Vicipéid gawiki https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pr%C3%ADomhleathanach MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.12 first-letter Meán Speisialta Plé Úsáideoir Plé úsáideora Vicipéid Plé Vicipéide Íomhá Plé íomhá MediaWiki Plé MediaWiki Teimpléad Plé teimpléid Cabhair Plé cabhrach Catagóir Plé catagóire TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk 0 3845 1321730 1275206 2026-07-26T19:49:54Z Conradder 34685 /* Tarluithe eile */ 1321730 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Iúil}} Is é an '''26 Iúil''' an 207ú lá den bhliain de réir fhéilire Ghréagóra nó an 208ú lá i mbliain bhisigh. Tá 158 lá fágtha sa bhliain. == Féilte == * [[An Libéir]] - Lá na Saoirse * [[An Chríostaíocht|Críostaíocht]]: Lá fhéile [[Naomh Áine|Áine]] == Daoine a rugadh ar an lá seo == * [[1678]] — [[Seosamh I, An tImpire Naofa Rómhánach|Seosamh I]], An tImpire Naofa Rómhánach (b.[[1711]]) * [[1856]] — [[George Bernard Shaw]], drámadóir (b.[[1950]]) * [[1875]] — [[Antonio Machado]], file Spáinneach (b. [[1939]]) * [[1875]] — [[Carl Jung]], síciatraí agus smaointeoir (b.[[1961]]) * [[1893]] — [[Eric Dodds]], scoláire clasaiceach (b.[[1979]]) * [[1894]] — [[Aldous Huxley]], Scríbhneoir Sasanach (b. [[1963]]) * [[1895]] — [[Gracie Allen]], ban-aisteoir Meiriceánach (b. [[1964]]) * [[1898]] — [[Peadar Duignan]], polaiteoir Éireannach (b. [[1955]]) * [[1899]] — [[Timothy O'Sullivan (Fianna Fáil)|Timothy O'Sullivan]], polaiteoir Éireannach (b. [[1971]]) * [[1908]] — [[Salvador Allende]], 29ú Uachtarán na Sile (b.[[1973]]) * [[1910]] — [[Philip Burton]], polaiteoir Éireannach (b. [[1995]]) * [[1919]] — [[James Lovelock]], eolaí Sasanach (b. [[2022]]) * [[1922]] — [[Jason Robards]], aisteoir Meiriceánach (b. [[2000]]) * [[1928]] — [[Francesco Cossiga]], 8ú hUachtarán na hIodáile (b. [[2010]]) * [[1928]] — [[Stanley Kubrick]], stiúrthóir scannán Meiriceánach (b. [[1999]]) * [[1931]] — [[Paddy Harte]], polaiteoir Éireannach (b. [[2018]]) * [[1939]] — [[John Howard]], 25ú Príomh-Aire na hAstráile * [[1943]] — [[Mick Jagger]], rac-cheoltóir agus aisteoir Sasanach * [[1945]] — [[Helen Mirren]], ban-aisteoir Sasanach * [[1951]] — [[Daniel Everett]], teangeolaí Meiriceánach * [[1955]] — [[Asif Ali Zardari]], polaiteoir sa Phacastáin * [[1959]] — [[Kevin Spacey]], aisteoir Meiriceánach * [[1959]] — [[Mairéad Ní Mhaonaigh]], amhránaí Éireannach * [[1960]] — [[Trevor Sargent]], polaiteoir Éireannach * [[1964]] — [[Sandra Bullock]], ban-aisteoir agus léiritheoir Meiriceánach * [[1967]] — [[Jason Statham]], aisteoir Sasanach * [[1975]] — [[Liz Truss]], polaiteoir Briotanach * [[1978]] — [[Averil Power]], polaiteoir Éireannach * [[1980]] — [[Jacinda Ardern]], Príomh-Aire na Nua-Shéalainne == Daoine a fuair bás ar an lá seo == * [[1506]] — [[An Bhanríon Áine Kendal|Áine Kendal]], ~22, Banríon na hUngáire agus na Boihéime (r.[[1484]]) * [[1619]] — [[Alonso de Guzmán y Sotomayor, 7ú Diúc Medina Sidonia]], uaslathaí Spáinneach (r. [[1550]]) * [[1943]] — [[Laurence O'Neill]], polaiteoir Éireannach (r. [[1864]]) * [[1952]] — [[Alfred P. Byrne]], polaiteoir Éireannach (r. [[1913]]) * [[1952]] — [[Eva Perón]], polaiteoir Airgintíneach (r. [[1919]]) * [[1971]] — [[Donal O'Donoghue]], polaiteoir Éireannach (r. [[1894]]) * [[1980]] — [[Allen Hoskins]], aisteoir (r. [[1920]]) * [[1993]] — [[Marcellite Garner]], ban-aisteoir Meiriceánach (r. [[1908]]) * [[1994]] — [[Terry Scott]], aisteoir agus fuirseoir Briotanach (r. [[1927]]) * [[1998]] — [[Seán Ó hEinirí|Seán Ó hÉinirí]], Seanchaí, Cainteoir aonteangach Gaeilge (r. [[1915]]) * [[2013]] — [[Sung Jae-ki]], gníomhaí ar son chearta na bhfear as an gCóiré Theas (r. [[1967]]) * [[2021]] — [[Mike Enzi]], polaiteoir Meiriceánach (r. [[1944]]) * [[2023]] — [[Sinéad O'Connor]], amhránaí Éireannach (r. [[1966]]) == Tarluithe eile == * [[1788]] - Dhaingnigh [[Nua-Eabhrac (stát)|Nua-Eabhrac]] [[Bunreacht na Stát Aontaithe]] mar sin rinneadh ina 11ú stát é. * [[1847]] - D'fógartha [[An Libéir]] neamhspleáchas ó [[na Stáit Aontaithe]] * [[1891]] - D'ionghabh [[an Fhrainc]] [[Taihítí]] * [[1914]] - Mharaigh na póilíní triúr sibhialtaigh i m[[Baile Átha Cliath]] i ndiaidh leaindeáil 1,500 raidhfil (ón [[luamh]] [[Asgard]]) i m[[Binn Éadair]] ag [[Óglaigh na hÉireann (1913-1919)|Óglaigh na hÉireann]] * [[1936]] - [[Cogadh Cathartha na Spáinne]]: chinn [[An Ghearmáin Naitsíoch|An Ghearmáin]] agus [[Ríocht na hIodáile|An Iodáil]] idirghabháil sa chogadh ar son [[Francisco Franco|Franco]] * [[1977]] - Chúir [[Québec]] i bhfeidhm [[Fraincis]] mar an teanga oifigiúil don rialtas áitiúil * [[2016]] - Ainmníodh [[Hillary Clinton]] mar iarrthóir an uachtaráin don [[Páirtí Daonlathach (Stáit Aontaithe)|Pháirtí Daonlathach]]. Bhí sí an chéad bhean ainmniúchán a fháil le páirtí polaitíochta mór . * [[2026]] - Bris [[CLG Chontae Mhaigh Eo|Maigh Eo]] "an mhallacht" nuair a bhuaigh siad [[Craobhchomórtas Sinsear na hÉireann sa Pheil|Craobh Shinsir Peile na hÉireann]] den chéad uiar le cúig bliana is seachtó. bhuail siad [[CLG Chontae Chiarraí|Ciarraí]] sa chluiche ceannais (1-20 1-17) [[Catagóir:Dátaí|0726]] [[Catagóir:Míonna|Iúil, 26]] tqo3rymghp2laziw1ia0lfjsk042nzn 2 4854 1321742 15579 2026-07-26T22:01:54Z SpinnerLaserzthe2nd 46736 ([[c:GR|GR]]) [[File:Ireland flag 300.png]] → [[File:Flag of Ireland.svg]] 1321742 wikitext text/x-wiki <font size="+2"><b>[[:it:Utente:Kanchelskis|Kanchelskis]][[Image:Flag of Ireland.svg|25px]] <font style="color:green;">&#09827;</font> [[:it:Discussioni_Utente:Kanchelskis|'''plé''']]</b></font> [[it:Utente:Kanchelskis|Kanchelskis]] 4ac02wutwfg4xb3es7azeafdihowx8q 0 5666 1321797 1275516 2026-07-27T08:49:52Z Conradder 34685 /* Tarluithe eile */ 1321797 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Iúil}} Is é an '''27 Iúil''' an 208ú lá den bhliain de réir fhéilire Ghréagóra nó an 209ú lá i mbliain bhisigh. Tá 157 lá fágtha sa bhliain. == Féilte == * [[An Fhionlainn]] - ''Unikeonpäivä'' == Daoine a rugadh ar an lá seo == * [[1777]] — [[Thomas Campbell]], file Albanach (b.[[1844]]) * [[1870]] — [[Hilaire Belloc]], scríbhneoir (b. [[1953]]) * [[1897]] — [[Daniel Vaughan]], polaiteoir Éireannach (b. [[1975]]) * [[1900]] — [[Adalbert Probst]], polaiteoir Gearmánach (b. [[1934]]) * [[1910]] — [[Frank Carter]], polaiteoir Éireannach (b. [[1988]]) * [[1910]] — [[Julien Gracq]], scríbhneoir Francach (b. [[2007]]) * [[1921]] — [[Tom Nolan]], polaiteoir Éireannach (b. [[1992]]) * [[1938]] — [[Isabelle Aubret]], amhránaí Francach * [[1942]] — [[Ernie Ross]], polaiteoir Briotanach (b. [[2021]]) * [[1948]] — [[Moss Keane]], imreoir rugbaí Éireannach (b. [[2010]]) * [[1977]] — [[Ana Pontón]], polaiteoir Spáinneach * [[1977]] — [[Jonathan Rhys Meyers]], aisteoir * [[1978]] — [[Diarmuid Ó Súilleabháin (iománaí)|Diarmuid Ó Súilleabháin]], iománaí * [[1979]] — [[Marielle Franco]], polaiteoir agus gníomhaí Brasaíleach (b. [[2018]]) * [[1981]] — [[Paul Williams]], dornálaí Meiriceánach == Daoine a fuair bás ar an lá seo == * [[1061]] — [[Pápa Nioclás II]] * [[1759]] — [[Pierre Louis Moreau de Maupertuis]], réalteolaí is matamaiticeoir Francach (r. [[1698]]) * [[1805]] — [[Brian Mac Giolla Meidhre]], file Éireannach (r. [[1747]]) * [[1844]] — [[John Dalton]], ceimiceoir agus fisiceoir Sasanach (r.[[1766]]) * [[1886]] — [[Eliza Lynch]], Céadbhean Pharagua (r. [[1835]]) * [[1917]] — [[Emil Kocher]], máinlia Eilvéiseach (r. [[1841]]) * [[1934]] — [[Nelly Diener]], aeróstach mná (r. [[1912]]) * [[1938]] — [[Tom Crean]], taiscéalaí Éireannach (r.[[1877]]) * [[1946]] — [[Gertrude Stein]], scríbhneoir (r.[[1874]]) * [[1949]] — [[Vince Dundee]], dornálaí Meiriceánach (r. [[1907]]) * [[1981]] — [[Annraoi Ó Liatháin]], scríbhneoir Éireannach (r. [[1917]]) * [[1984]] — [[James Mason]], aisteoir Sasanach (r. [[1909]]) * [[2003]] — [[Bob Hope]], aisteoir Sasanach (r. [[1903]]) * [[2019]] — [[John Robert Schrieffer]], fisiceoir Meiriceánach (r. [[1931]]) * [[2021]] — [[Saginaw Grant]], aisteoir, damhsóir, agus cainteoir spreagúil Bundúchasach Meiriceánach (r. [[1936]]) * [[2022]] — [[Bernard Cribbins]], aisteoir agus amhránaí Sasanach (r. [[1928]]) * [[2024]] — [[Edna O'Brien]], file, úrscéalaí, scríbhneoir, is beathaisnéisí Éireannach (r. [[1930]]) == Tarluithe eile == * [[1549]] - Tháinig an sagart Íosánach, [[Naomh Proinsias Xavier|Proinsias Xavier]] sa t[[Seapáin]] * [[1689]] - [[An Réabhlóid Ghlórmhar]]: tharla [[Cath Raon Ruairidh]] agus bhí bua do na [[Seacaibíteachas|Seacaibítigh]] * [[1694]] - Tugadh cairt ríoga do [[Banc Shasana|Bhanc Shasana]] * [[1890]] - Lamhach [[Vincent van Gogh]] é fein. Fuair sé bás dhá lá ina dhiaidh sin. * [[1921]] - Chruthaigh taighdeoirí de chuid Ollscoile Toronto, le [[Frederick Banting]], go rialaíonn [[inslin]] siúcra fola <!-- idirvicí --> [[Catagóir:Dátaí|0727]] [[Catagóir:Míonna|Iúil, 27]] 8utf53tvetbwmy3axanz5b3ovow2726 0 6634 1321709 1310320 2026-07-26T14:29:50Z TGcoa 21229 1321709 wikitext text/x-wiki {{WD Bosca Sonraí Duine}} Amhránaí agus cumadóir [[Éire]]annach ba ea '''Sinéad Marie Bernadette O'Connor''' ([[8 Nollaig]] [[1966]] – [[26 Iúil]] [[2023]])<ref name="IT">{{Lua idirlín|teideal=Sinéad O’Connor, acclaimed Dublin singer, dies aged 56 |url=https://www.irishtimes.com/culture/music/2023/07/26/sinead-oconnor-acclaimed-dublin-singer-dies-aged-56/|Dáta=26 Iúil 2023|Dátarochtana=26 Iúil 2023|foilsitheoir=[[The Irish Times]]}}</ref> a raibh meas tuillte aici timpeall an domhain mar gheall ar a cumas ceoil ó na [[1980idí]] ar aghaidh. Ba bhean í a raibh an-tóir ar fud an domhain ar a cuid ceoil.<ref name="RTÉ">{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.rte.ie/news/nuacht/2023/0726/1396684-an-t-amhranai-sinead-oconnor-tar-eis-bhais/|teideal=An t-amhránaí Sinéad O'Connor tar éis bháis|údar=Nuacht RTÉ|dáta=26 Iúil 2023|foilsitheoir=[[RTÉ]]|dátarochtana=26 Iúil 2023|Dáta=26 Iúil 2023|Dátarochtana=26 Iúil 2023}}</ref> Bhí aithne uirthi chomh maith mar gheall ar a ceann bearrtha, a háilleacht is a cuid tuairimí conspóideacha. Ag aois an-óg a d'aimsigh Sinéad an spotsolas agus d'úsáid sí an aird le solas a chaitheamh ní hamháin ar a cuid ceoil ach ar go leor eile ar nós an tslí ar caitheadh le mná in Éirinn chomh maith le [[mí-úsáid ghnéis]], teifigh, [[ciníochas]], an tabú a bhain leis an ngalar [[SEIF]] agus neart eile.<ref name=":1">{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Fís nua do mhná na tíre seo: Oidhreacht Shinéad O' Connor|url=https://www.rte.ie/gaeilge/2023/0728/1397097-fis-nua-do-mhna-na-tire-seo-oidhreacht-shinead-o-connor/|date=2023-07-28|language=ga-IE|author=Raidió na Gaeltachta / Philip King}}</ref> Ach is as feabhas a cuid ceoil agus as a guth binn mín is fearr agus is faide a bheidh cuimhne ar Shinéad.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.rte.ie/search/query/Sin%C3%A9ad%20O%27Connor/|teideal=Searching for "Sinéad O'Connor" {{!}} RTE.ie|language=en|work=www.rte.ie|dátarochtana=2023-08-16}}</ref><ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.rte.ie/culture/sinead-oconnor/|teideal=Sinéad O'Connor celebrated|dáta=2023-07-26|language=en|work=RTE.ie|dátarochtana=2023-08-16}}</ref><ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.rte.ie/archives/profiles/oconnor-sinead/|teideal=RTÉ Archives {{!}} Sinéad O'Connor|work=www.rte.ie|dátarochtana=2023-08-16}}</ref> [[Íomhá:Sinead O'Connor 1987.jpg|clé|mion|175x175px|Sinead O'Connor 1987]] [[Íomhá:Sinead O'Connor 1988.jpg|clé|mion|1988]] == Ceol == Ba léir go raibh dúchas láidir ceoil inti go hóg ina saol. Agus Sinéad ar an mheánscoil, spreag a múinteoir Gaeilge í le ceithre hamhrán a thaifeadadh – dhá cheann a chum sí féin ina measc. Uaidh sin, thuill sí clú agus cáil as a cuid ceoil ní amháin mar amhránaí ach mar léiritheoir ceoil chomh maith.<ref name=":0">{{Lua idirlín|url=https://ccea.org.uk/downloads/docs/ccea-asset-im/Resource/Sin%C3%A9ad%20O%26%23039%3BConnor.pdf|teideal=Beatha le bua|údar=CEA / ccea.org.uk|dátarochtana=2023|archivedate=2024-06-19|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240619011337/https://ccea.org.uk/downloads/docs/ccea-asset-im/Resource/Sin%C3%A9ad%20O%26%23039%3BConnor.pdf}}</ref> Leoga, agus gan í ach fiche bliain d’aois, léirigh sí a céad albam ''The Lion and the Cobra''. Is léiriú ceart é ‘Troy’, an chéad singil a roghnaíodh as an albam sin, ar an drochbhail a tugadh uirthi le linn a hóige.<ref name=":2">{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.meoneile.ie/anailis/sinead-o-connor-phleasc-a-solas-frid-na-scamaill|teideal=Sinéad O’Connor - phléasc a solas fríd na scamaill < Meon Eile|údar=Michelle Nic Pháidín|dáta=31 Iúil 2023|language=ga-IE|work=www.meoneile.ie|dátarochtana=2024-03-03}}</ref> Bhain sí clú agus cáil amach a chéaduair leis an amhrán Mandinka i 1987 ón albam sin. D’éirigh go maith leis seo agus le halbaim eile a d’eisigh sí ina dhiaidh sin (féach uirthi in 1989 ar an [[The Late Late Show (RTÉ)|Late Late]]).<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.rte.ie/archives/2019/0203/1026732-sinead-oconnor-a-capella/|teideal="I am stretched on your grave"|údar=Sinéad O'Connor A Cappella|dáta=1989|language=en|work=RTÉ Archives|dátarochtana=2023-08-16}}</ref> Bhain an t-amhránaí clú idirnáisiúnta amach lena dara halbam, ''I Do Not Want What I Haven’t Got'', a seoladh in 1990 agus ar a raibh an leagan uathúil sin de ''Nothing Compares to U'' (amhrán de chuid [[Prince]]),<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title='Nothing Compares 2 U' {{!}} The Late Late Show {{!}} RTÉ One|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5KuGUP-C9Ko|language=en|author=Shuhada' Sadaqa|date=2019}}</ref> an t-amhrán is mó a tharraing aitheantas uirthi. Is ar a máthair a bhíodh sí ag smaoineamh agus í á cheol, a dúirt sí (maraíodh a máthair go tobann i dtimpiste bóthair in 1985). Is cinnte gur sin an chúis ar chaoin sí nuair a bhí siad ag scannánú an amhráin (blianta ina dhiaidh sin, dúirt sí gurbh iad a deora a tharraing daoine chuici ach nuair a bhí sí ag streachailt i ndáiríre is beag aird a bhí ag daoine uirthi).<ref name=":2" /> Bhí bua ar leith ag Sinéad maidir le liricí nach gcuireann aon fhiacail ann a chumadh.<ref>Sampla den scoth é curfá ‘The Value of Ignorance’: "All those nights with my arse in your face and your words in my dreams. Now I know what the value of ignorance means"</ref><ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://tuairisc.ie/sinead-oconnor-udar-splancfhicsin/|teideal=Sinéad O’Connor, údar splancfhicsin|údar=Alex Hijmans|dáta=10 Márta 2018|language=ga-IE|work=Tuairisc.ie|dátarochtana=2023-07-26}}</ref> Thaifead Sinéad deich n-albam stiúideo ar fad lena linn. Bhí sí ábalta aon chineál ceoil a chasadh – [[reggae]], pop, traidisiúnta, agus roc...<ref name=":0" /> [[Íomhá:Gualtieri Sicaminò - Chiesa di Santa Maria Annunziata - 2023-09-01 10-45-57 011.JPG|clé|mion|cuma timpeall 1993, "Chiesa di Santa Maria Annunziata" san Iodáil|293x293px]] === Gaeilge === Cé gur i mBéarla atá na hamhráin is mó cáil a chan Sinéad O’Connor, bhí dáimh ar leith aici leis an nGaeilge freisin.<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://nos.ie/cultur/ceol/na-hamhrain-ghaeilge-a-chan-sinead-oconnor/|teideal=Na hamhráin Ghaeilge a chan Sinéad O'Connor|údar=NÓS|dáta=2023-07-29|language=ga-IE|dátarochtana=2023-08-16|archivedate=2023-10-04|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20231004075739/https://nos.ie/cultur/ceol/na-hamhrain-ghaeilge-a-chan-sinead-oconnor/}}</ref> In 2002 d’eisigh Sinéad albam dar teideal ''Sean-Nós Nua'' ar a bhfuil dhá amhrán as Gaeilge mar atá [[Báidín Fheilimí]] agus [[Oró Sé do Bheatha 'Bhaile]]. Rinne sí seo le ‘claochlú, bás agus athbhreith an chultúir Ghaelaigh’ a léiriú, dar léi.<ref name=":0" /> Léirigh a fear céile ag an am, [[Donal Lunny]], cuid dá halbam ''Sean Nós Nua.''<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=http://www.beo.ie/alt-donal-lunny.aspx|teideal=Donal Lunny|údar=Éamonn Ó Dónaill|dáta=2002|language=ga-IE|work=Beo!|dátarochtana=2023-07-26}}</ref>Chomh maith leis sin, bhí ‘[[Mná na hÉireann]]’ agus ‘[[Róisín Dubh]]’ i measc na n-amhrán a bhí aici agus ar an gcéad albam uaithi, ''The Lion and the Cobra'', tá an t-amhránaí clúiteach [[Enya]] le cloisteáil ag rá Salm 91 ar an traic ‘Never Get Old’.[[Íomhá:Sinéad O’Connor (cropped).jpg|clé|mion|2008|253x253px]] == Beatha == Rugadh Sinéad O'Connor ar an 8u lá de mhí na Nollag 1966 - lá Mhuire gan Smál<ref>Ba dheas mar sin gurbh í a bhí i ról na Maighdine Muire sa scannán The Butcher Boy.</ref> - i m[[Baile Átha Cliath]]. I n[[Gleann na gCaorach]] i ndeisceart an chontae a tógadh í. Bhí cúigear sa chlann. Ba í a máthair mhór Kitty O’Grady a bhí ina máthair bhaistí aici agus bhí dáimh láidir idir an bheirt bhan - is deas na cuimhní a bhí ag Sinéad ar bheith istigh i dteach Kitty ina hóige. Bhí saol beag corrach aici ina hóige. agus saol crua aici ó mhí-úsáid gnéis. Scar a tuismitheoirí nuair a bhí sí ocht mbliana d’aois agus tharla i dtrioblóid í anois is arís ina dhiaidh sin. Mhaigh sí gur bhuail an mháthair í, gur fhulaing sí mí-úsáid ghnéis agus gur tógadh i dteach an uafáis í. B’iomaí sin uair, a dúirt Sinéad, gur thug a máthair drochbhail uirthi. Dúirt sí gur fhág a máthair ar feadh coicíse sa ghairdín í agus gan í ábalta dul isteach sa teach le titim na hoíche - is mar gheall air seo a bhí fuath aici ar an chlapsholas agus í ina duine fásta.<ref name=":2" /> Chuaigh sí le cónaí lena hathair nuair a bhí sí 10 mbliana d’aois. Ag an am seo, bhíodh Sinéad ag goid ó shiopaí. De bharr í a bheith ag goid, cuireadh isteach in ionad ceartúcháin an Ghrianáin í<ref>An "Grianán Training Centre "  i mBÁC agus Order of Our Lady of Charity i mbun</ref> nuair a bhí sí 15 bliain d'aois ar feadh 18 mhí.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Magdalene Laundries in Ireland|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Magdalene_Laundries_in_Ireland&oldid=1164315349|journal=Wikipedia|date=2023-07-08|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=agallamh|url=https://books.google.fr/books?id=GJ2P1hu6nToC&pg=PA54&dq=%22such+panic+and+terror+and+agony%22&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=%22such%20panic%20and%20terror%20and%20agony%22&f=false|publisher=|date=1990-04|language=en|author=SPIN Media LLC|journal="if you were bad, they sent you upstairs to sleep in the old folks' home. You're in there in the pitch black, you can smell the shit and the puke and everything, and these old women are moaning in their sleep ... I have never—and probably will never—experience such panic and terror and agony over anything."}}</ref> Bhíodh an t-ionad seo ina [[Árais máithreacha agus naíonán agus tithe Maigdiléana in Éirinn|neachtlann Magdalene]] lá den tsaol agus cé gur dhúirt Sinéad go raibh na mná rialta tíoránta uaireanta, is anseo a tugadh a céad ghiotár dí, rud a spreag í le dul i mbun gairme a chuirfeadh í ar stáitse an domhain. Ní raibh fuath aici ar a máthair áfach agus briseadh a croí nuair a maraíodh a máthair i dtimpiste bóthair in 1985.<ref name=":2" /> [[Íomhá:Sinéad O'Connor (9781906584) (cropped).jpg|clé|mion|Ramsbottom Music Festival, 2013.|327x327px]][[Íomhá:Under a Purple Star (16716732879) (cropped).jpg|clé|mion|timpeall 2015|293x293px]] === Gníomhaí === [[Íomhá:Photo - Festival de Cornouaille 2014 - Sinéad O’Connor en concert le 26 juillet - 015.jpg|clé|mion|2014|330x330px]]Bhí clú agus cáil uirthi mar ghníomhaí agus reibiliúnach. Bean dheisbhéalach ab ea Sinéad a labhair amach faoi ábhair éagsúla.<ref name="RTÉ" /> Thug Sinéad aghaidh ar ábhair nach raibh daoine eile sásta nó cróga go leor aghaidh a thabhairt orthu. Ní raibh aon chur i gcéill i gceist le Sinéad, ar eagla nach ndíolfaí a cuid ceoil.<ref name=":1" /> Ba chuimhin léi i dtús ama lucht bainistíochta ag iarraidh uirthi a cuid gruaige a fhás, smideadh a chur uirthi agus sciortaí gairide a chaitheamh, ach níor bhac sí leo.<ref name=":2" /> Ach bhí impleachtaí diúltacha agus dearfacha aige sin uirthi. * '''''Saturday Night Live'''.'' Labhair sí amach in aghaidh mí-úsáide san Eaglais Chaitliceach in Éirinn sna 1980/1990dí, agus labhair sí amach roimh daoine eile. Mar shampla, ar 3 D.F. 1993, agus amhrán dar teideal “War” á cheol aici i Meiriceá ar an chlár ''[[Saturday Night Live]]'', stróic sí grianghraf den [[Pápa Eoin Pól II|Phápa Eoin Pól II]]. Dúirt sí gur mar gheall ar an mhí-úsáid ghnéis a bhí ar siúl san Eaglais a rinne sí é. Tharraing an gníomh droch-chlú uirthi ach tá go leor a rá le laethanta anuas go raibh sí fadbheathnaitheach. * '''Mother Bernadette Mary'''. Agus í ar an [[The Late Late Show (RTÉ)|Late Late Show]] ar RTÉ ag deireadh na 1990í, dúirt Sinéad O'Connor gur mhian léi a bheith ina sagart [[Eaglais Chaitliceach Rómhánach|Caitliceach]] ach amháin nach raibh cead aici.<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.rte.ie/archives/2019/0329/1039381-female-priest-sinead-oconnor/|teideal=Female Priest Sinéad O'Connor|údar=Late LateShow|dáta=1999|language=en|work=RTÉ Archives|dátarochtana=2023-08-16}}</ref> Ach oirníodh ina sagart í le grúpa Caitliceach neamhspleách agus thug sí an t-ainm Mother Bernadette Mary uirthi féin.<ref name=":0" /> * '''Cráifeachas'''. Cé nár aontaigh Sinéad O'Connor leis an easpa sonais a bhí sa chreideamh Caitliceach, ní raibh sí chomh diúltach sin faoi mar go ndeachaigh sí chun na Fraince le bheith oirnithe ina sagart. Ba Mhoslamach í ag an am a fuair sí bás. Chaith sí na blianta ag déanamh staidéar ar an diagacht agus bhí an-chuid eolais aici faoi. * Sa bhliain 1990 d’fhógair sí nach mbeadh sí sásta ceol i Meiriceá dá gcasfaí amhrán náisiúnta Mheiriceá roimh cheann dá cuid ceolchoirmeacha ansin. === Saol casta === Thug Sinéad aghaidh ar ábhair nach raibh daoine eile sásta nó cróga go leor aghaidh a thabhairt orthu agus bhí impleachtaí diúltacha agus dearfacha aige sin uirthi. Léirigh sí neart thar na beartaibh ach go háirithe agus í ag streachailt le galar intinne,<ref name=":1" /> Bhí Sinéad pósta roinnt babhtaí agus bhí ceathrar clainne uirthi. Rinne [[Ioslamachas|Ioslamaí]] de O’Connor in 2018 agus d’athraigh sí a hainm go Shuhada' Sadaqat, ach choinnigh léi mar cheoltóir faoina hainm breithe. === Tragóid === Bhí Sinéad ag streachailt le fadhbanna meabhairshláinte le fada. Sa bhliain 2015, bhí coirmeacha ceoil ar fud mhór-roinn na hEorpa curtha ar ceal aici ar chomhairle dochtúra.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Seónna ar ceal ag Sinéad O'Connor spíonta|url=https://www.rte.ie/news/nuacht/2015/0722/716391-seo/|date=2015-07-22|language=ga-IE|author=Nuacht RTÉ}}</ref> Cailleadh duine den chlann, a mac Shane, go tragóideach sa bhliain 2022, chuir an t-ógánach (17) [[lámh ina bhás féin]].<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-12341453/Sinead-OConnors-heartbreaking-final-video-Stars-emotional-clip-toll-teenage-sons-suicide-took-posted-days-died-aged-56.html|teideal=Sinead O'Connor's clip about son's suicide posted days before death|údar=Katherine Lawton|dáta=2023-07-26|work=Mail Online|dátarochtana=2023-07-26}}</ref> An ceoltóir [[Donal Lunny]] ab ea a athair.<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/music/news/sinead-oconnor-shane-father-donal-lunny-b1989823.html|teideal=Sinead O’Connor sends moving message to son Shane’s father|dáta=2022-01-10|language=en|work=The Independent|dátarochtana=2023-07-26}}</ref> Thángthas ar chorp Shinéad O’Connor ina hárasán i Londain ar 26 Iúil 2023, in aois a sé bliana déag agus dhá scór.<ref name="IT" /><ref name="RTÉ" /> Fuair sí "bás le hadhairt", a dúirt an cróinéir ar an 9 Eanáir 2024, ach níor thug sé na sonraí beachta amach.<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.irishstar.com/culture/entertainment/sinad-oconnors-cause-death-confirmed-31841954|teideal=Sinéad O'Connor's cause of death confirmed by coroner after autopsy|údar=Fionnuala Boyle|dáta=2024-01-09|language=en|work=Irish Star|dátarochtana=2024-03-03}}</ref> Ar 8 Lúnasa, bhailigh na mílte daoine ar shráideanna Bhré, Contae Chill Mhantáin, chun Sinéad a chaoineadh. Tháinig an tsochraid fríd an bhaile tar éis seirbhís phríobháideach, a rinne Ard-Iomám Ionad Ioslamach na hÉireann, an Dr Umar Al-Qadri.<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://podcasts.apple.com/ca/podcast/12-l%C3%BAnasa-2023-d%C3%BAn-na-ngall/id1525428808?i=1000624240843|teideal=‎Nuacht Mhall: (Dún na nGall)|údar=Conradh na Gaeilge Londain|dáta=12 Lúnasa 2023|language=ga-IE|work=Apple Podcasts|dátarochtana=2023-08-16}}</ref> Stop an tsochraid lasmuigh den teach a mbíodh Sinéad O’Connor ina cónaí ar feadh 15 bliain.<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://tuairisc.ie/na-milte-cruinnithe-cois-cladaigh-i-mbre-le-slan-a-fhagail-le-sinead-oconnor/|teideal=Na mílte cruinnithe cois cladaigh i mBré le slán a fhágáil le Sinéad O’Connor|dáta=2023-08-08|language=ga-IE|work=Tuairisc.ie|dátarochtana=2023-08-16}}</ref> Bhí ceol Bob Marley agus a amhrán ‘Natural Mystic’ le cloisteáil ó veain a bhí ar cheann na sochraide. == Saothar == === Albaim === ==== Albaim Stiúideo ==== * ''[[The Lion and the Cobra]]'' (1987) * ''[[I Do Not Want What I Haven't Got]]'' (1990) * ''[[Am I Not Your Girl?]]'' (1992) * ''[[Universal Mother]]'' (1994) * ''[[Gospel Oak]]'' EP (1997) * ''[[So Far...The Best Of Sinéad O'Connor]]'' (1997) * ''[[Faith and Courage]]'' (2000) * ''[[Sean-Nós Nua]]'' (2002) * ''[[She Who Dwells in the Secret Place of the Most High Shall Abide Under the Shadow of the Almighty]]'' (2003) * ''[[Collaborations]]'' (2005) * ''[[Throw Down Your Arms]]'' (2005) (Bailiúchán dena leagan féin d'amhráin cáiliúla [[reggae]]) * ''[[Theology]] (2007) * ''[[How About I Be Me (And You Be You)?]]'' (2012) * ''[[I'm Not Bossy, I'm the Boss]]'' (2014) ==== Albaim Díolama ==== * ''[[So Far... The Best of Sinéad O'Connor]]'' (1997) * ''[[Sinéad O'Connor (Best Of)]]'' (2000 * ''[[She Who Dwells in the Secret Place of the Most High Shall Abide Under the Shadow of the Almighty]]'' (2003) * ''Collaborations'' (2005) * ''Essential'' (2005) ==== Albaim Beo ==== * ''[[Live at the Sugar Club]]'' (2008) ==== SLí ==== * ''[[Gospel Oak EP]]'' (1997) === Singlí === * "Troy" (1987) * "Drink Before the War" (1987) * "Mandinka" (1987) * "I Want Your (Hands on Me)" le [[MC Lyte]] (1988) * "Jerusalem" (1988) * "Jump in the River" (1989) * "Nothing Compares 2 U" (1990) * "The Emperor's New Clothes" (1990) * "Three Babies" (1990) * "I Am Stretched on Your Grave" (1990) * "My Special Child" (1991) * "Silent Night" (1991) * "Success Has Made a Failure of our Home" (1992) * "Don't Cry For Me, Argentina" (1992) * "You Made Me the Thief of Your Heart" le [[Gavin Friday]] (1994) * "Thank You For Hearing Me" (1994) * "Fire on Babylon" (1994) * "Famine"/"All Apologies" (1995) * "This is to Mother You" (1997) * "This is a Rebel Song" (1997) * "Chiquitita" (1998) * "No Man's Woman" (2000) * "Jealous" (2000) * "Troy (The Phoenix From the Flame)" (2002) * "[[Oró Sé do Bheatha 'Bhaile]]" (2002) * "My Lagan Love" (2002) * "A Hundred Thousand Angels" (2003) * "Marcus Garvey" (2005) * "Throw Down Your Arms" (2005) * "I Don't Know How to Love Him" (2007) * "We People (Who Are Darker Than Blue)" (2007) * "The Wolf is Getting Married" (2012) * "4th and Vine" (2013) * "Old Lady" (2013) * "Take Me To Church" (2014) * "8 Good Reasons" (2014) == Naisc sheachtracha == * [http://www.sinead-oconnor.com Suíomh oifigiúil] * Celochoirm ''Sinéad O’Connor – Live at Vicar Stree''t ar RTÉ: taifeadadh beo in [[Vicar Street]] sa bhliain 2002, bhí banna ceoil Shinéid in éineacht léi don léiriú seo. Chas sí na hamhráin aitheanta Molly Malone, My Lagan Love, Nothing Compares 2 U agus Fire On Babylon ar an gclár.<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://about.rte.ie/ie/2023/07/27/rte-le-homos-a-thabhairt-do-shaol-shinead-oconnor-ar-an-teilifis-ar-an-raidio-agus-ar-line/|teideal=RTÉ le hómós a thabhairt do shaol Shinéad O’Connor ar an Teilifís, ar an Raidió agus ar Líne – About RTÉ|work=about.rte.ie|dátarochtana=2023-08-16}}</ref> * ''The Meaning of Life'' le Gay Byrne (2009). '''L'''abhair Sinéad O’Connor faoin tionchar a bhí ag an tógáil chráifeach a bhí aici ar a saol agus faoi theacht chun cinn a cuid spioradáltachta féin.<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.rte.ie/player/series/the-meaning-of-life-with-gay-byrne/SI0000001819?epguid=IH000239885|teideal=Meaning of Life|údar=Gay Byrne|dáta=2009|dátarochtana=2023}}</ref> * ''For One Night Only'' (2012) ar RTÉ. Ar an gclár seo thug Sinéad O’Connor Gay Byrne ar aistear ceoil a chuimsigh a gairm bheatha éagsúil. Labhair sí go hoscailte faoin gcaoi a raibh sí ag streachailt le dúlagar, lena creideamh, faoin áit ónár eascair a grá don cheol, faoina caidreamh lena máthair, faoin trioblóid a tarraingíodh uirthi mar gheall nach raibh faitíos uirthi labhairt amach srl.<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.rte.ie/player/series/for-one-night-only/SI0000000612?epguid=IH000279899|teideal=For One Night Only|údar=RTÉ Player|dáta=2012|dátarochtana=2023}}</ref> == Tagairtí == {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:O'Connor, Sinéad]}} [[Catagóir:Ceoltóirí Éireannacha]] [[Catagóir:Básanna in 2023]] [[Catagóir:Daoine as Baile Átha Cliath]] [[Catagóir:Daoine a rugadh i 1966]] [[Catagóir:Amhránaithe Éireannacha]] [[Catagóir:Mná déghnéasacha‎]] [[Catagóir:Mná Éireannacha]] [[Catagóir:Amhránaithe Gaeilge]] [[Catagóir:Sagairt]] [[Catagóir:Moslamaigh]] 4k5vpa0kchknq46igqf7kmzccdod1qb 1321710 1321709 2026-07-26T14:42:17Z TGcoa 21229 /* Ceol */ 1321710 wikitext text/x-wiki {{WD Bosca Sonraí Duine}} Amhránaí agus cumadóir [[Éire]]annach ba ea '''Sinéad Marie Bernadette O'Connor''' ([[8 Nollaig]] [[1966]] – [[26 Iúil]] [[2023]])<ref name="IT">{{Lua idirlín|teideal=Sinéad O’Connor, acclaimed Dublin singer, dies aged 56 |url=https://www.irishtimes.com/culture/music/2023/07/26/sinead-oconnor-acclaimed-dublin-singer-dies-aged-56/|Dáta=26 Iúil 2023|Dátarochtana=26 Iúil 2023|foilsitheoir=[[The Irish Times]]}}</ref> a raibh meas tuillte aici timpeall an domhain mar gheall ar a cumas ceoil ó na [[1980idí]] ar aghaidh. Ba bhean í a raibh an-tóir ar fud an domhain ar a cuid ceoil.<ref name="RTÉ">{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.rte.ie/news/nuacht/2023/0726/1396684-an-t-amhranai-sinead-oconnor-tar-eis-bhais/|teideal=An t-amhránaí Sinéad O'Connor tar éis bháis|údar=Nuacht RTÉ|dáta=26 Iúil 2023|foilsitheoir=[[RTÉ]]|dátarochtana=26 Iúil 2023|Dáta=26 Iúil 2023|Dátarochtana=26 Iúil 2023}}</ref> Bhí aithne uirthi chomh maith mar gheall ar a ceann bearrtha, a háilleacht is a cuid tuairimí conspóideacha. Ag aois an-óg a d'aimsigh Sinéad an spotsolas agus d'úsáid sí an aird le solas a chaitheamh ní hamháin ar a cuid ceoil ach ar go leor eile ar nós an tslí ar caitheadh le mná in Éirinn chomh maith le [[mí-úsáid ghnéis]], teifigh, [[ciníochas]], an tabú a bhain leis an ngalar [[SEIF]] agus neart eile.<ref name=":1">{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Fís nua do mhná na tíre seo: Oidhreacht Shinéad O' Connor|url=https://www.rte.ie/gaeilge/2023/0728/1397097-fis-nua-do-mhna-na-tire-seo-oidhreacht-shinead-o-connor/|date=2023-07-28|language=ga-IE|author=Raidió na Gaeltachta / Philip King}}</ref> Ach is as feabhas a cuid ceoil agus as a guth binn mín is fearr agus is faide a bheidh cuimhne ar Shinéad.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.rte.ie/search/query/Sin%C3%A9ad%20O%27Connor/|teideal=Searching for "Sinéad O'Connor" {{!}} RTE.ie|language=en|work=www.rte.ie|dátarochtana=2023-08-16}}</ref><ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.rte.ie/culture/sinead-oconnor/|teideal=Sinéad O'Connor celebrated|dáta=2023-07-26|language=en|work=RTE.ie|dátarochtana=2023-08-16}}</ref><ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.rte.ie/archives/profiles/oconnor-sinead/|teideal=RTÉ Archives {{!}} Sinéad O'Connor|work=www.rte.ie|dátarochtana=2023-08-16}}</ref> [[Íomhá:Sinead O'Connor 1987.jpg|clé|mion|175x175px|Sinead O'Connor 1987]] [[Íomhá:Sinead O'Connor 1988.jpg|clé|mion|1988]] == Ceol == Ba léir go raibh dúchas láidir ceoil inti go hóg ina saol. Agus Sinéad ar an mheánscoil, spreag a múinteoir Gaeilge í le ceithre hamhrán a thaifeadadh – dhá cheann a chum sí féin ina measc. Uaidh sin, thuill sí clú agus cáil as a cuid ceoil ní amháin mar amhránaí ach mar léiritheoir ceoil chomh maith.<ref name=":0">{{Lua idirlín|url=https://ccea.org.uk/downloads/docs/ccea-asset-im/Resource/Sin%C3%A9ad%20O%26%23039%3BConnor.pdf|teideal=Beatha le bua|údar=CEA / ccea.org.uk|dátarochtana=2023|archivedate=2024-06-19|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240619011337/https://ccea.org.uk/downloads/docs/ccea-asset-im/Resource/Sin%C3%A9ad%20O%26%23039%3BConnor.pdf}}</ref> Leoga, agus gan í ach fiche bliain d’aois, léirigh sí a céad albam ''The Lion and the Cobra''. Is léiriú ceart é ‘Troy’, an chéad singil a roghnaíodh as an albam sin, ar an drochbhail a tugadh uirthi le linn a hóige.<ref name=":2">{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.meoneile.ie/anailis/sinead-o-connor-phleasc-a-solas-frid-na-scamaill|teideal=Sinéad O’Connor - phléasc a solas fríd na scamaill < Meon Eile|údar=Michelle Nic Pháidín|dáta=31 Iúil 2023|language=ga-IE|work=www.meoneile.ie|dátarochtana=2024-03-03}}</ref> Bhain sí clú agus cáil amach a chéaduair leis an amhrán Mandinka i 1987 ón albam sin. D’éirigh go maith leis seo agus le halbaim eile a d’eisigh sí ina dhiaidh sin (féach uirthi in 1989 ar an [[The Late Late Show (RTÉ)|Late Late]]).<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.rte.ie/archives/2019/0203/1026732-sinead-oconnor-a-capella/|teideal="I am stretched on your grave"|údar=Sinéad O'Connor A Cappella|dáta=1989|language=en|work=RTÉ Archives|dátarochtana=2023-08-16}}</ref> Bhain an t-amhránaí clú idirnáisiúnta amach lena dara halbam, ''I Do Not Want What I Haven’t Got'', a seoladh in 1990 agus ar a raibh an leagan uathúil sin de ''Nothing Compares to U'' (amhrán de chuid [[Prince]]),<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title='Nothing Compares 2 U' {{!}} The Late Late Show {{!}} RTÉ One|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5KuGUP-C9Ko|language=en|author=Shuhada' Sadaqa|date=2019}}</ref> an t-amhrán is mó a tharraing aitheantas uirthi. Is ar a máthair a bhíodh sí ag smaoineamh agus í á cheol, a dúirt sí (maraíodh a máthair go tobann i dtimpiste bóthair in 1985). Is cinnte gur sin an chúis ar chaoin sí nuair a bhí siad ag scannánú an amhráin (blianta ina dhiaidh sin, dúirt sí gurbh iad a deora a tharraing daoine chuici ach nuair a bhí sí ag streachailt i ndáiríre is beag aird a bhí ag daoine uirthi).<ref name=":2" /> Bhí bua ar leith ag Sinéad maidir le liricí nach gcuireann aon fhiacail ann a chumadh.<ref>Sampla den scoth é curfá ‘The Value of Ignorance’: "All those nights with my arse in your face and your words in my dreams. Now I know what the value of ignorance means"</ref><ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://tuairisc.ie/sinead-oconnor-udar-splancfhicsin/|teideal=Sinéad O’Connor, údar splancfhicsin|údar=Alex Hijmans|dáta=10 Márta 2018|language=ga-IE|work=Tuairisc.ie|dátarochtana=2023-07-26}}</ref> Thaifead Sinéad deich n-albam stiúideo ar fad lena linn. Bhí sí ábalta aon chineál ceoil a chasadh – [[reggae]], pop, traidisiúnta, agus roc...<ref name=":0" /> [[Íomhá:Gualtieri Sicaminò - Chiesa di Santa Maria Annunziata - 2023-09-01 10-45-57 011.JPG|clé|mion|cuma timpeall 1993, "Chiesa di Santa Maria Annunziata" san Iodáil|293x293px]] === Gaeilge === Cé gur i mBéarla atá na hamhráin is mó cáil a chan Sinéad O’Connor, bhí dáimh ar leith aici leis an nGaeilge freisin.<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://nos.ie/cultur/ceol/na-hamhrain-ghaeilge-a-chan-sinead-oconnor/|teideal=Na hamhráin Ghaeilge a chan Sinéad O'Connor|údar=NÓS|dáta=2023-07-29|language=ga-IE|dátarochtana=2023-08-16|archivedate=2023-10-04|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20231004075739/https://nos.ie/cultur/ceol/na-hamhrain-ghaeilge-a-chan-sinead-oconnor/}}</ref> In 2002 d’eisigh Sinéad albam dar teideal ''Sean-Nós Nua'' ar a bhfuil dhá amhrán as Gaeilge mar atá [[Báidín Fheilimí]] agus [[Oró Sé do Bheatha 'Bhaile]]. Rinne sí seo le ‘claochlú, bás agus athbhreith an chultúir Ghaelaigh’ a léiriú, dar léi.<ref name=":0" /> Léirigh a fear céile ag an am, [[Donal Lunny]], cuid dá halbam ''Sean Nós Nua.''<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=http://www.beo.ie/alt-donal-lunny.aspx|teideal=Donal Lunny|údar=Éamonn Ó Dónaill|dáta=2002|language=ga-IE|work=Beo!|dátarochtana=2023-07-26}}</ref>Chomh maith leis sin, bhí ‘[[Mná na hÉireann]]’ agus ‘[[Róisín Dubh]]’ i measc na n-amhrán a bhí aici agus ar an gcéad albam uaithi, ''The Lion and the Cobra'', tá an t-amhránaí clúiteach [[Enya]] le cloisteáil ag rá Salm 91 ar an traic ‘Never Get Old’.[[Íomhá:Sinéad O’Connor (cropped).jpg|clé|mion|2008|253x253px]] == Beatha == Rugadh Sinéad O'Connor ar an 8ú lá de mhí na Nollag 1966 - lá Mhuire gan Smál<ref>Ba dheas mar sin gurbh í a bhí i ról na Maighdine Muire sa scannán The Butcher Boy.</ref> - i m[[Baile Átha Cliath]]. I n[[Gleann na gCaorach]] i ndeisceart an chontae a tógadh í. Bhí cúigear sa chlann. Ba í a máthair mhór Kitty O’Grady a bhí ina máthair bhaistí aici agus bhí dáimh láidir idir an bheirt bhan - is deas na cuimhní a bhí ag Sinéad ar bheith istigh i dteach Kitty ina hóige. Bhí saol beag corrach aici ina hóige agus saol crua aici ó mhí-úsáid ghnéis. Scar a tuismitheoirí nuair a bhí sí ocht mbliana d’aois agus bhí sí i dtrioblóid anois is arís ina dhiaidh sin. Mhaigh sí gur bhuail an mháthair í, gur fhulaing sí mí-úsáid ghnéis agus gur tógadh i dteach an uafáis í. B’iomaí sin uair, a dúirt Sinéad, gur thug a máthair drochbhail uirthi. Dúirt sí gur fhág a máthair ar feadh coicíse sa ghairdín í agus gan í ábalta dul isteach sa teach le titim na hoíche - is mar gheall air seo a bhí fuath aici ar an chlapsholas agus í ina duine fásta.<ref name=":2" /> Chuaigh sí le cónaí lena hathair nuair a bhí sí 10 mbliana d’aois. Ag an am seo, bhíodh Sinéad ag goid ó shiopaí. De bharr í a bheith ag goid, cuireadh isteach in ionad ceartúcháin an Ghrianáin í<ref>An "Grianán Training Centre "  i mBÁC agus Order of Our Lady of Charity i mbun</ref> nuair a bhí sí 15 bliain d'aois ar feadh 18 mhí.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Magdalene Laundries in Ireland|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Magdalene_Laundries_in_Ireland&oldid=1164315349|journal=Wikipedia|date=2023-07-08|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=agallamh|url=https://books.google.fr/books?id=GJ2P1hu6nToC&pg=PA54&dq=%22such+panic+and+terror+and+agony%22&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=%22such%20panic%20and%20terror%20and%20agony%22&f=false|publisher=|date=1990-04|language=en|author=SPIN Media LLC|journal="if you were bad, they sent you upstairs to sleep in the old folks' home. You're in there in the pitch black, you can smell the shit and the puke and everything, and these old women are moaning in their sleep ... I have never—and probably will never—experience such panic and terror and agony over anything."}}</ref> Bhíodh an t-ionad seo ina [[Árais máithreacha agus naíonán agus tithe Maigdiléana in Éirinn|neachtlann Magdalene]] lá den tsaol agus cé gur dhúirt Sinéad go raibh na mná rialta tíoránta uaireanta, is anseo a tugadh a céad ghiotár dí, rud a spreag í le dul i mbun gairme a chuirfeadh í ar stáitse an domhain. Ní raibh fuath aici ar a máthair áfach agus briseadh a croí nuair a maraíodh a máthair i dtimpiste bóthair in 1985.<ref name=":2" /> [[Íomhá:Sinéad O'Connor (9781906584) (cropped).jpg|clé|mion|Ramsbottom Music Festival, 2013.|327x327px]][[Íomhá:Under a Purple Star (16716732879) (cropped).jpg|clé|mion|timpeall 2015|293x293px]] === Gníomhaí === [[Íomhá:Photo - Festival de Cornouaille 2014 - Sinéad O’Connor en concert le 26 juillet - 015.jpg|clé|mion|2014|330x330px]]Bhí clú agus cáil uirthi mar ghníomhaí agus reibiliúnach. Bean dheisbhéalach ab ea Sinéad a labhair amach faoi ábhair éagsúla.<ref name="RTÉ" /> Thug Sinéad aghaidh ar ábhair nach raibh daoine eile sásta nó cróga go leor aghaidh a thabhairt orthu. Ní raibh aon chur i gcéill i gceist le Sinéad, ar eagla nach ndíolfaí a cuid ceoil.<ref name=":1" /> Ba chuimhin léi i dtús ama lucht bainistíochta ag iarraidh uirthi a cuid gruaige a fhás, smideadh a chur uirthi agus sciortaí gairide a chaitheamh, ach níor bhac sí leo.<ref name=":2" /> Ach bhí impleachtaí diúltacha agus dearfacha aige sin uirthi. * '''''Saturday Night Live'''.'' Labhair sí amach in aghaidh mí-úsáide san Eaglais Chaitliceach in Éirinn sna 1980/1990dí, agus labhair sí amach roimh daoine eile. Mar shampla, ar 3 D.F. 1993, agus amhrán dar teideal “War” á cheol aici i Meiriceá ar an chlár ''[[Saturday Night Live]]'', stróic sí grianghraf den [[Pápa Eoin Pól II|Phápa Eoin Pól II]]. Dúirt sí gur mar gheall ar an mhí-úsáid ghnéis a bhí ar siúl san Eaglais a rinne sí é. Tharraing an gníomh droch-chlú uirthi ach tá go leor a rá le laethanta anuas go raibh sí chun tosaigh ar lucht a linne fadbheathnaitheach. * '''Mother Bernadette Mary'''. Agus í ar an [[The Late Late Show (RTÉ)|Late Late Show]] ar RTÉ ag deireadh na 1990í, dúirt Sinéad O'Connor gur mhian léi a bheith ina sagart [[Eaglais Chaitliceach Rómhánach|Caitliceach]] ach amháin nach raibh cead aici.<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.rte.ie/archives/2019/0329/1039381-female-priest-sinead-oconnor/|teideal=Female Priest Sinéad O'Connor|údar=Late LateShow|dáta=1999|language=en|work=RTÉ Archives|dátarochtana=2023-08-16}}</ref> Ach oirníodh ina sagart í le grúpa Caitliceach neamhspleách agus thug sí an t-ainm Mother Bernadette Mary uirthi féin.<ref name=":0" /> * '''Cráifeachas'''. Cé nár aontaigh Sinéad O'Connor leis an easpa sonais a bhí sa chreideamh Caitliceach, ní raibh sí chomh diúltach sin faoi mar go ndeachaigh sí chun na Fraince le bheith oirnithe ina sagart. Ba Mhoslamach í ag an am a fuair sí bás. Chaith sí na blianta ag déanamh staidéar ar an diagacht agus bhí an-chuid eolais aici faoi. * Sa bhliain 1990 d’fhógair sí nach mbeadh sí sásta ceol i Meiriceá dá gcasfaí amhrán náisiúnta Mheiriceá roimh cheann dá cuid ceolchoirmeacha ansin. === Saol casta === Thug Sinéad aghaidh ar ábhair nach raibh daoine eile sásta nó cróga go leor aghaidh a thabhairt orthu agus bhí impleachtaí diúltacha agus dearfacha aige sin uirthi. Léirigh sí neart thar na beartaibh ach go háirithe agus í ag streachailt le galar intinne,<ref name=":1" /> Bhí Sinéad pósta roinnt babhtaí agus bhí ceathrar clainne uirthi. Rinne [[Ioslamachas|Ioslamaí]] de O’Connor in 2018 agus d’athraigh sí a hainm go Shuhada' Sadaqat, ach choinnigh léi mar cheoltóir faoina hainm breithe. === Tragóid === Bhí Sinéad ag streachailt le fadhbanna meabhairshláinte le fada. Sa bhliain 2015, bhí coirmeacha ceoil ar fud mhór-roinn na hEorpa curtha ar ceal aici ar chomhairle dochtúra.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Seónna ar ceal ag Sinéad O'Connor spíonta|url=https://www.rte.ie/news/nuacht/2015/0722/716391-seo/|date=2015-07-22|language=ga-IE|author=Nuacht RTÉ}}</ref> Cailleadh duine den chlann, a mac Shane, go tragóideach sa bhliain 2022, chuir an t-ógánach (17) [[lámh ina bhás féin]].<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-12341453/Sinead-OConnors-heartbreaking-final-video-Stars-emotional-clip-toll-teenage-sons-suicide-took-posted-days-died-aged-56.html|teideal=Sinead O'Connor's clip about son's suicide posted days before death|údar=Katherine Lawton|dáta=2023-07-26|work=Mail Online|dátarochtana=2023-07-26}}</ref> An ceoltóir [[Donal Lunny]] ab ea a athair.<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/music/news/sinead-oconnor-shane-father-donal-lunny-b1989823.html|teideal=Sinead O’Connor sends moving message to son Shane’s father|dáta=2022-01-10|language=en|work=The Independent|dátarochtana=2023-07-26}}</ref> Thángthas ar chorp Shinéad O’Connor ina hárasán i Londain ar 26 Iúil 2023, in aois a sé bliana déag agus dhá scór.<ref name="IT" /><ref name="RTÉ" /> Fuair sí "bás le hadhairt", a dúirt an cróinéir ar an 9 Eanáir 2024, ach níor thug sé na sonraí beachta amach.<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.irishstar.com/culture/entertainment/sinad-oconnors-cause-death-confirmed-31841954|teideal=Sinéad O'Connor's cause of death confirmed by coroner after autopsy|údar=Fionnuala Boyle|dáta=2024-01-09|language=en|work=Irish Star|dátarochtana=2024-03-03}}</ref> Ar 8 Lúnasa, bhailigh na mílte daoine ar shráideanna Bhré, Contae Chill Mhantáin, chun Sinéad a chaoineadh. Tháinig an tsochraid fríd an bhaile tar éis seirbhís phríobháideach, a rinne Ard-Iomám Ionad Ioslamach na hÉireann, an Dr Umar Al-Qadri.<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://podcasts.apple.com/ca/podcast/12-l%C3%BAnasa-2023-d%C3%BAn-na-ngall/id1525428808?i=1000624240843|teideal=‎Nuacht Mhall: (Dún na nGall)|údar=Conradh na Gaeilge Londain|dáta=12 Lúnasa 2023|language=ga-IE|work=Apple Podcasts|dátarochtana=2023-08-16}}</ref> Stop an tsochraid lasmuigh den teach a mbíodh Sinéad O’Connor ina cónaí ar feadh 15 bliain.<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://tuairisc.ie/na-milte-cruinnithe-cois-cladaigh-i-mbre-le-slan-a-fhagail-le-sinead-oconnor/|teideal=Na mílte cruinnithe cois cladaigh i mBré le slán a fhágáil le Sinéad O’Connor|dáta=2023-08-08|language=ga-IE|work=Tuairisc.ie|dátarochtana=2023-08-16}}</ref> Bhí ceol Bob Marley agus a amhrán ‘Natural Mystic’ le cloisteáil ó veain a bhí ar cheann na sochraide. == Saothar == === Albaim === ==== Albaim Stiúideo ==== * ''[[The Lion and the Cobra]]'' (1987) * ''[[I Do Not Want What I Haven't Got]]'' (1990) * ''[[Am I Not Your Girl?]]'' (1992) * ''[[Universal Mother]]'' (1994) * ''[[Gospel Oak]]'' EP (1997) * ''[[So Far...The Best Of Sinéad O'Connor]]'' (1997) * ''[[Faith and Courage]]'' (2000) * ''[[Sean-Nós Nua]]'' (2002) * ''[[She Who Dwells in the Secret Place of the Most High Shall Abide Under the Shadow of the Almighty]]'' (2003) * ''[[Collaborations]]'' (2005) * ''[[Throw Down Your Arms]]'' (2005) (Bailiúchán dena leagan féin d'amhráin cáiliúla [[reggae]]) * ''[[Theology]] (2007) * ''[[How About I Be Me (And You Be You)?]]'' (2012) * ''[[I'm Not Bossy, I'm the Boss]]'' (2014) ==== Albaim Díolama ==== * ''[[So Far... The Best of Sinéad O'Connor]]'' (1997) * ''[[Sinéad O'Connor (Best Of)]]'' (2000 * ''[[She Who Dwells in the Secret Place of the Most High Shall Abide Under the Shadow of the Almighty]]'' (2003) * ''Collaborations'' (2005) * ''Essential'' (2005) ==== Albaim Beo ==== * ''[[Live at the Sugar Club]]'' (2008) ==== SLí ==== * ''[[Gospel Oak EP]]'' (1997) === Singlí === * "Troy" (1987) * "Drink Before the War" (1987) * "Mandinka" (1987) * "I Want Your (Hands on Me)" le [[MC Lyte]] (1988) * "Jerusalem" (1988) * "Jump in the River" (1989) * "Nothing Compares 2 U" (1990) * "The Emperor's New Clothes" (1990) * "Three Babies" (1990) * "I Am Stretched on Your Grave" (1990) * "My Special Child" (1991) * "Silent Night" (1991) * "Success Has Made a Failure of our Home" (1992) * "Don't Cry For Me, Argentina" (1992) * "You Made Me the Thief of Your Heart" le [[Gavin Friday]] (1994) * "Thank You For Hearing Me" (1994) * "Fire on Babylon" (1994) * "Famine"/"All Apologies" (1995) * "This is to Mother You" (1997) * "This is a Rebel Song" (1997) * "Chiquitita" (1998) * "No Man's Woman" (2000) * "Jealous" (2000) * "Troy (The Phoenix From the Flame)" (2002) * "[[Oró Sé do Bheatha 'Bhaile]]" (2002) * "My Lagan Love" (2002) * "A Hundred Thousand Angels" (2003) * "Marcus Garvey" (2005) * "Throw Down Your Arms" (2005) * "I Don't Know How to Love Him" (2007) * "We People (Who Are Darker Than Blue)" (2007) * "The Wolf is Getting Married" (2012) * "4th and Vine" (2013) * "Old Lady" (2013) * "Take Me To Church" (2014) * "8 Good Reasons" (2014) == Naisc sheachtracha == * [http://www.sinead-oconnor.com Suíomh oifigiúil] * Celochoirm ''Sinéad O’Connor – Live at Vicar Stree''t ar RTÉ: taifeadadh beo in [[Vicar Street]] sa bhliain 2002, bhí banna ceoil Shinéid in éineacht léi don léiriú seo. Chas sí na hamhráin aitheanta Molly Malone, My Lagan Love, Nothing Compares 2 U agus Fire On Babylon ar an gclár.<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://about.rte.ie/ie/2023/07/27/rte-le-homos-a-thabhairt-do-shaol-shinead-oconnor-ar-an-teilifis-ar-an-raidio-agus-ar-line/|teideal=RTÉ le hómós a thabhairt do shaol Shinéad O’Connor ar an Teilifís, ar an Raidió agus ar Líne – About RTÉ|work=about.rte.ie|dátarochtana=2023-08-16}}</ref> * ''The Meaning of Life'' le Gay Byrne (2009). '''L'''abhair Sinéad O’Connor faoin tionchar a bhí ag an tógáil chráifeach a bhí aici ar a saol agus faoi theacht chun cinn a cuid spioradáltachta féin.<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.rte.ie/player/series/the-meaning-of-life-with-gay-byrne/SI0000001819?epguid=IH000239885|teideal=Meaning of Life|údar=Gay Byrne|dáta=2009|dátarochtana=2023}}</ref> * ''For One Night Only'' (2012) ar RTÉ. Ar an gclár seo thug Sinéad O’Connor Gay Byrne ar aistear ceoil a chuimsigh a gairm bheatha éagsúil. Labhair sí go hoscailte faoin gcaoi a raibh sí ag streachailt le dúlagar, lena creideamh, faoin áit ónár eascair a grá don cheol, faoina caidreamh lena máthair, faoin trioblóid a tarraingíodh uirthi mar gheall nach raibh faitíos uirthi labhairt amach srl.<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.rte.ie/player/series/for-one-night-only/SI0000000612?epguid=IH000279899|teideal=For One Night Only|údar=RTÉ Player|dáta=2012|dátarochtana=2023}}</ref> == Tagairtí == {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:O'Connor, Sinéad]}} [[Catagóir:Ceoltóirí Éireannacha]] [[Catagóir:Básanna in 2023]] [[Catagóir:Daoine as Baile Átha Cliath]] [[Catagóir:Daoine a rugadh i 1966]] [[Catagóir:Amhránaithe Éireannacha]] [[Catagóir:Mná déghnéasacha‎]] [[Catagóir:Mná Éireannacha]] [[Catagóir:Amhránaithe Gaeilge]] [[Catagóir:Sagairt]] [[Catagóir:Moslamaigh]] e8wnfod74tad7bf600osb0x203v90vp 1321712 1321710 2026-07-26T14:50:41Z TGcoa 21229 1321712 wikitext text/x-wiki {{WD Bosca Sonraí Duine}} Amhránaí agus cumadóir [[Éire]]annach ba ea '''Sinéad Marie Bernadette O'Connor''' ([[8 Nollaig]] [[1966]] – [[26 Iúil]] [[2023]])<ref name="IT">{{Lua idirlín|teideal=Sinéad O’Connor, acclaimed Dublin singer, dies aged 56 |url=https://www.irishtimes.com/culture/music/2023/07/26/sinead-oconnor-acclaimed-dublin-singer-dies-aged-56/|Dáta=26 Iúil 2023|Dátarochtana=26 Iúil 2023|foilsitheoir=[[The Irish Times]]}}</ref> a raibh meas tuillte aici timpeall an domhain mar gheall ar a cumas ceoil ó na [[1980idí]] ar aghaidh. Ba bhean í a raibh an-tóir ar fud an domhain ar a cuid ceoil.<ref name="RTÉ">{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.rte.ie/news/nuacht/2023/0726/1396684-an-t-amhranai-sinead-oconnor-tar-eis-bhais/|teideal=An t-amhránaí Sinéad O'Connor tar éis bháis|údar=Nuacht RTÉ|dáta=26 Iúil 2023|foilsitheoir=[[RTÉ]]|dátarochtana=26 Iúil 2023|Dáta=26 Iúil 2023|Dátarochtana=26 Iúil 2023}}</ref> Bhí aithne uirthi chomh maith mar gheall ar a ceann bearrtha, a háilleacht is a cuid tuairimí conspóideacha. Ag aois an-óg a d'aimsigh Sinéad an spotsolas agus d'úsáid sí an aird le solas a chaitheamh ní hamháin ar a cuid ceoil ach ar go leor eile ar nós an tslí ar caitheadh le mná in Éirinn chomh maith le [[mí-úsáid ghnéis]], teifigh, [[ciníochas]], an tabú a bhain leis an ngalar [[SEIF]] agus neart eile.<ref name=":1">{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Fís nua do mhná na tíre seo: Oidhreacht Shinéad O' Connor|url=https://www.rte.ie/gaeilge/2023/0728/1397097-fis-nua-do-mhna-na-tire-seo-oidhreacht-shinead-o-connor/|date=2023-07-28|language=ga-IE|author=Raidió na Gaeltachta / Philip King}}</ref> Ach is as feabhas a cuid ceoil agus as a guth binn mín is fearr agus is faide a bheidh cuimhne ar Shinéad.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.rte.ie/search/query/Sin%C3%A9ad%20O%27Connor/|teideal=Searching for "Sinéad O'Connor" {{!}} RTE.ie|language=en|work=www.rte.ie|dátarochtana=2023-08-16}}</ref><ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.rte.ie/culture/sinead-oconnor/|teideal=Sinéad O'Connor celebrated|dáta=2023-07-26|language=en|work=RTE.ie|dátarochtana=2023-08-16}}</ref><ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.rte.ie/archives/profiles/oconnor-sinead/|teideal=RTÉ Archives {{!}} Sinéad O'Connor|work=www.rte.ie|dátarochtana=2023-08-16}}</ref> [[Íomhá:Sinead O'Connor 1987.jpg|clé|mion|175x175px|Sinead O'Connor 1987]] [[Íomhá:Sinead O'Connor 1988.jpg|clé|mion|1988]] == Ceol == Ba léir go raibh dúchas láidir ceoil inti go hóg ina saol. Agus Sinéad ar an mheánscoil, spreag a múinteoir Gaeilge í le ceithre hamhrán a thaifeadadh – dhá cheann a chum sí féin ina measc. Uaidh sin, thuill sí clú agus cáil as a cuid ceoil ní amháin mar amhránaí ach mar léiritheoir ceoil chomh maith.<ref name=":0">{{Lua idirlín|url=https://ccea.org.uk/downloads/docs/ccea-asset-im/Resource/Sin%C3%A9ad%20O%26%23039%3BConnor.pdf|teideal=Beatha le bua|údar=CEA / ccea.org.uk|dátarochtana=2023|archivedate=2024-06-19|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240619011337/https://ccea.org.uk/downloads/docs/ccea-asset-im/Resource/Sin%C3%A9ad%20O%26%23039%3BConnor.pdf}}</ref> Leoga, agus gan í ach fiche bliain d’aois, léirigh sí a céad albam ''The Lion and the Cobra''. Is léiriú ceart é ‘Troy’, an chéad singil a roghnaíodh as an albam sin, ar an drochbhail a tugadh uirthi le linn a hóige.<ref name=":2">{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.meoneile.ie/anailis/sinead-o-connor-phleasc-a-solas-frid-na-scamaill|teideal=Sinéad O’Connor - phléasc a solas fríd na scamaill < Meon Eile|údar=Michelle Nic Pháidín|dáta=31 Iúil 2023|language=ga-IE|work=www.meoneile.ie|dátarochtana=2024-03-03}}</ref> Bhain sí clú agus cáil amach a chéaduair leis an amhrán Mandinka i 1987 ón albam sin. D’éirigh go maith leis seo agus le halbaim eile a d’eisigh sí ina dhiaidh sin (féach uirthi in 1989 ar an [[The Late Late Show (RTÉ)|Late Late]]).<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.rte.ie/archives/2019/0203/1026732-sinead-oconnor-a-capella/|teideal="I am stretched on your grave"|údar=Sinéad O'Connor A Cappella|dáta=1989|language=en|work=RTÉ Archives|dátarochtana=2023-08-16}}</ref> Bhain an t-amhránaí clú idirnáisiúnta amach lena dara halbam, ''I Do Not Want What I Haven’t Got'', a seoladh in 1990 agus ar a raibh an leagan uathúil sin de ''Nothing Compares to U'' (amhrán de chuid [[Prince]]),<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title='Nothing Compares 2 U' {{!}} The Late Late Show {{!}} RTÉ One|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5KuGUP-C9Ko|language=en|author=Shuhada' Sadaqa|date=2019}}</ref> an t-amhrán is mó a tharraing aitheantas uirthi. Is ar a máthair a bhíodh sí ag smaoineamh agus í á cheol, a dúirt sí (maraíodh a máthair go tobann i dtimpiste bóthair in 1985). Is cinnte gur sin an chúis ar chaoin sí nuair a bhí siad ag scannánú an amhráin (blianta ina dhiaidh sin, dúirt sí gurbh iad a deora a tharraing daoine chuici ach nuair a bhí sí ag streachailt i ndáiríre is beag aird a bhí ag daoine uirthi).<ref name=":2" /> Bhí bua ar leith ag Sinéad maidir le liricí nach gcuireann aon fhiacail ann a chumadh.<ref>Sampla den scoth é curfá ‘The Value of Ignorance’: "All those nights with my arse in your face and your words in my dreams. Now I know what the value of ignorance means"</ref><ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://tuairisc.ie/sinead-oconnor-udar-splancfhicsin/|teideal=Sinéad O’Connor, údar splancfhicsin|údar=Alex Hijmans|dáta=10 Márta 2018|language=ga-IE|work=Tuairisc.ie|dátarochtana=2023-07-26}}</ref> Thaifead Sinéad deich n-albam stiúideo ar fad lena linn. Bhí sí ábalta aon chineál ceoil a chasadh – [[reggae]], pop, traidisiúnta, agus roc...<ref name=":0" /> [[Íomhá:Gualtieri Sicaminò - Chiesa di Santa Maria Annunziata - 2023-09-01 10-45-57 011.JPG|clé|mion|cuma timpeall 1993, "Chiesa di Santa Maria Annunziata" san Iodáil|293x293px]] === Gaeilge === Cé gur i mBéarla atá na hamhráin is mó cáil a chan Sinéad O’Connor, bhí dáimh ar leith aici leis an nGaeilge freisin.<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://nos.ie/cultur/ceol/na-hamhrain-ghaeilge-a-chan-sinead-oconnor/|teideal=Na hamhráin Ghaeilge a chan Sinéad O'Connor|údar=NÓS|dáta=2023-07-29|language=ga-IE|dátarochtana=2023-08-16|archivedate=2023-10-04|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20231004075739/https://nos.ie/cultur/ceol/na-hamhrain-ghaeilge-a-chan-sinead-oconnor/}}</ref> In 2002 d’eisigh Sinéad albam dar teideal ''Sean-Nós Nua'' ar a bhfuil dhá amhrán as Gaeilge mar atá [[Báidín Fheilimí]] agus [[Oró Sé do Bheatha 'Bhaile]]. Rinne sí seo le ‘claochlú, bás agus athbhreith an chultúir Ghaelaigh’ a léiriú, dar léi.<ref name=":0" /> Léirigh a fear céile ag an am, [[Donal Lunny]], cuid dá halbam ''Sean Nós Nua.''<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=http://www.beo.ie/alt-donal-lunny.aspx|teideal=Donal Lunny|údar=Éamonn Ó Dónaill|dáta=2002|language=ga-IE|work=Beo!|dátarochtana=2023-07-26}}</ref>Chomh maith leis sin, bhí ‘[[Mná na hÉireann]]’ agus ‘[[Róisín Dubh]]’ i measc na n-amhrán a bhí aici agus ar an gcéad albam uaithi, ''The Lion and the Cobra'', tá an t-amhránaí clúiteach [[Enya]] le cloisteáil ag rá Salm 91 ar an traic ‘Never Get Old’.[[Íomhá:Sinéad O’Connor (cropped).jpg|clé|mion|2008|253x253px]] == Beatha == Rugadh Sinéad O'Connor ar an 8ú lá de mhí na Nollag 1966 - lá Mhuire gan Smál<ref>Ba dheas mar sin gurbh í a bhí i ról na Maighdine Muire sa scannán The Butcher Boy.</ref> - i m[[Baile Átha Cliath]]. I n[[Gleann na gCaorach]] i ndeisceart an chontae a tógadh í. Bhí cúigear sa chlann. Ba í a máthair mhór Kitty O’Grady a bhí ina máthair bhaistí aici agus bhí dáimh láidir idir an bheirt bhan - is deas na cuimhní a bhí ag Sinéad ar bheith istigh i dteach Kitty ina hóige. Bhí saol beag corrach aici ina hóige agus saol crua aici ó mhí-úsáid ghnéis. Scar a tuismitheoirí nuair a bhí sí ocht mbliana d’aois agus bhí sí i dtrioblóid anois is arís ina dhiaidh sin. Mhaigh sí gur bhuail an mháthair í, gur fhulaing sí mí-úsáid ghnéis agus gur tógadh i dteach an uafáis í. B’iomaí sin uair, a dúirt Sinéad, gur thug a máthair drochbhail uirthi. Dúirt sí gur fhág a máthair ar feadh coicíse sa ghairdín í agus gan í ábalta dul isteach sa teach le titim na hoíche - is mar gheall air seo a bhí fuath aici ar an chlapsholas agus í ina duine fásta.<ref name=":2" /> Chuaigh sí le cónaí lena hathair nuair a bhí sí 10 mbliana d’aois. Ag an am seo, bhíodh Sinéad ag goid ó shiopaí. De bharr í a bheith ag goid, cuireadh isteach in ionad ceartúcháin an Ghrianáin í<ref>An "Grianán Training Centre "  i mBÁC agus Order of Our Lady of Charity i mbun</ref> nuair a bhí sí 15 bliain d'aois ar feadh 18 mhí.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Magdalene Laundries in Ireland|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Magdalene_Laundries_in_Ireland&oldid=1164315349|journal=Wikipedia|date=2023-07-08|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=agallamh|url=https://books.google.fr/books?id=GJ2P1hu6nToC&pg=PA54&dq=%22such+panic+and+terror+and+agony%22&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=%22such%20panic%20and%20terror%20and%20agony%22&f=false|publisher=|date=1990-04|language=en|author=SPIN Media LLC|journal="if you were bad, they sent you upstairs to sleep in the old folks' home. You're in there in the pitch black, you can smell the shit and the puke and everything, and these old women are moaning in their sleep ... I have never—and probably will never—experience such panic and terror and agony over anything."}}</ref> Bhíodh an t-ionad seo ina [[Árais máithreacha agus naíonán agus tithe Maigdiléana in Éirinn|neachtlann Magdalene]] lá den tsaol agus cé gur dhúirt Sinéad go raibh na mná rialta tíoránta uaireanta, is anseo a tugadh a céad ghiotár dí, rud a spreag í le dul i mbun gairme a chuirfeadh í ar stáitse an domhain. Ní raibh fuath aici ar a máthair áfach agus briseadh a croí nuair a maraíodh a máthair i dtimpiste bóthair in 1985.<ref name=":2" /> [[Íomhá:Sinéad O'Connor (9781906584) (cropped).jpg|clé|mion|Ramsbottom Music Festival, 2013.|327x327px]][[Íomhá:Under a Purple Star (16716732879) (cropped).jpg|clé|mion|timpeall 2015|293x293px]] === Gníomhaí === [[Íomhá:Photo - Festival de Cornouaille 2014 - Sinéad O’Connor en concert le 26 juillet - 015.jpg|clé|mion|2014|330x330px]]Bhí clú agus cáil uirthi mar ghníomhaí agus reibiliúnach. Bean dheisbhéalach ab ea Sinéad a labhair amach faoi ábhair éagsúla.<ref name="RTÉ" /> Thug Sinéad aghaidh ar ábhair nach raibh daoine eile sásta nó cróga go leor aghaidh a thabhairt orthu. Ní raibh aon chur i gcéill i gceist le Sinéad, ar eagla nach ndíolfaí a cuid ceoil.<ref name=":1" /> Ba chuimhin léi i dtús ama lucht bainistíochta ag iarraidh uirthi a cuid gruaige a fhás, smideadh a chur uirthi agus sciortaí gairide a chaitheamh, ach níor bhac sí leo.<ref name=":2" /> Ach bhí impleachtaí diúltacha agus dearfacha aige sin uirthi. * '''''Saturday Night Live'''.'' Labhair sí amach in aghaidh mí-úsáide san Eaglais Chaitliceach in Éirinn sna 1980/1990dí, agus labhair sí amach roimh daoine eile. Mar shampla, ar 3 D.F. 1993, agus amhrán dar teideal “War” á cheol aici i Meiriceá ar an chlár ''[[Saturday Night Live]]'', stróic sí grianghraf den [[Pápa Eoin Pól II|Phápa Eoin Pól II]]. Dúirt sí gur mar gheall ar an mhí-úsáid ghnéis a bhí ar siúl san Eaglais a rinne sí é. Tharraing an gníomh droch-chlú uirthi ach deirtear go minic anois go raibh sí chun tosaigh ar lucht a linne. * '''Mother Bernadette Mary'''. Agus í ar an [[The Late Late Show (RTÉ)|Late Late Show]] ar RTÉ ag deireadh na 1990í, dúirt Sinéad O'Connor gur mhian léi a bheith ina sagart [[Eaglais Chaitliceach Rómhánach|Caitliceach]] ach amháin nach raibh cead aici.<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.rte.ie/archives/2019/0329/1039381-female-priest-sinead-oconnor/|teideal=Female Priest Sinéad O'Connor|údar=Late LateShow|dáta=1999|language=en|work=RTÉ Archives|dátarochtana=2023-08-16}}</ref> Ach oirníodh ina sagart í le grúpa Caitliceach neamhspleách agus thug sí an t-ainm Mother Bernadette Mary uirthi féin.<ref name=":0" /> * '''Cráifeachas'''. Níor aontaigh Sinéad O'Connor leis an easpa sonais a bhí sa chreideamh Caitliceach, ach d'ainneoin sin, chuaigh sí chun na Fraince le bheith oirnithe ina sagart. Ghlac sí leis an Ioslam in 2018 agus d’athraigh sí a hainm go Shuhada' Sadaqat, ach choinnigh léi mar cheoltóir faoina hainm breithe. Ba Mhoslamach í fós ag an am a fuair sí bás. Chaith sí na blianta ag déanamh staidéar ar an diagacht agus bhí an-chuid eolais aici faoi. * Sa bhliain 1990 d’fhógair sí nach mbeadh sí sásta ceol i Meiriceá dá gcasfaí amhrán náisiúnta Mheiriceá roimh cheann dá cuid ceolchoirmeacha ansin. === Saol casta === Thug Sinéad aghaidh ar ábhair nach raibh daoine eile sásta nó cróga go leor aghaidh a thabhairt orthu agus bhí impleachtaí diúltacha agus dearfacha aige sin uirthi. Léirigh sí neart thar na beartaibh ach go háirithe agus í ag streachailt le galar intinne,<ref name=":1" /> Bhí Sinéad pósta roinnt babhtaí agus bhí ceathrar clainne aici. === Tragóid === Bhí Sinéad ag streachailt le fadhbanna meabhairshláinte le fada. Sa bhliain 2015, bhí coirmeacha ceoil ar fud mhór-roinn na hEorpa curtha ar ceal aici ar chomhairle dochtúra.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Seónna ar ceal ag Sinéad O'Connor spíonta|url=https://www.rte.ie/news/nuacht/2015/0722/716391-seo/|date=2015-07-22|language=ga-IE|author=Nuacht RTÉ}}</ref> Cailleadh duine den chlann, a mac Shane, go tragóideach sa bhliain 2022; chuir an t-ógánach (17) [[lámh ina bhás féin]].<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-12341453/Sinead-OConnors-heartbreaking-final-video-Stars-emotional-clip-toll-teenage-sons-suicide-took-posted-days-died-aged-56.html|teideal=Sinead O'Connor's clip about son's suicide posted days before death|údar=Katherine Lawton|dáta=2023-07-26|work=Mail Online|dátarochtana=2023-07-26}}</ref> An ceoltóir [[Donal Lunny]] ab ea a athair.<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/music/news/sinead-oconnor-shane-father-donal-lunny-b1989823.html|teideal=Sinead O’Connor sends moving message to son Shane’s father|dáta=2022-01-10|language=en|work=The Independent|dátarochtana=2023-07-26}}</ref> Thángthas ar chorp Shinéad O’Connor ina hárasán i Londain ar 26 Iúil 2023, in aois a sé bliana déag agus dhá scór.<ref name="IT" /><ref name="RTÉ" /> Fuair sí "bás le hadhairt", a dúirt an cróinéir ar an 9 Eanáir 2024, ach níor thug sé na sonraí beachta amach.<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.irishstar.com/culture/entertainment/sinad-oconnors-cause-death-confirmed-31841954|teideal=Sinéad O'Connor's cause of death confirmed by coroner after autopsy|údar=Fionnuala Boyle|dáta=2024-01-09|language=en|work=Irish Star|dátarochtana=2024-03-03}}</ref> Ar 8 Lúnasa, bhailigh na mílte daoine ar shráideanna Bhré, Contae Chill Mhantáin, chun Sinéad a chaoineadh. Tháinig an tsochraid fríd an bhaile tar éis seirbhís phríobháideach, a rinne Ard-Iomám Ionad Ioslamach na hÉireann, an Dr Umar Al-Qadri.<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://podcasts.apple.com/ca/podcast/12-l%C3%BAnasa-2023-d%C3%BAn-na-ngall/id1525428808?i=1000624240843|teideal=‎Nuacht Mhall: (Dún na nGall)|údar=Conradh na Gaeilge Londain|dáta=12 Lúnasa 2023|language=ga-IE|work=Apple Podcasts|dátarochtana=2023-08-16}}</ref> Stop an tsochraid lasmuigh den teach a mbíodh Sinéad O’Connor ina cónaí ar feadh 15 bliain.<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://tuairisc.ie/na-milte-cruinnithe-cois-cladaigh-i-mbre-le-slan-a-fhagail-le-sinead-oconnor/|teideal=Na mílte cruinnithe cois cladaigh i mBré le slán a fhágáil le Sinéad O’Connor|dáta=2023-08-08|language=ga-IE|work=Tuairisc.ie|dátarochtana=2023-08-16}}</ref> Bhí ceol Bob Marley agus a amhrán ‘Natural Mystic’ le cloisteáil ó veain a bhí ar cheann na sochraide. == Saothar == === Albaim === ==== Albaim Stiúideo ==== * ''[[The Lion and the Cobra]]'' (1987) * ''[[I Do Not Want What I Haven't Got]]'' (1990) * ''[[Am I Not Your Girl?]]'' (1992) * ''[[Universal Mother]]'' (1994) * ''[[Gospel Oak]]'' EP (1997) * ''[[So Far...The Best Of Sinéad O'Connor]]'' (1997) * ''[[Faith and Courage]]'' (2000) * ''[[Sean-Nós Nua]]'' (2002) * ''[[She Who Dwells in the Secret Place of the Most High Shall Abide Under the Shadow of the Almighty]]'' (2003) * ''[[Collaborations]]'' (2005) * ''[[Throw Down Your Arms]]'' (2005) (Bailiúchán dena leagan féin d'amhráin cáiliúla [[reggae]]) * ''[[Theology]] (2007) * ''[[How About I Be Me (And You Be You)?]]'' (2012) * ''[[I'm Not Bossy, I'm the Boss]]'' (2014) ==== Albaim Díolama ==== * ''[[So Far... The Best of Sinéad O'Connor]]'' (1997) * ''[[Sinéad O'Connor (Best Of)]]'' (2000 * ''[[She Who Dwells in the Secret Place of the Most High Shall Abide Under the Shadow of the Almighty]]'' (2003) * ''Collaborations'' (2005) * ''Essential'' (2005) ==== Albaim Beo ==== * ''[[Live at the Sugar Club]]'' (2008) ==== SLí ==== * ''[[Gospel Oak EP]]'' (1997) === Singlí === * "Troy" (1987) * "Drink Before the War" (1987) * "Mandinka" (1987) * "I Want Your (Hands on Me)" le [[MC Lyte]] (1988) * "Jerusalem" (1988) * "Jump in the River" (1989) * "Nothing Compares 2 U" (1990) * "The Emperor's New Clothes" (1990) * "Three Babies" (1990) * "I Am Stretched on Your Grave" (1990) * "My Special Child" (1991) * "Silent Night" (1991) * "Success Has Made a Failure of our Home" (1992) * "Don't Cry For Me, Argentina" (1992) * "You Made Me the Thief of Your Heart" le [[Gavin Friday]] (1994) * "Thank You For Hearing Me" (1994) * "Fire on Babylon" (1994) * "Famine"/"All Apologies" (1995) * "This is to Mother You" (1997) * "This is a Rebel Song" (1997) * "Chiquitita" (1998) * "No Man's Woman" (2000) * "Jealous" (2000) * "Troy (The Phoenix From the Flame)" (2002) * "[[Oró Sé do Bheatha 'Bhaile]]" (2002) * "My Lagan Love" (2002) * "A Hundred Thousand Angels" (2003) * "Marcus Garvey" (2005) * "Throw Down Your Arms" (2005) * "I Don't Know How to Love Him" (2007) * "We People (Who Are Darker Than Blue)" (2007) * "The Wolf is Getting Married" (2012) * "4th and Vine" (2013) * "Old Lady" (2013) * "Take Me To Church" (2014) * "8 Good Reasons" (2014) == Naisc sheachtracha == * [http://www.sinead-oconnor.com Suíomh oifigiúil] * Celochoirm ''Sinéad O’Connor – Live at Vicar Stree''t ar RTÉ: taifeadadh beo in [[Vicar Street]] sa bhliain 2002, bhí banna ceoil Shinéid in éineacht léi don léiriú seo. Chas sí na hamhráin aitheanta Molly Malone, My Lagan Love, Nothing Compares 2 U agus Fire On Babylon ar an gclár.<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://about.rte.ie/ie/2023/07/27/rte-le-homos-a-thabhairt-do-shaol-shinead-oconnor-ar-an-teilifis-ar-an-raidio-agus-ar-line/|teideal=RTÉ le hómós a thabhairt do shaol Shinéad O’Connor ar an Teilifís, ar an Raidió agus ar Líne – About RTÉ|work=about.rte.ie|dátarochtana=2023-08-16}}</ref> * ''The Meaning of Life'' le Gay Byrne (2009). '''L'''abhair Sinéad O’Connor faoin tionchar a bhí ag an tógáil chráifeach a bhí aici ar a saol agus faoi theacht chun cinn a cuid spioradáltachta féin.<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.rte.ie/player/series/the-meaning-of-life-with-gay-byrne/SI0000001819?epguid=IH000239885|teideal=Meaning of Life|údar=Gay Byrne|dáta=2009|dátarochtana=2023}}</ref> * ''For One Night Only'' (2012) ar RTÉ. Ar an gclár seo thug Sinéad O’Connor Gay Byrne ar aistear ceoil a chuimsigh a gairm bheatha éagsúil. Labhair sí go hoscailte faoin gcaoi a raibh sí ag streachailt le dúlagar, lena creideamh, faoin áit ónár eascair a grá don cheol, faoina caidreamh lena máthair, faoin trioblóid a tarraingíodh uirthi mar gheall nach raibh faitíos uirthi labhairt amach srl.<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.rte.ie/player/series/for-one-night-only/SI0000000612?epguid=IH000279899|teideal=For One Night Only|údar=RTÉ Player|dáta=2012|dátarochtana=2023}}</ref> == Tagairtí == {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:O'Connor, Sinéad]}} [[Catagóir:Ceoltóirí Éireannacha]] [[Catagóir:Básanna in 2023]] [[Catagóir:Daoine as Baile Átha Cliath]] [[Catagóir:Daoine a rugadh i 1966]] [[Catagóir:Amhránaithe Éireannacha]] [[Catagóir:Mná déghnéasacha‎]] [[Catagóir:Mná Éireannacha]] [[Catagóir:Amhránaithe Gaeilge]] [[Catagóir:Sagairt]] [[Catagóir:Moslamaigh]] boqh3t09phms7shhkmpubu7duuweev6 1321718 1321712 2026-07-26T15:47:05Z TGcoa 21229 1321718 wikitext text/x-wiki {{WD Bosca Sonraí Duine}} Amhránaí agus cumadóir [[Éire]]annach ba ea '''Sinéad Marie Bernadette O'Connor''' ([[8 Nollaig]] [[1966]] – [[26 Iúil]] [[2023]])<ref name="IT">{{Lua idirlín|teideal=Sinéad O’Connor, acclaimed Dublin singer, dies aged 56 |url=https://www.irishtimes.com/culture/music/2023/07/26/sinead-oconnor-acclaimed-dublin-singer-dies-aged-56/|Dáta=26 Iúil 2023|Dátarochtana=26 Iúil 2023|foilsitheoir=[[The Irish Times]]}}</ref> a raibh meas tuillte aici timpeall an domhain mar gheall ar a cumas ceoil ó na [[1980idí]] ar aghaidh. Ba bhean í a raibh an-tóir ar fud an domhain ar a cuid ceoil.<ref name="RTÉ">{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.rte.ie/news/nuacht/2023/0726/1396684-an-t-amhranai-sinead-oconnor-tar-eis-bhais/|teideal=An t-amhránaí Sinéad O'Connor tar éis bháis|údar=Nuacht RTÉ|dáta=26 Iúil 2023|foilsitheoir=[[RTÉ]]|dátarochtana=26 Iúil 2023|Dáta=26 Iúil 2023|Dátarochtana=26 Iúil 2023}}</ref> Bhí aithne uirthi chomh maith mar gheall ar a ceann bearrtha, a háilleacht is a cuid tuairimí conspóideacha. Ag aois an-óg a d'aimsigh Sinéad an spotsolas agus d'úsáid sí an aird le solas a chaitheamh ní hamháin ar a cuid ceoil ach ar go leor eile ar nós an tslí ar caitheadh le mná in Éirinn chomh maith le [[mí-úsáid ghnéis]], teifigh, [[ciníochas]], an tabú a bhain leis an ngalar [[SEIF]] agus neart eile.<ref name=":1">{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Fís nua do mhná na tíre seo: Oidhreacht Shinéad O' Connor|url=https://www.rte.ie/gaeilge/2023/0728/1397097-fis-nua-do-mhna-na-tire-seo-oidhreacht-shinead-o-connor/|date=2023-07-28|language=ga-IE|author=Raidió na Gaeltachta / Philip King}}</ref> Ach is as feabhas a cuid ceoil agus as a guth binn mín is fearr agus is faide a bheidh cuimhne ar Shinéad.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.rte.ie/search/query/Sin%C3%A9ad%20O%27Connor/|teideal=Searching for "Sinéad O'Connor" {{!}} RTE.ie|language=en|work=www.rte.ie|dátarochtana=2023-08-16}}</ref><ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.rte.ie/culture/sinead-oconnor/|teideal=Sinéad O'Connor celebrated|dáta=2023-07-26|language=en|work=RTE.ie|dátarochtana=2023-08-16}}</ref><ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.rte.ie/archives/profiles/oconnor-sinead/|teideal=RTÉ Archives {{!}} Sinéad O'Connor|work=www.rte.ie|dátarochtana=2023-08-16}}</ref> [[Íomhá:Sinead O'Connor 1987.jpg|clé|mion|175x175px|Sinead O'Connor 1987]] [[Íomhá:Sinead O'Connor 1988.jpg|clé|mion|1988]] == Ceol == Ba léir go raibh dúchas láidir ceoil inti go hóg ina saol. Agus Sinéad ar an mheánscoil, spreag a múinteoir Gaeilge í le ceithre hamhrán a thaifeadadh – dhá cheann a chum sí féin ina measc. Uaidh sin, thuill sí clú agus cáil as a cuid ceoil ní amháin mar amhránaí ach mar léiritheoir ceoil chomh maith.<ref name=":0">{{Lua idirlín|url=https://ccea.org.uk/downloads/docs/ccea-asset-im/Resource/Sin%C3%A9ad%20O%26%23039%3BConnor.pdf|teideal=Beatha le bua|údar=CEA / ccea.org.uk|dátarochtana=2023|archivedate=2024-06-19|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240619011337/https://ccea.org.uk/downloads/docs/ccea-asset-im/Resource/Sin%C3%A9ad%20O%26%23039%3BConnor.pdf}}</ref> Leoga, agus gan í ach fiche bliain d’aois, léirigh sí a céad albam ''The Lion and the Cobra''. Is léiriú ceart é ‘Troy’, an chéad singil a roghnaíodh as an albam sin, ar an drochbhail a tugadh uirthi le linn a hóige.<ref name=":2">{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.meoneile.ie/anailis/sinead-o-connor-phleasc-a-solas-frid-na-scamaill|teideal=Sinéad O’Connor - phléasc a solas fríd na scamaill < Meon Eile|údar=Michelle Nic Pháidín|dáta=31 Iúil 2023|language=ga-IE|work=www.meoneile.ie|dátarochtana=2024-03-03}}</ref> Bhain sí clú agus cáil amach a chéaduair leis an amhrán Mandinka i 1987 ón albam sin. D’éirigh go maith leis seo agus le halbaim eile a d’eisigh sí ina dhiaidh sin (féach uirthi in 1989 ar an [[The Late Late Show (RTÉ)|Late Late]]).<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.rte.ie/archives/2019/0203/1026732-sinead-oconnor-a-capella/|teideal="I am stretched on your grave"|údar=Sinéad O'Connor A Cappella|dáta=1989|language=en|work=RTÉ Archives|dátarochtana=2023-08-16}}</ref> Bhain an t-amhránaí clú idirnáisiúnta amach lena dara halbam, ''I Do Not Want What I Haven’t Got'', a seoladh in 1990 agus ar a raibh an leagan uathúil sin de ''Nothing Compares to U'' (amhrán de chuid [[Prince]]),<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title='Nothing Compares 2 U' {{!}} The Late Late Show {{!}} RTÉ One|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5KuGUP-C9Ko|language=en|author=Shuhada' Sadaqa|date=2019}}</ref> an t-amhrán is mó a tharraing aitheantas uirthi. Is ar a máthair a bhíodh sí ag smaoineamh agus í á cheol, a dúirt sí (maraíodh a máthair go tobann i dtimpiste bóthair in 1985). Is cinnte gur sin an chúis ar chaoin sí nuair a bhí siad ag scannánú an amhráin (blianta ina dhiaidh sin, dúirt sí gurbh iad a deora a tharraing daoine chuici ach nuair a bhí sí ag streachailt i ndáiríre is beag aird a bhí ag daoine uirthi).<ref name=":2" /> Bhí bua ar leith ag Sinéad maidir le liricí nach gcuireann aon fhiacail ann a chumadh.<ref>Sampla den scoth é curfá ‘The Value of Ignorance’: "All those nights with my arse in your face and your words in my dreams. Now I know what the value of ignorance means"</ref><ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://tuairisc.ie/sinead-oconnor-udar-splancfhicsin/|teideal=Sinéad O’Connor, údar splancfhicsin|údar=Alex Hijmans|dáta=10 Márta 2018|language=ga-IE|work=Tuairisc.ie|dátarochtana=2023-07-26}}</ref> Thaifead Sinéad deich n-albam stiúideo ar fad lena linn. Bhí sí ábalta aon chineál ceoil a chasadh – [[reggae]], pop, traidisiúnta, agus roc...<ref name=":0" /> [[Íomhá:Gualtieri Sicaminò - Chiesa di Santa Maria Annunziata - 2023-09-01 10-45-57 011.JPG|clé|mion|cuma timpeall 1993, "Chiesa di Santa Maria Annunziata" san Iodáil|293x293px]] === Gaeilge === Cé gur i mBéarla atá na hamhráin is mó cáil a chan Sinéad O’Connor, bhí dáimh ar leith aici leis an nGaeilge freisin.<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://nos.ie/cultur/ceol/na-hamhrain-ghaeilge-a-chan-sinead-oconnor/|teideal=Na hamhráin Ghaeilge a chan Sinéad O'Connor|údar=NÓS|dáta=2023-07-29|language=ga-IE|dátarochtana=2023-08-16|archivedate=2023-10-04|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20231004075739/https://nos.ie/cultur/ceol/na-hamhrain-ghaeilge-a-chan-sinead-oconnor/}}</ref> In 2002 d’eisigh Sinéad albam dar teideal ''Sean-Nós Nua'' ar a bhfuil dhá amhrán as Gaeilge mar atá [[Báidín Fheilimí]] agus [[Oró Sé do Bheatha 'Bhaile]]. Rinne sí seo le ‘claochlú, bás agus athbhreith an chultúir Ghaelaigh’ a léiriú, dar léi.<ref name=":0" /> Léirigh a fear céile ag an am, [[Donal Lunny]], cuid dá halbam ''Sean Nós Nua.''<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=http://www.beo.ie/alt-donal-lunny.aspx|teideal=Donal Lunny|údar=Éamonn Ó Dónaill|dáta=2002|language=ga-IE|work=Beo!|dátarochtana=2023-07-26}}</ref>Chomh maith leis sin, bhí ‘[[Mná na hÉireann]]’ agus ‘[[Róisín Dubh]]’ i measc na n-amhrán a bhí aici agus ar an gcéad albam uaithi, ''The Lion and the Cobra'', tá an t-amhránaí clúiteach [[Enya]] le cloisteáil ag rá Salm 91 ar an traic ‘Never Get Old’.[[Íomhá:Sinéad O’Connor (cropped).jpg|clé|mion|2008|253x253px]] == Beatha == Rugadh Sinéad O'Connor ar an 8ú lá de mhí na Nollag 1966 - lá Mhuire gan Smál<ref>Ba dheas mar sin gurbh í a bhí i ról na Maighdine Muire sa scannán The Butcher Boy.</ref> - i m[[Baile Átha Cliath]]. I n[[Gleann na gCaorach]] i ndeisceart an chontae a tógadh í. Bhí cúigear sa chlann. Ba í a máthair mhór Kitty O’Grady a bhí ina máthair bhaistí aici agus bhí dáimh láidir idir an bheirt bhan - is deas na cuimhní a bhí ag Sinéad ar bheith istigh i dteach Kitty ina hóige. Bhí saol beag corrach aici ina hóige agus saol crua aici ó mhí-úsáid ghnéis. Scar a tuismitheoirí nuair a bhí sí ocht mbliana d’aois agus bhí sí i dtrioblóid anois is arís ina dhiaidh sin. Mhaigh sí gur bhuail an mháthair í, gur fhulaing sí mí-úsáid ghnéis agus gur tógadh i dteach an uafáis í. B’iomaí sin uair, a dúirt Sinéad, gur thug a máthair drochbhail uirthi. Dúirt sí gur fhág a máthair ar feadh coicíse sa ghairdín í agus gan í ábalta dul isteach sa teach le titim na hoíche - is mar gheall air seo a bhí fuath aici ar an chlapsholas agus í ina duine fásta.<ref name=":2" /> Chuaigh sí le cónaí lena hathair nuair a bhí sí 10 mbliana d’aois. Ag an am seo, bhíodh Sinéad ag goid ó shiopaí. De bharr í a bheith ag goid, cuireadh isteach in ionad ceartúcháin an Ghrianáin í<ref>An "Grianán Training Centre "  i mBÁC agus Order of Our Lady of Charity i mbun</ref> nuair a bhí sí 15 bliain d'aois ar feadh 18 mhí.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Magdalene Laundries in Ireland|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Magdalene_Laundries_in_Ireland&oldid=1164315349|journal=Wikipedia|date=2023-07-08|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=agallamh|url=https://books.google.fr/books?id=GJ2P1hu6nToC&pg=PA54&dq=%22such+panic+and+terror+and+agony%22&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=%22such%20panic%20and%20terror%20and%20agony%22&f=false|publisher=|date=1990-04|language=en|author=SPIN Media LLC|journal="if you were bad, they sent you upstairs to sleep in the old folks' home. You're in there in the pitch black, you can smell the shit and the puke and everything, and these old women are moaning in their sleep ... I have never—and probably will never—experience such panic and terror and agony over anything."}}</ref> Bhíodh an t-ionad seo ina [[Árais máithreacha agus naíonán agus tithe Maigdiléana in Éirinn|neachtlann Magdalene]] lá den tsaol agus cé gur dhúirt Sinéad go raibh na mná rialta tíoránta uaireanta, is anseo a tugadh a céad ghiotár dí, rud a spreag í le dul i mbun gairme a chuirfeadh í ar stáitse an domhain. Ní raibh fuath aici ar a máthair áfach agus briseadh a croí nuair a maraíodh a máthair i dtimpiste bóthair in 1985.<ref name=":2" /> [[Íomhá:Sinéad O'Connor (9781906584) (cropped).jpg|clé|mion|Ramsbottom Music Festival, 2013.|327x327px]][[Íomhá:Under a Purple Star (16716732879) (cropped).jpg|clé|mion|timpeall 2015|293x293px]] === Gníomhaí === [[Íomhá:Photo - Festival de Cornouaille 2014 - Sinéad O’Connor en concert le 26 juillet - 015.jpg|clé|mion|2014|330x330px]]Bhí clú agus cáil uirthi mar ghníomhaí agus reibiliúnach. Bean dheisbhéalach ab ea Sinéad a labhair amach faoi ábhair éagsúla.<ref name="RTÉ" /> Thug Sinéad aghaidh ar ábhair nach raibh daoine eile sásta nó cróga go leor aghaidh a thabhairt orthu. Ní raibh aon chur i gcéill i gceist le Sinéad, ar eagla nach ndíolfaí a cuid ceoil.<ref name=":1" /> Ba chuimhin léi i dtús ama lucht bainistíochta ag iarraidh uirthi a cuid gruaige a fhás, smideadh a chur uirthi agus sciortaí gairide a chaitheamh, ach níor bhac sí leo.<ref name=":2" /> Ach bhí impleachtaí diúltacha agus dearfacha aige sin uirthi. * '''''Saturday Night Live'''.'' Labhair sí amach in aghaidh mí-úsáide san Eaglais Chaitliceach in Éirinn sna 1980/1990dí, agus labhair sí amach roimh daoine eile. Mar shampla, ar 3 D.F. 1993, agus amhrán dar teideal “War” á cheol aici i Meiriceá ar an chlár ''[[Saturday Night Live]]'', stróic sí grianghraf den [[Pápa Eoin Pól II|Phápa Eoin Pól II]]. Dúirt sí gur mar gheall ar an mhí-úsáid ghnéis a bhí ar siúl san Eaglais a rinne sí é. Tharraing an gníomh droch-chlú uirthi ach deirtear go minic anois go raibh sí chun tosaigh ar lucht a linne. * '''Mother Bernadette Mary'''. Agus í ar an [[The Late Late Show (RTÉ)|Late Late Show]] ar RTÉ ag deireadh na 1990í, dúirt Sinéad O'Connor gur mhian léi a bheith ina sagart [[Eaglais Chaitliceach Rómhánach|Caitliceach]] ach amháin nach raibh cead aici.<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.rte.ie/archives/2019/0329/1039381-female-priest-sinead-oconnor/|teideal=Female Priest Sinéad O'Connor|údar=Late LateShow|dáta=1999|language=en|work=RTÉ Archives|dátarochtana=2023-08-16}}</ref> Ach oirníodh ina sagart í le grúpa Caitliceach neamhspleách agus thug sí an t-ainm Mother Bernadette Mary uirthi féin.<ref name=":0" /> * '''Cráifeachas'''. Níor aontaigh Sinéad O'Connor leis an easpa sonais a bhí sa chreideamh Caitliceach, ach d'ainneoin sin, chuaigh sí chun na Fraince le bheith oirnithe ina sagart. Ghlac sí leis an Ioslam in 2018 agus d’athraigh sí a hainm go Shuhada' Sadaqat, ach choinnigh léi mar cheoltóir faoina hainm breithe. Ba Mhoslamach í fós ag an am a fuair sí bás. Chaith sí na blianta ag déanamh staidéar ar an diagacht agus bhí an-chuid eolais aici faoi. * Sa bhliain 1990 d’fhógair sí nach mbeadh sí sásta ceol i Meiriceá dá gcasfaí amhrán náisiúnta Mheiriceá roimh cheann dá cuid ceolchoirmeacha ansin. === Saol casta === Thug Sinéad aghaidh ar ábhair nach raibh daoine eile sásta nó cróga go leor aghaidh a thabhairt orthu agus bhí impleachtaí diúltacha agus dearfacha aige sin uirthi. Léirigh sí neart thar na bearta ach go háirithe agus í ag streachailt le galar intinne,<ref name=":1" /> Bhí Sinéad pósta roinnt babhtaí agus bhí ceathrar clainne aici. === Tragóid === Bhí Sinéad ag streachailt le fadhbanna meabhairshláinte le fada. Sa bhliain 2015, bhí coirmeacha ceoil ar fud mhór-roinn na hEorpa curtha ar ceal aici ar chomhairle dochtúra.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Seónna ar ceal ag Sinéad O'Connor spíonta|url=https://www.rte.ie/news/nuacht/2015/0722/716391-seo/|date=2015-07-22|language=ga-IE|author=Nuacht RTÉ}}</ref> Cailleadh duine den chlann, a mac Shane, go tragóideach sa bhliain 2022; chuir an t-ógánach (17) [[lámh ina bhás féin]].<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-12341453/Sinead-OConnors-heartbreaking-final-video-Stars-emotional-clip-toll-teenage-sons-suicide-took-posted-days-died-aged-56.html|teideal=Sinead O'Connor's clip about son's suicide posted days before death|údar=Katherine Lawton|dáta=2023-07-26|work=Mail Online|dátarochtana=2023-07-26}}</ref> An ceoltóir [[Donal Lunny]] ab ea a athair.<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/music/news/sinead-oconnor-shane-father-donal-lunny-b1989823.html|teideal=Sinead O’Connor sends moving message to son Shane’s father|dáta=2022-01-10|language=en|work=The Independent|dátarochtana=2023-07-26}}</ref> Thángthas ar chorp Shinéad O’Connor ina hárasán i Londain ar 26 Iúil 2023, in aois a sé bliana déag agus dhá scór.<ref name="IT" /><ref name="RTÉ" /> Fuair sí "bás le hadhairt", a dúirt an cróinéir ar an 9 Eanáir 2024, ach níor thug sé na sonraí beachta amach.<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.irishstar.com/culture/entertainment/sinad-oconnors-cause-death-confirmed-31841954|teideal=Sinéad O'Connor's cause of death confirmed by coroner after autopsy|údar=Fionnuala Boyle|dáta=2024-01-09|language=en|work=Irish Star|dátarochtana=2024-03-03}}</ref> Ar 8 Lúnasa, bhailigh na mílte daoine ar shráideanna Bhré, Contae Chill Mhantáin, chun Sinéad a chaoineadh. Tháinig an tsochraid fríd an bhaile tar éis seirbhís phríobháideach, a rinne Ard-Iomám Ionad Ioslamach na hÉireann, an Dr Umar Al-Qadri.<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://podcasts.apple.com/ca/podcast/12-l%C3%BAnasa-2023-d%C3%BAn-na-ngall/id1525428808?i=1000624240843|teideal=‎Nuacht Mhall: (Dún na nGall)|údar=Conradh na Gaeilge Londain|dáta=12 Lúnasa 2023|language=ga-IE|work=Apple Podcasts|dátarochtana=2023-08-16}}</ref> Stop an tsochraid lasmuigh den teach a mbíodh Sinéad O’Connor ina cónaí ar feadh 15 bliain.<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://tuairisc.ie/na-milte-cruinnithe-cois-cladaigh-i-mbre-le-slan-a-fhagail-le-sinead-oconnor/|teideal=Na mílte cruinnithe cois cladaigh i mBré le slán a fhágáil le Sinéad O’Connor|dáta=2023-08-08|language=ga-IE|work=Tuairisc.ie|dátarochtana=2023-08-16}}</ref> Bhí ceol Bob Marley agus a amhrán ‘Natural Mystic’ le cloisteáil ó veain a bhí ar cheann na sochraide. == Saothar == === Albaim === ==== Albaim Stiúideo ==== * ''[[The Lion and the Cobra]]'' (1987) * ''[[I Do Not Want What I Haven't Got]]'' (1990) * ''[[Am I Not Your Girl?]]'' (1992) * ''[[Universal Mother]]'' (1994) * ''[[Gospel Oak]]'' EP (1997) * ''[[So Far...The Best Of Sinéad O'Connor]]'' (1997) * ''[[Faith and Courage]]'' (2000) * ''[[Sean-Nós Nua]]'' (2002) * ''[[She Who Dwells in the Secret Place of the Most High Shall Abide Under the Shadow of the Almighty]]'' (2003) * ''[[Collaborations]]'' (2005) * ''[[Throw Down Your Arms]]'' (2005) (Bailiúchán dena leagan féin d'amhráin cáiliúla [[reggae]]) * ''[[Theology]] (2007) * ''[[How About I Be Me (And You Be You)?]]'' (2012) * ''[[I'm Not Bossy, I'm the Boss]]'' (2014) ==== Albaim Díolama ==== * ''[[So Far... The Best of Sinéad O'Connor]]'' (1997) * ''[[Sinéad O'Connor (Best Of)]]'' (2000 * ''[[She Who Dwells in the Secret Place of the Most High Shall Abide Under the Shadow of the Almighty]]'' (2003) * ''Collaborations'' (2005) * ''Essential'' (2005) ==== Albaim Beo ==== * ''[[Live at the Sugar Club]]'' (2008) ==== SLí ==== * ''[[Gospel Oak EP]]'' (1997) === Singlí === * "Troy" (1987) * "Drink Before the War" (1987) * "Mandinka" (1987) * "I Want Your (Hands on Me)" le [[MC Lyte]] (1988) * "Jerusalem" (1988) * "Jump in the River" (1989) * "Nothing Compares 2 U" (1990) * "The Emperor's New Clothes" (1990) * "Three Babies" (1990) * "I Am Stretched on Your Grave" (1990) * "My Special Child" (1991) * "Silent Night" (1991) * "Success Has Made a Failure of our Home" (1992) * "Don't Cry For Me, Argentina" (1992) * "You Made Me the Thief of Your Heart" le [[Gavin Friday]] (1994) * "Thank You For Hearing Me" (1994) * "Fire on Babylon" (1994) * "Famine"/"All Apologies" (1995) * "This is to Mother You" (1997) * "This is a Rebel Song" (1997) * "Chiquitita" (1998) * "No Man's Woman" (2000) * "Jealous" (2000) * "Troy (The Phoenix From the Flame)" (2002) * "[[Oró Sé do Bheatha 'Bhaile]]" (2002) * "My Lagan Love" (2002) * "A Hundred Thousand Angels" (2003) * "Marcus Garvey" (2005) * "Throw Down Your Arms" (2005) * "I Don't Know How to Love Him" (2007) * "We People (Who Are Darker Than Blue)" (2007) * "The Wolf is Getting Married" (2012) * "4th and Vine" (2013) * "Old Lady" (2013) * "Take Me To Church" (2014) * "8 Good Reasons" (2014) == Naisc sheachtracha == * [http://www.sinead-oconnor.com Suíomh oifigiúil] ** Ceolchoirm ''Sinéad O’Connor – Live at Vicar Stree''t ar RTÉ: taifeadadh beo in [[Vicar Street]] sa bhliain 2002, bhí banna ceoil Shinéid in éineacht léi don léiriú seo. Chas sí na hamhráin aitheanta Molly Malone, My Lagan Love, Nothing Compares 2 U agus Fire On Babylon ar an gclár.<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://about.rte.ie/ie/2023/07/27/rte-le-homos-a-thabhairt-do-shaol-shinead-oconnor-ar-an-teilifis-ar-an-raidio-agus-ar-line/|teideal=RTÉ le hómós a thabhairt do shaol Shinéad O’Connor ar an Teilifís, ar an Raidió agus ar Líne – About RTÉ|work=about.rte.ie|dátarochtana=2023-08-16}}</ref> * ''The Meaning of Life'' le Gay Byrne (2009). '''L'''abhair Sinéad O’Connor faoin tionchar a bhí ag an tógáil chráifeach a bhí aici ar a saol agus faoi theacht chun cinn a cuid spioradáltachta féin.<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.rte.ie/player/series/the-meaning-of-life-with-gay-byrne/SI0000001819?epguid=IH000239885|teideal=Meaning of Life|údar=Gay Byrne|dáta=2009|dátarochtana=2023}}</ref> * ''For One Night Only'' (2012) ar RTÉ. Ar an gclár seo thug Sinéad O’Connor Gay Byrne ar aistear ceoil a chuimsigh a gairm bheatha éagsúil. Labhair sí go hoscailte faoin gcaoi a raibh sí ag streachailt le dúlagar, lena creideamh, faoin áit ónar eascair a grá don cheol, faoina caidreamh lena máthair, faoin trioblóid a tarraingíodh uirthi mar gheall nach raibh faitíos uirthi labhairt amach srl.<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.rte.ie/player/series/for-one-night-only/SI0000000612?epguid=IH000279899|teideal=For One Night Only|údar=RTÉ Player|dáta=2012|dátarochtana=2023}}</ref> == Tagairtí == {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:O'Connor, Sinéad]}} [[Catagóir:Ceoltóirí Éireannacha]] [[Catagóir:Básanna in 2023]] [[Catagóir:Daoine as Baile Átha Cliath]] [[Catagóir:Daoine a rugadh i 1966]] [[Catagóir:Amhránaithe Éireannacha]] [[Catagóir:Mná déghnéasacha‎]] [[Catagóir:Mná Éireannacha]] [[Catagóir:Amhránaithe Gaeilge]] [[Catagóir:Sagairt]] [[Catagóir:Moslamaigh]] i68rbcjpw7fubg7r206j7f06ze4ncly 1321720 1321718 2026-07-26T16:00:12Z TGcoa 21229 1321720 wikitext text/x-wiki {{WD Bosca Sonraí Duine}} Amhránaí agus cumadóir [[Éire]]annach ba ea '''Sinéad Marie Bernadette O'Connor''' ([[8 Nollaig]] [[1966]] – [[26 Iúil]] [[2023]])<ref name="IT">{{Lua idirlín|teideal=Sinéad O’Connor, acclaimed Dublin singer, dies aged 56 |url=https://www.irishtimes.com/culture/music/2023/07/26/sinead-oconnor-acclaimed-dublin-singer-dies-aged-56/|Dáta=26 Iúil 2023|Dátarochtana=26 Iúil 2023|foilsitheoir=[[The Irish Times]]}}</ref> a raibh meas tuillte aici timpeall an domhain mar gheall ar a cumas ceoil ó na [[1980idí]] ar aghaidh. Ba bhean í a raibh an-tóir ar fud an domhain ar a cuid ceoil.<ref name="RTÉ">{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.rte.ie/news/nuacht/2023/0726/1396684-an-t-amhranai-sinead-oconnor-tar-eis-bhais/|teideal=An t-amhránaí Sinéad O'Connor tar éis bháis|údar=Nuacht RTÉ|dáta=26 Iúil 2023|foilsitheoir=[[RTÉ]]|dátarochtana=26 Iúil 2023|Dáta=26 Iúil 2023|Dátarochtana=26 Iúil 2023}}</ref> Bhí aithne uirthi chomh maith mar gheall ar a ceann bearrtha, a háilleacht is a cuid tuairimí conspóideacha. Ag aois an-óg a d'aimsigh Sinéad an spotsolas agus d'úsáid sí an aird le solas a chaitheamh ní hamháin ar a cuid ceoil ach ar go leor eile ar nós an tslí ar caitheadh le mná in Éirinn chomh maith le [[mí-úsáid ghnéis]], teifigh, [[ciníochas]], an tabú a bhain leis an ngalar [[SEIF]] agus neart eile.<ref name=":1">{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Fís nua do mhná na tíre seo: Oidhreacht Shinéad O' Connor|url=https://www.rte.ie/gaeilge/2023/0728/1397097-fis-nua-do-mhna-na-tire-seo-oidhreacht-shinead-o-connor/|date=2023-07-28|language=ga-IE|author=Raidió na Gaeltachta / Philip King}}</ref> Ach is as feabhas a cuid ceoil agus as a guth binn mín is fearr agus is faide a bheidh cuimhne ar Shinéad.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.rte.ie/search/query/Sin%C3%A9ad%20O%27Connor/|teideal=Searching for "Sinéad O'Connor" {{!}} RTE.ie|language=en|work=www.rte.ie|dátarochtana=2023-08-16}}</ref><ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.rte.ie/culture/sinead-oconnor/|teideal=Sinéad O'Connor celebrated|dáta=2023-07-26|language=en|work=RTE.ie|dátarochtana=2023-08-16}}</ref><ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.rte.ie/archives/profiles/oconnor-sinead/|teideal=RTÉ Archives {{!}} Sinéad O'Connor|work=www.rte.ie|dátarochtana=2023-08-16}}</ref> [[Íomhá:Sinead O'Connor 1987.jpg|clé|mion|175x175px|Sinead O'Connor 1987]] [[Íomhá:Sinead O'Connor 1988.jpg|clé|mion|1988]] == Ceol == Ba léir go raibh dúchas láidir ceoil inti go hóg ina saol. Agus Sinéad ar an mheánscoil, spreag a múinteoir Gaeilge í le ceithre hamhrán a thaifeadadh – dhá cheann a chum sí féin ina measc. Uaidh sin, thuill sí clú agus cáil as a cuid ceoil ní amháin mar amhránaí ach mar léiritheoir ceoil chomh maith.<ref name=":0">{{Lua idirlín|url=https://ccea.org.uk/downloads/docs/ccea-asset-im/Resource/Sin%C3%A9ad%20O%26%23039%3BConnor.pdf|teideal=Beatha le bua|údar=CEA / ccea.org.uk|dátarochtana=2023|archivedate=2024-06-19|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240619011337/https://ccea.org.uk/downloads/docs/ccea-asset-im/Resource/Sin%C3%A9ad%20O%26%23039%3BConnor.pdf}}</ref> Leoga, agus gan í ach fiche bliain d’aois, léirigh sí a céad albam ''The Lion and the Cobra''. Is léiriú ceart é ‘Troy’, an chéad singil a roghnaíodh as an albam sin, ar an drochbhail a tugadh uirthi le linn a hóige.<ref name=":2">{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.meoneile.ie/anailis/sinead-o-connor-phleasc-a-solas-frid-na-scamaill|teideal=Sinéad O’Connor - phléasc a solas fríd na scamaill < Meon Eile|údar=Michelle Nic Pháidín|dáta=31 Iúil 2023|language=ga-IE|work=www.meoneile.ie|dátarochtana=2024-03-03}}</ref> Bhain sí clú agus cáil amach a chéaduair leis an amhrán Mandinka i 1987 ón albam sin. D’éirigh go maith leis seo agus le halbaim eile a d’eisigh sí ina dhiaidh sin (féach uirthi in 1989 ar an [[The Late Late Show (RTÉ)|Late Late]]).<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.rte.ie/archives/2019/0203/1026732-sinead-oconnor-a-capella/|teideal="I am stretched on your grave"|údar=Sinéad O'Connor A Cappella|dáta=1989|language=en|work=RTÉ Archives|dátarochtana=2023-08-16}}</ref> Bhain an t-amhránaí clú idirnáisiúnta amach lena dara halbam, ''I Do Not Want What I Haven’t Got'', a seoladh in 1990 agus ar a raibh an leagan uathúil sin de ''Nothing Compares to U'' (amhrán de chuid [[Prince]]),<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title='Nothing Compares 2 U' {{!}} The Late Late Show {{!}} RTÉ One|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5KuGUP-C9Ko|language=en|author=Shuhada' Sadaqa|date=2019}}</ref> an t-amhrán is mó a tharraing aitheantas uirthi. Is ar a máthair a bhíodh sí ag smaoineamh agus í á cheol, a dúirt sí (maraíodh a máthair go tobann i dtimpiste bóthair in 1985). Is cinnte gur sin an chúis ar chaoin sí nuair a bhí siad ag scannánú an amhráin (blianta ina dhiaidh sin, dúirt sí gurbh iad a deora a tharraing daoine chuici ach nuair a bhí sí ag streachailt i ndáiríre is beag aird a bhí ag daoine uirthi).<ref name=":2" /> Bhí bua ar leith ag Sinéad maidir le liricí nach gcuireann aon fhiacail ann a chumadh.<ref>Sampla den scoth é curfá ‘The Value of Ignorance’: "All those nights with my arse in your face and your words in my dreams. Now I know what the value of ignorance means"</ref><ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://tuairisc.ie/sinead-oconnor-udar-splancfhicsin/|teideal=Sinéad O’Connor, údar splancfhicsin|údar=Alex Hijmans|dáta=10 Márta 2018|language=ga-IE|work=Tuairisc.ie|dátarochtana=2023-07-26}}</ref> Thaifead Sinéad deich n-albam stiúideo ar fad lena linn. Bhí sí ábalta aon chineál ceoil a chasadh – [[reggae]], pop, traidisiúnta, agus roc...<ref name=":0" /> [[Íomhá:Gualtieri Sicaminò - Chiesa di Santa Maria Annunziata - 2023-09-01 10-45-57 011.JPG|clé|mion|cuma timpeall 1993, "Chiesa di Santa Maria Annunziata" san Iodáil|293x293px]] === Gaeilge === Cé gur i mBéarla atá na hamhráin is mó cáil a chan Sinéad O’Connor, bhí dáimh ar leith aici leis an nGaeilge freisin.<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://nos.ie/cultur/ceol/na-hamhrain-ghaeilge-a-chan-sinead-oconnor/|teideal=Na hamhráin Ghaeilge a chan Sinéad O'Connor|údar=NÓS|dáta=2023-07-29|language=ga-IE|dátarochtana=2023-08-16|archivedate=2023-10-04|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20231004075739/https://nos.ie/cultur/ceol/na-hamhrain-ghaeilge-a-chan-sinead-oconnor/}}</ref> In 2002 d’eisigh Sinéad albam dar teideal ''Sean-Nós Nua'' ar a bhfuil dhá amhrán as Gaeilge mar atá [[Báidín Fheilimí]] agus [[Oró Sé do Bheatha 'Bhaile]]. Rinne sí seo le ‘claochlú, bás agus athbhreith an chultúir Ghaelaigh’ a léiriú, dar léi.<ref name=":0" /> Léirigh a fear céile ag an am, [[Donal Lunny]], cuid dá halbam ''Sean Nós Nua.''<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=http://www.beo.ie/alt-donal-lunny.aspx|teideal=Donal Lunny|údar=Éamonn Ó Dónaill|dáta=2002|language=ga-IE|work=Beo!|dátarochtana=2023-07-26}}</ref>Chomh maith leis sin, bhí ‘[[Mná na hÉireann]]’ agus ‘[[Róisín Dubh]]’ i measc na n-amhrán a bhí aici agus ar an gcéad albam uaithi, ''The Lion and the Cobra'', tá an t-amhránaí clúiteach [[Enya]] le cloisteáil ag rá Salm 91 ar an traic ‘Never Get Old’.[[Íomhá:Sinéad O’Connor (cropped).jpg|clé|mion|2008|253x253px]] == Beatha == Rugadh Sinéad O'Connor ar an 8ú lá de mhí na Nollag 1966 - lá Mhuire gan Smál<ref>Ba dheas mar sin gurbh í a bhí i ról na Maighdine Muire sa scannán The Butcher Boy.</ref> - i m[[Baile Átha Cliath]]. I n[[Gleann na gCaorach]] i ndeisceart an chontae a tógadh í. Bhí cúigear sa chlann. Ba í a máthair mhór Kitty O’Grady a bhí ina máthair bhaistí aici agus bhí dáimh láidir idir an bheirt bhan - is deas na cuimhní a bhí ag Sinéad ar bheith istigh i dteach Kitty ina hóige. Bhí saol beag corrach aici ina hóige agus saol crua aici ó mhí-úsáid ghnéis. Scar a tuismitheoirí nuair a bhí sí ocht mbliana d’aois agus bhí sí i dtrioblóid anois is arís ina dhiaidh sin. Mhaigh sí gur bhuail an mháthair í, gur fhulaing sí mí-úsáid ghnéis agus gur tógadh i dteach an uafáis í. B’iomaí sin uair, a dúirt Sinéad, gur thug a máthair drochbhail uirthi. Dúirt sí gur fhág a máthair ar feadh coicíse sa ghairdín í agus gan í ábalta dul isteach sa teach le titim na hoíche - is mar gheall air seo a bhí fuath aici ar an chlapsholas agus í ina duine fásta.<ref name=":2" /> Chuaigh sí le cónaí lena hathair nuair a bhí sí 10 mbliana d’aois. Ag an am seo, bhíodh Sinéad ag goid ó shiopaí. De bharr í a bheith ag goid, cuireadh isteach in ionad ceartúcháin an Ghrianáin í<ref>An "Grianán Training Centre "  i mBÁC agus Order of Our Lady of Charity i mbun</ref> nuair a bhí sí 15 bliain d'aois ar feadh 18 mhí.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Magdalene Laundries in Ireland|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Magdalene_Laundries_in_Ireland&oldid=1164315349|journal=Wikipedia|date=2023-07-08|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=agallamh|url=https://books.google.fr/books?id=GJ2P1hu6nToC&pg=PA54&dq=%22such+panic+and+terror+and+agony%22&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=%22such%20panic%20and%20terror%20and%20agony%22&f=false|publisher=|date=1990-04|language=en|author=SPIN Media LLC|journal="if you were bad, they sent you upstairs to sleep in the old folks' home. You're in there in the pitch black, you can smell the shit and the puke and everything, and these old women are moaning in their sleep ... I have never—and probably will never—experience such panic and terror and agony over anything."}}</ref> Bhíodh an t-ionad seo ina [[Árais máithreacha agus naíonán agus tithe Maigdiléana in Éirinn|neachtlann Magdalene]] lá den tsaol agus cé gur dhúirt Sinéad go raibh na mná rialta tíoránta uaireanta, is anseo a tugadh a céad ghiotár dí, rud a spreag í le dul i mbun gairme a chuirfeadh í ar stáitse an domhain. Ní raibh fuath aici ar a máthair áfach agus briseadh a croí nuair a maraíodh a máthair i dtimpiste bóthair in 1985.<ref name=":2" /> [[Íomhá:Sinéad O'Connor (9781906584) (cropped).jpg|clé|mion|Ramsbottom Music Festival, 2013.|327x327px]] [[Íomhá:FIL 2013 - Sinéad O'Connor 0693.JPG|clé|mion|330x330px|Festival interceltique de Lorient, le 10 août 2013.]] [[Íomhá:Photo - Festival de Cornouaille 2014 - Sinéad O’Connor en concert le 26 juillet - 015.jpg|clé|mion|2014|330x330px]][[Íomhá:Under a Purple Star (16716732879) (cropped).jpg|clé|mion|timpeall 2015<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Under a Purple Star|url=https://www.flickr.com/photos/mikecogh/16716732879/|date=2015-03-09|author=Michael Coghlan}}</ref>|293x293px]] [[Íomhá:Sinéad O'Connor Grave.jpg|clé|mion|293x293px|Reilig Ghráinseach an Déin]] === Gníomhaí === Bhí clú agus cáil uirthi mar ghníomhaí agus reibiliúnach. Bean dheisbhéalach ab ea Sinéad a labhair amach faoi ábhair éagsúla.<ref name="RTÉ" /> Thug Sinéad aghaidh ar ábhair nach raibh daoine eile sásta nó cróga go leor aghaidh a thabhairt orthu. Ní raibh aon chur i gcéill i gceist le Sinéad, ar eagla nach ndíolfaí a cuid ceoil.<ref name=":1" /> Ba chuimhin léi i dtús ama lucht bainistíochta ag iarraidh uirthi a cuid gruaige a fhás, smideadh a chur uirthi agus sciortaí gairide a chaitheamh, ach níor bhac sí leo.<ref name=":2" /> Ach bhí impleachtaí diúltacha agus dearfacha aige sin uirthi. * '''''Saturday Night Live'''.'' Labhair sí amach in aghaidh mí-úsáide san Eaglais Chaitliceach in Éirinn sna 1980/1990dí, agus labhair sí amach roimh daoine eile. Mar shampla, ar 3 D.F. 1993, agus amhrán dar teideal “War” á cheol aici i Meiriceá ar an chlár ''[[Saturday Night Live]]'', stróic sí grianghraf den [[Pápa Eoin Pól II|Phápa Eoin Pól II]]. Dúirt sí gur mar gheall ar an mhí-úsáid ghnéis a bhí ar siúl san Eaglais a rinne sí é. Tharraing an gníomh droch-chlú uirthi ach deirtear go minic anois go raibh sí chun tosaigh ar lucht a linne. * '''Mother Bernadette Mary'''. Agus í ar an [[The Late Late Show (RTÉ)|Late Late Show]] ar RTÉ ag deireadh na 1990í, dúirt Sinéad O'Connor gur mhian léi a bheith ina sagart [[Eaglais Chaitliceach Rómhánach|Caitliceach]] ach amháin nach raibh cead aici.<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.rte.ie/archives/2019/0329/1039381-female-priest-sinead-oconnor/|teideal=Female Priest Sinéad O'Connor|údar=Late LateShow|dáta=1999|language=en|work=RTÉ Archives|dátarochtana=2023-08-16}}</ref> Ach oirníodh ina sagart í le grúpa Caitliceach neamhspleách agus thug sí an t-ainm Mother Bernadette Mary uirthi féin.<ref name=":0" /> * '''Cráifeachas'''. Níor aontaigh Sinéad O'Connor leis an easpa sonais a bhí sa chreideamh Caitliceach, ach d'ainneoin sin, chuaigh sí chun na Fraince le bheith oirnithe ina sagart. Ghlac sí leis an Ioslam in 2018 agus d’athraigh sí a hainm go Shuhada' Sadaqat, ach choinnigh léi mar cheoltóir faoina hainm breithe. Ba Mhoslamach í fós ag an am a fuair sí bás. Chaith sí na blianta ag déanamh staidéar ar an diagacht agus bhí an-chuid eolais aici faoi. * Sa bhliain 1990 d’fhógair sí nach mbeadh sí sásta ceol i Meiriceá dá gcasfaí amhrán náisiúnta Mheiriceá roimh cheann dá cuid ceolchoirmeacha ansin. === Saol casta === Thug Sinéad aghaidh ar ábhair nach raibh daoine eile sásta nó cróga go leor aghaidh a thabhairt orthu agus bhí impleachtaí diúltacha agus dearfacha aige sin uirthi. Léirigh sí neart thar na bearta ach go háirithe agus í ag streachailt le galar intinne,<ref name=":1" /> Bhí Sinéad pósta roinnt babhtaí agus bhí ceathrar clainne aici. === Tragóid === Bhí Sinéad ag streachailt le fadhbanna meabhairshláinte le fada. Sa bhliain 2015, bhí coirmeacha ceoil ar fud mhór-roinn na hEorpa curtha ar ceal aici ar chomhairle dochtúra.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Seónna ar ceal ag Sinéad O'Connor spíonta|url=https://www.rte.ie/news/nuacht/2015/0722/716391-seo/|date=2015-07-22|language=ga-IE|author=Nuacht RTÉ}}</ref> Cailleadh duine den chlann, a mac Shane, go tragóideach sa bhliain 2022; chuir an t-ógánach (17) [[lámh ina bhás féin]].<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-12341453/Sinead-OConnors-heartbreaking-final-video-Stars-emotional-clip-toll-teenage-sons-suicide-took-posted-days-died-aged-56.html|teideal=Sinead O'Connor's clip about son's suicide posted days before death|údar=Katherine Lawton|dáta=2023-07-26|work=Mail Online|dátarochtana=2023-07-26}}</ref> An ceoltóir [[Donal Lunny]] ab ea a athair.<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/music/news/sinead-oconnor-shane-father-donal-lunny-b1989823.html|teideal=Sinead O’Connor sends moving message to son Shane’s father|dáta=2022-01-10|language=en|work=The Independent|dátarochtana=2023-07-26}}</ref> Thángthas ar chorp Shinéad O’Connor ina hárasán i Londain ar 26 Iúil 2023, in aois a sé bliana déag agus dhá scór.<ref name="IT" /><ref name="RTÉ" /> Fuair sí "bás le hadhairt", a dúirt an cróinéir ar an 9 Eanáir 2024, ach níor thug sé na sonraí beachta amach.<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.irishstar.com/culture/entertainment/sinad-oconnors-cause-death-confirmed-31841954|teideal=Sinéad O'Connor's cause of death confirmed by coroner after autopsy|údar=Fionnuala Boyle|dáta=2024-01-09|language=en|work=Irish Star|dátarochtana=2024-03-03}}</ref> Ar 8 Lúnasa, bhailigh na mílte daoine ar shráideanna Bhré, Contae Chill Mhantáin, chun Sinéad a chaoineadh. Tháinig an tsochraid fríd an bhaile tar éis seirbhís phríobháideach, a rinne Ard-Iomám Ionad Ioslamach na hÉireann, an Dr Umar Al-Qadri.<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://podcasts.apple.com/ca/podcast/12-l%C3%BAnasa-2023-d%C3%BAn-na-ngall/id1525428808?i=1000624240843|teideal=‎Nuacht Mhall: (Dún na nGall)|údar=Conradh na Gaeilge Londain|dáta=12 Lúnasa 2023|language=ga-IE|work=Apple Podcasts|dátarochtana=2023-08-16}}</ref> Stop an tsochraid lasmuigh den teach a mbíodh Sinéad O’Connor ina cónaí ar feadh 15 bliain.<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://tuairisc.ie/na-milte-cruinnithe-cois-cladaigh-i-mbre-le-slan-a-fhagail-le-sinead-oconnor/|teideal=Na mílte cruinnithe cois cladaigh i mBré le slán a fhágáil le Sinéad O’Connor|dáta=2023-08-08|language=ga-IE|work=Tuairisc.ie|dátarochtana=2023-08-16}}</ref> Bhí ceol Bob Marley agus a amhrán ‘Natural Mystic’ le cloisteáil ó veain a bhí ar cheann na sochraide. == Saothar == === Albaim === ==== Albaim Stiúideo ==== * ''[[The Lion and the Cobra]]'' (1987) * ''[[I Do Not Want What I Haven't Got]]'' (1990) * ''[[Am I Not Your Girl?]]'' (1992) * ''[[Universal Mother]]'' (1994) * ''[[Gospel Oak]]'' EP (1997) * ''[[So Far...The Best Of Sinéad O'Connor]]'' (1997) * ''[[Faith and Courage]]'' (2000) * ''[[Sean-Nós Nua]]'' (2002) * ''[[She Who Dwells in the Secret Place of the Most High Shall Abide Under the Shadow of the Almighty]]'' (2003) * ''[[Collaborations]]'' (2005) * ''[[Throw Down Your Arms]]'' (2005) (Bailiúchán dena leagan féin d'amhráin cáiliúla [[reggae]]) * ''[[Theology]] (2007) * ''[[How About I Be Me (And You Be You)?]]'' (2012) * ''[[I'm Not Bossy, I'm the Boss]]'' (2014) ==== Albaim Díolama ==== * ''[[So Far... The Best of Sinéad O'Connor]]'' (1997) * ''[[Sinéad O'Connor (Best Of)]]'' (2000 * ''[[She Who Dwells in the Secret Place of the Most High Shall Abide Under the Shadow of the Almighty]]'' (2003) * ''Collaborations'' (2005) * ''Essential'' (2005) ==== Albaim Beo ==== * ''[[Live at the Sugar Club]]'' (2008) ==== SLí ==== * ''[[Gospel Oak EP]]'' (1997) === Singlí === * "Troy" (1987) * "Drink Before the War" (1987) * "Mandinka" (1987) * "I Want Your (Hands on Me)" le [[MC Lyte]] (1988) * "Jerusalem" (1988) * "Jump in the River" (1989) * "Nothing Compares 2 U" (1990) * "The Emperor's New Clothes" (1990) * "Three Babies" (1990) * "I Am Stretched on Your Grave" (1990) * "My Special Child" (1991) * "Silent Night" (1991) * "Success Has Made a Failure of our Home" (1992) * "Don't Cry For Me, Argentina" (1992) * "You Made Me the Thief of Your Heart" le [[Gavin Friday]] (1994) * "Thank You For Hearing Me" (1994) * "Fire on Babylon" (1994) * "Famine"/"All Apologies" (1995) * "This is to Mother You" (1997) * "This is a Rebel Song" (1997) * "Chiquitita" (1998) * "No Man's Woman" (2000) * "Jealous" (2000) * "Troy (The Phoenix From the Flame)" (2002) * "[[Oró Sé do Bheatha 'Bhaile]]" (2002) * "My Lagan Love" (2002) * "A Hundred Thousand Angels" (2003) * "Marcus Garvey" (2005) * "Throw Down Your Arms" (2005) * "I Don't Know How to Love Him" (2007) * "We People (Who Are Darker Than Blue)" (2007) * "The Wolf is Getting Married" (2012) * "4th and Vine" (2013) * "Old Lady" (2013) * "Take Me To Church" (2014) * "8 Good Reasons" (2014) == Naisc sheachtracha == * [http://www.sinead-oconnor.com Suíomh oifigiúil] ** Ceolchoirm ''Sinéad O’Connor – Live at Vicar Stree''t ar RTÉ: taifeadadh beo in [[Vicar Street]] sa bhliain 2002, bhí banna ceoil Shinéid in éineacht léi don léiriú seo. Chas sí na hamhráin aitheanta Molly Malone, My Lagan Love, Nothing Compares 2 U agus Fire On Babylon ar an gclár.<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://about.rte.ie/ie/2023/07/27/rte-le-homos-a-thabhairt-do-shaol-shinead-oconnor-ar-an-teilifis-ar-an-raidio-agus-ar-line/|teideal=RTÉ le hómós a thabhairt do shaol Shinéad O’Connor ar an Teilifís, ar an Raidió agus ar Líne – About RTÉ|work=about.rte.ie|dátarochtana=2023-08-16}}</ref> * ''The Meaning of Life'' le Gay Byrne (2009). '''L'''abhair Sinéad O’Connor faoin tionchar a bhí ag an tógáil chráifeach a bhí aici ar a saol agus faoi theacht chun cinn a cuid spioradáltachta féin.<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.rte.ie/player/series/the-meaning-of-life-with-gay-byrne/SI0000001819?epguid=IH000239885|teideal=Meaning of Life|údar=Gay Byrne|dáta=2009|dátarochtana=2023}}</ref> * ''For One Night Only'' (2012) ar RTÉ. Ar an gclár seo thug Sinéad O’Connor Gay Byrne ar aistear ceoil a chuimsigh a gairm bheatha éagsúil. Labhair sí go hoscailte faoin gcaoi a raibh sí ag streachailt le dúlagar, lena creideamh, faoin áit ónar eascair a grá don cheol, faoina caidreamh lena máthair, faoin trioblóid a tarraingíodh uirthi mar gheall nach raibh faitíos uirthi labhairt amach srl.<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.rte.ie/player/series/for-one-night-only/SI0000000612?epguid=IH000279899|teideal=For One Night Only|údar=RTÉ Player|dáta=2012|dátarochtana=2023}}</ref> == Tagairtí == {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:O'Connor, Sinéad]}} [[Catagóir:Ceoltóirí Éireannacha]] [[Catagóir:Básanna in 2023]] [[Catagóir:Daoine as Baile Átha Cliath]] [[Catagóir:Daoine a rugadh i 1966]] [[Catagóir:Amhránaithe Éireannacha]] [[Catagóir:Mná déghnéasacha‎]] [[Catagóir:Mná Éireannacha]] [[Catagóir:Amhránaithe Gaeilge]] [[Catagóir:Sagairt]] [[Catagóir:Moslamaigh]] [[Catagóir:Daoine a cuireadh i Reilig Ghráinseach an Déin]] oze8nrck72s04dysln8zaypmc8ngr2a 0 9783 1321767 1306834 2026-07-26T23:03:00Z Taghdtaighde 60452 Cuid mhaith curtha leis 1321767 wikitext text/x-wiki {{WD Bosca Sonraí Duine}} Is scríbhneoir [[Éireannach]] agus foilsitheoir [[Gaeilge]] a rugadh in [[Inis Treabhair]] i g[[Ceantar na nOileán]], [[Conamara]] sa bhliain [[1962]] é '''Mícheál Ó Conghaile'''.<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://irishlitsoc.org/event/micheal-o-conghaile-30-april/|teideal=Micheál Ó Conghaile – 30 April|dáta=2018-01-16|language=en-GB|work=Irish Literary Society|dátarochtana=2024-10-24|archivedate=2025-01-23|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20250123111110/https://irishlitsoc.org/event/micheal-o-conghaile-30-april/}}</ref> Tá dintiúirí B.A. agus M.A. bainte amach aige ó [[Ollscoil na hÉireann, Gaillimh]].<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.universityofgalway.ie/about-us/news-and-events/news-archive/2013/october2013/autumn-conferrings-at-nui-galway.html|teideal=October 2013 - University of Galway|work=www.universityofgalway.ie|dátarochtana=2024-10-24}}</ref> Chuir sé tús leis an gcomhlacht foilsitheoireachta [[Cló Iar-Chonnachta]] sa bhliain [[1985]], a bhfuil litríocht agus ceol Chonamara mar phríomhtháirge aige. == Scríbhneoireacht == Is scríbhneoir cruthaitheach, staraí sóisialta agus nuálaí cultúir é Ó Conghaile i réimse na foilsitheoireachta liteartha agus ceoil. Tá an gearrscéal ''Athair'' dá chuid le fáil sa chnuasach ''[[Gearrscéalta an Chéid]]'' a chuir [[Gearóid Denvir]] agus [[Aisling Ní Dhonnchadha]] in eagar. Tá leabhair thaighde bunaithe ar a shaothar liteartha: ''Teanga don Tost'' le Seán Mac Risteaird (2024), ''An Chruinne Fhireann'' le Sorcha de Brún (2025), agus cnuasach aistí faoina shaol agus faoina shaothar, curtha in eagar ag Ciarán Mac Murchaidh agus Seán Mac Risteaird (2025). Chomh maith lena shaothar cruthaitheach liteartha féin, tá na drámaí ''The Beauty Queen of Leenane'', ''The Lonesome West'' agus an scannán Gaeilge ''Kings'' aistrithe aige; agus tá cnuasach gearrscéalta curtha in eagar aige do dhéagóirí. Aistríodh a chuid scríbhneoireachta go [[Rómainis]], [[Cróitis]], [[Albáinis]], [[Gearmáinis]] agus [[Béarla]]. == Gradaim == I measc na ngradam atá bainte amach aige tá Gradam Liteartha Butler ón Irish American Cultural Institute agus Gradam Liteartha Hennessy. Bhí sé ina scríbhneoir cónaithe ag Ollscoil na Banríona, Béal Feirste agus ag Ollscoil Uladh ó 1999 go dtí 2002. Is ball d'[[Aosdána]] é. == Leabhair == * ''Croch Suas É!'' (Gallimh, Cló Iar-Chonnachta, [[1998]]) Cnuasach amhrán * ''Croch Suas Aríst É!'' Cnuasach amhrán * ''Croch Suas Aríst Eile É!'' Cnuasach amhrán * ''Mac an tSagairt'' (Gallimh, Cló Iar-Chonnachta, [[1986]]) * ''Comhrá Caillí'', (Gallimh, Cló Iar-Chonnachta, [[1987]]) * ''Conamara agus Árainn 1880–1980: Gnéithe den stair shóisialta'', (Cló Iar-Chonnachta, [[1988]]) * ''An Fear a Phléasc'' (Cló Iar-Chonnachta, [[1997]]) * ''Sna Fir'' (Cló Iar-Chonnachta, [[1999]]) * ''Fís agus Teanga'' (Cló Iar-Chonnacht, [[1999]]) filíocht agus focail arna gcnuasach ag Pádraig Reaney agus Mícheál Ó Conghaile * ''Seachrán Jeaic Sheáin Johnny'' (Cló Iar-Chonnachta, [[2002]]) * ''An Fear nach nDéanann Gáire'' (Cló Iar-Chonnachta, [[2003]]) * ''Go dTaga do Ríocht, Boicíní Bhóthar Kilburn agus Cripil Inis Meáin'' (Cló Iar-Chonnachta, [[2009]]) trí dhráma, an chéad cheann le hÓ Conghaile, na cinn eile aistrithe aige ó bhundrámaí le Martin McDonagh agus Jimmy Murphy * ''The Colours of Man'' ([[2012]]) aistriúcháin go Béarla ar ghearrscéalta dá chuid * ''Leabhar Mór na nAmhrán'' (Cló Iar-Chonnachta, [[2013]]) Lochlainn Ó Tuairisg agus Peadar Ó Ceannabháin a chuir in eagar * ''Diabhlaíocht Dé'' (Cló Iar-Chonnachta, [[2015]]) cnuasach gearrscéalta * ''Leabhar Nua na nAmhrán'' (Cló Iar-Chonnacht, [[2017]]) amhráin a chum raidhse daoine le haghaidh [[Comórtas Cuimhneachán Sheáin Eoin Uí Shúilleabháin|Chomórtas Cuimhneachán Sheáin Eoin Uí Shúilleabháin]] * Laethanta Sona (Arlen House, [[2021]]) aistriúchán ar ''Happy Days'' le [[Samuel Beckett]] * ''Colourful Irish Phrases'' (as Béarla) (Cló Iar-Chonnachta, 2023) * ''Lámha Bána agus Dánta Eile'' (Arlen House, [[2024]]) cnuasach dánta * ''An Bhlaosc sa mBois'' (Cló Iar-Chonnachta, [[2025]]) * ''Ní Mise agus Drámaí Eile'' (Arlen House, [[2025]]) aistriúcháin ar thrí dhráma de chuid [[Samuel Beckett]]: ''Coiscéimeanna'', ''Luascaire'', agus ''Ní Mise'' == Drámaí == * ''Cúigear Chonamara''(Gallimh, An Taibhdhearc, [[2003]]) * ''The Connemara Five''<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://press.syr.edu/|teideal=Syracuse University Press|language=en-US|dátarochtana=2024-10-24}}</ref> aistrithe ag Úna Ní Chonchúir, [[2007]] == Tagairtí == {{reflist}} == Féach freisin == * [[Gearrscéal]] * [[Litríocht na Gaeilge]] {{DEFAULTSORT:Conghaile, Michael O}} [[Catagóir:Baill d'Aosdána]] [[Catagóir:Scríbhneoirí Éireannacha]] [[Catagóir:Scríbhneoirí Gaeilge]] [[Catagóir:Scríbhneoirí aeracha]] [[Catagóir:Úrscéalaithe Éireannacha]] [[Catagóir:Úrscéalaithe Gaeilge]] [[Catagóir:Úrscéalaithe]] [[Catagóir:Gearrscéalaithe Éireannacha]] [[Catagóir:Gearrscéalaithe]] [[Catagóir:Aistritheoirí Éireannacha]] [[Catagóir:Aistritheoirí Gaeilge]] [[Catagóir:Eagarthóirí Éireannacha]] [[Catagóir:Drámaíocht na Gaeilge]] [[Catagóir:Drámadóirí Éireannacha]] [[Catagóir:Filí Gaeilge]] [[Catagóir:Filí na hÉireann]] [[Catagóir:Foilsitheoirí Gaeilge]] [[Catagóir:Foilsitheoirí]] [[Catagóir:Fantaisíocht i nGaeilge]] [[Catagóir:Fantaisíocht Éireannach]] [[Catagóir:Scríbhneoirí ficsin thuairimigh]] [[Catagóir:Daoine LADT]] [[Catagóir:Cultúr LADT]] [[Catagóir:Stair lucht LADT in Éirinn]] [[Catagóir:Daoine as Contae na Gaillimhe]] 9d2tv07ja2r35zoavhubcv0awbjs5ao 0 12407 1321743 1319251 2026-07-26T22:06:53Z Modea69 35089 1321743 wikitext text/x-wiki {{WD Bosca Sonraí Duine}} [[Fealsamh]], [[scríbhneoir]] agus [[ceoltóir]] ab ea '''Jean-Jacques Rousseau''', ([[28 Meitheamh]], [[1712]] – [[2 Iúil]], [[1778]]). Rugadh sa n[[Geneva|Ginéiv]] é, agus fuair sé bás i n[[Ermenonville]] na [[An Fhrainc|Fraince]]. [[Íomhá:Social contract rousseau page.jpg|clé|mion|284x284px|Fén gConradh sóisialta; nó Prionsabail an Dlí pholaitiúil]] [[Íomhá:Décès Jean-Jacques Rousseau - Masque mortuaire (1778) (B).jpg|clé|mion|230x230px|masc mairbh]] == Smaoineamh == Bhí Rousseau ar dhuine de mhór-smaointeoirí [[An Eagnaíocht|na hEagnaíochta]], agus bhí tionchar nach beag ag téacsanna dá chuid ar [[Réabhlóid na Fraince]], ar an oideachas, ar an smaointeoireacht pholaitiúil, agus ar fhorbairt agus fhorás an [[Náisiúnachas]]. Is ag triall ar an [[Château de Vincennes]], [[caisleán]] atá suite tuairim is 6 km soir ó [[Páras|Pháras]], a bhí Rousseau sa bhliain 1749 nuair a bhuail taom inspioráide é.<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=http://www.beo.ie/alt-reifreann-ar-chearta-an-phaiste.aspx|teideal=Reifreann ar Chearta an Pháiste|údar=Vincent Morley|dáta=|language=ga|work=Beo!|dátarochtana=2020-07-02}}</ref> Bhí sé ar a bhealach chun cuairt a thabhairt ar [[Denis Diderot]], cara leis a bhí i mbraighdeanas sa chaisleán de bharr a chuid scríbhinní. Príomh-eagarthóir an ''Encyclopédie'' agus duine d’fhealsaimh mhóra na hEagnaíochta ba ea Diderot – fear a bhí ar a dhícheall ag iarraidh soiscéal na h[[Eolaíocht|eolaíochta]] agus an [[Réasúnú|réasúin]] a scaipeadh ar fud na Fraince agus na h[[An Eoraip|Eorpa]]. Ach thiontaigh Rousseau i dtreo eile ar fad tar éis an ''illumination de Vincennes'': is ar an nádúr seachas an eolaíocht, ar na mothúcháin seachas an réasún, a dhíreodh sé a aird feasta. Réamhtheachtaire an rómánsachais ba ea é ón lá sin amach. [[Íomhá:DOI Rousseau.jpg|clé|mion|177x177px|'Dioscúrsa faoi bhunús agus bhoinn an neamhionannais i measc na ndaoine']] Bhí Jean-Jacques Rousseau ar na céad smaointeoirí a raibh cur chuige páiste-lárnach aige; bhíodh cosaint dlite faoin fhéineachas don ghasúr fosta, dála an scéil.<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=http://www.beo.ie/alt-reifreann-ar-chearta-an-phaiste.aspx|teideal=Reifreann ar Chearta an Pháiste|údar=Ciarán Mac Aonghusa|dáta=|language=ga|work=Beo!|dátarochtana=2020-07-02}}</ref> [[Íomhá:Émile, ou, de l’Education - Jean Jacques Rousseau - 1782 -.jpg|clé|mion|177x177px|''Émile, nó Fén oideachas'']] == Saothar == Cé nárbh é Rousseau a chuir tús leis an n[[dírbheathaisnéis]] mar sheanrá, ba é ''Confessions'' ([[An Ghaeilge|Gaeilge]]: Coibhseana), leabhar a scríobh sé idir [[1765]] agus [[1770]] agus inar dhein sé cur síos ar ar an gcéad trí bliana is caoga dá shaol, a chuir tús leis an n[[dírbheathaisnéis]] comhaimseartha. Bhí a [[úrscéal]] ''Julie, ou la nouvelle Héloïse'' (Gaeilge: 'Julie, nó an Héloïse nua') ar cheann de mhór-úrscéalta an 18ú haois. Bhí an t-úrscéal seo an-tábhachtach ó thaobh luathfhorbairt an [[Rómánsachas|Rómánsachais]] de, agus bhí an-tionchar aige ar fhorbairt an [[Rómánsachas|Rómánsachais]] sa scéalaíocht go háirithe. [[Íomhá:Jean-Jacques Rousseau.gif|clé|mion|177x177px|Ar chlé: Rousseau i b[[pastal]] sa mbliain [[1753]]. Ba é [[Maurice Quentin de La Tour]] a dhein an pictiúr.]] I measc mór-shaothar eile de chuid Rousseau, d'fhéadfaí na saothair seo a leanas a lua: * ''Discours sur l'origine et les fondements de l'inégalité parmi les hommes'' (Gaeilge: 'Dioscúrsa faoi bhunús agus bhoinn an neamhionannais i measc na ndaoine') * ''Émile, ou De l'éducation'' (Gaeilge: Émile, nó Fén oideachas) * ''Du contrat social; ou Principes du droit politique'' (Gaeilge: Fén gConradh sóisialta; nó Prionsabail an Dlí pholaitiúil) === Ceol === Chuir Rousseau go mór leis an gceol ó thaobh theoiric an cheoil agus chumadh an cheoil de. Chum sé an ceoldrama ''Le Devin du village'' ''(Fear feasa an tstraidbhaile,'' 1752-53), céadléirithe i Fontainebleau os comhair an Rí (1752), agus i dTeach Ceoldráma Pháras sa bhliain 1753). Bhí an-rath ar an saothar gearr, mealltach, mothúchánach seo le linn shaolré Rousseau agus d'fhan sé i stór ceoil Theach Ceoldráma Pháras go dtí 1829. Lean sé conspóid fhada leis an gcumadóir agus teoiriceoir mór ceoldráma Francach Jean-Philippe Rameau (1683-1764). Ar feadh formhór a shaoil, d'áitigh Rousseau gurbh í an Iodáilis an t-aon teanga nua-aimseartha a bhí oiriúnach don cheoldráma. Tar éis theacht Christoph Willibald Gluck (1714-1787) go Páras sa bhliain 1774, áfach, d'admhaigh sé géineas Gluck agus ghlac sé go hindíreach le rogha an chumadóra teanga a lucht féachana sa Fhrainc a úsáid.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Rousseau contre Rameau : musique et nature dans les articles pour l'Encyclopédie et au-delà|url=https://www.persee.fr/doc/rde_0769-0886_1994_num_17_1_1272|journal=Recherches sur Diderot et sur l'Encyclopédie|date=1994|pages=133–148|volume=17|issue=1|doi=10.3406/rde.1994.1272|author=Michaël O'Dea}}</ref> == Saol == Bhuail [[Stróc|stroc]], is cosúil, é ar an 2 Iúil, 1778. == Féach freisin == * [[Ré na hEagnaíochta]] == Tagairtí == {{reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Rousseau, Jean-Jacques}} [[Catagóir:Fealsúna|Rousseau]] [[Catagóir:Daoine a rugadh i 1712|Rousseau]] [[Catagóir:Básanna i 1778|Rousseau]] [[Catagóir:Rómánsachas]] [[Catagóir:Réabhlóid na Fraince]] [[Catagóir:Ré na hEagnaíochta]] dfoktliwcjjf7k33fumig8jugjekocp 0 14096 1321765 1319747 2026-07-26T23:02:36Z Taghdtaighde 60452 Sciorradh cló 1321765 wikitext text/x-wiki {{WD Bosca Sonraí Duine |imatge=Íomhá:Tomás-Mac-Síomóin-.jpeg }} Scríbhneoir agus eolaí ba ea '''Tomás Mac Síomóin''' (1938–[[17 Feabhra]] [[2022]]), "a raibh cur chuige sainiúil aige agus a threabh a ghort féin beag beann ar fhaisin na linne".<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://tuairisc.ie/na-gaeil-a-dimigh-ar-shli-na-firinne-in-2022/|teideal=Na Gaeil a d’imigh ar shlí na fírinne in 2022…|language=ga-IE|work=Tuairisc.ie|dátarochtana=2022-12-31}}</ref> Foilsíodh ceithre leabhar [[filíocht]]a dá chuid, maille le [[gearrscéal]]ta, [[Filíocht|dánta]] scoite agus altanna [[iriseoireacht]]a agus critice i n[[Gaeilge]], i m[[Béarla]] agus i [[Spáinnis]] foilsithe thall agus abhus. Aistríodh dánta dá chuid go [[An tSoirbis|Sorbais]], [[Gearmáinis]], [[An Rúisis|Rúisis]], [[Béarla]] agus [[Spáinnis]].<ref name=":0">[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p1sRwQUdNPM Agallamh le Tomás Mac Síomóin, 2010] ar [[Youtube]]</ref><ref name=":1">{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Tomás Mac Siomóin, údar agus file, tar éis bháís|url=https://www.rte.ie/news/nuacht/2022/0218/1281725-tomas-mac-siomoin-udar-agus-file-tar-eis-bhais/|date=2022-02-18|language=ga|author=Nuacht RTÉ}}</ref><ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://socialistvoice.ie/2022/03/tomas-mac-siomoin-1938-2022/|teideal=Tomás Mac Síomóin (1938-2022)|údar=Mícheál Mac Aonghusa|dáta=2022-03-03|language=en-GB|work=Socialist Voice|dátarochtana=2022-12-25}}</ref> == Saol == Rugadh Tomás Mac Síomóin i m[[Baile Átha Cliath]] sa bhliain [[1938]]. Bhí sé ar scoil ag na Bráithre i [[Sraith an Iarthair]].<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Na Grása agus Dánta Eile|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/25572160|journal=Comhar|date=1993|issn=0010-2369|pages=25|volume=52|issue=7|doi=10.2307/25572160|author=Gabriel Rosenstock, Seán Hutton}}</ref> Bhain sé céim amach san [[eolaíocht]] i [[An Coláiste Ollscoile, Baile Átha Cliath|gColáiste na hOllscoile, Baile Átha Cliath]]. [[Bitheolaíocht|Bitheolaí]] gairmiúil ba ea é, a bhí ina léachtóir ar feadh tamaill i g[[Corcaigh]] agus i n[[Gaillimh]]. Chaith sé seal ag plé le [[taighde]] [[víreas]]eolaíochta san [[Ísiltíris|Ollainn]] agus sna [[SAM|Stáit Aontaithe]]. Bhí Dochtúireacht aige ó [[Ollscoil Cornell]], Nua-Eabhrac. Bhí sé ina léachtóir [[bitheolaíocht]]a sa Choláiste Réigiúnach Shligigh, agus in [[Institiúid Teicneolaíochta Bhaile Átha Cliath|Institiúid Theicneolaíochta Bhaile Átha Cliath]], Sráid Chaoimhín, sula ndeachaigh sé go lánaimseartha le [[scríbhneoir]]eacht. Bhí sé ina eagarthóir ar an nuachtán ''[[Anois]]'' sna nóchaidí agus ar an irisleabhar ''[[Comhar]]'' ó 1988 go dtí 1995.<ref name=":1" /> Bhí ról lárnach aige san Fheachtas Náisiúnta Teilifíse as ar eascair [[Teilifís na Gaeilge]].<ref name=":2">{{Lua idirlín|url=https://tuairisc.ie/tomas-mac-siomoin-scribhneoir-smaointeoir-agus-soisialach-tar-eis-bhais/|teideal=Tomás Mac Síomóin, scríbhneoir, smaointeoir agus sóisialach, tar éis bháis|dáta=18 Feabhra 2022|language=ga-IE|work=Tuairisc.ie|dátarochtana=2022-02-18}}</ref> Bhí cónaí air sa [[Catalóin|Chatalóin]] ó na 1990idí ar aghaidh. Ba mhinic é ina thráchtaire agus ina thuairisceoir ar chúrsaí na Spáinne agus na [[An Chatalóin|Catalóine]] ar na meáin Ghaeilge, idir chlóite agus chraolta.<ref name=":1" /> Bhí sé pósta agus bhí ceathrar clainne air. Bhásaigh Tomás Mac Síomóin in [[València (cathair)|València]] ar 17 Feabhra 2022. [[Íomhá:An Tionscadal Tomas Mac Siomoin.jpg|mion]] == Saothar == Foilsíodh dánta dá chuid ar ''[[Comhar]]'', ''[[Feasta]]'', ''[[Innti]]'', ''[[Lugh|Lug]]'', agus ar ''[[The Lace Curtain]]''.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Na Grása agus Dánta Eile|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/25572160|journal=Comhar|date=1993|issn=0010-2369|pages=25|volume=52|issue=7|doi=10.2307/25572160|author=Gabriel Rosenstock, Seán Hutton}}</ref> Bhí cnuasaigh filíochta, [[Gearrscéal|gearrscéalta]] agus [[úrscéal]]<nowiki/>ta scríofa aige, chomh maith le h[[Aistriúchán|aistriúcháin]] ón [[An Spáinnis|Spáinnis]] déanta aige ar shaothair mhóra as an g[[An Chatalóin|Catalóin]] agus as [[Meiriceá Láir]].<ref name=":1" /> Leis an bhfilíocht a chuaigh sé i dtosach agus foilsíodh ceithre chnuasach filíochta leis sular thug sé faoin bprós, ''Scian'' (1991), ''Cré agus Cláirseach'' (1983), ''Codarsnaí'' (1981) agus ''Damhna agus Dánta eile'' (1974).<ref name=":2" /> Bhain sé duais ar ghearrscéalaíocht ag Oireachtas na bliana 1974 - an chéad uair, b'fhéidir, a bhuaigh dán duais mar ghearrscéal.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Na Grása agus Dánta Eile|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/25572160|journal=Comhar|date=1993|issn=0010-2369|pages=25|volume=52|issue=7|doi=10.2307/25572160|author=Gabriel Rosenstock, Seán Hutton}}</ref> I measc na n-úrscéalta a chum sé bhí ''An bhfuil Stacey ag iompar?'' (2011), ''Ag Altóir an Diabhail'' (2003), ''Ceallaigh'' (2009), a scríobhadh i gCúba, agus ''An Tionscadal'' (2007),<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.omahonys.ie/an-tionscadal-p-10494876.html|teideal=An Tionscadal - Tomas Mac Siomoin - 9786500009743|work=www.omahonys.ie|dátarochtana=2022-12-25}}</ref> a bhuaigh príomhdhuais liteartha an Oireachtais. Bhuaigh sé duaiseanna liteartha an [[Oireachtas na Gaeilge|Oireachtais]] faoi dhó. Bhuaigh a chnuasach ''Cín Lae Seangáin agus Scéalta Eile'' príomhdhuais an Oireachtais don ghearrscéalaíocht. Bhain úrscéal dá chuid, ''An Tionscadal'', príomhdhuais liteartha an [[Oireachtas na Gaeilge|Oireachtais]] [[2006]]. === Cúrsaí sóisialta === Bhreac sé a smaointe i leith cúrsaí sóisialta agus cultúrtha i gcúig leabhrán a foilsíodh idir 2004 agus 2006. Rinne sé cuid de na téamaí ab ansa leis a chíoradh sna leabhráin sin, stádas paradacsúil na Gaeilge, dán na teanga, an poblachtánachas agus duáilcí an nualiobrálachais.<ref name=":2" /> Phléigh sé lorg an choilíneachais ar mhuintir na hÉireann agus ceisteanna cultúrtha, féiniúlachta agus cumhachta i saothair neamhfhicsin eile amhail ''The Broken Harp: Identity and Language in Modern Ireland'' (2014) agus ''The Gael becomes Irish: An Unfinished Odyssey'' (2020). == Foilseacháin == === Filíocht === * ''Scian'' ([[Sáirséal Ó Marcaigh]], 1991) * ''Cré agus cláirseach'' (Sáirséal Ó Marcaigh, 1983) * ''Codarsnaí'' ([[Clódhanna Teoranta|Clódhanna Teo.]], 1981) * ''Damhna agus Dánta eile'' ([[Sáirséal agus Dill|Sáirséal & Dill]], 1974) I gcruth véarsaí, mar chluiche príobháideach, a léiríodh Tomás Mac Síomóin a choimhlintí pearsanta i gcónaí. Sna Stáit Aontaithe ba chrua an choimhlint agus is ansin, idir 1965 agus 1969, a cumadh an chuid is mó de na dánta seo. Eisceacht é an dán fada 'Damhna." I g[[Corcaigh]] agus i m[[Baile an Sceilg]], 1969-70, a cumadh é seo. Scagadh atá ann ar an ngníomh fileata. Bíonn iarracht den fhéinghlanadh ag baint le cleachtadh na filíochta, a deir an t-údar. Ais é chun cuid de thaibhsí na hóige a dhíbirt.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Na Grása agus Dánta Eile|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/25572160|journal=Comhar|date=1993|issn=0010-2369|pages=25|volume=52|issue=7|doi=10.2307/25572160|author=Gabriel Rosenstock, Seán Hutton}}</ref> === Gearrscéalta === * ''Cín Lae Seangáin agus Scéalta eile'' ([[Coiscéim]], 2005) === Úrscéalta === * ''In inmhe'' (Coiscéim, 2004) * ''Ag altóir an diabhail: striptease spioradálta Bheartla B'' (Coiscéim, 2003) * ''An Tionscadal'' (Duais-úrscéal Oireachtas na Gaeilge 2006)<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=http://www.comhar-iris.ie/CartlannUdar.aspx?Udar=33|teideal=Cartlann Comhar: Tomás Mac Síomóin|údar=Sliocht as an saothar a ghnóthaigh duais Oireachtas na Gaeilge don úrscéal 2006.|dáta=2007-09-27|work=web.archive.org|dátarochtana=2022-02-18|archivedate=2007-09-27|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927130703/http://www.comhar-iris.ie/CartlannUdar.aspx?Udar=33}}</ref><ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=http://www.ionad.org/imeachtai/coisceim/index.htm|teideal=An Tionscadal|údar=Coise Life|work=web.archive.org|dátarochtana=2022-02-18|archivedate=2016-03-04|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304233831/http://www.ionad.org/imeachtai/coisceim/index.htm}}</ref> === Paimfléid === * ''Ó Mhársa go Magla: straitéis nua don Ghaeilge'' (Coiscéim, 2006) * ''Ceachtanna ón gCatalóin: teanga i ngleic le nualiobrálachas'' (Coiscéim, 2005) * ''Tuairisc ón bPluais: poblachtánachas agus litríocht in aois na scáth'' (Coiscéim, 2004) === Aistí === * "Macallaí na Cásca, 1916: Leath-réabhlóid Paradacsa ait na Gaeilge" (Coiscéim, 2006) * "Ceachtanna ón gCatalóin ː Teanga i nGleic le Nualiobrálachas", ''[[Feasta]]'' - Meitheamh 2006 === Aistriúcháin === * ''Na cathracha caillte'' (Coiscéim, 2004), aistriúcháin ar dánta Spáinnise [[Ernesto Cardenal]] <small>[<nowiki/>[[:es:Ernesto_Cardenal|es]]]</small> * ''Selected poems /Tacar dánta'' (Goldsmith Press, 1984), cnuasach dhátheangach de dhánta [[Máirtín Ó Direáin|Mháirtín Uí Dhireáin]] roghnaithe agus aistrithe go Béarla i gcomhar le Douglas Sealy. * ''Mo Chroí san Afraic'' ([[An Gúm]], 2002), aistriúcháin ''El meu cor es diu Africa'', (Victor Mora <small>[<nowiki/>[[:es:Víctor_Manuel_Mora|es]]]</small>), in éineacht le Carl Mac Gabhann Aistríodh saothair le Mac Síomóin féin go teangacha éagsúla, ina measc an Béarla, an Spáinnis agus an [[An Chatalóinis|Chatalóinis]]. === Saothair i dteangacha eile === * Dánta i ''An Crann Faoi Bhláth-The Flowering Tree'' (Eag: Declan Kiberd agus Gabriel Fitzmaurice), Wolfhound, B.Á.C. 1991. * ''Das zweimaleins des Steins-Poesie aus Irland''. Die horen. [[Bremerhaven]]. 1998 (filíocht) * Einsamkeit in Erkundungen-30 irische Erzähler. Verlag Volk und Welt. [[Beirlín]]. 1979. (gearrscéal) == Naisc Sheachtracha == *Tomás Mac Síomóin (1938-2022) ''Socialist Voice''. [https://socialistvoice.ie/2022/03/tomas-mac-siomoin-1938-2022/] * [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p1sRwQUdNPM Agallamh le Tomás Mac Síomóin, 2010] ar [[Youtube]] * [http://www.revistadegirona.cat/rdg/recursos/2015/0290_054.pdf Agallamh] Tomás Mac Síomóin, un "patrici" irlandès a Sant Feliu. ''Revista de Girona'' 290/2015 (sa Chatalóinis) == Tagairtí == {{reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Siomoin, Tomas Mac}} [[Catagóir:Bitheolaithe Éireannacha]] [[Catagóir:Léachtóirí Éireannacha]] [[Catagóir:Scríbhneoirí Éireannacha]] [[Catagóir:Scríbhneoirí Gaeilge]] [[Catagóir:Filí Gaeilge]] [[Catagóir:Filí na hÉireann]] [[Catagóir:Gearrscéalaithe]] [[Catagóir:Aistritheoirí Éireannacha]] [[Catagóir:Aistritheoirí Gaeilge]] [[Catagóir:Scríbhneoirí ficsin thuairimigh]] [[Catagóir:Ficsean eolaíochta i nGaeilge]] [[Catagóir:Ficsean eolaíochta Éireannach]] [[Catagóir:Ficsean eolaíochta]] [[Catagóir:Ficsean stairiúil na Gaeilge]] [[Catagóir:Ficsean stairiúil]] [[Catagóir:Ficsean tuairimeach i nGaeilge]] [[Catagóir:Ficsean tuairimeach Éireannach]] [[Catagóir:Daoine as Baile Átha Cliath]] [[Catagóir:Daoine a rugadh i 1938]] [[Catagóir:Daoine Catalónacha]] [[Catagóir:An Chatalóin]] [[Catagóir:Básanna in 2022]] [[Catagóir:Alumni COBÁC]] [[Catagóir:Eagarthóirí Éireannacha]] [[Catagóir:20ú haois in Éirinn]] [[Catagóir:iar-eagarthóirí ar iar-nuachtáin Ghaeilge]] [[Catagóir:Gníomhaithe Gaeilge]] [[Catagóir:Iriseoirí Gaeilge]] c49t84b07acckd2fhjkjvhaogp5pm0m 0 19905 1321766 1321475 2026-07-26T23:02:48Z Taghdtaighde 60452 Catagóirí curtha leis 1321766 wikitext text/x-wiki {{WD Bosca Sonraí Duine}} Is scríbhneoir agus ceoltóir í '''Orna Ní Choileáin'''. Rinne [[Éilís Ní Dhuibhne|Éilis Ní Dhuibhne]] a cuid oibre a mheas i 2006/2007 faoi Scéim na n-Oidí Bord na Leabhar Gaeilge.<ref>{{Lua idirlín |url=http://www.leabhar.ie/Tuarascail_Bhliantuil_2006.pdf |teideal=Cóip cartlainne |dátarochtana=2009-01-14 |archivedate=2010-03-31 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100331213005/http://www.leabhar.ie/Tuarascail_Bhliantuil_2006.pdf }}</ref> Tá dhá chnuasach gearrscéalta léi foilsithe go dtí seo: ''Canary Wharf'' (2009) agus ''Sciorrann an tAm'' (2014). Bhí ''Sciorrann an tAm'' ar an ngearrliosta do Leabhar na Bliana, [[Gradam Uí Shúilleabháin]] in 2014. D'fhoilsigh [[Cois Life]] an chéad úrscéal sa tsraith [[Súmaire fola|vaimpírí]] (''Ailfí agus an vaimpír'') in 2012. Ó shin, foilsíodh trí scéal eile sa tsraith chéanna: ''Vaimpír san áiléar'' (2013), ''I measc vaimpírí'' (2015) agus ''Greim na vaimpíre'' (2017).<ref>http://www.coislife.ie/udar/55/orna-ni-choileain {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161214065606/http://www.coislife.ie/udar/55/orna-ni-choileain |date=2016-12-14 }} and http://coislife.ie/index2.htm {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081204101239/http://coislife.ie/index2.htm |date=2008-12-04 }}</ref> D'fhoilsigh [[An Gúm]] úrscéal eile dá cuid, ''Morf'', sa bhliain 2016.<ref>http://tuairisc.ie/fiseanleirmheas-ar-morf-le-horna-ni-choileain/</ref> Fuair sí aitheantas ón [[Oireachtas na Gaeilge|Oireachtas]] as ucht a cuid oibre i 2007, 2008, 2014 agus 2016.<ref>{{Lua idirlín |url=http://www.antoireachtas.ie/staging_007/index.php?page=buaiteoiri&tid=5&sid=12 |teideal=Cóip cartlainne |dátarochtana=2009-01-14 |archivedate=2009-02-20 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090220174423/http://www.antoireachtas.ie/staging_007/index.php?page=buaiteoiri&tid=5&sid=12 }}</ref> Rinneadh léirmheas ar a saothar san ''[[Irish Times]]''.<ref>http://www.irishtimes.com/newspaper/anteangabheo/2009/0114/1231738221694.html</ref> == Tagairtí == {{reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Coileain, Orna Ni}} [[Catagóir:Scríbhneoirí Éireannacha]] [[Catagóir:Scríbhneoirí Gaeilge]] [[Catagóir:Úrscéalaithe Éireannacha]] [[Catagóir:Úrscéalaithe Gaeilge]] [[Catagóir:Fantaisíocht i nGaeilge]] [[Catagóir:Fantaisíocht Éireannach]] [[Catagóir:Ficsean eolaíochta i nGaeilge]] [[Catagóir:Ficsean eolaíochta Éireannach]] [[Catagóir:Scríbhneoirí ficsin thuairimigh]] [[Catagóir:Scríbhneoirí do pháistí]] [[Catagóir:Daoine as Contae Chorcaí]] [[Catagóir:Mná Éireannacha]] [[Catagóir:Daoine beo]] nfqjflpaxctylz511xrstq1zzopyiat 0 21189 1321791 1321496 2026-07-27T07:42:54Z ListeriaBot 25319 Wikidata list updated [V2] 1321791 wikitext text/x-wiki {{WD Bosca Sonraí Grúpa Daonna}} Tá 6.38 mhilliún '''duine in Éirinn''' (Gaeilge: ''Muintir na hÉireann'', ''na hÉireannaigh'', ''na Gaeil'') (Béarla: ''The People of Ireland'') (Ultais: ''Tha fowk o Airlann''). Is de bhunadh [[Na Ceiltigh|Ceilteach]] an chuid is mó den daonra, a tháinig i dtír ó mhór-roinn na [[An Eoraip|hEorpa]] thar na cianta. Bhí cuid mhaith inimirce, freisin, ó am go ham ó thíortha eile, go háirithe as [[Alba]], agus ar bhonn níos lú, as [[Sasana]]. Is [[Caitliceachas|Caitlicigh]] formhór (os cionn 70%) an daonra. Is [[Protastúnachas|Protastúnaigh]] formhór na coda eile, beagán níos mó ná leath na ndaoine in [[Cúige Uladh|Ulaidh]], agus iad roinnte idir eaglaisí éagsúla, go háirithe [[Preispitéireachas|Preispitéirigh]] agus Anglacaigh (a bhaineann le h[[Eaglais na hÉireann]]. Féach ar an alt [[Creideamh in Éirinn]] le tuilleadh sonraí). {{Wikidata list |sparql=SELECT ?item ?yob ?yod WHERE { ?item wdt:P19 ?pob . ?pob wdt:P131* wd:Q27. OPTIONAL { ?item wdt:P569 ?dob. BIND(YEAR(?dob) as ?yob) } OPTIONAL { ?item wdt:P570 ?dod. BIND(YEAR(?dod) as ?yod) } . } |wdq=. |sort=569 |section=31 |links=local |columns=number:#,P18,label:nome,P569,P570,P19 }} == duine == {| class='wikitable sortable' ! # ! íomhá ! nome ! dáta breithe ! dáta báis ! áit bhreithe |- | style='text-align:right'| 1 | [[Íomhá:Thomas FitzGerald, 10th Earl of Kildare.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Tomás Mac Gearailt, 10ú hIarla Chill Dara|Tomás Mac Gearailt]] | data-sort-value="1513" | 1513 | data-sort-value="1537" | 1537 | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éire]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2 | [[Íomhá:Enniscorthy St. Aidan's Cathedral East Aisle Fifth Window Saint Aidan Detail 2009 09 28.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Naomh Aodhán (Maodhóg)]] | data-sort-value="550" | 6th century | data-sort-value="627" | 627 | [[Contae an Chabháin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 3 | [[Íomhá:William Stokes (1804 - 1878).jpg|center|128px]] | [[William Stokes]] | data-sort-value="1804" | 1804-10-01 | data-sort-value="1878" | 1878-01-10 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 4 | [[Íomhá:BrotherWalfrid(AndrewKerins).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Andrew Kerins]] | data-sort-value="1840" | 1840-05-18 | data-sort-value="1915" | 1915-04-17 | [[Contae Shligigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 5 | [[Íomhá:PadraicColum.jpeg|center|128px]] | [[Padraic Colum]] | data-sort-value="1881" | 1881-12-08 | data-sort-value="1972" | 1972-01-11 | [[Contae an Longfoirt]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 6 | [[Íomhá:Eileen Desmond 1981 02.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Eileen Desmond]] | data-sort-value="1932" | 1932-12-29 | data-sort-value="2005" | 2005-01-06 | [[Cionn tSáile]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 7 | | [[Josephine Hart]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-03-01 | data-sort-value="2011" | 2011-06-02 | [[An Muileann gCearr]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 8 | | [[Dónal McCann]] | data-sort-value="1943" | 1943-05-07 | data-sort-value="1999" | 1999-07-17 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 9 | [[Íomhá:Dan O'Herlihy 1955.JPG|center|128px]] | [[Dan O'Herlihy]] | data-sort-value="1919" | 1919-05-01 | data-sort-value="2005" | 2005-02-17 | [[Loch Garman]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 10 | [[Íomhá:Portrait of Theobald Wolfe Tone (4672711).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Theobald Wolfe Tone]] | data-sort-value="1763" | 1763-06-20 | data-sort-value="1798" | 1798-11-19 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 11 | [[Íomhá:Eileen Gray.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Eileen Gray]] | data-sort-value="1878" | 1878-08-08<br/>1879 | data-sort-value="1976" | 1976-10-31 | [[Inis Córthaidh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 12 | [[Íomhá:Kate O'Brien, 1926.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Cáit Ní Bhriain]] | data-sort-value="1897" | 1897-12-03 | data-sort-value="1974" | 1974-08-13 | [[Luimneach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 13 | [[Íomhá:Portrait of Nora Joyce (Mrs. James Joyce) 1926–1927 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Nora Barnacle]] | data-sort-value="1884" | 1884-03-21 | data-sort-value="1951" | 1951-04-10 | [[Gaillimh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 14 | [[Íomhá:Catherine Hayes.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Catherine Hayes]] | data-sort-value="1818" | 1818-10-29<br/>1825 | data-sort-value="1861" | 1861-08-11 | [[Luimneach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 15 | [[Íomhá:Frank Cluskey, 1981 01 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Frank Cluskey]] | data-sort-value="1930" | 1930-04-08 | data-sort-value="1989" | 1989-05-07 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 16 | [[Íomhá:Padraig Faulkner, 1980 (cropped).png|center|128px]] | [[Pádraig Faulkner]] | data-sort-value="1918" | 1918-03-12 | data-sort-value="2012" | 2012-06-01 | [[Dún Dealgan]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 17 | | [[John O'Connell (Baile Átha Cliath)|John O'Connell]] | data-sort-value="1927" | 1927-01-20 | data-sort-value="2013" | 2013-03-08 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 18 | [[Íomhá:Tony O'Reilly 1959.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Tony O'Reilly]] | data-sort-value="1936" | 1936-05-07 | data-sort-value="2024" | 2024-05-18 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 19 | [[Íomhá:Arthur Guinness.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Arthur Guinness]] | data-sort-value="1725" | 1725 | data-sort-value="1803" | 1803-01-23 | [[Cill Droichid]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 20 | [[Íomhá:George Noble Plunkett, circa 1915.jpg|center|128px]] | [[George Noble Plunkett|An Cunta Pluincéad]] | data-sort-value="1851" | 1851-12-03 | data-sort-value="1948" | 1948-03-12 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 21 | [[Íomhá:Michael O'Leary, September 1979 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Michael O'Leary (Aire)|Michael O'Leary]] | data-sort-value="1936" | 1936-05-08 | data-sort-value="2006" | 2006-05-11 | [[Corcaigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 22 | [[Íomhá:Justin Keating 1973 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Justin Keating]] | data-sort-value="1930" | 1930-01-07 | data-sort-value="2009" | 2009-12-31 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 23 | | [[Breandán Ó hEithir]] | data-sort-value="1930" | 1930-01-18 | data-sort-value="1990" | 1990-10-26 | [[Gaillimh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 24 | [[Íomhá:Tomás Mac Giolla.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Tomás Mac Giolla]] | data-sort-value="1924" | 1924-01-25 | data-sort-value="2010" | 2010-02-04 | [[An tAonach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 25 | [[Íomhá:James Dillon circa 1930s.jpg|center|128px]] | [[James Dillon|Séamus Diolún]] | data-sort-value="1902" | 1902-09-26 | data-sort-value="1986" | 1986-02-10 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 26 | [[Íomhá:Portrait of Sir Richard John Griffith, 1st Bt. (by Stephen Catterson Smith).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Richard Griffith]] | data-sort-value="1784" | 1784-09-20 | data-sort-value="1878" | 1878-09-22 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 27 | [[Íomhá:Edward Hincks.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Edward Hincks]] | data-sort-value="1792" | 1792-08-19 | data-sort-value="1866" | 1866-12-03 | [[Corcaigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 28 | | [[Alice Kyteler]] | data-sort-value="1263" | 1263 | No/unknown value | [[Cill Chainnigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 29 | [[Íomhá:Sir Phelim O’Neill.png|center|128px]] | [[Féilim Ó Néill]] | data-sort-value="1603" | 1603 | data-sort-value="1653" | 1653<br/>1652-03-10 | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éire]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 30 | [[Íomhá:Maurice O'Connor.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Toirdhealbhach Ó Cearbhalláin]] | data-sort-value="1670" | 1670 | data-sort-value="1738" | 1738-03-25 | [[Contae na Mí]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 31 | [[Íomhá:Lawrence Parsons.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Laurence Parsons]] | data-sort-value="1840" | 1840-11-17 | data-sort-value="1908" | 1908-08-29 | [[Biorra]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 32 | [[Íomhá:1stEarlOfIveagh.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Edward Cecil Guinness]] | data-sort-value="1847" | 1847-11-10 | data-sort-value="1927" | 1927-10-07 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 33 | [[Íomhá:Portrait of Patrick Sarsfield, Earl of Lucan NGI.4328.PNG|center|128px]] | [[Pádraig Sáirséal]] | data-sort-value="1655" | 1655 | data-sort-value="1693" | 1693-08-21 | [[Leamhcán]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 34 | [[Íomhá:Feargus Edward O'Connor-crop.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Feargus O'Connor]] | data-sort-value="1794" | 1794-07-18 | data-sort-value="1855" | 1855-08-30<br/>1855-08-31 | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éire]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 35 | [[Íomhá:Arthur Griffith (1871-1922).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Art Ó Gríofa]] | data-sort-value="1872" | 1872-03-31 | data-sort-value="1922" | 1922-08-12 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 36 | [[Íomhá:Richard Sheridan.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Richard Brinsley Sheridan]] | data-sort-value="1751" | 1751-10-30 | data-sort-value="1816" | 1816-07-07 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 37 | [[Íomhá:John Tyndall portrait mid career.jpg|center|128px]] | [[John Tyndall]] | data-sort-value="1820" | 1820-08-02 | data-sort-value="1893" | 1893-12-04 | [[Contae Cheatharlach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 38 | [[Íomhá:Ronnie drew 2004.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Ronnie Drew]] | data-sort-value="1934" | 1934-09-16 | data-sort-value="2008" | 2008-08-16 | [[Dún Laoghaire]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 39 | [[Íomhá:Gerald Fitzgerald 9th Earl of Kildare 2.JPG|center|128px]] | [[Gearóid Óg Mac Gearailt]] | data-sort-value="1487" | 1487 | data-sort-value="1534" | 1534-09-02 | [[Maigh Nuad]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 40 | [[Íomhá:Ray-Sachs-Ivor-Robinson-Art-Komar-and-John-Lighton-Synge-Jablonna-1962-Photo.png|center|128px]] | [[John Lighton Synge]] | data-sort-value="1897" | 1897-03-23 | data-sort-value="1995" | 1995-03-30 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 41 | [[Íomhá:Charles Villiers Stanford c1894bw.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Charles Villiers Stanford]] | data-sort-value="1852" | 1852-09-30 | data-sort-value="1924" | 1924-03-29 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 42 | [[Íomhá:Statua di Luke Kelly.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Luke Kelly]] | data-sort-value="1940" | 1940-11-17 | data-sort-value="1984" | 1984-01-30 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 43 | [[Íomhá:Liam O'Flaherty.jpeg|center|128px]] | [[Liam Ó Flaithearta]] | data-sort-value="1896" | 1896-08-28<br/>1896-04-28<br/>1897-04-19 | data-sort-value="1984" | 1984-09-07<br/>1984-07-07 | [[Inis Mór, Árainn|Inis Mór]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 44 | [[Íomhá:Anton abbadia.png|center|128px]] | [[Antoine Thomson d'Abbadie]] | data-sort-value="1810" | 1810-01-03 | data-sort-value="1897" | 1897-03-19 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 45 | [[Íomhá:Henry Hughes Wilson, British general, photo portrait standing in uniform.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Henry Wilson]] | data-sort-value="1864" | 1864-05-05 | data-sort-value="1922" | 1922-06-22 | [[Contae an Longfoirt]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 46 | [[Íomhá:Albert Reynolds (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Ailbhe Mac Raghnaill]] | data-sort-value="1932" | 1932-11-03 | data-sort-value="2014" | 2014-08-21 | [[Rúscaigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 47 | [[Íomhá:Bernard Allen November 1996.png|center|128px]] | [[Bernard Ó hAilín]] | data-sort-value="1944" | 1944-09-09 | data-sort-value="2024" | 2024-06-22 | [[Corcaigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 48 | [[Íomhá:Cearbhall Ó Dálaigh, 1975 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Cearbhall Ó Dálaigh]] | data-sort-value="1911" | 1911-02-12 | data-sort-value="1978" | 1978-03-21 | [[Bré]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 49 | [[Íomhá:Taoiseach Liam Cosgrave-Patricks Day 1976.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Liam Mac Cosgair]] | data-sort-value="1920" | 1920-04-13 | data-sort-value="2017" | 2017-10-04 | [[Caisleán Cnucha]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 50 | [[Íomhá:Jack Lynch, 1972 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Seán Ó Loingsigh]] | data-sort-value="1917" | 1917-08-15 | data-sort-value="1999" | 1999-10-20 | [[Corcaigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 51 | [[Íomhá:US visit of Taoiseach Costello in 1956 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[John A. Costello|Seán A Mac Coisdealbha]] | data-sort-value="1891" | 1891-06-20 | data-sort-value="1976" | 1976-01-05 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 52 | [[Íomhá:John Millington Synge - Project Gutenberg eText 19028.jpg|center|128px]] | [[John Millington Synge]] | data-sort-value="1871" | 1871-04-16 | data-sort-value="1909" | 1909-03-24 | [[Ráth Fearnáin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 53 | [[Íomhá:Stephen Gately 2009.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Stephen Gately]] | data-sort-value="1976" | 1976-03-17 | data-sort-value="2009" | 2009-10-10 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 54 | [[Íomhá:Herbert Kitchener 1914.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Herbert Kitchener, an Chéad Iarla Kitchener|Horatio Kitchener]] | data-sort-value="1850" | 1850-06-24 | data-sort-value="1916" | 1916-06-05 | [[Béal Átha Longfoirt]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 55 | | [[Iris Murdoch]] | data-sort-value="1919" | 1919-07-15 | data-sort-value="1999" | 1999-02-08 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 56 | [[Íomhá:Laurence Sterne by Sir Joshua Reynolds.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Laurence Sterne]] | data-sort-value="1713" | 1713-11-24 | data-sort-value="1768" | 1768-03-18 | [[Cluain Meala]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 57 | [[Íomhá:Seán Barrett Ceann Comhairle 2015.png|center|128px]] | [[Seán Barrett (polaiteoir i nDún Laoghaire)|Seán Barrett]] | data-sort-value="1944" | 1944-08-09 | data-sort-value="2026" | 2026-04-06 | [[Cill Iníon Léinín]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 58 | | [[Christopher Nolan (scríbhneoir)|Christopher Nolan]] | data-sort-value="1965" | 1965-09-06 | data-sort-value="2009" | 2009-02-20 | [[An Muileann gCearr]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 59 | [[Íomhá:John Redmond 1917.JPG|center|128px]] | [[Seán Mac Réamainn]] | data-sort-value="1856" | 1856-09-01 | data-sort-value="1918" | 1918-03-06 | [[Contae Loch Garman]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 60 | [[Íomhá:Autographed Photograph From Maureen O'Hara Price to Clifton Cates, circa 1945 (22479452472).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Maureen O'Hara]] | data-sort-value="1920" | 1920-08-17 | data-sort-value="2015" | 2015-10-24 | [[Raghnallach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 61 | [[Íomhá:Maureen O Sullivan, The New Movie Magazine, 1934.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Maureen O'Sullivan (aisteoir)|Maureen O'Sullivan]] | data-sort-value="1911" | 1911-05-17 | data-sort-value="1998" | 1998-06-23 | ''[[:d:Q1124843|Mainistir na Búille]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 62 | [[Íomhá:Brenda Fricker March 1990.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Brenda Fricker]] | data-sort-value="1945" | 1945-02-17 | data-sort-value="2026" | 2026-07-16 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 63 | [[Íomhá:Veronica Guerin 1.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Veronica Guerin]] | data-sort-value="1959" | 1959-07-05 | data-sort-value="1996" | 1996-06-26 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 64 | [[Íomhá:Douglas Hyde - Project Gutenberg eText 19028.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Dubhghlas de hÍde]] | data-sort-value="1860" | 1860-01-17 | data-sort-value="1949" | 1949-07-12 | [[An Caisleán Riabhach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 66 | [[Íomhá:Lady gregory.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Lady Gregory]] | data-sort-value="1852" | 1852-03-15 | data-sort-value="1932" | 1932-05-22 | [[Baile Locha Riach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 67 | [[Íomhá:William O'Brien 1917.jpg|center|128px]] | [[William O'Brien]] | data-sort-value="1852" | 1852-10-02 | data-sort-value="1928" | 1928-02-25 | [[Mala]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 68 | [[Íomhá:Smith O'Brien, The Irish Patriot.jpg|center|128px]] | [[William Smith O’Brien|William Smith O'Brien]] | data-sort-value="1803" | 1803-10-17 | data-sort-value="1864" | 1864-06-18 | [[Caisleán Dhrom Ólainn]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 69 | [[Íomhá:Birr St. Brendan's Church St. Brendan Window 2010 09 10.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Brendan mac Nemainn]] | data-sort-value="500" | 5th century | data-sort-value="573" | 573 | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éire]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 70 | | [[Frank O'Farrell]] | data-sort-value="1927" | 1927-10-09 | data-sort-value="2022" | 2022-03-06 | [[Corcaigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 71 | [[Íomhá:Grainne Mhaol Ni Mhaille Statue.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Gráinne Ní Mháille]] | data-sort-value="1539" | 1539 | data-sort-value="1603" | 1603<br/>1599-06-18 | [[Oileán Chliara|Cliara]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 72 | [[Íomhá:Jordan by Hoppner.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Dorothea Jordan]] | data-sort-value="1761" | 1761-11-22 | data-sort-value="1816" | 1816-07-05 | [[Port Láirge]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 73 | [[Íomhá:Frank Fahy .PNG|center|128px]] | [[Proinsias Ó Fathaigh]] | data-sort-value="1880" | 1880-01-12 | data-sort-value="1953" | 1953-07-12 | [[Contae na Gaillimhe]]<br/>[[Éire]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 74 | [[Íomhá:Ladywilde.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Jane Francesca Agnes Wilde|Jane Wilde]] | data-sort-value="1821" | 1821-12-27 | data-sort-value="1896" | 1896-02-03 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 75 | [[Íomhá:Brian Bóruma mac Cennétig (1723) (crop).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Brian Bóramha]] | data-sort-value="941" | 941 | data-sort-value="1014" | 1014-04-23 | [[Cill Dalua]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 76 | [[Íomhá:Patrick Pearse cph.3b15294.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Pádraig Mac Piarais]] | data-sort-value="1879" | 1879-11-10 | data-sort-value="1916" | 1916-05-03 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 77 | [[Íomhá:Thomas Ashe, half-length portrait (34628644896).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Tomás Ághas]] | data-sort-value="1885" | 1885-01-12 | data-sort-value="1917" | 1917-09-25 | [[Lios Póil]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 78 | | [[Tony Gregory]] | data-sort-value="1947" | 1947-12-05 | data-sort-value="2009" | 2009-01-02 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 79 | | [[Michael Keyes]] | data-sort-value="1886" | 1886-03-31 | data-sort-value="1959" | 1959-09-08 | [[Luimneach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 80 | [[Íomhá:Joseph Mary Plunkett.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Seosamh Pluincéad]] | data-sort-value="1887" | 1887-11-21 | data-sort-value="1916" | 1916-05-04 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 81 | [[Íomhá:John Joly.jpg|center|128px]] | [[John Joly]] | data-sort-value="1857" | 1857-11-01 | data-sort-value="1933" | 1933-12-08 | [[Breacánach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 82 | [[Íomhá:Cork (47) 1.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Naomh Fionnbarra|Naomh Fionnbharra]] | data-sort-value="550" | 550 | data-sort-value="623" | 623-09-25 | [[Droichead na Bandan]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 83 | [[Íomhá:Eilean Mor Chapel.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Naomh Abbán]] | data-sort-value="570" | 570 | data-sort-value="620" | 620-03-16 | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éire]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 84 | [[Íomhá:Patrick Hillery (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Pádraig Ó hIrighile]] | data-sort-value="1923" | 1923-05-02 | data-sort-value="2008" | 2008-04-12 | [[Sráid na Cathrach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 85 | [[Íomhá:Edward Sabine Maull&Fox BNF Gallica.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Edward Sabine]] | data-sort-value="1788" | 1788-10-14 | data-sort-value="1883" | 1883-06-26 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 86 | [[Íomhá:Celebrated spies and famous mysteries of the great war (1919) (14765772825).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Ruairí Mac Easmainn]] | data-sort-value="1864" | 1864-09-01 | data-sort-value="1916" | 1916-08-03 | [[Cuas an Ghainimh]]<br/>[[Dumhach Thrá]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 87 | [[Íomhá:Joshua Reynolds - William Petty.jpg|center|128px]] | [[William Petty, 2ú hIarla Shelburne|William Petty]] | data-sort-value="1737" | 1737-05-02 | data-sort-value="1805" | 1805-05-07 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 88 | [[Íomhá:BRENDANBEHAN.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Breandán Ó Beacháin]] | data-sort-value="1923" | 1923-02-09 | data-sort-value="1964" | 1964-03-20 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 89 | [[Íomhá:Daniel O'Connell.png|center|128px]] | [[Dónall Ó Conaill]] | data-sort-value="1775" | 1775-08-06 | data-sort-value="1847" | 1847-05-15 | [[Cathair Saidhbhín]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 90 | [[Íomhá:Sean ocasey 1924.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Seán Ó Cathasaigh]] | data-sort-value="1880" | 1880-03-30 | data-sort-value="1964" | 1964-09-18 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 91 | [[Íomhá:Thomas Moore from NPG.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Thomas Moore]] | data-sort-value="1779" | 1779-05-28<br/>1779 | data-sort-value="1852" | 1852-02-25 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 92 | [[Íomhá:Charles Stewart Parnell (Portrait).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Charles Stewart Parnell]] | data-sort-value="1846" | 1846-06-27 | data-sort-value="1891" | 1891-10-06 | [[Contae Chill Mhantáin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 93 | [[Íomhá:San Colombano.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Columbán]] | data-sort-value="543" | 543 | data-sort-value="615" | 615-11-23 | [[Cúige Laighean]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 94 | [[Íomhá:Sean T OKelly WhiteHouse 19390517.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Seán T. Ó Ceallaigh|Seán Tomás Ó Ceallaigh]] | data-sort-value="1882" | 1882-08-25 | data-sort-value="1966" | 1966-11-23 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 95 | [[Íomhá:Cropped portrait of Henry Grattan.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Henry Grattan]] | data-sort-value="1746" | 1746-07-03 | data-sort-value="1820" | 1820-06-04 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 96 | [[Íomhá:Lord Castlereagh Marquess of Londonderry.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Robert Stewart, Bíocunta an Chaisleáin Riabhaigh]] | data-sort-value="1769" | 1769-06-18 | data-sort-value="1822" | 1822-08-12 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 97 | [[Íomhá:Timothy Michael Healy Thoms Whos Who 1923.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Tadhg Ó hEaluithe (polaiteoir)|Tadhg Ó hEaluithe]] | data-sort-value="1855" | 1855-05-17 | data-sort-value="1931" | 1931-03-26 | [[Beanntraí]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 98 | [[Íomhá:William Martin Murphy Oil Painting by William Orpen.jpg|center|128px]] | [[William Martin Murphy|William Máirtín Ó Murchadha]] | data-sort-value="1844" | 1844-11-21 | data-sort-value="1919" | 1919-06-25 | [[Baile Chaisleáin Bhéarra]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 99 | [[Íomhá:James Ussher by Sir Peter Lely.jpg|center|128px]] | [[James Ussher]] | data-sort-value="1581" | 1581-01-04 | data-sort-value="1656" | 1656-03-21 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 100 | [[Íomhá:John Bruton 2011.jpg|center|128px]] | [[John Bruton|Seán de Briotún]] | data-sort-value="1947" | 1947-05-18 | data-sort-value="2024" | 2024-02-06 | [[Dún Búinne]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 101 | [[Íomhá:Charles Haughey 1967 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Cathal Ó hEochaidh]] | data-sort-value="1925" | 1925-09-16 | data-sort-value="2006" | 2006-06-13 | [[Caisleán an Bharraigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 102 | [[Íomhá:Benjamin Guinness ILN.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Benjamin Lee Guinness|Benjamin Guinness]] | data-sort-value="1798" | 1798-11-01 | data-sort-value="1868" | 1868-05-19 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 103 | | [[Seán Eichingeam]] | data-sort-value="1870" | 1870 | data-sort-value="1923" | 1923-04-23 | [[Cuan Bhaile na Cúirte]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 104 | [[Íomhá:Austin Stack (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Aibhistín de Staic]] | data-sort-value="1879" | 1879-12-07 | data-sort-value="1929" | 1929-04-27 | [[Trá Lí]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 105 | [[Íomhá:Paul Durcan 2018.png|center|128px]] | [[Paul Durcan|Pól Mac Duarcáin]] | data-sort-value="1944" | 1944-10-16 | data-sort-value="2025" | 2025-05-17 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 106 | [[Íomhá:Poet Patrick Kavanagh (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Patrick Kavanagh]] | data-sort-value="1904" | 1904-10-21 | data-sort-value="1967" | 1967-11-30 | [[Inis Caoin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 107 | [[Íomhá:Brigid of Kildare, Vitrall, 1903 (Macon, Georgia, St. Joseph Parish Church).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Naomh Bríd]] | data-sort-value="451" | 451<br/>453 | data-sort-value="525" | 525 | ''[[:d:Q5438072|Fochaird]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 108 | [[Íomhá:George Berkeley by Jonh Smibert.jpg|center|128px]] | [[George Berkeley]] | data-sort-value="1685" | 1685-03-12 | data-sort-value="1753" | 1753-01-14 | ''[[:d:Q15215556|Dysart Castle]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 109 | [[Íomhá:Richard Harris 1985 (1).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Richard Harris]] | data-sort-value="1930" | 1930-10-01 | data-sort-value="2002" | 2002-10-25 | [[Luimneach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 110 | [[Íomhá:Mother Jones no. 3.