisiún Eorpach]]}}</ref> <ref name=nis2>{{lua idirlín | teideal = Europe moves closer to stricter cybersecurity standards, reporting regs | url = https://www.theregister.com/2022/05/17/europe_nis2_cybersecurity_regulations/ | sloinne = Lyons | ainm = Jessica | dáta = 2022-05-17 | dátarochtana = 2025-02-24 | work = [[The Register]]}}</ref> <ref name=cyber-resilience>{{cite news | teideal = EU Ramps Up Cyber Resilience with Major Crisis Simulation Exercise | sloinne = Poireault | ainm = Kevin | dáta = 2024-11-11 | url = https://www.infosecurity-magazine.com/news/eu-cyber-resilience-crisis/ | dátarochtana = 2025-02-24 | work = Infosecurity Magazine}}</ref> }} == Tíreolaíocht == [[Réigiún na Teorann]] === Geografaíocht fhisiceach [[Íomhá:Glencar waterfall01.jpg| thumb | 170px | [[Loch Ghleann an Chairthe|Eas Ghleann an Chairthe]], Liatroim]] '' The region encompasses the entire northwest coast of Ireland along the [[an tAigéan Atlantach]]. Two of Ireland's longest rivers, [[an tSionainn]] and the [[an Éirne]], agus an [[Uiscebhealach na Sionainne is na hÉirne]] eatarthu. Cavan and Monaghan in the east of the region are characterized by a drumlin landscape, with hundreds of loughs interspersed between. [[Loch Aillionn]] in Leitrim is the region's largest lake, at 35 km². '' The west of the region, from [[Teallach Eathach]], County Cavan, to the Atlantic coast is largely rocky and mountainous, with coastal cliffs but also beaches in counties Sligo, Donegal and Leitrim. Leitrim has the smallest coastline of any county, at just 5&nbsp;km in length, while Donegal has the longest, at 1,134&nbsp;km. === Foraoiseacht '' there is a total of 130,345 ha of forest and woodland cover in the Border Region, equating to 11.3% of the region's land area, the national average.<ref name=govagri2017 /> '' Traditionally, the region had a very low cover forest and planting schemes were undertaken by the Department of Agriculture or [[Comhlachtaí státurraithe na hÉireann|comhlachtaí státurraithe]] such as [[Coillte]]. County Leitrim is now Ireland's most forested county at 18.9% forest cover. However, over 50% of Leitrim's forests are in private ownership.<ref name=govagri2006 /> === Aeráid '' Under [[Aicmiú aeráide Köppen]], the region experiences a maritime [[aeráid mheasartha]] [[aeráid aigéanach]], meaning cool winters, mild humid summers, and a lack of temperature extremes. Summer daytime temperatures range between 15°C agus 22°C, rarely going beyond 25°C. While the region generally experiences mild winters, upland areas typically have snow. Humidity is high year round and rainfall ranges from ~1,250&nbsp;mm ([[Marcréidh]], Sligeach) to ~1,000&nbsp;mm ([[Béal Átha hÉis]], Cabhán), evenly distributed throughout the year. <ref name=metclimate /> === Geolaíocht [[Íomhá: Benbulben2.jpg | thumb | 200px | [[Binn Ghulbain]], Contae Shligigh]] '' There are many large mountain ranges and high sea cliffs in the region, such as the [[Sléibhte Dhoire Bheatha]], [[Sliabh Liag]], the [[Binn Chuilceach]] agus [[Binn Ghulbain]]. The region is generally underlain by [[an tOrdaivíseach]] and [[an Siolúrach]] sceallaí agus gréabhacaí, laid down 417-495 million years ago. These are found in eastern Cavan and Monaghan. The bedrock of western Cavan, Leitrim and Sligo is composed mostly of [[carbónmhar]] limestones that were laid roughly 355 million years ago. However, a 1.5 billion year old narrow strip of metamorphosed gneisses extend across Sligo near [[Sliabh Gamh]].<ref name=geocavan /><ref name=geosligo /> '' County Donegal has one of the most complex geologies in Ireland. Much of the county is underlain by [[Réamhchaimbriach]] gneiss, schist and quartzite, laid down during the Grenvillian Orogeny 700 million years ago. The Border Region's highest point, [[An Earagail]], at 751 m, is composed of Precambrian quartzite. '' Ireland's oldest rocks, laid down 1.78 billion years ago, are found on the island of [[Inis Trá Tholl]].<ref name=gsi /> Inis Trá Tholl is Ireland's most northerly island, located approximately 10&nbsp;km north of [[Cionn Mhálanna]], mainland Ireland's most northerly point. '' [[Loch Súilí]] in Donegal is one of Ireland's three fjords. == Buntásc == __NOINDEX__ __NOTOC__ mdjywhiru05spzfvrjpjnc6qck7gfp1 1320725 1320724 2026-07-16T07:39:10Z Marcas.oduinn 33120 1320725 wikitext text/x-wiki == Ceanntásc == (an t)Údarás um..., (an) G(h)níomhaireacht um... (an) Comhbheartas Talmhaíochta. Cé acu sa teideal? Féach: * [http://www.gaois.ie gaois.ie]. * ''Wikidata list'' [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Wikidata list/Contaetha na hÉireann#Réigiún na hÉireann|Réigiúin na hÉireann]]. === Réigiún === {| class="wikitable" style="width:100%; vertical-align:top;" ! style="width:50%;" | Réigiúin ! style="width:50%;" | Réigiúin NUTS |- | style="text-align:center" | [[Íomhá:IrelandRegions.png | center]] | align=center | [[Íomhá:NUTS3 Boundaries Ireland.png | center]] |- | style="vertical-align:top;" | Réigiúin na hÉireann: * (A) Tuaisceart * (B) Iarthar * (C) Iardheisceart * (D) Oirdheisceart * (E) Oirthear [BÁC] * (F) [[Lár na Tíre (Éire)]] | style="vertical-align:top;" | '''Réigiúin''' NUTS 3 na hÉireann: * [[Réigiún na Teorann|Teorainn]] * [[Réigiún an Iarthair|Iarthar]] * [[Réigiún Lár na Tíre|Lár na Tíre]] * [[Réigiún an Lár-Oirthir|Lár-Oirthear]] * [[Réigiún Bhaile Átha Cliath|Baile Átha Cliath]] * [[Réigiún an Lár-Iarthair|Lár-Iarthar]] * [[Réigiún an Oirdheiscirt|Oirdheisceart]] * [[Réigiún an Iardheiscirt|Iardheisceart]] |} {| |- | [[Íomhá:Newborderregionboundary.png | 80px]]<!--[[Íomhá:Ireland location map Border region.svg | 40px]]--> | [[Íomhá:Ireland location map West region.svg | 80px]] | [[Íomhá:Ireland location map Midlands.svg | 80px]] | [[Íomhá:Mid East Ireland 2018.png | 80px]]<!--[[Íomhá:Ireland location map Mid-East.svg | 40px]]--> | [[Íomhá:Island_of_Ireland_location_map_Dublin.svg | 80px]] | [[Íomhá:Mid-West Region Map Ireland 2018.png | 80px]]<!--[[Íomhá:Mid-West Region Map Ireland 2018.png | 40px]]--> | [[Íomhá:SE Region Ireland 2018.png | 80px]]<!--[[Íomhá:Ireland location map South East.svg | 40px]]--> | [[Íomhá:Ireland location map South West.svg | 80px]] |} === Acrainm === * [[Aicmiú Comhchoiteann na nAonad Críche maidir le Staidreamh|NUTS]] - Acáise * [[Comhordú an Eolais ar an Timpeallacht|CORINE]] - Ceolta * [[CORDIS]] - SeoTaifeach * [[Inter-Active Terminology for Europe|IATE]] - Tighe == Eile == # ''[[:en:European Union Aviation Safety Agency|European Union Aviation Safety Agency]]'' - [[Gníomhaireacht Sábháilteachta Eitlíochta an Aontais Eorpaigh]] (2002) # ''[[:en:Body of European Regulators for Electronic Communications|Body of European Regulators for Electronic Communications]]'' - [[Comhlacht na Rialálaithe Eorpacha um Chumarsáid Leictreonach]] (BEREC) (2009) &leftarrow; (BEREC Office) - [[Gníomhaireacht Tacaíochta BEREC]] (2018) # ''[[:en:Authority for European Political Parties and European Political Foundations|Authority for European Political Parties and European Political Foundations]]'' - [[Údarás um Páirtithe Polaitiúla Eorpacha agus um Fhondúireachtaí Polaitiúla Eorpacha]] (2016) # ''[[:en:EU-CyCLONe|EU-CyCLONe]]'' - [[EU-CyCLONe]] (2020) == Gníomhaireacht Sábháilteachta Eitlíochta an Aontais Eorpaigh == | keydocument1 = [https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/GA/TXT/?uri=CELEX:02018R1139-20250525 Rialachán (AE) 2018/1139] ''The '''Gníomhaireacht Sábháilteachta Eitlíochta an Aontais Eorpaigh'''<ref name=iate /> (Béarla: ''European Union Aviation Safety Agency'' ('''EASA''') is an [[Gníomhaireachtaí an Aontais Eorpaigh|agency]] of the [[an Coimisiún Eorpach]] with responsibility for civil [[aviation safety]] in the [[Aontas Eorpach]]. It carries out [[Type certificate|certification]], regulation and standardisation and also performs investigation and monitoring.<ref name=flor />{{rp|§4.3}} It collects and analyses safety data, drafts and advises on safety legislation and co-ordinates with similar organisations in other parts of the world.<ref name=flor />{{rp|§4.3}} ''The idea of a European-level aviation safety authority goes back to 1996, but the agency was legally established only in 2002; it began its work in 2003.<ref name=flor />{{rp|§4.3}} == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = <ref name=iate>{{lua idirlín | url = https://iate.europa.eu/entry/result/3569070/ga | teideal = Téarma: Gníomhaireacht Sábháilteachta Eitlíochta an Aontais Eorpaigh | foilsitheoir = [[IATE]] | dátarochtana = 16-07-2026}}</ref> <ref name=flor>Florin Coman-Kund (2018). [https://pure.eur.nl/en/publications/european-union-agencies-as-global-actors-a-legal-study-of-the-eur/ ''European Union Agencies as Global Actors: A Legal Study of the European Aviation Safety Agency, Frontex and Europol'']. Abingdon, Oxfordshire; New York, New York: Routledge. {{ISBN|9781138293045}}.</ref> }} == Comhlacht na Rialálaithe Eorpacha um Chumarsáid Leictreonach == {{WD Bosca Sonraí Eagraíochta}} keydocument1 = [https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/GA/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32018R1971 Rialachán (AE) 2018/1971] '' The '''Comhlacht na Rialálaithe Eorpacha um Chumarsáid Leictreonach'''<ref name=iate /> (Béarla: ''Body of European Regulators for Electronic Communications'' ('''BEREC''')) is the body in which the regulators of the telecommunications markets in the [[an tAontas Eorpach]] work together.<ref name=UIA /> Other participants include representatives of the [[an Coimisiún Eorpach]], as well as telecommunication regulators from the member states of the [[Limistéar Eorpach Eacnamaíoch|LEE]] and of states that are in the process of joining the EU. == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = <ref name=iate>{{lua idirlín | url = https://iate.europa.eu/entry/result/3500516/ga | teideal = Téarma: Comhlacht na Rialálaithe Eorpacha um Chumarsáid Leictreonach | foilsitheoir = [[IATE]] | dátarochtana = 15-07-2026}}</ref> <ref name=UIA>{{lua idirlín | url = https://uia.org/s/or/en/1100015682 | teideal = Body of European Regulators for Electronic Communications (BEREC) | bliain = 2024 | department=UIA Global Civil Society Database | work = uia.org | foilsitheoir = [[Union of International Associations]]}}</ref> }} == Údarás um Páirtithe Polaitiúla Eorpacha agus um Fhondúireachtaí Polaitiúla Eorpacha == {{WD Bosca Sonraí Eagraíochta}} | keydocument1 = [https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2014/1141/oj/eng Rialachán (AE, Euratom) Uimh. 1141/2014] '' An t'''Údarás um Páirtithe Polaitiúla Eorpacha agus um Fhondúireachtaí Polaitiúla Eorpacha'''<ref name=iate /> (Béarla: ''Authority for European Political Parties and European Political Foundations'' ('''APPF''') is a [[Gníomhaireachtaí an Aontais Eorpaigh|body of the European Union]] in charge of registering, controlling and imposing sanctions on [[páirtí polaitiúil Eorpach|páirtithe polaitiúla Eorpacha]] agus [[fondúireacht pholaitiúil Eorpach|fondúireachtaí polaitiúla Eorpacha]]. '' The APPF has offices sa [[an Bhruiséil|Bhruiséil]] agus i [[Strasbourg]]; since 2021, its Director has been Pascal Schonard. == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = <ref name=iate>{{lua idirlín | url = https://iate.europa.eu/entry/result/3644247/ga | teideal = Téarma: ComhlachÚdarás um Páirtithe Polaitiúla Eorpacha agus um Fhondúireachtaí Polaitiúla Eorpachat na Rialálaithe Eorpacha um Chumarsáid Leictreonach | foilsitheoir = [[IATE]] | dátarochtana = 15-07-2026}}</ref> }} {{síol-eu}} {{Gníomhaireachtaí an Aontais Eorpaigh|state=collapsed}} [[Catagóir:Gníomhaireachtaí an Aontais Eorpaigh]] == EU-CyCLONe == '' EU-CyCLONe or '''European Cyber Crisis Liaison Organisation Network''' is a cooperation network for [[European Union]] members to national authorities in charge of cyber crisis management.<ref name=ability /> It was set up as part of the [[NIS 2 Directive]].<ref name=nis2 /> '' It was launched in 2020 and formalised in January 2023.<ref name=cyber-resilience /> The chair rotates with the [[Uachtaránacht ar Chomhairle an Aontais Eorpaigh]].