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Mary Harris Jones]] | data-sort-value="1830" | 1830-05-01 | data-sort-value="1930" | 1930-11-30 | [[Corcaigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 111 | [[Íomhá:William Thomas Mulvany by Schaarwächter.jpg|center|128px]] | [[William Thomas Mulvany]] | data-sort-value="1806" | 1806-03-11 | data-sort-value="1885" | 1885-10-30 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 112 | | [[Sandie Jones]] | data-sort-value="1951" | 1951-11-09 | data-sort-value="2019" | 2019-09-19 | [[Cromghlinn, BÁC|Cromghlinn]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 113 | [[Íomhá:Sir Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Arthur Wellesley, 1ú Diúc Wellington]] | data-sort-value="1769" | 1769-05-01 | data-sort-value="1852" | 1852-09-14 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 114 | [[Íomhá:Saint Aidan.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Naomh Aodhán Lindisfarne]] | data-sort-value="590" | 590 | data-sort-value="651" | 651-08-31 | [[Cúige Chonnacht]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 115 | [[Íomhá:Binchy33 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Maeve Binchy]] | data-sort-value="1940" | 1940-05-28<br/>1939-05-28<br/>1939-05-29 | data-sort-value="2012" | 2012-07-30 | [[Deilginis]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 116 | [[Íomhá:George Gabriel Stokes, ante 1903 - Accademia delle Scienze di Torino 0155 B.jpg|center|128px]] | [[George Gabriel Stokes]] | data-sort-value="1819" | 1819-08-13 | data-sort-value="1903" | 1903-02-01 | [[An Scrín]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 117 | [[Íomhá:Stieler - Lola Montez (Schönheitengalerie).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Lola Montez (Eliza Gilbert, damhsóir)|Lola Montez]] | data-sort-value="1821" | 1821-02-17 | data-sort-value="1861" | 1861-01-17 | [[An Ghráinseach, Contae Shligigh|An Ghráinseach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 118 | [[Íomhá:Sir Joshua Reynolds - Edmund Burke, 1729 - 1797. Statesman, orator and author - PG 2362 - National Galleries of Scotland.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Edmund Burke|Edmond Búrc]] | data-sort-value="1729" | 1729-01-12 | data-sort-value="1797" | 1797-07-09 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 119 | [[Íomhá:Sir Charles Gavan Duffy (Weekly Times, 1874).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Cathal Gabhán Ó Dubhthaigh]] | data-sort-value="1816" | 1816-04-12 | data-sort-value="1903" | 1903-02-09 | [[Muineachán]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 120 | | [[John Desmond Bernal]] | data-sort-value="1901" | 1901-05-10 | data-sort-value="1971" | 1971-09-15 | [[An tAonach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 121 | [[Íomhá:Eddie Jordan 2017 United States GP .jpg|center|128px]] | [[Eddie Jordan]] | data-sort-value="1948" | 1948-03-30 | data-sort-value="2025" | 2025-03-20 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 122 | [[Íomhá:Michael Collins 1921.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Mícheál Ó Coileáin]] | data-sort-value="1890" | 1890-10-16 | data-sort-value="1922" | 1922-08-22 | [[Cloich na Coillte]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 123 | [[Íomhá:Seán MacSwiney, Oct 1920 (cropped).png|center|128px]] | [[Seán MacSwiney]] | data-sort-value="1900" | 19th century | data-sort-value="2000" | 20th century | [[Corcaigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 124 | | [[James O'Keeffe]] | data-sort-value="1912" | 1912 | data-sort-value="1986" | 1986-05 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 125 | [[Íomhá:Sir Edward Carson, bw photo portrait seated.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Edward Carson]] | data-sort-value="1854" | 1854-02-09 | data-sort-value="1935" | 1935-10-22 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 126 | | [[Conor Maguire]] | data-sort-value="1889" | 1889-12-16 | data-sort-value="1971" | 1971-09-26 | [[Conga]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 127 | [[Íomhá:Edna O'Brien (2016).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Edna O'Brien]] | data-sort-value="1930" | 1930-12-15 | data-sort-value="2024" | 2024-07-27 | [[Tuaim Gréine]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 128 | | [[Ben Briscoe]] | data-sort-value="1934" | 1934-03-11 | data-sort-value="2023" | 2023-07-10 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 129 | [[Íomhá:Heilbronn-Kilianskirche-SeyfferAltar03.JPG|center|128px]] | [[Naomh Cilian]] | data-sort-value="640" | 640 | data-sort-value="689" | 689 | [[An Mullach, Contae an Chabháin|An Mullach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 130 | [[Íomhá:Ernest Walton.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Ernest Walton|Ernest Thomas Sinton Walton]] | data-sort-value="1903" | 1903-10-06 | data-sort-value="1995" | 1995-06-25 | [[Dún na Mainistreach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 131 | [[Íomhá:Sinead O'Connor (14828633401) (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Sinéad O'Connor]] | data-sort-value="1966" | 1966-12-08 | data-sort-value="2023" | 2023-07-26 | [[Gleann na gCaorach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 132 | [[Íomhá:Dr James Ryan, 1932 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[James Ryan]] | data-sort-value="1891" | 1891-12-06 | data-sort-value="1970" | 1970-09-25 | ''[[:d:Q22084281|Teach Munna]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 133 | [[Íomhá:Michael Gambon cropped.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Michael Gambon]] | data-sort-value="1940" | 1940-10-19 | data-sort-value="2023" | 2023-09-27 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 134 | | [[Siobhán Nic Gearailt, Cuntaois Urumhan]] | data-sort-value="1509" | 1509 | data-sort-value="1565" | 1565-01-02 | [[Cionn tSáile]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 135 | [[Íomhá:Saint brendan german manuscript.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Naomh Breandán]] | data-sort-value="486" | 486 | data-sort-value="577" | 577 | [[An Fhianait]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 136 | [[Íomhá:John field.jpg|center|128px]] | [[John Field]] | data-sort-value="1782" | 1782-07-26 | data-sort-value="1837" | 1837-01-23 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 137 | | [[Niall Tóibín]] | data-sort-value="1929" | 1929-11-21 | data-sort-value="2019" | 2019-11-13 | [[Corcaigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 138 | [[Íomhá:Liam O'Flinn.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Liam Ó Floinn]] | data-sort-value="1945" | 1945-04-15 | data-sort-value="2018" | 2018-03-14 | ''[[:d:Q2084287|An Chill]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 139 | [[Íomhá:CardinalPaulCullen.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Pól Ó Cuilinn]] | data-sort-value="1803" | 1803-04-29 | data-sort-value="1878" | 1878-10-24 | ''[[:d:Q6966181|An Fhorrach Mhór]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 140 | [[Íomhá:Oscar Traynor (under the X) (7541615018).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Oscar Traynor]] | data-sort-value="1886" | 1886-03-21 | data-sort-value="1963" | 1963-12-15 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 141 | [[Íomhá:Odonovan.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Seán Ó Donnabháin]] | data-sort-value="1806" | 1806-07-25 | data-sort-value="1861" | 1861-12-10 | [[Contae Chill Chainnigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 142 | [[Íomhá:Patrick Cooney, 1994 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Paddy Cooney|Pádraig Ó Cuanaigh]] | data-sort-value="1931" | 1931-03-02 | data-sort-value="2025" | 2025-12-06 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 143 | [[Íomhá:Patrick J. Reynolds 1984.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Patrick J. Reynolds]] | data-sort-value="1920" | 1920-11-25 | data-sort-value="2003" | 2003-12-27 | [[Contae Liatroma]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 144 | | [[Patrick Lalor]] | data-sort-value="1926" | 1926-07-19 | data-sort-value="2016" | 2016-07-29 | [[Port Laoise]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 145 | | [[Patrick Little]] | data-sort-value="1884" | 1884-06-17 | data-sort-value="1963" | 1963-05-16 | [[Dún Droma]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 146 | | [[Patrick McGrath]] | data-sort-value="1900" | 2nd millennium | data-sort-value="1956" | 1956-06-20 | [[Corcaigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 147 | | [[Peadar Mercier]] | data-sort-value="1914" | 1914 | data-sort-value="1991" | 1991 | [[Corcaigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 148 | | [[Pearse Wyse]] | data-sort-value="1928" | 1928-03-02 | data-sort-value="2009" | 2009-04-28 | [[Corcaigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 149 | [[Íomhá:Peter Barry.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Peter Barry|Peadar de Barra]] | data-sort-value="1928" | 1928-08-10 | data-sort-value="2016" | 2016-08-26 | [[Corcaigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 150 | | [[Eoghan Rua Ó Súilleabháin]] | data-sort-value="1748" | 1748 | data-sort-value="1784" | 1784-06-17 | ''[[:d:Q81944530|Na Mínteoga]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 151 | | [[Peter Hughes]] | data-sort-value="1900" | 19th century | data-sort-value="1954" | 1954-06-24 | [[Contae Lú]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 152 | [[Íomhá:Willie clancy statue.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Willie Clancy]] | data-sort-value="1918" | 1918-12-24 | data-sort-value="1973" | 1973-01-24 | [[Sráid na Cathrach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 153 | | [[Philip Brady]] | data-sort-value="1898" | 1898-06-10 | data-sort-value="1995" | 1995-01-06 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 154 | | [[Philip Cosgrave]] | data-sort-value="1884" | 1884-11-02 | data-sort-value="1923" | 1923-10-23 | [[Contae Átha Cliath Theas]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 155 | [[Íomhá:William Molyneux - Kneller.jpg|center|128px]] | [[William Molyneux]] | data-sort-value="1656" | 1656-04-17 | data-sort-value="1698" | 1698-10-11 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 156 | [[Íomhá:Dervla Murphy 2008.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Dervla Murphy]] | data-sort-value="1931" | 1931-11-28 | data-sort-value="2022" | 2022-05-22 | [[Lios Mór]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 157 | [[Íomhá:McGee-sm.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Thomas D'Arcy McGee]] | data-sort-value="1825" | 1825-04-13 | data-sort-value="1868" | 1868-04-07 | [[Cairlinn]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 158 | [[Íomhá:James Tully, 1954 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[James Tully]] | data-sort-value="1915" | 1915-09-18 | data-sort-value="1992" | 1992-05-20 | [[Contae na Mí]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 159 | | [[Martin O'Sullivan]] | data-sort-value="1900" | 2nd millennium | data-sort-value="1956" | 1956-01-20 | [[Inis Díomáin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 160 | | [[Jerry Cronin]] | data-sort-value="1925" | 1925-09-15 | data-sort-value="1990" | 1990-10-19 | [[Mainistir Fhear Maí]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 161 | [[Íomhá:Seán Garland.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Seán Garland]] | data-sort-value="1934" | 1934-03-07 | data-sort-value="2018" | 2018-12-13 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 162 | [[Íomhá:JoeDolan1975.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Joe Dolan]] | data-sort-value="1939" | 1939-10-16 | data-sort-value="2007" | 2007-12-26 | [[An Muileann gCearr]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 163 | [[Íomhá:Sean MacEoin.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Seán Mac Eoin]] | data-sort-value="1893" | 1893-09-30 | data-sort-value="1973" | 1973-07-07 | [[Béal Átha na Lao]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 164 | [[Íomhá:JJ O'Kelly, circa 1918 to 1931.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Seán Ó Ceallaigh (Sceilg)|Seán Ó Ceallaigh]] | data-sort-value="1872" | 1872 | data-sort-value="1957" | 1957-03-26 | [[Oileán Dairbhre]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 165 | [[Íomhá:John Marcus O'Sullivan (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[John M. O'Sullivan]] | data-sort-value="1881" | 1881-02-18 | data-sort-value="1948" | 1948-02-09 | [[Cill Airne]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 166 | [[Íomhá:John Wilson, 1987 (cropped).png|center|128px]] | [[John Wilson|Seán P. Mac Uilliam]] | data-sort-value="1923" | 1923-07-08 | data-sort-value="2007" | 2007-07-09 | [[Contae an Chabháin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 167 | [[Íomhá:John Sealy Townsend.jpg|center|128px]] | [[John Sealy Townsend]] | data-sort-value="1868" | 1868-06-07 | data-sort-value="1957" | 1957-02-16 | [[Gaillimh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 168 | | [[Larry Gogan]] | data-sort-value="1934" | 1934-05-03 | data-sort-value="2020" | 2020-01-07 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 169 | | [[Joseph Blowick]] | data-sort-value="1903" | 1903-03-13 | data-sort-value="1970" | 1970-08-12 | [[Baile na Cora]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 170 | [[Íomhá:Kathleen Clarke as Lord Mayor of Dublin, circa 1940, colourised.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Caitlín Bean Uí Chléirigh|Kathleen Clarke]] | data-sort-value="1878" | 1878-04-11 | data-sort-value="1972" | 1972-09-29 | [[Luimneach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 171 | [[Íomhá:Kevin Boland 1960 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Kevin Boland]] | data-sort-value="1917" | 1917-10-15 | data-sort-value="2001" | 2001-09-23 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 172 | | [[Timothy Sullivan (breitheamh)|Timothy Sullivan]] | data-sort-value="1874" | 1874-01-06 | data-sort-value="1949" | 1949-05-12 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 173 | | [[Seachnassach mac Blathmaic]] | | data-sort-value="671" | 671 | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éire]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 174 | | [[Blathmac mac Aodha Sláine]] | data-sort-value="650" | 7th century | data-sort-value="665" | 665 | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éire]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 175 | | [[Conghal Ceannmhaghair]] | | data-sort-value="710" | 710 | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éire]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 176 | | [[Fógartach mac Néill]] | data-sort-value="601" | 7th century | data-sort-value="724" | 724 | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éire]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 177 | [[Íomhá:Thomas Kinsella - University of Pennsylvania - 16 November 2009 01 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Thomas Kinsella]] | data-sort-value="1928" | 1928-05-04 | data-sort-value="2021" | 2021-12-22 | [[Inse Chór]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 178 | [[Íomhá:Violet Florence Martin.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Violet Florence Martin]] | data-sort-value="1862" | 1862-06-11 | data-sort-value="1915" | 1915-12-21 | [[Contae na Gaillimhe]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 179 | | [[John L. Murray (breitheamh)|John L. Murray]] | data-sort-value="1943" | 1943-05-10 | data-sort-value="2023" | 2023-01-18 | [[Luimneach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 180 | | [[John McCann]] | data-sort-value="1905" | 1905-06-17 | data-sort-value="1980" | 1980-02-23 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 181 | [[Íomhá:William O'Brien.png|center|128px]] | [[William O'Brien (Páirtí an Lucht Oibre)|William O'Brien]] | data-sort-value="1881" | 1881-01-23 | data-sort-value="1968" | 1968-10-31 | [[Cloich na Coillte]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 182 | | [[Henry Kenny]] | data-sort-value="1913" | 1913-09-07 | data-sort-value="1975" | 1975-09-25 | [[Caisleán an Bharraigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 183 | [[Íomhá:H. M. Dockrell 1948 election pamphlet (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Henry Morgan Dockrell]] | data-sort-value="1880" | 1880 | data-sort-value="1955" | 1955-10-26 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 184 | | [[Mervyn Taylor]] | data-sort-value="1931" | 1931-12-01 | data-sort-value="2021" | 2021-09-23 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 185 | [[Íomhá:Hugh Leonard, Playwright, 2004.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Hugh Leonard]] | data-sort-value="1926" | 1926-11-09 | data-sort-value="2009" | 2009-02-12 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 186 | [[Íomhá:Humphrey Lloyd.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Humphrey Lloyd]] | data-sort-value="1800" | 1800-04-16 | data-sort-value="1881" | 1881-01-17 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 187 | | [[Alan Kelly (imreoir)|Alan Kelly]] | data-sort-value="1936" | 1936-07-05 | data-sort-value="2009" | 2009-05-20 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 188 | | [[Paddy Belton]] | data-sort-value="1926" | 1926-06-25 | data-sort-value="1987" | 1987-05-22 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 189 | [[Íomhá:Séamus Brennan Jan 2008.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Séamus Brennan|Séamus Ó Braonáin]] | data-sort-value="1948" | 1948-02-16 | data-sort-value="2008" | 2008-07-09 | [[Bóthar na Trá]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 190 | | [[William Murphy]] | data-sort-value="1892" | 1892-02-12 | data-sort-value="1967" | 1967-11-16 | [[Contae an Chláir]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 191 | [[Íomhá:Rory O'Connor Stone Carving.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Ruaidrí mac Tairrdelbach Ua Conchobair]] | data-sort-value="1116" | 1116 | data-sort-value="1198" | 1198-12-02 | [[Tuaim]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 192 | [[Íomhá:James Campbell, Vanity Fair, 1909-08-25.jpg|center|128px]] | [[James Campbell]] | data-sort-value="1851" | 1851-04-04 | data-sort-value="1931" | 1931-03-22 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 193 | [[Íomhá:James Clarence Mangan.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Séamus Ó Mangáin]] | data-sort-value="1803" | 1803-05-01 | data-sort-value="1849" | 1849-06-20 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 194 | [[Íomhá:Jim Gibbons, 1979 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Jim Gibbons]] | data-sort-value="1924" | 1924-08-03 | data-sort-value="1997" | 1997-12-20 | [[Contae Chill Chainnigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 195 | | [[Séamas Ó hArgadáin]] | data-sort-value="1782" | 1782 | data-sort-value="1855" | 1855 | [[Cathair na Mart]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 196 | | [[Thomas Kilroy]] | data-sort-value="1934" | 1934-09-23 | data-sort-value="2023" | 2023-12-07 | [[Callainn]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 197 | | [[Tom O'Higgins]] | data-sort-value="1916" | 1916-07-23 | data-sort-value="2003" | 2003-02-25 | [[Corcaigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 198 | [[Íomhá:Portrait of Luke Wadding P2027.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Luke Wadding]] | data-sort-value="1588" | 1588-10-16 | data-sort-value="1657" | 1657-11-18 | [[Port Láirge]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 199 | [[Íomhá:Osborn Bergin, circa 1930s.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Osborn Bergin|Osborn Joseph Bergin]] | data-sort-value="1873" | 1873-11-26 | data-sort-value="1950" | 1950-10-06 | [[Corcaigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 200 | | [[Sam Maguire]] | data-sort-value="1877" | 1877-03-11 | data-sort-value="1927" | 1927-02-06 | [[Contae Chorcaí]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 201 | [[Íomhá:Jeremiah O'Donovan Rossa.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Diarmaid Ó Donnabháin Rosa|Diarmaid Ó Donnabháin Rossa]] | data-sort-value="1831" | 1831-09-10 | data-sort-value="1915" | 1915-06-29 | [[Ros Ó gCairbre]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 202 | [[Íomhá:Harry Boland Portrait.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Harry Boland|Énrí Ó Beóláin]] | data-sort-value="1887" | 1887-04-27 | data-sort-value="1922" | 1922-08-01 | [[Baile Phib]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 203 | | [[William FitzGerald (breitheamh)|William FitzGerald]] | data-sort-value="1906" | 1906-01-04 | data-sort-value="1974" | 1974-10-17 | [[Corcaigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 204 | [[Íomhá:Rory O'Hanlon, November 2006 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Rory O'Hanlon]] | data-sort-value="1934" | 1934-02-07 | data-sort-value="2026" | 2026-03-31 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 205 | [[Íomhá:Right Hon Laurence O'Neill The Lord Mayor cropped from Ireland's National Pledge, April 1918.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Laurence O'Neill]] | data-sort-value="1874" | 1874 | data-sort-value="1943" | 1943-07-26 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 206 | [[Íomhá:Kevin Barry.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Kevin Barry]] | data-sort-value="1902" | 1902-01-20 | data-sort-value="1920" | 1920-11-01 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 207 | | [[Louis le Brocquy]] | data-sort-value="1916" | 1916-11-10 | data-sort-value="2012" | 2012-04-25 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 208 | [[Íomhá:Mark Clinton, 1975 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Mark Clinton]] | data-sort-value="1915" | 1915-02-07 | data-sort-value="2001" | 2001-12-23 | [[Ceanannas]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 209 | | [[Martin O'Donoghue]] | data-sort-value="1933" | 1933-05-13 | data-sort-value="2018" | 2018-07-20 | [[Cromghlinn, BÁC|Cromghlinn]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 210 | | [[Maurice E. Dockrell]] | data-sort-value="1908" | 1908-10-06 | data-sort-value="1986" | 1986-12-09 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 211 | [[Íomhá:Michael cusack portrait.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Mícheál Cíosóg]] | data-sort-value="1847" | 1847-09-20 | data-sort-value="1906" | 1906-11-27 | [[Cora Finne]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 212 | | [[Michael Hayes]] | data-sort-value="1889" | 1889-12-01 | data-sort-value="1976" | 1976-07-11 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 213 | | [[Michael Hilliard]] | data-sort-value="1903" | 1903-03-11 | data-sort-value="1982" | 1982-01-01 | [[An Uaimh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 214 | [[Íomhá:Saint Virgilius, Salzburg.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Naomh Feargal]] | data-sort-value="700" | 700 | data-sort-value="784" | 784-11-27 | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éire]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 215 | [[Íomhá:William Thomas Cosgrave.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Liam Tomás Mac Cosgair]] | data-sort-value="1880" | 1880-06-06 | data-sort-value="1965" | 1965-11-16 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 216 | [[Íomhá:Séamus Pattison, 1982 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Séamus Pattison]] | data-sort-value="1936" | 1936-04-19 | data-sort-value="2018" | 2018-02-04 | [[Cill Chainnigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 217 | | [[Seán Flanagan]] | data-sort-value="1922" | 1922-01-26 | data-sort-value="1993" | 1993-02-05 | [[Béal Átha hAmhnais]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 218 | | [[Nuala O'Faolain|Nuala Ó Faoláin]] | data-sort-value="1940" | 1940-03-01 | data-sort-value="2008" | 2008-05-09 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 219 | [[Íomhá:Seán Lemass, 1966.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Seán F. Lemass]] | data-sort-value="1899" | 1899-07-15 | data-sort-value="1971" | 1971-05-11 | [[An Baile Breac (Baile Átha Cliath)|An Baile Breac]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 220 | | [[Margaret Hassan]] | data-sort-value="1945" | 1945-04-18 | data-sort-value="2004" | 2004-11-08 | [[Deilginis]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 221 | [[Íomhá:Noel Browne, 1948 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Noel Browne|Nollaig de Brún]] | data-sort-value="1915" | 1915-12-20 | data-sort-value="1997" | 1997-05-21 | [[Port Láirge]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 222 | | [[David Kelly]] | data-sort-value="1929" | 1929-07-11 | data-sort-value="2012" | 2012-02-12 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 223 | [[Íomhá:Tom Crean2b.JPG|center|128px]] | [[Tom Crean|Tomás Ó Croidheáin]] | data-sort-value="1877" | 1877-02-16 | data-sort-value="1938" | 1938-07-27 | [[Abhainn an Scáil]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 224 | [[Íomhá:James Hoban circa 1800 - Crop.jpg|center|128px]] | [[James Hoban]] | data-sort-value="1762" | 1762 | data-sort-value="1831" | 1831-12-08 | [[Contae Chill Chainnigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 225 | [[Íomhá:James Stephens, 1935.jpg|center|128px]] | [[James Stephens (scríbhneoir)]] | data-sort-value="1882" | 1882-02-09 | data-sort-value="1950" | 1950-12-26 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 226 | [[Íomhá:Thomas F. Meagher.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Thomas Francis Meagher]] | data-sort-value="1823" | 1823-08-03 | data-sort-value="1867" | 1867-07-01 | [[Port Láirge]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 227 | [[Íomhá:Ó Mórna agus Dánta Eile.png|center|128px]] | [[Máirtín Ó Direáin]] | data-sort-value="1910" | 1910-11-29 | data-sort-value="1988" | 1988-03-19 | [[Inis Mór, Árainn|Inis Mór]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 228 | [[Íomhá:Tras Honan at the meeting of the European Parliament in Luxembourg (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Tras Honan]] | data-sort-value="1930" | 1930-01-04 | data-sort-value="2023" | 2023-11-25 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 229 | | [[William Trevor]] | data-sort-value="1928" | 1928-05-24 | data-sort-value="2016" | 2016-11-20 | [[Baile Mhistéala]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 230 | [[Íomhá:Dave Allen 1968.JPG|center|128px]] | [[Dave Allen]] | data-sort-value="1936" | 1936-07-06 | data-sort-value="2005" | 2005-03-10 | [[Teach na Giúise]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 231 | | [[Christy Brown]] | data-sort-value="1932" | 1932-06-05 | data-sort-value="1981" | 1981-09-07 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 232 | | [[Éinde Ó Callaráin]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-05 | data-sort-value="2004" | 2004-04-08 | [[Maigh Locha]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 233 | [[Íomhá:PSM V63 D476 George Francis FitzGerald.png|center|128px]] | [[George Francis Fitzgerald]] | data-sort-value="1851" | 1851-08-03 | data-sort-value="1901" | 1901-02-21 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 234 | [[Íomhá:Dublin Martyrs by Conall McCabe (2001).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Maighréad de Bhál]] | data-sort-value="1515" | 1515 | data-sort-value="1584" | 1584 | [[Contae na Mí]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 235 | [[Íomhá:Mary O'Rourke, September 2009.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Mary O'Rourke|Máire Uí Ruairc]] | data-sort-value="1937" | 1937-05-31 | data-sort-value="2024" | 2024-10-03 | [[Baile Átha Luain]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 236 | [[Íomhá:Dolores O'Riordan 2016 (cropped).jpeg|center|128px]] | [[Dolores O'Riordan|Dolores Ní Ríordáin]] | data-sort-value="1971" | 1971-09-06 | data-sort-value="2018" | 2018-01-15 | [[Baile Uí Bhricín Thuaidh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 237 | [[Íomhá:Mary Ward (scientist).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Mary Ward]] | data-sort-value="1827" | 1827-04-27 | data-sort-value="1869" | 1869-08-31 | [[Contae Uíbh Fhailí]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 238 | | [[Paddy Canny]] | data-sort-value="1919" | 1919-09-09 | data-sort-value="2008" | 2008-06-28 | ''[[:d:Q104294289|Gleann Dríth]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 239 | [[Íomhá:Joe Kinnear Hull City v. Newcastle United 1.png|center|128px]] | [[Joe Kinnear]] | data-sort-value="1946" | 1946-12-27 | data-sort-value="2024" | 2024-04-07 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 240 | [[Íomhá:Robert Emmet--The Irish Patriot.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Roibeard Emmet]] | data-sort-value="1780" | 1780-03-04 | data-sort-value="1803" | 1803-09-20 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 241 | [[Íomhá:William Strutt, Portrait of Robert O'Hara Burke, 1860.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Robert O'Hara Burke]] | data-sort-value="1821" | 1821-05-06 | data-sort-value="1861" | 1861-06-28<br/>1861-07-01 | [[Contae na Gaillimhe]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 242 | [[Íomhá:Peter von Lacy.PNG|center|128px]] | [[Peadar de Lása]] | data-sort-value="1678" | 1678-09-29 | data-sort-value="1751" | 1751-04-19 | [[Cill Íde]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 243 | [[Íomhá:Cathalbrugha.JPG|center|128px]] | [[Cathal Brugha]] | data-sort-value="1874" | 1874-07-18 | data-sort-value="1922" | 1922-07-07 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 244 | | [[Máirtín Ó Cadhain]] | data-sort-value="1906" | 1906-01-04 | data-sort-value="1970" | 1970-10-18 | [[An Spidéal]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 245 | [[Íomhá:Gen. Richard Mulcahy LCCN2014717121.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Risteárd Ó Maolchatha]] | data-sort-value="1886" | 1886-05-10 | data-sort-value="1971" | 1971-12-16 | [[Port Láirge]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 246 | [[Íomhá:Maturin.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Charles Maturin]] | data-sort-value="1782" | 1782-09-25 | data-sort-value="1824" | 1824-10-30 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 247 | [[Íomhá:Sean Hales, circa 1910s.png|center|128px]] | [[Sean Hales]] | data-sort-value="1880" | 1880-03-30 | data-sort-value="1922" | 1922-12-07 | [[Baile na Daibhche]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 248 | [[Íomhá:Tom J. O'Connell, circa 1930s.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Thomas J. O'Connell]] | data-sort-value="1882" | 1882-11-21 | data-sort-value="1969" | 1969-06-22 | [[Cnoc Mhuire, Contae Mhaigh Eo|Cnoc Mhuire]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 249 | | [[Óengus mac Óengobann]] | data-sort-value="750" | 8th century | data-sort-value="824" | 824 | [[Contae Laoise]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 250 | [[Íomhá:Ernie O'Malley Prison 2.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Earnán Ó Máille]] | data-sort-value="1897" | 1897-05-26 | data-sort-value="1957" | 1957-03-25 | [[Caisleán an Bharraigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 251 | [[Íomhá:Ada English.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Eithne Inglis]] | data-sort-value="1875" | 1875-01-10 | data-sort-value="1944" | 1944-01-27 | [[Cathair Saidhbhín]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 252 | [[Íomhá:Adrian Hardiman - 20090224.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Adrian Hardiman]] | data-sort-value="1951" | 1951-05-21 | data-sort-value="2016" | 2016-03-07 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 253 | [[Íomhá:Agnes O'Farrelly, circa 1890.png|center|128px]] | [[Úna Ní Fhaircheallaigh]] | data-sort-value="1874" | 1874-06-24 | data-sort-value="1951" | 1951-11-05 | [[Achadh an Iúir]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 254 | [[Íomhá:Isle of Iona, St. Oran's Chapel doorway - geograph.org.uk - 921177.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Naomh Odhrán]] | data-sort-value="450" | 5th century | data-sort-value="563" | 563 | [[Contae na Mí]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 255 | [[Íomhá:Timothy Daniel Sullivan00.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Timothy Daniel Sullivan]] | data-sort-value="1827" | 1827-05-29 | data-sort-value="1914" | 1914-03-31 | [[Beanntraí]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 256 | [[Íomhá:Bundesarchiv Bild 102-08594, Daniel A. Binchy.jpg|center|128px]] | [[D. A. Binchy]] | data-sort-value="1899" | 1899-06-03 | data-sort-value="1989" | 1989-05-04 | [[An Ráth, Contae Chorcaí|An Ráth]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 257 | | [[Robert Hilliard]] | data-sort-value="1904" | 1904-04-07 | data-sort-value="1937" | 1937-02-22 | [[Cill Airne]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 258 | [[Íomhá:Comandante John Riley 1848, bust Mexico.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Seán Pádraig Ó Raghallaigh]] | data-sort-value="1824" | 1824-02-08 | data-sort-value="1879" | 1879-10-10 | [[An Clochán (Contae na Gaillimhe)|An Clochán]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 259 | | [[Seán Doherty (Ros Comáin)|Seán Ó Dochartaigh]] | data-sort-value="1944" | 1944-06-29 | data-sort-value="2005" | 2005-06-07 | [[Contae Ros Comáin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 260 | | [[Seán Gibbons]] | data-sort-value="1883" | 1883-05-31 | data-sort-value="1952" | 1952-04-19 | [[Contae Chill Chainnigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 261 | | [[Seán Goulding]] | data-sort-value="1877" | 1877 | data-sort-value="1959" | 1959-12-15 | [[Contae Phort Láirge]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 262 | | [[Seán Sherwin]] | data-sort-value="1946" | 1946 | data-sort-value="2025" | 2025-04-30 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 263 | [[Íomhá:Window depicting St. Kieran, Seir Kieran Church, Bell Hill.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Ciarán Saighre]] | data-sort-value="500" | 1st millennium<br/>375 | data-sort-value="530" | 530 | [[Cléire]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 264 | [[Íomhá:Val Doonican.png|center|128px]] | [[Val Doonican]] | data-sort-value="1927" | 1927-02-03 | data-sort-value="2015" | 2015-07-02<br/>2015-07-01 | [[Port Láirge]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 265 | [[Íomhá:Seumas Burke LCCN2014716858.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Séamus Burke|Séamus Búrc]] | data-sort-value="1893" | 1893-06-14 | data-sort-value="1967" | 1967-01-01 | [[Port Láirge]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 266 | | [[Séamus Dolan]] | data-sort-value="1914" | 1914-12-10 | data-sort-value="2010" | 2010-08-10 | [[An Blaic]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 267 | [[Íomhá:Mike McTigue.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Mike McTigue]] | data-sort-value="1892" | 1892-11-26 | data-sort-value="1966" | 1966-08-12 | [[Contae an Chláir]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 268 | [[Íomhá:Wexford Church of the Immaculate Conception South Aisle Window Saint Laurentius O Toole Detail 2010 09 29.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Lorcán Ua Tuathail]] | data-sort-value="1128" | 1128 | data-sort-value="1180" | 1180-11-14 | [[Díseart Diarmada]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 269 | [[Íomhá:Michealod.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Mícheál Ó Domhnaill|Micheál Ó Domhnaill]] | data-sort-value="1951" | 1951-10-07<br/>1952-10-07 | data-sort-value="2006" | 2006-07-07 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 270 | [[Íomhá:Thomas William Croke 2.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Thomas Croke]] | data-sort-value="1823" | 1823-05-28 | data-sort-value="1902" | 1902-07-22 | ''[[:d:Q60554581|Cill Bhrain]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 271 | | [[Thomas Finlay]] | data-sort-value="1922" | 1922-09-17 | data-sort-value="2017" | 2017-12-03 | [[An Charraig Dhubh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 272 | [[Íomhá:Thomas J. Fitzpatrick 1984.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Thomas J. Fitzpatrick (An Cabhán)|Thomas J. Fitzpatrick]] | data-sort-value="1918" | 1918-02-14 | data-sort-value="2006" | 2006-10-02 | [[Cluain Eois]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 273 | | [[Thomas Walsh]] | data-sort-value="1901" | 1901-12-18 | data-sort-value="1956" | 1956-07-14 | [[Cill Chainnigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 274 | | [[Séamus Ó Beaglaoich]] | data-sort-value="1949" | 1949-09 | data-sort-value="2023" | 2023-01-09 | [[Baile na bPoc, Paróiste Mórdhach|Baile na bPoc]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 275 | | [[Tom Nolan]] | data-sort-value="1921" | 1921-07-27 | data-sort-value="1992" | 1992-08-17 | [[Míseal]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 276 | | [[Joe Heaney|Seosamh Ó hÉanaí]] | data-sort-value="1919" | 1919-10-15 | data-sort-value="1984" | 1984-05-01 | [[An Aird Thoir]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 277 | [[Íomhá:01 St. Ruadhan, James Watson & Co., Youghal Stained Glass, at St. Ruadhan Church in Lorrha.png|center|128px]] | [[Naomh Ruadhán]] | | data-sort-value="584" | 584-04-15 | [[Cúige Laighean]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 278 | | [[Alexander Haslett]] | data-sort-value="1883" | 1883-09-02 | data-sort-value="1951" | 1951-01-17 | [[Glasloch]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 279 | | [[Alfred O'Rahilly]] | data-sort-value="1884" | 1884-10-01 | data-sort-value="1969" | 1969-08-01 | [[Lios Tuathail]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 280 | [[Íomhá:Madame-Alicia-Adelaide-Needham.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Alicia Adélaide Needham]] | data-sort-value="1863" | 1863-10-31 | data-sort-value="1945" | 1945-12-24 | [[An Seanchaisleán]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 281 | | [[Amhlaoibh Ó Súilleabháin]] | data-sort-value="1780" | 1780<br/>1783-05-01 | data-sort-value="1838" | 1838-11-20 | [[Cill Airne]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 282 | [[Íomhá:Louis Hersent-Crossing the bridge at Landshut.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Andrew O'Reilly von Ballinlough]] | data-sort-value="1742" | 1742-08-03<br/>1742 | data-sort-value="1832" | 1832-07-05<br/>1832-04-05 | [[Baile an Locha, Contae Ros Comáin|Baile an Locha]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 283 | [[Íomhá:Anna Parnell c1878.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Anna Parnell|Anna Catherine Parnell]] | data-sort-value="1852" | 1852-05-13 | data-sort-value="1911" | 1911-09-20 | ''[[:d:Q2699632|Teach Avondale]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 284 | [[Íomhá:Annahaslam.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Anna Haslam]] | data-sort-value="1829" | 1829-04-06 | data-sort-value="1922" | 1922-11-28 | [[Eochaill]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 285 | [[Íomhá:Portrait-of-anne-devlin.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Anne Devlin]] | data-sort-value="1780" | 1780 | data-sort-value="1851" | 1851-09-01 | [[Contae Chill Mhantáin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 286 | | [[Ann Lovett]] | data-sort-value="1968" | 1968-04-06 | data-sort-value="1984" | 1984-01-31 | [[An Cóbh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 287 | | [[Anne Butler Yeats|Anne Yeats]] | data-sort-value="1919" | 1919-05-09 | data-sort-value="2001" | 2001-07-04 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 288 | | [[Anthony Barry]] | data-sort-value="1901" | 1901-06-07 | data-sort-value="1983" | 1983-10-24 | [[Corcaigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 289 | [[Íomhá:John McCormack, 1884-1945 LCCN2003677331.jpg|center|128px]] | [[John McCormack]] | data-sort-value="1884" | 1884-06-14 | data-sort-value="1945" | 1945-09-16 | [[Baile Átha Luain]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 290 | | [[Seathrún Céitinn]] | data-sort-value="1569" | 1569 | data-sort-value="1644" | 1644 | [[Contae Thiobraid Árann]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 291 | [[Íomhá:Terry Wogan MBE Investiture cropped.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Terry Wogan]] | data-sort-value="1938" | 1938-08-03 | data-sort-value="2016" | 2016-01-31 | [[Luimneach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 292 | [[Íomhá:Ron Delany 1957.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Ronnie Delany]] | data-sort-value="1935" | 1935-03-06 | data-sort-value="2026" | 2026-03-11 | [[An tInbhear Mór]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 293 | [[Íomhá:James Fintan Lalor (Young Irelander).jpg|center|128px]] | [[James Fintan Lalor (Éire Óg)|James Fintan Lalor]] | data-sort-value="1807" | 1807-03-10 | data-sort-value="1849" | 1849-12-27 | ''[[:d:Q136402282|Tenakill House]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 294 | [[Íomhá:DionBoucicault.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Dion Boucicault]] | data-sort-value="1822" | 1822-12-26 | data-sort-value="1890" | 1890-09-18 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 295 | | [[Niall Caille]] | data-sort-value="850" | 9th century | data-sort-value="846" | 846 | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éire]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 296 | [[Íomhá:Statue St Finnian of Clonard (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Naomh Fionnán (Cluain Ioraird)|Fionnán Chluain Ioraird]] | data-sort-value="470" | 470 | data-sort-value="549" | 549<br/>552 | [[Míseal]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 297 | [[Íomhá:James Everett, 1949.jpg|center|128px]] | [[James Everett]] | data-sort-value="1894" | 1894-05-01 | data-sort-value="1967" | 1967-12-18 | ''[[:d:Q104276727|Ráth Droma]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 298 | [[Íomhá:Brian-Crowley-Ireland-MIP-Europaparlament-by-Leila-Paul-1.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Brian Mac Amhlaidh]] | data-sort-value="1964" | 1964-03-04 | data-sort-value="2026" | 2026-01-23 | [[An Charraig Dhubh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 299 | | [[Seán Treacy]] | data-sort-value="1923" | 1923-09-22 | data-sort-value="2018" | 2018-03-23 | [[Cluain Meala]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 300 | | [[Hugh O'Flaherty]] | data-sort-value="1898" | 1898-02-28 | data-sort-value="1963" | 1963-10-30 | [[Contae Chorcaí]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 301 | [[Íomhá:Drbarnardo.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Thomas John Barnardo]] | data-sort-value="1845" | 1845-07-04 | data-sort-value="1905" | 1905-09-19 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 302 | | [[Patrick Hogan (Ceann Comhairle)|Patrick Hogan]] | data-sort-value="1886" | 1886-01-01 | data-sort-value="1969" | 1969-01-24 | [[Contae an Chláir]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 303 | [[Íomhá:Portrait of George Brown.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Seoirse de Brún]] | data-sort-value="1698" | 1698-06-15 | data-sort-value="1792" | 1792-02-18<br/>1792-09-18 | [[Luimneach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 304 | [[Íomhá:Art O'Connor.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Art O'Connor]] | data-sort-value="1888" | 1888 | data-sort-value="1950" | 1950-05-10 | [[Cill Droichid]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 305 | [[Íomhá:John Thomas Romney Robinson by James Simonton c1850s.png|center|128px]] | [[Thomas Romney Robinson|John Thomas Romney Robinson]] | data-sort-value="1792" | 1792-04-23 | data-sort-value="1882" | 1882-02-28 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 306 | [[Íomhá:Oliver Plunket by Edward Luttrell.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Oilibhéar Pluincéad|Oilibhéar Pluincéid]] | data-sort-value="1629" | 1629-11-01 | data-sort-value="1681" | 1681-07-01 | [[Loch Craobh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 307 | [[Íomhá:Tomás Ó Criomhthain.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Tomás Ó Criomhthain]] | data-sort-value="1855" | 1855 | data-sort-value="1937" | 1937-03-07 | [[Na Blascaodaí]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 308 | [[Íomhá:James Napper Tandy.jpg|center|128px]] | [[James Napper Tandy]] | data-sort-value="1740" | 1740 | data-sort-value="1803" | 1803-08-24 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 309 | [[Íomhá:Domhnall Ua Buachalla circa 1916.png|center|128px]] | [[Domhnall Ua Buachalla]] | data-sort-value="1866" | 1866-02-05 | data-sort-value="1963" | 1963-10-30 | [[Maigh Nuad]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 310 | [[Íomhá:Batt O'Connor.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Batt O'Connor]] | data-sort-value="1870" | 1870-07-04 | data-sort-value="1935" | 1935-02-07 | [[Contae Chiarraí]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 311 | | [[Batt Donegan]] | data-sort-value="1910" | 1910-12-21 | data-sort-value="1978" | 1978-08-26 | [[Contae Chorcaí]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 312 | | [[Beatrice Gubbins]] | data-sort-value="1878" | 1878-09-19 | data-sort-value="1944" | 1944-08-12 | [[Contae Luimnigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 313 | | [[Ben Óg Dunne|Ben Dunne]] | data-sort-value="1949" | 1949-03-11 | data-sort-value="2023" | 2023-11-18 | [[Corcaigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 314 | [[Íomhá:Bernadette O'Farrell - Sponsor, July 25, 1959.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Bernadette O'Farrell]] | data-sort-value="1924" | 1924-01-30 | data-sort-value="1999" | 1999-09-26 | [[Biorra]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 315 | | [[Bernard Cowen]] | data-sort-value="1932" | 1932-01-29 | data-sort-value="1984" | 1984-01-24 | [[Clóirtheach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 316 | | [[Bill O'Herlihy]] | data-sort-value="1938" | 1938-09-26 | data-sort-value="2015" | 2015-05-25 | [[An Glaisín]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 317 | | [[Billy Fox]] | data-sort-value="1939" | 1939-01-03 | data-sort-value="1974" | 1974-03-12 | [[Contae Mhuineacháin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 318 | [[Íomhá:BobDoyleDeath.JPG|center|128px]] | [[Bob Doyle]] | data-sort-value="1916" | 1916-02-12 | data-sort-value="2009" | 2009-01-22 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 319 | [[Íomhá:Lady Mary Bailey.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Mary Bailey]] | data-sort-value="1890" | 1890-12-01 | data-sort-value="1960" | 1960-07-29 | ''[[:d:Q7369899|Caisleán an Rosa Mhóir]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 320 | [[Íomhá:Margaret E. Cousins, 1932.png|center|128px]] | [[Margaret Cousins]] | data-sort-value="1878" | 1878-11-07 | data-sort-value="1954" | 1954-03-11 | ''[[:d:Q1124843|Mainistir na Búille]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 321 | | [[Breandán Ó Buachalla]] | data-sort-value="1936" | 1936-01-15 | data-sort-value="2010" | 2010-05-20 | [[Corcaigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 322 | | [[Brendan Crinion]] | data-sort-value="1923" | 1923-11-11 | data-sort-value="1989" | 1989-07-02 | [[Contae Chill Dara]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 323 | [[Íomhá:Brendan Grace.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Brendan Grace]] | data-sort-value="1951" | 1951-04-01 | data-sort-value="2019" | 2019-07-11 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 324 | [[Íomhá:Brendan Halligan, circa 1983.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Brendan Halligan]] | data-sort-value="1936" | 1936-07-05 | data-sort-value="2020" | 2020-08-09 | [[Rialto]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 325 | | [[Brendan Ingle]] | data-sort-value="1940" | 1940-06-19 | data-sort-value="2018" | 2018-05-25 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 326 | [[Íomhá:Brendan-Kehoe.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Brendan Kehoe]] | data-sort-value="1970" | 1970-12-03 | data-sort-value="2011" | 2011-07-19 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 327 | | [[Brendan Kennelly]] | data-sort-value="1936" | 1936 | data-sort-value="2021" | 2021-10-17 | [[Béal Átha Longfoirt]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 328 | | [[Art Ó Cléirigh]] | data-sort-value="1879" | 1879-10-25 | data-sort-value="1932" | 1932-11-23 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 329 | | [[Bang Bang]] | data-sort-value="1906" | 1906-04-19 | data-sort-value="1981" | 1981-01-12 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 330 | | [[Barney Mellows]] | data-sort-value="1896" | 1896-03-29 | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-02-25 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 331 | | [[Denis Allen]] | data-sort-value="1896" | 1896-01-02 | data-sort-value="1961" | 1961-03-29 | [[Contae Loch Garman]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 332 | | [[Donncha Ó Cochláin]] | data-sort-value="1945" | 1945-06-07 | data-sort-value="2026" | 2026-06-05 | [[An Linn Dubh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 333 | | [[Denis Farrelly]] | data-sort-value="1912" | 1912-09-18 | data-sort-value="1974" | 1974-12-27 | [[Contae na Mí]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 334 | [[Íomhá:Portrait of Denis Florence McCarthy P549.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Denis Florence MacCarthy]] | data-sort-value="1817" | 1817-05-26 | data-sort-value="1882" | 1882-04-07 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 335 | | [[Dearbhorghaill iníon Mhurchaidh Uí Mhaoil Sheachlainn|Derbforgaill]] | data-sort-value="1108" | 1108 | data-sort-value="1193" | 1193 | [[Contae na Mí]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 336 | [[Íomhá:Derek Keating 2014 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Derek Keating]] | data-sort-value="1955" | 1955-05 | data-sort-value="2023" | 2023-05-06 | [[Baile Formaid]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 337 | [[Íomhá:Derry O`Sullivan poet 41x33cm 2002.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Derry O'Sullivan]] | data-sort-value="1944" | 1944 | data-sort-value="2025" | 2025-08-16 | [[Beanntraí]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 338 | | [[Desmond Governey]] | data-sort-value="1920" | 1920-09-11 | data-sort-value="1984" | 1984-12-29 | [[Port Láirge]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 339 | | [[Diarmuid Lynch]] | data-sort-value="1878" | 1878-01-10 | data-sort-value="1950" | 1950-11-09 | [[Trácht Fhionn]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 340 | | [[Dick Dowling]] | data-sort-value="1938" | 1938-12-12 | data-sort-value="2024" | 2024-03-30 | [[Cill Chainnigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 341 | | [[Don Davern]] | data-sort-value="1935" | 1935-03-04 | data-sort-value="1968" | 1968-11-02 | [[Caiseal (Tiobraid Árann)|Caiseal]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 342 | [[Íomhá:Donal Creed MEP (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Donal Creed]] | data-sort-value="1924" | 1924-09-07 | data-sort-value="2017" | 2017-11-23 | [[Maigh Chromtha]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 343 | | [[Donal O'Donoghue]] | data-sort-value="1894" | 1894-06-05 | data-sort-value="1971" | 1971-07-26 | [[Cill Airne]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 344 | | [[Donncha Ó Dúlaing]] | data-sort-value="1933" | 1933-03-15 | data-sort-value="2021" | 2021-09-04 | [[Contae Chorcaí]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 345 | | [[Donnchadh Ó Briain]] | data-sort-value="1897" | 1897-11-17 | data-sort-value="1981" | 1981-09-22 | [[Luimneach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 346 | | [[Donnchadh Ó Corráin]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-02-28 | data-sort-value="2017" | 2017-10-25 | ''[[:d:Q104308060|Graighin]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 347 | [[Íomhá:Dora Sigerson.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Dora Sigerson Shorter]] | data-sort-value="1866" | 1866-08-16 | data-sort-value="1918" | 1918-01-06 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 348 | | [[Dorothy Stopford-Price]] | data-sort-value="1890" | 1890-09-09 | data-sort-value="1954" | 1954-01-30<br/>1954-01-28 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 349 | | [[Dónall Mac Amhlaigh]] | data-sort-value="1926" | 1926 | data-sort-value="1989" | 1989-01-27 | [[Gaillimh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 350 | | [[Edward Conway]] | data-sort-value="1894" | 1894-07-03 | data-sort-value="1968" | 1968-12-29 | [[An tAonach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 351 | | [[Eamon Rice]] | data-sort-value="1873" | 1873-04-26 | data-sort-value="1937" | 1937-11-07 | [[Contae Mhuineacháin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 352 | | [[Éamon Ó Ciosáin]] | data-sort-value="1899" | 1899 | data-sort-value="1979" | 1979-05-20 | [[Contae Chiarraí]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 353 | | [[Éamonn Ó Néill]] | data-sort-value="1882" | 1882 | data-sort-value="1954" | 1954-11-03 | [[Cionn tSáile]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 354 | [[Íomhá:Eavan Boland in 1996.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Eavan Boland]] | data-sort-value="1944" | 1944-09-24 | data-sort-value="2020" | 2020-04-27 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 355 | [[Íomhá:PSM V79 D211 George Johnston Stoney.png|center|128px]] | [[George Johnstone Stoney]] | data-sort-value="1826" | 1826-02-15 | data-sort-value="1911" | 1911-07-05 | [[Contae Uíbh Fhailí]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 356 | | [[Conchúr Crús Ó Briain]] | data-sort-value="1917" | 1917-11-03 | data-sort-value="2008" | 2008-12-18 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 357 | [[Íomhá:Paddy Maloney of the Chieftains (214371161) (cropped2).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Paddy Moloney]] | data-sort-value="1938" | 1938-08-01 | data-sort-value="2021" | 2021-10-12 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 358 | [[Íomhá:Birr St. Brendan's Church Saint Kieran Window Detail 2010 09 10.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Naomh Ciarán]] | data-sort-value="516" | 516 | data-sort-value="546" | 546 | [[Contae Ros Comáin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 359 | [[Íomhá:Gabriel Rosenstock.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Gabriel Rosenstock]] | data-sort-value="1949" | 1949-09-29 | data-sort-value="2026" | 2026-04-06 | [[Cill Fhíonáin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 360 | [[Íomhá:Robert Kane (chemist).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Robert Kane]] | data-sort-value="1809" | 1809-09-24 | data-sort-value="1890" | 1890-02-16 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 361 | [[Íomhá:Adhemar de Barros e Patrick Peyton (1964).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Patrick Peyton]] | data-sort-value="1909" | 1909-01-09 | data-sort-value="1992" | 1992-06-03 | [[Áth Tí an Mheasaigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 362 | | [[Austin Clarke]] | data-sort-value="1896" | 1896-05-09 | data-sort-value="1974" | 1974-03-19 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 363 | [[Íomhá:Diarmaid Mac Murrough Expugnatio Hibernica.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Diarmaid Mac Murchadha]] | data-sort-value="1110" | 1110 | data-sort-value="1171" | 1171-05-01 | [[Cúige Laighean]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 364 | [[Íomhá:Bobby Aylward.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Bobby Aylward]] | data-sort-value="1955" | 1955-04-01 | data-sort-value="2022" | 2022-07-14 | [[Muileann an Bhata]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 365 | | [[Bobby Molloy]] | data-sort-value="1936" | 1936-07-09 | data-sort-value="2016" | 2016-10-02 | [[Gaillimh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 366 | [[Íomhá:Kirwan Richard portrait.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Richard Kirwan]] | data-sort-value="1733" | 1733-08-01 | data-sort-value="1812" | 1812-06-01 | [[Contae na Gaillimhe]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 367 | [[Íomhá:Brendan Corish 1949.png|center|128px]] | [[Brendan Corish|Breandán Mac Fheorais]] | data-sort-value="1918" | 1918-11-19 | data-sort-value="1990" | 1990-02-17 | [[Loch Garman]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 368 | | [[Peadar de Bhulbh]] | data-sort-value="1727" | 1727 | data-sort-value="1803" | 1803 | [[Luimneach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 369 | [[Íomhá:Brian Lenihan, July 2010 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Brian Seosamh Ó Luineacháin]] | data-sort-value="1959" | 1959-05-21 | data-sort-value="2011" | 2011-06-10 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 370 | [[Íomhá:Brian Lenihan, 1981 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Brian Pádraig Ó Luineacháin]] | data-sort-value="1930" | 1930-11-17 | data-sort-value="1995" | 1995-11-01 | [[Dún Dealgan]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 371 | [[Íomhá:George Charles Beresford - William Orpen (1903).jpg|center|128px]] | [[William Orpen]] | data-sort-value="1878" | 1878-11-27 | data-sort-value="1931" | 1931-09-29 | [[Stigh Lorgan]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 372 | [[Íomhá:Declans church.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Naomh Deaglán]] | data-sort-value="500" | 5th century | data-sort-value="500" | 5th century | [[Cúige Mumhan]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 373 | | [[Ceann Faoladh mac Blathmaic]] | | data-sort-value="675" | 675 | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éire]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 374 | | [[T. P. McKenna]] | data-sort-value="1929" | 1929-09-07 | data-sort-value="2011" | 2011-02-13 | [[An Mullach, Contae an Chabháin|An Mullach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 375 | [[Íomhá:Thomas Derrig.JPG|center|128px]] | [[Tomás Ó Deirg]] | data-sort-value="1897" | 1897-11-26 | data-sort-value="1956" | 1956-11-19 | [[Cathair na Mart]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 376 | [[Íomhá:Blason famille ie Fitzgerald de Desmond.svg|center|128px]] | [[Gearailt Mac Gearailt, 14ú Iarla Dheasumhan]] | data-sort-value="1533" | 1533 | data-sort-value="1583" | 1583-11-11 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 377 | | [[Patrick O'Donnell]] | data-sort-value="1907" | 1907-08-21 | data-sort-value="1970" | 1970-10-04 | [[Droichead Átha]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 378 | [[Íomhá:Ernest Henry Shackleton Nadar.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Ernest Shackleton]] | data-sort-value="1874" | 1874-02-15 | data-sort-value="1922" | 1922-01-05 | [[Caisleán Cill Chá]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 379 | | [[Ellen Hutchins]] | data-sort-value="1785" | 1785-03-17 | data-sort-value="1815" | 1815-02-09 | [[Béal Átha Leice]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 380 | | [[Eddie Filgate]] | data-sort-value="1915" | 1915-09-16 | data-sort-value="2017" | 2017-01-19 | [[Contae Lú]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 381 | | [[Edward Aylward]] | data-sort-value="1894" | 1894 | data-sort-value="1976" | 1976-02 | [[Contae Chill Chainnigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 382 | | [[Edward Walsh]] | data-sort-value="1805" | 1805 | data-sort-value="1850" | 1850-08-06 | [[Corcaigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 383 | | [[Eighneachán Ó hAnnluain]] | data-sort-value="1933" | 1933 | data-sort-value="1994" | 1994-12-14 | [[Muineachán]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 384 | [[Íomhá:Professor Eleanor Maguire FMedSci FRS.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Eleanor Maguire]] | data-sort-value="1970" | 1970-03-27 | data-sort-value="2025" | 2025-01-04 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 385 | [[Íomhá:Elizabeth O'Farrell, circa 1910s.png|center|128px]] | [[Elizabeth O'Farrell]] | data-sort-value="1884" | 1884-11-05 | data-sort-value="1957" | 1957-06-25 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 386 | [[Íomhá:Brian O'Higgins - Banba.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Brian Ó hUiginn]] | data-sort-value="1882" | 1882-07-01 | data-sort-value="1963" | 1963-03-03 | [[Cill Scíre]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 387 | | [[Bridget Rice]] | data-sort-value="1885" | 1885-05-07 | data-sort-value="1967" | 1967-12-08 | [[Cluain Cearbán]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 388 | [[Íomhá:Bryan Cusack (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Bryan Cusack]] | data-sort-value="1882" | 1882-08-02 | data-sort-value="1973" | 1973-05-24 | [[Contae an Chabháin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 389 | [[Íomhá:Caitlín Brugha.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Caitlín Brugha]] | data-sort-value="1879" | 1879-12-11 | data-sort-value="1959" | 1959-12-01 | [[Biorra]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 390 | [[Íomhá:Carmel snow.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Carmel Snow]] | data-sort-value="1887" | 1887-08-27 | data-sort-value="1961" | 1961-05 | [[Deilginis]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 391 | | [[Carrie Acheson]] | data-sort-value="1934" | 1934-09-11 | data-sort-value="2023" | 2023-01-16 | [[Contae Thiobraid Árann]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 392 | [[Íomhá:Cathal Ó Murchadha (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Cathal Ó Murchadha]] | data-sort-value="1880" | 1880-02-16 | data-sort-value="1958" | 1958-04-28 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 393 | [[Íomhá:Charles J Kickham.JPG|center|128px]] | [[Charles J. Kickham]] | data-sort-value="1828" | 1828-05-09 | data-sort-value="1882" | 1882-08-22 | [[Muileann na hUamhan]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 394 | [[Íomhá:John Devoy.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Seán Ó Dubhuí]] | data-sort-value="1842" | 1842-09-03 | data-sort-value="1928" | 1928-09-29 | ''[[:d:Q2084287|An Chill]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 395 | [[Íomhá:JohnO'Mahony1867 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Seán Ó Mathúna]] | data-sort-value="1815" | 1815-01-12 | data-sort-value="1877" | 1877-02-07<br/>1877-02-06 | ''[[:d:Q104312834|Loch an Eanaigh]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 396 | [[Íomhá:Sihtric 989 1036 ruler of Dublin.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Sitric II]] | data-sort-value="970" | 970 | data-sort-value="1042" | 1042 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 397 | | [[William J. Murphy (Páirtí an Lucht Oibre)|William J. Murphy]] | data-sort-value="1928" | 1928-05-17 | data-sort-value="2018" | 2018-09-17 | [[Contae Chorcaí]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 398 | [[Íomhá:William Norton circa 1927 to 1932.png|center|128px]] | [[William Norton|Liam Ó Neachtain]] | data-sort-value="1900" | 1900 | data-sort-value="1963" | 1963-12-04 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 399 | [[Íomhá:Patrick Cardinal Moran.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Patrick Francis Moran]] | data-sort-value="1830" | 1830-09-16 | data-sort-value="1911" | 1911-08-16 | [[Leithghlinn an Droichid]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 400 | [[Íomhá:Lord Edward Fitzgerald by Hugh Douglas Hamilton.jpg|center|128px]] | [[an Tiarna Éadbhard Mac Gearailt]] | data-sort-value="1763" | 1763-10-15 | data-sort-value="1798" | 1798-06-04 | ''[[:d:Q5047391|Teach Carton]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 401 | [[Íomhá:GenPEConnor.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Patrick Edward Connor]] | data-sort-value="1820" | 1820-03-17 | data-sort-value="1891" | 1891-12-17 | [[Contae Chiarraí]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 402 | [[Íomhá:William Lamport.jpg|center|128px]] | [[William Lamport]] | data-sort-value="1611" | 1611<br/>1615 | data-sort-value="1659" | 1659-11-19 | [[Loch Garman]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 403 | [[Íomhá:AlexanderMitchellWithDundalkBayInRearGround Portrait 1873 OilOnCanvas ByRobertHooke BelfastHarbourCommissioners.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Alexander Mitchell]] | data-sort-value="1780" | 1780-04-13 | data-sort-value="1868" | 1868-06-25 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 404 | | [[Alexis FitzGerald Óg]] | data-sort-value="1945" | 1945-05-07 | data-sort-value="2015" | 2015-07-16 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 405 | [[Íomhá:Alfred Byrne.jpeg|center|128px]] | [[Alfie Byrne]] | data-sort-value="1882" | 1882-03-17 | data-sort-value="1956" | 1956-03-13 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 406 | | [[Alfred P. Byrne]] | data-sort-value="1913" | 1913 | data-sort-value="1952" | 1952-07-26 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 407 | [[Íomhá:Raiftearaí.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Antoine Raiftearaí|Antaine Raiftearaí]] | data-sort-value="1779" | 1779-03-30 | data-sort-value="1835" | 1835-12-25 | ''[[:d:Q60555058|Cill Liadáin]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 408 | | [[Tomás Ó Rathile]] | data-sort-value="1882" | 1882-11-11 | data-sort-value="1953" | 1953-11-16 | [[Lios Tuathail]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 409 | [[Íomhá:Jim stynes.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Jim Stynes]] | data-sort-value="1966" | 1966-04-23 | data-sort-value="2012" | 2012-03-20 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 410 | [[Íomhá:Sculpture of Brian Merriman, Ennistymon - geograph.org.uk - 1602652.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Brian Mac Giolla Meidhre]] | data-sort-value="1747" | 1747 | data-sort-value="1805" | 1805-07-27 | [[Contae an Chláir]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 411 | | [[Toirdhealbhach Ua Conchobhair]] | data-sort-value="1088" | 1088 | data-sort-value="1156" | 1156 | [[Cúige Chonnacht]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 412 | [[Íomhá:Milo O'Shea 1967.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Milo O'Shea]] | data-sort-value="1926" | 1926-06-02 | data-sort-value="2013" | 2013-04-02 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 413 | [[Íomhá:Agnes Mary Clerke portrait photo.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Agnes Mary Clerke]] | data-sort-value="1842" | 1842-02-10 | data-sort-value="1907" | 1907-01-20 | [[An Sciobairín]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 414 | | [[James Morrisroe]] | data-sort-value="1875" | 1875-04-05 | data-sort-value="1937" | 1937-12-31 | [[Contae Mhaigh Eo]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 415 | | [[James Murphy]] | data-sort-value="1887" | 1887-12-28 | data-sort-value="1961" | 1961-10-07 | [[Contae Lú]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 416 | [[Íomhá:James O'Mara.jpg|center|128px]] | [[James O'Mara]] | data-sort-value="1873" | 1873-08-06 | data-sort-value="1948" | 1948-11-21 | [[Luimneach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 417 | | [[James Pattison]] | data-sort-value="1886" | 1886-06-28 | data-sort-value="1963" | 1963-12-31 | [[Corcaigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 418 | | [[James Tunney]] | data-sort-value="1892" | 1892 | data-sort-value="1964" | 1964-05-11 | [[Contae Mhaigh Eo]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 419 | | [[Jasper Wolfe]] | data-sort-value="1872" | 1872-08-03 | data-sort-value="1952" | 1952-08-27 | [[An Sciobairín]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 420 | | [[Séamas Langtún]] | data-sort-value="1918" | 1918-01-18 | data-sort-value="1987" | 1987-04-18 | [[Gabhrán]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 421 | [[Íomhá:Frank MacDermot, 1933.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Frank MacDermot]] | data-sort-value="1886" | 1886-11-25 | data-sort-value="1975" | 1975-06-24 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 422 | | [[Eoghan an Mhéirín Mac Cárthaigh|Eoghan Mac Cárthaigh]] | data-sort-value="1691" | 1691 | data-sort-value="1756" | 1756 | [[An Eatharla]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 423 | | [[Patrick Power (Staraí Éireannach)|Patrick Power]] | data-sort-value="1862" | 1862-03-08 | data-sort-value="1951" | 1951 | [[Port Láirge]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 424 | | [[Ernest Alton]] | data-sort-value="1873" | 1873 | data-sort-value="1952" | 1952-02-18 | [[An Muileann gCearr]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 425 | [[Íomhá:JJ Walsh Mugshots.jpg|center|128px]] | [[James Walsh]] | data-sort-value="1880" | 1880-02-20 | data-sort-value="1948" | 1948-11-30 | [[Droichead na Bandan]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 426 | [[Íomhá:Eva Selina Laura Gore-Booth (c. late1880s).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Eva Gore-Booth]] | data-sort-value="1870" | 1870-05-22 | data-sort-value="1926" | 1926-06-30 | [[Contae Shligigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 427 | | [[Eva Philbin]] | data-sort-value="1914" | 1914-01-04 | data-sort-value="2005" | 2005-06-24 | [[Béal an Átha]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 428 | | [[Evie Hone]] | data-sort-value="1894" | 1894-04-22 | data-sort-value="1955" | 1955-03-13 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 429 | | [[Feargal Quinn]] | data-sort-value="1936" | 1936-11-27 | data-sort-value="2019" | 2019-04-25 | [[Contae Bhaile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 430 | [[Íomhá:Roscommon St. Mary's Priory Choir Tomb Effigy 2014 08 28.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Felim mac Cathail Crobdeirg Ua Conchobair]] | | data-sort-value="1265" | 1265 | [[Cúige Chonnacht]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 431 | | [[Finbarr Dwyer]] | data-sort-value="1946" | 1946-09-20 | data-sort-value="2014" | 2014-02-08 | [[Baile Chaisleáin Bhéarra]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 432 | | [[Fintan Coogan, Mór]] | data-sort-value="1910" | 1910-04-13 | data-sort-value="1984" | 1984-11-04 | [[Contae na Gaillimhe]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 433 | | [[Flor Crowley]] | data-sort-value="1934" | 1934-12-27 | data-sort-value="1997" | 1997-05-16 | [[Droichead na Bandan]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 434 | [[Íomhá:Frank Cahill.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Francis Cahill]] | data-sort-value="1882" | 1882 | data-sort-value="1957" | 1957-10 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 435 | | [[Francis Humphreys]] | data-sort-value="1891" | 1891 | data-sort-value="1961" | 1961-04-19 | [[Corcaigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 436 | | [[Francis McGuinness]] | data-sort-value="1868" | 1868 | data-sort-value="1934" | 1934-11-30 | [[Tearmann Bearaigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 437 | [[Íomhá:FrancisSheehy-Skeffington.gif|center|128px]] | [[Francis Sheehy-Skeffington|Proinsias Mac Síthigh-Sceimhealtún]] | data-sort-value="1878" | 1878-12-23 | data-sort-value="1916" | 1916-04-26 | [[Coill an Chollaigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 438 | | [[Frank Drohan]] | data-sort-value="1879" | 1879-08-13 | data-sort-value="1953" | 1953-03-05 | [[Contae Thiobraid Árann]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 439 | [[Íomhá:JohnPhilipHolland.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Seán Pilib Ó Maolchalann]] | data-sort-value="1840" | 1840-02-29 | data-sort-value="1914" | 1914-08-12 | [[Lios Ceannúir]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 440 | [[Íomhá:Full length picture, Kevin O'Higgins, Minister of Home Affairs (23878736159) (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Kevin O’Higgins|Caoimhín Ó hUiginn]] | data-sort-value="1892" | 1892-06-07 | data-sort-value="1927" | 1927-07-10 | [[An Sráidbhaile, Contae Laoise|An Sráidbhaile]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 441 | [[Íomhá:Eoin O'Duffy.png|center|128px]] | [[Eoin O'Duffy|Eoin Ó Dubhthaigh]] | data-sort-value="1892" | 1892-10-20 | data-sort-value="1944" | 1944-11-30 | [[Baile na Lorgan]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 442 | [[Íomhá:Peter Sutherland (1985).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Peter Sutherland]] | data-sort-value="1946" | 1946-04-25 | data-sort-value="2018" | 2018-01-07 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 443 | | [[Darren Sutherland]] | data-sort-value="1982" | 1982-04-18 | data-sort-value="2009" | 2009-09-14 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 444 | [[Íomhá:RobertChildersBarton.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Riobárd Bartún]] | data-sort-value="1881" | 1881-03-14 | data-sort-value="1975" | 1975-08-10 | [[Áth na mBó]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 445 | [[Íomhá:Thomas mac curtain.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Tomás Mac Curtáin]] | data-sort-value="1884" | 1884-03-20 | data-sort-value="1920" | 1920-03-20 | ''[[:d:Q81933233|Baile an Chnocáin]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 446 | [[Íomhá:Éamonn Ceannt.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Éamonn Ceannt]] | data-sort-value="1881" | 1881-09-21 | data-sort-value="1916" | 1916-05-08 | [[Béal Átha Mó]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 447 | [[Íomhá:Mick lally.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Micheál Ó Maolallaí]] | data-sort-value="1945" | 1945-11-10 | data-sort-value="2010" | 2010-08-31 | [[Tuar Mhic Éadaigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 448 | [[Íomhá:Edouard Manet Georges Moore.jpg|center|128px]] | [[George Moore (úrscéalaí)|George Moore]] | data-sort-value="1852" | 1852-02-24 | data-sort-value="1933" | 1933-01-21 | ''[[:d:Q805406|An Baile Glas]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 449 | [[Íomhá:Daguerrotipo Brown.jpg|center|128px]] | [[William Brown (aimiréal)|William Brown]] | data-sort-value="1777" | 1777-06-22 | data-sort-value="1857" | 1857-03-14<br/>1857-03-03 | [[Béal Easa]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 450 | [[Íomhá:Seán Moylan, c. 1920 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Seán Moylan]] | data-sort-value="1888" | 1888-11-19 | data-sort-value="1957" | 1957-11-16 | [[Cill Mocheallóg]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 451 | [[Íomhá:Michael Kelly by Adele Romany.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Michael Kelly (teanór agus fear amharclainne)|Michael Kelly]] | data-sort-value="1762" | 1762-12-25 | data-sort-value="1826" | 1826-10-09 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 452 | [[Íomhá:Harry Clarke (photo).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Harry Clarke]] | data-sort-value="1889" | 1889-03-17 | data-sort-value="1931" | 1931-01-06 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 453 | [[Íomhá:Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland (1916) (14780125542).jpg|center|128px]] | [[George Petrie]] | data-sort-value="1790" | 1790-01-01 | data-sort-value="1866" | 1866-01-17 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 454 | [[Íomhá:Robert Alexander Stewart Macalister - 1870-to-1950.jpg|center|128px]] | [[R. A. Stewart Macalister|Robert Alexander Stewart MacAlister]] | data-sort-value="1870" | 1870-07-08 | data-sort-value="1950" | 1950-04-26 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 455 | [[Íomhá:RobertMallet.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Robert Mallet]] | data-sort-value="1810" | 1810-06-03 | data-sort-value="1881" | 1881-11-05 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 456 | [[Íomhá:George Charles Beresford 1934-5.jpg|center|128px]] | [[George Charles Beresford]] | data-sort-value="1864" | 1864-07-10 | data-sort-value="1938" | 1938-02-21 | [[Contae Liatroma]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 457 | [[Íomhá:Tom O'Donnell, 1982 (cropped).tif|center|128px]] | [[Tom O'Donnell]] | data-sort-value="1926" | 1926-08-30 | data-sort-value="2020" | 2020-10-08 | ''[[:d:Q104313425|Builgidín]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 458 | [[Íomhá:Robert McClure.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Robert McClure]] | data-sort-value="1807" | 1807-01-28 | data-sort-value="1873" | 1873-10-17 | [[Loch Garman]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 459 | [[Íomhá:TJ Murphy Cork Labour.png|center|128px]] | [[Timothy J. Murphy]] | data-sort-value="1893" | 1893-07-17 | data-sort-value="1949" | 1949-04-29 | [[Cluain Droichead]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 460 | [[Íomhá:MarcusDaly.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Marcus Daly]] | data-sort-value="1841" | 1841-12-05 | data-sort-value="1900" | 1900-11-12 | [[Baile Shéamais Dhuibh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 461 | [[Íomhá:VioletGibson1926.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Violet Gibson]] | data-sort-value="1876" | 1876-08-31 | data-sort-value="1956" | 1956-05-02 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 462 | [[Íomhá:David Andrews.jpg|center|128px]] | [[David Andrews]] | data-sort-value="1935" | 1935-03-15 | data-sort-value="2026" | 2026-06-27 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 463 | [[Íomhá:Robert Adams Irish Surgeon.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Robert Adams]] | data-sort-value="1791" | 1791 | data-sort-value="1875" | 1875-01-13 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 464 | [[Íomhá:Daniel Morrissey 1927.png|center|128px]] | [[Daniel Morrissey]] | data-sort-value="1895" | 1895-11-28 | data-sort-value="1981" | 1981-01-01 | [[An tAonach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 465 | [[Íomhá:Cormac Breathnach 1933 (cropped).png|center|128px]] | [[Cormac Breathnach]] | data-sort-value="1886" | 1886 | data-sort-value="1956" | 1956-05-29 | [[Cathair Saidhbhín]]<br/>''[[:d:Q65557497|An Chnapóg]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 466 | | [[Fearghal mac Maoil Dúin]] | | data-sort-value="722" | 722-12-11 | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éire]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 467 | [[Íomhá:Dublin St. Patrick's Cathedral North Transept Window King Cormac of Cashel Detail King Cormac 2012 09 26.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Cormac mac Cuileannáin]] | data-sort-value="801" | 9th century<br/>836 | data-sort-value="908" | 908-09-13 | [[Caiseal (Tiobraid Árann)|Caiseal]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 468 | | [[Conghalach Chnóbha|Congalach Cnogba]] | data-sort-value="950" | 10th century | data-sort-value="956" | 956 | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éire]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 469 | | [[Domhnall mac Aodha]] | data-sort-value="501" | 6th century | data-sort-value="642" | 642-01 | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éire]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 470 | | [[Aodh Allán]] | data-sort-value="601" | 7th century | data-sort-value="743" | 743 | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éire]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 471 | | [[Fíonsneachta Fleách mac Dúnchadha]] | data-sort-value="650" | 7th century | data-sort-value="695" | 695 | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éire]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 472 | [[Íomhá:DaisyBates1921-2.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Daisy Bates]] | data-sort-value="1859" | 1859-10-16<br/>1859-01 | data-sort-value="1951" | 1951-04-18 | [[Ros Cré]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 473 | [[Íomhá:Daniel Mannix 1926.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Daniel Mannix]] | data-sort-value="1864" | 1864-03-04 | data-sort-value="1963" | 1963-11-06 | [[An Ráth, Contae Chorcaí|An Ráth]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 474 | | [[Denis J. O'Sullivan]] | data-sort-value="1918" | 1918-03-05 | data-sort-value="1987" | 1987-07-20 | [[Contae Chorcaí]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 475 | [[Íomhá:Charles O'Conor of Belanagare.png|center|128px]] | [[Cathal Ó Conchubhair]] | data-sort-value="1710" | 1710-01-01 | data-sort-value="1791" | 1791-07-01 | [[Contae Shligigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 476 | [[Íomhá:Charlie Bird crop.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Charlie Bird]] | data-sort-value="1949" | 1949-09-09 | data-sort-value="2024" | 2024-03-11 | [[Dumhach Thrá]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 477 | [[Íomhá:John Doyle by Henry Edward Doyle mw01929.jpg|center|128px]] | [[John Doyle]] | data-sort-value="1797" | 1797 | data-sort-value="1868" | 1868-01-02 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 478 | [[Íomhá:Christie Hennessy.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Christie Hennessy]] | data-sort-value="1945" | 1945-11-19 | data-sort-value="2007" | 2007-12-11 | [[Trá Lí]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 479 | [[Íomhá:Christopher Byrne, 1920s (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Christopher Byrne]] | data-sort-value="1886" | 1886 | data-sort-value="1957" | 1957-09-05 | [[An Charraig Dhubh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 480 | [[Íomhá:Christydignam.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Christy Dignam]] | data-sort-value="1960" | 1960-05-23 | data-sort-value="2023" | 2023-06-13 | [[Fionnghlas]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 481 | | [[Ciarán Mac Mathúna]] | data-sort-value="1925" | 1925-11-26 | data-sort-value="2009" | 2009-12-11 | [[Luimneach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 482 | [[Íomhá:Colm de Bhailís.png|center|128px]] | [[Colm de Bhailís]] | data-sort-value="1796" | 1796-05-02 | data-sort-value="1906" | 1906-02-27 | [[Leitir Mealláin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 483 | [[Íomhá:Saint Colman MacDuagh window, Hugh Lane Gallery.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Colmán mac Duach]] | data-sort-value="550" | 550<br/>6th century | data-sort-value="632" | 632-10-29 | [[Corcaigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 484 | [[Íomhá:Con Collins.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Conchubhar Ó Coileáin]] | data-sort-value="1881" | 1881-11-13 | data-sort-value="1937" | 1937-11-23 | ''[[:d:Q65559960|Aránach]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 485 | | [[Con Meaney]] | data-sort-value="1890" | 1890-12-08 | data-sort-value="1970" | 1970-09-11 | [[Sráid an Mhuilinn]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 486 | [[Íomhá:Eliza lynch 1864.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Eliza Lynch]] | data-sort-value="1835" | 1835-03-06 | data-sort-value="1886" | 1886-07-27 | [[Corcaigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 487 | | [[Breandán Breathnach]] | data-sort-value="1912" | 1912-04-01 | data-sort-value="1985" | 1985-11-06 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 488 | | [[Cathal Goulding|Cathal Ó Goillín]] | data-sort-value="1922" | 1922-01-02 | data-sort-value="1998" | 1998-12-26 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 489 | [[Íomhá:Christy Ring visits (1) 1956 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Criostóir Ó Rinn]] | data-sort-value="1920" | 1920-10-12 | data-sort-value="1979" | 1979-03-02 | [[Cluain, Contae Chorcaí|Cluain]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 490 | [[Íomhá:Ciaran O Lionaird (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Ciarán Ó Lionaird|Ciarán Ó Lionáird]] | data-sort-value="1988" | 1988-04-11 | data-sort-value="2026" | 2026-06-09 | [[Corcaigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 491 | [[Íomhá:Constance Smith in Man in the Attic.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Constance Smith]] | data-sort-value="1928" | 1928-01-22 | data-sort-value="2003" | 2003-06-30 | [[Luimneach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 492 | | [[Dónal Ó Caoimh]] | data-sort-value="1907" | 1907-06-02 | data-sort-value="1967" | 1967-06-02 | [[Mainistir Fhear Maí]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 493 | | [[Diarmaid mac Maoil na mBó|Diarmait mac Maíl na mBó]] | | data-sort-value="1072" | 1072-02-07 | [[Fearna]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 494 | [[Íomhá:D-keane-1985 Restored.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Dolores Keane]] | data-sort-value="1953" | 1953-09-26 | data-sort-value="2026" | 2026-03-16 | [[Contae na Gaillimhe]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 495 | | [[Domnall Mór Ua Briain|Domhnall Mór Ó Briain]] | | data-sort-value="1194" | 1194 | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éire]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 496 | [[Íomhá:Stowe Missal cumdach (inverted).png|center|128px]] | [[Donnchadh mac Briain|Donnchad mac Briain]] | data-sort-value="980" | 980<br/>981 | data-sort-value="1064" | 1064 | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éire]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 497 | [[Íomhá:Talbot.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Matt Talbot]] | data-sort-value="1856" | 1856-05-02 | data-sort-value="1925" | 1925-06-07 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 498 | [[Íomhá:Major John MacBride.jpg|center|128px]] | [[John MacBride (réabhlóidí)|Seán Mac Giolla Bhríde]] | data-sort-value="1868" | 1868-05-07 | data-sort-value="1916" | 1916-05-05 | [[Cathair na Mart]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 499 | [[Íomhá:Image reproduced by permission of the National Folklore Collection, University Dublin.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Eibhlís Uí Chróinín (amhránaí ar an sean-nós)|Eibhlís Uí Chróinín]] | data-sort-value="1879" | 1879-05-29 | data-sort-value="1956" | 1956-06-02 | ''[[:d:Q65558645|An Ráth Thiar]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 500 | [[Íomhá:Sean-Heuston.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Seán Heuston]] | data-sort-value="1891" | 1891-02-21 | data-sort-value="1916" | 1916-05-08 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 501 | [[Íomhá:SeamusEnnis.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Séamus Ennis]] | data-sort-value="1919" | 1919-05-05 | data-sort-value="1982" | 1982-10-05 | [[Fionnghlas]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 502 | | [[Alec Reid]] | data-sort-value="1931" | 1931-08-05 | data-sort-value="2013" | 2013-11-22 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 503 | | [[Fiach mac Aodha Ó Broin]] | data-sort-value="1534" | 1534 | data-sort-value="1597" | 1597-05-08 | [[Síol Éalaigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 504 | | [[Francis Browne]] | data-sort-value="1880" | 1880-01-03 | data-sort-value="1960" | 1960-07-07 | [[Corcaigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 505 | | [[Frank Kelly]] | data-sort-value="1938" | 1938-12-28 | data-sort-value="2016" | 2016-02-28 | [[An Charraig Dhubh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 506 | [[Íomhá:George Gardiner (boxer).jpg|center|128px]] | [[George Gardner]] | data-sort-value="1877" | 1877-03-17 | data-sort-value="1954" | 1954-07-08 | [[Lios Dúin Bhearna]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 507 | | [[Proinnsias de Priondargást]] | data-sort-value="1933" | 1933-07-13 | data-sort-value="2015" | 2015-02-20 | [[Luimneach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 508 | | [[Frank Sherwin]] | data-sort-value="1905" | 1905 | data-sort-value="1981" | 1981 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 509 | | [[Frank Stockwell]] | data-sort-value="1928" | 1928-12-07 | data-sort-value="2009" | 2009-03-09 | [[Tuaim]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 510 | | [[Frank Taylor]] | data-sort-value="1914" | 1914-05-30 | data-sort-value="1998" | 1998-04-15 | [[Contae an Chláir]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 511 | | [[Frederick Crowley]] | data-sort-value="1880" | 1880 | data-sort-value="1945" | 1945-05-05 | [[Cill Airne]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 512 | | [[George C. Bennett]] | data-sort-value="1877" | 1877 | data-sort-value="1963" | 1963-06-20 | [[Luimneach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 513 | [[Íomhá:Self-portrait of George Francis Mulvany, first Director of the National Gallery of Ireland.jpg|center|128px]] | [[George Francis Mulvany]] | data-sort-value="1809" | 1809 | data-sort-value="1869" | 1869 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 514 | [[Íomhá:George Gilmore (retouched).png|center|128px]] | [[George Gilmore]] | data-sort-value="1898" | 1898 | data-sort-value="1985" | 1985 | [[Contae Bhaile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 515 | | [[George Morrison]] | data-sort-value="1922" | 1922-11-03 | data-sort-value="2025" | 2025-08-04 | [[Trá Mhór]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 516 | | [[George Nicolls]] | data-sort-value="1886" | 1886-04-29 | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-05-11 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 517 | | [[George Wolfe]] | data-sort-value="1860" | 1860 | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-12-01 | [[An Baile Mór, Contae Chill Dara|An Baile Mór]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 518 | | [[Joan Burke]] | data-sort-value="1928" | 1928-02-08 | data-sort-value="2016" | 2016-11-27 | [[Droichead na Bandan]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 519 | | [[Seosamh Mac Donncha]] | data-sort-value="1953" | 1953 | data-sort-value="2016" | 2016-05-20 | [[Tuaim]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 520 | | [[Joe Steve Ó Neachtain]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942 | data-sort-value="2020" | 2020-01-19 | ''[[:d:Q113192695|An Chré Dhubh]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 521 | | [[John A. Murphy]] | data-sort-value="1927" | 1927-01-17 | data-sort-value="2022" | 2022-02-28 | [[Maigh Chromtha]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 522 | | [[John Coffey (iománaí)|Seán Ó Cofaigh]] | data-sort-value="1918" | 1918-01-14 | data-sort-value="2019" | 2019-08-12 | [[An Bóthar Leathan]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 523 | [[Íomhá:Dr John Crowley TD.png|center|128px]] | [[John Crowley]] | data-sort-value="1870" | 1870 | data-sort-value="1934" | 1934 | [[Corcaigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 524 | | [[Seán Moore]] | data-sort-value="1913" | 1913-05-19 | data-sort-value="1986" | 1986-10-01 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 525 | [[Íomhá:Dermot Earley 2009.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Diarmuid Ó Mochóir (Mór)|Diarmuid Ó Mochóir]] | data-sort-value="1948" | 1948-02-24 | data-sort-value="2010" | 2010-06-23 | [[Contae Ros Comáin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 526 | [[Íomhá:Father Ted's wax figure.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Dermot Morgan]] | data-sort-value="1952" | 1952-03-31 | data-sort-value="1998" | 1998-02-28 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 527 | [[Íomhá:Desmond O'Malley, 1979 (election box crop).tif|center|128px]] | [[Deasún Ó Máille]] | data-sort-value="1939" | 1939-02-02 | data-sort-value="2021" | 2021-07-21 | [[Luimneach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 528 | [[Íomhá:Liamlynchira.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Liam Ó Loingsigh]] | data-sort-value="1893" | 1893-11-20 | data-sort-value="1923" | 1923-04-10 | [[Contae Luimnigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 529 | | [[John O'Donohue]] | data-sort-value="1956" | 1956-01-01 | data-sort-value="2008" | 2008-01-03 | [[Cúige Chonnacht]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 530 | | [[Donnchadha Ó Máille]] | data-sort-value="1921" | 1921 | data-sort-value="1968" | 1968-03-10 | [[Luimneach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 531 | [[Íomhá:Joseph McGrath 1922.png|center|128px]] | [[Joseph McGrath (réabhlóidí agus fear gnó)|Seosamh Mac Craith]] | data-sort-value="1887" | 1887 | data-sort-value="1966" | 1966-03-01 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 532 | | [[Pádraig Ó Donnagáin]] | data-sort-value="1923" | 1923-10-29 | data-sort-value="2000" | 2000-11-26 | [[Mainistir Bhuithe]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 533 | | [[Aodh Fionnliath|Áed Findliath]] | | data-sort-value="879" | 879-11-20 | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éire]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 534 | | [[Donnchadh Donn|Donnchad Donn]] | data-sort-value="801" | 9th century | data-sort-value="944" | 944 | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éire]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 535 | [[Íomhá:Victor Herbert.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Victor Herbert]] | data-sort-value="1859" | 1859-02-01 | data-sort-value="1924" | 1924-05-26 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]]<br/>[[Geansaí (oileán)|Geansaí]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 536 | | [[Kieran Crotty]] | data-sort-value="1930" | 1930-08-20 | data-sort-value="2022" | 2022 | [[Port Láirge]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 537 | | [[Eamonn Casey]] | data-sort-value="1927" | 1927-04-24 | data-sort-value="2017" | 2017-03-13 | [[Contae Chiarraí]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 538 | | [[John McGahern]] | data-sort-value="1934" | 1934-11-12 | data-sort-value="2006" | 2006-03-30 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 539 | [[Íomhá:Flann for Érinn.png|center|128px]] | [[Fland Mac Máel Sechnaill|Fland mac Máel Sechnaill]] | data-sort-value="847" | 847<br/>848 | data-sort-value="916" | 916-05-25 | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éire]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 540 | | [[Domhnall mac Murchadha]] | data-sort-value="601" | 7th century | data-sort-value="763" | 763 | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éire]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 541 | [[Íomhá:Statue of Pádraic Ó Conaire in Eyre Square Galway.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Pádraic Ó Conaire]] | data-sort-value="1882" | 1882-02-28 | data-sort-value="1928" | 1928-10-06 | [[Gaillimh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 542 | [[Íomhá:Whitleystokes.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Whitley Stokes]] | data-sort-value="1830" | 1830-02-28 | data-sort-value="1909" | 1909-04-13 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 543 | | [[Patrick Baxter]] | data-sort-value="1891" | 1891-10-01 | data-sort-value="1959" | 1959-04-03 | [[Contae an Chabháin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 544 | | [[Patrick Lindsay|Patrick J. Lindsay]] | data-sort-value="1914" | 1914-01-18 | data-sort-value="1993" | 1993-06-29 | [[Cearnóg Parnell]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 545 | [[Íomhá:Buttevant St. Mary's Church North Window Lower Lights Detail Saint Colman of Cloyne Detail 2012 09 08.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Naomh Colmán|Colmán mac Léníne]] | data-sort-value="522" | 522-10-15 | data-sort-value="600" | 600-11-24 | [[Cúige Mumhan]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 546 | | [[Donnchad Midi|Donnchad Midi mac Domnaill]] | data-sort-value="733" | 733 | data-sort-value="797" | 797-02-06 | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éire]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 547 | | [[Conchúr mac Donnchadha|Conchobar mac Donnchada]] | data-sort-value="750" | 8th century | data-sort-value="833" | 833 | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éire]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 548 | [[Íomhá:Edmund Ignatius Rice.JPG|center|128px]] | [[Éamann Iognáid Rís]] | data-sort-value="1762" | 1762-06-01 | data-sort-value="1844" | 1844-08-29 | [[Callainn]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 549 | | [[Patrick Byrne]] | data-sort-value="1925" | 1925-04-02 | data-sort-value="2021" | 2021-10-19 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 550 | [[Íomhá:Boys Town founder Edward J. Flanagan.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Edward J. Flanagan]] | data-sort-value="1886" | 1886-07-13 | data-sort-value="1948" | 1948-05-15 | [[Ros Comáin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 551 | [[Íomhá:Peadar Kearney, 1912 (retouched).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Peadar Ó Cearnaigh]] | data-sort-value="1883" | 1883-12-12 | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-11-24 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 552 | [[Íomhá:Edward Joshua Cooper.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Edward Cooper]] | data-sort-value="1798" | 1798-05-01 | data-sort-value="1863" | 1863-04-28<br/>1863-04-23 | [[Faiche Stiabhna]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 553 | [[Íomhá:Wilfred Bramble (Hospital Fete) (5722158967) (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Wilfrid Brambell]] | data-sort-value="1912" | 1912-03-22 | data-sort-value="1985" | 1985-01-18 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 554 | [[Íomhá:James Barry.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Margaret Ann Bulkley (James Barry)|James Barry]] | data-sort-value="1789" | 1789 | data-sort-value="1865" | 1865-07-25 | [[Corcaigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 555 | [[Íomhá:Edwin Maxwell in Romance on the Run (1938).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Edwin Maxwell (aisteoir)|Edwin Maxwell]] | data-sort-value="1886" | 1886-02-09 | data-sort-value="1948" | 1948-08-13 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 556 | [[Íomhá:David Patrick Moran.png|center|128px]] | [[D.P. Moran|David Patrick Moran]] | data-sort-value="1869" | 1869-03-22 | data-sort-value="1936" | 1936-01-31 | [[Port Láirge]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 557 | | [[Dan Desmond]] | data-sort-value="1913" | 1913-10-03 | data-sort-value="1964" | 1964-12-09 | [[Bun an Tábhairne]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 558 | [[Íomhá:Dankeating.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Dan Keating]] | data-sort-value="1902" | 1902-01-02 | data-sort-value="2007" | 2007-10-02 | [[Caisleán na Mainge]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 559 | | [[Dan Spring]] | data-sort-value="1910" | 1910-07-01 | data-sort-value="1988" | 1988-01-01 | [[Trá Lí]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 560 | | [[Daniel Byrne]] | data-sort-value="1885" | 1885-10-05 | data-sort-value="1952" | 1952-06-09 | [[Contae Cheatharlach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 561 | | [[Daniel Corkery]] | data-sort-value="1883" | 1883-09-20 | data-sort-value="1961" | 1961-04-23 | [[Maigh Chromtha]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 562 | | [[Daniel Corkery (údar)|Daniel Corkery]] | data-sort-value="1878" | 1878-02-14 | data-sort-value="1964" | 1964-12-31 | [[Corcaigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 563 | | [[Daniel McCarthy]] | data-sort-value="1883" | 1883-01-22 | data-sort-value="1957" | 1957-03-02 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 564 | | [[Daniel Moloney]] | data-sort-value="1909" | 1909 | data-sort-value="1963" | 1963-06-26 | [[Trá Lí]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 565 | | [[Dan O’Rourke|Daniel O'Rourke]] | | data-sort-value="1968" | 1968-08-04 | [[Contae Liatroma]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 566 | | [[Daniel Vaughan]] | data-sort-value="1897" | 1897-07-27 | data-sort-value="1975" | 1975-09-23 | [[Contae Chorcaí]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 567 | | [[Darach Ó Catháin]] | data-sort-value="1922" | 1922 | data-sort-value="1987" | 1987 | ''[[:d:Q65955633|An Máimín]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 568 | [[Íomhá:Darrell Figgis, 1924.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Darrell Figgis]] | data-sort-value="1882" | 1882-09-17 | data-sort-value="1925" | 1925-10-27 | [[Ráth Maonais]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 569 | | [[Declan Costello]] | data-sort-value="1926" | 1926-08-01 | data-sort-value="2011" | 2011-06-06 | [[Fionnradharc]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 570 | | [[Gormflaith ingen Murchada]] | data-sort-value="960" | 960 | data-sort-value="1030" | 1030 | [[An Nás]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 571 | [[Íomhá:Grace Gifford by William Orpen.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Grace Gifford]] | data-sort-value="1888" | 1888-03-04 | data-sort-value="1955" | 1955-12-13 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 572 | | [[Henry Bagenal]] | data-sort-value="1556" | 1556 | data-sort-value="1598" | 1598-08-14 | [[Contae Lú]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 573 | | [[Seán Seosamh Ó Raghallaigh]] | data-sort-value="1919" | 1919 | data-sort-value="1952" | 1952 | [[Cill na Seanrátha]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 574 | [[Íomhá:John O Leary 1900 Hollyer.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Seán Ó Laoghaire (Fínín)|Seán Ó Laoghaire]] | data-sort-value="1830" | 1830-07-23 | data-sort-value="1907" | 1907-03-16 | [[Tiobraid Árann (baile)|Tiobraid Árann]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 575 | [[Íomhá:Johnoshanassy.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Seán Ó Seachnasaigh]] | data-sort-value="1818" | 1818 | data-sort-value="1883" | 1883-05-05 | [[Tiobraid Árann (baile)|Tiobraid Árann]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 576 | [[Íomhá:John Philpot Curran from NPG.jpg|center|128px]] | [[John Philpot Curran]] | data-sort-value="1750" | 1750-07-24 | data-sort-value="1817" | 1817-10-14 | [[Áth Trasna]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 577 | | [[Kevin Danaher]] | data-sort-value="1913" | 1913-01-30 | data-sort-value="2002" | 2002-03-14 | [[Áth an tSléibhe]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 578 | | [[Caoimhín Ó hIfearnáin]] | data-sort-value="1929" | 1929-08-20 | data-sort-value="2013" | 2013-01-25 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 579 | [[Íomhá:Williepearse.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Liam Mac Piarais]] | data-sort-value="1881" | 1881-11-15 | data-sort-value="1916" | 1916-05-04 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 580 | | [[Michael Coleman]] | data-sort-value="1891" | 1891-01-31 | data-sort-value="1945" | 1945-01-04 | [[Baile an Mhóta (Sligeach)|Baile an Mhóta]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 581 | [[Íomhá:Michael Herbert.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Michael Herbert]] | data-sort-value="1925" | 1925-05-17 | data-sort-value="2006" | 2006-06-20 | [[Contae Luimnigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 582 | | [[John Daly]] | data-sort-value="1867" | 1867-03-23 | data-sort-value="1932" | 1932-02-23 | [[Contae Chorcaí]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 583 | | [[John Dinneen]] | data-sort-value="1867" | 1867-03-23 | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-01 | [[Contae Chorcaí]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 584 | | [[John Flynn]] | data-sort-value="1891" | 1891-11-10 | data-sort-value="1968" | 1968-08-22 | [[Cathair Saidhbhín]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 585 | | [[John Galvin]] | data-sort-value="1907" | 1907-05-15 | data-sort-value="1963" | 1963-10-11 | [[Contae Chorcaí]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 586 | [[Íomhá:Revised John George Adair thVHV7GP97.jpg|center|128px]] | [[John George Adair]] | data-sort-value="1823" | 1823-03-03 | data-sort-value="1885" | 1885-05-04 | [[Contae Laoise]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 587 | [[Íomhá:John Good (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[John Good]] | | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-04-02 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 588 | | [[John Healy]] | data-sort-value="1903" | 1903-05-26 | data-sort-value="1995" | 1995 | [[Corcaigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 589 | [[Íomhá:John Hely-Hutchinson.jpg|center|128px]] | [[John Hely-Hutchinson]] | data-sort-value="1724" | 1724 | data-sort-value="1794" | 1794-09-04 | [[Mala]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 590 | | [[John Jinks]] | data-sort-value="1872" | 1872 | data-sort-value="1934" | 1934-09-11 | [[Droim Chliabh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 591 | | [[John Joe Doyle]] | data-sort-value="1906" | 1906-06-14 | data-sort-value="2000" | 2000-08-11 | [[Cora Chaitlín]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 592 | | [[John Joe McGirl]] | data-sort-value="1921" | 1921-03-25 | data-sort-value="1988" | 1988-12-08 | [[Béal an Átha Móir]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 593 | | [[John Joe O'Reilly]] | data-sort-value="1881" | 1881-04-24 | data-sort-value="1967" | 1967-12-28 | [[Contae Liatroma]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 594 | | [[John Joe Rice]] | data-sort-value="1893" | 1893 | data-sort-value="1970" | 1970-07-24 | [[Neidín]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 595 | | [[Seán Ó Céin]] | data-sort-value="1917" | 1917-02-18 | data-sort-value="1975" | 1975-10-01 | [[Port Láirge]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 596 | | [[Lochlainn Ó Raifeartaigh]] | data-sort-value="1933" | 1933-03-11 | data-sort-value="2000" | 2000-11-18 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 597 | [[Íomhá:Roger Boyle, 1st Earl of Orrery 1571466001 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Roger Boyle, 1ú Iarla Orbhraí|Roger Boyle, Céad Iarla Orbhraí]] | data-sort-value="1621" | 1621-04-25 | data-sort-value="1679" | 1679-10-16 | [[Lios Mór]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 598 | | [[Oliver J. Flanagan]] | data-sort-value="1920" | 1920-05-22 | data-sort-value="1987" | 1987-04-26 | [[Móinteach Mílic]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 599 | [[Íomhá:Paddy Smith, 1927.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Patrick "Paddy" Smith|Patrick Smith]] | data-sort-value="1901" | 1901-07-17 | data-sort-value="1982" | 1982-03-18 | [[Coill an Chollaigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 600 | [[Íomhá:Grayscalecurry.png|center|128px]] | [[Eoghan Ó Comhraí]] | data-sort-value="1794" | 1794-11-20 | data-sort-value="1862" | 1862-07-30 | ''[[:d:Q5297157|Dún Átha]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 601 | [[Íomhá:Rory O'Connor portrait.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Rory O'Connor|Ruairí Ó Conchúir]] | data-sort-value="1883" | 1883-11-28 | data-sort-value="1922" | 1922-12-08 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 602 | | [[James Geoghegan (Fianna Fáil)|James Geoghegan]] | data-sort-value="1886" | 1886-12-08 | data-sort-value="1951" | 1951-03-27 | [[An Muileann gCearr]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 603 | [[Íomhá:For remembrance, soldier poets who have fallen in the war, Adcock, 1920 DJVU pg 71.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Francis Ledwidge]] | data-sort-value="1887" | 1887-08-19 | data-sort-value="1917" | 1917-07-31 | [[Baile Shláine]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 604 | [[Íomhá:Michael Davitt (Charlie Farr) restored.png|center|128px]] | [[Michael Davitt (feachtasóir)|Mícheál Dáibhéad]] | data-sort-value="1846" | 1846-03-25 | data-sort-value="1906" | 1906-05-30 | [[An tSráid]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 605 | | [[Marianus Scottus]] | data-sort-value="1028" | 1028 | data-sort-value="1082" | 1082-12-22 | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éire]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 606 | [[Íomhá:Portrait of Ambrosio O'Higgins.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Ambrós Ó hUiginn]] | data-sort-value="1720" | 1720-02-13 | data-sort-value="1801" | 1801-03-19 | [[Baile an Fharaidh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 607 | | [[Martin Cahill]] | data-sort-value="1949" | 1949-05-23 | data-sort-value="1994" | 1994-08-18 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 608 | [[Íomhá:Orpen OSJGogarty.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Oliver St. John Gogarty|Oliver St John Gogarty]] | data-sort-value="1878" | 1878-08-17 | data-sort-value="1957" | 1957-09-22 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 609 | [[Íomhá:Thomas Kent, executed Irish nationalist 1916.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Tomás Ceannt]] | data-sort-value="1865" | 1865-08-29 | data-sort-value="1916" | 1916-05-09 | [[Caisleán Ó Liatháin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 610 | [[Íomhá:Hugh Kennedy.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Hugh Kennedy]] | data-sort-value="1879" | 1879-07-11 | data-sort-value="1936" | 1936-12-01 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 611 | | [[Peadar Rís]] | data-sort-value="1935" | 1935-06-16 | data-sort-value="1992" | 1992-10-25 | [[Dún Dealgan]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 612 | | [[Timothy O'Donovan]] | data-sort-value="1881" | 1881-04-04 | data-sort-value="1951" | 1951 | [[Contae Chorcaí]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 613 | | [[John Ormonde]] | data-sort-value="1905" | 1905-09-15 | data-sort-value="1981" | 1981-06-25 | [[Contae Phort Láirge]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 614 | [[Íomhá:Seanoriada.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Seán Ó Riada]] | data-sort-value="1931" | 1931-08-01 | data-sort-value="1971" | 1971-10-03 | [[Corcaigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 615 | [[Íomhá:Terrence mac swiney.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Traolach Mac Suibhne]] | data-sort-value="1879" | 1879-03-28 | data-sort-value="1920" | 1920-10-25 | [[Corcaigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 616 | [[Íomhá:John B. Keane, Irish playwright, cropped.jpg|center|128px]] | [[John B. Keane]] | data-sort-value="1928" | 1928-07-21 | data-sort-value="2002" | 2002-05-30 | [[Lios Tuathail]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 617 | | [[Michael K. Noonan]] | data-sort-value="1900" | 19th century | data-sort-value="2000" | 20th century | [[Contae Chorcaí]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 618 | | [[Feargal Ó hAnnluain]] | data-sort-value="1936" | 1936-02-02 | data-sort-value="1957" | 1957-01-01 | [[Muineachán]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 619 | | [[Mícheál Ó Móráin|Micheál Ó Móráin]] | data-sort-value="1912" | 1912-12-25 | data-sort-value="1983" | 1983-05-06 | [[Contae Mhaigh Eo]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 620 | | [[James FitzGerald-Kenney]] | data-sort-value="1878" | 1878-01-01 | data-sort-value="1956" | 1956-10-21 | [[Clár Chlainne Mhuiris]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 621 | | [[Fiachra Ó Ceallaigh]] | data-sort-value="1933" | 1933-08-18 | data-sort-value="2018" | 2018-07-29 | [[Lios Uí Chathasaigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 622 | [[Íomhá:Richie Ryan, 1981 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Richie Ryan]] | data-sort-value="1929" | 1929-02-27 | data-sort-value="2019" | 2019-03-17 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 623 | [[Íomhá:Judge Fionan O'Loingsigh - 1948.tif|center|128px]] | [[Fionán Ó Loingsigh]] | data-sort-value="1889" | 1889-03-17 | data-sort-value="1966" | 1966-06-03 | [[Cathair Saidhbhín]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 624 | [[Íomhá:Katherine Plunket.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Katherine Plunket]] | data-sort-value="1820" | 1820-11-22 | data-sort-value="1932" | 1932-10-14 | [[Contae Lú]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 625 | [[Íomhá:Garret FitzGerald 1975 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Garret Fitzgerald|Gearóid Mac Gearailt]] | data-sort-value="1926" | 1926-02-09 | data-sort-value="2011" | 2011-05-19 | [[Droichead na Dothra]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 626 | [[Íomhá:Nonpareil Jack Dempsey portrait.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Nonpareil Dempsey]] | data-sort-value="1862" | 1862-12-15 | data-sort-value="1895" | 1895-11-02<br/>1896-11-01 | [[An Currach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 627 | | [[Frank Daly]] | data-sort-value="1886" | 1886 | data-sort-value="1950" | 1950-02-18 | [[Corcaigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 628 | [[Íomhá:Dublin Martyrs by Conall McCabe (2001).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Proinsias Táilliúir (mairtíreach)|Proinnsias Táiliúr]] | data-sort-value="1550" | 1550 | data-sort-value="1621" | 1621-01-30 | [[Sord]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 629 | | [[Gerald Fitzgibbon]] | data-sort-value="1866" | 1866-10-08 | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-12-06 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 630 | | [[Gerard Lynch]] | data-sort-value="1931" | 1931-06-15 | data-sort-value="2025" | 2025-12-20 | [[Contae Chiarraí]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 631 | | [[Gerry L'Estrange]] | data-sort-value="1917" | 1917-11-07 | data-sort-value="1996" | 1996-04-05 | [[An tSráid, Contae na hIarmhí|An tSráid]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 632 | | [[Gerard McDonnell]] | data-sort-value="1971" | 1971-01-20 | data-sort-value="2008" | 2008-08-02 | ''[[:d:Q4220515|Cill Churnáin]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 633 | [[Íomhá:Saint Gobnait.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Gobnait]] | | data-sort-value="501" | 6th century | [[Contae an Chláir]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 634 | | [[Godfrey Timmins]] | data-sort-value="1927" | 1927-09-06 | data-sort-value="2001" | 2001-04-11 | [[Bealach Conglais]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 635 | [[Íomhá:Pictiúr fíorach.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Graham Knuttel]] | data-sort-value="1954" | 1954 | data-sort-value="2023" | 2023 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 636 | | [[Margaretta Bowen]] | data-sort-value="1880" | 1880-01-01 | data-sort-value="1981" | 1981-04-08 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 637 | | [[Roddy Connolly]] | data-sort-value="1901" | 1901-02-11 | data-sort-value="1980" | 1980-12-16 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 638 | [[Íomhá:William Dargan - Project Gutenberg eText 17293.jpg|center|128px]] | [[William Dargan]] | data-sort-value="1799" | 1799-02-28 | data-sort-value="1867" | 1867-02-07 | [[Contae Cheatharlach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 639 | | [[Gus Healy]] | data-sort-value="1904" | 1904-05-20 | data-sort-value="1987" | 1987-07-10 | [[Corcaigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 640 | [[Íomhá:Hanna Sheehy-Skeffington in 1916.png|center|128px]] | [[Hanna Sheehy-Skeffington]] | data-sort-value="1877" | 1877-05-24 | data-sort-value="1946" | 1946-04-20 | [[Ceann Toirc]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 641 | | [[Helena Molony]] | data-sort-value="1883" | 1883-01-15 | data-sort-value="1967" | 1967-01-28<br/>1967-01-29 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 642 | [[Íomhá:ThomasAddisEmmet.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Thomas Addis Emmet]] | data-sort-value="1764" | 1764-04-24 | data-sort-value="1827" | 1827-11-14 | [[Corcaigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 643 | | [[Henry Barron (breitheamh)|Henry Barron]] | data-sort-value="1928" | 1928-05-25 | data-sort-value="2010" | 2010-02-25 | [[Deilginis]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 644 | [[Íomhá:Niamh Bhreathnach.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Niamh Bhreathnach]] | data-sort-value="1945" | 1945-06-01 | data-sort-value="2023" | 2023-02-06 | [[Baile Uí Lachnáin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 645 | | [[Peadar Doyle]] | data-sort-value="1900" | 19th century | data-sort-value="1956" | 1956-08-04 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 646 | [[Íomhá:Gearoid O'Sullivan (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Gearóid Ó Súilleabháin]] | data-sort-value="1891" | 1891-01-28 | data-sort-value="1948" | 1948-03-25 | [[An Sciobairín]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 647 | | [[Shane McEntee]] | data-sort-value="1956" | 1956-12-19 | data-sort-value="2012" | 2012-12-21 | [[An Obair]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 648 | | [[Gemma Hussey]] | data-sort-value="1938" | 1938-11-11 | data-sort-value="2024" | 2024-11-26 | [[Bré]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 649 | [[Íomhá:Gene Fitzgerald, 1978 (cropped).tif|center|128px]] | [[Gene Fitzgerald]] | data-sort-value="1932" | 1932-08-21 | data-sort-value="2007" | 2007-12-14 | [[An Baile Gallda]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 650 | [[Íomhá:George Colley, 1979 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Seoirse Ó Colla]] | data-sort-value="1925" | 1925-10-18 | data-sort-value="1983" | 1983-09-17 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 651 | | [[Gerard Sweetman]] | data-sort-value="1908" | 1908-06-10 | data-sort-value="1970" | 1970-01-28 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 652 | [[Íomhá:Gerry Ryan.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Gerry Ryan]] | data-sort-value="1956" | 1956-06-04 | data-sort-value="2010" | 2010-04-30 | [[Cluain Tarbh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 653 | [[Íomhá:PJ Ruttledge.png|center|128px]] | [[P. J. Ruttledge]] | data-sort-value="1892" | 1892 | data-sort-value="1952" | 1952-05-08 | [[Béal an Átha]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 654 | [[Íomhá:President John F. Kennedy Meets with Lord Mayor of Dublin Robert Briscoe (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Robert Briscoe]] | data-sort-value="1894" | 1894-09-25 | data-sort-value="1969" | 1969-03-11 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 655 | | [[Paddy O’Toole]] | data-sort-value="1938" | 1938-01-15 | data-sort-value="2025" | 2025-05-11 | [[Contae Mhaigh Eo]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 656 | [[Íomhá:Sir Hugh Percy Lane.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Hugh Lane]] | data-sort-value="1875" | 1875-11-09 | data-sort-value="1915" | 1915-05-07 | [[Contae Chorcaí]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 657 | | [[John Lynch (Ciarraí)|John Lynch]] | data-sort-value="1889" | 1889-04-10 | data-sort-value="1957" | 1957-06-10 | [[Corcaigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 658 | | [[John Mannion, Mór]] | data-sort-value="1907" | 1907-06-04 | data-sort-value="1978" | 1978-09-10 | [[An Clochán (Contae na Gaillimhe)|An Clochán]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 659 | | [[John Mannion Óg]] | data-sort-value="1944" | 1944-10-26 | data-sort-value="2006" | 2006-04-02 | [[Contae na Gaillimhe]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 660 | | [[Seán Ó Murchú (sagart)|Seán Ó Murchú]] | data-sort-value="1753" | 1753 | data-sort-value="1798" | 1798<br/>1798-06-26 | [[Contae Loch Garman]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 661 | | [[John O’Byrne|John O'Byrne]] | data-sort-value="1884" | 1884-04-24 | data-sort-value="1954" | 1954-01-14 | [[Ceatharlach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 662 | | [[John O'Donovan]] | data-sort-value="1908" | 1908 | data-sort-value="1982" | 1982-05-17 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 663 | | [[John O'Leary (Loch Garman)|John O'Leary]] | data-sort-value="1894" | 1894-09-01 | data-sort-value="1959" | 1959-06-21 | [[Contae Loch Garman]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 664 | | [[John O'Leary (Ciarraí)|John O'Leary]] | data-sort-value="1933" | 1933-05-03 | data-sort-value="2015" | 2015-10-05 | [[Cill Airne]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 665 | [[Íomhá:John O'Mahony.jpg|center|128px]] | [[John O'Mahony]] | data-sort-value="1953" | 1953-06-08 | data-sort-value="2024" | 2024-07-06 | [[Cill Mobhí]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 666 | | [[John O'Sullivan (Corcaigh)|John O'Sullivan]] | data-sort-value="1901" | 1901-06-08 | data-sort-value="1990" | 1990-02-28 | [[Contae Chorcaí]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 667 | [[Íomhá:Thomas MacDonagh.png|center|128px]] | [[Tomás Mac Donnchadha]] | data-sort-value="1878" | 1878-02-01 | data-sort-value="1916" | 1916-05-03 | [[Cloch Shiurdáin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 668 | [[Íomhá:Seán Mac Diarmada.png|center|128px]] | [[Seán Mac Diarmada]] | data-sort-value="1883" | 1883-02-28 | data-sort-value="1916" | 1916-05-12 | [[Coillte Clochair]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 669 | [[Íomhá:Conn Colbert.JPG|center|128px]] | [[Conchur Ó Colbaird]] | data-sort-value="1888" | 1888-10-19 | data-sort-value="1916" | 1916-05-08 | [[Contae Luimnigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 670 | [[Íomhá:Michael O'Hanrahan.JPG|center|128px]] | [[Mícheál Ó hAnnracháin|Micheál Ó hAnnracháin]] | data-sort-value="1877" | 1877-01-16 | data-sort-value="1916" | 1916-05-04 | [[Ros Mhic Thriúin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 671 | [[Íomhá:Michael Mallin - (Commandant Irish Republican Army) Executed May 8th, 1916. (36052732403).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Mícheál Ó Mulláin]] | data-sort-value="1874" | 1874-12-01 | data-sort-value="1916" | 1916-05-08 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 672 | [[Íomhá:Edwarddaly.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Éamonn Ó Dálaigh]] | data-sort-value="1891" | 1891-02-25 | data-sort-value="1916" | 1916-05-04 | [[Luimneach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 673 | [[Íomhá:The O'Rahilly (28201706279) (2).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Mícheál Seosamh Ó Rathaille]] | data-sort-value="1875" | 1875-04-22<br/>1875-04-21 | data-sort-value="1916" | 1916-04-29<br/>1916-04-28 | [[Béal Átha Longfoirt]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 674 | | [[Máire Mhac an tSaoi]] | data-sort-value="1922" | 1922-04-04 | data-sort-value="2021" | 2021-10-16 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 675 | [[Íomhá:Seán Ó Ríordáin - Bust.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Seán Ó Ríordáin]] | data-sort-value="1916" | 1916-12-03 | data-sort-value="1977" | 1977-02-21 | [[Baile Bhuirne]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 676 | [[Íomhá:Peig Sayers c1945.png|center|128px]] | [[Peig Sayers]] | data-sort-value="1873" | 1873 | data-sort-value="1958" | 1958 | [[Dún Chaoin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 677 | | [[Moss Keane]] | data-sort-value="1948" | 1948-07-27 | data-sort-value="2010" | 2010-10-05 | [[Corra]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 678 | | [[Eoghan Ó Tuairisc]] | data-sort-value="1919" | 1919-04-03 | data-sort-value="1982" | 1982-08-24 | [[Béal Átha na Sluaighe]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 679 | | [[Muiris Ó Súilleabháin]] | data-sort-value="1904" | 1904-02-19 | data-sort-value="1950" | 1950-06-25 | [[An Blascaod Mór]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 680 | | [[Seán Ó Tuama]] | data-sort-value="1926" | 1926-01-28 | data-sort-value="2006" | 2006-10-14 | [[Corcaigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 681 | | [[Murchadh mac Diarmada|Murchad mac Diarmata]] | | data-sort-value="1070" | 1070 | [[Cúige Laighean]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 682 | | [[Ulick O'Connor]] | data-sort-value="1928" | 1928 | data-sort-value="2019" | 2019-10-07 | [[Ráth Garbh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 683 | [[Íomhá:Peadar Ua Laoghaire.png|center|128px]] | [[Peadar Ua Laoghaire]] | data-sort-value="1839" | 1839-04 | data-sort-value="1920" | 1920-03-21 | [[Cluain Droichead]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 684 | | [[Seán Clárach Mac Domhnaill]] | data-sort-value="1691" | 1691 | data-sort-value="1754" | 1754-01-07 | ''[[:d:Q4518970|Baile an Teampaill]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 685 | | [[Nioclás Tóibín (amhránaí)|Nioclás Tóibín]] | data-sort-value="1928" | 1928-02-05 | data-sort-value="1994" | 1994-09-19 | ''[[:d:Q65559250|Baile Uí Raghallaigh]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 686 | | [[Paddy Ambrose]] | data-sort-value="1928" | 1928-10-17 | data-sort-value="2002" | 2002-02-22 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 687 | | [[Paddy Coad]] | data-sort-value="1920" | 1920-04-04 | data-sort-value="1992" | 1992-08-03<br/>1992-03-08 | [[Port Láirge]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 688 | [[Íomhá:P W Joyce.png|center|128px]] | [[Patrick Weston Joyce]] | data-sort-value="1827" | 1827 | data-sort-value="1914" | 1914-01-07 | [[Luimneach]]<br/>[[An Sliabh Riabhach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 689 | | [[Myles Dillon]] | data-sort-value="1900" | 1900-04-11 | data-sort-value="1972" | 1972-06-18 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 690 | [[Íomhá:Robert Dwyer Joyce.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Robert Dwyer Joyce]] | data-sort-value="1830" | 1830<br/>1836 | data-sort-value="1883" | 1883 | [[Luimneach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 691 | [[Íomhá:Ruairí Ó Brádaigh 2004.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Ruairí Ó Brádaigh]] | data-sort-value="1932" | 1932-10-02 | data-sort-value="2013" | 2013-06-05 | [[An Longfort]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 692 | | [[Seán 'ac Dhonncha]] | data-sort-value="1919" | 1919-10-02 | data-sort-value="1996" | 1996-12-14 | [[An Aird Thiar]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 693 | | [[Seán Puircell]] | data-sort-value="1928" | 1928-12-17 | data-sort-value="2005" | 2005-08-27 | [[Tuaim]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 694 | | [[Seán Ó Conaill]] | data-sort-value="1853" | 1853-01-21 | data-sort-value="1931" | 1931-05-21 | ''[[:d:Q104310160|Cill Rialaigh]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 695 | | [[Dáibhí Ó Bruadair]] | data-sort-value="1625" | 1625 | data-sort-value="1698" | 1698-01 | [[Barraigh Mhóra]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 696 | [[Íomhá:John Dillon.jpg|center|128px]] | [[John Dillon|Seán Diolún]] | data-sort-value="1851" | 1851-09-04 | data-sort-value="1927" | 1927-08-04 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 697 | [[Íomhá:Thomas Antisell (1817-1893).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Thomas Antisell]] | data-sort-value="1817" | 1817-01-16 | data-sort-value="1893" | 1893-06-14 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 698 | [[Íomhá:A rest in rotten row.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Rose Maynard Barton]] | data-sort-value="1856" | 1856-04-21 | data-sort-value="1929" | 1929 | [[Contae Thiobraid Árann]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 699 | [[Íomhá:Rosemary Smith 1965.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Rosemary Smith]] | data-sort-value="1937" | 1937-08-07 | data-sort-value="2023" | 2023-12-05 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 700 | | [[Ruairí Brugha]] | data-sort-value="1917" | 1917-10-15 | data-sort-value="2006" | 2006-01-31 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 701 | | [[Rónán Mac Aodha Bhuí]] | data-sort-value="1970" | 1970-05-06 | data-sort-value="2023" | 2023-09-19 | [[Corcaigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 702 | | [[Samuel Holt]] | data-sort-value="1887" | 1887 | data-sort-value="1929" | 1929-04-18 | [[An Chúil, Contae na hIarmhí|An Chúil]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 703 | [[Íomhá:Sarah Purser by John Butler Yeats.png|center|128px]] | [[Sarah Purser]] | data-sort-value="1848" | 1848-03-22 | data-sort-value="1943" | 1943-08-07 | [[Dún Laoghaire]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 704 | [[Íomhá:Jack Doyle, circa the early 1930s.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Jack Doyle]] | data-sort-value="1913" | 1913-08-31 | data-sort-value="1978" | 1978-12-13 | [[An Cóbh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 705 | [[Íomhá:Dublin Old Library Trinity College 05.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Henry Joseph Monck Mason]] | data-sort-value="1778" | 1778-07-15 | data-sort-value="1858" | 1858-04-14 | [[Contae Chill Mhantáin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 706 | [[Íomhá:Henry Kelly hosting 'After Dark' (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Henry Kelly]] | data-sort-value="1946" | 1946-04-17 | data-sort-value="2025" | 2025-02-25 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 707 | [[Íomhá:Tom Hales, circa 1920s.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Tom Hales]] | data-sort-value="1892" | 1892-03-05 | data-sort-value="1966" | 1966-04-29 | [[Baile na Daibhche]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 708 | [[Íomhá:Timothy Harrington.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Timothy Harrington]] | data-sort-value="1851" | 1851 | data-sort-value="1910" | 1910-03-12 | [[Beanntraí]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 709 | | [[Honor Crowley]] | data-sort-value="1903" | 1903-10-19 | data-sort-value="1966" | 1966-10-18 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 710 | | [[Hugh Byrne (Fine Gael)|Hugh Byrne]] | data-sort-value="1939" | 1939-07-05 | data-sort-value="2023" | 2023-04-22 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 711 | | [[Hugh Colohan]] | data-sort-value="1894" | 1894-09-30 | data-sort-value="1931" | 1931-04-15 | [[Contae Chill Dara]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 712 | | [[Hugh Geoghegan]] | data-sort-value="1938" | 1938-05-16 | data-sort-value="2024" | 2024-07-07 | [[Baile Átha Luain]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 713 | [[Íomhá:Dr Hugh Gibbons.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Hugh Gibbons]] | data-sort-value="1916" | 1916-07-06 | data-sort-value="2007" | 2007-11-13 | [[Béal na mBuillí]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 714 | [[Íomhá:John T O'Brien.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Seán Tuathmhumhain Ó Briain]] | data-sort-value="1786" | 1786-06-24 | data-sort-value="1861" | 1861-06-01 | [[Bealach Conglais]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 715 | [[Íomhá:Frank Ryan from the International Brigades, Zaragoza, 5 April 1938 (28963225728).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Frank Ryan|Proinsias Ó Riain]] | data-sort-value="1902" | 1902-09-11 | data-sort-value="1944" | 1944-06-10 | [[Contae Luimnigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 716 | | [[J. J. Clancy]] | data-sort-value="1890" | 1890-01-23 | data-sort-value="1932" | 1932-05-01 | [[Cúil Mhuine]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 717 | | [[Johnny Callanan]] | data-sort-value="1910" | 1910-05-20 | data-sort-value="1982" | 1982-06-15 | [[Contae na Gaillimhe]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 718 | | [[Johnny Connor]] | data-sort-value="1899" | 1899 | data-sort-value="1955" | 1955-12-11 | [[Trá Lí]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 719 | | [[Johnny Geoghegan]] | data-sort-value="1913" | 1913-11-05 | data-sort-value="1975" | 1975-01-05 | [[Contae na Gaillimhe]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 720 | [[Íomhá:Jon Kenny and Seán Kelly (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Jon Kenny]] | data-sort-value="1957" | 1957-12-12 | data-sort-value="2024" | 2024-11-15 | [[An tOspidéal]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 721 | [[Íomhá:Jonathan Pim 1806-1885.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Jonathan Pim (1806–1885)|Jonathan Pim]] | data-sort-value="1806" | 1806 | data-sort-value="1885" | 1885-07-06 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 722 | | [[Joseph Bermingham]] | data-sort-value="1919" | 1919-05-09 | data-sort-value="1995" | 1995-08-11 | [[Contae Chill Dara]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 723 | | [[Joseph Hughes]] | data-sort-value="1905" | 1905-09-18 | data-sort-value="1960" | 1960-01-20 | [[Dún Garbhán]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 724 | [[Íomhá:Joseph McGuiness (38537799191).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Joseph McGuinness]] | data-sort-value="1875" | 1875-04-10 | data-sort-value="1922" | 1922-05-31 | [[Tearmann Bearaigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 725 | | [[Justin McKenna]] | data-sort-value="1896" | 1896-06-09 | data-sort-value="1950" | 1950-03-23 | [[Contae an Chabháin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 726 | [[Íomhá:Kate Meyrick.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Kate Meyrick]] | data-sort-value="1875" | 1875-08-07 | data-sort-value="1933" | 1933-01-19 | [[Dún Laoghaire]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 727 | [[Íomhá:Sinn Fein Standing Committee - Ard Fheis in Dublin 21 Feb1922.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Kathleen Lynn]] | data-sort-value="1874" | 1874-01-28 | data-sort-value="1955" | 1955-09-14 | [[Cill Ala]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 728 | [[Íomhá:Kathleen O'Callaghan.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Kathleen O'Callaghan]] | data-sort-value="1885" | 1885-10-11 | data-sort-value="1961" | 1961-03-16 | ''[[:d:Q104304114|Crois Uí Mhathúna]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 729 | | [[Kathleen O'Connor]] | data-sort-value="1934" | 1934-07-30 | data-sort-value="2017" | 2017-12-13 | [[Trá Lí]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 730 | | [[James Kelly (Fianna Fáil)|James Kelly]] | No/unknown value | No/unknown value | [[Contae na Mí]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 731 | | [[Muiris Mac Conghail]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-05-12 | data-sort-value="2019" | 2019-11-25 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 732 | | [[Myrtle Allen]] | data-sort-value="1924" | 1924-03-13 | data-sort-value="2018" | 2018-06-13 | ''[[:d:Q7810423|Tivoli, Corcaigh]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 733 | [[Íomhá:Maire-Ni-Chineide2.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Máire Ní Chinnéide]] | data-sort-value="1879" | 1879-01-17 | data-sort-value="1967" | 1967-05-25 | [[Ráth Maonais]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 734 | [[Íomhá:Portrait of Maire Nic Shiubhlaigh P3647.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Máire Nic Shiubhlaigh]] | data-sort-value="1883" | 1883-05-05 | data-sort-value="1958" | 1958-09-09 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 735 | | [[Nollaig Ó Gadhra]] | data-sort-value="1943" | 1943-12-16 | data-sort-value="2008" | 2008-08-13 | [[Fíonach, Contae Luimnigh|Fíonach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 736 | [[Íomhá:P. J. Moloney, 22 Jan 1919 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[P. J. Moloney]] | data-sort-value="1869" | 1869-03-20 | data-sort-value="1947" | 1947-09-04 | [[Contae Thiobraid Árann]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 737 | | [[Tom Munnelly]] | data-sort-value="1944" | 1944-05-25 | data-sort-value="2007" | 2007-08-30 | [[Ráth Maonais]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 738 | | [[Tommy Langan]] | data-sort-value="1921" | 1921-09-23 | data-sort-value="1974" | 1974-09-22 | [[Caisleán an Bharraigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 739 | | [[Tomás Ó Murchú]] | data-sort-value="1921" | 1921 | data-sort-value="1985" | 1985 | [[Contae Laoise]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 740 | | [[Peadar Ó Gealacáin]] | data-sort-value="1793" | 1793 | data-sort-value="1860" | 1860 | [[Maigh nEalta]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 741 | | [[Éamon de Buitléar]] | data-sort-value="1930" | 1930-01-22 | data-sort-value="2013" | 2013-01-27 | [[Bré]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 742 | | [[Aodh Mac Gabhráin]] | data-sort-value="1670" | 1670 | data-sort-value="1738" | 1738 | [[Gleann Ghaibhle]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 743 | | [[Brión mac Echach Muigmedóin]] | data-sort-value="500" | 5th century | data-sort-value="500" | 5th century | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éire]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 744 | | [[Páidí Ó Sé]] | data-sort-value="1955" | 1955-05-16 | data-sort-value="2012" | 2012-12-15 | [[Ceann Trá]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 745 | [[Íomhá:Micheál Ó Muircheartaigh in Villa Maria, Waterville. 2012.JPG|center|128px]] | [[Mícheál Ó Muircheartaigh]] | data-sort-value="1930" | 1930-08-20 | data-sort-value="2024" | 2024-06-25 | [[An Daingean|Daingean Uí Chúis]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 746 | [[Íomhá:Tom Barry IRA.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Tom Barry (Óglach na hÉireann)|Tomás de Barra]] | data-sort-value="1897" | 1897-07-01 | data-sort-value="1980" | 1980-07-02 | [[Cill Orglan]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 747 | [[Íomhá:James Stephens Fenian.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Séamas Mac Stiofáin]] | data-sort-value="1825" | 1825-01-26 | data-sort-value="1901" | 1901-04-28 | [[Cill Chainnigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 748 | [[Íomhá:Sean Keating self-portrait.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Seán Céitinn]] | data-sort-value="1889" | 1889-09-28 | data-sort-value="1977" | 1977-12-21 | [[Luimneach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 749 | [[Íomhá:Máiréad Ní Ghráda.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Máiréad Ní Ghráda]] | data-sort-value="1896" | 1896-12-23 | data-sort-value="1971" | 1971-06-13 | [[Cill Mháille]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 750 | | [[Brian O'Shea]] | data-sort-value="1944" | 1944-12-09 | data-sort-value="2026" | 2026-01-28 | [[Port Láirge]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 751 | [[Íomhá:Emmet Stagg, circa 2002 02.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Emmet Stagg]] | data-sort-value="1944" | 1944-10-01 | data-sort-value="2024" | 2024-03-17 | [[Maolla]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 752 | | [[Oilibhéar Breathnach]] | data-sort-value="1937" | 1937-07-13 | data-sort-value="1996" | 1996-03-09 | [[Baile Mhic Andáin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 753 | | [[Tomás de Bhaldraithe]] | data-sort-value="1916" | 1916-12-14 | data-sort-value="1996" | 1996-04-24 | ''[[:d:Q65559040|Baile na Cora]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 754 | | [[Brian O'Doherty]] | data-sort-value="1928" | 1928-05-04 | data-sort-value="2022" | 2022-11-07 | [[Bealach an Doirín]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 755 | [[Íomhá:Eamonn Andrews, 1954.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Eamonn Andrews]] | data-sort-value="1922" | 1922-12-19 | data-sort-value="1987" | 1987-11-05 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 756 | | [[Vivion de Valera]] | data-sort-value="1910" | 1910-12-13 | data-sort-value="1982" | 1982-02-16 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 757 | | [[Sinéad de Valera]] | data-sort-value="1878" | 1878-06-03 | data-sort-value="1975" | 1975-01-07 | [[Baile Brigín]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 758 | [[Íomhá:Dinneen by Yeats.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Pádraig Ua Duinnín]] | data-sort-value="1860" | 1860-12-25 | data-sort-value="1934" | 1934-09-29 | [[An Ráth Mhór]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 759 | | [[Michael Davitt (file)|Michael Davitt]] | data-sort-value="1950" | 1950-04-20 | data-sort-value="2005" | 2005-06-19 | [[Corcaigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 760 | | [[Caitlín Maude]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-06-22 | data-sort-value="1982" | 1982-06-06 | [[Casla]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 761 | [[Íomhá:Seán-south.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Seán Sabhat]] | data-sort-value="1928" | 1928 | data-sort-value="1957" | 1957-01-01 | [[Luimneach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 762 | | [[Tomás Mac Síomóin]] | data-sort-value="1938" | 1938 | data-sort-value="2022" | 2022-02-17 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 763 | | [[Máire Mullarney]] | data-sort-value="1921" | 1921-09-01 | data-sort-value="2008" | 2008-08-18 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 764 | [[Íomhá:Daniel Breen police notice1.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Dan Breen|Dónall Ó Braoin]] | data-sort-value="1894" | 1894-08-11 | data-sort-value="1969" | 1969-12-27 | [[Contae Thiobraid Árann]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 765 | [[Íomhá:Gay Byrne.JPG|center|128px]] | [[Gay Byrne]] | data-sort-value="1934" | 1934-08-05 | data-sort-value="2019" | 2019-11-04 | [[Rialto]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 766 | [[Íomhá:Jack Finlay (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Jack Finlay]] | data-sort-value="1890" | 1890 | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-09-30 | [[Contae Laoise]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 767 | | [[Jackie Fahey]] | data-sort-value="1928" | 1928-01-23 | data-sort-value="2019" | 2019-03-18 | [[Cluain Meala]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 768 | | [[Jackie Healy-Rae]] | data-sort-value="1931" | 1931-03-09 | data-sort-value="2014" | 2014-12-05 | [[Cill Gharbháin, Contae Chiarraí|Cill Gharbháin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 769 | | [[Domhnall Caomhánach]] | data-sort-value="1140" | 1140 | data-sort-value="1175" | 1175 | [[Cúige Laighean]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 770 | | [[Nicolás Bhailís]] | data-sort-value="1548" | 1548 | data-sort-value="1585" | 1585-12-14 | [[Port Láirge]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 771 | | [[Seán de Paor]] | data-sort-value="1916" | 1916-05-30 | data-sort-value="1994" | 1994-02-23 | [[Áth an Choite]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 772 | | [[James B. Lynch]] | | data-sort-value="1954" | 1954-03-12 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 773 | | [[James Berry]] | data-sort-value="1842" | 1842 | data-sort-value="1914" | 1914-06-04 | [[Bun Abhann, Contae Mhaigh Eo|Bun Abhann]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 774 | | [[James Burke (Ros Comáin)|James Burke]] | No/unknown value | data-sort-value="1964" | 1964-05-12 | [[Contae Ros Comáin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 775 | [[Íomhá:James Colbert, 1927 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[James Colbert]] | data-sort-value="1890" | 1890-01-03 | data-sort-value="1970" | 1970-01-28 | [[Caisleán Maí Tamhnach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 776 | | [[James Collins]] | data-sort-value="1900" | 1900-10-30 | data-sort-value="1967" | 1967-09-01 | [[Luimneach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 777 | | [[James Cosgrave]] | data-sort-value="1865" | 1865-09-12 | data-sort-value="1936" | 1936-04-18 | [[Dún an Uchta]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 778 | | [[James Daly]] | data-sort-value="1899" | 1899 | data-sort-value="1920" | 1920-11-02 | [[Béal Átha Mó]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 779 | | [[James Devins]] | data-sort-value="1873" | 1873 | data-sort-value="1922" | 1922-09-20 | [[Contae Shligigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 780 | | [[James Dolan]] | data-sort-value="1882" | 1882-03-29 | data-sort-value="1955" | 1955-07-14 | [[Cluainín]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 781 | [[Íomhá:Portrait of Professor J.H. Todd P4908.jpg|center|128px]] | [[James Henthorn Todd]] | data-sort-value="1805" | 1805-04-23 | data-sort-value="1869" | 1869-06-28 | [[Ráth Fearnáin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 782 | [[Íomhá:James Hickey, 1937.jpg|center|128px]] | [[James Hickey]] | data-sort-value="1886" | 1886 | data-sort-value="1966" | 1966-06-07 | [[Mala]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 783 | [[Íomhá:James (Seamus) Lennon, circa 1920s.png|center|128px]] | [[James Lennon]] | data-sort-value="1881" | 1881 | data-sort-value="1958" | 1958-08-13 | [[An Bhuiríos, Contae Cheatharlach|An Bhuiríos]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 784 | | [[Seán Ardagh]] | data-sort-value="1947" | 1947-11-25 | data-sort-value="2016" | 2016-05-17 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 785 | | [[Seán Brosnan]] | data-sort-value="1916" | 1916-12-21 | data-sort-value="1979" | 1979-04-18 | [[An Daingean|Daingean Uí Chúis]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 786 | | [[Seán Carroll]] | data-sort-value="1892" | 1892-01-20 | data-sort-value="1954" | 1954-02-01 | [[Contae Luimnigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 787 | | [[Seán Dunne]] | data-sort-value="1918" | 1918-12-18 | data-sort-value="1969" | 1969-06-25 | [[Port Láirge]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 788 | | [[Seán FitzPatrick]] | data-sort-value="1948" | 1948-05-25 | data-sort-value="2021" | 2021-11-08 | [[Contae Chill Mhantáin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 789 | | [[Seán French (1890–1937)|Seán French]] | data-sort-value="1890" | 1890-05-29 | data-sort-value="1937" | 1937-09-12 | [[Corcaigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 790 | | [[Seán French (1931–2011)|Seán French]] | data-sort-value="1931" | 1931-11-08 | data-sort-value="2011" | 2011-12-25 | [[Contae Chorcaí]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 791 | | [[Seán Hayes (polaiteoir)|Seán Hayes]] | data-sort-value="1884" | 1884 | data-sort-value="1928" | 1928-01-24 | [[Cuan Dor]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 792 | | [[Seán McCarthy (Corcaigh)|Seán McCarthy]] | data-sort-value="1889" | 1889 | data-sort-value="1974" | 1974-03-14 | ''[[:d:Q7899349|Garraí Thancaird]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 793 | [[Íomhá:Sean McGarry, Circa 1914-1923.png|center|128px]] | [[Seán McGarry]] | data-sort-value="1886" | 1886-08-02 | data-sort-value="1958" | 1958-12-09 | [[Dún Droma]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 794 | | [[Seán McCurtin]] | data-sort-value="1896" | 1896-06-24 | data-sort-value="1982" | 1982-11-12 | [[Contae Thiobraid Árann]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 795 | | [[Seán Ó Murchú (peileadóir)|Seán Ó Murchú]] | data-sort-value="1932" | 1932-12 | data-sort-value="2025" | 2025-04-14 | [[An Com, Contae Chiarraí (Corca Dhuibhne)|An Com]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 796 | | [[Seán Ó Gráda]] | data-sort-value="1889" | 1889-12-01 | data-sort-value="1966" | 1966-04-07 | [[Contae an Chláir]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 797 | | [[Seán O'Mahony]] | data-sort-value="1864" | 1864 | data-sort-value="1934" | 1934-11-28 | [[Baile Mhic Andáin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 798 | | [[Seán Ó Tiobraide]] | data-sort-value="1897" | 1897 | data-sort-value="1939" | 1939-07-15 | [[Gaillimh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 799 | | [[Seán Ó Ceallaigh (polaiteoir Cláiríneach)|Seán Ó Ceallaigh]] | data-sort-value="1896" | 1896-04-17 | data-sort-value="1994" | 1994-06-15 | [[Contae an Chláir]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 800 | | [[Johnny Chóil Mhaidhc Ó Coisdealbha]] | data-sort-value="1929" | 1929-06-21 | data-sort-value="2006" | 2006-10-27 | [[Indreabhán]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 801 | [[Íomhá:Sean Treacy circa 1919.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Seán Tracey (réabhlóidí, 1895-1920)|Seán Ó Treasaigh]] | data-sort-value="1895" | 1895-02-14 | data-sort-value="1920" | 1920-10-14 | [[Sulchóid Bheag]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 802 | | [[Seán Ó Neachtain (Scoláire Gaeilge)|Seán Ó Neachtain]] | data-sort-value="1650" | 1650 | data-sort-value="1729" | 1729-03-09 | ''[[:d:Q67061513|Cluain Oileáin]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 803 | | [[Sheila Galvin]] | data-sort-value="1914" | 1914-02-23 | data-sort-value="1983" | 1983-03-20 | [[Contae Chorcaí]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 804 | | [[Seán Ó Súilleabháin (saighdiúir)|Seán Ó Súilleabháin]] | data-sort-value="1700" | 1700 | data-sort-value="1760" | 1760 | [[Contae Chiarraí]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 805 | | [[Osmond Esmonde]] | data-sort-value="1896" | 1896-04-04 | data-sort-value="1936" | 1936-07-22 | [[Contae Loch Garman]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 806 | | [[Sorcha Ní Ghuairim]] | data-sort-value="1911" | 1911-10-11 | data-sort-value="1976" | 1976-12-24 | [[Roisín na Mainiach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 807 | [[Íomhá:Stella Steyn.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Stella Steyn]] | data-sort-value="1907" | 1907-12-26 | data-sort-value="1987" | 1987-07-21 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 808 | | [[Láimhbheartach Mac Cionnaith]] | data-sort-value="1870" | 1870-07-16 | data-sort-value="1956" | 1956-12-27 | [[Cluain Tarbh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 809 | | [[Larry McMahon]] | data-sort-value="1929" | 1929-01-18 | data-sort-value="2006" | 2006-02-16 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 810 | [[Íomhá:Laurence Ginnell.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Labhrás Mag Fhionnail]] | data-sort-value="1852" | 1852-04-09 | data-sort-value="1923" | 1923-04-17 | [[Dealbhna]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 811 | | [[Liam Ahern]] | data-sort-value="1916" | 1916-01-12 | data-sort-value="1974" | 1974-07-13 | [[Contae Chorcaí]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 812 | | [[Liam Hamilton]] | data-sort-value="1928" | 1928-09-08 | data-sort-value="2000" | 2000-11-29 | [[Baile Mhistéala]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 813 | | [[Liam Lawlor|Liam Ó Leathlobhair]] | data-sort-value="1945" | 1945-10-01 | data-sort-value="2005" | 2005-10-22 | [[Cromghlinn, BÁC|Cromghlinn]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 814 | | [[Liam Mac Con Iomaire]] | data-sort-value="1937" | 1937-10-09 | data-sort-value="2019" | 2019-05-05 | [[Casla]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 815 | | [[Liam de Róiste]] | data-sort-value="1882" | 1882-06-15 | data-sort-value="1959" | 1959-05-15 | [[Baile Mhontáin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 816 | | [[Lionel Booth]] | data-sort-value="1914" | 1914-06-12 | data-sort-value="1997" | 1997-05-31 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 817 | | [[Lorcan Robbins|Lorcán O Roibín]] | data-sort-value="1885" | 1880s | data-sort-value="1939" | 1939 | [[An Móta]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 818 | | [[Lorenzo Ó Meachair]] | data-sort-value="1899" | 1899-09-16 | data-sort-value="1973" | 1973-05-17 | [[Tulach Ruáin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 819 | | [[Luke Belton]] | data-sort-value="1918" | 1918-08-09 | data-sort-value="2006" | 2006-06-18 | [[Contae an Longfoirt]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 820 | | [[Mainie Jellett|Mainie Harriet Jellett]] | data-sort-value="1897" | 1897-04-29 | data-sort-value="1944" | 1944-02-16 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 821 | | [[Manchán Magan]] | data-sort-value="1970" | 1970-08-20 | data-sort-value="2025" | 2025-10-02 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 822 | | [[Mainchín Seoighe]] | data-sort-value="1920" | 1920-08-18 | data-sort-value="2006" | 2006-07-03 | ''[[:d:Q104313381|Baile Thancaird]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 823 | [[Íomhá:Die Sopranistin Margaret Sheridan und der Dirigent Vincenzo Bellezza in London, 1938.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Margaret Burke Sheridan]] | data-sort-value="1889" | 1889-10-15 | data-sort-value="1958" | 1958-04-16 | [[Caisleán an Bharraigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 824 | | [[Margaret Collins-O'Driscoll]] | data-sort-value="1878" | 1878 | data-sort-value="1945" | 1945-06-17 | [[Cloich na Coillte]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 825 | | [[Margaret Jane Scott Hawthorne]] | data-sort-value="1869" | 1869-01-17 | data-sort-value="1958" | 1958-05-01 | ''[[:d:Q104345161|Corr na Féinne]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 826 | | [[Margaret Mary Pearse]] | data-sort-value="1878" | 1878-08-24 | data-sort-value="1968" | 1968-11-07 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 827 | [[Íomhá:Margaret Pearse in later life.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Margaret Pearse]] | data-sort-value="1857" | 1857-02-12 | data-sort-value="1932" | 1932-04-22 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 828 | | [[Patrick Dooley]] | data-sort-value="1910" | 1910-01-14 | data-sort-value="1982" | 1982-05-02 | [[Baile Átha Í]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 829 | | [[Pádraig Ó Faoláin]] | data-sort-value="1910" | 1910-09-16 | data-sort-value="1971" | 1971-12-07 | [[Achadh Úr]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 830 | [[Íomhá:PAT INGOLDSBY 3 BW.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Pat Ingoldsby]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-08-25 | data-sort-value="2025" | 2025-03-01 | [[Mullach Íde]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 831 | | [[Patricia Burke Brogan]] | data-sort-value="1926" | 1926-03-17 | data-sort-value="2022" | 2022-09-05 | [[Cill an Dísirt]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 832 | | [[Patrick Beegan]] | data-sort-value="1895" | 1895-05-26 | data-sort-value="1958" | 1958-02-02 | [[Ceapaigh an tSeagail]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 833 | [[Íomhá:Patrick Belton, 1933.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Patrick Belton]] | data-sort-value="1885" | 1885 | data-sort-value="1945" | 1945-01-30 | [[Béal Átha Liag]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 834 | | [[Patrick Brennan]] | data-sort-value="1891" | 1891 | data-sort-value="1999" | 20th century | [[Míleac, Contae an Chláir|Míleac]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 835 | | [[Patrick Burke (An Clár)|Patrick Burke]] | data-sort-value="1879" | 1879-04-16 | data-sort-value="1945" | 1945-02-07 | [[Contae an Chláir]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 836 | | [[Patrick Burke (Baile Átha Cliath)|Patrick Burke]] | data-sort-value="1904" | 1904-01-26 | data-sort-value="1985" | 1985-09-09 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 837 | | [[Patrick Cahill]] | data-sort-value="1884" | 1884-09-11 | data-sort-value="1946" | 1946-11-12 | [[Trá Lí]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 838 | | [[Patrick Clancy]] | data-sort-value="1877" | 1877 | data-sort-value="1947" | 1947-02-21 | [[An Brú]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 839 | | [[Patrick Connor]] | data-sort-value="1906" | 1906-03-15 | data-sort-value="1989" | 1989-08-26 | [[Neidín]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 840 | | [[Patrick Crotty]] | data-sort-value="1902" | 1902-11-23 | data-sort-value="1970" | 1970-11-26 | [[Port Láirge]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 841 | | [[Stephen Barrett]] | data-sort-value="1913" | 1913-12-26 | data-sort-value="1976" | 1976-09-08 | [[Corcaigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 842 | [[Íomhá:Seán MacBride circa 1947.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Stephen Coughlan]] | data-sort-value="1910" | 1910-12-26 | data-sort-value="1994" | 1994-12-20 | [[Luimneach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 843 | | [[Stephen Fuller]] | data-sort-value="1900" | 1900-01-01 | data-sort-value="1984" | 1984 | [[Cill Flainn]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 844 | | [[Stephen Jordan]] | data-sort-value="1886" | 1886-12-26 | data-sort-value="1975" | 1975-09-15 | [[Contae na Gaillimhe]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 845 | | [[Séamus Doyle]] | data-sort-value="1885" | 1885 | data-sort-value="1971" | 1971-04-30 | [[Inis Córthaidh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 846 | | [[Séamus Fitzgerald]] | data-sort-value="1896" | 1896-08-21 | data-sort-value="1972" | 1972-07-23 | [[An Cóbh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 847 | | [[Séamus Dwyer]] | data-sort-value="1886" | 1886-11-15 | data-sort-value="1922" | 1922-12-20 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 848 | | [[Séamus Mac an Iomaire]] | data-sort-value="1891" | 1891-01-13 | data-sort-value="1967" | 1967-11-15 | [[Maínis]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 849 | [[Íomhá:Tadhg Crowley 1924 Election Poster.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Tadhg Crowley]] | data-sort-value="1890" | 1890-05-01 | data-sort-value="1970" | 1970-03-12 | [[Baile an Londraigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 850 | [[Íomhá:Tadhg O Donnchadha 1902.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Tadhg Ó Donnchadha]] | data-sort-value="1874" | 1874-09-04 | data-sort-value="1949" | 1949-09-21 | [[Contae Chorcaí]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 851 | | [[Terry Brennan]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-05-24 | data-sort-value="2020" | 2020-06-19 | [[Cairlinn]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 852 | [[Íomhá:Thaddeus Connellan, by James Northcote.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Tadhg Ó Coinnialláin]] | data-sort-value="1780" | 1780 | data-sort-value="1854" | 1854 | [[An Scrín]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 853 | [[Íomhá:ThomasBracken-NZ.JPG|center|128px]] | [[Thomas Bracken]] | data-sort-value="1843" | 1843-12-21 | data-sort-value="1898" | 1898-02-16 | [[Cluain Eois]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 854 | | [[Thomas Burke (An Clár)|Thomas Burke]] | data-sort-value="1908" | 1908-06-10 | data-sort-value="1951" | 1951-11-20 | [[Sráid na Cathrach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 855 | [[Íomhá:Thomas Davis Young Irelander.JPG|center|128px]] | [[Tomás Dáibhis]] | data-sort-value="1814" | 1814-10-14 | data-sort-value="1845" | 1845-09-16 | [[Mala]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 856 | | [[Thomas Dunne]] | data-sort-value="1926" | 1926-03-10 | data-sort-value="1990" | 1990-08-03 | [[Contae Thiobraid Árann]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 857 | [[Íomhá:TF O'Higgins, 1933.png|center|128px]] | [[Thomas F. O'Higgins]] | data-sort-value="1890" | 1890-04-08 | data-sort-value="1953" | 1953-11-01 | [[An Sráidbhaile, Contae Laoise|An Sráidbhaile]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 858 | | [[Thomas Finlay (Cumann na nGaedheal)|Thomas Finlay]] | data-sort-value="1893" | 1893-10-11 | data-sort-value="1932" | 1932-11-22 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 859 | | [[Marian Finucane]] | data-sort-value="1950" | 1950-05-21 | data-sort-value="2020" | 2020-01-02 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 860 | [[Íomhá:Mark Killilea Snr, 1927.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Mark Killilea, Mór]] | data-sort-value="1897" | 1897-01-15 | data-sort-value="1970" | 1970-09-29 | [[Contae na Gaillimhe]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 861 | [[Íomhá:Mark Killilea MEP 1994.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Mark Killilea, Óg]] | data-sort-value="1939" | 1939-09-05 | data-sort-value="2018" | 2018-12-31 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 862 | | [[Martin Brennan]] | data-sort-value="1903" | 1903-03-01 | data-sort-value="1956" | 1956-06-21 | [[Tobar an Choire]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 863 | | [[Martin Conlon]] | data-sort-value="1879" | 1879 | data-sort-value="1966" | 1966-01-23 | [[Contae Ros Comáin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 864 | | [[Martin Finn]] | data-sort-value="1917" | 1917-08-22 | data-sort-value="1988" | 1988-03-07 | [[Contae Mhaigh Eo]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 865 | [[Íomhá:Martin McDonogh.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Máirtín Mac Donnchadha]] | data-sort-value="1858" | 1858<br/>1857 | data-sort-value="1934" | 1934-11-24 | [[Garmna]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 866 | | [[Martin Medlar]] | data-sort-value="1899" | 1899-12-04 | data-sort-value="1965" | 1965-06-04 | [[Port Láirge]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 867 | | [[Martin Roddy]] | data-sort-value="1883" | 1883-12-09 | data-sort-value="1948" | 1948-01-08 | ''[[:d:Q18022071|Cill Mhic Eoghain]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 868 | | [[Martin Ryan]] | data-sort-value="1900" | 1900-01-31 | data-sort-value="1943" | 1943-07-22 | [[Contae Thiobraid Árann]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 869 | [[Íomhá:Martin savage.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Máirtín Sabhaois]] | data-sort-value="1898" | 1898 | data-sort-value="1919" | 1919-12-19 | [[Baile Easa Dara]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 870 | [[Íomhá:StateLibQld 1 114664 Men and women who rival the birds, 1930 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[An Bhantiarna Mary Heath]] | data-sort-value="1896" | 1896-11-10 | data-sort-value="1939" | 1939-05-09 | [[Cnoc an Doire]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 871 | [[Íomhá:1657534158379 P487 BANOTTI 003 MOBILE.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Mary Banotti]] | data-sort-value="1939" | 1939-05-29 | data-sort-value="2024" | 2024-05-10 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 872 | | [[Mary Colum]] | data-sort-value="1884" | 1884-06-13<br/>1887-06-13 | data-sort-value="1957" | 1957-10-22 | [[Cúil Mhuine]]<br/>[[Contae Shligigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 873 | | [[Máire Ní Aodáin]] | data-sort-value="1862" | 1862<br/>1862-05-19 | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942<br/>1942-07-12 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 874 | | [[Mary Reynolds]] | data-sort-value="1889" | 1889-10-10 | data-sort-value="1974" | 1974-08-29 | [[Contae Liatroma]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 875 | | [[Mary Ryan]] | data-sort-value="1898" | 1898-01-31 | data-sort-value="1981" | 1981-02-08 | [[Contae Thiobraid Árann]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 876 | | [[Maura Laverty]] | data-sort-value="1907" | 1907<br/>1907-05-15 | data-sort-value="1966" | 1966-07-28 | [[Ráth Iomgháin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 877 | | [[Maureen O'Carroll]] | data-sort-value="1913" | 1913-03-29 | data-sort-value="1984" | 1984-05-09 | [[Gaillimh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 878 | | [[Maureen Potter]] | data-sort-value="1925" | 1925-01-03 | data-sort-value="2004" | 2004-04-07 | [[Fionnradharc]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 879 | [[Íomhá:Maurice Davin.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Muiris Ó Daimhín]] | data-sort-value="1842" | 1842-06-29 | data-sort-value="1927" | 1927-01-27 | [[Carraig na Siúire]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 880 | | [[William Bowles]] | data-sort-value="1705" | 1705<br/>1714 | data-sort-value="1780" | 1780-08-25 | [[Contae Chorcaí]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 881 | [[Íomhá:John Boyle O'Reilly cph.3a38519.jpg|center|128px]] | [[John Boyle O'Reilly]] | data-sort-value="1844" | 1844-06-28 | data-sort-value="1890" | 1890-08-10 | [[Contae na Mí]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 882 | [[Íomhá:Major William Redmond bust, Wexford city.