<ref name=cyber-resilience/> '' EU-CyCLONe submits a report assessing its work to the [[Parlaimint na hEorpa]] and [[Comhairle an Aontais Eorpaigh]] every 18 months, starting 17 October 2024.<ref name=cyber-resilience/> == Blue OLEx '' The Blueprint Operational Level Exercise is an annual exercise involving senior cybersecurity officials from EU member states and the [[an Coimisiún Eorpach]], with [[an tAontas Eorpach]] support.<ref name=cyber-resilience/> In 2024 it was hosted in [[an Róimh]] by [[Agenzia per la Cybersicurezza Nazionale]], focused on executive level cooperation, particularly via EU-CyCLONe.<ref name=cyber-resilience/> == Naisc sheachtracha * [https://www.nis-2-directive.com/NIS_2_Directive_Article_14_(Proposal_16.12.2020).html The NIS 2 Directive, The European cyber crises liaison organisation network (EU - CyCLONe)] - Article 14 on EU-CyCLONe * [https://www.nis-2-directive.com/NIS_2_Directive_Article_16.html The NIS 2 Directive, Final Text] - Article 16 on EU-CyCLONe * [https://www.nis-2-directive.com/NIS_2_Directive_Article_17.html The NIS 2 Directive, Final Text] - Article 17, International cooperation == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = <ref name=ability>{{lua idirlín | teideal = EU countries test their ability to cooperate in the event of cyber attacks | url = https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/news/eu-countries-test-their-ability-cooperate-event-cyber-attacks | dáta = 2020-09-29 | dátarochtana = 2025-02-24 | work = [[an Coimisiún Eorpach]]}}</ref> <ref name=nis2>{{lua idirlín | teideal = Europe moves closer to stricter cybersecurity standards, reporting regs | url = https://www.theregister.com/2022/05/17/europe_nis2_cybersecurity_regulations/ | sloinne = Lyons | ainm = Jessica | dáta = 2022-05-17 | dátarochtana = 2025-02-24 | work = [[The Register]]}}</ref> <ref name=cyber-resilience>{{cite news | teideal = EU Ramps Up Cyber Resilience with Major Crisis Simulation Exercise | sloinne = Poireault | ainm = Kevin | dáta = 2024-11-11 | url = https://www.infosecurity-magazine.com/news/eu-cyber-resilience-crisis/ | dátarochtana = 2025-02-24 | work = Infosecurity Magazine}}</ref> }} == Tíreolaíocht == [[Réigiún na Teorann]] === Geografaíocht fhisiceach [[Íomhá:Glencar waterfall01.jpg| thumb | 170px | [[Loch Ghleann an Chairthe|Eas Ghleann an Chairthe]], Liatroim]] '' The region encompasses the entire northwest coast of Ireland along the [[an tAigéan Atlantach]]. Two of Ireland's longest rivers, [[an tSionainn]] and the [[an Éirne]], agus an [[Uiscebhealach na Sionainne is na hÉirne]] eatarthu. Cavan and Monaghan in the east of the region are characterized by a drumlin landscape, with hundreds of loughs interspersed between. [[Loch Aillionn]] in Leitrim is the region's largest lake, at 35 km². '' The west of the region, from [[Teallach Eathach]], County Cavan, to the Atlantic coast is largely rocky and mountainous, with coastal cliffs but also beaches in counties Sligo, Donegal and Leitrim. Leitrim has the smallest coastline of any county, at just 5&nbsp;km in length, while Donegal has the longest, at 1,134&nbsp;km. === Foraoiseacht '' there is a total of 130,345 ha of forest and woodland cover in the Border Region, equating to 11.3% of the region's land area, the national average.<ref name=govagri2017 /> '' Traditionally, the region had a very low cover forest and planting schemes were undertaken by the Department of Agriculture or [[Comhlachtaí státurraithe na hÉireann|comhlachtaí státurraithe]] such as [[Coillte]]. County Leitrim is now Ireland's most forested county at 18.9% forest cover. However, over 50% of Leitrim's forests are in private ownership.<ref name=govagri2006 /> === Aeráid '' Under [[Aicmiú aeráide Köppen]], the region experiences a maritime [[aeráid mheasartha]] [[aeráid aigéanach]], meaning cool winters, mild humid summers, and a lack of temperature extremes. Summer daytime temperatures range between 15°C agus 22°C, rarely going beyond 25°C. While the region generally experiences mild winters, upland areas typically have snow. Humidity is high year round and rainfall ranges from ~1,250&nbsp;mm ([[Marcréidh]], Sligeach) to ~1,000&nbsp;mm ([[Béal Átha hÉis]], Cabhán), evenly distributed throughout the year. <ref name=metclimate /> === Geolaíocht [[Íomhá: Benbulben2.jpg | thumb | 200px | [[Binn Ghulbain]], Contae Shligigh]] '' There are many large mountain ranges and high sea cliffs in the region, such as the [[Sléibhte Dhoire Bheatha]], [[Sliabh Liag]], the [[Binn Chuilceach]] agus [[Binn Ghulbain]]. The region is generally underlain by [[an tOrdaivíseach]] and [[an Siolúrach]] sceallaí agus gréabhacaí, laid down 417-495 million years ago. These are found in eastern Cavan and Monaghan. The bedrock of western Cavan, Leitrim and Sligo is composed mostly of [[carbónmhar]] limestones that were laid roughly 355 million years ago. However, a 1.5 billion year old narrow strip of metamorphosed gneisses extend across Sligo near [[Sliabh Gamh]].<ref name=geocavan /><ref name=geosligo /> '' County Donegal has one of the most complex geologies in Ireland. Much of the county is underlain by [[Réamhchaimbriach]] gneiss, schist and quartzite, laid down during the Grenvillian Orogeny 700 million years ago. The Border Region's highest point, [[An Earagail]], at 751 m, is composed of Precambrian quartzite. '' Ireland's oldest rocks, laid down 1.78 billion years ago, are found on the island of [[Inis Trá Tholl]].<ref name=gsi /> Inis Trá Tholl is Ireland's most northerly island, located approximately 10&nbsp;km north of [[Cionn Mhálanna]], mainland Ireland's most northerly point. '' [[Loch Súilí]] in Donegal is one of Ireland's three fjords. == Buntásc == __NOINDEX__ __NOTOC__ 3jyo0pub74icdksfcxxayqrgih77ug9 1320726 1320725 2026-07-16T07:39:38Z Marcas.oduinn 33120 1320726 wikitext text/x-wiki == Ceanntásc == (an t)Údarás um..., (an) G(h)níomhaireacht um... (an) Comhbheartas Talmhaíochta. Cé acu sa teideal? Féach: * [http://www.gaois.ie gaois.ie]. * ''Wikidata list'' [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Wikidata list/Contaetha na hÉireann#Réigiún na hÉireann|Réigiúin na hÉireann]]. === Réigiún === {| class="wikitable" style="width:100%; vertical-align:top;" ! style="width:50%;" | Réigiúin ! style="width:50%;" | Réigiúin NUTS |- | style="text-align:center" | [[Íomhá:IrelandRegions.png | center]] | align=center | [[Íomhá:NUTS3 Boundaries Ireland.png | center]] |- | style="vertical-align:top;" | Réigiúin na hÉireann: * (A) Tuaisceart * (B) Iarthar * (C) Iardheisceart * (D) Oirdheisceart * (E) Oirthear [BÁC] * (F) [[Lár na Tíre (Éire)]] | style="vertical-align:top;" | '''Réigiúin''' NUTS 3 na hÉireann: * [[Réigiún na Teorann|Teorainn]] * [[Réigiún an Iarthair|Iarthar]] * [[Réigiún Lár na Tíre|Lár na Tíre]] * [[Réigiún an Lár-Oirthir|Lár-Oirthear]] * [[Réigiún Bhaile Átha Cliath|Baile Átha Cliath]] * [[Réigiún an Lár-Iarthair|Lár-Iarthar]] * [[Réigiún an Oirdheiscirt|Oirdheisceart]] * [[Réigiún an Iardheiscirt|Iardheisceart]] |} {| |- | [[Íomhá:Newborderregionboundary.png | 80px]]<!--[[Íomhá:Ireland location map Border region.svg | 40px]]--> | [[Íomhá:Ireland location map West region.svg | 80px]] | [[Íomhá:Ireland location map Midlands.svg | 80px]] | [[Íomhá:Mid East Ireland 2018.png | 80px]]<!--[[Íomhá:Ireland location map Mid-East.svg | 40px]]--> | [[Íomhá:Island_of_Ireland_location_map_Dublin.svg | 80px]] | [[Íomhá:Mid-West Region Map Ireland 2018.png | 80px]]<!--[[Íomhá:Mid-West Region Map Ireland 2018.png | 40px]]--> | [[Íomhá:SE Region Ireland 2018.png | 80px]]<!--[[Íomhá:Ireland location map South East.svg | 40px]]--> | [[Íomhá:Ireland location map South West.svg | 80px]] |} === Acrainm === * [[Aicmiú Comhchoiteann na nAonad Críche maidir le Staidreamh|NUTS]] - Acáise * [[Comhordú an Eolais ar an Timpeallacht|CORINE]] - Ceolta * [[CORDIS]] - SeoTaifeach * [[Inter-Active Terminology for Europe|IATE]] - Tighe == Eile == # ''[[:en:European Union Aviation Safety Agency|European Union Aviation Safety Agency]]'' - [[Gníomhaireacht Sábháilteachta Eitlíochta an Aontais Eorpaigh]] (2002) # ''[[:en:Body of European Regulators for Electronic Communications|Body of European Regulators for Electronic Communications]]'' - [[Comhlacht na Rialálaithe Eorpacha um Chumarsáid Leictreonach]] (BEREC) (2009) &leftarrow; (BEREC Office) - [[Gníomhaireacht Tacaíochta BEREC]] (2018) # ''[[:en:Authority for European Political Parties and European Political Foundations|Authority for European Political Parties and European Political Foundations]]'' - [[Údarás um Páirtithe Polaitiúla Eorpacha agus um Fhondúireachtaí Polaitiúla Eorpacha]] (2016) # ''[[:en:EU-CyCLONe|EU-CyCLONe]]'' - [[EU-CyCLONe]] (2020) == Gníomhaireacht Sábháilteachta Eitlíochta an Aontais Eorpaigh == | keydocument1 = [https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/GA/TXT/?uri=CELEX:02018R1139-20250525 Rialachán (AE) 2018/1139] ''The '''Gníomhaireacht Sábháilteachta Eitlíochta an Aontais Eorpaigh'''<ref name=iate /> (Béarla: ''European Union Aviation Safety Agency'' ('''EASA''') is an [[Gníomhaireachtaí an Aontais Eorpaigh|agency]] of the [[an Coimisiún Eorpach]] with responsibility for civil [[aviation safety]] in the [[Aontas Eorpach]]. It carries out [[Type certificate|certification]], regulation and standardisation and also performs investigation and monitoring.<ref name=flor />{{rp|§4.3}} It collects and analyses safety data, drafts and advises on safety legislation and co-ordinates with similar organisations in other parts of the world.<ref name=flor />{{rp|§4.3}} ''The idea of a European-level aviation safety authority goes back to 1996, but the agency was legally established only in 2002; it began its work in 2003.<ref name=flor />{{rp|§4.3}} == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = <ref name=iate>{{lua idirlín | url = https://iate.europa.eu/entry/result/3569070/ga | teideal = Téarma: Gníomhaireacht Sábháilteachta Eitlíochta an Aontais Eorpaigh | foilsitheoir = [[IATE]] | dátarochtana = 16-07-2026}}</ref> <ref name=flor>Florin Coman-Kund (2018). [https://pure.eur.nl/en/publications/european-union-agencies-as-global-actors-a-legal-study-of-the-eur/ ''European Union Agencies as Global Actors: A Legal Study of the European Aviation Safety Agency, Frontex and Europol'']. Abingdon, Oxfordshire; New York, New York: Routledge. {{ISBN|9781138293045}}.</ref> }} == Comhlacht na Rialálaithe Eorpacha um Chumarsáid Leictreonach == {{WD Bosca Sonraí Eagraíochta}} keydocument1 = [https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/GA/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32018R1971 Rialachán (AE) 2018/1971] '' The '''Comhlacht na Rialálaithe Eorpacha um Chumarsáid Leictreonach'''<ref name=iate /> (Béarla: ''Body of European Regulators for Electronic Communications'' ('''BEREC''')) is the body in which the regulators of the telecommunications markets in the [[an tAontas Eorpach]] work together.<ref name=UIA /> Other participants include representatives of the [[an Coimisiún Eorpach]], as well as telecommunication regulators from the member states of the [[Limistéar Eorpach Eacnamaíoch|LEE]] and of states that are in the process of joining the EU. == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = <ref name=iate>{{lua idirlín | url = https://iate.europa.eu/entry/result/3500516/ga | teideal = Téarma: Comhlacht na Rialálaithe Eorpacha um Chumarsáid Leictreonach | foilsitheoir = [[IATE]] | dátarochtana = 15-07-2026}}</ref> <ref name=UIA>{{lua idirlín | url = https://uia.org/s/or/en/1100015682 | teideal = Body of European Regulators for Electronic Communications (BEREC) | bliain = 2024 | department=UIA Global Civil Society Database | work = uia.org | foilsitheoir = [[Union of International Associations]]}}</ref> }} {{síol-eu}} == Údarás um Páirtithe Polaitiúla Eorpacha agus um Fhondúireachtaí Polaitiúla Eorpacha == {{WD Bosca Sonraí Eagraíochta}} | keydocument1 = [https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2014/1141/oj/eng Rialachán (AE, Euratom) Uimh. 1141/2014] '' An t'''Údarás um Páirtithe Polaitiúla Eorpacha agus um Fhondúireachtaí Polaitiúla Eorpacha'''<ref name=iate /> (Béarla: ''Authority for European Political Parties and European Political Foundations'' ('''APPF''') is a [[Gníomhaireachtaí an Aontais Eorpaigh|body of the European Union]] in charge of registering, controlling and imposing sanctions on [[páirtí polaitiúil Eorpach|páirtithe polaitiúla Eorpacha]] agus [[fondúireacht pholaitiúil Eorpach|fondúireachtaí polaitiúla Eorpacha]]. '' The APPF has offices sa [[an Bhruiséil|Bhruiséil]] agus i [[Strasbourg]]; since 2021, its Director has been Pascal Schonard. == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = <ref name=iate>{{lua idirlín | url = https://iate.europa.eu/entry/result/3644247/ga | teideal = Téarma: ComhlachÚdarás um Páirtithe Polaitiúla Eorpacha agus um Fhondúireachtaí Polaitiúla Eorpachat na Rialálaithe Eorpacha um Chumarsáid Leictreonach | foilsitheoir = [[IATE]] | dátarochtana = 15-07-2026}}</ref> }} {{síol-eu}} {{Gníomhaireachtaí an Aontais Eorpaigh|state=collapsed}} [[Catagóir:Gníomhaireachtaí an Aontais Eorpaigh]] == EU-CyCLONe == '' EU-CyCLONe or '''European Cyber Crisis Liaison Organisation Network''' is a cooperation network for [[European Union]] members to national authorities in charge of cyber crisis management.<ref name=ability /> It was set up as part of the [[NIS 2 Directive]].<ref name=nis2 /> '' It was launched in 2020 and formalised in January 2023.<ref name=cyber-resilience /> The chair rotates with the [[Uachtaránacht ar Chomhairle an Aontais Eorpaigh]].<ref name=cyber-resilience/> '' EU-CyCLONe submits a report assessing its work to the [[Parlaimint na hEorpa]] and [[Comhairle an Aontais Eorpaigh]] every 18 months, starting 17 October 2024.<ref name=cyber-resilience/> == Blue OLEx '' The Blueprint Operational Level Exercise is an annual exercise involving senior cybersecurity officials from EU member states and the [[an Coimisiún Eorpach]], with [[an tAontas Eorpach]] support.<ref name=cyber-resilience/> In 2024 it was hosted in [[an Róimh]] by [[Agenzia per la Cybersicurezza Nazionale]], focused on executive level cooperation, particularly via EU-CyCLONe.<ref name=cyber-resilience/> == Naisc sheachtracha * [https://www.nis-2-directive.com/NIS_2_Directive_Article_14_(Proposal_16.12.2020).html The NIS 2 Directive, The European cyber crises liaison organisation network (EU - CyCLONe)] - Article 14 on EU-CyCLONe * [https://www.nis-2-directive.com/NIS_2_Directive_Article_16.html The NIS 2 Directive, Final Text] - Article 16 on EU-CyCLONe * [https://www.nis-2-directive.com/NIS_2_Directive_Article_17.html The NIS 2 Directive, Final Text] - Article 17, International cooperation == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = <ref name=ability>{{lua idirlín | teideal = EU countries test their ability to cooperate in the event of cyber attacks | url = https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/news/eu-countries-test-their-ability-cooperate-event-cyber-attacks | dáta = 2020-09-29 | dátarochtana = 2025-02-24 | work = [[an Coimisiún Eorpach]]}}</ref> <ref name=nis2>{{lua idirlín | teideal = Europe moves closer to stricter cybersecurity standards, reporting regs | url = https://www.theregister.com/2022/05/17/europe_nis2_cybersecurity_regulations/ | sloinne = Lyons | ainm = Jessica | dáta = 2022-05-17 | dátarochtana = 2025-02-24 | work = [[The Register]]}}</ref> <ref name=cyber-resilience>{{cite news | teideal = EU Ramps Up Cyber Resilience with Major Crisis Simulation Exercise | sloinne = Poireault | ainm = Kevin | dáta = 2024-11-11 | url = https://www.infosecurity-magazine.com/news/eu-cyber-resilience-crisis/ | dátarochtana = 2025-02-24 | work = Infosecurity Magazine}}</ref> }} == Tíreolaíocht == [[Réigiún na Teorann]] === Geografaíocht fhisiceach [[Íomhá:Glencar waterfall01.jpg| thumb | 170px | [[Loch Ghleann an Chairthe|Eas Ghleann an Chairthe]], Liatroim]] '' The region encompasses the entire northwest coast of Ireland along the [[an tAigéan Atlantach]]. Two of Ireland's longest rivers, [[an tSionainn]] and the [[an Éirne]], agus an [[Uiscebhealach na Sionainne is na hÉirne]] eatarthu. Cavan and Monaghan in the east of the region are characterized by a drumlin landscape, with hundreds of loughs interspersed between. [[Loch Aillionn]] in Leitrim is the region's largest lake, at 35 km². '' The west of the region, from [[Teallach Eathach]], County Cavan, to the Atlantic coast is largely rocky and mountainous, with coastal cliffs but also beaches in counties Sligo, Donegal and Leitrim. Leitrim has the smallest coastline of any county, at just 5&nbsp;km in length, while Donegal has the longest, at 1,134&nbsp;km. === Foraoiseacht '' there is a total of 130,345 ha of forest and woodland cover in the Border Region, equating to 11.3% of the region's land area, the national average.<ref name=govagri2017 /> '' Traditionally, the region had a very low cover forest and planting schemes were undertaken by the Department of Agriculture or [[Comhlachtaí státurraithe na hÉireann|comhlachtaí státurraithe]] such as [[Coillte]]. County Leitrim is now Ireland's most forested county at 18.9% forest cover. However, over 50% of Leitrim's forests are in private ownership.<ref name=govagri2006 /> === Aeráid '' Under [[Aicmiú aeráide Köppen]], the region experiences a maritime [[aeráid mheasartha]] [[aeráid aigéanach]], meaning cool winters, mild humid summers, and a lack of temperature extremes. Summer daytime temperatures range between 15°C agus 22°C, rarely going beyond 25°C. While the region generally experiences mild winters, upland areas typically have snow. Humidity is high year round and rainfall ranges from ~1,250&nbsp;mm ([[Marcréidh]], Sligeach) to ~1,000&nbsp;mm ([[Béal Átha hÉis]], Cabhán), evenly distributed throughout the year. <ref name=metclimate /> === Geolaíocht [[Íomhá: Benbulben2.jpg | thumb | 200px | [[Binn Ghulbain]], Contae Shligigh]] '' There are many large mountain ranges and high sea cliffs in the region, such as the [[Sléibhte Dhoire Bheatha]], [[Sliabh Liag]], the [[Binn Chuilceach]] agus [[Binn Ghulbain]]. The region is generally underlain by [[an tOrdaivíseach]] and [[an Siolúrach]] sceallaí agus gréabhacaí, laid down 417-495 million years ago. These are found in eastern Cavan and Monaghan. The bedrock of western Cavan, Leitrim and Sligo is composed mostly of [[carbónmhar]] limestones that were laid roughly 355 million years ago. However, a 1.5 billion year old narrow strip of metamorphosed gneisses extend across Sligo near [[Sliabh Gamh]].<ref name=geocavan /><ref name=geosligo /> '' County Donegal has one of the most complex geologies in Ireland. Much of the county is underlain by [[Réamhchaimbriach]] gneiss, schist and quartzite, laid down during the Grenvillian Orogeny 700 million years ago. The Border Region's highest point, [[An Earagail]], at 751 m, is composed of Precambrian quartzite. '' Ireland's oldest rocks, laid down 1.78 billion years ago, are found on the island of [[Inis Trá Tholl]].<ref name=gsi /> Inis Trá Tholl is Ireland's most northerly island, located approximately 10&nbsp;km north of [[Cionn Mhálanna]], mainland Ireland's most northerly point. '' [[Loch Súilí]] in Donegal is one of Ireland's three fjords. == Buntásc == __NOINDEX__ __NOTOC__ ifnmyzox4k4a5c1bn3mklm5nquclx4x 1320727 1320726 2026-07-16T07:40:36Z Marcas.oduinn 33120 1320727 wikitext text/x-wiki == Ceanntásc == (an t)Údarás um..., (an) G(h)níomhaireacht um... (an) Comhbheartas Talmhaíochta. Cé acu sa teideal? Féach: * [http://www.gaois.ie gaois.ie]. * ''Wikidata list'' [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Wikidata list/Contaetha na hÉireann#Réigiún na hÉireann|Réigiúin na hÉireann]]. === Réigiún === {| class="wikitable" style="width:100%; vertical-align:top;" ! style="width:50%;" | Réigiúin ! style="width:50%;" | Réigiúin NUTS |- | style="text-align:center" | [[Íomhá:IrelandRegions.png | center]] | align=center | [[Íomhá:NUTS3 Boundaries Ireland.png | center]] |- | style="vertical-align:top;" | Réigiúin na hÉireann: * (A) Tuaisceart * (B) Iarthar * (C) Iardheisceart * (D) Oirdheisceart * (E) Oirthear [BÁC] * (F) [[Lár na Tíre (Éire)]] | style="vertical-align:top;" | '''Réigiúin''' NUTS 3 na hÉireann: * [[Réigiún na Teorann|Teorainn]] * [[Réigiún an Iarthair|Iarthar]] * [[Réigiún Lár na Tíre|Lár na Tíre]] * [[Réigiún an Lár-Oirthir|Lár-Oirthear]] * [[Réigiún Bhaile Átha Cliath|Baile Átha Cliath]] * [[Réigiún an Lár-Iarthair|Lár-Iarthar]] * [[Réigiún an Oirdheiscirt|Oirdheisceart]] * [[Réigiún an Iardheiscirt|Iardheisceart]] |} {| |- | [[Íomhá:Newborderregionboundary.png | 80px]]<!--[[Íomhá:Ireland location map Border region.svg | 40px]]--> | [[Íomhá:Ireland location map West region.svg | 80px]] | [[Íomhá:Ireland location map Midlands.svg | 80px]] | [[Íomhá:Mid East Ireland 2018.png | 80px]]<!--[[Íomhá:Ireland location map Mid-East.svg | 40px]]--> | [[Íomhá:Island_of_Ireland_location_map_Dublin.svg | 80px]] | [[Íomhá:Mid-West Region Map Ireland 2018.png | 80px]]<!--[[Íomhá:Mid-West Region Map Ireland 2018.png | 40px]]--> | [[Íomhá:SE Region Ireland 2018.png | 80px]]<!--[[Íomhá:Ireland location map South East.svg | 40px]]--> | [[Íomhá:Ireland location map South West.svg | 80px]] |} === Acrainm === * [[Aicmiú Comhchoiteann na nAonad Críche maidir le Staidreamh|NUTS]] - Acáise * [[Comhordú an Eolais ar an Timpeallacht|CORINE]] - Ceolta * [[CORDIS]] - SeoTaifeach * [[Inter-Active Terminology for Europe|IATE]] - Tighe == Eile == # ''[[:en:European Union Aviation Safety Agency|European Union Aviation Safety Agency]]'' - [[Gníomhaireacht Sábháilteachta Eitlíochta an Aontais Eorpaigh]] (2002) # ''[[:en:Body of European Regulators for Electronic Communications|Body of European Regulators for Electronic Communications]]'' - [[Comhlacht na Rialálaithe Eorpacha um Chumarsáid Leictreonach]] (BEREC) (2009) &leftarrow; (BEREC Office) - [[Gníomhaireacht Tacaíochta BEREC]] (2018) # ''[[:en:Authority for European Political Parties and European Political Foundations|Authority for European Political Parties and European Political Foundations]]'' - [[Údarás um Páirtithe Polaitiúla Eorpacha agus um Fhondúireachtaí Polaitiúla Eorpacha]] (2016) # ''[[:en:EU-CyCLONe|EU-CyCLONe]]'' - [[EU-CyCLONe]] (2020) == Gníomhaireacht Sábháilteachta Eitlíochta an Aontais Eorpaigh == | keydocument1 = [https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/GA/TXT/?uri=CELEX:02018R1139-20250525 Rialachán (AE) 2018/1139] ''The '''Gníomhaireacht Sábháilteachta Eitlíochta an Aontais Eorpaigh'''<ref name=iate /> (Béarla: ''European Union Aviation Safety Agency'' ('''EASA''') is an [[Gníomhaireachtaí an Aontais Eorpaigh|agency]] of the [[an Coimisiún Eorpach]] with responsibility for civil [[aviation safety]] in the [[Aontas Eorpach]]. It carries out [[Type certificate|certification]], regulation and standardisation and also performs investigation and monitoring.<ref name=flor />{{rp|§4.3}} It collects and analyses safety data, drafts and advises on safety legislation and co-ordinates with similar organisations in other parts of the world.<ref name=flor />{{rp|§4.3}} ''The idea of a European-level aviation safety authority goes back to 1996, but the agency was legally established only in 2002; it began its work in 2003.<ref name=flor />{{rp|§4.3}} == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = <ref name=iate>{{lua idirlín | url = https://iate.europa.eu/entry/result/3569070/ga | teideal = Téarma: Gníomhaireacht Sábháilteachta Eitlíochta an Aontais Eorpaigh | foilsitheoir = [[IATE]] | dátarochtana = 16-07-2026}}</ref> <ref name=flor>Florin Coman-Kund (2018). [https://pure.eur.nl/en/publications/european-union-agencies-as-global-actors-a-legal-study-of-the-eur/ ''European Union Agencies as Global Actors: A Legal Study of the European Aviation Safety Agency, Frontex and Europol'']. Abingdon, Oxfordshire; New York, New York: Routledge. {{ISBN|9781138293045}}.</ref> }} {{síol-eu}} {{Gníomhaireachtaí an Aontais Eorpaigh|state=collapsed}} [[Catagóir:Gníomhaireachtaí an Aontais Eorpaigh]] == Comhlacht na Rialálaithe Eorpacha um Chumarsáid Leictreonach == {{WD Bosca Sonraí Eagraíochta}} keydocument1 = [https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/GA/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32018R1971 Rialachán (AE) 2018/1971] '' The '''Comhlacht na Rialálaithe Eorpacha um Chumarsáid Leictreonach'''<ref name=iate /> (Béarla: ''Body of European Regulators for Electronic Communications'' ('''BEREC''')) is the body in which the regulators of the telecommunications markets in the [[an tAontas Eorpach]] work together.