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Liam Mac Réamoinn|Willie Redmond]] | data-sort-value="1861" | 1861-04-15 | data-sort-value="1917" | 1917-06-07 | [[Loch Garman]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 883 | | [[Éamon Rooney]] | | data-sort-value="1993" | 1993-11-09 | [[Contae Bhaile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 884 | | [[Éamonn Mac Thomáis]] | data-sort-value="1927" | 1927-01-13 | data-sort-value="2002" | 2002-08-16 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 885 | [[Íomhá:St. Mary's Collegiate College Church, Youghal, Co. Cork.JPG|center|128px]] | [[Michael Jones (saighdiúir)|Michael Jones]] | data-sort-value="1606" | 1606 | data-sort-value="1649" | 1649-03-09 | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éire]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 886 | | [[Patrick Duffy (polaiteoir)|Patrick Duffy]] | data-sort-value="1875" | 1875-07-28 | data-sort-value="1946" | 1946-07-21 | [[Baile na Lorgan]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 887 | | [[Patrick Finucane]] | data-sort-value="1890" | 1890-12-05 | data-sort-value="1984" | 1984-04-10 | [[Mala]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 888 | | [[Patrick Fogarty]] | | data-sort-value="1947" | 1947-05-02 | [[Contae Bhaile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 889 | | [[Patrick Gaffney]] | | data-sort-value="1943" | 1943 | [[Contae Cheatharlach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 890 | | [[Patrick Giles]] | data-sort-value="1899" | 1899 | data-sort-value="1965" | 1965-03-13 | [[Maigh Dearmhaí]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 891 | | [[Patrick Hogan (Cumann na nGaedheal)|Patrick Hogan]] | data-sort-value="1891" | 1891-05-13 | data-sort-value="1936" | 1936-07-14 | [[An Ballán]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 892 | | [[Patrick Hogan (Tiobraid Árann)|Patrick Hogan]] | data-sort-value="1907" | 1907-03-25 | data-sort-value="1972" | 1972-10-05 | [[Contae Thiobraid Árann]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 893 | | [[Patrick Kerrigan]] | data-sort-value="1928" | 1928-02-21 | data-sort-value="1979" | 1979-07-04 | [[Contae Chorcaí]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 894 | | [[Patrick Kinane]] | data-sort-value="1892" | 1892-07-03 | data-sort-value="1957" | 1957-07-15 | [[Contae Thiobraid Árann]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 895 | | [[Patrick Lenihan]] | data-sort-value="1902" | 1902-09-04 | data-sort-value="1970" | 1970-03-11 | [[Cill Fhionnúrach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 896 | | [[Patrick Leonard]] | data-sort-value="1862" | 1862 | data-sort-value="1944" | 1944-05-10 | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éire]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 897 | | [[Patrick Malone]] | data-sort-value="1916" | 1916-05-30 | data-sort-value="1993" | 1993-12-03 | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éire]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 898 | | [[Patrick McCarvill]] | data-sort-value="1893" | 1893-05-23 | data-sort-value="1955" | 1955-03-16 | [[Contae Mhuineacháin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 899 | | [[Patrick O'Byrne]] | data-sort-value="1870" | 1870-08 | data-sort-value="1944" | 1944-01-20 | [[Ros Cré]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 900 | | [[Pádraig Ó Caoimh]] | data-sort-value="1881" | 1881-07-03 | data-sort-value="1973" | 1973-09-20 | ''[[:d:Q60556178|Nuachabháil]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 901 | | [[Patrick O'Malley]] | data-sort-value="1943" | 1943-07-01 | data-sort-value="2021" | 2021-03-27 | [[Luimneach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 902 | | [[Patrick Palmer]] | data-sort-value="1889" | 1889-04-13 | data-sort-value="1971" | 1971-03-21 | [[Dún na Séad]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 903 | | [[Patrick Shanahan]] | data-sort-value="1908" | 1908-03-10 | data-sort-value="2000" | 2000-02-01 | [[Contae an Chláir]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 904 | | [[Patrick Teehan]] | data-sort-value="1904" | 1904-04-14 | data-sort-value="1985" | 1985-12-25 | [[Tigh Moling]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 905 | | [[Paudge Brennan]] | data-sort-value="1922" | 1922-02-18 | data-sort-value="1998" | 1998-06-10 | [[Contae Chill Mhantáin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 906 | [[Íomhá:Paul Coghlan, June 2018 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Paul Coghlan]] | data-sort-value="1944" | 1944-06-01 | data-sort-value="2023" | 2023-06-08 | [[Cill Airne]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 907 | | [[Peadar Cowan]] | data-sort-value="1903" | 1903-10-23 | data-sort-value="1962" | 1962-05-09 | [[Ármhach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 908 | | [[Percy Dockrell]] | data-sort-value="1914" | 1914-12-27 | data-sort-value="1979" | 1979-11-22 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 909 | | [[Máel Sechnaill mac Máele Ruanaid]] | | data-sort-value="862" | 862 | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éire]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 910 | | [[Rós Ní Mhaonaigh]] | data-sort-value="1740" | 1740 | data-sort-value="1798" | 1798 | [[Contae na Mí]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 911 | | [[Thomas Harris]] | data-sort-value="1895" | 1895 | data-sort-value="1974" | 1974-02-18 | [[Contae Chill Dara]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 912 | [[Íomhá:ThomasHunter.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Thomas Hunter]] | data-sort-value="1885" | 1885 | data-sort-value="1932" | 1932-03-11 | [[Baile Chaisleáin an Róistigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 913 | | [[Thomas Hussey]] | data-sort-value="1936" | 1936-01-25 | data-sort-value="2024" | 2024-01-21 | [[Contae na Gaillimhe]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 914 | | [[Thomas Meaney]] | data-sort-value="1931" | 1931-08-11 | data-sort-value="2022" | 2022 | [[Sráid an Mhuilinn]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 915 | [[Íomhá:Irish nationalist politician Thomas O'Donnell.png|center|128px]] | [[Tomás Ó Domhnaill (polaiteoir náisiúnach Éireannach)]] | data-sort-value="1871" | 1871-11-30 | data-sort-value="1943" | 1943-06-11 | [[An Baile Dubh, Contae Chiarraí (Clann Mhuiris)|An Baile Dubh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 916 | | [[Thomas O'Donoghue]] | data-sort-value="1890" | 1890 | data-sort-value="1999" | 20th century | [[Cathair Saidhbhín]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 917 | | [[Thomas O'Mahony]] | | data-sort-value="1924" | 1924-07-20 | [[Contae Chorcaí]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 918 | [[Íomhá:MADDEN(1888) p370 THOMAS RUSSEL.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Tomás Ruiséil (reibiliúnach)|Tomás Ruiséil]] | data-sort-value="1767" | 1767-11-21 | data-sort-value="1803" | 1803-10-21 | [[Drom Átháin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 919 | | [[Thomas Tynan]] | data-sort-value="1859" | 1859 | data-sort-value="1953" | 1953-09-24 | [[Baile Briotáis]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 920 | | [[Mick Doyle (rugbaí)|Mick Doyle]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-10-13 | data-sort-value="2004" | 2004-05-11 | [[Oileán Ciarraí]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 921 | [[Íomhá:Max Arthur Macauliffe Portrait.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Micheál Mac Amhlaoibh]] | data-sort-value="1841" | 1841-09-10 | data-sort-value="1913" | 1913-03-15 | [[An Caisleán Nua, Contae Luimnigh|An Caisleán Nua]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 922 | | [[Maxwell Henry Close]] | data-sort-value="1822" | 1822 | data-sort-value="1903" | 1903-09-12 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 923 | | [[Michael Brennan (Fine Gael)|Michael Brennan]] | data-sort-value="1884" | 1884 | data-sort-value="1970" | 1970-10-06 | [[Contae Ros Comáin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 924 | | [[Michael Carty]] | data-sort-value="1916" | 1916-12-16 | data-sort-value="1975" | 1975-04-23 | [[Baile Locha Riach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 925 | [[Íomhá:Michael Colivet, circa 1920s.png|center|128px]] | [[Michael Colivet]] | data-sort-value="1882" | 1882-03-29 | data-sort-value="1955" | 1955-05-04 | [[Luimneach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 926 | | [[Michael Davern]] | data-sort-value="1900" | 1900-07-22 | data-sort-value="1973" | 1973-07-25 | [[Caiseal (Tiobraid Árann)|Caiseal]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 927 | | [[Michael Derham]] | data-sort-value="1889" | 1889 | data-sort-value="1923" | 1923-11-20 | [[Contae Bhaile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 928 | | [[Michael Doyle]] | data-sort-value="1861" | 1861 | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-09-07 | ''[[:d:Q26715338|Tagoat]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 929 | [[Íomhá:M Egan JP TC Cork cropped from Ireland's National Pledge, April 1918.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Michael Egan]] | data-sort-value="1866" | 1866-02 | data-sort-value="1947" | 1947-03 | [[Corcaigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 930 | | [[Michael F. Kitt]] | data-sort-value="1914" | 1914-09-13 | data-sort-value="1974" | 1974-12-24 | [[An Creagán, Contae na Gaillimhe|An Creagán]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 931 | [[Íomhá:Michael Heffernan TD, circa 1910s.png|center|128px]] | [[Michael Heffernan]] | data-sort-value="1885" | 1885-04-03 | data-sort-value="1970" | 1970-11-21 | [[Carraig na Siúire]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 932 | | [[Michael Lipper]] | data-sort-value="1932" | 1932-06-01 | data-sort-value="1987" | 1987-10-18 | [[Luimneach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 933 | | [[Michael Lyons]] | data-sort-value="1910" | 1910-11-01 | data-sort-value="1991" | 1991-11-19 | [[Contae Mhaigh Eo]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 934 | | [[Michael Lyster]] | data-sort-value="1954" | 1954-04-11 | data-sort-value="2026" | 2026-03-21 | [[Dún Garbhán]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 935 | | [[Michael Murphy]] | data-sort-value="1919" | 1919-03-12 | data-sort-value="2000" | 2000-10-28 | [[Contae Chorcaí]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 936 | | [[Mícheál Ó hEithir]] | data-sort-value="1920" | 1920-06-02 | data-sort-value="1996" | 1996-11-24 | [[Glas Naíon]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 937 | [[Íomhá:Michael P O'Hickey.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Micheál Ó hIceadha]] | data-sort-value="1860" | 1860-03-12<br/>1861-03-12 | data-sort-value="1916" | 1916-11-19 | ''[[:d:Q104319975|An Charraig Bheag]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 938 | | [[Micheál Ó Síothcháin]] | data-sort-value="1870" | 1870-12-17 | data-sort-value="1945" | 1945-03-01 | [[Port Láirge]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 939 | | [[Michael Sheridan]] | data-sort-value="1896" | 1896 | data-sort-value="1970" | 1970-07-06 | [[Contae an Chabháin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 940 | [[Íomhá:Michael Staines 1918.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Michael Staines]] | data-sort-value="1885" | 1885-05-01 | data-sort-value="1955" | 1955-10-26 | [[Baile Uí Fhiacháin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 941 | | [[Michael ffrench-O'Carroll]] | data-sort-value="1919" | 1919-09-15 | data-sort-value="2007" | 2007-05-05 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 942 | | [[Micheál Ó Síoda]] | data-sort-value="1888" | 1888-05-30 | data-sort-value="1966" | 1966-10-19 | [[An Carn Mór, Contae na Gaillimhe|An Carn Mór]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 943 | [[Íomhá:Portrait of Singer Big Tom (Nov 2004).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Big Tom]] | data-sort-value="1936" | 1936-09-18 | data-sort-value="2018" | 2018-04-17 | [[Baile na Lorgan]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 944 | | [[Dáibhí de Barra]] | data-sort-value="1758" | 1758 | data-sort-value="1851" | 1851 | [[Carraig Thuathail]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 945 | | [[Dáithí Ó hÓgáin]] | data-sort-value="1949" | 1949 | data-sort-value="2011" | 2011 | [[An Brú]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 946 | | [[Domhnall Ó Conchubhair]] | data-sort-value="1847" | 1847 | data-sort-value="1930" | 1930-09-27 | ''[[:d:Q104300976|An Cnoc Dubh]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 947 | | [[Eibhlín Ní Chathailriabhaigh]] | data-sort-value="1910" | 1910-06-01 | data-sort-value="2001" | 2001-06-07 | [[Domhnach Broc]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 948 | | [[Maidhc Dainín Ó Sé]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-02-02 | data-sort-value="2013" | 2013-08-29 | [[Baile na nGall, Contae Chiarraí|Baile na nGall]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 949 | | [[Máire Ní Scolaí]] | data-sort-value="1909" | 1909-05-24 | data-sort-value="1985" | 1985-06-28 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 950 | | [[Máirtín Ó Corrbuí]] | data-sort-value="1912" | 1912-11-17 | data-sort-value="2002" | 2002-05-08 | ''[[:d:Q104314882|An Pháirc Bhuí]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 951 | | [[Máirín Ní Rodaigh]] | | data-sort-value="1965" | 1965-10 | [[An Cabhán]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 952 | | [[Mícheál Breathnach]] | data-sort-value="1881" | 1881-09-16 | data-sort-value="1908" | 1908-09-28 | [[An Lochán Beag, Contae na Gaillimhe|An Lochán Beag]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 953 | | [[Mícheál Ó Bréartúin]] | data-sort-value="1930" | 1930 | data-sort-value="2011" | 2011 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 954 | | [[Patsy Ó Ceannabháin]] | data-sort-value="1943" | 1943 | data-sort-value="1998" | 1998 | [[Ros Muc]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 955 | | [[Pádraic Óg Ó Conaire]] | data-sort-value="1893" | 1893-03-11 | data-sort-value="1971" | 1971-08-05 | ''[[:d:Q104321570|An Turlach Beag]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 956 | | [[Seán Ó Ruadháin]] | data-sort-value="1883" | 1883-02-20 | data-sort-value="1966" | 1966-06-22 | [[Gaoth Sáile]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 957 | | [[Tadhg Gaelach Ó Súilleabháin]] | data-sort-value="1715" | 1715 | data-sort-value="1795" | 1795 | [[Tuar na Fola]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 958 | | [[Énrí Ó Muirgheasa]] | data-sort-value="1874" | 1874-01-14 | data-sort-value="1945" | 1945-08-13 | ''[[:d:Q65558304|An Caisleán Thoir]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 959 | [[Íomhá:Mary A. Sadlier (A ROUND TABLE, 1897).png|center|128px]] | [[Mary Anne Sadlier]] | data-sort-value="1820" | 1820-12-31 | data-sort-value="1903" | 1903-04-05 | [[Muinchille]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 960 | | [[Kit Ahern]] | data-sort-value="1915" | 1915-01-13 | data-sort-value="2007" | 2007-12-27 | [[Áth an tSléibhe]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 961 | | [[Nicky McFadden]] | data-sort-value="1962" | 1962-12-25 | data-sort-value="2014" | 2014-03-25 | [[Baile Átha Luain]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 962 | | [[Tadhg Dall Ó hUiginn]] | data-sort-value="1550" | 1550 | data-sort-value="1591" | 1591-03 | [[Cúige Chonnacht]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 963 | | [[Tomás Ó Néill Ruiséal]] | data-sort-value="1828" | 1828 | data-sort-value="1908" | 1908 | [[An Móta]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 964 | | [[Mary Elizabeth Byrne]] | data-sort-value="1880" | 1880-07-02 | data-sort-value="1931" | 1931-01-19 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 965 | | [[Henry Mountcharles|Henry Conyngham]] | data-sort-value="1951" | 1951-05-25 | data-sort-value="2025" | 2025-06-18 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 966 | | [[Anraí Ó Riain]] | data-sort-value="1957" | 1957-04-07 | data-sort-value="2020" | 2020-11-24 | ''[[:d:Q4222952|Clárach]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 967 | | [[Seosamh Ó Ceocháin]] | data-sort-value="1918" | 1918-08-18 | data-sort-value="1988" | 1988-01-05 | [[Trá Lí]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 968 | | [[Mick Fitzpatrick]] | data-sort-value="1893" | 1893 | data-sort-value="1968" | 1968-10-08 | [[Loch Garman]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 969 | | [[Mícheál Mac Aodha]] | data-sort-value="1912" | 1912-07-12 | data-sort-value="1982" | 1982-09-13 | [[Caisleán Uí Chonaill]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 970 | [[Íomhá:Mick Moloney.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Mick Moloney]] | data-sort-value="1944" | 1944-11-15 | data-sort-value="2022" | 2022-07-27 | [[Luimneach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 971 | [[Íomhá:Mick O'Dwyer in 2012.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Mícheál Ó Duibhir (peileadóir)|Mícheál Ó Duibhir]] | data-sort-value="1936" | 1936-06-09 | data-sort-value="2025" | 2025-04-03 | [[An Coireán]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 972 | | [[Mildred Anne Butler]] | data-sort-value="1858" | 1858-01-11 | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-10-11 | [[Baile Mhic Andáin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 973 | | [[Monica Barnes]] | data-sort-value="1936" | 1936-02-12 | data-sort-value="2018" | 2018-05-03 | [[Carraig Mhachaire Rois]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 974 | [[Íomhá:Peter Mathews.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Peter Mathews]] | data-sort-value="1951" | 1951-08 | data-sort-value="2017" | 2017-02-27 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 975 | | [[Phelim Calleary]] | data-sort-value="1895" | 1895-10-03 | data-sort-value="1974" | 1974-01-04 | [[Béal an Átha]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 976 | [[Íomhá:7d1b3dc73225f14081cadd08c3ce5775.jpg--the late philly mcguinness will be honoured next sunday when the gaa park in mohill is rededicated as the philly mcguinness memorial park.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Philip McGuinness]] | data-sort-value="1984" | 1984-02-29 | data-sort-value="2010" | 2010-04-19 | [[Contae Liatroma]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 977 | | [[Philip Shanahan]] | data-sort-value="1874" | 1874-10-27 | data-sort-value="1931" | 1931-11-21 | [[Contae Thiobraid Árann]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 978 | | [[Pierce McCan]] | data-sort-value="1882" | 1882-08-02 | data-sort-value="1919" | 1919-03-06 | [[Contae Loch Garman]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 979 | | [[Proinsias Mac Aonghusa]] | data-sort-value="1933" | 1933-06-23 | data-sort-value="2003" | 2003-09-28 | [[Gaillimh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 980 | | [[Pádraig Tyers]] | data-sort-value="1925" | 1925-10-20 | data-sort-value="2010" | 2010-02-19 | [[Tuar an Fhíona]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 981 | | [[Pádraig Ó Fiannachta]] | data-sort-value="1927" | 1927 | data-sort-value="2016" | 2016-07-15 | ''[[:d:Q65559350|An Paideac]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 982 | | [[Pádraig Ó Siochfhradha]] | data-sort-value="1883" | 1883-03-10 | data-sort-value="1964" | 1964-11-19 | ''[[:d:Q65558431|Baile an Ghóilín]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 983 | [[Íomhá:PádraigÓSnodaigh.JPG|center|128px]] | [[Pádraig Ó Snodaigh]] | data-sort-value="1935" | 1935<br/>1935-05-18 | data-sort-value="2025" | 2025-01-02 | [[Ceatharlach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 984 | [[Íomhá:Pól Ó Foighil.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Pól Ó Foighil]] | data-sort-value="1928" | 1928-06-01 | data-sort-value="2005" | 2005-03-21 | [[Contae Thiobraid Árann]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 985 | | [[Timothy O'Connor]] | data-sort-value="1906" | 1906-10-01 | data-sort-value="1986" | 1986-07-21 | [[Cill Orglan]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 986 | | [[Timothy O'Sullivan (Fianna Fáil)|Timothy O'Sullivan]] | data-sort-value="1899" | 1899-07-26 | data-sort-value="1971" | 1971-03-03 | [[Beanntraí]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 987 | [[Íomhá:Timothy Quill 1930.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Timothy Quill]] | data-sort-value="1901" | 1901-05-09 | data-sort-value="1960" | 1960-06-10 | [[Cluain Droichead]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 988 | | [[Todd Andrews]] | data-sort-value="1901" | 1901-10-06 | data-sort-value="1985" | 1985-10-11 | [[Tuaisceart Bhaile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 989 | | [[Tom Clancy]] | data-sort-value="1924" | 1924-10-29 | data-sort-value="1990" | 1990-11-07 | [[Carraig na Siúire]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 990 | [[Íomhá:Tom Kettle.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Tom Kettle]] | data-sort-value="1880" | 1880-02-09 | data-sort-value="1916" | 1916-09-09 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 991 | | [[Tom Leonard]] | data-sort-value="1924" | 1924-05-30 | data-sort-value="2004" | 2004-03-05 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 992 | | [[Tom McEllistrim (1894–1973)|Tom McEllistrim]] | data-sort-value="1894" | 1894-10-14 | data-sort-value="1973" | 1973-12-04 | [[Lios Tuathail]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 993 | | [[Tom Murphy]] | data-sort-value="1935" | 1935-02-23 | data-sort-value="2018" | 2018-05-15 | [[Tuaim]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 994 | | [[Tom O'Reilly (An Cabhán)|Tom O'Reilly]] | data-sort-value="1915" | 1915-08-06 | data-sort-value="1995" | 1995-02-01 | [[Cill na Seanrátha]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 995 | | [[Tom Sailí Ó Flaithearta]] | data-sort-value="1931" | 1931 | data-sort-value="2021" | 2021-04-15 | [[An Cheathrú Rua]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 996 | [[Íomhá:Edith Anne Stoney.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Edith Anne Stoney]] | data-sort-value="1869" | 1869-01-06 | data-sort-value="1938" | 1938-06-25 | [[Droichead na Dothra]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 997 | | [[Joseph Cooper Walker]] | data-sort-value="1761" | 1761 | data-sort-value="1810" | 1810-04-12 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 998 | [[Íomhá:Portrait of John D’Alton P6048.jpg|center|128px]] | [[John D'Alton (staraí)|John D'Alton]] | data-sort-value="1792" | 1792 | data-sort-value="1867" | 1867 | [[Contae na hIarmhí]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 999 | | [[Liam Ó hAonghusa|William Maunsell Hennessy]] | data-sort-value="1829" | 1829 | data-sort-value="1889" | 1889 | [[Caisleán Ghriaire]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1000 | [[Íomhá:Arthur Guinness II.png|center|128px]] | [[Arthur Hart Guinness]] | data-sort-value="1768" | 1768 | data-sort-value="1855" | 1855 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1001 | | [[James Crowley]] | data-sort-value="1880" | 1880 | data-sort-value="1946" | 1946-01-21 | [[Contae Chiarraí]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1002 | [[Íomhá:Jennie Wyse Power.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Jennie Wyse Power]] | data-sort-value="1858" | 1858-05-01 | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-01-05 | [[Bealach Conglais]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1003 | [[Íomhá:Sir.James.Ware.png|center|128px]] | [[James Ware]] | data-sort-value="1594" | 1594-11-26 | data-sort-value="1666" | 1666-12-01 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1004 | [[Íomhá:Michael Donnellan, circa 1944.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Michael Donnellan]] | data-sort-value="1900" | 1900 | data-sort-value="1964" | 1964-09-27 | [[Dún Mór, Contae na Gaillimhe|Dún Mór]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1005 | | [[Mícheál Ó Lócháin|Micheál Ó Lócháin]] | data-sort-value="1836" | 1836-09-29 | data-sort-value="1899" | 1899-01-10 | ''[[:d:Q104326011|Currach an Doire]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 1006 | [[Íomhá:Joseph MacBride.png|center|128px]] | [[Joseph MacBride]] | data-sort-value="1860" | 1860 | data-sort-value="1938" | 1938-01-01 | [[Contae Mhaigh Eo]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1007 | | [[Louis Dalton]] | data-sort-value="1862" | 1862-09-20 | data-sort-value="1945" | 1945-01-13 | [[Contae Thiobraid Árann]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1008 | | [[Hugh Law]] | data-sort-value="1872" | 1872-07-28 | data-sort-value="1943" | 1943-04-01<br/>1943-04-02 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1009 | | [[Roger Sweetman]] | data-sort-value="1874" | 1874-08-18 | data-sort-value="1954" | 1954-05-20 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1010 | [[Íomhá:Barrington,Richard Manliffe01.png|center|128px]] | [[Richard Barrington]] | data-sort-value="1849" | 1849 | data-sort-value="1915" | 1915-09-15 | ''[[:d:Q104277926|An Fásach Rua]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 1011 | | [[Richard Barry]] | data-sort-value="1919" | 1919-09-04 | data-sort-value="2013" | 2013-04-28 | [[Mainistir Fhear Maí]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1012 | | [[Richard Beamish]] | data-sort-value="1862" | 1862-06-16<br/>1861-06-16 | data-sort-value="1938" | 1938-02-23 | [[An Gleanntán]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1013 | [[Íomhá:Richard Corish, circa 1930s.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Richard Corish]] | data-sort-value="1889" | 1889-01-01 | data-sort-value="1945" | 1945-07-19 | [[Loch Garman]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1014 | | [[Risteárd de hAe]] | data-sort-value="1902" | 1902 | data-sort-value="1976" | 1976 | [[Mainistir na Féile]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1015 | | [[Richard Stanihurst|Richard Stanyhurst]] | data-sort-value="1547" | 1547 | data-sort-value="1618" | 1618 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1016 | | [[Richard Walsh]] | data-sort-value="1889" | 1889 | data-sort-value="1957" | 1957-12-04 | [[Contae Mhaigh Eo]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1017 | | [[Richard Wilson]] | data-sort-value="1875" | 1875 | data-sort-value="1957" | 1957-02-20 | [[Contae Chill Mhantáin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1018 | | [[Risteard de Hindeberg]] | data-sort-value="1863" | 1863-09-18 | data-sort-value="1916" | 1916-03-17 | ''[[:d:Q104320133|Barr Beithí]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 1019 | | [[Robert Day]] | data-sort-value="1885" | 1885 | data-sort-value="1949" | 1949 | [[Corcaigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1020 | | [[Roibeard Ó Faracháin]] | data-sort-value="1909" | 1909-04-24 | data-sort-value="1984" | 1984-12-29 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1021 | | [[Robert Lahiffe]] | data-sort-value="1911" | 1911 | data-sort-value="1975" | 1975-03-08 | [[Gort Inse Guaire|An Gort]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1022 | | [[Sarah Mary Fitton]] | data-sort-value="1796" | 1796 | data-sort-value="1874" | 1874-03-30 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1023 | [[Íomhá:Mary O'Donovan Rossa.png|center|128px]] | [[Mary Jane O’Donovan Rossa|Mary O'Donovan Rossa]] | data-sort-value="1845" | 1845-01-27 | data-sort-value="1916" | 1916-08-18<br/>1916-08-17 | [[Contae Chorcaí]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1024 | [[Íomhá:Portrait of Thomas James Mulvany .PNG|center|128px]] | [[Thomas James Mulvany]] | data-sort-value="1779" | 1779 | data-sort-value="1845" | 1845-02-27 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1025 | | [[Francis Bulfin]] | data-sort-value="1874" | 1874-02-12 | data-sort-value="1951" | 1951-03-22 | [[Contae Uíbh Fhailí]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1026 | [[Íomhá:Bridget Mary Redmond, circa 1930s (retouched).png|center|128px]] | [[Bridget Redmond]] | data-sort-value="1905" | 1905 | data-sort-value="1952" | 1952-05-03 | [[An Currach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1027 | | [[John Horgan]] | data-sort-value="1876" | 1876 | data-sort-value="1955" | 1955-06-27 | [[Luimneach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1028 | | [[Patrick Egan]] | data-sort-value="1891" | 1891 | data-sort-value="1960" | 1960-04-28 | [[Tulach Mhór]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1029 | | [[Michael Kilroy]] | data-sort-value="1884" | 1884-09-14 | data-sort-value="1962" | 1962-12-23 | [[Baile Uí Fhiacháin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1030 | | [[Michael Kennedy (An Longfort)|Michael Kennedy]] | data-sort-value="1897" | 1897-03-01 | data-sort-value="1965" | 1965-02-14 | [[Baile na gCros (Contae na hIermhí)|Baile na gCros (Contae na hIarmhí)]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1031 | [[Íomhá:Peter Paul Galligan.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Paul Galligan]] | data-sort-value="1888" | 1888-06-20 | data-sort-value="1966" | 1966-12-14 | [[Carraig Álainn]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1032 | | [[John Butler]] | data-sort-value="1891" | 1891 | data-sort-value="1968" | 1968-02-16 | [[Béal na Molt]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1033 | [[Íomhá:Freedoms Martyrs (5911132821).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Rosie Hackett]] | data-sort-value="1893" | 1893-07-25<br/>1883 | data-sort-value="1976" | 1976-05-04<br/>1976-07-04 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1034 | [[Íomhá:Noel Thomas Lemass, 1971 (cropped).tif|center|128px]] | [[Noel Lemass, Óg|Noel Lemass]] | data-sort-value="1929" | 1929-02-14 | data-sort-value="1976" | 1976-04-13 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1035 | [[Íomhá:Martin Corry, 1927.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Martin Corry]] | data-sort-value="1890" | 1890-12-12 | data-sort-value="1979" | 1979-02-14 | [[Corcaigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1036 | [[Íomhá:Jackmurphy.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Jack Murphy]] | data-sort-value="1920" | 1920 | data-sort-value="1984" | 1984-07-11 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1037 | | [[Des Foley]] | data-sort-value="1940" | 1940-09-12 | data-sort-value="1995" | 1995-02-05 | [[Cionn Sáile]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1038 | | [[Jack McQuillan]] | data-sort-value="1920" | 1920-08-30 | data-sort-value="1998" | 1998-03-08 | [[Béal Átha Feorainne]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1039 | | [[Michael O'Halloran]] | data-sort-value="1933" | 1933-08-20 | data-sort-value="1999" | 1999-11-29 | [[Contae an Chláir]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1040 | | [[William Higgins]] | data-sort-value="1763" | 1763 | data-sort-value="1825" | 1825 | [[Cúil Mhuine]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1041 | | [[Uileog de Búrca]] | data-sort-value="1829" | 1829-12-29 | data-sort-value="1887" | 1887-11-22 | [[Caisleán an Bharraigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1042 | | [[Val Mulkerns]] | data-sort-value="1925" | 1925-02-14 | data-sort-value="2018" | 2018-03-10 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1043 | [[Íomhá:Dr Vincent White in his Mayoral robes.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Vincent White]] | data-sort-value="1885" | 1885 | data-sort-value="1958" | 1958-12-14 | [[Port Láirge]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1044 | | [[Uaitéar Ó Maicín|Walter Macken]] | data-sort-value="1915" | 1915-05-03 | data-sort-value="1967" | 1967-04-22 | [[Gaillimh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1045 | [[Íomhá:Wilhelmina Geddes.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Wilhelmina Geddes]] | data-sort-value="1887" | 1887 | data-sort-value="1955" | 1955 | [[Liatroim]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1046 | | [[Uilliam Ó Domhnaill]] | data-sort-value="1501" | 16th century | data-sort-value="1628" | 1628-07-11 | [[Cill Chainnigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1047 | | [[William Davin]] | data-sort-value="1890" | 1890-02 | data-sort-value="1956" | 1956-03-01 | [[Ráth Domhnaigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1048 | | [[William Desmond]] | | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-09-05 | [[Contae Chorcaí]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1049 | | [[William Duffy]] | data-sort-value="1865" | 1865-04-07 | data-sort-value="1945" | 1945-01-01 | [[Contae na Gaillimhe]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1050 | | [[William Frederick Wakeman]] | data-sort-value="1822" | 1822 | data-sort-value="1900" | 1900 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1051 | | [[William Hayes]] | data-sort-value="1913" | 1913-01-18 | data-sort-value="1994" | 1994-01-07 | [[Ráth Fearnáin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1052 | | [[Dúnmharú Declan Flynn|Declan Flynn]] | data-sort-value="1951" | 1951 | data-sort-value="1982" | 1982-09-09 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1053 | | [[Fanny Currey]] | data-sort-value="1848" | 1848-05-30 | data-sort-value="1917" | 1917-03-30 | ''[[:d:Q2368947|Caisleán Leasa Móire]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 1054 | | [[Catherine Isabella Osborne]] | data-sort-value="1818" | 1818-06-30 | data-sort-value="1880" | 1880-06-21 | ''[[:d:Q57272913|Teach Newtown Anner]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 1055 | | [[Colm Ó Ceallaigh]] | data-sort-value="1928" | 1928 | data-sort-value="2017" | 2017 | [[Camas]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1056 | | [[Seán Ua Cearnaigh]] | data-sort-value="1933" | 1933-06-13 | data-sort-value="2020" | 2020-10-26 | [[Contae Thiobraid Árann]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1057 | | [[Morgan Jageurs]] | data-sort-value="1862" | 1862 | data-sort-value="1932" | 1932-04-28 | [[Tulach Mhór]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1058 | | [[Peter Morgan Jaguers]] | data-sort-value="1862" | 1862 | data-sort-value="1932" | 1932 | [[Tulach Mhór]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1059 | | [[Seán Ó Lúing]] | data-sort-value="1917" | 1917-05-16 | data-sort-value="2000" | 2000-02-10 | [[Baile an Fheirtéaraigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1060 | | [[Fionntán Mac Aodha Bhuí]] | data-sort-value="1924" | 1924 | data-sort-value="2012" | 2012 | [[An Muileann gCearr]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1061 | | [[Tadhg Ó Scanaill (aisteoir)|Tadhg Ó Scanaill]] | data-sort-value="1883" | 1883-05-09 | data-sort-value="1967" | 1967-01-18 | [[Baile Bhuirne]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1062 | | [[Tadhg Ó Scanaill (múinteoir)|Tadhg Ó Scanaill]] | data-sort-value="1870" | 1870 | data-sort-value="1939" | 1939-08-20 | ''[[:d:Q65557130|An Inse Mhór]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 1063 | | [[Seánie O'Brien]] | data-sort-value="1919" | 1919-08-23 | data-sort-value="1988" | 1988 | [[Tobar Phádraig]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1064 | | [[Máire Ní Shúilleabháin]] | data-sort-value="1884" | 1884-02-02 | data-sort-value="1914" | 1914-07-14 | [[Sráid na Cathrach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1065 | | [[Mícheál Ó Tiománaidhe|Micheál Ó Tiománaidhe]] | data-sort-value="1853" | 1853-09-20 | data-sort-value="1940" | 1940-03-07 | ''[[:d:Q104331267|An Cartún Dubh]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 1066 | | [[Moyra Barry]] | data-sort-value="1886" | 1886 | data-sort-value="1960" | 1960-02-02 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1067 | | [[Ruth Brandt]] | data-sort-value="1936" | 1936-06-22 | data-sort-value="1989" | 1989-08-13 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1068 | | [[Dorothy Blackham]] | data-sort-value="1896" | 1896-03-01 | data-sort-value="1975" | 1975-09-03 | [[Ráth Maonais]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1069 | | [[Neilí Ní Bhriain]] | data-sort-value="1864" | 1864-06-04 | data-sort-value="1925" | 1925-04-01 | [[Contae Luimnigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1070 | [[Íomhá:William James MacNeven.jpg|center|128px]] | [[William James MacNeven]] | data-sort-value="1763" | 1763-03-21 | data-sort-value="1841" | 1841-07-12 | [[Eachroim, Contae na Gaillimhe|Eachroim]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1071 | | [[William O'Donnell]] | | data-sort-value="1947" | 1947-02-04 | [[Contae Thiobraid Árann]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1072 | [[Íomhá:GILBERT(1896) p165 WILLIAM CONYNGHAM PLUNKET.jpg|center|128px]] | [[William Plunket, an 4ú Barún Pluincéad]] | data-sort-value="1828" | 1828-08-26 | data-sort-value="1897" | 1897-04-01 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1073 | | [[William Redmond]] | data-sort-value="1886" | 1886 | data-sort-value="1932" | 1932-04-17 | [[Contae Phort Láirge]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1074 | | [[William Sears]] | data-sort-value="1868" | 1868 | data-sort-value="1929" | 1929-03-23 | [[An Éill]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1075 | [[Íomhá:Sean O'Faolain, W. Stockley, D.Corkery, Tilly Fleischmann, Fr Patrick MacSwiney, Germaine Stockley, Aloys Fleischmann, visitors,1929.JPG|center|128px]] | [[William Stockley]] | data-sort-value="1859" | 1859-06-29 | data-sort-value="1943" | 1943-07-22 | [[Teach Mealóg]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1076 | | [[William Haliday]] | data-sort-value="1788" | 1788 | data-sort-value="1812" | 1812 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1077 | | [[Áine Ní Fhoghludha]] | data-sort-value="1880" | 1880-11-10 | data-sort-value="1932" | 1932-04-14 | ''[[:d:Q104319641|An Móta]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 1078 | | [[Patrick Ganly]] | data-sort-value="1809" | 1809 | data-sort-value="1899" | 1899 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1079 | [[Íomhá:John Thomas Woodhouse (1780-1845) - Robert Murphy, BA, Fellow (1800) - GC0027 - Gonville and Caius College.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Robert Murphy]] | data-sort-value="1806" | 1806 | data-sort-value="1843" | 1843-03-12 | [[Mala]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1080 | | [[William Kirby Sullivan]] | data-sort-value="1821" | 1821 | data-sort-value="1890" | 1890 | [[An Druipseach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1081 | [[Íomhá:David Kent (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[David Kent]] | data-sort-value="1867" | 1867-02-02 | data-sort-value="1930" | 1930-11 | [[Caisleán Ó Liatháin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1082 | | [[Joseph MacDonagh]] | data-sort-value="1883" | 1883-05-18 | data-sort-value="1922" | 1922-12-25 | [[Cloch Shiurdáin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1083 | | [[Ellen O'Leary]] | data-sort-value="1831" | 1831 | data-sort-value="1889" | 1889 | [[Contae Thiobraid Árann]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1084 | | [[Harry Colley]] | data-sort-value="1891" | 1891-02-21 | data-sort-value="1972" | 1972-01-18 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1085 | | [[Críostóir Ó Floinn]] | data-sort-value="1927" | 1927-12-18 | data-sort-value="2023" | 2023-10-09 | [[Luimneach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1086 | | [[Don Cockburn]] | data-sort-value="1930" | 1930-03-13 | data-sort-value="2017" | 2017-09-05 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1087 | | [[Tony Scannell]] | data-sort-value="1945" | 1945-08-14 | data-sort-value="2020" | 2020-05-26 | [[Cionn tSáile]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1088 | | [[Jim Fahy]] | data-sort-value="1946" | 1946 | data-sort-value="2022" | 2022 | [[Baile Locha Riach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1089 | | [[Kathleen Watkins]] | data-sort-value="1934" | 1934-10-17 | data-sort-value="2024" | 2024-11-07 | [[Teach Sagard]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1090 | | [[William Ganly]] | data-sort-value="1855" | 1855 | data-sort-value="1926" | 1926-02-20 | [[Inis Mór, Árainn|Inis Mór]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1091 | | [[Edward Hayes]] | data-sort-value="1810" | 1810<br/>1814 | data-sort-value="1870" | 1870-11-12 | [[Contae Laoise]]<br/>[[Garraí Eoin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1092 | [[Íomhá:William Henry Gregory Vanity Fair 30 December 1871.jpg|center|128px]] | [[William Henry Gregory]] | data-sort-value="1817" | 1817-07-12<br/>1817-06-13 | data-sort-value="1892" | 1892-03-06 | [[Caisleán Bhaile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1093 | | [[Jemma Redmond]] | data-sort-value="1978" | 1978-03-16 | data-sort-value="2016" | 2016-08-16 | [[Tamhlacht]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1094 | | [[Margaret Dobbs]] | data-sort-value="1871" | 1871-11-19 | data-sort-value="1962" | 1962-01-02 | [[Contae Aontroma]]<br/>[[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1095 | [[Íomhá:Women in Mathematics Day 2018 13.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Sheila Tinney]] | data-sort-value="1918" | 1918-01-15 | data-sort-value="2010" | 2010-03-27 | [[Gaillimh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1096 | | [[Austin Carroll]] | data-sort-value="1835" | 1835<br/>1835-02-23 | data-sort-value="1909" | 1909<br/>1909-11-29 | [[Cluain Meala]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1097 | [[Íomhá:Énna Mac Murchada (Bodleian Library MS Rawlinson B 503, folio 36r).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Éanna Mac Murchadha|Enna mac Donnchada Mac Murchada]] | | data-sort-value="1126" | 1126 | [[Cúige Laighean]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1098 | | [[Conchobar Ua Briain|Conchúr Ó Briain]] | | data-sort-value="1142" | 1142 | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éire]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1099 | | [[Mary Swanzy]] | data-sort-value="1882" | 1882 | data-sort-value="1978" | 1978 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1100 | | [[Seosamh Laoide]] | data-sort-value="1865" | 1865-05-24 | data-sort-value="1939" | 1939-09-21 | [[Raghnallach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1101 | | [[Robert Francis Ruttledge]] | data-sort-value="1899" | 1899-09-11 | data-sort-value="2002" | 2002-01-12 | [[Contae Cheatharlach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1102 | | [[Liam Ó Rinn]] | data-sort-value="1886" | 1886-11-20 | data-sort-value="1943" | 1943-10-03 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1103 | | [[Máirin de Valéra]] | data-sort-value="1912" | 1912-04-12 | data-sort-value="1984" | 1984-08-08 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1104 | [[Íomhá:Maud Joynt at the School of Irish learning 1913.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Maud Joynt]] | data-sort-value="1868" | 1868-03-07 | data-sort-value="1940" | 1940-07-24 | [[Contae Ros Comáin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1105 | | [[Margaret Grey Porter]] | | data-sort-value="1881" | 1881 | [[Contae Mhaigh Eo]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1106 | | [[Eleanor Knott]] | data-sort-value="1886" | 1886-11-18 | data-sort-value="1975" | 1975-01-04 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1107 | | [[Máire Ní Dhonnchadha Dhuibh]] | data-sort-value="1702" | 1702 | data-sort-value="1795" | 1795 | [[Contae Chiarraí]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1108 | | [[Mary Georgina Barton]] | data-sort-value="1861" | 1861-04-03 | data-sort-value="1949" | 1949-11-08 | [[Dún Dealgan]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1109 | | [[Donncha Ó Cróinín]] | data-sort-value="1919" | 1919-12-08 | data-sort-value="1990" | 1990-06-05 | [[Baile Mhic Íre]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1110 | | [[Vicky Phelan]] | data-sort-value="1974" | 1974-10-28 | data-sort-value="2022" | 2022-11-14 | [[Luimneach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1111 | [[Íomhá:Meg Connery, circa 1920s.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Meg Connery]] | data-sort-value="1879" | 1879 | data-sort-value="1956" | 1956-12 | [[Cathair na Mart]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1112 | | [[Charlotte Dease]] | data-sort-value="1873" | 1873-07-20 | data-sort-value="1953" | 1953-05-05 | [[Baile Briotáis]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1113 | | [[Cáit Feiritéar]] | data-sort-value="1916" | 1916-12-01 | data-sort-value="2005" | 2005-06-08 | ''[[:d:Q104309724|Baile na hAbha]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 1114 | | [[Nessa Ní Shéaghdha]] | data-sort-value="1916" | 1916-03-14 | data-sort-value="1993" | 1993-04-11 | [[Droim Conrach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1115 | [[Íomhá:Máire Rua O'Brien.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Máire Rua Nic Mhathúna|Máire Rua Ní Mhathúna]] | data-sort-value="1615" | 1615 | data-sort-value="1686" | 1686 | [[Cluain idir Dhá Lá]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1116 | | [[Donncha Ó Céileachair]] | data-sort-value="1918" | 1918 | data-sort-value="1960" | 1960 | [[Cúil Aodha]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1117 | | [[Mary Elmes]] | data-sort-value="1908" | 1908-05-05 | data-sort-value="2002" | 2002-03-09 | [[Corcaigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1118 | [[Íomhá:IVRLA 10443 Ó hEinirí.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Seán Ó hEinirí|Seán Ó hÉinirí]] | data-sort-value="1915" | 1915-03-26 | data-sort-value="1998" | 1998-07-26 | [[Cill Ghallagáin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1119 | | [[Paddy McMahon]] | data-sort-value="1933" | 1933 | data-sort-value="2019" | 2019 | [[An Tulach (An Clár)|An Tulach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1120 | | [[Seán Garvey]] | data-sort-value="1952" | 1952 | data-sort-value="2022" | 2022-05-06 | [[Cathair Saidhbhín]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1121 | | [[Annraoi Ó Liatháin]] | data-sort-value="1917" | 1917-10-15 | data-sort-value="1981" | 1981-07-27 | [[Port Omna]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1122 | | [[Donnchadh Ó Laoghaire (ollamh)|Donnchadh Ó Laoghaire]] | data-sort-value="1877" | 1877-01-21 | data-sort-value="1944" | 1944-04-03 | ''[[:d:Q104298855|Doire an Chuilinn]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 1123 | | [[Róisín Uí Mhadagáin Ní Raghallaigh]] | data-sort-value="1903" | 1903-01-21 | data-sort-value="1974" | 1974-02-13 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1124 | | [[Eoghan Ó Siadhail]] | data-sort-value="1584" | 1584 | data-sort-value="1650" | 1650-06-21 | [[Contae na hIarmhí]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1125 | | [[Stephen Spring Rice (1814–1865)]] | data-sort-value="1814" | 1814-08-31 | data-sort-value="1865" | 1865-05-09 | ''[[:d:Q16931404|Mount Trenchard House]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 1126 | | [[Julia Grenan]] | data-sort-value="1883" | 1883-07-02 | data-sort-value="1972" | 1972-01-06 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1127 | | [[Vincent Barry]] | data-sort-value="1908" | 1908 | data-sort-value="1975" | 1975 | [[Corcaigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1128 | | [[Caitlín Ní Thoirbheird]] | data-sort-value="1891" | 1891-05-05 | data-sort-value="1969" | 1969-07-24 | ''[[:d:Q1124843|Mainistir na Búille]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 1129 | | [[Patrick Smyth]] | data-sort-value="1824" | 1824 | data-sort-value="1865" | 1865-10-14 | [[Béal an Átha]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1130 | | [[Thomas Wall]] | data-sort-value="1906" | 1906-07-04 | data-sort-value="1985" | 1985-08-20 | ''[[:d:Q104316697|Baile na mBodach]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 1131 | | [[Clíodna Cussen]] | data-sort-value="1932" | 1932-09-18 | data-sort-value="2022" | 2022-08-02 | [[An Caisleán Nua, Contae Luimnigh|An Caisleán Nua]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1132 | | [[Peadar Lamb]] | data-sort-value="1930" | 1930 | data-sort-value="2017" | 2017-09-01 | [[Gaillimh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1133 | | [[Biddy White Lennon]] | data-sort-value="1945" | 1945 | data-sort-value="2017" | 2017-11-25 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1134 | | [[Robert William Alexander]] | data-sort-value="1905" | 1905-11-21 | data-sort-value="1979" | 1979-12-17 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1135 | | [[Keelin Shanley]] | data-sort-value="1968" | 1968-08-24 | data-sort-value="2020" | 2020-02-08 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1136 | | [[Michael O'Higgins]] | data-sort-value="1917" | 1917-11-01 | data-sort-value="2005" | 2005-03-09 | [[Teach Srafáin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1137 | | [[Brigid Hogan-O'Higgins]] | data-sort-value="1932" | 1932-03-10 | data-sort-value="2022" | 2022-11-02 | [[Contae na Gaillimhe]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1138 | [[Íomhá:Billy Lawless.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Billy Lawless]] | data-sort-value="1951" | 1951-07-04 | data-sort-value="2024" | 2024-11-08 | [[Gaillimh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1139 | | [[Thomas de Vere Coneys]] | data-sort-value="1804" | 1804 | data-sort-value="1851" | 1851-12-28 | [[Contae na Gaillimhe]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1140 | | [[Séamas Ó Dubhghaill]] | data-sort-value="1855" | 1855-07-25 | data-sort-value="1929" | 1929-05-30 | ''[[:d:Q104306937|Cúil Éanaigh]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 1141 | | [[Seosamh Ó Tórna]] | data-sort-value="1888" | 1888-08-02 | data-sort-value="1967" | 1967-04-04 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1142 | | [[Peadar Bairéad]] | | data-sort-value="2019" | 2019 | [[Iorras]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1143 | | [[Siobhán Ní Shúilleabháin]] | data-sort-value="1928" | 1928-08-31 | data-sort-value="2013" | 2013-05-21 | [[Baile an Fheirtéaraigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1144 | | [[Moya Llewelyn Davies]] | data-sort-value="1881" | 1881-03-25 | data-sort-value="1943" | 1943-09-28 | [[An Charraig Dhubh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1145 | | [[Edward King-Tenison]] | data-sort-value="1805" | 1805-01-21 | data-sort-value="1878" | 1878-06-19 | ''[[:d:Q6408168|Caisleán Chill Rónáin]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 1146 | | [[Charles Dawson]] | data-sort-value="1842" | 1842 | data-sort-value="1917" | 1917 | [[Luimneach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1147 | | [[Nancy Corrigan]] | data-sort-value="1912" | 1912-06-21 | data-sort-value="1983" | 1983 | [[Acaill]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1148 | | [[Maureen Sweeney]] | data-sort-value="1923" | 1923-06-03 | data-sort-value="2023" | 2023-12-17 | ''[[:d:Q56274057|Knockanure]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 1149 | | [[Mícheál Ó hAodha|Micheál Ó hAodha]] | data-sort-value="1918" | 1918-07-31 | data-sort-value="1998" | 1998-01-26 | [[Cill Dalua]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1150 | | [[Seán Ó Súilleabháin (béaloideasóir)|Seán Ó Súilleabháin]] | data-sort-value="1903" | 1903-11-30 | data-sort-value="1996" | 1996-12-12 | [[Contae Chiarraí]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1151 | | [[Josie Sheáin Jeaic Mac Donncha]] | data-sort-value="1943" | 1943 | data-sort-value="2017" | 2017-09-09 | [[An Aird Thiar]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1152 | | [[Teresa Mullen]] | data-sort-value="1938" | 1938-04-27 | data-sort-value="1989" | 1989-08-23 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1153 | | [[Liam Budhlaeir]] | data-sort-value="1923" | 1923-09-28 | data-sort-value="1995" | 1995-06-10 | [[Corcaigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1154 | | [[Seán Ó hÉalaí]] | data-sort-value="1938" | 1938-01-27 | data-sort-value="2017" | 2017-12-11 | ''[[:d:Q82025075|Poll Raithní (Sweeny)]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 1155 | | [[Aogán Ó Muircheartaigh]] | data-sort-value="1948" | 1948 | data-sort-value="2025" | 2025-05-26 | [[Dún Chaoin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1156 | | [[Seán Ó Tuairisg]] | data-sort-value="1945" | 1945-11-01 | data-sort-value="2023" | 2023-04-19 | [[An Lochán Beag, Contae na Gaillimhe|An Lochán Beag]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1157 | | [[Caitlín Ní Mhaolchróin]] | data-sort-value="1895" | 1895-11-22 | data-sort-value="1973" | 1973-06-13 | [[Cill Bheagáin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1158 | | [[Nóra Ághas]] | data-sort-value="1882" | 1882-07-15 | data-sort-value="1970" | 1970-01-20 | ''[[:d:Q60555545|Cinn Aird]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 1159 | | [[An Beirneach|Liam Ó Beirn]] | data-sort-value="1869" | 1869 | data-sort-value="1949" | 1949-07-17 | ''[[:d:Q104325767|Ceathrú na Gaoithe]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 1160 | | [[Seosamh Ieróm Mac Giolla Phádraig]] | data-sort-value="1878" | 1878 | data-sort-value="1910" | 1910 | [[Corcaigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1161 | | [[Mabel Sharman Crawford]] | data-sort-value="1820" | 1820-06-03 | data-sort-value="1912" | 1912-02-14 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1162 | | [[Tadhg Ó Murchadha (béaloideasóir)|Tadhg Ó Murchadha]] | data-sort-value="1896" | 1896-02-11 | data-sort-value="1961" | 1961-09-08 | ''[[:d:Q104310755|Cathair Dónall]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 1163 | | [[Minnie Cormack]] | data-sort-value="1862" | 1862 | data-sort-value="1919" | 1919<br/>1920 | [[An Sciobairín]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1164 | | [[Séamus Ó Cinnéide (file)|Séamus Ó Cinnéide]] | data-sort-value="1925" | 1925 | data-sort-value="1992" | 1992-12-26 | [[Luimneach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1165 | | [[Domhnaill Ó Bearáin]] | data-sort-value="1928" | 1928-02-28 | data-sort-value="2018" | 2018-01-03 | [[Contae Átha Cliath Theas]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1166 | | [[Cecilia Margaret Nairn]] | data-sort-value="1791" | 1791 | data-sort-value="1857" | 1857-06-04 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1167 | | [[Victoria Coffey]] | data-sort-value="1911" | 1911-09-16 | data-sort-value="1999" | 1999-06-15 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1168 | | [[James Murnaghan]] | data-sort-value="1881" | 1881 | data-sort-value="1973" | 1973 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1169 | | [[Conleth Ellis]] | data-sort-value="1937" | 1937 | data-sort-value="1988" | 1988-05-10 | [[Ceatharlach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1170 | | [[Diarmaid Ó Muirithe]] | data-sort-value="1935" | 1935-11-11 | data-sort-value="2014" | 2014-07-11 | [[Ros Mhic Thriúin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1171 | | [[Edith Young]] | data-sort-value="1882" | 1882-09-10 | data-sort-value="1974" | 1974-02-10 | [[Deilginis]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1172 | | [[Oonah Keogh]] | data-sort-value="1903" | 1903-05-02 | data-sort-value="1989" | 1989-07-18 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1173 | | [[Seán Pléimeann]] | data-sort-value="1814" | 1814 | data-sort-value="1896" | 1896-01-28 | [[Contae Phort Láirge]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1174 | | [[Risteárd Ó Glaisne]] | data-sort-value="1927" | 1927-09-02 | data-sort-value="2003" | 2003-11-06 | [[Droichead na Bandan]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1175 | | [[Máirín Ní Mhuiríosa]] | data-sort-value="1906" | 1906-09-05 | data-sort-value="1982" | 1982-08-27 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1176 | [[Íomhá:Eibhlín Nic Niocaill.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Eibhlín Nic Niocaill]] | data-sort-value="1884" | 1884-10-22 | data-sort-value="1909" | 1909-08-13 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1177 | | [[Bríd Ní Ghiolláin]] | data-sort-value="1894" | 1894-11-15 | data-sort-value="2003" | 2003-12-31 | ''[[:d:Q124407631|Fearann an Choirce]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 1178 | | [[Eileen O'Faoláin]] | data-sort-value="1900" | 1900-06-10 | data-sort-value="1988" | 1988-09-20 | [[Corcaigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1179 | | [[Liam Prút]] | data-sort-value="1940" | 1940 | data-sort-value="2023" | 2023-09-30 | [[An tAonach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1180 | | [[Seosamh Ó Guairim]] | data-sort-value="1955" | 1955-12-12 | data-sort-value="2017" | 2017-03-06 | [[Roisín na Mainiach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1181 | | [[Nan Ghriallais]] | data-sort-value="1936" | 1936-04-02 | data-sort-value="2018" | 2018-11-19 | [[Muiceanach idir Dhá Sháile]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1182 | | [[Séamus Ó Caoimh|James George O'Keeffe]] | data-sort-value="1865" | 1865-04-21 | data-sort-value="1937" | 1937-12-06 | ''[[:d:Q104304440|Baile an Tobair]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 1183 | | [[Pádraigín Haicéad]] | data-sort-value="1604" | 1604 | data-sort-value="1654" | 1654-11 | ''[[:d:Q4852302|An Baile Tarsna]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 1184 | | [[Sailí Ní Anluain]] | data-sort-value="1830" | 1830s | data-sort-value="1896" | 1896-12-28 | ''[[:d:Q104353049|Droim Gamhna]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 1185 | [[Íomhá:Photograph Patron James O'Donnell dated pre1897.jpg|center|128px]] | [[James O'Donnell]] | data-sort-value="1828" | 1828 | data-sort-value="1897" | 1897-10-17 | ''[[:d:Q104316556|Baile an Mhoirtéalaigh]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 1186 | | [[Peadar Neilí Ó Domhnaill]] | data-sort-value="1903" | 1903 | data-sort-value="1961" | 1961-04-11 | [[An Cheathrú Rua]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1187 | | [[Seán Ó Morónaigh]] | data-sort-value="1940" | 1940 | data-sort-value="2023" | 2023-04-24 | [[Úlla]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1188 | | [[Séamus Ó Muircheartaigh]] | data-sort-value="1877" | 1877-07-01 | data-sort-value="1927" | 1927-03-11 | [[Ard na Caithne]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1189 | | [[Peadar Ó Treasaigh]] | | data-sort-value="2026" | 2026-02-28 | [[An Spidéal]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1190 | | [[Patrick M. Foley|Patrick Foley]] | | data-sort-value="1931" | 1931-08-22 | [[Corca Dhuibhne]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1191 | [[Íomhá:James Joyce by Alex Ehrenzweig, 1915 cropped.jpg|center|128px]] | [[James Joyce]] | data-sort-value="1882" | 1882-02-02 | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-01-13 | [[Ráth Garbh]]<br/>[[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1192 | [[Íomhá:Kathleen Yardley Lonsdale (1903-1971).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Kathleen Lonsdale]] | data-sort-value="1903" | 1903-01-28 | data-sort-value="1971" | 1971-04-01 | [[Droichead Nua]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1193 | [[Íomhá:William Rowan Hamilton painting.jpg|center|128px]] | [[William Rowan Hamilton]] | data-sort-value="1805" | 1805-08-04 | data-sort-value="1865" | 1865-09-02 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1194 | [[Íomhá:George Bernard Shaw 1936.jpg|center|128px]] | [[George Bernard Shaw]] | data-sort-value="1856" | 1856-07-26 | data-sort-value="1950" | 1950-11-02 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1195 | [[Íomhá:Sir Francis Beaufort by Stephen Pearce.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Francis Beaufort]] | data-sort-value="1774" | 1774-05-27 | data-sort-value="1857" | 1857-12-17 | [[An Uaimh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1196 | [[Íomhá:Mícheál Ó Súilleabháin (left) honorary conferring of Seamus Heaney (right) at the University of Limerick, 1996.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Mícheál Ó Súilleabháin (ollamh)|Mícheál Ó Súilleabháin]] | data-sort-value="1950" | 1950-12-10 | data-sort-value="2018" | 2018-11-07 | [[Cluain Meala]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1197 | | [[Seán Ó Céirín]] | data-sort-value="1962" | 1962-07-19 | data-sort-value="2001" | 2001-08-21 | [[Corcaigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1198 | [[Íomhá:Oscar Wilde by Napoleon Sarony. Three-quarter-length photograph, seated.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Oscar Wilde]] | data-sort-value="1854" | 1854-10-16 | data-sort-value="1900" | 1900-11-30 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1199 | [[Íomhá:Bram Stoker 1906.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Bram Stoker]] | data-sort-value="1847" | 1847-11-08 | data-sort-value="1912" | 1912-04-20 | [[Cluain Tarbh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1200 | [[Íomhá:Samuel Beckett, Pic, 1 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Samuel Beckett]] | data-sort-value="1906" | 1906-04-13 | data-sort-value="1989" | 1989-12-22 | [[Carraig an tSionnaigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1201 | [[Íomhá:William Butler Yeats by George Charles Beresford.jpg|center|128px]] | [[W. B. Yeats]] | data-sort-value="1865" | 1865-06-13<br/>1865-03-13 | data-sort-value="1939" | 1939-01-28 | [[Dumhach Thrá]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1202 | [[Íomhá:Jonathan Swift by Charles Jervas detail.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Jonathan Swift]] | data-sort-value="1667" | 1667-11-30 | data-sort-value="1745" | 1745-10-19 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1203 | [[Íomhá:The Shannon Portrait of the Hon Robert Boyle.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Robert Boyle]] | data-sort-value="1627" | 1627-01-25 | data-sort-value="1691" | 1691-12-31 | ''[[:d:Q2368947|Caisleán Leasa Móire]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 1204 | | [[Máire Ní Thuathail (léiritheoir)|Máire Ní Thuathail]] | data-sort-value="1959" | 1959-07-29 | data-sort-value="2016" | 2016-09-19 | [[Tuar Mhic Éadaigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1205 | | [[Aodhán Madden]] | data-sort-value="1947" | 1947 | data-sort-value="2015" | 2015 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1206 | | [[Caitlín Ní Chionnaith]] | data-sort-value="1897" | 1897-09-09 | data-sort-value="1988" | 1988-03-22 | [[An Seanchaisleán]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1207 | | [[Seán Ó Sé (amhránaí)|Seán Ó Sé]] | data-sort-value="1936" | 1936-01-16 | data-sort-value="2026" | 2026-01-13 | [[Corcaigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1208 | | [[Flann Ó Riain]] | data-sort-value="1929" | 1929-09-18 | data-sort-value="2008" | 2008-12-06 | [[Leamhcán]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1209 | | [[Molly Bracken]] | data-sort-value="1908" | 1908-02-03 | data-sort-value="1991" | 1991-11-19 | [[Cluain Meala]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1210 | | [[Séamus Ó hUltacháin]] | data-sort-value="1948" | 1948 | data-sort-value="2023" | 2023-09-19 | ''[[:d:Q104343964|Corr na Gaoithe]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 1211 | | [[Diarmuid Breathnach]] | data-sort-value="1930" | 1930-08-05 | data-sort-value="2023" | 2023-11-13 | ''[[:d:Q104278666|Coill tSíomóin]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 1212 | | [[John William Seoighe]] | data-sort-value="1919" | 1919 | data-sort-value="2015" | 2015 | ''[[:d:Q104320884|Inis an Ghainimh]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 1213 | | [[Mícheál Mháire an Ghabha Ó Ceannabháin]] | data-sort-value="1936" | 1936 | data-sort-value="2005" | 2005 | [[An Aird Thoir]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1214 | | [[Máire an Ghabha]] | data-sort-value="1905" | 1905-03-18 | data-sort-value="1999" | 1999 | [[An Aird Thoir]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1215 | | [[Máirtín Pheaits Ó Cualáin]] | data-sort-value="1922" | 1922-11-22 | data-sort-value="2013" | 2013-03-23 | ''[[:d:Q124326853|An Teach Mór]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 1216 | | [[Cóilín Sheáin Dharach Seoige]] | data-sort-value="1918" | 1918-04 | data-sort-value="2001" | 2001-04 | [[Ros Muc]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1217 | | [[Tom Bheairtle Tom Ó Flatharta]] | data-sort-value="1926" | 1926-08-15 | data-sort-value="2013" | 2013-11-12 | [[An Lochán Beag, Contae na Gaillimhe|An Lochán Beag]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1218 | | [[Tom Phaddy Mac Diarmada]] | data-sort-value="1909" | 1909-03-02 | data-sort-value="2001" | 2001-04-02 | [[An Lochán Beag, Contae na Gaillimhe|An Lochán Beag]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1219 | | [[Johnny Báille]] | data-sort-value="1932" | 1932-03-25 | data-sort-value="2004" | 2004-09-26 | [[Leitir Móir]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1220 | | [[Tess Uí Chonghaile]] | | data-sort-value="2005" | 2005-03-08 | ''[[:d:Q65955633|An Máimín]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 1221 | | [[Meáirt Churraoin]] | data-sort-value="1913" | 1913-12-12 | data-sort-value="1999" | 1999 | ''[[:d:Q104322556|Na hAille]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 1222 | | [[Meaití Jo Shéamuis Ó Fátharta|Meaití Jó Shéamuis Ó Fátharta]] | data-sort-value="1947" | 1947-04-13 | data-sort-value="2025" | 2025-01-03 | ''[[:d:Q104322556|Na hAille]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 1223 | | [[Domhnall Mac Síthigh]] | data-sort-value="1951" | 1951-03-21 | data-sort-value="2017" | 2017-06-09 | ''[[:d:Q104309736|Baile Eaglaise]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 1224 | | [[Pat Cheoinín]] | data-sort-value="1915" | 1915 | data-sort-value="2008" | 2008 | [[Fínis]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1225 | | [[Feistí Ó Conluain]] | data-sort-value="1925" | 1925 | data-sort-value="2001" | 2001-06-04 | ''[[:d:Q124453497|Baile Liam]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 1226 | | [[Máire Nic Dhonnchadha]] | data-sort-value="1937" | 1937 | data-sort-value="2020" | 2020-12-01 | ''[[:d:Q124499647|An Caorán Mór]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 1227 | | [[Réamonn Jimmy Mac Donncha]] | data-sort-value="1938" | 1938 | data-sort-value="2012" | 2012-01-26 | [[Inis Mhic Cionaith]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1228 | | [[Bina McLoughlin]] | data-sort-value="1929" | 1929 | data-sort-value="2001" | 2001-02-16 | ''[[:d:Q104321379|Gleann na nGeimhleach]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 1229 | [[Íomhá:Enright Anne koeln literaturhaus 181108.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Anne Enright]] | data-sort-value="1962" | 1962-10-11 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1230 | [[Íomhá:Roddy Doyle in the festival garden at Haus der Berliner Festspiele on September 14th 2015 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Roddy Doyle]] | data-sort-value="1958" | 1958-05-08 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1231 | [[Íomhá:ThatXmasBFILFF191024 (55 of 119) (54100308426) (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Fiona Shaw]] | data-sort-value="1958" | 1958-07-10 | | [[Contae Chorcaí]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1232 | [[Íomhá:Jay OShea v Stoke cropped.jpg|center|128px]] | [[James O'Shea]] | data-sort-value="1988" | 1988-08-10 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1233 | [[Íomhá:PierceBrosnan-byPhilipRomano.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Pierce Brosnan]] | data-sort-value="1953" | 1953-05-16 | | [[Droichead Átha]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1234 | [[Íomhá:Stephen Ireland 2009 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Stephen Ireland]] | data-sort-value="1986" | 1986-08-22 | | [[Corcaigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1235 | [[Íomhá:Ned O'Sullivan.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Ned O'Sullivan]] | data-sort-value="1950" | 1950-11-25 | | [[Lios Tuathail]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1236 | [[Íomhá:BertieAhernBerlin2007-bis.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Bertie Ahern|Parthalán Ó hEachthairn]] | data-sort-value="1951" | 1951-09-12 | | [[Droim Conrach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1237 | [[Íomhá:JoeyO'Brien.JPG|center|128px]] | [[Joey O'Brien]] | data-sort-value="1986" | 1986-02-17 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1238 | [[Íomhá:2025 Colin Farrell - 2 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Colin Farrell]] | data-sort-value="1976" | 1976-05-31 | | ''[[:d:Q104261563|Caisleán Cnucha]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 1239 | [[Íomhá:2013 Robbie Keane (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Robbie Keane]] | data-sort-value="1980" | 1980-07-08 | | [[Tamhlacht]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1240 | [[Íomhá:Brian Cowen at White House on Saint Patrick's Day 2009.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Brian Cowen|Brian Ó Comhain]] | data-sort-value="1960" | 1960-01-10 | | [[Tulach Mhór]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1241 | [[Íomhá:Mary Robinson (2014).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Máire Mhic Róibín]] | data-sort-value="1944" | 1944-05-21 | | [[Béal an Átha]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1242 | [[Íomhá:Roy keane 2014.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Roy Keane]] | data-sort-value="1971" | 1971-08-10 | | [[Corcaigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1243 | [[Íomhá:DDuff.JPG|center|128px]] | [[Damien Duff]] | data-sort-value="1979" | 1979-03-02 | | [[Baile Baodáin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1245 | [[Íomhá:CillianMurphy-TIFF2025-01-Cropped (cropped).png|center|128px]] | [[Cillian Murphy]] | data-sort-value="1976" | 1976-05-25 | | [[Dúglas]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1246 | [[Íomhá:Mark Deery.jpeg|center|128px]] | [[Mark Dearey]] | data-sort-value="1963" | 1963-03-19 | | [[Contae Lú]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1247 | [[Íomhá:Brendan Gleeson.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Brendan Gleeson]] | data-sort-value="1955" | 1955-03-29 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1248 | [[Íomhá:Evanna Lynch Comic Con Cape Town 2026 02.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Evanna Lynch]] | data-sort-value="1991" | 1991-08-16 | | [[Tearmann Feichín]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1249 | [[Íomhá:Eoin Colfer at BookExpo (05180).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Eoin Colfer]] | data-sort-value="1965" | 1965-05-14 | | [[Loch Garman]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1250 | [[Íomhá:Jonathan Rhys Meyers Cabourg 2013.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Jonathan Rhys Meyers]] | data-sort-value="1977" | 1977-07-27 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1251 | [[Íomhá:Geldof, Bob (IMF 2009).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Bob Geldof]] | data-sort-value="1951" | 1951-10-05 | | [[Dún Laoghaire]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1252 | [[Íomhá:WP2016 GlenHansard FFM.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Glen Hansard]] | data-sort-value="1970" | 1970-04-21 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1253 | [[Íomhá:Sheamus March 2018.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Sheamus]] | data-sort-value="1978" | 1978-01-28 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1254 | [[Íomhá:Cecelia Ahern - Buchmesse Wien 2022 (a).JPG|center|128px]] | [[Cecelia Ahern]] | data-sort-value="1981" | 1981-09-30 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1255 | [[Íomhá:Niamh Kavanagh in Oslo 2010.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Niamh Kavanagh]] | data-sort-value="1968" | 1968-02-13 | | [[Fionnghlas]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1256 | [[Íomhá:Eimear Quinn tijdens Het Grote Songfestivalfeest 2019.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Eimear Quinn]] | data-sort-value="1972" | 1972-12-18 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1257 | [[Íomhá:Sarah Bolger (48484781976) (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Sarah Bolger]] | data-sort-value="1991" | 1991-02-28 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1258 | [[Íomhá:Sharon Corr.png|center|128px]] | [[Sharon Corr]] | data-sort-value="1970" | 1970-03-24 | | [[Dún Dealgan]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1259 | [[Íomhá:Elaine Cassidy 2012.png|center|128px]] | [[Elaine Cassidy]] | data-sort-value="1979" | 1979-12-31 | | [[Cill Chomhghaill]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1260 | [[Íomhá:Sonia O'Sullivan from Sean Kelly and Sonia O Sullivan.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Sonia O'Sullivan]] | data-sort-value="1969" | 1969-11-28 | | [[An Cóbh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1261 | [[Íomhá:Fionnula Flanagan (2018) (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Fionnula Flanagan]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-12-10 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1262 | | [[Michelle Smith]] | data-sort-value="1969" | 1969-12-16 | | [[Ráth Cúil, Baile Átha Cliath|Ráth Cúil]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1263 | [[Íomhá:Finnan.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Steve Finnan]] | data-sort-value="1976" | 1976-04-24 | | [[Luimneach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1264 | [[Íomhá:Richard Dunne 2012 Sopot.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Richard Dunne]] | data-sort-value="1979" | 1979-09-21 | | [[Tamhlacht]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1265 | [[Íomhá:Naoise Ó Muirí 2013.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Naoise Ó Muirí]] | data-sort-value="1972" | 1972-09-15 | | [[Gaillimh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1266 | [[Íomhá:WithSMcropped.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Samantha Mumba]] | data-sort-value="1983" | 1983-01-18 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1267 | [[Íomhá:Christy Moore in Vicar Street.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Christy Moore]] | data-sort-value="1945" | 1945-05-07 | | [[Droichead Nua]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1268 | [[Íomhá:Kerry Condon during an interview in 2022 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Kerry Condon]] | data-sort-value="1983" | 1983-01-09 | | [[Dúrlas Éile|Durlas]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1269 | [[Íomhá:Marian Keyes 2022.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Marian Keyes]] | data-sort-value="1963" | 1963-09-10 | | [[Luimneach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1270 | [[Íomhá:Imelda May (1).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Imelda May]] | data-sort-value="1974" | 1974-07-10 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1271 | [[Íomhá:Alison Doody 2.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Alison Doody]] | data-sort-value="1966" | 1966-11-11 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1272 | [[Íomhá:Katie Taylor 2012 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Katie Taylor]] | data-sort-value="1986" | 1986-07-02 | | [[Bré]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1273 | [[Íomhá:Maryolympia.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Mary Black]] | data-sort-value="1955" | 1955-05-23<br/>1955-05-22 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1274 | [[Íomhá:John Lyons 2012.jpg|center|128px]] | [[John Lyons]] | data-sort-value="1977" | 1977-06 | | [[Baile Munna]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1275 | [[Íomhá:Andrea corr glastonbury.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Andrea Corr]] | data-sort-value="1974" | 1974-05-17 | | [[Dún Dealgan]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1276 | [[Íomhá:Éamon Ó Cuív clutching a cup.png|center|128px]] | [[Éamon Ó Cuív]] | data-sort-value="1950" | 1950-06-23 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1277 | [[Íomhá:Seán Haughey, Jan 2024 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Seán Ó hEochaidh]] | data-sort-value="1961" | 1961-11-08 | | [[Ráth Eanaigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1278 | [[Íomhá:Dublin Writers Festival 2007 (686228986) (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Claire Keegan]] | data-sort-value="1968" | 1968 | | [[Contae Chill Mhantáin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1279 | [[Íomhá:StSunniva.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Sunniva]] | data-sort-value="901" | 10th century | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éire]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1280 | [[Íomhá:Kevin Doyle at Avaya (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Kevin Doyle]] | data-sort-value="1983" | 1983-09-18 | | [[Maigh Arnaí]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1281 | [[Íomhá:Gabriel Byrne 2010.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Gabriel Byrne]] | data-sort-value="1950" | 1950-05-12 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1282 | [[Íomhá:FIFA WC-qualification 2014 - Austria vs Ireland 2013-09-10 - Shane Long 02.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Shane Long]] | data-sort-value="1987" | 1987-01-22 | | [[Gort na hUamha]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1283 | [[Íomhá:Charlie McCreevy portrait.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Charles McCreevy|Cathal Mac Riabhaigh]] | data-sort-value="1949" | 1949-09-30 | | [[Na Solláin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1284 | [[Íomhá:Manchester - Old Trafford - Manchester United vs Crawley Town.jpg|center|128px]] | [[John O'Shea]] | data-sort-value="1981" | 1981-04-30 | | [[Port Láirge]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1285 | [[Íomhá:Cox Portrait 2002.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Pat Cox|Pádraig Mac an Choiligh]] | data-sort-value="1952" | 1952-11-28 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1286 | [[Íomhá:Ronan Keating - 2016-11-25 Night of the Proms (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Ronan Keating]] | data-sort-value="1977" | 1977-03-03 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1287 | [[Íomhá:Damien Rice 5.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Damien Rice]] | data-sort-value="1973" | 1973-12-07 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1288 | [[Íomhá:Brian McFadden (cropped2).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Brian McFadden]] | data-sort-value="1980" | 1980-04-12 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1289 | [[Íomhá:John Banville (2019) III.jpg|center|128px]] | [[John Banville]] | data-sort-value="1945" | 1945-12-08 | | [[Loch Garman]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1290 | [[Íomhá:Colm Meaney at the 2024 Toronto International Film Festival (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Colm Meaney]] | data-sort-value="1953" | 1953-05-30 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1291 | [[Íomhá:Stephen Hunt 2011.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Stephen Hunt]] | data-sort-value="1981" | 1981-08-01 | | [[Port Laoise]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1292 | [[Íomhá:10.5.17RobertSheehanByLuigiNovi1.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Robert Sheehan]] | data-sort-value="1988" | 1988-01-07 | | [[Port Laoise]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1293 | [[Íomhá:Glenn Whelan 2012 Sopot.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Glenn Whelan]] | data-sort-value="1984" | 1984-01-13 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1294 | [[Íomhá:Keith Andrews, Brentford F.C. head coach, August 2025.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Keith Andrews]] | data-sort-value="1980" | 1980-09-13 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1295 | [[Íomhá:Staunton, Steve.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Steve Staunton]] | data-sort-value="1969" | 1969-01-19 | | [[Droichead Átha]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1296 | [[Íomhá:FIFA WC-qualification 2014 - Austria vs Ireland 2013-09-10 - Paul McShane 03 (cropped).JPG|center|128px]] | [[Paul McShane]] | data-sort-value="1986" | 1986-01-06 | | [[Cill Mhantáin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1297 | [[Íomhá:Denis Irwin (2017-07-29 img06) (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Denis Irwin]] | data-sort-value="1965" | 1965-10-31 | | [[Corcaigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1298 | [[Íomhá:ESC2016 - Ireland 01 3.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Nicky Byrne]] | data-sort-value="1978" | 1978-10-09 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1299 | [[Íomhá:Stephen Kelly 2012 Sopot.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Stephen Kelly]] | data-sort-value="1983" | 1983-09-06 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1300 | [[Íomhá:Niall Quinn 2011 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Niall Quinn]] | data-sort-value="1966" | 1966-10-06 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1301 | [[Íomhá:Ken Doherty PHC 2012-3.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Ken Doherty]] | data-sort-value="1969" | 1969-09-17 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1302 | [[Íomhá:Catherine Day, Secretary-General of the EC - 2011.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Catherine Day]] | data-sort-value="1954" | 1954-06-16 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1303 | [[Íomhá:Darren Shan (2016).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Darren Shan]] | data-sort-value="1972" | 1972-07-03<br/>1972-07-02 | | [[Londain]]<br/>[[Luimneach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1304 | [[Íomhá:Dick Spring, April 1995 02 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Dick Spring|Risteard Mac An Earraigh]] | data-sort-value="1950" | 1950-08-29 | | [[Trá Lí]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1305 | [[Íomhá:Liam Brady rte.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Liam Brady]] | data-sort-value="1956" | 1956-02-13 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1306 | [[Íomhá:Stephen ROCHE.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Stephen Roche]] | data-sort-value="1959" | 1959-11-28 | | [[Dún Droma]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1307 | [[Íomhá:Aidan Gillen Official.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Aidan Gillen]] | data-sort-value="1968" | 1968-04-24 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1308 | [[Íomhá:Darren O'Dea 2011.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Darren O'Dea]] | data-sort-value="1987" | 1987-02-04 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1309 | [[Íomhá:Ciarán Cannon April 2018 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Ciarán Cannon|Ciarán Ó Canáin]] | data-sort-value="1965" | 1965-09-19 | | [[Gaillimh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1310 | [[Íomhá:John Boyne in Dublin (cropped).JPG|center|128px]] | [[John Boyne]] | data-sort-value="1971" | 1971-04-30 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1311 | | [[Máirtín Mac Cumascaigh]] | data-sort-value="1978" | 1978-11-09 | | [[Cill Chainnigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1312 | | [[Dan Neville]] | data-sort-value="1946" | 1946-12-08 | | [[Contae Luimnigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1313 | [[Íomhá:Liam Twomey, May 2015 (17744432900) (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Liam Twomey]] | data-sort-value="1967" | 1967-04-03 | | [[Cloich na Coillte]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1314 | [[Íomhá:Ciarán Cuffe Annual Green Convention 2018.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Ciarán Cuffe]] | data-sort-value="1963" | 1963-04-03 | | [[Seanchill]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1315 | [[Íomhá:Bernard Durkan (official portrait) 2020 (cropped) 2.png|center|128px]] | [[Bernard Durkan]] | data-sort-value="1945" | 1945-03-26 | | [[Béal Átha na Muice]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1316 | [[Íomhá:DOOR STEP 2016-07-12 Denis Naughten (27644046983).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Denis Naughten]] | data-sort-value="1973" | 1973-06-23 | | [[Contae Ros Comáin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1317 | [[Íomhá:PadraigHarrington2004RyderCup.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Pádraig Harrington]] | data-sort-value="1971" | 1971-08-31 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1318 | [[Íomhá:Dylan Moran Melbourne.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Dylan Moran]] | data-sort-value="1971" | 1971-11-03 | | [[An Uaimh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1319 | [[Íomhá:Eoin Hand (1981).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Eoin Hand]] | data-sort-value="1946" | 1946-03-30 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1320 | [[Íomhá:Anthony Lawlor.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Anthony Lawlor]] | data-sort-value="1959" | 1959-06-13 | | [[Baile Eoin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1321 | | [[Gary Deegan]] | data-sort-value="1987" | 1987-09-28 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1322 | [[Íomhá:Tommy Bowe.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Tommy Bowe]] | data-sort-value="1984" | 1984-02-22 | | [[Muineachán]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1323 | [[Íomhá:Cardinal Sean Patrick Brady.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Seán Mac Brádaigh]] | data-sort-value="1939" | 1939-08-16 | | ''[[:d:Q5309129|Drumcalpin]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 1324 | [[Íomhá:Marian Harkin, Dec 2024 - 54193737946 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Marian Harkin]] | data-sort-value="1953" | 1953-11-26 | | [[Baile an Tóchair]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1325 | [[Íomhá:Maria Doyle Kennedy 2014 crop.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Maria Doyle Kennedy]] | data-sort-value="1964" | 1964-09-25 | | [[Cluain Tarbh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1326 | [[Íomhá:Deirdre de Búrca at Lisbon 2.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Déirdre de Búrca]] | data-sort-value="1963" | 1963-10 | | [[Corcaigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1327 | [[Íomhá:Joan Burton crop.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Joan Burton|Siobhán de Bhurtúin]] | data-sort-value="1949" | 1949-02-01 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1328 | [[Íomhá:Jan O'Sullivan.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Jan O'Sullivan|Jan Uí Shúilleabháin]] | data-sort-value="1950" | 1950-12-06 | | [[Luimneach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1329 | [[Íomhá:Gerard Collins MEP 1994.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Gerry Collins]] | data-sort-value="1938" | 1938-10-16 | | [[Mainistir na Féile]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1330 | | [[Kirsten Sheridan]] | data-sort-value="1976" | 1976-07-14 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1331 | [[Íomhá:Rob Kearney 2015 RWC.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Rob Kearney]] | data-sort-value="1986" | 1986-03-26 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1332 | [[Íomhá:Alan Dukes, December 1996 (cropped original).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Alan Dukes|Ailéin de Diúc]] | data-sort-value="1945" | 1945-04-20 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1333 | [[Íomhá:Alan Kelly 2011.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Alan Kelly (polaiteoir)|Alan Kelly]] | data-sort-value="1975" | 1975-07-13 | | [[An Port Rua]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1334 | [[Íomhá:FIFA WC-qualification 2014 - Austria vs Ireland 2013-09-10 - David Forde 01.jpg|center|128px]] | [[David Forde]] | data-sort-value="1979" | 1979-12-20 | | [[Gaillimh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1335 | [[Íomhá:Domhnall Gleeson - Walk of Fame.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Domhnall Gleeson]] | data-sort-value="1983" | 1983-05-12 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1336 | [[Íomhá:Brendan Howlin Aviva (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Brendan Howlin|Breandán Ó hAmhláin]] | data-sort-value="1956" | 1956-05-09 | | [[Loch Garman]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1337 | [[Íomhá:Brendan Smith 2024 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Brendan Smith]] | data-sort-value="1956" | 1956-06-01 | | [[An Cabhán]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1338 | [[Íomhá:The British Library - Classic Album Sundays present an Evening with Róisín Murphy (zPkiYJX5h7Q - 1920x1080 - 8m43s).png|center|128px]] | [[Róisín Murphy]] | data-sort-value="1973" | 1973-07-05 | | [[An tInbhear Mór]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1339 | [[Íomhá:Mary Lou McDonald, 2018.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Mary Lou McDonald]] | data-sort-value="1969" | 1969-05-01 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1340 | | [[Doireann Ní Bhriain]] | data-sort-value="1952" | 1952 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1341 | | [[Dawn Martin]] | data-sort-value="1976" | 1976-06-28 | | [[Dún Dealgan]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1342 | [[Íomhá:Mary White Green Party.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Mary White]] | data-sort-value="1948" | 1948-11-24 | | [[Bré]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1343 | | [[Marina Carr]] | data-sort-value="1964" | 1964-11-17 | | [[Contae Uíbh Fhailí]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1344 | [[Íomhá:Siobhan Fahey.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Siobhan Fahey]] | data-sort-value="1958" | 1958-09-10 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1345 | [[Íomhá:Mary Harney cropped.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Mary Harney|Máire Ní Áirne]] | data-sort-value="1953" | 1953-03-11 | | [[Béal Átha na Sluaighe]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1346 | [[Íomhá:Mairead McGuinness 2023.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Mairead McGuinness|Máiréad Nic Aonasa]] | data-sort-value="1959" | 1959-06-13 | | [[Droichead Átha]]<br/>[[Baile Átha Fhirdhia]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1347 | [[Íomhá:Mary Hanafin (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Máire Ní Ainifín]] | data-sort-value="1959" | 1959-06-01 | | [[Dúrlas Éile|Durlas]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1348 | [[Íomhá:Andy Reid.png|center|128px]] | [[Andy Reid]] | data-sort-value="1982" | 1982-07-29 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1349 | [[Íomhá:Colm toibin 2006.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Colm Tóibín]] | data-sort-value="1955" | 1955-05-30 | | [[Inis Córthaidh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1350 | [[Íomhá:KeithFahey Augsburg.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Keith Fahey]] | data-sort-value="1983" | 1983-01-15 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1351 | [[Íomhá:Batt O'Keeffe 2.png|center|128px]] | [[Batt O'Keeffe]] | data-sort-value="1945" | 1945-04-02 | | [[Mala]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1352 | [[Íomhá:Prendergast, Phil-9374.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Phil Prendergast]] | data-sort-value="1959" | 1959-09-20 | | [[Contae Chill Chainnigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1353 | | [[Ruth Bradley]] | data-sort-value="1987" | 1987-01-24 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1354 | [[Íomhá:SKenny.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Stephen Kenny]] | data-sort-value="1971" | 1971-10-30 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1355 | [[Íomhá:Cillian Sheridan.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Cillian Sheridan]] | data-sort-value="1989" | 1989-02-23 | | [[Coill an Chollaigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1356 | | [[Yvonne McGuinness]] | data-sort-value="1972" | 1972-10-12 | | [[Cill Chainnigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1357 | [[Íomhá:Mary Kennedy at Electric Picnic 2024.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Mary Kennedy]] | data-sort-value="1956" | 1956-10-04 | | [[Cluain Dolcáin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1358 | [[Íomhá:Nessa Childers MEP Ireland 01 (cropped).JPG|center|128px]] | [[Nessa Childers]] | data-sort-value="1956" | 1956-10-09 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1359 | [[Íomhá:Alan Shatter.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Alan Shatter]] | data-sort-value="1951" | 1951-02-01 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1360 | [[Íomhá:Anthony Stokes Tehran derby.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Anthony Stokes]] | data-sort-value="1988" | 1988-07-25 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1361 | | [[Avril Doyle]] | data-sort-value="1949" | 1949-04-18 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1362 | [[Íomhá:Frances Fitzgerald 2011.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Frances Fitzgerald|Proinséas Mhic Gearailt]] | data-sort-value="1950" | 1950-08-01 | | [[Cromadh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1363 | [[Íomhá:Catherine Byrne TD.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Catherine Byrne]] | data-sort-value="1956" | 1956-02-26 | | [[An Cloigín Gorm]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1364 | [[Íomhá:Dervla Kirwan at the BAFTA's in 2009.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Dervla Kirwan]] | data-sort-value="1971" | 1971-10-24<br/>1971-10-23 | | [[Baile an Teampaill (Baile Átha Cliath)|Baile an Teampaill]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1365 | [[Íomhá:1718637040285 20190604 KELLEHER Billy IE 14.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Billy Kelleher]] | data-sort-value="1968" | 1968-01-20 | | [[Corcaigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1366 | [[Íomhá:Minister Jimmy Deenihan at the Feile na Greine Festival, Tech Amergin, Waterville, Co Kerry. 2012.JPG|center|128px]] | [[Jimmy Deenihan]] | data-sort-value="1952" | 1952-09-11 | | [[Leic Snámha]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1367 | [[Íomhá:Pat Breen 2017 at Opening plenary session, 11 December 2017 cropped.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Pat Breen]] | data-sort-value="1957" | 1957-03-21 | | [[Inis (baile)|Inis]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1368 | [[Íomhá:Pat Rabbitte, circa 2002.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Pat Rabbite|Pádraic Ó Coinín]] | data-sort-value="1949" | 1949-05-18 | | [[Clár Chlainne Mhuiris]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1369 | [[Íomhá:Paddy Keenan ACF.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Paddy Keenan]] | data-sort-value="1950" | 1950-01-30 | | [[Baile Átha Troim]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1370 | | [[John Joe Nevin|John Joseph Nevin]] | data-sort-value="1989" | 1989-06-07 | | [[An Muileann gCearr]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1371 | [[Íomhá:Donal MacIntyre.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Donal MacIntyre]] | data-sort-value="1966" | 1966-01-25 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1372 | [[Íomhá:Michael O’Leary 2015 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Michael O'Leary (Ryanair)|Michael O'Leary]] | data-sort-value="1961" | 1961-03-20 | | [[An Muileann gCearr]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1373 | [[Íomhá:Kian Egan 2009.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Kian Egan]] | data-sort-value="1980" | 1980-04-29 | | [[Sligeach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1374 | [[Íomhá:Paul Murphy 2013.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Paul Murphy (Polaiteoir Éireannach)|Paul Murphy]] | data-sort-value="1983" | 1983-04-13 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1375 | [[Íomhá:Michael Kitt, 2015 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Michael P. Kitt]] | data-sort-value="1950" | 1950-05-17 | | [[Tuaim]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1376 | [[Íomhá:Louis Walsh2009July.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Louis Walsh]] | data-sort-value="1952" | 1952-08-05 | | [[Coillte Mach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1377 | | [[Conor McPherson]] | data-sort-value="1971" | 1971-08-06 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1378 | [[Íomhá:Eamonn Coghlan (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Eamonn Coghlan]] | data-sort-value="1952" | 1952-11-21 | | [[Droimeanach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1379 | [[Íomhá:RubyWalsh2013.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Ruby Walsh]] | data-sort-value="1979" | 1979-05-14 | | ''[[:d:Q2084287|An Chill]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 1380 | | [[Éamann Ó Braonáin]] | data-sort-value="1978" | 1978-10-02 | | [[Corcaigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1381 | [[Íomhá:Shane Filan.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Shane Filan]] | data-sort-value="1979" | 1979-07-05 | | [[Sligeach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1382 | [[Íomhá:President Biden celebrates 2023 Saint Patrick's Day at the White House (4) (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Niall Horan]] | data-sort-value="1993" | 1993-09-13 | | [[An Muileann gCearr]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1383 | [[Íomhá:2023-04-29 18-11-19 ILCE-7C DSC15774 Kiri DxO.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Jack Gleeson]] | data-sort-value="1992" | 1992-05-20 | | [[Corcaigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1384 | | [[Paddy Reilly]] | data-sort-value="1939" | 1939-10-18 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1385 | [[Íomhá:LarryMullenJr.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Larry Mullen]] | data-sort-value="1961" | 1961-10-31 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1386 | [[Íomhá:Bono singing in Indianapolis on Joshua Tree Tour 2017 9-10-17.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Bono]] | data-sort-value="1960" | 1960-05-10 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1387 | | [[Brian Kerr]] | data-sort-value="1953" | 1953-03-03<br/>1953-03-05 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1388 | | [[Gráinne Seoige]] | data-sort-value="1973" | 1973-11-05 | | [[An Spidéal]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1389 | | [[Billy Roche]] | data-sort-value="1949" | 1949-01-11 | | [[Loch Garman]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1390 | [[Íomhá:Brian O'Driscoll 2.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Brian O'Driscoll]] | data-sort-value="1979" | 1979-01-21 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1391 | [[Íomhá:Eamon Ryan Green Party.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Eamon Ryan|Éamon Ryan]] | data-sort-value="1963" | 1963-07-28 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1392 | [[Íomhá:2026 Micheál Martin - (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Mícheál Ó Máirtín]] | data-sort-value="1960" | 1960-08-16 | | [[Corcaigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1393 | [[Íomhá:1718705088377 20240617 NI MHURCHU Cynthia IE 007.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Cynthia Ní Mhurchú]] | data-sort-value="1966" | 1966 | | [[Ceatharlach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1394 | | [[Gráinne Murphy]] | data-sort-value="1993" | 1993-03-26 | | [[Loch Garman]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1395 | [[Íomhá:Michael Carruth, 1992.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Michael Carruth]] | data-sort-value="1967" | 1967-07-09 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1396 | [[Íomhá:Dermot Bolger.png|center|128px]] | [[Dermot Bolger]] | data-sort-value="1959" | 1959-02-06 | | [[Fionnghlas]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1397 | [[Íomhá:Stefan Molyneux 2014-02-10.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Stefan Molyneux]] | data-sort-value="1966" | 1966-09-24 | | [[Baile Átha Luain]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1398 | | [[Kevin Moran (peileadóir)|Kevin Moran]] | data-sort-value="1956" | 1956-04-29 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1399 | [[Íomhá:Jim Corr (Vienna, 2016) 01.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Jim Corr]] | data-sort-value="1964" | 1964-07-31 | | [[Dún Dealgan]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1400 | [[Íomhá:Graham Linehan - 2013 (8735745502) (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Graham Linehan]] | data-sort-value="1968" | 1968-05-22 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1401 | [[Íomhá:3968-owen heary (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Owen Heary]] | data-sort-value="1976" | 1976-10-04 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1402 | [[Íomhá:Shane Horgan 2009 cropped.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Shane Horgan]] | data-sort-value="1978" | 1978-07-18 | | [[Droichead Átha]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1403 | [[Íomhá:Sinkevichinring.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Kenny Egan]] | data-sort-value="1982" | 1982-01-07 | | [[Cluain Dolcáin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1404 | [[Íomhá:John Hayes LQ 2010.jpg|center|128px]] | [[John Hayes]] | data-sort-value="1973" | 1973-11-02 | | ''[[:d:Q5308307|An Drom Salach]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 1405 | [[Íomhá:Jim-Higgins-Ireland-MIP-Europaparlament-by-Leila-Paul-1.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Jim Higgins]] | data-sort-value="1945" | 1945-05-04 | | [[Béal Átha hAmhnais]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1406 | | [[Seán Ó Neachtain]] | data-sort-value="1947" | 1947-05-22 | | [[Gaillimh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1407 | [[Íomhá:GordonDarcy.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Gordon D'Arcy]] | data-sort-value="1980" | 1980-02-10 | | [[Loch Garman]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1408 | [[Íomhá:Colum McCann Speaking2.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Colum McCann]] | data-sort-value="1965" | 1965-02-28 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1409 | [[Íomhá:Henry Shefflin.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Henry Shefflin|Anraí Ó Sibhleáin]] | data-sort-value="1979" | 1979-01-11 | | [[Port Láirge]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1410 | [[Íomhá:Richard Bruton 2013.jpeg|center|128px]] | [[Richard Bruton|Risteard de Briotún]] | data-sort-value="1953" | 1953-03-15 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1411 | | [[Séamus Kirk]] | data-sort-value="1945" | 1945-04-26 | | [[Contae Lú]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1412 | [[Íomhá:John O'Donoghue.JPG|center|128px]] | [[John O'Donoghue (polaiteoir)|John O'Donoghue]] | data-sort-value="1956" | 1956-05-28 | | [[Cathair Saidhbhín]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1413 | [[Íomhá:Eamon Gilmore Conference 2010 cropped.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Éamon Mac Giollamóir]] | data-sort-value="1955" | 1955-04-24 | | [[An Chealtrach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1414 | [[Íomhá:(Phil Hogan) 160531 Informal Meeting Ministers of Agriculture Informal Meeting of EU Ministers of Agriculture (26766297963) (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Phil Hogan]] | data-sort-value="1960" | 1960-07-04 | | [[Cill Chainnigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1415 | [[Íomhá:Dara Ó Briain 2011 BAFTAs.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Dara Ó Briain]] | data-sort-value="1972" | 1972-02-04 | | [[Bré]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1416 | [[Íomhá:Donal-lunny-the-basement-sydney-australia-24-03-06.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Donal Lunny]] | data-sort-value="1947" | 1947-03-10 | | [[Tulach Mhór]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1417 | [[Íomhá:Finn Bálor Backstage cropped.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Finn Bálor]] | data-sort-value="1981" | 1981-07-25 | | [[Bré]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1418 | [[Íomhá:Seán Gallagher.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Seán Gallagher]] | data-sort-value="1962" | 1962-07-07 | | [[Muineachán]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1419 | [[Íomhá:Charlie Flanagan 2014.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Charles Flanagan]] | data-sort-value="1956" | 1956-11-01 | | [[Móinteach Mílic]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1420 | [[Íomhá:Charles McDonald, June 12 1973 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Charles McDonald]] | data-sort-value="1935" | 1935-06-11 | | [[Contae Laoise]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1421 | [[Íomhá:Colm Burke 2015.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Colm Burke]] | data-sort-value="1957" | 1957-01-17 | | [[Corcaigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1422 | [[Íomhá:Dara Calleary (official portrait) 2020 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Dara Calleary]] | data-sort-value="1973" | 1973-05-10 | | [[Béal an Átha]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1423 | [[Íomhá:Darragh O'Brien.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Darragh O'Brien]] | data-sort-value="1974" | 1974-07-08 | | [[Mullach Íde]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1424 | [[Íomhá:David Feldman SA at Autumn Stampex 2017.jpg|center|128px]] | [[David Feldman (saineolaí stampaí)|David Feldman]] | data-sort-value="1947" | 1947 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1425 | [[Íomhá:Deirdre Clune 2014 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Deirdre Clune]] | data-sort-value="1959" | 1959-06-01 | | [[Corcaigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1426 | [[Íomhá:Denis O'Donovan at the Enthronement of Naruhito (1).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Denis O'Donovan]] | data-sort-value="1955" | 1955-07-23 | | [[Beanntraí]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1427 | [[Íomhá:Diarmuid Wilson.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Diarmuid Wilson]] | data-sort-value="1965" | 1965-11-20 | | [[Contae an Chabháin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1428 | [[Íomhá:Philip Pettit.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Philip Pettit]] | data-sort-value="1945" | 1945 | | [[Béal Átha Ghártha]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1429 | [[Íomhá:Dominic Hannigan.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Dominic Hannigan]] | data-sort-value="1965" | 1965-07 | | [[Droichead Átha]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1431 | [[Íomhá:Paschal Donohoe, 2025.11.12 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Paschal Donohoe]] | data-sort-value="1974" | 1974-09-19 | | [[Baile Phib]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1432 | [[Íomhá:Ardal O'Hanlon.png|center|128px]] | [[Ardal O'Hanlon]] | data-sort-value="1965" | 1965-10-08 | | [[Carraig Mhachaire Rois]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1433 | [[Íomhá:Marc McSharry in 2020.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Marc MacSharry]] | data-sort-value="1973" | 1973-07-12 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1434 | [[Íomhá:Eoin Ryan Jnr, 2009 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Eoin Ryan|Eoin Ó Riain]] | data-sort-value="1953" | 1953-02-24 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1435 | [[Íomhá:Kelly, Seán-9813.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Seán Kelly (Fine Gael)|Seán Ó Ceallaigh]] | data-sort-value="1952" | 1952-04-26 | | [[Cill Airne]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1436 | [[Íomhá:Ray MacSharry, May 1980 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Ray MacSharry|Réamann Mac Searraigh]] | data-sort-value="1938" | 1938-04-29 | | [[Sligeach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1437 | [[Íomhá:Joe Higgins TD, 2014.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Joe Higgins]] | data-sort-value="1949" | 1949-05-20 | | [[Lios Póil]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1438 | [[Íomhá:Willie O'Dea 2009.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Willie O'Dea]] | data-sort-value="1952" | 1952-11-01 | | [[Luimneach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1439 | [[Íomhá:Michael Noonan, May 2017 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Michael Noonan|Micheál Ó Nuanáin]] | data-sort-value="1943" | 1943-05-21 | | [[Luimneach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1440 | [[Íomhá:Gerald Barry 2007.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Gerald Barry]] | data-sort-value="1952" | 1952-04-28 | | [[Contae an Chláir]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1441 | [[Íomhá:Proinsias De Rossa, cropped.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Proinsias de Rossa|Proinsias De Rossa]] | data-sort-value="1940" | 1940-05-15 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1442 | [[Íomhá:Willo Flood 3.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Willo Flood]] | data-sort-value="1985" | 1985-04-10 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1443 | [[Íomhá:Johnny Sexton, Jan 2020 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Jonathan Sexton]] | data-sort-value="1985" | 1985-07-11 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1444 | [[Íomhá:Gay Mitchell.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Gabriel de Mhistéal]] | data-sort-value="1951" | 1951-12-30 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1445 | | [[Fidelma Healy Eames]] | data-sort-value="1962" | 1962-07-14 | | [[Maigh Locha]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1446 | [[Íomhá:Frank Feighan 2014.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Frank Feighan]] | data-sort-value="1962" | 1962-07-04 | | ''[[:d:Q1124843|Mainistir na Búille]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 1447 | [[Íomhá:Peter Stringer Munster.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Peter Stringer]] | data-sort-value="1977" | 1977-12-13 | | [[Corcaigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1448 | [[Íomhá:Paddy Burke 2014.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Paddy Burke]] | data-sort-value="1955" | 1955-01-15 | | [[Caisleán an Bharraigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1449 | [[Íomhá:Newly Elected Deputy Noel Grealish 2024 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Noel Grealish]] | data-sort-value="1965" | 1965-12-16 | | [[Gaillimh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1450 | [[Íomhá:Jason Byrne pictured vs Drogheda United at Dalymount Park, Aug 2014.png|center|128px]] | [[Jason Byrne (imreoir sacair)|Jason Byrne]] | data-sort-value="1978" | 1978-02-23 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1451 | [[Íomhá:Pat Kenny.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Pat Kenny]] | data-sort-value="1948" | 1948-01-29 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1452 | [[Íomhá:Caroline Corr (Vienna, 2016) 03 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Caroline Corr]] | data-sort-value="1973" | 1973-03-17 | | [[Dún Dealgan]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1453 | [[Íomhá:Simon Coveney 2018.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Simon Coveney|Síomón Ó Cómhanaigh]] | data-sort-value="1972" | 1972-06-16 | | [[Corcaigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1454 | [[Íomhá:Michael Lowry.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Michael Lowry]] | data-sort-value="1954" | 1954-03-13 | | [[Contae Thiobraid Árann]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1455 | [[Íomhá:James Reilly April 2014.jpg|center|128px]] | [[James Reilly]] | data-sort-value="1955" | 1955-08-16 | | [[Lusca]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1456 | | [[Jim Walsh]] | data-sort-value="1947" | 1947-05-05 | | [[Ros Mhic Thriúin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1457 | [[Íomhá:John Gormley TD, Minister for the Environment, Heritage and Local Government.jpg|center|128px]] | [[John Gormley]] | data-sort-value="1959" | 1959-08-04 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1458 | | [[Tom Sheahan]] | data-sort-value="1968" | 1968-09-05 | | [[Cill Airne]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1459 | [[Íomhá:Leo Varadkar TD (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Leo Varadkar]] | data-sort-value="1979" | 1979-01-18 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1460 | [[Íomhá:Terence Flanagan.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Terence Flanagan]] | data-sort-value="1975" | 1975-01-01 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1461 | [[Íomhá:Kevin Joseph Farrell 1.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Kevin Farrell]] | data-sort-value="1947" | 1947-09-02 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1462 | | [[Glen Crowe]] | data-sort-value="1977" | 1977-12-25 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1463 | [[Íomhá:Fenlon (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Pat Fenlon]] | data-sort-value="1969" | 1969-03-15 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1464 | [[Íomhá:Mark Feehily 2011.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Mark Feehily]] | data-sort-value="1980" | 1980-05-28 | | [[Sligeach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1465 | | [[Noel Coonan]] | data-sort-value="1951" | 1951-01-06 | | [[Contae Thiobraid Árann]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1466 | | [[Labhrás Ó Murchú]] | data-sort-value="1939" | 1939-08-14 | | [[Caiseal (Tiobraid Árann)|Caiseal]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1467 | [[Íomhá:Tríona Ní Dhomhnaill 2005.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Tríona Ní Dhomhnaill]] | data-sort-value="1953" | 1953 | | [[Ceanannas]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1468 | [[Íomhá:Flickr - DEEEP Project - MEP Liam Aylward, Ireland.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Liam Aighleart]] | data-sort-value="1952" | 1952-09-27 | | [[Muileann an Bhata]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1469 | | [[Liam Mac Cóil]] | data-sort-value="1952" | 1952 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1470 | [[Íomhá:Maighread Ní Dhomhnaill.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Maighread Ní Dhomhnaill]] | data-sort-value="1955" | 1955 | | [[Ceanannas]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1471 | [[Íomhá:John Spillane 1 2010 (cropped).JPG|center|128px]] | [[John Spillane]] | data-sort-value="1961" | 1961 | | [[Corcaigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1472 | [[Íomhá:Зустріч Президента України з головами обох палат парламенту Ірландії 11.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Mark Daly]] | data-sort-value="1973" | 1973-03-12 | | [[Corcaigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1473 | | [[Maurice Cummins]] | data-sort-value="1953" | 1953-02-25 | | [[Contae Phort Láirge]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1474 | [[Íomhá:McDowell says NO! (9826113044) (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Michael McDowell|Mícheál Mac Dubhghaill]] | data-sort-value="1951" | 1951-05-29 | | [[Raghnallach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1475 | [[Íomhá:Trevor Joyce 2020.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Trevor Joyce]] | data-sort-value="1947" | 1947-10-26 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1476 | [[Íomhá:Niall O Brolchain Mayor Galway.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Niall Ó Brolcháin]] | data-sort-value="1965" | 1965-04-14 | | [[Gaillimh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1477 | [[Íomhá:Nora Owen, May 1996.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Nora Owen]] | data-sort-value="1945" | 1945-06-01 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1478 | [[Íomhá:Paul O'Connell warmup.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Paul O'Connell]] | data-sort-value="1979" | 1979-10-20 | | [[Luimneach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1479 | [[Íomhá:Ruairi Quinn (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Ruairi Quinn|Ruairí Ó Cuinn]] | data-sort-value="1946" | 1946-04-02 | | [[Dumhach Thrá]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1480 | [[Íomhá:Muireann Nic Amhlaoibh. Waterville.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Muireann Nic Amhlaoibh]] | data-sort-value="1978" | 1978 | | [[Inis Oírr]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1481 | | [[Paul Bradford]] | data-sort-value="1963" | 1963-12-01 | | [[Mala]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1482 | [[Íomhá:Liam Ó Maonlaí 2007.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Liam Ó Maonlaí]] | data-sort-value="1964" | 1964-11-07 | | [[Baile na Manach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1483 | [[Íomhá:Richard Boyd Barrett 2024 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Richard Boyd Barrett]] | data-sort-value="1967" | 1967-02-06 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1484 | [[Íomhá:Robert Troy.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Robert Troy]] | data-sort-value="1982" | 1982-01-24 | | [[Baile na Carraige]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1485 | | [[Seán Kenny]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-10-01 | | [[Contae na Gaillimhe]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1486 | [[Íomhá:Shane Ross (official portrait).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Shane Ross]] | data-sort-value="1949" | 1949-07-11 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1487 | [[Íomhá:Eamon Dunphy 2013 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Eamonn Dunphy]] | data-sort-value="1945" | 1945-08-03 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1488 | [[Íomhá:Steve Collins.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Steve Collins]] | data-sort-value="1964" | 1964-07-21 | | [[an Chabrach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1489 | | [[Diarmuid Ó Murchú]] | data-sort-value="1975" | 1975-08-22 | | [[An Daingean|Daingean Uí Chúis]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1490 | [[Íomhá:Pat Doherty MP with Mary Doherty and Barry McGuigan at the London St Patrick's Day march. (16232423774).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Barry McGuigan]] | data-sort-value="1961" | 1961-02-28 | | [[Muineachán]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1491 | [[Íomhá:Terry Leyden.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Terry Leyden]] | data-sort-value="1945" | 1945-10-01 | | [[Contae Ros Comáin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1492 | [[Íomhá:John OFlynn.jpg|center|128px]] | [[John O'Flynn]] | data-sort-value="1982" | 1982-07-11 | | [[An Cóbh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1493 | [[Íomhá:Timmy Dooley.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Timmy Dooley]] | data-sort-value="1969" | 1969-02-13 | | [[Baile Uí Bheoláin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1494 | [[Íomhá:Roy O'Donovan 03-08-2013 1.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Roy O'Donovan]] | data-sort-value="1985" | 1985-08-10 | | [[Corcaigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1495 | [[Íomhá:Colin Healy.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Colin Healy]] | data-sort-value="1980" | 1980-03-14 | | [[Corcaigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1496 | [[Íomhá:Alex White TD 2014 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Alex White]] | data-sort-value="1958" | 1958-12-03 | | [[Marino]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1497 | [[Íomhá:Una Healy at BAFTAs 2026 02 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Una Healy]] | data-sort-value="1981" | 1981-10-10 | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éire]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1498 | [[Íomhá:Shane Lowry Ryder Cup 2025-194 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Shane Lowry]] | data-sort-value="1987" | 1987-04-02 | | [[Clóirtheach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1499 | [[Íomhá:Ian Gibson FLM2019-1.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Ian Gibson]] | data-sort-value="1939" | 1939-04-21 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1500 | | [[Aengus Mac Grianna]] | data-sort-value="1964" | 1964-07-09 | | [[Ráth Eanaigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1501 | [[Íomhá:Caitriona Balfe at the 2024 Toronto International Film Festival (crop).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Caitriona Balfe]] | data-sort-value="1979" | 1979-10-04 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1502 | [[Íomhá:Ciara grant.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Ciara Grant]] | data-sort-value="1978" | 1978-05-17 | | [[Port Láirge]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1503 | [[Íomhá:Clare Daly (48758765246) (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Clare Daly]] | data-sort-value="1968" | 1968-04-11 | | [[Droichead Nua]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1504 | [[Íomhá:Colm Cooper from Sean Marty Lockhart & Colm Cooper - 2009.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Colm Cúipéir]] | data-sort-value="1983" | 1983-06-03 | | [[Cill Airne]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1505 | [[Íomhá:Djcarey2012 cropped.jpg|center|128px]] | [[D. S. Ó Ciara]] | data-sort-value="1970" | 1970-11-11 | | [[Gabhrán]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1506 | | [[Dónal Ó Seancháin]] | data-sort-value="1977" | 1977-01-04 | | [[Lios Mór]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1507 | | [[Darragh Ó Sé]] | data-sort-value="1975" | 1975-04-01 | | [[Ceann Trá]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1508 | [[Íomhá:Declan-Kidney-09-05-23.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Declan Kidney]] | data-sort-value="1959" | 1959-10-20 | | [[Corcaigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1509 | [[Íomhá:Declan O'Sullivan.JPG|center|128px]] | [[Déaglán Ó Súilleabháin]] | data-sort-value="1983" | 1983-12-18 | | [[Trá Lí]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1510 | [[Íomhá:NC Courage vs Gotham FC (Mar 2024) 141 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Denise O'Sullivan]] | data-sort-value="1994" | 1994-02-04 | | [[Corcaigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1511 | | [[Éadbhard Ó Cathaoir]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-10-14 | | [[Inis Tíog]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1512 | [[Íomhá:Eric Elwood HK Sevens 1993.png|center|128px]] | [[Eric Elwood]] | data-sort-value="1969" | 1969-02-26 | | [[Gaillimh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1513 | [[Íomhá:Frances Black 2020.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Frances Black]] | data-sort-value="1960" | 1960-06-25 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1514 | [[Íomhá:Jimfitzpatricl.png|center|128px]] | [[Jim Fitzpatrick (ealaíontóir)|Jim Fitzpatrick]] | data-sort-value="1946" | 1946 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1515 | | [[James Nolan]] | data-sort-value="1977" | 1977-01-27 | | [[Contae Uíbh Fhailí]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1516 | [[Íomhá:Lucinda Creighton (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Lucinda Creighton]] | data-sort-value="1980" | 1980-01-20 | | [[Clár Chlainne Mhuiris]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1517 | | [[Marc Ó Sé]] | data-sort-value="1980" | 1980-04-21 | | [[Trá Lí]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1518 | [[Íomhá:Mary Davis 1.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Mary Davis]] | data-sort-value="1954" | 1954-08-06 | | [[Béal Átha na Muice]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1519 | | [[Mick O'Connell|Mícheál Ó Conaill]] | data-sort-value="1937" | 1937-01-04 | | [[Oileán Dairbhre]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1520 | | [[Mícheál Mac Síthigh]] | data-sort-value="1954" | 1954-07-28 | | [[Trá Lí]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1521 | [[Íomhá:An Titlíoch ria.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Alan Titley]] | data-sort-value="1947" | 1947-06-28 | | [[Corcaigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1522 | | [[Vincent Morley]] | | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1523 | [[Íomhá:Niamh Fahey 2014 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Niamh Fahey]] | data-sort-value="1987" | 1987-10-13 | | [[Gaillimh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1524 | | [[Nollaig Ó Sceacháin]] | data-sort-value="1945" | 1945-12-06 | | [[Droichead Binéid]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1525 | [[Íomhá:PatScullyManager.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Pat Scully]] | data-sort-value="1970" | 1970-06-23 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1526 | [[Íomhá:Pink Spillane.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Pádraig Ó Spealáin]] | data-sort-value="1955" | 1955-12-01 | | [[An Teampall Nua, Contae Chiarraí|An Teampall Nua]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1527 | | [[Paul Galvin]] | data-sort-value="1979" | 1979-11-02 | | [[Leic Snámha]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1528 | [[Íomhá:Ed Joyce 2007 cropped.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Ed Joyce]] | data-sort-value="1978" | 1978-09-22 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1529 | | [[Tomás Breatnach]] | data-sort-value="1983" | 1983-05-27<br/>1983 | | [[Tulach Ruáin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1530 | [[Íomhá:Vincent Browne.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Vincent Browne]] | data-sort-value="1944" | 1944-07-17 | | [[Béal an Átha, Contae Luimnigh|Béal an Átha]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1531 | [[Íomhá:David McWilliams.jpg|center|128px]] | [[David McWilliams]] | data-sort-value="1966" | 1966 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1532 | [[Íomhá:Willie Walsh (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Willie Walsh]] | data-sort-value="1961" | 1961-10-25 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1533 | [[Íomhá:Aine O'Gorman Republic of Ireland mix zone 2020-03-05 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Áine O'Gorman]] | data-sort-value="1989" | 1989-05-13 | | [[Cill Mhantáin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1534 | | [[Brian Shelley]] | data-sort-value="1981" | 1981-11-15 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1535 | | [[Dave Mooney]] | data-sort-value="1984" | 1984-10-30 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1536 | [[Íomhá:Eve Hewson (cropped).png|center|128px]] | [[Eve Hewson]] | data-sort-value="1991" | 1991-07-07 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1537 | | [[Colm Ó Maonlaí]] | data-sort-value="1966" | 1966-12-10 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1538 | [[Íomhá:Geraldine Kennedy, 2015 (cropped).png|center|128px]] | [[Geraldine Kennedy]] | data-sort-value="1951" | 1951-09-01 | | [[Trá Mhór]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1539 | [[Íomhá:TadhgMacD-0005.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Tadhg Mac Dhonnagáin]] | data-sort-value="1961" | 1961 | | [[Achadh Mór, Contae Mhaigh Eo|Achadh Mór]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1540 | [[Íomhá:Padraig Amond.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Pádraig Amond]] | data-sort-value="1988" | 1988-04-15 | | [[Ceatharlach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1541 | [[Íomhá:Kbrennan2.JPG|center|128px]] | [[Killian Brennan]] | data-sort-value="1984" | 1984-01-31 | | [[Droichead Átha]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1542 | | [[Martin Coleman]] | data-sort-value="1983" | 1983-02-15 | | [[Béal Átha an Cheasaigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1543 | [[Íomhá:Todd Carty.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Todd Carty]] | data-sort-value="1963" | 1963-08-31 | | [[Luimneach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1544 | [[Íomhá:John Perry, May 2014.jpg|center|128px]] | [[John Perry]] | data-sort-value="1956" | 1956-08-15 | | [[Baile an Mhóta (Sligeach)|Baile an Mhóta]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1545 | [[Íomhá:Michael Moynihan 2024 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Michael Moynihan (polaiteoir Corcaíoch)|Michael Moynihan]] | data-sort-value="1968" | 1968-01-12 | | [[Mala]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1546 | [[Íomhá:Seán Fleming.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Seán Fleming]] | data-sort-value="1958" | 1958-02-01 | | [[Contae Laoise]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1547 | [[Íomhá:Joe Costello 2013.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Joe Costello (polaiteoir Éireannach)|Seosamh Mac Coisdealbha]] | data-sort-value="1945" | 1945-07-13 | | [[An Ghaobhach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1548 | [[Íomhá:Thomas P. Broughan.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Tommy Broughan]] | data-sort-value="1947" | 1947-08-01 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1549 | [[Íomhá:Kathleen Lynch 2013.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Kathleen Lynch]] | data-sort-value="1953" | 1953-06-07 | | [[Contae Chorcaí]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1550 | [[Íomhá:Paul Kehoe TD.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Paul Kehoe]] | data-sort-value="1973" | 1973-01-11 | | [[Brí]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1551 | [[Íomhá:Michael Ring 2012 cropped.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Michael Ring]] | data-sort-value="1953" | 1953-12-24 | | [[Cathair na Mart]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1552 | [[Íomhá:Róisín Shortall 2020.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Róisín Shortall|Róisín Ní Shoirtéil]] | data-sort-value="1954" | 1954-04-25 | | [[Droim Conrach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1553 | [[Íomhá:Barry Andrews, July 2024 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Barry Andrews]] | data-sort-value="1967" | 1967-05-16 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1554 | | [[Billy Timmins]] | data-sort-value="1959" | 1959-10-01 | | [[Bealach Conglais]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1555 | [[Íomhá:Jack Wall, circa 2002 03.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Jack Wall]] | data-sort-value="1945" | 1945-07-01 | | [[Díseart Diarmada]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1556 | [[Íomhá:Fergus O'Dowd 2013.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Fergus O'Dowd]] | data-sort-value="1948" | 1948-09-01 | | [[Dúrlas Éile|Durlas]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1557 | [[Íomhá:John Deasy 2015.jpg|center|128px]] | [[John Deasy (Fine Gael)|John Deasy]] | data-sort-value="1967" | 1967-10-08 | | [[Dún Garbhán]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1558 | | [[Ivor Mac Alaigh]] | data-sort-value="1958" | 1958-05-06 | | [[Contae Bhaile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1559 | | [[Tom Hayes]] | data-sort-value="1952" | 1952-02-16 | | [[An Gabhailín]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1560 | [[Íomhá:Olivia Mitchell.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Olivia Mitchell]] | data-sort-value="1947" | 1947-07-31 | | [[Biorra]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1561 | [[Íomhá:David Stanton 2016.jpg|center|128px]] | [[David Stanton]] | data-sort-value="1957" | 1957-02-15 | | [[Mainistir na Corann]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1562 | [[Íomhá:Damien English 2015.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Damien English]] | data-sort-value="1978" | 1978-02-21 | | [[Droichead Átha]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1563 | [[Íomhá:ColmÓCíosóig.png|center|128px]] | [[Colm Ó Cíosóig]] | data-sort-value="1964" | 1964-10-31 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1564 | [[Íomhá:1720100109938 20240704 FLANAGAN Luke Ming IE 004.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Luke 'Ming' Flanagan]] | data-sort-value="1972" | 1972-01-22 | | [[Ros Comáin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1565 | [[Íomhá:Dónal Óg Cusack at Web Summit 2014 cropped.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Dónal Óg Ó Cíosóg]] | data-sort-value="1977" | 1977-03-16 | | [[Cluain, Contae Chorcaí|Cluain]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1566 | [[Íomhá:Tim Pat and Martin McGuinness (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Tim Pat Coogan|Tadhg Pádraig Ó Cuagáin]] | data-sort-value="1935" | 1935-04-22 | | [[Baile na Manach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1567 | | [[Lesley Roy]] | data-sort-value="1986" | 1986-09-17 | | [[Baile Brigín]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1568 | [[Íomhá:MK17449 Aisling Bea.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Aisling Bea]] | data-sort-value="1984" | 1984-03-16 | | [[Contae Chill Dara]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1569 | [[Íomhá:Simon Zebo 2017.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Simon Zebo]] | data-sort-value="1990" | 1990-03-16 | | [[Corcaigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1570 | | [[Fearghas Ó Ceallaigh|Fergus Kelly]] | data-sort-value="1944" | 1944-12-16 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1571 | [[Íomhá:David O'Leary and Ronan Finn.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Ronan Finn]] | data-sort-value="1987" | 1987-12-21 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1572 | | [[Aaron Mac Cuinneagáin]] | data-sort-value="1993" | 1993-04-04 | | [[Sionainn (baile)|Sionainn]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1573 | [[Íomhá:Adam Fergus at DarkLight Con 4 by People Conventions.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Adam Fergus]] | | | [[Droichead Átha]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1574 | [[Íomhá:Aengus Ó Snodaigh (2024) (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Aengus Ó Snodaigh]] | data-sort-value="1964" | 1964-07-31 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1575 | | [[Aodhán Ó Fógartaigh]] | data-sort-value="1982" | 1982-07-20 | | [[Áth na nUrlainn]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1576 | [[Íomhá:Aidan Harte (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Aodán Ó hAirt]] | data-sort-value="1988" | 1988-08-17 | | [[Gaillimh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1577 | | [[Aodán Ó Sé]] | data-sort-value="1990" | 1990-06-29 | | [[An Muileann gCearr]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1578 | [[Íomhá:Aidan O'Mahony & Eoin Bradley (cropped) - Aidan O'Mahony 2.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Aodhán Ó Mathúna]] | data-sort-value="1980" | 1980-06-08 | | [[Trá Lí]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1579 | [[Íomhá:Aidan Price.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Aidan Price]] | data-sort-value="1981" | 1981-12-08 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1580 | [[Íomhá:Senator Aideen Hayden (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Aideen Hayden]] | data-sort-value="1959" | 1959 | | [[Contae Cheatharlach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1581 | | [[Ailbhe Ní Ghearbhuigh]] | data-sort-value="1984" | 1984 | | [[Trá Lí]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1582 | [[Íomhá:Aine Lawlor.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Aine Lawlor]] | data-sort-value="1961" | 1961 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1583 | | [[Eileen MacDonagh]] | data-sort-value="1956" | 1956-07-20 | | [[An Ghaobhach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1584 | | [[Alan Ó Brógáin]] | data-sort-value="1982" | 1982-01-11 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1585 | [[Íomhá:Alan Dillon 2020.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Alan Dillon]] | data-sort-value="1984" | 1984 | | [[Caisleán an Bharraigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1586 | [[Íomhá:Alan Farrell 2014.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Alan Farrell]] | data-sort-value="1977" | 1977-12-29 | | [[Mullach Íde]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1587 | | [[Alan Mathews]] | data-sort-value="1965" | 1965-06-27 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1588 | [[Íomhá:Alan Nolan cropped.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Alan Ó Nualláin]] | data-sort-value="1985" | 1985-06-04 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1589 | | [[Alice Maher]] | data-sort-value="1956" | 1956 | | ''[[:d:Q4220554|Cill Mhaoileachair]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 1590 | [[Íomhá:AmandaByramJuly10.JPG|center|128px]] | [[Amanda Byram]] | data-sort-value="1973" | 1973-06-16 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1591 | | [[Ambrós Ó Donnabháin]] | data-sort-value="1962" | 1962-06-11 | | [[Gníomh go Leith]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1592 | [[Íomhá:Amy Huberman at Dublin Film Festival.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Amy Huberman]] | data-sort-value="1979" | 1979-03-20 | | [[Cábán tSíle]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1593 | [[Íomhá:Andrew Doyle, May 2015.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Andrew Doyle]] | data-sort-value="1960" | 1960-07-02 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1594 | [[Íomhá:Andy Moran.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Aindriu Ó Morain]] | data-sort-value="1983" | 1983-11-02 | | [[Caisleán an Bharraigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1595 | [[Íomhá:Ann Phelan 2013.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Ann Phelan]] | data-sort-value="1961" | 1961-09-16 | | [[Gráig na Manach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1596 | | [[Anna Geary]] | data-sort-value="1988" | 1988-07-28 | | [[Corcaigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1597 | | [[Annalise Murphy]] | data-sort-value="1990" | 1990-02-01 | | [[Baile Átha Troim]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1598 | | [[Anne Colley]] | data-sort-value="1951" | 1951-07 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1599 | | [[Anne Doyle]] | data-sort-value="1952" | 1952-01-30 | | [[Fearna]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1600 | | [[Anne Ferris]] | data-sort-value="1954" | 1954-09-24 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1601 | | [[Antóin Ó Dálaigh]] | data-sort-value="1969" | 1969-10-29 | | [[Droichead an Chláir]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1602 | [[Íomhá:Anthony Nash cropped.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Antóin de Nais]] | data-sort-value="1984" | 1984-10-12 | | [[Ceann Toirc]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1603 | [[Íomhá:Aodhán Ó Ríordáin.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Aodhán Ó Ríordáin]] | data-sort-value="1976" | 1976-07-22 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1604 | | [[Aodán Mac Gearailt]] | data-sort-value="1978" | 1978-10-29 | | [[Contae Chiarraí]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1605 | [[Íomhá:Aoibhinn Ni Shuilleabhain in Soroti.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Aoibhinn Ní Shúilleabháin]] | data-sort-value="1983" | 1983 | | ''[[:d:Q5043765|Ceathrú na Con]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 1606 | | [[Aoife Ní Thuairisg]] | | | [[Indreabhán]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1607 | | [[Arthur Spring]] | data-sort-value="1976" | 1976-07-05 | | [[Trá Lí]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1608 | | [[Daragh O'Malley]] | data-sort-value="1954" | 1954-05-25 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1609 | [[Íomhá:Averil Power 2.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Averil Power]] | data-sort-value="1978" | 1978-07-26 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1610 | | [[Barry Cogan]] | data-sort-value="1936" | 1936-09-27 | | [[Contae Chorcaí]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1611 | [[Íomhá:1718705058077 20240617 COWEN Barry IE 008.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Barry Cowen]] | data-sort-value="1967" | 1967-08-28 | | [[Clóirtheach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1612 | | [[Beircheart Ó Conchúir]] | data-sort-value="1979" | 1979-01-25 | | ''[[:d:Q7020800|Baile Nua Sheandroma]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 1613 | [[Íomhá:Bernard Brogan at Web Summit 2014b.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Bernard Brogan Jnr|Bernard Brogan]] | data-sort-value="1984" | 1984-04-03 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1614 | | [[Bernard Brogan Snr|Bernard Brogan]] | data-sort-value="1953" | 1953-09-24 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1615 | [[Íomhá:Bernard dunne.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Bernard Dunne]] | data-sort-value="1980" | 1980-02-06 | | [[Cluain Dolcáin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1616 | | [[Bernard O'Shea]] | data-sort-value="1978" | 1978 | | [[Darú, Contae Laoise|Darú]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1617 | | [[Liam Cúipéir]] | data-sort-value="1987" | 1987-12-16 | | [[Eochaill]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1618 | | [[Billy Woods]] | data-sort-value="1973" | 1973-10-24 | | [[Corcaigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1619 | | [[Bob Quinn]] | data-sort-value="1935" | 1935<br/>1939 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1620 | | [[Brenda Power]] | | | [[Cill Chainnigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1621 | | [[Breandán de Buigléir|Breandán Dé Buigléir]] | data-sort-value="1985" | 1985-07-22 | | [[An Geata Bán]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1622 | [[Íomhá:Brendan Maher (2014).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Brendan Maher]] | data-sort-value="1989" | 1989-01-05 | | [[Buiríos Ó Luigheach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1623 | [[Íomhá:Brendan O'Carroll as the Grand Marshal At The St. Patrick's Day Parade In Dublin (REF-102282).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Brendan O'Carroll]] | data-sort-value="1955" | 1955-09-15 | | [[Fionnghlas]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1624 | [[Íomhá:Brendan Ryan 2013.png|center|128px]] | [[Brendan Ryan]] | data-sort-value="1953" | 1953-02-05 | | [[Domhnach Bat]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1625 | | [[Brendan Shine]] | data-sort-value="1947" | 1947-06-02 | | [[Baile Átha Luain]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1626 | | [[Brendan Toal]] | data-sort-value="1940" | 1940-12-01 | | [[Contae Mhuineacháin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1627 | [[Íomhá:Minister Brian Hayes at Sneem River.JPG|center|128px]] | [[Brian Hayes]] | data-sort-value="1969" | 1969-08-23 | | [[Tamhlacht]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1628 | | [[Brian Ó Murchú]] | data-sort-value="1982" | 1982-07-21 | | ''[[:d:Q3930472|Ráth Chormaic]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 1629 | | [[Brian Ó hAlluráin]] | data-sort-value="1991" | 1991-05-17 | | [[Port Láirge]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1630 | [[Íomhá:Brian Stanley 2013.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Brian Stanley]] | data-sort-value="1961" | 1961-01-12 | | [[Buiríos Mór Osraí]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1631 | | [[Brian Whelehan|Brian Ó Faoileacháin]] | data-sort-value="1971" | 1971-08 | | [[Beannchar, Contae Uíbh Fhailí|Beannchar]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1632 | | [[Briege Corkery]] | data-sort-value="1986" | 1986-12-16 | | [[Corcaigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1633 | | [[Eva Rothschild]] | data-sort-value="1972" | 1972<br/>1971-02<br/>1971 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1634 | | [[Bryan Cullen]] | data-sort-value="1984" | 1984-04-07 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1635 | | [[Bryan Sheehan]] | data-sort-value="1985" | 1985-08-25 | | [[Trá Lí]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1636 | | [[Bríd Ní Neachtain]] | data-sort-value="1959" | 1959 | | [[Ros Muc]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1637 | | [[Mary Byrne]] | data-sort-value="1959" | 1959-11-03 | | [[Baile Formaid]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1638 | [[Íomhá:Caoimhghín Ó Caoláin speaking to press 2013 crop.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Caoimhghín Ó Caoláin]] | data-sort-value="1953" | 1953-09-18 | | [[Muineachán]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1639 | [[Íomhá:Cathal Mac Coille.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Cathal Mac Coille]] | data-sort-value="1952" | 1952 | | [[Cluain Dolcáin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1640 | | [[Cathal Mac an Oirchinnigh]] | data-sort-value="1991" | 1991 | | [[Inis (baile)|Inis]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1641 | [[Íomhá:Inauguration of Catherine Connolly, 11 November 2025 15 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Caitríona Ní Chonghaile|Catherine Connolly]] | data-sort-value="1955" | 1955-11-05 | | [[Gaillimh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1642 | [[Íomhá:Catherine Murphy politician frameless photo.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Catherine Murphy]] | data-sort-value="1953" | 1953-09-01 | | [[Baile Phámar]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1643 | [[Íomhá:Catherine Noone.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Catherine Noone]] | data-sort-value="1976" | 1976-06-24 | | [[Clár Chlainne Mhuiris]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1644 | | [[Cearbhall Óg Ó Dálaigh]] | | | ''[[:d:Q65559822|An Phailís]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 1645 | [[Íomhá:Chris Andrews 2018.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Chris Andrews (polaiteoir)|Chris Andrews]] | data-sort-value="1964" | 1964-05-25 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1646 | [[Íomhá:Christopher Joyce (hurler).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Criostóir Seoige]] | data-sort-value="1992" | 1992-01-04 | | [[Corcaigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1647 | | [[Cian Ó Diolún]] | data-sort-value="1988" | 1988-10-30 | | [[Inis (baile)|Inis]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1648 | | [[Cian Ó Súilleabháin]] | data-sort-value="1988" | 1988-03-27 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1649 | [[Íomhá:Ciara Conway 2014.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Ciara Conway]] | data-sort-value="1980" | 1980-08-13 | | [[Port Láirge]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1650 | | [[Ciarán Mac Giolla Chainnigh]] | data-sort-value="1993" | 1993-07-06 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1651 | [[Íomhá:Ciarán Lynch 2014.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Ciarán Lynch]] | data-sort-value="1964" | 1964-06-13 | | [[Corcaigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1652 | | [[Ciarán Murphy]] | data-sort-value="1940" | 1940-05-30 | | [[Contae Chill Mhantáin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1653 | | [[Ciarán Ó Faoláin]] | data-sort-value="1976" | 1976-02-28 | | [[Ráth Eanaigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1654 | [[Íomhá:Cillian Buckley cropped.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Cillian Ó Buachalla]] | data-sort-value="1992" | 1992-07-14 | | [[Cill Chainnigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1655 | | [[Cillian O'Connor]] | data-sort-value="1992" | 1992-05 | | [[Baile an Tobair, Contae Mhaigh Eo (Ceara)|Baile an Tobair]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1656 | | [[Colette Nic Aodha]] | data-sort-value="1967" | 1967 | | [[Sruthair]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1657 | | [[Cóilín Ó Fionnalaigh]] | data-sort-value="1989" | 1989-08-25 | | [[Baile Héil]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1658 | | [[Colin Moran]] | data-sort-value="1980" | 1980-06-06 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1659 | | [[Cóilín Ó Riain]] | data-sort-value="1988" | 1988-09-02 | | [[Cora Chaitlín]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1660 | [[Íomhá:Colm Callanan cropped.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Colm Ó Callanáin]] | data-sort-value="1982" | 1982-07-18 | | [[Gaillimh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1661 | | [[Colm Ó Gealbháin]] | data-sort-value="1993" | 1993-02-02 | | [[Cluain Lára]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1662 | | [[Colm Keaveney]] | data-sort-value="1971" | 1971-01-11 | | [[Contae na Gaillimhe]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1663 | [[Íomhá:Conal Keaney (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Conal Keaney|Conal Ó Cianaigh]] | data-sort-value="1982" | 1982-09-24 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1664 | | [[Conor Allis]] | data-sort-value="1990" | 1990-03-08 | | [[Luimneach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1665 | [[Íomhá:Conor Cooney.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Conchúr Ó Cuana]] | data-sort-value="1992" | 1992-10-22 | | [[Béal Átha na Sluaighe]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1666 | | [[Conchúir Ó Fogartaigh]] | data-sort-value="1990" | 1990-05-12 | | [[Caisleán an Chomair]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1667 | | [[Conchur Ó Liatháin]] | data-sort-value="1992" | 1992-07-30 | | [[Mainistir na Corann]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1668 | | [[Conchúir Mac Craith]] | data-sort-value="1991" | 1991-05-29 | | [[Inis (baile)|Inis]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1669 | [[Íomhá:Conor McGregor, UFC 189 World Tour London (2).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Conor McGregor|Conchúr Mac Gréagóir]] | data-sort-value="1988" | 1988-07-14 | | [[Cromghlinn, BÁC|Cromghlinn]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1670 | | [[Conchur Ó Súilleabháin]] | data-sort-value="1989" | 1989-03-08 | | [[Gleann Maghair]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1671 | | [[Cornelius Connolly]] | | | [[Contae Chorcaí]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1672 | | [[Cáit Keane]] | data-sort-value="1949" | 1949-09-24 | | [[Gaillimh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1673 | [[Íomhá:Damien Dempsey.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Damien Dempsey]] | data-sort-value="1975" | 1975 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1674 | [[Íomhá:Damien Hayes cropped.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Damien Hayes]] | data-sort-value="1982" | 1982-02-18 | | [[Béal Átha na Sluaighe]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1675 | | [[Daniel Bohane]] | data-sort-value="1983" | 1983 | | [[Trá Lí]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1676 | | [[Dónall Ó Cearnaigh]] | data-sort-value="1989" | 1989-12-19 | | [[Gleann Maghair]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1677 | | [[Danny Sutcliffe]] | data-sort-value="1992" | 1992-02-24 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1678 | [[Íomhá:Dara Murphy 2015.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Dara Murphy]] | data-sort-value="1969" | 1969-12-02 | | [[Gleann Maghair]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1679 | | [[Dara Ó Conaola]] | data-sort-value="1945" | 1945 | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éire]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1680 | [[Íomhá:Ocinneide cropped.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Dara Ó Cinnéide]] | data-sort-value="1975" | 1975-04-25 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1681 | | [[Darach Ó hEoghanáin]] | data-sort-value="1990" | 1990-03-21 | | [[Cluain Lára]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1682 | | [[Darach Mac Con Iomaire]] | data-sort-value="1977" | 1977 | | [[An Charraig Dhubh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1683 | [[Íomhá:Darach Ó Scolaí.JPG|center|128px]] | [[Darach Ó Scolaí]] | data-sort-value="1963" | 1963 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1684 | [[Íomhá:Darina Allen, Ballymaloe Cookery (42147510135) (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Darina Allen]] | data-sort-value="1948" | 1948-06-13 | | [[An Chúlchoill]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1685 | | [[Darragh Ó Cuaig|daragh fives]] | data-sort-value="1992" | 1992-03-26 | | [[Port Láirge]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1686 | | [[Darren Magee]] | | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1687 | [[Íomhá:Dave Fanning 2015 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Dave Fanning]] | data-sort-value="1956" | 1956-02-27<br/>1955 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1688 | [[Íomhá:David Burke (Hurler) cropped.jpg|center|128px]] | [[David Burke]] | data-sort-value="1990" | 1990-01-07 | | [[Béal Átha na Sluaighe]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1689 | [[Íomhá:David Cullinane TD (40211918003) (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[David Cullinane]] | data-sort-value="1974" | 1974-07-04 | | [[Port Láirge]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1690 | | [[Daithí Mac Éinrí]] | | | [[Ráth Eanaigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1691 | | [[David Moran]] | data-sort-value="1988" | 1988-06-29 | | [[Trá Lí]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1692 | | [[Daithí Ó Treasaigh]] | data-sort-value="1989" | 1989-11-21 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1693 | | [[Declan O'Mahony]] | | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1694 | [[Íomhá:Denis Bastick during the 2013 NFL Final (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Donnacha Bastic]] | data-sort-value="1981" | 1981-05-08 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1695 | [[Íomhá:Denis Behan Writing.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Denis Behan]] | data-sort-value="1984" | 1984-01-02 | | [[Trá Lí]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1696 | [[Íomhá:Denis Landy.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Denis Landy]] | data-sort-value="1962" | 1962-02-28 | | [[Carraig na Siúire]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1697 | [[Íomhá:Denis 'Ogie' Moran. Sea Lodge Hotel. Waterville.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Donncha Ó Moráin]] | data-sort-value="1956" | 1956-01-16 | | [[Baile an Bhuinneánaigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1698 | | [[Derek Ó Loinn]] | data-sort-value="1978" | 1978-07-04 | | [[Áth na nUrlainn]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1699 | | [[Derek Mooney]] | data-sort-value="1967" | 1967-03-04 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1700 | | [[Derek Murray]] | | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1701 | [[Íomhá:Derek Nolan Election Photo.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Derek Nolan]] | data-sort-value="1982" | 1982 | | [[Gaillimh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1702 | | [[Dermot Somers]] | data-sort-value="1947" | 1947 | | [[Contae Ros Comáin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1703 | | [[Des Cahill]] | data-sort-value="1953" | 1953-05-01 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1704 | | [[Dessie Farrell]] | | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1705 | [[Íomhá:Cllr Ellis Mansion House, Dublin.JPG|center|128px]] | [[Dessie Ellis]] | data-sort-value="1953" | 1953-09-23 | | [[Baile Munna]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1706 | | [[Seán Óg de Paor]] | data-sort-value="1970" | 1970-12-24 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1707 | [[Íomhá:Diane Caldwell 20200223 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Diane Caldwell]] | data-sort-value="1988" | 1988-09-11 | | [[Baile Brigín]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1708 | | [[Diarmuid O'Carroll]] | data-sort-value="1987" | 1987-03-16 | | [[Cill Airne]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1709 | [[Íomhá:Diarmuid O'Sullivan cropped.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Diarmuid Ó Súilleabháin (iománaí)|Diarmuid Ó Súilleabháin]] | data-sort-value="1978" | 1978-07-27 | | [[Cluain, Contae Chorcaí|Cluain]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1710 | [[Íomhá:Willie Penrose 2005 cropped.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Willie Penrose|Liam Penrose]] | data-sort-value="1956" | 1956-08-01 | | [[Baile na Carraige]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1711 | | [[Donal Ó Grádaigh]] | data-sort-value="1981" | 1981-07 | | [[Luimneach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1712 | | [[Domhnall Ó Tuathaigh]] | data-sort-value="1989" | 1989-09-20 | | [[Inis (baile)|Inis]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1713 | [[Íomhá:Donnchadh-walsh.png|center|128px]] | [[Donnacha Walsh]] | data-sort-value="1984" | 1984-07-03 | | [[Trá Lí]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1714 | [[Íomhá:Dorothy Cross, March 2025 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Dorothy Cross]] | data-sort-value="1956" | 1956 | | [[Corcaigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1715 | | [[Dáithí Ó Sé]] | data-sort-value="1976" | 1976-06-02 | | [[An Daingean|Daingean Uí Chúis]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1716 | | [[Dónall Mac Giolla Easpaig]] | data-sort-value="1948" | 1948-04-23 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1717 | [[Íomhá:Eamon Scanlon (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Eamon Scanlon]] | data-sort-value="1954" | 1954-09-20 | | [[Baile an Mhóta (Sligeach)|Baile an Mhóta]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1718 | | [[Eimear Ní Chonaola]] | data-sort-value="1977" | 1977 | | [[An Spidéal]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1719 | [[Íomhá:Irish Actress Emma Eliza Regan- 2014-04-10 01-42 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Emma Eliza Regan]] | data-sort-value="1990" | 1990-12-04 | | [[Maigh Cuilinn]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1720 | [[Íomhá:Eoghan Murphy 2014.png|center|128px]] | [[Eoghan Murphy]] | data-sort-value="1982" | 1982-04-23 | | [[Dumhach Thrá]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1721 | | [[Eoghan Mac Diarmada]] | data-sort-value="1983" | 1983-04-15 | | [[Luimneach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1722 | | [[Eoghan Ó Gadhra]] | data-sort-value="1985" | 1985-09-24 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1723 | | [[Eoin Ó Ceadagáin]] | data-sort-value="1986" | 1986-09-01 | | [[Corcaigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1724 | [[Íomhá:Eoin Brosnan. Kerry Footballer and Solicitor..JPG|center|128px]] | [[Eoin Brosnan]] | | | [[Cill Airne]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1725 | [[Íomhá:Pte Eoin Larkin Kilkenny Hurler (4951370639).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Eoin Ó Lorcáin]] | data-sort-value="1984" | 1984-07-17 | | [[Cill Chainnigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1726 | [[Íomhá:Eoin Liston. Sea Lodge Hotel. Waterville.JPG|center|128px]] | [[Eoin Liostún]] | data-sort-value="1957" | 1957-10-16 | | [[Baile an Bhuinneánaigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1727 | [[Íomhá:Eoin Ó Broin 2016 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Eoin Ó Broin]] | data-sort-value="1972" | 1972-09-11 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1728 | [[Íomhá:Eric Byrne 2010 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Eric Byrne]] | data-sort-value="1947" | 1947-04-21 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1729 | [[Íomhá:Pixie McKenna at the BAFTA's (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Pixie McKenna]] | data-sort-value="1971" | 1971-01-20 | | [[Corcaigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1730 | | [[Evelyn O'Rourke]] | | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1731 | | [[Fiach Mac Conghail]] | data-sort-value="1964" | 1964-08-04 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1732 | | [[Fiachra Breathnach]] | data-sort-value="1986" | 1986-11-21 | | [[Gaillimh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1733 | [[Íomhá:Finian Hanley cropped.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Finian Hanley]] | data-sort-value="1985" | 1985-01-04 | | [[Gaillimh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1734 | [[Íomhá:Finian McGrath politician.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Finian McGrath]] | data-sort-value="1953" | 1953-04-09 | | [[Tuaim]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1735 | [[Íomhá:Fintan O'Toole, 2010.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Fintan O'Toole]] | data-sort-value="1958" | 1958-02-18 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1736 | | [[Fiona Glascott]] | data-sort-value="1982" | 1982-11-22 | | [[Port Láirge]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1737 | | [[Francis Brennan]] | data-sort-value="1953" | 1953-09-24 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1738 | | [[Frank Clarke (breitheamh)|Frank Clarke]] | data-sort-value="1951" | 1951-10-10 | | [[Baile Bhailcín]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1739 | | [[Garraí Mag Uidhir]] | data-sort-value="1983" | 1983-06-26 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1740 | | [[Gabhán Ó Mathúna]] | data-sort-value="1987" | 1987-06-11 | | [[Luimneach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1741 | [[Íomhá:George Lee at count.jpg|center|128px]] | [[George Lee (iriseoir)|George Lee]] | data-sort-value="1962" | 1962-09-27 | | [[Teach Mealóg]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1742 | | [[Gerard Brennan]] | | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1743 | | [[Gearóid de Paor]] | data-sort-value="1952" | 1952-06-27 | | [[Áth an Choite]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1744 | [[Íomhá:Ged Nash.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Gerald Nash]] | data-sort-value="1975" | 1975-12-07 | | [[Droichead Átha]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1745 | | [[Gerry Brady]] | data-sort-value="1948" | 1948 | | [[Contae Chill Dara]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1746 | | [[Gerry Hutch]] | data-sort-value="1963" | 1963 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1747 | [[Íomhá:Glenda Gilson at adiff 2016.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Glenda Gilson]] | data-sort-value="1981" | 1981-03-03 | | [[Caisleán Cnucha]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1748 | [[Íomhá:Graham Canty.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Graham Ó Cáinte]] | data-sort-value="1980" | 1980-07-23 | | [[Beanntraí]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1749 | | [[Graham Mag Oireachtaigh]] | data-sort-value="1973" | 1973-05-17 | | [[Droichead Átha]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1750 | [[Íomhá:Heather Humphreys 2016.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Heather Humphreys]] | data-sort-value="1960" | 1960-05-14 | | ''[[:d:Q31173147|An Droim]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 1751 | [[Íomhá:Hildegarde Naughton.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Hildegarde Naughton]] | data-sort-value="1977" | 1977-05-01 | | [[Órán Mór]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1752 | | [[Ian Dempsey]] | data-sort-value="1961" | 1961-01-16 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1753 | [[Íomhá:Ivana Bacik 2024 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Ivana Bacik]] | data-sort-value="1968" | 1968-05-25 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1754 | | [[J. J. Ó Dúláinne]] | data-sort-value="1982" | 1982-03-06 | | [[Baile Sheáin, Contae Chill Chainnigh|Baile Sheáin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1755 | | [[Jack O'Shea|Seán Ó Sé]] | data-sort-value="1957" | 1957-11-19 | | [[Cathair Saidhbhín]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1756 | [[Íomhá:Jackie Tyrrell (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Seán Tirial]] | data-sort-value="1982" | 1982-06-19 | | [[Cill Chainnigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1757 | [[Íomhá:Jacqui Hurley.png|center|128px]] | [[Jacqui Hurley]] | data-sort-value="1984" | 1984-01-15 | | [[Contae Chorcaí]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1758 | | [[James Bannon]] | data-sort-value="1958" | 1958-03-06 | | [[Contae an Longfoirt]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1759 | [[Íomhá:James heffernan.png|center|128px]] | [[James Heffernan]] | data-sort-value="1979" | 1979-10-03 | | [[Luimneach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1760 | [[Íomhá:James McCarthy during the 2013 NFL Final.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Séamus Mac Cártaigh]] | data-sort-value="1990" | 1990-03-01 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1761 | [[Íomhá:McGee WMQ14 (6) (14583901776).jpg|center|128px]] | [[James McGee]] | data-sort-value="1987" | 1987-06-10 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1762 | | [[Séamas Mac Fhearaigh]] | data-sort-value="1971" | 1971-11-26 | | [[Droichead Binéid]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1763 | [[Íomhá:James Skehill (2013).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Séamus Ó Sceacháil]] | data-sort-value="1988" | 1988-02-22 | | [[Béal Átha na Sluaighe]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1764 | [[Íomhá:Jason Byrne - SYTYF.JPG|center|128px]] | [[Jason Byrne (fear grinn)|Jason Byrne]] | data-sort-value="1972" | 1972-02-27 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1765 | | [[Iasan Scorlóg]] | data-sort-value="1976" | 1976-01-10 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1766 | | [[Jennifer Zamparelli|Jennifer Maguire]] | data-sort-value="1980" | 1980-04-09 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1767 | [[Íomhá:Jerry Buttimer 2014.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Jerry Buttimer]] | data-sort-value="1967" | 1967-03-18 | | [[Baile an Easpaig]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1768 | [[Íomhá:Jessie Buckley at the Toronto International Film Festival 01 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Jessie Buckley]] | data-sort-value="1989" | 1989-12-28 | | [[Cill Airne]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1769 | [[Íomhá:Jillian van Turnhout.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Jillian van Turnhout]] | data-sort-value="1968" | 1968-03-29 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1770 | | [[Jim D'Arcy]] | data-sort-value="1954" | 1954-07-20 | | [[Droichead Átha]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1771 | [[Íomhá:Jim Daly politician.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Jim Daly]] | data-sort-value="1972" | 1972-12-20 | | [[Draighneach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1772 | | [[Jim Gavin]] | data-sort-value="1971" | 1971-07-01 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1773 | | [[Séamus de Barra-Ó Murchú]] | data-sort-value="1954" | 1954-08-22 | | [[Corcaigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1774 | | [[Séamus Ó Géibheannaigh|Jimmy Keaveney]] | data-sort-value="1945" | 1945-02-12 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1775 | [[Íomhá:Joan Collins TD 2011.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Joan Collins (polaiteoir)|Joan Collins]] | data-sort-value="1961" | 1961-06-04 | | [[Droimeanach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1776 | | [[Joe Behan]] | data-sort-value="1959" | 1959-07-30 | | [[Bré]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1777 | [[Íomhá:Joe Bergin (Gaelic footballer, 2015).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Joe Bergin]] | data-sort-value="1981" | 1981-02-17 | | [[Gaillimh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1778 | [[Íomhá:Joe Canning (2013).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Seosamh Ó Cainín]] | data-sort-value="1988" | 1988-10-11 | | [[Port Omna]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1779 | [[Íomhá:Joe Carey 2014.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Joe Carey]] | data-sort-value="1975" | 1975-06-24 | | [[Droichead an Chláir]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1780 | | [[Seosamh Ó Déin]] | data-sort-value="1977" | 1977-11-15 | | [[Cill Ia]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1781 | [[Íomhá:Joe Duffy.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Joe Duffy]] | data-sort-value="1956" | 1956-01-27 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1782 | [[Íomhá:Joe Gamble Writing.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Joe Gamble]] | data-sort-value="1982" | 1982-01-14 | | [[Corcaigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1783 | [[Íomhá:Joe O'Reilly Irish Cavan politician head.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Joe O'Reilly]] | data-sort-value="1955" | 1955-04-01 | | [[Muinchille]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1784 | | [[John Bowman (craoltóir)]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1785 | | [[Seán Ó Conalláin]] | data-sort-value="1989" | 1989-01-23 | | [[Luimneach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1786 | [[Íomhá:John Curran politician.jpg|center|128px]] | [[John Curran]] | data-sort-value="1960" | 1960-06-17 | | [[Leamhcán]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1787 | | [[John Delaney]] | data-sort-value="1967" | 1967-10-16 | | [[Port Láirge]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1788 | | [[John Donnellan]] | data-sort-value="1937" | 1937-03-27 | | [[Dún Mór, Contae na Gaillimhe|Dún Mór]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1789 | [[Íomhá:John Gilroy.png|center|128px]] | [[John Gilroy]] | data-sort-value="1967" | 1967-07-20 | | [[Baile Átha Buí]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1790 | [[Íomhá:John Halligan 2011.jpg|center|128px]] | [[John Halligan]] | data-sort-value="1955" | 1955-01-18 | | [[Port Láirge]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1791 | [[Íomhá:John McGuinness 2006.jpg|center|128px]] | [[John J. McGuinness]] | data-sort-value="1955" | 1955-03-15 | | [[Cill Chainnigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1792 | | [[John Leonard]] | data-sort-value="1976" | 1976-10-20 | | [[Mullach Íde]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1793 | | [[John Mac Menamin (breitheamh)|John Mac Menamin]] | data-sort-value="1952" | 1952-11-14 | | [[Raghnallach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1794 | | [[Seán Mac Gafraidh (iománaí)|Seán Mac Gafraidh]] | data-sort-value="1987" | 1987-09-11 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1795 | | [[John McCoy]] | data-sort-value="1940" | 1940-07-01 | | [[Contae Luimnigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1796 | | [[Seán Ó Maoláin]] | data-sort-value="1981" | 1981-01-28 | | [[Port Láirge]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1797 | [[Íomhá:John Murray broadcaster crop.jpg|center|128px]] | [[John Murray (craoltóir Éireannach)]] | data-sort-value="1964" | 1964 | | [[Tamhlacht]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1798 | | [[Seán Ó Caoimh]] | data-sort-value="1951" | 1951-04-15 | | [[Trá Lí]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1799 | [[Íomhá:John Paul Phelan 2014.jpg|center|128px]] | [[John Paul Phelan]] | data-sort-value="1978" | 1978-09-27 | | [[Port Láirge]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1800 | | [[Seán Tennyson]] | data-sort-value="1985" | 1985-02-06 | | [[Contae Chill Chainnigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1801 | | [[John Whelan]] | data-sort-value="1961" | 1961-03-24 | | [[Port Laoise]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1802 | [[Íomhá:Jonathan Glynn (2013).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Seán Mac Gloinn]] | data-sort-value="1993" | 1993-06-07 | | [[Gaillimh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1803 | [[Íomhá:Jonathan O'Brien 2014.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Jonathan O'Brien]] | data-sort-value="1971" | 1971-12-28 | | [[Corcaigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1804 | [[Íomhá:Justin Barrett, 2017 Ard Fheis (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Justin Barrett]] | data-sort-value="1971" | 1971-04-13 | | [[Contae Thiobraid Árann]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1805 | [[Íomhá:Kathryn Reilly (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Kathryn Reilly]] | data-sort-value="1988" | 1988-09-17 | | [[Baile Shéamais Dhuibh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1806 | [[Íomhá:Kathryn Thomas at RTÉ's winter season launch (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Kathryn Thomas]] | data-sort-value="1979" | 1979-01-20 | | [[Ceatharlach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1807 | [[Íomhá:Katie Holten 2013 Sensing Change from video.png|center|128px]] | [[Katie Holten]] | data-sort-value="1975" | 1975-09-22 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1808 | | [[Caoimhín Ó Cáinte]] | data-sort-value="1986" | 1986 | | [[Inis Eonáin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1809 | | [[Caoimhín Ó Dubháin]] | data-sort-value="1991" | 1991-10 | | ''[[:d:Q5167663|Cuanach]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 1810 | | [[Kevin Hartnett]] | data-sort-value="1984" | 1984-06-04 | | [[An Seangharraí]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1811 | | [[Caoimhín Mac Meanman]] | data-sort-value="1986" | 1986-12-09 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1812 | | [[Caoimhín Ó Móráin]] | data-sort-value="1987" | 1987-03-03 | | [[Port Láirge]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1813 | [[Íomhá:Kieran O'Donnell (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Kieran O'Donnell]] | data-sort-value="1963" | 1963-05-08 | | [[Luimneach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1814 | | [[Kieran O'Leary]] | data-sort-value="1987" | 1987-07-28 | | [[Trá Lí]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1815 | | [[Killian Young]] | data-sort-value="1987" | 1987-01-04 | | [[An Rinn Aird]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1816 | [[Íomhá:Jaguar XE - Arrival in London (15185880955) (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Laura Whitmore]] | data-sort-value="1985" | 1985-05-04 | | [[Bré]]<br/>[[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1817 | | [[Lee Keegan]] | data-sort-value="1989" | 1989-10-25 | | [[Caisleán an Bharraigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1818 | [[Íomhá:Leona Maguire 2011 EK Amateur Noordwijk.JPG|center|128px]] | [[Leona Maguire]] | data-sort-value="1994" | 1994-11-30 | | [[An Cabhán]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1819 | | [[Liam Ó Fionnalaigh]] | data-sort-value="1958" | 1958-01-01 | | [[Baile an Phoill]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1820 | [[Íomhá:Liam Kearney.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Liam Kearney]] | data-sort-value="1983" | 1983-01-10 | | [[Conaithe]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1821 | | [[William M. McKechnie (breitheamh)|William M. McKechnie]] | data-sort-value="1951" | 1951-04-16 | | [[Cionn tSáile]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1822 | [[Íomhá:Linda Bhreathnach.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Linda Bhreathnach]] | data-sort-value="1983" | 1983 | | [[Ros Muc]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1823 | | [[Lorcan Allen]] | data-sort-value="1940" | 1940-03-27 | | [[Contae na Gaillimhe]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1824 | [[Íomhá:Louise Quinn Eskilstuna.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Louise Quinn]] | data-sort-value="1990" | 1990-06-17 | | [[Baile Coimín]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1825 | | [[Lucy Kennedy]] | data-sort-value="1976" | 1976-04-21 | | [[Cuas an Ghainimh]]<br/>[[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1826 | | [[M. J. Nolan|M.J. Ó Nualláin]] | data-sort-value="1951" | 1951-01-25 | | [[Muine Bheag]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1827 | | [[Macdara Ó Fátharta]] | | | [[Inis Meáin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1828 | [[Íomhá:Maeve Higgins.jpeg|center|128px]] | [[Maeve Higgins]] | data-sort-value="1981" | 1981-03-24 | | [[An Cóbh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1829 | | [[Majella O'Donnell]] | data-sort-value="1960" | 1960-04-14 | | [[Dúrlas Éile|Durlas]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1830 | [[Íomhá:Marie-Louise O'Donnell.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Marie-Louise O'Donnell]] | data-sort-value="1952" | 1952-09-05 | | [[Béal Easa]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1831 | | [[Marie Moloney]] | data-sort-value="1958" | 1958-08-26 | | [[Contae Chiarraí]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1832 | | [[Marie Mullen]] | data-sort-value="1953" | 1953 | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éire]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1833 | | [[Marita Conlon-McKenna]] | data-sort-value="1956" | 1956 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1834 | | [[Mark Vaughan]] | data-sort-value="1985" | 1985-10-11 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1835 | [[Íomhá:Martin Conway 2025 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Martin Conway]] | data-sort-value="1974" | 1974-04-08 | | [[Inis Díomáin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1836 | [[Íomhá:Martin Ferris TD (6133609624).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Martin Ferris]] | data-sort-value="1952" | 1952-02-10 | | [[Trá Lí]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1837 | | [[Martin Gibbons]] | data-sort-value="1953" | 1953-03-01 | | [[Cill Chainnigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1838 | [[Íomhá:Martin Heydon 2017.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Martin Heydon]] | data-sort-value="1978" | 1978-08-09 | | [[Cill Chuillinn]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1839 | | [[Máirtín Ó Stoirín]] | data-sort-value="1964" | 1964-09-28 | | [[An Bealach, Contae Loch Garman|An Bealach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1840 | [[Íomhá:Marty Morrissey perched upon a stool.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Marty Morrissey]] | data-sort-value="1958" | 1958-10-28 | | [[Mala]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1841 | [[Íomhá:Mary Ann O'Brien, 2011.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Mary Ann O'Brien]] | data-sort-value="1960" | 1960-09-08 | | [[Contae Phort Láirge]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1842 | | [[Mary Laffoy (breitheamh)|Mary Laffoy]] | data-sort-value="1945" | 1945-06-17 | | [[Tuaim]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1843 | [[Íomhá:Mary Mitchell O'Connor 2011.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Mary Mitchell O'Connor|Máire Mistéil Ní Chonchubhair]] | data-sort-value="1959" | 1959-06-10 | | [[Baile an Mhuilinn, Contae na Gaillimhe|Baile an Mhuilinn]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1844 | | [[Mary Moran]] | data-sort-value="1960" | 1960-06-28 | | [[Droichead Átha]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1845 | | [[Mary Wilson (craoltóir)]] | | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1846 | [[Íomhá:Matt Connor of Offaly — one of the greatest footballers of all time.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Maitiú Ó Conchubhair]] | data-sort-value="1960" | 1960 | | [[Inis na mBreatnach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1847 | [[Íomhá:Mattie McGrath.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Mattie McGrath]] | data-sort-value="1958" | 1958-09-01 | | ''[[:d:Q7017303|An Caisleán Nua]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 1848 | | [[Maura Derrane]] | data-sort-value="1970" | 1970-07-08 | | [[Inis Mór, Árainn|Inis Mór]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1849 | [[Íomhá:Maurice Fitzgerald, Semple Stadium Wall of Fame.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Muiris Mac Gearailt]] | data-sort-value="1969" | 1969 | | [[Cathair Saidhbhín]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1850 | [[Íomhá:Maurice Quinlivan 2015.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Maurice Quinlivan]] | data-sort-value="1967" | 1967-11-23 | | [[Baile Uí Neachtain Beag]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1851 | | [[Muiris Ó Seanacháin]] | data-sort-value="1990" | 1990-02-01 | | [[Port Láirge]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1852 | [[Íomhá:Fight Like Apes - MayKay.jpg|center|128px]] | [[MayKay]] | data-sort-value="1986" | 1986 | | [[Cill Dara]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1853 | [[Íomhá:Megan Campbell (21384714842).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Megan Campbell]] | data-sort-value="1993" | 1993-06-28 | | [[Droichead Átha]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1854 | | [[Michael Comiskey]] | data-sort-value="1953" | 1953-10-01 | | [[Cluainín]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1855 | [[Íomhá:Michael Creed in 2024 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Michael Creed]] | data-sort-value="1963" | 1963-06-29 | | [[Contae Chorcaí]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1856 | [[Íomhá:Michael Darragh MacAuley.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Michael Darragh MacAuley]] | data-sort-value="1986" | 1986-08 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1857 | [[Íomhá:Mick Devine.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Michael Devine]] | data-sort-value="1973" | 1973-03-19 | | [[An Cóbh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1858 | | [[Micheál Ó Fionnalaigh]] | data-sort-value="1985" | 1985-02-28 | | [[Baile Héil]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1859 | | [[Micheál Mac Síomóin]] | data-sort-value="1989" | 1989-04-09 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1860 | [[Íomhá:Michael Healy-Rae 2024 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Michael Healy-Rae]] | data-sort-value="1967" | 1967-01-11 | | [[Cill Gharbháin, Contae Chiarraí|Cill Gharbháin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1861 | | [[Michael Hennessy]] | | | [[Contae Chorcaí]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1862 | | [[Mícheál Caomhánach]] | data-sort-value="1979" | 1979-04-06 | | [[Achadh Úr]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1863 | | [[Michael McCarthy]] | data-sort-value="1976" | 1976-11-15 | | [[Dún Mánmhaí]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1864 | | [[Michael McGlynn]] | data-sort-value="1964" | 1964-05-11 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1865 | [[Íomhá:Michael McGrath 2014 (headshot).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Michael McGrath (Corcaigh Theas-Láir)|Michael McGrath]] | data-sort-value="1976" | 1976-08-23 | | [[Corcaigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1866 | [[Íomhá:1718895518772 20240620 MCNAMARA Michael IE 004.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Michael McNamara]] | data-sort-value="1974" | 1974-03-01 | | [[An Scairbh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1867 | | [[Michael Meehan]] | data-sort-value="1984" | 1984 | | [[Béal Átha na Sluaighe]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1868 | | [[Michael Mullins]] | data-sort-value="1953" | 1953-02-22 | | [[Gaillimh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1869 | [[Íomhá:Michael D'Arcy 2014.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Michael W. D'Arcy]] | data-sort-value="1970" | 1970-02-26 | | [[Guaire]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1870 | | [[Mícheál Breathnach (Port Láirge)|Mícheál Breathnach]] | data-sort-value="1983" | 1983-04-23 | | [[Port Láirge]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1871 | | [[Michelle Mulherin]] | data-sort-value="1972" | 1972-01-20 | | [[Béal an Átha]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1872 | [[Íomhá:Michelle O'Neill, Feb 2024 02 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Michelle O'Neill]] | data-sort-value="1977" | 1977-01-10 | | [[Mainistir Fhear Maí]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1873 | [[Íomhá:Member of the European Parliament Michael Wallace.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Mick Wallace]] | data-sort-value="1955" | 1955-11-09 | | [[Loch Garman]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1874 | | [[Mickey Kearns]] | data-sort-value="1943" | 1943-04-18 | | [[Sligeach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1875 | | [[Mike Denver]] | data-sort-value="1980" | 1980-06-15 | | [[Port Omna]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1876 | | [[Mike Frank Russell]] | data-sort-value="1977" | 1977 | | [[Cill Orglan]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1877 | [[Íomhá:Miriam O'Callaghan in chat with Ryan Tubridy.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Miriam O'Callaghan]] | data-sort-value="1960" | 1960-01-06 | | [[Carraig an tSionnaigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1878 | [[Íomhá:Niall Burke cropped.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Níall de Búrca]] | data-sort-value="1991" | 1991-05-21 | | [[Gaillimh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1879 | [[Íomhá:Niall Collins.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Niall Collins]] | data-sort-value="1973" | 1973-03-30 | | [[Tobar Phádraig]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1880 | | [[Nioclás Inglis]] | data-sort-value="1962" | 1962-10-20 | | [[Cuilleann, Contae Thiobraid Árann|Cuilleann]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1881 | | [[Nollaig Ó Conchubhair]] | data-sort-value="1990" | 1990-04-12 | | [[Port Láirge]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1882 | | [[Nollaig Mac Craith]] | data-sort-value="1990" | 1990-12-17 | | [[Luachma]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1883 | | [[Nollaig Ó Muraíle]] | | | [[Cnoc Mhuire, Contae Mhaigh Eo|Cnoc Mhuire]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1884 | [[Íomhá:Oliver Callan in chat with Ryan Tubridy.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Oliver Callan]] | data-sort-value="1980" | 1980-12-27 | | [[Inis Caoin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1885 | | [[Ollie Cahill]] | data-sort-value="1975" | 1975-09-29 | | [[Cluain Meala]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1886 | | [[Orla Guerin]] | data-sort-value="1966" | 1966-05-15 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1887 | | [[P.S. Ó Riain]] | data-sort-value="1977" | 1977-06-15 | | [[Baile Sheáin, Contae Chill Chainnigh|Baile Sheáin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1888 | | [[Pádraig Mac Aindriú]] | data-sort-value="1988" | 1988-07-18 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1889 | | [[Pádraig de Priondragás]] | data-sort-value="1958" | 1958 | | ''[[:d:Q4222952|Clárach]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 1890 | [[Íomhá:Panti Bliss (20922291612).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Rory O'Neill]] | data-sort-value="1968" | 1968-11-16 | | [[Baile an Róba]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1891 | | [[Paschal Mooney]] | data-sort-value="1947" | 1947-10-14 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1892 | [[Íomhá:Pat Deering 2016.png|center|128px]] | [[Pat Deering]] | data-sort-value="1967" | 1967-02-02 | | [[Ráth Bhile]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1893 | | [[Pádraig Ó Dónalláin]] | data-sort-value="1985" | 1985-06-19 | | [[Inis (baile)|Inis]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1894 | | [[Pat Gilroy]] | data-sort-value="1971" | 1971-11-03 | | [[Marino]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1895 | | [[Pat O'Neill]] | data-sort-value="1958" | 1958-11-14 | | [[Contae Chill Chainnigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1896 | [[Íomhá:Patrick Horgan.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Pádraig Ó hOrgáin]] | data-sort-value="1988" | 1988-05-05 | | [[An Linn Dubh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1897 | | [[Patrick Maher]] | data-sort-value="1989" | 1989-10-12 | | [[Cluain Meala]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1898 | | [[Patrick Norton]] | data-sort-value="1928" | 1928 | | [[Contae Chill Dara]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1899 | | [[Patrick Nulty]] | data-sort-value="1982" | 1982-11-18 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1900 | | [[Pádraig Ó Conchubhair]] | data-sort-value="1991" | 1991-02-06 | | ''[[:d:Q7850732|An Tobar]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 1901 | [[Íomhá:Patrick O'Donovan - 2018.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Patrick O'Donovan]] | data-sort-value="1977" | 1977-03-21 | | [[An Caisleán Nua, Contae Luimnigh|An Caisleán Nua]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1902 | [[Íomhá:Paudie Coffey.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Paudie Coffey]] | data-sort-value="1969" | 1969-05-15 | | [[Contae Phort Láirge]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1903 | | [[Paudie O'Sullivan]] | data-sort-value="1988" | 1988-11-28 | | [[Corcaigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1904 | | [[Paul Casey]] | data-sort-value="1981" | 1981-10-14 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1905 | | [[Paul (Óg) Connaughton]] | data-sort-value="1982" | 1982-01 | | [[An Creagán, Contae na Gaillimhe|An Creagán]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1906 | | [[Paul Griffin]] | | | [[Stigh Lorgan]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1907 | | [[Paul O'Connor]] | | | [[Neidín]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1908 | [[Íomhá:Paul Ryan (hurler).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Pól Ó Riain]] | data-sort-value="1988" | 1988-11-03 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1909 | | [[Pádraic Ó Mathúna|Pauric Mahony]] | data-sort-value="1992" | 1992-05-11 | | [[Port Láirge]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1910 | [[Íomhá:Peadar Tóibín 2024 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Peadar Tóibín]] | data-sort-value="1974" | 1974-06-19 | | [[Droichead Átha]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1911 | [[Íomhá:Peter Fitzpatrick.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Peter Fitzpatrick]] | data-sort-value="1962" | 1962-05-11 | | [[Dún Dealgan]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1912 | | [[Pilib Ó Mathúna]] | data-sort-value="1991" | 1991-01-09 | | [[Port Láirge]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1913 | | [[Pilib Mac Mathúna]] | data-sort-value="1987" | 1987-09-05 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1914 | | [[Pádhraic Ó Comáin]] | | | ''[[:d:Q4253241|Leacach]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 1915 | [[Íomhá:Pádraic Maher(cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Pádraic Maher]] | data-sort-value="1989" | 1989-02-09 | | [[Dúrlas Éile|Durlas]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1916 | | [[Pádraig Ó Baoill]] | data-sort-value="1993" | 1993 | | [[An Baile Dubh, Contae Chiarraí (Clann Mhuiris)|An Baile Dubh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1917 | | [[Pádraig Reidy]] | data-sort-value="1986" | 1986 | | [[Trá Lí]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1918 | | [[Páidí Ó Lionáird]] | data-sort-value="1968" | 1968-08-17 | | [[Cúil Aodha]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1919 | [[Íomhá:Rachel Allen at MAD Symposium.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Rachel Allen]] | data-sort-value="1971" | 1971-10-11 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1920 | [[Íomhá:Ray Butler.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Ray Butler (polaiteoir)|Ray Butler]] | data-sort-value="1965" | 1965-12-30 | | [[Ceanannas]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1921 | [[Íomhá:RTE's WINTER SEASON LAUNCH (SMOCK ALLEY THEATRE) REF-107022 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Ray D'Arcy]] | data-sort-value="1964" | 1964-09-01 | | [[Cill Dara]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1922 | | [[Ray Kennedy (iriseoir)|Ray Kennedy]] | data-sort-value="1970" | 1970 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1923 | [[Íomhá:Becky Lynch July 2019.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Becky Lynch]] | data-sort-value="1987" | 1987-01-30 | | [[Luimneach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1924 | [[Íomhá:Regina Doherty, 2017.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Regina Doherty|Ríona Uí Dhochartaigh]] | data-sort-value="1971" | 1971-01-26 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1925 | [[Íomhá:Richie Hogan from TJ Reid, Seán Kelly, Richie Hogan, Walter Walsh.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Risteard Ó hÓgáin]] | data-sort-value="1988" | 1988-08-08 | | [[Dún Feart]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1926 | | [[Risteárd Cooper]] | data-sort-value="1969" | 1969-02 | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éire]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1927 | | [[Rita Ann Higgins]] | data-sort-value="1955" | 1955 | | [[Gaillimh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1928 | [[Íomhá:Robert Ballagh 2014.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Robert Ballagh]] | data-sort-value="1943" | 1943-09-22 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1929 | | [[Robert Dowds]] | data-sort-value="1953" | 1953-05 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1930 | | [[Roger Garland]] | data-sort-value="1933" | 1933-02 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1931 | | [[Roibeard Ó Maolalaigh]] | data-sort-value="1966" | 1966 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1932 | | [[Ronan Collins]] | data-sort-value="1952" | 1952-10-09 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1933 | | [[Rónán Ó Corráin]] | data-sort-value="1981" | 1981-02-26 | | [[Corcaigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1934 | | [[Ross McConnell]] | | | [[Glas Naíon]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1935 | | [[Ross O'Carroll]] | data-sort-value="1987" | 1987-01-01 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1936 | | [[Ryan Ó Dubhuir]] | data-sort-value="1986" | 1986-07-23 | | [[Caiseal (Tiobraid Árann)|Caiseal]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1937 | [[Íomhá:Ryan O'Shaughnessy (2) 20180508 EuroVisionary (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Ryan O'Shaughnessy]] | data-sort-value="1992" | 1992-09-27 | | [[Na Sceirí]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1938 | [[Íomhá:Ryan Tubridy, 2018 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Ryan Tubridy]] | data-sort-value="1973" | 1973-05-28 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1939 | [[Íomhá:Róisín O On Stage With Mary Black Her Mother At The Stand For The Truth Event --stand4truth--143406 (29372207157).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Róisín O]] | data-sort-value="1988" | 1988 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1940 | | [[Rónán Mac Con Iomaire]] | data-sort-value="1975" | 1975-01-02 | | [[Gaillimh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1941 | [[Íomhá:Rónán Mullen - 2025 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Rónán Mullen]] | data-sort-value="1970" | 1970-10-13 | | [[Contae na Gaillimhe]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1942 | | [[Rónán Ó Flatharta]] | | | [[Contae Chiarraí]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1943 | [[Íomhá:Sandra McLellan TD, Cork East (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Sandra McLellan]] | data-sort-value="1961" | 1961-05 | | [[Eochaill]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1944 | | [[Seamus Moore]] | data-sort-value="1947" | 1947-06-18 | | [[Callainn]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1945 | | [[Séamas Ó Muíneacháin]] | data-sort-value="1973" | 1973-10-22 | | [[Contae Chiarraí]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1946 | [[Íomhá:Sean Barrett 2014.png|center|128px]] | [[Sean Barrett (eacnamaí)|Sean Barrett]] | data-sort-value="1944" | 1944 | | [[Contae Chorcaí]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1947 | [[Íomhá:Sean O'Rourke crop.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Sean O'Rourke]] | data-sort-value="1955" | 1955 | | [[Port Laoise]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1948 | | [[Seán Bán Breathnach]] | data-sort-value="1949" | 1949 | | [[Contae na Gaillimhe]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1949 | [[Íomhá:Seán Crowe 2023 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Seán Crowe]] | data-sort-value="1957" | 1957-03-07 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1950 | | [[Seán Ó Curraoin (iománaí)|Seán Ó Curraoin]] | data-sort-value="1981" | 1981-11-11 | | [[Cluain Meala]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1951 | [[Íomhá:Seán Kyne 2025 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Seán Ó Cadhain (polaiteoir)|Seán Ó Cadhain]] | data-sort-value="1975" | 1975-05-07 | | [[Maigh Cuilinn]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1952 | [[Íomhá:Sean-osullivan.png|center|128px]] | [[Seán O'Sullivan]] | | | [[Contae Chiarraí]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1953 | [[Íomhá:Sean Sherlock Portrait 2020.jpeg|center|128px]] | [[Seán Sherlock]] | data-sort-value="1972" | 1972-12-06 | | [[Mala]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1954 | [[Íomhá:Seán Ó Fearghaíl 2016.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Seán Ó Fearghaíl]] | data-sort-value="1960" | 1960-04-17 | | [[Contae Chill Dara]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1955 | | [[Mike Murphy]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-10-20 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1956 | | [[Seán Ó Dulaoích]] | data-sort-value="1986" | 1986-09-26 | | [[Tulach Mhór]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1957 | | [[Shane Mac Dhuarcáin]] | data-sort-value="1987" | 1987-07-01 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1958 | | [[Shane Murphy]] | data-sort-value="1983" | 1983-08-19 | | [[An Gleanntán]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1959 | | [[Shane O'Neill]] | data-sort-value="1986" | 1986-03-01 | | [[Baile an Easpaig]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1960 | | [[Shane Ryan]] | data-sort-value="1978" | 1978-10-05 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1961 | | [[Sharon Ní Bheoláin]] | data-sort-value="1966" | 1966-02-15 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1962 | [[Íomhá:Simon Harris at the Special European Council - 2024 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Simon Harris|Síomón Ó hEarchaí]] | data-sort-value="1986" | 1986-10-17 | | [[Na Clocha Liatha]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1963 | | [[Siún Nic Gearailt]] | data-sort-value="1971" | 1971-09-14 | | [[An Fheothanach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1964 | [[Íomhá:Stephanie Roche.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Stephanie Zambra|Stephanie Roche]] | data-sort-value="1989" | 1989-06-13 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1965 | [[Íomhá:Stephen Cluxton kick out 2012 cropped.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Stiofán Cluxton]] | data-sort-value="1981" | 1981-12-17 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1966 | [[Íomhá:Stephen McDonnell.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Stephen McDonnell (iománaí)|Stephen McDonnell]] | data-sort-value="1989" | 1989-01-28 | | [[Corcaigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1967 | | [[Stiofán Ó Cuív]] | data-sort-value="1991" | 1991-04-29 | | [[Port Láirge]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1968 | [[Íomhá:Stephen Rice (footballer).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Stephen Rice]] | data-sort-value="1984" | 1984-10-06 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1969 | [[Íomhá:Susan Denham 2014.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Susan Denham]] | data-sort-value="1945" | 1945-05-07 | | [[Dumhach Thrá]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1970 | [[Íomhá:Susan O'Keeffe 2014.png|center|128px]] | [[Susan O'Keeffe]] | data-sort-value="1960" | 1960-09-18 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1971 | | [[Séadna Ó Móra]] | data-sort-value="1993" | 1993-03-09 | | [[Droichead Abhann Ó gCearnaigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1972 | [[Íomhá:Séamus Callanan (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Séamas Ó Callanáin]] | data-sort-value="1988" | 1988-09-15 | | [[An Drom]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1973 | [[Íomhá:Seamus Healy, Dec 2024 - (54192713966) (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Séamus Healy]] | data-sort-value="1950" | 1950-08-09 | | [[Port Láirge]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1974 | | [[Seán Ó Loirgneáin]] | | | ''[[:d:Q104328324|An Pháirc Gharbh]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 1975 | | [[Síle Ní Bhraonáin]] | data-sort-value="1983" | 1983 | | [[An Spidéal]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1976 | | [[Síle Seoige]] | data-sort-value="1979" | 1979-04-13 | | [[An Spidéal]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1977 | [[Íomhá:TJ Reid from TJ Reid, Seán Kelly, Richie Hogan, Walter Walsh.jpg|center|128px]] | [[T. S. Ó Maoildeirg]] | data-sort-value="1987" | 1987-11-16 | | [[Baile Héil]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1978 | | [[Tommy Tiernan]] | data-sort-value="1969" | 1969-06-16 | | [[An Uaimh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1979 | [[Íomhá:Thomas Byrne.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Thomas Byrne (An Mhí Thoir)|Thomas Byrne]] | data-sort-value="1977" | 1977-06-01 | | [[Droichead Átha]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1980 | | [[Thomas J. Fitzpatrick (Baile Átha Cliath)|Thomas J. Fitzpatrick]] | data-sort-value="1926" | 1926-07-29 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1981 | [[Íomhá:Thomas Pringle politician.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Thomas Pringle]] | data-sort-value="1967" | 1967-08-11 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1982 | [[Íomhá:Thomas Ryan.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Tomás Ó Riain]] | data-sort-value="1989" | 1989-09-19 | | [[Tulach an Iarainn]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1983 | | [[Timmy McCarthy]] | data-sort-value="1977" | 1977-09-07 | | [[Caisleán Ó Liatháin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1984 | [[Íomhá:Toiréasa Ferris 2013 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Toiréasa Ferris]] | data-sort-value="1980" | 1980-03-24 | | [[Trá Lí]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1985 | | [[Tom Barry (T.D., Fine Gael)|Tom Barry]] | data-sort-value="1968" | 1968-10-10 | | [[Corcaigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1986 | | [[Tom Condon]] | data-sort-value="1987" | 1987-11-09 | | [[Luimneach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1987 | | [[Tom Fleming]] | data-sort-value="1951" | 1951-02 | | [[Cill Airne]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1988 | | [[Tomás Ó Doinn]] | data-sort-value="1974" | 1974-05-21 | | [[Tuaim Uí Mheára]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1989 | | [[Tommy Griffin]] | data-sort-value="1978" | 1978-04-12 | | [[Trá Lí]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1990 | [[Íomhá:Tommy Walsh.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Tomás Breathnach (peileadóir)|Tomás Breathnach]] | data-sort-value="1988" | 1988-02-26 | | [[Trá Lí]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1991 | | [[Tomás Mac Eoin]] | data-sort-value="1937" | 1937 | | [[An Cheathrú Rua]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1992 | | [[Tomás Ó Flatharta]] | | | [[Contae Chiarraí]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1993 | | [[Antóin de Brún]] | data-sort-value="1973" | 1973-07-01 | | [[Port Láirge]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1994 | | [[Antoine Ó Ceallaigh]] | data-sort-value="1993" | 1993-12-15 | | [[Inis (baile)|Inis]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1995 | | [[Tónaí Mac Taidhg]] | data-sort-value="1946" | 1946-01 | | [[Cloich na Coillte]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1996 | | [[Tony Mulcahy]] | data-sort-value="1959" | 1959-04-12 | | [[Luimneach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1997 | | [[Treasa Ní Cheannabháin]] | data-sort-value="1953" | 1953 | | [[Cill Chiaráin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1998 | | [[Trevor Mac Goill]] | data-sort-value="1975" | 1975 | | [[An Scrín, Contae na Mí|An Scrín]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1999 | [[Íomhá:Bishop Trevor Williams.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Trevor Williams (easpag)|Trevor Williams]] | data-sort-value="1948" | 1948 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2000 | | [[Vincent Woods]] | data-sort-value="1960" | 1960 | | [[Contae Liatroma]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2001 | [[Íomhá:Walter Walsh (hurler) cropped.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Ualtar Breathnach]] | data-sort-value="1991" | 1991-05-25 | | [[Ros Bearrcon]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2002 | | [[Willie O'Dwyer]] | data-sort-value="1984" | 1984-04-04 | | [[Muileann an Bhata]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2003 | | [[Áine Collins]] | data-sort-value="1969" | 1969-09-01 | | [[Bántír]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2004 | | [[Éanna Ní Lamhna]] | data-sort-value="1950" | 1950 | | [[Baile an Ghearlánaigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2005 | | [[Éilís Ní Dhuibhne]] | data-sort-value="1954" | 1954-02-22 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2006 | [[Íomhá:UnaOHagan-1Web.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Úna O'Hagan]] | data-sort-value="1962" | 1962 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2007 | [[Íomhá:Helen McEntee in 2026.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Helen McEntee|Eiléana Nic an tSaoi]] | data-sort-value="1986" | 1986-06-08 | | [[An Uaimh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2008 | | [[Paul Doolin]] | data-sort-value="1963" | 1963-03-26 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2009 | | [[Kieran Cremin]] | | | [[Cill Airne]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2010 | | [[Hector Ó hEochagáin]] | data-sort-value="1969" | 1969-08-17 | | [[An Uaimh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2011 | | [[Nollaig Ó hÍcí]] | data-sort-value="1980" | 1980-12-12 | | ''[[:d:Q5315564|Dún Iomagáin]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 2012 | | [[Noel Harrington]] | data-sort-value="1970" | 1970-12-24 | | [[Baile Chaisleáin Bhéarra]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2013 | | [[Gearóid Mac Cuinneagáin]] | data-sort-value="1961" | 1961-08-30 | | ''[[:d:Q17104710|An Tóchar]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 2014 | | [[Ronan Hussey]] | | | [[An tSnaidhm]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2015 | [[Íomhá:Terry Cavanagh (developer) picture.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Terry Cavanagh]] | data-sort-value="1984" | 1984 | | [[Tigh Damhnata]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2016 | | [[Beairtle Ó Conaire]] | | | [[Ros Muc]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2017 | [[Íomhá:BiddyJenkinson.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Biddy Jenkinson]] | data-sort-value="1949" | 1949 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2018 | | [[Brian Walsh]] | data-sort-value="1972" | 1972-09-28 | | [[Gaillimh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2019 | [[Íomhá:Brendan Griffin, T.D. Fine Gael (cropped).JPG|center|128px]] | [[Brendan Griffin]] | data-sort-value="1982" | 1982-03-14 | | [[Corcaigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2020 | | [[Colm Mac Séalaigh]] | | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2021 | [[Íomhá:Davy-fitzgerald-sf.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Daithí Mac Gearailt]] | data-sort-value="1971" | 1971-08-02 | | [[Droichead Abhann Ó gCearnaigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2022 | | [[Dymphna Lonergan]] | data-sort-value="1949" | 1949 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2023 | | [[Dáithí Mac Cárthaigh]] | | | [[Inis Córthaidh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2024 | | [[Déaglán Collinge]] | data-sort-value="1949" | 1949 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2025 | | [[Eilís Ní Dheá]] | | | [[An Tulach (An Clár)|An Tulach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2026 | | [[Jackie Mac Donncha]] | data-sort-value="1946" | 1946 | | [[Cill Chiaráin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2027 | | [[Jimmy O'Brien Moran]] | data-sort-value="1957" | 1957 | | [[Contae Phort Láirge]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2028 | | [[Liam Mac Amhlaigh]] | | | [[Contae Chill Mhantáin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2029 | | [[Mairéad Mhic Dhonncha]] | data-sort-value="1945" | 1945 | | ''[[:d:Q104310021|Baile Reo]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 2030 | | [[Mark Geary]] | data-sort-value="1971" | 1971-01-31 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2031 | [[Íomhá:Maureen O'Sullivan (official portrait).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Maureen O'Sullivan (polaiteoir)|Maureen O'Sullivan]] | data-sort-value="1951" | 1951-03-10 | | [[An Port Thoir]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2032 | | [[Micheál Ó Cuaig]] | data-sort-value="1950" | 1950 | | ''[[:d:Q112619831|Aill na Brón]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 2033 | | [[Máirtín Óg Mac Donncha]] | | | [[An Cheathrú Rua]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2034 | | [[Mícheál de Barra]] | | | [[Cill Fhionnúrach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2035 | | [[Mícheál W. Ó Murchú]] | | | [[Ráth Chormaic]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2036 | | [[Niall Ó Ciosáin]] | data-sort-value="1960" | 1960 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2037 | [[Íomhá:Nell Ní Chróinín 2014.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Nell Ní Chróinín]] | data-sort-value="1990" | 1990 | | [[Contae Chorcaí]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2038 | | [[Niall Ó Cárthaigh]] | data-sort-value="1981" | 1981-09-01 | | [[Carraig Thuathail]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2039 | | [[Paddy Bushe]] | data-sort-value="1948" | 1948 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2040 | | [[Peadar Ó hUallaigh]] | data-sort-value="1950" | 1950 | | [[Cluain Meala]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2041 | | [[Paul Seevers]] | data-sort-value="1969" | 1969 | | [[Sligeach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2042 | | [[Páraic Breathnach]] | data-sort-value="1956" | 1956 | | ''[[:d:Q65391591|Carna]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 2043 | | [[Pádraig Standún]] | data-sort-value="1946" | 1946 | | ''[[:d:Q62035956|Baile Dhabhac]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 2044 | | [[Pádraig Ó Cíobháin]] | data-sort-value="1951" | 1951-03-12 | | [[Baile an Fheirtéaraigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2045 | | [[Seosamh Ó Cuaig]] | | | ''[[:d:Q112619831|Aill na Brón]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 2046 | | [[Seán Ó Curraoin]] | | | [[Bearna]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2047 | [[Íomhá:Stephen Donnelly 2016.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Stephen Donnelly]] | data-sort-value="1975" | 1975-12-14 | | [[Deilgne]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2048 | | [[Séamas Mac Annaidh]] | data-sort-value="1961" | 1961 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2049 | [[Íomhá:Tony McLoughlin.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Tony McLoughlin]] | data-sort-value="1949" | 1949-01-19 | | [[Sligeach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2050 | | [[Tomás Ó Neachtain]] | | | ''[[:d:Q104321837|Baile an tSléibhe]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 2051 | | [[Torlach Mac Con Midhe]] | | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2052 | | [[Neasa Ní Chinnéide]] | data-sort-value="1952" | 1952 | | [[Baile an Mhúraigh, Paróiste Mórdhach|Baile an Mhúraigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2053 | | [[Seán Ó Conghaile]] | data-sort-value="1948" | 1948-06-14 | | [[Leitir Móir]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2054 | [[Íomhá:Michael Colreavy 2011.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Michael Colreavy]] | data-sort-value="1948" | 1948-09 | | [[Sligeach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2055 | | [[Neil Ronan]] | data-sort-value="1979" | 1979-09-01 | | [[Bealach Átha]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2056 | [[Íomhá:Paul Flynn cropped.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Pól Ó Floinn]] | data-sort-value="1986" | 1986-07-08 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2057 | [[Íomhá:Doireann Ní Ghríofa, 2023.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Doireann Ní Ghríofa]] | data-sort-value="1981" | 1981-04-29 | | [[Gaillimh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2058 | [[Íomhá:Tom O'Sullivan (2009).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Tom O'Sullivan]] | data-sort-value="1978" | 1978-11-15 | | [[Contae Chiarraí]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2059 | | [[Keith Hanley]] | data-sort-value="1993" | 1993-08-15 | | [[Luimneach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2060 | | [[Jim Corr (polaiteoir)|Jim Corr]] | data-sort-value="1934" | 1934-01-25 | | [[Contae Chorcaí]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2061 | | [[Patrick Gallagher]] | data-sort-value="1946" | 1946-12-01 | | [[Port Láirge]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2062 | | [[Henry Abbott]] | data-sort-value="1947" | 1947-12-18 | | [[An Muileann gCearr]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2063 | [[Íomhá:Yvonne Farrell at arcVision 2015.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Yvonne Farrell]] | data-sort-value="1951" | 1951 | | [[Tulach Mhór]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2064 | [[Íomhá:Lorraine Higgins, Feb 2014 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Lorraine Higgins]] | data-sort-value="1979" | 1979-08-03 | | [[Gaillimh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2065 | | [[John Kelly]] | data-sort-value="1960" | 1960-02-02 | | [[Baile an Tobair, Contae Ros Comáin|Baile an Tobair]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2066 | | [[Mary Mooney]] | data-sort-value="1958" | 1958-12-01 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2067 | | [[Thomas Nagle]] | | | [[Contae Chorcaí]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2068 | | [[Seosamh Ó Cuana]] | data-sort-value="1965" | 1965-03-17 | | [[An Ballán]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2069 | | [[John Fitzgibbon]] | data-sort-value="1967" | 1967-05-06 | | [[An Linn Dubh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2070 | | [[Imelda Henry]] | data-sort-value="1967" | 1967-03-05 | | [[Contae Shligigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2071 | | [[Paul Brogan]] | data-sort-value="1986" | 1986 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2072 | | [[Cathal Barrett]] | data-sort-value="1993" | 1993-07-21 | | ''[[:d:Q4499047|Mainistir na Croiche]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 2073 | | [[Michael Cahill (iománaí)|Mícheál Ó Cathail]] | data-sort-value="1989" | 1989-01-03 | | [[Dúrlas Éile|Durlas]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2074 | [[Íomhá:Johnny Coen (2013).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Seán Ó Comdhain]] | data-sort-value="1991" | 1991-03-19 | | [[Béal Átha na Sluaighe]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2075 | | [[Jake Ó Diolúin]] | data-sort-value="1992" | 1992 | | [[Port Láirge]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2076 | | [[Shay Byrne]] | data-sort-value="1973" | 1973 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2077 | | [[Marc Eilís]] | data-sort-value="1990" | 1990-08-26 | | [[Sráid an Mhuilinn]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2078 | | [[Iásón Mac Giollarnáth]] | data-sort-value="1993" | 1993-12-22 | | [[An tAonach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2079 | | [[Séamus Ó hAirtnéada]] | data-sort-value="1990" | 1990-07-17 | | [[Contae Chorcaí]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2080 | | [[Peter Duggan]] | data-sort-value="1993" | 1993 | | ''[[:d:Q15964429|Cluaine]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 2081 | | [[Daithí Mac an Oirchinnigh]] | data-sort-value="1992" | 1992-12-07 | | [[Inis (baile)|Inis]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2082 | | [[Lorcán Mac Lochlainn]] | data-sort-value="1989" | 1989-11-14 | | [[Ceann Toirc]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2083 | [[Íomhá:Paul Murphy (hurler) (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Pól Ó Murchú]] | data-sort-value="1989" | 1989-01-01 | | [[Dún Feart]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2084 | | [[Seán Ó Dónaill]] | data-sort-value="1994" | 1994-06-15 | | [[Inis (baile)|Inis]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2085 | [[Íomhá:John O'Dwyer (2014).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Seán Ó Duibhir]] | data-sort-value="1991" | 1991-09-17 | | [[Cluain Meala]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2086 | [[Íomhá:Luke O'Farrell (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Lúcás Ó Fearghaill]] | data-sort-value="1990" | 1990-02-25 | | [[Mainistir na Corann]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2087 | | [[Roibeard Ó Sé]] | data-sort-value="1990" | 1990-07-20 | | [[Carraig Uí Leighin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2088 | | [[Nioclás Mac Uaid]] | data-sort-value="1989" | 1989-06-12 | | [[Eifinn]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2089 | | [[Shane Ó Carthaigh]] | data-sort-value="1994" | 1994-09-28 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2090 | [[Íomhá:Hozier Troubadour West Hollywood.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Hozier]] | data-sort-value="1990" | 1990-03-17 | | [[Bré]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2091 | | [[James O'Donoghue]] | data-sort-value="1990" | 1990-06-19 | | [[Trá Lí]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2092 | | [[Pádraig Breathnach]] | data-sort-value="1992" | 1992-03-12 | | [[Tulach Ruáin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2093 | | [[Pól Ó Mainnín]] | data-sort-value="1993" | 1993-05-25 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2094 | | [[Róisín Elsafty]] | data-sort-value="1976" | 1976 | | [[Conamara]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2095 | | [[Eímear Noone]] | data-sort-value="1978" | 1970s | | [[Cill Chonaill]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2096 | [[Íomhá:Sean-canney-3.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Seán Canney]] | data-sort-value="1960" | 1960-04-06 | | ''[[:d:Q4882077|Béal Chláir]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 2097 | [[Íomhá:Dublin footballer Jonny Cooper at the RDS Arena cropped.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Seán Cúipéir]] | data-sort-value="1989" | 1989-11-04 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2098 | | [[John Kennedy (peileadóir)]] | data-sort-value="2000" | 20th century | | ''[[:d:Q55437286|Eas Daoi]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 2099 | [[Íomhá:Jack McCaffrey (2013).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Seán Mac Gafraidh (peileadóir)|Seán Mac Gafraidh]] | data-sort-value="1993" | 1993-10-19 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2100 | | [[Conor McManus]] | | | [[Muineachán]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2101 | [[Íomhá:Brendan McCahey live performance 2014-07-14 20-23.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Brendan McCahey]] | data-sort-value="1976" | 1976 | | ''[[:d:Q4319146|Machaire Cluana]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 2102 | | [[Séamus de Barra]] | data-sort-value="1990" | 1990-06-29 | | [[Cluain Meala]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2103 | [[Íomhá:Grace O'Sullivan.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Grace O'Sullivan|Grace O’Sullivan]] | data-sort-value="1962" | 1962-03-08 | | [[Trá Mhór]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2104 | | [[Déin Mac Concharraige]] | data-sort-value="1990" | 1990-02-26 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2105 | | [[Stephen Walsh]] | data-sort-value="1985" | 1985-12-20 | | [[Luimneach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2106 | | [[Ailéin Ó Ceadagáin]] | data-sort-value="1993" | 1993-05-17 | | [[Dúglas]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2107 | [[Íomhá:Lynn Boylan (Lynn Ní Bhaoigheallain).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Lynn Boylan]] | data-sort-value="1976" | 1976-11-29 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2108 | [[Íomhá:Damien Cahalane cropped.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Damien Cahalane]] | data-sort-value="1992" | 1992-08-10 | | [[Corcaigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2109 | [[Íomhá:Ruth Coppinger.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Ruth Coppinger]] | data-sort-value="1967" | 1967-04-18 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2110 | | [[Áistín Ó Gliasáin]] | data-sort-value="1995" | 1995-06-27 | | [[Port Láirge]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2111 | [[Íomhá:Gabrielle McFadden.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Gabrielle McFadden]] | data-sort-value="1967" | 1967-04-09 | | [[Baile Átha Luain]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2112 | [[Íomhá:Liadh Ní Riada MLA Oct 2018 (close cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Liadh Ní Riada]] | data-sort-value="1966" | 1966-11-28 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2113 | [[Íomhá:Roderic O'Gorman.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Roderic O’Gorman]] | data-sort-value="1982" | 1982-12-12 | | [[Mullach Eadrad]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2114 | | [[Seán Mac Mathúna]] | data-sort-value="1936" | 1936 | | [[Trá Lí]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2115 | [[Íomhá:Donall o healai 2020 1.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Dónall Ó Héalaí]] | data-sort-value="1987" | 1987 | | [[Indreabhán]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2116 | | [[Killian Burke]] | data-sort-value="1993" | 1993-01-09 | | [[Mainistir na Corann]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2117 | | [[Lee Chin]] | data-sort-value="1992" | 1992-10-08 | | [[Loch Garman]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2118 | [[Íomhá:Brian Lawton (hurler).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Brian Ó Lachtnáin]] | data-sort-value="1992" | 1992-12-09 | | [[Baile na Martra]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2119 | | [[Rónán Ó Meachair]] | data-sort-value="1995" | 1995-11-09 | | [[Dúrlas Éile|Durlas]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2120 | [[Íomhá:Sarah Greene at Abbey Theatre Noble Call.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Sarah Greene]] | data-sort-value="1984" | 1984-07-21 | | [[Corcaigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2121 | | [[Peter Charleton]] | data-sort-value="1956" | 1956-03-27 | | [[Caisleán Cnucha]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2122 | | [[Seosamh Ó hOldáin]] | data-sort-value="1990" | 1990-07-02 | | [[Baile Héil]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2123 | [[Íomhá:2022-08-18 European Championships 2022 – Men's 400 Metres Hurdles by Sandro Halank–014.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Thomas Barr]] | data-sort-value="1992" | 1992-07-24 | | [[Port Láirge]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2124 | | [[Christina Noble]] | data-sort-value="1944" | 1944-12-23 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2125 | | [[Seán Breathnach]] | data-sort-value="1993" | 1993 | | [[Gaillimh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2126 | [[Íomhá:Paul O'Donovan 2016.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Paul O'Donovan]] | data-sort-value="1994" | 1994-04-19 | | ''[[:d:Q104297150|An Lisín]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 2127 | [[Íomhá:Bregenz- Subsidiarityconference-Gerard P Craughwell-01a.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Gerard Craughwell]] | data-sort-value="1953" | 1953-11-22 | | [[Gaillimh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2128 | [[Íomhá:Michael Fitzmaurice.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Michael Fitzmaurice]] | data-sort-value="1969" | 1969-09-18 | | [[Glinsce, Contae na Gaillimhe (Béal Átha Mó)|Glinsce]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2129 | | [[Sara Berkeley]] | data-sort-value="1967" | 1967 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2130 | [[Íomhá:Nóirín O'Sullivan, Dublin, 2023.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Nóirín O'Sullivan]] | data-sort-value="1960" | 1960-11-03 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2131 | [[Íomhá:20150513 ESC 2015 Molly Sterling 5070.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Molly Sterling]] | data-sort-value="1998" | 1998-03-08 | | [[Pocán]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2132 | [[Íomhá:Gavin Duffy.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Gavin Duffy]] | data-sort-value="1960" | 1960-04-29 | | [[Cill Dara]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2133 | | [[Seán Mac Craith]] | data-sort-value="1994" | 1994-07-28 | | [[Luachma]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2134 | [[Íomhá:Gavin James Piknik i Parken 2017 (164342).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Gavin James]] | data-sort-value="1991" | 1991-07-05 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2135 | [[Íomhá:Bríd Smith.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Bríd Smith]] | data-sort-value="1961" | 1961-09-18 | | [[Ráth Fearnáin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2136 | | [[Áine Ní Ghlinn]] | data-sort-value="1955" | 1955 | | [[Contae Thiobraid Árann]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2137 | | [[Lucy O'Byrne]] | data-sort-value="1991" | 1991<br/>1992 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2138 | [[Íomhá:Gerard Barrett at DIFF 2015.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Gerard Barrett]] | data-sort-value="1987" | 1987-07-05 | | [[Áth an tSléibhe]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2139 | | [[Barra Ó hAonghusa|Barry Hennessy]] | data-sort-value="1989" | 1989-10-14 | | [[Cill Mocheallóg]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2140 | [[Íomhá:Jacksepticeye by Gage Skidmore.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Jacksepticeye]] | data-sort-value="1990" | 1990-02-07 | | [[An Clochán (Contae Uíbh Fhailí)|An Clochán]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2141 | | [[Cian Ó Loingsigh|Cian Lynch]] | data-sort-value="1996" | 1996-01-03 | | [[Luimneach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2142 | | [[Daithí Mac Braoin]] | data-sort-value="1985" | 1985-09-20 | | [[Luimneach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2143 | | [[Daithí Ó Riada (Luimneach)|David Reidy]] | data-sort-value="1993" | 1993 | | [[An tÁth Leacach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2144 | | [[Déaglán hAnnáin]] | data-sort-value="1992" | 1992-11 | | [[Luimneach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2145 | | [[Gréacháin Ó Maolchathaigh]] | data-sort-value="1990" | 1990-06-02 | | [[Cill Mocheallóg]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2146 | | [[Kim Hayden]] | | | [[An Caisleán Nua, Contae Chill Mhantáin|An Caisleán Nua]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2147 | | [[Nollaig Ní Laoire]] | data-sort-value="1989" | 1989 | | [[Ráth Chairn]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2148 | | [[Páidí Ó Briain]] | data-sort-value="1989" | 1989-09-05 | | [[Cill Mocheallóg]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2149 | | [[Pól de Brún]] | data-sort-value="1989" | 1989-09-21 | | [[Luimneach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2150 | | [[Risteard Mac Cárthaigh]] | data-sort-value="1988" | 1988 | | [[Luimneach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2151 | | [[Séamus Ó hÍcí]] | data-sort-value="1988" | 1988 | | [[Luimneach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2152 | | [[Séamus Ó Riain]] | data-sort-value="1987" | 1987-04-07 | | [[Garraí Uí Spealáin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2153 | | [[Uáin Mac Conmara]] | data-sort-value="1986" | 1986-06-11 | | [[Luimneach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2154 | | [[Patrick Donoghue]] | | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2155 | [[Íomhá:Claire Hanna.JPG|center|128px]] | [[Claire Hanna]] | data-sort-value="1980" | 1980-06-19 | | [[Conamara]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2156 | [[Íomhá:Susan McKenna-Lawlor Suggested That We In Ireland Should Build Our Own Rocket (Inspirefest 2015)---105769 (18976188652) (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Susan McKenna-Lawlor]] | data-sort-value="1935" | 1935-03-03 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2157 | | [[Conchúir Mac Domhnall]] | data-sort-value="1995" | 1995-09-22 | | [[Guaire]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2158 | | [[Cormac Ó Murchú]] | data-sort-value="1993" | 1993-04-21 | | [[Mala]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2159 | | [[Seán Mac Beinéid]] | data-sort-value="1996" | 1996-12-05 | | [[Baile na Sagart]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2160 | | [[Stiofán Mac Beinéid]] | data-sort-value="1995" | 1995-10-08 | | [[Baile na Sagart]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2161 | | [[Pádraig Ó Corráin|Padraig Ó Corráin]] | data-sort-value="1996" | 1996-03-02 | | [[Dún Garbhán]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2162 | [[Íomhá:Noel Rock.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Noel Rock]] | data-sort-value="1987" | 1987-11-11 | | [[Baile Munna]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2163 | | [[Séamus Ó Cinnéide]] | data-sort-value="1993" | 1993-06-26 | | [[Cluain Meala]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2164 | | [[Rónán Ó Loingsigh]] | data-sort-value="1996" | 1996 | | [[Luimneach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2165 | [[Íomhá:Cathal Mannion (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Cathal Ó Mainnín]] | data-sort-value="1994" | 1994-10-22 | | [[Béal Átha na Sluaighe]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2166 | | [[Tomás Ó Muireasa|Tom Morrissey]] | data-sort-value="1996" | 1996-05-29 | | [[Luimneach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2167 | | [[Tadhg de Búrca]] | data-sort-value="1994" | 1994-09-19 | | [[Clais Mhór]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2168 | | [[Ré Ó Laighléis]] | data-sort-value="1953" | 1953 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2169 | [[Íomhá:Gearóid McInerney (2014).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Gearóid Mac an Airchinnigh]] | data-sort-value="1990" | 1990-09-24 | | [[Órán Mór]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2170 | [[Íomhá:2019 London Marathon IMG 9029 (32788526567).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Sinéad Diver]] | data-sort-value="1977" | 1977-02-17 | | [[Béal an Mhuirthead]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2171 | [[Íomhá:Daithí Burke cropped.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Daithí de Búrca]] | data-sort-value="1992" | 1992-11-16 | | [[Gaillimh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2172 | | [[Brían Ó Fiannachta]] | data-sort-value="1993" | 1993-03-02 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2173 | | [[Seán Ó Caoilte]] | data-sort-value="1993" | 1993-01-10 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2174 | [[Íomhá:Conor Whelan cropped.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Conchúir Ó Faoláin]] | data-sort-value="1996" | 1996-10-31 | | [[Gaillimh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2175 | | [[Roibeard Ó Leannáin]] | data-sort-value="1993" | 1993 | | [[Droichead Binéid]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2176 | [[Íomhá:John Hanbury and Jonjo Farrell.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Seán Ó hAnmhuire]] | data-sort-value="1993" | 1993-05-13 | | [[Gaillimh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2177 | [[Íomhá:Jason Flynn (2015).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Iasón Ó Floinn]] | data-sort-value="1994" | 1994-11-16 | | [[Gaillimh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2178 | [[Íomhá:Pádraic Mannion(cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Pádraic Ó Mainnín]] | data-sort-value="1993" | 1993-03-06 | | [[Béal Átha na Sluaighe]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2179 | | [[Louise O'Neill]] | data-sort-value="1985" | 1985-02-24 | | [[Corcaigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2180 | [[Íomhá:Shelly mcnamara 2013.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Shelley McNamara]] | data-sort-value="1952" | 1952 | | [[Lios Dúin Bhearna]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2181 | | [[Pádraic Breathnach]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-07-12 | | [[Maigh Cuilinn]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2182 | [[Íomhá:Cllr Cormac Devlin Hi Res.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Cormac Devlin]] | data-sort-value="1980" | 1980-08-30 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2183 | [[Íomhá:Sportsfile (Web Summit) (22554473410) (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Paddy Cosgrave]] | data-sort-value="1983" | 1983-03-19 | | [[Contae Chill Mhantáin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2184 | [[Íomhá:Katie McCabe Republic of Ireland mix zone 2020-03-05 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Katie McCabe]] | data-sort-value="1995" | 1995-09-21 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2185 | | [[Gerard Hogan]] | data-sort-value="1964" | 1964-12-23<br/>1958 | | [[Cluain Meala]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2186 | [[Íomhá:Paul-Photograph-jpg2.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Paul Mercier]] | data-sort-value="1958" | 1958 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2187 | [[Íomhá:Catherine Martin TD.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Catherine Martin]] | data-sort-value="1972" | 1972-09-30 | | [[Muineachán]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2188 | [[Íomhá:Gino Kenny.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Gino Kenny]] | data-sort-value="1972" | 1972-06-25 | | [[Cluain Dolcáin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2189 | [[Íomhá:Imelda Munster 2015.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Imelda Munster]] | data-sort-value="1968" | 1968-02-24 | | [[Droichead Átha]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2190 | [[Íomhá:Michael Harty.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Michael Harty]] | data-sort-value="1955" | 1955-04-07 | | [[Luimneach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2191 | [[Íomhá:Shane Cassells (official portrait).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Shane Cassells]] | data-sort-value="1971" | 1971-03-26 | | [[An Uaimh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2192 | [[Íomhá:Kathleen Funchion 2015.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Kathleen Funchion]] | data-sort-value="1981" | 1981-04-22 | | [[Cill Chainnigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2193 | [[Íomhá:Frank O'Rourke.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Frank O'Rourke]] | data-sort-value="1969" | 1969-06-11 | | [[Sligeach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2194 | [[Íomhá:John Brady 2015.jpg|center|128px]] | [[John Brady]] | data-sort-value="1973" | 1973-07-28 | | [[Bré]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2195 | [[Íomhá:John Brassil.jpg|center|128px]] | [[John Brassil]] | data-sort-value="1963" | 1963-05-16 | | [[Trá Lí]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2196 | [[Íomhá:Maria Bailey TD.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Maria Bailey]] | data-sort-value="1976" | 1976-04-10 | | [[Deilginis]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2197 | [[Íomhá:Colm Brophy 2024 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Colm Brophy]] | data-sort-value="1973" | 1973-01-09 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2198 | [[Íomhá:James Browne politician.jpg|center|128px]] | [[James Browne]] | data-sort-value="1975" | 1975-10-15 | | [[Inis Córthaidh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2199 | [[Íomhá:Declan Breathnach 2016 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Declan Breathnach]] | data-sort-value="1959" | 1959-06-01 | | [[Droichead an Chnoic]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2200 | [[Íomhá:Mary Butler.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Mary Butler]] | data-sort-value="1963" | 1963-01-27 | | [[Port Láirge]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2201 | [[Íomhá:Jackie Cahill.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Jackie Cahill]] | data-sort-value="1957" | 1957-08-05 | | [[Dúrlas Éile|Durlas]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2202 | [[Íomhá:Pat Buckley 2016.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Pat Buckley]] | data-sort-value="1968" | 1968-07-13 | | [[Mainistir na Corann]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2203 | [[Íomhá:Peter Burke 2025 South Boston St. Patrick's Day Breakfast 54397908242 1.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Peter Burke]] | data-sort-value="1982" | 1982-10-22 | | [[An Muileann gCearr]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2204 | [[Íomhá:Jack Chambers (polaiteoir).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Jack Chambers]] | data-sort-value="1990" | 1990-11-21 | | [[Gaillimh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2205 | [[Íomhá:Michael Collins politician.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Michael Collins (polaiteoir)|Michael Collins]] | data-sort-value="1958" | 1958-07-15 | | [[Corcaigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2206 | [[Íomhá:Pat Casey.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Pat Casey]] | data-sort-value="1962" | 1962-03-11 | | [[An Láithreach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2207 | [[Íomhá:Lisa Chambers (official portrait).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Lisa Chambers]] | data-sort-value="1986" | 1986-08-24 | | [[Caisleán an Bharraigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2208 | [[Íomhá:John Lahart.jpg|center|128px]] | [[John Lahart]] | data-sort-value="1960" | 1960-10-08 | | [[Baile Uí Ruáin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2209 | [[Íomhá:James Lawless TD.jpg|center|128px]] | [[James Lawless]] | data-sort-value="1976" | 1976-08-19 | | [[Guaire]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2210 | [[Íomhá:Danny Healy-Rae.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Danny Healy-Rae]] | data-sort-value="1954" | 1954-07-16 | | [[Cill Gharbháin, Contae Chiarraí|Cill Gharbháin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2211 | [[Íomhá:Martin Kenny 2015 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Martin Kenny]] | data-sort-value="1971" | 1971-10-01 | | [[Sligeach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2212 | [[Íomhá:Kevin Boxer Moran.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Kevin Moran (polaiteoir)|Kevin Moran]] | data-sort-value="1963" | 1963-05-12 | | [[Baile Átha Luain]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2213 | [[Íomhá:Aindrias Moynihan.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Aindrias Moynihan]] | data-sort-value="1967" | 1967-10-17 | | [[Maigh Chromtha]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2214 | [[Íomhá:Josepha Madigan.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Josepha Madigan]] | data-sort-value="1970" | 1970-05-21 | | [[Carraig an tSionnaigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2215 | [[Íomhá:Denise Mitchell 2024 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Denise Mitchell]] | data-sort-value="1976" | 1976-11-22 | | [[An Chúlóg]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2216 | [[Íomhá:Tom Neville 2016.png|center|128px]] | [[Tom Neville (polaiteoir)|Tom Neville]] | data-sort-value="1975" | 1975-09-25 | | [[Luimneach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2217 | [[Íomhá:Margaret Murphy O'Mahony 2025 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Margaret Murphy O'Mahony]] | data-sort-value="1969" | 1969-10-07 | | [[Droichead na Bandan]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2218 | [[Íomhá:Eugene Murphy.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Eugene Murphy]] | data-sort-value="1965" | 1965-08-26 | | ''[[:d:Q1124843|Mainistir na Búille]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 2219 | [[Íomhá:Kate O'Connell in 2014.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Kate O'Connell]] | data-sort-value="1980" | 1980-01-03 | | [[Cill Bheagáin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2220 | [[Íomhá:Kevin O'Keeffe.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Kevin O'Keeffe]] | data-sort-value="1964" | 1964-03-09 | | [[Mala]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2221 | [[Íomhá:Carol Nolan 2015.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Carol Nolan]] | data-sort-value="1978" | 1978-05-23 | | [[Baile Mhic Ádaim]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2222 | [[Íomhá:Jim O'Callaghan.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Jim O'Callaghan]] | data-sort-value="1968" | 1968-01-05 | | [[Carraig an tSionnaigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2223 | [[Íomhá:Louise O'Reilly TD (32890052618) (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Louise O'Reilly]] | data-sort-value="1973" | 1973-09-27 | | [[Cromghlinn, BÁC|Cromghlinn]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2224 | [[Íomhá:Anne Rabbitte.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Anne Rabbitte]] | data-sort-value="1970" | 1970-04-11 | | [[Port Omna]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2225 | [[Íomhá:Donnchadh Ó Laoghaire 2014.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Donnchadh Ó Laoghaire (polaiteoir)|Donnchadh Ó Laoghaire]] | data-sort-value="1989" | 1989-06-14 | | ''[[:d:Q17104710|An Tóchar]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 2226 | [[Íomhá:Fiona O Loughlin 2025 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Fiona O'Loughlin]] | data-sort-value="1965" | 1965-09-08 | | [[Ráth Iomgháin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2227 | [[Íomhá:Niamh Smyth (portrait).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Niamh Smyth]] | data-sort-value="1972" | 1972-04-19 | | [[Muinchille]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2228 | [[Íomhá:Sabina Higgins.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Sabina Higgins]] | data-sort-value="1944" | 1944-05-07 | | [[Baile an Daighin, Contae Mhaigh Eo|Baile an Daighin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2229 | [[Íomhá:Cian O'Callaghan 2020.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Cian O’Callaghan]] | data-sort-value="1979" | 1979-05-10<br/>1979-05-07 | | [[Cill Fhionntain]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2230 | | [[Seán Mac Giobúin]] | data-sort-value="1992" | 1992-09-21 | | [[Áth Dara]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2231 | [[Íomhá:Lynn Ruane TD.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Lynn Ruane]] | data-sort-value="1984" | 1984-10-20 | | [[Tamhlacht]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2232 | [[Íomhá:Dee Forbes 2015 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Dee Forbes]] | data-sort-value="1967" | 1967-02 | | [[Drom Dhá Liag]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2233 | [[Íomhá:Alice-Mary Higgins.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Alice Mary Higgins]] | data-sort-value="1975" | 1975-06-17 | | [[Gaillimh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2234 | | [[Michael Lawson]] | data-sort-value="1997" | 1997 | | [[Cúil Darach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2235 | [[Íomhá:Fintan Warfield 2015.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Fintan Warfield]] | data-sort-value="1992" | 1992-03-16 | | [[Crois Araild]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2236 | [[Íomhá:Tim Lombard.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Tim Lombard]] | data-sort-value="1976" | 1976-02-17 | | [[Contae Chorcaí]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2237 | [[Íomhá:Jennifer Murnane O'Connor.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Jennifer Murnane-O'Connor]] | data-sort-value="1966" | 1966-05-24 | | [[Contae Cheatharlach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2238 | [[Íomhá:Aidan Davitt.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Aidan Davitt]] | data-sort-value="1978" | 1978-10-13 | | [[An Muileann gCearr]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2239 | [[Íomhá:Gerry Horkan.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Gerry Horkan]] | data-sort-value="1961" | 1961-07-22 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2240 | [[Íomhá:Maura Hopkins.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Maura Hopkins]] | data-sort-value="1984" | 1984-05-25 | | [[Bealach an Doirín]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2241 | [[Íomhá:Conor cleary.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Conor Cleary]] | data-sort-value="1994" | 1994 | | [[Sráid na Cathrach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2242 | [[Íomhá:Gary O'Donovan 2016.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Gary O'Donovan]] | data-sort-value="1992" | 1992-12-30 | | [[An Sciobairín]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2243 | | [[Aron Ó Seanachair]] | data-sort-value="1997" | 1997 | | [[Sionainn (baile)|Sionainn]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2244 | [[Íomhá:Rose Conway-Walsh (2024) (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Rose Conway-Walsh]] | data-sort-value="1969" | 1969-10-13 | | [[Béal an Mhuirthead]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2245 | [[Íomhá:Victor Boyhan 2025 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Victor Boyhan]] | data-sort-value="1961" | 1961-04-30 | | [[Dún Laoghaire]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2246 | [[Íomhá:Máire Devine 2015.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Máire Devine]] | data-sort-value="1972" | 1972-09-07 | | [[Na Saoirsí]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2247 | [[Íomhá:Paul Gavan 2016.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Paul Gavan]] | data-sort-value="1965" | 1965-11-29 | | [[Luimneach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2248 | [[Íomhá:Maria Byrne 2025 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Maria Byrne]] | data-sort-value="1967" | 1967-11-27 | | [[Luimneach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2249 | [[Íomhá:Lorraine Clifford-Lee.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Lorraine Clifford-Lee]] | data-sort-value="1972" | 1972-07-24 | | [[Port Láirge]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2250 | [[Íomhá:Catherine Ardagh.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Catherine Ardagh]] | data-sort-value="1982" | 1982-09-20 | | [[Cromghlinn, BÁC|Cromghlinn]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2251 | [[Íomhá:Keith Swanick.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Keith Swanick]] | data-sort-value="1974" | 1974-07-12 | | [[An Caisleán Riabhach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2252 | [[Íomhá:Neale Richmond 2016.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Neale Richmond]] | data-sort-value="1983" | 1983-03-15 | | [[Baile an tSaoir]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2253 | [[Íomhá:Colette Kelleher.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Colette Kelleher]] | data-sort-value="1960" | 1960-10-09 | | [[Maigh Chromtha]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2254 | [[Íomhá:Pádraig Ó Céidigh.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Pádraig Ó Céidigh]] | data-sort-value="1957" | 1957-01-02 | | [[Conamara]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2255 | | [[Seán de Brún]] | data-sort-value="1993" | 1993 | | ''[[:d:Q28232598|Baile Uí Aodha, Contae an Chláir]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 2256 | [[Íomhá:Anne Maria Waters.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Anne Marie Waters]] | data-sort-value="1977" | 1977-08-24 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2257 | | [[Daithí Ó Riada (An Clár)]] | data-sort-value="1993" | 1993 | | [[Inis (baile)|Inis]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2258 | | [[Diarmaid Ó Broin]] | data-sort-value="1994" | 1994 | | [[Tobar Phádraig]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2259 | | [[James Toher]] | data-sort-value="1993" | 1993 | | [[Baile Átha Troim]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2260 | [[Íomhá:Paul Daly.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Paul Daly]] | data-sort-value="1958" | 1958-01-19 | | [[Cill Bheagáin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2261 | [[Íomhá:John Dolan politician.jpg|center|128px]] | [[John Dolan]] | data-sort-value="1956" | 1956-01-13 | | [[Tiobraid Árann (baile)|Tiobraid Árann]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2262 | [[Íomhá:JoanFreemanPetaHousePressPack.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Joan Freeman]] | data-sort-value="1958" | 1958-04-02 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2263 | | [[Dónall Mac Cormaic]] | data-sort-value="1993" | 1993-01-28 | | [[Cluain Meala]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2264 | | [[Barra de Nais|Barry Nash]] | data-sort-value="1996" | 1996-12-31 | | [[Luimneach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2265 | | [[Seán Mac Clochaire]] | data-sort-value="1997" | 1997-08-25 | | [[Dúglas]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2266 | | [[Liam de Bluinsín]] | data-sort-value="1996" | 1996 | | [[Droichead Binéid]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2267 | | [[Damien Ó Ciaragáin]] | data-sort-value="1994" | 1994-01-11 | | [[Gaillimh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2268 | [[Íomhá:Adrian Tuohy (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Adrian Ó Tuathaigh]] | data-sort-value="1993" | 1993-05-14 | | [[Gaillimh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2269 | | [[Siobhán McSweeney]] | data-sort-value="1979" | 1979-12-27 | | [[Contae Chorcaí]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2270 | | [[Jamie Barron]] | data-sort-value="1993" | 1993 | | [[Port Láirge]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2271 | [[Íomhá:Enda O'Coineen (5).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Enda Ó Coinnín]] | data-sort-value="1955" | 1955-01-01 | | [[Gaillimh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2272 | [[Íomhá:Brendan Murray Kyiv 2017.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Brendan Murray]] | data-sort-value="1996" | 1996-11-16 | | [[Gaillimh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2273 | | [[David Byrne]] | | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2274 | | [[Gearóid Ó hÉigeartaigh]] | data-sort-value="1994" | 1994 | | [[Luimneach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2275 | [[Íomhá:Máirín Ní Dhonnchadha (NUI Galway) XIV International Congress of Celtic Studies Maynooth 2011.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Máirín Ní Dhonnchadha]] | data-sort-value="1957" | 1957 | | [[Contae Phort Láirge]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2276 | | [[Lúcás Miach]] | data-sort-value="1996" | 1996-10-29 | | [[Baile Níos]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2277 | | [[Aisling Ní Dhonnchadha]] | | | [[An tAonach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2278 | | [[Rory Keenan]] | data-sort-value="1980" | 1980-06-09 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2279 | | [[Matthew Hussey]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942 | | [[An Chathair, Contae Thiobraid Árann|An Chathair]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2280 | | [[Michael English]] | data-sort-value="1979" | 1979-04-23 | | [[Díseart Diarmada]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2281 | | [[Colm Ó Spealáin]] | data-sort-value="1993" | 1993-07-01 | | [[Caisleán Ó Liatháin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2282 | | [[Darragh Mac Giobúin]] | data-sort-value="1997" | 1997-04-01 | | [[An Ráth, Contae Chorcaí|An Ráth]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2283 | | [[Mícheál Ó Cathaláin]] | data-sort-value="1995" | 1995-06-17 | | [[Droichead na Bandan]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2284 | | [[Seán Mac Erlaine]] | data-sort-value="1976" | 1976-07-30 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2285 | | [[Marc Ó Colmáin]] | data-sort-value="1997" | 1997-12-23 | | [[An Bhlarna]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2286 | | [[Déin Ó Brosnacháin]] | data-sort-value="1991" | 1991-06-24 | | [[An Linn Dubh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2287 | | [[Roibeard Ó Floinn]] | data-sort-value="1997" | 1997-11-07 | | [[An Gleanntán]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2288 | [[Íomhá:Hayley Nolan Lewes FC Women 2 London City 3 14 02 2021-235 (50944207431) (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Hayley Nolan]] | data-sort-value="1997" | 1997-03-07 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2289 | | [[Barra Ó Cochláin]] | data-sort-value="1990" | 1990 | | [[Baile Gunnair]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2290 | | [[Darragh Ó Liatháin]] | data-sort-value="1997" | 1997 | | [[Dún Garbhán]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2291 | [[Íomhá:Caitriona Perry.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Caitríona Perry]] | data-sort-value="1980" | 1980-03-15 | | [[Ráth Maonais]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2292 | | [[Mac Shile Ó hAodha]] | data-sort-value="1998" | 1998 | | [[Cill Díoma]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2293 | | [[Seán Ó Finn]] | data-sort-value="1996" | 1996-01-24 | | [[An Brú]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2294 | | [[Aron Ó Giolláin]] | data-sort-value="1996" | 1996 | | [[Tobar Phádraig]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2295 | [[Íomhá:Nicola Coughlan in 2024.png|center|128px]] | [[Nicola Coughlan]] | data-sort-value="1987" | 1987-01-09 | | [[Gaillimh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2296 | | [[Conn Ó Ceallacháin]] | data-sort-value="1996" | 1996 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2297 | | [[Eiric na Leamhna]] | data-sort-value="1994" | 1994 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2298 | [[Íomhá:Mícheál Mac Donncha 2015.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Mícheál Mac Donncha]] | data-sort-value="1965" | 1965-03-11 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2299 | [[Íomhá:Aaron Connolly 26072025 (1).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Aaron Connolly]] | data-sort-value="2000" | 2000-01-28 | | [[Gaillimh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2300 | | [[Teresa Mannion]] | data-sort-value="1961" | 1961 | | ''[[:d:Q20855530|Baile Gall]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 2301 | | [[Seána Kerslake]] | data-sort-value="1992" | 1992-10-21 | | [[Tamhlacht]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2302 | [[Íomhá:Evanne Ní Chuilinn, Feb 2025 - 54319343593 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Evanne Ní Chuilinn]] | data-sort-value="1981" | 1981 | | [[Cill Chainnigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2303 | | [[Seán Ó Donnchú]] | data-sort-value="1996" | 1996-01-25 | | [[Inis Cara]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2304 | | [[Tadhg Ó Mathúna]] | data-sort-value="1997" | 1997-01-13 | | ''[[:d:Q7020800|Baile Nua Sheandroma]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 2305 | | [[Denise McCormack]] | | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2306 | [[Íomhá:David Clifford in action.jpg|center|128px]] | [[David Clifford]] | data-sort-value="1999" | 1999-01-22 | | [[Trá Lí]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2307 | | [[Níall Ó Scolaí]] | data-sort-value="1994" | 1994-04-19 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2308 | | [[Colm Basquel]] | data-sort-value="1996" | 1996 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2309 | | [[Evan Mac Cumascaigh]] | data-sort-value="1998" | 1998 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2310 | [[Íomhá:Tara Flynn.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Tara Flynn]] | data-sort-value="1969" | 1969 | | [[Contae Chorcaí]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2311 | | [[Lúc Ó Scannláin]] | data-sort-value="1996" | 1996-06-02 | | [[Cill Chainnigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2312 | | [[Risteard Ó Laocha]] | data-sort-value="1997" | 1997-03-13 | | [[Inis Tíog]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2313 | | [[Máirtín Ó Ceocháin]] | data-sort-value="1998" | 1998-12-09 | | [[Tulach Ruáin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2314 | | [[Darren Ó Braonáin]] | data-sort-value="1996" | 1996-11-13 | | [[Achadh Úr]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2315 | | [[Pádraig Ó Loinn]] | data-sort-value="1996" | 1996-12-02 | | [[Inis Tíog]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2316 | | [[Pádraig Ó Duíginn]] | data-sort-value="1995" | 1995-09-23 | | [[Cill Chainnigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2317 | | [[Catherine Corless]] | data-sort-value="1954" | 1954 | | [[Tuaim]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2318 | | [[Darach Ó Séaghdha]] | data-sort-value="1950" | 20th century | | [[Ráth Fearnáin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2319 | | [[Osgur Ó Ciardha]] | | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2320 | [[Íomhá:Harriet Scott (footballer) Lewes FC Women 0 Birmingham City 0 21 08 2022-595 (52303311389).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Harriet Scott]] | data-sort-value="1993" | 1993-02-10 | | [[Baile Coimín]]<br/>[[Reading, Berkshire|Reading]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2321 | | [[Georgia Drummy]] | data-sort-value="2000" | 2000-04-18 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2322 | [[Íomhá:Sally Rooney.png|center|128px]] | [[Sally Rooney]] | data-sort-value="1991" | 1991-02-20 | | [[Caisleán an Bharraigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2323 | [[Íomhá:Rhasidat Adeleke at 400m women Final Budapest 2023 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Rhasidat Adeleke]] | data-sort-value="2002" | 2002-08-29 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2324 | | [[Adrian Breen]] | data-sort-value="1992" | 1992-05-28 | | [[Luimneach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2325 | | [[Brian Ó hÓgáin (Tiobraid Árann)|Brian Ó hÓgáin]] | data-sort-value="1996" | 1996-07-09 | | [[Lothra]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2326 | | [[Seán Ó Conchúir]] | data-sort-value="1998" | 1998-10-01 | | [[Gleann Maghair]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2327 | [[Íomhá:Leanne Kiernan Lewes FC Women 0 West Ham Utd Women 5 pre season 12 08 2018-758 (43300204544) (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Leanne Kiernan]] | data-sort-value="1999" | 1999-04-27 | | [[Coill an Chollaigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2328 | | [[Risteard Inglis]] | data-sort-value="1995" | 1995 | | [[Dún Bleisce]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2329 | | [[Séamus Ó Flanagáin]] | data-sort-value="1997" | 1997 | | ''[[:d:Q4494222|An Fheothanach]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 2330 | | [[Darragh Ó Donnabháin]] | data-sort-value="1995" | 1995 | | ''[[:d:Q59726393|Úlla]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 2331 | | [[Grace O'Flanagan]] | data-sort-value="1989" | 1989-04-07 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2332 | | [[Yvonne O'Byrne]] | data-sort-value="1992" | 1992-01-02 | | [[Corcaigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2333 | | [[Nicola Evans]] | data-sort-value="1990" | 1990-01-17 | | [[Cluain Sceach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2334 | | [[Roisin Upton|Róisín Upton]] | data-sort-value="1994" | 1994-04-01 | | [[Luimneach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2335 | | [[Nicola Daly]] | data-sort-value="1988" | 1988-04-03 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2336 | | [[Aifric Mac Aodha]] | data-sort-value="1979" | 1979 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2337 | | [[Caitríona Ní Chléirchín]] | data-sort-value="1978" | 1978 | | [[Scairbh na gCaorach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2338 | | [[Éanna Ó Muireasa]] | data-sort-value="1994" | 1994 | | [[Droichead Binéid]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2339 | | [[Dónall Ó Muireasa]] | data-sort-value="1993" | 1993-04-20 | | [[Caisleán Uí Chonaill]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2340 | | [[Pádraig Ó Riain (iománaí)|Pádraig Ó Riain]] | data-sort-value="1995" | 1995 | | [[Dún Bleisce]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2341 | | [[Clíodhna Ní Lionáin]] | | | [[Cúil Ghréine]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2342 | | [[Bríd Ní Mhóráin]] | data-sort-value="1951" | 1951 | | [[Áth Trasna]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2343 | | [[Claire O'Riordan]] | data-sort-value="1994" | 1994-10-12 | | [[Luimneach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2344 | | [[Rory Ó Beagáin]] | data-sort-value="1992" | 1992-04-11 | | [[An Bhoth|Baile an Scotaigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2345 | [[Íomhá:Pódio Olímpico (boxe, feminino) (cropped - Harrington).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Kellie Harrington]] | data-sort-value="1989" | 1989-12-11 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2346 | [[Íomhá:Jane Ni Dhulchaointigh.jpeg|center|128px]] | [[Jane Ní Dhulchaointigh]] | | | [[Cill Chainnigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2347 | | [[Brian Ó hEadhra]] | | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2348 | | [[Niall Déiseach]] | data-sort-value="1994" | 1994 | | ''[[:d:Q28232598|Baile Uí Aodha, Contae an Chláir]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 2349 | | [[Karen Byrne]] | data-sort-value="1992" | 1992-05-30 | | [[Baile Formaid]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2350 | | [[Marc Mac Eochaidh]] | data-sort-value="1998" | 1998-09-09 | | [[Cill Síoláin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2351 | | [[John Nolan (damhsóir)|John Nolan]] | data-sort-value="1990" | 1990-07-07 | | [[Cill Chainnigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2352 | | [[Vincent Lambe]] | data-sort-value="1980" | 1980-12-01 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2353 | | [[Máire Treasa Ní Dhubhghaill]] | | | [[Conamara]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2354 | | [[Alan Dempsey]] | | | [[Contae Luimnigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2355 | | [[Ben Troy]] | | | [[Carraig Mhachaire Rois]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2356 | [[Íomhá:Bryan Dobson (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Bryan Dobson]] | data-sort-value="1960" | 1960-02-10 | | [[Dumhach Thrá]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2357 | | [[Seán Tadhg Ó Gairbhí]] | | | [[Ráth Caola]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2358 | [[Íomhá:Ógie Ó Céilleachair.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Ógie Ó Céilleachair]] | | | [[An Rinn (Contae Phort Láirge)|An Rinn]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2359 | | [[Heather Payne]] | data-sort-value="2000" | 2000-01-26 | | [[Béal Átha na Sluaighe]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2360 | | [[Fintan McCarthy (rámhaí)|Fintan McCarthy]] | data-sort-value="1996" | 1996-11-23 | | [[An Sciobairín]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2361 | [[Íomhá:Dermot Kennedy 7.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Diarmuid Ó Cinnéide|Dermot Kennedy]] | data-sort-value="1991" | 1991-12-13 | | [[Ráth Cúil, Baile Átha Cliath|Ráth Cúil]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2362 | | [[Naoise Dolan]] | data-sort-value="1992" | 1992 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2363 | | [[John Farrelly]] | data-sort-value="2000" | 2000-05-16 | | [[Droichead Átha]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2364 | | [[Seán Mac An Ultaigh|Seán Mac an Ultaigh]] | data-sort-value="1994" | 1994-06-28 | | [[Port Láirge]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2365 | [[Íomhá:Emma Dabiri, November 2021.png|center|128px]] | [[Emma Dabiri]] | data-sort-value="1979" | 1979-03-25 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2366 | | [[Alice Little]] | data-sort-value="1990" | 1990-05-03 | | [[Cúige Laighean]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2367 | [[Íomhá:Styopa Mkrtchyan, Adam Idah, Benoit Bastien YantsImages - Asatur Yesayants 688 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Adam Idah]] | data-sort-value="2001" | 2001-02-11 | | [[Corcaigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2368 | | [[Ciara Ní É]] | | | [[Cluain Tarbh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2369 | [[Íomhá:2019-06-29 1st FIG Artistic Gymnastics JWCH Women's Apparatus finals Vault Victory ceremony (Martin Rulsch) 23.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Jennifer Gadirova]] | data-sort-value="2004" | 2004-10-03 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2370 | [[Íomhá:Caoilinn hughes 8315752.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Caoilinn Hughes]] | data-sort-value="1985" | 1985 | | [[Gaillimh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2371 | [[Íomhá:Izzy Atkinson.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Isibeal Atkinson]] | data-sort-value="2001" | 2001-07-17 | | [[An Ros, Contae Bhaile Átha Cliath|An Ros]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2372 | | [[Jessica Ziu]] | data-sort-value="2002" | 2002-06-06 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2373 | | [[Sinéad Ní Uallacháin]] | | | ''[[:d:Q67050365|Baile an Éanaigh]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 2374 | [[Íomhá:Troy Parrott 2025.png|center|128px]] | [[Troy Parrott]] | data-sort-value="2002" | 2002-02-04 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2375 | | [[Emilie Pine]] | data-sort-value="1978" | 1978 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2376 | | [[Dáirine Ní Mheadhra]] | | | [[Corcaigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2377 | [[Íomhá:Cathal Berry 2020.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Cathal Berry]] | data-sort-value="1977" | 1977 | | [[Contae Phort Láirge]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2378 | [[Íomhá:Gavin Bazunu 22112025 (9).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Gavin Bazunu]] | data-sort-value="2002" | 2002-02-20 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2379 | [[Íomhá:EugeneMurtagh1234.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Eugene Murtagh]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942 | | [[Dún an Rí]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2380 | [[Íomhá:Paul Mescal at the Toronto International Film Festival in 2025 2 (cropped 2).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Paul Mescal]] | data-sort-value="1996" | 1996-02-02 | | [[Maigh Nuad]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2381 | [[Íomhá:Mark Ward Sinn Féin.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Mark Ward (polaiteoir)]] | data-sort-value="1974" | 1974 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2382 | [[Íomhá:Louisa harland diff 2021 1.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Louisa Harland]] | data-sort-value="1993" | 1993-01-31<br/>1994-01-31 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2383 | | [[Caitlín Ní Chualáin]] | | | [[Indreabhán]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2384 | | [[Peadar Ó Riada]] | data-sort-value="1954" | 1954-12 | | [[Cúil Aodha]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2385 | | [[Séamus Ó Coileáin (aistritheoir)|Séamus Ó Coileáin]] | | | [[Áth an tSléibhe]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2386 | [[Íomhá:Hazel Chu 2021 - 1 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Hazel Chu]] | data-sort-value="1980" | 1980 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2387 | | [[Maura Higgins]] | data-sort-value="1990" | 1990-11-25<br/>1990-10-25 | | [[Contae an Longfoirt]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2388 | | [[Áine Hensey]] | | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2389 | | [[John Beag Ó Flatharta]] | data-sort-value="1950" | 1950 | | [[Leitir Mealláin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2390 | | [[Mícheál de Mórdha]] | | | [[Dún Chaoin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2391 | [[Íomhá:Holly Cairns, April 2023 (headshot).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Holly Cairns]] | data-sort-value="1989" | 1989-11-04 | | [[Contae Chorcaí]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2392 | [[Íomhá:Ruairí Ó Murchú 2020.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Ruairí Ó Murchú]] | data-sort-value="1978" | 1978-05-03 | | [[Dún Dealgan]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2393 | [[Íomhá:Sorca Clarke 2020.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Sorca Clarke]] | data-sort-value="1978" | 1978 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2394 | [[Íomhá:Violet-Anne Wynne 2020.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Violet-Anne Wynne]] | data-sort-value="1988" | 1988 | | [[Cill Rois]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2395 | [[Íomhá:Mairéad Farrell 2014.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Mairéad Farrell (polaiteoir)|Mairéad Farrell]] | data-sort-value="1990" | 1990-01-06 | | [[Gaillimh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2396 | [[Íomhá:Pa Daly 2014.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Pa Daly]] | data-sort-value="1969" | 1969 | | [[Trá Lí]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2397 | [[Íomhá:Jennifer Carroll MacNeill 2020.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Jennifer Carroll MacNeill]] | data-sort-value="1980" | 1980-09-05 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2398 | [[Íomhá:Marc Ó Cathasaigh 2020.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Marc Ó Cathasaigh]] | data-sort-value="1977" | 1977-01-03 | | [[Port Láirge]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2399 | [[Íomhá:Christopher O'Sullivan 2020.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Christopher O’Sullivan|Christopher O'Sullivan]] | data-sort-value="1982" | 1982-06-02 | | [[Corcaigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2400 | [[Íomhá:Brian Leddin.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Brian Leddin]] | data-sort-value="1979" | 1979 | | [[Luimneach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2401 | [[Íomhá:Malcolm Noonan 2025 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Malcolm Noonan]] | data-sort-value="1966" | 1966 | | [[Port Láirge]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2402 | [[Íomhá:Claire Kerrane 2015.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Claire Kerrane]] | data-sort-value="1992" | 1992-04-24 | | [[Dún Gar]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2403 | [[Íomhá:Pauline Tully 2025 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Pauline Tully]] | data-sort-value="2000" | 20th century | | [[Cill na Leice]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2404 | [[Íomhá:Patrick Costello 2020.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Patrick Costello]] | data-sort-value="1980" | 1980-05-21 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2405 | [[Íomhá:Norma Foley.jpeg|center|128px]] | [[Norma Foley]] | data-sort-value="1970" | 1970 | | [[Trá Lí]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2406 | [[Íomhá:Verona Murphy at the Sitting of the 34th Dáil on 18 December 2024 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Verona Murphy]] | data-sort-value="1971" | 1971 | | ''[[:d:Q104271796|An Ghráinseach]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 2407 | [[Íomhá:Jennifer Whitmore 2024 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Jennifer Whitmore]] | data-sort-value="1974" | 1974-06 | | [[Loch Garman]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2408 | [[Íomhá:Emer Higgins, 2022.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Emer Higgins]] | data-sort-value="1983" | 1980s | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2409 | [[Íomhá:Joe Flaherty (politician).jpeg|center|128px]] | [[Joe Flaherty (polaiteoir)|Joe Flaherty]] | data-sort-value="1969" | 1969 | | [[An Muileann gCearr]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2410 | [[Íomhá:Steven Matthews 2020.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Steven Matthews]] | data-sort-value="1971" | 1971 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2411 | [[Íomhá:Valkyrie, January 2018 02 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Lyra Valkyria]] | data-sort-value="1996" | 1996-10-23 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2412 | [[Íomhá:Patricia Ryan 2020.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Patricia Ryan (polaiteoir)]] | data-sort-value="1969" | 1969-03-03 | | [[Baile Briotáis]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2413 | [[Íomhá:Duncan Smith 2020.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Duncan Smith (polaiteoir)|Duncan Smith]] | data-sort-value="1983" | 1983-05-17 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2414 | [[Íomhá:Paul Donnelly 2012.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Paul Donnelly]] | data-sort-value="1969" | 1969 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2415 | [[Íomhá:Roberto Lopes, Jan 2026 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Pico Lopes]] | data-sort-value="1992" | 1992-06-17 | | [[Cromghlinn, BÁC|Cromghlinn]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2416 | | [[Tony Holohan]] | | | [[Luimneach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2417 | [[Íomhá:Michael Ryan ESCAIDE 2019 (49198471961) (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Mike Ryan]] | data-sort-value="1965" | 1965 | | [[Sligeach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2418 | | [[Sorcha Richardson]] | data-sort-value="1990" | 1990 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2419 | [[Íomhá:Orla Comerford at the 2024 Summer Paralympics (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Orla Comerford]] | data-sort-value="1997" | 1997-09-14 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2420 | | [[Nan Tom Teaimín]] | | | [[Conamara]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2421 | | [[Máire Ní Chéileachair]] | | | ''[[:d:Q4481305|An Fearann]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 2422 | [[Íomhá:Richie Conroy at DIFF 2025.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Richie Conroy]] | | | [[Contae Chill Dara]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2423 | [[Íomhá:John Cummins (Irish politician).jpg|center|128px]] | [[John Cummins]] | data-sort-value="1988" | 1988 | | [[Port Láirge]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2424 | | [[Lyra (amhránaí)|Lyra]] | data-sort-value="1993" | 1993-05-19 | | [[Droichead na Bandan]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2425 | | [[Sibéal Davitt]] | data-sort-value="1989" | 1989 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2426 | [[Íomhá:CMAT, Brooklyn, March 2022 2 (cropped) (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[CMAT]] | data-sort-value="1996" | 1996-02-23 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2427 | [[Íomhá:Jamie Finn Lewes FC Women 0 Birmingham City 0 21 08 2022-717 (52303039536) (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Jamie Finn]] | data-sort-value="1998" | 1998-04-24 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2428 | | [[Niamh Farrelly]] | data-sort-value="1999" | 1999-04-15 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2429 | | [[Áine Ní Chíobháin]] | | | [[Corcaigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2430 | | [[Breandán 'ac Gearailt]] | | | [[Baile an Mhúraigh, Paróiste Mórdhach|Baile an Mhúraigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2431 | | [[Maud Cotter]] | data-sort-value="1954" | 1954 | | [[Loch Garman]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2432 | [[Íomhá:Rachael Blackmore on Aione 23 January 2020 at Gowran Park.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Rachael Blackmore]] | data-sort-value="1989" | 1989-07-11 | | ''[[:d:Q60555085|Cill Náile]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 2433 | [[Íomhá:Saoirse Noonan Durham 2023 (sq cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Saoirse Noonan]] | data-sort-value="1999" | 1999-07-13 | | [[Corcaigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2434 | | [[SON]] | data-sort-value="1990" | 1990-04-21 | | [[Inis (baile)|Inis]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2435 | | [[Bernadette Nic an tSaoir]] | | | [[Corcaigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2436 | [[Íomhá:Éanna Hardwick at TIFF 2025.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Éanna Hardwicke]] | data-sort-value="1996" | 1996-10-21 | | [[Corcaigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2437 | [[Íomhá:Katie McGreal.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Katie McGreal]] | | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2438 | [[Íomhá:Colm Bairéad DIFF Panel 1.png|center|128px]] | [[Colm Bairéad]] | data-sort-value="1981" | 1981 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2439 | | [[Diarmuid de Faoite]] | data-sort-value="1967" | 1967 | | [[Inis (baile)|Inis]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2440 | | [[Pádraig Ó Macháin]] | | | [[Lios Mór]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2441 | | [[Siún Ní Dhuinn]] | | | [[Dún Dealgan]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2442 | | [[Abbie Larkin]] | data-sort-value="2005" | 2005-04-27 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2443 | | [[Carol Cronin]] | | | [[Contae Chill Mhantáin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2444 | | [[Tadhg Ó Dúshláine]] | data-sort-value="1951" | 1951-06-06 | | [[Corcaigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2445 | | [[Séamas Ó hInnéirghe]] | data-sort-value="1918" | 1918 | | ''[[:d:Q104336077|Dumha Thuama]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 2446 | | [[Isobel Ní Riain]] | data-sort-value="1969" | 1969 | | [[Corcaigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2447 | | [[Eoin Ó Catháin]] | | | [[Contae an Chláir]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2448 | | [[Dáithí de Mórdha]] | | | [[Dún Chaoin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2449 | | [[Paddy Mhéime Ó Súilleabháin]] | data-sort-value="1944" | 1944 | | ''[[:d:Q81084492|Loch Conaortha]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 2450 | | [[Mairéad Ní Fhlatharta]] | | | ''[[:d:Q124513045|Baile an tSléibhe]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 2451 | | [[Niamh Ní Chróinín]] | | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2452 | | [[Aodán Ó Ceallaigh]] | | | [[An Rinn (Contae Phort Láirge)|An Rinn]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2453 | | [[Sorcha O'Raghallaigh]] | | | [[Contae Uíbh Fhailí]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2454 | | [[Simon Ó Faoláin]] | data-sort-value="1973" | 1973 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2455 | [[Íomhá:Gavan Reilly, 2023 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Gavan Reilly]] | | | ''[[:d:Q59721533|Ráth Moliain]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 2456 | | [[Joan Mallon]] | | | [[Contae Mhuineacháin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2457 | [[Íomhá:Deirdre Brennan poet.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Deirdre Brennan]] | data-sort-value="1934" | 1934 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2458 | | [[Jazzy (amhránaí)|Jazzy]] | data-sort-value="1996" | 1996-09-19 | | [[Cromghlinn, BÁC|Cromghlinn]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2459 | | [[Olan Monk]] | | | [[Indreabhán]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2460 | | [[Louisa Ní Éideáin]] | data-sort-value="1984" | 1984 | | [[Léim an Bhradáin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2461 | | [[Stephen O'Hanlon]] | | | [[Contae Mhuineacháin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2462 | | [[Roibeard Ó Cathasaigh]] | | | [[Lios Póil]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2463 | | [[Cormac Mac Gearailt]] | | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2464 | | [[Iarla Ó Muirthile]] | | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2465 | [[Íomhá:Anne Marie McMahon.png|center|128px]] | [[Anne Marie McMahon]] | | | [[Contae an Chláir]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2466 | | [[Síomha Ní Ruairc]] | data-sort-value="1950" | 20th century | | [[Contae na Gaillimhe]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2467 | | [[Johnny Mháirtín Learaí Mac Donnchadha]] | data-sort-value="1937" | 1937 | | [[Leitreach Ard]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2468 | | [[John Sheáin Dharach Seoige]] | | | ''[[:d:Q104321603|Ros Muc]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 2469 | [[Íomhá:Bambie Thug Eurovision Song Contest 2024 Dress rehearsal Final (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Bambie Thug]] | data-sort-value="1993" | 1993-03-06 | | [[Maigh Chromtha]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2470 | | [[Maidhc Cheannabháin]] | | | ''[[:d:Q104324152|An tÁth Buí]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 2471 | | [[Stiofán Ó Cualáin (amhránaí)|Stiofán Ó Cualáin]] | | | ''[[:d:Q124414504|Baile na Cille]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 2472 | | [[Conchubhar Ó Luasa]] | data-sort-value="1996" | 1996 | | ''[[:d:Q104298344|Screathan na nGabhann]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 2473 | | [[Sonaí Choilm Learaí Ó Conghaile]] | data-sort-value="1945" | 1945 | | ''[[:d:Q124447379|Cora Bhuí]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 2474 | | [[Róisín Chambers]] | | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2475 | | [[Edwina Guckian]] | | | [[Droim ar Snámh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2476 | [[Íomhá:Róisín Seoighe -Cath na ceathrú rua.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Róisín Seoighe]] | | | [[Ros an Mhíl]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2477 | | [[Shauna Bannon]] | data-sort-value="1993" | 1993-10-23 | | [[Tamhlacht]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2478 | | [[Seamas Ó hAoláin]] | | | [[An Baile Dubh, Contae Phort Láirge|An Baile Dubh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2479 | | [[Ciarán Ó hÓgartaigh]] | data-sort-value="1967" | 1967 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2480 | | [[Tadhg Hickey]] | | | [[Corcaigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2481 | | [[Síle Denvir]] | | | [[Indreabhán]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2482 | | [[Joni Crone]] | data-sort-value="1953" | 1953 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2483 | | [[Tara Howley]] | | | [[Cill Fhionnúrach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2484 | | [[Pádraig Rynne]] | | | [[Contae an Chláir]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2485 | | [[Marina Ní Dhubháin]] | | | [[An Daingean|Daingean Uí Chúis]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2486 | [[Íomhá:Nicholas Carolan-Irish Traditional Music Archive-364-0045-hinnerk-ruemenapf.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Nicholas Carolan]] | data-sort-value="1946" | 1946 | | [[Droichead Átha]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2487 | | [[Hilary Bowen-Walsh]] | | | [[Baile Easa Dara]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2488 | | [[Séaghan Ó Súilleabháin]] | data-sort-value="1999" | 1999 | | [[Cill Orglan]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2489 | [[Íomhá:Albert Dolan 2024.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Albert Dolan]] | data-sort-value="1998" | 1998-12-01 | | [[Gaillimh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2490 | [[Íomhá:Eoin Hayes, Dec 2024 (54195237786) (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Eoin Hayes]] | data-sort-value="1987" | 1987-02-18 | | [[Luimneach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2491 | | [[Mike Mac Domhnaill]] | | | ''[[:d:Q104311662|Cluain Cath]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 2492 | [[Íomhá:Barry Heneghan, Dec 2024 (54179143031) (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Barra Ó hÉanacháin]] | data-sort-value="1997" | 1997 | | [[Cluain Tarbh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2493 | | [[Tomás Ó Coileáin]] | | | [[Luimneach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2494 | | [[Doireann Ní Ghlacáin]] | | | [[Cluain Tarbh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2495 | | [[Muireann Ní Chíobháin]] | data-sort-value="1984" | 1984 | | [[Corcaigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2496 | | [[Cúán de Búrca]] | | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2497 | | [[Marie-Louise Nicholson]] | | | [[Tearmann Feichín]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2498 | | [[John Prendergast]] | | | [[Trá Lí]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2499 | | [[Seoirsín Bashford]] | | | [[Contae Mhaigh Eo]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2500 | | [[Seán Collins (amhránaí)|Seán Collins]] | | | [[Domhnach Bat]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2501 | | [[Cormac Ó Beaglaoich]] | | | [[Corca Dhuibhne]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2502 | | [[Majella Ní Dhomhnaill]] | | | [[Bré]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2503 | | [[Siobhán Peoples]] | | | [[Inis (baile)|Inis]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2504 | | [[Colm Broderick]] | | | [[Ceatharlach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2505 | | [[Izzy Kamikaze]] | | | [[Ceatharlach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2506 | | [[David Dunne]] | | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2507 | | [[Áine de Baróid]] | data-sort-value="1950" | 1950 | | [[Corcaigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2508 | | [[Colm Ó Cuaig]] | | | ''[[:d:Q112619831|Aill na Brón]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 2509 | | [[Rob Fell]] | | | [[Na Foidhrí]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2510 | | [[Labhrás Ó Finneadha]] | | | [[An Spidéal]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2511 | | [[Kathleen Loughnane]] | | | [[Contae Thiobraid Árann]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2512 | | [[Breda Hegarty]] | | | [[Beanntraí]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2513 | | [[Máirín Uí Chonchubhair]] | | | [[Dún Chaoin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2514 | | [[Seán Ó Maoilchiaráin]] | | | [[Áth an Choite]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2515 | [[Íomhá:Íte Ní Chionnaith.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Íte Ní Chionnaith]] | | | [[Inse Chór]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2516 | | [[Laura J. Pakenham]] | data-sort-value="2001" | 2001 | | [[Contae an Longfoirt]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2517 | | [[Éadaoin Fitzmaurice]] | | | [[An tInbhear Mór]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2518 | | [[Síomha Hennessy]] | | | [[Ráth Fearnáin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2519 | | [[Róisín O'Donovan]] | data-sort-value="1989" | 1989 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2520 | | [[Molly Daly]] | data-sort-value="2008" | 2008-03-26 | | [[Contae Chill Chainnigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2521 | | [[Síofra Ní Mhóráin]] | | | [[An Chúlóg]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2522 | [[Íomhá:Trevor Sargent.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Trevor Sargent]] | data-sort-value="1960" | 1960-07-26 | | [[Cill Dhéagláin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2523 | [[Íomhá:GrahamNorton-byPhilipRomano.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Graham Norton]] | data-sort-value="1963" | 1963-04-04 | | [[Cluain Dolcáin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2524 | [[Íomhá:2016-02-01 Rosanna Davison.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Rosanna Davison]] | data-sort-value="1984" | 1984-04-17 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2525 | [[Íomhá:Primordial Party.San 2016 16.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Alan Averill]] | data-sort-value="1975" | 1975-08-26 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2526 | [[Íomhá:2022 Michael D. Higgins (51988246304) (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Mícheál D. Ó hUigínn|Mícheál D. Ó hUiginn]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-04-18 | | [[Luimneach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2527 | [[Íomhá:Enda Kenny (2012) (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Enda Kenny|Éanna Ó Coinnigh]] | data-sort-value="1951" | 1951-04-24 | | [[Caisleán an Bharraigh]] |} == Misc == {| class='wikitable sortable' ! # ! íomhá ! nome ! dáta breithe ! dáta báis ! áit bhreithe |- | style='text-align:right'| 65 | [[Íomhá:Godfried Maes - The beheading of Saint Dymphna.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Naomh Damhnait]] | data-sort-value="700" | 7th century | data-sort-value="700" | 7th century | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éire]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1244 | [[Íomhá:Jedward do LA Marathon in Style - Los Angeles 2012 (6851710622).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Jedward]] | | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1430 | [[Íomhá:Dustin.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Dustin Turcaí]] | data-sort-value="1988" | 1988-11-13 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |} {{Wikidata list end}} {{Cómhaoin|Category:People of Ireland|Muintir na hÉireann}} {{síol-ie}} [[Catagóir:Daoine Éireannacha| ]] [[Catagóir:Grúpaí eitneacha in Éirinn]] [[Catagóir:Grúpaí eitneacha i dTuaisceart Éireann]] dhhgdxavjrf7m41eeboqriykgcn9vgv 0 26171 1321686 1321680 2026-07-26T12:48:09Z An Sionnach Rua 29036 Aistriúchán ar lean 1321686 wikitext text/x-wiki {{WD Bosca Sonraí Ainmhí Bheo}} [[File:A walk with the Tigress.webm|thumb|right|tíogar]] Is cat mór é an '''tíogar''' ('''''Panthera tigris''''')<ref name="Tearma">{{Cite web-en|url=https://www.tearma.ie/q/Panthera%20tigris/|title=“Panthera tigris” {{!}} téarma.ie|publisher=[[An Coiste Téarmaíochta]]|work=[[Téarma.ie]]: An Bunachar Náisiúnta Téarmaíochta don Ghaeilge|access-date=2023-06-26}}</ref><ref name="Linn1758" /> ar ball é den ghéineas ''[[Panthera]]'' a thagann ón [[An Áise|Áise]] ó dhúchas. Tá corp láidir agus matánach aige a bhfuil ceann agus lapaí móra, eireaball fada agus fionnadh flannbhuí le stríoca dubha atá ceartingearach don chuid is mó air. Rangaítear in naoi [[Fospeiceas|bhfospeiceas]] [[Holaicéineach|reatha]] é go traidisiúnta cé nach n-aithníonn roinnt daoine agus eagraíochtaí ach an dá fhospeiceas, tíogair na mórthíre Áisí agus tíogair oileáin na [[Oileáin Sunda|nOileán Sunda]]. Cuireann an tíogar faoi i bhforaoisí den chuid is mó, idir [[Foraois leathanduilleach agus mheasctha mheasartha|foraoisí leathanduilleacha agus measctha measartha]] agus [[Cónaiféar|buaircíneach]] i [[Cianoirthear na Rúise|gCianoirthear na Rúise]] agus [[Oirthuaisceart na Síne]] agus [[Foraois leathanduilleach thais thrópaiceach agus fhothrópaiceach|foraoisí leathanduilleacha taise trópaiceacha agus fothrópaiceacha]] i [[Fo-ilchríoch na hIndia|bhfo-ilchríoch na hIndia]] agus in [[Oirdheisceart na hÁise]]. Is [[buaicchreachadóir]] é an tíogar a chreachann [[Crúbach|crúbaigh]] roimh a ndéanann sé luíochán go príomha. Caitheann sé saol atá aonarach go hiondúil agus bíonn [[raon baile]] a chosnaíonn sé roimh indibhidiúil den ghnéas chéanna aige. Forluíonn raon an fhireannaigh raoin go leor baineannach lena chúplálann sé. De ghnáth, beireann an baineannach idir dhá agus trí choileán a fhanann lena máthair ar feadh dhá bhliain. Nuair a bhíonn na coileáin neamhspleách, fágann siad raon baile a máthar agus bunaíonn siad a raon féin. Ó bhlianta luaithe na fichiú haoise, is in ísle a ndeachaigh raon baile na dtíogar agus ar a laghad 93% dá raon stairiúil caillte acu; tá siad [[Díothú áitiúil|díothaithe go háitiúil]] in [[Iarthar na hÁise|Iarthar]] agus i [[Lár na hÁise]] agus i gcodanna móra na [[An tSín|Síne]] chomh maith leis na hoileáin [[Iáva]] agus [[Bailí]]. Tá raon an tíogair scoilte go dona sa lá atá inniu ann. Liostaítear mar [[Speiceas i mbaol (Stádas AICD)|speiceas i mbaol]] é ar [[Liosta Dearg an AICD de Speicis i mBaol]] mar meastar gur laghdaigh a raon idir 53% go 68% ó bhí na 1990idí déanacha ann. Tá go leor bagairtí móra ag cur le stádas reatha na dtíogar idir [[Scriosadh gnáthóige|scriosadh]] agus [[Ilroinnt gnáthóige|ilroinnt a ngnáthóige]] mar gheall ar [[Dífhoraoisiú|dhífhoraoisiú]], [[póitseáil]] ar son a bhfionnaidh agus trádáil mhídhleathach a gcodanna coirp ar mhaithe le cúrsaí leighis. Is íospartaigh na [[An choinbhleacht daonna-fiadhúlra|coinbhleachta daonna-fiadhúlra]] iad na tíogair fosta mar ionsaíonn agus creachann siad an beostoc i gceantair nach bhfuil mórán creach nádúrtha le fáil iontu. Tá cosaint dhlíthiúil ag an tíogar in chuile thír laistigh dá raon. Cuimsíonn cuir chuige náisiúnta pleananna gníomhaíochta, [[patróil fhrith-phóitseála]] agus scéimeanna monatóireachta líon na dtíogar. Bunaíodh [[Conair fhiadhúlra|conairí fiadhúlra]] i gcuid mhaith de na tíortha laistigh dá raon agus tá athbhunú tíogar pleanáilte iontu.<ref name=":3">{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Panthera tigris|url=https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/15955/214862019|date=2021-12-15|doi=10.2305/iucn.uk.2022-1.rlts.t15955a214862019.en|language=en|author=Goodrich, J., Wibisono, H., Miquelle, D., Lynam, A.J., Sanderson, E., Chapman, S., Gray, T.N.E., Chanchani, P. & Harihar, A.|journal=The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species|publisher=IUCN}}</ref> Tá an tíogar ar cheann de na [[Mórfhána carasmatach|mórfhánaí carasmatacha]] is mó a bhfuil tóir air ar fud an domhain. Bhíodh an tíogar i ngéibheann ón chéad lá riamh agus traenáladh é chun seónna a chur ar fáil i [[Sorcas|sorcais]] agus cláracha siamsaíochta eile. Chonacthas an tíogar go forleathan i [[miotaseolaíocht]] agus i [[Béaloideas|mbéaloideas]] ársa na gcultúr fud fad a raon stairiúil agus [[Léirithe cultúrtha an tíogair|chonacthas fós i gcultúr]] ar fud an domhain é sa lá atá inniu ann. == Sanasaíocht == Síolraíonn an [[Seanbhéarla]] ''tigras'' ón [[Seanfhraincis|tSeanfhraincis]] ''tigre'', ón [[An Laidin|Laidin]] ''tigris'', ar iasacht é de ''tigris'' ([[An tSean-Ghréigis|Sean-Ghréigis]]: τίγρις).<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|author=Liddell, H. G. & Scott, R. (Sir Henry Stuart Jones, Roderick McKenzie eag.)|date=1940|url=https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3Dti%2Fgris|title="τίγρις".|journal=A Greek-English Lexicon|publisher=Clarendon Press|location=Oxford|accessdate=21 Feabhra 2021}}</ref> Ón aimsir ársa, meastar go síolraíonn an focal ''tigris'' ón fhocal [[An Airméinis|Arméiniseach]] nó [[An Pheirsis|Pheirsiseach]] ar 'saighead' ar féidir leis a bheith ina bhunús d'ainm abhainn na [[An Tígris|Tigrise]].<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|author=Varro, M. T.; Kent, R. G.|date=1938|url=https://archive.org/details/onlatinlanguage01varruoft/page/96/mode/2up|title="De lingua latina" [On the Latin Language]|journal="XX. Ferarum vocabula" [XX. The names of wild beasts]|pages=lgh. 94-97|publisher=W. Heinemann|location=Londain}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Naming the Tiger in the Early Modern World|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/26560471|journal=Renaissance Quarterly|date=2017|issn=0034-4338|pages=977–1006|volume=70|issue=3|author=David Thorley|doi=10.1086/693884. JSTOR 26560471}}</ref> Sa lá atá inniu ann, áfach, glactar leis gur comhainm atá iontu agus nach bhfuil gaol ar bith ann idir ainm an ainmhí agus na habhann.<ref name=":0" /> == Tacsanomaíocht == Rinne an luibheolaí Sulannach [[Carl von Linné]] an chéad chur síos eolaíoch ar an tíogar ina shaothar ''[[Systema Naturae]]'', áit a fuair sé an [[Ainmníocht dhéthéarmach|t-ainm déthéarmach]] ''Felis tigris'', mar ba ghnách ag an am an géineas ''Felis'' a úsáid le haghaidh na cait ar fad. Bunaítear an [[cur síos eolaíoch]] ar chuir síos a rinne nádúraithe níos luaithe amhail [[Conrad Gessner]] agus [[Ulisse Aldrovandi]].<ref name="Linn1758">{{luaigh foilseachán|author=Linnaeus, C.|year=1758|title=[https://archive.org/stream/mobot31753000798865#page/41/mode/2up "Felis tigris"] Caroli Linnæi Systema naturæ per regna tria naturæ, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis|volume=Tomus I|location=Holmiae|publisher=Laurentius Salvius|language=la|issue=decima, reformata|pages=lch. 41}}</ref> Is in 1929 a chuir [[Reginald Innes Pocock]] an speiceas sa ghéineas ''[[Panthera]]'' faoin ainm dhéthéarmach ''Panthera tigris''.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|author=Pocock, R. I.|date=1929|title=Tigers|journal=Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society|volume=33|issue=3|pages=lgh. 505–541|url=https://archive.org/details/journalofbomb33341929bomb/page/n133}}</ref><ref name=":2" /> === Fospeiceas === {{Anchor|Pobail}}Moladh naoi [[Fospeiceas|bhfospeiceas]] tíogar [[Holaicéineach|reatha]] idir luathbhlianta na 19ú hAois agus na 21ú hAois agus is iad sin an [[tíogar Bheangál]], [[Tíogar Malaech|Malaech]], [[Tíogar Ind-Síneach|Ind-Síneach]], [[Tíogar na Síne Theas|na Síne Theas]], [[Tíogar Amúrach|Amúrach]], [[Tíogar Caispeach|Caispeach]], [[Tíogar Iávach|Iávach]], [[Tíogar Bailí|Bailí]] agus [[Tíogar Sumatrach|Sumatrach]].<ref name="MSW3">{{Luaigh foilseachán|author=[[W. Chris Wozencraft|Wozencraft, W. C.]]|date=2005|title=Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference|issue=3|publisher=Johns Hopkins University Press ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0. OCLC 62265494.|pages=lch. 546|coauthors=[http://www.departments.bucknell.edu/biology/resources/msw3/browse.asp?id=14000259 "Species ''Panthera tigris''"] In [[Don E. Wilson|Wilson, D. E.]]; Reeder, D. M. (eag.)|url=http://www.google.com/books?id=JgAMbNSt8ikC&pg=PA546}}</ref><ref name=Wilting2015/> Ceistíodh [[Bailíocht ainmnithe (zó-eolaíocht)|bailíocht]] cuid mhaith de na fospeicis mar bhí sé de nós an tráth sin iad a idirdhealú bunaithe ar dhath agus fhaid an fhionnaidh, patrúin stríoca agus méid na n-eiseamlár i mbailiúcháin [[Iarsmalann stair an dúlra|iarsmalanna stair an dúlra]] ar féidir nach n-ionadaíonn siad an pobal ar fad. Moladh gur cheart dhá fhospeiceas bailí tíogar a aithint, is iad sin ''P. t. tigris'' ar mhórthír na hÁise agus an speiceas níos lú ''P. t. sondaica'' sna [[Na hOileáin Sunda Mór|hOileáin Sunda Mór]].<ref name="Kitchener1999">Kitchener, A. (1999). "Tiger distribution, phenotypic variation and conservation issues" in {{harvnb|Seidensticker|Christie|Jackson|1999|lgh=19–39|lua=ref=Seidensticker, J.; Christie, S.; Jackson, P.}}, lgh. 19-39</ref> D'athdhearbhaíodh an moladh dhá fhospeicis arís sa bhliain 2015 trí anailís chuimsitheach a dhéanamh ar thréithe moirfeolaíocha, éiceolaíocha agus ADN miteacoindreacha (mtADN) chuile fhospeiceas toimhdean tíogar.<ref name="Wilting2015">{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Planning tiger recovery: Understanding intraspecific variation for effective conservation|url=https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4640610/|journal=Science Advances|date=Mí an Mheithimh 2015|issn=2375-2548|pmc=4640610|pmid=26601191|pages=e1400175|volume=1|issue=5|doi=10.1126/sciadv.1400175|author=Wilting, A.; Courtiol, A.; Christiansen, P.; Niedballa, J.; Scharf, A. K.; Orlando, L.; Balkenhol, N.; Hofer, H.; Kramer-Schadt, S.; Fickel, J. & Kitchener, A. C.}}</ref> In 2017, d'athbhreithnigh Tascfhórsa Catrangaithe Ghrúpa Sainréimse Cat an AICD tacsanomaíocht ''felid'' de réir an mholta dhá fhospeicis 2015 agus níor aithníodh ach ''P. t. tigris'' agus ''P. t. sondaica'' amháin.<ref name="catsg">{{Luaigh foilseachán|author=Kitchener, A. C.; Breitenmoser-Würsten, C.; Eizirik, E.; Gentry, A.; Werdelin, L.; Wilting, A.; Yamaguchi, N.; Abramov, A. V.; Christiansen, P.; Driscoll, C.; Duckworth, J. W.; Johnson, W.; Luo, S.-J.; Meijaard, E.; O'Donoghue, P.; Sanderson, J.; Seymour, K.; Bruford, M.; Groves, C.; Hoffmann, M.; Nowell, K.; Timmons, Z. & Tobe, S.|date=2017|url=https://repository.si.edu/bitstream/handle/10088/32616/A_revised_Felidae_Taxonomy_CatNews.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y#page=66|title=A revised taxonomy of the Felidae: The final report of the Cat Classification Task Force of the IUCN Cat Specialist Group (PDF).|journal=Cat News (Special Issue 11)|pages=lgh. 66-68}}</ref> Léirigh torthaí staidéar seicheamhaithe géinte iomláin 2018 de 32 sampla ón sé fhospeiceas toimhdean beo—an tíogar Bheangál, Malaech, Ind-Síneach, na Síne Theas, Amúrach agus Sumatrach—gur [[Clád|cláid]] shoiléire faoi leith iad.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Genome-Wide Evolutionary Analysis of Natural History and Adaptation in the World’s Tigers|url=https://www.cell.com/current-biology/abstract/S0960-9822(18)31214-4|journal=Current Biology|date=2018|issn=0960-9822|pmid=30482605|pages=3840–3849.e6|volume=28|issue=23|doi=10.1016/j.cub.2018.09.019|language=English|author=Liu, Y.-C.; Sun, X.; Driscoll, C.; Miquelle, D. G.; Xu, X.; Martelli, P.; Uphyrkina, O.; Smith, J. L. D.; O'Brien, S. J. & Luo, S.-J.}}</ref> Chomhthacaíodh leis na torthaí arís in 2021 agus 2023.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Recent Evolutionary History of Tigers Highlights Contrasting Roles of Genetic Drift and Selection|url=https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8136513/|journal=Molecular Biology and Evolution|date=2021|issn=1537-1719|pmc=8136513|pmid=33592092|pages=2366–2379|volume=38|issue=6|doi=10.1093/molbev/msab032|author=Armstrong, E. E.; Khan, A.; Taylor, R. W.; Gouy, A.; Greenbaum, G.; Thiéry, A; Kang, J. T.; Redondo, S. A.; Prost, S.; Barsh, G.; Kaelin, C.; Phalke, S.; Chugani, A.; Gilbert, M.; Miquelle, D.; Zachariah, A.; Borthakur, U.; Reddy, A.; Louis, E.; Ryder, O. A.; Jhala, Y. V.; Petrov, D.; Excoffier, L.; Hadly, E. & Ramakrishnan, U.}}</ref><ref name="Wang2023">{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Population genomic analysis provides evidence of the past success and future potential of South China tiger captive conservation|url=https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10111772/|journal=BMC biology|date=2023|issn=1741-7007|pmc=10111772|pmid=37069598|pages=64|volume=21|issue=1|doi=10.1186/s12915-023-01552-y|author=Wang, C.; Wu, D. D.; Yuan, Y. H.; Yao, M. C.; Han, J. L.; Wu, Y. J.; Shan, F.; Li, W. P.; Zhai, J. Q.; Huang, M; Peng, S. H.; Cai, Q .H.; Yu, J. Y.; Liu, Q. X.; Lui, Z. Y.; Li, L. X.; Teng, M. S.; Huang, W.; Zhou, J. Y.; Zhang, C.; Chen, W. & Tu, X. L.}}</ref> Léirigh staidéar sa bhliain 2023 go bhfuil bailíocht ag an naoi bhfospeiceas reatha ar fad.<ref name=":1">{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Ancient DNA reveals genetic admixture in China during tiger evolution|url=https://www.nature.com/articles/s41559-023-02185-8|journal=Nature Ecology & Evolution|date=2023-11|issn=2397-334X|pages=1914–1929|volume=7|issue=11|doi=10.1038/s41559-023-02185-8|language=en|author=Sun, X.; Liu, Y.-C.; Tiunov, M. P.; Gimranov, D. O.; Zhuang, Y.; Han, Y.; Driscoll, C. A.; Driscoll, C. A.; Pang, Y.; Li, C.; Pan, Y; Velasco, M. S.; Gopalakrishnan, S.; Yang, R.-Z.; Li, B.-G.; Jin, K.; Xu, X.; Uphyrkina, O.; Huang, Y.; Wu, X.-H.; Gilbert, M. T. P.; O'Brien, S. J.; Yamaguchi, N. & Luo, S.-J.}}</ref> Deir an Grúpa Sainréimse Cat "Given the varied interpretations of data, the [subspecific] taxonomy of this species is currently under review by the IUCN SSC Cat Specialist Group." nó i nGaeilge "Mar gheall ar na léirmhínithe éagsúla ar an dáta, tá Grúpa Sainréimse Cat SSC an AICD ag déanamh athbhreithnithe ar thacsanomaíocht [fospeiceasach] an speicis seo".<ref>{{Lua idirlín|teideal=Tiger|url=http://www.catsg.org/index.php?id=124|work=www.catsg.org|dátarochtana=2025-11-27|language=|údar=CatSG|archivedate=2014-11-12|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141112171012/http://www.catsg.org/index.php?id=124}}</ref> Tá na táblaí thíos bunaithe ar [[Tacsanomaíocht (bitheolaíocht)|rangú]] an tíogair mar a bhí in 2005<ref name=MSW3/> agus tugann siad rangú 2017 an Tascfhórsa Catrangaithe le fios chomh maith.<ref name=catsg/>{{clear}} {| class="wikitable" |+ style="text-align: centre;" | ''Panthera tigris tigris'' {{small|(Linnaeus, 1758)}}<ref name=Linn1758/> ! Pobal !! Cur síos !! Íomhá |- style="vertical-align: top;" | [[Tíogar Bheangál]] {{small|ainm déthéarmach ''P. t. tigris'' (von Linné, 1758)}}<ref name="Linn1758" /> | | Cuireann an pobal seo faoi ar [[fo-ilchríoch na hIndia|fho-ilchríoch na hIndia]].<ref name="Jackson1996">{{Luaigh foilseachán|author=Nowell, K. & Jackson, P.|date=1996|url=https://portals.iucn.org/library/sites/library/files/documents/1996-008.pdf#page=80|title="Tiger, Panthera tigris (Linnaeus, 1758)" (PDF).|volume=|pages=lgh. 55-65|publisher=IUCN. ISBN 2-8317-0045-0|location=Gland, Switzerland|journal=Wild Cats: Status Survey and Conservation Action Plan}}</ref> Tá fionnadh níos giorra ar an tíogar Bheangál ná mar atá orthu níos faide ó thuaidh<ref name=":2">{{Luaigh foilseachán|author=Pocock, R. I.|date=1939|url=https://archive.org/stream/PocockMammalia1/pocock1#page/n247/mode/2up|title="Panthera tigris"|journal=The Fauna of British India, Including Ceylon and Burma. Vol. Mammalia|volume=Vol. 1|pages=lgh. 197–210|publisher=T. Taylor and Francis, Ltd|location=Londain}}</ref>, le dath idir [[ciarbhuí]] agus cróchdhearg air<ref name=":2" /><ref>{{cite report|title=Indian National Studbook of the Bengal Tiger (''Panthera tigris tigris'') |publisher=Central Zoo Authority, Wildlife Institute of India |date=2011 |url=https://cza.nic.in/uploads/documents/studbooks/english/Bengal%20Tiger%20Studbook%202011.pdf |last1=Srivastav|first1=A. |last2=Malviya |first2=M. |last3=Tyagi |first3=P. C.|last4=Nigam |first4=P. |name-list-style=amp |access-date=27 May 2024}}</ref> agus polláirí atá measartha fada agus caol.<ref name="Mazák2010"/> | |[[File:Adult male Royal Bengal tiger.jpg|frameless]] |- style="vertical-align: top;" | [[Extinction|†]] [[Tíogar Caispeach]] {{small|ainm déthéarmach ''P. t. virgata'' ([[Johann Karl Wilhelm Illiger|Illiger]], 1815)}}<ref name="Illiger">{{Luaigh foilseachán|author=Illiger, K.|date=1815|title=Überblick der Säugethiere nach ihrer Verteilung über die Welttheile|journal=Abhandlungen der Königlichen Preußischen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin 1804–1811|pages=lgh. 39-159|publisher=Realschul-Buchhandlung|location=Berlin|url=https://bibliothek.bbaw.de/digitalisierte-sammlungen/akademieschriften/ansicht-akademieschriften?tx_bbaw_academicpublicationshow%5Baction%5D=show&tx_bbaw_academicpublicationshow%5Bcontroller%5D=AcademicPublication%5CVolume&tx_bbaw_academicpublicationshow%5Bpage%5D=195&tx_bbaw_academicpublicationshow%5Bvolume%5D=85&cHash=f015ec3f9a13240a9559ebdcb88aafa4}}</ref> | |Bhíodh an pobal seo ag cur faoi ón Túirc go dtí an [[Muir Chaisp|Mhuir Chaisp]].<ref name=Jackson1996/> Bhí fionnadh geal meirgeach rua air le stríoca tanaí a bhí an-ghar dá gcéile<ref>{{Harvnb|Sludskii|1992}}, lch. 137.</ref> agus [[cnámh cúlphlaice]] leathan.<ref name=Kitchener1999/> Nocht anailís ghéiniteach gur garghaol leis an tíogar Amúrach a bhí ann.<ref name="Driscoll2009">{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Mitochondrial Phylogeography Illuminates the Origin of the Extinct Caspian Tiger and Its Relationship to the Amur Tiger|url=https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0004125|journal=PLOS ONE|date=14 Ean 2009|issn=1932-6203|pmc=2624500|pmid=19142238|pages=e4125|volume=4|issue=1|doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0004125|language=en|author=Driscoll, C. A.; Yamaguchi, N.; Bar-Gal, G. K.; Roca, A. L.; Luo, S.; MacDonald, D. W. & O'Brien, S. J.}}</ref> Tá pobal an tíogair seo díothaithe ó bhí na 1970idí ann.<ref name=Seidensticker1999/> | |[[File:Panthera tigris virgata.jpg|frameless]] |- style="vertical-align: top;" | [[Tíogar Amúrach]] {{small|ainm déthéarmach ''P. t. altaica'' ([[Coenraad Jacob Temminck|Temminck]], 1844)}}<ref name="Temminck">{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Aperçu général et spécifique sur les Mammifères qui habitent le Japon et les Iles qui en dépendent|url=https://archive.org/details/faunajaponicasi00sieb/page/43|publisher=Lugduni Batavorum : Apud Auctorem|date=1844|coauthors=In Siebold, P. F. v.; Temminck, C. J.; Schlegel, H. (eag.).; Museum of Comparative Zoology Harvard University|author=Siebold, P. F. v.; Haan, W. de.; Temminck, C. J.; Schlegel, H.|journal=Fauna japonica, sive, Descriptio animalium, quae in itinere per Japoniam, jussu et auspiciis, superiorum, qui summum in India Batava imperium tenent, suscepto, annis 1823-1830|location=Leiden}}</ref> | |Tá cónaí ar an phobal seo tíogar i [[Cianoirthear na Rúise|gCianoirthear na Rúise]], in [[Oirthuaisceart na Síne]] agus b'fhéidir sa [[An Chóiré Thuaidh|Chóiré Thuaidh]].<ref name=Jackson1996/> Tá gruaig fhada agus fionnadh tiubh ar an tíogar Amúrach.<ref name=Temminck/> Athraíonn a dhath talún ó [[ócar]]-buí sa gheimhreadh go dath atá níos rua agus níos beoga tar éis dó a fhionnadh a chur.<ref>{{Harvnb|Sludskii|1992}}, lch. 131.</ref> Tá an blaosc níos giorra agus níos leithne ná blaoscanna na dtíogar ó dheas.<ref name="Mazák2010">{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Craniometric variation in the tiger (Panthera tigris): Implications for patterns of diversity, taxonomy and conservation|url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1616504708000621|journal=Mammalian Biology|date=2010-01-01|issn=1616-5047|pages=45–68|volume=75|issue=1|doi=10.1016/j.mambio.2008.06.003|author=Ji H. Mazák}}</ref> | |[[File:P.t.altaica Tomak Male.jpg|frameless]] |- style="vertical-align: top;" | [[Tíogar na Síne Theas]] {{small|ainm déthéarmach ''P. t. amoyensis'' ([[Max Hilzheimer|Hilzheimer]], 1905)}}<ref name=Hilzheimer>{{cite journal |last=Hilzheimer |first=M. |date=1905 |title=Über einige Tigerschädel aus der Straßburger zoologischen Sammlung |journal=Zoologischer Anzeiger |volume=28 |pages=594–599 |url=https://archive.org/details/zoologischeranze28deut/page/596}}</ref> | |Bhí an tíogar seo le fáil ó dheas i lár na Síne.<ref name=Jackson1996/> Bhí blaoscanna ag an chúig [[Eiseamláir an chineáil|eiseamláir cineáil]] a raibh fiacla [[Fiacla carnasacha|carnasacha]] agus [[cúlfhiacail]] níos giorra acu ná tíogair ón India, cráiniam níos lú, [[logall súile]] a luigh níos gaire dá gcéile le [[Starr iar-logall súile|stairr iar-logall súile]] níos mó; bhíodh a chraicinn sách buí le stríoca a bhí cosúil le [[rombas]].<ref name=Hilzheimer/> Tá [[haplaitíopa]] mtADN faoi leith aige de bharr a phóraithe le seanghinealaigh tíogar.<ref name=catsg/><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":4">{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=An extinct and deeply divergent tiger lineage from northeastern China recognized through palaeogenomics|url=https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9326283/|journal=Proceedings. Biological Sciences|date=2022-07-27|issn=1471-2954|pmc=9326283|pmid=35892215|pages=20220617|volume=289|issue=1979|doi=10.1098/rspb.2022.0617|author=Jiaming Hu, Michael V. Westbury, Junxia Yuan, Chunxue Wang, Bo Xiao, Shungang Chen, Shiwen Song, Linying Wang, Haifeng Lin, Xulong Lai, Guilian Sheng}}</ref> Tá sé díothaithe san fhiántas mar nach bhfacthas go hoifigiúil ó bhí na 1970idí ann,<ref name=":3" /> agus ní mhaireann sé ach i ngéibheann anois.<ref name=Wang2023/> | |[[File:2012 Suedchinesischer Tiger.JPG|frameless]] |- style="vertical-align: top;" | [[Tíogar Ind-Síneach]] {{small|ainm déthéarmach ''P. t. corbetti'' ([[Vratislav Mazák|Mazák]], 1968)}}<ref name="Mazak1968">{{cite journal |last=Mazák|first=V.|date=1968|title=Nouvelle sous-espèce de tigre provenant de l'Asie du sud-est|journal=Mammalia|volume=32|issue=1|pages=104–112|doi=10.1515/mamm.1968.32.1.104}}</ref> | |Faightear pobal an tíogair seo ar an [[Leithinis Ind-Síneach]].<ref name=Jackson1996/> Tá cráiniam níos lú ná ceann an tíogair Bheangál ag eiseamláir an tíogair Ind-Sínigh agus is cosúil go bhfuil fionnadh níos dorcha le stríoca níos tanaí orthu.<ref name=Mazak1968/><ref name="mazak06">{{cite journal|last1=Mazák|first1=J. H.|last2=Groves|first2=C. P.|name-list-style=amp|date=2006|title=A taxonomic revision of the tigers (''Panthera tigris'') of Southeast Asia|journal=Mammalian Biology|volume=71|issue=5|pages=268–287|doi=10.1016/j.mambio.2006.02.007|bibcode=2006MamBi..71..268M|url=http://www.dl.edi-info.ir/A%20taxonomic%20revision%20of%20the%20tigers%20of%20Southeast%20Asia.pdf|access-date=15 January 2024|archive-date=31 May 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230531133543/http://www.dl.edi-info.ir/A%20taxonomic%20revision%20of%20the%20tigers%20of%20Southeast%20Asia.pdf|url-status=live|author=Mazák, J. H. & Groves, C. P.}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230531133543/http://www.dl.edi-info.ir/A%20taxonomic%20revision%20of%20the%20tigers%20of%20Southeast%20Asia.pdf |date=31 Bealtaine 2023 }}</ref> | |[[File:Panthera tigris corbetti (Tierpark Berlin) 832-714-(118).jpg|frameless]] |- style="vertical-align: top;" | [[Tíogar Malaech]] {{small|ainm déthéarmach ''P. t. jacksoni'' (Luo et al., 2004)}}<ref name="Luo04">{{cite journal |date=2004|title=Phylogeography and genetic ancestry of tigers (''Panthera tigris'')|journal=[[PLOS Biology]]|volume=2|issue=12|pmid=15583716|pmc=534810|doi=10.1371/journal.pbio.0020442|author=Luo, S.-J.; Kim, J.-H.; Johnson, W. E.; van der Walt, J.; Martenson, J.; Yuhki, N.; Miquelle, D. G.; Uphyrkina, O.; Goodrich, J. M.; Quigley, H. B.; Tilson, R.; Brady, G.; Martelli, P.; Subramaniam, V.; McDougal, C.; Hean, S.; Huang, S.-Q.; Pan, W.; Karanth, U. K.; Sunquist, M.; Smith, J. L. D. & O'Brien, S. J.|pages=e442}}</ref> | |Moladh an tíogar Malaech mar fhospeiceas faoi leith bunaithe ar dhifríocht idir a mtADN agus a mhionsheichimh satailíte agus iad an tíogair Ind-Sínigh.<ref name=Luo04/> Níl difríocht rómhór idir dath a fhionnaidh ná méid a bhlaoisc agus iad an tíogair Ind-Sínigh ach an oiread.<ref name=mazak06/> Níl aon teorainn shoiléir idir phobail tíogar i dtuaisceart na [[An Mhalaeis|Malaeise]] agus deisceart na [[An Téalainn|Téalainne]].<ref name=":3" /> | |[[File:2012-09-15 Tierpark Berlin 26 (cropped).jpg|frameless]] |} {| class="wikitable" |+ style="text-align: centre;" | ''Panthera tigris sondaica'' {{small|(Temminck, 1844)}}<ref name=catsg/> ! Pobal !! Cur síos !! Íomhá |- style="vertical-align: top;" | †[[Tíogar Iávach]] {{small|ainm déthéarmach ''P. t. sondaica'' (Temminck, 1944)}}<ref name=Temminck/> | |Rinneadh cur síos ar an tíogar seo bunaithe ar líon seithí anaithnid a raibh gruaig ghearr mhín orthu.<ref name=Temminck/> Bhí na tíogair de bhunadh [[Iáva]] measartha beag i gcomparáid le tíogair na mórthíre Áisí, bhí blaoscanna sách fada acu i gcomparáid leis an tíogar Shumatrach agus bhí stríoca níos faide, níos tanaí agus níos iomadúla acu.<ref name=mazak06/> Meastar go bhfuil pobal an tíogair Iávaigh díothaithe ó bhí na 1980idí ann. <ref name=Seidensticker1999/> | |[[File:COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM Een groep mannen en kinderen poseert bij een pas geschoten tijger te Malingping in Bantam West-Java TMnr 10006636.jpg|frameless]] |- style="vertical-align: top;" | †[[Tíogar Bailí]] {{small|ainm déthéarmach ''P. t. balica'' ([[Ernst Schwarz (zoologist)|Schwarz]], 1912)}}<ref name=Schwarz>{{cite journal |last=Schwarz |first=E. |date=1912 |title=Notes on Malay tigers, with description of a new form from Bali |journal=Annals and Magazine of Natural History |pages=324–326 |series=8 |volume=10 |issue=57 |doi=10.1080/00222931208693243 |url=https://archive.org/stream/annalsmagazineof8101912lond#page/324/mode/2up}}</ref> | | Bhíodh an tíogar seo le fáil ar [[Bailí|Bhailí]] agus bhí fionnadh níos gile air agus blaosc níos lú aige ná mar a bhí ag an tíogar Iávach.<ref name=Schwarz/><ref name="der-tiger">{{cite book |author=Mazak, V.|year=2004|title=''Der Tiger''|publisher=Westarp Wissenschaften Hohenwarsleben|location=Madgeburg|isbn=978-3-89432-759-0|language=de}}</ref> Gné tipicúil de bhlaoisc an tíogair Bhailí ná an cnámh cúlphlaice caol atá cosúil le blaosc an tíogar Iávach.<ref>{{cite journal |date=1978|title=Skin and Skull of the Bali Tiger, and a list of preserved specimens of ''Panthera tigris balica'' (Schwarz, 1912)|journal=[[Zeitschrift für Säugetierkunde]]|volume=43|issue=2|pages=108–113|author=Mazák, V.; Groves, C. P. & Van Bree, P.}}</ref> Tá an pobal seo díothaithe ó bhí na 1940idí ann.<ref name="Seidensticker1999">{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Riding the tiger : tiger conservation in human-dominated landscapes|url=http://archive.org/details/ridingtigertiger00unse|publisher=[London] : Zoological Society of London; Cambridge [England]; New York : Cambridge University Press|date=1999|coauthors=Better World Books|author=Seidensticker, J.; Christie, S. & Jackson, P.|pages=lgh. xv-xx}}</ref> | |[[File:Bali tiger zanveld.jpg|frameless]] |- style="vertical-align: top;" | [[Tíogar Sumatrach]] {{small|ainm déthéarmach ''P. t. sumatrae'' ([[Reginald Innes Pocock|Pocock]], 1929)}}<ref name=Pocock1929>{{cite journal |last=Pocock |first=R. I. |date=1929 |title=Tigers |journal=[[Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society]] |volume=33 |pages=505–541 |url=https://archive.org/details/journalofbomb33341929bomb/page/n185}}</ref> | Bhí fionnadh dorcha ar an chéad eiseamlár den tíogar seo arb as [[Sumatra]] dó.<ref name=Pocock1929/> Tá gruaig sách fada um aghaidh an tíogair Shumatraigh<ref name=Jackson1996/> agus tá stríoca tiubha coirp chomh maith le [[cnámh sróine]] níos leithne agus níos lú aige ná mar atá ag na tíogair oileáin eile.<ref name=mazak06/> | |[[File:Panthera tigris sumatrae (Sumatran Tiger) close-up.jpg|frameless]] |} === Éabhlóid === {{Cladogram|{{clade |label1=''[[Panthera]]'' |1={{clade |1={{clade |1=[[Liopard sneachta]] [[File:Schneeleoparden (Panthera uncia) Zoo Salzburg 2014 f white background.jpg|70px]] |2='''Tíogar''' [[File:Tigress in Bandhavgarh NP white background.jpg|70px]] }} |2={{clade |1=[[Iaguar]] [[File:Jaguar (Panthera onca palustris) male Three Brothers River white background.JPG|70px]] |label2=&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |2={{clade |1=[[Liopard]] [[File:Flickr - Rainbirder - Sassy Lassy white background.jpg|70px]] |2=[[Leon]] [[File:Panthera leo -Ngorongoro, Tanzania-8b white background.jpg|70px]] }} }} }} }}|align=right|caption=Fíligineacht an ghéinis ''Panthera'' bunaithe ar staidéar [[ADN núicléach]] ó 2016<ref name=Li_al2016>{{cite journal |date=2016 |title=Phylogenomic evidence for ancient hybridization in the genomes of living cats (Felidae) |journal=Genome Research |volume=26 |issue=1 |pages=1–11 |doi=10.1101/gr.186668.114 |pmid=26518481 |pmc=4691742|author=Li, G.; Davis, B. W.; Eizirik, E.; Murphy, W. J.}}</ref>}}Roinneann an tíogar an géineas ''Panthera'' leis an [[leon]], an [[liopard]], an [[iaguar]] agus an [[liopard sneachta]]. Léiríonn torthaí anailísí ginideacha gur [[comhspeiceas]] iad an tíogar agus an liopard sneachta agus gur scar a [[Ginealach|nginealaigh]] óna gcéile idir 2.70 agus 3.70 milliún bliain ó shin.<ref>{{cite journal |title=Supermatrix and species tree methods resolve phylogenetic relationships within the big cats, ''Panthera'' (Carnivora: Felidae)|url=https://archive.org/details/molecular-phylogenetics-and-evolution_2010-07_56_1/page/68|journal=Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution|year=2010|volume=56|issue=1|pages=64–76|pmid=20138224|doi=10.1016/j.ympev.2010.01.036|bibcode=2010MolPE..56...64D|author=Davis, B. W.; Li, G. & Murphy, W. J.}}</ref> Léiríonn seicheamhú géinte iomláin an tíogair [[Athsheicheamh|athsheichimh]] atá ar chomhthreomhar leo i ngéanóm na gcat eile.<ref>{{Cite journal |title=The tiger genome and comparative analysis with lion and snow leopard genomes|doi=10.1038/ncomms3433|pmid=24045858|pmc=3778509|journal=Nature Communications|volume=4|year=2013|bibcode=2013NatCo...4.2433C|author=Cho, Y. S.; Hu, L.; Hou, H.; Lee, H.; Xu, J.; Kwon, S.; Oh, S.; Kim, H. M.; Jho, S.; Kim, S.; Shin, Y. A.; Kim, B. C.; Kim, H.; Kim, C. U.; Luo, S. J.; Johnson, W. E.; Koepfli, K. P.; Schmidt-Küntzel, A.; Turner, J. A.; Marker, L.; Harper, C.; Miller, S. M.; Jacobs, W.; Bertola, L. D.; Kim, T. H.; Lee, S.; Zhou, Q.; Jung, H. J.; Xu, X. & Gadhvi, P.|pages=2443}}</ref> Rinneadh cur síos ar an speiceas iontaiseach ''[[Panthera palaeosinensis]]'' ón [[Pléisticéineach|Phléisticéineach]] luath i dtuaisceart na Síne mar shinsear féideartha tíogair nuair a aimsíodh é in 1924 ach creideann cláidistíocht an lae inniu go [[Bonnach (fíliginiteach)|bonnspeiceas]] é i gcomparáid le ''Panthera'' na linne seo.<ref name="Mazák">{{cite journal |year=2011|title=Oldest Known Pantherine Skull and Evolution of the Tiger|journal=PLOS ONE|volume=6|issue=10|doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0025483|pmid=22016768|bibcode=2011PLoSO...625483M|pmc=3189913|author=Mazák, J. H.; Christiansen, P. & Kitchener, A. C.|pages=25483}}</ref><ref name="Tseng">{{cite journal |date=2014|title=Himalayan fossils of the oldest known pantherine establish ancient origin of big cats|journal=Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences|volume=281|issue=1774|doi=10.1098/rspb.2013.2686|pmid=24225466|pmc=3843846|author=Tseng, Z. J.; Wang, X.; Slater, G. J.; Takeuchi, G. T.; Li, Q.; Liu, J. & Xie, G.}}</ref> Bhí ''[[Panthera zdanskyi]]'' ina chónaí ann thart ar an am agus an áit chéanna agus moladh gur comhspeiceas leis an tíogar reatha a bhí ann nuair a imscrúdaíodh é sa bhliain 2014.<ref name=Mazák/> Ó 2023 ar aghaidh, áfach, meastar gur comhchiallach é ''P. palaeosinensis'' de ''P. zdanskyi'' in dhá staidéar a rinneadh ina dhiaidh sin nuair a thug siad faoi deara go luíonn na difríochtaí atá aige ón speiceas sin laistigh de réimse na n-éagsúlachtaí indibhidiúla.<ref>{{cite journal |title=The identity of the "lion", ''Panthera principialis'' sp. nov., from the Pliocene Tanzanian site of Laetoli and its significance for molecular dating the pantherine phylogeny, with remarks on Panthera shawi (Broom, 1948), and a revision of Puma incurva (Ewer, 1956), the Early Pleistocene Swartkrans "leopard" (Carnivora, Felidae)|url=|journal=Palaeobiodiversity and Palaeoenvironments|year=2023|volume=103|issue=2|pages=465–487|doi=10.1007/s12549-022-00542-2|bibcode=2023PdPe..103..465H|author=Hemmer, Helmut}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|doi=10.1080/08912963.2022.2034808|title=Discovery of jaguar from northeastern China middle Pleistocene reveals an intercontinental dispersal event|date=2023|journal=Historical Biology|volume=35|issue=3|pages=293–302|bibcode=2023HBio...35..293J|author=Jiangzuo, Q.; Wang, Y.; Ge, J.; Liu, S.; Song, Y.; Jin, C.; Jiang, H. & Liu, J.}}</ref> Is iad blúirí géill a aimsíodh in [[Lantian County|Lantion]] na Síne an nochtadh is luaithe den tíogar reatha sa taifead iontaiseach a théann siar go dtí an Pléisticéineach luath.<ref name=Mazák/> Aimsíodh iontaisí tíogair ón Mheán- go dtí an Luathphléisticéineach fud fad na Síne, Iáva agus Sumatra. I measc na bhfospeiceas réamhstairiúil tá ''[[Panthera tigris trinilensis]]'' agus ''[[Panthera tigris soloensis|P. t. soloensis]]'' de bhunadh Iáva agus Sumatra agus ''[[Panthera tigris acutidens|P. t. acutidens]]'' de bhunadh na Síne; fuarthas iontaisí tíogair ón Phléisticéineach dhéanach agus ón [[An Sealad Holaicéineach|Luathholaicéineach]] i [[Boirneo|mBoirneo]] agus [[Palawan]] na [[Na hOileáin Fhilipíneacha|nOileán Filipíneach]].<ref name="Kitchener2009">Kitchener, A. & Yamaguchi, N. (2009). "What is a Tiger? Biogeography, Morphology, and Taxonomy" in {{harvnb|Tilson|Nyhus|2010|pp=|lgh=}}, lgh. 53–84</ref> Tuairiscítear go bhfuil samplaí den tíogar ón Phléisticéineach Mheán-dheánach a fuarthas sa [[An tSeapáin|tSeapáin]].<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=The Japanese Archipelago sheltered cave lions, not tigers, during the Late Pleistocene|url=https://pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.2523901123|journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences|date=2026-02-10|issn=0027-8424|pmc=12890994|pmid=41587328|volume=123|issue=6|doi=10.1073/pnas.2523901123|language=en|author=Xin Sun, Lanhui Peng, Takumi Tsutaya, Qigao Jiangzuo, Yoshikazu Hasegawa, Yuxin Hou, Yu Han, Yan Zhuang, Nuno Filipe Gomes Martins, Jazmin Ramos Madrigal, Alberto J. Taurozzi, Meaghan Mackie, Gaudry Trochė, Jesper V. Olsen, Enrico Cappellini, Stephen J. O’Brien, M. Thomas P. Gilbert, Nobuyuki Yamaguchi, Shu-Jin Luo}}</ref> Léiríonn torthaí staidéar [[fíleathíreolaíoch]] go bhfuil comhshinsear ag chuile speiceas tíogar beo a bhí beo idir 108,000 agus 72,000 bliain ó shin.