<ref name=UIA /> Other participants include representatives of the [[an Coimisiún Eorpach]], as well as telecommunication regulators from the member states of the [[Limistéar Eorpach Eacnamaíoch|LEE]] and of states that are in the process of joining the EU. == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = <ref name=iate>{{lua idirlín | url = https://iate.europa.eu/entry/result/3500516/ga | teideal = Téarma: Comhlacht na Rialálaithe Eorpacha um Chumarsáid Leictreonach | foilsitheoir = [[IATE]] | dátarochtana = 15-07-2026}}</ref> <ref name=UIA>{{lua idirlín | url = https://uia.org/s/or/en/1100015682 | teideal = Body of European Regulators for Electronic Communications (BEREC) | bliain = 2024 | department=UIA Global Civil Society Database | work = uia.org | foilsitheoir = [[Union of International Associations]]}}</ref> }} {{síol-eu}} == Údarás um Páirtithe Polaitiúla Eorpacha agus um Fhondúireachtaí Polaitiúla Eorpacha == {{WD Bosca Sonraí Eagraíochta}} | keydocument1 = [https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2014/1141/oj/eng Rialachán (AE, Euratom) Uimh. 1141/2014] '' An t'''Údarás um Páirtithe Polaitiúla Eorpacha agus um Fhondúireachtaí Polaitiúla Eorpacha'''<ref name=iate /> (Béarla: ''Authority for European Political Parties and European Political Foundations'' ('''APPF''') is a [[Gníomhaireachtaí an Aontais Eorpaigh|body of the European Union]] in charge of registering, controlling and imposing sanctions on [[páirtí polaitiúil Eorpach|páirtithe polaitiúla Eorpacha]] agus [[fondúireacht pholaitiúil Eorpach|fondúireachtaí polaitiúla Eorpacha]]. '' The APPF has offices sa [[an Bhruiséil|Bhruiséil]] agus i [[Strasbourg]]; since 2021, its Director has been Pascal Schonard. == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = <ref name=iate>{{lua idirlín | url = https://iate.europa.eu/entry/result/3644247/ga | teideal = Téarma: ComhlachÚdarás um Páirtithe Polaitiúla Eorpacha agus um Fhondúireachtaí Polaitiúla Eorpachat na Rialálaithe Eorpacha um Chumarsáid Leictreonach | foilsitheoir = [[IATE]] | dátarochtana = 15-07-2026}}</ref> }} {{síol-eu}} {{Gníomhaireachtaí an Aontais Eorpaigh|state=collapsed}} [[Catagóir:Gníomhaireachtaí an Aontais Eorpaigh]] == EU-CyCLONe == '' EU-CyCLONe or '''European Cyber Crisis Liaison Organisation Network''' is a cooperation network for [[European Union]] members to national authorities in charge of cyber crisis management.<ref name=ability /> It was set up as part of the [[NIS 2 Directive]].<ref name=nis2 /> '' It was launched in 2020 and formalised in January 2023.<ref name=cyber-resilience /> The chair rotates with the [[Uachtaránacht ar Chomhairle an Aontais Eorpaigh]].<ref name=cyber-resilience/> '' EU-CyCLONe submits a report assessing its work to the [[Parlaimint na hEorpa]] and [[Comhairle an Aontais Eorpaigh]] every 18 months, starting 17 October 2024.<ref name=cyber-resilience/> == Blue OLEx '' The Blueprint Operational Level Exercise is an annual exercise involving senior cybersecurity officials from EU member states and the [[an Coimisiún Eorpach]], with [[an tAontas Eorpach]] support.<ref name=cyber-resilience/> In 2024 it was hosted in [[an Róimh]] by [[Agenzia per la Cybersicurezza Nazionale]], focused on executive level cooperation, particularly via EU-CyCLONe.<ref name=cyber-resilience/> == Naisc sheachtracha * [https://www.nis-2-directive.com/NIS_2_Directive_Article_14_(Proposal_16.12.2020).html The NIS 2 Directive, The European cyber crises liaison organisation network (EU - CyCLONe)] - Article 14 on EU-CyCLONe * [https://www.nis-2-directive.com/NIS_2_Directive_Article_16.html The NIS 2 Directive, Final Text] - Article 16 on EU-CyCLONe * [https://www.nis-2-directive.com/NIS_2_Directive_Article_17.html The NIS 2 Directive, Final Text] - Article 17, International cooperation == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = <ref name=ability>{{lua idirlín | teideal = EU countries test their ability to cooperate in the event of cyber attacks | url = https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/news/eu-countries-test-their-ability-cooperate-event-cyber-attacks | dáta = 2020-09-29 | dátarochtana = 2025-02-24 | work = [[an Coimisiún Eorpach]]}}</ref> <ref name=nis2>{{lua idirlín | teideal = Europe moves closer to stricter cybersecurity standards, reporting regs | url = https://www.theregister.com/2022/05/17/europe_nis2_cybersecurity_regulations/ | sloinne = Lyons | ainm = Jessica | dáta = 2022-05-17 | dátarochtana = 2025-02-24 | work = [[The Register]]}}</ref> <ref name=cyber-resilience>{{cite news | teideal = EU Ramps Up Cyber Resilience with Major Crisis Simulation Exercise | sloinne = Poireault | ainm = Kevin | dáta = 2024-11-11 | url = https://www.infosecurity-magazine.com/news/eu-cyber-resilience-crisis/ | dátarochtana = 2025-02-24 | work = Infosecurity Magazine}}</ref> }} == Tíreolaíocht == [[Réigiún na Teorann]] === Geografaíocht fhisiceach [[Íomhá:Glencar waterfall01.jpg| thumb | 170px | [[Loch Ghleann an Chairthe|Eas Ghleann an Chairthe]], Liatroim]] '' The region encompasses the entire northwest coast of Ireland along the [[an tAigéan Atlantach]]. Two of Ireland's longest rivers, [[an tSionainn]] and the [[an Éirne]], agus an [[Uiscebhealach na Sionainne is na hÉirne]] eatarthu. Cavan and Monaghan in the east of the region are characterized by a drumlin landscape, with hundreds of loughs interspersed between. [[Loch Aillionn]] in Leitrim is the region's largest lake, at 35 km². '' The west of the region, from [[Teallach Eathach]], County Cavan, to the Atlantic coast is largely rocky and mountainous, with coastal cliffs but also beaches in counties Sligo, Donegal and Leitrim. Leitrim has the smallest coastline of any county, at just 5&nbsp;km in length, while Donegal has the longest, at 1,134&nbsp;km. === Foraoiseacht '' there is a total of 130,345 ha of forest and woodland cover in the Border Region, equating to 11.3% of the region's land area, the national average.<ref name=govagri2017 /> '' Traditionally, the region had a very low cover forest and planting schemes were undertaken by the Department of Agriculture or [[Comhlachtaí státurraithe na hÉireann|comhlachtaí státurraithe]] such as [[Coillte]]. County Leitrim is now Ireland's most forested county at 18.9% forest cover. However, over 50% of Leitrim's forests are in private ownership.<ref name=govagri2006 /> === Aeráid '' Under [[Aicmiú aeráide Köppen]], the region experiences a maritime [[aeráid mheasartha]] [[aeráid aigéanach]], meaning cool winters, mild humid summers, and a lack of temperature extremes. Summer daytime temperatures range between 15°C agus 22°C, rarely going beyond 25°C. While the region generally experiences mild winters, upland areas typically have snow. Humidity is high year round and rainfall ranges from ~1,250&nbsp;mm ([[Marcréidh]], Sligeach) to ~1,000&nbsp;mm ([[Béal Átha hÉis]], Cabhán), evenly distributed throughout the year. <ref name=metclimate /> === Geolaíocht [[Íomhá: Benbulben2.jpg | thumb | 200px | [[Binn Ghulbain]], Contae Shligigh]] '' There are many large mountain ranges and high sea cliffs in the region, such as the [[Sléibhte Dhoire Bheatha]], [[Sliabh Liag]], the [[Binn Chuilceach]] agus [[Binn Ghulbain]]. The region is generally underlain by [[an tOrdaivíseach]] and [[an Siolúrach]] sceallaí agus gréabhacaí, laid down 417-495 million years ago. These are found in eastern Cavan and Monaghan. The bedrock of western Cavan, Leitrim and Sligo is composed mostly of [[carbónmhar]] limestones that were laid roughly 355 million years ago. However, a 1.5 billion year old narrow strip of metamorphosed gneisses extend across Sligo near [[Sliabh Gamh]].<ref name=geocavan /><ref name=geosligo /> '' County Donegal has one of the most complex geologies in Ireland. Much of the county is underlain by [[Réamhchaimbriach]] gneiss, schist and quartzite, laid down during the Grenvillian Orogeny 700 million years ago. The Border Region's highest point, [[An Earagail]], at 751 m, is composed of Precambrian quartzite. '' Ireland's oldest rocks, laid down 1.78 billion years ago, are found on the island of [[Inis Trá Tholl]].<ref name=gsi /> Inis Trá Tholl is Ireland's most northerly island, located approximately 10&nbsp;km north of [[Cionn Mhálanna]], mainland Ireland's most northerly point. '' [[Loch Súilí]] in Donegal is one of Ireland's three fjords. == Buntásc == __NOINDEX__ __NOTOC__ 345ed79jdvt1r7gpkyz8oduf89o4pdh 1320728 1320727 2026-07-16T07:41:15Z Marcas.oduinn 33120 /* EU-CyCLONe */ 1320728 wikitext text/x-wiki == Ceanntásc == (an t)Údarás um..., (an) G(h)níomhaireacht um... (an) Comhbheartas Talmhaíochta. Cé acu sa teideal? Féach: * [http://www.gaois.ie gaois.ie]. * ''Wikidata list'' [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Wikidata list/Contaetha na hÉireann#Réigiún na hÉireann|Réigiúin na hÉireann]]. === Réigiún === {| class="wikitable" style="width:100%; vertical-align:top;" ! style="width:50%;" | Réigiúin ! style="width:50%;" | Réigiúin NUTS |- | style="text-align:center" | [[Íomhá:IrelandRegions.png | center]] | align=center | [[Íomhá:NUTS3 Boundaries Ireland.png | center]] |- | style="vertical-align:top;" | Réigiúin na hÉireann: * (A) Tuaisceart * (B) Iarthar * (C) Iardheisceart * (D) Oirdheisceart * (E) Oirthear [BÁC] * (F) [[Lár na Tíre (Éire)]] | style="vertical-align:top;" | '''Réigiúin''' NUTS 3 na hÉireann: * [[Réigiún na Teorann|Teorainn]] * [[Réigiún an Iarthair|Iarthar]] * [[Réigiún Lár na Tíre|Lár na Tíre]] * [[Réigiún an Lár-Oirthir|Lár-Oirthear]] * [[Réigiún Bhaile Átha Cliath|Baile Átha Cliath]] * [[Réigiún an Lár-Iarthair|Lár-Iarthar]] * [[Réigiún an Oirdheiscirt|Oirdheisceart]] * [[Réigiún an Iardheiscirt|Iardheisceart]] |} {| |- | [[Íomhá:Newborderregionboundary.png | 80px]]<!--[[Íomhá:Ireland location map Border region.svg | 40px]]--> | [[Íomhá:Ireland location map West region.svg | 80px]] | [[Íomhá:Ireland location map Midlands.svg | 80px]] | [[Íomhá:Mid East Ireland 2018.png | 80px]]<!--[[Íomhá:Ireland location map Mid-East.svg | 40px]]--> | [[Íomhá:Island_of_Ireland_location_map_Dublin.svg | 80px]] | [[Íomhá:Mid-West Region Map Ireland 2018.png | 80px]]<!--[[Íomhá:Mid-West Region Map Ireland 2018.png | 40px]]--> | [[Íomhá:SE Region Ireland 2018.png | 80px]]<!--[[Íomhá:Ireland location map South East.svg | 40px]]--> | [[Íomhá:Ireland location map South West.svg | 80px]] |} === Acrainm === * [[Aicmiú Comhchoiteann na nAonad Críche maidir le Staidreamh|NUTS]] - Acáise * [[Comhordú an Eolais ar an Timpeallacht|CORINE]] - Ceolta * [[CORDIS]] - SeoTaifeach * [[Inter-Active Terminology for Europe|IATE]] - Tighe == Eile == # ''[[:en:European Union Aviation Safety Agency|European Union Aviation Safety Agency]]'' - [[Gníomhaireacht Sábháilteachta Eitlíochta an Aontais Eorpaigh]] (2002) # ''[[:en:Body of European Regulators for Electronic Communications|Body of European Regulators for Electronic Communications]]'' - [[Comhlacht na Rialálaithe Eorpacha um Chumarsáid Leictreonach]] (BEREC) (2009) &leftarrow; (BEREC Office) - [[Gníomhaireacht Tacaíochta BEREC]] (2018) # ''[[:en:Authority for European Political Parties and European Political Foundations|Authority for European Political Parties and European Political Foundations]]'' - [[Údarás um Páirtithe Polaitiúla Eorpacha agus um Fhondúireachtaí Polaitiúla Eorpacha]] (2016) # ''[[:en:EU-CyCLONe|EU-CyCLONe]]'' - [[EU-CyCLONe]] (2020) == Gníomhaireacht Sábháilteachta Eitlíochta an Aontais Eorpaigh == | keydocument1 = [https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/GA/TXT/?uri=CELEX:02018R1139-20250525 Rialachán (AE) 2018/1139] ''The '''Gníomhaireacht Sábháilteachta Eitlíochta an Aontais Eorpaigh'''<ref name=iate /> (Béarla: ''European Union Aviation Safety Agency'' ('''EASA''') is an [[Gníomhaireachtaí an Aontais Eorpaigh|agency]] of the [[an Coimisiún Eorpach]] with responsibility for civil [[aviation safety]] in the [[Aontas Eorpach]]. It carries out [[Type certificate|certification]], regulation and standardisation and also performs investigation and monitoring.