<ref name="Luo04" /> Tugann staidéar géinte le fios gur chrap pobal an tíogair thart ar 115,000 bliain ó shin de bharr oighrithe. Síolraíonn pobal reatha na dtíogar ó [[Díseart|dhíseart]] a bhí san Ind-sín agus a leath ar fud na háise tar éis na [[An uasmhéid oighrithe deireanach|huasmhéide oighrithe deireanaí]]. De réir mar a chóilínigh siad oirthuaisceart na Síne, mheasc sinsir an tíogair Ind-sínigh le pobal iarmharach tíogar.<ref name=":4" /><ref name=":1" /> === Hibridí === ''Tuilleadh Eolais: [[Hibridí Feilideacha]] agus [[hibridí Panthera]]'' Is féidir le tíogair idirphórú le cait ''Panthera'' eile agus is amhlaidh atá déanta acu i ngéibheann. Is é an [[leogar]] toradh phóraithe an tíogair bhaininn agus an leoin fhirinn agus is é an [[tígleon]] toradh phóraithe an tíogair fhirinn agus an leoin bhaininn.<ref name="Gabryś">{{cite journal |year=|title=Interspecific hybrids of animals-in nature, breeding and science–a review|journal=Annals of Animal Science|volume=21|issue=2|pages=403–415|doi=10.2478/aoas-2020-0082|author=Gabryś, J.; Kij, B.; Kochan, J. & Bugno-Poniewierska, M.|date=2021|url=https://doi.org/10.2478%2Faoas-2020-0082}}</ref> Cuireann an t-athair leoin géin chur chun cinn an fháis ar aghaidh ach tá géin chomhfhreagrach srianta an fháis ón tíogar bhaineann in easnamh sa mhéad is go bhfásann leogair i bhfad níos mó ná ceachtar de speicis na dtuismitheoirí. Ní chuireann an tíogar fireann géin chur chun cinn an fháis ar aghaidh os a choinne sin cé go gcuireann an leon baineann géin srianta an fháis ar aghaidh; mar sin, bíonn tígleoin thart ar chomh mhéid lena dtuismitheoirí.<ref name="imprinting">{{Lua idirlín|teideal=Genomic Imprinting|url=https://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/epigenetics/imprinting/|dátarochtana=2025-12-01|language=en|foilsitheoir=Genetic Science Learning Center, Utah}}</ref> Toisc gur minic a fhorbraíonn siad éalanga ón bhroinn a mbaineann baol báis leo, glactar le pórú na hibridí mar nós neamheiticiúil.<ref name="Gabryś" /> == Cur síos == [[File:TigerSkelLyd1.png|thumb|left|Creatlach tíogair ó Royal Natural History Imleabhar 1 (1839)|alt=Drawing of tiger skeleton]] Tá morfeolaíocht fheilíneach thipiciúil ag an tíogar a bhfuil corp matánach, cosa giorraithe, géaga tosaigh láidre, lapaí tosaigh leathana, ceann mór agus eireaball atá thart ar leathfhad an choirp eile i bhfad aige.<ref name=":8">{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Panthera tigris|url=https://academic.oup.com/mspecies/article-lookup/doi/10.2307/3504004|journal=Mammalian Species|date=1981|pages=1-8|issue=152|doi=10.2307/3504004|author=Mazák, V.|bibcode=https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1981MamSp.152....1M|id=https://www.jstor.org/stable/3504004}}</ref>{{sfn|Sludskii|1992|p=98}} Tá cúig mhéar aige, [[drúchtchrobh]] ina measc sin, ar na cosa chun tosaigh agus ceithre cinn ar na cosa deiridh, a bhfuil crobha in-aistarraingthe atá fáiscthe agus cuartha ar féidir leo a bheith 10 cm i bhfad aige.<ref name=":8" />{{sfn|Thapar|2004|p=26}} Tá a chuid cluasa cruinn agus tá mac imrisc cruinn ar na súile.<ref name=":8" /> Críochnaíonn an smut i mbarr triantánach a bhfuil poncanna dubha beaga air dá mhéadaíonn a líon agus an tíogar ag dul in aois.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Combination of facial and nose features of Amur tigers to determine age|url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/1749-4877.12817|journal=Integrative Zoology|date=2025-01|issn=1749-4877|pages=186–198|volume=20|issue=1|doi=10.1111/1749-4877.12817|language=en|author=Caiping Zhao, Wenrui Dai, Qiang Liu, Dongqi Liu, Nathan James Roberts, Zhaoli Liu, Ming Gong, Hongkun Qiu, Changhai Liu, Dan Liu, Guangkai Ma, Guangshun Jiang}}</ref> Tá blaosc an tíogair scafánta le réigiún tosaigh teoranta le [[Logall súile|logaill súile]] éilipseacha atá beag go comhréireach, [[Cnámh sróine|cnámha sróine]] fada agus cráiniam fadaithe le [[moing saighdeach]] mór.{{sfn|Sludskii|1992|p=103}}<ref name=":8" /> Tá sé cosúil le blaosc an leoin ach tá difríocht ann idir an dá bhlaosc de bharr íochtar cuasach nó leacaithe an ghéill íochtair agus an tsrón atá níos faide.{{sfn|Sludskii|1992|p=103}}<ref name=":8" /> Tá thart ar 30 fiacail atá sách scafánta ag an tíogar agus tá a [[Starrfhiacail|starrfhiacla]] cuartha ar na cinn is faide i measc na gcat agus iad 6.4-7.6 cm (2.5-3.0 or).<ref name=":8" />{{sfn|Thapar|2004|p=25}} Tá fad cheann-choirp an tíogair idir 1.4-2.8 m (4 tr 7 or - 9 tr 2 or) le heireaball atá 0.6-1.1 m (2 tr 0 or - 3 tr 7 or) agus seasann sé 0.8-1.1 m (2 tr 7 or - 3 tr 7 or) ag an ghualainn.<ref name="Walker">{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Panthera tigris (tiger)|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=T37sFCl43E8C&pg=PA825|publisher=Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press|date=1999-07-29|language=en|author=Novak, R. M. & Walker, E. P|journal=Walker's Mammals of the World|issue=6|pages=825-828}}</ref> Is mó an tíogar Bheangál agus an tíogar Sumatrach de na speicis éagsúla.<ref name=":8" /> Meánn tíogair Bheangál fhireannacha idir 200-260 kg (440-570 lb), agus meánn na baineannaigh idir 100-160 kg (220-250 lb); is lú na tiogair oileánacha de na speicis éagsúla, is cosúil gur de bharr [[abhcacht oileánach]] atá sé.<ref name="Kitchener1999" /> Meánn tiogair Shumatracha fhireannacha idir 100-140 kg (220-310 lb) agus meánn na baineannaigh idir 75-110 kg (165-243 lb).<ref name=":9">Sunquist, M. (2010). "What is a Tiger? Ecology and Behaviour" in {{Harvnb|Tilson|Nyhus|2010|lgh=19/34}}, lgh. 19−34</ref> Meastar gurb é an tíogar an speiceas féilíneach beo is mó ar domhan; ach toisc go bhfuil difríocht mhór méide agus meáchain idir na pobail tíogar éagsúla, is féidir gur lú meánmheáchan an tíogair ná é an leoin, a fhad agus a bhíonn na tíogair is mo níos mó ná na leoin chosúla.<ref name="Kitchener2009" /> === Fionnadh === [[Íomhá:Tiger_Stripes_(29808869755).jpg|alt=Close up of a tiger's fur|mion|Fionnadh an tíogair Amúraigh ar a chliathán (taobh)]] Bíonn ribí gruaige gearra ar fhionnadh an tíogair de ghnáth, ar féidir a bheith chomh fada le 35 mm (1.4 or), ach is féidir le ribí gruaige an tíogair Amúraigh tuaisceart-chónaithigh fad de 105 mm (4.1 or) a shroicheadh. De ghnáth, is faide ribí gruaige an bhoilg ná iad na droma. Bíonn dlús a bhfionnaidh tanaí de ghnáth ach forbraíonn an tíogar Amúrach fionnadh geimhridh atá sách tiubh. Tá línte fionnaidh um aghaidh an tíogair agus guairí fada orthu, na fireannaigh ach go háirithe.<ref name=":8" /> Tá [[Dath ainmhithe|dath]] oráiste air a athraíonn ó scothbhuí go ruánach.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Tiger: the ultimate guide|publisher=CDS books in association with Two brothers press|date=2004|location=New York|author=Valmik Thapar|url=https://archive.org/details/tigerultimategui0000thap/mode/2up}}</ref> Clúdaíonn fionnadh bán an t-íochtar ó cheann go heireaball, thar dromchla istigh na gcos agus codanna den aghaidh.<ref name=":8" /><ref name=":6">{{Harvnb|Sludskii|1992|lgh=99-102}}, lgh. 99-102.</ref> Tá spota bán feiceálach ar chúl na gcluasa atá timpeallaithe le fionnadh dubh.<ref name=":8" /> Marcáiltear an tíogar le stríoca dubha nó dubhdhonna agus bíonn pátrún faoi leith ag chuile thíogar.<ref name=":8" /><ref name=":7">Miquelle, D. "Tiger" in {{Harvnb|MacDonald|2001}}, lgh. 18-21</ref> Bíonn na stríoca ingearach den chuid is mó ach amháin na cinn ar na géaga agus ar an chlár éadain a bhíonn cothrománach. Tá an chuid is mó díobh le feiceáil ar cúl agus is féidir leo ar an cholainn íochtar an bhoilg a shroicheadh. Go hiondúil, bíonn barr géar ar na stríoca agus is féidir leo scaradh óna chéile nó teacht le chéile arís eile. Is bandaí tiubha iad na stríoca eireabaill agus barrtar a dheireadh le dubh.<ref name=":6" /> Tá an tíogar ar cheann den bheagán speiceas cait a bhfuil stríoca orthu.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Why the leopard got its spots: relating pattern development to ecology in felids|url=https://royalsocietypublishing.org/rspb/article/278/1710/1373/73541/Why-the-leopard-got-its-spots-relating-pattern|journal=Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences|date=2011-05-07|issn=0962-8452|pmc=3061134|pmid=20961899|pages=1373–1380|volume=278|issue=1710|doi=10.1098/rspb.2010.1734|language=en|author=William L. Allen, Innes C. Cuthill, Nicholas E. Scott-Samuel, Roland Baddeley}}</ref> Tá stríoca ina mbuntáiste don [[Duaithníocht|nduaithníocht]] i bhfásra a bhfuil pátrúin ingearacha solais agus scátha iontu cosúil le crainnte, giolcaigh agus féir arda.<ref name=":7" /><ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=The Adaptive Significance of Coloration in Mammals|url=https://academic.oup.com/bioscience/article/55/2/125-136/221478|journal=BioScience|date=2005|issn=0006-3568|pages=125-136|volume=55|issue=2|doi=10.1641/0006-3568(2005)055[0125:TASOCI]2.0.CO;2|language=en|author=Tim Caro}}</ref> Tacaíonn staidéar [[anailís Fourier]] a léirigh go n-aontaíonn pátrúin stríoca na dtíogar lena dtimpeallacht leis an teoiric seo.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Zebra stripes and tiger stripes: the spatial frequency distribution of the pattern compared to that of the background is significant in display and crypsis|url=https://academic.oup.com/biolinnean/article-lookup/doi/10.1111/j.1095-8312.1987.tb00442.x|journal=Biological Journal of the Linnean Society|date=1987-12|pages=427–433|volume=32|issue=4|doi=10.1111/j.1095-8312.1987.tb00442.x|language=en|author=D. Godfrey, J. N. Lythgoe, D. A. Rumball}}</ref> Is féidir go gcabhraíonn a ndathú oráiste leo iad a cheilt fosta mar tá creach an tíogair [[Dathdhaille|dathdhall]], rud a chiallaíonn nach bhfeictear an tíogar ach mar rud glas eile laistigh den fhásra. <ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Optimizing colour for camouflage and visibility using deep learning: the effects of the environment and the observer's visual system|url=https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rsif.2019.0183|journal=Journal of The Royal Society Interface|date=2019-05|issn=1742-5689|pages=20190183|volume=16|issue=154|doi=10.1098/rsif.2019.0183|language=en|author=J. G. Fennell, L. Talas, R. J. Baddeley, I. C. Cuthill, N. E. Scott-Samuel}}</ref> ==== Éagsúlacht dhatha ==== [[Íomhá:White_tiger_Nandankanan.jpeg|alt=White tiger with thickened stripes lying down|mion|[[Tíogar bán]] bréag-mhéilineach]] Níl a leithéid de thrí [[Bithathraitheach datha|bhithathraitheach datha]] an tíogair Bheangál – sneachta-bhán an-neamhstríocach, bán agus órga – le fáil san fhiántas sa lá atá inniu ann mar gheall ar laghdú na bpobal fiáin tíogar ach faightear i bpobail i ngéibheann iad fós. Tá dath cúlra bán le stríoca [[séipia]]<nowiki/>dhonna ar an [[Tíogar bán|tíogar bhán]]. Tá dath bán-órga le stríoca ruadhonna ar an [[tíogar órga]]. Is morf le stríoca an-éadroma agus eireaball séipiadhonn-fháinneach é an tíogar sneachta-bhán. Is de thoradh [[tréith chúlaitheach uathshómach]] le [[Lócas (géinitic)|lócas]] bán agus lócas [[Géinitic fhionnaidh chait|leathanbhanda]] iad na morfaí bána agus órga faoi seach. Is de thoradh [[Polaigéin|polaigéinte]] le lócais bhána agus leathanbhanda é an bithathraitheach sneachta-bhán.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=The genetics of tiger pelage color variations|url=https://www.nature.com/articles/cr201732|journal=Cell Research|date=2017-07|issn=1001-0602|pmc=5518981|pmid=28281538|pages=954–957|volume=27|issue=7|doi=10.1038/cr.2017.32|language=en|author=Xiao Xu, Gui-Xin Dong, Anne Schmidt-Küntzel, Xue-Li Zhang, Yan Zhuang, Run Fang, Xin Sun, Xue-Song Hu, Tian-You Zhang, Han-Dong Yang, De-Lu Zhang, Laurie Marker, Zheng-Fan Jiang, Ruiqiang Li, Shu-Jin Luo}}</ref> Tá tógáil an tíogair bháin an-chonspóideach mar níl siad úsáideach ó thaobh an chaomhnaithe de. Níl na géinte don mhorf datha seo ach ag 0.001% de thíogair fhiáine agus is é an t-[[ionphórú]] is cúis le ró-ionadaíocht an tíogair bháin i ngéibheann. Mar sin, má leanann an t-ionphórú seo ar aghaidh, tá an baol ann gurb iad [[spealadh ionphóraithe]] agus caillteanas na [[Inathraitheacht géinte|hinathraitheachta géinte]] i dtíogair i ngéibheann an toradh a bheidh ann.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|author=Xavier, N.|date=2010|url=https://www.currentscience.ac.in/Volumes/99/07/0894.pdf|title=A new conservation policy needed for reintroduction of Bengal tiger-white|journal=Current Science|volume=99|issue=7|pages=894–895}}</ref> Tá taifid ann de thíogair bhréag-[[Méilineach|mhéilineacha]] le stríoca cónascaithe i [[Páirc Náisiúnta Simlipal|bPáirc Náisiúnta Simlipal]] agus i dtrí zú Indiacha; léirigh anailís [[Géineolaíocht phobail|géineolaíochta pobail]] de shamplaí tíogar Indiach go bhfaightear an [[Feinitíopa|féinitíopa]] seo mar thoradh ar [[Sóchán|shócháin]] ghéin [[aimínipeiptíodáis]] [[Próitéin thras-scannáin|thras-scannáin]]. Tá an gné seo ag 37% de phobal tíogair Shimlipal, rud a nasctar le [[leithlisiú géiniteach]].<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=High frequency of an otherwise rare phenotype in a small and isolated tiger population|url=https://pnas.org/doi/full/10.1073/pnas.2025273118|journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences|date=2021-09-28|issn=0027-8424|pmc=8488692|pmid=34518374|volume=118|issue=39|doi=10.1073/pnas.2025273118|language=en|author=Vinay Sagar, Christopher B. Kaelin, Meghana Natesh, P. Anuradha Reddy, Rajesh K. Mohapatra, Himanshu Chhattani, Prachi Thatte, Srinivas Vaidyanathan, Suvankar Biswas, Supriya Bhatt, Shashi Paul, Yadavendradev V. Jhala, Mayank M. Verma, Bivash Pandav, Samrat Mondol, Gregory S. Barsh, Debabrata Swain, Uma Ramakrishnan}}</ref> == Dáileadh agus gnáthóg == [[Íomhá:Tigress_Anna_Savelevna_01.jpg|alt=Picture of tiger in forest at night|mion|Gaiste ceamara de thíogar Amúrach sa Rúis]] Bhíodh cead a chosa ag an tíogar go stairiúil agus cónaí air ó oirthear na Tuirce, tuaisceart na hIaráine agus an Afganastáin go dtí an Áise Láir agus ón Phacastáin thuaidh trí [[Fo-ilchríoch na hIndia|fho-ilchríoch na hIndia]] agus an Ind-Sín go hoirdheisceart na Sibéire, Sumatra, Iáva agus Bailí.<ref name=":8" /> Faoin bhliain 2022, ní raibh sé le fáil ach laistigh de 7% dá limistéar dáilte stairiúil agus bhí raon briste aige i bhfo-ilchríoch na hIndia, [[An Ind-Sín|leithinis na hInd-Síne]], Sumatra, oirthuaisceart na Síne agus [[Cianoirthear na Rúise]].<ref name=":3" /> Faoin bhliain 2020, bhí an t-achar is mó den ghnáthóg tíogair dhomhanda ag an India le 300,508 km² (116,027 mi²) á leanúint ag an Rúis le 195,819 km² (75,606 mi²).<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Range-wide trends in tiger conservation landscapes, 2001 - 2020|url=https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcosc.2023.1191280/full|journal=Frontiers in Conservation Science|date=2023|issn=2673-611X|volume=4|doi=10.3389/fcosc.2023.1191280|author=Sanderson, E. W.; Miquelle, D. G.; Fisher, K.; Harihar, A.; Clark, C.; Moy, J.; Potapov, P.; Robinson, N.; Royte, L.; Sampson, D.; Sanderlin, J.; Yackulic, C. B.; Belecky, M.; Breitenmoser, U.; Breitenmoser-Würsten, C.; Chanchani, P.; Chapman, S.; Deomurari, A.; Duangchantrasiri, S.; Facchini, E.; Gray, T. N. E.; Goodrich, J.; Hunter, L.; Linkie, M.; Marthy, W.; Rasphone, A.; Roy, S.; Sittibal, D.; Tempa, T.; Umponjan, M. & Wood, K.}}</ref> Tá cónaí ar an tíogar i ngnáthóga foraoise den chuid is mó agus is ainmhí an-sholúbtha é.<ref name=":9" /> Léiríonn taifid ón Áise Láir gur chuir sé faoi i bhforaoisí abhann [[Tugay]] agus foraoisí cnoic agus ísilchríche sa [[Réigiún Chugais|Chugais]].<ref>{{Harvnb|Sludskii|1992}}, lgh.&#x20;108–112</ref> I réigiún [[Amur (abhainn)|Amur-Ussuri]] na Rúise agus na Síne, cuireann sé faoi i [[Péine Chóiréach|bpéine Chóiréach]] agus i [[Foraois leathanduilleach agus mheasctha mheasartha|bhforaoisí leathanduilleacha agus measctha measartha]]; feidhmíonn [[Foraois abhann|foraoisí abhann]] mar phasáistí [[Scaipeadh bitheolaíoch|scaipthe]] a chuireann bia agus uisce ar fáil do thíogair agus a gcreach mar aon.<ref>Miquelle, D. G.; Smirnov, E. N.; Merrill, T. W.; Myslenkov, A. E.; Quigley, H.; Hornocker, M. G. & Schleyer, B. (1999). "Hierarchical spatial analysis of Amur tiger relationships to habitat and prey" in {{Harvnb|Seidenstecker|Christie|Jackson|1999}}, lgh. 71-99</ref> Faightear i [[Foraois leathanduilleach thais thrópaiceach agus fhothrópaiceach|bhforaoisí leathanduilleacha taise trópaiceacha agus fo-thrópaiceacha]], foraoisí leathanduilleacha agus measctha measartha, [[Foraois shíorghlasa thais thrópaiceach|foraoisí síorghlasa taise trópaiceacha]], [[Foraois thirim thrópaiceach|foraoisí tirime trópaiceacha]], [[Má thuiltrí|mánna tuiltrí]] agus sna [[Foraois mhangróbh|foraoisí mangróbh]] sna [[Sundarbans]] é go príomhá ar fho-ilchríoch na hIndia.<ref>Wikramanayake, E. D.; Dinerstein, E.; Robinson, J. G.; Karanth, K. U.; Rabinowitz, A.; Olson, D.; Mathew, T.; Hedao, P.; Connor, M.; Hemley, G. & Bolze, D. (1999). "Where can tigers live in the future? A framework for identifying high-priority areas for the conservation of tigers in the wild" in {{harvnb|Seidensticker|Christie|Jackson|1999}}, lgh. 265-267</ref> In [[Oirthear na Himiléithe]], taifeadadh i [[Foraois mheasartha|bhforaoisí measartha]] sa [[An Bhútáin|Bhútáin]] é ar airde de 4,200 m (13,800 tr), agus in oirdheaisceart na [[An Tibéid|Tibéide]] sna [[Cnoic Mishmi]] ar airde de 3,630 m (11,910 tr) agus i [[Contae Mêdog|gContae Mêdog]] ar airde de 3,139 m (10,299 tr).<ref>Jigme, K. & Tharchen, L. (2012). "Camera-trap records of tigers at high altitudes in Bhutan". ''Cat News'' (56): 14–15.</ref><ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=First photographic record of tiger presence at higher elevations of the Mishmi Hills in the Eastern Himalayan Biodiversity Hotspot, Arunachal Pradesh, India|url=https://threatenedtaxa.org/index.php/JoTT/article/view/4381|journal=Journal of Threatened Taxa|date=2018|issn=0974-7907|pages=12833–12836|volume=10|issue=13|doi=10.11609/jott.4381.10.13.12833-12836|author=Adhikarimayum, A. S. & Gopi, G. V.}}</ref><ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Tiger reappearance in Medog highlights the conservation values of the region for this apex predator|url=https://www.zoores.ac.cn/en/article/doi/10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2023.178|journal=Zoological Research|date=2023|issn=2095-8137|pmc=10415778|pmid=37464931|pages=747–749|volume=44|issue=4|doi=10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2023.178|language=en|author=Li, X. Y.; Hu, W. Q.; Wang, H. J. & Jiang, X. L.}}</ref> Cuireann sé faoi i bhforaoisí [[duillsilteach]] agus [[Planda síorghlas|síorghlasa]] sa Téalainn.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=How many tigers Panthera tigris are there in Huai Kha Khaeng Wildlife Sanctuary, Thailand? An estimate using photographic capture-recapture sampling|url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0030605307414107/type/journal_article|journal=Oryx|date=2007|issn=0030-6053|pages=447–453|volume=41|issue=4|doi=10.1017/S0030605307414107|language=en|author=Simcharoen, S.; Pattanavibool, A.; Karanth, K. U.; Nichols, J. D. & Kumar, N. S.}}</ref> In Sumatra, faightear i [[Foraois sheascainn mhóna|bhforaoisí seascainn móna]] ilchríche agus i [[Foraois Montane|bhforaoisí Montane]] garbha.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Population Status of a Cryptic Top Predator: An Island-Wide Assessment of Tigers in Sumatran Rainforests|url=https://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0025931|journal=PLoS ONE|date=2011|issn=1932-6203|pmc=3206793|pmid=22087218|pages=e25931|volume=6|issue=11|doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0025931|language=en|author=Wibisono, H. T.; Linkie, M.; Guillera-Arroita, G.; Smith, J. A.; Sunarto; Pusarini, W.; Asriadi; Baroto, P.; Brickle, N.; Dinata, Y.; Gemita, E.; Gunaryadi, D.; Haidir, I. A. & Herwansyah}}</ref> === Dlús pobail === Nocht [[Gaiste ceamara|gaistí ceamara]] le linn 2010-2015 i bhforaois dhuillsilteach agus phéine fho-thrópaiceach na [[Páirc Náisiúnta Jim Corbett|Páirce Náisiúnta Jim Corbett]] i dtuaisceart na hIndia go bhfuil [[Dlús daonra|dlús phobail]] tíogair seasmhach de 12-17 indibhidiúil in aghaidh gach 100 km² (39 mi²) laistigh de limistéar 521 km² (201 mi²).<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Demography of a high‐density tiger population and its implications for tiger recovery|url=https://besjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/1365-2664.13410|journal=Journal of Applied Ecology|date=2019|issn=0021-8901|pages=1725–1740|volume=56|issue=7|doi=10.1111/1365-2664.13410|language=en|author=Bisht, S.; Banerjee, S.; Qureshi, Q. & Jhala, Y.}}</ref> I dtuaisceart Mhaenmar, measadh dlús phobail tíogair sa limistéar samplála, a raibh thart ar 3,250 km² (1,250 mi²) d'fhoraois leathanduilleach thrópaiceach agus féarthalamh ann, a bheith idir 0.21–0.44 tíogair in aghaidh gach 100 km² (39 mi²) faoin bhliain 2009.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Estimating abundance with sparse data: tigers in northern Myanmar|url=https://esj-journals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1007/s10144-008-0093-5|journal=Population Ecology|date=2009|issn=1438-3896|pages=115–121|volume=51|issue=1|doi=10.1007/s10144-008-0093-5|language=en|author=Lynam, A. J.; Rabinowitz, A.; Myint, T.; Maung, M.; Latt, K. T. & Po, S. H. T.}}</ref> Measadh go bhfuil an dlús phobail i bhforaoisí leath-shíorghlasa agus duillsilteacha measctha [[Anaclann Fiadhúlra Huai Kha Khaeng]] na Téalainne thart ar 2.01 tíogair in aghaidh gach 100 km² (39 mi²); le linn na 1970idí agus 1980idí, tharla [[lománaíocht]] agus póitseáil sna [[Páirc Náisiúnta Mae Wong|Páirceanna Náisiúnta Mae Wong]] agus [[Páirc Náisiúnta Khlong Lan|Khlong Lan]] in aice láimhe, áit a measadh an dlús phobail a bheith i bhfad níos ísle, gan ach 0.359 tíogair in aghaidh gach 100 km² (39 mi²) faoin bhliain 2016.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Tiger density, movements, and immigration outside of a tiger source site in Thailand|url=https://conbio.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/csp2.560|journal=Conservation Science and Practice|date=2021|issn=2578-4854|volume=3|issue=12|doi=10.1111/csp2.560|language=en|author=Phumanee, W.; Steinmetz, R.; Phoonjampa, R.; Weingdow, S.; Phokamanee, S.; Bhumpakphan, N. & Savini, T.}}</ref> Measadh an dlús phobail i bhforaoisí [[Dipterocarpaceae|dipterocarp]] agus montane i dtuaisceart na Malaeise a bheith thart ar 1.47–2.43 tíogair fhásta in aghaidh gach 100 km² (39 mi²) i bPáirc Stáit Belum Ríoga, ach 0.3–0.92 tíogair fhásta a bheith ann in aghaidh gach 100 km² (39 mi²) in [[Anaclann Foraoise Temengor]], áit atá gan chosaint a mbíonn lománaíocht ar siúl [[Lománaíocht roghnaitheach|ar bhonn roghnaitheach]].<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Conserving tigers in Malaysia: A science-driven approach for eliciting conservation policy change|url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0006320714005035|journal=Biological Conservation|date=2015|pages=18–26|volume=184|doi=10.1016/j.biocon.2014.12.024|language=en|author=Rayan, D. M. & Linkie, M.}}</ref> == Iompar agus éiceolaíocht == [[Íomhá:Tigerwater_edit2.jpg|alt=Tiger in water|mion|Tíogar ag folcadh]] Léiríonn sonraí ghaistí ceamara go seachnaíonn tíogair i [[Páirc Náisiúnta Chitwan|bPáirc Náisiúnta Chitwan]] áiteanna a ghnáthaíonn daoine agus gur gníomhaí a bhíonn siad san oíche ná sa ló.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Coexistence between wildlife and humans at fine spatial scales|url=https://pnas.org/doi/full/10.1073/pnas.1210490109|journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences|date=2012|issn=0027-8424|pmc=3458348|pmid=22949642|pages=15360–15365|volume=109|issue=38|doi=10.1073/pnas.1210490109|language=en|author=Carter, N. H.; Shrestha, B. K.; Karki, J. B.; Pradhan, N. M. B. & Liu, J.}}</ref> Ba ghníomhaí sé thíogar a raibh coiléir raidió orthu ó bhreacadh an lae go dtí go luath ar maidin agus a mbuaic á sroicheadh thart ar a 7:00 a chlog ar maidin i [[Páirc Náisiúnta Sundarbans|bPáirc Náisiúnta Sundarbans]]. <ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Ranging, Activity and Habitat Use by Tigers in the Mangrove Forests of the Sundarban|url=https://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0152119|journal=PLOS ONE|date=2016|issn=1932-6203|pmc=4822765|pmid=27049644|pages=e0152119|volume=11|issue=4|doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0152119|language=en|author=Naha, D.; Jhala, Y. V.; Qureshi, Q.; Roy, M.; Sankar, K. & Gopal, R.}}</ref> Nocht suirbhé gaiste ceamara trí bliana i bhfad i [[Páirc Náisiúnta Shuklaphanta|bPáirc Náisiúnta Shuklaphanta]] gur ghníomhaí na tíogair ó chrónú go dtí lár na hoíche.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Coexisting large carnivores: spatial relationships of tigers and leopards and their prey in a prey-rich area in lowland Nepal|url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/11956860.2018.1491512|journal=Écoscience|date=2019|issn=1195-6860|pages=1–9|volume=26|issue=1|doi=10.1080/11956860.2018.1491512|language=en|author=Pokheral, C. P. & Wegge, P.}}</ref> In oirthuaisceart na Síne, bhí tíogair ina [[Clapsholas|n-ainmhithe clapsholais]] agus iad gníomhach le linn na hóiche agus a gcuid gníomhaíochtaí ag baint a mbuaic amach ar bhreacadh an lae agus ar chrónú na hoíche; bhíodar gníomhach ag nach mór an t-am céanna agus a bhí a gcuid creiche.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Do prey availability, human disturbance and habitat structure drive the daily activity patterns of Amur tigers ( Panthera tigris altaica )?|url=https://zslpublications.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jzo.12622|journal=Journal of Zoology|date=2019|issn=0952-8369|pages=131–140|volume=307|issue=2|doi=10.1111/jzo.12622|language=en|author=H. Yang, S. Han, B. Xie, P. Mou, X. Kou, T. Wang, J. Ge, L. Feng}}</ref> Is snámhaí cumhachtach é an tíogar a théann trasna aibhneacha atá chomh leathan le 8 km (5.0 mi) go héasca; tumann sé é féin san uisce ar laethanta teo ach go háirithe.<ref name=":7" /> Go ginearálta, níl a scileanna dreaptha crainn chomh cumasach agus atáthar i gcait eile de bharr a mhéide, ach déanann coileáin faoi 16 mhí amhlaidh go rialta.<ref>{{Harvnb|Thapar|2004}}, lgh. 26, 64–66</ref> Taifeadadh tíogar fásta ar dhreapadh dhó 10 m (33 tr) suas [[crann pipal]] mín.<ref name=":8" /> === Scaradh sóisialta === Adult tigers lead largely solitary lives within [[Home range|home ranges]] or [[Territory (animal)|territories]], the size of which mainly depends on prey abundance, geographic area and sex of the individual. Males and females defend their home ranges from those of the same sex and the home range of a male encompasses that of multiple females.<ref name="Mazak1981" /><ref name="Miquelle" /> Two females in the [[Sundarbans]] had home ranges of {{cvt|10.6|and|14.1|km2}}.<ref>{{cite journal|author1=Barlow, A. C. D.|name-list-style=amp|author2=Smith, J. L. D.|author3=Ahmad, I. U.|author4=Hossain, A. N. M.|author5=Rahman, M.|author6=Howlader, A.|year=2011|title=Female tiger ''Panthera tigris'' home range size in the Bangladesh Sundarbans: the value of this mangrove ecosystem for the species' conservation|journal=Oryx|volume=45|issue=1|pages=125–128|doi=10.1017/S0030605310001456|bibcode=2011Oryx...45..125B|doi-access=free}}</ref> In [[Panna Tiger Reserve]], the home ranges of five reintroduced females varied from {{cvt|53-67|km2}} in winter to {{cvt|55-60|km2}} in summer and to {{cvt|46-94|km2}} during the [[monsoon]]; three males had {{cvt|84-147|km2}} large home ranges in winter, {{cvt|82-98|km2}} in summer and {{cvt|81-118|km2}} during monsoon seasons.<ref name="Sarkar2016">{{cite journal|author1=Sarkar, M. S.|name-list-style=amp|author2=Ramesh, K.|author3=Johnson, J. A.|author4=Sen, S.|author5=Nigam, P.|author6=Gupta, S. K.|author7=Murthy, R. S.|author8=Saha, G. K.|year=2016|title=Movement and home range characteristics of reintroduced tiger (''Panthera tigris'') population in Panna Tiger Reserve, central India|journal=European Journal of Wildlife Research|volume=62|issue=5|pages=537–547|doi=10.1007/s10344-016-1026-9|bibcode=2016EJWR...62..537S|s2cid=254187854}}</ref> In [[Sikhote-Alin Biosphere Reserve]], 14 females had home ranges {{cvt|248-520|km2}} and five resident males of {{cvt|847-1923|km2}} that overlapped with those of up to five females.<ref name="Goodrich_2010">{{cite journal|author1=Goodrich, J. M.|name-list-style=amp|author2=Miquelle, D. G.|author3=Smirnov, E. M.|author4=Kerley, L. L.|author5=Quigley, H. B.|author6=Hornocker, M. G.|year=2010|title=Spatial structure of Amur (Siberian) tigers (''Panthera tigris altaica'') on Sikhote-Alin Biosphere Zapovednik, Russia|journal=Journal of Mammalogy|volume=91|issue=3|pages=737–748|doi=10.1644/09-mamm-a-293.1|doi-access=free}}</ref> When tigresses in the same reserve had cubs of up to four months of age, they reduced their home ranges to stay near their young and steadily enlarged them until their offspring were 13–18 months old.<ref>{{cite journal|author1=Klevtcova, A. V.|name-list-style=amp|author2=Miquelle, D. G.|author3=Seryodkin, I. V.|author4=Bragina, E. V.|author5=Soutyrina, S. V.|author6=Goodrich, J. M.|year=2021|title=The influence of reproductive status on home range size and spatial dynamics of female Amur tigers|journal=Mammal Research|volume=66|pages=83–94|doi=10.1007/s13364-020-00547-2}}</ref> {{image frame|caption=[[Bengal tiger]]s spraying urine (above) and rubbing against a tree to mark territory|content={{CSS image crop |Image = Tiger spray marking. DavidRaju 1.jpg |bSize = 300 |cWidth = 150 |cHeight = 150 |oTop = 30 |oLeft = 30 }}{{CSS image crop |Image = Bijili (A tiger in Ranthambore National Park, 2016) 1.jpg |bSize = 150 |cWidth = 150 |cHeight = 150 |oTop = 30 |oLeft = 0 }}|width=150}} The tiger is a long-ranging species and individuals disperse over distances of up to {{cvt|650|km|mi}} to reach tiger populations in other areas.<ref>{{cite journal|author1=Joshi, A.|author2=Vaidyanathan, S.|author3=Mondol, S.|author4=Edgaonkar, A.|author5=Ramakrishnan, U.|year=2013|title=Connectivity of Tiger (''Panthera tigris'') Populations in the Human-Influenced Forest Mosaic of Central India|journal=PLOS ONE|volume=8|issue=11|article-number=e77980|doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0077980|pmid=24223132|pmc=3819329|bibcode=2013PLoSO...877980J|doi-access=free|name-list-style=amp}}</ref> Young tigresses establish their first home ranges close to their mothers' while males migrate further than their female counterparts.{{sfn|Thapar|2004|p=76}} Four [[Radio telemetry|radio-collared]] females in Chitwan dispersed between {{cvt|0|and|43.2|km|mi}} and 10 males between {{cvt|9.5|and|65.7|km}}.<ref name="Smith1993">{{cite journal|last=Smith|first=J. L. D.|year=1993|title=The role of dispersal in structuring the Chitwan tiger population|volume=124|journal=Behaviour|issue=3|pages=165–195|doi=10.1163/156853993X00560}}</ref> A subadult male lives as a transient in another male's home range until he is older and strong enough to challenge the resident male.{{sfn|Thapar|2004|p=76}}{{sfn|Mills|2004|pp=54–55}} Tigers mark their home ranges by [[Urine spraying|spraying urine]] on vegetation and rocks, clawing or [[scent rubbing]] trees and marking trails with [[faeces]], [[anal gland]] secretions and ground scrapings.<ref name="Miquelle" /><ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Burger|first1=B. V.|last2=Viviers|first2=M. Z.|last3=Bekker|first3=J. P. I.|last4=Roux|first4=M.|last5=Fish|first5=N.|last6=Fourie|first6=W. B.|last7=Weibchen|first7=G.|year=2008|title=Chemical characterization of territorial marking fluid of male Bengal tiger, ''Panthera tigris''|journal=Journal of Chemical Ecology|volume=34|issue=5|pages=659–671|doi=10.1007/s10886-008-9462-y|pmid=18437496|bibcode=2008JCEco..34..659B|hdl-access=free|hdl=10019.1/11220|s2cid=5558760|name-list-style=amp|url=https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/document?repid=rep1&type=pdf&doi=586948b8396932dd13d9e5a880e77cb7618a273f|access-date=29 June 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Smith|first1=J. L. D.|last2=McDougal|first2=C.|last3=Miquelle|first3=D.|year=1989|title=Scent marking in free-ranging tigers, ''Panthera tigris''|url=|journal=Animal Behaviour|volume=37|pages=1–10|doi=10.1016/0003-3472(89)90001-8|bibcode=1989AnBeh..37....1D|s2cid=53149100|name-list-style=amp}}</ref>{{sfn|Thapar|2004|p=105}} Scent markings also allow an individual to pick up information on another's identity. Unclaimed home ranges, particularly those that belonged to a deceased individual, can be taken over in days or weeks.<ref name="Miquelle" /> Male tigers are generally less tolerant of other males within their home ranges than females are of other females. Disputes are usually solved by intimidation rather than fighting. Once [[Dominance (ethology)|dominance]] has been established, a male may tolerate a subordinate within his range, as long as they do not come near him. The most serious disputes tend to occur between two males competing for a female in [[oestrus]].{{sfn|Mills|2004|pp=85–86}} Though tigers mostly live alone, relationships between individuals can be complex. Tigers are particularly social at kills and a male tiger will sometimes share a carcass with the females and cubs within this home range and unlike male lions, will allow them to feed on the kill before he is finished with it. However, a female is more tense when encountering another female at a kill.{{sfn|Schaller|1967|pp=244–251}}{{sfn|Mills|2004|p=89}} === Cumarsáid === During friendly encounters and bonding, tigers [[Bunting (animal behavior)|rub against]] each other's bodies.{{sfn|Schaller|1967|pp=262–263}} Facial expressions include the "defence threat", which involves a wrinkled face, bared teeth, pulled-back ears and widened pupils.{{sfn|Schaller|1967|p=263}}<ref name="Mazak1981" /> Both males and females show a [[flehmen response]], a characteristic curled-lip grimace, when smelling urine markings. Males also use the flehmen to detect the markings made by tigresses in oestrus.<ref name="Mazak1981" /> Tigers will move their ears around to display the white spots, particularly during aggressive encounters and between mothers and cubs.<ref name="WCW">{{Cite book|last1=Sunquist|first1=M. E.|year=2002|last2=Sunquist|first2=F.|name-list-style=amp|title=Wild Cats of the World|publisher=University of Chicago Press|location=Chicago|isbn=978-0-226-77999-7|chapter=Tiger ''Panthera tigris'' (Linnaeus, 1758)|pages=343–372|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IF8nDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA320}}</ref> They also use their tails to signal their mood. To show cordiality, the tail sticks up and sways slowly, while an apprehensive tiger lowers its tail or wags it side-to-side. When calm, the tail hangs low.{{sfn|Thapar|2004|p=29}} Tigers are normally silent but can produce numerous vocalisations.{{sfn|Schaller|1967|p=256}}{{sfn|Thapar|2004|p=99}} They [[roar]] to signal their presence to other individuals over long distances. This vocalisation is forced through an open mouth as it closes and can be heard {{cvt|3|km}} away. They roar multiple times in a row and others respond in kind. Tigers also roar during mating and a mother will roar to call her cubs to her. When tense, tigers moan, a sound similar to a roar but softer and made when the mouth is at least partially closed. Moaning can be heard {{cvt|400|m}} away.<ref name="Mazak1981" />{{sfn|Schaller|1967|pp=258–261}} Aggressive encounters involve [[growling]], [[snarling]] and hissing.{{sfn|Schaller|1967|p=261}} An explosive "coughing roar" or "coughing snarl" is emitted through an open mouth and exposed teeth.<ref name="Mazak1981" />{{sfn|Schaller|1967|p=261}}<ref name="WCW" /> In friendlier situations, tigers [[prusten]], a soft, low-frequency snorting sound similar to [[purring]] in smaller cats.<ref>{{Cite journal|doi=10.1023/A:1020620121416|year=1999|last1=Peters|first1=G.|last2=Tonkin-Leyhausen|first2=B. A.|name-list-style=amp|title=Evolution of acoustic communication signals of mammals: Friendly close-range vocalizations in Felidae (Carnivora)|journal=Journal of Mammalian Evolution|volume=6|issue=2|pages=129–159|s2cid=25252052}}</ref> Tiger mothers communicate with their cubs by grunting, while cubs call back with [[Miaow|miaows]].{{sfn|Schaller|1967|pp=257–258}} When startled, they "woof". They produce a deer-like "pok" sound for unknown reasons, but most often at kills.{{sfn|Schaller|1967|pp=256–258}}{{sfn|Mills|2004|p=62}}<gallery mode="packed" heights="150px"> Íomhá:Panthera_tigris_altaica_28_-_Buffalo_Zoo_(1).jpg|alt=Image of tiger barring teeth|Tíogar Amúrach ag nochtadh a chuid fiacla mar chomhartha ionsaitheachta Íomhá:Sumatran_tiger_(Panthera_tigris_sumatrae)_vocalising.webm|alt=Video of tiger roaring at a zoo|[[Tíogar Sumatrach]] i ngéibheann ag búireadh Íomhá:439280_schots_angry-tiger.wav|Tíogar i gcás ag drantú agus ag drannadh </gallery> === Seilg agus aiste bia === [[Íomhá:RANTHAMBORE_TIGER_RESERVE.jpg|alt=Tiger attacking a sambar deer from behind, pulling on its back|mion|Tíogar Bheangál ag ionsaí [[fia sambar]] in [[Anaclann Tíogair Ranthambore]]]] The tiger is a [[carnivore]] and an [[apex predator]]. [[Abundance (ecology)|Abundance]] and body weight of prey species are assumed to be the main criteria for the tiger's prey selection, both inside and outside protected areas.<ref>{{cite journal|author1=Biswas, S.|name-list-style=amp|author2=Kumar, S.|author3=Bandhopadhyay, M.|author4=Patel, S. K.|author5=Lyngdoh, S.|author6=Pandav, B.|author7=Mondol, S.|year=2023|title=What drives prey selection? Assessment of Tiger (''Panthera tigris'') food habits across the Terai-Arc Landscape, India|journal=Journal of Mammalogy|volume=104|issue=6|pages=1302–1316|doi=10.1093/jmammal/gyad069}}</ref> It feeds mainly on large and medium-sized [[Ungulate|hooved mammals]] such as [[sambar deer]], [[Manchurian wapiti]], [[barasingha]], [[gaur]] and [[wild boar]].<!--Please do not add any more species to this sentence.--><ref name="Hayward">{{cite journal|last1=Hayward|first1=M. W.|last2=Jędrzejewski|first2=W.|last3=Jędrzejewska|first3=B.|year=2012|title=Prey preferences of the tiger ''Panthera tigris''|journal=Journal of Zoology|volume=286|issue=3|pages=221–231|doi=10.1111/j.1469-7998.2011.00871.x|name-list-style=amp}}</ref><ref name="Steinmetz_al2021">{{cite journal|author1=Steinmetz, R.|name-list-style=amp|author2=Seuaturien, N.|author3=Intanajitjuy, P.|author4=Inrueang, P.|author5=Prempree, K.|year=2021|title=The effects of prey depletion on dietary niches of sympatric apex predators in Southeast Asia|journal=Integrative Zoology|volume=16|issue=1|pages=19–32|doi=10.1111/1749-4877.12461|pmid=32627329}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|author1=Variar, A. S.|name-list-style=amp|author2=Anoop, N. R.|author3=Komire, S.|author4=Vinayan, P. A.|author5=Sujin, N. S.|author6=Raj, A.|author7=Prasadan, P. K.|year=2023|title=Prey selection by the Indian tiger (''Panthera tigris tigris'') outside protected areas in Indias Western Ghats: implications for conservation|journal=Food Webs|volume=34|article-number=e00268|doi=10.1016/j.fooweb.2022.e00268|bibcode=2023FWebs..3400268V}}</ref> It also preys opportunistically on smaller species like [[Monkey|monkeys]], [[peafowl]] and other ground-based birds, [[Porcupine|porcupines]] and fish.<ref name="Mazak1981" /><ref name="Miquelle" /> Occasional attacks on [[Asian elephant|Asian elephants]] and [[Indian rhinoceros|Indian rhinoceroses]] have also been reported.<ref>{{cite journal|author1=Karanth, K. U.|year=2003|title=Tiger ecology and conservation in the Indian subcontinent|journal=Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society|volume=100|issue=2 & 3|pages=169–189|url=https://repository.ias.ac.in/89489/1/50p.pdf}}</ref> More often, tigers take the more vulnerable calves.<ref>{{cite journal|author1=Karanth, K. U.|author2=Nichols, J. D.|name-list-style=amp|year=1998|title=Estimation of tiger densities in India using photographic captures and recaptures|journal=Ecology|volume=79|issue=8|pages=2852–2862|doi=10.1890/0012-9658(1998)079[2852:EOTDII]2.0.CO;2|jstor=176521|url=http://erepo.usiu.ac.ke/bitstream/handle/11732/758/Estimation%20of%20tiger%20densities%20in%20India%20using%20photographic%20captures%20and%20recaptures.pdf?sequence=4&isAllowed=y|access-date=16 December 2021|archive-date=27 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221127044620/http://erepo.usiu.ac.ke/bitstream/handle/11732/758/Estimation%20of%20tiger%20densities%20in%20India%20using%20photographic%20captures%20and%20recaptures.pdf?sequence=4&isAllowed=y|url-status=live}}</ref> They sometimes prey on livestock and dogs in close proximity to settlements.<ref name="Mazak1981" /> Tigers occasionally consume vegetation, fruit and minerals for [[dietary fibre]] and supplements.<ref name="Perry">{{cite book|author=Perry, R.|title=The World of the Tiger|year=1965|publisher=Cassell|place=London|pages=133–134|asin=B0007DU2IU}}</ref> Tigers learn to hunt from their mothers, though the ability to hunt may be partially inborn.<ref name="Fàbregas">{{cite journal|last1=Fàbregas|first1=M. C.|last2=Fosgate|first2=G. T.|last3=Koehler|first3=G. M.|year=2015|title=Hunting performance of captive-born South China tigers (''Panthera tigris amoyensis'') on free-ranging prey and implications for their reintroduction|journal=Biological Conservation|volume=192|pages=57–64|doi=10.1016/j.biocon.2015.09.007|bibcode=2015BCons.192...57F|hdl=2263/50208|hdl-access=free|name-list-style=amp}}</ref> Depending on the size of the prey, they typically kill weekly though mothers must kill more often.<ref name="Sunquist2010" /> Families hunt together when cubs are old enough.{{sfn|Thapar|2004|p=63}} They search for prey using vision and hearing.{{sfn|Schaller|1967|pp=284–285}} A tiger will also wait at a watering hole for prey to come by, particularly during hot summer days.{{sfn|Schaller|1967|p=288}}{{sfn|Thapar|2004|p=120}} It is an ambush predator and when approaching potential prey, it crouches with the head lowered and hides in foliage. It switches between creeping forward and staying still. A tiger may even doze off and can stay in the same spot for as long as a day, waiting for prey and launch an attack when the prey is close enough,{{sfn|Thapar|2004|pp=119–120, 122}} usually within {{cvt|30|m}}.<ref name="Sunquist2010" /> If the prey spots it before then, the cat does not pursue further.{{sfn|Schaller|1967|p=288}} A tiger can sprint {{cvt|56|km/h|mph}} and leap {{cvt|10|m}};{{sfn|Schaller|1967|p=287}}{{sfn|Thapar|2004|p=23}} it is not a long-distance runner and gives up a chase if prey outpaces it over a certain distance.{{sfn|Schaller|1967|p=288}} [[Íomhá:Tiger's_killing_wild_boar.jpg|alt=Two tigers attacking a boar|deas|mion|Dhá thíogar Bheangál ag ionsaí [[torc allta]] in [[Anaclann Tíogair Kanha]]]] The tiger attacks from behind or at the sides and tries to knock the target off balance. It latches onto prey with its forelimbs, twisting and turning during the struggle and tries to pull it to the ground. The tiger generally applies a [[Throat clamp|bite to the throat]] until its victim dies of [[strangulation]].<ref name="Mazak1981" />{{sfn|Thapar|2004|p=121}}{{sfn|Schaller|1967|p=295}}{{sfn|Mills|2004|p=24}} It has an average bite force at the canine tips of 1234.3 [[Newton (unit)|newtons]].<ref>{{cite journal|author=Christiansen, P.|year=2007|title=Canine morphology in the larger Felidae: implications for feeding ecology|journal=Biological Journal of the Linnean Society|volume=91|issue=4|pages=573–592|doi=10.1111/j.1095-8312.2007.00819.x|doi-access=free}}</ref> Holding onto the throat puts the cat out of reach of horns, antlers, tusks and hooves.{{sfn|Thapar|2004|p=121}}{{sfn|Schaller|1967|pp=295–296}} Tigers are adaptable killers and may use other methods, including ripping the throat or breaking the neck. Large prey may be disabled by a bite to the back of the [[Hock (anatomy)|hock]], severing the tendon. Swipes from the large paws are capable of stunning or breaking the skull of a [[water buffalo]].{{sfn|Thapar|2004|p=126}} They kill small prey with a bite to the back of the neck or head.{{sfn|Schaller|1967|p=289}}<ref name="Sunquist2010" /> Estimates of the [[Hunting success|success rate]] for hunting tigers range from a low of 5% to a high of 50%. They are sometimes killed or injured by large or dangerous prey like gaur, buffalo and boar.<ref name="Sunquist2010" /> Tigers typically move kills to a private, usually vegetated spot no further than {{cvt|183|m}}, though they have been recorded dragging them {{cvt|549|m}}. They are strong enough to drag the carcass of a fully grown buffalo for some distance. They rest for a while before eating and can consume as much as {{cvt|50|kg}} of meat in one session, but feed on a carcass for several days, leaving little for scavengers.{{sfn|Schaller|1967|pp=297–300}} === Iomaitheoirí === [[Íomhá:Tigerdholes.jpg|alt=Painting of dhole pack attacking a tiger|mion|Léaráid ón bhliain 1807 de [[Madra fiáin Áiseach|madraí fiáine Áiseacha]] ag ionsaí tíogair]] In much of their range, tigers share habitat with leopards and [[Dhole|dholes]]. They typically dominate both of them, though with dholes it depends on their pack size. Interactions between the three predators involve chasing, [[Kleptoparasitism|stealing kills]] and direct killing.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Srivathsa|first1=A.|last2=Ramachandran|first2=V.|last3=Saravanan|first3=P.|last4=Sureshbabu|first4=A.|last5=Ganguly|first5=D.|last6=Ramakrishnan|first6=U.|year=2023|title=Topcats and underdogs: intraguild interactions among three apex carnivores across Asia's forestscapes|journal=Biological Reviews|volume=98|issue=6|pages=2114–2135|doi=10.1111/brv.12998|pmid=37449566|s2cid=259903849|name-list-style=amp}}</ref> Large dhole packs may kill tigers.{{sfn|Thapar|2004|p=136}} Tigers, leopards and dholes coexist by hunting different sized prey.<ref name="Karanth">{{cite journal|last=Karanth|first=K. U.|author2=Sunquist, M. E.|name-list-style=amp|year=2000|title=Behavioural correlates of predation by tiger (''Panthera tigris''), leopard (''Panthera pardus'') and dhole (''Cuon alpinus'') in Nagarahole, India|journal=Journal of Zoology|volume=250|pages=255–265|doi=10.1111/j.1469-7998.2000.tb01076.x|issue=2}}</ref> In [[Nagarhole National Park]], the average weight for tiger kills was found to be {{cvt|91.5|kg}}, compared to {{cvt|37.6|kg}} for leopards and {{cvt|43.4|kg}} for dholes.<ref name="KaranthSunquist1995">{{cite journal|author1=Karanth, K. U.|author2=Sunquist, M. E.|name-list-style=amp|title=Prey selection by tiger, leopard and dhole in tropical forests|jstor=5647|doi=10.2307/5647|journal=Journal of Animal Ecology|volume=64|issue=4|year=1995|pages=439–450|bibcode=1995JAnEc..64..439K}}</ref> In [[Kui Buri National Park]], following a reduction in prey numbers, tigers continued to kill favoured prey while leopards and dholes increased their consumption of small prey.<ref name="Steinmetz_al2021" /> Both leopards and dholes can live successfully in tiger habitat when there is abundant food and vegetation cover.<ref name="Karanth" /><ref>{{cite journal|author1=Odden, M.|name-list-style=amp|author2=Wegge, P.|author3=Fredriksen, T.|year=2010|title=Do tigers displace leopards? If so, why?|journal=Ecological Research|volume=25|issue=4|pages=875–881|doi=10.1007/s11284-010-0723-1|bibcode=2010EcoR...25..875O}}</ref> Otherwise, they appear to be less common where tigers are numerous. The recovery of the tiger population in [[Rajaji National Park]] during the 2000s led to a reduction in leopard population densities.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Harihar|first1=A.|last2=Pandav|first2=B.|last3=Goyal|first3=S. P.|year=2011|title=Responses of leopard ''Panthera pardus'' to the recovery of a tiger ''Panthera tigris'' population|journal=Journal of Applied Ecology|volume=48|issue=3|pages=806–814|doi=10.1111/j.1365-2664.2011.01981.x|doi-access=free|bibcode=2011JApEc..48..806H|name-list-style=amp}}</ref> Similarly, at two sites in central India the size of dhole packs was negatively correlated with tiger densities.<ref>{{cite journal|author1=Habib, B.|name-list-style=amp|author2=Nigam P.|author3=Ghaskadbi P.|author4=Bhandari A.|year=2021|title=Dhole pack size variation: Assessing the effect of prey availability and apex predator|journal=Ecology and Evolution|volume=11|issue=9|pages=4774–4785|doi=10.1002/ece3.7380|pmid=33976847|pmc=8093734|bibcode=2021EcoEv..11.4774B}}</ref> Leopard and dhole distribution in Kui Buri correlated with both prey access and tiger scarcity.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Steinmetz|first1=R.|last2=Seuaturien|first2=N.|last3=Chutipong|first3=W.|name-list-style=amp|year=2013|title=Tigers, leopards, and dholes in a half-empty forest: Assessing species interactions in a guild of threatened carnivores|journal=Biological Conservation|volume=163|pages=68–78|doi=10.1016/j.biocon.2012.12.016|bibcode=2013BCons.163...68S}}</ref> In [[Jigme Dorji National Park]], tigers were found to inhabit the deeper parts of forests while the smaller predators were pushed closer to the fringes.<ref>{{cite journal|author=Thinley, P.|author2=Rajaratnam, R.|author3=Lassoie, J. P.|author4=Morreale, S. J.|author5=Curtis, P. D.|author6=Vernes, K.|author7=Leki Leki|author8=Phuntsho, S.|author9=Dorji, T.|author10=Dorji, P.|name-list-style=amp|year=2018|title=The ecological benefit of tigers (''Panthera tigris'') to farmers in reducing crop and livestock losses in the eastern Himalayas: Implications for conservation of large apex predators|journal=Biological Conservation|volume=219|pages=119–125|doi=10.1016/j.biocon.2018.01.015|doi-access=free|bibcode=2018BCons.219..119T}}</ref> === Atáirgeadh agus saolré === {{Redirect|Tiger cub|other uses|Tiger Cub (disambiguation){{!}}Tiger Cub}} [[Íomhá:Tigeress_with_cubs_in_Kanha_Tiger_reserve.jpg|alt=Tiger with cubs|mion|Clann tíogair Bheangál in Anaclann Tíogair Kanha]] The tiger generally [[Mating|mates]] all year round, particularly between November and April. A tigress is in oestrus for three to six days at a time, separated by three to nine week intervals.<ref name="Mazak1981" /> A resident male mates with all the females within his home range, who signal their receptiveness by roaring and marking.{{sfn|Mills|2004|p=42}}{{sfn|Thapar|2004|p=145}} Younger, transient males are also attracted, leading to a fight in which the more dominant, resident male drives the usurper off.<ref name="Sankhala">{{cite journal|last1=Sankhala|first1=K. S.|year=1967|title=Breeding behaviour of the tiger ''Panthera tigris'' in Rajasthan|journal=International Zoo Yearbook|volume=7|issue=1|pages=133–147|doi=10.1111/j.1748-1090.1967.tb00354.x}}</ref>{{sfn|Mills|2004|p=42}} During courtship, the male is cautious with the female until she shows readiness to mate by positioning herself in [[Lordosis behavior|lordosis]] with her tail to the side. [[Copulation (zoology)|Copulation]] typically lasts no more than 20 seconds, with the male biting the female by the scruff of her neck. After it is finished, the male quickly pulls away as the female may turn and slap him.{{sfn|Mills|2004|p=42}} Tiger pairs may stay together for up to four days and mate multiple times.{{sfn|Thapar|2004|p=148}} [[Gestation]] lasts around or over three months.<ref name="Mazak1981" /> A tigress gives birth in a secluded location, be it in dense vegetation, in a cave or under a rocky shelter.{{sfn|Thapar|2004|p=45}} [[Litter (zoology)|Litters]] consist of as many as seven cubs, but two or three are more typical.<ref name="Sankhala" />{{sfn|Thapar|2004|p=45}} Newborn cubs weigh {{cvt|785|–|1610|g}} and are blind and underdeveloped ([[Precociality and altriciality|altricial]]).{{sfn|Thapar|2004|p=45}} The mother licks and cleans her cubs, suckles them and viciously defends them from any potential threat.<ref name="Sankhala" /> Cubs open their eyes at the age of three to 14 days and their vision becomes clear after a few more weeks.{{sfn|Thapar|2004|p=45}} They can leave the denning site after two months and around the same time they start eating meat.<ref name="Sankhala" />{{sfn|Mills|2004|pp=50–51}} The mother only leaves them alone to hunt and even then she does not travel far.{{sfn|Mills|2004|p=50}} When she suspects an area is no longer safe, she moves her cubs to a new spot, transporting them one by one by grabbing them by the scruff of the neck with her mouth.{{sfn|Thapar|2004|p=51}} A tigress in Sikhote-Alin Biosphere Reserve maximised the time spent with her cubs by reducing her home range, killing larger prey and returning to her den more rapidly than without cubs; when the cubs started to eat meat, she took them to kill sites, thereby optimising their protection and access to food.<ref>{{cite journal|author1=Petrunenko, Y. K.|name-list-style=amp|author2=Seryodkin, I. V.|author3=Bragina, E. V.|author4=Soutyrina, S. S.|author5=Mukhacheva, A. S.|author6=Rybin, N. N.|author7=Miquelle, D. G.|year=2019|title=How does a tigress balance the opposing constraints of raising cubs?|journal=Mammal Research|volume=65|issue=2|pages=245–253|doi=10.1007/s13364-019-00466-x}}</ref> In the same reserve, one of 21 cubs died in over eight years of monitoring and mortality did not differ between male and female juveniles.<ref>{{cite journal|author1=Robinson, H. S.|name-list-style=amp|author2=Goodrich, J. M.|author3=Miquelle, D. G.|author4=Miller, C. S.|author5=Seryodkin, I. V.|year=2015|title=Mortality of Amur tigers: The more things change, the more they stay the same|journal=Integrative Zoology|volume=10|issue=4|pages=344–353|doi=10.1111/1749-4877.12147|pmid=26096683}}</ref> Tiger monitoring over six years in [[Ranthambore Tiger Reserve]] indicated an average annual survival rate of around 85 percent for 74 male and female cubs; survival rate increased to 97 percent for both males and female juveniles of one to two years of age.<ref name="Sadhu2017">{{cite journal|author1=Sadhu, A.|name-list-style=amp|author2=Jayam, P. P. C.|author3=Qureshi, Q.|author4=Shekhawat, R. S.|author5=Sharma, S.|author6=Jhala, Y. V.|year=2017|title=Demography of a small, isolated tiger (''Panthera tigris tigris'') population in a semi-arid region of western India|journal=BMC Zoology|volume=2|article-number=16|doi=10.1186/s40850-017-0025-y|doi-access=free}}</ref> Causes of cub mortality include predators, floods, fires, death of the mother and fatal injuries.{{sfn|Thapar|2004|p=51}}{{sfn|Mills|2004|p=51}}<ref name="Barlow2009">{{cite journal|author1=Barlow, A. C. D.|name-list-style=amp|author2=McDougal, C.|author3=Smith, J. L. D.|author4=Gurung, B.|author5=Bhatta, S. R.|author6=Kumal, S.|author7=Mahato, B.|author8=Taman, D. B.|year=2009|title=Temporal variation in Tiger (''Panthera tigris'') populations and its implications for monitoring|journal=Journal of Mammalogy|volume=90|issue=2|pages=472–478|doi=10.1644/07-MAMM-A-415.1|bibcode=2009JMamm..90..472B|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref name="Sadhu2017" /> [[Íomhá:Panthera_tigris_altaica_13_-_Buffalo_Zoo.jpg|alt=Tigress with cub in snow|mion|Bantíogar Amúrach lena coileán i [[Zú Buffalo]]]] After around two months, the cubs are able to follow their mother. They still hide in vegetation when she goes hunting. Young bond through play fighting and practice stalking. A hierarchy develops in the litter, with the biggest cub, often a male, being the most dominant and the first to eat its fill at a kill.{{sfn|Mills|2004|pp=61, 66–67}} Around the age of six months, cubs are fully weaned and have more freedom to explore their environment. Between eight and ten months, they accompany their mother on hunts.{{sfn|Thapar|2004|p=63}} A cub can make a kill as early as 11 months and reach independence as a juvenile of 18 to 24 months of age; males become independent earlier than females.{{sfn|Schaller|1967|pp=270, 276}}<ref name="Sadhu2017" /> Radio-collared tigers in Chitwan started leaving their natal areas at the age of 19 months.<ref name="Smith1993" /> Young females are [[Sexual maturity|sexually mature]] at three to four years, whereas males are at four to five years.<ref name="Mazak1981" /> [[Generation time|Generation length]] of the tiger is about 7–10 years.<ref>{{cite journal|title=Generation length for mammals|author=Pacifici, M.|author2=Santini, L.|author3=Di Marco, M.|author4=Baisero, D.|author5=Francucci, L.|author6=Grottolo Marasini, G.|author7=Visconti, P.|author8=Rondinini, C.|journal=Nature Conservation|year=2013|volume=5|issue=5|pages=87–94|doi=10.3897/natureconservation.5.5734|doi-access=free|name-list-style=amp}}</ref> Wild Bengal tigers live 12–15 years.<ref>{{cite journal|author=Majumder, A.|year=2023|title=Survival strategy – Temporal segregation of different age and sex classes of a Bengal tiger (''Panthera tigris tigris'' Linnaeus) population in Pench Tiger Reserve, Madhya Pradesh India|journal=Journal of Animal Diversity|volume=5|issue=3|pages=43–54|doi=10.61186/JAD.2023.5.3.5|doi-access=free}}</ref> Data from the International Tiger [[Studbook]] 1938–2018 indicate that captive tigers lived up to 19 years.<ref>{{cite journal|author1=Tidière, M.|name-list-style=amp|author2=Müller, P.|author3=Sliwa, A.|author4=Siberchicot, A.|author5=Douay, G.|year=2021|title=Sex-specific actuarial and reproductive senescence in zoo-housed tiger (''Panthera tigris''): The importance of sub-species for conservation|journal=Zoo Biology|volume=40|issue=4|pages=320–329|doi=10.1002/zoo.21610|pmid=33861886|url=https://findresearcher.sdu.dk/ws/files/182491417/zoo.21610.pdf}}</ref> The father does not play a role in raising the young, but he encounters and interacts with them. The resident male appears to visit the female–cub families within his home range. They socialise and even share kills.{{sfn|Mills|2004|pp=59, 89}}{{sfn|Thapar|2004|pp=55–56}} One male was recorded looking after cubs whose mother had died.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-south-asia-13598386|work=BBC News|author=Pandey, G.|date=2011|title=India male tiger plays doting dad to orphaned cubs|access-date=14 February 2024|archive-date=8 April 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240408231242/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-south-asia-13598386|url-status=live}}</ref> By defending his home range, the male protects the females and cubs from other males.{{sfn|Mills|2004|p=59}} When a new male takes over, dependent cubs are at risk of [[Infanticide (zoology)|infanticide]] as the male attempts to sire his own young with the females.{{sfn|Thapar|2004|p=66}} A seven-year long study in Chitwan National Park revealed that 12 of 56 detected cubs and juveniles were killed by new males taking over home ranges.<ref name="Barlow2009" /> === Sláinte agus galair === Tá taifid ann de thíogair mar óstaigh sheadáin éagsúla amhail péisteanna ribíneacha cosúil le ''[[Diphyllobothrium]] erinacei'', ''[[Taenia pisiformis]]'' san India agus speicis ''[[Toxocara]]'' san India agus speicis ''[[Physaloptera]] preputialis'', ''[[Dirofilaria]] ursi'' agus ''Uiteinarta'' sa tSibéir.<ref name=":8" /> Tá sé ar eolas go mbíonn [[conslaod]] le fáil i dtíogair Amúracha.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Canine Distemper Virus: an Emerging Disease in Wild Endangered Amur Tigers ( Panthera tigris altaica )|url=https://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/mBio.00410-13|journal=mBio|date=2013|issn=2161-2129|pmc=3747579|pmid=23943758|volume=4|issue=4|doi=10.1128/mBio.00410-13|language=en|author=Seimon, T. A.; Miquelle, D. G.; Chang, T. Y.; Newton, A. L.; Korotkova, I.; Ivanchuk, G.; Lyubchenko, E.; Tupikov, A.; Slabe, E. & McAloose, D.}}</ref> Ionfhabhtú morbillivíris is é is dóichí a bheith mar chúis báis bantíogair i gCianoirthear na Rúise a raibh tástáil dhearfach ar an [[Painleocaipéine fhéilíneach|phainleocaipéine fhéilíneach]] agus an [[Coróinvíreas féilíneach|choróinvíreas fhéilíneach]] aici.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Morbillivirus Infection in a Wild Siberian Tiger in the Russian Far East|url=https://meridian.allenpress.com/jwd/article/46/4/1252/121390/Morbillivirus-Infection-in-a-Wild-Siberian-Tiger|journal=Journal of Wildlife Diseases|date=2010|issn=0090-3558|pages=1252–1256|volume=46|issue=4|doi=10.7589/0090-3558-46.4.1252|language=en|author=Quigley, K. S.; Evermann, J. F.; Leathers, C. W.; Armstrong, D. L.; Goodrich, J.; Duncan, N. M. & Miquelle, D. G.}}</ref> Léirigh samplaí fola ó 11 tíogair fhásta sa Neipeal [[antasubstaintí]] le haghaidh [[Conpharvaivíreas|conpharvaivíris]]-2, [[Heirpéasvíreas féilíneach|heirpéasvíris fhéilínigh]], córóinvíris féilínigh, [[Leiptispioróis|leiptispioróise]] agus ''[[Toxoplasma gondii]]''.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Serologic Survey of Selected Pathogens in Free-Ranging Bengal Tigers (Panthera tigris tigris) in Nepal|url=https://meridian.allenpress.com/jwd/article/57/2/393/451344/Serologic-Survey-of-Selected-Pathogens-in-Free|journal=Journal of Wildlife Diseases|date=2021|issn=0090-3558|volume=57|issue=2|doi=10.7589/JWD-D-20-00046|author=McCauley, D.; Stout, V.; Gairhe, K. P.; Sadaula, A.; Dubovi, E.; Subedi, S. & Kaufman, G. E.}}</ref> == Bagairtí == == Caomhnú == {{Main|Caomhnú an Tíogair}} ''Tuilleadh Eolais: [[Tíogar na 21ú hAoise]]'' {| class="wikitable sortable floatright" |+ Pobal domhanda na dtíogar fiáin !Tír !Bliain !Meastachán |- | {{flagicon|India}} [[An India]]|| 2022 || align="right" |3,167–3,682<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|author=Qureshi, Q.; Jhala, Y. V.; Yadav, S. P. & Mallick, A.|date=2023|url=https://wii.gov.in/images//images/documents/publications/statu_tiger_copredators-2022.pdf|title=Status of tigers, co-predators and prey in India 2022 (PDF)|publisher=National Tiger Conservation Authority & Wildlife Institute of India|location=Deilí Nua, Dehradun}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240505145403/https://wii.gov.in/images//images/documents/publications/statu_tiger_copredators-2022.pdf |date=2024-05-05 }}</ref> |- | {{flagicon|Russia}} [[An Rúis]]|| 2022 || align="right" |573–600<ref name=":5">{{Lua idirlín|teideal=Global Tiger Recovery Program 2.0 (2023-34)|url=https://globaltigerforum.org/global-tiger-recovery-program-2-0-2023-34/|dátarochtana=01-12-2025|language=en-US|foilsitheoir=Global Tiger Forum}}</ref> |- | {{Bratach|Indonesia}} [[An Indinéis]]|| 2022 || align="right" |393<ref name=":5" /> |- | {{Bratach|Nepal}} [[Neipeal]]|| 2022 || align="right" |316–355<ref>{{cite book|year=2022|title=Status of Tigers and Prey in Nepal 2022|location=Kathmandu, Neipeal|publisher=Department of National Parks and Wildlife Conservation and Department of Forests and Soil Conservation. Ministry of Forests and Environment|url=https://dnpwc.gov.np/media/files/Status_of_Tigers_Ic2ylSC.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230408104009/https://dnpwc.gov.np/media/files/Status_of_Tigers_Ic2ylSC.pdf|author=DNPWC & DFSC}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230408104009/https://dnpwc.gov.np/media/files/Status_of_Tigers_Ic2ylSC.pdf |date=2023-04-08 }}</ref> |- | {{Bratach|Thailand}} [[An Téalainn]]|| 2022 || align="right" |148–189<ref name=":5" /> |- | {{Bratach|Malaysia}} [[An Mhalaeisia]]|| 2022 || align="right" |<150<ref name=":5" /> |- | {{Bratach|Bhutan}} [[An Bhútáin]]|| 2022 || align="right" |131<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|author=Department of Forests and Park Services|date=2023|title=National Tiger Survey 2021–22|publisher=Rialtas na Bútaine|location=Thimphu}}</ref> |- | {{Bratach|Bangladesh}} [[An Bhanglaidéis]]|| 2022|| align="right" |118–122<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|author=Begum, S.|date=30 Iúil 2024|title=Tiger population in Sundarban rises by 8-10pc in 2024|publisher=Daily Observer|url=https://www.observerbd.com/news.php?id=482816}}</ref> |- | {{Bratach|China}} [[An tSín]]|| 2022 || align="right"|>60<ref name=":5" /> |- | {{Bratach|Myanmar}} [[Maenmar]]|| 2022 || align="right" |28<ref name=":5" /> |- | '''Iomlán'''|| || align="right" |'''5,638–5,899''' |} Tá an chuma ar an scéal nach bhfuil ach 5000-7000 tíogar fágtha ar domhan. Meastar go bhfuil níos lú na 2500 tíogar fásta sa nádúr. Timpeall na bliana 1900 bhí 100,000 tíogar ann. Bhí naoi bhfospeiceas ann tráth. Ach tá tíogar Bhailí, an tíogar Iávach agus an tíogar Caispeach imithe in éag. Níl ach sé fhospeiceas ann anois, agus iad uile i mbaol: * An [[Tíogar Bheangál]]:<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Bengal tiger|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bengal_tiger|journal=Wikipedia|date=2024-12-11|language=en}}</ref> níos lú na 2000 fágtha * An [[Tíogar Ind-Síneach]]:<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Indochinese tiger|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indochinese_tiger|journal=Wikipedia|date=2024-09-12|language=en}}</ref> 1200-1800 * An [[Tíogar Malaech]]:<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Malayan tiger|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malayan_tiger|journal=Wikipedia|date=2024-12-28|language=en}}</ref> 600-800 * An [[Tíogar Sumatrach]]: 400-500 * An [[Tíogar Amúrach]] (sa [[An tSibéir|tSibéir]]): 400-550. Sna 1940idí ní raibh ach 40 tíogar Amúrach fágtha ach tá suas le 550 ann anois mar cuireadh stop leis an sealgaireacht. * [[Tíogar na Síne Theas]]:<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=South China tiger|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_China_tiger|journal=Wikipedia|date=2024-11-27|language=en}}</ref> díobhaí sa nádúr; 59 i zúnna Tá a ghnáthóg á chailliúint ag an tíogar. Tá an fuadach tíograch coitianta agus maraítear tíogair beagnach gach lá mar úsáidtear a bhfionnadh agus a gcoirp sa leigheas traidisiúnta. == Féach freisin == * An [[Tíogar Sumatrach]] agus an [[Tíogar Amúrach]] * [[An Tíogar Ceilteach]] == Tagairtí == {{Reflist}} == Leabharliosta == * {{Citation |last=Thapar |first=V. |title=Tiger: The Ultimate Guide |date=2004 |url=https://archive.org/details/tigerultimategui0000thap/mode/2up |place=Deilí Nua |publisher=CDS Books |isbn=1-59315-024-5}} * {{Citation |last=Green |first=S. |title=Tiger |date=2006 |issue=2 |place=Londain |publisher=Reaktion Books |isbn=978-1-86189-276-8}} * {{Citation |title=The Encyclopedia of Mammals |date=2001 |issue=2 |editor-last=MacDonald |editor-first=D. |place=Oxford |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-7607-1969-5}} * {{Citation |last=Tilson |first=R. |title=Tigers of the World: The Science, Politics and Conservation of Panthera tigris |date=2010 |issue=2 |place=Londain |publisher=Academic Press |isbn=978-0-08-094751-8 |last2=Nyhus |first2=P. J.}} * {{Citation |last=Mills |first=S. |title=Tiger |date=2004 |url=https://archive.org/details/tiger0000mill/mode/2up |archive-url= |place=Richmond Hill |publisher=Firefly Books |isbn=1-55297-949-0}} * {{Citation |last=Schaller |first=G. B. |title=The Deer and the Tiger: A Study of Wildlife in India |date=1967 |url=https://archive.org/details/deertigerstudyof0000scha/page/n419/mode/2up |place=Chicago |publisher=University of Chicago Press |isbn=0-226-73631-8}} * {{Citation |last=Seidensticker |first=J |title=Riding the Tiger: Tiger Conservation in Human-Dominated Landscapes |date=1999 |url=https://archive.org/details/ridingtigertiger00unse |place=Cambridge |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-64835-6 |last2=Christie |first2=S |last3=Jackson |first3=P}} * {{Citation |last=Sludskii |first=A. A. |title=Tiger Panthera tigris Linnaeus, 1758 |date=1992 |work=Mlekopitajuščie Sovetskogo Soiuza. Moskva: Vysšaia Škola [Mamaigh an Aontais Shóivéadaigh] |volume=II, Part 2. Carnivora (Hyaenas and Cats) |pages=95–202 |editor-last=Heptner |editor-first=V. G. |editor-last2=Sludskii |editor-first2=A. A. |url=https://archive.org/stream/mammalsofsov221992gept#page/94/mode/2up |place=Washington DC |publisher=Smithsonian Institution and the National Science Foundation |isbn=978-90-04-08876-4}} {{síol ainmhí}} [[Catagóir:Tíogair]] [[Catagóir:Cait]] acfocnwdjzt8t3xjlocg5kitjypug2a 1321700 1321686 2026-07-26T13:59:51Z An Sionnach Rua 29036 1321700 wikitext text/x-wiki {{WD Bosca Sonraí Ainmhí Bheo}} [[File:A walk with the Tigress.webm|thumb|right|tíogar]] Is cat mór é an '''tíogar''' ('''''Panthera tigris''''')<ref name="Tearma">{{Cite web-en|url=https://www.tearma.ie/q/Panthera%20tigris/|title=“Panthera tigris” {{!}} téarma.ie|publisher=[[An Coiste Téarmaíochta]]|work=[[Téarma.ie]]: An Bunachar Náisiúnta Téarmaíochta don Ghaeilge|access-date=2023-06-26}}</ref><ref name="Linn1758" /> ar ball é den ghéineas ''[[Panthera]]'' a thagann ón [[An Áise|Áise]] ó dhúchas. Tá corp láidir agus matánach aige a bhfuil ceann agus lapaí móra, eireaball fada agus fionnadh flannbhuí le stríoca dubha atá ceartingearach don chuid is mó air. Rangaítear in naoi [[Fospeiceas|bhfospeiceas]] [[Holaicéineach|reatha]] é go traidisiúnta cé nach n-aithníonn roinnt daoine agus eagraíochtaí ach an dá fhospeiceas, tíogair na mórthíre Áisí agus tíogair oileáin na [[Oileáin Sunda|nOileán Sunda]]. Cuireann an tíogar faoi i bhforaoisí den chuid is mó, idir [[Foraois leathanduilleach agus mheasctha mheasartha|foraoisí leathanduilleacha agus measctha measartha]] agus [[Cónaiféar|buaircíneach]] i [[Cianoirthear na Rúise|gCianoirthear na Rúise]] agus [[Oirthuaisceart na Síne]] agus [[Foraois leathanduilleach thais thrópaiceach agus fhothrópaiceach|foraoisí leathanduilleacha taise trópaiceacha agus fothrópaiceacha]] i [[Fo-ilchríoch na hIndia|bhfo-ilchríoch na hIndia]] agus in [[Oirdheisceart na hÁise]]. Is [[buaicchreachadóir]] é an tíogar a chreachann [[Crúbach|crúbaigh]] roimh a ndéanann sé luíochán go príomha. Caitheann sé saol atá aonarach go hiondúil agus bíonn [[raon baile]] a chosnaíonn sé roimh indibhidiúil den ghnéas chéanna aige. Forluíonn raon an fhireannaigh raoin go leor baineannach lena chúplálann sé. De ghnáth, beireann an baineannach idir dhá agus trí choileán a fhanann lena máthair ar feadh dhá bhliain. Nuair a bhíonn na coileáin neamhspleách, fágann siad raon baile a máthar agus bunaíonn siad a raon féin. Ó bhlianta luaithe na fichiú haoise, is in ísle a ndeachaigh raon baile na dtíogar agus ar a laghad 93% dá raon stairiúil caillte acu; tá siad [[Díothú áitiúil|díothaithe go háitiúil]] in [[Iarthar na hÁise|Iarthar]] agus i [[Lár na hÁise]] agus i gcodanna móra na [[An tSín|Síne]] chomh maith leis na hoileáin [[Iáva]] agus [[Bailí]]. Tá raon an tíogair scoilte go dona sa lá atá inniu ann. Liostaítear mar [[Speiceas i mbaol (Stádas AICD)|speiceas i mbaol]] é ar [[Liosta Dearg an AICD de Speicis i mBaol]] mar meastar gur laghdaigh a raon idir 53% go 68% ó bhí na 1990idí déanacha ann. Tá go leor bagairtí móra ag cur le stádas reatha na dtíogar idir [[Scriosadh gnáthóige|scriosadh]] agus [[Ilroinnt gnáthóige|ilroinnt a ngnáthóige]] mar gheall ar [[Dífhoraoisiú|dhífhoraoisiú]], [[póitseáil]] ar son a bhfionnaidh agus trádáil mhídhleathach a gcodanna coirp ar mhaithe le cúrsaí leighis. Is íospartaigh na [[An choinbhleacht daonna-fiadhúlra|coinbhleachta daonna-fiadhúlra]] iad na tíogair fosta mar ionsaíonn agus creachann siad an beostoc i gceantair nach bhfuil mórán creach nádúrtha le fáil iontu. Tá cosaint dhlíthiúil ag an tíogar in chuile thír laistigh dá raon. Cuimsíonn cuir chuige náisiúnta pleananna gníomhaíochta, [[patróil fhrith-phóitseála]] agus scéimeanna monatóireachta líon na dtíogar. Bunaíodh [[Conair fhiadhúlra|conairí fiadhúlra]] i gcuid mhaith de na tíortha laistigh dá raon agus tá athbhunú tíogar pleanáilte iontu.<ref name=":3">{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Panthera tigris|url=https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/15955/214862019|date=2021-12-15|doi=10.2305/iucn.uk.2022-1.rlts.t15955a214862019.en|language=en|author=Goodrich, J., Wibisono, H., Miquelle, D., Lynam, A.J., Sanderson, E., Chapman, S., Gray, T.N.E., Chanchani, P. & Harihar, A.|journal=The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species|publisher=IUCN}}</ref> Tá an tíogar ar cheann de na [[Mórfhána carasmatach|mórfhánaí carasmatacha]] is mó a bhfuil tóir air ar fud an domhain. Bhíodh an tíogar i ngéibheann ón chéad lá riamh agus traenáladh é chun seónna a chur ar fáil i [[Sorcas|sorcais]] agus cláracha siamsaíochta eile. Chonacthas an tíogar go forleathan i [[miotaseolaíocht]] agus i [[Béaloideas|mbéaloideas]] ársa na gcultúr fud fad a raon stairiúil agus [[Léirithe cultúrtha an tíogair|chonacthas fós i gcultúr]] ar fud an domhain é sa lá atá inniu ann. == Sanasaíocht == Síolraíonn an [[Seanbhéarla]] ''tigras'' ón [[Seanfhraincis|tSeanfhraincis]] ''tigre'', ón [[An Laidin|Laidin]] ''tigris'', ar iasacht é de ''tigris'' ([[An tSean-Ghréigis|Sean-Ghréigis]]: τίγρις).<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|author=Liddell, H. G. & Scott, R. (Sir Henry Stuart Jones, Roderick McKenzie eag.)|date=1940|url=https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3Dti%2Fgris|title="τίγρις".|journal=A Greek-English Lexicon|publisher=Clarendon Press|location=Oxford|accessdate=21 Feabhra 2021}}</ref> Ón aimsir ársa, meastar go síolraíonn an focal ''tigris'' ón fhocal [[An Airméinis|Arméiniseach]] nó [[An Pheirsis|Pheirsiseach]] ar 'saighead' ar féidir leis a bheith ina bhunús d'ainm abhainn na [[An Tígris|Tigrise]].<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|author=Varro, M. T.; Kent, R. G.|date=1938|url=https://archive.org/details/onlatinlanguage01varruoft/page/96/mode/2up|title="De lingua latina" [On the Latin Language]|journal="XX. Ferarum vocabula" [XX. The names of wild beasts]|pages=lgh. 94-97|publisher=W. Heinemann|location=Londain}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Naming the Tiger in the Early Modern World|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/26560471|journal=Renaissance Quarterly|date=2017|issn=0034-4338|pages=977–1006|volume=70|issue=3|author=David Thorley|doi=10.1086/693884. JSTOR 26560471}}</ref> Sa lá atá inniu ann, áfach, glactar leis gur comhainm atá iontu agus nach bhfuil gaol ar bith ann idir ainm an ainmhí agus na habhann.<ref name=":0" /> == Tacsanomaíocht == Rinne an luibheolaí Sulannach [[Carl von Linné]] an chéad chur síos eolaíoch ar an tíogar ina shaothar ''[[Systema Naturae]]'', áit a fuair sé an [[Ainmníocht dhéthéarmach|t-ainm déthéarmach]] ''Felis tigris'', mar ba ghnách ag an am an géineas ''Felis'' a úsáid le haghaidh na cait ar fad. Bunaítear an [[cur síos eolaíoch]] ar chuir síos a rinne nádúraithe níos luaithe amhail [[Conrad Gessner]] agus [[Ulisse Aldrovandi]].<ref name="Linn1758">{{luaigh foilseachán|author=Linnaeus, C.|year=1758|title=[https://archive.org/stream/mobot31753000798865#page/41/mode/2up "Felis tigris"] Caroli Linnæi Systema naturæ per regna tria naturæ, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis|volume=Tomus I|location=Holmiae|publisher=Laurentius Salvius|language=la|issue=decima, reformata|pages=lch. 41}}</ref> Is in 1929 a chuir [[Reginald Innes Pocock]] an speiceas sa ghéineas ''[[Panthera]]'' faoin ainm dhéthéarmach ''Panthera tigris''.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|author=Pocock, R. I.|date=1929|title=Tigers|journal=Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society|volume=33|issue=3|pages=lgh. 505–541|url=https://archive.org/details/journalofbomb33341929bomb/page/n133}}</ref><ref name=":2" /> === Fospeiceas === {{Anchor|Pobail}}Moladh naoi [[Fospeiceas|bhfospeiceas]] tíogar [[Holaicéineach|reatha]] idir luathbhlianta na 19ú hAois agus na 21ú hAois agus is iad sin an [[tíogar Bheangál]], [[Tíogar Malaech|Malaech]], [[Tíogar Ind-Síneach|Ind-Síneach]], [[Tíogar na Síne Theas|na Síne Theas]], [[Tíogar Amúrach|Amúrach]], [[Tíogar Caispeach|Caispeach]], [[Tíogar Iávach|Iávach]], [[Tíogar Bailí|Bailí]] agus [[Tíogar Sumatrach|Sumatrach]].<ref name="MSW3">{{Luaigh foilseachán|author=[[W. Chris Wozencraft|Wozencraft, W. C.]]|date=2005|title=Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference|issue=3|publisher=Johns Hopkins University Press ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0. OCLC 62265494.|pages=lch. 546|coauthors=[http://www.departments.bucknell.edu/biology/resources/msw3/browse.asp?id=14000259 "Species ''Panthera tigris''"] In [[Don E. Wilson|Wilson, D. E.]]; Reeder, D. M. (eag.)|url=http://www.google.com/books?id=JgAMbNSt8ikC&pg=PA546}}</ref><ref name=Wilting2015/> Ceistíodh [[Bailíocht ainmnithe (zó-eolaíocht)|bailíocht]] cuid mhaith de na fospeicis mar bhí sé de nós an tráth sin iad a idirdhealú bunaithe ar dhath agus fhaid an fhionnaidh, patrúin stríoca agus méid na n-eiseamlár i mbailiúcháin [[Iarsmalann stair an dúlra|iarsmalanna stair an dúlra]] ar féidir nach n-ionadaíonn siad an pobal ar fad. Moladh gur cheart dhá fhospeiceas bailí tíogar a aithint, is iad sin ''P. t. tigris'' ar mhórthír na hÁise agus an speiceas níos lú ''P. t. sondaica'' sna [[Na hOileáin Sunda Mór|hOileáin Sunda Mór]].<ref name="Kitchener1999">Kitchener, A. (1999). "Tiger distribution, phenotypic variation and conservation issues" in {{harvnb|Seidensticker|Christie|Jackson|1999|lgh=19–39|lua=ref=Seidensticker, J.; Christie, S.; Jackson, P.}}, lgh. 19-39</ref> D'athdhearbhaíodh an moladh dhá fhospeicis arís sa bhliain 2015 trí anailís chuimsitheach a dhéanamh ar thréithe moirfeolaíocha, éiceolaíocha agus ADN miteacoindreacha (mtADN) chuile fhospeiceas toimhdean tíogar.<ref name="Wilting2015">{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Planning tiger recovery: Understanding intraspecific variation for effective conservation|url=https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4640610/|journal=Science Advances|date=Mí an Mheithimh 2015|issn=2375-2548|pmc=4640610|pmid=26601191|pages=e1400175|volume=1|issue=5|doi=10.1126/sciadv.1400175|author=Wilting, A.; Courtiol, A.; Christiansen, P.; Niedballa, J.; Scharf, A. K.; Orlando, L.; Balkenhol, N.; Hofer, H.; Kramer-Schadt, S.; Fickel, J. & Kitchener, A. C.}}</ref> In 2017, d'athbhreithnigh Tascfhórsa Catrangaithe Ghrúpa Sainréimse Cat an AICD tacsanomaíocht ''felid'' de réir an mholta dhá fhospeicis 2015 agus níor aithníodh ach ''P. t. tigris'' agus ''P. t. sondaica'' amháin.<ref name="catsg">{{Luaigh foilseachán|author=Kitchener, A. C.; Breitenmoser-Würsten, C.; Eizirik, E.; Gentry, A.; Werdelin, L.; Wilting, A.; Yamaguchi, N.; Abramov, A. V.; Christiansen, P.; Driscoll, C.; Duckworth, J. W.; Johnson, W.; Luo, S.-J.; Meijaard, E.; O'Donoghue, P.; Sanderson, J.; Seymour, K.; Bruford, M.; Groves, C.; Hoffmann, M.; Nowell, K.; Timmons, Z. & Tobe, S.|date=2017|url=https://repository.si.edu/bitstream/handle/10088/32616/A_revised_Felidae_Taxonomy_CatNews.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y#page=66|title=A revised taxonomy of the Felidae: The final report of the Cat Classification Task Force of the IUCN Cat Specialist Group (PDF).|journal=Cat News (Special Issue 11)|pages=lgh. 66-68}}</ref> Léirigh torthaí staidéar seicheamhaithe géinte iomláin 2018 de 32 sampla ón sé fhospeiceas toimhdean beo—an tíogar Bheangál, Malaech, Ind-Síneach, na Síne Theas, Amúrach agus Sumatrach—gur [[Clád|cláid]] shoiléire faoi leith iad.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Genome-Wide Evolutionary Analysis of Natural History and Adaptation in the World’s Tigers|url=https://www.cell.com/current-biology/abstract/S0960-9822(18)31214-4|journal=Current Biology|date=2018|issn=0960-9822|pmid=30482605|pages=3840–3849.e6|volume=28|issue=23|doi=10.1016/j.cub.2018.09.019|language=English|author=Liu, Y.-C.; Sun, X.; Driscoll, C.; Miquelle, D. G.; Xu, X.; Martelli, P.; Uphyrkina, O.; Smith, J. L. D.; O'Brien, S. J. & Luo, S.-J.}}</ref> Chomhthacaíodh leis na torthaí arís in 2021 agus 2023.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Recent Evolutionary History of Tigers Highlights Contrasting Roles of Genetic Drift and Selection|url=https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8136513/|journal=Molecular Biology and Evolution|date=2021|issn=1537-1719|pmc=8136513|pmid=33592092|pages=2366–2379|volume=38|issue=6|doi=10.1093/molbev/msab032|author=Armstrong, E. E.; Khan, A.; Taylor, R. W.; Gouy, A.; Greenbaum, G.; Thiéry, A; Kang, J. T.; Redondo, S. A.; Prost, S.; Barsh, G.; Kaelin, C.; Phalke, S.; Chugani, A.; Gilbert, M.; Miquelle, D.; Zachariah, A.; Borthakur, U.; Reddy, A.; Louis, E.; Ryder, O. A.; Jhala, Y. V.; Petrov, D.; Excoffier, L.; Hadly, E. & Ramakrishnan, U.}}</ref><ref name="Wang2023">{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Population genomic analysis provides evidence of the past success and future potential of South China tiger captive conservation|url=https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10111772/|journal=BMC biology|date=2023|issn=1741-7007|pmc=10111772|pmid=37069598|pages=64|volume=21|issue=1|doi=10.1186/s12915-023-01552-y|author=Wang, C.; Wu, D. D.; Yuan, Y. H.; Yao, M. C.; Han, J. L.; Wu, Y. J.; Shan, F.; Li, W. P.; Zhai, J. Q.; Huang, M; Peng, S. H.; Cai, Q .H.; Yu, J. Y.; Liu, Q. X.; Lui, Z. Y.; Li, L. X.; Teng, M. S.; Huang, W.; Zhou, J. Y.; Zhang, C.; Chen, W. & Tu, X. L.}}</ref> Léirigh staidéar sa bhliain 2023 go bhfuil bailíocht ag an naoi bhfospeiceas reatha ar fad.<ref name=":1">{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Ancient DNA reveals genetic admixture in China during tiger evolution|url=https://www.nature.com/articles/s41559-023-02185-8|journal=Nature Ecology & Evolution|date=2023-11|issn=2397-334X|pages=1914–1929|volume=7|issue=11|doi=10.1038/s41559-023-02185-8|language=en|author=Sun, X.; Liu, Y.-C.; Tiunov, M. P.; Gimranov, D. O.; Zhuang, Y.; Han, Y.; Driscoll, C. A.; Driscoll, C. A.; Pang, Y.; Li, C.; Pan, Y; Velasco, M. S.; Gopalakrishnan, S.; Yang, R.-Z.; Li, B.-G.; Jin, K.; Xu, X.; Uphyrkina, O.; Huang, Y.; Wu, X.-H.; Gilbert, M. T. P.; O'Brien, S. J.; Yamaguchi, N. & Luo, S.-J.}}</ref> Deir an Grúpa Sainréimse Cat "Given the varied interpretations of data, the [subspecific] taxonomy of this species is currently under review by the IUCN SSC Cat Specialist Group." nó i nGaeilge "Mar gheall ar na léirmhínithe éagsúla ar an dáta, tá Grúpa Sainréimse Cat SSC an AICD ag déanamh athbhreithnithe ar thacsanomaíocht [fospeiceasach] an speicis seo".<ref>{{Lua idirlín|teideal=Tiger|url=http://www.catsg.org/index.php?id=124|work=www.catsg.org|dátarochtana=2025-11-27|language=|údar=CatSG|archivedate=2014-11-12|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141112171012/http://www.catsg.org/index.php?id=124}}</ref> Tá na táblaí thíos bunaithe ar [[Tacsanomaíocht (bitheolaíocht)|rangú]] an tíogair mar a bhí in 2005<ref name=MSW3/> agus tugann siad rangú 2017 an Tascfhórsa Catrangaithe le fios chomh maith.<ref name=catsg/>{{clear}} {| class="wikitable" |+ style="text-align: centre;" | ''Panthera tigris tigris'' {{small|(Linnaeus, 1758)}}<ref name=Linn1758/> ! Pobal !! Cur síos !! Íomhá |- style="vertical-align: top;" | [[Tíogar Bheangál]] {{small|ainm déthéarmach ''P. t. tigris'' (von Linné, 1758)}}<ref name="Linn1758" /> | | Cuireann an pobal seo faoi ar [[fo-ilchríoch na hIndia|fho-ilchríoch na hIndia]].<ref name="Jackson1996">{{Luaigh foilseachán|author=Nowell, K. & Jackson, P.|date=1996|url=https://portals.iucn.org/library/sites/library/files/documents/1996-008.pdf#page=80|title="Tiger, Panthera tigris (Linnaeus, 1758)" (PDF).|volume=|pages=lgh. 55-65|publisher=IUCN. ISBN 2-8317-0045-0|location=Gland, Switzerland|journal=Wild Cats: Status Survey and Conservation Action Plan}}</ref> Tá fionnadh níos giorra ar an tíogar Bheangál ná mar atá orthu níos faide ó thuaidh<ref name=":2">{{Luaigh foilseachán|author=Pocock, R. I.|date=1939|url=https://archive.org/stream/PocockMammalia1/pocock1#page/n247/mode/2up|title="Panthera tigris"|journal=The Fauna of British India, Including Ceylon and Burma. Vol. Mammalia|volume=Vol. 1|pages=lgh. 197–210|publisher=T. Taylor and Francis, Ltd|location=Londain}}</ref>, le dath idir [[ciarbhuí]] agus cróchdhearg air<ref name=":2" /><ref>{{cite report|title=Indian National Studbook of the Bengal Tiger (''Panthera tigris tigris'') |publisher=Central Zoo Authority, Wildlife Institute of India |date=2011 |url=https://cza.nic.in/uploads/documents/studbooks/english/Bengal%20Tiger%20Studbook%202011.pdf |last1=Srivastav|first1=A. |last2=Malviya |first2=M. |last3=Tyagi |first3=P. C.|last4=Nigam |first4=P. |name-list-style=amp |access-date=27 May 2024}}</ref> agus polláirí atá measartha fada agus caol.<ref name="Mazák2010"/> | |[[File:Adult male Royal Bengal tiger.jpg|frameless]] |- style="vertical-align: top;" | [[Extinction|†]] [[Tíogar Caispeach]] {{small|ainm déthéarmach ''P. t. virgata'' ([[Johann Karl Wilhelm Illiger|Illiger]], 1815)}}<ref name="Illiger">{{Luaigh foilseachán|author=Illiger, K.|date=1815|title=Überblick der Säugethiere nach ihrer Verteilung über die Welttheile|journal=Abhandlungen der Königlichen Preußischen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin 1804–1811|pages=lgh. 39-159|publisher=Realschul-Buchhandlung|location=Berlin|url=https://bibliothek.bbaw.de/digitalisierte-sammlungen/akademieschriften/ansicht-akademieschriften?tx_bbaw_academicpublicationshow%5Baction%5D=show&tx_bbaw_academicpublicationshow%5Bcontroller%5D=AcademicPublication%5CVolume&tx_bbaw_academicpublicationshow%5Bpage%5D=195&tx_bbaw_academicpublicationshow%5Bvolume%5D=85&cHash=f015ec3f9a13240a9559ebdcb88aafa4}}</ref> | |Bhíodh an pobal seo ag cur faoi ón Túirc go dtí an [[Muir Chaisp|Mhuir Chaisp]].<ref name=Jackson1996/> Bhí fionnadh geal meirgeach rua air le stríoca tanaí a bhí an-ghar dá gcéile<ref>{{Harvnb|Sludskii|1992}}, lch. 137.</ref> agus [[cnámh cúlphlaice]] leathan.<ref name=Kitchener1999/> Nocht anailís ghéiniteach gur garghaol leis an tíogar Amúrach a bhí ann.<ref name="Driscoll2009">{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Mitochondrial Phylogeography Illuminates the Origin of the Extinct Caspian Tiger and Its Relationship to the Amur Tiger|url=https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0004125|journal=PLOS ONE|date=14 Ean 2009|issn=1932-6203|pmc=2624500|pmid=19142238|pages=e4125|volume=4|issue=1|doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0004125|language=en|author=Driscoll, C. A.; Yamaguchi, N.; Bar-Gal, G. K.; Roca, A. L.; Luo, S.; MacDonald, D. W. & O'Brien, S. J.}}</ref> Tá pobal an tíogair seo díothaithe ó bhí na 1970idí ann.<ref name=Seidensticker1999/> | |[[File:Panthera tigris virgata.jpg|frameless]] |- style="vertical-align: top;" | [[Tíogar Amúrach]] {{small|ainm déthéarmach ''P. t. altaica'' ([[Coenraad Jacob Temminck|Temminck]], 1844)}}<ref name="Temminck">{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Aperçu général et spécifique sur les Mammifères qui habitent le Japon et les Iles qui en dépendent|url=https://archive.org/details/faunajaponicasi00sieb/page/43|publisher=Lugduni Batavorum : Apud Auctorem|date=1844|coauthors=In Siebold, P. F. v.; Temminck, C. J.; Schlegel, H. (eag.).; Museum of Comparative Zoology Harvard University|author=Siebold, P. F. v.; Haan, W. de.; Temminck, C. J.; Schlegel, H.|journal=Fauna japonica, sive, Descriptio animalium, quae in itinere per Japoniam, jussu et auspiciis, superiorum, qui summum in India Batava imperium tenent, suscepto, annis 1823-1830|location=Leiden}}</ref> | |Tá cónaí ar an phobal seo tíogar i [[Cianoirthear na Rúise|gCianoirthear na Rúise]], in [[Oirthuaisceart na Síne]] agus b'fhéidir sa [[An Chóiré Thuaidh|Chóiré Thuaidh]].<ref name=Jackson1996/> Tá gruaig fhada agus fionnadh tiubh ar an tíogar Amúrach.<ref name=Temminck/> Athraíonn a dhath talún ó [[ócar]]-buí sa gheimhreadh go dath atá níos rua agus níos beoga tar éis dó a fhionnadh a chur.<ref>{{Harvnb|Sludskii|1992}}, lch. 131.</ref> Tá an blaosc níos giorra agus níos leithne ná blaoscanna na dtíogar ó dheas.<ref name="Mazák2010">{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Craniometric variation in the tiger (Panthera tigris): Implications for patterns of diversity, taxonomy and conservation|url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1616504708000621|journal=Mammalian Biology|date=2010-01-01|issn=1616-5047|pages=45–68|volume=75|issue=1|doi=10.1016/j.mambio.2008.06.003|author=Ji H. Mazák}}</ref> | |[[File:P.t.altaica Tomak Male.jpg|frameless]] |- style="vertical-align: top;" | [[Tíogar na Síne Theas]] {{small|ainm déthéarmach ''P. t. amoyensis'' ([[Max Hilzheimer|Hilzheimer]], 1905)}}<ref name=Hilzheimer>{{cite journal |last=Hilzheimer |first=M. |date=1905 |title=Über einige Tigerschädel aus der Straßburger zoologischen Sammlung |journal=Zoologischer Anzeiger |volume=28 |pages=594–599 |url=https://archive.org/details/zoologischeranze28deut/page/596}}</ref> | |Bhí an tíogar seo le fáil ó dheas i lár na Síne.<ref name=Jackson1996/> Bhí blaoscanna ag an chúig [[Eiseamláir an chineáil|eiseamláir cineáil]] a raibh fiacla [[Fiacla carnasacha|carnasacha]] agus [[cúlfhiacail]] níos giorra acu ná tíogair ón India, cráiniam níos lú, [[logall súile]] a luigh níos gaire dá gcéile le [[Starr iar-logall súile|stairr iar-logall súile]] níos mó; bhíodh a chraicinn sách buí le stríoca a bhí cosúil le [[rombas]].<ref name=Hilzheimer/> Tá [[haplaitíopa]] mtADN faoi leith aige de bharr a phóraithe le seanghinealaigh tíogar.<ref name=catsg/><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":4">{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=An extinct and deeply divergent tiger lineage from northeastern China recognized through palaeogenomics|url=https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9326283/|journal=Proceedings. Biological Sciences|date=2022-07-27|issn=1471-2954|pmc=9326283|pmid=35892215|pages=20220617|volume=289|issue=1979|doi=10.1098/rspb.2022.0617|author=Jiaming Hu, Michael V. Westbury, Junxia Yuan, Chunxue Wang, Bo Xiao, Shungang Chen, Shiwen Song, Linying Wang, Haifeng Lin, Xulong Lai, Guilian Sheng}}</ref> Tá sé díothaithe san fhiántas mar nach bhfacthas go hoifigiúil ó bhí na 1970idí ann,<ref name=":3" /> agus ní mhaireann sé ach i ngéibheann anois.<ref name=Wang2023/> | |[[File:2012 Suedchinesischer Tiger.JPG|frameless]] |- style="vertical-align: top;" | [[Tíogar Ind-Síneach]] {{small|ainm déthéarmach ''P. t. corbetti'' ([[Vratislav Mazák|Mazák]], 1968)}}<ref name="Mazak1968">{{cite journal |last=Mazák|first=V.|date=1968|title=Nouvelle sous-espèce de tigre provenant de l'Asie du sud-est|journal=Mammalia|volume=32|issue=1|pages=104–112|doi=10.1515/mamm.1968.32.1.104}}</ref> | |Faightear pobal an tíogair seo ar an [[Leithinis Ind-Síneach]].<ref name=Jackson1996/> Tá cráiniam níos lú ná ceann an tíogair Bheangál ag eiseamláir an tíogair Ind-Sínigh agus is cosúil go bhfuil fionnadh níos dorcha le stríoca níos tanaí orthu.<ref name=Mazak1968/><ref name="mazak06">{{cite journal|last1=Mazák|first1=J. H.|last2=Groves|first2=C. P.|name-list-style=amp|date=2006|title=A taxonomic revision of the tigers (''Panthera tigris'') of Southeast Asia|journal=Mammalian Biology|volume=71|issue=5|pages=268–287|doi=10.1016/j.mambio.2006.02.007|bibcode=2006MamBi..71..268M|url=http://www.dl.edi-info.ir/A%20taxonomic%20revision%20of%20the%20tigers%20of%20Southeast%20Asia.pdf|access-date=15 January 2024|archive-date=31 May 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230531133543/http://www.dl.edi-info.ir/A%20taxonomic%20revision%20of%20the%20tigers%20of%20Southeast%20Asia.pdf|url-status=live|author=Mazák, J. H. & Groves, C. P.}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230531133543/http://www.dl.edi-info.ir/A%20taxonomic%20revision%20of%20the%20tigers%20of%20Southeast%20Asia.pdf |date=31 Bealtaine 2023 }}</ref> | |[[File:Panthera tigris corbetti (Tierpark Berlin) 832-714-(118).jpg|frameless]] |- style="vertical-align: top;" | [[Tíogar Malaech]] {{small|ainm déthéarmach ''P. t. jacksoni'' (Luo et al., 2004)}}<ref name="Luo04">{{cite journal |date=2004|title=Phylogeography and genetic ancestry of tigers (''Panthera tigris'')|journal=[[PLOS Biology]]|volume=2|issue=12|pmid=15583716|pmc=534810|doi=10.1371/journal.pbio.0020442|author=Luo, S.-J.; Kim, J.-H.; Johnson, W. E.; van der Walt, J.; Martenson, J.; Yuhki, N.; Miquelle, D. G.; Uphyrkina, O.; Goodrich, J. M.; Quigley, H. B.; Tilson, R.; Brady, G.; Martelli, P.; Subramaniam, V.; McDougal, C.; Hean, S.; Huang, S.-Q.; Pan, W.; Karanth, U. K.; Sunquist, M.; Smith, J. L. D. & O'Brien, S. J.|pages=e442}}</ref> | |Moladh an tíogar Malaech mar fhospeiceas faoi leith bunaithe ar dhifríocht idir a mtADN agus a mhionsheichimh satailíte agus iad an tíogair Ind-Sínigh.<ref name=Luo04/> Níl difríocht rómhór idir dath a fhionnaidh ná méid a bhlaoisc agus iad an tíogair Ind-Sínigh ach an oiread.<ref name=mazak06/> Níl aon teorainn shoiléir idir phobail tíogar i dtuaisceart na [[An Mhalaeis|Malaeise]] agus deisceart na [[An Téalainn|Téalainne]].<ref name=":3" /> | |[[File:2012-09-15 Tierpark Berlin 26 (cropped).jpg|frameless]] |} {| class="wikitable" |+ style="text-align: centre;" | ''Panthera tigris sondaica'' {{small|(Temminck, 1844)}}<ref name=catsg/> ! Pobal !! Cur síos !! Íomhá |- style="vertical-align: top;" | †[[Tíogar Iávach]] {{small|ainm déthéarmach ''P. t. sondaica'' (Temminck, 1944)}}<ref name=Temminck/> | |Rinneadh cur síos ar an tíogar seo bunaithe ar líon seithí anaithnid a raibh gruaig ghearr mhín orthu.<ref name=Temminck/> Bhí na tíogair de bhunadh [[Iáva]] measartha beag i gcomparáid le tíogair na mórthíre Áisí, bhí blaoscanna sách fada acu i gcomparáid leis an tíogar Shumatrach agus bhí stríoca níos faide, níos tanaí agus níos iomadúla acu.<ref name=mazak06/> Meastar go bhfuil pobal an tíogair Iávaigh díothaithe ó bhí na 1980idí ann. <ref name=Seidensticker1999/> | |[[File:COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM Een groep mannen en kinderen poseert bij een pas geschoten tijger te Malingping in Bantam West-Java TMnr 10006636.jpg|frameless]] |- style="vertical-align: top;" | †[[Tíogar Bailí]] {{small|ainm déthéarmach ''P. t. balica'' ([[Ernst Schwarz (zoologist)|Schwarz]], 1912)}}<ref name=Schwarz>{{cite journal |last=Schwarz |first=E. |date=1912 |title=Notes on Malay tigers, with description of a new form from Bali |journal=Annals and Magazine of Natural History |pages=324–326 |series=8 |volume=10 |issue=57 |doi=10.1080/00222931208693243 |url=https://archive.org/stream/annalsmagazineof8101912lond#page/324/mode/2up}}</ref> | | Bhíodh an tíogar seo le fáil ar [[Bailí|Bhailí]] agus bhí fionnadh níos gile air agus blaosc níos lú aige ná mar a bhí ag an tíogar Iávach.<ref name=Schwarz/><ref name="der-tiger">{{cite book |author=Mazak, V.|year=2004|title=''Der Tiger''|publisher=Westarp Wissenschaften Hohenwarsleben|location=Madgeburg|isbn=978-3-89432-759-0|language=de}}</ref> Gné tipicúil de bhlaoisc an tíogair Bhailí ná an cnámh cúlphlaice caol atá cosúil le blaosc an tíogar Iávach.<ref>{{cite journal |date=1978|title=Skin and Skull of the Bali Tiger, and a list of preserved specimens of ''Panthera tigris balica'' (Schwarz, 1912)|journal=[[Zeitschrift für Säugetierkunde]]|volume=43|issue=2|pages=108–113|author=Mazák, V.; Groves, C. P. & Van Bree, P.}}</ref> Tá an pobal seo díothaithe ó bhí na 1940idí ann.<ref name="Seidensticker1999">{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Riding the tiger : tiger conservation in human-dominated landscapes|url=http://archive.org/details/ridingtigertiger00unse|publisher=[London] : Zoological Society of London; Cambridge [England]; New York : Cambridge University Press|date=1999|coauthors=Better World Books|author=Seidensticker, J.; Christie, S. & Jackson, P.|pages=lgh. xv-xx}}</ref> | |[[File:Bali tiger zanveld.jpg|frameless]] |- style="vertical-align: top;" | [[Tíogar Sumatrach]] {{small|ainm déthéarmach ''P. t. sumatrae'' ([[Reginald Innes Pocock|Pocock]], 1929)}}<ref name=Pocock1929>{{cite journal |last=Pocock |first=R. I. |date=1929 |title=Tigers |journal=[[Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society]] |volume=33 |pages=505–541 |url=https://archive.org/details/journalofbomb33341929bomb/page/n185}}</ref> | Bhí fionnadh dorcha ar an chéad eiseamlár den tíogar seo arb as [[Sumatra]] dó.<ref name=Pocock1929/> Tá gruaig sách fada um aghaidh an tíogair Shumatraigh<ref name=Jackson1996/> agus tá stríoca tiubha coirp chomh maith le [[cnámh sróine]] níos leithne agus níos lú aige ná mar atá ag na tíogair oileáin eile.<ref name=mazak06/> | |[[File:Panthera tigris sumatrae (Sumatran Tiger) close-up.jpg|frameless]] |} === Éabhlóid === {{Cladogram|{{clade |label1=''[[Panthera]]'' |1={{clade |1={{clade |1=[[Liopard sneachta]] [[File:Schneeleoparden (Panthera uncia) Zoo Salzburg 2014 f white background.jpg|70px]] |2='''Tíogar''' [[File:Tigress in Bandhavgarh NP white background.jpg|70px]] }} |2={{clade |1=[[Iaguar]] [[File:Jaguar (Panthera onca palustris) male Three Brothers River white background.JPG|70px]] |label2=&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |2={{clade |1=[[Liopard]] [[File:Flickr - Rainbirder - Sassy Lassy white background.jpg|70px]] |2=[[Leon]] [[File:Panthera leo -Ngorongoro, Tanzania-8b white background.jpg|70px]] }} }} }} }}|align=right|caption=Fíligineacht an ghéinis ''Panthera'' bunaithe ar staidéar [[ADN núicléach]] ó 2016<ref name=Li_al2016>{{cite journal |date=2016 |title=Phylogenomic evidence for ancient hybridization in the genomes of living cats (Felidae) |journal=Genome Research |volume=26 |issue=1 |pages=1–11 |doi=10.1101/gr.186668.114 |pmid=26518481 |pmc=4691742|author=Li, G.; Davis, B. W.; Eizirik, E.; Murphy, W. J.}}</ref>}}Roinneann an tíogar an géineas ''Panthera'' leis an [[leon]], an [[liopard]], an [[iaguar]] agus an [[liopard sneachta]]. Léiríonn torthaí anailísí ginideacha gur [[comhspeiceas]] iad an tíogar agus an liopard sneachta agus gur scar a [[Ginealach|nginealaigh]] óna gcéile idir 2.70 agus 3.70 milliún bliain ó shin.<ref>{{cite journal |title=Supermatrix and species tree methods resolve phylogenetic relationships within the big cats, ''Panthera'' (Carnivora: Felidae)|url=https://archive.org/details/molecular-phylogenetics-and-evolution_2010-07_56_1/page/68|journal=Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution|year=2010|volume=56|issue=1|pages=64–76|pmid=20138224|doi=10.1016/j.ympev.2010.01.036|bibcode=2010MolPE..56...64D|author=Davis, B. W.; Li, G. & Murphy, W. J.}}</ref> Léiríonn seicheamhú géinte iomláin an tíogair [[Athsheicheamh|athsheichimh]] atá ar chomhthreomhar leo i ngéanóm na gcat eile.<ref>{{Cite journal |title=The tiger genome and comparative analysis with lion and snow leopard genomes|doi=10.1038/ncomms3433|pmid=24045858|pmc=3778509|journal=Nature Communications|volume=4|year=2013|bibcode=2013NatCo...4.2433C|author=Cho, Y. S.; Hu, L.; Hou, H.; Lee, H.; Xu, J.; Kwon, S.; Oh, S.; Kim, H. M.; Jho, S.; Kim, S.; Shin, Y. A.; Kim, B. C.; Kim, H.; Kim, C. U.; Luo, S. J.; Johnson, W. E.; Koepfli, K. P.; Schmidt-Küntzel, A.; Turner, J. A.; Marker, L.; Harper, C.; Miller, S. M.; Jacobs, W.; Bertola, L. D.; Kim, T. H.; Lee, S.; Zhou, Q.; Jung, H. J.; Xu, X. & Gadhvi, P.|pages=2443}}</ref> Rinneadh cur síos ar an speiceas iontaiseach ''[[Panthera palaeosinensis]]'' ón [[Pléisticéineach|Phléisticéineach]] luath i dtuaisceart na Síne mar shinsear féideartha tíogair nuair a aimsíodh é in 1924 ach creideann cláidistíocht an lae inniu go [[Bonnach (fíliginiteach)|bonnspeiceas]] é i gcomparáid le ''Panthera'' na linne seo.<ref name="Mazák">{{cite journal |year=2011|title=Oldest Known Pantherine Skull and Evolution of the Tiger|journal=PLOS ONE|volume=6|issue=10|doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0025483|pmid=22016768|bibcode=2011PLoSO...625483M|pmc=3189913|author=Mazák, J. H.; Christiansen, P. & Kitchener, A. C.|pages=25483}}</ref><ref name="Tseng">{{cite journal |date=2014|title=Himalayan fossils of the oldest known pantherine establish ancient origin of big cats|journal=Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences|volume=281|issue=1774|doi=10.1098/rspb.2013.2686|pmid=24225466|pmc=3843846|author=Tseng, Z. J.; Wang, X.; Slater, G. J.; Takeuchi, G. T.; Li, Q.; Liu, J. & Xie, G.}}</ref> Bhí ''[[Panthera zdanskyi]]'' ina chónaí ann thart ar an am agus an áit chéanna agus moladh gur comhspeiceas leis an tíogar reatha a bhí ann nuair a imscrúdaíodh é sa bhliain 2014.<ref name=Mazák/> Ó 2023 ar aghaidh, áfach, meastar gur comhchiallach é ''P. palaeosinensis'' de ''P. zdanskyi'' in dhá staidéar a rinneadh ina dhiaidh sin nuair a thug siad faoi deara go luíonn na difríochtaí atá aige ón speiceas sin laistigh de réimse na n-éagsúlachtaí indibhidiúla.<ref>{{cite journal |title=The identity of the "lion", ''Panthera principialis'' sp. nov., from the Pliocene Tanzanian site of Laetoli and its significance for molecular dating the pantherine phylogeny, with remarks on Panthera shawi (Broom, 1948), and a revision of Puma incurva (Ewer, 1956), the Early Pleistocene Swartkrans "leopard" (Carnivora, Felidae)|url=|journal=Palaeobiodiversity and Palaeoenvironments|year=2023|volume=103|issue=2|pages=465–487|doi=10.1007/s12549-022-00542-2|bibcode=2023PdPe..103..465H|author=Hemmer, Helmut}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|doi=10.1080/08912963.2022.2034808|title=Discovery of jaguar from northeastern China middle Pleistocene reveals an intercontinental dispersal event|date=2023|journal=Historical Biology|volume=35|issue=3|pages=293–302|bibcode=2023HBio...35..293J|author=Jiangzuo, Q.; Wang, Y.; Ge, J.; Liu, S.; Song, Y.; Jin, C.; Jiang, H. & Liu, J.}}</ref> Is iad blúirí géill a aimsíodh in [[Lantian County|Lantion]] na Síne an nochtadh is luaithe den tíogar reatha sa taifead iontaiseach a théann siar go dtí an Pléisticéineach luath.<ref name=Mazák/> Aimsíodh iontaisí tíogair ón Mheán- go dtí an Luathphléisticéineach fud fad na Síne, Iáva agus Sumatra. I measc na bhfospeiceas réamhstairiúil tá ''[[Panthera tigris trinilensis]]'' agus ''[[Panthera tigris soloensis|P. t. soloensis]]'' de bhunadh Iáva agus Sumatra agus ''[[Panthera tigris acutidens|P. t. acutidens]]'' de bhunadh na Síne; fuarthas iontaisí tíogair ón Phléisticéineach dhéanach agus ón [[An Sealad Holaicéineach|Luathholaicéineach]] i [[Boirneo|mBoirneo]] agus [[Palawan]] na [[Na hOileáin Fhilipíneacha|nOileán Filipíneach]].<ref name="Kitchener2009">Kitchener, A. & Yamaguchi, N. (2009). "What is a Tiger? Biogeography, Morphology, and Taxonomy" in {{harvnb|Tilson|Nyhus|2010|pp=|lgh=}}, lgh. 53–84</ref> Tuairiscítear go bhfuil samplaí den tíogar ón Phléisticéineach Mheán-dheánach a fuarthas sa [[An tSeapáin|tSeapáin]].<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=The Japanese Archipelago sheltered cave lions, not tigers, during the Late Pleistocene|url=https://pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.2523901123|journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences|date=2026-02-10|issn=0027-8424|pmc=12890994|pmid=41587328|volume=123|issue=6|doi=10.1073/pnas.2523901123|language=en|author=Xin Sun, Lanhui Peng, Takumi Tsutaya, Qigao Jiangzuo, Yoshikazu Hasegawa, Yuxin Hou, Yu Han, Yan Zhuang, Nuno Filipe Gomes Martins, Jazmin Ramos Madrigal, Alberto J. Taurozzi, Meaghan Mackie, Gaudry Trochė, Jesper V. Olsen, Enrico Cappellini, Stephen J. O’Brien, M. Thomas P. Gilbert, Nobuyuki Yamaguchi, Shu-Jin Luo}}</ref> Léiríonn torthaí staidéar [[fíleathíreolaíoch]] go bhfuil comhshinsear ag chuile speiceas tíogar beo a bhí beo idir 108,000 agus 72,000 bliain ó shin.<ref name="Luo04" /> Tugann staidéar géinte le fios gur chrap pobal an tíogair thart ar 115,000 bliain ó shin de bharr oighrithe. Síolraíonn pobal reatha na dtíogar ó [[Díseart|dhíseart]] a bhí san Ind-sín agus a leath ar fud na háise tar éis na [[An uasmhéid oighrithe deireanach|huasmhéide oighrithe deireanaí]]. De réir mar a chóilínigh siad oirthuaisceart na Síne, mheasc sinsir an tíogair Ind-sínigh le pobal iarmharach tíogar.<ref name=":4" /><ref name=":1" /> === Hibridí === ''Tuilleadh Eolais: [[Hibridí Feilideacha]] agus [[hibridí Panthera]]'' Is féidir le tíogair idirphórú le cait ''Panthera'' eile agus is amhlaidh atá déanta acu i ngéibheann. Is é an [[leogar]] toradh phóraithe an tíogair bhaininn agus an leoin fhirinn agus is é an [[tígleon]] toradh phóraithe an tíogair fhirinn agus an leoin bhaininn.<ref name="Gabryś">{{cite journal |year=|title=Interspecific hybrids of animals-in nature, breeding and science–a review|journal=Annals of Animal Science|volume=21|issue=2|pages=403–415|doi=10.2478/aoas-2020-0082|author=Gabryś, J.; Kij, B.; Kochan, J. & Bugno-Poniewierska, M.|date=2021|url=https://doi.org/10.2478%2Faoas-2020-0082}}</ref> Cuireann an t-athair leoin géin chur chun cinn an fháis ar aghaidh ach tá géin chomhfhreagrach srianta an fháis ón tíogar bhaineann in easnamh sa mhéad is go bhfásann leogair i bhfad níos mó ná ceachtar de speicis na dtuismitheoirí. Ní chuireann an tíogar fireann géin chur chun cinn an fháis ar aghaidh os a choinne sin cé go gcuireann an leon baineann géin srianta an fháis ar aghaidh; mar sin, bíonn tígleoin thart ar chomh mhéid lena dtuismitheoirí.<ref name="imprinting">{{Lua idirlín|teideal=Genomic Imprinting|url=https://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/epigenetics/imprinting/|dátarochtana=2025-12-01|language=en|foilsitheoir=Genetic Science Learning Center, Utah}}</ref> Toisc gur minic a fhorbraíonn siad éalanga ón bhroinn a mbaineann baol báis leo, glactar le pórú na hibridí mar nós neamheiticiúil.<ref name="Gabryś" /> == Cur síos == [[File:TigerSkelLyd1.png|thumb|left|Creatlach tíogair ó Royal Natural History Imleabhar 1 (1839)|alt=Drawing of tiger skeleton]] Tá morfeolaíocht fheilíneach thipiciúil ag an tíogar a bhfuil corp matánach, cosa giorraithe, géaga tosaigh láidre, lapaí tosaigh leathana, ceann mór agus eireaball atá thart ar leathfhad an choirp eile i bhfad aige.<ref name=":8">{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Panthera tigris|url=https://academic.oup.com/mspecies/article-lookup/doi/10.2307/3504004|journal=Mammalian Species|date=1981|pages=1-8|issue=152|doi=10.2307/3504004|author=Mazák, V.|bibcode=https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1981MamSp.152....1M|id=https://www.jstor.org/stable/3504004}}</ref>{{sfn|Sludskii|1992|p=98}} Tá cúig mhéar aige, [[drúchtchrobh]] ina measc sin, ar na cosa chun tosaigh agus ceithre cinn ar na cosa deiridh, a bhfuil crobha in-aistarraingthe atá fáiscthe agus cuartha ar féidir leo a bheith 10 cm i bhfad aige.<ref name=":8" />{{sfn|Thapar|2004|p=26}} Tá a chuid cluasa cruinn agus tá mac imrisc cruinn ar na súile.<ref name=":8" /> Críochnaíonn an smut i mbarr triantánach a bhfuil poncanna dubha beaga air dá mhéadaíonn a líon agus an tíogar ag dul in aois.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Combination of facial and nose features of Amur tigers to determine age|url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/1749-4877.12817|journal=Integrative Zoology|date=2025-01|issn=1749-4877|pages=186–198|volume=20|issue=1|doi=10.1111/1749-4877.12817|language=en|author=Caiping Zhao, Wenrui Dai, Qiang Liu, Dongqi Liu, Nathan James Roberts, Zhaoli Liu, Ming Gong, Hongkun Qiu, Changhai Liu, Dan Liu, Guangkai Ma, Guangshun Jiang}}</ref> Tá blaosc an tíogair scafánta le réigiún tosaigh teoranta le [[Logall súile|logaill súile]] éilipseacha atá beag go comhréireach, [[Cnámh sróine|cnámha sróine]] fada agus cráiniam fadaithe le [[moing saighdeach]] mór.{{sfn|Sludskii|1992|p=103}}<ref name=":8" /> Tá sé cosúil le blaosc an leoin ach tá difríocht ann idir an dá bhlaosc de bharr íochtar cuasach nó leacaithe an ghéill íochtair agus an tsrón atá níos faide.{{sfn|Sludskii|1992|p=103}}<ref name=":8" /> Tá thart ar 30 fiacail atá sách scafánta ag an tíogar agus tá a [[Starrfhiacail|starrfhiacla]] cuartha ar na cinn is faide i measc na gcat agus iad 6.4-7.6 cm (2.5-3.0 or).<ref name=":8" />{{sfn|Thapar|2004|p=25}} Tá fad cheann-choirp an tíogair idir 1.4-2.8 m (4 tr 7 or - 9 tr 2 or) le heireaball atá 0.6-1.1 m (2 tr 0 or - 3 tr 7 or) agus seasann sé 0.8-1.1 m (2 tr 7 or - 3 tr 7 or) ag an ghualainn.<ref name="Walker">{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Panthera tigris (tiger)|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=T37sFCl43E8C&pg=PA825|publisher=Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press|date=1999-07-29|language=en|author=Novak, R. M. & Walker, E. P|journal=Walker's Mammals of the World|issue=6|pages=825-828}}</ref> Is mó an tíogar Bheangál agus an tíogar Sumatrach de na speicis éagsúla.<ref name=":8" /> Meánn tíogair Bheangál fhireannacha idir 200-260 kg (440-570 lb), agus meánn na baineannaigh idir 100-160 kg (220-250 lb); is lú na tiogair oileánacha de na speicis éagsúla, is cosúil gur de bharr [[abhcacht oileánach]] atá sé.<ref name="Kitchener1999" /> Meánn tiogair Shumatracha fhireannacha idir 100-140 kg (220-310 lb) agus meánn na baineannaigh idir 75-110 kg (165-243 lb).<ref name=":9">Sunquist, M. (2010). "What is a Tiger? Ecology and Behaviour" in {{Harvnb|Tilson|Nyhus|2010|lgh=19/34}}, lgh. 19−34</ref> Meastar gurb é an tíogar an speiceas féilíneach beo is mó ar domhan; ach toisc go bhfuil difríocht mhór méide agus meáchain idir na pobail tíogar éagsúla, is féidir gur lú meánmheáchan an tíogair ná é an leoin, a fhad agus a bhíonn na tíogair is mo níos mó ná na leoin chosúla.<ref name="Kitchener2009" /> === Fionnadh === [[Íomhá:Tiger_Stripes_(29808869755).jpg|alt=Close up of a tiger's fur|mion|Fionnadh an tíogair Amúraigh ar a chliathán (taobh)]] Bíonn ribí gruaige gearra ar fhionnadh an tíogair de ghnáth, ar féidir a bheith chomh fada le 35 mm (1.4 or), ach is féidir le ribí gruaige an tíogair Amúraigh tuaisceart-chónaithigh fad de 105 mm (4.1 or) a shroicheadh. De ghnáth, is faide ribí gruaige an bhoilg ná iad na droma. Bíonn dlús a bhfionnaidh tanaí de ghnáth ach forbraíonn an tíogar Amúrach fionnadh geimhridh atá sách tiubh. Tá línte fionnaidh um aghaidh an tíogair agus guairí fada orthu, na fireannaigh ach go háirithe.<ref name=":8" /> Tá [[Dath ainmhithe|dath]] oráiste air a athraíonn ó scothbhuí go ruánach.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Tiger: the ultimate guide|publisher=CDS books in association with Two brothers press|date=2004|location=New York|author=Valmik Thapar|url=https://archive.org/details/tigerultimategui0000thap/mode/2up}}</ref> Clúdaíonn fionnadh bán an t-íochtar ó cheann go heireaball, thar dromchla istigh na gcos agus codanna den aghaidh.<ref name=":8" /><ref name=":6">{{Harvnb|Sludskii|1992|lgh=99-102}}, lgh. 99-102.</ref> Tá spota bán feiceálach ar chúl na gcluasa atá timpeallaithe le fionnadh dubh.<ref name=":8" /> Marcáiltear an tíogar le stríoca dubha nó dubhdhonna agus bíonn pátrún faoi leith ag chuile thíogar.<ref name=":8" /><ref name=":7">Miquelle, D. "Tiger" in {{Harvnb|MacDonald|2001}}, lgh. 18-21</ref> Bíonn na stríoca ingearach den chuid is mó ach amháin na cinn ar na géaga agus ar an chlár éadain a bhíonn cothrománach. Tá an chuid is mó díobh le feiceáil ar cúl agus is féidir leo ar an cholainn íochtar an bhoilg a shroicheadh. Go hiondúil, bíonn barr géar ar na stríoca agus is féidir leo scaradh óna chéile nó teacht le chéile arís eile. Is bandaí tiubha iad na stríoca eireabaill agus barrtar a dheireadh le dubh.<ref name=":6" /> Tá an tíogar ar cheann den bheagán speiceas cait a bhfuil stríoca orthu.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Why the leopard got its spots: relating pattern development to ecology in felids|url=https://royalsocietypublishing.org/rspb/article/278/1710/1373/73541/Why-the-leopard-got-its-spots-relating-pattern|journal=Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences|date=2011-05-07|issn=0962-8452|pmc=3061134|pmid=20961899|pages=1373–1380|volume=278|issue=1710|doi=10.1098/rspb.2010.1734|language=en|author=William L. Allen, Innes C. Cuthill, Nicholas E. Scott-Samuel, Roland Baddeley}}</ref> Tá stríoca ina mbuntáiste don [[Duaithníocht|nduaithníocht]] i bhfásra a bhfuil pátrúin ingearacha solais agus scátha iontu cosúil le crainnte, giolcaigh agus féir arda.<ref name=":7" /><ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=The Adaptive Significance of Coloration in Mammals|url=https://academic.oup.com/bioscience/article/55/2/125-136/221478|journal=BioScience|date=2005|issn=0006-3568|pages=125-136|volume=55|issue=2|doi=10.1641/0006-3568(2005)055[0125:TASOCI]2.0.CO;2|language=en|author=Tim Caro}}</ref> Tacaíonn staidéar [[anailís Fourier]] a léirigh go n-aontaíonn pátrúin stríoca na dtíogar lena dtimpeallacht leis an teoiric seo.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Zebra stripes and tiger stripes: the spatial frequency distribution of the pattern compared to that of the background is significant in display and crypsis|url=https://academic.oup.com/biolinnean/article-lookup/doi/10.1111/j.1095-8312.1987.tb00442.x|journal=Biological Journal of the Linnean Society|date=1987-12|pages=427–433|volume=32|issue=4|doi=10.1111/j.1095-8312.1987.tb00442.x|language=en|author=D. Godfrey, J. N. Lythgoe, D. A. Rumball}}</ref> Is féidir go gcabhraíonn a ndathú oráiste leo iad a cheilt fosta mar tá creach an tíogair [[Dathdhaille|dathdhall]], rud a chiallaíonn nach bhfeictear an tíogar ach mar rud glas eile laistigh den fhásra. <ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Optimizing colour for camouflage and visibility using deep learning: the effects of the environment and the observer's visual system|url=https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rsif.2019.0183|journal=Journal of The Royal Society Interface|date=2019-05|issn=1742-5689|pages=20190183|volume=16|issue=154|doi=10.1098/rsif.2019.0183|language=en|author=J. G. Fennell, L. Talas, R. J. Baddeley, I. C. Cuthill, N. E. Scott-Samuel}}</ref> ==== Éagsúlacht dhatha ==== [[Íomhá:White_tiger_Nandankanan.jpeg|alt=White tiger with thickened stripes lying down|mion|[[Tíogar bán]] bréag-mhéilineach]] Níl a leithéid de thrí [[Bithathraitheach datha|bhithathraitheach datha]] an tíogair Bheangál – sneachta-bhán an-neamhstríocach, bán agus órga – le fáil san fhiántas sa lá atá inniu ann mar gheall ar laghdú na bpobal fiáin tíogar ach faightear i bpobail i ngéibheann iad fós. Tá dath cúlra bán le stríoca [[séipia]]<nowiki/>dhonna ar an [[Tíogar bán|tíogar bhán]]. Tá dath bán-órga le stríoca ruadhonna ar an [[tíogar órga]]. Is morf le stríoca an-éadroma agus eireaball séipiadhonn-fháinneach é an tíogar sneachta-bhán. Is de thoradh [[tréith chúlaitheach uathshómach]] le [[Lócas (géinitic)|lócas]] bán agus lócas [[Géinitic fhionnaidh chait|leathanbhanda]] iad na morfaí bána agus órga faoi seach. Is de thoradh [[Polaigéin|polaigéinte]] le lócais bhána agus leathanbhanda é an bithathraitheach sneachta-bhán.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=The genetics of tiger pelage color variations|url=https://www.nature.com/articles/cr201732|journal=Cell Research|date=2017-07|issn=1001-0602|pmc=5518981|pmid=28281538|pages=954–957|volume=27|issue=7|doi=10.1038/cr.2017.32|language=en|author=Xiao Xu, Gui-Xin Dong, Anne Schmidt-Küntzel, Xue-Li Zhang, Yan Zhuang, Run Fang, Xin Sun, Xue-Song Hu, Tian-You Zhang, Han-Dong Yang, De-Lu Zhang, Laurie Marker, Zheng-Fan Jiang, Ruiqiang Li, Shu-Jin Luo}}</ref> Tá tógáil an tíogair bháin an-chonspóideach mar níl siad úsáideach ó thaobh an chaomhnaithe de. Níl na géinte don mhorf datha seo ach ag 0.001% de thíogair fhiáine agus is é an t-[[ionphórú]] is cúis le ró-ionadaíocht an tíogair bháin i ngéibheann. Mar sin, má leanann an t-ionphórú seo ar aghaidh, tá an baol ann gurb iad [[spealadh ionphóraithe]] agus caillteanas na [[Inathraitheacht géinte|hinathraitheachta géinte]] i dtíogair i ngéibheann an toradh a bheidh ann.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|author=Xavier, N.|date=2010|url=https://www.currentscience.ac.in/Volumes/99/07/0894.pdf|title=A new conservation policy needed for reintroduction of Bengal tiger-white|journal=Current Science|volume=99|issue=7|pages=894–895}}</ref> Tá taifid ann de thíogair bhréag-[[Méilineach|mhéilineacha]] le stríoca cónascaithe i [[Páirc Náisiúnta Simlipal|bPáirc Náisiúnta Simlipal]] agus i dtrí zú Indiacha; léirigh anailís [[Géineolaíocht phobail|géineolaíochta pobail]] de shamplaí tíogar Indiach go bhfaightear an [[Feinitíopa|féinitíopa]] seo mar thoradh ar [[Sóchán|shócháin]] ghéin [[aimínipeiptíodáis]] [[Próitéin thras-scannáin|thras-scannáin]]. Tá an gné seo ag 37% de phobal tíogair Shimlipal, rud a nasctar le [[leithlisiú géiniteach]].<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=High frequency of an otherwise rare phenotype in a small and isolated tiger population|url=https://pnas.org/doi/full/10.1073/pnas.2025273118|journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences|date=2021-09-28|issn=0027-8424|pmc=8488692|pmid=34518374|volume=118|issue=39|doi=10.1073/pnas.2025273118|language=en|author=Vinay Sagar, Christopher B. Kaelin, Meghana Natesh, P. Anuradha Reddy, Rajesh K. Mohapatra, Himanshu Chhattani, Prachi Thatte, Srinivas Vaidyanathan, Suvankar Biswas, Supriya Bhatt, Shashi Paul, Yadavendradev V. Jhala, Mayank M. Verma, Bivash Pandav, Samrat Mondol, Gregory S. Barsh, Debabrata Swain, Uma Ramakrishnan}}</ref> == Dáileadh agus gnáthóg == [[Íomhá:Tigress_Anna_Savelevna_01.jpg|alt=Picture of tiger in forest at night|mion|Gaiste ceamara de thíogar Amúrach sa Rúis]] Bhíodh cead a chosa ag an tíogar go stairiúil agus cónaí air ó oirthear na Tuirce, tuaisceart na hIaráine agus an Afganastáin go dtí an Áise Láir agus ón Phacastáin thuaidh trí [[Fo-ilchríoch na hIndia|fho-ilchríoch na hIndia]] agus an Ind-Sín go hoirdheisceart na Sibéire, Sumatra, Iáva agus Bailí.<ref name=":8" /> Faoin bhliain 2022, ní raibh sé le fáil ach laistigh de 7% dá limistéar dáilte stairiúil agus bhí raon briste aige i bhfo-ilchríoch na hIndia, [[An Ind-Sín|leithinis na hInd-Síne]], Sumatra, oirthuaisceart na Síne agus [[Cianoirthear na Rúise]].<ref name=":3" /> Faoin bhliain 2020, bhí an t-achar is mó den ghnáthóg tíogair dhomhanda ag an India le 300,508 km² (116,027 mi²) á leanúint ag an Rúis le 195,819 km² (75,606 mi²).<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Range-wide trends in tiger conservation landscapes, 2001 - 2020|url=https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcosc.2023.1191280/full|journal=Frontiers in Conservation Science|date=2023|issn=2673-611X|volume=4|doi=10.3389/fcosc.2023.1191280|author=Sanderson, E. W.; Miquelle, D. G.; Fisher, K.; Harihar, A.; Clark, C.; Moy, J.; Potapov, P.; Robinson, N.; Royte, L.; Sampson, D.; Sanderlin, J.; Yackulic, C. B.; Belecky, M.; Breitenmoser, U.; Breitenmoser-Würsten, C.; Chanchani, P.; Chapman, S.; Deomurari, A.; Duangchantrasiri, S.; Facchini, E.; Gray, T. N. E.; Goodrich, J.; Hunter, L.; Linkie, M.; Marthy, W.; Rasphone, A.; Roy, S.; Sittibal, D.; Tempa, T.; Umponjan, M. & Wood, K.}}</ref> Tá cónaí ar an tíogar i ngnáthóga foraoise den chuid is mó agus is ainmhí an-sholúbtha é.<ref name=":9" /> Léiríonn taifid ón Áise Láir gur chuir sé faoi i bhforaoisí abhann [[Tugay]] agus foraoisí cnoic agus ísilchríche sa [[Réigiún Chugais|Chugais]].<ref>{{Harvnb|Sludskii|1992}}, lgh.&#x20;108–112</ref> I réigiún [[Amur (abhainn)|Amur-Ussuri]] na Rúise agus na Síne, cuireann sé faoi i [[Péine Chóiréach|bpéine Chóiréach]] agus i [[Foraois leathanduilleach agus mheasctha mheasartha|bhforaoisí leathanduilleacha agus measctha measartha]]; feidhmíonn [[Foraois abhann|foraoisí abhann]] mar phasáistí [[Scaipeadh bitheolaíoch|scaipthe]] a chuireann bia agus uisce ar fáil do thíogair agus a gcreach mar aon.<ref>Miquelle, D. G.; Smirnov, E. N.; Merrill, T. W.; Myslenkov, A. E.; Quigley, H.; Hornocker, M. G. & Schleyer, B. (1999). "Hierarchical spatial analysis of Amur tiger relationships to habitat and prey" in {{Harvnb|Seidenstecker|Christie|Jackson|1999}}, lgh. 71-99</ref> Faightear i [[Foraois leathanduilleach thais thrópaiceach agus fhothrópaiceach|bhforaoisí leathanduilleacha taise trópaiceacha agus fo-thrópaiceacha]], foraoisí leathanduilleacha agus measctha measartha, [[Foraois shíorghlasa thais thrópaiceach|foraoisí síorghlasa taise trópaiceacha]], [[Foraois thirim thrópaiceach|foraoisí tirime trópaiceacha]], [[Má thuiltrí|mánna tuiltrí]] agus sna [[Foraois mhangróbh|foraoisí mangróbh]] sna [[Sundarbans]] é go príomhá ar fho-ilchríoch na hIndia.<ref>Wikramanayake, E. D.; Dinerstein, E.; Robinson, J. G.; Karanth, K. U.; Rabinowitz, A.; Olson, D.; Mathew, T.; Hedao, P.; Connor, M.; Hemley, G. & Bolze, D. (1999). "Where can tigers live in the future? A framework for identifying high-priority areas for the conservation of tigers in the wild" in {{harvnb|Seidensticker|Christie|Jackson|1999}}, lgh. 265-267</ref> In [[Oirthear na Himiléithe]], taifeadadh i [[Foraois mheasartha|bhforaoisí measartha]] sa [[An Bhútáin|Bhútáin]] é ar airde de 4,200 m (13,800 tr), agus in oirdheaisceart na [[An Tibéid|Tibéide]] sna [[Cnoic Mishmi]] ar airde de 3,630 m (11,910 tr) agus i [[Contae Mêdog|gContae Mêdog]] ar airde de 3,139 m (10,299 tr).<ref>Jigme, K. & Tharchen, L. (2012). "Camera-trap records of tigers at high altitudes in Bhutan". ''Cat News'' (56): 14–15.</ref><ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=First photographic record of tiger presence at higher elevations of the Mishmi Hills in the Eastern Himalayan Biodiversity Hotspot, Arunachal Pradesh, India|url=https://threatenedtaxa.org/index.php/JoTT/article/view/4381|journal=Journal of Threatened Taxa|date=2018|issn=0974-7907|pages=12833–12836|volume=10|issue=13|doi=10.11609/jott.4381.10.13.12833-12836|author=Adhikarimayum, A. S. & Gopi, G. V.}}</ref><ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Tiger reappearance in Medog highlights the conservation values of the region for this apex predator|url=https://www.zoores.ac.cn/en/article/doi/10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2023.178|journal=Zoological Research|date=2023|issn=2095-8137|pmc=10415778|pmid=37464931|pages=747–749|volume=44|issue=4|doi=10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2023.178|language=en|author=Li, X. Y.; Hu, W. Q.; Wang, H. J. & Jiang, X. L.}}</ref> Cuireann sé faoi i bhforaoisí [[duillsilteach]] agus [[Planda síorghlas|síorghlasa]] sa Téalainn.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=How many tigers Panthera tigris are there in Huai Kha Khaeng Wildlife Sanctuary, Thailand? An estimate using photographic capture-recapture sampling|url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0030605307414107/type/journal_article|journal=Oryx|date=2007|issn=0030-6053|pages=447–453|volume=41|issue=4|doi=10.1017/S0030605307414107|language=en|author=Simcharoen, S.; Pattanavibool, A.; Karanth, K. U.; Nichols, J. D. & Kumar, N. S.}}</ref> In Sumatra, faightear i [[Foraois sheascainn mhóna|bhforaoisí seascainn móna]] ilchríche agus i [[Foraois Montane|bhforaoisí Montane]] garbha.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Population Status of a Cryptic Top Predator: An Island-Wide Assessment of Tigers in Sumatran Rainforests|url=https://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0025931|journal=PLoS ONE|date=2011|issn=1932-6203|pmc=3206793|pmid=22087218|pages=e25931|volume=6|issue=11|doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0025931|language=en|author=Wibisono, H. T.; Linkie, M.; Guillera-Arroita, G.; Smith, J. A.; Sunarto; Pusarini, W.; Asriadi; Baroto, P.; Brickle, N.; Dinata, Y.; Gemita, E.; Gunaryadi, D.; Haidir, I. A. & Herwansyah}}</ref> === Dlús pobail === Nocht [[Gaiste ceamara|gaistí ceamara]] le linn 2010-2015 i bhforaois dhuillsilteach agus phéine fho-thrópaiceach na [[Páirc Náisiúnta Jim Corbett|Páirce Náisiúnta Jim Corbett]] i dtuaisceart na hIndia go bhfuil [[Dlús daonra|dlús phobail]] tíogair seasmhach de 12-17 indibhidiúil in aghaidh gach 100 km² (39 mi²) laistigh de limistéar 521 km² (201 mi²).<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Demography of a high‐density tiger population and its implications for tiger recovery|url=https://besjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/1365-2664.13410|journal=Journal of Applied Ecology|date=2019|issn=0021-8901|pages=1725–1740|volume=56|issue=7|doi=10.1111/1365-2664.13410|language=en|author=Bisht, S.; Banerjee, S.; Qureshi, Q. & Jhala, Y.}}</ref> I dtuaisceart Mhaenmar, measadh dlús phobail tíogair sa limistéar samplála, a raibh thart ar 3,250 km² (1,250 mi²) d'fhoraois leathanduilleach thrópaiceach agus féarthalamh ann, a bheith idir 0.21–0.44 tíogair in aghaidh gach 100 km² (39 mi²) faoin bhliain 2009.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Estimating abundance with sparse data: tigers in northern Myanmar|url=https://esj-journals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1007/s10144-008-0093-5|journal=Population Ecology|date=2009|issn=1438-3896|pages=115–121|volume=51|issue=1|doi=10.1007/s10144-008-0093-5|language=en|author=Lynam, A. J.; Rabinowitz, A.; Myint, T.; Maung, M.; Latt, K. T. & Po, S. H. T.}}</ref> Measadh go bhfuil an dlús phobail i bhforaoisí leath-shíorghlasa agus duillsilteacha measctha [[Anaclann Fiadhúlra Huai Kha Khaeng]] na Téalainne thart ar 2.01 tíogair in aghaidh gach 100 km² (39 mi²); le linn na 1970idí agus 1980idí, tharla [[lománaíocht]] agus póitseáil sna [[Páirc Náisiúnta Mae Wong|Páirceanna Náisiúnta Mae Wong]] agus [[Páirc Náisiúnta Khlong Lan|Khlong Lan]] in aice láimhe, áit a measadh an dlús phobail a bheith i bhfad níos ísle, gan ach 0.359 tíogair in aghaidh gach 100 km² (39 mi²) faoin bhliain 2016.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Tiger density, movements, and immigration outside of a tiger source site in Thailand|url=https://conbio.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/csp2.560|journal=Conservation Science and Practice|date=2021|issn=2578-4854|volume=3|issue=12|doi=10.1111/csp2.560|language=en|author=Phumanee, W.; Steinmetz, R.; Phoonjampa, R.; Weingdow, S.; Phokamanee, S.; Bhumpakphan, N. & Savini, T.}}</ref> Measadh an dlús phobail i bhforaoisí [[Dipterocarpaceae|dipterocarp]] agus montane i dtuaisceart na Malaeise a bheith thart ar 1.47–2.43 tíogair fhásta in aghaidh gach 100 km² (39 mi²) i bPáirc Stáit Belum Ríoga, ach 0.3–0.92 tíogair fhásta a bheith ann in aghaidh gach 100 km² (39 mi²) in [[Anaclann Foraoise Temengor]], áit atá gan chosaint a mbíonn lománaíocht ar siúl [[Lománaíocht roghnaitheach|ar bhonn roghnaitheach]].<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Conserving tigers in Malaysia: A science-driven approach for eliciting conservation policy change|url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0006320714005035|journal=Biological Conservation|date=2015|pages=18–26|volume=184|doi=10.1016/j.biocon.2014.12.024|language=en|author=Rayan, D. M. & Linkie, M.}}</ref> == Iompar agus éiceolaíocht == [[Íomhá:Tigerwater_edit2.jpg|alt=Tiger in water|mion|Tíogar ag folcadh]] Léiríonn sonraí ghaistí ceamara go seachnaíonn tíogair i [[Páirc Náisiúnta Chitwan|bPáirc Náisiúnta Chitwan]] áiteanna a ghnáthaíonn daoine agus gur gníomhaí a bhíonn siad san oíche ná sa ló.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Coexistence between wildlife and humans at fine spatial scales|url=https://pnas.org/doi/full/10.1073/pnas.1210490109|journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences|date=2012|issn=0027-8424|pmc=3458348|pmid=22949642|pages=15360–15365|volume=109|issue=38|doi=10.1073/pnas.1210490109|language=en|author=Carter, N. H.; Shrestha, B. K.; Karki, J. B.; Pradhan, N. M. B. & Liu, J.}}</ref> Ba ghníomhaí sé thíogar a raibh coiléir raidió orthu ó bhreacadh an lae go dtí go luath ar maidin agus a mbuaic á sroicheadh thart ar a 7:00 a chlog ar maidin i [[Páirc Náisiúnta Sundarbans|bPáirc Náisiúnta Sundarbans]]. <ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Ranging, Activity and Habitat Use by Tigers in the Mangrove Forests of the Sundarban|url=https://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0152119|journal=PLOS ONE|date=2016|issn=1932-6203|pmc=4822765|pmid=27049644|pages=e0152119|volume=11|issue=4|doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0152119|language=en|author=Naha, D.; Jhala, Y. V.; Qureshi, Q.; Roy, M.; Sankar, K. & Gopal, R.}}</ref> Nocht suirbhé gaiste ceamara trí bliana i bhfad i [[Páirc Náisiúnta Shuklaphanta|bPáirc Náisiúnta Shuklaphanta]] gur ghníomhaí na tíogair ó chrónú go dtí lár na hoíche.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Coexisting large carnivores: spatial relationships of tigers and leopards and their prey in a prey-rich area in lowland Nepal|url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/11956860.2018.1491512|journal=Écoscience|date=2019|issn=1195-6860|pages=1–9|volume=26|issue=1|doi=10.1080/11956860.2018.1491512|language=en|author=Pokheral, C. P. & Wegge, P.}}</ref> In oirthuaisceart na Síne, bhí tíogair ina [[Ainmhí clapsholais|n-ainmhithe clapsholais]] agus iad gníomhach le linn na hóiche agus a gcuid gníomhaíochtaí ag baint a mbuaic amach ar bhreacadh an lae agus ar chrónú na hoíche; bhíodar gníomhach ag nach mór an t-am céanna agus a bhí a gcuid creiche.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Do prey availability, human disturbance and habitat structure drive the daily activity patterns of Amur tigers ( Panthera tigris altaica )?|url=https://zslpublications.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jzo.12622|journal=Journal of Zoology|date=2019|issn=0952-8369|pages=131–140|volume=307|issue=2|doi=10.1111/jzo.12622|language=en|author=H. Yang, S. Han, B. Xie, P. Mou, X. Kou, T. Wang, J. Ge, L. Feng}}</ref> Is snámhaí cumhachtach é an tíogar a théann trasna aibhneacha atá chomh leathan le 8 km (5.0 mi) go héasca; tumann sé é féin san uisce ar laethanta teo ach go háirithe.<ref name=":7" /> Go ginearálta, níl a scileanna dreaptha crainn chomh cumasach agus atáthar i gcait eile de bharr a mhéide, ach déanann coileáin faoi 16 mhí amhlaidh go rialta.<ref>{{Harvnb|Thapar|2004}}, lgh. 26, 64–66</ref> Taifeadadh tíogar fásta ar dhreapadh dhó 10 m (33 tr) suas [[crann pipal]] mín.<ref name=":8" /> === Scaradh sóisialta === Bíonn saol atá aonarach den chuid is mó ag tíogair fhásta laistigh dá [[Raon baile (ainmhí)|raon baile]] nó [[Dúiche (ainmhí)|ndúiche]], dá bhraitheann a méid ar fhlúirse chreiche, láthair tíreolaíocha agus gnéas an indibhidiúla. Cosaíonn fireannaigh agus baineannaigh a raonta baile roimh thíogair an ghnéis chéanna agus cuimsíonn raon baile na bhfireannach iad go leor baineannach.<ref name=":8" /><ref name=":7" /> Bhí raonta baile de 10.6 agus 14.1 km² (4.1 agus 5.4 mi²) ag dhá bhaineannach sna [[Sundarbans]].<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Female tiger Panthera tigris home range size in the Bangladesh Sundarbans: the value of this mangrove ecosystem for the species’ conservation|url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0030605310001456/type/journal_article|journal=Oryx|date=2011|issn=0030-6053|pages=125–128|volume=45|issue=1|doi=10.1017/S0030605310001456|language=en|author=Barlow, A. C. D.; Smith, J. L. D.; Ahmad, I. U.; Hossain, A. N. M.; Rahman, M. & Howlader, A.}}</ref> In [[Anaclann Tíogair Panna]] d'athraigh raonta baile cúig bhaineannach athbhunaithe ó 53–67 km² (20–26 mi²) sa gheimhreadh go 55–60 km² (21–23 mi²) sa tsamhradh agus 46–94 km² (18–36 mi²) le linn an [[Monsún|mhonsúin]]; bhí raonta baile móra 84–147 km² (32–57 mi²) ag trí fhireannach sa gheimhreadh, 82–98 km² (32–38 mi²) sa tsamhradh agus 81–118 km² (31–46 mi²) le linn shéasúir an mhonsúin.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Movement and home range characteristics of reintroduced tiger (Panthera tigris) population in Panna Tiger Reserve, central India|url=http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10344-016-1026-9|journal=European Journal of Wildlife Research|date=2016|issn=1612-4642|pages=537–547|volume=62|issue=5|doi=10.1007/s10344-016-1026-9|language=en|author=Sarkar, M. S.; Ramesh, K.; Johnson, J. A.; Sen, S.; Nigam, P.; Gupta, S. K.; Murthy, R. S. & Saha, G. K.}}</ref> I [[Tearmann Bithsféir Sikhote-Alin|dTearmann Bithsféir Sikhote-Alin]], bhí raonta baile de 248–520 km² (96–201 mi²) ag 14 baineannach agus de 847–1,923 km² (327–742 mi²) ag cúig fhireannach a chuimsigh iad de chúig bhaineannach ar an uasmhéid.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Spatial structure of Amur (Siberian) tigers ( Panthera tigris altaica ) on Sikhote-Alin Biosphere Zapovednik, Russia|url=https://academic.oup.com/jmammal/article-lookup/doi/10.1644/09-MAMM-A-293.1|journal=Journal of Mammalogy|date=2010|issn=0022-2372|pages=737–748|volume=91|issue=3|doi=10.1644/09-MAMM-A-293.1|language=en|author=Goodrich, J. M.; Miquelle, D. G.; Smirnov, E. M.; Kerley, L. L.; Quigley, H. B. & Hornocker, M. G.}}</ref> Nuair a bhíodh coileáin de cheithre mhí ar an uasaois ag bantíogair sa tearmann céanna, laghdóidís a raonta baile ionas go bhféadfaidís fanacht i ngar dá n-óga agus d'ardóidís a raonta baile de réir a chéile go dtí go mbeadh a n-óga 13–18 mí d'aois.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=The influence of reproductive status on home range size and spatial dynamics of female Amur tigers|url=http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s13364-020-00547-2|journal=Mammal Research|date=2021|issn=2199-2401|pages=83–94|volume=66|issue=1|doi=10.1007/s13364-020-00547-2|language=en|author=Klevtcova, A. V.; Miquelle, D. G.; Seryodkin, I. V.; Bragina, E. V.; Soutyrina, S. V. & Goodrich, J. M.}}</ref> {{image frame|caption=[[Bengal tiger]]s spraying urine (above) and rubbing against a tree to mark territory|content={{CSS image crop |Image = Tiger spray marking. DavidRaju 1.jpg |bSize = 300 |cWidth = 150 |cHeight = 150 |oTop = 30 |oLeft = 30 }}{{CSS image crop |Image = Bijili (A tiger in Ranthambore National Park, 2016) 1.jpg |bSize = 150 |cWidth = 150 |cHeight = 150 |oTop = 30 |oLeft = 0 }}|width=150}} The tiger is a long-ranging species and individuals disperse over distances of up to {{cvt|650|km|mi}} to reach tiger populations in other areas.<ref>{{cite journal|author1=Joshi, A.|author2=Vaidyanathan, S.|author3=Mondol, S.|author4=Edgaonkar, A.|author5=Ramakrishnan, U.|year=2013|title=Connectivity of Tiger (''Panthera tigris'') Populations in the Human-Influenced Forest Mosaic of Central India|journal=PLOS ONE|volume=8|issue=11|article-number=e77980|doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0077980|pmid=24223132|pmc=3819329|bibcode=2013PLoSO...877980J|doi-access=free|name-list-style=amp}}</ref> Young tigresses establish their first home ranges close to their mothers' while males migrate further than their female counterparts.{{sfn|Thapar|2004|p=76}} Four [[Radio telemetry|radio-collared]] females in Chitwan dispersed between {{cvt|0|and|43.2|km|mi}} and 10 males between {{cvt|9.5|and|65.7|km}}.<ref name="Smith1993">{{cite journal|last=Smith|first=J. L. D.|year=1993|title=The role of dispersal in structuring the Chitwan tiger population|volume=124|journal=Behaviour|issue=3|pages=165–195|doi=10.1163/156853993X00560}}</ref> A subadult male lives as a transient in another male's home range until he is older and strong enough to challenge the resident male.{{sfn|Thapar|2004|p=76}}{{sfn|Mills|2004|pp=54–55}} Tigers mark their home ranges by [[Urine spraying|spraying urine]] on vegetation and rocks, clawing or [[scent rubbing]] trees and marking trails with [[faeces]], [[anal gland]] secretions and ground scrapings.<ref name="Miquelle" /><ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Burger|first1=B. V.|last2=Viviers|first2=M. Z.|last3=Bekker|first3=J. P. I.|last4=Roux|first4=M.|last5=Fish|first5=N.|last6=Fourie|first6=W. B.|last7=Weibchen|first7=G.|year=2008|title=Chemical characterization of territorial marking fluid of male Bengal tiger, ''Panthera tigris''|journal=Journal of Chemical Ecology|volume=34|issue=5|pages=659–671|doi=10.1007/s10886-008-9462-y|pmid=18437496|bibcode=2008JCEco..34..659B|hdl-access=free|hdl=10019.1/11220|s2cid=5558760|name-list-style=amp|url=https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/document?repid=rep1&type=pdf&doi=586948b8396932dd13d9e5a880e77cb7618a273f|access-date=29 June 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Smith|first1=J. L. D.|last2=McDougal|first2=C.|last3=Miquelle|first3=D.|year=1989|title=Scent marking in free-ranging tigers, ''Panthera tigris''|url=|journal=Animal Behaviour|volume=37|pages=1–10|doi=10.1016/0003-3472(89)90001-8|bibcode=1989AnBeh..37....1D|s2cid=53149100|name-list-style=amp}}</ref>{{sfn|Thapar|2004|p=105}} Scent markings also allow an individual to pick up information on another's identity. Unclaimed home ranges, particularly those that belonged to a deceased individual, can be taken over in days or weeks.<ref name="Miquelle" /> Male tigers are generally less tolerant of other males within their home ranges than females are of other females. Disputes are usually solved by intimidation rather than fighting. Once [[Dominance (ethology)|dominance]] has been established, a male may tolerate a subordinate within his range, as long as they do not come near him. The most serious disputes tend to occur between two males competing for a female in [[oestrus]].{{sfn|Mills|2004|pp=85–86}} Though tigers mostly live alone, relationships between individuals can be complex. Tigers are particularly social at kills and a male tiger will sometimes share a carcass with the females and cubs within this home range and unlike male lions, will allow them to feed on the kill before he is finished with it. However, a female is more tense when encountering another female at a kill.{{sfn|Schaller|1967|pp=244–251}}{{sfn|Mills|2004|p=89}} === Cumarsáid === During friendly encounters and bonding, tigers [[Bunting (animal behavior)|rub against]] each other's bodies.{{sfn|Schaller|1967|pp=262–263}} Facial expressions include the "defence threat", which involves a wrinkled face, bared teeth, pulled-back ears and widened pupils.{{sfn|Schaller|1967|p=263}}<ref name="Mazak1981" /> Both males and females show a [[flehmen response]], a characteristic curled-lip grimace, when smelling urine markings. Males also use the flehmen to detect the markings made by tigresses in oestrus.<ref name="Mazak1981" /> Tigers will move their ears around to display the white spots, particularly during aggressive encounters and between mothers and cubs.<ref name="WCW">{{Cite book|last1=Sunquist|first1=M. E.|year=2002|last2=Sunquist|first2=F.|name-list-style=amp|title=Wild Cats of the World|publisher=University of Chicago Press|location=Chicago|isbn=978-0-226-77999-7|chapter=Tiger ''Panthera tigris'' (Linnaeus, 1758)|pages=343–372|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IF8nDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA320}}</ref> They also use their tails to signal their mood. To show cordiality, the tail sticks up and sways slowly, while an apprehensive tiger lowers its tail or wags it side-to-side. When calm, the tail hangs low.{{sfn|Thapar|2004|p=29}} Tigers are normally silent but can produce numerous vocalisations.{{sfn|Schaller|1967|p=256}}{{sfn|Thapar|2004|p=99}} They [[roar]] to signal their presence to other individuals over long distances. This vocalisation is forced through an open mouth as it closes and can be heard {{cvt|3|km}} away. They roar multiple times in a row and others respond in kind. Tigers also roar during mating and a mother will roar to call her cubs to her. When tense, tigers moan, a sound similar to a roar but softer and made when the mouth is at least partially closed. Moaning can be heard {{cvt|400|m}} away.<ref name="Mazak1981" />{{sfn|Schaller|1967|pp=258–261}} Aggressive encounters involve [[growling]], [[snarling]] and hissing.{{sfn|Schaller|1967|p=261}} An explosive "coughing roar" or "coughing snarl" is emitted through an open mouth and exposed teeth.<ref name="Mazak1981" />{{sfn|Schaller|1967|p=261}}<ref name="WCW" /> In friendlier situations, tigers [[prusten]], a soft, low-frequency snorting sound similar to [[purring]] in smaller cats.<ref>{{Cite journal|doi=10.1023/A:1020620121416|year=1999|last1=Peters|first1=G.|last2=Tonkin-Leyhausen|first2=B. A.|name-list-style=amp|title=Evolution of acoustic communication signals of mammals: Friendly close-range vocalizations in Felidae (Carnivora)|journal=Journal of Mammalian Evolution|volume=6|issue=2|pages=129–159|s2cid=25252052}}</ref> Tiger mothers communicate with their cubs by grunting, while cubs call back with [[Miaow|miaows]].{{sfn|Schaller|1967|pp=257–258}} When startled, they "woof". They produce a deer-like "pok" sound for unknown reasons, but most often at kills.{{sfn|Schaller|1967|pp=256–258}}{{sfn|Mills|2004|p=62}}<gallery mode="packed" heights="150px"> Íomhá:Panthera_tigris_altaica_28_-_Buffalo_Zoo_(1).jpg|alt=Image of tiger barring teeth|Tíogar Amúrach ag nochtadh a chuid fiacla mar chomhartha ionsaitheachta Íomhá:Sumatran_tiger_(Panthera_tigris_sumatrae)_vocalising.webm|alt=Video of tiger roaring at a zoo|[[Tíogar Sumatrach]] i ngéibheann ag búireadh Íomhá:439280_schots_angry-tiger.wav|Tíogar i gcás ag drantú agus ag drannadh </gallery> === Seilg agus aiste bia === [[Íomhá:RANTHAMBORE_TIGER_RESERVE.jpg|alt=Tiger attacking a sambar deer from behind, pulling on its back|mion|Tíogar Bheangál ag ionsaí [[fia sambar]] in [[Anaclann Tíogair Ranthambore]]]] The tiger is a [[carnivore]] and an [[apex predator]]. [[Abundance (ecology)|Abundance]] and body weight of prey species are assumed to be the main criteria for the tiger's prey selection, both inside and outside protected areas.<ref>{{cite journal|author1=Biswas, S.|name-list-style=amp|author2=Kumar, S.|author3=Bandhopadhyay, M.|author4=Patel, S. K.|author5=Lyngdoh, S.|author6=Pandav, B.|author7=Mondol, S.|year=2023|title=What drives prey selection? Assessment of Tiger (''Panthera tigris'') food habits across the Terai-Arc Landscape, India|journal=Journal of Mammalogy|volume=104|issue=6|pages=1302–1316|doi=10.1093/jmammal/gyad069}}</ref> It feeds mainly on large and medium-sized [[Ungulate|hooved mammals]] such as [[sambar deer]], [[Manchurian wapiti]], [[barasingha]], [[gaur]] and [[wild boar]].<!--Please do not add any more species to this sentence.--><ref name="Hayward">{{cite journal|last1=Hayward|first1=M. W.|last2=Jędrzejewski|first2=W.|last3=Jędrzejewska|first3=B.|year=2012|title=Prey preferences of the tiger ''Panthera tigris''|journal=Journal of Zoology|volume=286|issue=3|pages=221–231|doi=10.1111/j.1469-7998.2011.00871.x|name-list-style=amp}}</ref><ref name="Steinmetz_al2021">{{cite journal|author1=Steinmetz, R.|name-list-style=amp|author2=Seuaturien, N.|author3=Intanajitjuy, P.|author4=Inrueang, P.|author5=Prempree, K.|year=2021|title=The effects of prey depletion on dietary niches of sympatric apex predators in Southeast Asia|journal=Integrative Zoology|volume=16|issue=1|pages=19–32|doi=10.1111/1749-4877.12461|pmid=32627329}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|author1=Variar, A. S.|name-list-style=amp|author2=Anoop, N. R.|author3=Komire, S.|author4=Vinayan, P. A.|author5=Sujin, N. S.|author6=Raj, A.|author7=Prasadan, P. K.|year=2023|title=Prey selection by the Indian tiger (''Panthera tigris tigris'') outside protected areas in Indias Western Ghats: implications for conservation|journal=Food Webs|volume=34|article-number=e00268|doi=10.1016/j.fooweb.2022.e00268|bibcode=2023FWebs..3400268V}}</ref> It also preys opportunistically on smaller species like [[Monkey|monkeys]], [[peafowl]] and other ground-based birds, [[Porcupine|porcupines]] and fish.<ref name="Mazak1981" /><ref name="Miquelle" /> Occasional attacks on [[Asian elephant|Asian elephants]] and [[Indian rhinoceros|Indian rhinoceroses]] have also been reported.<ref>{{cite journal|author1=Karanth, K. U.|year=2003|title=Tiger ecology and conservation in the Indian subcontinent|journal=Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society|volume=100|issue=2 & 3|pages=169–189|url=https://repository.ias.ac.in/89489/1/50p.pdf}}</ref> More often, tigers take the more vulnerable calves.<ref>{{cite journal|author1=Karanth, K. U.|author2=Nichols, J. D.|name-list-style=amp|year=1998|title=Estimation of tiger densities in India using photographic captures and recaptures|journal=Ecology|volume=79|issue=8|pages=2852–2862|doi=10.1890/0012-9658(1998)079[2852:EOTDII]2.0.CO;2|jstor=176521|url=http://erepo.usiu.ac.ke/bitstream/handle/11732/758/Estimation%20of%20tiger%20densities%20in%20India%20using%20photographic%20captures%20and%20recaptures.pdf?sequence=4&isAllowed=y|access-date=16 December 2021|archive-date=27 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221127044620/http://erepo.usiu.ac.ke/bitstream/handle/11732/758/Estimation%20of%20tiger%20densities%20in%20India%20using%20photographic%20captures%20and%20recaptures.pdf?sequence=4&isAllowed=y|url-status=live}}</ref> They sometimes prey on livestock and dogs in close proximity to settlements.<ref name="Mazak1981" /> Tigers occasionally consume vegetation, fruit and minerals for [[dietary fibre]] and supplements.<ref name="Perry">{{cite book|author=Perry, R.|title=The World of the Tiger|year=1965|publisher=Cassell|place=London|pages=133–134|asin=B0007DU2IU}}</ref> Tigers learn to hunt from their mothers, though the ability to hunt may be partially inborn.<ref name="Fàbregas">{{cite journal|last1=Fàbregas|first1=M. C.|last2=Fosgate|first2=G. T.|last3=Koehler|first3=G. M.|year=2015|title=Hunting performance of captive-born South China tigers (''Panthera tigris amoyensis'') on free-ranging prey and implications for their reintroduction|journal=Biological Conservation|volume=192|pages=57–64|doi=10.1016/j.biocon.2015.09.007|bibcode=2015BCons.192...57F|hdl=2263/50208|hdl-access=free|name-list-style=amp}}</ref> Depending on the size of the prey, they typically kill weekly though mothers must kill more often.<ref name="Sunquist2010" /> Families hunt together when cubs are old enough.{{sfn|Thapar|2004|p=63}} They search for prey using vision and hearing.{{sfn|Schaller|1967|pp=284–285}} A tiger will also wait at a watering hole for prey to come by, particularly during hot summer days.{{sfn|Schaller|1967|p=288}}{{sfn|Thapar|2004|p=120}} It is an ambush predator and when approaching potential prey, it crouches with the head lowered and hides in foliage. It switches between creeping forward and staying still. A tiger may even doze off and can stay in the same spot for as long as a day, waiting for prey and launch an attack when the prey is close enough,{{sfn|Thapar|2004|pp=119–120, 122}} usually within {{cvt|30|m}}.<ref name="Sunquist2010" /> If the prey spots it before then, the cat does not pursue further.{{sfn|Schaller|1967|p=288}} A tiger can sprint {{cvt|56|km/h|mph}} and leap {{cvt|10|m}};{{sfn|Schaller|1967|p=287}}{{sfn|Thapar|2004|p=23}} it is not a long-distance runner and gives up a chase if prey outpaces it over a certain distance.{{sfn|Schaller|1967|p=288}} [[Íomhá:Tiger's_killing_wild_boar.jpg|alt=Two tigers attacking a boar|deas|mion|Dhá thíogar Bheangál ag ionsaí [[torc allta]] in [[Anaclann Tíogair Kanha]]]] The tiger attacks from behind or at the sides and tries to knock the target off balance. It latches onto prey with its forelimbs, twisting and turning during the struggle and tries to pull it to the ground. The tiger generally applies a [[Throat clamp|bite to the throat]] until its victim dies of [[strangulation]].<ref name="Mazak1981" />{{sfn|Thapar|2004|p=121}}{{sfn|Schaller|1967|p=295}}{{sfn|Mills|2004|p=24}} It has an average bite force at the canine tips of 1234.3 [[Newton (unit)|newtons]].<ref>{{cite journal|author=Christiansen, P.|year=2007|title=Canine morphology in the larger Felidae: implications for feeding ecology|journal=Biological Journal of the Linnean Society|volume=91|issue=4|pages=573–592|doi=10.1111/j.1095-8312.2007.00819.x|doi-access=free}}</ref> Holding onto the throat puts the cat out of reach of horns, antlers, tusks and hooves.{{sfn|Thapar|2004|p=121}}{{sfn|Schaller|1967|pp=295–296}} Tigers are adaptable killers and may use other methods, including ripping the throat or breaking the neck. Large prey may be disabled by a bite to the back of the [[Hock (anatomy)|hock]], severing the tendon. Swipes from the large paws are capable of stunning or breaking the skull of a [[water buffalo]].{{sfn|Thapar|2004|p=126}} They kill small prey with a bite to the back of the neck or head.{{sfn|Schaller|1967|p=289}}<ref name="Sunquist2010" /> Estimates of the [[Hunting success|success rate]] for hunting tigers range from a low of 5% to a high of 50%. They are sometimes killed or injured by large or dangerous prey like gaur, buffalo and boar.<ref name="Sunquist2010" /> Tigers typically move kills to a private, usually vegetated spot no further than {{cvt|183|m}}, though they have been recorded dragging them {{cvt|549|m}}. They are strong enough to drag the carcass of a fully grown buffalo for some distance. They rest for a while before eating and can consume as much as {{cvt|50|kg}} of meat in one session, but feed on a carcass for several days, leaving little for scavengers.{{sfn|Schaller|1967|pp=297–300}} === Iomaitheoirí === [[Íomhá:Tigerdholes.jpg|alt=Painting of dhole pack attacking a tiger|mion|Léaráid ón bhliain 1807 de [[Madra fiáin Áiseach|madraí fiáine Áiseacha]] ag ionsaí tíogair]] In much of their range, tigers share habitat with leopards and [[Dhole|dholes]]. They typically dominate both of them, though with dholes it depends on their pack size. Interactions between the three predators involve chasing, [[Kleptoparasitism|stealing kills]] and direct killing.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Srivathsa|first1=A.|last2=Ramachandran|first2=V.|last3=Saravanan|first3=P.|last4=Sureshbabu|first4=A.|last5=Ganguly|first5=D.|last6=Ramakrishnan|first6=U.|year=2023|title=Topcats and underdogs: intraguild interactions among three apex carnivores across Asia's forestscapes|journal=Biological Reviews|volume=98|issue=6|pages=2114–2135|doi=10.1111/brv.12998|pmid=37449566|s2cid=259903849|name-list-style=amp}}</ref> Large dhole packs may kill tigers.{{sfn|Thapar|2004|p=136}} Tigers, leopards and dholes coexist by hunting different sized prey.<ref name="Karanth">{{cite journal|last=Karanth|first=K. U.|author2=Sunquist, M. E.|name-list-style=amp|year=2000|title=Behavioural correlates of predation by tiger (''Panthera tigris''), leopard (''Panthera pardus'') and dhole (''Cuon alpinus'') in Nagarahole, India|journal=Journal of Zoology|volume=250|pages=255–265|doi=10.1111/j.1469-7998.2000.tb01076.x|issue=2}}</ref> In [[Nagarhole National Park]], the average weight for tiger kills was found to be {{cvt|91.5|kg}}, compared to {{cvt|37.6|kg}} for leopards and {{cvt|43.4|kg}} for dholes.<ref name="KaranthSunquist1995">{{cite journal|author1=Karanth, K. U.|author2=Sunquist, M. E.|name-list-style=amp|title=Prey selection by tiger, leopard and dhole in tropical forests|jstor=5647|doi=10.2307/5647|journal=Journal of Animal Ecology|volume=64|issue=4|year=1995|pages=439–450|bibcode=1995JAnEc..64..439K}}</ref> In [[Kui Buri National Park]], following a reduction in prey numbers, tigers continued to kill favoured prey while leopards and dholes increased their consumption of small prey.<ref name="Steinmetz_al2021" /> Both leopards and dholes can live successfully in tiger habitat when there is abundant food and vegetation cover.<ref name="Karanth" /><ref>{{cite journal|author1=Odden, M.|name-list-style=amp|author2=Wegge, P.|author3=Fredriksen, T.|year=2010|title=Do tigers displace leopards? If so, why?|journal=Ecological Research|volume=25|issue=4|pages=875–881|doi=10.1007/s11284-010-0723-1|bibcode=2010EcoR...25..875O}}</ref> Otherwise, they appear to be less common where tigers are numerous. The recovery of the tiger population in [[Rajaji National Park]] during the 2000s led to a reduction in leopard population densities.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Harihar|first1=A.|last2=Pandav|first2=B.|last3=Goyal|first3=S. P.|year=2011|title=Responses of leopard ''Panthera pardus'' to the recovery of a tiger ''Panthera tigris'' population|journal=Journal of Applied Ecology|volume=48|issue=3|pages=806–814|doi=10.1111/j.1365-2664.2011.01981.x|doi-access=free|bibcode=2011JApEc..48..806H|name-list-style=amp}}</ref> Similarly, at two sites in central India the size of dhole packs was negatively correlated with tiger densities.<ref>{{cite journal|author1=Habib, B.|name-list-style=amp|author2=Nigam P.|author3=Ghaskadbi P.|author4=Bhandari A.|year=2021|title=Dhole pack size variation: Assessing the effect of prey availability and apex predator|journal=Ecology and Evolution|volume=11|issue=9|pages=4774–4785|doi=10.1002/ece3.7380|pmid=33976847|pmc=8093734|bibcode=2021EcoEv..11.4774B}}</ref> Leopard and dhole distribution in Kui Buri correlated with both prey access and tiger scarcity.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Steinmetz|first1=R.|last2=Seuaturien|first2=N.|last3=Chutipong|first3=W.|name-list-style=amp|year=2013|title=Tigers, leopards, and dholes in a half-empty forest: Assessing species interactions in a guild of threatened carnivores|journal=Biological Conservation|volume=163|pages=68–78|doi=10.1016/j.biocon.2012.12.016|bibcode=2013BCons.163...68S}}</ref> In [[Jigme Dorji National Park]], tigers were found to inhabit the deeper parts of forests while the smaller predators were pushed closer to the fringes.<ref>{{cite journal|author=Thinley, P.|author2=Rajaratnam, R.|author3=Lassoie, J. P.|author4=Morreale, S. J.|author5=Curtis, P. D.|author6=Vernes, K.|author7=Leki Leki|author8=Phuntsho, S.|author9=Dorji, T.|author10=Dorji, P.|name-list-style=amp|year=2018|title=The ecological benefit of tigers (''Panthera tigris'') to farmers in reducing crop and livestock losses in the eastern Himalayas: Implications for conservation of large apex predators|journal=Biological Conservation|volume=219|pages=119–125|doi=10.1016/j.biocon.2018.01.015|doi-access=free|bibcode=2018BCons.219..119T}}</ref> === Atáirgeadh agus saolré === {{Redirect|Tiger cub|other uses|Tiger Cub (disambiguation){{!}}Tiger Cub}} [[Íomhá:Tigeress_with_cubs_in_Kanha_Tiger_reserve.jpg|alt=Tiger with cubs|mion|Clann tíogair Bheangál in Anaclann Tíogair Kanha]] The tiger generally [[Mating|mates]] all year round, particularly between November and April. A tigress is in oestrus for three to six days at a time, separated by three to nine week intervals.<ref name="Mazak1981" /> A resident male mates with all the females within his home range, who signal their receptiveness by roaring and marking.{{sfn|Mills|2004|p=42}}{{sfn|Thapar|2004|p=145}} Younger, transient males are also attracted, leading to a fight in which the more dominant, resident male drives the usurper off.<ref name="Sankhala">{{cite journal|last1=Sankhala|first1=K. S.|year=1967|title=Breeding behaviour of the tiger ''Panthera tigris'' in Rajasthan|journal=International Zoo Yearbook|volume=7|issue=1|pages=133–147|doi=10.1111/j.1748-1090.1967.tb00354.x}}</ref>{{sfn|Mills|2004|p=42}} During courtship, the male is cautious with the female until she shows readiness to mate by positioning herself in [[Lordosis behavior|lordosis]] with her tail to the side. [[Copulation (zoology)|Copulation]] typically lasts no more than 20 seconds, with the male biting the female by the scruff of her neck. After it is finished, the male quickly pulls away as the female may turn and slap him.{{sfn|Mills|2004|p=42}} Tiger pairs may stay together for up to four days and mate multiple times.{{sfn|Thapar|2004|p=148}} [[Gestation]] lasts around or over three months.<ref name="Mazak1981" /> A tigress gives birth in a secluded location, be it in dense vegetation, in a cave or under a rocky shelter.{{sfn|Thapar|2004|p=45}} [[Litter (zoology)|Litters]] consist of as many as seven cubs, but two or three are more typical.<ref name="Sankhala" />{{sfn|Thapar|2004|p=45}} Newborn cubs weigh {{cvt|785|–|1610|g}} and are blind and underdeveloped ([[Precociality and altriciality|altricial]]).{{sfn|Thapar|2004|p=45}} The mother licks and cleans her cubs, suckles them and viciously defends them from any potential threat.<ref name="Sankhala" /> Cubs open their eyes at the age of three to 14 days and their vision becomes clear after a few more weeks.{{sfn|Thapar|2004|p=45}} They can leave the denning site after two months and around the same time they start eating meat.<ref name="Sankhala" />{{sfn|Mills|2004|pp=50–51}} The mother only leaves them alone to hunt and even then she does not travel far.{{sfn|Mills|2004|p=50}} When she suspects an area is no longer safe, she moves her cubs to a new spot, transporting them one by one by grabbing them by the scruff of the neck with her mouth.{{sfn|Thapar|2004|p=51}} A tigress in Sikhote-Alin Biosphere Reserve maximised the time spent with her cubs by reducing her home range, killing larger prey and returning to her den more rapidly than without cubs; when the cubs started to eat meat, she took them to kill sites, thereby optimising their protection and access to food.<ref>{{cite journal|author1=Petrunenko, Y. K.|name-list-style=amp|author2=Seryodkin, I. V.|author3=Bragina, E. V.|author4=Soutyrina, S. S.|author5=Mukhacheva, A. S.|author6=Rybin, N. N.|author7=Miquelle, D. G.|year=2019|title=How does a tigress balance the opposing constraints of raising cubs?|journal=Mammal Research|volume=65|issue=2|pages=245–253|doi=10.1007/s13364-019-00466-x}}</ref> In the same reserve, one of 21 cubs died in over eight years of monitoring and mortality did not differ between male and female juveniles.<ref>{{cite journal|author1=Robinson, H. S.|name-list-style=amp|author2=Goodrich, J. M.|author3=Miquelle, D. G.|author4=Miller, C. S.|author5=Seryodkin, I. V.|year=2015|title=Mortality of Amur tigers: The more things change, the more they stay the same|journal=Integrative Zoology|volume=10|issue=4|pages=344–353|doi=10.1111/1749-4877.12147|pmid=26096683}}</ref> Tiger monitoring over six years in [[Ranthambore Tiger Reserve]] indicated an average annual survival rate of around 85 percent for 74 male and female cubs; survival rate increased to 97 percent for both males and female juveniles of one to two years of age.<ref name="Sadhu2017">{{cite journal|author1=Sadhu, A.|name-list-style=amp|author2=Jayam, P. P. C.|author3=Qureshi, Q.|author4=Shekhawat, R. S.|author5=Sharma, S.|author6=Jhala, Y. V.|year=2017|title=Demography of a small, isolated tiger (''Panthera tigris tigris'') population in a semi-arid region of western India|journal=BMC Zoology|volume=2|article-number=16|doi=10.1186/s40850-017-0025-y|doi-access=free}}</ref> Causes of cub mortality include predators, floods, fires, death of the mother and fatal injuries.{{sfn|Thapar|2004|p=51}}{{sfn|Mills|2004|p=51}}<ref name="Barlow2009">{{cite journal|author1=Barlow, A. C. D.|name-list-style=amp|author2=McDougal, C.|author3=Smith, J. L. D.|author4=Gurung, B.|author5=Bhatta, S. R.|author6=Kumal, S.|author7=Mahato, B.|author8=Taman, D. B.|year=2009|title=Temporal variation in Tiger (''Panthera tigris'') populations and its implications for monitoring|journal=Journal of Mammalogy|volume=90|issue=2|pages=472–478|doi=10.1644/07-MAMM-A-415.1|bibcode=2009JMamm..90..472B|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref name="Sadhu2017" /> [[Íomhá:Panthera_tigris_altaica_13_-_Buffalo_Zoo.jpg|alt=Tigress with cub in snow|mion|Bantíogar Amúrach lena coileán i [[Zú Buffalo]]]] After around two months, the cubs are able to follow their mother. They still hide in vegetation when she goes hunting. Young bond through play fighting and practice stalking. A hierarchy develops in the litter, with the biggest cub, often a male, being the most dominant and the first to eat its fill at a kill.{{sfn|Mills|2004|pp=61, 66–67}} Around the age of six months, cubs are fully weaned and have more freedom to explore their environment. Between eight and ten months, they accompany their mother on hunts.{{sfn|Thapar|2004|p=63}} A cub can make a kill as early as 11 months and reach independence as a juvenile of 18 to 24 months of age; males become independent earlier than females.{{sfn|Schaller|1967|pp=270, 276}}<ref name="Sadhu2017" /> Radio-collared tigers in Chitwan started leaving their natal areas at the age of 19 months.<ref name="Smith1993" /> Young females are [[Sexual maturity|sexually mature]] at three to four years, whereas males are at four to five years.<ref name="Mazak1981" /> [[Generation time|Generation length]] of the tiger is about 7–10 years.<ref>{{cite journal|title=Generation length for mammals|author=Pacifici, M.|author2=Santini, L.|author3=Di Marco, M.|author4=Baisero, D.|author5=Francucci, L.|author6=Grottolo Marasini, G.|author7=Visconti, P.|author8=Rondinini, C.|journal=Nature Conservation|year=2013|volume=5|issue=5|pages=87–94|doi=10.3897/natureconservation.5.5734|doi-access=free|name-list-style=amp}}</ref> Wild Bengal tigers live 12–15 years.<ref>{{cite journal|author=Majumder, A.|year=2023|title=Survival strategy – Temporal segregation of different age and sex classes of a Bengal tiger (''Panthera tigris tigris'' Linnaeus) population in Pench Tiger Reserve, Madhya Pradesh India|journal=Journal of Animal Diversity|volume=5|issue=3|pages=43–54|doi=10.61186/JAD.2023.5.3.5|doi-access=free}}</ref> Data from the International Tiger [[Studbook]] 1938–2018 indicate that captive tigers lived up to 19 years.<ref>{{cite journal|author1=Tidière, M.|name-list-style=amp|author2=Müller, P.|author3=Sliwa, A.|author4=Siberchicot, A.|author5=Douay, G.|year=2021|title=Sex-specific actuarial and reproductive senescence in zoo-housed tiger (''Panthera tigris''): The importance of sub-species for conservation|journal=Zoo Biology|volume=40|issue=4|pages=320–329|doi=10.1002/zoo.21610|pmid=33861886|url=https://findresearcher.sdu.dk/ws/files/182491417/zoo.21610.pdf}}</ref> The father does not play a role in raising the young, but he encounters and interacts with them. The resident male appears to visit the female–cub families within his home range. They socialise and even share kills.{{sfn|Mills|2004|pp=59, 89}}{{sfn|Thapar|2004|pp=55–56}} One male was recorded looking after cubs whose mother had died.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-south-asia-13598386|work=BBC News|author=Pandey, G.|date=2011|title=India male tiger plays doting dad to orphaned cubs|access-date=14 February 2024|archive-date=8 April 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240408231242/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-south-asia-13598386|url-status=live}}</ref> By defending his home range, the male protects the females and cubs from other males.{{sfn|Mills|2004|p=59}} When a new male takes over, dependent cubs are at risk of [[Infanticide (zoology)|infanticide]] as the male attempts to sire his own young with the females.{{sfn|Thapar|2004|p=66}} A seven-year long study in Chitwan National Park revealed that 12 of 56 detected cubs and juveniles were killed by new males taking over home ranges.<ref name="Barlow2009" /> === Sláinte agus galair === Tá taifid ann de thíogair mar óstaigh sheadáin éagsúla amhail péisteanna ribíneacha cosúil le ''[[Diphyllobothrium]] erinacei'', ''[[Taenia pisiformis]]'' san India agus speicis ''[[Toxocara]]'' san India agus speicis ''[[Physaloptera]] preputialis'', ''[[Dirofilaria]] ursi'' agus ''Uiteinarta'' sa tSibéir.<ref name=":8" /> Tá sé ar eolas go mbíonn [[conslaod]] le fáil i dtíogair Amúracha.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Canine Distemper Virus: an Emerging Disease in Wild Endangered Amur Tigers ( Panthera tigris altaica )|url=https://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/mBio.00410-13|journal=mBio|date=2013|issn=2161-2129|pmc=3747579|pmid=23943758|volume=4|issue=4|doi=10.1128/mBio.00410-13|language=en|author=Seimon, T. A.; Miquelle, D. G.; Chang, T. Y.; Newton, A. L.; Korotkova, I.; Ivanchuk, G.; Lyubchenko, E.; Tupikov, A.; Slabe, E. & McAloose, D.}}</ref> Ionfhabhtú morbillivíris is é is dóichí a bheith mar chúis báis bantíogair i gCianoirthear na Rúise a raibh tástáil dhearfach ar an [[Painleocaipéine fhéilíneach|phainleocaipéine fhéilíneach]] agus an [[Coróinvíreas féilíneach|choróinvíreas fhéilíneach]] aici.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Morbillivirus Infection in a Wild Siberian Tiger in the Russian Far East|url=https://meridian.allenpress.com/jwd/article/46/4/1252/121390/Morbillivirus-Infection-in-a-Wild-Siberian-Tiger|journal=Journal of Wildlife Diseases|date=2010|issn=0090-3558|pages=1252–1256|volume=46|issue=4|doi=10.7589/0090-3558-46.4.1252|language=en|author=Quigley, K. S.; Evermann, J. F.; Leathers, C. W.; Armstrong, D. L.; Goodrich, J.; Duncan, N. M. & Miquelle, D. G.}}</ref> Léirigh samplaí fola ó 11 tíogair fhásta sa Neipeal [[antasubstaintí]] le haghaidh [[Conpharvaivíreas|conpharvaivíris]]-2, [[Heirpéasvíreas féilíneach|heirpéasvíris fhéilínigh]], córóinvíris féilínigh, [[Leiptispioróis|leiptispioróise]] agus ''[[Toxoplasma gondii]]''.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Serologic Survey of Selected Pathogens in Free-Ranging Bengal Tigers (Panthera tigris tigris) in Nepal|url=https://meridian.allenpress.com/jwd/article/57/2/393/451344/Serologic-Survey-of-Selected-Pathogens-in-Free|journal=Journal of Wildlife Diseases|date=2021|issn=0090-3558|volume=57|issue=2|doi=10.7589/JWD-D-20-00046|author=McCauley, D.; Stout, V.; Gairhe, K. P.; Sadaula, A.; Dubovi, E.; Subedi, S. & Kaufman, G. E.