<ref name=flor />{{rp|§4.3}} It collects and analyses safety data, drafts and advises on safety legislation and co-ordinates with similar organisations in other parts of the world.<ref name=flor />{{rp|§4.3}} ''The idea of a European-level aviation safety authority goes back to 1996, but the agency was legally established only in 2002; it began its work in 2003.<ref name=flor />{{rp|§4.3}} == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = <ref name=iate>{{lua idirlín | url = https://iate.europa.eu/entry/result/3569070/ga | teideal = Téarma: Gníomhaireacht Sábháilteachta Eitlíochta an Aontais Eorpaigh | foilsitheoir = [[IATE]] | dátarochtana = 16-07-2026}}</ref> <ref name=flor>Florin Coman-Kund (2018). [https://pure.eur.nl/en/publications/european-union-agencies-as-global-actors-a-legal-study-of-the-eur/ ''European Union Agencies as Global Actors: A Legal Study of the European Aviation Safety Agency, Frontex and Europol'']. Abingdon, Oxfordshire; New York, New York: Routledge. {{ISBN|9781138293045}}.</ref> }} {{síol-eu}} {{Gníomhaireachtaí an Aontais Eorpaigh|state=collapsed}} [[Catagóir:Gníomhaireachtaí an Aontais Eorpaigh]] == Comhlacht na Rialálaithe Eorpacha um Chumarsáid Leictreonach == {{WD Bosca Sonraí Eagraíochta}} keydocument1 = [https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/GA/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32018R1971 Rialachán (AE) 2018/1971] '' The '''Comhlacht na Rialálaithe Eorpacha um Chumarsáid Leictreonach'''<ref name=iate /> (Béarla: ''Body of European Regulators for Electronic Communications'' ('''BEREC''')) is the body in which the regulators of the telecommunications markets in the [[an tAontas Eorpach]] work together.<ref name=UIA /> Other participants include representatives of the [[an Coimisiún Eorpach]], as well as telecommunication regulators from the member states of the [[Limistéar Eorpach Eacnamaíoch|LEE]] and of states that are in the process of joining the EU. == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = <ref name=iate>{{lua idirlín | url = https://iate.europa.eu/entry/result/3500516/ga | teideal = Téarma: Comhlacht na Rialálaithe Eorpacha um Chumarsáid Leictreonach | foilsitheoir = [[IATE]] | dátarochtana = 15-07-2026}}</ref> <ref name=UIA>{{lua idirlín | url = https://uia.org/s/or/en/1100015682 | teideal = Body of European Regulators for Electronic Communications (BEREC) | bliain = 2024 | department=UIA Global Civil Society Database | work = uia.org | foilsitheoir = [[Union of International Associations]]}}</ref> }} {{síol-eu}} == Údarás um Páirtithe Polaitiúla Eorpacha agus um Fhondúireachtaí Polaitiúla Eorpacha == {{WD Bosca Sonraí Eagraíochta}} | keydocument1 = [https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2014/1141/oj/eng Rialachán (AE, Euratom) Uimh. 1141/2014] '' An t'''Údarás um Páirtithe Polaitiúla Eorpacha agus um Fhondúireachtaí Polaitiúla Eorpacha'''<ref name=iate /> (Béarla: ''Authority for European Political Parties and European Political Foundations'' ('''APPF''') is a [[Gníomhaireachtaí an Aontais Eorpaigh|body of the European Union]] in charge of registering, controlling and imposing sanctions on [[páirtí polaitiúil Eorpach|páirtithe polaitiúla Eorpacha]] agus [[fondúireacht pholaitiúil Eorpach|fondúireachtaí polaitiúla Eorpacha]]. '' The APPF has offices sa [[an Bhruiséil|Bhruiséil]] agus i [[Strasbourg]]; since 2021, its Director has been Pascal Schonard. == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = <ref name=iate>{{lua idirlín | url = https://iate.europa.eu/entry/result/3644247/ga | teideal = Téarma: ComhlachÚdarás um Páirtithe Polaitiúla Eorpacha agus um Fhondúireachtaí Polaitiúla Eorpachat na Rialálaithe Eorpacha um Chumarsáid Leictreonach | foilsitheoir = [[IATE]] | dátarochtana = 15-07-2026}}</ref> }} {{síol-eu}} {{Gníomhaireachtaí an Aontais Eorpaigh|state=collapsed}} [[Catagóir:Gníomhaireachtaí an Aontais Eorpaigh]] == EU-CyCLONe == '' EU-CyCLONe or '''European Cyber Crisis Liaison Organisation Network''' is a cooperation network for [[European Union]] members to national authorities in charge of cyber crisis management.<ref name=ability /> It was set up as part of the [[NIS 2 Directive]].<ref name=nis2 /> '' It was launched in 2020 and formalised in January 2023.<ref name=cyber-resilience /> The chair rotates with the [[Uachtaránacht ar Chomhairle an Aontais Eorpaigh]].<ref name=cyber-resilience/> '' EU-CyCLONe submits a report assessing its work to the [[Parlaimint na hEorpa]] and [[Comhairle an Aontais Eorpaigh]] every 18 months, starting 17 October 2024.<ref name=cyber-resilience/> == Blue OLEx '' The Blueprint Operational Level Exercise is an annual exercise involving senior cybersecurity officials from EU member states and the [[an Coimisiún Eorpach]], with [[an tAontas Eorpach]] support.<ref name=cyber-resilience/> In 2024 it was hosted in [[an Róimh]] by [[Agenzia per la Cybersicurezza Nazionale]], focused on executive level cooperation, particularly via EU-CyCLONe.<ref name=cyber-resilience/> == Naisc sheachtracha * [https://www.nis-2-directive.com/NIS_2_Directive_Article_14_(Proposal_16.12.2020).html The NIS 2 Directive, The European cyber crises liaison organisation network (EU - CyCLONe)] - Article 14 on EU-CyCLONe * [https://www.nis-2-directive.com/NIS_2_Directive_Article_16.html The NIS 2 Directive, Final Text] - Article 16 on EU-CyCLONe * [https://www.nis-2-directive.com/NIS_2_Directive_Article_17.html The NIS 2 Directive, Final Text] - Article 17, International cooperation == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = <ref name=ability>{{lua idirlín | teideal = EU countries test their ability to cooperate in the event of cyber attacks | url = https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/news/eu-countries-test-their-ability-cooperate-event-cyber-attacks | dáta = 2020-09-29 | dátarochtana = 2025-02-24 | work = [[an Coimisiún Eorpach]]}}</ref> <ref name=nis2>{{lua idirlín | teideal = Europe moves closer to stricter cybersecurity standards, reporting regs | url = https://www.theregister.com/2022/05/17/europe_nis2_cybersecurity_regulations/ | sloinne = Lyons | ainm = Jessica | dáta = 2022-05-17 | dátarochtana = 2025-02-24 | work = [[The Register]]}}</ref> <ref name=cyber-resilience>{{cite news | teideal = EU Ramps Up Cyber Resilience with Major Crisis Simulation Exercise | sloinne = Poireault | ainm = Kevin | dáta = 2024-11-11 | url = https://www.infosecurity-magazine.com/news/eu-cyber-resilience-crisis/ | dátarochtana = 2025-02-24 | work = Infosecurity Magazine}}</ref> }} {{síol-eu}} {{Gníomhaireachtaí an Aontais Eorpaigh|state=collapsed}} [[Catagóir:Gníomhaireachtaí an Aontais Eorpaigh]] == Tíreolaíocht == [[Réigiún na Teorann]] === Geografaíocht fhisiceach [[Íomhá:Glencar waterfall01.jpg| thumb | 170px | [[Loch Ghleann an Chairthe|Eas Ghleann an Chairthe]], Liatroim]] '' The region encompasses the entire northwest coast of Ireland along the [[an tAigéan Atlantach]]. Two of Ireland's longest rivers, [[an tSionainn]] and the [[an Éirne]], agus an [[Uiscebhealach na Sionainne is na hÉirne]] eatarthu. Cavan and Monaghan in the east of the region are characterized by a drumlin landscape, with hundreds of loughs interspersed between. [[Loch Aillionn]] in Leitrim is the region's largest lake, at 35 km². '' The west of the region, from [[Teallach Eathach]], County Cavan, to the Atlantic coast is largely rocky and mountainous, with coastal cliffs but also beaches in counties Sligo, Donegal and Leitrim. Leitrim has the smallest coastline of any county, at just 5&nbsp;km in length, while Donegal has the longest, at 1,134&nbsp;km. === Foraoiseacht '' there is a total of 130,345 ha of forest and woodland cover in the Border Region, equating to 11.3% of the region's land area, the national average.<ref name=govagri2017 /> '' Traditionally, the region had a very low cover forest and planting schemes were undertaken by the Department of Agriculture or [[Comhlachtaí státurraithe na hÉireann|comhlachtaí státurraithe]] such as [[Coillte]]. County Leitrim is now Ireland's most forested county at 18.9% forest cover. However, over 50% of Leitrim's forests are in private ownership.<ref name=govagri2006 /> === Aeráid '' Under [[Aicmiú aeráide Köppen]], the region experiences a maritime [[aeráid mheasartha]] [[aeráid aigéanach]], meaning cool winters, mild humid summers, and a lack of temperature extremes. Summer daytime temperatures range between 15°C agus 22°C, rarely going beyond 25°C. While the region generally experiences mild winters, upland areas typically have snow. Humidity is high year round and rainfall ranges from ~1,250&nbsp;mm ([[Marcréidh]], Sligeach) to ~1,000&nbsp;mm ([[Béal Átha hÉis]], Cabhán), evenly distributed throughout the year. <ref name=metclimate /> === Geolaíocht [[Íomhá: Benbulben2.jpg | thumb | 200px | [[Binn Ghulbain]], Contae Shligigh]] '' There are many large mountain ranges and high sea cliffs in the region, such as the [[Sléibhte Dhoire Bheatha]], [[Sliabh Liag]], the [[Binn Chuilceach]] agus [[Binn Ghulbain]]. The region is generally underlain by [[an tOrdaivíseach]] and [[an Siolúrach]] sceallaí agus gréabhacaí, laid down 417-495 million years ago. These are found in eastern Cavan and Monaghan. The bedrock of western Cavan, Leitrim and Sligo is composed mostly of [[carbónmhar]] limestones that were laid roughly 355 million years ago. However, a 1.5 billion year old narrow strip of metamorphosed gneisses extend across Sligo near [[Sliabh Gamh]].<ref name=geocavan /><ref name=geosligo /> '' County Donegal has one of the most complex geologies in Ireland. Much of the county is underlain by [[Réamhchaimbriach]] gneiss, schist and quartzite, laid down during the Grenvillian Orogeny 700 million years ago. The Border Region's highest point, [[An Earagail]], at 751 m, is composed of Precambrian quartzite. '' Ireland's oldest rocks, laid down 1.78 billion years ago, are found on the island of [[Inis Trá Tholl]].<ref name=gsi /> Inis Trá Tholl is Ireland's most northerly island, located approximately 10&nbsp;km north of [[Cionn Mhálanna]], mainland Ireland's most northerly point. '' [[Loch Súilí]] in Donegal is one of Ireland's three fjords. == Buntásc == __NOINDEX__ __NOTOC__ kxqtafrebndkcxhvhnuk2cnf81b5b3s 0 121153 1320676 1281573 2026-07-15T19:26:54Z Ériugena 188 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1361838619|Pedagogy]]" 1320676 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Íomhá:Woman_teaching_geometry.jpg|alt=Detail of a scene in the bowl of the letter 'P' with a woman with a set-square and dividers; using a compass to measure distances on a diagram. In her left hand she holds a square, an implement for testing or drawing right angles. She is watched by a group of students.