}}</ref> == Bagairtí == == Caomhnú == {{Main|Caomhnú an Tíogair}} ''Tuilleadh Eolais: [[Tíogar na 21ú hAoise]]'' {| class="wikitable sortable floatright" |+ Pobal domhanda na dtíogar fiáin !Tír !Bliain !Meastachán |- | {{flagicon|India}} [[An India]]|| 2022 || align="right" |3,167–3,682<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|author=Qureshi, Q.; Jhala, Y. V.; Yadav, S. P. & Mallick, A.|date=2023|url=https://wii.gov.in/images//images/documents/publications/statu_tiger_copredators-2022.pdf|title=Status of tigers, co-predators and prey in India 2022 (PDF)|publisher=National Tiger Conservation Authority & Wildlife Institute of India|location=Deilí Nua, Dehradun}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240505145403/https://wii.gov.in/images//images/documents/publications/statu_tiger_copredators-2022.pdf |date=2024-05-05 }}</ref> |- | {{flagicon|Russia}} [[An Rúis]]|| 2022 || align="right" |573–600<ref name=":5">{{Lua idirlín|teideal=Global Tiger Recovery Program 2.0 (2023-34)|url=https://globaltigerforum.org/global-tiger-recovery-program-2-0-2023-34/|dátarochtana=01-12-2025|language=en-US|foilsitheoir=Global Tiger Forum}}</ref> |- | {{Bratach|Indonesia}} [[An Indinéis]]|| 2022 || align="right" |393<ref name=":5" /> |- | {{Bratach|Nepal}} [[Neipeal]]|| 2022 || align="right" |316–355<ref>{{cite book|year=2022|title=Status of Tigers and Prey in Nepal 2022|location=Kathmandu, Neipeal|publisher=Department of National Parks and Wildlife Conservation and Department of Forests and Soil Conservation. Ministry of Forests and Environment|url=https://dnpwc.gov.np/media/files/Status_of_Tigers_Ic2ylSC.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230408104009/https://dnpwc.gov.np/media/files/Status_of_Tigers_Ic2ylSC.pdf|author=DNPWC & DFSC}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230408104009/https://dnpwc.gov.np/media/files/Status_of_Tigers_Ic2ylSC.pdf |date=2023-04-08 }}</ref> |- | {{Bratach|Thailand}} [[An Téalainn]]|| 2022 || align="right" |148–189<ref name=":5" /> |- | {{Bratach|Malaysia}} [[An Mhalaeisia]]|| 2022 || align="right" |<150<ref name=":5" /> |- | {{Bratach|Bhutan}} [[An Bhútáin]]|| 2022 || align="right" |131<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|author=Department of Forests and Park Services|date=2023|title=National Tiger Survey 2021–22|publisher=Rialtas na Bútaine|location=Thimphu}}</ref> |- | {{Bratach|Bangladesh}} [[An Bhanglaidéis]]|| 2022|| align="right" |118–122<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|author=Begum, S.|date=30 Iúil 2024|title=Tiger population in Sundarban rises by 8-10pc in 2024|publisher=Daily Observer|url=https://www.observerbd.com/news.php?id=482816}}</ref> |- | {{Bratach|China}} [[An tSín]]|| 2022 || align="right"|>60<ref name=":5" /> |- | {{Bratach|Myanmar}} [[Maenmar]]|| 2022 || align="right" |28<ref name=":5" /> |- | '''Iomlán'''|| || align="right" |'''5,638–5,899''' |} Tá an chuma ar an scéal nach bhfuil ach 5000-7000 tíogar fágtha ar domhan. Meastar go bhfuil níos lú na 2500 tíogar fásta sa nádúr. Timpeall na bliana 1900 bhí 100,000 tíogar ann. Bhí naoi bhfospeiceas ann tráth. Ach tá tíogar Bhailí, an tíogar Iávach agus an tíogar Caispeach imithe in éag. Níl ach sé fhospeiceas ann anois, agus iad uile i mbaol: * An [[Tíogar Bheangál]]:<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Bengal tiger|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bengal_tiger|journal=Wikipedia|date=2024-12-11|language=en}}</ref> níos lú na 2000 fágtha * An [[Tíogar Ind-Síneach]]:<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Indochinese tiger|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indochinese_tiger|journal=Wikipedia|date=2024-09-12|language=en}}</ref> 1200-1800 * An [[Tíogar Malaech]]:<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Malayan tiger|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malayan_tiger|journal=Wikipedia|date=2024-12-28|language=en}}</ref> 600-800 * An [[Tíogar Sumatrach]]: 400-500 * An [[Tíogar Amúrach]] (sa [[An tSibéir|tSibéir]]): 400-550. Sna 1940idí ní raibh ach 40 tíogar Amúrach fágtha ach tá suas le 550 ann anois mar cuireadh stop leis an sealgaireacht. * [[Tíogar na Síne Theas]]:<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=South China tiger|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_China_tiger|journal=Wikipedia|date=2024-11-27|language=en}}</ref> díobhaí sa nádúr; 59 i zúnna Tá a ghnáthóg á chailliúint ag an tíogar. Tá an fuadach tíograch coitianta agus maraítear tíogair beagnach gach lá mar úsáidtear a bhfionnadh agus a gcoirp sa leigheas traidisiúnta. == Féach freisin == * An [[Tíogar Sumatrach]] agus an [[Tíogar Amúrach]] * [[An Tíogar Ceilteach]] == Tagairtí == {{Reflist}} == Leabharliosta == * {{Citation |last=Thapar |first=V. |title=Tiger: The Ultimate Guide |date=2004 |url=https://archive.org/details/tigerultimategui0000thap/mode/2up |place=Deilí Nua |publisher=CDS Books |isbn=1-59315-024-5}} * {{Citation |last=Green |first=S. |title=Tiger |date=2006 |issue=2 |place=Londain |publisher=Reaktion Books |isbn=978-1-86189-276-8}} * {{Citation |title=The Encyclopedia of Mammals |date=2001 |issue=2 |editor-last=MacDonald |editor-first=D. |place=Oxford |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-7607-1969-5}} * {{Citation |last=Tilson |first=R. |title=Tigers of the World: The Science, Politics and Conservation of Panthera tigris |date=2010 |issue=2 |place=Londain |publisher=Academic Press |isbn=978-0-08-094751-8 |last2=Nyhus |first2=P. J.}} * {{Citation |last=Mills |first=S. |title=Tiger |date=2004 |url=https://archive.org/details/tiger0000mill/mode/2up |archive-url= |place=Richmond Hill |publisher=Firefly Books |isbn=1-55297-949-0}} * {{Citation |last=Schaller |first=G. B. |title=The Deer and the Tiger: A Study of Wildlife in India |date=1967 |url=https://archive.org/details/deertigerstudyof0000scha/page/n419/mode/2up |place=Chicago |publisher=University of Chicago Press |isbn=0-226-73631-8}} * {{Citation |last=Seidensticker |first=J |title=Riding the Tiger: Tiger Conservation in Human-Dominated Landscapes |date=1999 |url=https://archive.org/details/ridingtigertiger00unse |place=Cambridge |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-64835-6 |last2=Christie |first2=S |last3=Jackson |first3=P}} * {{Citation |last=Sludskii |first=A. A. |title=Tiger Panthera tigris Linnaeus, 1758 |date=1992 |work=Mlekopitajuščie Sovetskogo Soiuza. Moskva: Vysšaia Škola [Mamaigh an Aontais Shóivéadaigh] |volume=II, Part 2. Carnivora (Hyaenas and Cats) |pages=95–202 |editor-last=Heptner |editor-first=V. G. |editor-last2=Sludskii |editor-first2=A. A. |url=https://archive.org/stream/mammalsofsov221992gept#page/94/mode/2up |place=Washington DC |publisher=Smithsonian Institution and the National Science Foundation |isbn=978-90-04-08876-4}} {{síol ainmhí}} [[Catagóir:Tíogair]] [[Catagóir:Cait]] sdj5c4dr6zno7x4btwcqkf51a7d13mj 1321705 1321700 2026-07-26T14:11:49Z An Sionnach Rua 29036 1321705 wikitext text/x-wiki {{WD Bosca Sonraí Ainmhí Bheo}} [[File:A walk with the Tigress.webm|thumb|right|tíogar]] Is cat mór é an '''tíogar''' ('''''Panthera tigris''''')<ref name="Tearma">{{Cite web-en|url=https://www.tearma.ie/q/Panthera%20tigris/|title=“Panthera tigris” {{!}} téarma.ie|publisher=[[An Coiste Téarmaíochta]]|work=[[Téarma.ie]]: An Bunachar Náisiúnta Téarmaíochta don Ghaeilge|access-date=2023-06-26}}</ref><ref name="Linn1758" /> ar ball é den ghéineas ''[[Panthera]]'' a thagann ón [[An Áise|Áise]] ó dhúchas. Tá corp láidir agus matánach aige a bhfuil ceann agus lapaí móra, eireaball fada agus fionnadh flannbhuí le stríoca dubha atá ceartingearach don chuid is mó air. Rangaítear in naoi [[Fospeiceas|bhfospeiceas]] [[Holaicéineach|reatha]] é go traidisiúnta cé nach n-aithníonn roinnt daoine agus eagraíochtaí ach an dá fhospeiceas, tíogair na mórthíre Áisí agus tíogair oileáin na [[Oileáin Sunda|nOileán Sunda]]. Cuireann an tíogar faoi i bhforaoisí den chuid is mó, idir [[Foraois leathanduilleach agus mheasctha mheasartha|foraoisí leathanduilleacha agus measctha measartha]] agus [[Cónaiféar|buaircíneach]] i [[Cianoirthear na Rúise|gCianoirthear na Rúise]] agus [[Oirthuaisceart na Síne]] agus [[Foraois leathanduilleach thais thrópaiceach agus fhothrópaiceach|foraoisí leathanduilleacha taise trópaiceacha agus fothrópaiceacha]] i [[Fo-ilchríoch na hIndia|bhfo-ilchríoch na hIndia]] agus in [[Oirdheisceart na hÁise]]. Is [[buaicchreachadóir]] é an tíogar a chreachann [[Crúbach|crúbaigh]] roimh a ndéanann sé luíochán go príomha. Caitheann sé saol atá aonarach go hiondúil agus bíonn [[raon baile]] a chosnaíonn sé roimh indibhidiúil den ghnéas chéanna aige. Forluíonn raon an fhireannaigh raoin go leor baineannach lena chúplálann sé. De ghnáth, beireann an baineannach idir dhá agus trí choileán a fhanann lena máthair ar feadh dhá bhliain. Nuair a bhíonn na coileáin neamhspleách, fágann siad raon baile a máthar agus bunaíonn siad a raon féin. Ó bhlianta luaithe na fichiú haoise, is in ísle a ndeachaigh raon baile na dtíogar agus ar a laghad 93% dá raon stairiúil caillte acu; tá siad [[Díothú áitiúil|díothaithe go háitiúil]] in [[Iarthar na hÁise|Iarthar]] agus i [[Lár na hÁise]] agus i gcodanna móra na [[An tSín|Síne]] chomh maith leis na hoileáin [[Iáva]] agus [[Bailí]]. Tá raon an tíogair scoilte go dona sa lá atá inniu ann. Liostaítear mar [[Speiceas i mbaol (Stádas AICD)|speiceas i mbaol]] é ar [[Liosta Dearg an AICD de Speicis i mBaol]] mar meastar gur laghdaigh a raon idir 53% go 68% ó bhí na 1990idí déanacha ann. Tá go leor bagairtí móra ag cur le stádas reatha na dtíogar idir [[Scriosadh gnáthóige|scriosadh]] agus [[Ilroinnt gnáthóige|ilroinnt a ngnáthóige]] mar gheall ar [[Dífhoraoisiú|dhífhoraoisiú]], [[póitseáil]] ar son a bhfionnaidh agus trádáil mhídhleathach a gcodanna coirp ar mhaithe le cúrsaí leighis. Is íospartaigh na [[An choinbhleacht daonna-fiadhúlra|coinbhleachta daonna-fiadhúlra]] iad na tíogair fosta mar ionsaíonn agus creachann siad an beostoc i gceantair nach bhfuil mórán creach nádúrtha le fáil iontu. Tá cosaint dhlíthiúil ag an tíogar in chuile thír laistigh dá raon. Cuimsíonn cuir chuige náisiúnta pleananna gníomhaíochta, [[patróil fhrith-phóitseála]] agus scéimeanna monatóireachta líon na dtíogar. Bunaíodh [[Conair fhiadhúlra|conairí fiadhúlra]] i gcuid mhaith de na tíortha laistigh dá raon agus tá athbhunú tíogar pleanáilte iontu.<ref name=":3">{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Panthera tigris|url=https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/15955/214862019|date=2021-12-15|doi=10.2305/iucn.uk.2022-1.rlts.t15955a214862019.en|language=en|author=Goodrich, J., Wibisono, H., Miquelle, D., Lynam, A.J., Sanderson, E., Chapman, S., Gray, T.N.E., Chanchani, P. & Harihar, A.|journal=The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species|publisher=IUCN}}</ref> Tá an tíogar ar cheann de na [[Mórfhána carasmatach|mórfhánaí carasmatacha]] is mó a bhfuil tóir air ar fud an domhain. Bhíodh an tíogar i ngéibheann ón chéad lá riamh agus traenáladh é chun seónna a chur ar fáil i [[Sorcas|sorcais]] agus cláracha siamsaíochta eile. Chonacthas an tíogar go forleathan i [[miotaseolaíocht]] agus i [[Béaloideas|mbéaloideas]] ársa na gcultúr fud fad a raon stairiúil agus [[Léirithe cultúrtha an tíogair|chonacthas fós i gcultúr]] ar fud an domhain é sa lá atá inniu ann. == Sanasaíocht == Síolraíonn an [[Seanbhéarla]] ''tigras'' ón [[Seanfhraincis|tSeanfhraincis]] ''tigre'', ón [[An Laidin|Laidin]] ''tigris'', ar iasacht é de ''tigris'' ([[An tSean-Ghréigis|Sean-Ghréigis]]: τίγρις).<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|author=Liddell, H. G. & Scott, R. (Sir Henry Stuart Jones, Roderick McKenzie eag.)|date=1940|url=https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3Dti%2Fgris|title="τίγρις".|journal=A Greek-English Lexicon|publisher=Clarendon Press|location=Oxford|accessdate=21 Feabhra 2021}}</ref> Ón aimsir ársa, meastar go síolraíonn an focal ''tigris'' ón fhocal [[An Airméinis|Arméiniseach]] nó [[An Pheirsis|Pheirsiseach]] ar 'saighead' ar féidir leis a bheith ina bhunús d'ainm abhainn na [[An Tígris|Tigrise]].<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|author=Varro, M. T.; Kent, R. G.|date=1938|url=https://archive.org/details/onlatinlanguage01varruoft/page/96/mode/2up|title="De lingua latina" [On the Latin Language]|journal="XX. Ferarum vocabula" [XX. The names of wild beasts]|pages=lgh. 94-97|publisher=W. Heinemann|location=Londain}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Naming the Tiger in the Early Modern World|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/26560471|journal=Renaissance Quarterly|date=2017|issn=0034-4338|pages=977–1006|volume=70|issue=3|author=David Thorley|doi=10.1086/693884. JSTOR 26560471}}</ref> Sa lá atá inniu ann, áfach, glactar leis gur comhainm atá iontu agus nach bhfuil gaol ar bith ann idir ainm an ainmhí agus na habhann.<ref name=":0" /> == Tacsanomaíocht == Rinne an luibheolaí Sulannach [[Carl von Linné]] an chéad chur síos eolaíoch ar an tíogar ina shaothar ''[[Systema Naturae]]'', áit a fuair sé an [[Ainmníocht dhéthéarmach|t-ainm déthéarmach]] ''Felis tigris'', mar ba ghnách ag an am an géineas ''Felis'' a úsáid le haghaidh na cait ar fad. Bunaítear an [[cur síos eolaíoch]] ar chuir síos a rinne nádúraithe níos luaithe amhail [[Conrad Gessner]] agus [[Ulisse Aldrovandi]].<ref name="Linn1758">{{luaigh foilseachán|author=Linnaeus, C.|year=1758|title=[https://archive.org/stream/mobot31753000798865#page/41/mode/2up "Felis tigris"] Caroli Linnæi Systema naturæ per regna tria naturæ, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis|volume=Tomus I|location=Holmiae|publisher=Laurentius Salvius|language=la|issue=decima, reformata|pages=lch. 41}}</ref> Is in 1929 a chuir [[Reginald Innes Pocock]] an speiceas sa ghéineas ''[[Panthera]]'' faoin ainm dhéthéarmach ''Panthera tigris''.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|author=Pocock, R. I.|date=1929|title=Tigers|journal=Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society|volume=33|issue=3|pages=lgh. 505–541|url=https://archive.org/details/journalofbomb33341929bomb/page/n133}}</ref><ref name=":2" /> === Fospeiceas === {{Anchor|Pobail}}Moladh naoi [[Fospeiceas|bhfospeiceas]] tíogar [[Holaicéineach|reatha]] idir luathbhlianta na 19ú hAois agus na 21ú hAois agus is iad sin an [[tíogar Bheangál]], [[Tíogar Malaech|Malaech]], [[Tíogar Ind-Síneach|Ind-Síneach]], [[Tíogar na Síne Theas|na Síne Theas]], [[Tíogar Amúrach|Amúrach]], [[Tíogar Caispeach|Caispeach]], [[Tíogar Iávach|Iávach]], [[Tíogar Bailí|Bailí]] agus [[Tíogar Sumatrach|Sumatrach]].<ref name="MSW3">{{Luaigh foilseachán|author=[[W. Chris Wozencraft|Wozencraft, W. C.]]|date=2005|title=Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference|issue=3|publisher=Johns Hopkins University Press ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0. OCLC 62265494.|pages=lch. 546|coauthors=[http://www.departments.bucknell.edu/biology/resources/msw3/browse.asp?id=14000259 "Species ''Panthera tigris''"] In [[Don E. Wilson|Wilson, D. E.]]; Reeder, D. M. (eag.)|url=http://www.google.com/books?id=JgAMbNSt8ikC&pg=PA546}}</ref><ref name=Wilting2015/> Ceistíodh [[Bailíocht ainmnithe (zó-eolaíocht)|bailíocht]] cuid mhaith de na fospeicis mar bhí sé de nós an tráth sin iad a idirdhealú bunaithe ar dhath agus fhaid an fhionnaidh, patrúin stríoca agus méid na n-eiseamlár i mbailiúcháin [[Iarsmalann stair an dúlra|iarsmalanna stair an dúlra]] ar féidir nach n-ionadaíonn siad an pobal ar fad. Moladh gur cheart dhá fhospeiceas bailí tíogar a aithint, is iad sin ''P. t. tigris'' ar mhórthír na hÁise agus an speiceas níos lú ''P. t. sondaica'' sna [[Na hOileáin Sunda Mór|hOileáin Sunda Mór]].<ref name="Kitchener1999">Kitchener, A. (1999). "Tiger distribution, phenotypic variation and conservation issues" in {{harvnb|Seidensticker|Christie|Jackson|1999|lgh=19–39|lua=ref=Seidensticker, J.; Christie, S.; Jackson, P.}}, lgh. 19-39</ref> D'athdhearbhaíodh an moladh dhá fhospeicis arís sa bhliain 2015 trí anailís chuimsitheach a dhéanamh ar thréithe moirfeolaíocha, éiceolaíocha agus ADN miteacoindreacha (mtADN) chuile fhospeiceas toimhdean tíogar.<ref name="Wilting2015">{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Planning tiger recovery: Understanding intraspecific variation for effective conservation|url=https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4640610/|journal=Science Advances|date=Mí an Mheithimh 2015|issn=2375-2548|pmc=4640610|pmid=26601191|pages=e1400175|volume=1|issue=5|doi=10.1126/sciadv.1400175|author=Wilting, A.; Courtiol, A.; Christiansen, P.; Niedballa, J.; Scharf, A. K.; Orlando, L.; Balkenhol, N.; Hofer, H.; Kramer-Schadt, S.; Fickel, J. & Kitchener, A. C.}}</ref> In 2017, d'athbhreithnigh Tascfhórsa Catrangaithe Ghrúpa Sainréimse Cat an AICD tacsanomaíocht ''felid'' de réir an mholta dhá fhospeicis 2015 agus níor aithníodh ach ''P. t. tigris'' agus ''P. t. sondaica'' amháin.<ref name="catsg">{{Luaigh foilseachán|author=Kitchener, A. C.; Breitenmoser-Würsten, C.; Eizirik, E.; Gentry, A.; Werdelin, L.; Wilting, A.; Yamaguchi, N.; Abramov, A. V.; Christiansen, P.; Driscoll, C.; Duckworth, J. W.; Johnson, W.; Luo, S.-J.; Meijaard, E.; O'Donoghue, P.; Sanderson, J.; Seymour, K.; Bruford, M.; Groves, C.; Hoffmann, M.; Nowell, K.; Timmons, Z. & Tobe, S.|date=2017|url=https://repository.si.edu/bitstream/handle/10088/32616/A_revised_Felidae_Taxonomy_CatNews.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y#page=66|title=A revised taxonomy of the Felidae: The final report of the Cat Classification Task Force of the IUCN Cat Specialist Group (PDF).|journal=Cat News (Special Issue 11)|pages=lgh. 66-68}}</ref> Léirigh torthaí staidéar seicheamhaithe géinte iomláin 2018 de 32 sampla ón sé fhospeiceas toimhdean beo—an tíogar Bheangál, Malaech, Ind-Síneach, na Síne Theas, Amúrach agus Sumatrach—gur [[Clád|cláid]] shoiléire faoi leith iad.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Genome-Wide Evolutionary Analysis of Natural History and Adaptation in the World’s Tigers|url=https://www.cell.com/current-biology/abstract/S0960-9822(18)31214-4|journal=Current Biology|date=2018|issn=0960-9822|pmid=30482605|pages=3840–3849.e6|volume=28|issue=23|doi=10.1016/j.cub.2018.09.019|language=English|author=Liu, Y.-C.; Sun, X.; Driscoll, C.; Miquelle, D. G.; Xu, X.; Martelli, P.; Uphyrkina, O.; Smith, J. L. D.; O'Brien, S. J. & Luo, S.-J.}}</ref> Chomhthacaíodh leis na torthaí arís in 2021 agus 2023.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Recent Evolutionary History of Tigers Highlights Contrasting Roles of Genetic Drift and Selection|url=https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8136513/|journal=Molecular Biology and Evolution|date=2021|issn=1537-1719|pmc=8136513|pmid=33592092|pages=2366–2379|volume=38|issue=6|doi=10.1093/molbev/msab032|author=Armstrong, E. E.; Khan, A.; Taylor, R. W.; Gouy, A.; Greenbaum, G.; Thiéry, A; Kang, J. T.; Redondo, S. A.; Prost, S.; Barsh, G.; Kaelin, C.; Phalke, S.; Chugani, A.; Gilbert, M.; Miquelle, D.; Zachariah, A.; Borthakur, U.; Reddy, A.; Louis, E.; Ryder, O. A.; Jhala, Y. V.; Petrov, D.; Excoffier, L.; Hadly, E. & Ramakrishnan, U.}}</ref><ref name="Wang2023">{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Population genomic analysis provides evidence of the past success and future potential of South China tiger captive conservation|url=https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10111772/|journal=BMC biology|date=2023|issn=1741-7007|pmc=10111772|pmid=37069598|pages=64|volume=21|issue=1|doi=10.1186/s12915-023-01552-y|author=Wang, C.; Wu, D. D.; Yuan, Y. H.; Yao, M. C.; Han, J. L.; Wu, Y. J.; Shan, F.; Li, W. P.; Zhai, J. Q.; Huang, M; Peng, S. H.; Cai, Q .H.; Yu, J. Y.; Liu, Q. X.; Lui, Z. Y.; Li, L. X.; Teng, M. S.; Huang, W.; Zhou, J. Y.; Zhang, C.; Chen, W. & Tu, X. L.}}</ref> Léirigh staidéar sa bhliain 2023 go bhfuil bailíocht ag an naoi bhfospeiceas reatha ar fad.<ref name=":1">{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Ancient DNA reveals genetic admixture in China during tiger evolution|url=https://www.nature.com/articles/s41559-023-02185-8|journal=Nature Ecology & Evolution|date=2023-11|issn=2397-334X|pages=1914–1929|volume=7|issue=11|doi=10.1038/s41559-023-02185-8|language=en|author=Sun, X.; Liu, Y.-C.; Tiunov, M. P.; Gimranov, D. O.; Zhuang, Y.; Han, Y.; Driscoll, C. A.; Driscoll, C. A.; Pang, Y.; Li, C.; Pan, Y; Velasco, M. S.; Gopalakrishnan, S.; Yang, R.-Z.; Li, B.-G.; Jin, K.; Xu, X.; Uphyrkina, O.; Huang, Y.; Wu, X.-H.; Gilbert, M. T. P.; O'Brien, S. J.; Yamaguchi, N. & Luo, S.-J.}}</ref> Deir an Grúpa Sainréimse Cat "Given the varied interpretations of data, the [subspecific] taxonomy of this species is currently under review by the IUCN SSC Cat Specialist Group." nó i nGaeilge "Mar gheall ar na léirmhínithe éagsúla ar an dáta, tá Grúpa Sainréimse Cat SSC an AICD ag déanamh athbhreithnithe ar thacsanomaíocht [fospeiceasach] an speicis seo".<ref>{{Lua idirlín|teideal=Tiger|url=http://www.catsg.org/index.php?id=124|work=www.catsg.org|dátarochtana=2025-11-27|language=|údar=CatSG|archivedate=2014-11-12|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141112171012/http://www.catsg.org/index.php?id=124}}</ref> Tá na táblaí thíos bunaithe ar [[Tacsanomaíocht (bitheolaíocht)|rangú]] an tíogair mar a bhí in 2005<ref name=MSW3/> agus tugann siad rangú 2017 an Tascfhórsa Catrangaithe le fios chomh maith.<ref name=catsg/>{{clear}} {| class="wikitable" |+ style="text-align: centre;" | ''Panthera tigris tigris'' {{small|(Linnaeus, 1758)}}<ref name=Linn1758/> ! Pobal !! Cur síos !! Íomhá |- style="vertical-align: top;" | [[Tíogar Bheangál]] {{small|ainm déthéarmach ''P. t. tigris'' (von Linné, 1758)}}<ref name="Linn1758" /> | | Cuireann an pobal seo faoi ar [[fo-ilchríoch na hIndia|fho-ilchríoch na hIndia]].<ref name="Jackson1996">{{Luaigh foilseachán|author=Nowell, K. & Jackson, P.|date=1996|url=https://portals.iucn.org/library/sites/library/files/documents/1996-008.pdf#page=80|title="Tiger, Panthera tigris (Linnaeus, 1758)" (PDF).|volume=|pages=lgh. 55-65|publisher=IUCN. ISBN 2-8317-0045-0|location=Gland, Switzerland|journal=Wild Cats: Status Survey and Conservation Action Plan}}</ref> Tá fionnadh níos giorra ar an tíogar Bheangál ná mar atá orthu níos faide ó thuaidh<ref name=":2">{{Luaigh foilseachán|author=Pocock, R. I.|date=1939|url=https://archive.org/stream/PocockMammalia1/pocock1#page/n247/mode/2up|title="Panthera tigris"|journal=The Fauna of British India, Including Ceylon and Burma. Vol. Mammalia|volume=Vol. 1|pages=lgh. 197–210|publisher=T. Taylor and Francis, Ltd|location=Londain}}</ref>, le dath idir [[ciarbhuí]] agus cróchdhearg air<ref name=":2" /><ref>{{cite report|title=Indian National Studbook of the Bengal Tiger (''Panthera tigris tigris'') |publisher=Central Zoo Authority, Wildlife Institute of India |date=2011 |url=https://cza.nic.in/uploads/documents/studbooks/english/Bengal%20Tiger%20Studbook%202011.pdf |last1=Srivastav|first1=A. |last2=Malviya |first2=M. |last3=Tyagi |first3=P. C.|last4=Nigam |first4=P. |name-list-style=amp |access-date=27 May 2024}}</ref> agus polláirí atá measartha fada agus caol.<ref name="Mazák2010"/> | |[[File:Adult male Royal Bengal tiger.jpg|frameless]] |- style="vertical-align: top;" | [[Extinction|†]] [[Tíogar Caispeach]] {{small|ainm déthéarmach ''P. t. virgata'' ([[Johann Karl Wilhelm Illiger|Illiger]], 1815)}}<ref name="Illiger">{{Luaigh foilseachán|author=Illiger, K.|date=1815|title=Überblick der Säugethiere nach ihrer Verteilung über die Welttheile|journal=Abhandlungen der Königlichen Preußischen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin 1804–1811|pages=lgh. 39-159|publisher=Realschul-Buchhandlung|location=Berlin|url=https://bibliothek.bbaw.de/digitalisierte-sammlungen/akademieschriften/ansicht-akademieschriften?tx_bbaw_academicpublicationshow%5Baction%5D=show&tx_bbaw_academicpublicationshow%5Bcontroller%5D=AcademicPublication%5CVolume&tx_bbaw_academicpublicationshow%5Bpage%5D=195&tx_bbaw_academicpublicationshow%5Bvolume%5D=85&cHash=f015ec3f9a13240a9559ebdcb88aafa4}}</ref> | |Bhíodh an pobal seo ag cur faoi ón Túirc go dtí an [[Muir Chaisp|Mhuir Chaisp]].<ref name=Jackson1996/> Bhí fionnadh geal meirgeach rua air le stríoca tanaí a bhí an-ghar dá gcéile<ref>{{Harvnb|Sludskii|1992}}, lch. 137.</ref> agus [[cnámh cúlphlaice]] leathan.<ref name=Kitchener1999/> Nocht anailís ghéiniteach gur garghaol leis an tíogar Amúrach a bhí ann.<ref name="Driscoll2009">{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Mitochondrial Phylogeography Illuminates the Origin of the Extinct Caspian Tiger and Its Relationship to the Amur Tiger|url=https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0004125|journal=PLOS ONE|date=14 Ean 2009|issn=1932-6203|pmc=2624500|pmid=19142238|pages=e4125|volume=4|issue=1|doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0004125|language=en|author=Driscoll, C. A.; Yamaguchi, N.; Bar-Gal, G. K.; Roca, A. L.; Luo, S.; MacDonald, D. W. & O'Brien, S. J.}}</ref> Tá pobal an tíogair seo díothaithe ó bhí na 1970idí ann.<ref name=Seidensticker1999/> | |[[File:Panthera tigris virgata.jpg|frameless]] |- style="vertical-align: top;" | [[Tíogar Amúrach]] {{small|ainm déthéarmach ''P. t. altaica'' ([[Coenraad Jacob Temminck|Temminck]], 1844)}}<ref name="Temminck">{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Aperçu général et spécifique sur les Mammifères qui habitent le Japon et les Iles qui en dépendent|url=https://archive.org/details/faunajaponicasi00sieb/page/43|publisher=Lugduni Batavorum : Apud Auctorem|date=1844|coauthors=In Siebold, P. F. v.; Temminck, C. J.; Schlegel, H. (eag.).; Museum of Comparative Zoology Harvard University|author=Siebold, P. F. v.; Haan, W. de.; Temminck, C. J.; Schlegel, H.|journal=Fauna japonica, sive, Descriptio animalium, quae in itinere per Japoniam, jussu et auspiciis, superiorum, qui summum in India Batava imperium tenent, suscepto, annis 1823-1830|location=Leiden}}</ref> | |Tá cónaí ar an phobal seo tíogar i [[Cianoirthear na Rúise|gCianoirthear na Rúise]], in [[Oirthuaisceart na Síne]] agus b'fhéidir sa [[An Chóiré Thuaidh|Chóiré Thuaidh]].<ref name=Jackson1996/> Tá gruaig fhada agus fionnadh tiubh ar an tíogar Amúrach.<ref name=Temminck/> Athraíonn a dhath talún ó [[ócar]]-buí sa gheimhreadh go dath atá níos rua agus níos beoga tar éis dó a fhionnadh a chur.<ref>{{Harvnb|Sludskii|1992}}, lch. 131.</ref> Tá an blaosc níos giorra agus níos leithne ná blaoscanna na dtíogar ó dheas.<ref name="Mazák2010">{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Craniometric variation in the tiger (Panthera tigris): Implications for patterns of diversity, taxonomy and conservation|url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1616504708000621|journal=Mammalian Biology|date=2010-01-01|issn=1616-5047|pages=45–68|volume=75|issue=1|doi=10.1016/j.mambio.2008.06.003|author=Ji H. Mazák}}</ref> | |[[File:P.t.altaica Tomak Male.jpg|frameless]] |- style="vertical-align: top;" | [[Tíogar na Síne Theas]] {{small|ainm déthéarmach ''P. t. amoyensis'' ([[Max Hilzheimer|Hilzheimer]], 1905)}}<ref name=Hilzheimer>{{cite journal |last=Hilzheimer |first=M. |date=1905 |title=Über einige Tigerschädel aus der Straßburger zoologischen Sammlung |journal=Zoologischer Anzeiger |volume=28 |pages=594–599 |url=https://archive.org/details/zoologischeranze28deut/page/596}}</ref> | |Bhí an tíogar seo le fáil ó dheas i lár na Síne.<ref name=Jackson1996/> Bhí blaoscanna ag an chúig [[Eiseamláir an chineáil|eiseamláir cineáil]] a raibh fiacla [[Fiacla carnasacha|carnasacha]] agus [[cúlfhiacail]] níos giorra acu ná tíogair ón India, cráiniam níos lú, [[logall súile]] a luigh níos gaire dá gcéile le [[Starr iar-logall súile|stairr iar-logall súile]] níos mó; bhíodh a chraicinn sách buí le stríoca a bhí cosúil le [[rombas]].<ref name=Hilzheimer/> Tá [[haplaitíopa]] mtADN faoi leith aige de bharr a phóraithe le seanghinealaigh tíogar.<ref name=catsg/><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":4">{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=An extinct and deeply divergent tiger lineage from northeastern China recognized through palaeogenomics|url=https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9326283/|journal=Proceedings. Biological Sciences|date=2022-07-27|issn=1471-2954|pmc=9326283|pmid=35892215|pages=20220617|volume=289|issue=1979|doi=10.1098/rspb.2022.0617|author=Jiaming Hu, Michael V. Westbury, Junxia Yuan, Chunxue Wang, Bo Xiao, Shungang Chen, Shiwen Song, Linying Wang, Haifeng Lin, Xulong Lai, Guilian Sheng}}</ref> Tá sé díothaithe san fhiántas mar nach bhfacthas go hoifigiúil ó bhí na 1970idí ann,<ref name=":3" /> agus ní mhaireann sé ach i ngéibheann anois.<ref name=Wang2023/> | |[[File:2012 Suedchinesischer Tiger.JPG|frameless]] |- style="vertical-align: top;" | [[Tíogar Ind-Síneach]] {{small|ainm déthéarmach ''P. t. corbetti'' ([[Vratislav Mazák|Mazák]], 1968)}}<ref name="Mazak1968">{{cite journal |last=Mazák|first=V.|date=1968|title=Nouvelle sous-espèce de tigre provenant de l'Asie du sud-est|journal=Mammalia|volume=32|issue=1|pages=104–112|doi=10.1515/mamm.1968.32.1.104}}</ref> | |Faightear pobal an tíogair seo ar an [[Leithinis Ind-Síneach]].<ref name=Jackson1996/> Tá cráiniam níos lú ná ceann an tíogair Bheangál ag eiseamláir an tíogair Ind-Sínigh agus is cosúil go bhfuil fionnadh níos dorcha le stríoca níos tanaí orthu.<ref name=Mazak1968/><ref name="mazak06">{{cite journal|last1=Mazák|first1=J. H.|last2=Groves|first2=C. P.|name-list-style=amp|date=2006|title=A taxonomic revision of the tigers (''Panthera tigris'') of Southeast Asia|journal=Mammalian Biology|volume=71|issue=5|pages=268–287|doi=10.1016/j.mambio.2006.02.007|bibcode=2006MamBi..71..268M|url=http://www.dl.edi-info.ir/A%20taxonomic%20revision%20of%20the%20tigers%20of%20Southeast%20Asia.pdf|access-date=15 January 2024|archive-date=31 May 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230531133543/http://www.dl.edi-info.ir/A%20taxonomic%20revision%20of%20the%20tigers%20of%20Southeast%20Asia.pdf|url-status=live|author=Mazák, J. H. & Groves, C. P.}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230531133543/http://www.dl.edi-info.ir/A%20taxonomic%20revision%20of%20the%20tigers%20of%20Southeast%20Asia.pdf |date=31 Bealtaine 2023 }}</ref> | |[[File:Panthera tigris corbetti (Tierpark Berlin) 832-714-(118).jpg|frameless]] |- style="vertical-align: top;" | [[Tíogar Malaech]] {{small|ainm déthéarmach ''P. t. jacksoni'' (Luo et al., 2004)}}<ref name="Luo04">{{cite journal |date=2004|title=Phylogeography and genetic ancestry of tigers (''Panthera tigris'')|journal=[[PLOS Biology]]|volume=2|issue=12|pmid=15583716|pmc=534810|doi=10.1371/journal.pbio.0020442|author=Luo, S.-J.; Kim, J.-H.; Johnson, W. E.; van der Walt, J.; Martenson, J.; Yuhki, N.; Miquelle, D. G.; Uphyrkina, O.; Goodrich, J. M.; Quigley, H. B.; Tilson, R.; Brady, G.; Martelli, P.; Subramaniam, V.; McDougal, C.; Hean, S.; Huang, S.-Q.; Pan, W.; Karanth, U. K.; Sunquist, M.; Smith, J. L. D. & O'Brien, S. J.|pages=e442}}</ref> | |Moladh an tíogar Malaech mar fhospeiceas faoi leith bunaithe ar dhifríocht idir a mtADN agus a mhionsheichimh satailíte agus iad an tíogair Ind-Sínigh.<ref name=Luo04/> Níl difríocht rómhór idir dath a fhionnaidh ná méid a bhlaoisc agus iad an tíogair Ind-Sínigh ach an oiread.<ref name=mazak06/> Níl aon teorainn shoiléir idir phobail tíogar i dtuaisceart na [[An Mhalaeis|Malaeise]] agus deisceart na [[An Téalainn|Téalainne]].<ref name=":3" /> | |[[File:2012-09-15 Tierpark Berlin 26 (cropped).jpg|frameless]] |} {| class="wikitable" |+ style="text-align: centre;" | ''Panthera tigris sondaica'' {{small|(Temminck, 1844)}}<ref name=catsg/> ! Pobal !! Cur síos !! Íomhá |- style="vertical-align: top;" | †[[Tíogar Iávach]] {{small|ainm déthéarmach ''P. t. sondaica'' (Temminck, 1944)}}<ref name=Temminck/> | |Rinneadh cur síos ar an tíogar seo bunaithe ar líon seithí anaithnid a raibh gruaig ghearr mhín orthu.<ref name=Temminck/> Bhí na tíogair de bhunadh [[Iáva]] measartha beag i gcomparáid le tíogair na mórthíre Áisí, bhí blaoscanna sách fada acu i gcomparáid leis an tíogar Shumatrach agus bhí stríoca níos faide, níos tanaí agus níos iomadúla acu.<ref name=mazak06/> Meastar go bhfuil pobal an tíogair Iávaigh díothaithe ó bhí na 1980idí ann. <ref name=Seidensticker1999/> | |[[File:COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM Een groep mannen en kinderen poseert bij een pas geschoten tijger te Malingping in Bantam West-Java TMnr 10006636.jpg|frameless]] |- style="vertical-align: top;" | †[[Tíogar Bailí]] {{small|ainm déthéarmach ''P. t. balica'' ([[Ernst Schwarz (zoologist)|Schwarz]], 1912)}}<ref name=Schwarz>{{cite journal |last=Schwarz |first=E. |date=1912 |title=Notes on Malay tigers, with description of a new form from Bali |journal=Annals and Magazine of Natural History |pages=324–326 |series=8 |volume=10 |issue=57 |doi=10.1080/00222931208693243 |url=https://archive.org/stream/annalsmagazineof8101912lond#page/324/mode/2up}}</ref> | | Bhíodh an tíogar seo le fáil ar [[Bailí|Bhailí]] agus bhí fionnadh níos gile air agus blaosc níos lú aige ná mar a bhí ag an tíogar Iávach.<ref name=Schwarz/><ref name="der-tiger">{{cite book |author=Mazak, V.|year=2004|title=''Der Tiger''|publisher=Westarp Wissenschaften Hohenwarsleben|location=Madgeburg|isbn=978-3-89432-759-0|language=de}}</ref> Gné tipicúil de bhlaoisc an tíogair Bhailí ná an cnámh cúlphlaice caol atá cosúil le blaosc an tíogar Iávach.<ref>{{cite journal |date=1978|title=Skin and Skull of the Bali Tiger, and a list of preserved specimens of ''Panthera tigris balica'' (Schwarz, 1912)|journal=[[Zeitschrift für Säugetierkunde]]|volume=43|issue=2|pages=108–113|author=Mazák, V.; Groves, C. P. & Van Bree, P.}}</ref> Tá an pobal seo díothaithe ó bhí na 1940idí ann.<ref name="Seidensticker1999">{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Riding the tiger : tiger conservation in human-dominated landscapes|url=http://archive.org/details/ridingtigertiger00unse|publisher=[London] : Zoological Society of London; Cambridge [England]; New York : Cambridge University Press|date=1999|coauthors=Better World Books|author=Seidensticker, J.; Christie, S. & Jackson, P.|pages=lgh. xv-xx}}</ref> | |[[File:Bali tiger zanveld.jpg|frameless]] |- style="vertical-align: top;" | [[Tíogar Sumatrach]] {{small|ainm déthéarmach ''P. t. sumatrae'' ([[Reginald Innes Pocock|Pocock]], 1929)}}<ref name=Pocock1929>{{cite journal |last=Pocock |first=R. I. |date=1929 |title=Tigers |journal=[[Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society]] |volume=33 |pages=505–541 |url=https://archive.org/details/journalofbomb33341929bomb/page/n185}}</ref> | Bhí fionnadh dorcha ar an chéad eiseamlár den tíogar seo arb as [[Sumatra]] dó.<ref name=Pocock1929/> Tá gruaig sách fada um aghaidh an tíogair Shumatraigh<ref name=Jackson1996/> agus tá stríoca tiubha coirp chomh maith le [[cnámh sróine]] níos leithne agus níos lú aige ná mar atá ag na tíogair oileáin eile.<ref name=mazak06/> | |[[File:Panthera tigris sumatrae (Sumatran Tiger) close-up.jpg|frameless]] |} === Éabhlóid === {{Cladogram|{{clade |label1=''[[Panthera]]'' |1={{clade |1={{clade |1=[[Liopard sneachta]] [[File:Schneeleoparden (Panthera uncia) Zoo Salzburg 2014 f white background.jpg|70px]] |2='''Tíogar''' [[File:Tigress in Bandhavgarh NP white background.jpg|70px]] }} |2={{clade |1=[[Iaguar]] [[File:Jaguar (Panthera onca palustris) male Three Brothers River white background.JPG|70px]] |label2=&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |2={{clade |1=[[Liopard]] [[File:Flickr - Rainbirder - Sassy Lassy white background.jpg|70px]] |2=[[Leon]] [[File:Panthera leo -Ngorongoro, Tanzania-8b white background.jpg|70px]] }} }} }} }}|align=right|caption=Fíligineacht an ghéinis ''Panthera'' bunaithe ar staidéar [[ADN núicléach]] ó 2016<ref name=Li_al2016>{{cite journal |date=2016 |title=Phylogenomic evidence for ancient hybridization in the genomes of living cats (Felidae) |journal=Genome Research |volume=26 |issue=1 |pages=1–11 |doi=10.1101/gr.186668.114 |pmid=26518481 |pmc=4691742|author=Li, G.; Davis, B. W.; Eizirik, E.; Murphy, W. J.}}</ref>}}Roinneann an tíogar an géineas ''Panthera'' leis an [[leon]], an [[liopard]], an [[iaguar]] agus an [[liopard sneachta]]. Léiríonn torthaí anailísí ginideacha gur [[comhspeiceas]] iad an tíogar agus an liopard sneachta agus gur scar a [[Ginealach|nginealaigh]] óna gcéile idir 2.70 agus 3.70 milliún bliain ó shin.<ref>{{cite journal |title=Supermatrix and species tree methods resolve phylogenetic relationships within the big cats, ''Panthera'' (Carnivora: Felidae)|url=https://archive.org/details/molecular-phylogenetics-and-evolution_2010-07_56_1/page/68|journal=Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution|year=2010|volume=56|issue=1|pages=64–76|pmid=20138224|doi=10.1016/j.ympev.2010.01.036|bibcode=2010MolPE..56...64D|author=Davis, B. W.; Li, G. & Murphy, W. J.}}</ref> Léiríonn seicheamhú géinte iomláin an tíogair [[Athsheicheamh|athsheichimh]] atá ar chomhthreomhar leo i ngéanóm na gcat eile.<ref>{{Cite journal |title=The tiger genome and comparative analysis with lion and snow leopard genomes|doi=10.1038/ncomms3433|pmid=24045858|pmc=3778509|journal=Nature Communications|volume=4|year=2013|bibcode=2013NatCo...4.2433C|author=Cho, Y. S.; Hu, L.; Hou, H.; Lee, H.; Xu, J.; Kwon, S.; Oh, S.; Kim, H. M.; Jho, S.; Kim, S.; Shin, Y. A.; Kim, B. C.; Kim, H.; Kim, C. U.; Luo, S. J.; Johnson, W. E.; Koepfli, K. P.; Schmidt-Küntzel, A.; Turner, J. A.; Marker, L.; Harper, C.; Miller, S. M.; Jacobs, W.; Bertola, L. D.; Kim, T. H.; Lee, S.; Zhou, Q.; Jung, H. J.; Xu, X. & Gadhvi, P.|pages=2443}}</ref> Rinneadh cur síos ar an speiceas iontaiseach ''[[Panthera palaeosinensis]]'' ón [[Pléisticéineach|Phléisticéineach]] luath i dtuaisceart na Síne mar shinsear féideartha tíogair nuair a aimsíodh é in 1924 ach creideann cláidistíocht an lae inniu go [[Bonnach (fíliginiteach)|bonnspeiceas]] é i gcomparáid le ''Panthera'' na linne seo.<ref name="Mazák">{{cite journal |year=2011|title=Oldest Known Pantherine Skull and Evolution of the Tiger|journal=PLOS ONE|volume=6|issue=10|doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0025483|pmid=22016768|bibcode=2011PLoSO...625483M|pmc=3189913|author=Mazák, J. H.; Christiansen, P. & Kitchener, A. C.|pages=25483}}</ref><ref name="Tseng">{{cite journal |date=2014|title=Himalayan fossils of the oldest known pantherine establish ancient origin of big cats|journal=Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences|volume=281|issue=1774|doi=10.1098/rspb.2013.2686|pmid=24225466|pmc=3843846|author=Tseng, Z. J.; Wang, X.; Slater, G. J.; Takeuchi, G. T.; Li, Q.; Liu, J. & Xie, G.}}</ref> Bhí ''[[Panthera zdanskyi]]'' ina chónaí ann thart ar an am agus an áit chéanna agus moladh gur comhspeiceas leis an tíogar reatha a bhí ann nuair a imscrúdaíodh é sa bhliain 2014.<ref name=Mazák/> Ó 2023 ar aghaidh, áfach, meastar gur comhchiallach é ''P. palaeosinensis'' de ''P. zdanskyi'' in dhá staidéar a rinneadh ina dhiaidh sin nuair a thug siad faoi deara go luíonn na difríochtaí atá aige ón speiceas sin laistigh de réimse na n-éagsúlachtaí indibhidiúla.<ref>{{cite journal |title=The identity of the "lion", ''Panthera principialis'' sp. nov., from the Pliocene Tanzanian site of Laetoli and its significance for molecular dating the pantherine phylogeny, with remarks on Panthera shawi (Broom, 1948), and a revision of Puma incurva (Ewer, 1956), the Early Pleistocene Swartkrans "leopard" (Carnivora, Felidae)|url=|journal=Palaeobiodiversity and Palaeoenvironments|year=2023|volume=103|issue=2|pages=465–487|doi=10.1007/s12549-022-00542-2|bibcode=2023PdPe..103..465H|author=Hemmer, Helmut}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|doi=10.1080/08912963.2022.2034808|title=Discovery of jaguar from northeastern China middle Pleistocene reveals an intercontinental dispersal event|date=2023|journal=Historical Biology|volume=35|issue=3|pages=293–302|bibcode=2023HBio...35..293J|author=Jiangzuo, Q.; Wang, Y.; Ge, J.; Liu, S.; Song, Y.; Jin, C.; Jiang, H. & Liu, J.}}</ref> Is iad blúirí géill a aimsíodh in [[Lantian County|Lantion]] na Síne an nochtadh is luaithe den tíogar reatha sa taifead iontaiseach a théann siar go dtí an Pléisticéineach luath.<ref name=Mazák/> Aimsíodh iontaisí tíogair ón Mheán- go dtí an Luathphléisticéineach fud fad na Síne, Iáva agus Sumatra. I measc na bhfospeiceas réamhstairiúil tá ''[[Panthera tigris trinilensis]]'' agus ''[[Panthera tigris soloensis|P. t. soloensis]]'' de bhunadh Iáva agus Sumatra agus ''[[Panthera tigris acutidens|P. t. acutidens]]'' de bhunadh na Síne; fuarthas iontaisí tíogair ón Phléisticéineach dhéanach agus ón [[An Sealad Holaicéineach|Luathholaicéineach]] i [[Boirneo|mBoirneo]] agus [[Palawan]] na [[Na hOileáin Fhilipíneacha|nOileán Filipíneach]].<ref name="Kitchener2009">Kitchener, A. & Yamaguchi, N. (2009). "What is a Tiger? Biogeography, Morphology, and Taxonomy" in {{harvnb|Tilson|Nyhus|2010|pp=|lgh=}}, lgh. 53–84</ref> Tuairiscítear go bhfuil samplaí den tíogar ón Phléisticéineach Mheán-dheánach a fuarthas sa [[An tSeapáin|tSeapáin]].<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=The Japanese Archipelago sheltered cave lions, not tigers, during the Late Pleistocene|url=https://pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.2523901123|journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences|date=2026-02-10|issn=0027-8424|pmc=12890994|pmid=41587328|volume=123|issue=6|doi=10.1073/pnas.2523901123|language=en|author=Xin Sun, Lanhui Peng, Takumi Tsutaya, Qigao Jiangzuo, Yoshikazu Hasegawa, Yuxin Hou, Yu Han, Yan Zhuang, Nuno Filipe Gomes Martins, Jazmin Ramos Madrigal, Alberto J. Taurozzi, Meaghan Mackie, Gaudry Trochė, Jesper V. Olsen, Enrico Cappellini, Stephen J. O’Brien, M. Thomas P. Gilbert, Nobuyuki Yamaguchi, Shu-Jin Luo}}</ref> Léiríonn torthaí staidéar [[fíleathíreolaíoch]] go bhfuil comhshinsear ag chuile speiceas tíogar beo a bhí beo idir 108,000 agus 72,000 bliain ó shin.<ref name="Luo04" /> Tugann staidéar géinte le fios gur chrap pobal an tíogair thart ar 115,000 bliain ó shin de bharr oighrithe. Síolraíonn pobal reatha na dtíogar ó [[Díseart|dhíseart]] a bhí san Ind-sín agus a leath ar fud na háise tar éis na [[An uasmhéid oighrithe deireanach|huasmhéide oighrithe deireanaí]]. De réir mar a chóilínigh siad oirthuaisceart na Síne, mheasc sinsir an tíogair Ind-sínigh le pobal iarmharach tíogar.<ref name=":4" /><ref name=":1" /> === Hibridí === ''Tuilleadh Eolais: [[Hibridí Feilideacha]] agus [[hibridí Panthera]]'' Is féidir le tíogair idirphórú le cait ''Panthera'' eile agus is amhlaidh atá déanta acu i ngéibheann. Is é an [[leogar]] toradh phóraithe an tíogair bhaininn agus an leoin fhirinn agus is é an [[tígleon]] toradh phóraithe an tíogair fhirinn agus an leoin bhaininn.<ref name="Gabryś">{{cite journal |year=|title=Interspecific hybrids of animals-in nature, breeding and science–a review|journal=Annals of Animal Science|volume=21|issue=2|pages=403–415|doi=10.2478/aoas-2020-0082|author=Gabryś, J.; Kij, B.; Kochan, J. & Bugno-Poniewierska, M.|date=2021|url=https://doi.org/10.2478%2Faoas-2020-0082}}</ref> Cuireann an t-athair leoin géin chur chun cinn an fháis ar aghaidh ach tá géin chomhfhreagrach srianta an fháis ón tíogar bhaineann in easnamh sa mhéad is go bhfásann leogair i bhfad níos mó ná ceachtar de speicis na dtuismitheoirí. Ní chuireann an tíogar fireann géin chur chun cinn an fháis ar aghaidh os a choinne sin cé go gcuireann an leon baineann géin srianta an fháis ar aghaidh; mar sin, bíonn tígleoin thart ar chomh mhéid lena dtuismitheoirí.<ref name="imprinting">{{Lua idirlín|teideal=Genomic Imprinting|url=https://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/epigenetics/imprinting/|dátarochtana=2025-12-01|language=en|foilsitheoir=Genetic Science Learning Center, Utah}}</ref> Toisc gur minic a fhorbraíonn siad éalanga ón bhroinn a mbaineann baol báis leo, glactar le pórú na hibridí mar nós neamheiticiúil.<ref name="Gabryś" /> == Cur síos == [[File:TigerSkelLyd1.png|thumb|left|Creatlach tíogair ó Royal Natural History Imleabhar 1 (1839)|alt=Drawing of tiger skeleton]] Tá morfeolaíocht fheilíneach thipiciúil ag an tíogar a bhfuil corp matánach, cosa giorraithe, géaga tosaigh láidre, lapaí tosaigh leathana, ceann mór agus eireaball atá thart ar leathfhad an choirp eile i bhfad aige.<ref name=":8">{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Panthera tigris|url=https://academic.oup.com/mspecies/article-lookup/doi/10.2307/3504004|journal=Mammalian Species|date=1981|pages=1-8|issue=152|doi=10.2307/3504004|author=Mazák, V.|bibcode=https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1981MamSp.152....1M|id=https://www.jstor.org/stable/3504004}}</ref>{{sfn|Sludskii|1992|p=98}} Tá cúig mhéar aige, [[drúchtchrobh]] ina measc sin, ar na cosa chun tosaigh agus ceithre cinn ar na cosa deiridh, a bhfuil crobha in-aistarraingthe atá fáiscthe agus cuartha ar féidir leo a bheith 10 cm i bhfad aige.<ref name=":8" />{{sfn|Thapar|2004|p=26}} Tá a chuid cluasa cruinn agus tá mac imrisc cruinn ar na súile.<ref name=":8" /> Críochnaíonn an smut i mbarr triantánach a bhfuil poncanna dubha beaga air dá mhéadaíonn a líon agus an tíogar ag dul in aois.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Combination of facial and nose features of Amur tigers to determine age|url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/1749-4877.12817|journal=Integrative Zoology|date=2025-01|issn=1749-4877|pages=186–198|volume=20|issue=1|doi=10.1111/1749-4877.12817|language=en|author=Caiping Zhao, Wenrui Dai, Qiang Liu, Dongqi Liu, Nathan James Roberts, Zhaoli Liu, Ming Gong, Hongkun Qiu, Changhai Liu, Dan Liu, Guangkai Ma, Guangshun Jiang}}</ref> Tá blaosc an tíogair scafánta le réigiún tosaigh teoranta le [[Logall súile|logaill súile]] éilipseacha atá beag go comhréireach, [[Cnámh sróine|cnámha sróine]] fada agus cráiniam fadaithe le [[moing saighdeach]] mór.{{sfn|Sludskii|1992|p=103}}<ref name=":8" /> Tá sé cosúil le blaosc an leoin ach tá difríocht ann idir an dá bhlaosc de bharr íochtar cuasach nó leacaithe an ghéill íochtair agus an tsrón atá níos faide.{{sfn|Sludskii|1992|p=103}}<ref name=":8" /> Tá thart ar 30 fiacail atá sách scafánta ag an tíogar agus tá a [[Starrfhiacail|starrfhiacla]] cuartha ar na cinn is faide i measc na gcat agus iad 6.4-7.6 cm (2.5-3.0 or).<ref name=":8" />{{sfn|Thapar|2004|p=25}} Tá fad cheann-choirp an tíogair idir 1.4-2.8 m (4 tr 7 or - 9 tr 2 or) le heireaball atá 0.6-1.1 m (2 tr 0 or - 3 tr 7 or) agus seasann sé 0.8-1.1 m (2 tr 7 or - 3 tr 7 or) ag an ghualainn.<ref name="Walker">{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Panthera tigris (tiger)|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=T37sFCl43E8C&pg=PA825|publisher=Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press|date=1999-07-29|language=en|author=Novak, R. M. & Walker, E. P|journal=Walker's Mammals of the World|issue=6|pages=825-828}}</ref> Is mó an tíogar Bheangál agus an tíogar Sumatrach de na speicis éagsúla.<ref name=":8" /> Meánn tíogair Bheangál fhireannacha idir 200-260 kg (440-570 lb), agus meánn na baineannaigh idir 100-160 kg (220-250 lb); is lú na tiogair oileánacha de na speicis éagsúla, is cosúil gur de bharr [[abhcacht oileánach]] atá sé.<ref name="Kitchener1999" /> Meánn tiogair Shumatracha fhireannacha idir 100-140 kg (220-310 lb) agus meánn na baineannaigh idir 75-110 kg (165-243 lb).<ref name=":9">Sunquist, M. (2010). "What is a Tiger? Ecology and Behaviour" in {{Harvnb|Tilson|Nyhus|2010|lgh=19/34}}, lgh. 19−34</ref> Meastar gurb é an tíogar an speiceas féilíneach beo is mó ar domhan; ach toisc go bhfuil difríocht mhór méide agus meáchain idir na pobail tíogar éagsúla, is féidir gur lú meánmheáchan an tíogair ná é an leoin, a fhad agus a bhíonn na tíogair is mo níos mó ná na leoin chosúla.<ref name="Kitchener2009" /> === Fionnadh === [[Íomhá:Tiger_Stripes_(29808869755).jpg|alt=Close up of a tiger's fur|mion|Fionnadh an tíogair Amúraigh ar a chliathán (taobh)]] Bíonn ribí gruaige gearra ar fhionnadh an tíogair de ghnáth, ar féidir a bheith chomh fada le 35 mm (1.4 or), ach is féidir le ribí gruaige an tíogair Amúraigh tuaisceart-chónaithigh fad de 105 mm (4.1 or) a shroicheadh. De ghnáth, is faide ribí gruaige an bhoilg ná iad na droma. Bíonn dlús a bhfionnaidh tanaí de ghnáth ach forbraíonn an tíogar Amúrach fionnadh geimhridh atá sách tiubh. Tá línte fionnaidh um aghaidh an tíogair agus guairí fada orthu, na fireannaigh ach go háirithe.<ref name=":8" /> Tá [[Dath ainmhithe|dath]] oráiste air a athraíonn ó scothbhuí go ruánach.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Tiger: the ultimate guide|publisher=CDS books in association with Two brothers press|date=2004|location=New York|author=Valmik Thapar|url=https://archive.org/details/tigerultimategui0000thap/mode/2up}}</ref> Clúdaíonn fionnadh bán an t-íochtar ó cheann go heireaball, thar dromchla istigh na gcos agus codanna den aghaidh.<ref name=":8" /><ref name=":6">{{Harvnb|Sludskii|1992|lgh=99-102}}, lgh. 99-102.</ref> Tá spota bán feiceálach ar chúl na gcluasa atá timpeallaithe le fionnadh dubh.<ref name=":8" /> Marcáiltear an tíogar le stríoca dubha nó dubhdhonna agus bíonn pátrún faoi leith ag chuile thíogar.<ref name=":8" /><ref name=":7">Miquelle, D. "Tiger" in {{Harvnb|MacDonald|2001}}, lgh. 18-21</ref> Bíonn na stríoca ingearach den chuid is mó ach amháin na cinn ar na géaga agus ar an chlár éadain a bhíonn cothrománach. Tá an chuid is mó díobh le feiceáil ar cúl agus is féidir leo ar an cholainn íochtar an bhoilg a shroicheadh. Go hiondúil, bíonn barr géar ar na stríoca agus is féidir leo scaradh óna chéile nó teacht le chéile arís eile. Is bandaí tiubha iad na stríoca eireabaill agus barrtar a dheireadh le dubh.<ref name=":6" /> Tá an tíogar ar cheann den bheagán speiceas cait a bhfuil stríoca orthu.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Why the leopard got its spots: relating pattern development to ecology in felids|url=https://royalsocietypublishing.org/rspb/article/278/1710/1373/73541/Why-the-leopard-got-its-spots-relating-pattern|journal=Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences|date=2011-05-07|issn=0962-8452|pmc=3061134|pmid=20961899|pages=1373–1380|volume=278|issue=1710|doi=10.1098/rspb.2010.1734|language=en|author=William L. Allen, Innes C. Cuthill, Nicholas E. Scott-Samuel, Roland Baddeley}}</ref> Tá stríoca ina mbuntáiste don [[Duaithníocht|nduaithníocht]] i bhfásra a bhfuil pátrúin ingearacha solais agus scátha iontu cosúil le crainnte, giolcaigh agus féir arda.<ref name=":7" /><ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=The Adaptive Significance of Coloration in Mammals|url=https://academic.oup.com/bioscience/article/55/2/125-136/221478|journal=BioScience|date=2005|issn=0006-3568|pages=125-136|volume=55|issue=2|doi=10.1641/0006-3568(2005)055[0125:TASOCI]2.0.CO;2|language=en|author=Tim Caro}}</ref> Tacaíonn staidéar [[anailís Fourier]] a léirigh go n-aontaíonn pátrúin stríoca na dtíogar lena dtimpeallacht leis an teoiric seo.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Zebra stripes and tiger stripes: the spatial frequency distribution of the pattern compared to that of the background is significant in display and crypsis|url=https://academic.oup.com/biolinnean/article-lookup/doi/10.1111/j.1095-8312.1987.tb00442.x|journal=Biological Journal of the Linnean Society|date=1987-12|pages=427–433|volume=32|issue=4|doi=10.1111/j.1095-8312.1987.tb00442.x|language=en|author=D. Godfrey, J. N. Lythgoe, D. A. Rumball}}</ref> Is féidir go gcabhraíonn a ndathú oráiste leo iad a cheilt fosta mar tá creach an tíogair [[Dathdhaille|dathdhall]], rud a chiallaíonn nach bhfeictear an tíogar ach mar rud glas eile laistigh den fhásra. <ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Optimizing colour for camouflage and visibility using deep learning: the effects of the environment and the observer's visual system|url=https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rsif.2019.0183|journal=Journal of The Royal Society Interface|date=2019-05|issn=1742-5689|pages=20190183|volume=16|issue=154|doi=10.1098/rsif.2019.0183|language=en|author=J. G. Fennell, L. Talas, R. J. Baddeley, I. C. Cuthill, N. E. Scott-Samuel}}</ref> ==== Éagsúlacht dhatha ==== [[Íomhá:White_tiger_Nandankanan.jpeg|alt=White tiger with thickened stripes lying down|mion|[[Tíogar bán]] bréag-mhéilineach]] Níl a leithéid de thrí [[Bithathraitheach datha|bhithathraitheach datha]] an tíogair Bheangál – sneachta-bhán an-neamhstríocach, bán agus órga – le fáil san fhiántas sa lá atá inniu ann mar gheall ar laghdú na bpobal fiáin tíogar ach faightear i bpobail i ngéibheann iad fós. Tá dath cúlra bán le stríoca [[séipia]]<nowiki/>dhonna ar an [[Tíogar bán|tíogar bhán]]. Tá dath bán-órga le stríoca ruadhonna ar an [[tíogar órga]]. Is morf le stríoca an-éadroma agus eireaball séipiadhonn-fháinneach é an tíogar sneachta-bhán. Is de thoradh [[tréith chúlaitheach uathshómach]] le [[Lócas (géinitic)|lócas]] bán agus lócas [[Géinitic fhionnaidh chait|leathanbhanda]] iad na morfaí bána agus órga faoi seach. Is de thoradh [[Polaigéin|polaigéinte]] le lócais bhána agus leathanbhanda é an bithathraitheach sneachta-bhán.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=The genetics of tiger pelage color variations|url=https://www.nature.com/articles/cr201732|journal=Cell Research|date=2017-07|issn=1001-0602|pmc=5518981|pmid=28281538|pages=954–957|volume=27|issue=7|doi=10.1038/cr.2017.32|language=en|author=Xiao Xu, Gui-Xin Dong, Anne Schmidt-Küntzel, Xue-Li Zhang, Yan Zhuang, Run Fang, Xin Sun, Xue-Song Hu, Tian-You Zhang, Han-Dong Yang, De-Lu Zhang, Laurie Marker, Zheng-Fan Jiang, Ruiqiang Li, Shu-Jin Luo}}</ref> Tá tógáil an tíogair bháin an-chonspóideach mar níl siad úsáideach ó thaobh an chaomhnaithe de. Níl na géinte don mhorf datha seo ach ag 0.001% de thíogair fhiáine agus is é an t-[[ionphórú]] is cúis le ró-ionadaíocht an tíogair bháin i ngéibheann. Mar sin, má leanann an t-ionphórú seo ar aghaidh, tá an baol ann gurb iad [[spealadh ionphóraithe]] agus caillteanas na [[Inathraitheacht géinte|hinathraitheachta géinte]] i dtíogair i ngéibheann an toradh a bheidh ann.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|author=Xavier, N.|date=2010|url=https://www.currentscience.ac.in/Volumes/99/07/0894.pdf|title=A new conservation policy needed for reintroduction of Bengal tiger-white|journal=Current Science|volume=99|issue=7|pages=894–895}}</ref> Tá taifid ann de thíogair bhréag-[[Méilineach|mhéilineacha]] le stríoca cónascaithe i [[Páirc Náisiúnta Simlipal|bPáirc Náisiúnta Simlipal]] agus i dtrí zú Indiacha; léirigh anailís [[Géineolaíocht phobail|géineolaíochta pobail]] de shamplaí tíogar Indiach go bhfaightear an [[Feinitíopa|féinitíopa]] seo mar thoradh ar [[Sóchán|shócháin]] ghéin [[aimínipeiptíodáis]] [[Próitéin thras-scannáin|thras-scannáin]]. Tá an gné seo ag 37% de phobal tíogair Shimlipal, rud a nasctar le [[leithlisiú géiniteach]].<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=High frequency of an otherwise rare phenotype in a small and isolated tiger population|url=https://pnas.org/doi/full/10.1073/pnas.2025273118|journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences|date=2021-09-28|issn=0027-8424|pmc=8488692|pmid=34518374|volume=118|issue=39|doi=10.1073/pnas.2025273118|language=en|author=Vinay Sagar, Christopher B. Kaelin, Meghana Natesh, P. Anuradha Reddy, Rajesh K. Mohapatra, Himanshu Chhattani, Prachi Thatte, Srinivas Vaidyanathan, Suvankar Biswas, Supriya Bhatt, Shashi Paul, Yadavendradev V. Jhala, Mayank M. Verma, Bivash Pandav, Samrat Mondol, Gregory S. Barsh, Debabrata Swain, Uma Ramakrishnan}}</ref> == Dáileadh agus gnáthóg == [[Íomhá:Tigress_Anna_Savelevna_01.jpg|alt=Picture of tiger in forest at night|mion|Gaiste ceamara de thíogar Amúrach sa Rúis]] Bhíodh cead a chosa ag an tíogar go stairiúil agus cónaí air ó oirthear na Tuirce, tuaisceart na hIaráine agus an Afganastáin go dtí an Áise Láir agus ón Phacastáin thuaidh trí [[Fo-ilchríoch na hIndia|fho-ilchríoch na hIndia]] agus an Ind-Sín go hoirdheisceart na Sibéire, Sumatra, Iáva agus Bailí.<ref name=":8" /> Faoin bhliain 2022, ní raibh sé le fáil ach laistigh de 7% dá limistéar dáilte stairiúil agus bhí raon briste aige i bhfo-ilchríoch na hIndia, [[An Ind-Sín|leithinis na hInd-Síne]], Sumatra, oirthuaisceart na Síne agus [[Cianoirthear na Rúise]].<ref name=":3" /> Faoin bhliain 2020, bhí an t-achar is mó den ghnáthóg tíogair dhomhanda ag an India le 300,508 km² (116,027 mi²) á leanúint ag an Rúis le 195,819 km² (75,606 mi²).<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Range-wide trends in tiger conservation landscapes, 2001 - 2020|url=https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcosc.2023.1191280/full|journal=Frontiers in Conservation Science|date=2023|issn=2673-611X|volume=4|doi=10.3389/fcosc.2023.1191280|author=Sanderson, E. W.; Miquelle, D. G.; Fisher, K.; Harihar, A.; Clark, C.; Moy, J.; Potapov, P.; Robinson, N.; Royte, L.; Sampson, D.; Sanderlin, J.; Yackulic, C. B.; Belecky, M.; Breitenmoser, U.; Breitenmoser-Würsten, C.; Chanchani, P.; Chapman, S.; Deomurari, A.; Duangchantrasiri, S.; Facchini, E.; Gray, T. N. E.; Goodrich, J.; Hunter, L.; Linkie, M.; Marthy, W.; Rasphone, A.; Roy, S.; Sittibal, D.; Tempa, T.; Umponjan, M. & Wood, K.}}</ref> Tá cónaí ar an tíogar i ngnáthóga foraoise den chuid is mó agus is ainmhí an-sholúbtha é.<ref name=":9" /> Léiríonn taifid ón Áise Láir gur chuir sé faoi i bhforaoisí abhann [[Tugay]] agus foraoisí cnoic agus ísilchríche sa [[Réigiún Chugais|Chugais]].<ref>{{Harvnb|Sludskii|1992}}, lgh.&#x20;108–112</ref> I réigiún [[Amur (abhainn)|Amur-Ussuri]] na Rúise agus na Síne, cuireann sé faoi i [[Péine Chóiréach|bpéine Chóiréach]] agus i [[Foraois leathanduilleach agus mheasctha mheasartha|bhforaoisí leathanduilleacha agus measctha measartha]]; feidhmíonn [[Foraois abhann|foraoisí abhann]] mar phasáistí [[Scaipeadh bitheolaíoch|scaipthe]] a chuireann bia agus uisce ar fáil do thíogair agus a gcreach mar aon.<ref>Miquelle, D. G.; Smirnov, E. N.; Merrill, T. W.; Myslenkov, A. E.; Quigley, H.; Hornocker, M. G. & Schleyer, B. (1999). "Hierarchical spatial analysis of Amur tiger relationships to habitat and prey" in {{Harvnb|Seidenstecker|Christie|Jackson|1999}}, lgh. 71-99</ref> Faightear i [[Foraois leathanduilleach thais thrópaiceach agus fhothrópaiceach|bhforaoisí leathanduilleacha taise trópaiceacha agus fo-thrópaiceacha]], foraoisí leathanduilleacha agus measctha measartha, [[Foraois shíorghlasa thais thrópaiceach|foraoisí síorghlasa taise trópaiceacha]], [[Foraois thirim thrópaiceach|foraoisí tirime trópaiceacha]], [[Má thuiltrí|mánna tuiltrí]] agus sna [[Foraois mhangróbh|foraoisí mangróbh]] sna [[Sundarbans]] é go príomhá ar fho-ilchríoch na hIndia.<ref>Wikramanayake, E. D.; Dinerstein, E.; Robinson, J. G.; Karanth, K. U.; Rabinowitz, A.; Olson, D.; Mathew, T.; Hedao, P.; Connor, M.; Hemley, G. & Bolze, D. (1999). "Where can tigers live in the future? A framework for identifying high-priority areas for the conservation of tigers in the wild" in {{harvnb|Seidensticker|Christie|Jackson|1999}}, lgh. 265-267</ref> In [[Oirthear na Himiléithe]], taifeadadh i [[Foraois mheasartha|bhforaoisí measartha]] sa [[An Bhútáin|Bhútáin]] é ar airde de 4,200 m (13,800 tr), agus in oirdheaisceart na [[An Tibéid|Tibéide]] sna [[Cnoic Mishmi]] ar airde de 3,630 m (11,910 tr) agus i [[Contae Mêdog|gContae Mêdog]] ar airde de 3,139 m (10,299 tr).<ref>Jigme, K. & Tharchen, L. (2012). "Camera-trap records of tigers at high altitudes in Bhutan". ''Cat News'' (56): 14–15.</ref><ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=First photographic record of tiger presence at higher elevations of the Mishmi Hills in the Eastern Himalayan Biodiversity Hotspot, Arunachal Pradesh, India|url=https://threatenedtaxa.org/index.php/JoTT/article/view/4381|journal=Journal of Threatened Taxa|date=2018|issn=0974-7907|pages=12833–12836|volume=10|issue=13|doi=10.11609/jott.4381.10.13.12833-12836|author=Adhikarimayum, A. S. & Gopi, G. V.}}</ref><ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Tiger reappearance in Medog highlights the conservation values of the region for this apex predator|url=https://www.zoores.ac.cn/en/article/doi/10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2023.178|journal=Zoological Research|date=2023|issn=2095-8137|pmc=10415778|pmid=37464931|pages=747–749|volume=44|issue=4|doi=10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2023.178|language=en|author=Li, X. Y.; Hu, W. Q.; Wang, H. J. & Jiang, X. L.}}</ref> Cuireann sé faoi i bhforaoisí [[duillsilteach]] agus [[Planda síorghlas|síorghlasa]] sa Téalainn.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=How many tigers Panthera tigris are there in Huai Kha Khaeng Wildlife Sanctuary, Thailand? An estimate using photographic capture-recapture sampling|url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0030605307414107/type/journal_article|journal=Oryx|date=2007|issn=0030-6053|pages=447–453|volume=41|issue=4|doi=10.1017/S0030605307414107|language=en|author=Simcharoen, S.; Pattanavibool, A.; Karanth, K. U.; Nichols, J. D. & Kumar, N. S.}}</ref> In Sumatra, faightear i [[Foraois sheascainn mhóna|bhforaoisí seascainn móna]] ilchríche agus i [[Foraois Montane|bhforaoisí Montane]] garbha.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Population Status of a Cryptic Top Predator: An Island-Wide Assessment of Tigers in Sumatran Rainforests|url=https://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0025931|journal=PLoS ONE|date=2011|issn=1932-6203|pmc=3206793|pmid=22087218|pages=e25931|volume=6|issue=11|doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0025931|language=en|author=Wibisono, H. T.; Linkie, M.; Guillera-Arroita, G.; Smith, J. A.; Sunarto; Pusarini, W.; Asriadi; Baroto, P.; Brickle, N.; Dinata, Y.; Gemita, E.; Gunaryadi, D.; Haidir, I. A. & Herwansyah}}</ref> === Dlús pobail === Nocht [[Gaiste ceamara|gaistí ceamara]] le linn 2010-2015 i bhforaois dhuillsilteach agus phéine fho-thrópaiceach na [[Páirc Náisiúnta Jim Corbett|Páirce Náisiúnta Jim Corbett]] i dtuaisceart na hIndia go bhfuil [[Dlús daonra|dlús phobail]] tíogair seasmhach de 12-17 indibhidiúil in aghaidh gach 100 km² (39 mi²) laistigh de limistéar 521 km² (201 mi²).<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Demography of a high‐density tiger population and its implications for tiger recovery|url=https://besjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/1365-2664.13410|journal=Journal of Applied Ecology|date=2019|issn=0021-8901|pages=1725–1740|volume=56|issue=7|doi=10.1111/1365-2664.13410|language=en|author=Bisht, S.; Banerjee, S.; Qureshi, Q. & Jhala, Y.}}</ref> I dtuaisceart Mhaenmar, measadh dlús phobail tíogair sa limistéar samplála, a raibh thart ar 3,250 km² (1,250 mi²) d'fhoraois leathanduilleach thrópaiceach agus féarthalamh ann, a bheith idir 0.21–0.44 tíogair in aghaidh gach 100 km² (39 mi²) faoin bhliain 2009.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Estimating abundance with sparse data: tigers in northern Myanmar|url=https://esj-journals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1007/s10144-008-0093-5|journal=Population Ecology|date=2009|issn=1438-3896|pages=115–121|volume=51|issue=1|doi=10.1007/s10144-008-0093-5|language=en|author=Lynam, A. J.; Rabinowitz, A.; Myint, T.; Maung, M.; Latt, K. T. & Po, S. H. T.}}</ref> Measadh go bhfuil an dlús phobail i bhforaoisí leath-shíorghlasa agus duillsilteacha measctha [[Anaclann Fiadhúlra Huai Kha Khaeng]] na Téalainne thart ar 2.01 tíogair in aghaidh gach 100 km² (39 mi²); le linn na 1970idí agus 1980idí, tharla [[lománaíocht]] agus póitseáil sna [[Páirc Náisiúnta Mae Wong|Páirceanna Náisiúnta Mae Wong]] agus [[Páirc Náisiúnta Khlong Lan|Khlong Lan]] in aice láimhe, áit a measadh an dlús phobail a bheith i bhfad níos ísle, gan ach 0.359 tíogair in aghaidh gach 100 km² (39 mi²) faoin bhliain 2016.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Tiger density, movements, and immigration outside of a tiger source site in Thailand|url=https://conbio.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/csp2.560|journal=Conservation Science and Practice|date=2021|issn=2578-4854|volume=3|issue=12|doi=10.1111/csp2.560|language=en|author=Phumanee, W.; Steinmetz, R.; Phoonjampa, R.; Weingdow, S.; Phokamanee, S.; Bhumpakphan, N. & Savini, T.}}</ref> Measadh an dlús phobail i bhforaoisí [[Dipterocarpaceae|dipterocarp]] agus montane i dtuaisceart na Malaeise a bheith thart ar 1.47–2.43 tíogair fhásta in aghaidh gach 100 km² (39 mi²) i bPáirc Stáit Belum Ríoga, ach 0.3–0.92 tíogair fhásta a bheith ann in aghaidh gach 100 km² (39 mi²) in [[Anaclann Foraoise Temengor]], áit atá gan chosaint a mbíonn lománaíocht ar siúl [[Lománaíocht roghnaitheach|ar bhonn roghnaitheach]].<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Conserving tigers in Malaysia: A science-driven approach for eliciting conservation policy change|url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0006320714005035|journal=Biological Conservation|date=2015|pages=18–26|volume=184|doi=10.1016/j.biocon.2014.12.024|language=en|author=Rayan, D. M. & Linkie, M.}}</ref> == Iompar agus éiceolaíocht == [[Íomhá:Tigerwater_edit2.jpg|alt=Tiger in water|mion|Tíogar ag folcadh]] Léiríonn sonraí ghaistí ceamara go seachnaíonn tíogair i [[Páirc Náisiúnta Chitwan|bPáirc Náisiúnta Chitwan]] áiteanna a ghnáthaíonn daoine agus gur gníomhaí a bhíonn siad san oíche ná sa ló.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Coexistence between wildlife and humans at fine spatial scales|url=https://pnas.org/doi/full/10.1073/pnas.1210490109|journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences|date=2012|issn=0027-8424|pmc=3458348|pmid=22949642|pages=15360–15365|volume=109|issue=38|doi=10.1073/pnas.1210490109|language=en|author=Carter, N. H.; Shrestha, B. K.; Karki, J. B.; Pradhan, N. M. B. & Liu, J.}}</ref> Ba ghníomhaí sé thíogar a raibh coiléir raidió orthu ó bhreacadh an lae go dtí go luath ar maidin agus a mbuaic á sroicheadh thart ar a 7:00 a chlog ar maidin i [[Páirc Náisiúnta Sundarbans|bPáirc Náisiúnta Sundarbans]]. <ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Ranging, Activity and Habitat Use by Tigers in the Mangrove Forests of the Sundarban|url=https://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0152119|journal=PLOS ONE|date=2016|issn=1932-6203|pmc=4822765|pmid=27049644|pages=e0152119|volume=11|issue=4|doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0152119|language=en|author=Naha, D.; Jhala, Y. V.; Qureshi, Q.; Roy, M.; Sankar, K. & Gopal, R.}}</ref> Nocht suirbhé gaiste ceamara trí bliana i bhfad i [[Páirc Náisiúnta Shuklaphanta|bPáirc Náisiúnta Shuklaphanta]] gur ghníomhaí na tíogair ó chrónú go dtí lár na hoíche.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Coexisting large carnivores: spatial relationships of tigers and leopards and their prey in a prey-rich area in lowland Nepal|url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/11956860.2018.1491512|journal=Écoscience|date=2019|issn=1195-6860|pages=1–9|volume=26|issue=1|doi=10.1080/11956860.2018.1491512|language=en|author=Pokheral, C. P. & Wegge, P.}}</ref> In oirthuaisceart na Síne, bhí tíogair ina [[Ainmhí clapsholais|n-ainmhithe clapsholais]] agus iad gníomhach le linn na hóiche agus a gcuid gníomhaíochtaí ag baint a mbuaic amach ar bhreacadh an lae agus ar chrónú na hoíche; bhíodar gníomhach ag nach mór an t-am céanna agus a bhí a gcuid creiche.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Do prey availability, human disturbance and habitat structure drive the daily activity patterns of Amur tigers ( Panthera tigris altaica )?|url=https://zslpublications.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jzo.12622|journal=Journal of Zoology|date=2019|issn=0952-8369|pages=131–140|volume=307|issue=2|doi=10.1111/jzo.12622|language=en|author=H. Yang, S. Han, B. Xie, P. Mou, X. Kou, T. Wang, J. Ge, L. Feng}}</ref> Is snámhaí cumhachtach é an tíogar a théann trasna aibhneacha atá chomh leathan le 8 km (5.0 mi) go héasca; tumann sé é féin san uisce ar laethanta teo ach go háirithe.<ref name=":7" /> Go ginearálta, níl a scileanna dreaptha crainn chomh cumasach agus atáthar i gcait eile de bharr a mhéide, ach déanann coileáin faoi 16 mhí amhlaidh go rialta.<ref>{{Harvnb|Thapar|2004}}, lgh. 26, 64–66</ref> Taifeadadh tíogar fásta ar dhreapadh dhó 10 m (33 tr) suas [[crann pipal]] mín.<ref name=":8" /> === Scaradh sóisialta === Bíonn saol atá aonarach den chuid is mó ag tíogair fhásta laistigh dá [[Raon baile (ainmhí)|raon baile]] nó [[Dúiche (ainmhí)|ndúiche]], dá bhraitheann a méid ar fhlúirse chreiche, láthair tíreolaíocha agus gnéas an indibhidiúla. Cosaíonn fireannaigh agus baineannaigh a raonta baile roimh thíogair an ghnéis chéanna agus cuimsíonn raon baile na bhfireannach iad go leor baineannach.<ref name=":8" /><ref name=":7" /> Bhí raonta baile de 10.6 agus 14.1 km² (4.1 agus 5.4 mi²) ag dhá bhaineannach sna [[Sundarbans]].<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Female tiger Panthera tigris home range size in the Bangladesh Sundarbans: the value of this mangrove ecosystem for the species’ conservation|url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0030605310001456/type/journal_article|journal=Oryx|date=2011|issn=0030-6053|pages=125–128|volume=45|issue=1|doi=10.1017/S0030605310001456|language=en|author=Barlow, A. C. D.; Smith, J. L. D.; Ahmad, I. U.; Hossain, A. N. M.; Rahman, M. & Howlader, A.}}</ref> In [[Anaclann Tíogair Panna]] d'athraigh raonta baile cúig bhaineannach athbhunaithe ó 53–67 km² (20–26 mi²) sa gheimhreadh go 55–60 km² (21–23 mi²) sa tsamhradh agus 46–94 km² (18–36 mi²) le linn an [[Monsún|mhonsúin]]; bhí raonta baile móra 84–147 km² (32–57 mi²) ag trí fhireannach sa gheimhreadh, 82–98 km² (32–38 mi²) sa tsamhradh agus 81–118 km² (31–46 mi²) le linn shéasúir an mhonsúin.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Movement and home range characteristics of reintroduced tiger (Panthera tigris) population in Panna Tiger Reserve, central India|url=http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10344-016-1026-9|journal=European Journal of Wildlife Research|date=2016|issn=1612-4642|pages=537–547|volume=62|issue=5|doi=10.1007/s10344-016-1026-9|language=en|author=Sarkar, M. S.; Ramesh, K.; Johnson, J. A.; Sen, S.; Nigam, P.; Gupta, S. K.; Murthy, R. S. & Saha, G. K.}}</ref> I [[Tearmann Bithsféir Sikhote-Alin|dTearmann Bithsféir Sikhote-Alin]], bhí raonta baile de 248–520 km² (96–201 mi²) ag 14 baineannach agus de 847–1,923 km² (327–742 mi²) ag cúig fhireannach a chuimsigh iad de chúig bhaineannach ar an uasmhéid.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Spatial structure of Amur (Siberian) tigers ( Panthera tigris altaica ) on Sikhote-Alin Biosphere Zapovednik, Russia|url=https://academic.oup.com/jmammal/article-lookup/doi/10.1644/09-MAMM-A-293.1|journal=Journal of Mammalogy|date=2010|issn=0022-2372|pages=737–748|volume=91|issue=3|doi=10.1644/09-MAMM-A-293.1|language=en|author=Goodrich, J. M.; Miquelle, D. G.; Smirnov, E. M.; Kerley, L. L.; Quigley, H. B. & Hornocker, M. G.}}</ref> Nuair a bhíodh coileáin de cheithre mhí ar an uasaois ag bantíogair sa tearmann céanna, laghdóidís a raonta baile ionas go bhféadfaidís fanacht i ngar dá n-óga agus d'ardóidís a raonta baile de réir a chéile go dtí go mbeadh a n-óga 13–18 mí d'aois.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=The influence of reproductive status on home range size and spatial dynamics of female Amur tigers|url=http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s13364-020-00547-2|journal=Mammal Research|date=2021|issn=2199-2401|pages=83–94|volume=66|issue=1|doi=10.1007/s13364-020-00547-2|language=en|author=Klevtcova, A. V.; Miquelle, D. G.; Seryodkin, I. V.; Bragina, E. V.; Soutyrina, S. V. & Goodrich, J. M.}}</ref> {{fráma íomhá|caption=[[Tíogar Bheangál|Tíogair Bheangál]] ag spraeáil múin (thuas) agus ag cuimilt de chrann chun a dhúiche a mharcáil|content={{CSS image crop |Image = Tiger spray marking. DavidRaju 1.jpg |bSize = 300 |cWidth = 150 |cHeight = 150 |oTop = 30 |oLeft = 30 }}{{CSS image crop |Image = Bijili (A tiger in Ranthambore National Park, 2016) 1.jpg |bSize = 150 |cWidth = 150 |cHeight = 150 |oTop = 30 |oLeft = 0 }}|width=150}} The tiger is a long-ranging species and individuals disperse over distances of up to {{cvt|650|km|mi}} to reach tiger populations in other areas.<ref>{{cite journal|author1=Joshi, A.|author2=Vaidyanathan, S.|author3=Mondol, S.|author4=Edgaonkar, A.|author5=Ramakrishnan, U.|year=2013|title=Connectivity of Tiger (''Panthera tigris'') Populations in the Human-Influenced Forest Mosaic of Central India|journal=PLOS ONE|volume=8|issue=11|article-number=e77980|doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0077980|pmid=24223132|pmc=3819329|bibcode=2013PLoSO...877980J|doi-access=free|name-list-style=amp}}</ref> Young tigresses establish their first home ranges close to their mothers' while males migrate further than their female counterparts.{{sfn|Thapar|2004|p=76}} Four [[Radio telemetry|radio-collared]] females in Chitwan dispersed between {{cvt|0|and|43.2|km|mi}} and 10 males between {{cvt|9.5|and|65.7|km}}.<ref name="Smith1993">{{cite journal|last=Smith|first=J. L. D.|year=1993|title=The role of dispersal in structuring the Chitwan tiger population|volume=124|journal=Behaviour|issue=3|pages=165–195|doi=10.1163/156853993X00560}}</ref> A subadult male lives as a transient in another male's home range until he is older and strong enough to challenge the resident male.{{sfn|Thapar|2004|p=76}}{{sfn|Mills|2004|pp=54–55}} Tigers mark their home ranges by [[Urine spraying|spraying urine]] on vegetation and rocks, clawing or [[scent rubbing]] trees and marking trails with [[faeces]], [[anal gland]] secretions and ground scrapings.<ref name="Miquelle" /><ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Burger|first1=B. V.|last2=Viviers|first2=M. Z.|last3=Bekker|first3=J. P. I.|last4=Roux|first4=M.|last5=Fish|first5=N.|last6=Fourie|first6=W. B.|last7=Weibchen|first7=G.|year=2008|title=Chemical characterization of territorial marking fluid of male Bengal tiger, ''Panthera tigris''|journal=Journal of Chemical Ecology|volume=34|issue=5|pages=659–671|doi=10.1007/s10886-008-9462-y|pmid=18437496|bibcode=2008JCEco..34..659B|hdl-access=free|hdl=10019.1/11220|s2cid=5558760|name-list-style=amp|url=https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/document?repid=rep1&type=pdf&doi=586948b8396932dd13d9e5a880e77cb7618a273f|access-date=29 June 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Smith|first1=J. L. D.|last2=McDougal|first2=C.|last3=Miquelle|first3=D.|year=1989|title=Scent marking in free-ranging tigers, ''Panthera tigris''|url=|journal=Animal Behaviour|volume=37|pages=1–10|doi=10.1016/0003-3472(89)90001-8|bibcode=1989AnBeh..37....1D|s2cid=53149100|name-list-style=amp}}</ref>{{sfn|Thapar|2004|p=105}} Scent markings also allow an individual to pick up information on another's identity. Unclaimed home ranges, particularly those that belonged to a deceased individual, can be taken over in days or weeks.<ref name="Miquelle" /> Male tigers are generally less tolerant of other males within their home ranges than females are of other females. Disputes are usually solved by intimidation rather than fighting. Once [[Dominance (ethology)|dominance]] has been established, a male may tolerate a subordinate within his range, as long as they do not come near him. The most serious disputes tend to occur between two males competing for a female in [[oestrus]].{{sfn|Mills|2004|pp=85–86}} Though tigers mostly live alone, relationships between individuals can be complex. Tigers are particularly social at kills and a male tiger will sometimes share a carcass with the females and cubs within this home range and unlike male lions, will allow them to feed on the kill before he is finished with it. However, a female is more tense when encountering another female at a kill.{{sfn|Schaller|1967|pp=244–251}}{{sfn|Mills|2004|p=89}} === Cumarsáid === During friendly encounters and bonding, tigers [[Bunting (animal behavior)|rub against]] each other's bodies.{{sfn|Schaller|1967|pp=262–263}} Facial expressions include the "defence threat", which involves a wrinkled face, bared teeth, pulled-back ears and widened pupils.{{sfn|Schaller|1967|p=263}}<ref name="Mazak1981" /> Both males and females show a [[flehmen response]], a characteristic curled-lip grimace, when smelling urine markings. Males also use the flehmen to detect the markings made by tigresses in oestrus.<ref name="Mazak1981" /> Tigers will move their ears around to display the white spots, particularly during aggressive encounters and between mothers and cubs.<ref name="WCW">{{Cite book|last1=Sunquist|first1=M. E.|year=2002|last2=Sunquist|first2=F.|name-list-style=amp|title=Wild Cats of the World|publisher=University of Chicago Press|location=Chicago|isbn=978-0-226-77999-7|chapter=Tiger ''Panthera tigris'' (Linnaeus, 1758)|pages=343–372|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IF8nDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA320}}</ref> They also use their tails to signal their mood. To show cordiality, the tail sticks up and sways slowly, while an apprehensive tiger lowers its tail or wags it side-to-side. When calm, the tail hangs low.{{sfn|Thapar|2004|p=29}} Tigers are normally silent but can produce numerous vocalisations.{{sfn|Schaller|1967|p=256}}{{sfn|Thapar|2004|p=99}} They [[roar]] to signal their presence to other individuals over long distances. This vocalisation is forced through an open mouth as it closes and can be heard {{cvt|3|km}} away. They roar multiple times in a row and others respond in kind. Tigers also roar during mating and a mother will roar to call her cubs to her. When tense, tigers moan, a sound similar to a roar but softer and made when the mouth is at least partially closed. Moaning can be heard {{cvt|400|m}} away.<ref name="Mazak1981" />{{sfn|Schaller|1967|pp=258–261}} Aggressive encounters involve [[growling]], [[snarling]] and hissing.{{sfn|Schaller|1967|p=261}} An explosive "coughing roar" or "coughing snarl" is emitted through an open mouth and exposed teeth.<ref name="Mazak1981" />{{sfn|Schaller|1967|p=261}}<ref name="WCW" /> In friendlier situations, tigers [[prusten]], a soft, low-frequency snorting sound similar to [[purring]] in smaller cats.<ref>{{Cite journal|doi=10.1023/A:1020620121416|year=1999|last1=Peters|first1=G.|last2=Tonkin-Leyhausen|first2=B. A.|name-list-style=amp|title=Evolution of acoustic communication signals of mammals: Friendly close-range vocalizations in Felidae (Carnivora)|journal=Journal of Mammalian Evolution|volume=6|issue=2|pages=129–159|s2cid=25252052}}</ref> Tiger mothers communicate with their cubs by grunting, while cubs call back with [[Miaow|miaows]].{{sfn|Schaller|1967|pp=257–258}} When startled, they "woof". They produce a deer-like "pok" sound for unknown reasons, but most often at kills.{{sfn|Schaller|1967|pp=256–258}}{{sfn|Mills|2004|p=62}}<gallery mode="packed" heights="150px"> Íomhá:Panthera_tigris_altaica_28_-_Buffalo_Zoo_(1).jpg|alt=Image of tiger barring teeth|Tíogar Amúrach ag nochtadh a chuid fiacla mar chomhartha ionsaitheachta Íomhá:Sumatran_tiger_(Panthera_tigris_sumatrae)_vocalising.webm|alt=Video of tiger roaring at a zoo|[[Tíogar Sumatrach]] i ngéibheann ag búireadh Íomhá:439280_schots_angry-tiger.wav|Tíogar i gcás ag drantú agus ag drannadh </gallery> === Seilg agus aiste bia === [[Íomhá:RANTHAMBORE_TIGER_RESERVE.jpg|alt=Tiger attacking a sambar deer from behind, pulling on its back|mion|Tíogar Bheangál ag ionsaí [[fia sambar]] in [[Anaclann Tíogair Ranthambore]]]] The tiger is a [[carnivore]] and an [[apex predator]]. [[Abundance (ecology)|Abundance]] and body weight of prey species are assumed to be the main criteria for the tiger's prey selection, both inside and outside protected areas.<ref>{{cite journal|author1=Biswas, S.|name-list-style=amp|author2=Kumar, S.|author3=Bandhopadhyay, M.|author4=Patel, S. K.|author5=Lyngdoh, S.|author6=Pandav, B.|author7=Mondol, S.|year=2023|title=What drives prey selection? Assessment of Tiger (''Panthera tigris'') food habits across the Terai-Arc Landscape, India|journal=Journal of Mammalogy|volume=104|issue=6|pages=1302–1316|doi=10.1093/jmammal/gyad069}}</ref> It feeds mainly on large and medium-sized [[Ungulate|hooved mammals]] such as [[sambar deer]], [[Manchurian wapiti]], [[barasingha]], [[gaur]] and [[wild boar]].<!--Please do not add any more species to this sentence.--><ref name="Hayward">{{cite journal|last1=Hayward|first1=M. W.|last2=Jędrzejewski|first2=W.|last3=Jędrzejewska|first3=B.|year=2012|title=Prey preferences of the tiger ''Panthera tigris''|journal=Journal of Zoology|volume=286|issue=3|pages=221–231|doi=10.1111/j.1469-7998.2011.00871.x|name-list-style=amp}}</ref><ref name="Steinmetz_al2021">{{cite journal|author1=Steinmetz, R.|name-list-style=amp|author2=Seuaturien, N.|author3=Intanajitjuy, P.|author4=Inrueang, P.|author5=Prempree, K.|year=2021|title=The effects of prey depletion on dietary niches of sympatric apex predators in Southeast Asia|journal=Integrative Zoology|volume=16|issue=1|pages=19–32|doi=10.1111/1749-4877.12461|pmid=32627329}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|author1=Variar, A. S.|name-list-style=amp|author2=Anoop, N. R.|author3=Komire, S.|author4=Vinayan, P. A.|author5=Sujin, N. S.|author6=Raj, A.|author7=Prasadan, P. K.|year=2023|title=Prey selection by the Indian tiger (''Panthera tigris tigris'') outside protected areas in Indias Western Ghats: implications for conservation|journal=Food Webs|volume=34|article-number=e00268|doi=10.1016/j.fooweb.2022.e00268|bibcode=2023FWebs..3400268V}}</ref> It also preys opportunistically on smaller species like [[Monkey|monkeys]], [[peafowl]] and other ground-based birds, [[Porcupine|porcupines]] and fish.<ref name="Mazak1981" /><ref name="Miquelle" /> Occasional attacks on [[Asian elephant|Asian elephants]] and [[Indian rhinoceros|Indian rhinoceroses]] have also been reported.<ref>{{cite journal|author1=Karanth, K. U.|year=2003|title=Tiger ecology and conservation in the Indian subcontinent|journal=Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society|volume=100|issue=2 & 3|pages=169–189|url=https://repository.ias.ac.in/89489/1/50p.pdf}}</ref> More often, tigers take the more vulnerable calves.<ref>{{cite journal|author1=Karanth, K. U.|author2=Nichols, J. D.|name-list-style=amp|year=1998|title=Estimation of tiger densities in India using photographic captures and recaptures|journal=Ecology|volume=79|issue=8|pages=2852–2862|doi=10.1890/0012-9658(1998)079[2852:EOTDII]2.0.CO;2|jstor=176521|url=http://erepo.usiu.ac.ke/bitstream/handle/11732/758/Estimation%20of%20tiger%20densities%20in%20India%20using%20photographic%20captures%20and%20recaptures.pdf?sequence=4&isAllowed=y|access-date=16 December 2021|archive-date=27 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221127044620/http://erepo.usiu.ac.ke/bitstream/handle/11732/758/Estimation%20of%20tiger%20densities%20in%20India%20using%20photographic%20captures%20and%20recaptures.pdf?sequence=4&isAllowed=y|url-status=live}}</ref> They sometimes prey on livestock and dogs in close proximity to settlements.<ref name="Mazak1981" /> Tigers occasionally consume vegetation, fruit and minerals for [[dietary fibre]] and supplements.<ref name="Perry">{{cite book|author=Perry, R.|title=The World of the Tiger|year=1965|publisher=Cassell|place=London|pages=133–134|asin=B0007DU2IU}}</ref> Tigers learn to hunt from their mothers, though the ability to hunt may be partially inborn.<ref name="Fàbregas">{{cite journal|last1=Fàbregas|first1=M. C.|last2=Fosgate|first2=G. T.|last3=Koehler|first3=G. M.|year=2015|title=Hunting performance of captive-born South China tigers (''Panthera tigris amoyensis'') on free-ranging prey and implications for their reintroduction|journal=Biological Conservation|volume=192|pages=57–64|doi=10.1016/j.biocon.2015.09.007|bibcode=2015BCons.192...57F|hdl=2263/50208|hdl-access=free|name-list-style=amp}}</ref> Depending on the size of the prey, they typically kill weekly though mothers must kill more often.<ref name="Sunquist2010" /> Families hunt together when cubs are old enough.{{sfn|Thapar|2004|p=63}} They search for prey using vision and hearing.{{sfn|Schaller|1967|pp=284–285}} A tiger will also wait at a watering hole for prey to come by, particularly during hot summer days.{{sfn|Schaller|1967|p=288}}{{sfn|Thapar|2004|p=120}} It is an ambush predator and when approaching potential prey, it crouches with the head lowered and hides in foliage. It switches between creeping forward and staying still. A tiger may even doze off and can stay in the same spot for as long as a day, waiting for prey and launch an attack when the prey is close enough,{{sfn|Thapar|2004|pp=119–120, 122}} usually within {{cvt|30|m}}.<ref name="Sunquist2010" /> If the prey spots it before then, the cat does not pursue further.{{sfn|Schaller|1967|p=288}} A tiger can sprint {{cvt|56|km/h|mph}} and leap {{cvt|10|m}};{{sfn|Schaller|1967|p=287}}{{sfn|Thapar|2004|p=23}} it is not a long-distance runner and gives up a chase if prey outpaces it over a certain distance.{{sfn|Schaller|1967|p=288}} [[Íomhá:Tiger's_killing_wild_boar.jpg|alt=Two tigers attacking a boar|deas|mion|Dhá thíogar Bheangál ag ionsaí [[torc allta]] in [[Anaclann Tíogair Kanha]]]] The tiger attacks from behind or at the sides and tries to knock the target off balance. It latches onto prey with its forelimbs, twisting and turning during the struggle and tries to pull it to the ground. The tiger generally applies a [[Throat clamp|bite to the throat]] until its victim dies of [[strangulation]].<ref name="Mazak1981" />{{sfn|Thapar|2004|p=121}}{{sfn|Schaller|1967|p=295}}{{sfn|Mills|2004|p=24}} It has an average bite force at the canine tips of 1234.3 [[Newton (unit)|newtons]].<ref>{{cite journal|author=Christiansen, P.|year=2007|title=Canine morphology in the larger Felidae: implications for feeding ecology|journal=Biological Journal of the Linnean Society|volume=91|issue=4|pages=573–592|doi=10.1111/j.1095-8312.2007.00819.x|doi-access=free}}</ref> Holding onto the throat puts the cat out of reach of horns, antlers, tusks and hooves.{{sfn|Thapar|2004|p=121}}{{sfn|Schaller|1967|pp=295–296}} Tigers are adaptable killers and may use other methods, including ripping the throat or breaking the neck. Large prey may be disabled by a bite to the back of the [[Hock (anatomy)|hock]], severing the tendon. Swipes from the large paws are capable of stunning or breaking the skull of a [[water buffalo]].{{sfn|Thapar|2004|p=126}} They kill small prey with a bite to the back of the neck or head.{{sfn|Schaller|1967|p=289}}<ref name="Sunquist2010" /> Estimates of the [[Hunting success|success rate]] for hunting tigers range from a low of 5% to a high of 50%. They are sometimes killed or injured by large or dangerous prey like gaur, buffalo and boar.<ref name="Sunquist2010" /> Tigers typically move kills to a private, usually vegetated spot no further than {{cvt|183|m}}, though they have been recorded dragging them {{cvt|549|m}}. They are strong enough to drag the carcass of a fully grown buffalo for some distance. They rest for a while before eating and can consume as much as {{cvt|50|kg}} of meat in one session, but feed on a carcass for several days, leaving little for scavengers.{{sfn|Schaller|1967|pp=297–300}} === Iomaitheoirí === [[Íomhá:Tigerdholes.jpg|alt=Painting of dhole pack attacking a tiger|mion|Léaráid ón bhliain 1807 de [[Madra fiáin Áiseach|madraí fiáine Áiseacha]] ag ionsaí tíogair]] In much of their range, tigers share habitat with leopards and [[Dhole|dholes]]. They typically dominate both of them, though with dholes it depends on their pack size. Interactions between the three predators involve chasing, [[Kleptoparasitism|stealing kills]] and direct killing.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Srivathsa|first1=A.|last2=Ramachandran|first2=V.|last3=Saravanan|first3=P.|last4=Sureshbabu|first4=A.|last5=Ganguly|first5=D.|last6=Ramakrishnan|first6=U.|year=2023|title=Topcats and underdogs: intraguild interactions among three apex carnivores across Asia's forestscapes|journal=Biological Reviews|volume=98|issue=6|pages=2114–2135|doi=10.1111/brv.12998|pmid=37449566|s2cid=259903849|name-list-style=amp}}</ref> Large dhole packs may kill tigers.{{sfn|Thapar|2004|p=136}} Tigers, leopards and dholes coexist by hunting different sized prey.<ref name="Karanth">{{cite journal|last=Karanth|first=K. U.|author2=Sunquist, M. E.|name-list-style=amp|year=2000|title=Behavioural correlates of predation by tiger (''Panthera tigris''), leopard (''Panthera pardus'') and dhole (''Cuon alpinus'') in Nagarahole, India|journal=Journal of Zoology|volume=250|pages=255–265|doi=10.1111/j.1469-7998.2000.tb01076.x|issue=2}}</ref> In [[Nagarhole National Park]], the average weight for tiger kills was found to be {{cvt|91.5|kg}}, compared to {{cvt|37.6|kg}} for leopards and {{cvt|43.4|kg}} for dholes.<ref name="KaranthSunquist1995">{{cite journal|author1=Karanth, K. U.|author2=Sunquist, M. E.|name-list-style=amp|title=Prey selection by tiger, leopard and dhole in tropical forests|jstor=5647|doi=10.2307/5647|journal=Journal of Animal Ecology|volume=64|issue=4|year=1995|pages=439–450|bibcode=1995JAnEc..64..439K}}</ref> In [[Kui Buri National Park]], following a reduction in prey numbers, tigers continued to kill favoured prey while leopards and dholes increased their consumption of small prey.<ref name="Steinmetz_al2021" /> Both leopards and dholes can live successfully in tiger habitat when there is abundant food and vegetation cover.<ref name="Karanth" /><ref>{{cite journal|author1=Odden, M.|name-list-style=amp|author2=Wegge, P.|author3=Fredriksen, T.|year=2010|title=Do tigers displace leopards? If so, why?|journal=Ecological Research|volume=25|issue=4|pages=875–881|doi=10.1007/s11284-010-0723-1|bibcode=2010EcoR...25..875O}}</ref> Otherwise, they appear to be less common where tigers are numerous. The recovery of the tiger population in [[Rajaji National Park]] during the 2000s led to a reduction in leopard population densities.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Harihar|first1=A.|last2=Pandav|first2=B.|last3=Goyal|first3=S. P.|year=2011|title=Responses of leopard ''Panthera pardus'' to the recovery of a tiger ''Panthera tigris'' population|journal=Journal of Applied Ecology|volume=48|issue=3|pages=806–814|doi=10.1111/j.1365-2664.2011.01981.x|doi-access=free|bibcode=2011JApEc..48..806H|name-list-style=amp}}</ref> Similarly, at two sites in central India the size of dhole packs was negatively correlated with tiger densities.<ref>{{cite journal|author1=Habib, B.|name-list-style=amp|author2=Nigam P.|author3=Ghaskadbi P.|author4=Bhandari A.|year=2021|title=Dhole pack size variation: Assessing the effect of prey availability and apex predator|journal=Ecology and Evolution|volume=11|issue=9|pages=4774–4785|doi=10.1002/ece3.7380|pmid=33976847|pmc=8093734|bibcode=2021EcoEv..11.4774B}}</ref> Leopard and dhole distribution in Kui Buri correlated with both prey access and tiger scarcity.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Steinmetz|first1=R.|last2=Seuaturien|first2=N.|last3=Chutipong|first3=W.|name-list-style=amp|year=2013|title=Tigers, leopards, and dholes in a half-empty forest: Assessing species interactions in a guild of threatened carnivores|journal=Biological Conservation|volume=163|pages=68–78|doi=10.1016/j.biocon.2012.12.016|bibcode=2013BCons.163...68S}}</ref> In [[Jigme Dorji National Park]], tigers were found to inhabit the deeper parts of forests while the smaller predators were pushed closer to the fringes.<ref>{{cite journal|author=Thinley, P.|author2=Rajaratnam, R.|author3=Lassoie, J. P.|author4=Morreale, S. J.|author5=Curtis, P. D.|author6=Vernes, K.|author7=Leki Leki|author8=Phuntsho, S.|author9=Dorji, T.|author10=Dorji, P.|name-list-style=amp|year=2018|title=The ecological benefit of tigers (''Panthera tigris'') to farmers in reducing crop and livestock losses in the eastern Himalayas: Implications for conservation of large apex predators|journal=Biological Conservation|volume=219|pages=119–125|doi=10.1016/j.biocon.2018.01.015|doi-access=free|bibcode=2018BCons.219..119T}}</ref> === Atáirgeadh agus saolré === {{Redirect|Tiger cub|other uses|Tiger Cub (disambiguation){{!}}Tiger Cub}} [[Íomhá:Tigeress_with_cubs_in_Kanha_Tiger_reserve.jpg|alt=Tiger with cubs|mion|Clann tíogair Bheangál in Anaclann Tíogair Kanha]] The tiger generally [[Mating|mates]] all year round, particularly between November and April. A tigress is in oestrus for three to six days at a time, separated by three to nine week intervals.<ref name="Mazak1981" /> A resident male mates with all the females within his home range, who signal their receptiveness by roaring and marking.{{sfn|Mills|2004|p=42}}{{sfn|Thapar|2004|p=145}} Younger, transient males are also attracted, leading to a fight in which the more dominant, resident male drives the usurper off.<ref name="Sankhala">{{cite journal|last1=Sankhala|first1=K. S.|year=1967|title=Breeding behaviour of the tiger ''Panthera tigris'' in Rajasthan|journal=International Zoo Yearbook|volume=7|issue=1|pages=133–147|doi=10.1111/j.1748-1090.1967.tb00354.x}}</ref>{{sfn|Mills|2004|p=42}} During courtship, the male is cautious with the female until she shows readiness to mate by positioning herself in [[Lordosis behavior|lordosis]] with her tail to the side. [[Copulation (zoology)|Copulation]] typically lasts no more than 20 seconds, with the male biting the female by the scruff of her neck. After it is finished, the male quickly pulls away as the female may turn and slap him.{{sfn|Mills|2004|p=42}} Tiger pairs may stay together for up to four days and mate multiple times.{{sfn|Thapar|2004|p=148}} [[Gestation]] lasts around or over three months.<ref name="Mazak1981" /> A tigress gives birth in a secluded location, be it in dense vegetation, in a cave or under a rocky shelter.{{sfn|Thapar|2004|p=45}} [[Litter (zoology)|Litters]] consist of as many as seven cubs, but two or three are more typical.<ref name="Sankhala" />{{sfn|Thapar|2004|p=45}} Newborn cubs weigh {{cvt|785|–|1610|g}} and are blind and underdeveloped ([[Precociality and altriciality|altricial]]).{{sfn|Thapar|2004|p=45}} The mother licks and cleans her cubs, suckles them and viciously defends them from any potential threat.<ref name="Sankhala" /> Cubs open their eyes at the age of three to 14 days and their vision becomes clear after a few more weeks.{{sfn|Thapar|2004|p=45}} They can leave the denning site after two months and around the same time they start eating meat.<ref name="Sankhala" />{{sfn|Mills|2004|pp=50–51}} The mother only leaves them alone to hunt and even then she does not travel far.{{sfn|Mills|2004|p=50}} When she suspects an area is no longer safe, she moves her cubs to a new spot, transporting them one by one by grabbing them by the scruff of the neck with her mouth.{{sfn|Thapar|2004|p=51}} A tigress in Sikhote-Alin Biosphere Reserve maximised the time spent with her cubs by reducing her home range, killing larger prey and returning to her den more rapidly than without cubs; when the cubs started to eat meat, she took them to kill sites, thereby optimising their protection and access to food.<ref>{{cite journal|author1=Petrunenko, Y. K.|name-list-style=amp|author2=Seryodkin, I. V.|author3=Bragina, E. V.|author4=Soutyrina, S. S.|author5=Mukhacheva, A. S.|author6=Rybin, N. N.|author7=Miquelle, D. G.|year=2019|title=How does a tigress balance the opposing constraints of raising cubs?|journal=Mammal Research|volume=65|issue=2|pages=245–253|doi=10.1007/s13364-019-00466-x}}</ref> In the same reserve, one of 21 cubs died in over eight years of monitoring and mortality did not differ between male and female juveniles.<ref>{{cite journal|author1=Robinson, H. S.|name-list-style=amp|author2=Goodrich, J. M.|author3=Miquelle, D. G.|author4=Miller, C. S.|author5=Seryodkin, I. V.|year=2015|title=Mortality of Amur tigers: The more things change, the more they stay the same|journal=Integrative Zoology|volume=10|issue=4|pages=344–353|doi=10.1111/1749-4877.12147|pmid=26096683}}</ref> Tiger monitoring over six years in [[Ranthambore Tiger Reserve]] indicated an average annual survival rate of around 85 percent for 74 male and female cubs; survival rate increased to 97 percent for both males and female juveniles of one to two years of age.<ref name="Sadhu2017">{{cite journal|author1=Sadhu, A.|name-list-style=amp|author2=Jayam, P. P. C.|author3=Qureshi, Q.|author4=Shekhawat, R. S.|author5=Sharma, S.|author6=Jhala, Y. V.|year=2017|title=Demography of a small, isolated tiger (''Panthera tigris tigris'') population in a semi-arid region of western India|journal=BMC Zoology|volume=2|article-number=16|doi=10.1186/s40850-017-0025-y|doi-access=free}}</ref> Causes of cub mortality include predators, floods, fires, death of the mother and fatal injuries.{{sfn|Thapar|2004|p=51}}{{sfn|Mills|2004|p=51}}<ref name="Barlow2009">{{cite journal|author1=Barlow, A. C. D.|name-list-style=amp|author2=McDougal, C.|author3=Smith, J. L. D.|author4=Gurung, B.|author5=Bhatta, S. R.|author6=Kumal, S.|author7=Mahato, B.|author8=Taman, D. B.|year=2009|title=Temporal variation in Tiger (''Panthera tigris'') populations and its implications for monitoring|journal=Journal of Mammalogy|volume=90|issue=2|pages=472–478|doi=10.1644/07-MAMM-A-415.1|bibcode=2009JMamm..90..472B|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref name="Sadhu2017" /> [[Íomhá:Panthera_tigris_altaica_13_-_Buffalo_Zoo.jpg|alt=Tigress with cub in snow|mion|Bantíogar Amúrach lena coileán i [[Zú Buffalo]]]] After around two months, the cubs are able to follow their mother. They still hide in vegetation when she goes hunting. Young bond through play fighting and practice stalking. A hierarchy develops in the litter, with the biggest cub, often a male, being the most dominant and the first to eat its fill at a kill.{{sfn|Mills|2004|pp=61, 66–67}} Around the age of six months, cubs are fully weaned and have more freedom to explore their environment. Between eight and ten months, they accompany their mother on hunts.{{sfn|Thapar|2004|p=63}} A cub can make a kill as early as 11 months and reach independence as a juvenile of 18 to 24 months of age; males become independent earlier than females.{{sfn|Schaller|1967|pp=270, 276}}<ref name="Sadhu2017" /> Radio-collared tigers in Chitwan started leaving their natal areas at the age of 19 months.<ref name="Smith1993" /> Young females are [[Sexual maturity|sexually mature]] at three to four years, whereas males are at four to five years.<ref name="Mazak1981" /> [[Generation time|Generation length]] of the tiger is about 7–10 years.<ref>{{cite journal|title=Generation length for mammals|author=Pacifici, M.|author2=Santini, L.|author3=Di Marco, M.|author4=Baisero, D.|author5=Francucci, L.|author6=Grottolo Marasini, G.|author7=Visconti, P.|author8=Rondinini, C.|journal=Nature Conservation|year=2013|volume=5|issue=5|pages=87–94|doi=10.3897/natureconservation.5.5734|doi-access=free|name-list-style=amp}}</ref> Wild Bengal tigers live 12–15 years.<ref>{{cite journal|author=Majumder, A.|year=2023|title=Survival strategy – Temporal segregation of different age and sex classes of a Bengal tiger (''Panthera tigris tigris'' Linnaeus) population in Pench Tiger Reserve, Madhya Pradesh India|journal=Journal of Animal Diversity|volume=5|issue=3|pages=43–54|doi=10.61186/JAD.2023.5.3.5|doi-access=free}}</ref> Data from the International Tiger [[Studbook]] 1938–2018 indicate that captive tigers lived up to 19 years.<ref>{{cite journal|author1=Tidière, M.|name-list-style=amp|author2=Müller, P.|author3=Sliwa, A.|author4=Siberchicot, A.|author5=Douay, G.|year=2021|title=Sex-specific actuarial and reproductive senescence in zoo-housed tiger (''Panthera tigris''): The importance of sub-species for conservation|journal=Zoo Biology|volume=40|issue=4|pages=320–329|doi=10.1002/zoo.21610|pmid=33861886|url=https://findresearcher.sdu.dk/ws/files/182491417/zoo.21610.pdf}}</ref> The father does not play a role in raising the young, but he encounters and interacts with them. The resident male appears to visit the female–cub families within his home range. They socialise and even share kills.{{sfn|Mills|2004|pp=59, 89}}{{sfn|Thapar|2004|pp=55–56}} One male was recorded looking after cubs whose mother had died.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-south-asia-13598386|work=BBC News|author=Pandey, G.|date=2011|title=India male tiger plays doting dad to orphaned cubs|access-date=14 February 2024|archive-date=8 April 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240408231242/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-south-asia-13598386|url-status=live}}</ref> By defending his home range, the male protects the females and cubs from other males.{{sfn|Mills|2004|p=59}} When a new male takes over, dependent cubs are at risk of [[Infanticide (zoology)|infanticide]] as the male attempts to sire his own young with the females.{{sfn|Thapar|2004|p=66}} A seven-year long study in Chitwan National Park revealed that 12 of 56 detected cubs and juveniles were killed by new males taking over home ranges.<ref name="Barlow2009" /> === Sláinte agus galair === Tá taifid ann de thíogair mar óstaigh sheadáin éagsúla amhail péisteanna ribíneacha cosúil le ''[[Diphyllobothrium]] erinacei'', ''[[Taenia pisiformis]]'' san India agus speicis ''[[Toxocara]]'' san India agus speicis ''[[Physaloptera]] preputialis'', ''[[Dirofilaria]] ursi'' agus ''Uiteinarta'' sa tSibéir.<ref name=":8" /> Tá sé ar eolas go mbíonn [[conslaod]] le fáil i dtíogair Amúracha.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Canine Distemper Virus: an Emerging Disease in Wild Endangered Amur Tigers ( Panthera tigris altaica )|url=https://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/mBio.00410-13|journal=mBio|date=2013|issn=2161-2129|pmc=3747579|pmid=23943758|volume=4|issue=4|doi=10.1128/mBio.00410-13|language=en|author=Seimon, T. A.; Miquelle, D. G.; Chang, T. Y.; Newton, A. L.; Korotkova, I.; Ivanchuk, G.; Lyubchenko, E.; Tupikov, A.; Slabe, E. & McAloose, D.}}</ref> Ionfhabhtú morbillivíris is é is dóichí a bheith mar chúis báis bantíogair i gCianoirthear na Rúise a raibh tástáil dhearfach ar an [[Painleocaipéine fhéilíneach|phainleocaipéine fhéilíneach]] agus an [[Coróinvíreas féilíneach|choróinvíreas fhéilíneach]] aici.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Morbillivirus Infection in a Wild Siberian Tiger in the Russian Far East|url=https://meridian.allenpress.com/jwd/article/46/4/1252/121390/Morbillivirus-Infection-in-a-Wild-Siberian-Tiger|journal=Journal of Wildlife Diseases|date=2010|issn=0090-3558|pages=1252–1256|volume=46|issue=4|doi=10.7589/0090-3558-46.4.1252|language=en|author=Quigley, K. S.; Evermann, J. F.; Leathers, C. W.; Armstrong, D. L.; Goodrich, J.; Duncan, N. M. & Miquelle, D. G.}}</ref> Léirigh samplaí fola ó 11 tíogair fhásta sa Neipeal [[antasubstaintí]] le haghaidh [[Conpharvaivíreas|conpharvaivíris]]-2, [[Heirpéasvíreas féilíneach|heirpéasvíris fhéilínigh]], córóinvíris féilínigh, [[Leiptispioróis|leiptispioróise]] agus ''[[Toxoplasma gondii]]''.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Serologic Survey of Selected Pathogens in Free-Ranging Bengal Tigers (Panthera tigris tigris) in Nepal|url=https://meridian.allenpress.com/jwd/article/57/2/393/451344/Serologic-Survey-of-Selected-Pathogens-in-Free|journal=Journal of Wildlife Diseases|date=2021|issn=0090-3558|volume=57|issue=2|doi=10.7589/JWD-D-20-00046|author=McCauley, D.; Stout, V.; Gairhe, K. P.; Sadaula, A.; Dubovi, E.; Subedi, S. & Kaufman, G. E.}}</ref> == Bagairtí == == Caomhnú == {{Main|Caomhnú an Tíogair}} ''Tuilleadh Eolais: [[Tíogar na 21ú hAoise]]'' {| class="wikitable sortable floatright" |+ Pobal domhanda na dtíogar fiáin !Tír !Bliain !Meastachán |- | {{flagicon|India}} [[An India]]|| 2022 || align="right" |3,167–3,682<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|author=Qureshi, Q.; Jhala, Y. V.; Yadav, S. P. & Mallick, A.|date=2023|url=https://wii.gov.in/images//images/documents/publications/statu_tiger_copredators-2022.pdf|title=Status of tigers, co-predators and prey in India 2022 (PDF)|publisher=National Tiger Conservation Authority & Wildlife Institute of India|location=Deilí Nua, Dehradun}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240505145403/https://wii.gov.in/images//images/documents/publications/statu_tiger_copredators-2022.pdf |date=2024-05-05 }}</ref> |- | {{flagicon|Russia}} [[An Rúis]]|| 2022 || align="right" |573–600<ref name=":5">{{Lua idirlín|teideal=Global Tiger Recovery Program 2.0 (2023-34)|url=https://globaltigerforum.org/global-tiger-recovery-program-2-0-2023-34/|dátarochtana=01-12-2025|language=en-US|foilsitheoir=Global Tiger Forum}}</ref> |- | {{Bratach|Indonesia}} [[An Indinéis]]|| 2022 || align="right" |393<ref name=":5" /> |- | {{Bratach|Nepal}} [[Neipeal]]|| 2022 || align="right" |316–355<ref>{{cite book|year=2022|title=Status of Tigers and Prey in Nepal 2022|location=Kathmandu, Neipeal|publisher=Department of National Parks and Wildlife Conservation and Department of Forests and Soil Conservation. Ministry of Forests and Environment|url=https://dnpwc.gov.np/media/files/Status_of_Tigers_Ic2ylSC.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230408104009/https://dnpwc.gov.np/media/files/Status_of_Tigers_Ic2ylSC.pdf|author=DNPWC & DFSC}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230408104009/https://dnpwc.gov.np/media/files/Status_of_Tigers_Ic2ylSC.pdf |date=2023-04-08 }}</ref> |- | {{Bratach|Thailand}} [[An Téalainn]]|| 2022 || align="right" |148–189<ref name=":5" /> |- | {{Bratach|Malaysia}} [[An Mhalaeisia]]|| 2022 || align="right" |<150<ref name=":5" /> |- | {{Bratach|Bhutan}} [[An Bhútáin]]|| 2022 || align="right" |131<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|author=Department of Forests and Park Services|date=2023|title=National Tiger Survey 2021–22|publisher=Rialtas na Bútaine|location=Thimphu}}</ref> |- | {{Bratach|Bangladesh}} [[An Bhanglaidéis]]|| 2022|| align="right" |118–122<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|author=Begum, S.|date=30 Iúil 2024|title=Tiger population in Sundarban rises by 8-10pc in 2024|publisher=Daily Observer|url=https://www.observerbd.com/news.php?id=482816}}</ref> |- | {{Bratach|China}} [[An tSín]]|| 2022 || align="right"|>60<ref name=":5" /> |- | {{Bratach|Myanmar}} [[Maenmar]]|| 2022 || align="right" |28<ref name=":5" /> |- | '''Iomlán'''|| || align="right" |'''5,638–5,899''' |} Tá an chuma ar an scéal nach bhfuil ach 5000-7000 tíogar fágtha ar domhan. Meastar go bhfuil níos lú na 2500 tíogar fásta sa nádúr. Timpeall na bliana 1900 bhí 100,000 tíogar ann. Bhí naoi bhfospeiceas ann tráth. Ach tá tíogar Bhailí, an tíogar Iávach agus an tíogar Caispeach imithe in éag. Níl ach sé fhospeiceas ann anois, agus iad uile i mbaol: * An [[Tíogar Bheangál]]:<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Bengal tiger|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bengal_tiger|journal=Wikipedia|date=2024-12-11|language=en}}</ref> níos lú na 2000 fágtha * An [[Tíogar Ind-Síneach]]:<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Indochinese tiger|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indochinese_tiger|journal=Wikipedia|date=2024-09-12|language=en}}</ref> 1200-1800 * An [[Tíogar Malaech]]:<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Malayan tiger|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malayan_tiger|journal=Wikipedia|date=2024-12-28|language=en}}</ref> 600-800 * An [[Tíogar Sumatrach]]: 400-500 * An [[Tíogar Amúrach]] (sa [[An tSibéir|tSibéir]]): 400-550. Sna 1940idí ní raibh ach 40 tíogar Amúrach fágtha ach tá suas le 550 ann anois mar cuireadh stop leis an sealgaireacht. * [[Tíogar na Síne Theas]]:<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=South China tiger|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_China_tiger|journal=Wikipedia|date=2024-11-27|language=en}}</ref> díobhaí sa nádúr; 59 i zúnna Tá a ghnáthóg á chailliúint ag an tíogar. Tá an fuadach tíograch coitianta agus maraítear tíogair beagnach gach lá mar úsáidtear a bhfionnadh agus a gcoirp sa leigheas traidisiúnta. == Féach freisin == * An [[Tíogar Sumatrach]] agus an [[Tíogar Amúrach]] * [[An Tíogar Ceilteach]] == Tagairtí == {{Reflist}} == Leabharliosta == * {{Citation |last=Thapar |first=V. |title=Tiger: The Ultimate Guide |date=2004 |url=https://archive.org/details/tigerultimategui0000thap/mode/2up |place=Deilí Nua |publisher=CDS Books |isbn=1-59315-024-5}} * {{Citation |last=Green |first=S. |title=Tiger |date=2006 |issue=2 |place=Londain |publisher=Reaktion Books |isbn=978-1-86189-276-8}} * {{Citation |title=The Encyclopedia of Mammals |date=2001 |issue=2 |editor-last=MacDonald |editor-first=D. |place=Oxford |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-7607-1969-5}} * {{Citation |last=Tilson |first=R. |title=Tigers of the World: The Science, Politics and Conservation of Panthera tigris |date=2010 |issue=2 |place=Londain |publisher=Academic Press |isbn=978-0-08-094751-8 |last2=Nyhus |first2=P. J.}} * {{Citation |last=Mills |first=S. |title=Tiger |date=2004 |url=https://archive.org/details/tiger0000mill/mode/2up |archive-url= |place=Richmond Hill |publisher=Firefly Books |isbn=1-55297-949-0}} * {{Citation |last=Schaller |first=G. B. |title=The Deer and the Tiger: A Study of Wildlife in India |date=1967 |url=https://archive.org/details/deertigerstudyof0000scha/page/n419/mode/2up |place=Chicago |publisher=University of Chicago Press |isbn=0-226-73631-8}} * {{Citation |last=Seidensticker |first=J |title=Riding the Tiger: Tiger Conservation in Human-Dominated Landscapes |date=1999 |url=https://archive.org/details/ridingtigertiger00unse |place=Cambridge |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-64835-6 |last2=Christie |first2=S |last3=Jackson |first3=P}} * {{Citation |last=Sludskii |first=A. A. |title=Tiger Panthera tigris Linnaeus, 1758 |date=1992 |work=Mlekopitajuščie Sovetskogo Soiuza. Moskva: Vysšaia Škola [Mamaigh an Aontais Shóivéadaigh] |volume=II, Part 2. Carnivora (Hyaenas and Cats) |pages=95–202 |editor-last=Heptner |editor-first=V. G. |editor-last2=Sludskii |editor-first2=A. A. |url=https://archive.org/stream/mammalsofsov221992gept#page/94/mode/2up |place=Washington DC |publisher=Smithsonian Institution and the National Science Foundation |isbn=978-90-04-08876-4}} {{síol ainmhí}} [[Catagóir:Tíogair]] [[Catagóir:Cait]] 1owdul34qcciheobb0fmdgq3vrw5doj 1321723 1321705 2026-07-26T16:47:25Z An Sionnach Rua 29036 /* Scaradh sóisialta */ 1321723 wikitext text/x-wiki {{WD Bosca Sonraí Ainmhí Bheo}} [[File:A walk with the Tigress.webm|thumb|right|tíogar]] Is cat mór é an '''tíogar''' ('''''Panthera tigris''''')<ref name="Tearma">{{Cite web-en|url=https://www.tearma.ie/q/Panthera%20tigris/|title=“Panthera tigris” {{!}} téarma.ie|publisher=[[An Coiste Téarmaíochta]]|work=[[Téarma.ie]]: An Bunachar Náisiúnta Téarmaíochta don Ghaeilge|access-date=2023-06-26}}</ref><ref name="Linn1758" /> ar ball é den ghéineas ''[[Panthera]]'' a thagann ón [[An Áise|Áise]] ó dhúchas. Tá corp láidir agus matánach aige a bhfuil ceann agus lapaí móra, eireaball fada agus fionnadh flannbhuí le stríoca dubha atá ceartingearach don chuid is mó air. Rangaítear in naoi [[Fospeiceas|bhfospeiceas]] [[Holaicéineach|reatha]] é go traidisiúnta cé nach n-aithníonn roinnt daoine agus eagraíochtaí ach an dá fhospeiceas, tíogair na mórthíre Áisí agus tíogair oileáin na [[Oileáin Sunda|nOileán Sunda]]. Cuireann an tíogar faoi i bhforaoisí den chuid is mó, idir [[Foraois leathanduilleach agus mheasctha mheasartha|foraoisí leathanduilleacha agus measctha measartha]] agus [[Cónaiféar|buaircíneach]] i [[Cianoirthear na Rúise|gCianoirthear na Rúise]] agus [[Oirthuaisceart na Síne]] agus [[Foraois leathanduilleach thais thrópaiceach agus fhothrópaiceach|foraoisí leathanduilleacha taise trópaiceacha agus fothrópaiceacha]] i [[Fo-ilchríoch na hIndia|bhfo-ilchríoch na hIndia]] agus in [[Oirdheisceart na hÁise]]. Is [[buaicchreachadóir]] é an tíogar a chreachann [[Crúbach|crúbaigh]] roimh a ndéanann sé luíochán go príomha. Caitheann sé saol atá aonarach go hiondúil agus bíonn [[raon baile]] a chosnaíonn sé roimh indibhidiúil den ghnéas chéanna aige. Forluíonn raon an fhireannaigh raoin go leor baineannach lena chúplálann sé. De ghnáth, beireann an baineannach idir dhá agus trí choileán a fhanann lena máthair ar feadh dhá bhliain. Nuair a bhíonn na coileáin neamhspleách, fágann siad raon baile a máthar agus bunaíonn siad a raon féin. Ó bhlianta luaithe na fichiú haoise, is in ísle a ndeachaigh raon baile na dtíogar agus ar a laghad 93% dá raon stairiúil caillte acu; tá siad [[Díothú áitiúil|díothaithe go háitiúil]] in [[Iarthar na hÁise|Iarthar]] agus i [[Lár na hÁise]] agus i gcodanna móra na [[An tSín|Síne]] chomh maith leis na hoileáin [[Iáva]] agus [[Bailí]]. Tá raon an tíogair scoilte go dona sa lá atá inniu ann. Liostaítear mar [[Speiceas i mbaol (Stádas AICD)|speiceas i mbaol]] é ar [[Liosta Dearg an AICD de Speicis i mBaol]] mar meastar gur laghdaigh a raon idir 53% go 68% ó bhí na 1990idí déanacha ann. Tá go leor bagairtí móra ag cur le stádas reatha na dtíogar idir [[Scriosadh gnáthóige|scriosadh]] agus [[Ilroinnt gnáthóige|ilroinnt a ngnáthóige]] mar gheall ar [[Dífhoraoisiú|dhífhoraoisiú]], [[póitseáil]] ar son a bhfionnaidh agus trádáil mhídhleathach a gcodanna coirp ar mhaithe le cúrsaí leighis. Is íospartaigh na [[An choinbhleacht daonna-fiadhúlra|coinbhleachta daonna-fiadhúlra]] iad na tíogair fosta mar ionsaíonn agus creachann siad an beostoc i gceantair nach bhfuil mórán creach nádúrtha le fáil iontu. Tá cosaint dhlíthiúil ag an tíogar in chuile thír laistigh dá raon. Cuimsíonn cuir chuige náisiúnta pleananna gníomhaíochta, [[patróil fhrith-phóitseála]] agus scéimeanna monatóireachta líon na dtíogar. Bunaíodh [[Conair fhiadhúlra|conairí fiadhúlra]] i gcuid mhaith de na tíortha laistigh dá raon agus tá athbhunú tíogar pleanáilte iontu.<ref name=":3">{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Panthera tigris|url=https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/15955/214862019|date=2021-12-15|doi=10.2305/iucn.uk.2022-1.rlts.t15955a214862019.en|language=en|author=Goodrich, J., Wibisono, H., Miquelle, D., Lynam, A.J., Sanderson, E., Chapman, S., Gray, T.N.E., Chanchani, P. & Harihar, A.|journal=The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species|publisher=IUCN}}</ref> Tá an tíogar ar cheann de na [[Mórfhána carasmatach|mórfhánaí carasmatacha]] is mó a bhfuil tóir air ar fud an domhain. Bhíodh an tíogar i ngéibheann ón chéad lá riamh agus traenáladh é chun seónna a chur ar fáil i [[Sorcas|sorcais]] agus cláracha siamsaíochta eile. Chonacthas an tíogar go forleathan i [[miotaseolaíocht]] agus i [[Béaloideas|mbéaloideas]] ársa na gcultúr fud fad a raon stairiúil agus [[Léirithe cultúrtha an tíogair|chonacthas fós i gcultúr]] ar fud an domhain é sa lá atá inniu ann. == Sanasaíocht == Síolraíonn an [[Seanbhéarla]] ''tigras'' ón [[Seanfhraincis|tSeanfhraincis]] ''tigre'', ón [[An Laidin|Laidin]] ''tigris'', ar iasacht é de ''tigris'' ([[An tSean-Ghréigis|Sean-Ghréigis]]: τίγρις).<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|author=Liddell, H. G. & Scott, R. (Sir Henry Stuart Jones, Roderick McKenzie eag.)|date=1940|url=https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3Dti%2Fgris|title="τίγρις".|journal=A Greek-English Lexicon|publisher=Clarendon Press|location=Oxford|accessdate=21 Feabhra 2021}}</ref> Ón aimsir ársa, meastar go síolraíonn an focal ''tigris'' ón fhocal [[An Airméinis|Arméiniseach]] nó [[An Pheirsis|Pheirsiseach]] ar 'saighead' ar féidir leis a bheith ina bhunús d'ainm abhainn na [[An Tígris|Tigrise]].<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|author=Varro, M. T.; Kent, R. G.|date=1938|url=https://archive.org/details/onlatinlanguage01varruoft/page/96/mode/2up|title="De lingua latina" [On the Latin Language]|journal="XX. Ferarum vocabula" [XX. The names of wild beasts]|pages=lgh. 94-97|publisher=W. Heinemann|location=Londain}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Naming the Tiger in the Early Modern World|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/26560471|journal=Renaissance Quarterly|date=2017|issn=0034-4338|pages=977–1006|volume=70|issue=3|author=David Thorley|doi=10.1086/693884. JSTOR 26560471}}</ref> Sa lá atá inniu ann, áfach, glactar leis gur comhainm atá iontu agus nach bhfuil gaol ar bith ann idir ainm an ainmhí agus na habhann.<ref name=":0" /> == Tacsanomaíocht == Rinne an luibheolaí Sulannach [[Carl von Linné]] an chéad chur síos eolaíoch ar an tíogar ina shaothar ''[[Systema Naturae]]'', áit a fuair sé an [[Ainmníocht dhéthéarmach|t-ainm déthéarmach]] ''Felis tigris'', mar ba ghnách ag an am an géineas ''Felis'' a úsáid le haghaidh na cait ar fad. Bunaítear an [[cur síos eolaíoch]] ar chuir síos a rinne nádúraithe níos luaithe amhail [[Conrad Gessner]] agus [[Ulisse Aldrovandi]].<ref name="Linn1758">{{luaigh foilseachán|author=Linnaeus, C.|year=1758|title=[https://archive.org/stream/mobot31753000798865#page/41/mode/2up "Felis tigris"] Caroli Linnæi Systema naturæ per regna tria naturæ, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis|volume=Tomus I|location=Holmiae|publisher=Laurentius Salvius|language=la|issue=decima, reformata|pages=lch. 41}}</ref> Is in 1929 a chuir [[Reginald Innes Pocock]] an speiceas sa ghéineas ''[[Panthera]]'' faoin ainm dhéthéarmach ''Panthera tigris''.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|author=Pocock, R. I.|date=1929|title=Tigers|journal=Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society|volume=33|issue=3|pages=lgh. 505–541|url=https://archive.org/details/journalofbomb33341929bomb/page/n133}}</ref><ref name=":2" /> === Fospeiceas === {{Anchor|Pobail}}Moladh naoi [[Fospeiceas|bhfospeiceas]] tíogar [[Holaicéineach|reatha]] idir luathbhlianta na 19ú hAois agus na 21ú hAois agus is iad sin an [[tíogar Bheangál]], [[Tíogar Malaech|Malaech]], [[Tíogar Ind-Síneach|Ind-Síneach]], [[Tíogar na Síne Theas|na Síne Theas]], [[Tíogar Amúrach|Amúrach]], [[Tíogar Caispeach|Caispeach]], [[Tíogar Iávach|Iávach]], [[Tíogar Bailí|Bailí]] agus [[Tíogar Sumatrach|Sumatrach]].<ref name="MSW3">{{Luaigh foilseachán|author=[[W. Chris Wozencraft|Wozencraft, W. C.]]|date=2005|title=Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference|issue=3|publisher=Johns Hopkins University Press ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0. OCLC 62265494.|pages=lch. 546|coauthors=[http://www.departments.bucknell.edu/biology/resources/msw3/browse.asp?id=14000259 "Species ''Panthera tigris''"] In [[Don E. Wilson|Wilson, D. E.]]; Reeder, D. M. (eag.)|url=http://www.google.com/books?id=JgAMbNSt8ikC&pg=PA546}}</ref><ref name=Wilting2015/> Ceistíodh [[Bailíocht ainmnithe (zó-eolaíocht)|bailíocht]] cuid mhaith de na fospeicis mar bhí sé de nós an tráth sin iad a idirdhealú bunaithe ar dhath agus fhaid an fhionnaidh, patrúin stríoca agus méid na n-eiseamlár i mbailiúcháin [[Iarsmalann stair an dúlra|iarsmalanna stair an dúlra]] ar féidir nach n-ionadaíonn siad an pobal ar fad. Moladh gur cheart dhá fhospeiceas bailí tíogar a aithint, is iad sin ''P. t. tigris'' ar mhórthír na hÁise agus an speiceas níos lú ''P. t. sondaica'' sna [[Na hOileáin Sunda Mór|hOileáin Sunda Mór]].<ref name="Kitchener1999">Kitchener, A. (1999). "Tiger distribution, phenotypic variation and conservation issues" in {{harvnb|Seidensticker|Christie|Jackson|1999|lgh=19–39|lua=ref=Seidensticker, J.; Christie, S.; Jackson, P.}}, lgh. 19-39</ref> D'athdhearbhaíodh an moladh dhá fhospeicis arís sa bhliain 2015 trí anailís chuimsitheach a dhéanamh ar thréithe moirfeolaíocha, éiceolaíocha agus ADN miteacoindreacha (mtADN) chuile fhospeiceas toimhdean tíogar.<ref name="Wilting2015">{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Planning tiger recovery: Understanding intraspecific variation for effective conservation|url=https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4640610/|journal=Science Advances|date=Mí an Mheithimh 2015|issn=2375-2548|pmc=4640610|pmid=26601191|pages=e1400175|volume=1|issue=5|doi=10.1126/sciadv.1400175|author=Wilting, A.; Courtiol, A.; Christiansen, P.; Niedballa, J.; Scharf, A. K.; Orlando, L.; Balkenhol, N.; Hofer, H.; Kramer-Schadt, S.; Fickel, J. & Kitchener, A. C.}}</ref> In 2017, d'athbhreithnigh Tascfhórsa Catrangaithe Ghrúpa Sainréimse Cat an AICD tacsanomaíocht ''felid'' de réir an mholta dhá fhospeicis 2015 agus níor aithníodh ach ''P. t. tigris'' agus ''P. t. sondaica'' amháin.<ref name="catsg">{{Luaigh foilseachán|author=Kitchener, A. C.; Breitenmoser-Würsten, C.; Eizirik, E.; Gentry, A.; Werdelin, L.; Wilting, A.; Yamaguchi, N.; Abramov, A. V.; Christiansen, P.; Driscoll, C.; Duckworth, J. W.; Johnson, W.; Luo, S.-J.; Meijaard, E.; O'Donoghue, P.; Sanderson, J.; Seymour, K.; Bruford, M.; Groves, C.; Hoffmann, M.; Nowell, K.; Timmons, Z. & Tobe, S.|date=2017|url=https://repository.si.edu/bitstream/handle/10088/32616/A_revised_Felidae_Taxonomy_CatNews.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y#page=66|title=A revised taxonomy of the Felidae: The final report of the Cat Classification Task Force of the IUCN Cat Specialist Group (PDF).|journal=Cat News (Special Issue 11)|pages=lgh. 66-68}}</ref> Léirigh torthaí staidéar seicheamhaithe géinte iomláin 2018 de 32 sampla ón sé fhospeiceas toimhdean beo—an tíogar Bheangál, Malaech, Ind-Síneach, na Síne Theas, Amúrach agus Sumatrach—gur [[Clád|cláid]] shoiléire faoi leith iad.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Genome-Wide Evolutionary Analysis of Natural History and Adaptation in the World’s Tigers|url=https://www.cell.com/current-biology/abstract/S0960-9822(18)31214-4|journal=Current Biology|date=2018|issn=0960-9822|pmid=30482605|pages=3840–3849.e6|volume=28|issue=23|doi=10.1016/j.cub.2018.09.019|language=English|author=Liu, Y.-C.; Sun, X.; Driscoll, C.; Miquelle, D. G.; Xu, X.; Martelli, P.; Uphyrkina, O.; Smith, J. L. D.; O'Brien, S. J. & Luo, S.-J.}}</ref> Chomhthacaíodh leis na torthaí arís in 2021 agus 2023.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Recent Evolutionary History of Tigers Highlights Contrasting Roles of Genetic Drift and Selection|url=https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8136513/|journal=Molecular Biology and Evolution|date=2021|issn=1537-1719|pmc=8136513|pmid=33592092|pages=2366–2379|volume=38|issue=6|doi=10.1093/molbev/msab032|author=Armstrong, E. E.; Khan, A.; Taylor, R. W.; Gouy, A.; Greenbaum, G.; Thiéry, A; Kang, J. T.; Redondo, S. A.; Prost, S.; Barsh, G.; Kaelin, C.; Phalke, S.; Chugani, A.; Gilbert, M.; Miquelle, D.; Zachariah, A.; Borthakur, U.; Reddy, A.; Louis, E.; Ryder, O. A.; Jhala, Y. V.; Petrov, D.; Excoffier, L.; Hadly, E. & Ramakrishnan, U.}}</ref><ref name="Wang2023">{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Population genomic analysis provides evidence of the past success and future potential of South China tiger captive conservation|url=https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10111772/|journal=BMC biology|date=2023|issn=1741-7007|pmc=10111772|pmid=37069598|pages=64|volume=21|issue=1|doi=10.1186/s12915-023-01552-y|author=Wang, C.; Wu, D. D.; Yuan, Y. H.; Yao, M. C.; Han, J. L.; Wu, Y. J.; Shan, F.; Li, W. P.; Zhai, J. Q.; Huang, M; Peng, S. H.; Cai, Q .H.; Yu, J. Y.; Liu, Q. X.; Lui, Z. Y.; Li, L. X.; Teng, M. S.; Huang, W.; Zhou, J. Y.; Zhang, C.; Chen, W. & Tu, X. L.}}</ref> Léirigh staidéar sa bhliain 2023 go bhfuil bailíocht ag an naoi bhfospeiceas reatha ar fad.<ref name=":1">{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Ancient DNA reveals genetic admixture in China during tiger evolution|url=https://www.nature.com/articles/s41559-023-02185-8|journal=Nature Ecology & Evolution|date=2023-11|issn=2397-334X|pages=1914–1929|volume=7|issue=11|doi=10.1038/s41559-023-02185-8|language=en|author=Sun, X.; Liu, Y.-C.; Tiunov, M. P.; Gimranov, D. O.; Zhuang, Y.; Han, Y.; Driscoll, C. A.; Driscoll, C. A.; Pang, Y.; Li, C.; Pan, Y; Velasco, M. S.; Gopalakrishnan, S.; Yang, R.-Z.; Li, B.-G.; Jin, K.; Xu, X.; Uphyrkina, O.; Huang, Y.; Wu, X.-H.; Gilbert, M. T. P.; O'Brien, S. J.; Yamaguchi, N. & Luo, S.-J.}}</ref> Deir an Grúpa Sainréimse Cat "Given the varied interpretations of data, the [subspecific] taxonomy of this species is currently under review by the IUCN SSC Cat Specialist Group." nó i nGaeilge "Mar gheall ar na léirmhínithe éagsúla ar an dáta, tá Grúpa Sainréimse Cat SSC an AICD ag déanamh athbhreithnithe ar thacsanomaíocht [fospeiceasach] an speicis seo".<ref>{{Lua idirlín|teideal=Tiger|url=http://www.catsg.org/index.php?id=124|work=www.catsg.org|dátarochtana=2025-11-27|language=|údar=CatSG|archivedate=2014-11-12|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141112171012/http://www.catsg.org/index.php?id=124}}</ref> Tá na táblaí thíos bunaithe ar [[Tacsanomaíocht (bitheolaíocht)|rangú]] an tíogair mar a bhí in 2005<ref name=MSW3/> agus tugann siad rangú 2017 an Tascfhórsa Catrangaithe le fios chomh maith.<ref name=catsg/>{{clear}} {| class="wikitable" |+ style="text-align: centre;" | ''Panthera tigris tigris'' {{small|(Linnaeus, 1758)}}<ref name=Linn1758/> ! Pobal !! Cur síos !! Íomhá |- style="vertical-align: top;" | [[Tíogar Bheangál]] {{small|ainm déthéarmach ''P. t. tigris'' (von Linné, 1758)}}<ref name="Linn1758" /> | | Cuireann an pobal seo faoi ar [[fo-ilchríoch na hIndia|fho-ilchríoch na hIndia]].<ref name="Jackson1996">{{Luaigh foilseachán|author=Nowell, K. & Jackson, P.|date=1996|url=https://portals.iucn.org/library/sites/library/files/documents/1996-008.pdf#page=80|title="Tiger, Panthera tigris (Linnaeus, 1758)" (PDF).|volume=|pages=lgh. 55-65|publisher=IUCN. ISBN 2-8317-0045-0|location=Gland, Switzerland|journal=Wild Cats: Status Survey and Conservation Action Plan}}</ref> Tá fionnadh níos giorra ar an tíogar Bheangál ná mar atá orthu níos faide ó thuaidh<ref name=":2">{{Luaigh foilseachán|author=Pocock, R. I.|date=1939|url=https://archive.org/stream/PocockMammalia1/pocock1#page/n247/mode/2up|title="Panthera tigris"|journal=The Fauna of British India, Including Ceylon and Burma. Vol. Mammalia|volume=Vol. 1|pages=lgh. 197–210|publisher=T. Taylor and Francis, Ltd|location=Londain}}</ref>, le dath idir [[ciarbhuí]] agus cróchdhearg air<ref name=":2" /><ref>{{cite report|title=Indian National Studbook of the Bengal Tiger (''Panthera tigris tigris'') |publisher=Central Zoo Authority, Wildlife Institute of India |date=2011 |url=https://cza.nic.in/uploads/documents/studbooks/english/Bengal%20Tiger%20Studbook%202011.pdf |last1=Srivastav|first1=A. |last2=Malviya |first2=M. |last3=Tyagi |first3=P. C.|last4=Nigam |first4=P. |name-list-style=amp |access-date=27 May 2024}}</ref> agus polláirí atá measartha fada agus caol.<ref name="Mazák2010"/> | |[[File:Adult male Royal Bengal tiger.jpg|frameless]] |- style="vertical-align: top;" | [[Extinction|†]] [[Tíogar Caispeach]] {{small|ainm déthéarmach ''P. t. virgata'' ([[Johann Karl Wilhelm Illiger|Illiger]], 1815)}}<ref name="Illiger">{{Luaigh foilseachán|author=Illiger, K.|date=1815|title=Überblick der Säugethiere nach ihrer Verteilung über die Welttheile|journal=Abhandlungen der Königlichen Preußischen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin 1804–1811|pages=lgh. 39-159|publisher=Realschul-Buchhandlung|location=Berlin|url=https://bibliothek.bbaw.de/digitalisierte-sammlungen/akademieschriften/ansicht-akademieschriften?tx_bbaw_academicpublicationshow%5Baction%5D=show&tx_bbaw_academicpublicationshow%5Bcontroller%5D=AcademicPublication%5CVolume&tx_bbaw_academicpublicationshow%5Bpage%5D=195&tx_bbaw_academicpublicationshow%5Bvolume%5D=85&cHash=f015ec3f9a13240a9559ebdcb88aafa4}}</ref> | |Bhíodh an pobal seo ag cur faoi ón Túirc go dtí an [[Muir Chaisp|Mhuir Chaisp]].<ref name=Jackson1996/> Bhí fionnadh geal meirgeach rua air le stríoca tanaí a bhí an-ghar dá gcéile<ref>{{Harvnb|Sludskii|1992}}, lch. 137.</ref> agus [[cnámh cúlphlaice]] leathan.<ref name=Kitchener1999/> Nocht anailís ghéiniteach gur garghaol leis an tíogar Amúrach a bhí ann.<ref name="Driscoll2009">{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Mitochondrial Phylogeography Illuminates the Origin of the Extinct Caspian Tiger and Its Relationship to the Amur Tiger|url=https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0004125|journal=PLOS ONE|date=14 Ean 2009|issn=1932-6203|pmc=2624500|pmid=19142238|pages=e4125|volume=4|issue=1|doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0004125|language=en|author=Driscoll, C. A.; Yamaguchi, N.; Bar-Gal, G. K.; Roca, A. L.; Luo, S.; MacDonald, D. W. & O'Brien, S. J.}}</ref> Tá pobal an tíogair seo díothaithe ó bhí na 1970idí ann.<ref name=Seidensticker1999/> | |[[File:Panthera tigris virgata.jpg|frameless]] |- style="vertical-align: top;" | [[Tíogar Amúrach]] {{small|ainm déthéarmach ''P. t. altaica'' ([[Coenraad Jacob Temminck|Temminck]], 1844)}}<ref name="Temminck">{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Aperçu général et spécifique sur les Mammifères qui habitent le Japon et les Iles qui en dépendent|url=https://archive.org/details/faunajaponicasi00sieb/page/43|publisher=Lugduni Batavorum : Apud Auctorem|date=1844|coauthors=In Siebold, P. F. v.; Temminck, C. J.; Schlegel, H. (eag.).; Museum of Comparative Zoology Harvard University|author=Siebold, P. F. v.; Haan, W. de.; Temminck, C. J.; Schlegel, H.|journal=Fauna japonica, sive, Descriptio animalium, quae in itinere per Japoniam, jussu et auspiciis, superiorum, qui summum in India Batava imperium tenent, suscepto, annis 1823-1830|location=Leiden}}</ref> | |Tá cónaí ar an phobal seo tíogar i [[Cianoirthear na Rúise|gCianoirthear na Rúise]], in [[Oirthuaisceart na Síne]] agus b'fhéidir sa [[An Chóiré Thuaidh|Chóiré Thuaidh]].<ref name=Jackson1996/> Tá gruaig fhada agus fionnadh tiubh ar an tíogar Amúrach.<ref name=Temminck/> Athraíonn a dhath talún ó [[ócar]]-buí sa gheimhreadh go dath atá níos rua agus níos beoga tar éis dó a fhionnadh a chur.<ref>{{Harvnb|Sludskii|1992}}, lch. 131.</ref> Tá an blaosc níos giorra agus níos leithne ná blaoscanna na dtíogar ó dheas.<ref name="Mazák2010">{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Craniometric variation in the tiger (Panthera tigris): Implications for patterns of diversity, taxonomy and conservation|url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1616504708000621|journal=Mammalian Biology|date=2010-01-01|issn=1616-5047|pages=45–68|volume=75|issue=1|doi=10.1016/j.mambio.2008.06.003|author=Ji H. Mazák}}</ref> | |[[File:P.t.altaica Tomak Male.jpg|frameless]] |- style="vertical-align: top;" | [[Tíogar na Síne Theas]] {{small|ainm déthéarmach ''P. t. amoyensis'' ([[Max Hilzheimer|Hilzheimer]], 1905)}}<ref name=Hilzheimer>{{cite journal |last=Hilzheimer |first=M. |date=1905 |title=Über einige Tigerschädel aus der Straßburger zoologischen Sammlung |journal=Zoologischer Anzeiger |volume=28 |pages=594–599 |url=https://archive.org/details/zoologischeranze28deut/page/596}}</ref> | |Bhí an tíogar seo le fáil ó dheas i lár na Síne.<ref name=Jackson1996/> Bhí blaoscanna ag an chúig [[Eiseamláir an chineáil|eiseamláir cineáil]] a raibh fiacla [[Fiacla carnasacha|carnasacha]] agus [[cúlfhiacail]] níos giorra acu ná tíogair ón India, cráiniam níos lú, [[logall súile]] a luigh níos gaire dá gcéile le [[Starr iar-logall súile|stairr iar-logall súile]] níos mó; bhíodh a chraicinn sách buí le stríoca a bhí cosúil le [[rombas]].<ref name=Hilzheimer/> Tá [[haplaitíopa]] mtADN faoi leith aige de bharr a phóraithe le seanghinealaigh tíogar.<ref name=catsg/><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":4">{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=An extinct and deeply divergent tiger lineage from northeastern China recognized through palaeogenomics|url=https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9326283/|journal=Proceedings. Biological Sciences|date=2022-07-27|issn=1471-2954|pmc=9326283|pmid=35892215|pages=20220617|volume=289|issue=1979|doi=10.1098/rspb.2022.0617|author=Jiaming Hu, Michael V. Westbury, Junxia Yuan, Chunxue Wang, Bo Xiao, Shungang Chen, Shiwen Song, Linying Wang, Haifeng Lin, Xulong Lai, Guilian Sheng}}</ref> Tá sé díothaithe san fhiántas mar nach bhfacthas go hoifigiúil ó bhí na 1970idí ann,<ref name=":3" /> agus ní mhaireann sé ach i ngéibheann anois.<ref name=Wang2023/> | |[[File:2012 Suedchinesischer Tiger.JPG|frameless]] |- style="vertical-align: top;" | [[Tíogar Ind-Síneach]] {{small|ainm déthéarmach ''P. t. corbetti'' ([[Vratislav Mazák|Mazák]], 1968)}}<ref name="Mazak1968">{{cite journal |last=Mazák|first=V.|date=1968|title=Nouvelle sous-espèce de tigre provenant de l'Asie du sud-est|journal=Mammalia|volume=32|issue=1|pages=104–112|doi=10.1515/mamm.1968.32.1.104}}</ref> | |Faightear pobal an tíogair seo ar an [[Leithinis Ind-Síneach]].<ref name=Jackson1996/> Tá cráiniam níos lú ná ceann an tíogair Bheangál ag eiseamláir an tíogair Ind-Sínigh agus is cosúil go bhfuil fionnadh níos dorcha le stríoca níos tanaí orthu.<ref name=Mazak1968/><ref name="mazak06">{{cite journal|last1=Mazák|first1=J. H.|last2=Groves|first2=C. P.|name-list-style=amp|date=2006|title=A taxonomic revision of the tigers (''Panthera tigris'') of Southeast Asia|journal=Mammalian Biology|volume=71|issue=5|pages=268–287|doi=10.1016/j.mambio.2006.02.007|bibcode=2006MamBi..71..268M|url=http://www.dl.edi-info.ir/A%20taxonomic%20revision%20of%20the%20tigers%20of%20Southeast%20Asia.pdf|access-date=15 January 2024|archive-date=31 May 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230531133543/http://www.dl.edi-info.ir/A%20taxonomic%20revision%20of%20the%20tigers%20of%20Southeast%20Asia.pdf|url-status=live|author=Mazák, J. H. & Groves, C. P.}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230531133543/http://www.dl.edi-info.ir/A%20taxonomic%20revision%20of%20the%20tigers%20of%20Southeast%20Asia.pdf |date=31 Bealtaine 2023 }}</ref> | |[[File:Panthera tigris corbetti (Tierpark Berlin) 832-714-(118).jpg|frameless]] |- style="vertical-align: top;" | [[Tíogar Malaech]] {{small|ainm déthéarmach ''P. t. jacksoni'' (Luo et al., 2004)}}<ref name="Luo04">{{cite journal |date=2004|title=Phylogeography and genetic ancestry of tigers (''Panthera tigris'')|journal=[[PLOS Biology]]|volume=2|issue=12|pmid=15583716|pmc=534810|doi=10.1371/journal.pbio.0020442|author=Luo, S.-J.; Kim, J.-H.; Johnson, W. E.; van der Walt, J.; Martenson, J.; Yuhki, N.; Miquelle, D. G.; Uphyrkina, O.; Goodrich, J. M.; Quigley, H. B.; Tilson, R.; Brady, G.; Martelli, P.; Subramaniam, V.; McDougal, C.; Hean, S.; Huang, S.-Q.; Pan, W.; Karanth, U. K.; Sunquist, M.; Smith, J. L. D. & O'Brien, S. J.|pages=e442}}</ref> | |Moladh an tíogar Malaech mar fhospeiceas faoi leith bunaithe ar dhifríocht idir a mtADN agus a mhionsheichimh satailíte agus iad an tíogair Ind-Sínigh.<ref name=Luo04/> Níl difríocht rómhór idir dath a fhionnaidh ná méid a bhlaoisc agus iad an tíogair Ind-Sínigh ach an oiread.<ref name=mazak06/> Níl aon teorainn shoiléir idir phobail tíogar i dtuaisceart na [[An Mhalaeis|Malaeise]] agus deisceart na [[An Téalainn|Téalainne]].<ref name=":3" /> | |[[File:2012-09-15 Tierpark Berlin 26 (cropped).jpg|frameless]] |} {| class="wikitable" |+ style="text-align: centre;" | ''Panthera tigris sondaica'' {{small|(Temminck, 1844)}}<ref name=catsg/> ! Pobal !! Cur síos !! Íomhá |- style="vertical-align: top;" | †[[Tíogar Iávach]] {{small|ainm déthéarmach ''P. t. sondaica'' (Temminck, 1944)}}<ref name=Temminck/> | |Rinneadh cur síos ar an tíogar seo bunaithe ar líon seithí anaithnid a raibh gruaig ghearr mhín orthu.<ref name=Temminck/> Bhí na tíogair de bhunadh [[Iáva]] measartha beag i gcomparáid le tíogair na mórthíre Áisí, bhí blaoscanna sách fada acu i gcomparáid leis an tíogar Shumatrach agus bhí stríoca níos faide, níos tanaí agus níos iomadúla acu.<ref name=mazak06/> Meastar go bhfuil pobal an tíogair Iávaigh díothaithe ó bhí na 1980idí ann. <ref name=Seidensticker1999/> | |[[File:COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM Een groep mannen en kinderen poseert bij een pas geschoten tijger te Malingping in Bantam West-Java TMnr 10006636.jpg|frameless]] |- style="vertical-align: top;" | †[[Tíogar Bailí]] {{small|ainm déthéarmach ''P. t. balica'' ([[Ernst Schwarz (zoologist)|Schwarz]], 1912)}}<ref name=Schwarz>{{cite journal |last=Schwarz |first=E. |date=1912 |title=Notes on Malay tigers, with description of a new form from Bali |journal=Annals and Magazine of Natural History |pages=324–326 |series=8 |volume=10 |issue=57 |doi=10.1080/00222931208693243 |url=https://archive.org/stream/annalsmagazineof8101912lond#page/324/mode/2up}}</ref> | | Bhíodh an tíogar seo le fáil ar [[Bailí|Bhailí]] agus bhí fionnadh níos gile air agus blaosc níos lú aige ná mar a bhí ag an tíogar Iávach.<ref name=Schwarz/><ref name="der-tiger">{{cite book |author=Mazak, V.|year=2004|title=''Der Tiger''|publisher=Westarp Wissenschaften Hohenwarsleben|location=Madgeburg|isbn=978-3-89432-759-0|language=de}}</ref> Gné tipicúil de bhlaoisc an tíogair Bhailí ná an cnámh cúlphlaice caol atá cosúil le blaosc an tíogar Iávach.<ref>{{cite journal |date=1978|title=Skin and Skull of the Bali Tiger, and a list of preserved specimens of ''Panthera tigris balica'' (Schwarz, 1912)|journal=[[Zeitschrift für Säugetierkunde]]|volume=43|issue=2|pages=108–113|author=Mazák, V.; Groves, C. P. & Van Bree, P.}}</ref> Tá an pobal seo díothaithe ó bhí na 1940idí ann.<ref name="Seidensticker1999">{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Riding the tiger : tiger conservation in human-dominated landscapes|url=http://archive.org/details/ridingtigertiger00unse|publisher=[London] : Zoological Society of London; Cambridge [England]; New York : Cambridge University Press|date=1999|coauthors=Better World Books|author=Seidensticker, J.; Christie, S. & Jackson, P.|pages=lgh. xv-xx}}</ref> | |[[File:Bali tiger zanveld.jpg|frameless]] |- style="vertical-align: top;" | [[Tíogar Sumatrach]] {{small|ainm déthéarmach ''P. t. sumatrae'' ([[Reginald Innes Pocock|Pocock]], 1929)}}<ref name=Pocock1929>{{cite journal |last=Pocock |first=R. I. |date=1929 |title=Tigers |journal=[[Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society]] |volume=33 |pages=505–541 |url=https://archive.org/details/journalofbomb33341929bomb/page/n185}}</ref> | Bhí fionnadh dorcha ar an chéad eiseamlár den tíogar seo arb as [[Sumatra]] dó.<ref name=Pocock1929/> Tá gruaig sách fada um aghaidh an tíogair Shumatraigh<ref name=Jackson1996/> agus tá stríoca tiubha coirp chomh maith le [[cnámh sróine]] níos leithne agus níos lú aige ná mar atá ag na tíogair oileáin eile.<ref name=mazak06/> | |[[File:Panthera tigris sumatrae (Sumatran Tiger) close-up.jpg|frameless]] |} === Éabhlóid === {{Cladogram|{{clade |label1=''[[Panthera]]'' |1={{clade |1={{clade |1=[[Liopard sneachta]] [[File:Schneeleoparden (Panthera uncia) Zoo Salzburg 2014 f white background.jpg|70px]] |2='''Tíogar''' [[File:Tigress in Bandhavgarh NP white background.jpg|70px]] }} |2={{clade |1=[[Iaguar]] [[File:Jaguar (Panthera onca palustris) male Three Brothers River white background.JPG|70px]] |label2=&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |2={{clade |1=[[Liopard]] [[File:Flickr - Rainbirder - Sassy Lassy white background.jpg|70px]] |2=[[Leon]] [[File:Panthera leo -Ngorongoro, Tanzania-8b white background.jpg|70px]] }} }} }} }}|align=right|caption=Fíligineacht an ghéinis ''Panthera'' bunaithe ar staidéar [[ADN núicléach]] ó 2016<ref name=Li_al2016>{{cite journal |date=2016 |title=Phylogenomic evidence for ancient hybridization in the genomes of living cats (Felidae) |journal=Genome Research |volume=26 |issue=1 |pages=1–11 |doi=10.1101/gr.186668.114 |pmid=26518481 |pmc=4691742|author=Li, G.; Davis, B. W.; Eizirik, E.; Murphy, W. J.}}</ref>}}Roinneann an tíogar an géineas ''Panthera'' leis an [[leon]], an [[liopard]], an [[iaguar]] agus an [[liopard sneachta]]. Léiríonn torthaí anailísí ginideacha gur [[comhspeiceas]] iad an tíogar agus an liopard sneachta agus gur scar a [[Ginealach|nginealaigh]] óna gcéile idir 2.70 agus 3.70 milliún bliain ó shin.<ref>{{cite journal |title=Supermatrix and species tree methods resolve phylogenetic relationships within the big cats, ''Panthera'' (Carnivora: Felidae)|url=https://archive.org/details/molecular-phylogenetics-and-evolution_2010-07_56_1/page/68|journal=Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution|year=2010|volume=56|issue=1|pages=64–76|pmid=20138224|doi=10.1016/j.ympev.2010.01.036|bibcode=2010MolPE..56...64D|author=Davis, B. W.; Li, G. & Murphy, W. J.}}</ref> Léiríonn seicheamhú géinte iomláin an tíogair [[Athsheicheamh|athsheichimh]] atá ar chomhthreomhar leo i ngéanóm na gcat eile.<ref>{{Cite journal |title=The tiger genome and comparative analysis with lion and snow leopard genomes|doi=10.1038/ncomms3433|pmid=24045858|pmc=3778509|journal=Nature Communications|volume=4|year=2013|bibcode=2013NatCo...4.2433C|author=Cho, Y. S.; Hu, L.; Hou, H.; Lee, H.; Xu, J.; Kwon, S.; Oh, S.; Kim, H. M.; Jho, S.; Kim, S.; Shin, Y. A.; Kim, B. C.; Kim, H.; Kim, C. U.; Luo, S. J.; Johnson, W. E.; Koepfli, K. P.; Schmidt-Küntzel, A.; Turner, J. A.; Marker, L.; Harper, C.; Miller, S. M.; Jacobs, W.; Bertola, L. D.; Kim, T. H.; Lee, S.; Zhou, Q.; Jung, H. J.; Xu, X. & Gadhvi, P.|pages=2443}}</ref> Rinneadh cur síos ar an speiceas iontaiseach ''[[Panthera palaeosinensis]]'' ón [[Pléisticéineach|Phléisticéineach]] luath i dtuaisceart na Síne mar shinsear féideartha tíogair nuair a aimsíodh é in 1924 ach creideann cláidistíocht an lae inniu go [[Bonnach (fíliginiteach)|bonnspeiceas]] é i gcomparáid le ''Panthera'' na linne seo.<ref name="Mazák">{{cite journal |year=2011|title=Oldest Known Pantherine Skull and Evolution of the Tiger|journal=PLOS ONE|volume=6|issue=10|doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0025483|pmid=22016768|bibcode=2011PLoSO...625483M|pmc=3189913|author=Mazák, J. H.; Christiansen, P. & Kitchener, A. C.|pages=25483}}</ref><ref name="Tseng">{{cite journal |date=2014|title=Himalayan fossils of the oldest known pantherine establish ancient origin of big cats|journal=Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences|volume=281|issue=1774|doi=10.1098/rspb.2013.2686|pmid=24225466|pmc=3843846|author=Tseng, Z. J.; Wang, X.; Slater, G. J.; Takeuchi, G. T.; Li, Q.; Liu, J. & Xie, G.}}</ref> Bhí ''[[Panthera zdanskyi]]'' ina chónaí ann thart ar an am agus an áit chéanna agus moladh gur comhspeiceas leis an tíogar reatha a bhí ann nuair a imscrúdaíodh é sa bhliain 2014.<ref name=Mazák/> Ó 2023 ar aghaidh, áfach, meastar gur comhchiallach é ''P. palaeosinensis'' de ''P. zdanskyi'' in dhá staidéar a rinneadh ina dhiaidh sin nuair a thug siad faoi deara go luíonn na difríochtaí atá aige ón speiceas sin laistigh de réimse na n-éagsúlachtaí indibhidiúla.<ref>{{cite journal |title=The identity of the "lion", ''Panthera principialis'' sp. nov., from the Pliocene Tanzanian site of Laetoli and its significance for molecular dating the pantherine phylogeny, with remarks on Panthera shawi (Broom, 1948), and a revision of Puma incurva (Ewer, 1956), the Early Pleistocene Swartkrans "leopard" (Carnivora, Felidae)|url=|journal=Palaeobiodiversity and Palaeoenvironments|year=2023|volume=103|issue=2|pages=465–487|doi=10.1007/s12549-022-00542-2|bibcode=2023PdPe..103..465H|author=Hemmer, Helmut}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|doi=10.1080/08912963.2022.2034808|title=Discovery of jaguar from northeastern China middle Pleistocene reveals an intercontinental dispersal event|date=2023|journal=Historical Biology|volume=35|issue=3|pages=293–302|bibcode=2023HBio...35..293J|author=Jiangzuo, Q.; Wang, Y.; Ge, J.; Liu, S.; Song, Y.; Jin, C.; Jiang, H. & Liu, J.}}</ref> Is iad blúirí géill a aimsíodh in [[Lantian County|Lantion]] na Síne an nochtadh is luaithe den tíogar reatha sa taifead iontaiseach a théann siar go dtí an Pléisticéineach luath.<ref name=Mazák/> Aimsíodh iontaisí tíogair ón Mheán- go dtí an Luathphléisticéineach fud fad na Síne, Iáva agus Sumatra. I measc na bhfospeiceas réamhstairiúil tá ''[[Panthera tigris trinilensis]]'' agus ''[[Panthera tigris soloensis|P. t. soloensis]]'' de bhunadh Iáva agus Sumatra agus ''[[Panthera tigris acutidens|P. t. acutidens]]'' de bhunadh na Síne; fuarthas iontaisí tíogair ón Phléisticéineach dhéanach agus ón [[An Sealad Holaicéineach|Luathholaicéineach]] i [[Boirneo|mBoirneo]] agus [[Palawan]] na [[Na hOileáin Fhilipíneacha|nOileán Filipíneach]].<ref name="Kitchener2009">Kitchener, A. & Yamaguchi, N. (2009). "What is a Tiger? Biogeography, Morphology, and Taxonomy" in {{harvnb|Tilson|Nyhus|2010|pp=|lgh=}}, lgh. 53–84</ref> Tuairiscítear go bhfuil samplaí den tíogar ón Phléisticéineach Mheán-dheánach a fuarthas sa [[An tSeapáin|tSeapáin]].<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=The Japanese Archipelago sheltered cave lions, not tigers, during the Late Pleistocene|url=https://pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.2523901123|journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences|date=2026-02-10|issn=0027-8424|pmc=12890994|pmid=41587328|volume=123|issue=6|doi=10.1073/pnas.2523901123|language=en|author=Xin Sun, Lanhui Peng, Takumi Tsutaya, Qigao Jiangzuo, Yoshikazu Hasegawa, Yuxin Hou, Yu Han, Yan Zhuang, Nuno Filipe Gomes Martins, Jazmin Ramos Madrigal, Alberto J. Taurozzi, Meaghan Mackie, Gaudry Trochė, Jesper V. Olsen, Enrico Cappellini, Stephen J. O’Brien, M. Thomas P. Gilbert, Nobuyuki Yamaguchi, Shu-Jin Luo}}</ref> Léiríonn torthaí staidéar [[fíleathíreolaíoch]] go bhfuil comhshinsear ag chuile speiceas tíogar beo a bhí beo idir 108,000 agus 72,000 bliain ó shin.<ref name="Luo04" /> Tugann staidéar géinte le fios gur chrap pobal an tíogair thart ar 115,000 bliain ó shin de bharr oighrithe. Síolraíonn pobal reatha na dtíogar ó [[Díseart|dhíseart]] a bhí san Ind-sín agus a leath ar fud na háise tar éis na [[An uasmhéid oighrithe deireanach|huasmhéide oighrithe deireanaí]]. De réir mar a chóilínigh siad oirthuaisceart na Síne, mheasc sinsir an tíogair Ind-sínigh le pobal iarmharach tíogar.<ref name=":4" /><ref name=":1" /> === Hibridí === ''Tuilleadh Eolais: [[Hibridí Feilideacha]] agus [[hibridí Panthera]]'' Is féidir le tíogair idirphórú le cait ''Panthera'' eile agus is amhlaidh atá déanta acu i ngéibheann. Is é an [[leogar]] toradh phóraithe an tíogair bhaininn agus an leoin fhirinn agus is é an [[tígleon]] toradh phóraithe an tíogair fhirinn agus an leoin bhaininn.<ref name="Gabryś">{{cite journal |year=|title=Interspecific hybrids of animals-in nature, breeding and science–a review|journal=Annals of Animal Science|volume=21|issue=2|pages=403–415|doi=10.2478/aoas-2020-0082|author=Gabryś, J.; Kij, B.; Kochan, J. & Bugno-Poniewierska, M.|date=2021|url=https://doi.org/10.2478%2Faoas-2020-0082}}</ref> Cuireann an t-athair leoin géin chur chun cinn an fháis ar aghaidh ach tá géin chomhfhreagrach srianta an fháis ón tíogar bhaineann in easnamh sa mhéad is go bhfásann leogair i bhfad níos mó ná ceachtar de speicis na dtuismitheoirí. Ní chuireann an tíogar fireann géin chur chun cinn an fháis ar aghaidh os a choinne sin cé go gcuireann an leon baineann géin srianta an fháis ar aghaidh; mar sin, bíonn tígleoin thart ar chomh mhéid lena dtuismitheoirí.<ref name="imprinting">{{Lua idirlín|teideal=Genomic Imprinting|url=https://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/epigenetics/imprinting/|dátarochtana=2025-12-01|language=en|foilsitheoir=Genetic Science Learning Center, Utah}}</ref> Toisc gur minic a fhorbraíonn siad éalanga ón bhroinn a mbaineann baol báis leo, glactar le pórú na hibridí mar nós neamheiticiúil.<ref name="Gabryś" /> == Cur síos == [[File:TigerSkelLyd1.png|thumb|left|Creatlach tíogair ó Royal Natural History Imleabhar 1 (1839)|alt=Drawing of tiger skeleton]] Tá morfeolaíocht fheilíneach thipiciúil ag an tíogar a bhfuil corp matánach, cosa giorraithe, géaga tosaigh láidre, lapaí tosaigh leathana, ceann mór agus eireaball atá thart ar leathfhad an choirp eile i bhfad aige.<ref name=":8">{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Panthera tigris|url=https://academic.oup.com/mspecies/article-lookup/doi/10.2307/3504004|journal=Mammalian Species|date=1981|pages=1-8|issue=152|doi=10.2307/3504004|author=Mazák, V.|bibcode=https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1981MamSp.152....1M|id=https://www.jstor.org/stable/3504004}}</ref>{{sfn|Sludskii|1992|p=98}} Tá cúig mhéar aige, [[drúchtchrobh]] ina measc sin, ar na cosa chun tosaigh agus ceithre cinn ar na cosa deiridh, a bhfuil crobha in-aistarraingthe atá fáiscthe agus cuartha ar féidir leo a bheith 10 cm i bhfad aige.<ref name=":8" />{{sfn|Thapar|2004|p=26}} Tá a chuid cluasa cruinn agus tá mac imrisc cruinn ar na súile.<ref name=":8" /> Críochnaíonn an smut i mbarr triantánach a bhfuil poncanna dubha beaga air dá mhéadaíonn a líon agus an tíogar ag dul in aois.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Combination of facial and nose features of Amur tigers to determine age|url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/1749-4877.12817|journal=Integrative Zoology|date=2025-01|issn=1749-4877|pages=186–198|volume=20|issue=1|doi=10.1111/1749-4877.12817|language=en|author=Caiping Zhao, Wenrui Dai, Qiang Liu, Dongqi Liu, Nathan James Roberts, Zhaoli Liu, Ming Gong, Hongkun Qiu, Changhai Liu, Dan Liu, Guangkai Ma, Guangshun Jiang}}</ref> Tá blaosc an tíogair scafánta le réigiún tosaigh teoranta le [[Logall súile|logaill súile]] éilipseacha atá beag go comhréireach, [[Cnámh sróine|cnámha sróine]] fada agus cráiniam fadaithe le [[moing saighdeach]] mór.{{sfn|Sludskii|1992|p=103}}<ref name=":8" /> Tá sé cosúil le blaosc an leoin ach tá difríocht ann idir an dá bhlaosc de bharr íochtar cuasach nó leacaithe an ghéill íochtair agus an tsrón atá níos faide.{{sfn|Sludskii|1992|p=103}}<ref name=":8" /> Tá thart ar 30 fiacail atá sách scafánta ag an tíogar agus tá a [[Starrfhiacail|starrfhiacla]] cuartha ar na cinn is faide i measc na gcat agus iad 6.4-7.6 cm (2.5-3.0 or).<ref name=":8" />{{sfn|Thapar|2004|p=25}} Tá fad cheann-choirp an tíogair idir 1.4-2.8 m (4 tr 7 or - 9 tr 2 or) le heireaball atá 0.6-1.1 m (2 tr 0 or - 3 tr 7 or) agus seasann sé 0.8-1.1 m (2 tr 7 or - 3 tr 7 or) ag an ghualainn.<ref name="Walker">{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Panthera tigris (tiger)|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=T37sFCl43E8C&pg=PA825|publisher=Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press|date=1999-07-29|language=en|author=Novak, R. M. & Walker, E. P|journal=Walker's Mammals of the World|issue=6|pages=825-828}}</ref> Is mó an tíogar Bheangál agus an tíogar Sumatrach de na speicis éagsúla.<ref name=":8" /> Meánn tíogair Bheangál fhireannacha idir 200-260 kg (440-570 lb), agus meánn na baineannaigh idir 100-160 kg (220-250 lb); is lú na tiogair oileánacha de na speicis éagsúla, is cosúil gur de bharr [[abhcacht oileánach]] atá sé.<ref name="Kitchener1999" /> Meánn tiogair Shumatracha fhireannacha idir 100-140 kg (220-310 lb) agus meánn na baineannaigh idir 75-110 kg (165-243 lb).<ref name=":9">Sunquist, M. (2010). "What is a Tiger? Ecology and Behaviour" in {{Harvnb|Tilson|Nyhus|2010|lgh=19/34}}, lgh. 19−34</ref> Meastar gurb é an tíogar an speiceas féilíneach beo is mó ar domhan; ach toisc go bhfuil difríocht mhór méide agus meáchain idir na pobail tíogar éagsúla, is féidir gur lú meánmheáchan an tíogair ná é an leoin, a fhad agus a bhíonn na tíogair is mo níos mó ná na leoin chosúla.<ref name="Kitchener2009" /> === Fionnadh === [[Íomhá:Tiger_Stripes_(29808869755).jpg|alt=Close up of a tiger's fur|mion|Fionnadh an tíogair Amúraigh ar a chliathán (taobh)]] Bíonn ribí gruaige gearra ar fhionnadh an tíogair de ghnáth, ar féidir a bheith chomh fada le 35 mm (1.4 or), ach is féidir le ribí gruaige an tíogair Amúraigh tuaisceart-chónaithigh fad de 105 mm (4.1 or) a shroicheadh. De ghnáth, is faide ribí gruaige an bhoilg ná iad na droma. Bíonn dlús a bhfionnaidh tanaí de ghnáth ach forbraíonn an tíogar Amúrach fionnadh geimhridh atá sách tiubh. Tá línte fionnaidh um aghaidh an tíogair agus guairí fada orthu, na fireannaigh ach go háirithe.<ref name=":8" /> Tá [[Dath ainmhithe|dath]] oráiste air a athraíonn ó scothbhuí go ruánach.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Tiger: the ultimate guide|publisher=CDS books in association with Two brothers press|date=2004|location=New York|author=Valmik Thapar|url=https://archive.org/details/tigerultimategui0000thap/mode/2up}}</ref> Clúdaíonn fionnadh bán an t-íochtar ó cheann go heireaball, thar dromchla istigh na gcos agus codanna den aghaidh.<ref name=":8" /><ref name=":6">{{Harvnb|Sludskii|1992|lgh=99-102}}, lgh. 99-102.</ref> Tá spota bán feiceálach ar chúl na gcluasa atá timpeallaithe le fionnadh dubh.<ref name=":8" /> Marcáiltear an tíogar le stríoca dubha nó dubhdhonna agus bíonn pátrún faoi leith ag chuile thíogar.<ref name=":8" /><ref name=":7">Miquelle, D. "Tiger" in {{Harvnb|MacDonald|2001}}, lgh. 18-21</ref> Bíonn na stríoca ingearach den chuid is mó ach amháin na cinn ar na géaga agus ar an chlár éadain a bhíonn cothrománach. Tá an chuid is mó díobh le feiceáil ar cúl agus is féidir leo ar an cholainn íochtar an bhoilg a shroicheadh. Go hiondúil, bíonn barr géar ar na stríoca agus is féidir leo scaradh óna chéile nó teacht le chéile arís eile. Is bandaí tiubha iad na stríoca eireabaill agus barrtar a dheireadh le dubh.<ref name=":6" /> Tá an tíogar ar cheann den bheagán speiceas cait a bhfuil stríoca orthu.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Why the leopard got its spots: relating pattern development to ecology in felids|url=https://royalsocietypublishing.org/rspb/article/278/1710/1373/73541/Why-the-leopard-got-its-spots-relating-pattern|journal=Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences|date=2011-05-07|issn=0962-8452|pmc=3061134|pmid=20961899|pages=1373–1380|volume=278|issue=1710|doi=10.1098/rspb.2010.1734|language=en|author=William L. Allen, Innes C. Cuthill, Nicholas E. Scott-Samuel, Roland Baddeley}}</ref> Tá stríoca ina mbuntáiste don [[Duaithníocht|nduaithníocht]] i bhfásra a bhfuil pátrúin ingearacha solais agus scátha iontu cosúil le crainnte, giolcaigh agus féir arda.<ref name=":7" /><ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=The Adaptive Significance of Coloration in Mammals|url=https://academic.oup.com/bioscience/article/55/2/125-136/221478|journal=BioScience|date=2005|issn=0006-3568|pages=125-136|volume=55|issue=2|doi=10.1641/0006-3568(2005)055[0125:TASOCI]2.0.CO;2|language=en|author=Tim Caro}}</ref> Tacaíonn staidéar [[anailís Fourier]] a léirigh go n-aontaíonn pátrúin stríoca na dtíogar lena dtimpeallacht leis an teoiric seo.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Zebra stripes and tiger stripes: the spatial frequency distribution of the pattern compared to that of the background is significant in display and crypsis|url=https://academic.oup.com/biolinnean/article-lookup/doi/10.1111/j.1095-8312.1987.tb00442.x|journal=Biological Journal of the Linnean Society|date=1987-12|pages=427–433|volume=32|issue=4|doi=10.1111/j.1095-8312.1987.tb00442.x|language=en|author=D. Godfrey, J. N. Lythgoe, D. A. Rumball}}</ref> Is féidir go gcabhraíonn a ndathú oráiste leo iad a cheilt fosta mar tá creach an tíogair [[Dathdhaille|dathdhall]], rud a chiallaíonn nach bhfeictear an tíogar ach mar rud glas eile laistigh den fhásra. <ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Optimizing colour for camouflage and visibility using deep learning: the effects of the environment and the observer's visual system|url=https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rsif.2019.0183|journal=Journal of The Royal Society Interface|date=2019-05|issn=1742-5689|pages=20190183|volume=16|issue=154|doi=10.1098/rsif.2019.0183|language=en|author=J. G. Fennell, L. Talas, R. J. Baddeley, I. C. Cuthill, N. E. Scott-Samuel}}</ref> ==== Éagsúlacht dhatha ==== [[Íomhá:White_tiger_Nandankanan.jpeg|alt=White tiger with thickened stripes lying down|mion|[[Tíogar bán]] bréag-mhéilineach]] Níl a leithéid de thrí [[Bithathraitheach datha|bhithathraitheach datha]] an tíogair Bheangál – sneachta-bhán an-neamhstríocach, bán agus órga – le fáil san fhiántas sa lá atá inniu ann mar gheall ar laghdú na bpobal fiáin tíogar ach faightear i bpobail i ngéibheann iad fós. Tá dath cúlra bán le stríoca [[séipia]]<nowiki/>dhonna ar an [[Tíogar bán|tíogar bhán]]. Tá dath bán-órga le stríoca ruadhonna ar an [[tíogar órga]]. Is morf le stríoca an-éadroma agus eireaball séipiadhonn-fháinneach é an tíogar sneachta-bhán. Is de thoradh [[tréith chúlaitheach uathshómach]] le [[Lócas (géinitic)|lócas]] bán agus lócas [[Géinitic fhionnaidh chait|leathanbhanda]] iad na morfaí bána agus órga faoi seach. Is de thoradh [[Polaigéin|polaigéinte]] le lócais bhána agus leathanbhanda é an bithathraitheach sneachta-bhán.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=The genetics of tiger pelage color variations|url=https://www.nature.com/articles/cr201732|journal=Cell Research|date=2017-07|issn=1001-0602|pmc=5518981|pmid=28281538|pages=954–957|volume=27|issue=7|doi=10.1038/cr.2017.32|language=en|author=Xiao Xu, Gui-Xin Dong, Anne Schmidt-Küntzel, Xue-Li Zhang, Yan Zhuang, Run Fang, Xin Sun, Xue-Song Hu, Tian-You Zhang, Han-Dong Yang, De-Lu Zhang, Laurie Marker, Zheng-Fan Jiang, Ruiqiang Li, Shu-Jin Luo}}</ref> Tá tógáil an tíogair bháin an-chonspóideach mar níl siad úsáideach ó thaobh an chaomhnaithe de. Níl na géinte don mhorf datha seo ach ag 0.001% de thíogair fhiáine agus is é an t-[[ionphórú]] is cúis le ró-ionadaíocht an tíogair bháin i ngéibheann. Mar sin, má leanann an t-ionphórú seo ar aghaidh, tá an baol ann gurb iad [[spealadh ionphóraithe]] agus caillteanas na [[Inathraitheacht géinte|hinathraitheachta géinte]] i dtíogair i ngéibheann an toradh a bheidh ann.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|author=Xavier, N.|date=2010|url=https://www.currentscience.ac.in/Volumes/99/07/0894.pdf|title=A new conservation policy needed for reintroduction of Bengal tiger-white|journal=Current Science|volume=99|issue=7|pages=894–895}}</ref> Tá taifid ann de thíogair bhréag-[[Méilineach|mhéilineacha]] le stríoca cónascaithe i [[Páirc Náisiúnta Simlipal|bPáirc Náisiúnta Simlipal]] agus i dtrí zú Indiacha; léirigh anailís [[Géineolaíocht phobail|géineolaíochta pobail]] de shamplaí tíogar Indiach go bhfaightear an [[Feinitíopa|féinitíopa]] seo mar thoradh ar [[Sóchán|shócháin]] ghéin [[aimínipeiptíodáis]] [[Próitéin thras-scannáin|thras-scannáin]]. Tá an gné seo ag 37% de phobal tíogair Shimlipal, rud a nasctar le [[leithlisiú géiniteach]].<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=High frequency of an otherwise rare phenotype in a small and isolated tiger population|url=https://pnas.org/doi/full/10.1073/pnas.2025273118|journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences|date=2021-09-28|issn=0027-8424|pmc=8488692|pmid=34518374|volume=118|issue=39|doi=10.1073/pnas.2025273118|language=en|author=Vinay Sagar, Christopher B. Kaelin, Meghana Natesh, P. Anuradha Reddy, Rajesh K. Mohapatra, Himanshu Chhattani, Prachi Thatte, Srinivas Vaidyanathan, Suvankar Biswas, Supriya Bhatt, Shashi Paul, Yadavendradev V. Jhala, Mayank M. Verma, Bivash Pandav, Samrat Mondol, Gregory S. Barsh, Debabrata Swain, Uma Ramakrishnan}}</ref> == Dáileadh agus gnáthóg == [[Íomhá:Tigress_Anna_Savelevna_01.jpg|alt=Picture of tiger in forest at night|mion|Gaiste ceamara de thíogar Amúrach sa Rúis]] Bhíodh cead a chosa ag an tíogar go stairiúil agus cónaí air ó oirthear na Tuirce, tuaisceart na hIaráine agus an Afganastáin go dtí an Áise Láir agus ón Phacastáin thuaidh trí [[Fo-ilchríoch na hIndia|fho-ilchríoch na hIndia]] agus an Ind-Sín go hoirdheisceart na Sibéire, Sumatra, Iáva agus Bailí.<ref name=":8" /> Faoin bhliain 2022, ní raibh sé le fáil ach laistigh de 7% dá limistéar dáilte stairiúil agus bhí raon briste aige i bhfo-ilchríoch na hIndia, [[An Ind-Sín|leithinis na hInd-Síne]], Sumatra, oirthuaisceart na Síne agus [[Cianoirthear na Rúise]].<ref name=":3" /> Faoin bhliain 2020, bhí an t-achar is mó den ghnáthóg tíogair dhomhanda ag an India le 300,508 km² (116,027 mi²) á leanúint ag an Rúis le 195,819 km² (75,606 mi²).<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Range-wide trends in tiger conservation landscapes, 2001 - 2020|url=https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcosc.2023.1191280/full|journal=Frontiers in Conservation Science|date=2023|issn=2673-611X|volume=4|doi=10.3389/fcosc.2023.1191280|author=Sanderson, E. W.; Miquelle, D. G.; Fisher, K.; Harihar, A.; Clark, C.; Moy, J.; Potapov, P.; Robinson, N.; Royte, L.; Sampson, D.; Sanderlin, J.; Yackulic, C. B.; Belecky, M.; Breitenmoser, U.; Breitenmoser-Würsten, C.; Chanchani, P.; Chapman, S.; Deomurari, A.; Duangchantrasiri, S.; Facchini, E.; Gray, T. N. E.; Goodrich, J.; Hunter, L.; Linkie, M.; Marthy, W.; Rasphone, A.; Roy, S.; Sittibal, D.; Tempa, T.; Umponjan, M. & Wood, K.}}</ref> Tá cónaí ar an tíogar i ngnáthóga foraoise den chuid is mó agus is ainmhí an-sholúbtha é.<ref name=":9" /> Léiríonn taifid ón Áise Láir gur chuir sé faoi i bhforaoisí abhann [[Tugay]] agus foraoisí cnoic agus ísilchríche sa [[Réigiún Chugais|Chugais]].<ref>{{Harvnb|Sludskii|1992}}, lgh.&#x20;108–112</ref> I réigiún [[Amur (abhainn)|Amur-Ussuri]] na Rúise agus na Síne, cuireann sé faoi i [[Péine Chóiréach|bpéine Chóiréach]] agus i [[Foraois leathanduilleach agus mheasctha mheasartha|bhforaoisí leathanduilleacha agus measctha measartha]]; feidhmíonn [[Foraois abhann|foraoisí abhann]] mar phasáistí [[Scaipeadh bitheolaíoch|scaipthe]] a chuireann bia agus uisce ar fáil do thíogair agus a gcreach mar aon.<ref>Miquelle, D. G.; Smirnov, E. N.; Merrill, T. W.; Myslenkov, A. E.; Quigley, H.; Hornocker, M. G. & Schleyer, B. (1999). "Hierarchical spatial analysis of Amur tiger relationships to habitat and prey" in {{Harvnb|Seidenstecker|Christie|Jackson|1999}}, lgh. 71-99</ref> Faightear i [[Foraois leathanduilleach thais thrópaiceach agus fhothrópaiceach|bhforaoisí leathanduilleacha taise trópaiceacha agus fo-thrópaiceacha]], foraoisí leathanduilleacha agus measctha measartha, [[Foraois shíorghlasa thais thrópaiceach|foraoisí síorghlasa taise trópaiceacha]], [[Foraois thirim thrópaiceach|foraoisí tirime trópaiceacha]], [[Má thuiltrí|mánna tuiltrí]] agus sna [[Foraois mhangróbh|foraoisí mangróbh]] sna [[Sundarbans]] é go príomhá ar fho-ilchríoch na hIndia.<ref>Wikramanayake, E. D.; Dinerstein, E.; Robinson, J. G.; Karanth, K. U.; Rabinowitz, A.; Olson, D.; Mathew, T.; Hedao, P.; Connor, M.; Hemley, G. & Bolze, D. (1999). "Where can tigers live in the future? A framework for identifying high-priority areas for the conservation of tigers in the wild" in {{harvnb|Seidensticker|Christie|Jackson|1999}}, lgh. 265-267</ref> In [[Oirthear na Himiléithe]], taifeadadh i [[Foraois mheasartha|bhforaoisí measartha]] sa [[An Bhútáin|Bhútáin]] é ar airde de 4,200 m (13,800 tr), agus in oirdheaisceart na [[An Tibéid|Tibéide]] sna [[Cnoic Mishmi]] ar airde de 3,630 m (11,910 tr) agus i [[Contae Mêdog|gContae Mêdog]] ar airde de 3,139 m (10,299 tr).<ref>Jigme, K. & Tharchen, L. (2012). "Camera-trap records of tigers at high altitudes in Bhutan". ''Cat News'' (56): 14–15.</ref><ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=First photographic record of tiger presence at higher elevations of the Mishmi Hills in the Eastern Himalayan Biodiversity Hotspot, Arunachal Pradesh, India|url=https://threatenedtaxa.org/index.php/JoTT/article/view/4381|journal=Journal of Threatened Taxa|date=2018|issn=0974-7907|pages=12833–12836|volume=10|issue=13|doi=10.11609/jott.4381.10.13.12833-12836|author=Adhikarimayum, A. S. & Gopi, G. V.}}</ref><ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Tiger reappearance in Medog highlights the conservation values of the region for this apex predator|url=https://www.zoores.ac.cn/en/article/doi/10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2023.178|journal=Zoological Research|date=2023|issn=2095-8137|pmc=10415778|pmid=37464931|pages=747–749|volume=44|issue=4|doi=10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2023.178|language=en|author=Li, X. Y.; Hu, W. Q.; Wang, H. J. & Jiang, X. L.}}</ref> Cuireann sé faoi i bhforaoisí [[duillsilteach]] agus [[Planda síorghlas|síorghlasa]] sa Téalainn.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=How many tigers Panthera tigris are there in Huai Kha Khaeng Wildlife Sanctuary, Thailand? An estimate using photographic capture-recapture sampling|url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0030605307414107/type/journal_article|journal=Oryx|date=2007|issn=0030-6053|pages=447–453|volume=41|issue=4|doi=10.1017/S0030605307414107|language=en|author=Simcharoen, S.; Pattanavibool, A.; Karanth, K. U.; Nichols, J. D. & Kumar, N. S.}}</ref> In Sumatra, faightear i [[Foraois sheascainn mhóna|bhforaoisí seascainn móna]] ilchríche agus i [[Foraois Montane|bhforaoisí Montane]] garbha.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Population Status of a Cryptic Top Predator: An Island-Wide Assessment of Tigers in Sumatran Rainforests|url=https://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0025931|journal=PLoS ONE|date=2011|issn=1932-6203|pmc=3206793|pmid=22087218|pages=e25931|volume=6|issue=11|doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0025931|language=en|author=Wibisono, H. T.; Linkie, M.; Guillera-Arroita, G.; Smith, J. A.; Sunarto; Pusarini, W.; Asriadi; Baroto, P.; Brickle, N.; Dinata, Y.; Gemita, E.; Gunaryadi, D.; Haidir, I. A. & Herwansyah}}</ref> === Dlús pobail === Nocht [[Gaiste ceamara|gaistí ceamara]] le linn 2010-2015 i bhforaois dhuillsilteach agus phéine fho-thrópaiceach na [[Páirc Náisiúnta Jim Corbett|Páirce Náisiúnta Jim Corbett]] i dtuaisceart na hIndia go bhfuil [[Dlús daonra|dlús phobail]] tíogair seasmhach de 12-17 indibhidiúil in aghaidh gach 100 km² (39 mi²) laistigh de limistéar 521 km² (201 mi²).<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Demography of a high‐density tiger population and its implications for tiger recovery|url=https://besjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/1365-2664.13410|journal=Journal of Applied Ecology|date=2019|issn=0021-8901|pages=1725–1740|volume=56|issue=7|doi=10.1111/1365-2664.13410|language=en|author=Bisht, S.; Banerjee, S.; Qureshi, Q. & Jhala, Y.}}</ref> I dtuaisceart Mhaenmar, measadh dlús phobail tíogair sa limistéar samplála, a raibh thart ar 3,250 km² (1,250 mi²) d'fhoraois leathanduilleach thrópaiceach agus féarthalamh ann, a bheith idir 0.21–0.44 tíogair in aghaidh gach 100 km² (39 mi²) faoin bhliain 2009.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Estimating abundance with sparse data: tigers in northern Myanmar|url=https://esj-journals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1007/s10144-008-0093-5|journal=Population Ecology|date=2009|issn=1438-3896|pages=115–121|volume=51|issue=1|doi=10.1007/s10144-008-0093-5|language=en|author=Lynam, A. J.; Rabinowitz, A.; Myint, T.; Maung, M.; Latt, K. T. & Po, S. H. T.}}</ref> Measadh go bhfuil an dlús phobail i bhforaoisí leath-shíorghlasa agus duillsilteacha measctha [[Anaclann Fiadhúlra Huai Kha Khaeng]] na Téalainne thart ar 2.01 tíogair in aghaidh gach 100 km² (39 mi²); le linn na 1970idí agus 1980idí, tharla [[lománaíocht]] agus póitseáil sna [[Páirc Náisiúnta Mae Wong|Páirceanna Náisiúnta Mae Wong]] agus [[Páirc Náisiúnta Khlong Lan|Khlong Lan]] in aice láimhe, áit a measadh an dlús phobail a bheith i bhfad níos ísle, gan ach 0.359 tíogair in aghaidh gach 100 km² (39 mi²) faoin bhliain 2016.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Tiger density, movements, and immigration outside of a tiger source site in Thailand|url=https://conbio.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/csp2.560|journal=Conservation Science and Practice|date=2021|issn=2578-4854|volume=3|issue=12|doi=10.1111/csp2.560|language=en|author=Phumanee, W.; Steinmetz, R.; Phoonjampa, R.; Weingdow, S.; Phokamanee, S.; Bhumpakphan, N. & Savini, T.}}</ref> Measadh an dlús phobail i bhforaoisí [[Dipterocarpaceae|dipterocarp]] agus montane i dtuaisceart na Malaeise a bheith thart ar 1.47–2.43 tíogair fhásta in aghaidh gach 100 km² (39 mi²) i bPáirc Stáit Belum Ríoga, ach 0.3–0.92 tíogair fhásta a bheith ann in aghaidh gach 100 km² (39 mi²) in [[Anaclann Foraoise Temengor]], áit atá gan chosaint a mbíonn lománaíocht ar siúl [[Lománaíocht roghnaitheach|ar bhonn roghnaitheach]].<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Conserving tigers in Malaysia: A science-driven approach for eliciting conservation policy change|url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0006320714005035|journal=Biological Conservation|date=2015|pages=18–26|volume=184|doi=10.1016/j.biocon.2014.12.024|language=en|author=Rayan, D. M. & Linkie, M.}}</ref> == Iompar agus éiceolaíocht == [[Íomhá:Tigerwater_edit2.jpg|alt=Tiger in water|mion|Tíogar ag folcadh]] Léiríonn sonraí ghaistí ceamara go seachnaíonn tíogair i [[Páirc Náisiúnta Chitwan|bPáirc Náisiúnta Chitwan]] áiteanna a ghnáthaíonn daoine agus gur gníomhaí a bhíonn siad san oíche ná sa ló.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Coexistence between wildlife and humans at fine spatial scales|url=https://pnas.org/doi/full/10.1073/pnas.1210490109|journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences|date=2012|issn=0027-8424|pmc=3458348|pmid=22949642|pages=15360–15365|volume=109|issue=38|doi=10.1073/pnas.1210490109|language=en|author=Carter, N. H.; Shrestha, B. K.; Karki, J. B.; Pradhan, N. M. B. & Liu, J.}}</ref> Ba ghníomhaí sé thíogar a raibh coiléir raidió orthu ó bhreacadh an lae go dtí go luath ar maidin agus a mbuaic á sroicheadh thart ar a 7:00 a chlog ar maidin i [[Páirc Náisiúnta Sundarbans|bPáirc Náisiúnta Sundarbans]]. <ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Ranging, Activity and Habitat Use by Tigers in the Mangrove Forests of the Sundarban|url=https://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0152119|journal=PLOS ONE|date=2016|issn=1932-6203|pmc=4822765|pmid=27049644|pages=e0152119|volume=11|issue=4|doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0152119|language=en|author=Naha, D.; Jhala, Y. V.; Qureshi, Q.; Roy, M.; Sankar, K. & Gopal, R.}}</ref> Nocht suirbhé gaiste ceamara trí bliana i bhfad i [[Páirc Náisiúnta Shuklaphanta|bPáirc Náisiúnta Shuklaphanta]] gur ghníomhaí na tíogair ó chrónú go dtí lár na hoíche.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Coexisting large carnivores: spatial relationships of tigers and leopards and their prey in a prey-rich area in lowland Nepal|url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/11956860.2018.1491512|journal=Écoscience|date=2019|issn=1195-6860|pages=1–9|volume=26|issue=1|doi=10.1080/11956860.2018.1491512|language=en|author=Pokheral, C. P. & Wegge, P.}}</ref> In oirthuaisceart na Síne, bhí tíogair ina [[Ainmhí clapsholais|n-ainmhithe clapsholais]] agus iad gníomhach le linn na hóiche agus a gcuid gníomhaíochtaí ag baint a mbuaic amach ar bhreacadh an lae agus ar chrónú na hoíche; bhíodar gníomhach ag nach mór an t-am céanna agus a bhí a gcuid creiche.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Do prey availability, human disturbance and habitat structure drive the daily activity patterns of Amur tigers ( Panthera tigris altaica )?|url=https://zslpublications.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jzo.12622|journal=Journal of Zoology|date=2019|issn=0952-8369|pages=131–140|volume=307|issue=2|doi=10.1111/jzo.12622|language=en|author=H. Yang, S. Han, B. Xie, P. Mou, X. Kou, T. Wang, J. Ge, L. Feng}}</ref> Is snámhaí cumhachtach é an tíogar a théann trasna aibhneacha atá chomh leathan le 8 km (5.0 mi) go héasca; tumann sé é féin san uisce ar laethanta teo ach go háirithe.<ref name=":7" /> Go ginearálta, níl a scileanna dreaptha crainn chomh cumasach agus atáthar i gcait eile de bharr a mhéide, ach déanann coileáin faoi 16 mhí amhlaidh go rialta.<ref>{{Harvnb|Thapar|2004}}, lgh. 26, 64–66</ref> Taifeadadh tíogar fásta ar dhreapadh dhó 10 m (33 tr) suas [[crann pipal]] mín.<ref name=":8" /> === Scaradh sóisialta === Bíonn saol atá aonarach den chuid is mó ag tíogair fhásta laistigh dá [[Raon baile (ainmhí)|raon baile]] nó [[Dúiche (ainmhí)|ndúiche]], dá bhraitheann a méid ar fhlúirse chreiche, láthair tíreolaíocha agus gnéas an indibhidiúla. Cosaíonn fireannaigh agus baineannaigh a raonta baile roimh thíogair an ghnéis chéanna agus cuimsíonn raon baile na bhfireannach iad go leor baineannach.<ref name=":8" /><ref name=":7" /> Bhí raonta baile de 10.6 agus 14.1 km² (4.1 agus 5.4 mi²) ag dhá bhaineannach sna [[Sundarbans]].<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Female tiger Panthera tigris home range size in the Bangladesh Sundarbans: the value of this mangrove ecosystem for the species’ conservation|url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0030605310001456/type/journal_article|journal=Oryx|date=2011|issn=0030-6053|pages=125–128|volume=45|issue=1|doi=10.1017/S0030605310001456|language=en|author=Barlow, A. C. D.; Smith, J. L. D.; Ahmad, I. U.; Hossain, A. N. M.; Rahman, M. & Howlader, A.}}</ref> In [[Anaclann Tíogair Panna]] d'athraigh raonta baile cúig bhaineannach athbhunaithe ó 53–67 km² (20–26 mi²) sa gheimhreadh go 55–60 km² (21–23 mi²) sa tsamhradh agus 46–94 km² (18–36 mi²) le linn an [[Monsún|mhonsúin]]; bhí raonta baile móra 84–147 km² (32–57 mi²) ag trí fhireannach sa gheimhreadh, 82–98 km² (32–38 mi²) sa tsamhradh agus 81–118 km² (31–46 mi²) le linn shéasúir an mhonsúin.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Movement and home range characteristics of reintroduced tiger (Panthera tigris) population in Panna Tiger Reserve, central India|url=http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10344-016-1026-9|journal=European Journal of Wildlife Research|date=2016|issn=1612-4642|pages=537–547|volume=62|issue=5|doi=10.1007/s10344-016-1026-9|language=en|author=Sarkar, M. S.; Ramesh, K.; Johnson, J. A.; Sen, S.; Nigam, P.; Gupta, S. K.; Murthy, R. S. & Saha, G. K.}}</ref> I [[Tearmann Bithsféir Sikhote-Alin|dTearmann Bithsféir Sikhote-Alin]], bhí raonta baile de 248–520 km² (96–201 mi²) ag 14 baineannach agus de 847–1,923 km² (327–742 mi²) ag cúig fhireannach a chuimsigh iad de chúig bhaineannach ar an uasmhéid.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Spatial structure of Amur (Siberian) tigers ( Panthera tigris altaica ) on Sikhote-Alin Biosphere Zapovednik, Russia|url=https://academic.oup.com/jmammal/article-lookup/doi/10.1644/09-MAMM-A-293.1|journal=Journal of Mammalogy|date=2010|issn=0022-2372|pages=737–748|volume=91|issue=3|doi=10.1644/09-MAMM-A-293.1|language=en|author=Goodrich, J. M.; Miquelle, D. G.; Smirnov, E. M.; Kerley, L. L.; Quigley, H. B. & Hornocker, M. G.}}</ref> Nuair a bhíodh coileáin de cheithre mhí ar an uasaois ag tíogair bhaineanna sa tearmann céanna, laghdóidís a raonta baile ionas go bhféadfaidís fanacht i ngar dá n-óga agus d'ardóidís a raonta baile de réir a chéile go dtí go mbeadh a n-óga 13–18 mí d'aois.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=The influence of reproductive status on home range size and spatial dynamics of female Amur tigers|url=http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s13364-020-00547-2|journal=Mammal Research|date=2021|issn=2199-2401|pages=83–94|volume=66|issue=1|doi=10.1007/s13364-020-00547-2|language=en|author=Klevtcova, A. V.; Miquelle, D. G.; Seryodkin, I. V.; Bragina, E. V.; Soutyrina, S. V. & Goodrich, J. M.}}</ref> {{fráma íomhá|caption=[[Tíogar Bheangál|Tíogair Bheangál]] ag spraeáil múin (thuas) agus ag cuimilt de chrann chun a dhúiche a mharcáil|content={{CSS image crop |Image = Tiger spray marking. DavidRaju 1.jpg |bSize = 300 |cWidth = 150 |cHeight = 150 |oTop = 30 |oLeft = 30 }}{{CSS image crop |Image = Bijili (A tiger in Ranthambore National Park, 2016) 1.jpg |bSize = 150 |cWidth = 150 |cHeight = 150 |oTop = 30 |oLeft = 0 }}|width=150}} Is speiceas é an tíogar a théann ar rith i bhfad i gcéin agus a scaipeann thar fhaid suas le 650 km (400 mi) chun pobail tíogair in áiteanna eile a shroicheadh.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Connectivity of Tiger (Panthera tigris) Populations in the Human-Influenced Forest Mosaic of Central India|url=https://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0077980|journal=PLoS ONE|date=2013|issn=1932-6203|pmc=3819329|pmid=24223132|pages=e77980|volume=8|issue=11|doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0077980|language=en|author=Joshi, A.; Vaidyanathan, S.; Mondol, S.; Edgaonkar, A. & Ramakrishnan, U.}}</ref> Socraíonn tíogair bhaineanna óga a gcéad raonta baile i ngar dóibh a máithreacha ach déanann na tíogair fhireanna imirce níos faide amach ná a macasamhail bhaineann.<ref name=":10">{{Harvnb|Thapar|2004}}, lch. 76.</ref> Scaip ceithre thíogar baineanna a raibh [[Coiléar raidió|coiléir raidió]] orthu amach idir 0 agus 43.2 km (0.0 agus 26.8 mi) agus 10 dtíogar fireanna idir 9.5 agus 65.7 km (5.9 agus 40.8 mi) i bPáirc Náisiúnta Chitwan.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=The Role of Dispersal in Structuring the Chitwan Tiger Population|url=https://brill.com/view/journals/beh/124/3-4/article-p165_1.xml|journal=Behaviour|date=1993|issn=0005-7959|pages=165–195|volume=124|issue=3-4|doi=10.1163/156853993X00560|author=Smith, J. L. D.}}</ref> Cónaíonn fo-aosach fireann mar fhánaí i raon baile thíogair fhirinn eile go dtí go bhfuil sé níos sine agus láidir go leor chun dúshlán an fhireannaigh chónaithigh a thabhairt.<ref name=":10" /><ref>{{Harvnb|Mills|2004}}, lgh. 54–55. </ref> Marcálann tíogair a raonta baile trí [[Spraeáil múin|mhún a spraeáil]] ar fhásra agus chlocha, crúbáil nó [[cuimilt bholaidh]] a dhéanamh ar chrainnte agus conair a mharcáil le [[faecas]], táil [[Faireog tóna|fhaireog tóna]] agus scrabhanna talúna.<ref name=":7" /><ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Chemical Characterization of Territorial Marking Fluid of Male Bengal Tiger, Panthera tigris|url=http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10886-008-9462-y|journal=Journal of Chemical Ecology|date=2008|issn=0098-0331|pages=659–671|volume=34|issue=5|doi=10.1007/s10886-008-9462-y|language=en|author=Burger, B. V.; Viviers, M. Z.; Bekker, J. P. I.; Roux, M.; Fish, N.; Fourie, W. B. & Weibchen, G.}}</ref><ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Scent marking in free-ranging tigers,Panthera tigris|url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0003347289900018|journal=Animal Behaviour|date=1989|pages=1–10|volume=37|doi=10.1016/0003-3472(89)90001-8|language=en|author=Smith, J. L. D.; McDougal, C. & Miquelle, D.}}</ref><ref>{{Harvnb|Thapar|2004}}, lch. 105.</ref> Scent markings also allow an individual to pick up information on another's identity. Unclaimed home ranges, particularly those that belonged to a deceased individual, can be taken over in days or weeks.<ref name="Miquelle" /> Male tigers are generally less tolerant of other males within their home ranges than females are of other females. Disputes are usually solved by intimidation rather than fighting. Once [[Dominance (ethology)|dominance]] has been established, a male may tolerate a subordinate within his range, as long as they do not come near him. The most serious disputes tend to occur between two males competing for a female in [[oestrus]].{{sfn|Mills|2004|pp=85–86}} Though tigers mostly live alone, relationships between individuals can be complex. Tigers are particularly social at kills and a male tiger will sometimes share a carcass with the females and cubs within this home range and unlike male lions, will allow them to feed on the kill before he is finished with it. However, a female is more tense when encountering another female at a kill.{{sfn|Schaller|1967|pp=244–251}}{{sfn|Mills|2004|p=89}} === Cumarsáid === During friendly encounters and bonding, tigers [[Bunting (animal behavior)|rub against]] each other's bodies.{{sfn|Schaller|1967|pp=262–263}} Facial expressions include the "defence threat", which involves a wrinkled face, bared teeth, pulled-back ears and widened pupils.{{sfn|Schaller|1967|p=263}}<ref name="Mazak1981" /> Both males and females show a [[flehmen response]], a characteristic curled-lip grimace, when smelling urine markings. Males also use the flehmen to detect the markings made by tigresses in oestrus.<ref name="Mazak1981" /> Tigers will move their ears around to display the white spots, particularly during aggressive encounters and between mothers and cubs.<ref name="WCW">{{Cite book|last1=Sunquist|first1=M. E.|year=2002|last2=Sunquist|first2=F.|name-list-style=amp|title=Wild Cats of the World|publisher=University of Chicago Press|location=Chicago|isbn=978-0-226-77999-7|chapter=Tiger ''Panthera tigris'' (Linnaeus, 1758)|pages=343–372|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IF8nDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA320}}</ref> They also use their tails to signal their mood. To show cordiality, the tail sticks up and sways slowly, while an apprehensive tiger lowers its tail or wags it side-to-side. When calm, the tail hangs low.{{sfn|Thapar|2004|p=29}} Tigers are normally silent but can produce numerous vocalisations.{{sfn|Schaller|1967|p=256}}{{sfn|Thapar|2004|p=99}} They [[roar]] to signal their presence to other individuals over long distances. This vocalisation is forced through an open mouth as it closes and can be heard {{cvt|3|km}} away. They roar multiple times in a row and others respond in kind. Tigers also roar during mating and a mother will roar to call her cubs to her. When tense, tigers moan, a sound similar to a roar but softer and made when the mouth is at least partially closed. Moaning can be heard {{cvt|400|m}} away.<ref name="Mazak1981" />{{sfn|Schaller|1967|pp=258–261}} Aggressive encounters involve [[growling]], [[snarling]] and hissing.{{sfn|Schaller|1967|p=261}} An explosive "coughing roar" or "coughing snarl" is emitted through an open mouth and exposed teeth.<ref name="Mazak1981" />{{sfn|Schaller|1967|p=261}}<ref name="WCW" /> In friendlier situations, tigers [[prusten]], a soft, low-frequency snorting sound similar to [[purring]] in smaller cats.<ref>{{Cite journal|doi=10.1023/A:1020620121416|year=1999|last1=Peters|first1=G.|last2=Tonkin-Leyhausen|first2=B. A.|name-list-style=amp|title=Evolution of acoustic communication signals of mammals: Friendly close-range vocalizations in Felidae (Carnivora)|journal=Journal of Mammalian Evolution|volume=6|issue=2|pages=129–159|s2cid=25252052}}</ref> Tiger mothers communicate with their cubs by grunting, while cubs call back with [[Miaow|miaows]].{{sfn|Schaller|1967|pp=257–258}} When startled, they "woof". They produce a deer-like "pok" sound for unknown reasons, but most often at kills.{{sfn|Schaller|1967|pp=256–258}}{{sfn|Mills|2004|p=62}}<gallery mode="packed" heights="150px"> Íomhá:Panthera_tigris_altaica_28_-_Buffalo_Zoo_(1).jpg|alt=Image of tiger barring teeth|Tíogar Amúrach ag nochtadh a chuid fiacla mar chomhartha ionsaitheachta Íomhá:Sumatran_tiger_(Panthera_tigris_sumatrae)_vocalising.webm|alt=Video of tiger roaring at a zoo|[[Tíogar Sumatrach]] i ngéibheann ag búireadh Íomhá:439280_schots_angry-tiger.wav|Tíogar i gcás ag drantú agus ag drannadh </gallery> === Seilg agus aiste bia === [[Íomhá:RANTHAMBORE_TIGER_RESERVE.jpg|alt=Tiger attacking a sambar deer from behind, pulling on its back|mion|Tíogar Bheangál ag ionsaí [[fia sambar]] in [[Anaclann Tíogair Ranthambore]]]] The tiger is a [[carnivore]] and an [[apex predator]]. [[Abundance (ecology)|Abundance]] and body weight of prey species are assumed to be the main criteria for the tiger's prey selection, both inside and outside protected areas.<ref>{{cite journal|author1=Biswas, S.|name-list-style=amp|author2=Kumar, S.|author3=Bandhopadhyay, M.|author4=Patel, S. K.|author5=Lyngdoh, S.|author6=Pandav, B.|author7=Mondol, S.|year=2023|title=What drives prey selection? Assessment of Tiger (''Panthera tigris'') food habits across the Terai-Arc Landscape, India|journal=Journal of Mammalogy|volume=104|issue=6|pages=1302–1316|doi=10.1093/jmammal/gyad069}}</ref> It feeds mainly on large and medium-sized [[Ungulate|hooved mammals]] such as [[sambar deer]], [[Manchurian wapiti]], [[barasingha]], [[gaur]] and [[wild boar]].<!--Please do not add any more species to this sentence.--><ref name="Hayward">{{cite journal|last1=Hayward|first1=M. W.|last2=Jędrzejewski|first2=W.|last3=Jędrzejewska|first3=B.|year=2012|title=Prey preferences of the tiger ''Panthera tigris''|journal=Journal of Zoology|volume=286|issue=3|pages=221–231|doi=10.1111/j.1469-7998.2011.00871.x|name-list-style=amp}}</ref><ref name="Steinmetz_al2021">{{cite journal|author1=Steinmetz, R.|name-list-style=amp|author2=Seuaturien, N.|author3=Intanajitjuy, P.|author4=Inrueang, P.|author5=Prempree, K.|year=2021|title=The effects of prey depletion on dietary niches of sympatric apex predators in Southeast Asia|journal=Integrative Zoology|volume=16|issue=1|pages=19–32|doi=10.1111/1749-4877.12461|pmid=32627329}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|author1=Variar, A. S.|name-list-style=amp|author2=Anoop, N. R.|author3=Komire, S.|author4=Vinayan, P. A.|author5=Sujin, N. S.|author6=Raj, A.|author7=Prasadan, P. K.|year=2023|title=Prey selection by the Indian tiger (''Panthera tigris tigris'') outside protected areas in Indias Western Ghats: implications for conservation|journal=Food Webs|volume=34|article-number=e00268|doi=10.1016/j.fooweb.2022.e00268|bibcode=2023FWebs..3400268V}}</ref> It also preys opportunistically on smaller species like [[Monkey|monkeys]], [[peafowl]] and other ground-based birds, [[Porcupine|porcupines]] and fish.<ref name="Mazak1981" /><ref name="Miquelle" /> Occasional attacks on [[Asian elephant|Asian elephants]] and [[Indian rhinoceros|Indian rhinoceroses]] have also been reported.<ref>{{cite journal|author1=Karanth, K. U.|year=2003|title=Tiger ecology and conservation in the Indian subcontinent|journal=Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society|volume=100|issue=2 & 3|pages=169–189|url=https://repository.ias.ac.in/89489/1/50p.pdf}}</ref> More often, tigers take the more vulnerable calves.<ref>{{cite journal|author1=Karanth, K. U.|author2=Nichols, J. D.|name-list-style=amp|year=1998|title=Estimation of tiger densities in India using photographic captures and recaptures|journal=Ecology|volume=79|issue=8|pages=2852–2862|doi=10.1890/0012-9658(1998)079[2852:EOTDII]2.0.CO;2|jstor=176521|url=http://erepo.usiu.ac.ke/bitstream/handle/11732/758/Estimation%20of%20tiger%20densities%20in%20India%20using%20photographic%20captures%20and%20recaptures.pdf?sequence=4&isAllowed=y|access-date=16 December 2021|archive-date=27 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221127044620/http://erepo.usiu.ac.ke/bitstream/handle/11732/758/Estimation%20of%20tiger%20densities%20in%20India%20using%20photographic%20captures%20and%20recaptures.pdf?sequence=4&isAllowed=y|url-status=live}}</ref> They sometimes prey on livestock and dogs in close proximity to settlements.<ref name="Mazak1981" /> Tigers occasionally consume vegetation, fruit and minerals for [[dietary fibre]] and supplements.<ref name="Perry">{{cite book|author=Perry, R.|title=The World of the Tiger|year=1965|publisher=Cassell|place=London|pages=133–134|asin=B0007DU2IU}}</ref> Tigers learn to hunt from their mothers, though the ability to hunt may be partially inborn.<ref name="Fàbregas">{{cite journal|last1=Fàbregas|first1=M. C.|last2=Fosgate|first2=G. T.|last3=Koehler|first3=G. M.|year=2015|title=Hunting performance of captive-born South China tigers (''Panthera tigris amoyensis'') on free-ranging prey and implications for their reintroduction|journal=Biological Conservation|volume=192|pages=57–64|doi=10.1016/j.biocon.2015.09.007|bibcode=2015BCons.192...57F|hdl=2263/50208|hdl-access=free|name-list-style=amp}}</ref> Depending on the size of the prey, they typically kill weekly though mothers must kill more often.<ref name="Sunquist2010" /> Families hunt together when cubs are old enough.{{sfn|Thapar|2004|p=63}} They search for prey using vision and hearing.{{sfn|Schaller|1967|pp=284–285}} A tiger will also wait at a watering hole for prey to come by, particularly during hot summer days.{{sfn|Schaller|1967|p=288}}{{sfn|Thapar|2004|p=120}} It is an ambush predator and when approaching potential prey, it crouches with the head lowered and hides in foliage. It switches between creeping forward and staying still. A tiger may even doze off and can stay in the same spot for as long as a day, waiting for prey and launch an attack when the prey is close enough,{{sfn|Thapar|2004|pp=119–120, 122}} usually within {{cvt|30|m}}.<ref name="Sunquist2010" /> If the prey spots it before then, the cat does not pursue further.{{sfn|Schaller|1967|p=288}} A tiger can sprint {{cvt|56|km/h|mph}} and leap {{cvt|10|m}};{{sfn|Schaller|1967|p=287}}{{sfn|Thapar|2004|p=23}} it is not a long-distance runner and gives up a chase if prey outpaces it over a certain distance.{{sfn|Schaller|1967|p=288}} [[Íomhá:Tiger's_killing_wild_boar.jpg|alt=Two tigers attacking a boar|deas|mion|Dhá thíogar Bheangál ag ionsaí [[torc allta]] in [[Anaclann Tíogair Kanha]]]] The tiger attacks from behind or at the sides and tries to knock the target off balance. It latches onto prey with its forelimbs, twisting and turning during the struggle and tries to pull it to the ground. The tiger generally applies a [[Throat clamp|bite to the throat]] until its victim dies of [[strangulation]].<ref name="Mazak1981" />{{sfn|Thapar|2004|p=121}}{{sfn|Schaller|1967|p=295}}{{sfn|Mills|2004|p=24}} It has an average bite force at the canine tips of 1234.3 [[Newton (unit)|newtons]].<ref>{{cite journal|author=Christiansen, P.|year=2007|title=Canine morphology in the larger Felidae: implications for feeding ecology|journal=Biological Journal of the Linnean Society|volume=91|issue=4|pages=573–592|doi=10.1111/j.1095-8312.2007.00819.x|doi-access=free}}</ref> Holding onto the throat puts the cat out of reach of horns, antlers, tusks and hooves.{{sfn|Thapar|2004|p=121}}{{sfn|Schaller|1967|pp=295–296}} Tigers are adaptable killers and may use other methods, including ripping the throat or breaking the neck. Large prey may be disabled by a bite to the back of the [[Hock (anatomy)|hock]], severing the tendon. Swipes from the large paws are capable of stunning or breaking the skull of a [[water buffalo]].{{sfn|Thapar|2004|p=126}} They kill small prey with a bite to the back of the neck or head.{{sfn|Schaller|1967|p=289}}<ref name="Sunquist2010" /> Estimates of the [[Hunting success|success rate]] for hunting tigers range from a low of 5% to a high of 50%. They are sometimes killed or injured by large or dangerous prey like gaur, buffalo and boar.<ref name="Sunquist2010" /> Tigers typically move kills to a private, usually vegetated spot no further than {{cvt|183|m}}, though they have been recorded dragging them {{cvt|549|m}}. They are strong enough to drag the carcass of a fully grown buffalo for some distance. They rest for a while before eating and can consume as much as {{cvt|50|kg}} of meat in one session, but feed on a carcass for several days, leaving little for scavengers.{{sfn|Schaller|1967|pp=297–300}} === Iomaitheoirí === [[Íomhá:Tigerdholes.jpg|alt=Painting of dhole pack attacking a tiger|mion|Léaráid ón bhliain 1807 de [[Madra fiáin Áiseach|madraí fiáine Áiseacha]] ag ionsaí tíogair]] In much of their range, tigers share habitat with leopards and [[Dhole|dholes]]. They typically dominate both of them, though with dholes it depends on their pack size. Interactions between the three predators involve chasing, [[Kleptoparasitism|stealing kills]] and direct killing.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Srivathsa|first1=A.|last2=Ramachandran|first2=V.|last3=Saravanan|first3=P.|last4=Sureshbabu|first4=A.|last5=Ganguly|first5=D.|last6=Ramakrishnan|first6=U.|year=2023|title=Topcats and underdogs: intraguild interactions among three apex carnivores across Asia's forestscapes|journal=Biological Reviews|volume=98|issue=6|pages=2114–2135|doi=10.1111/brv.12998|pmid=37449566|s2cid=259903849|name-list-style=amp}}</ref> Large dhole packs may kill tigers.{{sfn|Thapar|2004|p=136}} Tigers, leopards and dholes coexist by hunting different sized prey.<ref name="Karanth">{{cite journal|last=Karanth|first=K. U.|author2=Sunquist, M. E.|name-list-style=amp|year=2000|title=Behavioural correlates of predation by tiger (''Panthera tigris''), leopard (''Panthera pardus'') and dhole (''Cuon alpinus'') in Nagarahole, India|journal=Journal of Zoology|volume=250|pages=255–265|doi=10.1111/j.1469-7998.2000.tb01076.x|issue=2}}</ref> In [[Nagarhole National Park]], the average weight for tiger kills was found to be {{cvt|91.5|kg}}, compared to {{cvt|37.6|kg}} for leopards and {{cvt|43.4|kg}} for dholes.<ref name="KaranthSunquist1995">{{cite journal|author1=Karanth, K. U.|author2=Sunquist, M. E.|name-list-style=amp|title=Prey selection by tiger, leopard and dhole in tropical forests|jstor=5647|doi=10.2307/5647|journal=Journal of Animal Ecology|volume=64|issue=4|year=1995|pages=439–450|bibcode=1995JAnEc..64..439K}}</ref> In [[Kui Buri National Park]], following a reduction in prey numbers, tigers continued to kill favoured prey while leopards and dholes increased their consumption of small prey.<ref name="Steinmetz_al2021" /> Both leopards and dholes can live successfully in tiger habitat when there is abundant food and vegetation cover.<ref name="Karanth" /><ref>{{cite journal|author1=Odden, M.|name-list-style=amp|author2=Wegge, P.|author3=Fredriksen, T.|year=2010|title=Do tigers displace leopards? If so, why?|journal=Ecological Research|volume=25|issue=4|pages=875–881|doi=10.1007/s11284-010-0723-1|bibcode=2010EcoR...25..875O}}</ref> Otherwise, they appear to be less common where tigers are numerous. The recovery of the tiger population in [[Rajaji National Park]] during the 2000s led to a reduction in leopard population densities.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Harihar|first1=A.|last2=Pandav|first2=B.|last3=Goyal|first3=S. P.|year=2011|title=Responses of leopard ''Panthera pardus'' to the recovery of a tiger ''Panthera tigris'' population|journal=Journal of Applied Ecology|volume=48|issue=3|pages=806–814|doi=10.1111/j.1365-2664.2011.01981.x|doi-access=free|bibcode=2011JApEc..48..806H|name-list-style=amp}}</ref> Similarly, at two sites in central India the size of dhole packs was negatively correlated with tiger densities.<ref>{{cite journal|author1=Habib, B.|name-list-style=amp|author2=Nigam P.|author3=Ghaskadbi P.|author4=Bhandari A.|year=2021|title=Dhole pack size variation: Assessing the effect of prey availability and apex predator|journal=Ecology and Evolution|volume=11|issue=9|pages=4774–4785|doi=10.1002/ece3.7380|pmid=33976847|pmc=8093734|bibcode=2021EcoEv..11.4774B}}</ref> Leopard and dhole distribution in Kui Buri correlated with both prey access and tiger scarcity.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Steinmetz|first1=R.|last2=Seuaturien|first2=N.|last3=Chutipong|first3=W.|name-list-style=amp|year=2013|title=Tigers, leopards, and dholes in a half-empty forest: Assessing species interactions in a guild of threatened carnivores|journal=Biological Conservation|volume=163|pages=68–78|doi=10.1016/j.biocon.2012.12.016|bibcode=2013BCons.163...68S}}</ref> In [[Jigme Dorji National Park]], tigers were found to inhabit the deeper parts of forests while the smaller predators were pushed closer to the fringes.<ref>{{cite journal|author=Thinley, P.|author2=Rajaratnam, R.|author3=Lassoie, J. P.|author4=Morreale, S. J.|author5=Curtis, P. D.|author6=Vernes, K.|author7=Leki Leki|author8=Phuntsho, S.|author9=Dorji, T.|author10=Dorji, P.|name-list-style=amp|year=2018|title=The ecological benefit of tigers (''Panthera tigris'') to farmers in reducing crop and livestock losses in the eastern Himalayas: Implications for conservation of large apex predators|journal=Biological Conservation|volume=219|pages=119–125|doi=10.1016/j.biocon.2018.01.015|doi-access=free|bibcode=2018BCons.219..119T}}</ref> === Atáirgeadh agus saolré === {{Redirect|Tiger cub|other uses|Tiger Cub (disambiguation){{!}}Tiger Cub}} [[Íomhá:Tigeress_with_cubs_in_Kanha_Tiger_reserve.jpg|alt=Tiger with cubs|mion|Clann tíogair Bheangál in Anaclann Tíogair Kanha]] The tiger generally [[Mating|mates]] all year round, particularly between November and April. A tigress is in oestrus for three to six days at a time, separated by three to nine week intervals.<ref name="Mazak1981" /> A resident male mates with all the females within his home range, who signal their receptiveness by roaring and marking.{{sfn|Mills|2004|p=42}}{{sfn|Thapar|2004|p=145}} Younger, transient males are also attracted, leading to a fight in which the more dominant, resident male drives the usurper off.<ref name="Sankhala">{{cite journal|last1=Sankhala|first1=K. S.|year=1967|title=Breeding behaviour of the tiger ''Panthera tigris'' in Rajasthan|journal=International Zoo Yearbook|volume=7|issue=1|pages=133–147|doi=10.1111/j.1748-1090.1967.tb00354.x}}</ref>{{sfn|Mills|2004|p=42}} During courtship, the male is cautious with the female until she shows readiness to mate by positioning herself in [[Lordosis behavior|lordosis]] with her tail to the side. [[Copulation (zoology)|Copulation]] typically lasts no more than 20 seconds, with the male biting the female by the scruff of her neck. After it is finished, the male quickly pulls away as the female may turn and slap him.{{sfn|Mills|2004|p=42}} Tiger pairs may stay together for up to four days and mate multiple times.{{sfn|Thapar|2004|p=148}} [[Gestation]] lasts around or over three months.<ref name="Mazak1981" /> A tigress gives birth in a secluded location, be it in dense vegetation, in a cave or under a rocky shelter.{{sfn|Thapar|2004|p=45}} [[Litter (zoology)|Litters]] consist of as many as seven cubs, but two or three are more typical.<ref name="Sankhala" />{{sfn|Thapar|2004|p=45}} Newborn cubs weigh {{cvt|785|–|1610|g}} and are blind and underdeveloped ([[Precociality and altriciality|altricial]]).{{sfn|Thapar|2004|p=45}} The mother licks and cleans her cubs, suckles them and viciously defends them from any potential threat.<ref name="Sankhala" /> Cubs open their eyes at the age of three to 14 days and their vision becomes clear after a few more weeks.{{sfn|Thapar|2004|p=45}} They can leave the denning site after two months and around the same time they start eating meat.<ref name="Sankhala" />{{sfn|Mills|2004|pp=50–51}} The mother only leaves them alone to hunt and even then she does not travel far.{{sfn|Mills|2004|p=50}} When she suspects an area is no longer safe, she moves her cubs to a new spot, transporting them one by one by grabbing them by the scruff of the neck with her mouth.{{sfn|Thapar|2004|p=51}} A tigress in Sikhote-Alin Biosphere Reserve maximised the time spent with her cubs by reducing her home range, killing larger prey and returning to her den more rapidly than without cubs; when the cubs started to eat meat, she took them to kill sites, thereby optimising their protection and access to food.<ref>{{cite journal|author1=Petrunenko, Y. K.|name-list-style=amp|author2=Seryodkin, I. V.|author3=Bragina, E. V.|author4=Soutyrina, S. S.|author5=Mukhacheva, A. S.|author6=Rybin, N. N.|author7=Miquelle, D. G.|year=2019|title=How does a tigress balance the opposing constraints of raising cubs?|journal=Mammal Research|volume=65|issue=2|pages=245–253|doi=10.1007/s13364-019-00466-x}}</ref> In the same reserve, one of 21 cubs died in over eight years of monitoring and mortality did not differ between male and female juveniles.<ref>{{cite journal|author1=Robinson, H. S.|name-list-style=amp|author2=Goodrich, J. M.|author3=Miquelle, D. G.|author4=Miller, C. S.|author5=Seryodkin, I. V.|year=2015|title=Mortality of Amur tigers: The more things change, the more they stay the same|journal=Integrative Zoology|volume=10|issue=4|pages=344–353|doi=10.1111/1749-4877.12147|pmid=26096683}}</ref> Tiger monitoring over six years in [[Ranthambore Tiger Reserve]] indicated an average annual survival rate of around 85 percent for 74 male and female cubs; survival rate increased to 97 percent for both males and female juveniles of one to two years of age.<ref name="Sadhu2017">{{cite journal|author1=Sadhu, A.|name-list-style=amp|author2=Jayam, P. P. C.|author3=Qureshi, Q.|author4=Shekhawat, R. S.|author5=Sharma, S.|author6=Jhala, Y. V.|year=2017|title=Demography of a small, isolated tiger (''Panthera tigris tigris'') population in a semi-arid region of western India|journal=BMC Zoology|volume=2|article-number=16|doi=10.1186/s40850-017-0025-y|doi-access=free}}</ref> Causes of cub mortality include predators, floods, fires, death of the mother and fatal injuries.{{sfn|Thapar|2004|p=51}}{{sfn|Mills|2004|p=51}}<ref name="Barlow2009">{{cite journal|author1=Barlow, A. C. D.|name-list-style=amp|author2=McDougal, C.|author3=Smith, J. L. D.|author4=Gurung, B.|author5=Bhatta, S. R.|author6=Kumal, S.|author7=Mahato, B.|author8=Taman, D. B.|year=2009|title=Temporal variation in Tiger (''Panthera tigris'') populations and its implications for monitoring|journal=Journal of Mammalogy|volume=90|issue=2|pages=472–478|doi=10.1644/07-MAMM-A-415.1|bibcode=2009JMamm..90..472B|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref name="Sadhu2017" /> [[Íomhá:Panthera_tigris_altaica_13_-_Buffalo_Zoo.jpg|alt=Tigress with cub in snow|mion|Tíogar Amúrach baineann lena coileán i [[Zú Buffalo]]]] After around two months, the cubs are able to follow their mother. They still hide in vegetation when she goes hunting. Young bond through play fighting and practice stalking. A hierarchy develops in the litter, with the biggest cub, often a male, being the most dominant and the first to eat its fill at a kill.{{sfn|Mills|2004|pp=61, 66–67}} Around the age of six months, cubs are fully weaned and have more freedom to explore their environment. Between eight and ten months, they accompany their mother on hunts.{{sfn|Thapar|2004|p=63}} A cub can make a kill as early as 11 months and reach independence as a juvenile of 18 to 24 months of age; males become independent earlier than females.{{sfn|Schaller|1967|pp=270, 276}}<ref name="Sadhu2017" /> Radio-collared tigers in Chitwan started leaving their natal areas at the age of 19 months.<ref name="Smith1993">{{cite journal|last=Smith|first=J. L. D.|year=1993|title=The role of dispersal in structuring the Chitwan tiger population|volume=124|journal=Behaviour|issue=3|pages=165–195|doi=10.1163/156853993X00560}}</ref> Young females are [[Sexual maturity|sexually mature]] at three to four years, whereas males are at four to five years.<ref name="Mazak1981" /> [[Generation time|Generation length]] of the tiger is about 7–10 years.<ref>{{cite journal|title=Generation length for mammals|author=Pacifici, M.|author2=Santini, L.|author3=Di Marco, M.|author4=Baisero, D.|author5=Francucci, L.|author6=Grottolo Marasini, G.|author7=Visconti, P.|author8=Rondinini, C.|journal=Nature Conservation|year=2013|volume=5|issue=5|pages=87–94|doi=10.3897/natureconservation.5.5734|doi-access=free|name-list-style=amp}}</ref> Wild Bengal tigers live 12–15 years.<ref>{{cite journal|author=Majumder, A.|year=2023|title=Survival strategy – Temporal segregation of different age and sex classes of a Bengal tiger (''Panthera tigris tigris'' Linnaeus) population in Pench Tiger Reserve, Madhya Pradesh India|journal=Journal of Animal Diversity|volume=5|issue=3|pages=43–54|doi=10.61186/JAD.2023.5.3.5|doi-access=free}}</ref> Data from the International Tiger [[Studbook]] 1938–2018 indicate that captive tigers lived up to 19 years.<ref>{{cite journal|author1=Tidière, M.|name-list-style=amp|author2=Müller, P.|author3=Sliwa, A.|author4=Siberchicot, A.|author5=Douay, G.|year=2021|title=Sex-specific actuarial and reproductive senescence in zoo-housed tiger (''Panthera tigris''): The importance of sub-species for conservation|journal=Zoo Biology|volume=40|issue=4|pages=320–329|doi=10.1002/zoo.21610|pmid=33861886|url=https://findresearcher.sdu.dk/ws/files/182491417/zoo.21610.pdf}}</ref> The father does not play a role in raising the young, but he encounters and interacts with them. The resident male appears to visit the female–cub families within his home range. They socialise and even share kills.{{sfn|Mills|2004|pp=59, 89}}{{sfn|Thapar|2004|pp=55–56}} One male was recorded looking after cubs whose mother had died.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-south-asia-13598386|work=BBC News|author=Pandey, G.|date=2011|title=India male tiger plays doting dad to orphaned cubs|access-date=14 February 2024|archive-date=8 April 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240408231242/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-south-asia-13598386|url-status=live}}</ref> By defending his home range, the male protects the females and cubs from other males.{{sfn|Mills|2004|p=59}} When a new male takes over, dependent cubs are at risk of [[Infanticide (zoology)|infanticide]] as the male attempts to sire his own young with the females.{{sfn|Thapar|2004|p=66}} A seven-year long study in Chitwan National Park revealed that 12 of 56 detected cubs and juveniles were killed by new males taking over home ranges.<ref name="Barlow2009" /> === Sláinte agus galair === Tá taifid ann de thíogair mar óstaigh sheadáin éagsúla amhail péisteanna ribíneacha cosúil le ''[[Diphyllobothrium]] erinacei'', ''[[Taenia pisiformis]]'' san India agus speicis ''[[Toxocara]]'' san India agus speicis ''[[Physaloptera]] preputialis'', ''[[Dirofilaria]] ursi'' agus ''Uiteinarta'' sa tSibéir.<ref name=":8" /> Tá sé ar eolas go mbíonn [[conslaod]] le fáil i dtíogair Amúracha.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Canine Distemper Virus: an Emerging Disease in Wild Endangered Amur Tigers ( Panthera tigris altaica )|url=https://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/mBio.00410-13|journal=mBio|date=2013|issn=2161-2129|pmc=3747579|pmid=23943758|volume=4|issue=4|doi=10.1128/mBio.00410-13|language=en|author=Seimon, T. A.; Miquelle, D. G.; Chang, T. Y.; Newton, A. L.; Korotkova, I.; Ivanchuk, G.; Lyubchenko, E.; Tupikov, A.; Slabe, E. & McAloose, D.}}</ref> Ionfhabhtú morbillivíris is é is dóichí a bheith mar chúis báis tíogair bhaininn i gCianoirthear na Rúise a raibh tástáil dhearfach ar an [[Painleocaipéine fhéilíneach|phainleocaipéine fhéilíneach]] agus an [[Coróinvíreas féilíneach|choróinvíreas fhéilíneach]] aici.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Morbillivirus Infection in a Wild Siberian Tiger in the Russian Far East|url=https://meridian.allenpress.com/jwd/article/46/4/1252/121390/Morbillivirus-Infection-in-a-Wild-Siberian-Tiger|journal=Journal of Wildlife Diseases|date=2010|issn=0090-3558|pages=1252–1256|volume=46|issue=4|doi=10.7589/0090-3558-46.4.1252|language=en|author=Quigley, K. S.; Evermann, J. F.; Leathers, C. W.; Armstrong, D. L.; Goodrich, J.; Duncan, N. M. & Miquelle, D. G.}}</ref> Léirigh samplaí fola ó 11 tíogair fhásta sa Neipeal [[antasubstaintí]] le haghaidh [[Conpharvaivíreas|conpharvaivíris]]-2, [[Heirpéasvíreas féilíneach|heirpéasvíris fhéilínigh]], córóinvíris féilínigh, [[Leiptispioróis|leiptispioróise]] agus ''[[Toxoplasma gondii]]''.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Serologic Survey of Selected Pathogens in Free-Ranging Bengal Tigers (Panthera tigris tigris) in Nepal|url=https://meridian.allenpress.com/jwd/article/57/2/393/451344/Serologic-Survey-of-Selected-Pathogens-in-Free|journal=Journal of Wildlife Diseases|date=2021|issn=0090-3558|volume=57|issue=2|doi=10.7589/JWD-D-20-00046|author=McCauley, D.; Stout, V.; Gairhe, K. P.; Sadaula, A.; Dubovi, E.; Subedi, S. & Kaufman, G. E.}}</ref> == Bagairtí == == Caomhnú == {{Main|Caomhnú an Tíogair}} ''Tuilleadh Eolais: [[Tíogar na 21ú hAoise]]'' {| class="wikitable sortable floatright" |+ Pobal domhanda na dtíogar fiáin !Tír !Bliain !Meastachán |- | {{flagicon|India}} [[An India]]|| 2022 || align="right" |3,167–3,682<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|author=Qureshi, Q.; Jhala, Y. V.; Yadav, S. P. & Mallick, A.|date=2023|url=https://wii.gov.in/images//images/documents/publications/statu_tiger_copredators-2022.pdf|title=Status of tigers, co-predators and prey in India 2022 (PDF)|publisher=National Tiger Conservation Authority & Wildlife Institute of India|location=Deilí Nua, Dehradun}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240505145403/https://wii.gov.in/images//images/documents/publications/statu_tiger_copredators-2022.pdf |date=2024-05-05 }}</ref> |- | {{flagicon|Russia}} [[An Rúis]]|| 2022 || align="right" |573–600<ref name=":5">{{Lua idirlín|teideal=Global Tiger Recovery Program 2.0 (2023-34)|url=https://globaltigerforum.org/global-tiger-recovery-program-2-0-2023-34/|dátarochtana=01-12-2025|language=en-US|foilsitheoir=Global Tiger Forum}}</ref> |- | {{Bratach|Indonesia}} [[An Indinéis]]|| 2022 || align="right" |393<ref name=":5" /> |- | {{Bratach|Nepal}} [[Neipeal]]|| 2022 || align="right" |316–355<ref>{{cite book|year=2022|title=Status of Tigers and Prey in Nepal 2022|location=Kathmandu, Neipeal|publisher=Department of National Parks and Wildlife Conservation and Department of Forests and Soil Conservation. Ministry of Forests and Environment|url=https://dnpwc.gov.np/media/files/Status_of_Tigers_Ic2ylSC.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230408104009/https://dnpwc.gov.np/media/files/Status_of_Tigers_Ic2ylSC.pdf|author=DNPWC & DFSC}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230408104009/https://dnpwc.gov.np/media/files/Status_of_Tigers_Ic2ylSC.pdf |date=2023-04-08 }}</ref> |- | {{Bratach|Thailand}} [[An Téalainn]]|| 2022 || align="right" |148–189<ref name=":5" /> |- | {{Bratach|Malaysia}} [[An Mhalaeisia]]|| 2022 || align="right" |<150<ref name=":5" /> |- | {{Bratach|Bhutan}} [[An Bhútáin]]|| 2022 || align="right" |131<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|author=Department of Forests and Park Services|date=2023|title=National Tiger Survey 2021–22|publisher=Rialtas na Bútaine|location=Thimphu}}</ref> |- | {{Bratach|Bangladesh}} [[An Bhanglaidéis]]|| 2022|| align="right" |118–122<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|author=Begum, S.|date=30 Iúil 2024|title=Tiger population in Sundarban rises by 8-10pc in 2024|publisher=Daily Observer|url=https://www.observerbd.com/news.php?id=482816}}</ref> |- | {{Bratach|China}} [[An tSín]]|| 2022 || align="right"|>60<ref name=":5" /> |- | {{Bratach|Myanmar}} [[Maenmar]]|| 2022 || align="right" |28<ref name=":5" /> |- | '''Iomlán'''|| || align="right" |'''5,638–5,899''' |} Tá an chuma ar an scéal nach bhfuil ach 5000-7000 tíogar fágtha ar domhan. Meastar go bhfuil níos lú na 2500 tíogar fásta sa nádúr. Timpeall na bliana 1900 bhí 100,000 tíogar ann. Bhí naoi bhfospeiceas ann tráth. Ach tá tíogar Bhailí, an tíogar Iávach agus an tíogar Caispeach imithe in éag. Níl ach sé fhospeiceas ann anois, agus iad uile i mbaol: * An [[Tíogar Bheangál]]:<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Bengal tiger|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bengal_tiger|journal=Wikipedia|date=2024-12-11|language=en}}</ref> níos lú na 2000 fágtha * An [[Tíogar Ind-Síneach]]:<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Indochinese tiger|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indochinese_tiger|journal=Wikipedia|date=2024-09-12|language=en}}</ref> 1200-1800 * An [[Tíogar Malaech]]:<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Malayan tiger|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malayan_tiger|journal=Wikipedia|date=2024-12-28|language=en}}</ref> 600-800 * An [[Tíogar Sumatrach]]: 400-500 * An [[Tíogar Amúrach]] (sa [[An tSibéir|tSibéir]]): 400-550. Sna 1940idí ní raibh ach 40 tíogar Amúrach fágtha ach tá suas le 550 ann anois mar cuireadh stop leis an sealgaireacht. * [[Tíogar na Síne Theas]]:<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=South China tiger|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_China_tiger|journal=Wikipedia|date=2024-11-27|language=en}}</ref> díobhaí sa nádúr; 59 i zúnna Tá a ghnáthóg á chailliúint ag an tíogar. Tá an fuadach tíograch coitianta agus maraítear tíogair beagnach gach lá mar úsáidtear a bhfionnadh agus a gcoirp sa leigheas traidisiúnta. == Féach freisin == * An [[Tíogar Sumatrach]] agus an [[Tíogar Amúrach]] * [[An Tíogar Ceilteach]] == Tagairtí == {{Reflist}} == Leabharliosta == * {{Citation |last=Thapar |first=V. |title=Tiger: The Ultimate Guide |date=2004 |url=https://archive.org/details/tigerultimategui0000thap/mode/2up |place=Deilí Nua |publisher=CDS Books |isbn=1-59315-024-5}} * {{Citation |last=Green |first=S. |title=Tiger |date=2006 |issue=2 |place=Londain |publisher=Reaktion Books |isbn=978-1-86189-276-8}} * {{Citation |title=The Encyclopedia of Mammals |date=2001 |issue=2 |editor-last=MacDonald |editor-first=D. |place=Oxford |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-7607-1969-5}} * {{Citation |last=Tilson |first=R. |title=Tigers of the World: The Science, Politics and Conservation of Panthera tigris |date=2010 |issue=2 |place=Londain |publisher=Academic Press |isbn=978-0-08-094751-8 |last2=Nyhus |first2=P. J.}} * {{Citation |last=Mills |first=S. |title=Tiger |date=2004 |url=https://archive.org/details/tiger0000mill/mode/2up |archive-url= |place=Richmond Hill |publisher=Firefly Books |isbn=1-55297-949-0}} * {{Citation |last=Schaller |first=G. B. |title=The Deer and the Tiger: A Study of Wildlife in India |date=1967 |url=https://archive.org/details/deertigerstudyof0000scha/page/n419/mode/2up |place=Chicago |publisher=University of Chicago Press |isbn=0-226-73631-8}} * {{Citation |last=Seidensticker |first=J |title=Riding the Tiger: Tiger Conservation in Human-Dominated Landscapes |date=1999 |url=https://archive.org/details/ridingtigertiger00unse |place=Cambridge |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-64835-6 |last2=Christie |first2=S |last3=Jackson |first3=P}} * {{Citation |last=Sludskii |first=A. A. |title=Tiger Panthera tigris Linnaeus, 1758 |date=1992 |work=Mlekopitajuščie Sovetskogo Soiuza. Moskva: Vysšaia Škola [Mamaigh an Aontais Shóivéadaigh] |volume=II, Part 2. Carnivora (Hyaenas and Cats) |pages=95–202 |editor-last=Heptner |editor-first=V. G. |editor-last2=Sludskii |editor-first2=A. A. |url=https://archive.org/stream/mammalsofsov221992gept#page/94/mode/2up |place=Washington DC |publisher=Smithsonian Institution and the National Science Foundation |isbn=978-90-04-08876-4}} {{síol ainmhí}} [[Catagóir:Tíogair]] [[Catagóir:Cait]] ot2ia4iwgk1ti2rr1lrajwa9qnibgfl 1321732 1321723 2026-07-26T20:42:40Z An Sionnach Rua 29036 Leanann an t-aistriúchán ar aghaidh 1321732 wikitext text/x-wiki {{WD Bosca Sonraí Ainmhí Bheo}} [[File:A walk with the Tigress.webm|thumb|right|tíogar]] Is cat mór é an '''tíogar''' ('''''Panthera tigris''''')<ref name="Tearma">{{Cite web-en|url=https://www.tearma.ie/q/Panthera%20tigris/|title=“Panthera tigris” {{!}} téarma.ie|publisher=[[An Coiste Téarmaíochta]]|work=[[Téarma.ie]]: An Bunachar Náisiúnta Téarmaíochta don Ghaeilge|access-date=2023-06-26}}</ref><ref name="Linn1758" /> ar ball é den ghéineas ''[[Panthera]]'' a thagann ón [[An Áise|Áise]] ó dhúchas. Tá corp láidir agus matánach aige a bhfuil ceann agus lapaí móra, eireaball fada agus fionnadh flannbhuí le stríoca dubha atá ceartingearach don chuid is mó air. Rangaítear in naoi [[Fospeiceas|bhfospeiceas]] [[Holaicéineach|reatha]] é go traidisiúnta cé nach n-aithníonn roinnt daoine agus eagraíochtaí ach an dá fhospeiceas, tíogair na mórthíre Áisí agus tíogair oileáin na [[Oileáin Sunda|nOileán Sunda]]. Cuireann an tíogar faoi i bhforaoisí den chuid is mó, idir [[Foraois leathanduilleach agus mheasctha mheasartha|foraoisí leathanduilleacha agus measctha measartha]] agus [[Cónaiféar|buaircíneach]] i [[Cianoirthear na Rúise|gCianoirthear na Rúise]] agus [[Oirthuaisceart na Síne]] agus [[Foraois leathanduilleach thais thrópaiceach agus fhothrópaiceach|foraoisí leathanduilleacha taise trópaiceacha agus fothrópaiceacha]] i [[Fo-ilchríoch na hIndia|bhfo-ilchríoch na hIndia]] agus in [[Oirdheisceart na hÁise]]. Is [[buaicchreachadóir]] é an tíogar a chreachann [[Crúbach|crúbaigh]] roimh a ndéanann sé luíochán go príomha. Caitheann sé saol atá aonarach go hiondúil agus bíonn [[raon baile]] a chosnaíonn sé roimh indibhidiúil den ghnéas chéanna aige. Forluíonn raon an fhireannaigh raoin go leor baineannach lena chúplálann sé. De ghnáth, beireann an baineannach idir dhá agus trí choileán a fhanann lena máthair ar feadh dhá bhliain. Nuair a bhíonn na coileáin neamhspleách, fágann siad raon baile a máthar agus bunaíonn siad a raon féin. Ó bhlianta luaithe na fichiú haoise, is in ísle a ndeachaigh raon baile na dtíogar agus ar a laghad 93% dá raon stairiúil caillte acu; tá siad [[Díothú áitiúil|díothaithe go háitiúil]] in [[Iarthar na hÁise|Iarthar]] agus i [[Lár na hÁise]] agus i gcodanna móra na [[An tSín|Síne]] chomh maith leis na hoileáin [[Iáva]] agus [[Bailí]]. Tá raon an tíogair scoilte go dona sa lá atá inniu ann. Liostaítear mar [[Speiceas i mbaol (Stádas AICD)|speiceas i mbaol]] é ar [[Liosta Dearg an AICD de Speicis i mBaol]] mar meastar gur laghdaigh a raon idir 53% go 68% ó bhí na 1990idí déanacha ann. Tá go leor bagairtí móra ag cur le stádas reatha na dtíogar idir [[Scriosadh gnáthóige|scriosadh]] agus [[Ilroinnt gnáthóige|ilroinnt a ngnáthóige]] mar gheall ar [[Dífhoraoisiú|dhífhoraoisiú]], [[póitseáil]] ar son a bhfionnaidh agus trádáil mhídhleathach a gcodanna coirp ar mhaithe le cúrsaí leighis. Is íospartaigh na [[An choinbhleacht daonna-fiadhúlra|coinbhleachta daonna-fiadhúlra]] iad na tíogair fosta mar ionsaíonn agus creachann siad an beostoc i gceantair nach bhfuil mórán creach nádúrtha le fáil iontu. Tá cosaint dhlíthiúil ag an tíogar in chuile thír laistigh dá raon. Cuimsíonn cuir chuige náisiúnta pleananna gníomhaíochta, [[patróil fhrith-phóitseála]] agus scéimeanna monatóireachta líon na dtíogar. Bunaíodh [[Conair fhiadhúlra|conairí fiadhúlra]] i gcuid mhaith de na tíortha laistigh dá raon agus tá athbhunú tíogar pleanáilte iontu.<ref name=":3">{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Panthera tigris|url=https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/15955/214862019|date=2021-12-15|doi=10.2305/iucn.uk.2022-1.rlts.t15955a214862019.en|language=en|author=Goodrich, J., Wibisono, H., Miquelle, D., Lynam, A.J., Sanderson, E., Chapman, S., Gray, T.N.E., Chanchani, P. & Harihar, A.|journal=The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species|publisher=IUCN}}</ref> Tá an tíogar ar cheann de na [[Mórfhána carasmatach|mórfhánaí carasmatacha]] is mó a bhfuil tóir air ar fud an domhain. Bhíodh an tíogar i ngéibheann ón chéad lá riamh agus traenáladh é chun seónna a chur ar fáil i [[Sorcas|sorcais]] agus cláracha siamsaíochta eile. Chonacthas an tíogar go forleathan i [[miotaseolaíocht]] agus i [[Béaloideas|mbéaloideas]] ársa na gcultúr fud fad a raon stairiúil agus [[Léirithe cultúrtha an tíogair|chonacthas fós i gcultúr]] ar fud an domhain é sa lá atá inniu ann. == Sanasaíocht == Síolraíonn an [[Seanbhéarla]] ''tigras'' ón [[Seanfhraincis|tSeanfhraincis]] ''tigre'', ón [[An Laidin|Laidin]] ''tigris'', ar iasacht é de ''tigris'' ([[An tSean-Ghréigis|Sean-Ghréigis]]: τίγρις).<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|author=Liddell, H. G. & Scott, R. (Sir Henry Stuart Jones, Roderick McKenzie eag.)|date=1940|url=https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3Dti%2Fgris|title="τίγρις".|journal=A Greek-English Lexicon|publisher=Clarendon Press|location=Oxford|accessdate=21 Feabhra 2021}}</ref> Ón aimsir ársa, meastar go síolraíonn an focal ''tigris'' ón fhocal [[An Airméinis|Arméiniseach]] nó [[An Pheirsis|Pheirsiseach]] ar 'saighead' ar féidir leis a bheith ina bhunús d'ainm abhainn na [[An Tígris|Tigrise]].<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|author=Varro, M. T.; Kent, R. G.|date=1938|url=https://archive.org/details/onlatinlanguage01varruoft/page/96/mode/2up|title="De lingua latina" [On the Latin Language]|journal="XX. Ferarum vocabula" [XX. The names of wild beasts]|pages=lgh. 94-97|publisher=W. Heinemann|location=Londain}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Naming the Tiger in the Early Modern World|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/26560471|journal=Renaissance Quarterly|date=2017|issn=0034-4338|pages=977–1006|volume=70|issue=3|author=David Thorley|doi=10.1086/693884. JSTOR 26560471}}</ref> Sa lá atá inniu ann, áfach, glactar leis gur comhainm atá iontu agus nach bhfuil gaol ar bith ann idir ainm an ainmhí agus na habhann.<ref name=":0" /> == Tacsanomaíocht == Rinne an luibheolaí Sulannach [[Carl von Linné]] an chéad chur síos eolaíoch ar an tíogar ina shaothar ''[[Systema Naturae]]'', áit a fuair sé an [[Ainmníocht dhéthéarmach|t-ainm déthéarmach]] ''Felis tigris'', mar ba ghnách ag an am an géineas ''Felis'' a úsáid le haghaidh na cait ar fad. Bunaítear an [[cur síos eolaíoch]] ar chuir síos a rinne nádúraithe níos luaithe amhail [[Conrad Gessner]] agus [[Ulisse Aldrovandi]].<ref name="Linn1758">{{luaigh foilseachán|author=Linnaeus, C.|year=1758|title=[https://archive.org/stream/mobot31753000798865#page/41/mode/2up "Felis tigris"] Caroli Linnæi Systema naturæ per regna tria naturæ, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis|volume=Tomus I|location=Holmiae|publisher=Laurentius Salvius|language=la|issue=decima, reformata|pages=lch. 41}}</ref> Is in 1929 a chuir [[Reginald Innes Pocock]] an speiceas sa ghéineas ''[[Panthera]]'' faoin ainm dhéthéarmach ''Panthera tigris''.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|author=Pocock, R. I.|date=1929|title=Tigers|journal=Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society|volume=33|issue=3|pages=lgh. 505–541|url=https://archive.org/details/journalofbomb33341929bomb/page/n133}}</ref><ref name=":2" /> === Fospeiceas === {{Anchor|Pobail}}Moladh naoi [[Fospeiceas|bhfospeiceas]] tíogar [[Holaicéineach|reatha]] idir luathbhlianta na 19ú hAois agus na 21ú hAois agus is iad sin an [[tíogar Bheangál]], [[Tíogar Malaech|Malaech]], [[Tíogar Ind-Síneach|Ind-Síneach]], [[Tíogar na Síne Theas|na Síne Theas]], [[Tíogar Amúrach|Amúrach]], [[Tíogar Caispeach|Caispeach]], [[Tíogar Iávach|Iávach]], [[Tíogar Bailí|Bailí]] agus [[Tíogar Sumatrach|Sumatrach]].<ref name="MSW3">{{Luaigh foilseachán|author=[[W. Chris Wozencraft|Wozencraft, W. C.]]|date=2005|title=Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference|issue=3|publisher=Johns Hopkins University Press ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0. OCLC 62265494.|pages=lch. 546|coauthors=[http://www.departments.bucknell.edu/biology/resources/msw3/browse.asp?id=14000259 "Species ''Panthera tigris''"] In [[Don E. Wilson|Wilson, D. E.]]; Reeder, D. M. (eag.)|url=http://www.google.com/books?id=JgAMbNSt8ikC&pg=PA546}}</ref><ref name=Wilting2015/> Ceistíodh [[Bailíocht ainmnithe (zó-eolaíocht)|bailíocht]] cuid mhaith de na fospeicis mar bhí sé de nós an tráth sin iad a idirdhealú bunaithe ar dhath agus fhaid an fhionnaidh, patrúin stríoca agus méid na n-eiseamlár i mbailiúcháin [[Iarsmalann stair an dúlra|iarsmalanna stair an dúlra]] ar féidir nach n-ionadaíonn siad an pobal ar fad. Moladh gur cheart dhá fhospeiceas bailí tíogar a aithint, is iad sin ''P. t. tigris'' ar mhórthír na hÁise agus an speiceas níos lú ''P. t. sondaica'' sna [[Na hOileáin Sunda Mór|hOileáin Sunda Mór]].<ref name="Kitchener1999">Kitchener, A. (1999). "Tiger distribution, phenotypic variation and conservation issues" in {{harvnb|Seidensticker|Christie|Jackson|1999|lgh=19–39|lua=ref=Seidensticker, J.; Christie, S.; Jackson, P.}}, lgh. 19-39</ref> D'athdhearbhaíodh an moladh dhá fhospeicis arís sa bhliain 2015 trí anailís chuimsitheach a dhéanamh ar thréithe moirfeolaíocha, éiceolaíocha agus ADN miteacoindreacha (mtADN) chuile fhospeiceas toimhdean tíogar.<ref name="Wilting2015">{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Planning tiger recovery: Understanding intraspecific variation for effective conservation|url=https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4640610/|journal=Science Advances|date=Mí an Mheithimh 2015|issn=2375-2548|pmc=4640610|pmid=26601191|pages=e1400175|volume=1|issue=5|doi=10.1126/sciadv.1400175|author=Wilting, A.; Courtiol, A.; Christiansen, P.; Niedballa, J.; Scharf, A. K.; Orlando, L.; Balkenhol, N.; Hofer, H.; Kramer-Schadt, S.; Fickel, J. & Kitchener, A. C.}}</ref> In 2017, d'athbhreithnigh Tascfhórsa Catrangaithe Ghrúpa Sainréimse Cat an AICD tacsanomaíocht ''felid'' de réir an mholta dhá fhospeicis 2015 agus níor aithníodh ach ''P. t. tigris'' agus ''P. t. sondaica'' amháin.<ref name="catsg">{{Luaigh foilseachán|author=Kitchener, A. C.; Breitenmoser-Würsten, C.; Eizirik, E.; Gentry, A.; Werdelin, L.; Wilting, A.; Yamaguchi, N.; Abramov, A. V.; Christiansen, P.; Driscoll, C.; Duckworth, J. W.; Johnson, W.; Luo, S.-J.; Meijaard, E.; O'Donoghue, P.; Sanderson, J.; Seymour, K.; Bruford, M.; Groves, C.; Hoffmann, M.; Nowell, K.; Timmons, Z. & Tobe, S.|date=2017|url=https://repository.si.edu/bitstream/handle/10088/32616/A_revised_Felidae_Taxonomy_CatNews.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y#page=66|title=A revised taxonomy of the Felidae: The final report of the Cat Classification Task Force of the IUCN Cat Specialist Group (PDF).|journal=Cat News (Special Issue 11)|pages=lgh. 66-68}}</ref> Léirigh torthaí staidéar seicheamhaithe géinte iomláin 2018 de 32 sampla ón sé fhospeiceas toimhdean beo—an tíogar Bheangál, Malaech, Ind-Síneach, na Síne Theas, Amúrach agus Sumatrach—gur [[Clád|cláid]] shoiléire faoi leith iad.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Genome-Wide Evolutionary Analysis of Natural History and Adaptation in the World’s Tigers|url=https://www.cell.com/current-biology/abstract/S0960-9822(18)31214-4|journal=Current Biology|date=2018|issn=0960-9822|pmid=30482605|pages=3840–3849.e6|volume=28|issue=23|doi=10.1016/j.cub.2018.09.019|language=English|author=Liu, Y.-C.; Sun, X.; Driscoll, C.; Miquelle, D. G.; Xu, X.; Martelli, P.; Uphyrkina, O.; Smith, J. L. D.; O'Brien, S. J. & Luo, S.-J.}}</ref> Chomhthacaíodh leis na torthaí arís in 2021 agus 2023.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Recent Evolutionary History of Tigers Highlights Contrasting Roles of Genetic Drift and Selection|url=https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8136513/|journal=Molecular Biology and Evolution|date=2021|issn=1537-1719|pmc=8136513|pmid=33592092|pages=2366–2379|volume=38|issue=6|doi=10.1093/molbev/msab032|author=Armstrong, E. E.; Khan, A.; Taylor, R. W.; Gouy, A.; Greenbaum, G.; Thiéry, A; Kang, J. T.; Redondo, S. A.; Prost, S.; Barsh, G.; Kaelin, C.; Phalke, S.; Chugani, A.; Gilbert, M.; Miquelle, D.; Zachariah, A.; Borthakur, U.; Reddy, A.; Louis, E.; Ryder, O. A.; Jhala, Y. V.; Petrov, D.; Excoffier, L.; Hadly, E. & Ramakrishnan, U.}}</ref><ref name="Wang2023">{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Population genomic analysis provides evidence of the past success and future potential of South China tiger captive conservation|url=https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10111772/|journal=BMC biology|date=2023|issn=1741-7007|pmc=10111772|pmid=37069598|pages=64|volume=21|issue=1|doi=10.1186/s12915-023-01552-y|author=Wang, C.; Wu, D. D.; Yuan, Y. H.; Yao, M. C.; Han, J. L.; Wu, Y. J.; Shan, F.; Li, W. P.; Zhai, J. Q.; Huang, M; Peng, S. H.; Cai, Q .H.; Yu, J. Y.; Liu, Q. X.; Lui, Z. Y.; Li, L. X.; Teng, M. S.; Huang, W.; Zhou, J. Y.; Zhang, C.; Chen, W. & Tu, X. L.}}</ref> Léirigh staidéar sa bhliain 2023 go bhfuil bailíocht ag an naoi bhfospeiceas reatha ar fad.<ref name=":1">{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Ancient DNA reveals genetic admixture in China during tiger evolution|url=https://www.nature.com/articles/s41559-023-02185-8|journal=Nature Ecology & Evolution|date=2023-11|issn=2397-334X|pages=1914–1929|volume=7|issue=11|doi=10.1038/s41559-023-02185-8|language=en|author=Sun, X.; Liu, Y.-C.; Tiunov, M. P.; Gimranov, D. O.; Zhuang, Y.; Han, Y.; Driscoll, C. A.; Driscoll, C. A.; Pang, Y.; Li, C.; Pan, Y; Velasco, M. S.; Gopalakrishnan, S.; Yang, R.-Z.; Li, B.-G.; Jin, K.; Xu, X.; Uphyrkina, O.; Huang, Y.; Wu, X.-H.; Gilbert, M. T. P.; O'Brien, S. J.; Yamaguchi, N. & Luo, S.-J.}}</ref> Deir an Grúpa Sainréimse Cat "Given the varied interpretations of data, the [subspecific] taxonomy of this species is currently under review by the IUCN SSC Cat Specialist Group." nó i nGaeilge "Mar gheall ar na léirmhínithe éagsúla ar an dáta, tá Grúpa Sainréimse Cat SSC an AICD ag déanamh athbhreithnithe ar thacsanomaíocht [fospeiceasach] an speicis seo".<ref>{{Lua idirlín|teideal=Tiger|url=http://www.catsg.org/index.php?id=124|work=www.catsg.org|dátarochtana=2025-11-27|language=|údar=CatSG|archivedate=2014-11-12|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141112171012/http://www.catsg.org/index.php?id=124}}</ref> Tá na táblaí thíos bunaithe ar [[Tacsanomaíocht (bitheolaíocht)|rangú]] an tíogair mar a bhí in 2005<ref name=MSW3/> agus tugann siad rangú 2017 an Tascfhórsa Catrangaithe le fios chomh maith.<ref name=catsg/>{{clear}} {| class="wikitable" |+ style="text-align: centre;" | ''Panthera tigris tigris'' {{small|(Linnaeus, 1758)}}<ref name=Linn1758/> ! Pobal !! Cur síos !! Íomhá |- style="vertical-align: top;" | [[Tíogar Bheangál]] {{small|ainm déthéarmach ''P. t. tigris'' (von Linné, 1758)}}<ref name="Linn1758" /> | | Cuireann an pobal seo faoi ar [[fo-ilchríoch na hIndia|fho-ilchríoch na hIndia]].<ref name="Jackson1996">{{Luaigh foilseachán|author=Nowell, K. & Jackson, P.|date=1996|url=https://portals.iucn.org/library/sites/library/files/documents/1996-008.pdf#page=80|title="Tiger, Panthera tigris (Linnaeus, 1758)" (PDF).|volume=|pages=lgh. 55-65|publisher=IUCN. ISBN 2-8317-0045-0|location=Gland, Switzerland|journal=Wild Cats: Status Survey and Conservation Action Plan}}</ref> Tá fionnadh níos giorra ar an tíogar Bheangál ná mar atá orthu níos faide ó thuaidh<ref name=":2">{{Luaigh foilseachán|author=Pocock, R. I.|date=1939|url=https://archive.org/stream/PocockMammalia1/pocock1#page/n247/mode/2up|title="Panthera tigris"|journal=The Fauna of British India, Including Ceylon and Burma. Vol. Mammalia|volume=Vol. 1|pages=lgh. 197–210|publisher=T. Taylor and Francis, Ltd|location=Londain}}</ref>, le dath idir [[ciarbhuí]] agus cróchdhearg air<ref name=":2" /><ref>{{cite report|title=Indian National Studbook of the Bengal Tiger (''Panthera tigris tigris'') |publisher=Central Zoo Authority, Wildlife Institute of India |date=2011 |url=https://cza.nic.in/uploads/documents/studbooks/english/Bengal%20Tiger%20Studbook%202011.pdf |last1=Srivastav|first1=A. |last2=Malviya |first2=M. |last3=Tyagi |first3=P. C.|last4=Nigam |first4=P. |name-list-style=amp |access-date=27 May 2024}}</ref> agus polláirí atá measartha fada agus caol.<ref name="Mazák2010"/> | |[[File:Adult male Royal Bengal tiger.jpg|frameless]] |- style="vertical-align: top;" | [[Extinction|†]] [[Tíogar Caispeach]] {{small|ainm déthéarmach ''P. t. virgata'' ([[Johann Karl Wilhelm Illiger|Illiger]], 1815)}}<ref name="Illiger">{{Luaigh foilseachán|author=Illiger, K.|date=1815|title=Überblick der Säugethiere nach ihrer Verteilung über die Welttheile|journal=Abhandlungen der Königlichen Preußischen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin 1804–1811|pages=lgh. 39-159|publisher=Realschul-Buchhandlung|location=Berlin|url=https://bibliothek.bbaw.de/digitalisierte-sammlungen/akademieschriften/ansicht-akademieschriften?tx_bbaw_academicpublicationshow%5Baction%5D=show&tx_bbaw_academicpublicationshow%5Bcontroller%5D=AcademicPublication%5CVolume&tx_bbaw_academicpublicationshow%5Bpage%5D=195&tx_bbaw_academicpublicationshow%5Bvolume%5D=85&cHash=f015ec3f9a13240a9559ebdcb88aafa4}}</ref> | |Bhíodh an pobal seo ag cur faoi ón Túirc go dtí an [[Muir Chaisp|Mhuir Chaisp]].<ref name=Jackson1996/> Bhí fionnadh geal meirgeach rua air le stríoca tanaí a bhí an-ghar dá gcéile<ref>{{Harvnb|Sludskii|1992}}, lch. 137.</ref> agus [[cnámh cúlphlaice]] leathan.<ref name=Kitchener1999/> Nocht anailís ghéiniteach gur garghaol leis an tíogar Amúrach a bhí ann.<ref name="Driscoll2009">{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Mitochondrial Phylogeography Illuminates the Origin of the Extinct Caspian Tiger and Its Relationship to the Amur Tiger|url=https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0004125|journal=PLOS ONE|date=14 Ean 2009|issn=1932-6203|pmc=2624500|pmid=19142238|pages=e4125|volume=4|issue=1|doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0004125|language=en|author=Driscoll, C. A.; Yamaguchi, N.; Bar-Gal, G. K.; Roca, A. L.; Luo, S.; MacDonald, D. W. & O'Brien, S. J.}}</ref> Tá pobal an tíogair seo díothaithe ó bhí na 1970idí ann.<ref name=Seidensticker1999/> | |[[File:Panthera tigris virgata.jpg|frameless]] |- style="vertical-align: top;" | [[Tíogar Amúrach]] {{small|ainm déthéarmach ''P. t. altaica'' ([[Coenraad Jacob Temminck|Temminck]], 1844)}}<ref name="Temminck">{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Aperçu général et spécifique sur les Mammifères qui habitent le Japon et les Iles qui en dépendent|url=https://archive.org/details/faunajaponicasi00sieb/page/43|publisher=Lugduni Batavorum : Apud Auctorem|date=1844|coauthors=In Siebold, P. F. v.; Temminck, C. J.; Schlegel, H. (eag.).; Museum of Comparative Zoology Harvard University|author=Siebold, P. F. v.; Haan, W. de.; Temminck, C. J.; Schlegel, H.|journal=Fauna japonica, sive, Descriptio animalium, quae in itinere per Japoniam, jussu et auspiciis, superiorum, qui summum in India Batava imperium tenent, suscepto, annis 1823-1830|location=Leiden}}</ref> | |Tá cónaí ar an phobal seo tíogar i [[Cianoirthear na Rúise|gCianoirthear na Rúise]], in [[Oirthuaisceart na Síne]] agus b'fhéidir sa [[An Chóiré Thuaidh|Chóiré Thuaidh]].<ref name=Jackson1996/> Tá gruaig fhada agus fionnadh tiubh ar an tíogar Amúrach.<ref name=Temminck/> Athraíonn a dhath talún ó [[ócar]]-buí sa gheimhreadh go dath atá níos rua agus níos beoga tar éis dó a fhionnadh a chur.<ref>{{Harvnb|Sludskii|1992}}, lch. 131.</ref> Tá an blaosc níos giorra agus níos leithne ná blaoscanna na dtíogar ó dheas.<ref name="Mazák2010">{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Craniometric variation in the tiger (Panthera tigris): Implications for patterns of diversity, taxonomy and conservation|url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1616504708000621|journal=Mammalian Biology|date=2010-01-01|issn=1616-5047|pages=45–68|volume=75|issue=1|doi=10.1016/j.mambio.2008.06.003|author=Ji H. Mazák}}</ref> | |[[File:P.t.altaica Tomak Male.jpg|frameless]] |- style="vertical-align: top;" | [[Tíogar na Síne Theas]] {{small|ainm déthéarmach ''P. t. amoyensis'' ([[Max Hilzheimer|Hilzheimer]], 1905)}}<ref name=Hilzheimer>{{cite journal |last=Hilzheimer |first=M. |date=1905 |title=Über einige Tigerschädel aus der Straßburger zoologischen Sammlung |journal=Zoologischer Anzeiger |volume=28 |pages=594–599 |url=https://archive.org/details/zoologischeranze28deut/page/596}}</ref> | |Bhí an tíogar seo le fáil ó dheas i lár na Síne.<ref name=Jackson1996/> Bhí blaoscanna ag an chúig [[Eiseamláir an chineáil|eiseamláir cineáil]] a raibh fiacla [[Fiacla carnasacha|carnasacha]] agus [[cúlfhiacail]] níos giorra acu ná tíogair ón India, cráiniam níos lú, [[logall súile]] a luigh níos gaire dá gcéile le [[Starr iar-logall súile|stairr iar-logall súile]] níos mó; bhíodh a chraicinn sách buí le stríoca a bhí cosúil le [[rombas]].<ref name=Hilzheimer/> Tá [[haplaitíopa]] mtADN faoi leith aige de bharr a phóraithe le seanghinealaigh tíogar.<ref name=catsg/><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":4">{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=An extinct and deeply divergent tiger lineage from northeastern China recognized through palaeogenomics|url=https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9326283/|journal=Proceedings. Biological Sciences|date=2022-07-27|issn=1471-2954|pmc=9326283|pmid=35892215|pages=20220617|volume=289|issue=1979|doi=10.1098/rspb.2022.0617|author=Jiaming Hu, Michael V. Westbury, Junxia Yuan, Chunxue Wang, Bo Xiao, Shungang Chen, Shiwen Song, Linying Wang, Haifeng Lin, Xulong Lai, Guilian Sheng}}</ref> Tá sé díothaithe san fhiántas mar nach bhfacthas go hoifigiúil ó bhí na 1970idí ann,<ref name=":3" /> agus ní mhaireann sé ach i ngéibheann anois.<ref name=Wang2023/> | |[[File:2012 Suedchinesischer Tiger.JPG|frameless]] |- style="vertical-align: top;" | [[Tíogar Ind-Síneach]] {{small|ainm déthéarmach ''P. t. corbetti'' ([[Vratislav Mazák|Mazák]], 1968)}}<ref name="Mazak1968">{{cite journal |last=Mazák|first=V.|date=1968|title=Nouvelle sous-espèce de tigre provenant de l'Asie du sud-est|journal=Mammalia|volume=32|issue=1|pages=104–112|doi=10.1515/mamm.1968.32.1.104}}</ref> | |Faightear pobal an tíogair seo ar an [[Leithinis Ind-Síneach]].<ref name=Jackson1996/> Tá cráiniam níos lú ná ceann an tíogair Bheangál ag eiseamláir an tíogair Ind-Sínigh agus is cosúil go bhfuil fionnadh níos dorcha le stríoca níos tanaí orthu.<ref name=Mazak1968/><ref name="mazak06">{{cite journal|last1=Mazák|first1=J. H.|last2=Groves|first2=C. P.|name-list-style=amp|date=2006|title=A taxonomic revision of the tigers (''Panthera tigris'') of Southeast Asia|journal=Mammalian Biology|volume=71|issue=5|pages=268–287|doi=10.1016/j.mambio.2006.02.007|bibcode=2006MamBi..71..268M|url=http://www.dl.edi-info.ir/A%20taxonomic%20revision%20of%20the%20tigers%20of%20Southeast%20Asia.pdf|access-date=15 January 2024|archive-date=31 May 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230531133543/http://www.dl.edi-info.ir/A%20taxonomic%20revision%20of%20the%20tigers%20of%20Southeast%20Asia.pdf|url-status=live|author=Mazák, J. H. & Groves, C. P.}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230531133543/http://www.dl.edi-info.ir/A%20taxonomic%20revision%20of%20the%20tigers%20of%20Southeast%20Asia.pdf |date=31 Bealtaine 2023 }}</ref> | |[[File:Panthera tigris corbetti (Tierpark Berlin) 832-714-(118).jpg|frameless]] |- style="vertical-align: top;" | [[Tíogar Malaech]] {{small|ainm déthéarmach ''P. t. jacksoni'' (Luo et al., 2004)}}<ref name="Luo04">{{cite journal |date=2004|title=Phylogeography and genetic ancestry of tigers (''Panthera tigris'')|journal=[[PLOS Biology]]|volume=2|issue=12|pmid=15583716|pmc=534810|doi=10.1371/journal.pbio.0020442|author=Luo, S.-J.; Kim, J.-H.; Johnson, W. E.; van der Walt, J.; Martenson, J.; Yuhki, N.; Miquelle, D. G.; Uphyrkina, O.; Goodrich, J. M.; Quigley, H. B.; Tilson, R.; Brady, G.; Martelli, P.; Subramaniam, V.; McDougal, C.; Hean, S.; Huang, S.-Q.; Pan, W.; Karanth, U. K.; Sunquist, M.; Smith, J. L. D. & O'Brien, S. J.|pages=e442}}</ref> | |Moladh an tíogar Malaech mar fhospeiceas faoi leith bunaithe ar dhifríocht idir a mtADN agus a mhionsheichimh satailíte agus iad an tíogair Ind-Sínigh.<ref name=Luo04/> Níl difríocht rómhór idir dath a fhionnaidh ná méid a bhlaoisc agus iad an tíogair Ind-Sínigh ach an oiread.<ref name=mazak06/> Níl aon teorainn shoiléir idir phobail tíogar i dtuaisceart na [[An Mhalaeis|Malaeise]] agus deisceart na [[An Téalainn|Téalainne]].<ref name=":3" /> | |[[File:2012-09-15 Tierpark Berlin 26 (cropped).jpg|frameless]] |} {| class="wikitable" |+ style="text-align: centre;" | ''Panthera tigris sondaica'' {{small|(Temminck, 1844)}}<ref name=catsg/> ! Pobal !! Cur síos !! Íomhá |- style="vertical-align: top;" | †[[Tíogar Iávach]] {{small|ainm déthéarmach ''P. t. sondaica'' (Temminck, 1944)}}<ref name=Temminck/> | |Rinneadh cur síos ar an tíogar seo bunaithe ar líon seithí anaithnid a raibh gruaig ghearr mhín orthu.<ref name=Temminck/> Bhí na tíogair de bhunadh [[Iáva]] measartha beag i gcomparáid le tíogair na mórthíre Áisí, bhí blaoscanna sách fada acu i gcomparáid leis an tíogar Shumatrach agus bhí stríoca níos faide, níos tanaí agus níos iomadúla acu.<ref name=mazak06/> Meastar go bhfuil pobal an tíogair Iávaigh díothaithe ó bhí na 1980idí ann. <ref name=Seidensticker1999/> | |[[File:COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM Een groep mannen en kinderen poseert bij een pas geschoten tijger te Malingping in Bantam West-Java TMnr 10006636.jpg|frameless]] |- style="vertical-align: top;" | †[[Tíogar Bailí]] {{small|ainm déthéarmach ''P. t. balica'' ([[Ernst Schwarz (zoologist)|Schwarz]], 1912)}}<ref name=Schwarz>{{cite journal |last=Schwarz |first=E. |date=1912 |title=Notes on Malay tigers, with description of a new form from Bali |journal=Annals and Magazine of Natural History |pages=324–326 |series=8 |volume=10 |issue=57 |doi=10.1080/00222931208693243 |url=https://archive.org/stream/annalsmagazineof8101912lond#page/324/mode/2up}}</ref> | | Bhíodh an tíogar seo le fáil ar [[Bailí|Bhailí]] agus bhí fionnadh níos gile air agus blaosc níos lú aige ná mar a bhí ag an tíogar Iávach.<ref name=Schwarz/><ref name="der-tiger">{{cite book |author=Mazak, V.|year=2004|title=''Der Tiger''|publisher=Westarp Wissenschaften Hohenwarsleben|location=Madgeburg|isbn=978-3-89432-759-0|language=de}}</ref> Gné tipicúil de bhlaoisc an tíogair Bhailí ná an cnámh cúlphlaice caol atá cosúil le blaosc an tíogar Iávach.<ref>{{cite journal |date=1978|title=Skin and Skull of the Bali Tiger, and a list of preserved specimens of ''Panthera tigris balica'' (Schwarz, 1912)|journal=[[Zeitschrift für Säugetierkunde]]|volume=43|issue=2|pages=108–113|author=Mazák, V.; Groves, C. P. & Van Bree, P.}}</ref> Tá an pobal seo díothaithe ó bhí na 1940idí ann.<ref name="Seidensticker1999">{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Riding the tiger : tiger conservation in human-dominated landscapes|url=http://archive.org/details/ridingtigertiger00unse|publisher=[London] : Zoological Society of London; Cambridge [England]; New York : Cambridge University Press|date=1999|coauthors=Better World Books|author=Seidensticker, J.; Christie, S. & Jackson, P.|pages=lgh. xv-xx}}</ref> | |[[File:Bali tiger zanveld.jpg|frameless]] |- style="vertical-align: top;" | [[Tíogar Sumatrach]] {{small|ainm déthéarmach ''P. t. sumatrae'' ([[Reginald Innes Pocock|Pocock]], 1929)}}<ref name=Pocock1929>{{cite journal |last=Pocock |first=R. I. |date=1929 |title=Tigers |journal=[[Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society]] |volume=33 |pages=505–541 |url=https://archive.org/details/journalofbomb33341929bomb/page/n185}}</ref> | Bhí fionnadh dorcha ar an chéad eiseamlár den tíogar seo arb as [[Sumatra]] dó.<ref name=Pocock1929/> Tá gruaig sách fada um aghaidh an tíogair Shumatraigh<ref name=Jackson1996/> agus tá stríoca tiubha coirp chomh maith le [[cnámh sróine]] níos leithne agus níos lú aige ná mar atá ag na tíogair oileáin eile.<ref name=mazak06/> | |[[File:Panthera tigris sumatrae (Sumatran Tiger) close-up.jpg|frameless]] |} === Éabhlóid === {{Cladogram|{{clade |label1=''[[Panthera]]'' |1={{clade |1={{clade |1=[[Liopard sneachta]] [[File:Schneeleoparden (Panthera uncia) Zoo Salzburg 2014 f white background.jpg|70px]] |2='''Tíogar''' [[File:Tigress in Bandhavgarh NP white background.jpg|70px]] }} |2={{clade |1=[[Iaguar]] [[File:Jaguar (Panthera onca palustris) male Three Brothers River white background.JPG|70px]] |label2=&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |2={{clade |1=[[Liopard]] [[File:Flickr - Rainbirder - Sassy Lassy white background.jpg|70px]] |2=[[Leon]] [[File:Panthera leo -Ngorongoro, Tanzania-8b white background.jpg|70px]] }} }} }} }}|align=right|caption=Fíligineacht an ghéinis ''Panthera'' bunaithe ar staidéar [[ADN núicléach]] ó 2016<ref name=Li_al2016>{{cite journal |date=2016 |title=Phylogenomic evidence for ancient hybridization in the genomes of living cats (Felidae) |journal=Genome Research |volume=26 |issue=1 |pages=1–11 |doi=10.1101/gr.186668.114 |pmid=26518481 |pmc=4691742|author=Li, G.; Davis, B. W.; Eizirik, E.; Murphy, W. J.}}</ref>}}Roinneann an tíogar an géineas ''Panthera'' leis an [[leon]], an [[liopard]], an [[iaguar]] agus an [[liopard sneachta]]. Léiríonn torthaí anailísí ginideacha gur [[comhspeiceas]] iad an tíogar agus an liopard sneachta agus gur scar a [[Ginealach|nginealaigh]] óna gcéile idir 2.70 agus 3.70 milliún bliain ó shin.<ref>{{cite journal |title=Supermatrix and species tree methods resolve phylogenetic relationships within the big cats, ''Panthera'' (Carnivora: Felidae)|url=https://archive.org/details/molecular-phylogenetics-and-evolution_2010-07_56_1/page/68|journal=Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution|year=2010|volume=56|issue=1|pages=64–76|pmid=20138224|doi=10.1016/j.ympev.2010.01.036|bibcode=2010MolPE..56...64D|author=Davis, B. W.; Li, G. & Murphy, W. J.}}</ref> Léiríonn seicheamhú géinte iomláin an tíogair [[Athsheicheamh|athsheichimh]] atá ar chomhthreomhar leo i ngéanóm na gcat eile.<ref>{{Cite journal |title=The tiger genome and comparative analysis with lion and snow leopard genomes|doi=10.1038/ncomms3433|pmid=24045858|pmc=3778509|journal=Nature Communications|volume=4|year=2013|bibcode=2013NatCo...4.2433C|author=Cho, Y. S.; Hu, L.; Hou, H.; Lee, H.; Xu, J.; Kwon, S.; Oh, S.; Kim, H. M.; Jho, S.; Kim, S.; Shin, Y. A.; Kim, B. C.; Kim, H.; Kim, C. U.; Luo, S. J.; Johnson, W. E.; Koepfli, K. P.; Schmidt-Küntzel, A.; Turner, J. A.; Marker, L.; Harper, C.; Miller, S. M.; Jacobs, W.; Bertola, L. D.; Kim, T. H.; Lee, S.; Zhou, Q.; Jung, H. J.; Xu, X. & Gadhvi, P.|pages=2443}}</ref> Rinneadh cur síos ar an speiceas iontaiseach ''[[Panthera palaeosinensis]]'' ón [[Pléisticéineach|Phléisticéineach]] luath i dtuaisceart na Síne mar shinsear féideartha tíogair nuair a aimsíodh é in 1924 ach creideann cláidistíocht an lae inniu go [[Bonnach (fíliginiteach)|bonnspeiceas]] é i gcomparáid le ''Panthera'' na linne seo.<ref name="Mazák">{{cite journal |year=2011|title=Oldest Known Pantherine Skull and Evolution of the Tiger|journal=PLOS ONE|volume=6|issue=10|doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0025483|pmid=22016768|bibcode=2011PLoSO...625483M|pmc=3189913|author=Mazák, J. H.; Christiansen, P. & Kitchener, A. C.|pages=25483}}</ref><ref name="Tseng">{{cite journal |date=2014|title=Himalayan fossils of the oldest known pantherine establish ancient origin of big cats|journal=Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences|volume=281|issue=1774|doi=10.1098/rspb.2013.2686|pmid=24225466|pmc=3843846|author=Tseng, Z. J.; Wang, X.; Slater, G. J.; Takeuchi, G. T.; Li, Q.; Liu, J. & Xie, G.}}</ref> Bhí ''[[Panthera zdanskyi]]'' ina chónaí ann thart ar an am agus an áit chéanna agus moladh gur comhspeiceas leis an tíogar reatha a bhí ann nuair a imscrúdaíodh é sa bhliain 2014.<ref name=Mazák/> Ó 2023 ar aghaidh, áfach, meastar gur comhchiallach é ''P. palaeosinensis'' de ''P. zdanskyi'' in dhá staidéar a rinneadh ina dhiaidh sin nuair a thug siad faoi deara go luíonn na difríochtaí atá aige ón speiceas sin laistigh de réimse na n-éagsúlachtaí indibhidiúla.<ref>{{cite journal |title=The identity of the "lion", ''Panthera principialis'' sp. nov., from the Pliocene Tanzanian site of Laetoli and its significance for molecular dating the pantherine phylogeny, with remarks on Panthera shawi (Broom, 1948), and a revision of Puma incurva (Ewer, 1956), the Early Pleistocene Swartkrans "leopard" (Carnivora, Felidae)|url=|journal=Palaeobiodiversity and Palaeoenvironments|year=2023|volume=103|issue=2|pages=465–487|doi=10.1007/s12549-022-00542-2|bibcode=2023PdPe..103..465H|author=Hemmer, Helmut}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|doi=10.1080/08912963.2022.2034808|title=Discovery of jaguar from northeastern China middle Pleistocene reveals an intercontinental dispersal event|date=2023|journal=Historical Biology|volume=35|issue=3|pages=293–302|bibcode=2023HBio...35..293J|author=Jiangzuo, Q.; Wang, Y.; Ge, J.; Liu, S.; Song, Y.; Jin, C.; Jiang, H. & Liu, J.}}</ref> Is iad blúirí géill a aimsíodh in [[Lantian County|Lantion]] na Síne an nochtadh is luaithe den tíogar reatha sa taifead iontaiseach a théann siar go dtí an Pléisticéineach luath.<ref name=Mazák/> Aimsíodh iontaisí tíogair ón Mheán- go dtí an Luathphléisticéineach fud fad na Síne, Iáva agus Sumatra. I measc na bhfospeiceas réamhstairiúil tá ''[[Panthera tigris trinilensis]]'' agus ''[[Panthera tigris soloensis|P. t. soloensis]]'' de bhunadh Iáva agus Sumatra agus ''[[Panthera tigris acutidens|P. t. acutidens]]'' de bhunadh na Síne; fuarthas iontaisí tíogair ón Phléisticéineach dhéanach agus ón [[An Sealad Holaicéineach|Luathholaicéineach]] i [[Boirneo|mBoirneo]] agus [[Palawan]] na [[Na hOileáin Fhilipíneacha|nOileán Filipíneach]].<ref name="Kitchener2009">Kitchener, A. & Yamaguchi, N. (2009). "What is a Tiger? Biogeography, Morphology, and Taxonomy" in {{harvnb|Tilson|Nyhus|2010|pp=|lgh=}}, lgh. 53–84</ref> Tuairiscítear go bhfuil samplaí den tíogar ón Phléisticéineach Mheán-dheánach a fuarthas sa [[An tSeapáin|tSeapáin]].<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=The Japanese Archipelago sheltered cave lions, not tigers, during the Late Pleistocene|url=https://pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.2523901123|journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences|date=2026-02-10|issn=0027-8424|pmc=12890994|pmid=41587328|volume=123|issue=6|doi=10.1073/pnas.2523901123|language=en|author=Xin Sun, Lanhui Peng, Takumi Tsutaya, Qigao Jiangzuo, Yoshikazu Hasegawa, Yuxin Hou, Yu Han, Yan Zhuang, Nuno Filipe Gomes Martins, Jazmin Ramos Madrigal, Alberto J. Taurozzi, Meaghan Mackie, Gaudry Trochė, Jesper V. Olsen, Enrico Cappellini, Stephen J. O’Brien, M. Thomas P. Gilbert, Nobuyuki Yamaguchi, Shu-Jin Luo}}</ref> Léiríonn torthaí staidéar [[fíleathíreolaíoch]] go bhfuil comhshinsear ag chuile speiceas tíogar beo a bhí beo idir 108,000 agus 72,000 bliain ó shin.<ref name="Luo04" /> Tugann staidéar géinte le fios gur chrap pobal an tíogair thart ar 115,000 bliain ó shin de bharr oighrithe. Síolraíonn pobal reatha na dtíogar ó [[Díseart|dhíseart]] a bhí san Ind-sín agus a leath ar fud na háise tar éis na [[An uasmhéid oighrithe deireanach|huasmhéide oighrithe deireanaí]]. De réir mar a chóilínigh siad oirthuaisceart na Síne, mheasc sinsir an tíogair Ind-sínigh le pobal iarmharach tíogar.<ref name=":4" /><ref name=":1" /> === Hibridí === ''Tuilleadh Eolais: [[Hibridí Feilideacha]] agus [[hibridí Panthera]]'' Is féidir le tíogair idirphórú le cait ''Panthera'' eile agus is amhlaidh atá déanta acu i ngéibheann. Is é an [[leogar]] toradh phóraithe an tíogair bhaininn agus an leoin fhirinn agus is é an [[tígleon]] toradh phóraithe an tíogair fhirinn agus an leoin bhaininn.<ref name="Gabryś">{{cite journal |year=|title=Interspecific hybrids of animals-in nature, breeding and science–a review|journal=Annals of Animal Science|volume=21|issue=2|pages=403–415|doi=10.2478/aoas-2020-0082|author=Gabryś, J.; Kij, B.; Kochan, J. & Bugno-Poniewierska, M.|date=2021|url=https://doi.org/10.2478%2Faoas-2020-0082}}</ref> Cuireann an t-athair leoin géin chur chun cinn an fháis ar aghaidh ach tá géin chomhfhreagrach srianta an fháis ón tíogar bhaineann in easnamh sa mhéad is go bhfásann leogair i bhfad níos mó ná ceachtar de speicis na dtuismitheoirí. Ní chuireann an tíogar fireann géin chur chun cinn an fháis ar aghaidh os a choinne sin cé go gcuireann an leon baineann géin srianta an fháis ar aghaidh; mar sin, bíonn tígleoin thart ar chomh mhéid lena dtuismitheoirí.<ref name="imprinting">{{Lua idirlín|teideal=Genomic Imprinting|url=https://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/epigenetics/imprinting/|dátarochtana=2025-12-01|language=en|foilsitheoir=Genetic Science Learning Center, Utah}}</ref> Toisc gur minic a fhorbraíonn siad éalanga ón bhroinn a mbaineann baol báis leo, glactar le pórú na hibridí mar nós neamheiticiúil.<ref name="Gabryś" /> == Cur síos == [[File:TigerSkelLyd1.png|thumb|left|Creatlach tíogair ó Royal Natural History Imleabhar 1 (1839)|alt=Drawing of tiger skeleton]] Tá morfeolaíocht fheilíneach thipiciúil ag an tíogar a bhfuil corp matánach, cosa giorraithe, géaga tosaigh láidre, lapaí tosaigh leathana, ceann mór agus eireaball atá thart ar leathfhad an choirp eile i bhfad aige.<ref name=":8">{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Panthera tigris|url=https://academic.oup.com/mspecies/article-lookup/doi/10.2307/3504004|journal=Mammalian Species|date=1981|pages=1-8|issue=152|doi=10.2307/3504004|author=Mazák, V.|bibcode=https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1981MamSp.152....1M|id=https://www.jstor.org/stable/3504004}}</ref>{{sfn|Sludskii|1992|p=98}} Tá cúig mhéar aige, [[drúchtchrobh]] ina measc sin, ar na cosa chun tosaigh agus ceithre cinn ar na cosa deiridh, a bhfuil crobha in-aistarraingthe atá fáiscthe agus cuartha ar féidir leo a bheith 10 cm i bhfad aige.<ref name=":8" />{{sfn|Thapar|2004|p=26}} Tá a chuid cluasa cruinn agus tá mac imrisc cruinn ar na súile.<ref name=":8" /> Críochnaíonn an smut i mbarr triantánach a bhfuil poncanna dubha beaga air dá mhéadaíonn a líon agus an tíogar ag dul in aois.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Combination of facial and nose features of Amur tigers to determine age|url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/1749-4877.12817|journal=Integrative Zoology|date=2025-01|issn=1749-4877|pages=186–198|volume=20|issue=1|doi=10.1111/1749-4877.12817|language=en|author=Caiping Zhao, Wenrui Dai, Qiang Liu, Dongqi Liu, Nathan James Roberts, Zhaoli Liu, Ming Gong, Hongkun Qiu, Changhai Liu, Dan Liu, Guangkai Ma, Guangshun Jiang}}</ref> Tá blaosc an tíogair scafánta le réigiún tosaigh teoranta le [[Logall súile|logaill súile]] éilipseacha atá beag go comhréireach, [[Cnámh sróine|cnámha sróine]] fada agus cráiniam fadaithe le [[moing saighdeach]] mór.{{sfn|Sludskii|1992|p=103}}<ref name=":8" /> Tá sé cosúil le blaosc an leoin ach tá difríocht ann idir an dá bhlaosc de bharr íochtar cuasach nó leacaithe an ghéill íochtair agus an tsrón atá níos faide.{{sfn|Sludskii|1992|p=103}}<ref name=":8" /> Tá thart ar 30 fiacail atá sách scafánta ag an tíogar agus tá a [[Starrfhiacail|starrfhiacla]] cuartha ar na cinn is faide i measc na gcat agus iad 6.4-7.6 cm (2.5-3.0 or).<ref name=":8" />{{sfn|Thapar|2004|p=25}} Tá fad cheann-choirp an tíogair idir 1.4-2.8 m (4 tr 7 or - 9 tr 2 or) le heireaball atá 0.6-1.1 m (2 tr 0 or - 3 tr 7 or) agus seasann sé 0.8-1.1 m (2 tr 7 or - 3 tr 7 or) ag an ghualainn.<ref name="Walker">{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Panthera tigris (tiger)|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=T37sFCl43E8C&pg=PA825|publisher=Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press|date=1999-07-29|language=en|author=Novak, R. M. & Walker, E. P|journal=Walker's Mammals of the World|issue=6|pages=825-828}}</ref> Is mó an tíogar Bheangál agus an tíogar Sumatrach de na speicis éagsúla.<ref name=":8" /> Meánn tíogair Bheangál fhireannacha idir 200-260 kg (440-570 lb), agus meánn na baineannaigh idir 100-160 kg (220-250 lb); is lú na tiogair oileánacha de na speicis éagsúla, is cosúil gur de bharr [[abhcacht oileánach]] atá sé.<ref name="Kitchener1999" /> Meánn tiogair Shumatracha fhireannacha idir 100-140 kg (220-310 lb) agus meánn na baineannaigh idir 75-110 kg (165-243 lb).<ref name=":9">Sunquist, M. (2010). "What is a Tiger? Ecology and Behaviour" in {{Harvnb|Tilson|Nyhus|2010|lgh=19/34}}, lgh. 19−34</ref> Meastar gurb é an tíogar an speiceas féilíneach beo is mó ar domhan; ach toisc go bhfuil difríocht mhór méide agus meáchain idir na pobail tíogar éagsúla, is féidir gur lú meánmheáchan an tíogair ná é an leoin, a fhad agus a bhíonn na tíogair is mo níos mó ná na leoin chosúla.<ref name="Kitchener2009" /> === Fionnadh === [[Íomhá:Tiger_Stripes_(29808869755).jpg|alt=Close up of a tiger's fur|mion|Fionnadh an tíogair Amúraigh ar a chliathán (taobh)]] Bíonn ribí gruaige gearra ar fhionnadh an tíogair de ghnáth, ar féidir a bheith chomh fada le 35 mm (1.4 or), ach is féidir le ribí gruaige an tíogair Amúraigh tuaisceart-chónaithigh fad de 105 mm (4.1 or) a shroicheadh. De ghnáth, is faide ribí gruaige an bhoilg ná iad na droma. Bíonn dlús a bhfionnaidh tanaí de ghnáth ach forbraíonn an tíogar Amúrach fionnadh geimhridh atá sách tiubh. Tá línte fionnaidh um aghaidh an tíogair agus guairí fada orthu, na fireannaigh ach go háirithe.<ref name=":8" /> Tá [[Dath ainmhithe|dath]] oráiste air a athraíonn ó scothbhuí go ruánach.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Tiger: the ultimate guide|publisher=CDS books in association with Two brothers press|date=2004|location=New York|author=Valmik Thapar|url=https://archive.org/details/tigerultimategui0000thap/mode/2up}}</ref> Clúdaíonn fionnadh bán an t-íochtar ó cheann go heireaball, thar dromchla istigh na gcos agus codanna den aghaidh.<ref name=":8" /><ref name=":6">{{Harvnb|Sludskii|1992|lgh=99-102}}, lgh. 99-102.</ref> Tá spota bán feiceálach ar chúl na gcluasa atá timpeallaithe le fionnadh dubh.<ref name=":8" /> Marcáiltear an tíogar le stríoca dubha nó dubhdhonna agus bíonn pátrún faoi leith ag chuile thíogar.<ref name=":8" /><ref name=":7">Miquelle, D. "Tiger" in {{Harvnb|MacDonald|2001}}, lgh. 18-21</ref> Bíonn na stríoca ingearach den chuid is mó ach amháin na cinn ar na géaga agus ar an chlár éadain a bhíonn cothrománach. Tá an chuid is mó díobh le feiceáil ar cúl agus is féidir leo ar an cholainn íochtar an bhoilg a shroicheadh. Go hiondúil, bíonn barr géar ar na stríoca agus is féidir leo scaradh óna chéile nó teacht le chéile arís eile. Is bandaí tiubha iad na stríoca eireabaill agus barrtar a dheireadh le dubh.<ref name=":6" /> Tá an tíogar ar cheann den bheagán speiceas cait a bhfuil stríoca orthu.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Why the leopard got its spots: relating pattern development to ecology in felids|url=https://royalsocietypublishing.org/rspb/article/278/1710/1373/73541/Why-the-leopard-got-its-spots-relating-pattern|journal=Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences|date=2011-05-07|issn=0962-8452|pmc=3061134|pmid=20961899|pages=1373–1380|volume=278|issue=1710|doi=10.1098/rspb.2010.1734|language=en|author=William L. Allen, Innes C. Cuthill, Nicholas E. Scott-Samuel, Roland Baddeley}}</ref> Tá stríoca ina mbuntáiste don [[Duaithníocht|nduaithníocht]] i bhfásra a bhfuil pátrúin ingearacha solais agus scátha iontu cosúil le crainnte, giolcaigh agus féir arda.<ref name=":7" /><ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=The Adaptive Significance of Coloration in Mammals|url=https://academic.oup.com/bioscience/article/55/2/125-136/221478|journal=BioScience|date=2005|issn=0006-3568|pages=125-136|volume=55|issue=2|doi=10.1641/0006-3568(2005)055[0125:TASOCI]2.0.CO;2|language=en|author=Tim Caro}}</ref> Tacaíonn staidéar [[anailís Fourier]] a léirigh go n-aontaíonn pátrúin stríoca na dtíogar lena dtimpeallacht leis an teoiric seo.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Zebra stripes and tiger stripes: the spatial frequency distribution of the pattern compared to that of the background is significant in display and crypsis|url=https://academic.oup.com/biolinnean/article-lookup/doi/10.1111/j.1095-8312.1987.tb00442.x|journal=Biological Journal of the Linnean Society|date=1987-12|pages=427–433|volume=32|issue=4|doi=10.1111/j.1095-8312.1987.tb00442.x|language=en|author=D. Godfrey, J. N. Lythgoe, D. A. Rumball}}</ref> Is féidir go gcabhraíonn a ndathú oráiste leo iad a cheilt fosta mar tá creach an tíogair [[Dathdhaille|dathdhall]], rud a chiallaíonn nach bhfeictear an tíogar ach mar rud glas eile laistigh den fhásra. <ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Optimizing colour for camouflage and visibility using deep learning: the effects of the environment and the observer's visual system|url=https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rsif.2019.0183|journal=Journal of The Royal Society Interface|date=2019-05|issn=1742-5689|pages=20190183|volume=16|issue=154|doi=10.1098/rsif.2019.0183|language=en|author=J. G. Fennell, L. Talas, R. J. Baddeley, I. C. Cuthill, N. E. Scott-Samuel}}</ref> ==== Éagsúlacht dhatha ==== [[Íomhá:White_tiger_Nandankanan.jpeg|alt=White tiger with thickened stripes lying down|mion|[[Tíogar bán]] bréag-mhéilineach]] Níl a leithéid de thrí [[Bithathraitheach datha|bhithathraitheach datha]] an tíogair Bheangál – sneachta-bhán an-neamhstríocach, bán agus órga – le fáil san fhiántas sa lá atá inniu ann mar gheall ar laghdú na bpobal fiáin tíogar ach faightear i bpobail i ngéibheann iad fós. Tá dath cúlra bán le stríoca [[séipia]]<nowiki/>dhonna ar an [[Tíogar bán|tíogar bhán]]. Tá dath bán-órga le stríoca ruadhonna ar an [[tíogar órga]]. Is morf le stríoca an-éadroma agus eireaball séipiadhonn-fháinneach é an tíogar sneachta-bhán. Is de thoradh [[tréith chúlaitheach uathshómach]] le [[Lócas (géinitic)|lócas]] bán agus lócas [[Géinitic fhionnaidh chait|leathanbhanda]] iad na morfaí bána agus órga faoi seach. Is de thoradh [[Polaigéin|polaigéinte]] le lócais bhána agus leathanbhanda é an bithathraitheach sneachta-bhán.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=The genetics of tiger pelage color variations|url=https://www.nature.com/articles/cr201732|journal=Cell Research|date=2017-07|issn=1001-0602|pmc=5518981|pmid=28281538|pages=954–957|volume=27|issue=7|doi=10.1038/cr.2017.32|language=en|author=Xiao Xu, Gui-Xin Dong, Anne Schmidt-Küntzel, Xue-Li Zhang, Yan Zhuang, Run Fang, Xin Sun, Xue-Song Hu, Tian-You Zhang, Han-Dong Yang, De-Lu Zhang, Laurie Marker, Zheng-Fan Jiang, Ruiqiang Li, Shu-Jin Luo}}</ref> Tá tógáil an tíogair bháin an-chonspóideach mar níl siad úsáideach ó thaobh an chaomhnaithe de. Níl na géinte don mhorf datha seo ach ag 0.001% de thíogair fhiáine agus is é an t-[[ionphórú]] is cúis le ró-ionadaíocht an tíogair bháin i ngéibheann. Mar sin, má leanann an t-ionphórú seo ar aghaidh, tá an baol ann gurb iad [[spealadh ionphóraithe]] agus caillteanas na [[Inathraitheacht géinte|hinathraitheachta géinte]] i dtíogair i ngéibheann an toradh a bheidh ann.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|author=Xavier, N.|date=2010|url=https://www.currentscience.ac.in/Volumes/99/07/0894.pdf|title=A new conservation policy needed for reintroduction of Bengal tiger-white|journal=Current Science|volume=99|issue=7|pages=894–895}}</ref> Tá taifid ann de thíogair bhréag-[[Méilineach|mhéilineacha]] le stríoca cónascaithe i [[Páirc Náisiúnta Simlipal|bPáirc Náisiúnta Simlipal]] agus i dtrí zú Indiacha; léirigh anailís [[Géineolaíocht phobail|géineolaíochta pobail]] de shamplaí tíogar Indiach go bhfaightear an [[Feinitíopa|féinitíopa]] seo mar thoradh ar [[Sóchán|shócháin]] ghéin [[aimínipeiptíodáis]] [[Próitéin thras-scannáin|thras-scannáin]]. Tá an gné seo ag 37% de phobal tíogair Shimlipal, rud a nasctar le [[leithlisiú géiniteach]].<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=High frequency of an otherwise rare phenotype in a small and isolated tiger population|url=https://pnas.org/doi/full/10.1073/pnas.2025273118|journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences|date=2021-09-28|issn=0027-8424|pmc=8488692|pmid=34518374|volume=118|issue=39|doi=10.1073/pnas.2025273118|language=en|author=Vinay Sagar, Christopher B. Kaelin, Meghana Natesh, P. Anuradha Reddy, Rajesh K. Mohapatra, Himanshu Chhattani, Prachi Thatte, Srinivas Vaidyanathan, Suvankar Biswas, Supriya Bhatt, Shashi Paul, Yadavendradev V. Jhala, Mayank M. Verma, Bivash Pandav, Samrat Mondol, Gregory S. Barsh, Debabrata Swain, Uma Ramakrishnan}}</ref> == Dáileadh agus gnáthóg == [[Íomhá:Tigress_Anna_Savelevna_01.jpg|alt=Picture of tiger in forest at night|mion|Gaiste ceamara de thíogar Amúrach sa Rúis]] Bhíodh cead a chosa ag an tíogar go stairiúil agus cónaí air ó oirthear na Tuirce, tuaisceart na hIaráine agus an Afganastáin go dtí an Áise Láir agus ón Phacastáin thuaidh trí [[Fo-ilchríoch na hIndia|fho-ilchríoch na hIndia]] agus an Ind-Sín go hoirdheisceart na Sibéire, Sumatra, Iáva agus Bailí.<ref name=":8" /> Faoin bhliain 2022, ní raibh sé le fáil ach laistigh de 7% dá limistéar dáilte stairiúil agus bhí raon briste aige i bhfo-ilchríoch na hIndia, [[An Ind-Sín|leithinis na hInd-Síne]], Sumatra, oirthuaisceart na Síne agus [[Cianoirthear na Rúise]].<ref name=":3" /> Faoin bhliain 2020, bhí an t-achar is mó den ghnáthóg tíogair dhomhanda ag an India le 300,508 km² (116,027 mi²) á leanúint ag an Rúis le 195,819 km² (75,606 mi²).<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Range-wide trends in tiger conservation landscapes, 2001 - 2020|url=https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcosc.2023.1191280/full|journal=Frontiers in Conservation Science|date=2023|issn=2673-611X|volume=4|doi=10.3389/fcosc.2023.1191280|author=Sanderson, E. W.; Miquelle, D. G.; Fisher, K.; Harihar, A.; Clark, C.; Moy, J.; Potapov, P.; Robinson, N.; Royte, L.; Sampson, D.; Sanderlin, J.; Yackulic, C. B.; Belecky, M.; Breitenmoser, U.; Breitenmoser-Würsten, C.; Chanchani, P.; Chapman, S.; Deomurari, A.; Duangchantrasiri, S.; Facchini, E.; Gray, T. N. E.; Goodrich, J.; Hunter, L.; Linkie, M.; Marthy, W.; Rasphone, A.; Roy, S.; Sittibal, D.; Tempa, T.; Umponjan, M. & Wood, K.}}</ref> Tá cónaí ar an tíogar i ngnáthóga foraoise den chuid is mó agus is ainmhí an-sholúbtha é.<ref name=":9" /> Léiríonn taifid ón Áise Láir gur chuir sé faoi i bhforaoisí abhann [[Tugay]] agus foraoisí cnoic agus ísilchríche sa [[Réigiún Chugais|Chugais]].<ref>{{Harvnb|Sludskii|1992}}, lgh.&#x20;108–112</ref> I réigiún [[Amur (abhainn)|Amur-Ussuri]] na Rúise agus na Síne, cuireann sé faoi i [[Péine Chóiréach|bpéine Chóiréach]] agus i [[Foraois leathanduilleach agus mheasctha mheasartha|bhforaoisí leathanduilleacha agus measctha measartha]]; feidhmíonn [[Foraois abhann|foraoisí abhann]] mar phasáistí [[Scaipeadh bitheolaíoch|scaipthe]] a chuireann bia agus uisce ar fáil do thíogair agus a gcreach mar aon.<ref>Miquelle, D. G.; Smirnov, E. N.; Merrill, T. W.; Myslenkov, A. E.; Quigley, H.; Hornocker, M. G. & Schleyer, B. (1999). "Hierarchical spatial analysis of Amur tiger relationships to habitat and prey" in {{Harvnb|Seidenstecker|Christie|Jackson|1999}}, lgh. 71-99</ref> Faightear i [[Foraois leathanduilleach thais thrópaiceach agus fhothrópaiceach|bhforaoisí leathanduilleacha taise trópaiceacha agus fo-thrópaiceacha]], foraoisí leathanduilleacha agus measctha measartha, [[Foraois shíorghlasa thais thrópaiceach|foraoisí síorghlasa taise trópaiceacha]], [[Foraois thirim thrópaiceach|foraoisí tirime trópaiceacha]], [[Má thuiltrí|mánna tuiltrí]] agus sna [[Foraois mhangróbh|foraoisí mangróbh]] sna [[Sundarbans]] é go príomhá ar fho-ilchríoch na hIndia.<ref>Wikramanayake, E. D.; Dinerstein, E.; Robinson, J. G.; Karanth, K. U.; Rabinowitz, A.; Olson, D.; Mathew, T.; Hedao, P.; Connor, M.; Hemley, G. & Bolze, D. (1999). "Where can tigers live in the future? A framework for identifying high-priority areas for the conservation of tigers in the wild" in {{harvnb|Seidensticker|Christie|Jackson|1999}}, lgh. 265-267</ref> In [[Oirthear na Himiléithe]], taifeadadh i [[Foraois mheasartha|bhforaoisí measartha]] sa [[An Bhútáin|Bhútáin]] é ar airde de 4,200 m (13,800 tr), agus in oirdheaisceart na [[An Tibéid|Tibéide]] sna [[Cnoic Mishmi]] ar airde de 3,630 m (11,910 tr) agus i [[Contae Mêdog|gContae Mêdog]] ar airde de 3,139 m (10,299 tr).<ref>Jigme, K. & Tharchen, L. (2012). "Camera-trap records of tigers at high altitudes in Bhutan". ''Cat News'' (56): 14–15.</ref><ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=First photographic record of tiger presence at higher elevations of the Mishmi Hills in the Eastern Himalayan Biodiversity Hotspot, Arunachal Pradesh, India|url=https://threatenedtaxa.org/index.php/JoTT/article/view/4381|journal=Journal of Threatened Taxa|date=2018|issn=0974-7907|pages=12833–12836|volume=10|issue=13|doi=10.11609/jott.4381.10.13.12833-12836|author=Adhikarimayum, A. S. & Gopi, G. V.}}</ref><ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Tiger reappearance in Medog highlights the conservation values of the region for this apex predator|url=https://www.zoores.ac.cn/en/article/doi/10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2023.178|journal=Zoological Research|date=2023|issn=2095-8137|pmc=10415778|pmid=37464931|pages=747–749|volume=44|issue=4|doi=10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2023.178|language=en|author=Li, X. Y.; Hu, W. Q.; Wang, H. J. & Jiang, X. L.}}</ref> Cuireann sé faoi i bhforaoisí [[duillsilteach]] agus [[Planda síorghlas|síorghlasa]] sa Téalainn.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=How many tigers Panthera tigris are there in Huai Kha Khaeng Wildlife Sanctuary, Thailand? An estimate using photographic capture-recapture sampling|url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0030605307414107/type/journal_article|journal=Oryx|date=2007|issn=0030-6053|pages=447–453|volume=41|issue=4|doi=10.1017/S0030605307414107|language=en|author=Simcharoen, S.; Pattanavibool, A.; Karanth, K. U.; Nichols, J. D. & Kumar, N. S.}}</ref> In Sumatra, faightear i [[Foraois sheascainn mhóna|bhforaoisí seascainn móna]] ilchríche agus i [[Foraois Montane|bhforaoisí Montane]] garbha.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Population Status of a Cryptic Top Predator: An Island-Wide Assessment of Tigers in Sumatran Rainforests|url=https://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0025931|journal=PLoS ONE|date=2011|issn=1932-6203|pmc=3206793|pmid=22087218|pages=e25931|volume=6|issue=11|doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0025931|language=en|author=Wibisono, H. T.; Linkie, M.; Guillera-Arroita, G.; Smith, J. A.; Sunarto; Pusarini, W.; Asriadi; Baroto, P.; Brickle, N.; Dinata, Y.; Gemita, E.; Gunaryadi, D.; Haidir, I. A. & Herwansyah}}</ref> === Dlús pobail === Nocht [[Gaiste ceamara|gaistí ceamara]] le linn 2010-2015 i bhforaois dhuillsilteach agus phéine fho-thrópaiceach na [[Páirc Náisiúnta Jim Corbett|Páirce Náisiúnta Jim Corbett]] i dtuaisceart na hIndia go bhfuil [[Dlús daonra|dlús phobail]] tíogair seasmhach de 12-17 indibhidiúil in aghaidh gach 100 km² (39 mi²) laistigh de limistéar 521 km² (201 mi²).<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Demography of a high‐density tiger population and its implications for tiger recovery|url=https://besjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/1365-2664.13410|journal=Journal of Applied Ecology|date=2019|issn=0021-8901|pages=1725–1740|volume=56|issue=7|doi=10.1111/1365-2664.13410|language=en|author=Bisht, S.; Banerjee, S.; Qureshi, Q. & Jhala, Y.}}</ref> I dtuaisceart Mhaenmar, measadh dlús phobail tíogair sa limistéar samplála, a raibh thart ar 3,250 km² (1,250 mi²) d'fhoraois leathanduilleach thrópaiceach agus féarthalamh ann, a bheith idir 0.21–0.44 tíogair in aghaidh gach 100 km² (39 mi²) faoin bhliain 2009.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Estimating abundance with sparse data: tigers in northern Myanmar|url=https://esj-journals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1007/s10144-008-0093-5|journal=Population Ecology|date=2009|issn=1438-3896|pages=115–121|volume=51|issue=1|doi=10.1007/s10144-008-0093-5|language=en|author=Lynam, A. J.; Rabinowitz, A.; Myint, T.; Maung, M.; Latt, K. T. & Po, S. H. T.}}</ref> Measadh go bhfuil an dlús phobail i bhforaoisí leath-shíorghlasa agus duillsilteacha measctha [[Anaclann Fiadhúlra Huai Kha Khaeng]] na Téalainne thart ar 2.01 tíogair in aghaidh gach 100 km² (39 mi²); le linn na 1970idí agus 1980idí, tharla [[lománaíocht]] agus póitseáil sna [[Páirc Náisiúnta Mae Wong|Páirceanna Náisiúnta Mae Wong]] agus [[Páirc Náisiúnta Khlong Lan|Khlong Lan]] in aice láimhe, áit a measadh an dlús phobail a bheith i bhfad níos ísle, gan ach 0.359 tíogair in aghaidh gach 100 km² (39 mi²) faoin bhliain 2016.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Tiger density, movements, and immigration outside of a tiger source site in Thailand|url=https://conbio.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/csp2.560|journal=Conservation Science and Practice|date=2021|issn=2578-4854|volume=3|issue=12|doi=10.1111/csp2.560|language=en|author=Phumanee, W.; Steinmetz, R.; Phoonjampa, R.; Weingdow, S.; Phokamanee, S.; Bhumpakphan, N. & Savini, T.}}</ref> Measadh an dlús phobail i bhforaoisí [[Dipterocarpaceae|dipterocarp]] agus montane i dtuaisceart na Malaeise a bheith thart ar 1.47–2.43 tíogair fhásta in aghaidh gach 100 km² (39 mi²) i bPáirc Stáit Belum Ríoga, ach 0.3–0.92 tíogair fhásta a bheith ann in aghaidh gach 100 km² (39 mi²) in [[Anaclann Foraoise Temengor]], áit atá gan chosaint a mbíonn lománaíocht ar siúl [[Lománaíocht roghnaitheach|ar bhonn roghnaitheach]].<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Conserving tigers in Malaysia: A science-driven approach for eliciting conservation policy change|url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0006320714005035|journal=Biological Conservation|date=2015|pages=18–26|volume=184|doi=10.1016/j.biocon.2014.12.024|language=en|author=Rayan, D. M. & Linkie, M.}}</ref> == Iompar agus éiceolaíocht == [[Íomhá:Tigerwater_edit2.jpg|alt=Tiger in water|mion|Tíogar ag folcadh]] Léiríonn sonraí ghaistí ceamara go seachnaíonn tíogair i [[Páirc Náisiúnta Chitwan|bPáirc Náisiúnta Chitwan]] áiteanna a ghnáthaíonn daoine agus gur gníomhaí a bhíonn siad san oíche ná sa ló.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Coexistence between wildlife and humans at fine spatial scales|url=https://pnas.org/doi/full/10.1073/pnas.1210490109|journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences|date=2012|issn=0027-8424|pmc=3458348|pmid=22949642|pages=15360–15365|volume=109|issue=38|doi=10.1073/pnas.1210490109|language=en|author=Carter, N. H.; Shrestha, B. K.; Karki, J. B.; Pradhan, N. M. B. & Liu, J.}}</ref> Ba ghníomhaí sé thíogar a raibh coiléir raidió orthu ó bhreacadh an lae go dtí go luath ar maidin agus a mbuaic á sroicheadh thart ar a 7:00 a chlog ar maidin i [[Páirc Náisiúnta Sundarbans|bPáirc Náisiúnta Sundarbans]]. <ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Ranging, Activity and Habitat Use by Tigers in the Mangrove Forests of the Sundarban|url=https://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0152119|journal=PLOS ONE|date=2016|issn=1932-6203|pmc=4822765|pmid=27049644|pages=e0152119|volume=11|issue=4|doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0152119|language=en|author=Naha, D.; Jhala, Y. V.; Qureshi, Q.; Roy, M.; Sankar, K. & Gopal, R.}}</ref> Nocht suirbhé gaiste ceamara trí bliana i bhfad i [[Páirc Náisiúnta Shuklaphanta|bPáirc Náisiúnta Shuklaphanta]] gur ghníomhaí na tíogair ó chrónú go dtí lár na hoíche.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Coexisting large carnivores: spatial relationships of tigers and leopards and their prey in a prey-rich area in lowland Nepal|url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/11956860.2018.1491512|journal=Écoscience|date=2019|issn=1195-6860|pages=1–9|volume=26|issue=1|doi=10.1080/11956860.2018.1491512|language=en|author=Pokheral, C. P. & Wegge, P.}}</ref> In oirthuaisceart na Síne, bhí tíogair ina [[Ainmhí clapsholais|n-ainmhithe clapsholais]] agus iad gníomhach le linn na hóiche agus a gcuid gníomhaíochtaí ag baint a mbuaic amach ar bhreacadh an lae agus ar chrónú na hoíche; bhíodar gníomhach ag nach mór an t-am céanna agus a bhí a gcuid creiche.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Do prey availability, human disturbance and habitat structure drive the daily activity patterns of Amur tigers ( Panthera tigris altaica )?|url=https://zslpublications.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jzo.12622|journal=Journal of Zoology|date=2019|issn=0952-8369|pages=131–140|volume=307|issue=2|doi=10.1111/jzo.12622|language=en|author=H. Yang, S. Han, B. Xie, P. Mou, X. Kou, T. Wang, J. Ge, L. Feng}}</ref> Is snámhaí cumhachtach é an tíogar a théann trasna aibhneacha atá chomh leathan le 8 km (5.0 mi) go héasca; tumann sé é féin san uisce ar laethanta teo ach go háirithe.<ref name=":7" /> Go ginearálta, níl a scileanna dreaptha crainn chomh cumasach agus atáthar i gcait eile de bharr a mhéide, ach déanann coileáin faoi 16 mhí amhlaidh go rialta.<ref>{{Harvnb|Thapar|2004}}, lgh. 26, 64–66</ref> Taifeadadh tíogar fásta ar dhreapadh dhó 10 m (33 tr) suas [[crann pipal]] mín.<ref name=":8" /> === Scaradh sóisialta === Bíonn saol atá aonarach den chuid is mó ag tíogair fhásta laistigh dá [[Raon baile (ainmhí)|raon baile]] nó [[Dúiche (ainmhí)|ndúiche]], dá bhraitheann a méid ar fhlúirse chreiche, láthair tíreolaíocha agus gnéas an indibhidiúla. Cosaíonn fireannaigh agus baineannaigh a raonta baile roimh thíogair an ghnéis chéanna agus cuimsíonn raon baile na bhfireannach iad go leor baineannach.<ref name=":8" /><ref name=":7" /> Bhí raonta baile de 10.6 agus 14.1 km² (4.1 agus 5.4 mi²) ag dhá bhaineannach sna [[Sundarbans]].<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Female tiger Panthera tigris home range size in the Bangladesh Sundarbans: the value of this mangrove ecosystem for the species’ conservation|url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0030605310001456/type/journal_article|journal=Oryx|date=2011|issn=0030-6053|pages=125–128|volume=45|issue=1|doi=10.1017/S0030605310001456|language=en|author=Barlow, A. C. D.; Smith, J. L. D.; Ahmad, I. U.; Hossain, A. N. M.; Rahman, M. & Howlader, A.}}</ref> In [[Anaclann Tíogair Panna]] d'athraigh raonta baile cúig bhaineannach athbhunaithe ó 53–67 km² (20–26 mi²) sa gheimhreadh go 55–60 km² (21–23 mi²) sa tsamhradh agus 46–94 km² (18–36 mi²) le linn an [[Monsún|mhonsúin]]; bhí raonta baile móra 84–147 km² (32–57 mi²) ag trí fhireannach sa gheimhreadh, 82–98 km² (32–38 mi²) sa tsamhradh agus 81–118 km² (31–46 mi²) le linn shéasúir an mhonsúin.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Movement and home range characteristics of reintroduced tiger (Panthera tigris) population in Panna Tiger Reserve, central India|url=http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10344-016-1026-9|journal=European Journal of Wildlife Research|date=2016|issn=1612-4642|pages=537–547|volume=62|issue=5|doi=10.1007/s10344-016-1026-9|language=en|author=Sarkar, M. S.; Ramesh, K.; Johnson, J. A.; Sen, S.; Nigam, P.; Gupta, S. K.; Murthy, R. S. & Saha, G. K.}}</ref> I [[Tearmann Bithsféir Sikhote-Alin|dTearmann Bithsféir Sikhote-Alin]], bhí raonta baile de 248–520 km² (96–201 mi²) ag 14 baineannach agus de 847–1,923 km² (327–742 mi²) ag cúig fhireannach a chuimsigh iad de chúig bhaineannach ar an uasmhéid.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Spatial structure of Amur (Siberian) tigers ( Panthera tigris altaica ) on Sikhote-Alin Biosphere Zapovednik, Russia|url=https://academic.oup.com/jmammal/article-lookup/doi/10.1644/09-MAMM-A-293.1|journal=Journal of Mammalogy|date=2010|issn=0022-2372|pages=737–748|volume=91|issue=3|doi=10.1644/09-MAMM-A-293.1|language=en|author=Goodrich, J. M.; Miquelle, D. G.; Smirnov, E. M.; Kerley, L. L.; Quigley, H. B. & Hornocker, M. G.}}</ref> Nuair a bhíodh coileáin de cheithre mhí ar an uasaois ag tíogair bhaineanna sa tearmann céanna, laghdóidís a raonta baile ionas go bhféadfaidís fanacht i ngar dá n-óga agus d'ardóidís a raonta baile de réir a chéile go dtí go mbeadh a n-óga 13–18 mí d'aois.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=The influence of reproductive status on home range size and spatial dynamics of female Amur tigers|url=http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s13364-020-00547-2|journal=Mammal Research|date=2021|issn=2199-2401|pages=83–94|volume=66|issue=1|doi=10.1007/s13364-020-00547-2|language=en|author=Klevtcova, A. V.; Miquelle, D. G.; Seryodkin, I. V.; Bragina, E. V.; Soutyrina, S. V. & Goodrich, J. M.}}</ref> {{fráma íomhá|caption=[[Tíogar Bheangál|Tíogair Bheangál]] ag spraeáil múin (thuas) agus ag cuimilt de chrann chun a dhúiche a mharcáil|content={{CSS image crop |Image = Tiger spray marking. DavidRaju 1.jpg |bSize = 300 |cWidth = 150 |cHeight = 150 |oTop = 30 |oLeft = 30 }}{{CSS image crop |Image = Bijili (A tiger in Ranthambore National Park, 2016) 1.jpg |bSize = 150 |cWidth = 150 |cHeight = 150 |oTop = 30 |oLeft = 0 }}|width=150}} Is speiceas é an tíogar a théann ar rith i bhfad i gcéin agus a scaipeann thar fhaid suas le 650 km (400 mi) chun pobail tíogair in áiteanna eile a shroicheadh.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Connectivity of Tiger (Panthera tigris) Populations in the Human-Influenced Forest Mosaic of Central India|url=https://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0077980|journal=PLoS ONE|date=2013|issn=1932-6203|pmc=3819329|pmid=24223132|pages=e77980|volume=8|issue=11|doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0077980|language=en|author=Joshi, A.; Vaidyanathan, S.; Mondol, S.; Edgaonkar, A. & Ramakrishnan, U.}}</ref> Socraíonn tíogair bhaineanna óga a gcéad raonta baile i ngar dóibh a máithreacha ach déanann na tíogair fhireanna imirce níos faide amach ná a macasamhail bhaineann.<ref name=":10">{{Harvnb|Thapar|2004}}, lch. 76.</ref> Scaip ceithre thíogar baineanna a raibh [[Coiléar raidió|coiléir raidió]] orthu amach idir 0 agus 43.2 km (0.0 agus 26.8 mi) agus 10 dtíogar fireanna idir 9.5 agus 65.7 km (5.9 agus 40.8 mi) i bPáirc Náisiúnta Chitwan.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=The Role of Dispersal in Structuring the Chitwan Tiger Population|url=https://brill.com/view/journals/beh/124/3-4/article-p165_1.xml|journal=Behaviour|date=1993|issn=0005-7959|pages=165–195|volume=124|issue=3-4|doi=10.1163/156853993X00560|author=Smith, J. L. D.}}</ref> Cónaíonn fo-aosach fireann mar fhánaí i raon baile thíogair fhirinn eile go dtí go bhfuil sé níos sine agus láidir go leor chun dúshlán an fhireannaigh chónaithigh a thabhairt.<ref name=":10" /><ref>{{Harvnb|Mills|2004}}, lgh. 54–55. </ref> Marcálann tíogair a raonta baile trí [[Spraeáil múin|mhún a spraeáil]] ar fhásra agus chlocha, crúbáil nó [[cuimilt bholaidh]] a dhéanamh ar chrainnte agus conair a mharcáil le [[faecas]], táil [[Faireog tóna|fhaireog tóna]] agus scrabhanna talúna.<ref name=":7" /><ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Chemical Characterization of Territorial Marking Fluid of Male Bengal Tiger, Panthera tigris|url=http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10886-008-9462-y|journal=Journal of Chemical Ecology|date=2008|issn=0098-0331|pages=659–671|volume=34|issue=5|doi=10.1007/s10886-008-9462-y|language=en|author=Burger, B. V.; Viviers, M. Z.; Bekker, J. P. I.; Roux, M.; Fish, N.; Fourie, W. B. & Weibchen, G.}}</ref><ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Scent marking in free-ranging tigers,Panthera tigris|url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0003347289900018|journal=Animal Behaviour|date=1989|pages=1–10|volume=37|doi=10.1016/0003-3472(89)90001-8|language=en|author=Smith, J. L. D.; McDougal, C. & Miquelle, D.}}</ref><ref>{{Harvnb|Thapar|2004}}, lch. 105.</ref> Ligeann cuimilt bholaidh d'indibhidiúil eolas a fháil amach faoi aitheantas tíogair eile. Is féidir go nglacfar ceannas ar raonta baile gan úinéirí, iad arbh le indibhidiúil a fuair bás ach go háirithe, laistigh de laethanta nó de sheachtainí.<ref name=":7" /> Glacann tíogair bhaineanna le baineannaigh eile laistigh dá raonta baile níos fonnmhaire ná mar a ghlacann fireannaigh le fireannaigh eile toisc nach mbíonn siad caoinfhulangach de ghnáth. Réitítear aighnis le himeaglú seachas le trodaíocht go hiondúil. Is féidir go nglacfaidh fireannach le híochtarán ina raon nuair a bhíonn [[Ceannasacht|an lámh in uachtar]] aige a fhad agus nach dtagann sé i ngar dó, áfach. Baineann na haighnis is fíochmhaire le dhá thíogar fireanna in iomaíocht a chéile a mbíonn baineannach in [[éastras]] os a gcomhair.<ref>{{Harvnb|Mills|2004}}, lgh. 85–86.</ref> Is sóisialta atá tíogair os comhair creiche agus roinnfidh tíogar fireann conablach leis na baineannaigh agus na coileáin laistigh dá raon baile in amanna agus ní cosúil le leoin fhireanna, ligfidh sé dóibh beathú sula mbíonn sé féin críochnaithe leis. Is teannasaí a bhíonn baineannach nuair a bhuaileann sí le baineannach eile os comhair creiche, áfach.<ref>{{Harvnb|Schaller|1967}}, lgh. 244–251.</ref><ref>{{Harvnb|Mills|2004}}, lch. 89.</ref> === Cumarsáid === During friendly encounters and bonding, tigers [[Bunting (animal behavior)|rub against]] each other's bodies.{{sfn|Schaller|1967|pp=262–263}} Facial expressions include the "defence threat", which involves a wrinkled face, bared teeth, pulled-back ears and widened pupils.{{sfn|Schaller|1967|p=263}}<ref name="Mazak1981" /> Both males and females show a [[flehmen response]], a characteristic curled-lip grimace, when smelling urine markings. Males also use the flehmen to detect the markings made by tigresses in oestrus.<ref name="Mazak1981" /> Tigers will move their ears around to display the white spots, particularly during aggressive encounters and between mothers and cubs.<ref name="WCW">{{Cite book|last1=Sunquist|first1=M. E.|year=2002|last2=Sunquist|first2=F.|name-list-style=amp|title=Wild Cats of the World|publisher=University of Chicago Press|location=Chicago|isbn=978-0-226-77999-7|chapter=Tiger ''Panthera tigris'' (Linnaeus, 1758)|pages=343–372|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IF8nDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA320}}</ref> They also use their tails to signal their mood. To show cordiality, the tail sticks up and sways slowly, while an apprehensive tiger lowers its tail or wags it side-to-side. When calm, the tail hangs low.{{sfn|Thapar|2004|p=29}} Tigers are normally silent but can produce numerous vocalisations.{{sfn|Schaller|1967|p=256}}{{sfn|Thapar|2004|p=99}} They [[roar]] to signal their presence to other individuals over long distances. This vocalisation is forced through an open mouth as it closes and can be heard {{cvt|3|km}} away. They roar multiple times in a row and others respond in kind. Tigers also roar during mating and a mother will roar to call her cubs to her. When tense, tigers moan, a sound similar to a roar but softer and made when the mouth is at least partially closed. Moaning can be heard {{cvt|400|m}} away.<ref name="Mazak1981" />{{sfn|Schaller|1967|pp=258–261}} Aggressive encounters involve [[growling]], [[snarling]] and hissing.{{sfn|Schaller|1967|p=261}} An explosive "coughing roar" or "coughing snarl" is emitted through an open mouth and exposed teeth.<ref name="Mazak1981" />{{sfn|Schaller|1967|p=261}}<ref name="WCW" /> In friendlier situations, tigers [[prusten]], a soft, low-frequency snorting sound similar to [[purring]] in smaller cats.<ref>{{Cite journal|doi=10.1023/A:1020620121416|year=1999|last1=Peters|first1=G.|last2=Tonkin-Leyhausen|first2=B. A.|name-list-style=amp|title=Evolution of acoustic communication signals of mammals: Friendly close-range vocalizations in Felidae (Carnivora)|journal=Journal of Mammalian Evolution|volume=6|issue=2|pages=129–159|s2cid=25252052}}</ref> Tiger mothers communicate with their cubs by grunting, while cubs call back with [[Miaow|miaows]].{{sfn|Schaller|1967|pp=257–258}} When startled, they "woof". They produce a deer-like "pok" sound for unknown reasons, but most often at kills.{{sfn|Schaller|1967|pp=256–258}}{{sfn|Mills|2004|p=62}}<gallery mode="packed" heights="150px"> Íomhá:Panthera_tigris_altaica_28_-_Buffalo_Zoo_(1).jpg|alt=Image of tiger barring teeth|Tíogar Amúrach ag nochtadh a chuid fiacla mar chomhartha ionsaitheachta Íomhá:Sumatran_tiger_(Panthera_tigris_sumatrae)_vocalising.webm|alt=Video of tiger roaring at a zoo|[[Tíogar Sumatrach]] i ngéibheann ag búireadh Íomhá:439280_schots_angry-tiger.wav|Tíogar i gcás ag drantú agus ag drannadh </gallery> === Seilg agus aiste bia === [[Íomhá:RANTHAMBORE_TIGER_RESERVE.jpg|alt=Tiger attacking a sambar deer from behind, pulling on its back|mion|Tíogar Bheangál ag ionsaí [[fia sambar]] in [[Anaclann Tíogair Ranthambore]]]] The tiger is a [[carnivore]] and an [[apex predator]]. [[Abundance (ecology)|Abundance]] and body weight of prey species are assumed to be the main criteria for the tiger's prey selection, both inside and outside protected areas.<ref>{{cite journal|author1=Biswas, S.|name-list-style=amp|author2=Kumar, S.|author3=Bandhopadhyay, M.|author4=Patel, S. K.|author5=Lyngdoh, S.|author6=Pandav, B.|author7=Mondol, S.|year=2023|title=What drives prey selection? Assessment of Tiger (''Panthera tigris'') food habits across the Terai-Arc Landscape, India|journal=Journal of Mammalogy|volume=104|issue=6|pages=1302–1316|doi=10.1093/jmammal/gyad069}}</ref> It feeds mainly on large and medium-sized [[Ungulate|hooved mammals]] such as [[sambar deer]], [[Manchurian wapiti]], [[barasingha]], [[gaur]] and [[wild boar]].<!--Please do not add any more species to this sentence.--><ref name="Hayward">{{cite journal|last1=Hayward|first1=M. W.|last2=Jędrzejewski|first2=W.|last3=Jędrzejewska|first3=B.|year=2012|title=Prey preferences of the tiger ''Panthera tigris''|journal=Journal of Zoology|volume=286|issue=3|pages=221–231|doi=10.1111/j.1469-7998.2011.00871.x|name-list-style=amp}}</ref><ref name="Steinmetz_al2021">{{cite journal|author1=Steinmetz, R.|name-list-style=amp|author2=Seuaturien, N.|author3=Intanajitjuy, P.|author4=Inrueang, P.|author5=Prempree, K.|year=2021|title=The effects of prey depletion on dietary niches of sympatric apex predators in Southeast Asia|journal=Integrative Zoology|volume=16|issue=1|pages=19–32|doi=10.1111/1749-4877.12461|pmid=32627329}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|author1=Variar, A. S.|name-list-style=amp|author2=Anoop, N. R.|author3=Komire, S.|author4=Vinayan, P. A.|author5=Sujin, N. S.|author6=Raj, A.|author7=Prasadan, P. K.|year=2023|title=Prey selection by the Indian tiger (''Panthera tigris tigris'') outside protected areas in Indias Western Ghats: implications for conservation|journal=Food Webs|volume=34|article-number=e00268|doi=10.1016/j.fooweb.2022.e00268|bibcode=2023FWebs..3400268V}}</ref> It also preys opportunistically on smaller species like [[Monkey|monkeys]], [[peafowl]] and other ground-based birds, [[Porcupine|porcupines]] and fish.<ref name="Mazak1981" /><ref name="Miquelle" /> Occasional attacks on [[Asian elephant|Asian elephants]] and [[Indian rhinoceros|Indian rhinoceroses]] have also been reported.<ref>{{cite journal|author1=Karanth, K. U.|year=2003|title=Tiger ecology and conservation in the Indian subcontinent|journal=Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society|volume=100|issue=2 & 3|pages=169–189|url=https://repository.ias.ac.in/89489/1/50p.pdf}}</ref> More often, tigers take the more vulnerable calves.<ref>{{cite journal|author1=Karanth, K. U.|author2=Nichols, J. D.|name-list-style=amp|year=1998|title=Estimation of tiger densities in India using photographic captures and recaptures|journal=Ecology|volume=79|issue=8|pages=2852–2862|doi=10.1890/0012-9658(1998)079[2852:EOTDII]2.0.CO;2|jstor=176521|url=http://erepo.usiu.ac.ke/bitstream/handle/11732/758/Estimation%20of%20tiger%20densities%20in%20India%20using%20photographic%20captures%20and%20recaptures.pdf?sequence=4&isAllowed=y|access-date=16 December 2021|archive-date=27 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221127044620/http://erepo.usiu.ac.ke/bitstream/handle/11732/758/Estimation%20of%20tiger%20densities%20in%20India%20using%20photographic%20captures%20and%20recaptures.pdf?sequence=4&isAllowed=y|url-status=live}}</ref> They sometimes prey on livestock and dogs in close proximity to settlements.<ref name="Mazak1981" /> Tigers occasionally consume vegetation, fruit and minerals for [[dietary fibre]] and supplements.<ref name="Perry">{{cite book|author=Perry, R.|title=The World of the Tiger|year=1965|publisher=Cassell|place=London|pages=133–134|asin=B0007DU2IU}}</ref> Tigers learn to hunt from their mothers, though the ability to hunt may be partially inborn.<ref name="Fàbregas">{{cite journal|last1=Fàbregas|first1=M. C.|last2=Fosgate|first2=G. T.|last3=Koehler|first3=G. M.|year=2015|title=Hunting performance of captive-born South China tigers (''Panthera tigris amoyensis'') on free-ranging prey and implications for their reintroduction|journal=Biological Conservation|volume=192|pages=57–64|doi=10.1016/j.biocon.2015.09.007|bibcode=2015BCons.192...57F|hdl=2263/50208|hdl-access=free|name-list-style=amp}}</ref> Depending on the size of the prey, they typically kill weekly though mothers must kill more often.<ref name="Sunquist2010" /> Families hunt together when cubs are old enough.{{sfn|Thapar|2004|p=63}} They search for prey using vision and hearing.{{sfn|Schaller|1967|pp=284–285}} A tiger will also wait at a watering hole for prey to come by, particularly during hot summer days.{{sfn|Schaller|1967|p=288}}{{sfn|Thapar|2004|p=120}} It is an ambush predator and when approaching potential prey, it crouches with the head lowered and hides in foliage. It switches between creeping forward and staying still. A tiger may even doze off and can stay in the same spot for as long as a day, waiting for prey and launch an attack when the prey is close enough,{{sfn|Thapar|2004|pp=119–120, 122}} usually within {{cvt|30|m}}.<ref name="Sunquist2010" /> If the prey spots it before then, the cat does not pursue further.{{sfn|Schaller|1967|p=288}} A tiger can sprint {{cvt|56|km/h|mph}} and leap {{cvt|10|m}};{{sfn|Schaller|1967|p=287}}{{sfn|Thapar|2004|p=23}} it is not a long-distance runner and gives up a chase if prey outpaces it over a certain distance.{{sfn|Schaller|1967|p=288}} [[Íomhá:Tiger's_killing_wild_boar.jpg|alt=Two tigers attacking a boar|deas|mion|Dhá thíogar Bheangál ag ionsaí [[torc allta]] in [[Anaclann Tíogair Kanha]]]] The tiger attacks from behind or at the sides and tries to knock the target off balance. It latches onto prey with its forelimbs, twisting and turning during the struggle and tries to pull it to the ground. The tiger generally applies a [[Throat clamp|bite to the throat]] until its victim dies of [[strangulation]].<ref name="Mazak1981" />{{sfn|Thapar|2004|p=121}}{{sfn|Schaller|1967|p=295}}{{sfn|Mills|2004|p=24}} It has an average bite force at the canine tips of 1234.3 [[Newton (unit)|newtons]].<ref>{{cite journal|author=Christiansen, P.|year=2007|title=Canine morphology in the larger Felidae: implications for feeding ecology|journal=Biological Journal of the Linnean Society|volume=91|issue=4|pages=573–592|doi=10.1111/j.1095-8312.2007.00819.x|doi-access=free}}</ref> Holding onto the throat puts the cat out of reach of horns, antlers, tusks and hooves.{{sfn|Thapar|2004|p=121}}{{sfn|Schaller|1967|pp=295–296}} Tigers are adaptable killers and may use other methods, including ripping the throat or breaking the neck. Large prey may be disabled by a bite to the back of the [[Hock (anatomy)|hock]], severing the tendon. Swipes from the large paws are capable of stunning or breaking the skull of a [[water buffalo]].{{sfn|Thapar|2004|p=126}} They kill small prey with a bite to the back of the neck or head.{{sfn|Schaller|1967|p=289}}<ref name="Sunquist2010" /> Estimates of the [[Hunting success|success rate]] for hunting tigers range from a low of 5% to a high of 50%. They are sometimes killed or injured by large or dangerous prey like gaur, buffalo and boar.<ref name="Sunquist2010" /> Tigers typically move kills to a private, usually vegetated spot no further than {{cvt|183|m}}, though they have been recorded dragging them {{cvt|549|m}}. They are strong enough to drag the carcass of a fully grown buffalo for some distance. They rest for a while before eating and can consume as much as {{cvt|50|kg}} of meat in one session, but feed on a carcass for several days, leaving little for scavengers.{{sfn|Schaller|1967|pp=297–300}} === Iomaitheoirí === [[Íomhá:Tigerdholes.jpg|alt=Painting of dhole pack attacking a tiger|mion|Léaráid ón bhliain 1807 de [[Madra fiáin Áiseach|madraí fiáine Áiseacha]] ag ionsaí tíogair]] In much of their range, tigers share habitat with leopards and [[Dhole|dholes]]. They typically dominate both of them, though with dholes it depends on their pack size. Interactions between the three predators involve chasing, [[Kleptoparasitism|stealing kills]] and direct killing.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Srivathsa|first1=A.|last2=Ramachandran|first2=V.|last3=Saravanan|first3=P.|last4=Sureshbabu|first4=A.|last5=Ganguly|first5=D.|last6=Ramakrishnan|first6=U.|year=2023|title=Topcats and underdogs: intraguild interactions among three apex carnivores across Asia's forestscapes|journal=Biological Reviews|volume=98|issue=6|pages=2114–2135|doi=10.1111/brv.12998|pmid=37449566|s2cid=259903849|name-list-style=amp}}</ref> Large dhole packs may kill tigers.{{sfn|Thapar|2004|p=136}} Tigers, leopards and dholes coexist by hunting different sized prey.<ref name="Karanth">{{cite journal|last=Karanth|first=K. U.|author2=Sunquist, M. E.|name-list-style=amp|year=2000|title=Behavioural correlates of predation by tiger (''Panthera tigris''), leopard (''Panthera pardus'') and dhole (''Cuon alpinus'') in Nagarahole, India|journal=Journal of Zoology|volume=250|pages=255–265|doi=10.1111/j.1469-7998.2000.tb01076.x|issue=2}}</ref> In [[Nagarhole National Park]], the average weight for tiger kills was found to be {{cvt|91.5|kg}}, compared to {{cvt|37.6|kg}} for leopards and {{cvt|43.4|kg}} for dholes.<ref name="KaranthSunquist1995">{{cite journal|author1=Karanth, K. U.|author2=Sunquist, M. E.|name-list-style=amp|title=Prey selection by tiger, leopard and dhole in tropical forests|jstor=5647|doi=10.2307/5647|journal=Journal of Animal Ecology|volume=64|issue=4|year=1995|pages=439–450|bibcode=1995JAnEc..64..439K}}</ref> In [[Kui Buri National Park]], following a reduction in prey numbers, tigers continued to kill favoured prey while leopards and dholes increased their consumption of small prey.<ref name="Steinmetz_al2021" /> Both leopards and dholes can live successfully in tiger habitat when there is abundant food and vegetation cover.<ref name="Karanth" /><ref>{{cite journal|author1=Odden, M.|name-list-style=amp|author2=Wegge, P.|author3=Fredriksen, T.|year=2010|title=Do tigers displace leopards? If so, why?|journal=Ecological Research|volume=25|issue=4|pages=875–881|doi=10.1007/s11284-010-0723-1|bibcode=2010EcoR...25..875O}}</ref> Otherwise, they appear to be less common where tigers are numerous. The recovery of the tiger population in [[Rajaji National Park]] during the 2000s led to a reduction in leopard population densities.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Harihar|first1=A.|last2=Pandav|first2=B.|last3=Goyal|first3=S. P.|year=2011|title=Responses of leopard ''Panthera pardus'' to the recovery of a tiger ''Panthera tigris'' population|journal=Journal of Applied Ecology|volume=48|issue=3|pages=806–814|doi=10.1111/j.1365-2664.2011.01981.x|doi-access=free|bibcode=2011JApEc..48..806H|name-list-style=amp}}</ref> Similarly, at two sites in central India the size of dhole packs was negatively correlated with tiger densities.<ref>{{cite journal|author1=Habib, B.|name-list-style=amp|author2=Nigam P.|author3=Ghaskadbi P.|author4=Bhandari A.|year=2021|title=Dhole pack size variation: Assessing the effect of prey availability and apex predator|journal=Ecology and Evolution|volume=11|issue=9|pages=4774–4785|doi=10.1002/ece3.7380|pmid=33976847|pmc=8093734|bibcode=2021EcoEv..11.4774B}}</ref> Leopard and dhole distribution in Kui Buri correlated with both prey access and tiger scarcity.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Steinmetz|first1=R.|last2=Seuaturien|first2=N.|last3=Chutipong|first3=W.|name-list-style=amp|year=2013|title=Tigers, leopards, and dholes in a half-empty forest: Assessing species interactions in a guild of threatened carnivores|journal=Biological Conservation|volume=163|pages=68–78|doi=10.1016/j.biocon.2012.12.016|bibcode=2013BCons.163...68S}}</ref> In [[Jigme Dorji National Park]], tigers were found to inhabit the deeper parts of forests while the smaller predators were pushed closer to the fringes.<ref>{{cite journal|author=Thinley, P.|author2=Rajaratnam, R.|author3=Lassoie, J. P.|author4=Morreale, S. J.|author5=Curtis, P. D.|author6=Vernes, K.|author7=Leki Leki|author8=Phuntsho, S.|author9=Dorji, T.|author10=Dorji, P.|name-list-style=amp|year=2018|title=The ecological benefit of tigers (''Panthera tigris'') to farmers in reducing crop and livestock losses in the eastern Himalayas: Implications for conservation of large apex predators|journal=Biological Conservation|volume=219|pages=119–125|doi=10.1016/j.biocon.2018.01.015|doi-access=free|bibcode=2018BCons.219..119T}}</ref> === Atáirgeadh agus saolré === {{Redirect|Tiger cub|other uses|Tiger Cub (disambiguation){{!}}Tiger Cub}} [[Íomhá:Tigeress_with_cubs_in_Kanha_Tiger_reserve.jpg|alt=Tiger with cubs|mion|Clann tíogair Bheangál in Anaclann Tíogair Kanha]] The tiger generally [[Mating|mates]] all year round, particularly between November and April. A tigress is in oestrus for three to six days at a time, separated by three to nine week intervals.<ref name="Mazak1981" /> A resident male mates with all the females within his home range, who signal their receptiveness by roaring and marking.{{sfn|Mills|2004|p=42}}{{sfn|Thapar|2004|p=145}} Younger, transient males are also attracted, leading to a fight in which the more dominant, resident male drives the usurper off.<ref name="Sankhala">{{cite journal|last1=Sankhala|first1=K. S.|year=1967|title=Breeding behaviour of the tiger ''Panthera tigris'' in Rajasthan|journal=International Zoo Yearbook|volume=7|issue=1|pages=133–147|doi=10.1111/j.1748-1090.1967.tb00354.x}}</ref>{{sfn|Mills|2004|p=42}} During courtship, the male is cautious with the female until she shows readiness to mate by positioning herself in [[Lordosis behavior|lordosis]] with her tail to the side. [[Copulation (zoology)|Copulation]] typically lasts no more than 20 seconds, with the male biting the female by the scruff of her neck. After it is finished, the male quickly pulls away as the female may turn and slap him.{{sfn|Mills|2004|p=42}} Tiger pairs may stay together for up to four days and mate multiple times.{{sfn|Thapar|2004|p=148}} [[Gestation]] lasts around or over three months.<ref name="Mazak1981" /> A tigress gives birth in a secluded location, be it in dense vegetation, in a cave or under a rocky shelter.{{sfn|Thapar|2004|p=45}} [[Litter (zoology)|Litters]] consist of as many as seven cubs, but two or three are more typical.<ref name="Sankhala" />{{sfn|Thapar|2004|p=45}} Newborn cubs weigh {{cvt|785|–|1610|g}} and are blind and underdeveloped ([[Precociality and altriciality|altricial]]).{{sfn|Thapar|2004|p=45}} The mother licks and cleans her cubs, suckles them and viciously defends them from any potential threat.<ref name="Sankhala" /> Cubs open their eyes at the age of three to 14 days and their vision becomes clear after a few more weeks.{{sfn|Thapar|2004|p=45}} They can leave the denning site after two months and around the same time they start eating meat.<ref name="Sankhala" />{{sfn|Mills|2004|pp=50–51}} The mother only leaves them alone to hunt and even then she does not travel far.{{sfn|Mills|2004|p=50}} When she suspects an area is no longer safe, she moves her cubs to a new spot, transporting them one by one by grabbing them by the scruff of the neck with her mouth.{{sfn|Thapar|2004|p=51}} A tigress in Sikhote-Alin Biosphere Reserve maximised the time spent with her cubs by reducing her home range, killing larger prey and returning to her den more rapidly than without cubs; when the cubs started to eat meat, she took them to kill sites, thereby optimising their protection and access to food.<ref>{{cite journal|author1=Petrunenko, Y. K.|name-list-style=amp|author2=Seryodkin, I. V.|author3=Bragina, E. V.|author4=Soutyrina, S. S.|author5=Mukhacheva, A. S.|author6=Rybin, N. N.|author7=Miquelle, D. G.|year=2019|title=How does a tigress balance the opposing constraints of raising cubs?|journal=Mammal Research|volume=65|issue=2|pages=245–253|doi=10.1007/s13364-019-00466-x}}</ref> In the same reserve, one of 21 cubs died in over eight years of monitoring and mortality did not differ between male and female juveniles.<ref>{{cite journal|author1=Robinson, H. S.|name-list-style=amp|author2=Goodrich, J. M.|author3=Miquelle, D. G.|author4=Miller, C. S.|author5=Seryodkin, I. V.|year=2015|title=Mortality of Amur tigers: The more things change, the more they stay the same|journal=Integrative Zoology|volume=10|issue=4|pages=344–353|doi=10.1111/1749-4877.12147|pmid=26096683}}</ref> Tiger monitoring over six years in [[Ranthambore Tiger Reserve]] indicated an average annual survival rate of around 85 percent for 74 male and female cubs; survival rate increased to 97 percent for both males and female juveniles of one to two years of age.<ref name="Sadhu2017">{{cite journal|author1=Sadhu, A.|name-list-style=amp|author2=Jayam, P. P. C.|author3=Qureshi, Q.|author4=Shekhawat, R. S.|author5=Sharma, S.|author6=Jhala, Y. V.|year=2017|title=Demography of a small, isolated tiger (''Panthera tigris tigris'') population in a semi-arid region of western India|journal=BMC Zoology|volume=2|article-number=16|doi=10.1186/s40850-017-0025-y|doi-access=free}}</ref> Causes of cub mortality include predators, floods, fires, death of the mother and fatal injuries.{{sfn|Thapar|2004|p=51}}{{sfn|Mills|2004|p=51}}<ref name="Barlow2009">{{cite journal|author1=Barlow, A. C. D.|name-list-style=amp|author2=McDougal, C.|author3=Smith, J. L. D.|author4=Gurung, B.|author5=Bhatta, S. R.|author6=Kumal, S.|author7=Mahato, B.|author8=Taman, D. B.|year=2009|title=Temporal variation in Tiger (''Panthera tigris'') populations and its implications for monitoring|journal=Journal of Mammalogy|volume=90|issue=2|pages=472–478|doi=10.1644/07-MAMM-A-415.1|bibcode=2009JMamm..90..472B|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref name="Sadhu2017" /> [[Íomhá:Panthera_tigris_altaica_13_-_Buffalo_Zoo.jpg|alt=Tigress with cub in snow|mion|Tíogar Amúrach baineann lena coileán i [[Zú Buffalo]]]] After around two months, the cubs are able to follow their mother. They still hide in vegetation when she goes hunting. Young bond through play fighting and practice stalking. A hierarchy develops in the litter, with the biggest cub, often a male, being the most dominant and the first to eat its fill at a kill.{{sfn|Mills|2004|pp=61, 66–67}} Around the age of six months, cubs are fully weaned and have more freedom to explore their environment. Between eight and ten months, they accompany their mother on hunts.{{sfn|Thapar|2004|p=63}} A cub can make a kill as early as 11 months and reach independence as a juvenile of 18 to 24 months of age; males become independent earlier than females.{{sfn|Schaller|1967|pp=270, 276}}<ref name="Sadhu2017" /> Radio-collared tigers in Chitwan started leaving their natal areas at the age of 19 months.<ref name="Smith1993">{{cite journal|last=Smith|first=J. L. D.|year=1993|title=The role of dispersal in structuring the Chitwan tiger population|volume=124|journal=Behaviour|issue=3|pages=165–195|doi=10.1163/156853993X00560}}</ref> Young females are [[Sexual maturity|sexually mature]] at three to four years, whereas males are at four to five years.<ref name="Mazak1981" /> [[Generation time|Generation length]] of the tiger is about 7–10 years.<ref>{{cite journal|title=Generation length for mammals|author=Pacifici, M.|author2=Santini, L.|author3=Di Marco, M.|author4=Baisero, D.|author5=Francucci, L.|author6=Grottolo Marasini, G.|author7=Visconti, P.|author8=Rondinini, C.|journal=Nature Conservation|year=2013|volume=5|issue=5|pages=87–94|doi=10.3897/natureconservation.5.5734|doi-access=free|name-list-style=amp}}</ref> Wild Bengal tigers live 12–15 years.<ref>{{cite journal|author=Majumder, A.|year=2023|title=Survival strategy – Temporal segregation of different age and sex classes of a Bengal tiger (''Panthera tigris tigris'' Linnaeus) population in Pench Tiger Reserve, Madhya Pradesh India|journal=Journal of Animal Diversity|volume=5|issue=3|pages=43–54|doi=10.61186/JAD.2023.5.3.5|doi-access=free}}</ref> Data from the International Tiger [[Studbook]] 1938–2018 indicate that captive tigers lived up to 19 years.<ref>{{cite journal|author1=Tidière, M.|name-list-style=amp|author2=Müller, P.|author3=Sliwa, A.|author4=Siberchicot, A.|author5=Douay, G.|year=2021|title=Sex-specific actuarial and reproductive senescence in zoo-housed tiger (''Panthera tigris''): The importance of sub-species for conservation|journal=Zoo Biology|volume=40|issue=4|pages=320–329|doi=10.1002/zoo.21610|pmid=33861886|url=https://findresearcher.sdu.dk/ws/files/182491417/zoo.21610.pdf}}</ref> The father does not play a role in raising the young, but he encounters and interacts with them. The resident male appears to visit the female–cub families within his home range. They socialise and even share kills.{{sfn|Mills|2004|pp=59, 89}}{{sfn|Thapar|2004|pp=55–56}} One male was recorded looking after cubs whose mother had died.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-south-asia-13598386|work=BBC News|author=Pandey, G.|date=2011|title=India male tiger plays doting dad to orphaned cubs|access-date=14 February 2024|archive-date=8 April 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240408231242/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-south-asia-13598386|url-status=live}}</ref> By defending his home range, the male protects the females and cubs from other males.{{sfn|Mills|2004|p=59}} When a new male takes over, dependent cubs are at risk of [[Infanticide (zoology)|infanticide]] as the male attempts to sire his own young with the females.{{sfn|Thapar|2004|p=66}} A seven-year long study in Chitwan National Park revealed that 12 of 56 detected cubs and juveniles were killed by new males taking over home ranges.<ref name="Barlow2009" /> === Sláinte agus galair === Tá taifid ann de thíogair mar óstaigh sheadáin éagsúla amhail péisteanna ribíneacha cosúil le ''[[Diphyllobothrium]] erinacei'', ''[[Taenia pisiformis]]'' san India agus speicis ''[[Toxocara]]'' san India agus speicis ''[[Physaloptera]] preputialis'', ''[[Dirofilaria]] ursi'' agus ''Uiteinarta'' sa tSibéir.<ref name=":8" /> Tá sé ar eolas go mbíonn [[conslaod]] le fáil i dtíogair Amúracha.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Canine Distemper Virus: an Emerging Disease in Wild Endangered Amur Tigers ( Panthera tigris altaica )|url=https://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/mBio.00410-13|journal=mBio|date=2013|issn=2161-2129|pmc=3747579|pmid=23943758|volume=4|issue=4|doi=10.1128/mBio.00410-13|language=en|author=Seimon, T. A.; Miquelle, D. G.; Chang, T. Y.; Newton, A. L.; Korotkova, I.; Ivanchuk, G.; Lyubchenko, E.; Tupikov, A.; Slabe, E. & McAloose, D.}}</ref> Ionfhabhtú morbillivíris is é is dóichí a bheith mar chúis báis tíogair bhaininn i gCianoirthear na Rúise a raibh tástáil dhearfach ar an [[Painleocaipéine fhéilíneach|phainleocaipéine fhéilíneach]] agus an [[Coróinvíreas féilíneach|choróinvíreas fhéilíneach]] aici.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Morbillivirus Infection in a Wild Siberian Tiger in the Russian Far East|url=https://meridian.allenpress.com/jwd/article/46/4/1252/121390/Morbillivirus-Infection-in-a-Wild-Siberian-Tiger|journal=Journal of Wildlife Diseases|date=2010|issn=0090-3558|pages=1252–1256|volume=46|issue=4|doi=10.7589/0090-3558-46.4.1252|language=en|author=Quigley, K. S.; Evermann, J. F.; Leathers, C. W.; Armstrong, D. L.; Goodrich, J.; Duncan, N. M. & Miquelle, D. G.}}</ref> Léirigh samplaí fola ó 11 tíogair fhásta sa Neipeal [[antasubstaintí]] le haghaidh [[Conpharvaivíreas|conpharvaivíris]]-2, [[Heirpéasvíreas féilíneach|heirpéasvíris fhéilínigh]], córóinvíris féilínigh, [[Leiptispioróis|leiptispioróise]] agus ''[[Toxoplasma gondii]]''.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Serologic Survey of Selected Pathogens in Free-Ranging Bengal Tigers (Panthera tigris tigris) in Nepal|url=https://meridian.allenpress.com/jwd/article/57/2/393/451344/Serologic-Survey-of-Selected-Pathogens-in-Free|journal=Journal of Wildlife Diseases|date=2021|issn=0090-3558|volume=57|issue=2|doi=10.7589/JWD-D-20-00046|author=McCauley, D.; Stout, V.; Gairhe, K. P.; Sadaula, A.; Dubovi, E.; Subedi, S. & Kaufman, G. E.}}</ref> == Bagairtí == == Caomhnú == {{Main|Caomhnú an Tíogair}} ''Tuilleadh Eolais: [[Tíogar na 21ú hAoise]]'' {| class="wikitable sortable floatright" |+ Pobal domhanda na dtíogar fiáin !Tír !Bliain !Meastachán |- | {{flagicon|India}} [[An India]]|| 2022 || align="right" |3,167–3,682<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|author=Qureshi, Q.; Jhala, Y. V.; Yadav, S. P. & Mallick, A.|date=2023|url=https://wii.gov.in/images//images/documents/publications/statu_tiger_copredators-2022.pdf|title=Status of tigers, co-predators and prey in India 2022 (PDF)|publisher=National Tiger Conservation Authority & Wildlife Institute of India|location=Deilí Nua, Dehradun}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240505145403/https://wii.gov.in/images//images/documents/publications/statu_tiger_copredators-2022.pdf |date=2024-05-05 }}</ref> |- | {{flagicon|Russia}} [[An Rúis]]|| 2022 || align="right" |573–600<ref name=":5">{{Lua idirlín|teideal=Global Tiger Recovery Program 2.0 (2023-34)|url=https://globaltigerforum.org/global-tiger-recovery-program-2-0-2023-34/|dátarochtana=01-12-2025|language=en-US|foilsitheoir=Global Tiger Forum}}</ref> |- | {{Bratach|Indonesia}} [[An Indinéis]]|| 2022 || align="right" |393<ref name=":5" /> |- | {{Bratach|Nepal}} [[Neipeal]]|| 2022 || align="right" |316–355<ref>{{cite book|year=2022|title=Status of Tigers and Prey in Nepal 2022|location=Kathmandu, Neipeal|publisher=Department of National Parks and Wildlife Conservation and Department of Forests and Soil Conservation. Ministry of Forests and Environment|url=https://dnpwc.gov.np/media/files/Status_of_Tigers_Ic2ylSC.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230408104009/https://dnpwc.gov.np/media/files/Status_of_Tigers_Ic2ylSC.pdf|author=DNPWC & DFSC}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230408104009/https://dnpwc.gov.np/media/files/Status_of_Tigers_Ic2ylSC.pdf |date=2023-04-08 }}</ref> |- | {{Bratach|Thailand}} [[An Téalainn]]|| 2022 || align="right" |148–189<ref name=":5" /> |- | {{Bratach|Malaysia}} [[An Mhalaeisia]]|| 2022 || align="right" |<150<ref name=":5" /> |- | {{Bratach|Bhutan}} [[An Bhútáin]]|| 2022 || align="right" |131<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|author=Department of Forests and Park Services|date=2023|title=National Tiger Survey 2021–22|publisher=Rialtas na Bútaine|location=Thimphu}}</ref> |- | {{Bratach|Bangladesh}} [[An Bhanglaidéis]]|| 2022|| align="right" |118–122<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|author=Begum, S.|date=30 Iúil 2024|title=Tiger population in Sundarban rises by 8-10pc in 2024|publisher=Daily Observer|url=https://www.observerbd.com/news.php?id=482816}}</ref> |- | {{Bratach|China}} [[An tSín]]|| 2022 || align="right"|>60<ref name=":5" /> |- | {{Bratach|Myanmar}} [[Maenmar]]|| 2022 || align="right" |28<ref name=":5" /> |- | '''Iomlán'''|| || align="right" |'''5,638–5,899''' |} Tá an chuma ar an scéal nach bhfuil ach 5000-7000 tíogar fágtha ar domhan. Meastar go bhfuil níos lú na 2500 tíogar fásta sa nádúr. Timpeall na bliana 1900 bhí 100,000 tíogar ann. Bhí naoi bhfospeiceas ann tráth. Ach tá tíogar Bhailí, an tíogar Iávach agus an tíogar Caispeach imithe in éag. Níl ach sé fhospeiceas ann anois, agus iad uile i mbaol: * An [[Tíogar Bheangál]]:<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Bengal tiger|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bengal_tiger|journal=Wikipedia|date=2024-12-11|language=en}}</ref> níos lú na 2000 fágtha * An [[Tíogar Ind-Síneach]]:<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Indochinese tiger|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indochinese_tiger|journal=Wikipedia|date=2024-09-12|language=en}}</ref> 1200-1800 * An [[Tíogar Malaech]]:<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Malayan tiger|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malayan_tiger|journal=Wikipedia|date=2024-12-28|language=en}}</ref> 600-800 * An [[Tíogar Sumatrach]]: 400-500 * An [[Tíogar Amúrach]] (sa [[An tSibéir|tSibéir]]): 400-550. Sna 1940idí ní raibh ach 40 tíogar Amúrach fágtha ach tá suas le 550 ann anois mar cuireadh stop leis an sealgaireacht. * [[Tíogar na Síne Theas]]:<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=South China tiger|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_China_tiger|journal=Wikipedia|date=2024-11-27|language=en}}</ref> díobhaí sa nádúr; 59 i zúnna Tá a ghnáthóg á chailliúint ag an tíogar. Tá an fuadach tíograch coitianta agus maraítear tíogair beagnach gach lá mar úsáidtear a bhfionnadh agus a gcoirp sa leigheas traidisiúnta. == Féach freisin == * An [[Tíogar Sumatrach]] agus an [[Tíogar Amúrach]] * [[An Tíogar Ceilteach]] == Tagairtí == {{Reflist}} == Leabharliosta == * {{Citation |last=Thapar |first=V. |title=Tiger: The Ultimate Guide |date=2004 |url=https://archive.org/details/tigerultimategui0000thap/mode/2up |place=Deilí Nua |publisher=CDS Books |isbn=1-59315-024-5}} * {{Citation |last=Green |first=S. |title=Tiger |date=2006 |issue=2 |place=Londain |publisher=Reaktion Books |isbn=978-1-86189-276-8}} * {{Citation |title=The Encyclopedia of Mammals |date=2001 |issue=2 |editor-last=MacDonald |editor-first=D. |place=Oxford |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-7607-1969-5}} * {{Citation |last=Tilson |first=R. |title=Tigers of the World: The Science, Politics and Conservation of Panthera tigris |date=2010 |issue=2 |place=Londain |publisher=Academic Press |isbn=978-0-08-094751-8 |last2=Nyhus |first2=P. J.}} * {{Citation |last=Mills |first=S. |title=Tiger |date=2004 |url=https://archive.org/details/tiger0000mill/mode/2up |archive-url= |place=Richmond Hill |publisher=Firefly Books |isbn=1-55297-949-0}} * {{Citation |last=Schaller |first=G. B. |title=The Deer and the Tiger: A Study of Wildlife in India |date=1967 |url=https://archive.org/details/deertigerstudyof0000scha/page/n419/mode/2up |place=Chicago |publisher=University of Chicago Press |isbn=0-226-73631-8}} * {{Citation |last=Seidensticker |first=J |title=Riding the Tiger: Tiger Conservation in Human-Dominated Landscapes |date=1999 |url=https://archive.org/details/ridingtigertiger00unse |place=Cambridge |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-64835-6 |last2=Christie |first2=S |last3=Jackson |first3=P}} * {{Citation |last=Sludskii |first=A. A. |title=Tiger Panthera tigris Linnaeus, 1758 |date=1992 |work=Mlekopitajuščie Sovetskogo Soiuza. Moskva: Vysšaia Škola [Mamaigh an Aontais Shóivéadaigh] |volume=II, Part 2. Carnivora (Hyaenas and Cats) |pages=95–202 |editor-last=Heptner |editor-first=V. G. |editor-last2=Sludskii |editor-first2=A. A. |url=https://archive.org/stream/mammalsofsov221992gept#page/94/mode/2up |place=Washington DC |publisher=Smithsonian Institution and the National Science Foundation |isbn=978-90-04-08876-4}} {{síol ainmhí}} [[Catagóir:Tíogair]] [[Catagóir:Cait]] f116zaox0tjo6jsay0jlicjg23xmb0v 1321733 1321732 2026-07-26T20:43:38Z An Sionnach Rua 29036 /* Éagsúlacht dhatha */ gramadach 1321733 wikitext text/x-wiki {{WD Bosca Sonraí Ainmhí Bheo}} [[File:A walk with the Tigress.webm|thumb|right|tíogar]] Is cat mór é an '''tíogar''' ('''''Panthera tigris''''')<ref name="Tearma">{{Cite web-en|url=https://www.tearma.ie/q/Panthera%20tigris/|title=“Panthera tigris” {{!}} téarma.ie|publisher=[[An Coiste Téarmaíochta]]|work=[[Téarma.ie]]: An Bunachar Náisiúnta Téarmaíochta don Ghaeilge|access-date=2023-06-26}}</ref><ref name="Linn1758" /> ar ball é den ghéineas ''[[Panthera]]'' a thagann ón [[An Áise|Áise]] ó dhúchas. Tá corp láidir agus matánach aige a bhfuil ceann agus lapaí móra, eireaball fada agus fionnadh flannbhuí le stríoca dubha atá ceartingearach don chuid is mó air. Rangaítear in naoi [[Fospeiceas|bhfospeiceas]] [[Holaicéineach|reatha]] é go traidisiúnta cé nach n-aithníonn roinnt daoine agus eagraíochtaí ach an dá fhospeiceas, tíogair na mórthíre Áisí agus tíogair oileáin na [[Oileáin Sunda|nOileán Sunda]]. Cuireann an tíogar faoi i bhforaoisí den chuid is mó, idir [[Foraois leathanduilleach agus mheasctha mheasartha|foraoisí leathanduilleacha agus measctha measartha]] agus [[Cónaiféar|buaircíneach]] i [[Cianoirthear na Rúise|gCianoirthear na Rúise]] agus [[Oirthuaisceart na Síne]] agus [[Foraois leathanduilleach thais thrópaiceach agus fhothrópaiceach|foraoisí leathanduilleacha taise trópaiceacha agus fothrópaiceacha]] i [[Fo-ilchríoch na hIndia|bhfo-ilchríoch na hIndia]] agus in [[Oirdheisceart na hÁise]]. Is [[buaicchreachadóir]] é an tíogar a chreachann [[Crúbach|crúbaigh]] roimh a ndéanann sé luíochán go príomha. Caitheann sé saol atá aonarach go hiondúil agus bíonn [[raon baile]] a chosnaíonn sé roimh indibhidiúil den ghnéas chéanna aige. Forluíonn raon an fhireannaigh raoin go leor baineannach lena chúplálann sé. De ghnáth, beireann an baineannach idir dhá agus trí choileán a fhanann lena máthair ar feadh dhá bhliain. Nuair a bhíonn na coileáin neamhspleách, fágann siad raon baile a máthar agus bunaíonn siad a raon féin. Ó bhlianta luaithe na fichiú haoise, is in ísle a ndeachaigh raon baile na dtíogar agus ar a laghad 93% dá raon stairiúil caillte acu; tá siad [[Díothú áitiúil|díothaithe go háitiúil]] in [[Iarthar na hÁise|Iarthar]] agus i [[Lár na hÁise]] agus i gcodanna móra na [[An tSín|Síne]] chomh maith leis na hoileáin [[Iáva]] agus [[Bailí]]. Tá raon an tíogair scoilte go dona sa lá atá inniu ann. Liostaítear mar [[Speiceas i mbaol (Stádas AICD)|speiceas i mbaol]] é ar [[Liosta Dearg an AICD de Speicis i mBaol]] mar meastar gur laghdaigh a raon idir 53% go 68% ó bhí na 1990idí déanacha ann. Tá go leor bagairtí móra ag cur le stádas reatha na dtíogar idir [[Scriosadh gnáthóige|scriosadh]] agus [[Ilroinnt gnáthóige|ilroinnt a ngnáthóige]] mar gheall ar [[Dífhoraoisiú|dhífhoraoisiú]], [[póitseáil]] ar son a bhfionnaidh agus trádáil mhídhleathach a gcodanna coirp ar mhaithe le cúrsaí leighis. Is íospartaigh na [[An choinbhleacht daonna-fiadhúlra|coinbhleachta daonna-fiadhúlra]] iad na tíogair fosta mar ionsaíonn agus creachann siad an beostoc i gceantair nach bhfuil mórán creach nádúrtha le fáil iontu. Tá cosaint dhlíthiúil ag an tíogar in chuile thír laistigh dá raon. Cuimsíonn cuir chuige náisiúnta pleananna gníomhaíochta, [[patróil fhrith-phóitseála]] agus scéimeanna monatóireachta líon na dtíogar. Bunaíodh [[Conair fhiadhúlra|conairí fiadhúlra]] i gcuid mhaith de na tíortha laistigh dá raon agus tá athbhunú tíogar pleanáilte iontu.<ref name=":3">{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Panthera tigris|url=https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/15955/214862019|date=2021-12-15|doi=10.2305/iucn.uk.2022-1.rlts.t15955a214862019.en|language=en|author=Goodrich, J., Wibisono, H., Miquelle, D., Lynam, A.J., Sanderson, E., Chapman, S., Gray, T.N.E., Chanchani, P. & Harihar, A.|journal=The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species|publisher=IUCN}}</ref> Tá an tíogar ar cheann de na [[Mórfhána carasmatach|mórfhánaí carasmatacha]] is mó a bhfuil tóir air ar fud an domhain. Bhíodh an tíogar i ngéibheann ón chéad lá riamh agus traenáladh é chun seónna a chur ar fáil i [[Sorcas|sorcais]] agus cláracha siamsaíochta eile. Chonacthas an tíogar go forleathan i [[miotaseolaíocht]] agus i [[Béaloideas|mbéaloideas]] ársa na gcultúr fud fad a raon stairiúil agus [[Léirithe cultúrtha an tíogair|chonacthas fós i gcultúr]] ar fud an domhain é sa lá atá inniu ann. == Sanasaíocht == Síolraíonn an [[Seanbhéarla]] ''tigras'' ón [[Seanfhraincis|tSeanfhraincis]] ''tigre'', ón [[An Laidin|Laidin]] ''tigris'', ar iasacht é de ''tigris'' ([[An tSean-Ghréigis|Sean-Ghréigis]]: τίγρις).<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|author=Liddell, H. G. & Scott, R. (Sir Henry Stuart Jones, Roderick McKenzie eag.)|date=1940|url=https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3Dti%2Fgris|title="τίγρις".|journal=A Greek-English Lexicon|publisher=Clarendon Press|location=Oxford|accessdate=21 Feabhra 2021}}</ref> Ón aimsir ársa, meastar go síolraíonn an focal ''tigris'' ón fhocal [[An Airméinis|Arméiniseach]] nó [[An Pheirsis|Pheirsiseach]] ar 'saighead' ar féidir leis a bheith ina bhunús d'ainm abhainn na [[An Tígris|Tigrise]].<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|author=Varro, M. T.; Kent, R. G.|date=1938|url=https://archive.org/details/onlatinlanguage01varruoft/page/96/mode/2up|title="De lingua latina" [On the Latin Language]|journal="XX. Ferarum vocabula" [XX. The names of wild beasts]|pages=lgh. 94-97|publisher=W. Heinemann|location=Londain}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Naming the Tiger in the Early Modern World|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/26560471|journal=Renaissance Quarterly|date=2017|issn=0034-4338|pages=977–1006|volume=70|issue=3|author=David Thorley|doi=10.1086/693884. JSTOR 26560471}}</ref> Sa lá atá inniu ann, áfach, glactar leis gur comhainm atá iontu agus nach bhfuil gaol ar bith ann idir ainm an ainmhí agus na habhann.<ref name=":0" /> == Tacsanomaíocht == Rinne an luibheolaí Sulannach [[Carl von Linné]] an chéad chur síos eolaíoch ar an tíogar ina shaothar ''[[Systema Naturae]]'', áit a fuair sé an [[Ainmníocht dhéthéarmach|t-ainm déthéarmach]] ''Felis tigris'', mar ba ghnách ag an am an géineas ''Felis'' a úsáid le haghaidh na cait ar fad. Bunaítear an [[cur síos eolaíoch]] ar chuir síos a rinne nádúraithe níos luaithe amhail [[Conrad Gessner]] agus [[Ulisse Aldrovandi]].<ref name="Linn1758">{{luaigh foilseachán|author=Linnaeus, C.|year=1758|title=[https://archive.org/stream/mobot31753000798865#page/41/mode/2up "Felis tigris"] Caroli Linnæi Systema naturæ per regna tria naturæ, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis|volume=Tomus I|location=Holmiae|publisher=Laurentius Salvius|language=la|issue=decima, reformata|pages=lch. 41}}</ref> Is in 1929 a chuir [[Reginald Innes Pocock]] an speiceas sa ghéineas ''[[Panthera]]'' faoin ainm dhéthéarmach ''Panthera tigris''.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|author=Pocock, R. I.|date=1929|title=Tigers|journal=Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society|volume=33|issue=3|pages=lgh. 505–541|url=https://archive.org/details/journalofbomb33341929bomb/page/n133}}</ref><ref name=":2" /> === Fospeiceas === {{Anchor|Pobail}}Moladh naoi [[Fospeiceas|bhfospeiceas]] tíogar [[Holaicéineach|reatha]] idir luathbhlianta na 19ú hAois agus na 21ú hAois agus is iad sin an [[tíogar Bheangál]], [[Tíogar Malaech|Malaech]], [[Tíogar Ind-Síneach|Ind-Síneach]], [[Tíogar na Síne Theas|na Síne Theas]], [[Tíogar Amúrach|Amúrach]], [[Tíogar Caispeach|Caispeach]], [[Tíogar Iávach|Iávach]], [[Tíogar Bailí|Bailí]] agus [[Tíogar Sumatrach|Sumatrach]].<ref name="MSW3">{{Luaigh foilseachán|author=[[W. Chris Wozencraft|Wozencraft, W. C.]]|date=2005|title=Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference|issue=3|publisher=Johns Hopkins University Press ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0. OCLC 62265494.|pages=lch. 546|coauthors=[http://www.departments.bucknell.edu/biology/resources/msw3/browse.asp?id=14000259 "Species ''Panthera tigris''"] In [[Don E. Wilson|Wilson, D. E.]]; Reeder, D. M. (eag.)|url=http://www.google.com/books?id=JgAMbNSt8ikC&pg=PA546}}</ref><ref name=Wilting2015/> Ceistíodh [[Bailíocht ainmnithe (zó-eolaíocht)|bailíocht]] cuid mhaith de na fospeicis mar bhí sé de nós an tráth sin iad a idirdhealú bunaithe ar dhath agus fhaid an fhionnaidh, patrúin stríoca agus méid na n-eiseamlár i mbailiúcháin [[Iarsmalann stair an dúlra|iarsmalanna stair an dúlra]] ar féidir nach n-ionadaíonn siad an pobal ar fad. Moladh gur cheart dhá fhospeiceas bailí tíogar a aithint, is iad sin ''P. t. tigris'' ar mhórthír na hÁise agus an speiceas níos lú ''P. t. sondaica'' sna [[Na hOileáin Sunda Mór|hOileáin Sunda Mór]].<ref name="Kitchener1999">Kitchener, A. (1999). "Tiger distribution, phenotypic variation and conservation issues" in {{harvnb|Seidensticker|Christie|Jackson|1999|lgh=19–39|lua=ref=Seidensticker, J.; Christie, S.; Jackson, P.}}, lgh. 19-39</ref> D'athdhearbhaíodh an moladh dhá fhospeicis arís sa bhliain 2015 trí anailís chuimsitheach a dhéanamh ar thréithe moirfeolaíocha, éiceolaíocha agus ADN miteacoindreacha (mtADN) chuile fhospeiceas toimhdean tíogar.<ref name="Wilting2015">{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Planning tiger recovery: Understanding intraspecific variation for effective conservation|url=https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4640610/|journal=Science Advances|date=Mí an Mheithimh 2015|issn=2375-2548|pmc=4640610|pmid=26601191|pages=e1400175|volume=1|issue=5|doi=10.1126/sciadv.1400175|author=Wilting, A.; Courtiol, A.; Christiansen, P.; Niedballa, J.; Scharf, A. K.; Orlando, L.; Balkenhol, N.; Hofer, H.; Kramer-Schadt, S.; Fickel, J. & Kitchener, A. C.}}</ref> In 2017, d'athbhreithnigh Tascfhórsa Catrangaithe Ghrúpa Sainréimse Cat an AICD tacsanomaíocht ''felid'' de réir an mholta dhá fhospeicis 2015 agus níor aithníodh ach ''P. t. tigris'' agus ''P. t. sondaica'' amháin.<ref name="catsg">{{Luaigh foilseachán|author=Kitchener, A. C.; Breitenmoser-Würsten, C.; Eizirik, E.; Gentry, A.; Werdelin, L.; Wilting, A.; Yamaguchi, N.; Abramov, A. V.; Christiansen, P.; Driscoll, C.; Duckworth, J. W.; Johnson, W.; Luo, S.-J.; Meijaard, E.; O'Donoghue, P.; Sanderson, J.; Seymour, K.; Bruford, M.; Groves, C.; Hoffmann, M.; Nowell, K.; Timmons, Z. & Tobe, S.|date=2017|url=https://repository.si.edu/bitstream/handle/10088/32616/A_revised_Felidae_Taxonomy_CatNews.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y#page=66|title=A revised taxonomy of the Felidae: The final report of the Cat Classification Task Force of the IUCN Cat Specialist Group (PDF).