|mion|Bean ag teagasc  céimseatan (mionsonra de lámhscríbhinn soilsithe ón 14ú haois, ag tús Στοιχεῖα (''Stoicheia;''[[An Ghaeilge|Gaeilge]]:''Uraiceachtaí'') le Eoiclídéas san aistriúchán a chuirtear i leith Adelard ó Bath)]] '''Is éard atá i gceist le hoideolaíocht — a thuigtear go coitianta mar an cur chuige i leith teagaisc — ná teoiric agus cleachtas na foghlama, chomh maith leis an gcaoi a mbíonn tionchar ag an bpróiseas seo ar''' [[Síceolaíocht forbartha|fhorbairt shóisialta, pholaitiúil agus shíceolaíoch na bhfoghlaimeoirí.]] s éard atá i gceist leis an oideolaíocht, nuair a breathnaítear uirthi mar dhisciplín acadúil, ná staidéar ar an gcaoi a gcuirtear eolas agus scileanna in iúl i gcomhthéacs oideachasúil, agus breithníonn sí na hidirghníomhaíochtaí a tharlaíonn le linn na foghlama. Bíonn éagsúlacht mhór ag baint le teoiric agus cleachtas na hoideolaíochta araon, go mór mar go léiríonn siad comhthéacsanna sóisialta, polaitiúla agus cultúrtha éagsúla. [[Catagóir:Teagasc]] ng1wprzzm3fs58jmlqhtieaftppg8tv 2 121281 1320679 1320183 2026-07-15T19:40:48Z ListeriaBot 25319 Wikidata list updated [V2] 1320679 wikitext text/x-wiki == Forais / Institiúidí == : '' Féach [[Comhlachtaí an Aontais Eorpaigh agus Euratom]] {{Wikidata list | sparql = SELECT ?item ?itemLabel ?valueLabel WHERE { ?item wdt:P31 wd:Q748720. OPTIONAL { ?item wdt:P488 ?p1 } OPTIONAL { ?item wdt:P1037 ?p2 } BIND(COALESCE(?p1, ?p2) AS ?value) SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language "ga,en". } } ORDER BY (?itemLabel) | columns = number:#, P154:Lógó, label:Institiúid, P571:Bundáta, P159:Ceanncheathrú, P488:Ceannaire, P1342:Líon suíochán }} {| class='wikitable sortable' ! # ! Lógó ! Institiúid ! Bundáta ! Ceanncheathrú ! Ceannaire ! Líon suíochán |- | style='text-align:right'| 1 | [[Íomhá:Council of the EU and European Council.svg|center|128px]] | [[An Chomhairle Eorpach]] | data-sort-value="1974" | 1974-12-09 | ''[[:d:Q1375164|Europa building]]'' | [[António Costa]] | 27 |- | style='text-align:right'| 2 | [[Íomhá:Logo European Central Bank.svg|center|128px]] | [[Banc Ceannais Eorpach]] | data-sort-value="1998" | 1998-06-01 | [[Frankfurt]] | [[Christine Lagarde]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 3 | [[Íomhá:Council of the EU and European Council.svg|center|128px]] | [[Comhairle an Aontais Eorpaigh]] | data-sort-value="1957" | 1957 | ''[[:d:Q1375164|Europa building]]'' | ''[[:d:Q115639092|Thérèse Blanchet]]'' | 27 |- | style='text-align:right'| 4 | [[Íomhá:Court of Justice of the European Union Logo SV.svg|center|128px]] | [[Cúirt Bhreithiúnais an Aontais Eorpaigh|Cúirt Bhreithiúnais Eorpach]] | data-sort-value="1952" | 1952 | ''[[:d:Q20971786|Palais de la Cour de Justice]]'' | ''[[:d:Q917096|Koen Lenaerts]]'' | |- | style='text-align:right'| 5 | [[Íomhá:ECA-logo.svg|center|128px]] | [[Cúirt Iniúchóirí na hEorpa]] | data-sort-value="1977" | 1977-10-18 | [[Lucsamburg (cathair)|Lucsamburg]] | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 6 | [[Íomhá:European Parliament logo.svg|center|128px]] | [[Parlaimint na hEorpa]] | data-sort-value="1957" | 1957-03-25 | ''[[:d:Q2423937|Suíomh Pharlaimint na hEorpa i Strasbourg]]'' | [[Roberta Metsola|Roberta Metsola Tedesco Triccas]] | 720 |- | style='text-align:right'| 7 | [[Íomhá:European Commission.svg|center|128px]] | [[an Coimisiún Eorpach]] | data-sort-value="1958" | 1958-01-01 | ''[[:d:Q239|Cathair na Bruiséile]]'' | [[Ursula von der Leyen]] | 27 |} {{Wikidata list end}} == Gníomhaireachtaí == : Féach [[Gníomhaireachtaí an Aontais Eorpaigh]] ?bunDáta ?tírLabel ?lógó | columns = number:#, P154:Lógó, label:Gníomhaireacht, P17:Tír, P571:Bundáta {{Wikidata list | sparql = SELECT ?item ?itemLabel ?labelEn ?labelGa WHERE { ?item wdt:P31 wd:Q112827555. ?item rdfs:label ?labelEn filter (lang(?labelEn) = "en"). ?item rdfs:label ?labelGa filter (lang(?labelGa) = "ga"). #OPTIONAL { ?item wdt:P571 ?bunDáta. } #OPTIONAL { ?item wdt:P17 ?tír. } #OPTIONAL { ?item wdt:P154 ?lógó. } FILTER NOT EXISTS { ?item wdt:P576 ?abolishedDate. } #SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language "ga,en". #} } ORDER BY (?itemLabel) | columns = ?labelEn:Agency, ?labelGa:Gníomhaireacht }} {| class='wikitable sortable' ! Agency ! Gníomhaireacht |- | European Institute for Gender Equality | Institiúid Eorpach um Chomhionannas Inscne |- | European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights | Gníomhaireacht an Aontais Eorpaigh um Chearta Bunúsacha |- | European Chemicals Agency | Gníomhaireacht Eorpach Ceimiceán |- | Europol | Europol |- | European Centre for the Development of Professional Training | an Lárionad Eorpach um Fhorbairt na Gairmoiliúna |- | European Medicines Agency | Gníomhaireacht Leigheasra Eorpach |- | European Fisheries Control Agency | Gníomhaireacht Eorpach um Rialú ar Iascach |- | Translation Centre for the Bodies of the European Union | Ionad Aistriúcháin Chomhlachtaí an Aontais Eorpaigh |- | European Union Agency for Railways | Gníomhaireacht Iarnróid an Aontais Eorpaigh |- | European Training Foundation | an Foras Oiliúna na hEorpa |- | European Union Agency for the Cooperation of Energy Regulators | Gníomhaireacht an Aontais Eorpaigh um Chomhar idir Rialálaithe Fuinnimh |- | European Food Safety Authority | An tÚdarás Eorpach um Shábháilteacht Bia |- | European Agency for Safety and Health at Work | Gníomhaireacht Eorpach um Shábháilteacht agus Sláinte ag an Obair |- | European Environment Agency | Gníomhaireacht Chomhshaoil Eorpach |- | European Securities and Markets Authority | An tÚdarás Eorpach um Urrúis agus Margaí |- | European Banking Authority | An tÚdarás Baincéireachta Eorpach |- | European Union Intellectual Property Office | Oifig Maoine Intleachtúla an Aontais Eorpach |- | European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control | An Lárionad Eorpach um Chosc agus Rialú Galar |- | European Maritime Safety Agency | Gníomhaireacht Eorpach um Shábháilteacht Mhuirí |- | European Border and Coast Guard Agency | Gníomhaireacht Eorpach um an nGarda Teorann agus Cósta |- | European Union Drugs Agency | Gníomhaireacht Drugaí an Aontais Eorpaigh |- | European Union Agency for the Space Programme | Gníomhaireacht an Aontais Eorpaigh um an gClár Spáis |- | European Labour Authority | An tÚdarás Eorpach Saothair |- | Agency for Support for BEREC | Gníomhaireacht Tacaíochta BEREC |- | Anti-Money Laundering Authority | An tÚdarás um Fhrithsciúradh Airgid |- | European Union Agency for Criminal Justice Cooperation | Gníomhaireacht an Aontais Eorpaigh um Chomhar Ceartais Choiriúil |- | European Institute of Innovation and Technology | an Institiúid Eorpach um Nuálaíocht agus Teicneolaíocht |- | European Union Agency for Cybersecurity | Gníomhaireacht an Aontais Eorpaigh um Chibearshlándáil |- | European Union Agency for Asylum | Gníomhaireacht an Aontais Eorpaigh um Thearmann |- | European Union Agency for the Operational Management of Large-Scale IT Systems in the Area of Freedom, Security and Justice | Gníomhaireacht de chuid an Aontais Eorpaigh chun Bainistiú Oibríochtúil a dhéanamh ar Chórais Mhórscála TF sa Limistéar Saoirse, Slándála agus Ceartais |- | Single Resolution Board | Bord Réitigh Aonair |- | European Union Agency for Law Enforcement Training | Gníomhaireacht an Aontais Eorpaigh um Oiliúint i bhForfheidhmiú an Dlí |- | European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions | Foras Eorpach chun Dálaí Maireachtála agus Oibre a Fheabhsú |- | Community Plant Variety Office | Oifig an Chomhphobail maidir le Cineálacha Plandaí |- | European Insurance and Occupational Pensions Authority | An tÚdarás Eorpach um Árachas agus Pinsin Cheirde |} {{Wikidata list end}} g4h41fxhxpixoy4mps7zc2vowpfmmnc 0 127065 1320674 1320300 2026-07-15T18:16:59Z InternetArchiveBot 47196 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1320674 wikitext text/x-wiki {{WD Bosca Sonraí Duine}} Ba scríbhneoir Meiriceánach agus iar-uachtarán ar World SF — eagraíocht idirnáisiúnta de scríbhneoirí agus d’eagarthóirí ficsean eolaíochta — é '''Harry Maxwell Harrison''' (a rugadh ar an 12 Márta 1925 i Stamford, Connecticut; a fuair bás i gCrowborough, Sasana, ar an 15 Lúnasa 2012). Ba shíochánaí é, Esperantóir, a d'fhoghlaim Esperanto ina óige agus le linn a sheirbhíse míleata . Bhí sé ina bhall den UEA ó 1945 agus ina bhall de Choiste Pátrúnachta Oinigh an UEA . Fiú amháin, bhí sé ina uachtarán oinigh ar Chumann Esperanto na hÉireann agus ina bhall oinigh de roinnt cumann Esperanto. Léirigh Harry Harrison, Esperanto mar theanga do shochaithe amach anseo i mórán dá ghearrscéalta agus tharraing sé eiseamail aisti. Uaireanta bíonn na samplaí seo beagáinín aisteach, agus ní bhíonn sé soiléir i gcónaí ar cheart go léireodh sé seo éabhlóid nó canúint Esperanto ar feadh na mílaoisí. Bhí cáil mhór air a ghearrscéal "''Make room! Make room!''" (donu spacon!) mar gheall ar an scannán agus an scannán teilifíse "Soylent Green ", a d'eascair bunaithe air.ATháinig aithne mhaith ar an scannán agus ar an scannán teilifíse "Soylent Green", a bhí bunaithe air. == Saol pearsanta == Rugadh Harrison mar Henry Maxwell Dempsey ar (ach ní raibh a fhios aige é seo go dtí go raibh sé tríocha bliain d'aois, nuair a d'athraigh sé a ainm go dleathach go Harry Max Harrison). Ba í an Ria Kirjassoff, bhean Ghiúdach, a mháthair, a rugadh i [[Ríge]], [[An Laitvia|sa Laitvia]] (san iar- [[An tAontas Sóivéadach|Aontas Sóivéadach]] ), agus ba de shliocht Éireannach a athair Henry Leo Dempsey mar gur as [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éirinn]] a bhí máthair a athar. Rugadh é i [[Stamford, Connecticut]], ach bhí cónaí air i go leor áiteanna ar fud an domhain, lena n-áirítear [[Meicsiceo]], [[Sasana]], [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éire]], [[an Danmhairg]] agus [[an Iodáil]] . Le linn [[An Dara Cogadh Domhanda|an Dara Cogadh Domhanda,]] d'fhóin sé in [[Arm na Stát Aontaithe]] . Ba chainteoir Esperanto é (is minic a fheictear an teanga ina ghearrscéalta) agus bhí sé ina uachtarán oinigh ar Chumann Esperanto na hÉireann roimhe sin, agus ina bhall oinigh den chomhlachas náisiúnta Meiriceánach 'Esperanto League for North America' ar a dtugtar 'Esperanto-USA' anois agus bhí sé ina bhall d'eagraíochtaí Esperanto eile freisin, agus ó 1945 i <a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universala_Esperanto-Asocio" rel="mw:ExtLink" title="Universala Esperanto-Asocio" class="cx-link" data-linkid="272">Universala Esperanto-Asocio</a>, (Cumann Esperanto Uilíoch), a bhí sé ina bhall de <a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Honora_Patrona_Komitato_de_UEA" rel="mw:ExtLink" title="Honora Patrona Komitato de UEA" class="cx-link" data-linkid="273">Honora Patrona Komitato de UEA</a> . Le déanaí, bhí cónaí air in [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éirinn]] agus bhí árasán aige i Brighton le haghaidh cuairteanna ar [[Sasana|Shasana]] . Phós Harrison Joan (née Merkler) i 1954 i [[Nua-Eabhrac (cathair)|gCathair Nua-Eabhrac]], agus mhair an pósadh go dtí gur bhásaigh sí de bharr ailse i 2002. Bhí beirt pháistí acu, Todd (rugadh 1955) agus Moira (rugadh 1959), agus thiomnaigh sé an leabhar ''[[Make Room! Make Room!|Make Room!]]'' ''[[Make Room! Make Room!|Make Room!]]'' dóibh. == Liosta na n-oibreacha == * Vilĉjo, la galaksia heroo *** sur la planedo de robotaj sklavoj (''Bill, the Galactic Hero on the Planet of Robot Slaves'') *** sur la planedo de enbotelaj cerboj (''Bill, the Galactic Hero on the Planet of Bottled Brains'') *** sur la planedo de sengusta plezuro (''Bill, the Galactic Hero on the Planet of Tasteless Pleasure'') *** sur la planedo de zombiaj vampiroj (''Bill, the Galactic Hero on the Planet of Zombie Vampires'') *** sur la planedo de dek mil baroj (''Bill, the Galactic Hero on the Planet of Ten Thousand Bars'') *** la fina absurda aventuro (''Bill, the Galactic Hero: the Final Incoherent Adventure'') * [[Tríológ|Triológ]] " "Mortmondo" (D''eathworld'' ) ## Mortmondo 1 (la mondo de la morto) ## Mortmondo 2 (la mondo de la sklavoj) ## Mortmondo 3 (la mondo de la barbaroj) * Sraith ""[[:eo:Rustimuna_Ŝtalrato|Rustimuna Ŝtalrato]]" (''Stainless Steel Rat'') ** ''[[The Stainless Steel Rat|An Francach Cruach Dhosmálta]]'' ( [[1961]] ) ** ''[[The Stainless Steel Rat's Revenge|Díoltas an Fhrancaigh Cruach Dhosmálta]]'' ( [[1970]] ) ** ''[[The Stainless Steel Rat Saves the World|Sábhálann an Francach Cruach Dhosmálta an Domhan]]'' ( [[1972]] ) ** ''[[The Stainless Steel Rat Wants You|Tá an Francach Cruach Dhosmálta ag Teastáil uait]]'' ( [[1978]] ) ** ''[[The Stainless Steel Rat for President|An Francach Cruach Dhosmálta don Uachtarán]]'' ( [[1982]] ) ** ''Rugadh Francach Cruach Dhosmálta'' ( [[1985]] ) ** ''[[The Stainless Steel Rat Gets Drafted|An Francach Cruach Dhosmálta á Dréachtú]]'' ( [[1987]] ) ** ''[[The Stainless Steel Rat Sings the Blues|Canann an Francach Cruach Dhosmálta na Gormacha]]'' ( [[1995]] ) ** ''[[The Stainless Steel Rat Goes to Hell|Téann an Francach Cruach Dhosmálta go hIfreann]]'' ( [[1998]] ) ** ''[[The Stainless Steel Rat Joins the Circus|An Francach Cruach Dhosmálta ag Dul isteach sa Sorcas]]'' ( [[2000]] ) * [[Tríológ|Triológ]] "Édin" ** Thiar Éidin ** Geimhreadh in Éidin ** Fill ar ais go hÉidin * Sraith "An Casúr agus an Chrois" (la martelo kaj la kruco) *** ''The Hammer and the Cross'' *** ''LeOne King's Way'' *** ''King and Emperor'' * Sraith ""Al la steloj" " ( ''Chun na réaltaí'' ) *** Hejmmondo (''homeworld'') *** Radmondo (''wheelworld'') *** Stelmondo (''starworld'')) == Le feiceáil in [[Esperanto]] == ** [[:eo:Naskiĝo_de_la_Rustimuna_Ŝtalrato|Naskiĝo de la Rustimuna Ŝtalrato]]<ref>Giorgio Silfer, Harry Harrison, usonano plej ŝatata en Rusio, Literatura Foiro, oktobro 2017.</ref>. Trad. [[:eo:Reinhard_Fössmeier|Reinhard Fössmeier]], [[:eo:Edmund_Grimley_Evans|Edmund Grimley Evans]], [[:eo:Rob_Helm|Rob Helm]], [[:eo:Konrad_Hinsen|Konrad Hinsen]], [[:eo:Pierre_Jelenc|Pierre Jelenc]], [[:eo:Jorge_Llambias|Jorge Llambias]], [[:eo:Kevin_Schoedel|Kevin Schoedel]] kaj [[:eo:Mark_Weddell|Mark Weddell]]. [[:eo:Jekaterinburg|Jekaterinburg]]: [[:eo:Sezonoj|Sezonoj]], 1996. ** [[:eo:La_stratoj_de_Aŝkelono|La stratoj de Aŝkelono]]. Tradukis [[:eo:William_Auld|William Auld]]. [[:eo:Jekaterinburg|Jekaterinburg]]: [[:eo:Sezonoj|Sezonoj]], 1994. ** [[:eo:La_kaptita_universo|La kaptita universo]]. Tradukis [[:eo:Andrej_Grigorjevskij|Andrej Grigorjevskij]], Pentristo [[:eo:Vjaĉeslav_Te|Vjaĉeslav Te]]. [[:eo:Moskvo|Moskvo]]: [[:eo:Impeto|Impeto]], 2001. 176 p.&#x20;[[:eo:Special:BookSources/5716100864|ISBN 5-7161-0086-4]] ** [[:eo:Invado:_Tero|Invado: Tero]]. Trad. M. Ĉertilov. [[:eo:Moskvo|Moskvo]]: [[:eo:Impeto|Impeto]], 2012. ** ''La verda estonteco'', trad. J. Davies. [[:eo:Dublino|Dublino]]: E-Asocio de Irlando.Breith an Fhrancaigh Chruach Saor ó Mheirg . Aistrithe ag Reinhard Fössmeier, Edmund Grimley Evans, Rob Helm, Konrad Hinsen, Pierre Jelenc, Jorge Llambias, Kevin Schoedel agus Mark Weddell . [[Yekaterinburg]] : Seasons, 1996. * [[La stratoj de Aŝkelono|Sráideanna Ashkelon]] . Aistrithe ag [[William Auld]] . [[Yekaterinburg]] : Séasúir, 1994. * [[La kaptita universo|An Cruinne faoi Bhraighdeanas]] . Aistrithe ag Andrei Grigorevsky, Péintéir [[Vjaĉeslav Te|Vyacheslav Te]] . [[Moscó]] : Impeto, 2001. 176 lch.&nbsp;ISBN 5-7161-0086-4 * [[Invado: Tero|Ionradh: An Domhan]] . Aistrithe ag M. Chertilov. [[Moscó]] : Impeto, 2012. * ''An Todhchaí Glas'', aistriúchán le J. Davies. [[Baile Átha Cliath]] : Cumann Ríomhphoist na hÉireann. === Leabharliosta === * Gunnar Gällmo : ''Harry Harrison, 12.3.1925-15.8.2012'' . Almanac Beletra ( 16 ), Feabhra 2013. lgh. 43-45. == Naisc sheachtracha ==   * [http://www.harryharrison.com/ suíomh gréasáin oifigiúil] ( {{En}} ) * [http://www.isfdb.org/cgi-bin/ea.cgi?Harry_Harrison beathaisnéis ar an suíomh gréasáin ''isfdb.org''] ( {{En}} ) * http://www.scifiworld.cz/author.php?AuthorID=45 Arkivigite je chartlann * http://web.lib.usf.edu/usflibraries/special_collections.html {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060903123224/http://web.lib.usf.edu/usflibraries/special_collections.html |date=2006-09-03 }} Arkivigite je == Tagairtí == {{Reflist}} [[Catagóir:Scríbhneoirí Meiriceánacha]] [[Catagóir:Fir]] [[Catagóir:Básanna in 2012]] [[Catagóir:Daoine a rugadh i 1924]] 8495act0rtegm50pe9cis31loc3vvog 0 127088 1320649 1320504 2026-07-15T15:29:58Z LukaTVK 75670 Created by translating the page "[[:sr:Special:Redirect/revision/30424737|Павле Васић]]" 1320649 wikitext text/x-wiki   [[Íomhá:Regulas.jpg|mion|Saighdiúir Singil 1810 an Chéad Éirí Amach na SeirbiaPictiúir le Pavle Vasić]] Ba phéintéir, léirmheastóir ealaíne, múinteoir agus dlíodóir Seirbiach é '''Pavle Vasić''' ([[30 Lúnasa]] [[1907]] — [[12 Márta]] [[1993]]) a rugadh i [[Nís]]. I rith a shaoil ar fad, chomh maith leis an ghairm léachtóireachta agus bua múinteoireachta, ina raibh sé dosháraithe, de réir a chuid mac léinn, d’fhan a dhúspéis agus a dhíograis chun staire éadaí arm na Seirbia. Síltear go bhfuil sé ina bhunaitheoir bealaí eolaíochta nua sa réimse sin.<ref name="британика 2">{{Cite book-en|title=Енциклопедија Британика. В-Ђ|date=2005|publisher=Народна књига : Политика|location=Београд|isbn=86-331-2112-3|pages=22}}</ref> Bhí sé ina bhall de ULUS (Cumman Mínealaíontóirí na Seirbia) agus ULUPUDS (Cumman Ealaíontóirí Feidhmeacha agus Dearthóirí na Seirbia). [[Catagóir:Básanna i 1993]] [[Catagóir:Daoine a rugadh i 1907]] [[Catagóir:Péintéirí]] 0xd360afwopykt585tmmksmncn9pxrn 1320650 1320649 2026-07-15T15:32:08Z LukaTVK 75670 Created by translating the page "[[:sr:Special:Redirect/revision/30424737|Павле Васић]]" 1320650 wikitext text/x-wiki   [[Íomhá:Regulas.jpg|mion|Saighdiúir Singil 1810, an Chéad Éirí Amach na Seirbia.Pictiúir le Pavle Vasić]] Ba phéintéir, léirmheastóir ealaíne, múinteoir agus dlíodóir Seirbiach é '''Pavle Vasić''' ([[30 Lúnasa]] [[1907]] — [[12 Márta]] [[1993]]) a rugadh i [[Nís]]. I rith a shaoil ar fad, chomh maith leis an ghairm léachtóireachta agus bua múinteoireachta, ina raibh sé dosháraithe, de réir a chuid mac léinn, d’fhan a dhúspéis agus a dhíograis chun staire éadaí arm na Seirbia. Síltear go bhfuil sé ina bhunaitheoir bealaí eolaíochta nua sa réimse sin.<ref name="британика 2">{{Cite book-en|title=Енциклопедија Британика. В-Ђ|date=2005|publisher=Народна књига : Политика|location=Београд|isbn=86-331-2112-3|pages=22}}</ref> Bhí sé ina bhall de ULUS (Cumman Mínealaíontóirí na Seirbia) agus ULUPUDS (Cumman Ealaíontóirí Feidhmeacha agus Dearthóirí na Seirbia). [[Catagóir:Básanna i 1993]] [[Catagóir:Daoine a rugadh i 1907]] [[Catagóir:Péintéirí]] ri7qce090emezaj2g3pca8ejqvzu453 1320651 1320650 2026-07-15T15:32:35Z LukaTVK 75670 Created by translating the page "[[:sr:Special:Redirect/revision/30424737|Павле Васић]]" 1320651 wikitext text/x-wiki   [[Íomhá:Regulas.jpg|mion|Saighdiúir Singil 1810, an Chéad Éirí Amach na Seirbia. Pictiúir le Pavle Vasić]] Ba phéintéir, léirmheastóir ealaíne, múinteoir agus dlíodóir Seirbiach é '''Pavle Vasić''' ([[30 Lúnasa]] [[1907]] — [[12 Márta]] [[1993]]) a rugadh i [[Nís]]. I rith a shaoil ar fad, chomh maith leis an ghairm léachtóireachta agus bua múinteoireachta, ina raibh sé dosháraithe, de réir a chuid mac léinn, d’fhan a dhúspéis agus a dhíograis chun staire éadaí arm na Seirbia. Síltear go bhfuil sé ina bhunaitheoir bealaí eolaíochta nua sa réimse sin.<ref name="британика 2">{{Cite book-en|title=Енциклопедија Британика. В-Ђ|date=2005|publisher=Народна књига : Политика|location=Београд|isbn=86-331-2112-3|pages=22}}</ref> Bhí sé ina bhall de ULUS (Cumman Mínealaíontóirí na Seirbia) agus ULUPUDS (Cumman Ealaíontóirí Feidhmeacha agus Dearthóirí na Seirbia). [[Catagóir:Básanna i 1993]] [[Catagóir:Daoine a rugadh i 1907]] [[Catagóir:Péintéirí]] 9h7qgbgbnbsqsvqimbyd1gvg2zk6esl 1320653 1320651 2026-07-15T15:43:46Z LukaTVK 75670 Created by translating the page "[[:sr:Special:Redirect/revision/30424737|Павле Васић]]" 1320653 wikitext text/x-wiki   [[Íomhá:Pavle-Vasic.jpg|mion|an tOllamh Pavle Vasić]] Ba phéintéir, léirmheastóir ealaíne, múinteoir agus dlíodóir Seirbiach é '''Pavle Vasić''' ([[30 Lúnasa]] [[1907]] — [[12 Márta]] [[1993]]) a rugadh i [[Nís]]. I rith a shaoil ar fad, chomh maith leis an ghairm léachtóireachta agus bua múinteoireachta, ina raibh sé dosháraithe, de réir a chuid mac léinn, d’fhan a dhúspéis agus a dhíograis chun staire éadaí arm na Seirbia. Síltear go bhfuil sé ina bhunaitheoir bealaí eolaíochta nua sa réimse sin.<ref name="британика 2">{{Cite book-en|title=Енциклопедија Британика. В-Ђ|date=2005|publisher=Народна књига : Политика|location=Београд|isbn=86-331-2112-3|pages=22}}</ref> Bhí sé ina bhall de ULUS (Cumman Mínealaíontóirí na Seirbia) agus ULUPUDS (Cumman Ealaíontóirí Feidhmeacha agus Dearthóirí na Seirbia). [[Íomhá:Regulas.jpg|mion|Saighdiúir Singil 1810, an Chéad Éirí Amach na Seirbia. Pictiúir le Pavle Vasić]] [[Catagóir:Básanna i 1993]] [[Catagóir:Daoine a rugadh i 1907]] [[Catagóir:Péintéirí]] 4g9x47ueb2j831mq40sdsaayiiz5qs6 1320654 1320653 2026-07-15T15:49:40Z LukaTVK 75670 Created by translating the page "[[:sr:Special:Redirect/revision/30424737|Павле Васић]]" 1320654 wikitext text/x-wiki  {{WD Bosca Sonraí|Pictiúr=[[File:Pavle-Vasic.jpg|thumb|Picture of Serbian Painter Pavle Vasic]]|Breithe=30 Lúnasa 1907, Nís}} Ba phéintéir, léirmheastóir ealaíne, múinteoir agus dlíodóir Seirbiach é '''Pavle Vasić''' ([[30 Lúnasa]] [[1907]] — [[12 Márta]] [[1993]]) a rugadh i [[Nís]]. I rith a shaoil ar fad, chomh maith leis an ghairm léachtóireachta agus bua múinteoireachta, ina raibh sé dosháraithe, de réir a chuid mac léinn, d’fhan a dhúspéis agus a dhíograis chun staire éadaí arm na Seirbia. Síltear go bhfuil sé ina bhunaitheoir bealaí eolaíochta nua sa réimse sin.<ref name="британика 2">{{Cite book-en|title=Енциклопедија Британика. В-Ђ|date=2005|publisher=Народна књига : Политика|location=Београд|isbn=86-331-2112-3|pages=22}}</ref> Bhí sé ina bhall de ULUS (Cumman Mínealaíontóirí na Seirbia) agus ULUPUDS (Cumman Ealaíontóirí Feidhmeacha agus Dearthóirí na Seirbia). [[Íomhá:Regulas.jpg|mion|Saighdiúir Singil 1810, an Chéad Éirí Amach na Seirbia. Pictiúir le Pavle Vasić]] [[Catagóir:Básanna i 1993]] [[Catagóir:Daoine a rugadh i 1907]] [[Catagóir:Péintéirí]] 8u4apmj90ppvh3kw02nrvqlx5d3bsc3 1320655 1320654 2026-07-15T15:50:04Z LukaTVK 75670 Created by translating the page "[[:sr:Special:Redirect/revision/30424737|Павле Васић]]" 1320655 wikitext text/x-wiki   Ba phéintéir, léirmheastóir ealaíne, múinteoir agus dlíodóir Seirbiach é '''Pavle Vasić''' ([[30 Lúnasa]] [[1907]] — [[12 Márta]] [[1993]]) a rugadh i [[Nís]]. I rith a shaoil ar fad, chomh maith leis an ghairm léachtóireachta agus bua múinteoireachta, ina raibh sé dosháraithe, de réir a chuid mac léinn, d’fhan a dhúspéis agus a dhíograis chun staire éadaí arm na Seirbia. Síltear go bhfuil sé ina bhunaitheoir bealaí eolaíochta nua sa réimse sin.<ref name="британика 2">{{Cite book-en|title=Енциклопедија Британика. В-Ђ|date=2005|publisher=Народна књига : Политика|location=Београд|isbn=86-331-2112-3|pages=22}}</ref> Bhí sé ina bhall de ULUS (Cumman Mínealaíontóirí na Seirbia) agus ULUPUDS (Cumman Ealaíontóirí Feidhmeacha agus Dearthóirí na Seirbia). [[Íomhá:Regulas.jpg|mion|Saighdiúir Singil 1810, an Chéad Éirí Amach na Seirbia. Pictiúir le Pavle Vasić]] [[Catagóir:Básanna i 1993]] [[Catagóir:Daoine a rugadh i 1907]] [[Catagóir:Péintéirí]] pafc1xolg2y2z08z6te5u8h6hgzyt19 1320656 1320655 2026-07-15T16:05:47Z LukaTVK 75670 Created by translating the page "[[:sr:Special:Redirect/revision/30424737|Павле Васић]]" 1320656 wikitext text/x-wiki  {{WD Bosca Sonraí Duine|image=[[File:Pavle-Vasic.jpg|thumb|Picture of Serbian Painter Pavle Vasic]]|name=Pavle Vasić}} Ba phéintéir, léirmheastóir ealaíne, múinteoir agus dlíodóir Seirbiach é '''Pavle Vasić''' ([[30 Lúnasa]] [[1907]] — [[12 Márta]] [[1993]]) a rugadh i [[Nís]]. I rith a shaoil ar fad, chomh maith leis an ghairm léachtóireachta agus bua múinteoireachta, ina raibh sé dosháraithe, de réir a chuid mac léinn, d’fhan a dhúspéis agus a dhíograis chun staire éadaí arm na Seirbia. Síltear go bhfuil sé ina bhunaitheoir bealaí eolaíochta nua sa réimse sin.<ref name="британика 2">{{Cite book-en|title=Енциклопедија Британика. В-Ђ|date=2005|publisher=Народна књига : Политика|location=Београд|isbn=86-331-2112-3|pages=22}}</ref> Bhí sé ina bhall de ULUS (Cumman Mínealaíontóirí na Seirbia) agus ULUPUDS (Cumman Ealaíontóirí Feidhmeacha agus Dearthóirí na Seirbia). [[Íomhá:Regulas.jpg|mion|Saighdiúir Singil 1810, an Chéad Éirí Amach na Seirbia. Pictiúir le Pavle Vasić]] [[Catagóir:Básanna i 1993]] [[Catagóir:Daoine a rugadh i 1907]] [[Catagóir:Péintéirí]] 07fszzae0zukytnfy2szf7vfpresfxz 1320658 1320656 2026-07-15T16:30:08Z LukaTVK 75670 ff 1320658 wikitext text/x-wiki  {{WD Bosca Sonraí Duine|name=Pavle Vasić}} Ba phéintéir, léirmheastóir ealaíne, múinteoir agus dlíodóir Seirbiach é '''Pavle Vasić''' ([[30 Lúnasa]] [[1907]] — [[12 Márta]] [[1993]]) a rugadh i [[Nís]]. I rith a shaoil ar fad, chomh maith leis an ghairm léachtóireachta agus bua múinteoireachta, ina raibh sé dosháraithe, de réir a chuid mac léinn, d’fhan a dhúspéis agus a dhíograis chun staire éadaí arm na Seirbia. Síltear go bhfuil sé ina bhunaitheoir bealaí eolaíochta nua sa réimse sin.<ref name="британика 2">{{Cite book-en|title=Енциклопедија Британика. В-Ђ|date=2005|publisher=Народна књига : Политика|location=Београд|isbn=86-331-2112-3|pages=22}}</ref> Bhí sé ina bhall de ULUS (Cumman Mínealaíontóirí na Seirbia) agus ULUPUDS (Cumman Ealaíontóirí Feidhmeacha agus Dearthóirí na Seirbia). [[Íomhá:Regulas.jpg|mion|Saighdiúir Singil 1810, an Chéad Éirí Amach na Seirbia. Pictiúir le Pavle Vasić]] [[Catagóir:Básanna i 1993]] [[Catagóir:Daoine a rugadh i 1907]] [[Catagóir:Péintéirí]] f632wv4eenh8g9r637rsjkh3o31ylx9 1320659 1320658 2026-07-15T16:30:26Z LukaTVK 75670 Created by translating the page "[[:sr:Special:Redirect/revision/30424737|Павле Васић]]" 1320659 wikitext text/x-wiki {{WD Bosca Sonraí Duine2}} Ba phéintéir, léirmheastóir ealaíne, múinteoir agus dlíodóir Seirbiach é '''Pavle Vasić''' ([[30 Lúnasa]] [[1907]] — [[12 Márta]] [[1993]]) a rugadh i [[Nís]]. I rith a shaoil ar fad, chomh maith leis an ghairm léachtóireachta agus bua múinteoireachta, ina raibh sé dosháraithe, de réir a chuid mac léinn, d’fhan a dhúspéis agus a dhíograis chun staire éadaí arm na Seirbia. Síltear go bhfuil sé ina bhunaitheoir bealaí eolaíochta nua sa réimse sin.<ref name="британика 2">{{Cite book-en|title=Енциклопедија Британика. В-Ђ|date=2005|publisher=Народна књига : Политика|location=Београд|isbn=86-331-2112-3|pages=22}}</ref> Bhí sé ina bhall de ULUS (Cumman Mínealaíontóirí na Seirbia) agus ULUPUDS (Cumman Ealaíontóirí Feidhmeacha agus Dearthóirí na Seirbia). [[Íomhá:Regulas.jpg|mion|Saighdiúir Singil 1810, an Chéad Éirí Amach na Seirbia. Pictiúir le Pavle Vasić]] [[Catagóir:Básanna i 1993]] [[Catagóir:Daoine a rugadh i 1907]] [[Catagóir:Péintéirí]] 0yqayq6upy7cljpigwwcwiimoxwfatr 1320660 1320659 2026-07-15T16:32:32Z LukaTVK 75670 Created by translating the page "[[:sr:Special:Redirect/revision/30424737|Павле Васић]]" 1320660 wikitext text/x-wiki {{WD Bosca Sonraí Duine2}} Ba Phéintéir, léirmheastóir ealaíne, múinteoir agus dlíodóir Seirbiach é '''Pavle Vasić''' ([[30 Lúnasa]] [[1907]] — [[12 Márta]] [[1993]]) a rugadh i [[Nís]]. I rith a shaoil ar fad, chomh maith leis an ghairm léachtóireachta agus bua múinteoireachta, ina raibh sé dosháraithe, de réir a chuid mac léinn, d’fhan a dhúspéis agus a dhíograis chun staire éadaí arm na Seirbia. Síltear go bhfuil sé ina bhunaitheoir bealaí eolaíochta nua sa réimse sin.<ref name="британика 2">{{Cite book-en|title=Енциклопедија Британика. В-Ђ|date=2005|publisher=Народна књига : Политика|location=Београд|isbn=86-331-2112-3|pages=22}}</ref> Bhí sé ina bhall de ULUS (Cumman Mínealaíontóirí na Seirbia) agus ULUPUDS (Cumman Ealaíontóirí Feidhmeacha agus Dearthóirí na Seirbia). [[Íomhá:Regulas.jpg|mion|Saighdiúir Singil 1810, an Chéad Éirí Amach na Seirbia. Pictiúir le Pavle Vasić]] [[Catagóir:Básanna i 1993]] [[Catagóir:Daoine a rugadh i 1907]] [[Catagóir:Péintéirí]] lu8l9dx9wmeda2iluh353wox0sdejde 1320661 1320660 2026-07-15T16:32:45Z LukaTVK 75670 Created by translating the page "[[:sr:Special:Redirect/revision/30424737|Павле Васић]]" 1320661 wikitext text/x-wiki {{WD Bosca Sonraí Duine2}} Ba phéintéir, léirmheastóir ealaíne, múinteoir agus dlíodóir Seirbiach é '''Pavle Vasić''' ([[30 Lúnasa]] [[1907]] — [[12 Márta]] [[1993]]) a rugadh i [[Nís]]. I rith a shaoil ar fad, chomh maith leis an ghairm léachtóireachta agus bua múinteoireachta, ina raibh sé dosháraithe, de réir a chuid mac léinn, d’fhan a dhúspéis agus a dhíograis chun staire éadaí arm na Seirbia. Síltear go bhfuil sé ina bhunaitheoir bealaí eolaíochta nua sa réimse sin.<ref name="британика 2">{{Cite book-en|title=Енциклопедија Британика. В-Ђ|date=2005|publisher=Народна књига : Политика|location=Београд|isbn=86-331-2112-3|pages=22}}</ref> Bhí sé ina bhall de ULUS (Cumman Mínealaíontóirí na Seirbia) agus ULUPUDS (Cumman Ealaíontóirí Feidhmeacha agus Dearthóirí na Seirbia). [[Íomhá:Regulas.jpg|mion|Saighdiúir Singil 1810, an Chéad Éirí Amach na Seirbia. Pictiúir le Pavle Vasić]] [[Catagóir:Básanna i 1993]] [[Catagóir:Daoine a rugadh i 1907]] [[Catagóir:Péintéirí]] 0yqayq6upy7cljpigwwcwiimoxwfatr 1320668 1320661 2026-07-15T17:00:28Z LukaTVK 75670 f 1320668 wikitext text/x-wiki {{WD Bosca Sonraí Duine2|image=Pavle-Vasic.jpg}} Ba phéintéir, léirmheastóir ealaíne, múinteoir agus dlíodóir Seirbiach é '''Pavle Vasić''' ([[30 Lúnasa]] [[1907]] — [[12 Márta]] [[1993]]) a rugadh i [[Nís]]. I rith a shaoil ar fad, chomh maith leis an ghairm léachtóireachta agus bua múinteoireachta, ina raibh sé dosháraithe, de réir a chuid mac léinn, d’fhan a dhúspéis agus a dhíograis chun staire éadaí arm na Seirbia. Síltear go bhfuil sé ina bhunaitheoir bealaí eolaíochta nua sa réimse sin.<ref name="британика 2">{{Cite book-en|title=Енциклопедија Британика. В-Ђ|date=2005|publisher=Народна књига : Политика|location=Београд|isbn=86-331-2112-3|pages=22}}</ref> Bhí sé ina bhall de ULUS (Cumman Mínealaíontóirí na Seirbia) agus ULUPUDS (Cumman Ealaíontóirí Feidhmeacha agus Dearthóirí na Seirbia). [[Íomhá:Regulas.jpg|mion|Saighdiúir Singil 1810, an Chéad Éirí Amach na Seirbia. Pictiúir le Pavle Vasić]] [[Catagóir:Básanna i 1993]] [[Catagóir:Daoine a rugadh i 1907]] [[Catagóir:Péintéirí]] qwxt3o3b8o0c42wwvd80xpu3izec3xz 0 127089 1320671 1320553 2026-07-15T17:26:07Z Ériugena 188 1320671 wikitext text/x-wiki {{WD Bosca Sonraí Galar}}Is [[neoplasma]] cnis é '''acantóma''' atá comhdhéanta de chealla [[Eipitéiliam|gainneach]]<nowiki/>a nó [[Eipideirm|eipideirmeacha]]. Tá sé suite i gciseal na cille deilgní. I measc na gcineálacha acantómanna tá ''pilar sheath acanthoma,'' siad falacailí neamhurchóideach a bhíonn de ghnáth ar an liopa uachtarach; acantóma glancheallach soiléire, siad neamhurchóideach a fhaightear is minice ar na cosa; agus acantóma Degos, measctha go minic le galar Degos ach nach mbaineann leis. == Stair == Sa bhliain 2005, cuireadh "Acanthoma" ( a leagan Béarla) le MeSH mar théarma innéacs; ba é "Skin Neoplasms" an t-innéacsú roimhe sin (1965–2004). <ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|author=Tybaert|first=Sara|date=Nov–Dec 2004|title=MEDLINE® Data Changes - 2005|url=https://www.nlm.nih.gov/pubs/techbull/nd04/nd04_med_data_changes.html|journal=[[NLM Technical Bulletin]]|issue=341|pages=e9}}</ref> Ag an am sin, níor innéacsaigh PubMed ach 206 alt leis an téarma "acanthoma" (an téarma a bhíonn sa teideal nó san achoimre de ghnáth). == Tagairtí == {{Reflist}} == Naisc sheachtracha == {{Medical resources|DiseasesDB=|ICD10=|ICD9=|ICDO=|OMIM=|MedlinePlus=|eMedicineSubj=|eMedicineTopic=|MeshID=D049309}}{{Skin tumors, epidermis}} [[Catagóir:Ailsí neamhchoitianta]] bd1rbd0zhp8887qa7gdmtb46wb7zdbd 1320675 1320671 2026-07-15T18:47:45Z Ériugena 188 /* Naisc sheachtracha */ 1320675 wikitext text/x-wiki {{WD Bosca Sonraí Galar}}Is [[neoplasma]] cnis é '''acantóma''' atá comhdhéanta de chealla [[Eipitéiliam|gainneach]]<nowiki/>a nó [[Eipideirm|eipideirmeacha]]. Tá sé suite i gciseal na cille deilgní. I measc na gcineálacha acantómanna tá ''pilar sheath acanthoma,'' siad falacailí neamhurchóideach a bhíonn de ghnáth ar an liopa uachtarach; acantóma glancheallach soiléire, siad neamhurchóideach a fhaightear is minice ar na cosa; agus acantóma Degos, measctha go minic le galar Degos ach nach mbaineann leis. == Stair == Sa bhliain 2005, cuireadh "Acanthoma" ( a leagan Béarla) le MeSH mar théarma innéacs; ba é "Skin Neoplasms" an t-innéacsú roimhe sin (1965–2004). <ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|author=Tybaert|first=Sara|date=Nov–Dec 2004|title=MEDLINE® Data Changes - 2005|url=https://www.nlm.nih.gov/pubs/techbull/nd04/nd04_med_data_changes.html|journal=[[NLM Technical Bulletin]]|issue=341|pages=e9}}</ref> Ag an am sin, níor innéacsaigh PubMed ach 206 alt leis an téarma "acanthoma" (an téarma a bhíonn sa teideal nó san achoimre de ghnáth). == Tagairtí == {{Reflist}} == Naisc sheachtracha == [[Catagóir:Ailsí neamhchoitianta]] 0bcw2u2rp038kzkdfu1shbpu5xckr68 1320729 1320675 2026-07-16T08:45:07Z Ériugena 188 1320729 wikitext text/x-wiki {{WD Bosca Sonraí Galar}}Is [[neoplasma]] cnis é '''acantóma''' atá comhdhéanta de chealla [[Eipitéiliam|gainneach]]<nowiki/>a nó [[Eipideirm|eipideirmeacha]]. Tá sé suite i gciseal na cille deilgní. I measc na gcineálacha acantómanna tá 'acantóma truaille ribe' (enː''pilar sheath acanthoma''), siad falacailí neamhurchóideach a bhíonn de ghnáth ar an liopa uachtarach; acantóma glancheallach soiléire, siad neamhurchóideach a fhaightear is minice ar na cosa; agus acantóma Degos, measctha go minic le galar Degos ach nach mbaineann leis. == Stair == Sa bhliain 2005, cuireadh "Acanthoma" ( a leagan Béarla) le MeSH mar théarma innéacs; ba é "Skin Neoplasms" an t-innéacsú roimhe sin (1965–2004). <ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|author=Tybaert|first=Sara|date=Nov–Dec 2004|title=MEDLINE® Data Changes - 2005|url=https://www.nlm.nih.gov/pubs/techbull/nd04/nd04_med_data_changes.html|journal=[[NLM Technical Bulletin]]|issue=341|pages=e9}}</ref> Ag an am sin, níor innéacsaigh PubMed ach 206 alt leis an téarma "acanthoma" (an téarma a bhíonn sa teideal nó san achoimre de ghnáth). == Tagairtí == {{Reflist}} == Naisc sheachtracha == [[Catagóir:Ailsí neamhchoitianta]] 4763fg3hpzd8nh3n4k5awnqnqn9rz0p 1 127090 1320730 1320550 2026-07-16T08:47:25Z Ériugena 188 /* acantóma truaille ribe Le dea-mhéin, Jenny Ní Mhaoileoin An Coiste Téarmaíochta */ mír nua 1320730 wikitext text/x-wiki == pilar sheath acanthoma == Caithfidh mé comhairle a ghlacadh ó Terama .ie maidir le haistriúchán ceartǃ̴̴ [[Úsáideoir:Ériugena|Ériugena]] ([[Plé úsáideora:Ériugena|plé]]) 18:57, 14 Iúil 2026 (UTC) == acantóma truaille ribe Le dea-mhéin, Jenny Ní Mhaoileoin An Coiste Téarmaíochta == De réir An Coiste Téarmaíochtaǃ̴̴ [[Úsáideoir:Ériugena|Ériugena]] ([[Plé úsáideora:Ériugena|plé]]) 08:47, 16 Iúil 2026 (UTC) l2obx4t82rz7acqn7z1xnp6sqyak2ig 0 127093 1320706 2026-07-16T01:09:56Z TGcoa 21229 Leathanach cruthaithe le 'Is éard atá i gceist le '''Réiteach malartach díospóide (RMD)'''<ref>i mBéarla, ''Alternative Dispute Resolution''</ref>  ná gach cineál díospóide a réiteach seachas cúirt. Áirítear le réiteach malartach díospóide idirghabháil, comhréiteach agus idirbheartaíocht  agus eadráin. == Féach freisin == '''Tagairtí''' {{reflist}}{{síol}} [[Catagóir:Eadráin]] [[Catagóir:Idirghabháil]] [[Catagóir:Idirbheartaíocht]] Catagóir:Coincheapa...' 1320706 wikitext text/x-wiki Is éard atá i gceist le '''Réiteach malartach díospóide (RMD)'''<ref>i mBéarla, ''Alternative Dispute Resolution''</ref>  ná gach cineál díospóide a réiteach seachas cúirt. Áirítear le réiteach malartach díospóide idirghabháil, comhréiteach agus idirbheartaíocht  agus eadráin. == Féach freisin == '''Tagairtí''' {{reflist}}{{síol}} [[Catagóir:Eadráin]] [[Catagóir:Idirghabháil]] [[Catagóir:Idirbheartaíocht]] [[Catagóir:Coincheapa dlíthiúla]] r4th2ubpn6l7ra9karoj3dlpadzivko 1320707 1320706 2026-07-16T01:10:18Z TGcoa 21229 1320707 wikitext text/x-wiki Is éard atá i gceist le '''Réiteach malartach díospóide (RMD)'''<ref>i mBéarla, ''Alternative Dispute Resolution''</ref>  ná gach cineál díospóide a réiteach seachas cúirt. Áirítear le réiteach malartach díospóide idirghabháil, comhréiteach agus idirbheartaíocht  agus eadráin. == Féach freisin == == Tagairtí == {{reflist}}{{síol}} [[Catagóir:Eadráin]] [[Catagóir:Idirghabháil]] [[Catagóir:Idirbheartaíocht]] [[Catagóir:Coincheapa dlíthiúla]] 5klvggygp82gbkmipo3urr0nt20vb9b 1320708 1320707 2026-07-16T01:11:19Z TGcoa 21229 Bhog TGcoa an leathanach [[Alternative Dispute Resolution]] go [[Réiteach malartach díospóide]] 1320707 wikitext text/x-wiki Is éard atá i gceist le '''Réiteach malartach díospóide (RMD)'''<ref>i mBéarla, ''Alternative Dispute Resolution''</ref>  ná gach cineál díospóide a réiteach seachas cúirt. Áirítear le réiteach malartach díospóide idirghabháil, comhréiteach agus idirbheartaíocht  agus eadráin. == Féach freisin == == Tagairtí == {{reflist}}{{síol}} [[Catagóir:Eadráin]] [[Catagóir:Idirghabháil]] [[Catagóir:Idirbheartaíocht]] [[Catagóir:Coincheapa dlíthiúla]] 5klvggygp82gbkmipo3urr0nt20vb9b 0 127094 1320709 2026-07-16T01:11:19Z TGcoa 21229 Bhog TGcoa an leathanach [[Alternative Dispute Resolution]] go [[Réiteach malartach díospóide]] 1320709 wikitext text/x-wiki #athsheoladh [[Réiteach malartach díospóide]] t508j2jqgvb3ojgd1ey617m5ypbm1ys