|journal=Cat News (Special Issue 11)|pages=lgh. 66-68}}</ref> Léirigh torthaí staidéar seicheamhaithe géinte iomláin 2018 de 32 sampla ón sé fhospeiceas toimhdean beo—an tíogar Bheangál, Malaech, Ind-Síneach, na Síne Theas, Amúrach agus Sumatrach—gur [[Clád|cláid]] shoiléire faoi leith iad.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Genome-Wide Evolutionary Analysis of Natural History and Adaptation in the World’s Tigers|url=https://www.cell.com/current-biology/abstract/S0960-9822(18)31214-4|journal=Current Biology|date=2018|issn=0960-9822|pmid=30482605|pages=3840–3849.e6|volume=28|issue=23|doi=10.1016/j.cub.2018.09.019|language=English|author=Liu, Y.-C.; Sun, X.; Driscoll, C.; Miquelle, D. G.; Xu, X.; Martelli, P.; Uphyrkina, O.; Smith, J. L. D.; O'Brien, S. J. & Luo, S.-J.}}</ref> Chomhthacaíodh leis na torthaí arís in 2021 agus 2023.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Recent Evolutionary History of Tigers Highlights Contrasting Roles of Genetic Drift and Selection|url=https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8136513/|journal=Molecular Biology and Evolution|date=2021|issn=1537-1719|pmc=8136513|pmid=33592092|pages=2366–2379|volume=38|issue=6|doi=10.1093/molbev/msab032|author=Armstrong, E. E.; Khan, A.; Taylor, R. W.; Gouy, A.; Greenbaum, G.; Thiéry, A; Kang, J. T.; Redondo, S. A.; Prost, S.; Barsh, G.; Kaelin, C.; Phalke, S.; Chugani, A.; Gilbert, M.; Miquelle, D.; Zachariah, A.; Borthakur, U.; Reddy, A.; Louis, E.; Ryder, O. A.; Jhala, Y. V.; Petrov, D.; Excoffier, L.; Hadly, E. & Ramakrishnan, U.}}</ref><ref name="Wang2023">{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Population genomic analysis provides evidence of the past success and future potential of South China tiger captive conservation|url=https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10111772/|journal=BMC biology|date=2023|issn=1741-7007|pmc=10111772|pmid=37069598|pages=64|volume=21|issue=1|doi=10.1186/s12915-023-01552-y|author=Wang, C.; Wu, D. D.; Yuan, Y. H.; Yao, M. C.; Han, J. L.; Wu, Y. J.; Shan, F.; Li, W. P.; Zhai, J. Q.; Huang, M; Peng, S. H.; Cai, Q .H.; Yu, J. Y.; Liu, Q. X.; Lui, Z. Y.; Li, L. X.; Teng, M. S.; Huang, W.; Zhou, J. Y.; Zhang, C.; Chen, W. & Tu, X. L.}}</ref> Léirigh staidéar sa bhliain 2023 go bhfuil bailíocht ag an naoi bhfospeiceas reatha ar fad.<ref name=":1">{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Ancient DNA reveals genetic admixture in China during tiger evolution|url=https://www.nature.com/articles/s41559-023-02185-8|journal=Nature Ecology & Evolution|date=2023-11|issn=2397-334X|pages=1914–1929|volume=7|issue=11|doi=10.1038/s41559-023-02185-8|language=en|author=Sun, X.; Liu, Y.-C.; Tiunov, M. P.; Gimranov, D. O.; Zhuang, Y.; Han, Y.; Driscoll, C. A.; Driscoll, C. A.; Pang, Y.; Li, C.; Pan, Y; Velasco, M. S.; Gopalakrishnan, S.; Yang, R.-Z.; Li, B.-G.; Jin, K.; Xu, X.; Uphyrkina, O.; Huang, Y.; Wu, X.-H.; Gilbert, M. T. P.; O'Brien, S. J.; Yamaguchi, N. & Luo, S.-J.}}</ref> Deir an Grúpa Sainréimse Cat "Given the varied interpretations of data, the [subspecific] taxonomy of this species is currently under review by the IUCN SSC Cat Specialist Group." nó i nGaeilge "Mar gheall ar na léirmhínithe éagsúla ar an dáta, tá Grúpa Sainréimse Cat SSC an AICD ag déanamh athbhreithnithe ar thacsanomaíocht [fospeiceasach] an speicis seo".<ref>{{Lua idirlín|teideal=Tiger|url=http://www.catsg.org/index.php?id=124|work=www.catsg.org|dátarochtana=2025-11-27|language=|údar=CatSG|archivedate=2014-11-12|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141112171012/http://www.catsg.org/index.php?id=124}}</ref> Tá na táblaí thíos bunaithe ar [[Tacsanomaíocht (bitheolaíocht)|rangú]] an tíogair mar a bhí in 2005<ref name=MSW3/> agus tugann siad rangú 2017 an Tascfhórsa Catrangaithe le fios chomh maith.<ref name=catsg/>{{clear}} {| class="wikitable" |+ style="text-align: centre;" | ''Panthera tigris tigris'' {{small|(Linnaeus, 1758)}}<ref name=Linn1758/> ! Pobal !! Cur síos !! Íomhá |- style="vertical-align: top;" | [[Tíogar Bheangál]] {{small|ainm déthéarmach ''P. t. tigris'' (von Linné, 1758)}}<ref name="Linn1758" /> | | Cuireann an pobal seo faoi ar [[fo-ilchríoch na hIndia|fho-ilchríoch na hIndia]].<ref name="Jackson1996">{{Luaigh foilseachán|author=Nowell, K. & Jackson, P.|date=1996|url=https://portals.iucn.org/library/sites/library/files/documents/1996-008.pdf#page=80|title="Tiger, Panthera tigris (Linnaeus, 1758)" (PDF).|volume=|pages=lgh. 55-65|publisher=IUCN. ISBN 2-8317-0045-0|location=Gland, Switzerland|journal=Wild Cats: Status Survey and Conservation Action Plan}}</ref> Tá fionnadh níos giorra ar an tíogar Bheangál ná mar atá orthu níos faide ó thuaidh<ref name=":2">{{Luaigh foilseachán|author=Pocock, R. I.|date=1939|url=https://archive.org/stream/PocockMammalia1/pocock1#page/n247/mode/2up|title="Panthera tigris"|journal=The Fauna of British India, Including Ceylon and Burma. Vol. Mammalia|volume=Vol. 1|pages=lgh. 197–210|publisher=T. Taylor and Francis, Ltd|location=Londain}}</ref>, le dath idir [[ciarbhuí]] agus cróchdhearg air<ref name=":2" /><ref>{{cite report|title=Indian National Studbook of the Bengal Tiger (''Panthera tigris tigris'') |publisher=Central Zoo Authority, Wildlife Institute of India |date=2011 |url=https://cza.nic.in/uploads/documents/studbooks/english/Bengal%20Tiger%20Studbook%202011.pdf |last1=Srivastav|first1=A. |last2=Malviya |first2=M. |last3=Tyagi |first3=P. C.|last4=Nigam |first4=P. |name-list-style=amp |access-date=27 May 2024}}</ref> agus polláirí atá measartha fada agus caol.<ref name="Mazák2010"/> | |[[File:Adult male Royal Bengal tiger.jpg|frameless]] |- style="vertical-align: top;" | [[Extinction|†]] [[Tíogar Caispeach]] {{small|ainm déthéarmach ''P. t. virgata'' ([[Johann Karl Wilhelm Illiger|Illiger]], 1815)}}<ref name="Illiger">{{Luaigh foilseachán|author=Illiger, K.|date=1815|title=Überblick der Säugethiere nach ihrer Verteilung über die Welttheile|journal=Abhandlungen der Königlichen Preußischen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin 1804–1811|pages=lgh. 39-159|publisher=Realschul-Buchhandlung|location=Berlin|url=https://bibliothek.bbaw.de/digitalisierte-sammlungen/akademieschriften/ansicht-akademieschriften?tx_bbaw_academicpublicationshow%5Baction%5D=show&tx_bbaw_academicpublicationshow%5Bcontroller%5D=AcademicPublication%5CVolume&tx_bbaw_academicpublicationshow%5Bpage%5D=195&tx_bbaw_academicpublicationshow%5Bvolume%5D=85&cHash=f015ec3f9a13240a9559ebdcb88aafa4}}</ref> | |Bhíodh an pobal seo ag cur faoi ón Túirc go dtí an [[Muir Chaisp|Mhuir Chaisp]].<ref name=Jackson1996/> Bhí fionnadh geal meirgeach rua air le stríoca tanaí a bhí an-ghar dá gcéile<ref>{{Harvnb|Sludskii|1992}}, lch. 137.</ref> agus [[cnámh cúlphlaice]] leathan.<ref name=Kitchener1999/> Nocht anailís ghéiniteach gur garghaol leis an tíogar Amúrach a bhí ann.<ref name="Driscoll2009">{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Mitochondrial Phylogeography Illuminates the Origin of the Extinct Caspian Tiger and Its Relationship to the Amur Tiger|url=https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0004125|journal=PLOS ONE|date=14 Ean 2009|issn=1932-6203|pmc=2624500|pmid=19142238|pages=e4125|volume=4|issue=1|doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0004125|language=en|author=Driscoll, C. A.; Yamaguchi, N.; Bar-Gal, G. K.; Roca, A. L.; Luo, S.; MacDonald, D. W. & O'Brien, S. J.}}</ref> Tá pobal an tíogair seo díothaithe ó bhí na 1970idí ann.<ref name=Seidensticker1999/> | |[[File:Panthera tigris virgata.jpg|frameless]] |- style="vertical-align: top;" | [[Tíogar Amúrach]] {{small|ainm déthéarmach ''P. t. altaica'' ([[Coenraad Jacob Temminck|Temminck]], 1844)}}<ref name="Temminck">{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Aperçu général et spécifique sur les Mammifères qui habitent le Japon et les Iles qui en dépendent|url=https://archive.org/details/faunajaponicasi00sieb/page/43|publisher=Lugduni Batavorum : Apud Auctorem|date=1844|coauthors=In Siebold, P. F. v.; Temminck, C. J.; Schlegel, H. (eag.).; Museum of Comparative Zoology Harvard University|author=Siebold, P. F. v.; Haan, W. de.; Temminck, C. J.; Schlegel, H.|journal=Fauna japonica, sive, Descriptio animalium, quae in itinere per Japoniam, jussu et auspiciis, superiorum, qui summum in India Batava imperium tenent, suscepto, annis 1823-1830|location=Leiden}}</ref> | |Tá cónaí ar an phobal seo tíogar i [[Cianoirthear na Rúise|gCianoirthear na Rúise]], in [[Oirthuaisceart na Síne]] agus b'fhéidir sa [[An Chóiré Thuaidh|Chóiré Thuaidh]].<ref name=Jackson1996/> Tá gruaig fhada agus fionnadh tiubh ar an tíogar Amúrach.<ref name=Temminck/> Athraíonn a dhath talún ó [[ócar]]-buí sa gheimhreadh go dath atá níos rua agus níos beoga tar éis dó a fhionnadh a chur.<ref>{{Harvnb|Sludskii|1992}}, lch. 131.</ref> Tá an blaosc níos giorra agus níos leithne ná blaoscanna na dtíogar ó dheas.<ref name="Mazák2010">{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Craniometric variation in the tiger (Panthera tigris): Implications for patterns of diversity, taxonomy and conservation|url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1616504708000621|journal=Mammalian Biology|date=2010-01-01|issn=1616-5047|pages=45–68|volume=75|issue=1|doi=10.1016/j.mambio.2008.06.003|author=Ji H. Mazák}}</ref> | |[[File:P.t.altaica Tomak Male.jpg|frameless]] |- style="vertical-align: top;" | [[Tíogar na Síne Theas]] {{small|ainm déthéarmach ''P. t. amoyensis'' ([[Max Hilzheimer|Hilzheimer]], 1905)}}<ref name=Hilzheimer>{{cite journal |last=Hilzheimer |first=M. |date=1905 |title=Über einige Tigerschädel aus der Straßburger zoologischen Sammlung |journal=Zoologischer Anzeiger |volume=28 |pages=594–599 |url=https://archive.org/details/zoologischeranze28deut/page/596}}</ref> | |Bhí an tíogar seo le fáil ó dheas i lár na Síne.<ref name=Jackson1996/> Bhí blaoscanna ag an chúig [[Eiseamláir an chineáil|eiseamláir cineáil]] a raibh fiacla [[Fiacla carnasacha|carnasacha]] agus [[cúlfhiacail]] níos giorra acu ná tíogair ón India, cráiniam níos lú, [[logall súile]] a luigh níos gaire dá gcéile le [[Starr iar-logall súile|stairr iar-logall súile]] níos mó; bhíodh a chraicinn sách buí le stríoca a bhí cosúil le [[rombas]].<ref name=Hilzheimer/> Tá [[haplaitíopa]] mtADN faoi leith aige de bharr a phóraithe le seanghinealaigh tíogar.<ref name=catsg/><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":4">{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=An extinct and deeply divergent tiger lineage from northeastern China recognized through palaeogenomics|url=https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9326283/|journal=Proceedings. Biological Sciences|date=2022-07-27|issn=1471-2954|pmc=9326283|pmid=35892215|pages=20220617|volume=289|issue=1979|doi=10.1098/rspb.2022.0617|author=Jiaming Hu, Michael V. Westbury, Junxia Yuan, Chunxue Wang, Bo Xiao, Shungang Chen, Shiwen Song, Linying Wang, Haifeng Lin, Xulong Lai, Guilian Sheng}}</ref> Tá sé díothaithe san fhiántas mar nach bhfacthas go hoifigiúil ó bhí na 1970idí ann,<ref name=":3" /> agus ní mhaireann sé ach i ngéibheann anois.<ref name=Wang2023/> | |[[File:2012 Suedchinesischer Tiger.JPG|frameless]] |- style="vertical-align: top;" | [[Tíogar Ind-Síneach]] {{small|ainm déthéarmach ''P. t. corbetti'' ([[Vratislav Mazák|Mazák]], 1968)}}<ref name="Mazak1968">{{cite journal |last=Mazák|first=V.|date=1968|title=Nouvelle sous-espèce de tigre provenant de l'Asie du sud-est|journal=Mammalia|volume=32|issue=1|pages=104–112|doi=10.1515/mamm.1968.32.1.104}}</ref> | |Faightear pobal an tíogair seo ar an [[Leithinis Ind-Síneach]].<ref name=Jackson1996/> Tá cráiniam níos lú ná ceann an tíogair Bheangál ag eiseamláir an tíogair Ind-Sínigh agus is cosúil go bhfuil fionnadh níos dorcha le stríoca níos tanaí orthu.<ref name=Mazak1968/><ref name="mazak06">{{cite journal|last1=Mazák|first1=J. H.|last2=Groves|first2=C. P.|name-list-style=amp|date=2006|title=A taxonomic revision of the tigers (''Panthera tigris'') of Southeast Asia|journal=Mammalian Biology|volume=71|issue=5|pages=268–287|doi=10.1016/j.mambio.2006.02.007|bibcode=2006MamBi..71..268M|url=http://www.dl.edi-info.ir/A%20taxonomic%20revision%20of%20the%20tigers%20of%20Southeast%20Asia.pdf|access-date=15 January 2024|archive-date=31 May 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230531133543/http://www.dl.edi-info.ir/A%20taxonomic%20revision%20of%20the%20tigers%20of%20Southeast%20Asia.pdf|url-status=live|author=Mazák, J. H. & Groves, C. P.}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230531133543/http://www.dl.edi-info.ir/A%20taxonomic%20revision%20of%20the%20tigers%20of%20Southeast%20Asia.pdf |date=31 Bealtaine 2023 }}</ref> | |[[File:Panthera tigris corbetti (Tierpark Berlin) 832-714-(118).jpg|frameless]] |- style="vertical-align: top;" | [[Tíogar Malaech]] {{small|ainm déthéarmach ''P. t. jacksoni'' (Luo et al., 2004)}}<ref name="Luo04">{{cite journal |date=2004|title=Phylogeography and genetic ancestry of tigers (''Panthera tigris'')|journal=[[PLOS Biology]]|volume=2|issue=12|pmid=15583716|pmc=534810|doi=10.1371/journal.pbio.0020442|author=Luo, S.-J.; Kim, J.-H.; Johnson, W. E.; van der Walt, J.; Martenson, J.; Yuhki, N.; Miquelle, D. G.; Uphyrkina, O.; Goodrich, J. M.; Quigley, H. B.; Tilson, R.; Brady, G.; Martelli, P.; Subramaniam, V.; McDougal, C.; Hean, S.; Huang, S.-Q.; Pan, W.; Karanth, U. K.; Sunquist, M.; Smith, J. L. D. & O'Brien, S. J.|pages=e442}}</ref> | |Moladh an tíogar Malaech mar fhospeiceas faoi leith bunaithe ar dhifríocht idir a mtADN agus a mhionsheichimh satailíte agus iad an tíogair Ind-Sínigh.<ref name=Luo04/> Níl difríocht rómhór idir dath a fhionnaidh ná méid a bhlaoisc agus iad an tíogair Ind-Sínigh ach an oiread.<ref name=mazak06/> Níl aon teorainn shoiléir idir phobail tíogar i dtuaisceart na [[An Mhalaeis|Malaeise]] agus deisceart na [[An Téalainn|Téalainne]].<ref name=":3" /> | |[[File:2012-09-15 Tierpark Berlin 26 (cropped).jpg|frameless]] |} {| class="wikitable" |+ style="text-align: centre;" | ''Panthera tigris sondaica'' {{small|(Temminck, 1844)}}<ref name=catsg/> ! Pobal !! Cur síos !! Íomhá |- style="vertical-align: top;" | †[[Tíogar Iávach]] {{small|ainm déthéarmach ''P. t. sondaica'' (Temminck, 1944)}}<ref name=Temminck/> | |Rinneadh cur síos ar an tíogar seo bunaithe ar líon seithí anaithnid a raibh gruaig ghearr mhín orthu.<ref name=Temminck/> Bhí na tíogair de bhunadh [[Iáva]] measartha beag i gcomparáid le tíogair na mórthíre Áisí, bhí blaoscanna sách fada acu i gcomparáid leis an tíogar Shumatrach agus bhí stríoca níos faide, níos tanaí agus níos iomadúla acu.<ref name=mazak06/> Meastar go bhfuil pobal an tíogair Iávaigh díothaithe ó bhí na 1980idí ann. <ref name=Seidensticker1999/> | |[[File:COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM Een groep mannen en kinderen poseert bij een pas geschoten tijger te Malingping in Bantam West-Java TMnr 10006636.jpg|frameless]] |- style="vertical-align: top;" | †[[Tíogar Bailí]] {{small|ainm déthéarmach ''P. t. balica'' ([[Ernst Schwarz (zoologist)|Schwarz]], 1912)}}<ref name=Schwarz>{{cite journal |last=Schwarz |first=E. |date=1912 |title=Notes on Malay tigers, with description of a new form from Bali |journal=Annals and Magazine of Natural History |pages=324–326 |series=8 |volume=10 |issue=57 |doi=10.1080/00222931208693243 |url=https://archive.org/stream/annalsmagazineof8101912lond#page/324/mode/2up}}</ref> | | Bhíodh an tíogar seo le fáil ar [[Bailí|Bhailí]] agus bhí fionnadh níos gile air agus blaosc níos lú aige ná mar a bhí ag an tíogar Iávach.<ref name=Schwarz/><ref name="der-tiger">{{cite book |author=Mazak, V.|year=2004|title=''Der Tiger''|publisher=Westarp Wissenschaften Hohenwarsleben|location=Madgeburg|isbn=978-3-89432-759-0|language=de}}</ref> Gné tipicúil de bhlaoisc an tíogair Bhailí ná an cnámh cúlphlaice caol atá cosúil le blaosc an tíogar Iávach.<ref>{{cite journal |date=1978|title=Skin and Skull of the Bali Tiger, and a list of preserved specimens of ''Panthera tigris balica'' (Schwarz, 1912)|journal=[[Zeitschrift für Säugetierkunde]]|volume=43|issue=2|pages=108–113|author=Mazák, V.; Groves, C. P. & Van Bree, P.}}</ref> Tá an pobal seo díothaithe ó bhí na 1940idí ann.<ref name="Seidensticker1999">{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Riding the tiger : tiger conservation in human-dominated landscapes|url=http://archive.org/details/ridingtigertiger00unse|publisher=[London] : Zoological Society of London; Cambridge [England]; New York : Cambridge University Press|date=1999|coauthors=Better World Books|author=Seidensticker, J.; Christie, S. & Jackson, P.|pages=lgh. xv-xx}}</ref> | |[[File:Bali tiger zanveld.jpg|frameless]] |- style="vertical-align: top;" | [[Tíogar Sumatrach]] {{small|ainm déthéarmach ''P. t. sumatrae'' ([[Reginald Innes Pocock|Pocock]], 1929)}}<ref name=Pocock1929>{{cite journal |last=Pocock |first=R. I. |date=1929 |title=Tigers |journal=[[Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society]] |volume=33 |pages=505–541 |url=https://archive.org/details/journalofbomb33341929bomb/page/n185}}</ref> | Bhí fionnadh dorcha ar an chéad eiseamlár den tíogar seo arb as [[Sumatra]] dó.<ref name=Pocock1929/> Tá gruaig sách fada um aghaidh an tíogair Shumatraigh<ref name=Jackson1996/> agus tá stríoca tiubha coirp chomh maith le [[cnámh sróine]] níos leithne agus níos lú aige ná mar atá ag na tíogair oileáin eile.<ref name=mazak06/> | |[[File:Panthera tigris sumatrae (Sumatran Tiger) close-up.jpg|frameless]] |} === Éabhlóid === {{Cladogram|{{clade |label1=''[[Panthera]]'' |1={{clade |1={{clade |1=[[Liopard sneachta]] [[File:Schneeleoparden (Panthera uncia) Zoo Salzburg 2014 f white background.jpg|70px]] |2='''Tíogar''' [[File:Tigress in Bandhavgarh NP white background.jpg|70px]] }} |2={{clade |1=[[Iaguar]] [[File:Jaguar (Panthera onca palustris) male Three Brothers River white background.JPG|70px]] |label2=&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |2={{clade |1=[[Liopard]] [[File:Flickr - Rainbirder - Sassy Lassy white background.jpg|70px]] |2=[[Leon]] [[File:Panthera leo -Ngorongoro, Tanzania-8b white background.jpg|70px]] }} }} }} }}|align=right|caption=Fíligineacht an ghéinis ''Panthera'' bunaithe ar staidéar [[ADN núicléach]] ó 2016<ref name=Li_al2016>{{cite journal |date=2016 |title=Phylogenomic evidence for ancient hybridization in the genomes of living cats (Felidae) |journal=Genome Research |volume=26 |issue=1 |pages=1–11 |doi=10.1101/gr.186668.114 |pmid=26518481 |pmc=4691742|author=Li, G.; Davis, B. W.; Eizirik, E.; Murphy, W. J.}}</ref>}}Roinneann an tíogar an géineas ''Panthera'' leis an [[leon]], an [[liopard]], an [[iaguar]] agus an [[liopard sneachta]]. Léiríonn torthaí anailísí ginideacha gur [[comhspeiceas]] iad an tíogar agus an liopard sneachta agus gur scar a [[Ginealach|nginealaigh]] óna gcéile idir 2.70 agus 3.70 milliún bliain ó shin.<ref>{{cite journal |title=Supermatrix and species tree methods resolve phylogenetic relationships within the big cats, ''Panthera'' (Carnivora: Felidae)|url=https://archive.org/details/molecular-phylogenetics-and-evolution_2010-07_56_1/page/68|journal=Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution|year=2010|volume=56|issue=1|pages=64–76|pmid=20138224|doi=10.1016/j.ympev.2010.01.036|bibcode=2010MolPE..56...64D|author=Davis, B. W.; Li, G. & Murphy, W. J.}}</ref> Léiríonn seicheamhú géinte iomláin an tíogair [[Athsheicheamh|athsheichimh]] atá ar chomhthreomhar leo i ngéanóm na gcat eile.<ref>{{Cite journal |title=The tiger genome and comparative analysis with lion and snow leopard genomes|doi=10.1038/ncomms3433|pmid=24045858|pmc=3778509|journal=Nature Communications|volume=4|year=2013|bibcode=2013NatCo...4.2433C|author=Cho, Y. S.; Hu, L.; Hou, H.; Lee, H.; Xu, J.; Kwon, S.; Oh, S.; Kim, H. M.; Jho, S.; Kim, S.; Shin, Y. A.; Kim, B. C.; Kim, H.; Kim, C. U.; Luo, S. J.; Johnson, W. E.; Koepfli, K. P.; Schmidt-Küntzel, A.; Turner, J. A.; Marker, L.; Harper, C.; Miller, S. M.; Jacobs, W.; Bertola, L. D.; Kim, T. H.; Lee, S.; Zhou, Q.; Jung, H. J.; Xu, X. & Gadhvi, P.|pages=2443}}</ref> Rinneadh cur síos ar an speiceas iontaiseach ''[[Panthera palaeosinensis]]'' ón [[Pléisticéineach|Phléisticéineach]] luath i dtuaisceart na Síne mar shinsear féideartha tíogair nuair a aimsíodh é in 1924 ach creideann cláidistíocht an lae inniu go [[Bonnach (fíliginiteach)|bonnspeiceas]] é i gcomparáid le ''Panthera'' na linne seo.<ref name="Mazák">{{cite journal |year=2011|title=Oldest Known Pantherine Skull and Evolution of the Tiger|journal=PLOS ONE|volume=6|issue=10|doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0025483|pmid=22016768|bibcode=2011PLoSO...625483M|pmc=3189913|author=Mazák, J. H.; Christiansen, P. & Kitchener, A. C.|pages=25483}}</ref><ref name="Tseng">{{cite journal |date=2014|title=Himalayan fossils of the oldest known pantherine establish ancient origin of big cats|journal=Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences|volume=281|issue=1774|doi=10.1098/rspb.2013.2686|pmid=24225466|pmc=3843846|author=Tseng, Z. J.; Wang, X.; Slater, G. J.; Takeuchi, G. T.; Li, Q.; Liu, J. & Xie, G.}}</ref> Bhí ''[[Panthera zdanskyi]]'' ina chónaí ann thart ar an am agus an áit chéanna agus moladh gur comhspeiceas leis an tíogar reatha a bhí ann nuair a imscrúdaíodh é sa bhliain 2014.<ref name=Mazák/> Ó 2023 ar aghaidh, áfach, meastar gur comhchiallach é ''P. palaeosinensis'' de ''P. zdanskyi'' in dhá staidéar a rinneadh ina dhiaidh sin nuair a thug siad faoi deara go luíonn na difríochtaí atá aige ón speiceas sin laistigh de réimse na n-éagsúlachtaí indibhidiúla.<ref>{{cite journal |title=The identity of the "lion", ''Panthera principialis'' sp. nov., from the Pliocene Tanzanian site of Laetoli and its significance for molecular dating the pantherine phylogeny, with remarks on Panthera shawi (Broom, 1948), and a revision of Puma incurva (Ewer, 1956), the Early Pleistocene Swartkrans "leopard" (Carnivora, Felidae)|url=|journal=Palaeobiodiversity and Palaeoenvironments|year=2023|volume=103|issue=2|pages=465–487|doi=10.1007/s12549-022-00542-2|bibcode=2023PdPe..103..465H|author=Hemmer, Helmut}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|doi=10.1080/08912963.2022.2034808|title=Discovery of jaguar from northeastern China middle Pleistocene reveals an intercontinental dispersal event|date=2023|journal=Historical Biology|volume=35|issue=3|pages=293–302|bibcode=2023HBio...35..293J|author=Jiangzuo, Q.; Wang, Y.; Ge, J.; Liu, S.; Song, Y.; Jin, C.; Jiang, H. & Liu, J.}}</ref> Is iad blúirí géill a aimsíodh in [[Lantian County|Lantion]] na Síne an nochtadh is luaithe den tíogar reatha sa taifead iontaiseach a théann siar go dtí an Pléisticéineach luath.<ref name=Mazák/> Aimsíodh iontaisí tíogair ón Mheán- go dtí an Luathphléisticéineach fud fad na Síne, Iáva agus Sumatra. I measc na bhfospeiceas réamhstairiúil tá ''[[Panthera tigris trinilensis]]'' agus ''[[Panthera tigris soloensis|P. t. soloensis]]'' de bhunadh Iáva agus Sumatra agus ''[[Panthera tigris acutidens|P. t. acutidens]]'' de bhunadh na Síne; fuarthas iontaisí tíogair ón Phléisticéineach dhéanach agus ón [[An Sealad Holaicéineach|Luathholaicéineach]] i [[Boirneo|mBoirneo]] agus [[Palawan]] na [[Na hOileáin Fhilipíneacha|nOileán Filipíneach]].<ref name="Kitchener2009">Kitchener, A. & Yamaguchi, N. (2009). "What is a Tiger? Biogeography, Morphology, and Taxonomy" in {{harvnb|Tilson|Nyhus|2010|pp=|lgh=}}, lgh. 53–84</ref> Tuairiscítear go bhfuil samplaí den tíogar ón Phléisticéineach Mheán-dheánach a fuarthas sa [[An tSeapáin|tSeapáin]].<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=The Japanese Archipelago sheltered cave lions, not tigers, during the Late Pleistocene|url=https://pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.2523901123|journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences|date=2026-02-10|issn=0027-8424|pmc=12890994|pmid=41587328|volume=123|issue=6|doi=10.1073/pnas.2523901123|language=en|author=Xin Sun, Lanhui Peng, Takumi Tsutaya, Qigao Jiangzuo, Yoshikazu Hasegawa, Yuxin Hou, Yu Han, Yan Zhuang, Nuno Filipe Gomes Martins, Jazmin Ramos Madrigal, Alberto J. Taurozzi, Meaghan Mackie, Gaudry Trochė, Jesper V. Olsen, Enrico Cappellini, Stephen J. O’Brien, M. Thomas P. Gilbert, Nobuyuki Yamaguchi, Shu-Jin Luo}}</ref> Léiríonn torthaí staidéar [[fíleathíreolaíoch]] go bhfuil comhshinsear ag chuile speiceas tíogar beo a bhí beo idir 108,000 agus 72,000 bliain ó shin.<ref name="Luo04" /> Tugann staidéar géinte le fios gur chrap pobal an tíogair thart ar 115,000 bliain ó shin de bharr oighrithe. Síolraíonn pobal reatha na dtíogar ó [[Díseart|dhíseart]] a bhí san Ind-sín agus a leath ar fud na háise tar éis na [[An uasmhéid oighrithe deireanach|huasmhéide oighrithe deireanaí]]. De réir mar a chóilínigh siad oirthuaisceart na Síne, mheasc sinsir an tíogair Ind-sínigh le pobal iarmharach tíogar.<ref name=":4" /><ref name=":1" /> === Hibridí === ''Tuilleadh Eolais: [[Hibridí Feilideacha]] agus [[hibridí Panthera]]'' Is féidir le tíogair idirphórú le cait ''Panthera'' eile agus is amhlaidh atá déanta acu i ngéibheann. Is é an [[leogar]] toradh phóraithe an tíogair bhaininn agus an leoin fhirinn agus is é an [[tígleon]] toradh phóraithe an tíogair fhirinn agus an leoin bhaininn.<ref name="Gabryś">{{cite journal |year=|title=Interspecific hybrids of animals-in nature, breeding and science–a review|journal=Annals of Animal Science|volume=21|issue=2|pages=403–415|doi=10.2478/aoas-2020-0082|author=Gabryś, J.; Kij, B.; Kochan, J. & Bugno-Poniewierska, M.|date=2021|url=https://doi.org/10.2478%2Faoas-2020-0082}}</ref> Cuireann an t-athair leoin géin chur chun cinn an fháis ar aghaidh ach tá géin chomhfhreagrach srianta an fháis ón tíogar bhaineann in easnamh sa mhéad is go bhfásann leogair i bhfad níos mó ná ceachtar de speicis na dtuismitheoirí. Ní chuireann an tíogar fireann géin chur chun cinn an fháis ar aghaidh os a choinne sin cé go gcuireann an leon baineann géin srianta an fháis ar aghaidh; mar sin, bíonn tígleoin thart ar chomh mhéid lena dtuismitheoirí.<ref name="imprinting">{{Lua idirlín|teideal=Genomic Imprinting|url=https://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/epigenetics/imprinting/|dátarochtana=2025-12-01|language=en|foilsitheoir=Genetic Science Learning Center, Utah}}</ref> Toisc gur minic a fhorbraíonn siad éalanga ón bhroinn a mbaineann baol báis leo, glactar le pórú na hibridí mar nós neamheiticiúil.<ref name="Gabryś" /> == Cur síos == [[File:TigerSkelLyd1.png|thumb|left|Creatlach tíogair ó Royal Natural History Imleabhar 1 (1839)|alt=Drawing of tiger skeleton]] Tá morfeolaíocht fheilíneach thipiciúil ag an tíogar a bhfuil corp matánach, cosa giorraithe, géaga tosaigh láidre, lapaí tosaigh leathana, ceann mór agus eireaball atá thart ar leathfhad an choirp eile i bhfad aige.<ref name=":8">{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Panthera tigris|url=https://academic.oup.com/mspecies/article-lookup/doi/10.2307/3504004|journal=Mammalian Species|date=1981|pages=1-8|issue=152|doi=10.2307/3504004|author=Mazák, V.|bibcode=https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1981MamSp.152....1M|id=https://www.jstor.org/stable/3504004}}</ref>{{sfn|Sludskii|1992|p=98}} Tá cúig mhéar aige, [[drúchtchrobh]] ina measc sin, ar na cosa chun tosaigh agus ceithre cinn ar na cosa deiridh, a bhfuil crobha in-aistarraingthe atá fáiscthe agus cuartha ar féidir leo a bheith 10 cm i bhfad aige.<ref name=":8" />{{sfn|Thapar|2004|p=26}} Tá a chuid cluasa cruinn agus tá mac imrisc cruinn ar na súile.<ref name=":8" /> Críochnaíonn an smut i mbarr triantánach a bhfuil poncanna dubha beaga air dá mhéadaíonn a líon agus an tíogar ag dul in aois.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Combination of facial and nose features of Amur tigers to determine age|url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/1749-4877.12817|journal=Integrative Zoology|date=2025-01|issn=1749-4877|pages=186–198|volume=20|issue=1|doi=10.1111/1749-4877.12817|language=en|author=Caiping Zhao, Wenrui Dai, Qiang Liu, Dongqi Liu, Nathan James Roberts, Zhaoli Liu, Ming Gong, Hongkun Qiu, Changhai Liu, Dan Liu, Guangkai Ma, Guangshun Jiang}}</ref> Tá blaosc an tíogair scafánta le réigiún tosaigh teoranta le [[Logall súile|logaill súile]] éilipseacha atá beag go comhréireach, [[Cnámh sróine|cnámha sróine]] fada agus cráiniam fadaithe le [[moing saighdeach]] mór.{{sfn|Sludskii|1992|p=103}}<ref name=":8" /> Tá sé cosúil le blaosc an leoin ach tá difríocht ann idir an dá bhlaosc de bharr íochtar cuasach nó leacaithe an ghéill íochtair agus an tsrón atá níos faide.{{sfn|Sludskii|1992|p=103}}<ref name=":8" /> Tá thart ar 30 fiacail atá sách scafánta ag an tíogar agus tá a [[Starrfhiacail|starrfhiacla]] cuartha ar na cinn is faide i measc na gcat agus iad 6.4-7.6 cm (2.5-3.0 or).<ref name=":8" />{{sfn|Thapar|2004|p=25}} Tá fad cheann-choirp an tíogair idir 1.4-2.8 m (4 tr 7 or - 9 tr 2 or) le heireaball atá 0.6-1.1 m (2 tr 0 or - 3 tr 7 or) agus seasann sé 0.8-1.1 m (2 tr 7 or - 3 tr 7 or) ag an ghualainn.<ref name="Walker">{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Panthera tigris (tiger)|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=T37sFCl43E8C&pg=PA825|publisher=Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press|date=1999-07-29|language=en|author=Novak, R. M. & Walker, E. P|journal=Walker's Mammals of the World|issue=6|pages=825-828}}</ref> Is mó an tíogar Bheangál agus an tíogar Sumatrach de na speicis éagsúla.<ref name=":8" /> Meánn tíogair Bheangál fhireannacha idir 200-260 kg (440-570 lb), agus meánn na baineannaigh idir 100-160 kg (220-250 lb); is lú na tiogair oileánacha de na speicis éagsúla, is cosúil gur de bharr [[abhcacht oileánach]] atá sé.<ref name="Kitchener1999" /> Meánn tiogair Shumatracha fhireannacha idir 100-140 kg (220-310 lb) agus meánn na baineannaigh idir 75-110 kg (165-243 lb).<ref name=":9">Sunquist, M. (2010). "What is a Tiger? Ecology and Behaviour" in {{Harvnb|Tilson|Nyhus|2010|lgh=19/34}}, lgh. 19−34</ref> Meastar gurb é an tíogar an speiceas féilíneach beo is mó ar domhan; ach toisc go bhfuil difríocht mhór méide agus meáchain idir na pobail tíogar éagsúla, is féidir gur lú meánmheáchan an tíogair ná é an leoin, a fhad agus a bhíonn na tíogair is mo níos mó ná na leoin chosúla.<ref name="Kitchener2009" /> === Fionnadh === [[Íomhá:Tiger_Stripes_(29808869755).jpg|alt=Close up of a tiger's fur|mion|Fionnadh an tíogair Amúraigh ar a chliathán (taobh)]] Bíonn ribí gruaige gearra ar fhionnadh an tíogair de ghnáth, ar féidir a bheith chomh fada le 35 mm (1.4 or), ach is féidir le ribí gruaige an tíogair Amúraigh tuaisceart-chónaithigh fad de 105 mm (4.1 or) a shroicheadh. De ghnáth, is faide ribí gruaige an bhoilg ná iad na droma. Bíonn dlús a bhfionnaidh tanaí de ghnáth ach forbraíonn an tíogar Amúrach fionnadh geimhridh atá sách tiubh. Tá línte fionnaidh um aghaidh an tíogair agus guairí fada orthu, na fireannaigh ach go háirithe.<ref name=":8" /> Tá [[Dath ainmhithe|dath]] oráiste air a athraíonn ó scothbhuí go ruánach.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Tiger: the ultimate guide|publisher=CDS books in association with Two brothers press|date=2004|location=New York|author=Valmik Thapar|url=https://archive.org/details/tigerultimategui0000thap/mode/2up}}</ref> Clúdaíonn fionnadh bán an t-íochtar ó cheann go heireaball, thar dromchla istigh na gcos agus codanna den aghaidh.<ref name=":8" /><ref name=":6">{{Harvnb|Sludskii|1992|lgh=99-102}}, lgh. 99-102.</ref> Tá spota bán feiceálach ar chúl na gcluasa atá timpeallaithe le fionnadh dubh.<ref name=":8" /> Marcáiltear an tíogar le stríoca dubha nó dubhdhonna agus bíonn pátrún faoi leith ag chuile thíogar.<ref name=":8" /><ref name=":7">Miquelle, D. "Tiger" in {{Harvnb|MacDonald|2001}}, lgh. 18-21</ref> Bíonn na stríoca ingearach den chuid is mó ach amháin na cinn ar na géaga agus ar an chlár éadain a bhíonn cothrománach. Tá an chuid is mó díobh le feiceáil ar cúl agus is féidir leo ar an cholainn íochtar an bhoilg a shroicheadh. Go hiondúil, bíonn barr géar ar na stríoca agus is féidir leo scaradh óna chéile nó teacht le chéile arís eile. Is bandaí tiubha iad na stríoca eireabaill agus barrtar a dheireadh le dubh.<ref name=":6" /> Tá an tíogar ar cheann den bheagán speiceas cait a bhfuil stríoca orthu.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Why the leopard got its spots: relating pattern development to ecology in felids|url=https://royalsocietypublishing.org/rspb/article/278/1710/1373/73541/Why-the-leopard-got-its-spots-relating-pattern|journal=Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences|date=2011-05-07|issn=0962-8452|pmc=3061134|pmid=20961899|pages=1373–1380|volume=278|issue=1710|doi=10.1098/rspb.2010.1734|language=en|author=William L. Allen, Innes C. Cuthill, Nicholas E. Scott-Samuel, Roland Baddeley}}</ref> Tá stríoca ina mbuntáiste don [[Duaithníocht|nduaithníocht]] i bhfásra a bhfuil pátrúin ingearacha solais agus scátha iontu cosúil le crainnte, giolcaigh agus féir arda.<ref name=":7" /><ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=The Adaptive Significance of Coloration in Mammals|url=https://academic.oup.com/bioscience/article/55/2/125-136/221478|journal=BioScience|date=2005|issn=0006-3568|pages=125-136|volume=55|issue=2|doi=10.1641/0006-3568(2005)055[0125:TASOCI]2.0.CO;2|language=en|author=Tim Caro}}</ref> Tacaíonn staidéar [[anailís Fourier]] a léirigh go n-aontaíonn pátrúin stríoca na dtíogar lena dtimpeallacht leis an teoiric seo.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Zebra stripes and tiger stripes: the spatial frequency distribution of the pattern compared to that of the background is significant in display and crypsis|url=https://academic.oup.com/biolinnean/article-lookup/doi/10.1111/j.1095-8312.1987.tb00442.x|journal=Biological Journal of the Linnean Society|date=1987-12|pages=427–433|volume=32|issue=4|doi=10.1111/j.1095-8312.1987.tb00442.x|language=en|author=D. Godfrey, J. N. Lythgoe, D. A. Rumball}}</ref> Is féidir go gcabhraíonn a ndathú oráiste leo iad a cheilt fosta mar tá creach an tíogair [[Dathdhaille|dathdhall]], rud a chiallaíonn nach bhfeictear an tíogar ach mar rud glas eile laistigh den fhásra. <ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Optimizing colour for camouflage and visibility using deep learning: the effects of the environment and the observer's visual system|url=https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rsif.2019.0183|journal=Journal of The Royal Society Interface|date=2019-05|issn=1742-5689|pages=20190183|volume=16|issue=154|doi=10.1098/rsif.2019.0183|language=en|author=J. G. Fennell, L. Talas, R. J. Baddeley, I. C. Cuthill, N. E. Scott-Samuel}}</ref> ==== Éagsúlacht datha ==== [[Íomhá:White_tiger_Nandankanan.jpeg|alt=White tiger with thickened stripes lying down|mion|[[Tíogar bán]] bréag-mhéilineach]] Níl a leithéid de thrí [[Bithathraitheach datha|bhithathraitheach datha]] an tíogair Bheangál – sneachta-bhán an-neamhstríocach, bán agus órga – le fáil san fhiántas sa lá atá inniu ann mar gheall ar laghdú na bpobal fiáin tíogar ach faightear i bpobail i ngéibheann iad fós. Tá dath cúlra bán le stríoca [[séipia]]<nowiki/>dhonna ar an [[Tíogar bán|tíogar bhán]]. Tá dath bán-órga le stríoca ruadhonna ar an [[tíogar órga]]. Is morf le stríoca an-éadroma agus eireaball séipiadhonn-fháinneach é an tíogar sneachta-bhán. Is de thoradh [[tréith chúlaitheach uathshómach]] le [[Lócas (géinitic)|lócas]] bán agus lócas [[Géinitic fhionnaidh chait|leathanbhanda]] iad na morfaí bána agus órga faoi seach. Is de thoradh [[Polaigéin|polaigéinte]] le lócais bhána agus leathanbhanda é an bithathraitheach sneachta-bhán.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=The genetics of tiger pelage color variations|url=https://www.nature.com/articles/cr201732|journal=Cell Research|date=2017-07|issn=1001-0602|pmc=5518981|pmid=28281538|pages=954–957|volume=27|issue=7|doi=10.1038/cr.2017.32|language=en|author=Xiao Xu, Gui-Xin Dong, Anne Schmidt-Küntzel, Xue-Li Zhang, Yan Zhuang, Run Fang, Xin Sun, Xue-Song Hu, Tian-You Zhang, Han-Dong Yang, De-Lu Zhang, Laurie Marker, Zheng-Fan Jiang, Ruiqiang Li, Shu-Jin Luo}}</ref> Tá tógáil an tíogair bháin an-chonspóideach mar níl siad úsáideach ó thaobh an chaomhnaithe de. Níl na géinte don mhorf datha seo ach ag 0.001% de thíogair fhiáine agus is é an t-[[ionphórú]] is cúis le ró-ionadaíocht an tíogair bháin i ngéibheann. Mar sin, má leanann an t-ionphórú seo ar aghaidh, tá an baol ann gurb iad [[spealadh ionphóraithe]] agus caillteanas na [[Inathraitheacht géinte|hinathraitheachta géinte]] i dtíogair i ngéibheann an toradh a bheidh ann.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|author=Xavier, N.|date=2010|url=https://www.currentscience.ac.in/Volumes/99/07/0894.pdf|title=A new conservation policy needed for reintroduction of Bengal tiger-white|journal=Current Science|volume=99|issue=7|pages=894–895}}</ref> Tá taifid ann de thíogair bhréag-[[Méilineach|mhéilineacha]] le stríoca cónascaithe i [[Páirc Náisiúnta Simlipal|bPáirc Náisiúnta Simlipal]] agus i dtrí zú Indiacha; léirigh anailís [[Géineolaíocht phobail|géineolaíochta pobail]] de shamplaí tíogar Indiach go bhfaightear an [[Feinitíopa|féinitíopa]] seo mar thoradh ar [[Sóchán|shócháin]] ghéin [[aimínipeiptíodáis]] [[Próitéin thras-scannáin|thras-scannáin]]. Tá an gné seo ag 37% de phobal tíogair Shimlipal, rud a nasctar le [[leithlisiú géiniteach]].<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=High frequency of an otherwise rare phenotype in a small and isolated tiger population|url=https://pnas.org/doi/full/10.1073/pnas.2025273118|journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences|date=2021-09-28|issn=0027-8424|pmc=8488692|pmid=34518374|volume=118|issue=39|doi=10.1073/pnas.2025273118|language=en|author=Vinay Sagar, Christopher B. Kaelin, Meghana Natesh, P. Anuradha Reddy, Rajesh K. Mohapatra, Himanshu Chhattani, Prachi Thatte, Srinivas Vaidyanathan, Suvankar Biswas, Supriya Bhatt, Shashi Paul, Yadavendradev V. Jhala, Mayank M. Verma, Bivash Pandav, Samrat Mondol, Gregory S. Barsh, Debabrata Swain, Uma Ramakrishnan}}</ref> == Dáileadh agus gnáthóg == [[Íomhá:Tigress_Anna_Savelevna_01.jpg|alt=Picture of tiger in forest at night|mion|Gaiste ceamara de thíogar Amúrach sa Rúis]] Bhíodh cead a chosa ag an tíogar go stairiúil agus cónaí air ó oirthear na Tuirce, tuaisceart na hIaráine agus an Afganastáin go dtí an Áise Láir agus ón Phacastáin thuaidh trí [[Fo-ilchríoch na hIndia|fho-ilchríoch na hIndia]] agus an Ind-Sín go hoirdheisceart na Sibéire, Sumatra, Iáva agus Bailí.<ref name=":8" /> Faoin bhliain 2022, ní raibh sé le fáil ach laistigh de 7% dá limistéar dáilte stairiúil agus bhí raon briste aige i bhfo-ilchríoch na hIndia, [[An Ind-Sín|leithinis na hInd-Síne]], Sumatra, oirthuaisceart na Síne agus [[Cianoirthear na Rúise]].<ref name=":3" /> Faoin bhliain 2020, bhí an t-achar is mó den ghnáthóg tíogair dhomhanda ag an India le 300,508 km² (116,027 mi²) á leanúint ag an Rúis le 195,819 km² (75,606 mi²).<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Range-wide trends in tiger conservation landscapes, 2001 - 2020|url=https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcosc.2023.1191280/full|journal=Frontiers in Conservation Science|date=2023|issn=2673-611X|volume=4|doi=10.3389/fcosc.2023.1191280|author=Sanderson, E. W.; Miquelle, D. G.; Fisher, K.; Harihar, A.; Clark, C.; Moy, J.; Potapov, P.; Robinson, N.; Royte, L.; Sampson, D.; Sanderlin, J.; Yackulic, C. B.; Belecky, M.; Breitenmoser, U.; Breitenmoser-Würsten, C.; Chanchani, P.; Chapman, S.; Deomurari, A.; Duangchantrasiri, S.; Facchini, E.; Gray, T. N. E.; Goodrich, J.; Hunter, L.; Linkie, M.; Marthy, W.; Rasphone, A.; Roy, S.; Sittibal, D.; Tempa, T.; Umponjan, M. & Wood, K.}}</ref> Tá cónaí ar an tíogar i ngnáthóga foraoise den chuid is mó agus is ainmhí an-sholúbtha é.<ref name=":9" /> Léiríonn taifid ón Áise Láir gur chuir sé faoi i bhforaoisí abhann [[Tugay]] agus foraoisí cnoic agus ísilchríche sa [[Réigiún Chugais|Chugais]].<ref>{{Harvnb|Sludskii|1992}}, lgh.&#x20;108–112</ref> I réigiún [[Amur (abhainn)|Amur-Ussuri]] na Rúise agus na Síne, cuireann sé faoi i [[Péine Chóiréach|bpéine Chóiréach]] agus i [[Foraois leathanduilleach agus mheasctha mheasartha|bhforaoisí leathanduilleacha agus measctha measartha]]; feidhmíonn [[Foraois abhann|foraoisí abhann]] mar phasáistí [[Scaipeadh bitheolaíoch|scaipthe]] a chuireann bia agus uisce ar fáil do thíogair agus a gcreach mar aon.<ref>Miquelle, D. G.; Smirnov, E. N.; Merrill, T. W.; Myslenkov, A. E.; Quigley, H.; Hornocker, M. G. & Schleyer, B. (1999). "Hierarchical spatial analysis of Amur tiger relationships to habitat and prey" in {{Harvnb|Seidenstecker|Christie|Jackson|1999}}, lgh. 71-99</ref> Faightear i [[Foraois leathanduilleach thais thrópaiceach agus fhothrópaiceach|bhforaoisí leathanduilleacha taise trópaiceacha agus fo-thrópaiceacha]], foraoisí leathanduilleacha agus measctha measartha, [[Foraois shíorghlasa thais thrópaiceach|foraoisí síorghlasa taise trópaiceacha]], [[Foraois thirim thrópaiceach|foraoisí tirime trópaiceacha]], [[Má thuiltrí|mánna tuiltrí]] agus sna [[Foraois mhangróbh|foraoisí mangróbh]] sna [[Sundarbans]] é go príomhá ar fho-ilchríoch na hIndia.<ref>Wikramanayake, E. D.; Dinerstein, E.; Robinson, J. G.; Karanth, K. U.; Rabinowitz, A.; Olson, D.; Mathew, T.; Hedao, P.; Connor, M.; Hemley, G. & Bolze, D. (1999). "Where can tigers live in the future? A framework for identifying high-priority areas for the conservation of tigers in the wild" in {{harvnb|Seidensticker|Christie|Jackson|1999}}, lgh. 265-267</ref> In [[Oirthear na Himiléithe]], taifeadadh i [[Foraois mheasartha|bhforaoisí measartha]] sa [[An Bhútáin|Bhútáin]] é ar airde de 4,200 m (13,800 tr), agus in oirdheaisceart na [[An Tibéid|Tibéide]] sna [[Cnoic Mishmi]] ar airde de 3,630 m (11,910 tr) agus i [[Contae Mêdog|gContae Mêdog]] ar airde de 3,139 m (10,299 tr).<ref>Jigme, K. & Tharchen, L. (2012). "Camera-trap records of tigers at high altitudes in Bhutan". ''Cat News'' (56): 14–15.</ref><ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=First photographic record of tiger presence at higher elevations of the Mishmi Hills in the Eastern Himalayan Biodiversity Hotspot, Arunachal Pradesh, India|url=https://threatenedtaxa.org/index.php/JoTT/article/view/4381|journal=Journal of Threatened Taxa|date=2018|issn=0974-7907|pages=12833–12836|volume=10|issue=13|doi=10.11609/jott.4381.10.13.12833-12836|author=Adhikarimayum, A. S. & Gopi, G. V.}}</ref><ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Tiger reappearance in Medog highlights the conservation values of the region for this apex predator|url=https://www.zoores.ac.cn/en/article/doi/10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2023.178|journal=Zoological Research|date=2023|issn=2095-8137|pmc=10415778|pmid=37464931|pages=747–749|volume=44|issue=4|doi=10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2023.178|language=en|author=Li, X. Y.; Hu, W. Q.; Wang, H. J. & Jiang, X. L.}}</ref> Cuireann sé faoi i bhforaoisí [[duillsilteach]] agus [[Planda síorghlas|síorghlasa]] sa Téalainn.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=How many tigers Panthera tigris are there in Huai Kha Khaeng Wildlife Sanctuary, Thailand? An estimate using photographic capture-recapture sampling|url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0030605307414107/type/journal_article|journal=Oryx|date=2007|issn=0030-6053|pages=447–453|volume=41|issue=4|doi=10.1017/S0030605307414107|language=en|author=Simcharoen, S.; Pattanavibool, A.; Karanth, K. U.; Nichols, J. D. & Kumar, N. S.}}</ref> In Sumatra, faightear i [[Foraois sheascainn mhóna|bhforaoisí seascainn móna]] ilchríche agus i [[Foraois Montane|bhforaoisí Montane]] garbha.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Population Status of a Cryptic Top Predator: An Island-Wide Assessment of Tigers in Sumatran Rainforests|url=https://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0025931|journal=PLoS ONE|date=2011|issn=1932-6203|pmc=3206793|pmid=22087218|pages=e25931|volume=6|issue=11|doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0025931|language=en|author=Wibisono, H. T.; Linkie, M.; Guillera-Arroita, G.; Smith, J. A.; Sunarto; Pusarini, W.; Asriadi; Baroto, P.; Brickle, N.; Dinata, Y.; Gemita, E.; Gunaryadi, D.; Haidir, I. A. & Herwansyah}}</ref> === Dlús pobail === Nocht [[Gaiste ceamara|gaistí ceamara]] le linn 2010-2015 i bhforaois dhuillsilteach agus phéine fho-thrópaiceach na [[Páirc Náisiúnta Jim Corbett|Páirce Náisiúnta Jim Corbett]] i dtuaisceart na hIndia go bhfuil [[Dlús daonra|dlús phobail]] tíogair seasmhach de 12-17 indibhidiúil in aghaidh gach 100 km² (39 mi²) laistigh de limistéar 521 km² (201 mi²).<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Demography of a high‐density tiger population and its implications for tiger recovery|url=https://besjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/1365-2664.13410|journal=Journal of Applied Ecology|date=2019|issn=0021-8901|pages=1725–1740|volume=56|issue=7|doi=10.1111/1365-2664.13410|language=en|author=Bisht, S.; Banerjee, S.; Qureshi, Q. & Jhala, Y.}}</ref> I dtuaisceart Mhaenmar, measadh dlús phobail tíogair sa limistéar samplála, a raibh thart ar 3,250 km² (1,250 mi²) d'fhoraois leathanduilleach thrópaiceach agus féarthalamh ann, a bheith idir 0.21–0.44 tíogair in aghaidh gach 100 km² (39 mi²) faoin bhliain 2009.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Estimating abundance with sparse data: tigers in northern Myanmar|url=https://esj-journals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1007/s10144-008-0093-5|journal=Population Ecology|date=2009|issn=1438-3896|pages=115–121|volume=51|issue=1|doi=10.1007/s10144-008-0093-5|language=en|author=Lynam, A. J.; Rabinowitz, A.; Myint, T.; Maung, M.; Latt, K. T. & Po, S. H. T.}}</ref> Measadh go bhfuil an dlús phobail i bhforaoisí leath-shíorghlasa agus duillsilteacha measctha [[Anaclann Fiadhúlra Huai Kha Khaeng]] na Téalainne thart ar 2.01 tíogair in aghaidh gach 100 km² (39 mi²); le linn na 1970idí agus 1980idí, tharla [[lománaíocht]] agus póitseáil sna [[Páirc Náisiúnta Mae Wong|Páirceanna Náisiúnta Mae Wong]] agus [[Páirc Náisiúnta Khlong Lan|Khlong Lan]] in aice láimhe, áit a measadh an dlús phobail a bheith i bhfad níos ísle, gan ach 0.359 tíogair in aghaidh gach 100 km² (39 mi²) faoin bhliain 2016.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Tiger density, movements, and immigration outside of a tiger source site in Thailand|url=https://conbio.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/csp2.560|journal=Conservation Science and Practice|date=2021|issn=2578-4854|volume=3|issue=12|doi=10.1111/csp2.560|language=en|author=Phumanee, W.; Steinmetz, R.; Phoonjampa, R.; Weingdow, S.; Phokamanee, S.; Bhumpakphan, N. & Savini, T.}}</ref> Measadh an dlús phobail i bhforaoisí [[Dipterocarpaceae|dipterocarp]] agus montane i dtuaisceart na Malaeise a bheith thart ar 1.47–2.43 tíogair fhásta in aghaidh gach 100 km² (39 mi²) i bPáirc Stáit Belum Ríoga, ach 0.3–0.92 tíogair fhásta a bheith ann in aghaidh gach 100 km² (39 mi²) in [[Anaclann Foraoise Temengor]], áit atá gan chosaint a mbíonn lománaíocht ar siúl [[Lománaíocht roghnaitheach|ar bhonn roghnaitheach]].<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Conserving tigers in Malaysia: A science-driven approach for eliciting conservation policy change|url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0006320714005035|journal=Biological Conservation|date=2015|pages=18–26|volume=184|doi=10.1016/j.biocon.2014.12.024|language=en|author=Rayan, D. M. & Linkie, M.}}</ref> == Iompar agus éiceolaíocht == [[Íomhá:Tigerwater_edit2.jpg|alt=Tiger in water|mion|Tíogar ag folcadh]] Léiríonn sonraí ghaistí ceamara go seachnaíonn tíogair i [[Páirc Náisiúnta Chitwan|bPáirc Náisiúnta Chitwan]] áiteanna a ghnáthaíonn daoine agus gur gníomhaí a bhíonn siad san oíche ná sa ló.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Coexistence between wildlife and humans at fine spatial scales|url=https://pnas.org/doi/full/10.1073/pnas.1210490109|journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences|date=2012|issn=0027-8424|pmc=3458348|pmid=22949642|pages=15360–15365|volume=109|issue=38|doi=10.1073/pnas.1210490109|language=en|author=Carter, N. H.; Shrestha, B. K.; Karki, J. B.; Pradhan, N. M. B. & Liu, J.}}</ref> Ba ghníomhaí sé thíogar a raibh coiléir raidió orthu ó bhreacadh an lae go dtí go luath ar maidin agus a mbuaic á sroicheadh thart ar a 7:00 a chlog ar maidin i [[Páirc Náisiúnta Sundarbans|bPáirc Náisiúnta Sundarbans]]. <ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Ranging, Activity and Habitat Use by Tigers in the Mangrove Forests of the Sundarban|url=https://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0152119|journal=PLOS ONE|date=2016|issn=1932-6203|pmc=4822765|pmid=27049644|pages=e0152119|volume=11|issue=4|doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0152119|language=en|author=Naha, D.; Jhala, Y. V.; Qureshi, Q.; Roy, M.; Sankar, K. & Gopal, R.}}</ref> Nocht suirbhé gaiste ceamara trí bliana i bhfad i [[Páirc Náisiúnta Shuklaphanta|bPáirc Náisiúnta Shuklaphanta]] gur ghníomhaí na tíogair ó chrónú go dtí lár na hoíche.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Coexisting large carnivores: spatial relationships of tigers and leopards and their prey in a prey-rich area in lowland Nepal|url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/11956860.2018.1491512|journal=Écoscience|date=2019|issn=1195-6860|pages=1–9|volume=26|issue=1|doi=10.1080/11956860.2018.1491512|language=en|author=Pokheral, C. P. & Wegge, P.}}</ref> In oirthuaisceart na Síne, bhí tíogair ina [[Ainmhí clapsholais|n-ainmhithe clapsholais]] agus iad gníomhach le linn na hóiche agus a gcuid gníomhaíochtaí ag baint a mbuaic amach ar bhreacadh an lae agus ar chrónú na hoíche; bhíodar gníomhach ag nach mór an t-am céanna agus a bhí a gcuid creiche.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Do prey availability, human disturbance and habitat structure drive the daily activity patterns of Amur tigers ( Panthera tigris altaica )?|url=https://zslpublications.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jzo.12622|journal=Journal of Zoology|date=2019|issn=0952-8369|pages=131–140|volume=307|issue=2|doi=10.1111/jzo.12622|language=en|author=H. Yang, S. Han, B. Xie, P. Mou, X. Kou, T. Wang, J. Ge, L. Feng}}</ref> Is snámhaí cumhachtach é an tíogar a théann trasna aibhneacha atá chomh leathan le 8 km (5.0 mi) go héasca; tumann sé é féin san uisce ar laethanta teo ach go háirithe.<ref name=":7" /> Go ginearálta, níl a scileanna dreaptha crainn chomh cumasach agus atáthar i gcait eile de bharr a mhéide, ach déanann coileáin faoi 16 mhí amhlaidh go rialta.<ref>{{Harvnb|Thapar|2004}}, lgh. 26, 64–66</ref> Taifeadadh tíogar fásta ar dhreapadh dhó 10 m (33 tr) suas [[crann pipal]] mín.<ref name=":8" /> === Scaradh sóisialta === Bíonn saol atá aonarach den chuid is mó ag tíogair fhásta laistigh dá [[Raon baile (ainmhí)|raon baile]] nó [[Dúiche (ainmhí)|ndúiche]], dá bhraitheann a méid ar fhlúirse chreiche, láthair tíreolaíocha agus gnéas an indibhidiúla. Cosaíonn fireannaigh agus baineannaigh a raonta baile roimh thíogair an ghnéis chéanna agus cuimsíonn raon baile na bhfireannach iad go leor baineannach.<ref name=":8" /><ref name=":7" /> Bhí raonta baile de 10.6 agus 14.1 km² (4.1 agus 5.4 mi²) ag dhá bhaineannach sna [[Sundarbans]].<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Female tiger Panthera tigris home range size in the Bangladesh Sundarbans: the value of this mangrove ecosystem for the species’ conservation|url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0030605310001456/type/journal_article|journal=Oryx|date=2011|issn=0030-6053|pages=125–128|volume=45|issue=1|doi=10.1017/S0030605310001456|language=en|author=Barlow, A. C. D.; Smith, J. L. D.; Ahmad, I. U.; Hossain, A. N. M.; Rahman, M. & Howlader, A.}}</ref> In [[Anaclann Tíogair Panna]] d'athraigh raonta baile cúig bhaineannach athbhunaithe ó 53–67 km² (20–26 mi²) sa gheimhreadh go 55–60 km² (21–23 mi²) sa tsamhradh agus 46–94 km² (18–36 mi²) le linn an [[Monsún|mhonsúin]]; bhí raonta baile móra 84–147 km² (32–57 mi²) ag trí fhireannach sa gheimhreadh, 82–98 km² (32–38 mi²) sa tsamhradh agus 81–118 km² (31–46 mi²) le linn shéasúir an mhonsúin.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Movement and home range characteristics of reintroduced tiger (Panthera tigris) population in Panna Tiger Reserve, central India|url=http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10344-016-1026-9|journal=European Journal of Wildlife Research|date=2016|issn=1612-4642|pages=537–547|volume=62|issue=5|doi=10.1007/s10344-016-1026-9|language=en|author=Sarkar, M. S.; Ramesh, K.; Johnson, J. A.; Sen, S.; Nigam, P.; Gupta, S. K.; Murthy, R. S. & Saha, G. K.}}</ref> I [[Tearmann Bithsféir Sikhote-Alin|dTearmann Bithsféir Sikhote-Alin]], bhí raonta baile de 248–520 km² (96–201 mi²) ag 14 baineannach agus de 847–1,923 km² (327–742 mi²) ag cúig fhireannach a chuimsigh iad de chúig bhaineannach ar an uasmhéid.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Spatial structure of Amur (Siberian) tigers ( Panthera tigris altaica ) on Sikhote-Alin Biosphere Zapovednik, Russia|url=https://academic.oup.com/jmammal/article-lookup/doi/10.1644/09-MAMM-A-293.1|journal=Journal of Mammalogy|date=2010|issn=0022-2372|pages=737–748|volume=91|issue=3|doi=10.1644/09-MAMM-A-293.1|language=en|author=Goodrich, J. M.; Miquelle, D. G.; Smirnov, E. M.; Kerley, L. L.; Quigley, H. B. & Hornocker, M. G.}}</ref> Nuair a bhíodh coileáin de cheithre mhí ar an uasaois ag tíogair bhaineanna sa tearmann céanna, laghdóidís a raonta baile ionas go bhféadfaidís fanacht i ngar dá n-óga agus d'ardóidís a raonta baile de réir a chéile go dtí go mbeadh a n-óga 13–18 mí d'aois.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=The influence of reproductive status on home range size and spatial dynamics of female Amur tigers|url=http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s13364-020-00547-2|journal=Mammal Research|date=2021|issn=2199-2401|pages=83–94|volume=66|issue=1|doi=10.1007/s13364-020-00547-2|language=en|author=Klevtcova, A. V.; Miquelle, D. G.; Seryodkin, I. V.; Bragina, E. V.; Soutyrina, S. V. & Goodrich, J. M.}}</ref> {{fráma íomhá|caption=[[Tíogar Bheangál|Tíogair Bheangál]] ag spraeáil múin (thuas) agus ag cuimilt de chrann chun a dhúiche a mharcáil|content={{CSS image crop |Image = Tiger spray marking. DavidRaju 1.jpg |bSize = 300 |cWidth = 150 |cHeight = 150 |oTop = 30 |oLeft = 30 }}{{CSS image crop |Image = Bijili (A tiger in Ranthambore National Park, 2016) 1.jpg |bSize = 150 |cWidth = 150 |cHeight = 150 |oTop = 30 |oLeft = 0 }}|width=150}} Is speiceas é an tíogar a théann ar rith i bhfad i gcéin agus a scaipeann thar fhaid suas le 650 km (400 mi) chun pobail tíogair in áiteanna eile a shroicheadh.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Connectivity of Tiger (Panthera tigris) Populations in the Human-Influenced Forest Mosaic of Central India|url=https://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0077980|journal=PLoS ONE|date=2013|issn=1932-6203|pmc=3819329|pmid=24223132|pages=e77980|volume=8|issue=11|doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0077980|language=en|author=Joshi, A.; Vaidyanathan, S.; Mondol, S.; Edgaonkar, A. & Ramakrishnan, U.}}</ref> Socraíonn tíogair bhaineanna óga a gcéad raonta baile i ngar dóibh a máithreacha ach déanann na tíogair fhireanna imirce níos faide amach ná a macasamhail bhaineann.<ref name=":10">{{Harvnb|Thapar|2004}}, lch. 76.</ref> Scaip ceithre thíogar baineanna a raibh [[Coiléar raidió|coiléir raidió]] orthu amach idir 0 agus 43.2 km (0.0 agus 26.8 mi) agus 10 dtíogar fireanna idir 9.5 agus 65.7 km (5.9 agus 40.8 mi) i bPáirc Náisiúnta Chitwan.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=The Role of Dispersal in Structuring the Chitwan Tiger Population|url=https://brill.com/view/journals/beh/124/3-4/article-p165_1.xml|journal=Behaviour|date=1993|issn=0005-7959|pages=165–195|volume=124|issue=3-4|doi=10.1163/156853993X00560|author=Smith, J. L. D.}}</ref> Cónaíonn fo-aosach fireann mar fhánaí i raon baile thíogair fhirinn eile go dtí go bhfuil sé níos sine agus láidir go leor chun dúshlán an fhireannaigh chónaithigh a thabhairt.<ref name=":10" /><ref>{{Harvnb|Mills|2004}}, lgh. 54–55. </ref> Marcálann tíogair a raonta baile trí [[Spraeáil múin|mhún a spraeáil]] ar fhásra agus chlocha, crúbáil nó [[cuimilt bholaidh]] a dhéanamh ar chrainnte agus conair a mharcáil le [[faecas]], táil [[Faireog tóna|fhaireog tóna]] agus scrabhanna talúna.<ref name=":7" /><ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Chemical Characterization of Territorial Marking Fluid of Male Bengal Tiger, Panthera tigris|url=http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10886-008-9462-y|journal=Journal of Chemical Ecology|date=2008|issn=0098-0331|pages=659–671|volume=34|issue=5|doi=10.1007/s10886-008-9462-y|language=en|author=Burger, B. V.; Viviers, M. Z.; Bekker, J. P. I.; Roux, M.; Fish, N.; Fourie, W. B. & Weibchen, G.}}</ref><ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Scent marking in free-ranging tigers,Panthera tigris|url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0003347289900018|journal=Animal Behaviour|date=1989|pages=1–10|volume=37|doi=10.1016/0003-3472(89)90001-8|language=en|author=Smith, J. L. D.; McDougal, C. & Miquelle, D.}}</ref><ref>{{Harvnb|Thapar|2004}}, lch. 105.</ref> Ligeann cuimilt bholaidh d'indibhidiúil eolas a fháil amach faoi aitheantas tíogair eile. Is féidir go nglacfar ceannas ar raonta baile gan úinéirí, iad arbh le indibhidiúil a fuair bás ach go háirithe, laistigh de laethanta nó de sheachtainí.<ref name=":7" /> Glacann tíogair bhaineanna le baineannaigh eile laistigh dá raonta baile níos fonnmhaire ná mar a ghlacann fireannaigh le fireannaigh eile toisc nach mbíonn siad caoinfhulangach de ghnáth. Réitítear aighnis le himeaglú seachas le trodaíocht go hiondúil. Is féidir go nglacfaidh fireannach le híochtarán ina raon nuair a bhíonn [[Ceannasacht|an lámh in uachtar]] aige a fhad agus nach dtagann sé i ngar dó, áfach. Baineann na haighnis is fíochmhaire le dhá thíogar fireanna in iomaíocht a chéile a mbíonn baineannach in [[éastras]] os a gcomhair.<ref>{{Harvnb|Mills|2004}}, lgh. 85–86.</ref> Is sóisialta atá tíogair os comhair creiche agus roinnfidh tíogar fireann conablach leis na baineannaigh agus na coileáin laistigh dá raon baile in amanna agus ní cosúil le leoin fhireanna, ligfidh sé dóibh beathú sula mbíonn sé féin críochnaithe leis. Is teannasaí a bhíonn baineannach nuair a bhuaileann sí le baineannach eile os comhair creiche, áfach.<ref>{{Harvnb|Schaller|1967}}, lgh. 244–251.</ref><ref>{{Harvnb|Mills|2004}}, lch. 89.</ref> === Cumarsáid === During friendly encounters and bonding, tigers [[Bunting (animal behavior)|rub against]] each other's bodies.{{sfn|Schaller|1967|pp=262–263}} Facial expressions include the "defence threat", which involves a wrinkled face, bared teeth, pulled-back ears and widened pupils.{{sfn|Schaller|1967|p=263}}<ref name="Mazak1981" /> Both males and females show a [[flehmen response]], a characteristic curled-lip grimace, when smelling urine markings. Males also use the flehmen to detect the markings made by tigresses in oestrus.<ref name="Mazak1981" /> Tigers will move their ears around to display the white spots, particularly during aggressive encounters and between mothers and cubs.<ref name="WCW">{{Cite book|last1=Sunquist|first1=M. E.|year=2002|last2=Sunquist|first2=F.|name-list-style=amp|title=Wild Cats of the World|publisher=University of Chicago Press|location=Chicago|isbn=978-0-226-77999-7|chapter=Tiger ''Panthera tigris'' (Linnaeus, 1758)|pages=343–372|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IF8nDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA320}}</ref> They also use their tails to signal their mood. To show cordiality, the tail sticks up and sways slowly, while an apprehensive tiger lowers its tail or wags it side-to-side. When calm, the tail hangs low.{{sfn|Thapar|2004|p=29}} Tigers are normally silent but can produce numerous vocalisations.{{sfn|Schaller|1967|p=256}}{{sfn|Thapar|2004|p=99}} They [[roar]] to signal their presence to other individuals over long distances. This vocalisation is forced through an open mouth as it closes and can be heard {{cvt|3|km}} away. They roar multiple times in a row and others respond in kind. Tigers also roar during mating and a mother will roar to call her cubs to her. When tense, tigers moan, a sound similar to a roar but softer and made when the mouth is at least partially closed. Moaning can be heard {{cvt|400|m}} away.<ref name="Mazak1981" />{{sfn|Schaller|1967|pp=258–261}} Aggressive encounters involve [[growling]], [[snarling]] and hissing.{{sfn|Schaller|1967|p=261}} An explosive "coughing roar" or "coughing snarl" is emitted through an open mouth and exposed teeth.<ref name="Mazak1981" />{{sfn|Schaller|1967|p=261}}<ref name="WCW" /> In friendlier situations, tigers [[prusten]], a soft, low-frequency snorting sound similar to [[purring]] in smaller cats.<ref>{{Cite journal|doi=10.1023/A:1020620121416|year=1999|last1=Peters|first1=G.|last2=Tonkin-Leyhausen|first2=B. A.|name-list-style=amp|title=Evolution of acoustic communication signals of mammals: Friendly close-range vocalizations in Felidae (Carnivora)|journal=Journal of Mammalian Evolution|volume=6|issue=2|pages=129–159|s2cid=25252052}}</ref> Tiger mothers communicate with their cubs by grunting, while cubs call back with [[Miaow|miaows]].{{sfn|Schaller|1967|pp=257–258}} When startled, they "woof". They produce a deer-like "pok" sound for unknown reasons, but most often at kills.{{sfn|Schaller|1967|pp=256–258}}{{sfn|Mills|2004|p=62}}<gallery mode="packed" heights="150px"> Íomhá:Panthera_tigris_altaica_28_-_Buffalo_Zoo_(1).jpg|alt=Image of tiger barring teeth|Tíogar Amúrach ag nochtadh a chuid fiacla mar chomhartha ionsaitheachta Íomhá:Sumatran_tiger_(Panthera_tigris_sumatrae)_vocalising.webm|alt=Video of tiger roaring at a zoo|[[Tíogar Sumatrach]] i ngéibheann ag búireadh Íomhá:439280_schots_angry-tiger.wav|Tíogar i gcás ag drantú agus ag drannadh </gallery> === Seilg agus aiste bia === [[Íomhá:RANTHAMBORE_TIGER_RESERVE.jpg|alt=Tiger attacking a sambar deer from behind, pulling on its back|mion|Tíogar Bheangál ag ionsaí [[fia sambar]] in [[Anaclann Tíogair Ranthambore]]]] The tiger is a [[carnivore]] and an [[apex predator]]. [[Abundance (ecology)|Abundance]] and body weight of prey species are assumed to be the main criteria for the tiger's prey selection, both inside and outside protected areas.<ref>{{cite journal|author1=Biswas, S.|name-list-style=amp|author2=Kumar, S.|author3=Bandhopadhyay, M.|author4=Patel, S. K.|author5=Lyngdoh, S.|author6=Pandav, B.|author7=Mondol, S.|year=2023|title=What drives prey selection? Assessment of Tiger (''Panthera tigris'') food habits across the Terai-Arc Landscape, India|journal=Journal of Mammalogy|volume=104|issue=6|pages=1302–1316|doi=10.1093/jmammal/gyad069}}</ref> It feeds mainly on large and medium-sized [[Ungulate|hooved mammals]] such as [[sambar deer]], [[Manchurian wapiti]], [[barasingha]], [[gaur]] and [[wild boar]].<!--Please do not add any more species to this sentence.--><ref name="Hayward">{{cite journal|last1=Hayward|first1=M. W.|last2=Jędrzejewski|first2=W.|last3=Jędrzejewska|first3=B.|year=2012|title=Prey preferences of the tiger ''Panthera tigris''|journal=Journal of Zoology|volume=286|issue=3|pages=221–231|doi=10.1111/j.1469-7998.2011.00871.x|name-list-style=amp}}</ref><ref name="Steinmetz_al2021">{{cite journal|author1=Steinmetz, R.|name-list-style=amp|author2=Seuaturien, N.|author3=Intanajitjuy, P.|author4=Inrueang, P.|author5=Prempree, K.|year=2021|title=The effects of prey depletion on dietary niches of sympatric apex predators in Southeast Asia|journal=Integrative Zoology|volume=16|issue=1|pages=19–32|doi=10.1111/1749-4877.12461|pmid=32627329}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|author1=Variar, A. S.|name-list-style=amp|author2=Anoop, N. R.|author3=Komire, S.|author4=Vinayan, P. A.|author5=Sujin, N. S.|author6=Raj, A.|author7=Prasadan, P. K.|year=2023|title=Prey selection by the Indian tiger (''Panthera tigris tigris'') outside protected areas in Indias Western Ghats: implications for conservation|journal=Food Webs|volume=34|article-number=e00268|doi=10.1016/j.fooweb.2022.e00268|bibcode=2023FWebs..3400268V}}</ref> It also preys opportunistically on smaller species like [[Monkey|monkeys]], [[peafowl]] and other ground-based birds, [[Porcupine|porcupines]] and fish.<ref name="Mazak1981" /><ref name="Miquelle" /> Occasional attacks on [[Asian elephant|Asian elephants]] and [[Indian rhinoceros|Indian rhinoceroses]] have also been reported.<ref>{{cite journal|author1=Karanth, K. U.|year=2003|title=Tiger ecology and conservation in the Indian subcontinent|journal=Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society|volume=100|issue=2 & 3|pages=169–189|url=https://repository.ias.ac.in/89489/1/50p.pdf}}</ref> More often, tigers take the more vulnerable calves.<ref>{{cite journal|author1=Karanth, K. U.|author2=Nichols, J. D.|name-list-style=amp|year=1998|title=Estimation of tiger densities in India using photographic captures and recaptures|journal=Ecology|volume=79|issue=8|pages=2852–2862|doi=10.1890/0012-9658(1998)079[2852:EOTDII]2.0.CO;2|jstor=176521|url=http://erepo.usiu.ac.ke/bitstream/handle/11732/758/Estimation%20of%20tiger%20densities%20in%20India%20using%20photographic%20captures%20and%20recaptures.pdf?sequence=4&isAllowed=y|access-date=16 December 2021|archive-date=27 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221127044620/http://erepo.usiu.ac.ke/bitstream/handle/11732/758/Estimation%20of%20tiger%20densities%20in%20India%20using%20photographic%20captures%20and%20recaptures.pdf?sequence=4&isAllowed=y|url-status=live}}</ref> They sometimes prey on livestock and dogs in close proximity to settlements.<ref name="Mazak1981" /> Tigers occasionally consume vegetation, fruit and minerals for [[dietary fibre]] and supplements.<ref name="Perry">{{cite book|author=Perry, R.|title=The World of the Tiger|year=1965|publisher=Cassell|place=London|pages=133–134|asin=B0007DU2IU}}</ref> Tigers learn to hunt from their mothers, though the ability to hunt may be partially inborn.<ref name="Fàbregas">{{cite journal|last1=Fàbregas|first1=M. C.|last2=Fosgate|first2=G. T.|last3=Koehler|first3=G. M.|year=2015|title=Hunting performance of captive-born South China tigers (''Panthera tigris amoyensis'') on free-ranging prey and implications for their reintroduction|journal=Biological Conservation|volume=192|pages=57–64|doi=10.1016/j.biocon.2015.09.007|bibcode=2015BCons.192...57F|hdl=2263/50208|hdl-access=free|name-list-style=amp}}</ref> Depending on the size of the prey, they typically kill weekly though mothers must kill more often.<ref name="Sunquist2010" /> Families hunt together when cubs are old enough.{{sfn|Thapar|2004|p=63}} They search for prey using vision and hearing.{{sfn|Schaller|1967|pp=284–285}} A tiger will also wait at a watering hole for prey to come by, particularly during hot summer days.{{sfn|Schaller|1967|p=288}}{{sfn|Thapar|2004|p=120}} It is an ambush predator and when approaching potential prey, it crouches with the head lowered and hides in foliage. It switches between creeping forward and staying still. A tiger may even doze off and can stay in the same spot for as long as a day, waiting for prey and launch an attack when the prey is close enough,{{sfn|Thapar|2004|pp=119–120, 122}} usually within {{cvt|30|m}}.<ref name="Sunquist2010" /> If the prey spots it before then, the cat does not pursue further.{{sfn|Schaller|1967|p=288}} A tiger can sprint {{cvt|56|km/h|mph}} and leap {{cvt|10|m}};{{sfn|Schaller|1967|p=287}}{{sfn|Thapar|2004|p=23}} it is not a long-distance runner and gives up a chase if prey outpaces it over a certain distance.{{sfn|Schaller|1967|p=288}} [[Íomhá:Tiger's_killing_wild_boar.jpg|alt=Two tigers attacking a boar|deas|mion|Dhá thíogar Bheangál ag ionsaí [[torc allta]] in [[Anaclann Tíogair Kanha]]]] The tiger attacks from behind or at the sides and tries to knock the target off balance. It latches onto prey with its forelimbs, twisting and turning during the struggle and tries to pull it to the ground. The tiger generally applies a [[Throat clamp|bite to the throat]] until its victim dies of [[strangulation]].<ref name="Mazak1981" />{{sfn|Thapar|2004|p=121}}{{sfn|Schaller|1967|p=295}}{{sfn|Mills|2004|p=24}} It has an average bite force at the canine tips of 1234.3 [[Newton (unit)|newtons]].<ref>{{cite journal|author=Christiansen, P.|year=2007|title=Canine morphology in the larger Felidae: implications for feeding ecology|journal=Biological Journal of the Linnean Society|volume=91|issue=4|pages=573–592|doi=10.1111/j.1095-8312.2007.00819.x|doi-access=free}}</ref> Holding onto the throat puts the cat out of reach of horns, antlers, tusks and hooves.{{sfn|Thapar|2004|p=121}}{{sfn|Schaller|1967|pp=295–296}} Tigers are adaptable killers and may use other methods, including ripping the throat or breaking the neck. Large prey may be disabled by a bite to the back of the [[Hock (anatomy)|hock]], severing the tendon. Swipes from the large paws are capable of stunning or breaking the skull of a [[water buffalo]].{{sfn|Thapar|2004|p=126}} They kill small prey with a bite to the back of the neck or head.{{sfn|Schaller|1967|p=289}}<ref name="Sunquist2010" /> Estimates of the [[Hunting success|success rate]] for hunting tigers range from a low of 5% to a high of 50%. They are sometimes killed or injured by large or dangerous prey like gaur, buffalo and boar.<ref name="Sunquist2010" /> Tigers typically move kills to a private, usually vegetated spot no further than {{cvt|183|m}}, though they have been recorded dragging them {{cvt|549|m}}. They are strong enough to drag the carcass of a fully grown buffalo for some distance. They rest for a while before eating and can consume as much as {{cvt|50|kg}} of meat in one session, but feed on a carcass for several days, leaving little for scavengers.{{sfn|Schaller|1967|pp=297–300}} === Iomaitheoirí === [[Íomhá:Tigerdholes.jpg|alt=Painting of dhole pack attacking a tiger|mion|Léaráid ón bhliain 1807 de [[Madra fiáin Áiseach|madraí fiáine Áiseacha]] ag ionsaí tíogair]] In much of their range, tigers share habitat with leopards and [[Dhole|dholes]]. They typically dominate both of them, though with dholes it depends on their pack size. Interactions between the three predators involve chasing, [[Kleptoparasitism|stealing kills]] and direct killing.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Srivathsa|first1=A.|last2=Ramachandran|first2=V.|last3=Saravanan|first3=P.|last4=Sureshbabu|first4=A.|last5=Ganguly|first5=D.|last6=Ramakrishnan|first6=U.|year=2023|title=Topcats and underdogs: intraguild interactions among three apex carnivores across Asia's forestscapes|journal=Biological Reviews|volume=98|issue=6|pages=2114–2135|doi=10.1111/brv.12998|pmid=37449566|s2cid=259903849|name-list-style=amp}}</ref> Large dhole packs may kill tigers.{{sfn|Thapar|2004|p=136}} Tigers, leopards and dholes coexist by hunting different sized prey.<ref name="Karanth">{{cite journal|last=Karanth|first=K. U.|author2=Sunquist, M. E.|name-list-style=amp|year=2000|title=Behavioural correlates of predation by tiger (''Panthera tigris''), leopard (''Panthera pardus'') and dhole (''Cuon alpinus'') in Nagarahole, India|journal=Journal of Zoology|volume=250|pages=255–265|doi=10.1111/j.1469-7998.2000.tb01076.x|issue=2}}</ref> In [[Nagarhole National Park]], the average weight for tiger kills was found to be {{cvt|91.5|kg}}, compared to {{cvt|37.6|kg}} for leopards and {{cvt|43.4|kg}} for dholes.<ref name="KaranthSunquist1995">{{cite journal|author1=Karanth, K. U.|author2=Sunquist, M. E.|name-list-style=amp|title=Prey selection by tiger, leopard and dhole in tropical forests|jstor=5647|doi=10.2307/5647|journal=Journal of Animal Ecology|volume=64|issue=4|year=1995|pages=439–450|bibcode=1995JAnEc..64..439K}}</ref> In [[Kui Buri National Park]], following a reduction in prey numbers, tigers continued to kill favoured prey while leopards and dholes increased their consumption of small prey.<ref name="Steinmetz_al2021" /> Both leopards and dholes can live successfully in tiger habitat when there is abundant food and vegetation cover.<ref name="Karanth" /><ref>{{cite journal|author1=Odden, M.|name-list-style=amp|author2=Wegge, P.|author3=Fredriksen, T.|year=2010|title=Do tigers displace leopards? If so, why?|journal=Ecological Research|volume=25|issue=4|pages=875–881|doi=10.1007/s11284-010-0723-1|bibcode=2010EcoR...25..875O}}</ref> Otherwise, they appear to be less common where tigers are numerous. The recovery of the tiger population in [[Rajaji National Park]] during the 2000s led to a reduction in leopard population densities.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Harihar|first1=A.|last2=Pandav|first2=B.|last3=Goyal|first3=S. P.|year=2011|title=Responses of leopard ''Panthera pardus'' to the recovery of a tiger ''Panthera tigris'' population|journal=Journal of Applied Ecology|volume=48|issue=3|pages=806–814|doi=10.1111/j.1365-2664.2011.01981.x|doi-access=free|bibcode=2011JApEc..48..806H|name-list-style=amp}}</ref> Similarly, at two sites in central India the size of dhole packs was negatively correlated with tiger densities.<ref>{{cite journal|author1=Habib, B.|name-list-style=amp|author2=Nigam P.|author3=Ghaskadbi P.|author4=Bhandari A.|year=2021|title=Dhole pack size variation: Assessing the effect of prey availability and apex predator|journal=Ecology and Evolution|volume=11|issue=9|pages=4774–4785|doi=10.1002/ece3.7380|pmid=33976847|pmc=8093734|bibcode=2021EcoEv..11.4774B}}</ref> Leopard and dhole distribution in Kui Buri correlated with both prey access and tiger scarcity.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Steinmetz|first1=R.|last2=Seuaturien|first2=N.|last3=Chutipong|first3=W.|name-list-style=amp|year=2013|title=Tigers, leopards, and dholes in a half-empty forest: Assessing species interactions in a guild of threatened carnivores|journal=Biological Conservation|volume=163|pages=68–78|doi=10.1016/j.biocon.2012.12.016|bibcode=2013BCons.163...68S}}</ref> In [[Jigme Dorji National Park]], tigers were found to inhabit the deeper parts of forests while the smaller predators were pushed closer to the fringes.<ref>{{cite journal|author=Thinley, P.|author2=Rajaratnam, R.|author3=Lassoie, J. P.|author4=Morreale, S. J.|author5=Curtis, P. D.|author6=Vernes, K.|author7=Leki Leki|author8=Phuntsho, S.|author9=Dorji, T.|author10=Dorji, P.|name-list-style=amp|year=2018|title=The ecological benefit of tigers (''Panthera tigris'') to farmers in reducing crop and livestock losses in the eastern Himalayas: Implications for conservation of large apex predators|journal=Biological Conservation|volume=219|pages=119–125|doi=10.1016/j.biocon.2018.01.015|doi-access=free|bibcode=2018BCons.219..119T}}</ref> === Atáirgeadh agus saolré === {{Redirect|Tiger cub|other uses|Tiger Cub (disambiguation){{!}}Tiger Cub}} [[Íomhá:Tigeress_with_cubs_in_Kanha_Tiger_reserve.jpg|alt=Tiger with cubs|mion|Clann tíogair Bheangál in Anaclann Tíogair Kanha]] The tiger generally [[Mating|mates]] all year round, particularly between November and April. A tigress is in oestrus for three to six days at a time, separated by three to nine week intervals.<ref name="Mazak1981" /> A resident male mates with all the females within his home range, who signal their receptiveness by roaring and marking.{{sfn|Mills|2004|p=42}}{{sfn|Thapar|2004|p=145}} Younger, transient males are also attracted, leading to a fight in which the more dominant, resident male drives the usurper off.<ref name="Sankhala">{{cite journal|last1=Sankhala|first1=K. S.|year=1967|title=Breeding behaviour of the tiger ''Panthera tigris'' in Rajasthan|journal=International Zoo Yearbook|volume=7|issue=1|pages=133–147|doi=10.1111/j.1748-1090.1967.tb00354.x}}</ref>{{sfn|Mills|2004|p=42}} During courtship, the male is cautious with the female until she shows readiness to mate by positioning herself in [[Lordosis behavior|lordosis]] with her tail to the side. [[Copulation (zoology)|Copulation]] typically lasts no more than 20 seconds, with the male biting the female by the scruff of her neck. After it is finished, the male quickly pulls away as the female may turn and slap him.{{sfn|Mills|2004|p=42}} Tiger pairs may stay together for up to four days and mate multiple times.{{sfn|Thapar|2004|p=148}} [[Gestation]] lasts around or over three months.<ref name="Mazak1981" /> A tigress gives birth in a secluded location, be it in dense vegetation, in a cave or under a rocky shelter.{{sfn|Thapar|2004|p=45}} [[Litter (zoology)|Litters]] consist of as many as seven cubs, but two or three are more typical.<ref name="Sankhala" />{{sfn|Thapar|2004|p=45}} Newborn cubs weigh {{cvt|785|–|1610|g}} and are blind and underdeveloped ([[Precociality and altriciality|altricial]]).{{sfn|Thapar|2004|p=45}} The mother licks and cleans her cubs, suckles them and viciously defends them from any potential threat.<ref name="Sankhala" /> Cubs open their eyes at the age of three to 14 days and their vision becomes clear after a few more weeks.{{sfn|Thapar|2004|p=45}} They can leave the denning site after two months and around the same time they start eating meat.<ref name="Sankhala" />{{sfn|Mills|2004|pp=50–51}} The mother only leaves them alone to hunt and even then she does not travel far.{{sfn|Mills|2004|p=50}} When she suspects an area is no longer safe, she moves her cubs to a new spot, transporting them one by one by grabbing them by the scruff of the neck with her mouth.{{sfn|Thapar|2004|p=51}} A tigress in Sikhote-Alin Biosphere Reserve maximised the time spent with her cubs by reducing her home range, killing larger prey and returning to her den more rapidly than without cubs; when the cubs started to eat meat, she took them to kill sites, thereby optimising their protection and access to food.<ref>{{cite journal|author1=Petrunenko, Y. K.|name-list-style=amp|author2=Seryodkin, I. V.|author3=Bragina, E. V.|author4=Soutyrina, S. S.|author5=Mukhacheva, A. S.|author6=Rybin, N. N.|author7=Miquelle, D. G.|year=2019|title=How does a tigress balance the opposing constraints of raising cubs?|journal=Mammal Research|volume=65|issue=2|pages=245–253|doi=10.1007/s13364-019-00466-x}}</ref> In the same reserve, one of 21 cubs died in over eight years of monitoring and mortality did not differ between male and female juveniles.<ref>{{cite journal|author1=Robinson, H. S.|name-list-style=amp|author2=Goodrich, J. M.|author3=Miquelle, D. G.|author4=Miller, C. S.|author5=Seryodkin, I. V.|year=2015|title=Mortality of Amur tigers: The more things change, the more they stay the same|journal=Integrative Zoology|volume=10|issue=4|pages=344–353|doi=10.1111/1749-4877.12147|pmid=26096683}}</ref> Tiger monitoring over six years in [[Ranthambore Tiger Reserve]] indicated an average annual survival rate of around 85 percent for 74 male and female cubs; survival rate increased to 97 percent for both males and female juveniles of one to two years of age.<ref name="Sadhu2017">{{cite journal|author1=Sadhu, A.|name-list-style=amp|author2=Jayam, P. P. C.|author3=Qureshi, Q.|author4=Shekhawat, R. S.|author5=Sharma, S.|author6=Jhala, Y. V.|year=2017|title=Demography of a small, isolated tiger (''Panthera tigris tigris'') population in a semi-arid region of western India|journal=BMC Zoology|volume=2|article-number=16|doi=10.1186/s40850-017-0025-y|doi-access=free}}</ref> Causes of cub mortality include predators, floods, fires, death of the mother and fatal injuries.{{sfn|Thapar|2004|p=51}}{{sfn|Mills|2004|p=51}}<ref name="Barlow2009">{{cite journal|author1=Barlow, A. C. D.|name-list-style=amp|author2=McDougal, C.|author3=Smith, J. L. D.|author4=Gurung, B.|author5=Bhatta, S. R.|author6=Kumal, S.|author7=Mahato, B.|author8=Taman, D. B.|year=2009|title=Temporal variation in Tiger (''Panthera tigris'') populations and its implications for monitoring|journal=Journal of Mammalogy|volume=90|issue=2|pages=472–478|doi=10.1644/07-MAMM-A-415.1|bibcode=2009JMamm..90..472B|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref name="Sadhu2017" /> [[Íomhá:Panthera_tigris_altaica_13_-_Buffalo_Zoo.jpg|alt=Tigress with cub in snow|mion|Tíogar Amúrach baineann lena coileán i [[Zú Buffalo]]]] After around two months, the cubs are able to follow their mother. They still hide in vegetation when she goes hunting. Young bond through play fighting and practice stalking. A hierarchy develops in the litter, with the biggest cub, often a male, being the most dominant and the first to eat its fill at a kill.{{sfn|Mills|2004|pp=61, 66–67}} Around the age of six months, cubs are fully weaned and have more freedom to explore their environment. Between eight and ten months, they accompany their mother on hunts.{{sfn|Thapar|2004|p=63}} A cub can make a kill as early as 11 months and reach independence as a juvenile of 18 to 24 months of age; males become independent earlier than females.{{sfn|Schaller|1967|pp=270, 276}}<ref name="Sadhu2017" /> Radio-collared tigers in Chitwan started leaving their natal areas at the age of 19 months.<ref name="Smith1993">{{cite journal|last=Smith|first=J. L. D.|year=1993|title=The role of dispersal in structuring the Chitwan tiger population|volume=124|journal=Behaviour|issue=3|pages=165–195|doi=10.1163/156853993X00560}}</ref> Young females are [[Sexual maturity|sexually mature]] at three to four years, whereas males are at four to five years.<ref name="Mazak1981" /> [[Generation time|Generation length]] of the tiger is about 7–10 years.<ref>{{cite journal|title=Generation length for mammals|author=Pacifici, M.|author2=Santini, L.|author3=Di Marco, M.|author4=Baisero, D.|author5=Francucci, L.|author6=Grottolo Marasini, G.|author7=Visconti, P.|author8=Rondinini, C.|journal=Nature Conservation|year=2013|volume=5|issue=5|pages=87–94|doi=10.3897/natureconservation.5.5734|doi-access=free|name-list-style=amp}}</ref> Wild Bengal tigers live 12–15 years.<ref>{{cite journal|author=Majumder, A.|year=2023|title=Survival strategy – Temporal segregation of different age and sex classes of a Bengal tiger (''Panthera tigris tigris'' Linnaeus) population in Pench Tiger Reserve, Madhya Pradesh India|journal=Journal of Animal Diversity|volume=5|issue=3|pages=43–54|doi=10.61186/JAD.2023.5.3.5|doi-access=free}}</ref> Data from the International Tiger [[Studbook]] 1938–2018 indicate that captive tigers lived up to 19 years.<ref>{{cite journal|author1=Tidière, M.|name-list-style=amp|author2=Müller, P.|author3=Sliwa, A.|author4=Siberchicot, A.|author5=Douay, G.|year=2021|title=Sex-specific actuarial and reproductive senescence in zoo-housed tiger (''Panthera tigris''): The importance of sub-species for conservation|journal=Zoo Biology|volume=40|issue=4|pages=320–329|doi=10.1002/zoo.21610|pmid=33861886|url=https://findresearcher.sdu.dk/ws/files/182491417/zoo.21610.pdf}}</ref> The father does not play a role in raising the young, but he encounters and interacts with them. The resident male appears to visit the female–cub families within his home range. They socialise and even share kills.{{sfn|Mills|2004|pp=59, 89}}{{sfn|Thapar|2004|pp=55–56}} One male was recorded looking after cubs whose mother had died.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-south-asia-13598386|work=BBC News|author=Pandey, G.|date=2011|title=India male tiger plays doting dad to orphaned cubs|access-date=14 February 2024|archive-date=8 April 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240408231242/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-south-asia-13598386|url-status=live}}</ref> By defending his home range, the male protects the females and cubs from other males.{{sfn|Mills|2004|p=59}} When a new male takes over, dependent cubs are at risk of [[Infanticide (zoology)|infanticide]] as the male attempts to sire his own young with the females.{{sfn|Thapar|2004|p=66}} A seven-year long study in Chitwan National Park revealed that 12 of 56 detected cubs and juveniles were killed by new males taking over home ranges.<ref name="Barlow2009" /> === Sláinte agus galair === Tá taifid ann de thíogair mar óstaigh sheadáin éagsúla amhail péisteanna ribíneacha cosúil le ''[[Diphyllobothrium]] erinacei'', ''[[Taenia pisiformis]]'' san India agus speicis ''[[Toxocara]]'' san India agus speicis ''[[Physaloptera]] preputialis'', ''[[Dirofilaria]] ursi'' agus ''Uiteinarta'' sa tSibéir.<ref name=":8" /> Tá sé ar eolas go mbíonn [[conslaod]] le fáil i dtíogair Amúracha.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Canine Distemper Virus: an Emerging Disease in Wild Endangered Amur Tigers ( Panthera tigris altaica )|url=https://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/mBio.00410-13|journal=mBio|date=2013|issn=2161-2129|pmc=3747579|pmid=23943758|volume=4|issue=4|doi=10.1128/mBio.00410-13|language=en|author=Seimon, T. A.; Miquelle, D. G.; Chang, T. Y.; Newton, A. L.; Korotkova, I.; Ivanchuk, G.; Lyubchenko, E.; Tupikov, A.; Slabe, E. & McAloose, D.}}</ref> Ionfhabhtú morbillivíris is é is dóichí a bheith mar chúis báis tíogair bhaininn i gCianoirthear na Rúise a raibh tástáil dhearfach ar an [[Painleocaipéine fhéilíneach|phainleocaipéine fhéilíneach]] agus an [[Coróinvíreas féilíneach|choróinvíreas fhéilíneach]] aici.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Morbillivirus Infection in a Wild Siberian Tiger in the Russian Far East|url=https://meridian.allenpress.com/jwd/article/46/4/1252/121390/Morbillivirus-Infection-in-a-Wild-Siberian-Tiger|journal=Journal of Wildlife Diseases|date=2010|issn=0090-3558|pages=1252–1256|volume=46|issue=4|doi=10.7589/0090-3558-46.4.1252|language=en|author=Quigley, K. S.; Evermann, J. F.; Leathers, C. W.; Armstrong, D. L.; Goodrich, J.; Duncan, N. M. & Miquelle, D. G.}}</ref> Léirigh samplaí fola ó 11 tíogair fhásta sa Neipeal [[antasubstaintí]] le haghaidh [[Conpharvaivíreas|conpharvaivíris]]-2, [[Heirpéasvíreas féilíneach|heirpéasvíris fhéilínigh]], córóinvíris féilínigh, [[Leiptispioróis|leiptispioróise]] agus ''[[Toxoplasma gondii]]''.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Serologic Survey of Selected Pathogens in Free-Ranging Bengal Tigers (Panthera tigris tigris) in Nepal|url=https://meridian.allenpress.com/jwd/article/57/2/393/451344/Serologic-Survey-of-Selected-Pathogens-in-Free|journal=Journal of Wildlife Diseases|date=2021|issn=0090-3558|volume=57|issue=2|doi=10.7589/JWD-D-20-00046|author=McCauley, D.; Stout, V.; Gairhe, K. P.; Sadaula, A.; Dubovi, E.; Subedi, S. & Kaufman, G. E.}}</ref> == Bagairtí == == Caomhnú == {{Main|Caomhnú an Tíogair}} ''Tuilleadh Eolais: [[Tíogar na 21ú hAoise]]'' {| class="wikitable sortable floatright" |+ Pobal domhanda na dtíogar fiáin !Tír !Bliain !Meastachán |- | {{flagicon|India}} [[An India]]|| 2022 || align="right" |3,167–3,682<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|author=Qureshi, Q.; Jhala, Y. V.; Yadav, S. P. & Mallick, A.|date=2023|url=https://wii.gov.in/images//images/documents/publications/statu_tiger_copredators-2022.pdf|title=Status of tigers, co-predators and prey in India 2022 (PDF)|publisher=National Tiger Conservation Authority & Wildlife Institute of India|location=Deilí Nua, Dehradun}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240505145403/https://wii.gov.in/images//images/documents/publications/statu_tiger_copredators-2022.pdf |date=2024-05-05 }}</ref> |- | {{flagicon|Russia}} [[An Rúis]]|| 2022 || align="right" |573–600<ref name=":5">{{Lua idirlín|teideal=Global Tiger Recovery Program 2.0 (2023-34)|url=https://globaltigerforum.org/global-tiger-recovery-program-2-0-2023-34/|dátarochtana=01-12-2025|language=en-US|foilsitheoir=Global Tiger Forum}}</ref> |- | {{Bratach|Indonesia}} [[An Indinéis]]|| 2022 || align="right" |393<ref name=":5" /> |- | {{Bratach|Nepal}} [[Neipeal]]|| 2022 || align="right" |316–355<ref>{{cite book|year=2022|title=Status of Tigers and Prey in Nepal 2022|location=Kathmandu, Neipeal|publisher=Department of National Parks and Wildlife Conservation and Department of Forests and Soil Conservation. Ministry of Forests and Environment|url=https://dnpwc.gov.np/media/files/Status_of_Tigers_Ic2ylSC.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230408104009/https://dnpwc.gov.np/media/files/Status_of_Tigers_Ic2ylSC.pdf|author=DNPWC & DFSC}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230408104009/https://dnpwc.gov.np/media/files/Status_of_Tigers_Ic2ylSC.pdf |date=2023-04-08 }}</ref> |- | {{Bratach|Thailand}} [[An Téalainn]]|| 2022 || align="right" |148–189<ref name=":5" /> |- | {{Bratach|Malaysia}} [[An Mhalaeisia]]|| 2022 || align="right" |<150<ref name=":5" /> |- | {{Bratach|Bhutan}} [[An Bhútáin]]|| 2022 || align="right" |131<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|author=Department of Forests and Park Services|date=2023|title=National Tiger Survey 2021–22|publisher=Rialtas na Bútaine|location=Thimphu}}</ref> |- | {{Bratach|Bangladesh}} [[An Bhanglaidéis]]|| 2022|| align="right" |118–122<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|author=Begum, S.|date=30 Iúil 2024|title=Tiger population in Sundarban rises by 8-10pc in 2024|publisher=Daily Observer|url=https://www.observerbd.com/news.php?id=482816}}</ref> |- | {{Bratach|China}} [[An tSín]]|| 2022 || align="right"|>60<ref name=":5" /> |- | {{Bratach|Myanmar}} [[Maenmar]]|| 2022 || align="right" |28<ref name=":5" /> |- | '''Iomlán'''|| || align="right" |'''5,638–5,899''' |} Tá an chuma ar an scéal nach bhfuil ach 5000-7000 tíogar fágtha ar domhan. Meastar go bhfuil níos lú na 2500 tíogar fásta sa nádúr. Timpeall na bliana 1900 bhí 100,000 tíogar ann. Bhí naoi bhfospeiceas ann tráth. Ach tá tíogar Bhailí, an tíogar Iávach agus an tíogar Caispeach imithe in éag. Níl ach sé fhospeiceas ann anois, agus iad uile i mbaol: * An [[Tíogar Bheangál]]:<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Bengal tiger|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bengal_tiger|journal=Wikipedia|date=2024-12-11|language=en}}</ref> níos lú na 2000 fágtha * An [[Tíogar Ind-Síneach]]:<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Indochinese tiger|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indochinese_tiger|journal=Wikipedia|date=2024-09-12|language=en}}</ref> 1200-1800 * An [[Tíogar Malaech]]:<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Malayan tiger|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malayan_tiger|journal=Wikipedia|date=2024-12-28|language=en}}</ref> 600-800 * An [[Tíogar Sumatrach]]: 400-500 * An [[Tíogar Amúrach]] (sa [[An tSibéir|tSibéir]]): 400-550. Sna 1940idí ní raibh ach 40 tíogar Amúrach fágtha ach tá suas le 550 ann anois mar cuireadh stop leis an sealgaireacht. * [[Tíogar na Síne Theas]]:<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=South China tiger|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_China_tiger|journal=Wikipedia|date=2024-11-27|language=en}}</ref> díobhaí sa nádúr; 59 i zúnna Tá a ghnáthóg á chailliúint ag an tíogar. Tá an fuadach tíograch coitianta agus maraítear tíogair beagnach gach lá mar úsáidtear a bhfionnadh agus a gcoirp sa leigheas traidisiúnta. == Féach freisin == * An [[Tíogar Sumatrach]] agus an [[Tíogar Amúrach]] * [[An Tíogar Ceilteach]] == Tagairtí == {{Reflist}} == Leabharliosta == * {{Citation |last=Thapar |first=V. |title=Tiger: The Ultimate Guide |date=2004 |url=https://archive.org/details/tigerultimategui0000thap/mode/2up |place=Deilí Nua |publisher=CDS Books |isbn=1-59315-024-5}} * {{Citation |last=Green |first=S. |title=Tiger |date=2006 |issue=2 |place=Londain |publisher=Reaktion Books |isbn=978-1-86189-276-8}} * {{Citation |title=The Encyclopedia of Mammals |date=2001 |issue=2 |editor-last=MacDonald |editor-first=D. |place=Oxford |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-7607-1969-5}} * {{Citation |last=Tilson |first=R. |title=Tigers of the World: The Science, Politics and Conservation of Panthera tigris |date=2010 |issue=2 |place=Londain |publisher=Academic Press |isbn=978-0-08-094751-8 |last2=Nyhus |first2=P. J.}} * {{Citation |last=Mills |first=S. |title=Tiger |date=2004 |url=https://archive.org/details/tiger0000mill/mode/2up |archive-url= |place=Richmond Hill |publisher=Firefly Books |isbn=1-55297-949-0}} * {{Citation |last=Schaller |first=G. B. |title=The Deer and the Tiger: A Study of Wildlife in India |date=1967 |url=https://archive.org/details/deertigerstudyof0000scha/page/n419/mode/2up |place=Chicago |publisher=University of Chicago Press |isbn=0-226-73631-8}} * {{Citation |last=Seidensticker |first=J |title=Riding the Tiger: Tiger Conservation in Human-Dominated Landscapes |date=1999 |url=https://archive.org/details/ridingtigertiger00unse |place=Cambridge |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-64835-6 |last2=Christie |first2=S |last3=Jackson |first3=P}} * {{Citation |last=Sludskii |first=A. A. |title=Tiger Panthera tigris Linnaeus, 1758 |date=1992 |work=Mlekopitajuščie Sovetskogo Soiuza. Moskva: Vysšaia Škola [Mamaigh an Aontais Shóivéadaigh] |volume=II, Part 2. Carnivora (Hyaenas and Cats) |pages=95–202 |editor-last=Heptner |editor-first=V. G. |editor-last2=Sludskii |editor-first2=A. A. |url=https://archive.org/stream/mammalsofsov221992gept#page/94/mode/2up |place=Washington DC |publisher=Smithsonian Institution and the National Science Foundation |isbn=978-90-04-08876-4}} {{síol ainmhí}} [[Catagóir:Tíogair]] [[Catagóir:Cait]] dg02bpmhzvalwvt2kn4oxuwgc2qxp0e 1321799 1321733 2026-07-27T09:24:23Z An Sionnach Rua 29036 Cumarsáid aistrithe 1321799 wikitext text/x-wiki {{WD Bosca Sonraí Ainmhí Bheo}} [[File:A walk with the Tigress.webm|thumb|right|tíogar]] Is cat mór é an '''tíogar''' ('''''Panthera tigris''''')<ref name="Tearma">{{Cite web-en|url=https://www.tearma.ie/q/Panthera%20tigris/|title=“Panthera tigris” {{!}} téarma.ie|publisher=[[An Coiste Téarmaíochta]]|work=[[Téarma.ie]]: An Bunachar Náisiúnta Téarmaíochta don Ghaeilge|access-date=2023-06-26}}</ref><ref name="Linn1758" /> ar ball é den ghéineas ''[[Panthera]]'' a thagann ón [[An Áise|Áise]] ó dhúchas. Tá corp láidir agus matánach aige a bhfuil ceann agus lapaí móra, eireaball fada agus fionnadh flannbhuí le stríoca dubha atá ceartingearach don chuid is mó air. Rangaítear in naoi [[Fospeiceas|bhfospeiceas]] [[Holaicéineach|reatha]] é go traidisiúnta cé nach n-aithníonn roinnt daoine agus eagraíochtaí ach an dá fhospeiceas, tíogair na mórthíre Áisí agus tíogair oileáin na [[Oileáin Sunda|nOileán Sunda]]. Cuireann an tíogar faoi i bhforaoisí den chuid is mó, idir [[Foraois leathanduilleach agus mheasctha mheasartha|foraoisí leathanduilleacha agus measctha measartha]] agus [[Cónaiféar|buaircíneach]] i [[Cianoirthear na Rúise|gCianoirthear na Rúise]] agus [[Oirthuaisceart na Síne]] agus [[Foraois leathanduilleach thais thrópaiceach agus fhothrópaiceach|foraoisí leathanduilleacha taise trópaiceacha agus fothrópaiceacha]] i [[Fo-ilchríoch na hIndia|bhfo-ilchríoch na hIndia]] agus in [[Oirdheisceart na hÁise]]. Is [[buaicchreachadóir]] é an tíogar a chreachann [[Crúbach|crúbaigh]] roimh a ndéanann sé luíochán go príomha. Caitheann sé saol atá aonarach go hiondúil agus bíonn [[raon baile]] a chosnaíonn sé roimh indibhidiúil den ghnéas chéanna aige. Forluíonn raon an fhireannaigh raoin go leor baineannach lena chúplálann sé. De ghnáth, beireann an baineannach idir dhá agus trí choileán a fhanann lena máthair ar feadh dhá bhliain. Nuair a bhíonn na coileáin neamhspleách, fágann siad raon baile a máthar agus bunaíonn siad a raon féin. Ó bhlianta luaithe na fichiú haoise, is in ísle a ndeachaigh raon baile na dtíogar agus ar a laghad 93% dá raon stairiúil caillte acu; tá siad [[Díothú áitiúil|díothaithe go háitiúil]] in [[Iarthar na hÁise|Iarthar]] agus i [[Lár na hÁise]] agus i gcodanna móra na [[An tSín|Síne]] chomh maith leis na hoileáin [[Iáva]] agus [[Bailí]]. Tá raon an tíogair scoilte go dona sa lá atá inniu ann. Liostaítear mar [[Speiceas i mbaol (Stádas AICD)|speiceas i mbaol]] é ar [[Liosta Dearg an AICD de Speicis i mBaol]] mar meastar gur laghdaigh a raon idir 53% go 68% ó bhí na 1990idí déanacha ann. Tá go leor bagairtí móra ag cur le stádas reatha na dtíogar idir [[Scriosadh gnáthóige|scriosadh]] agus [[Ilroinnt gnáthóige|ilroinnt a ngnáthóige]] mar gheall ar [[Dífhoraoisiú|dhífhoraoisiú]], [[póitseáil]] ar son a bhfionnaidh agus trádáil mhídhleathach a gcodanna coirp ar mhaithe le cúrsaí leighis. Is íospartaigh na [[An choinbhleacht daonna-fiadhúlra|coinbhleachta daonna-fiadhúlra]] iad na tíogair fosta mar ionsaíonn agus creachann siad an beostoc i gceantair nach bhfuil mórán creach nádúrtha le fáil iontu. Tá cosaint dhlíthiúil ag an tíogar in chuile thír laistigh dá raon. Cuimsíonn cuir chuige náisiúnta pleananna gníomhaíochta, [[patróil fhrith-phóitseála]] agus scéimeanna monatóireachta líon na dtíogar. Bunaíodh [[Conair fhiadhúlra|conairí fiadhúlra]] i gcuid mhaith de na tíortha laistigh dá raon agus tá athbhunú tíogar pleanáilte iontu.<ref name=":3">{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Panthera tigris|url=https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/15955/214862019|date=2021-12-15|doi=10.2305/iucn.uk.2022-1.rlts.t15955a214862019.en|language=en|author=Goodrich, J., Wibisono, H., Miquelle, D., Lynam, A.J., Sanderson, E., Chapman, S., Gray, T.N.E., Chanchani, P. & Harihar, A.|journal=The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species|publisher=IUCN}}</ref> Tá an tíogar ar cheann de na [[Mórfhána carasmatach|mórfhánaí carasmatacha]] is mó a bhfuil tóir air ar fud an domhain. Bhíodh an tíogar i ngéibheann ón chéad lá riamh agus traenáladh é chun seónna a chur ar fáil i [[Sorcas|sorcais]] agus cláracha siamsaíochta eile. Chonacthas an tíogar go forleathan i [[miotaseolaíocht]] agus i [[Béaloideas|mbéaloideas]] ársa na gcultúr fud fad a raon stairiúil agus [[Léirithe cultúrtha an tíogair|chonacthas fós i gcultúr]] ar fud an domhain é sa lá atá inniu ann. == Sanasaíocht == Síolraíonn an [[Seanbhéarla]] ''tigras'' ón [[Seanfhraincis|tSeanfhraincis]] ''tigre'', ón [[An Laidin|Laidin]] ''tigris'', ar iasacht é de ''tigris'' ([[An tSean-Ghréigis|Sean-Ghréigis]]: τίγρις).<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|author=Liddell, H. G. & Scott, R. (Sir Henry Stuart Jones, Roderick McKenzie eag.)|date=1940|url=https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3Dti%2Fgris|title="τίγρις".|journal=A Greek-English Lexicon|publisher=Clarendon Press|location=Oxford|accessdate=21 Feabhra 2021}}</ref> Ón aimsir ársa, meastar go síolraíonn an focal ''tigris'' ón fhocal [[An Airméinis|Arméiniseach]] nó [[An Pheirsis|Pheirsiseach]] ar 'saighead' ar féidir leis a bheith ina bhunús d'ainm abhainn na [[An Tígris|Tigrise]].<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|author=Varro, M. T.; Kent, R. G.|date=1938|url=https://archive.org/details/onlatinlanguage01varruoft/page/96/mode/2up|title="De lingua latina" [On the Latin Language]|journal="XX. Ferarum vocabula" [XX. The names of wild beasts]|pages=lgh. 94-97|publisher=W. Heinemann|location=Londain}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Naming the Tiger in the Early Modern World|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/26560471|journal=Renaissance Quarterly|date=2017|issn=0034-4338|pages=977–1006|volume=70|issue=3|author=David Thorley|doi=10.1086/693884. JSTOR 26560471}}</ref> Sa lá atá inniu ann, áfach, glactar leis gur comhainm atá iontu agus nach bhfuil gaol ar bith ann idir ainm an ainmhí agus na habhann.<ref name=":0" /> == Tacsanomaíocht == Rinne an luibheolaí Sulannach [[Carl von Linné]] an chéad chur síos eolaíoch ar an tíogar ina shaothar ''[[Systema Naturae]]'', áit a fuair sé an [[Ainmníocht dhéthéarmach|t-ainm déthéarmach]] ''Felis tigris'', mar ba ghnách ag an am an géineas ''Felis'' a úsáid le haghaidh na cait ar fad. Bunaítear an [[cur síos eolaíoch]] ar chuir síos a rinne nádúraithe níos luaithe amhail [[Conrad Gessner]] agus [[Ulisse Aldrovandi]].<ref name="Linn1758">{{luaigh foilseachán|author=Linnaeus, C.|year=1758|title=[https://archive.org/stream/mobot31753000798865#page/41/mode/2up "Felis tigris"] Caroli Linnæi Systema naturæ per regna tria naturæ, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis|volume=Tomus I|location=Holmiae|publisher=Laurentius Salvius|language=la|issue=decima, reformata|pages=lch. 41}}</ref> Is in 1929 a chuir [[Reginald Innes Pocock]] an speiceas sa ghéineas ''[[Panthera]]'' faoin ainm dhéthéarmach ''Panthera tigris''.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|author=Pocock, R. I.|date=1929|title=Tigers|journal=Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society|volume=33|issue=3|pages=lgh. 505–541|url=https://archive.org/details/journalofbomb33341929bomb/page/n133}}</ref><ref name=":2" /> === Fospeiceas === {{Anchor|Pobail}}Moladh naoi [[Fospeiceas|bhfospeiceas]] tíogar [[Holaicéineach|reatha]] idir luathbhlianta na 19ú hAois agus na 21ú hAois agus is iad sin an [[tíogar Bheangál]], [[Tíogar Malaech|Malaech]], [[Tíogar Ind-Síneach|Ind-Síneach]], [[Tíogar na Síne Theas|na Síne Theas]], [[Tíogar Amúrach|Amúrach]], [[Tíogar Caispeach|Caispeach]], [[Tíogar Iávach|Iávach]], [[Tíogar Bailí|Bailí]] agus [[Tíogar Sumatrach|Sumatrach]].<ref name="MSW3">{{Luaigh foilseachán|author=[[W. Chris Wozencraft|Wozencraft, W. C.]]|date=2005|title=Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference|issue=3|publisher=Johns Hopkins University Press ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0. OCLC 62265494.|pages=lch. 546|coauthors=[http://www.departments.bucknell.edu/biology/resources/msw3/browse.asp?id=14000259 "Species ''Panthera tigris''"] In [[Don E. Wilson|Wilson, D. E.]]; Reeder, D. M. (eag.)|url=http://www.google.com/books?id=JgAMbNSt8ikC&pg=PA546}}</ref><ref name=Wilting2015/> Ceistíodh [[Bailíocht ainmnithe (zó-eolaíocht)|bailíocht]] cuid mhaith de na fospeicis mar bhí sé de nós an tráth sin iad a idirdhealú bunaithe ar dhath agus fhaid an fhionnaidh, patrúin stríoca agus méid na n-eiseamlár i mbailiúcháin [[Iarsmalann stair an dúlra|iarsmalanna stair an dúlra]] ar féidir nach n-ionadaíonn siad an pobal ar fad. Moladh gur cheart dhá fhospeiceas bailí tíogar a aithint, is iad sin ''P. t. tigris'' ar mhórthír na hÁise agus an speiceas níos lú ''P. t. sondaica'' sna [[Na hOileáin Sunda Mór|hOileáin Sunda Mór]].<ref name="Kitchener1999">Kitchener, A. (1999). "Tiger distribution, phenotypic variation and conservation issues" in {{harvnb|Seidensticker|Christie|Jackson|1999|lgh=19–39|lua=ref=Seidensticker, J.; Christie, S.; Jackson, P.}}, lgh. 19-39</ref> D'athdhearbhaíodh an moladh dhá fhospeicis arís sa bhliain 2015 trí anailís chuimsitheach a dhéanamh ar thréithe moirfeolaíocha, éiceolaíocha agus ADN miteacoindreacha (mtADN) chuile fhospeiceas toimhdean tíogar.<ref name="Wilting2015">{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Planning tiger recovery: Understanding intraspecific variation for effective conservation|url=https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4640610/|journal=Science Advances|date=Mí an Mheithimh 2015|issn=2375-2548|pmc=4640610|pmid=26601191|pages=e1400175|volume=1|issue=5|doi=10.1126/sciadv.1400175|author=Wilting, A.; Courtiol, A.; Christiansen, P.; Niedballa, J.; Scharf, A. K.; Orlando, L.; Balkenhol, N.; Hofer, H.; Kramer-Schadt, S.; Fickel, J. & Kitchener, A. C.}}</ref> In 2017, d'athbhreithnigh Tascfhórsa Catrangaithe Ghrúpa Sainréimse Cat an AICD tacsanomaíocht ''felid'' de réir an mholta dhá fhospeicis 2015 agus níor aithníodh ach ''P. t. tigris'' agus ''P. t. sondaica'' amháin.<ref name="catsg">{{Luaigh foilseachán|author=Kitchener, A. C.; Breitenmoser-Würsten, C.; Eizirik, E.; Gentry, A.; Werdelin, L.; Wilting, A.; Yamaguchi, N.; Abramov, A. V.; Christiansen, P.; Driscoll, C.; Duckworth, J. W.; Johnson, W.; Luo, S.-J.; Meijaard, E.; O'Donoghue, P.; Sanderson, J.; Seymour, K.; Bruford, M.; Groves, C.; Hoffmann, M.; Nowell, K.; Timmons, Z. & Tobe, S.|date=2017|url=https://repository.si.edu/bitstream/handle/10088/32616/A_revised_Felidae_Taxonomy_CatNews.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y#page=66|title=A revised taxonomy of the Felidae: The final report of the Cat Classification Task Force of the IUCN Cat Specialist Group (PDF).|journal=Cat News (Special Issue 11)|pages=lgh. 66-68}}</ref> Léirigh torthaí staidéar seicheamhaithe géinte iomláin 2018 de 32 sampla ón sé fhospeiceas toimhdean beo—an tíogar Bheangál, Malaech, Ind-Síneach, na Síne Theas, Amúrach agus Sumatrach—gur [[Clád|cláid]] shoiléire faoi leith iad.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Genome-Wide Evolutionary Analysis of Natural History and Adaptation in the World’s Tigers|url=https://www.cell.com/current-biology/abstract/S0960-9822(18)31214-4|journal=Current Biology|date=2018|issn=0960-9822|pmid=30482605|pages=3840–3849.e6|volume=28|issue=23|doi=10.1016/j.cub.2018.09.019|language=English|author=Liu, Y.-C.; Sun, X.; Driscoll, C.; Miquelle, D. G.; Xu, X.; Martelli, P.; Uphyrkina, O.; Smith, J. L. D.; O'Brien, S. J. & Luo, S.-J.}}</ref> Chomhthacaíodh leis na torthaí arís in 2021 agus 2023.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Recent Evolutionary History of Tigers Highlights Contrasting Roles of Genetic Drift and Selection|url=https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8136513/|journal=Molecular Biology and Evolution|date=2021|issn=1537-1719|pmc=8136513|pmid=33592092|pages=2366–2379|volume=38|issue=6|doi=10.1093/molbev/msab032|author=Armstrong, E. E.; Khan, A.; Taylor, R. W.; Gouy, A.; Greenbaum, G.; Thiéry, A; Kang, J. T.; Redondo, S. A.; Prost, S.; Barsh, G.; Kaelin, C.; Phalke, S.; Chugani, A.; Gilbert, M.; Miquelle, D.; Zachariah, A.; Borthakur, U.; Reddy, A.; Louis, E.; Ryder, O. A.; Jhala, Y. V.; Petrov, D.; Excoffier, L.; Hadly, E. & Ramakrishnan, U.}}</ref><ref name="Wang2023">{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Population genomic analysis provides evidence of the past success and future potential of South China tiger captive conservation|url=https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10111772/|journal=BMC biology|date=2023|issn=1741-7007|pmc=10111772|pmid=37069598|pages=64|volume=21|issue=1|doi=10.1186/s12915-023-01552-y|author=Wang, C.; Wu, D. D.; Yuan, Y. H.; Yao, M. C.; Han, J. L.; Wu, Y. J.; Shan, F.; Li, W. P.; Zhai, J. Q.; Huang, M; Peng, S. H.; Cai, Q .H.; Yu, J. Y.; Liu, Q. X.; Lui, Z. Y.; Li, L. X.; Teng, M. S.; Huang, W.; Zhou, J. Y.; Zhang, C.; Chen, W. & Tu, X. L.}}</ref> Léirigh staidéar sa bhliain 2023 go bhfuil bailíocht ag an naoi bhfospeiceas reatha ar fad.<ref name=":1">{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Ancient DNA reveals genetic admixture in China during tiger evolution|url=https://www.nature.com/articles/s41559-023-02185-8|journal=Nature Ecology & Evolution|date=2023-11|issn=2397-334X|pages=1914–1929|volume=7|issue=11|doi=10.1038/s41559-023-02185-8|language=en|author=Sun, X.; Liu, Y.-C.; Tiunov, M. P.; Gimranov, D. O.; Zhuang, Y.; Han, Y.; Driscoll, C. A.; Driscoll, C. A.; Pang, Y.; Li, C.; Pan, Y; Velasco, M. S.; Gopalakrishnan, S.; Yang, R.-Z.; Li, B.-G.; Jin, K.; Xu, X.; Uphyrkina, O.; Huang, Y.; Wu, X.-H.; Gilbert, M. T. P.; O'Brien, S. J.; Yamaguchi, N. & Luo, S.-J.}}</ref> Deir an Grúpa Sainréimse Cat "Given the varied interpretations of data, the [subspecific] taxonomy of this species is currently under review by the IUCN SSC Cat Specialist Group." nó i nGaeilge "Mar gheall ar na léirmhínithe éagsúla ar an dáta, tá Grúpa Sainréimse Cat SSC an AICD ag déanamh athbhreithnithe ar thacsanomaíocht [fospeiceasach] an speicis seo".<ref>{{Lua idirlín|teideal=Tiger|url=http://www.catsg.org/index.php?id=124|work=www.catsg.org|dátarochtana=2025-11-27|language=|údar=CatSG|archivedate=2014-11-12|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141112171012/http://www.catsg.org/index.php?id=124}}</ref> Tá na táblaí thíos bunaithe ar [[Tacsanomaíocht (bitheolaíocht)|rangú]] an tíogair mar a bhí in 2005<ref name=MSW3/> agus tugann siad rangú 2017 an Tascfhórsa Catrangaithe le fios chomh maith.<ref name=catsg/>{{clear}} {| class="wikitable" |+ style="text-align: centre;" | ''Panthera tigris tigris'' {{small|(Linnaeus, 1758)}}<ref name=Linn1758/> ! Pobal !! Cur síos !! Íomhá |- style="vertical-align: top;" | [[Tíogar Bheangál]] {{small|ainm déthéarmach ''P. t. tigris'' (von Linné, 1758)}}<ref name="Linn1758" /> | | Cuireann an pobal seo faoi ar [[fo-ilchríoch na hIndia|fho-ilchríoch na hIndia]].<ref name="Jackson1996">{{Luaigh foilseachán|author=Nowell, K. & Jackson, P.|date=1996|url=https://portals.iucn.org/library/sites/library/files/documents/1996-008.pdf#page=80|title="Tiger, Panthera tigris (Linnaeus, 1758)" (PDF).|volume=|pages=lgh. 55-65|publisher=IUCN. ISBN 2-8317-0045-0|location=Gland, Switzerland|journal=Wild Cats: Status Survey and Conservation Action Plan}}</ref> Tá fionnadh níos giorra ar an tíogar Bheangál ná mar atá orthu níos faide ó thuaidh<ref name=":2">{{Luaigh foilseachán|author=Pocock, R. I.|date=1939|url=https://archive.org/stream/PocockMammalia1/pocock1#page/n247/mode/2up|title="Panthera tigris"|journal=The Fauna of British India, Including Ceylon and Burma. Vol. Mammalia|volume=Vol. 1|pages=lgh. 197–210|publisher=T. Taylor and Francis, Ltd|location=Londain}}</ref>, le dath idir [[ciarbhuí]] agus cróchdhearg air<ref name=":2" /><ref>{{cite report|title=Indian National Studbook of the Bengal Tiger (''Panthera tigris tigris'') |publisher=Central Zoo Authority, Wildlife Institute of India |date=2011 |url=https://cza.nic.in/uploads/documents/studbooks/english/Bengal%20Tiger%20Studbook%202011.pdf |last1=Srivastav|first1=A. |last2=Malviya |first2=M. |last3=Tyagi |first3=P. C.|last4=Nigam |first4=P. |name-list-style=amp |access-date=27 May 2024}}</ref> agus polláirí atá measartha fada agus caol.<ref name="Mazák2010"/> | |[[File:Adult male Royal Bengal tiger.jpg|frameless]] |- style="vertical-align: top;" | [[Extinction|†]] [[Tíogar Caispeach]] {{small|ainm déthéarmach ''P. t. virgata'' ([[Johann Karl Wilhelm Illiger|Illiger]], 1815)}}<ref name="Illiger">{{Luaigh foilseachán|author=Illiger, K.|date=1815|title=Überblick der Säugethiere nach ihrer Verteilung über die Welttheile|journal=Abhandlungen der Königlichen Preußischen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin 1804–1811|pages=lgh. 39-159|publisher=Realschul-Buchhandlung|location=Berlin|url=https://bibliothek.bbaw.de/digitalisierte-sammlungen/akademieschriften/ansicht-akademieschriften?tx_bbaw_academicpublicationshow%5Baction%5D=show&tx_bbaw_academicpublicationshow%5Bcontroller%5D=AcademicPublication%5CVolume&tx_bbaw_academicpublicationshow%5Bpage%5D=195&tx_bbaw_academicpublicationshow%5Bvolume%5D=85&cHash=f015ec3f9a13240a9559ebdcb88aafa4}}</ref> | |Bhíodh an pobal seo ag cur faoi ón Túirc go dtí an [[Muir Chaisp|Mhuir Chaisp]].<ref name=Jackson1996/> Bhí fionnadh geal meirgeach rua air le stríoca tanaí a bhí an-ghar dá gcéile<ref>{{Harvnb|Sludskii|1992}}, lch. 137.</ref> agus [[cnámh cúlphlaice]] leathan.<ref name=Kitchener1999/> Nocht anailís ghéiniteach gur garghaol leis an tíogar Amúrach a bhí ann.<ref name="Driscoll2009">{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Mitochondrial Phylogeography Illuminates the Origin of the Extinct Caspian Tiger and Its Relationship to the Amur Tiger|url=https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0004125|journal=PLOS ONE|date=14 Ean 2009|issn=1932-6203|pmc=2624500|pmid=19142238|pages=e4125|volume=4|issue=1|doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0004125|language=en|author=Driscoll, C. A.; Yamaguchi, N.; Bar-Gal, G. K.; Roca, A. L.; Luo, S.; MacDonald, D. W. & O'Brien, S. J.}}</ref> Tá pobal an tíogair seo díothaithe ó bhí na 1970idí ann.<ref name=Seidensticker1999/> | |[[File:Panthera tigris virgata.jpg|frameless]] |- style="vertical-align: top;" | [[Tíogar Amúrach]] {{small|ainm déthéarmach ''P. t. altaica'' ([[Coenraad Jacob Temminck|Temminck]], 1844)}}<ref name="Temminck">{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Aperçu général et spécifique sur les Mammifères qui habitent le Japon et les Iles qui en dépendent|url=https://archive.org/details/faunajaponicasi00sieb/page/43|publisher=Lugduni Batavorum : Apud Auctorem|date=1844|coauthors=In Siebold, P. F. v.; Temminck, C. J.; Schlegel, H. (eag.).; Museum of Comparative Zoology Harvard University|author=Siebold, P. F. v.; Haan, W. de.; Temminck, C. J.; Schlegel, H.|journal=Fauna japonica, sive, Descriptio animalium, quae in itinere per Japoniam, jussu et auspiciis, superiorum, qui summum in India Batava imperium tenent, suscepto, annis 1823-1830|location=Leiden}}</ref> | |Tá cónaí ar an phobal seo tíogar i [[Cianoirthear na Rúise|gCianoirthear na Rúise]], in [[Oirthuaisceart na Síne]] agus b'fhéidir sa [[An Chóiré Thuaidh|Chóiré Thuaidh]].<ref name=Jackson1996/> Tá gruaig fhada agus fionnadh tiubh ar an tíogar Amúrach.<ref name=Temminck/> Athraíonn a dhath talún ó [[ócar]]-buí sa gheimhreadh go dath atá níos rua agus níos beoga tar éis dó a fhionnadh a chur.<ref>{{Harvnb|Sludskii|1992}}, lch. 131.</ref> Tá an blaosc níos giorra agus níos leithne ná blaoscanna na dtíogar ó dheas.<ref name="Mazák2010">{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Craniometric variation in the tiger (Panthera tigris): Implications for patterns of diversity, taxonomy and conservation|url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1616504708000621|journal=Mammalian Biology|date=2010-01-01|issn=1616-5047|pages=45–68|volume=75|issue=1|doi=10.1016/j.mambio.2008.06.003|author=Ji H. Mazák}}</ref> | |[[File:P.t.altaica Tomak Male.jpg|frameless]] |- style="vertical-align: top;" | [[Tíogar na Síne Theas]] {{small|ainm déthéarmach ''P. t. amoyensis'' ([[Max Hilzheimer|Hilzheimer]], 1905)}}<ref name=Hilzheimer>{{cite journal |last=Hilzheimer |first=M. |date=1905 |title=Über einige Tigerschädel aus der Straßburger zoologischen Sammlung |journal=Zoologischer Anzeiger |volume=28 |pages=594–599 |url=https://archive.org/details/zoologischeranze28deut/page/596}}</ref> | |Bhí an tíogar seo le fáil ó dheas i lár na Síne.<ref name=Jackson1996/> Bhí blaoscanna ag an chúig [[Eiseamláir an chineáil|eiseamláir cineáil]] a raibh fiacla [[Fiacla carnasacha|carnasacha]] agus [[cúlfhiacail]] níos giorra acu ná tíogair ón India, cráiniam níos lú, [[logall súile]] a luigh níos gaire dá gcéile le [[Starr iar-logall súile|stairr iar-logall súile]] níos mó; bhíodh a chraicinn sách buí le stríoca a bhí cosúil le [[rombas]].<ref name=Hilzheimer/> Tá [[haplaitíopa]] mtADN faoi leith aige de bharr a phóraithe le seanghinealaigh tíogar.<ref name=catsg/><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":4">{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=An extinct and deeply divergent tiger lineage from northeastern China recognized through palaeogenomics|url=https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9326283/|journal=Proceedings. Biological Sciences|date=2022-07-27|issn=1471-2954|pmc=9326283|pmid=35892215|pages=20220617|volume=289|issue=1979|doi=10.1098/rspb.2022.0617|author=Jiaming Hu, Michael V. Westbury, Junxia Yuan, Chunxue Wang, Bo Xiao, Shungang Chen, Shiwen Song, Linying Wang, Haifeng Lin, Xulong Lai, Guilian Sheng}}</ref> Tá sé díothaithe san fhiántas mar nach bhfacthas go hoifigiúil ó bhí na 1970idí ann,<ref name=":3" /> agus ní mhaireann sé ach i ngéibheann anois.<ref name=Wang2023/> | |[[File:2012 Suedchinesischer Tiger.JPG|frameless]] |- style="vertical-align: top;" | [[Tíogar Ind-Síneach]] {{small|ainm déthéarmach ''P. t. corbetti'' ([[Vratislav Mazák|Mazák]], 1968)}}<ref name="Mazak1968">{{cite journal |last=Mazák|first=V.|date=1968|title=Nouvelle sous-espèce de tigre provenant de l'Asie du sud-est|journal=Mammalia|volume=32|issue=1|pages=104–112|doi=10.1515/mamm.1968.32.1.104}}</ref> | |Faightear pobal an tíogair seo ar an [[Leithinis Ind-Síneach]].<ref name=Jackson1996/> Tá cráiniam níos lú ná ceann an tíogair Bheangál ag eiseamláir an tíogair Ind-Sínigh agus is cosúil go bhfuil fionnadh níos dorcha le stríoca níos tanaí orthu.<ref name=Mazak1968/><ref name="mazak06">{{cite journal|last1=Mazák|first1=J. H.|last2=Groves|first2=C. P.|name-list-style=amp|date=2006|title=A taxonomic revision of the tigers (''Panthera tigris'') of Southeast Asia|journal=Mammalian Biology|volume=71|issue=5|pages=268–287|doi=10.1016/j.mambio.2006.02.007|bibcode=2006MamBi..71..268M|url=http://www.dl.edi-info.ir/A%20taxonomic%20revision%20of%20the%20tigers%20of%20Southeast%20Asia.pdf|access-date=15 January 2024|archive-date=31 May 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230531133543/http://www.dl.edi-info.ir/A%20taxonomic%20revision%20of%20the%20tigers%20of%20Southeast%20Asia.pdf|url-status=live|author=Mazák, J. H. & Groves, C. P.}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230531133543/http://www.dl.edi-info.ir/A%20taxonomic%20revision%20of%20the%20tigers%20of%20Southeast%20Asia.pdf |date=31 Bealtaine 2023 }}</ref> | |[[File:Panthera tigris corbetti (Tierpark Berlin) 832-714-(118).jpg|frameless]] |- style="vertical-align: top;" | [[Tíogar Malaech]] {{small|ainm déthéarmach ''P. t. jacksoni'' (Luo et al., 2004)}}<ref name="Luo04">{{cite journal |date=2004|title=Phylogeography and genetic ancestry of tigers (''Panthera tigris'')|journal=[[PLOS Biology]]|volume=2|issue=12|pmid=15583716|pmc=534810|doi=10.1371/journal.pbio.0020442|author=Luo, S.-J.; Kim, J.-H.; Johnson, W. E.; van der Walt, J.; Martenson, J.; Yuhki, N.; Miquelle, D. G.; Uphyrkina, O.; Goodrich, J. M.; Quigley, H. B.; Tilson, R.; Brady, G.; Martelli, P.; Subramaniam, V.; McDougal, C.; Hean, S.; Huang, S.-Q.; Pan, W.; Karanth, U. K.; Sunquist, M.; Smith, J. L. D. & O'Brien, S. J.|pages=e442}}</ref> | |Moladh an tíogar Malaech mar fhospeiceas faoi leith bunaithe ar dhifríocht idir a mtADN agus a mhionsheichimh satailíte agus iad an tíogair Ind-Sínigh.<ref name=Luo04/> Níl difríocht rómhór idir dath a fhionnaidh ná méid a bhlaoisc agus iad an tíogair Ind-Sínigh ach an oiread.<ref name=mazak06/> Níl aon teorainn shoiléir idir phobail tíogar i dtuaisceart na [[An Mhalaeis|Malaeise]] agus deisceart na [[An Téalainn|Téalainne]].<ref name=":3" /> | |[[File:2012-09-15 Tierpark Berlin 26 (cropped).jpg|frameless]] |} {| class="wikitable" |+ style="text-align: centre;" | ''Panthera tigris sondaica'' {{small|(Temminck, 1844)}}<ref name=catsg/> ! Pobal !! Cur síos !! Íomhá |- style="vertical-align: top;" | †[[Tíogar Iávach]] {{small|ainm déthéarmach ''P. t. sondaica'' (Temminck, 1944)}}<ref name=Temminck/> | |Rinneadh cur síos ar an tíogar seo bunaithe ar líon seithí anaithnid a raibh gruaig ghearr mhín orthu.<ref name=Temminck/> Bhí na tíogair de bhunadh [[Iáva]] measartha beag i gcomparáid le tíogair na mórthíre Áisí, bhí blaoscanna sách fada acu i gcomparáid leis an tíogar Shumatrach agus bhí stríoca níos faide, níos tanaí agus níos iomadúla acu.<ref name=mazak06/> Meastar go bhfuil pobal an tíogair Iávaigh díothaithe ó bhí na 1980idí ann. <ref name=Seidensticker1999/> | |[[File:COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM Een groep mannen en kinderen poseert bij een pas geschoten tijger te Malingping in Bantam West-Java TMnr 10006636.jpg|frameless]] |- style="vertical-align: top;" | †[[Tíogar Bailí]] {{small|ainm déthéarmach ''P. t. balica'' ([[Ernst Schwarz (zoologist)|Schwarz]], 1912)}}<ref name=Schwarz>{{cite journal |last=Schwarz |first=E. |date=1912 |title=Notes on Malay tigers, with description of a new form from Bali |journal=Annals and Magazine of Natural History |pages=324–326 |series=8 |volume=10 |issue=57 |doi=10.1080/00222931208693243 |url=https://archive.org/stream/annalsmagazineof8101912lond#page/324/mode/2up}}</ref> | | Bhíodh an tíogar seo le fáil ar [[Bailí|Bhailí]] agus bhí fionnadh níos gile air agus blaosc níos lú aige ná mar a bhí ag an tíogar Iávach.<ref name=Schwarz/><ref name="der-tiger">{{cite book |author=Mazak, V.|year=2004|title=''Der Tiger''|publisher=Westarp Wissenschaften Hohenwarsleben|location=Madgeburg|isbn=978-3-89432-759-0|language=de}}</ref> Gné tipicúil de bhlaoisc an tíogair Bhailí ná an cnámh cúlphlaice caol atá cosúil le blaosc an tíogar Iávach.<ref>{{cite journal |date=1978|title=Skin and Skull of the Bali Tiger, and a list of preserved specimens of ''Panthera tigris balica'' (Schwarz, 1912)|journal=[[Zeitschrift für Säugetierkunde]]|volume=43|issue=2|pages=108–113|author=Mazák, V.; Groves, C. P. & Van Bree, P.}}</ref> Tá an pobal seo díothaithe ó bhí na 1940idí ann.<ref name="Seidensticker1999">{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Riding the tiger : tiger conservation in human-dominated landscapes|url=http://archive.org/details/ridingtigertiger00unse|publisher=[London] : Zoological Society of London; Cambridge [England]; New York : Cambridge University Press|date=1999|coauthors=Better World Books|author=Seidensticker, J.; Christie, S. & Jackson, P.|pages=lgh. xv-xx}}</ref> | |[[File:Bali tiger zanveld.jpg|frameless]] |- style="vertical-align: top;" | [[Tíogar Sumatrach]] {{small|ainm déthéarmach ''P. t. sumatrae'' ([[Reginald Innes Pocock|Pocock]], 1929)}}<ref name=Pocock1929>{{cite journal |last=Pocock |first=R. I. |date=1929 |title=Tigers |journal=[[Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society]] |volume=33 |pages=505–541 |url=https://archive.org/details/journalofbomb33341929bomb/page/n185}}</ref> | Bhí fionnadh dorcha ar an chéad eiseamlár den tíogar seo arb as [[Sumatra]] dó.<ref name=Pocock1929/> Tá gruaig sách fada um aghaidh an tíogair Shumatraigh<ref name=Jackson1996/> agus tá stríoca tiubha coirp chomh maith le [[cnámh sróine]] níos leithne agus níos lú aige ná mar atá ag na tíogair oileáin eile.<ref name=mazak06/> | |[[File:Panthera tigris sumatrae (Sumatran Tiger) close-up.jpg|frameless]] |} === Éabhlóid === {{Cladogram|{{clade |label1=''[[Panthera]]'' |1={{clade |1={{clade |1=[[Liopard sneachta]] [[File:Schneeleoparden (Panthera uncia) Zoo Salzburg 2014 f white background.jpg|70px]] |2='''Tíogar''' [[File:Tigress in Bandhavgarh NP white background.jpg|70px]] }} |2={{clade |1=[[Iaguar]] [[File:Jaguar (Panthera onca palustris) male Three Brothers River white background.JPG|70px]] |label2=&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |2={{clade |1=[[Liopard]] [[File:Flickr - Rainbirder - Sassy Lassy white background.jpg|70px]] |2=[[Leon]] [[File:Panthera leo -Ngorongoro, Tanzania-8b white background.jpg|70px]] }} }} }} }}|align=right|caption=Fíligineacht an ghéinis ''Panthera'' bunaithe ar staidéar [[ADN núicléach]] ó 2016<ref name=Li_al2016>{{cite journal |date=2016 |title=Phylogenomic evidence for ancient hybridization in the genomes of living cats (Felidae) |journal=Genome Research |volume=26 |issue=1 |pages=1–11 |doi=10.1101/gr.186668.114 |pmid=26518481 |pmc=4691742|author=Li, G.; Davis, B. W.; Eizirik, E.; Murphy, W. J.}}</ref>}}Roinneann an tíogar an géineas ''Panthera'' leis an [[leon]], an [[liopard]], an [[iaguar]] agus an [[liopard sneachta]]. Léiríonn torthaí anailísí ginideacha gur [[comhspeiceas]] iad an tíogar agus an liopard sneachta agus gur scar a [[Ginealach|nginealaigh]] óna gcéile idir 2.70 agus 3.70 milliún bliain ó shin.<ref>{{cite journal |title=Supermatrix and species tree methods resolve phylogenetic relationships within the big cats, ''Panthera'' (Carnivora: Felidae)|url=https://archive.org/details/molecular-phylogenetics-and-evolution_2010-07_56_1/page/68|journal=Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution|year=2010|volume=56|issue=1|pages=64–76|pmid=20138224|doi=10.1016/j.ympev.2010.01.036|bibcode=2010MolPE..56...64D|author=Davis, B. W.; Li, G. & Murphy, W. J.}}</ref> Léiríonn seicheamhú géinte iomláin an tíogair [[Athsheicheamh|athsheichimh]] atá ar chomhthreomhar leo i ngéanóm na gcat eile.<ref>{{Cite journal |title=The tiger genome and comparative analysis with lion and snow leopard genomes|doi=10.1038/ncomms3433|pmid=24045858|pmc=3778509|journal=Nature Communications|volume=4|year=2013|bibcode=2013NatCo...4.2433C|author=Cho, Y. S.; Hu, L.; Hou, H.; Lee, H.; Xu, J.; Kwon, S.; Oh, S.; Kim, H. M.; Jho, S.; Kim, S.; Shin, Y. A.; Kim, B. C.; Kim, H.; Kim, C. U.; Luo, S. J.; Johnson, W. E.; Koepfli, K. P.; Schmidt-Küntzel, A.; Turner, J. A.; Marker, L.; Harper, C.; Miller, S. M.; Jacobs, W.; Bertola, L. D.; Kim, T. H.; Lee, S.; Zhou, Q.; Jung, H. J.; Xu, X. & Gadhvi, P.|pages=2443}}</ref> Rinneadh cur síos ar an speiceas iontaiseach ''[[Panthera palaeosinensis]]'' ón [[Pléisticéineach|Phléisticéineach]] luath i dtuaisceart na Síne mar shinsear féideartha tíogair nuair a aimsíodh é in 1924 ach creideann cláidistíocht an lae inniu go [[Bonnach (fíliginiteach)|bonnspeiceas]] é i gcomparáid le ''Panthera'' na linne seo.<ref name="Mazák">{{cite journal |year=2011|title=Oldest Known Pantherine Skull and Evolution of the Tiger|journal=PLOS ONE|volume=6|issue=10|doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0025483|pmid=22016768|bibcode=2011PLoSO...625483M|pmc=3189913|author=Mazák, J. H.; Christiansen, P. & Kitchener, A. C.|pages=25483}}</ref><ref name="Tseng">{{cite journal |date=2014|title=Himalayan fossils of the oldest known pantherine establish ancient origin of big cats|journal=Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences|volume=281|issue=1774|doi=10.1098/rspb.2013.2686|pmid=24225466|pmc=3843846|author=Tseng, Z. J.; Wang, X.; Slater, G. J.; Takeuchi, G. T.; Li, Q.; Liu, J. & Xie, G.}}</ref> Bhí ''[[Panthera zdanskyi]]'' ina chónaí ann thart ar an am agus an áit chéanna agus moladh gur comhspeiceas leis an tíogar reatha a bhí ann nuair a imscrúdaíodh é sa bhliain 2014.<ref name=Mazák/> Ó 2023 ar aghaidh, áfach, meastar gur comhchiallach é ''P. palaeosinensis'' de ''P. zdanskyi'' in dhá staidéar a rinneadh ina dhiaidh sin nuair a thug siad faoi deara go luíonn na difríochtaí atá aige ón speiceas sin laistigh de réimse na n-éagsúlachtaí indibhidiúla.<ref>{{cite journal |title=The identity of the "lion", ''Panthera principialis'' sp. nov., from the Pliocene Tanzanian site of Laetoli and its significance for molecular dating the pantherine phylogeny, with remarks on Panthera shawi (Broom, 1948), and a revision of Puma incurva (Ewer, 1956), the Early Pleistocene Swartkrans "leopard" (Carnivora, Felidae)|url=|journal=Palaeobiodiversity and Palaeoenvironments|year=2023|volume=103|issue=2|pages=465–487|doi=10.1007/s12549-022-00542-2|bibcode=2023PdPe..103..465H|author=Hemmer, Helmut}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|doi=10.1080/08912963.2022.2034808|title=Discovery of jaguar from northeastern China middle Pleistocene reveals an intercontinental dispersal event|date=2023|journal=Historical Biology|volume=35|issue=3|pages=293–302|bibcode=2023HBio...35..293J|author=Jiangzuo, Q.; Wang, Y.; Ge, J.; Liu, S.; Song, Y.; Jin, C.; Jiang, H. & Liu, J.}}</ref> Is iad blúirí géill a aimsíodh in [[Lantian County|Lantion]] na Síne an nochtadh is luaithe den tíogar reatha sa taifead iontaiseach a théann siar go dtí an Pléisticéineach luath.<ref name=Mazák/> Aimsíodh iontaisí tíogair ón Mheán- go dtí an Luathphléisticéineach fud fad na Síne, Iáva agus Sumatra. I measc na bhfospeiceas réamhstairiúil tá ''[[Panthera tigris trinilensis]]'' agus ''[[Panthera tigris soloensis|P. t. soloensis]]'' de bhunadh Iáva agus Sumatra agus ''[[Panthera tigris acutidens|P. t. acutidens]]'' de bhunadh na Síne; fuarthas iontaisí tíogair ón Phléisticéineach dhéanach agus ón [[An Sealad Holaicéineach|Luathholaicéineach]] i [[Boirneo|mBoirneo]] agus [[Palawan]] na [[Na hOileáin Fhilipíneacha|nOileán Filipíneach]].<ref name="Kitchener2009">Kitchener, A. & Yamaguchi, N. (2009). "What is a Tiger? Biogeography, Morphology, and Taxonomy" in {{harvnb|Tilson|Nyhus|2010|pp=|lgh=}}, lgh. 53–84</ref> Tuairiscítear go bhfuil samplaí den tíogar ón Phléisticéineach Mheán-dheánach a fuarthas sa [[An tSeapáin|tSeapáin]].<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=The Japanese Archipelago sheltered cave lions, not tigers, during the Late Pleistocene|url=https://pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.2523901123|journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences|date=2026-02-10|issn=0027-8424|pmc=12890994|pmid=41587328|volume=123|issue=6|doi=10.1073/pnas.2523901123|language=en|author=Xin Sun, Lanhui Peng, Takumi Tsutaya, Qigao Jiangzuo, Yoshikazu Hasegawa, Yuxin Hou, Yu Han, Yan Zhuang, Nuno Filipe Gomes Martins, Jazmin Ramos Madrigal, Alberto J. Taurozzi, Meaghan Mackie, Gaudry Trochė, Jesper V. Olsen, Enrico Cappellini, Stephen J. O’Brien, M. Thomas P. Gilbert, Nobuyuki Yamaguchi, Shu-Jin Luo}}</ref> Léiríonn torthaí staidéar [[fíleathíreolaíoch]] go bhfuil comhshinsear ag chuile speiceas tíogar beo a bhí beo idir 108,000 agus 72,000 bliain ó shin.<ref name="Luo04" /> Tugann staidéar géinte le fios gur chrap pobal an tíogair thart ar 115,000 bliain ó shin de bharr oighrithe. Síolraíonn pobal reatha na dtíogar ó [[Díseart|dhíseart]] a bhí san Ind-sín agus a leath ar fud na háise tar éis na [[An uasmhéid oighrithe deireanach|huasmhéide oighrithe deireanaí]]. De réir mar a chóilínigh siad oirthuaisceart na Síne, mheasc sinsir an tíogair Ind-sínigh le pobal iarmharach tíogar.<ref name=":4" /><ref name=":1" /> === Hibridí === ''Tuilleadh Eolais: [[Hibridí Feilideacha]] agus [[hibridí Panthera]]'' Is féidir le tíogair idirphórú le cait ''Panthera'' eile agus is amhlaidh atá déanta acu i ngéibheann. Is é an [[leogar]] toradh phóraithe an tíogair bhaininn agus an leoin fhirinn agus is é an [[tígleon]] toradh phóraithe an tíogair fhirinn agus an leoin bhaininn.<ref name="Gabryś">{{cite journal |year=|title=Interspecific hybrids of animals-in nature, breeding and science–a review|journal=Annals of Animal Science|volume=21|issue=2|pages=403–415|doi=10.2478/aoas-2020-0082|author=Gabryś, J.; Kij, B.; Kochan, J. & Bugno-Poniewierska, M.|date=2021|url=https://doi.org/10.2478%2Faoas-2020-0082}}</ref> Cuireann an t-athair leoin géin chur chun cinn an fháis ar aghaidh ach tá géin chomhfhreagrach srianta an fháis ón tíogar bhaineann in easnamh sa mhéad is go bhfásann leogair i bhfad níos mó ná ceachtar de speicis na dtuismitheoirí. Ní chuireann an tíogar fireann géin chur chun cinn an fháis ar aghaidh os a choinne sin cé go gcuireann an leon baineann géin srianta an fháis ar aghaidh; mar sin, bíonn tígleoin thart ar chomh mhéid lena dtuismitheoirí.<ref name="imprinting">{{Lua idirlín|teideal=Genomic Imprinting|url=https://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/epigenetics/imprinting/|dátarochtana=2025-12-01|language=en|foilsitheoir=Genetic Science Learning Center, Utah}}</ref> Toisc gur minic a fhorbraíonn siad éalanga ón bhroinn a mbaineann baol báis leo, glactar le pórú na hibridí mar nós neamheiticiúil.<ref name="Gabryś" /> == Cur síos == [[File:TigerSkelLyd1.png|thumb|left|Creatlach tíogair ó Royal Natural History Imleabhar 1 (1839)|alt=Drawing of tiger skeleton]] Tá morfeolaíocht fheilíneach thipiciúil ag an tíogar a bhfuil corp matánach, cosa giorraithe, géaga tosaigh láidre, lapaí tosaigh leathana, ceann mór agus eireaball atá thart ar leathfhad an choirp eile i bhfad aige.<ref name=":8">{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Panthera tigris|url=https://academic.oup.com/mspecies/article-lookup/doi/10.2307/3504004|journal=Mammalian Species|date=1981|pages=1-8|issue=152|doi=10.2307/3504004|author=Mazák, V.|bibcode=https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1981MamSp.152....1M|id=https://www.jstor.org/stable/3504004}}</ref>{{sfn|Sludskii|1992|p=98}} Tá cúig mhéar aige, [[drúchtchrobh]] ina measc sin, ar na cosa chun tosaigh agus ceithre cinn ar na cosa deiridh, a bhfuil crobha in-aistarraingthe atá fáiscthe agus cuartha ar féidir leo a bheith 10 cm i bhfad aige.<ref name=":8" />{{sfn|Thapar|2004|p=26}} Tá a chuid cluasa cruinn agus tá mac imrisc cruinn ar na súile.<ref name=":8" /> Críochnaíonn an smut i mbarr triantánach a bhfuil poncanna dubha beaga air dá mhéadaíonn a líon agus an tíogar ag dul in aois.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Combination of facial and nose features of Amur tigers to determine age|url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/1749-4877.12817|journal=Integrative Zoology|date=2025-01|issn=1749-4877|pages=186–198|volume=20|issue=1|doi=10.1111/1749-4877.12817|language=en|author=Caiping Zhao, Wenrui Dai, Qiang Liu, Dongqi Liu, Nathan James Roberts, Zhaoli Liu, Ming Gong, Hongkun Qiu, Changhai Liu, Dan Liu, Guangkai Ma, Guangshun Jiang}}</ref> Tá blaosc an tíogair scafánta le réigiún tosaigh teoranta le [[Logall súile|logaill súile]] éilipseacha atá beag go comhréireach, [[Cnámh sróine|cnámha sróine]] fada agus cráiniam fadaithe le [[moing saighdeach]] mór.{{sfn|Sludskii|1992|p=103}}<ref name=":8" /> Tá sé cosúil le blaosc an leoin ach tá difríocht ann idir an dá bhlaosc de bharr íochtar cuasach nó leacaithe an ghéill íochtair agus an tsrón atá níos faide.{{sfn|Sludskii|1992|p=103}}<ref name=":8" /> Tá thart ar 30 fiacail atá sách scafánta ag an tíogar agus tá a [[Starrfhiacail|starrfhiacla]] cuartha ar na cinn is faide i measc na gcat agus iad 6.4-7.6 cm (2.5-3.0 or).<ref name=":8" />{{sfn|Thapar|2004|p=25}} Tá fad cheann-choirp an tíogair idir 1.4-2.8 m (4 tr 7 or - 9 tr 2 or) le heireaball atá 0.6-1.1 m (2 tr 0 or - 3 tr 7 or) agus seasann sé 0.8-1.1 m (2 tr 7 or - 3 tr 7 or) ag an ghualainn.<ref name="Walker">{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Panthera tigris (tiger)|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=T37sFCl43E8C&pg=PA825|publisher=Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press|date=1999-07-29|language=en|author=Novak, R. M. & Walker, E. P|journal=Walker's Mammals of the World|issue=6|pages=825-828}}</ref> Is mó an tíogar Bheangál agus an tíogar Sumatrach de na speicis éagsúla.<ref name=":8" /> Meánn tíogair Bheangál fhireannacha idir 200-260 kg (440-570 lb), agus meánn na baineannaigh idir 100-160 kg (220-250 lb); is lú na tiogair oileánacha de na speicis éagsúla, is cosúil gur de bharr [[abhcacht oileánach]] atá sé.<ref name="Kitchener1999" /> Meánn tiogair Shumatracha fhireannacha idir 100-140 kg (220-310 lb) agus meánn na baineannaigh idir 75-110 kg (165-243 lb).<ref name=":9">Sunquist, M. (2010). "What is a Tiger? Ecology and Behaviour" in {{Harvnb|Tilson|Nyhus|2010|lgh=19/34}}, lgh. 19−34</ref> Meastar gurb é an tíogar an speiceas féilíneach beo is mó ar domhan; ach toisc go bhfuil difríocht mhór méide agus meáchain idir na pobail tíogar éagsúla, is féidir gur lú meánmheáchan an tíogair ná é an leoin, a fhad agus a bhíonn na tíogair is mo níos mó ná na leoin chosúla.<ref name="Kitchener2009" /> === Fionnadh === [[Íomhá:Tiger_Stripes_(29808869755).jpg|alt=Close up of a tiger's fur|mion|Fionnadh an tíogair Amúraigh ar a chliathán (taobh)]] Bíonn ribí gruaige gearra ar fhionnadh an tíogair de ghnáth, ar féidir a bheith chomh fada le 35 mm (1.4 or), ach is féidir le ribí gruaige an tíogair Amúraigh tuaisceart-chónaithigh fad de 105 mm (4.1 or) a shroicheadh. De ghnáth, is faide ribí gruaige an bhoilg ná iad na droma. Bíonn dlús a bhfionnaidh tanaí de ghnáth ach forbraíonn an tíogar Amúrach fionnadh geimhridh atá sách tiubh. Tá línte fionnaidh um aghaidh an tíogair agus guairí fada orthu, na fireannaigh ach go háirithe.<ref name=":8" /> Tá [[Dath ainmhithe|dath]] oráiste air a athraíonn ó scothbhuí go ruánach.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Tiger: the ultimate guide|publisher=CDS books in association with Two brothers press|date=2004|location=New York|author=Valmik Thapar|url=https://archive.org/details/tigerultimategui0000thap/mode/2up}}</ref> Clúdaíonn fionnadh bán an t-íochtar ó cheann go heireaball, thar dromchla istigh na gcos agus codanna den aghaidh.<ref name=":8" /><ref name=":6">{{Harvnb|Sludskii|1992|lgh=99-102}}, lgh. 99-102.</ref> Tá spota bán feiceálach ar chúl na gcluasa atá timpeallaithe le fionnadh dubh.<ref name=":8" /> Marcáiltear an tíogar le stríoca dubha nó dubhdhonna agus bíonn pátrún faoi leith ag chuile thíogar.<ref name=":8" /><ref name=":7">Miquelle, D. "Tiger" in {{Harvnb|MacDonald|2001}}, lgh. 18-21</ref> Bíonn na stríoca ingearach den chuid is mó ach amháin na cinn ar na géaga agus ar an chlár éadain a bhíonn cothrománach. Tá an chuid is mó díobh le feiceáil ar cúl agus is féidir leo ar an cholainn íochtar an bhoilg a shroicheadh. Go hiondúil, bíonn barr géar ar na stríoca agus is féidir leo scaradh óna chéile nó teacht le chéile arís eile. Is bandaí tiubha iad na stríoca eireabaill agus barrtar a dheireadh le dubh.<ref name=":6" /> Tá an tíogar ar cheann den bheagán speiceas cait a bhfuil stríoca orthu.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Why the leopard got its spots: relating pattern development to ecology in felids|url=https://royalsocietypublishing.org/rspb/article/278/1710/1373/73541/Why-the-leopard-got-its-spots-relating-pattern|journal=Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences|date=2011-05-07|issn=0962-8452|pmc=3061134|pmid=20961899|pages=1373–1380|volume=278|issue=1710|doi=10.1098/rspb.2010.1734|language=en|author=William L. Allen, Innes C. Cuthill, Nicholas E. Scott-Samuel, Roland Baddeley}}</ref> Tá stríoca ina mbuntáiste don [[Duaithníocht|nduaithníocht]] i bhfásra a bhfuil pátrúin ingearacha solais agus scátha iontu cosúil le crainnte, giolcaigh agus féir arda.<ref name=":7" /><ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=The Adaptive Significance of Coloration in Mammals|url=https://academic.oup.com/bioscience/article/55/2/125-136/221478|journal=BioScience|date=2005|issn=0006-3568|pages=125-136|volume=55|issue=2|doi=10.1641/0006-3568(2005)055[0125:TASOCI]2.0.CO;2|language=en|author=Tim Caro}}</ref> Tacaíonn staidéar [[anailís Fourier]] a léirigh go n-aontaíonn pátrúin stríoca na dtíogar lena dtimpeallacht leis an teoiric seo.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Zebra stripes and tiger stripes: the spatial frequency distribution of the pattern compared to that of the background is significant in display and crypsis|url=https://academic.oup.com/biolinnean/article-lookup/doi/10.1111/j.1095-8312.1987.tb00442.x|journal=Biological Journal of the Linnean Society|date=1987-12|pages=427–433|volume=32|issue=4|doi=10.1111/j.1095-8312.1987.tb00442.x|language=en|author=D. Godfrey, J. N. Lythgoe, D. A. Rumball}}</ref> Is féidir go gcabhraíonn a ndathú oráiste leo iad a cheilt fosta mar tá creach an tíogair [[Dathdhaille|dathdhall]], rud a chiallaíonn nach bhfeictear an tíogar ach mar rud glas eile laistigh den fhásra. <ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Optimizing colour for camouflage and visibility using deep learning: the effects of the environment and the observer's visual system|url=https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rsif.2019.0183|journal=Journal of The Royal Society Interface|date=2019-05|issn=1742-5689|pages=20190183|volume=16|issue=154|doi=10.1098/rsif.2019.0183|language=en|author=J. G. Fennell, L. Talas, R. J. Baddeley, I. C. Cuthill, N. E. Scott-Samuel}}</ref> ==== Éagsúlacht datha ==== [[Íomhá:White_tiger_Nandankanan.jpeg|alt=White tiger with thickened stripes lying down|mion|[[Tíogar bán]] bréag-mhéilineach]] Níl a leithéid de thrí [[Bithathraitheach datha|bhithathraitheach datha]] an tíogair Bheangál – sneachta-bhán an-neamhstríocach, bán agus órga – le fáil san fhiántas sa lá atá inniu ann mar gheall ar laghdú na bpobal fiáin tíogar ach faightear i bpobail i ngéibheann iad fós. Tá dath cúlra bán le stríoca [[séipia]]<nowiki/>dhonna ar an [[Tíogar bán|tíogar bhán]]. Tá dath bán-órga le stríoca ruadhonna ar an [[tíogar órga]]. Is morf le stríoca an-éadroma agus eireaball séipiadhonn-fháinneach é an tíogar sneachta-bhán. Is de thoradh [[tréith chúlaitheach uathshómach]] le [[Lócas (géinitic)|lócas]] bán agus lócas [[Géinitic fhionnaidh chait|leathanbhanda]] iad na morfaí bána agus órga faoi seach. Is de thoradh [[Polaigéin|polaigéinte]] le lócais bhána agus leathanbhanda é an bithathraitheach sneachta-bhán.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=The genetics of tiger pelage color variations|url=https://www.nature.com/articles/cr201732|journal=Cell Research|date=2017-07|issn=1001-0602|pmc=5518981|pmid=28281538|pages=954–957|volume=27|issue=7|doi=10.1038/cr.2017.32|language=en|author=Xiao Xu, Gui-Xin Dong, Anne Schmidt-Küntzel, Xue-Li Zhang, Yan Zhuang, Run Fang, Xin Sun, Xue-Song Hu, Tian-You Zhang, Han-Dong Yang, De-Lu Zhang, Laurie Marker, Zheng-Fan Jiang, Ruiqiang Li, Shu-Jin Luo}}</ref> Tá tógáil an tíogair bháin an-chonspóideach mar níl siad úsáideach ó thaobh an chaomhnaithe de. Níl na géinte don mhorf datha seo ach ag 0.001% de thíogair fhiáine agus is é an t-[[ionphórú]] is cúis le ró-ionadaíocht an tíogair bháin i ngéibheann. Mar sin, má leanann an t-ionphórú seo ar aghaidh, tá an baol ann gurb iad [[spealadh ionphóraithe]] agus caillteanas na [[Inathraitheacht géinte|hinathraitheachta géinte]] i dtíogair i ngéibheann an toradh a bheidh ann.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|author=Xavier, N.|date=2010|url=https://www.currentscience.ac.in/Volumes/99/07/0894.pdf|title=A new conservation policy needed for reintroduction of Bengal tiger-white|journal=Current Science|volume=99|issue=7|pages=894–895}}</ref> Tá taifid ann de thíogair bhréag-[[Méilineach|mhéilineacha]] le stríoca cónascaithe i [[Páirc Náisiúnta Simlipal|bPáirc Náisiúnta Simlipal]] agus i dtrí zú Indiacha; léirigh anailís [[Géineolaíocht phobail|géineolaíochta pobail]] de shamplaí tíogar Indiach go bhfaightear an [[Feinitíopa|féinitíopa]] seo mar thoradh ar [[Sóchán|shócháin]] ghéin [[aimínipeiptíodáis]] [[Próitéin thras-scannáin|thras-scannáin]]. Tá an gné seo ag 37% de phobal tíogair Shimlipal, rud a nasctar le [[leithlisiú géiniteach]].<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=High frequency of an otherwise rare phenotype in a small and isolated tiger population|url=https://pnas.org/doi/full/10.1073/pnas.2025273118|journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences|date=2021-09-28|issn=0027-8424|pmc=8488692|pmid=34518374|volume=118|issue=39|doi=10.1073/pnas.2025273118|language=en|author=Vinay Sagar, Christopher B. Kaelin, Meghana Natesh, P. Anuradha Reddy, Rajesh K. Mohapatra, Himanshu Chhattani, Prachi Thatte, Srinivas Vaidyanathan, Suvankar Biswas, Supriya Bhatt, Shashi Paul, Yadavendradev V. Jhala, Mayank M. Verma, Bivash Pandav, Samrat Mondol, Gregory S. Barsh, Debabrata Swain, Uma Ramakrishnan}}</ref> == Dáileadh agus gnáthóg == [[Íomhá:Tigress_Anna_Savelevna_01.jpg|alt=Picture of tiger in forest at night|mion|Gaiste ceamara de thíogar Amúrach sa Rúis]] Bhíodh cead a chosa ag an tíogar go stairiúil agus cónaí air ó oirthear na Tuirce, tuaisceart na hIaráine agus an Afganastáin go dtí an Áise Láir agus ón Phacastáin thuaidh trí [[Fo-ilchríoch na hIndia|fho-ilchríoch na hIndia]] agus an Ind-Sín go hoirdheisceart na Sibéire, Sumatra, Iáva agus Bailí.<ref name=":8" /> Faoin bhliain 2022, ní raibh sé le fáil ach laistigh de 7% dá limistéar dáilte stairiúil agus bhí raon briste aige i bhfo-ilchríoch na hIndia, [[An Ind-Sín|leithinis na hInd-Síne]], Sumatra, oirthuaisceart na Síne agus [[Cianoirthear na Rúise]].<ref name=":3" /> Faoin bhliain 2020, bhí an t-achar is mó den ghnáthóg tíogair dhomhanda ag an India le 300,508 km² (116,027 mi²) á leanúint ag an Rúis le 195,819 km² (75,606 mi²).<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Range-wide trends in tiger conservation landscapes, 2001 - 2020|url=https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcosc.2023.1191280/full|journal=Frontiers in Conservation Science|date=2023|issn=2673-611X|volume=4|doi=10.3389/fcosc.2023.1191280|author=Sanderson, E. W.; Miquelle, D. G.; Fisher, K.; Harihar, A.; Clark, C.; Moy, J.; Potapov, P.; Robinson, N.; Royte, L.; Sampson, D.; Sanderlin, J.; Yackulic, C. B.; Belecky, M.; Breitenmoser, U.; Breitenmoser-Würsten, C.; Chanchani, P.; Chapman, S.; Deomurari, A.; Duangchantrasiri, S.; Facchini, E.; Gray, T. N. E.; Goodrich, J.; Hunter, L.; Linkie, M.; Marthy, W.; Rasphone, A.; Roy, S.; Sittibal, D.; Tempa, T.; Umponjan, M. & Wood, K.}}</ref> Tá cónaí ar an tíogar i ngnáthóga foraoise den chuid is mó agus is ainmhí an-sholúbtha é.<ref name=":9" /> Léiríonn taifid ón Áise Láir gur chuir sé faoi i bhforaoisí abhann [[Tugay]] agus foraoisí cnoic agus ísilchríche sa [[Réigiún Chugais|Chugais]].<ref>{{Harvnb|Sludskii|1992}}, lgh.&#x20;108–112</ref> I réigiún [[Amur (abhainn)|Amur-Ussuri]] na Rúise agus na Síne, cuireann sé faoi i [[Péine Chóiréach|bpéine Chóiréach]] agus i [[Foraois leathanduilleach agus mheasctha mheasartha|bhforaoisí leathanduilleacha agus measctha measartha]]; feidhmíonn [[Foraois abhann|foraoisí abhann]] mar phasáistí [[Scaipeadh bitheolaíoch|scaipthe]] a chuireann bia agus uisce ar fáil do thíogair agus a gcreach mar aon.<ref>Miquelle, D. G.; Smirnov, E. N.; Merrill, T. W.; Myslenkov, A. E.; Quigley, H.; Hornocker, M. G. & Schleyer, B. (1999). "Hierarchical spatial analysis of Amur tiger relationships to habitat and prey" in {{Harvnb|Seidenstecker|Christie|Jackson|1999}}, lgh. 71-99</ref> Faightear i [[Foraois leathanduilleach thais thrópaiceach agus fhothrópaiceach|bhforaoisí leathanduilleacha taise trópaiceacha agus fo-thrópaiceacha]], foraoisí leathanduilleacha agus measctha measartha, [[Foraois shíorghlasa thais thrópaiceach|foraoisí síorghlasa taise trópaiceacha]], [[Foraois thirim thrópaiceach|foraoisí tirime trópaiceacha]], [[Má thuiltrí|mánna tuiltrí]] agus sna [[Foraois mhangróbh|foraoisí mangróbh]] sna [[Sundarbans]] é go príomhá ar fho-ilchríoch na hIndia.<ref>Wikramanayake, E. D.; Dinerstein, E.; Robinson, J. G.; Karanth, K. U.; Rabinowitz, A.; Olson, D.; Mathew, T.; Hedao, P.; Connor, M.; Hemley, G. & Bolze, D. (1999). "Where can tigers live in the future? A framework for identifying high-priority areas for the conservation of tigers in the wild" in {{harvnb|Seidensticker|Christie|Jackson|1999}}, lgh. 265-267</ref> In [[Oirthear na Himiléithe]], taifeadadh i [[Foraois mheasartha|bhforaoisí measartha]] sa [[An Bhútáin|Bhútáin]] é ar airde de 4,200 m (13,800 tr), agus in oirdheaisceart na [[An Tibéid|Tibéide]] sna [[Cnoic Mishmi]] ar airde de 3,630 m (11,910 tr) agus i [[Contae Mêdog|gContae Mêdog]] ar airde de 3,139 m (10,299 tr).<ref>Jigme, K. & Tharchen, L. (2012). "Camera-trap records of tigers at high altitudes in Bhutan". ''Cat News'' (56): 14–15.</ref><ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=First photographic record of tiger presence at higher elevations of the Mishmi Hills in the Eastern Himalayan Biodiversity Hotspot, Arunachal Pradesh, India|url=https://threatenedtaxa.org/index.php/JoTT/article/view/4381|journal=Journal of Threatened Taxa|date=2018|issn=0974-7907|pages=12833–12836|volume=10|issue=13|doi=10.11609/jott.4381.10.13.12833-12836|author=Adhikarimayum, A. S. & Gopi, G. V.}}</ref><ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Tiger reappearance in Medog highlights the conservation values of the region for this apex predator|url=https://www.zoores.ac.cn/en/article/doi/10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2023.178|journal=Zoological Research|date=2023|issn=2095-8137|pmc=10415778|pmid=37464931|pages=747–749|volume=44|issue=4|doi=10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2023.178|language=en|author=Li, X. Y.; Hu, W. Q.; Wang, H. J. & Jiang, X. L.}}</ref> Cuireann sé faoi i bhforaoisí [[duillsilteach]] agus [[Planda síorghlas|síorghlasa]] sa Téalainn.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=How many tigers Panthera tigris are there in Huai Kha Khaeng Wildlife Sanctuary, Thailand? An estimate using photographic capture-recapture sampling|url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0030605307414107/type/journal_article|journal=Oryx|date=2007|issn=0030-6053|pages=447–453|volume=41|issue=4|doi=10.1017/S0030605307414107|language=en|author=Simcharoen, S.; Pattanavibool, A.; Karanth, K. U.; Nichols, J. D. & Kumar, N. S.}}</ref> In Sumatra, faightear i [[Foraois sheascainn mhóna|bhforaoisí seascainn móna]] ilchríche agus i [[Foraois Montane|bhforaoisí Montane]] garbha.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Population Status of a Cryptic Top Predator: An Island-Wide Assessment of Tigers in Sumatran Rainforests|url=https://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0025931|journal=PLoS ONE|date=2011|issn=1932-6203|pmc=3206793|pmid=22087218|pages=e25931|volume=6|issue=11|doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0025931|language=en|author=Wibisono, H. T.; Linkie, M.; Guillera-Arroita, G.; Smith, J. A.; Sunarto; Pusarini, W.; Asriadi; Baroto, P.; Brickle, N.; Dinata, Y.; Gemita, E.; Gunaryadi, D.; Haidir, I. A. & Herwansyah}}</ref> === Dlús pobail === Nocht [[Gaiste ceamara|gaistí ceamara]] le linn 2010-2015 i bhforaois dhuillsilteach agus phéine fho-thrópaiceach na [[Páirc Náisiúnta Jim Corbett|Páirce Náisiúnta Jim Corbett]] i dtuaisceart na hIndia go bhfuil [[Dlús daonra|dlús phobail]] tíogair seasmhach de 12-17 indibhidiúil in aghaidh gach 100 km² (39 mi²) laistigh de limistéar 521 km² (201 mi²).<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Demography of a high‐density tiger population and its implications for tiger recovery|url=https://besjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/1365-2664.13410|journal=Journal of Applied Ecology|date=2019|issn=0021-8901|pages=1725–1740|volume=56|issue=7|doi=10.1111/1365-2664.13410|language=en|author=Bisht, S.; Banerjee, S.; Qureshi, Q. & Jhala, Y.}}</ref> I dtuaisceart Mhaenmar, measadh dlús phobail tíogair sa limistéar samplála, a raibh thart ar 3,250 km² (1,250 mi²) d'fhoraois leathanduilleach thrópaiceach agus féarthalamh ann, a bheith idir 0.21–0.44 tíogair in aghaidh gach 100 km² (39 mi²) faoin bhliain 2009.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Estimating abundance with sparse data: tigers in northern Myanmar|url=https://esj-journals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1007/s10144-008-0093-5|journal=Population Ecology|date=2009|issn=1438-3896|pages=115–121|volume=51|issue=1|doi=10.1007/s10144-008-0093-5|language=en|author=Lynam, A. J.; Rabinowitz, A.; Myint, T.; Maung, M.; Latt, K. T. & Po, S. H. T.}}</ref> Measadh go bhfuil an dlús phobail i bhforaoisí leath-shíorghlasa agus duillsilteacha measctha [[Anaclann Fiadhúlra Huai Kha Khaeng]] na Téalainne thart ar 2.01 tíogair in aghaidh gach 100 km² (39 mi²); le linn na 1970idí agus 1980idí, tharla [[lománaíocht]] agus póitseáil sna [[Páirc Náisiúnta Mae Wong|Páirceanna Náisiúnta Mae Wong]] agus [[Páirc Náisiúnta Khlong Lan|Khlong Lan]] in aice láimhe, áit a measadh an dlús phobail a bheith i bhfad níos ísle, gan ach 0.359 tíogair in aghaidh gach 100 km² (39 mi²) faoin bhliain 2016.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Tiger density, movements, and immigration outside of a tiger source site in Thailand|url=https://conbio.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/csp2.560|journal=Conservation Science and Practice|date=2021|issn=2578-4854|volume=3|issue=12|doi=10.1111/csp2.560|language=en|author=Phumanee, W.; Steinmetz, R.; Phoonjampa, R.; Weingdow, S.; Phokamanee, S.; Bhumpakphan, N. & Savini, T.}}</ref> Measadh an dlús phobail i bhforaoisí [[Dipterocarpaceae|dipterocarp]] agus montane i dtuaisceart na Malaeise a bheith thart ar 1.47–2.43 tíogair fhásta in aghaidh gach 100 km² (39 mi²) i bPáirc Stáit Belum Ríoga, ach 0.3–0.92 tíogair fhásta a bheith ann in aghaidh gach 100 km² (39 mi²) in [[Anaclann Foraoise Temengor]], áit atá gan chosaint a mbíonn lománaíocht ar siúl [[Lománaíocht roghnaitheach|ar bhonn roghnaitheach]].<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Conserving tigers in Malaysia: A science-driven approach for eliciting conservation policy change|url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0006320714005035|journal=Biological Conservation|date=2015|pages=18–26|volume=184|doi=10.1016/j.biocon.2014.12.024|language=en|author=Rayan, D. M. & Linkie, M.}}</ref> == Iompar agus éiceolaíocht == [[Íomhá:Tigerwater_edit2.jpg|alt=Tiger in water|mion|Tíogar ag folcadh]] Léiríonn sonraí ghaistí ceamara go seachnaíonn tíogair i [[Páirc Náisiúnta Chitwan|bPáirc Náisiúnta Chitwan]] áiteanna a ghnáthaíonn daoine agus gur gníomhaí a bhíonn siad san oíche ná sa ló.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Coexistence between wildlife and humans at fine spatial scales|url=https://pnas.org/doi/full/10.1073/pnas.1210490109|journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences|date=2012|issn=0027-8424|pmc=3458348|pmid=22949642|pages=15360–15365|volume=109|issue=38|doi=10.1073/pnas.1210490109|language=en|author=Carter, N. H.; Shrestha, B. K.; Karki, J. B.; Pradhan, N. M. B. & Liu, J.}}</ref> Ba ghníomhaí sé thíogar a raibh coiléir raidió orthu ó bhreacadh an lae go dtí go luath ar maidin agus a mbuaic á sroicheadh thart ar a 7:00 a chlog ar maidin i [[Páirc Náisiúnta Sundarbans|bPáirc Náisiúnta Sundarbans]]. <ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Ranging, Activity and Habitat Use by Tigers in the Mangrove Forests of the Sundarban|url=https://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0152119|journal=PLOS ONE|date=2016|issn=1932-6203|pmc=4822765|pmid=27049644|pages=e0152119|volume=11|issue=4|doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0152119|language=en|author=Naha, D.; Jhala, Y. V.; Qureshi, Q.; Roy, M.; Sankar, K. & Gopal, R.}}</ref> Nocht suirbhé gaiste ceamara trí bliana i bhfad i [[Páirc Náisiúnta Shuklaphanta|bPáirc Náisiúnta Shuklaphanta]] gur ghníomhaí na tíogair ó chrónú go dtí lár na hoíche.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Coexisting large carnivores: spatial relationships of tigers and leopards and their prey in a prey-rich area in lowland Nepal|url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/11956860.2018.1491512|journal=Écoscience|date=2019|issn=1195-6860|pages=1–9|volume=26|issue=1|doi=10.1080/11956860.2018.1491512|language=en|author=Pokheral, C. P. & Wegge, P.}}</ref> In oirthuaisceart na Síne, bhí tíogair ina [[Ainmhí clapsholais|n-ainmhithe clapsholais]] agus iad gníomhach le linn na hóiche agus a gcuid gníomhaíochtaí ag baint a mbuaic amach ar bhreacadh an lae agus ar chrónú na hoíche; bhíodar gníomhach ag nach mór an t-am céanna agus a bhí a gcuid creiche.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Do prey availability, human disturbance and habitat structure drive the daily activity patterns of Amur tigers ( Panthera tigris altaica )?|url=https://zslpublications.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jzo.12622|journal=Journal of Zoology|date=2019|issn=0952-8369|pages=131–140|volume=307|issue=2|doi=10.1111/jzo.12622|language=en|author=H. Yang, S. Han, B. Xie, P. Mou, X. Kou, T. Wang, J. Ge, L. Feng}}</ref> Is snámhaí cumhachtach é an tíogar a théann trasna aibhneacha atá chomh leathan le 8 km (5.0 mi) go héasca; tumann sé é féin san uisce ar laethanta teo ach go háirithe.<ref name=":7" /> Go ginearálta, níl a scileanna dreaptha crainn chomh cumasach agus atáthar i gcait eile de bharr a mhéide, ach déanann coileáin faoi 16 mhí amhlaidh go rialta.<ref>{{Harvnb|Thapar|2004}}, lgh. 26, 64–66</ref> Taifeadadh tíogar fásta ar dhreapadh dhó 10 m (33 tr) suas [[crann pipal]] mín.<ref name=":8" /> === Scaradh sóisialta === Maireann tíogair fhásta saolta aonaracha laistigh dá [[Raon baile (ainmhí)|raonta baile]] nó dá [[Dúiche (ainmhí)|ndúichí]] den chuid is mó, dá bhraitheann a méid ar fhlúirse a gcreiche, ar na láithreacha tíreolaíocha agus ar ghnéas na hindibhide féin. Cosaíonn fireannaigh agus baineannaigh a raonta baile ar thíogair an ghnéis chéanna agus cuimsíonn raon baile na bhfireannach iad roinnt baineannach mar aon.<ref name=":8" /><ref name=":7" /> Bhí raonta baile de 10.6 agus 14.1 km² (4.1 agus 5.4 mi²) ag dhá bhaineannach sna [[Sundarbans]].<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Female tiger Panthera tigris home range size in the Bangladesh Sundarbans: the value of this mangrove ecosystem for the species’ conservation|url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0030605310001456/type/journal_article|journal=Oryx|date=2011|issn=0030-6053|pages=125–128|volume=45|issue=1|doi=10.1017/S0030605310001456|language=en|author=Barlow, A. C. D.; Smith, J. L. D.; Ahmad, I. U.; Hossain, A. N. M.; Rahman, M. & Howlader, A.}}</ref> D'athraigh raonta baile cúig bhaineannach athbhunaithe in [[Anaclann Tíogair Panna]] ó 53–67 km² (20–26 mi²) sa gheimhreadh go 55–60 km² (21–23 mi²) sa tsamhradh agus 46–94 km² (18–36 mi²) le linn an [[Monsún|mhonsúin]]; bhí raonta baile móra 84–147 km² (32–57 mi²) ag trí fhireannach sa gheimhreadh, 82–98 km² (32–38 mi²) sa tsamhradh agus 81–118 km² (31–46 mi²) le linn shéasúir an mhonsúin.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Movement and home range characteristics of reintroduced tiger (Panthera tigris) population in Panna Tiger Reserve, central India|url=http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10344-016-1026-9|journal=European Journal of Wildlife Research|date=2016|issn=1612-4642|pages=537–547|volume=62|issue=5|doi=10.1007/s10344-016-1026-9|language=en|author=Sarkar, M. S.; Ramesh, K.; Johnson, J. A.; Sen, S.; Nigam, P.; Gupta, S. K.; Murthy, R. S. & Saha, G. K.}}</ref> I [[Tearmann Bithsféir Sikhote-Alin|dTearmann Bithsféir Sikhote-Alin]], bhí raonta baile de 248–520 km² (96–201 mi²) ag 14 baineannach agus de 847–1,923 km² (327–742 mi²) ag cúig fhireannach a chuimsigh raonta baile chúig bhaineannach ar an uasmhéid.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Spatial structure of Amur (Siberian) tigers ( Panthera tigris altaica ) on Sikhote-Alin Biosphere Zapovednik, Russia|url=https://academic.oup.com/jmammal/article-lookup/doi/10.1644/09-MAMM-A-293.1|journal=Journal of Mammalogy|date=2010|issn=0022-2372|pages=737–748|volume=91|issue=3|doi=10.1644/09-MAMM-A-293.1|language=en|author=Goodrich, J. M.; Miquelle, D. G.; Smirnov, E. M.; Kerley, L. L.; Quigley, H. B. & Hornocker, M. G.}}</ref> Nuair a bhíodh coileáin de cheithre mhí d'aois ag tíogair bhaineanna sa tearmann chéanna, laghdóidís a raonta baile ionas go bhféadfaidís fanacht i ngar dá n-óga agus d'ardóidís a raonta baile de réir a chéile go dtí go mbeadh a n-óga 13–18 mí d'aois.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=The influence of reproductive status on home range size and spatial dynamics of female Amur tigers|url=http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s13364-020-00547-2|journal=Mammal Research|date=2021|issn=2199-2401|pages=83–94|volume=66|issue=1|doi=10.1007/s13364-020-00547-2|language=en|author=Klevtcova, A. V.; Miquelle, D. G.; Seryodkin, I. V.; Bragina, E. V.; Soutyrina, S. V. & Goodrich, J. M.}}</ref> {{fráma íomhá|caption=[[Tíogar Bheangál|Tíogair Bheangál]] ag spraeáil múin (thuas) agus ag cuimilt de chrann chun a dhúiche a mharcáil|content={{CSS image crop |Image = Tiger spray marking. DavidRaju 1.jpg |bSize = 300 |cWidth = 150 |cHeight = 150 |oTop = 30 |oLeft = 30 }}{{CSS image crop |Image = Bijili (A tiger in Ranthambore National Park, 2016) 1.jpg |bSize = 150 |cWidth = 150 |cHeight = 150 |oTop = 30 |oLeft = 0 }}|width=150}} Is speiceas é an tíogar a théann ar rith i bhfad i gcéin agus a scaipeann thar fhaid suas le 650 km (400 mi) chun pobail tíogair in áiteanna eile a bhaint amach.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Connectivity of Tiger (Panthera tigris) Populations in the Human-Influenced Forest Mosaic of Central India|url=https://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0077980|journal=PLoS ONE|date=2013|issn=1932-6203|pmc=3819329|pmid=24223132|pages=e77980|volume=8|issue=11|doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0077980|language=en|author=Joshi, A.; Vaidyanathan, S.; Mondol, S.; Edgaonkar, A. & Ramakrishnan, U.}}</ref> Socraíonn tíogair bhaineanna óga a gcéad raonta baile i ngar dóibh a máithreacha ach déanann na tíogair fhireanna imirce níos faide amach ná a macasamhail bhaineann.<ref name=":10">{{Harvnb|Thapar|2004}}, lch. 76.</ref> Scaip ceithre thíogar baineanna a raibh [[Coiléar raidió|coiléir raidió]] orthu amach idir 0 agus 43.2 km (0.0 agus 26.8 mi) agus 10 dtíogar fireanna idir 9.5 agus 65.7 km (5.9 agus 40.8 mi) i bPáirc Náisiúnta Chitwan.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=The Role of Dispersal in Structuring the Chitwan Tiger Population|url=https://brill.com/view/journals/beh/124/3-4/article-p165_1.xml|journal=Behaviour|date=1993|issn=0005-7959|pages=165–195|volume=124|issue=3-4|doi=10.1163/156853993X00560|author=Smith, J. L. D.}}</ref> Cónaíonn fo-aosach fireann mar fhánaí i raon baile thíogair fhirinn eile go dtí go bhfuil sé níos sine agus láidir go leor chun dúshlán an fhireannaigh chónaithigh a thabhairt.<ref name=":10" /><ref>{{Harvnb|Mills|2004}}, lgh. 54–55. </ref> Marcálann tíogair a raonta baile trí [[Spraeáil múin|mhún a spraeáil]] ar fhásra agus chlocha, crúbáil nó [[cuimilt bholaidh]] a dhéanamh ar chrainnte agus conair a mharcáil le [[faecas]], táil [[Faireog tóna|fhaireog tóna]] agus scrabhanna talúna.<ref name=":7" /><ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Chemical Characterization of Territorial Marking Fluid of Male Bengal Tiger, Panthera tigris|url=http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10886-008-9462-y|journal=Journal of Chemical Ecology|date=2008|issn=0098-0331|pages=659–671|volume=34|issue=5|doi=10.1007/s10886-008-9462-y|language=en|author=Burger, B. V.; Viviers, M. Z.; Bekker, J. P. I.; Roux, M.; Fish, N.; Fourie, W. B. & Weibchen, G.}}</ref><ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Scent marking in free-ranging tigers,Panthera tigris|url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0003347289900018|journal=Animal Behaviour|date=1989|pages=1–10|volume=37|doi=10.1016/0003-3472(89)90001-8|language=en|author=Smith, J. L. D.; McDougal, C. & Miquelle, D.}}</ref><ref>{{Harvnb|Thapar|2004}}, lch. 105.</ref> Ligeann cuimilt bholaidh d'indibhid eolas a fháil amach faoi aitheantas tíogair eile. Is minic a ghlactar seilbh ar raonta baile a fhágtar gan úinéir laistigh de laethanta nó de sheachtainí, go háirithe nuair a fhaigheann an t‑úinéir bás.<ref name=":7" /> Bíonn tíogair bhaineanna níos fulangaí i leith bhaineannaigh eile laistigh dá raonta baile ná mar a bhíonn tíogair fhireann do fhireannaigh eile, ós rud é nach mbíonn fireannaigh caoinfhulangach de ghnáth. Réitítear aighnis trí imeaglú seachas trí throid go hiondúil. Mar sin féin, féadfaidh fireannach glacadh le híochtarán ina raon nuair a bhíonn [[Ceannasacht|an lámh in uachtar]] aige, fad nach dtagann an t-íochtaran róghar dó. Baineann na haighnis is fíochmhaire le dhá thíogar fireanna atá in iomaíocht lena chéile nuair atá baineannach in [[éastras]] sa cheantar.<ref>{{Harvnb|Mills|2004}}, lgh. 85–86.</ref> Bíonn tíogair níos sóisialta timpeall ar chreach nó ag conablach creiche. Roinnfidh tíogar fireann conablach leis na baineannaigh agus na coileáin laistigh dá raon baile uaireanta agus, murab ionann agus leoin fhireanna, ligfidh sé dóibh beathú sula gcríochnaíonn sé féin ag ithe. Mar sin féin, bíonn baineannaigh níos teannasaí nuair a bhuaileann siad le baineannaigh eile ag conablach creiche.<ref>{{Harvnb|Schaller|1967}}, lgh. 244–251.</ref><ref>{{Harvnb|Mills|2004}}, lch. 89.</ref> === Cumarsáid === Le linn teagmhálacha cairdiúla agus chun ceangail shóisialta a neartú, [[Bunting (iompar ainmhí)|cuimlíonn tíogair a gcoirp]] in aghaidh a chéile.<ref>{{Harvnb|Schaller|1967}}, lgh. 262–263.</ref> Áirítear ar a ngothaí gnúise an "bagairt chosanta", ina mbíonn an aghaidh rocach, na fiacla nochtaithe, na cluasa tarraingthe siar agus na mic imrisc méadaithe.<ref>{{Harvnb|Schaller|1967}}, lch. 263.</ref><ref name=":8" /> Taispeánann fireannaigh agus baineannaigh araon [[freagairt flehmen]], gruaim shainiúil ina gcuirtear strainc ar na liopaí, nuair a bholann siad marcálacha fuail. Úsáideann fireannaigh an fhreagairt flehmen chun marcálacha a fhágann tíogair bhaineanna atá in éastras a bhrath.<ref name=":8" /> Bogann tíogair a gcuid cluasa chun na spotaí bána atá ar a gcúl a thaispeáint, go háirithe le linn teagmhálacha ionsaitheacha agus idir máithreacha agus coileáin.<ref name=":11">{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Tiger Panthera tigris (Linnaeus, 1758)|publisher=University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-77999-7.|date=2002|location=Chicago|author=Sunquist, M. E. & Sunquist, F.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IF8nDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA320|journal=Wild Cats of the World|pages=343–372}}</ref> Úsáideann siad a n-eireabaill chomh maith chun a ngiúmar a chur in iúl. Chun croíúlacht a thaispeáint, cuirtear an t‑eireaball ag gobadh aníos agus luascann sé go mall. Nuair a bhíonn tíogar imníoch nó aireach, íslíonn sé a eireaball nó luascann sé ó thaobh go taobh é. Nuair atá sé socair, crochtar an t‑eireaball go híseal.<ref>{{Harvnb|Thapar|2004}}, lch. 29.</ref> De ghnáth bíonn tíogair ciúin, ach tá siad in ann réimse leathan glórtha a dhéanamh.<ref>{{Harvnb|Schaller|1967}}, lch. 256.</ref><ref>{{Harvnb|Thapar|2004}}, lch. 99.</ref> Ligeann siad búir astu chun a láithreacht a chur in iúl do thíogair eile thar achair fhada. Brúitear an fhuaim seo amach trí bhéal oscailte agus é ag dúnadh, agus is féidir í a chloisteáil suas le 3 km (1.9 mi) ar shiúl. Ligeann siad búir astu cúpla uair i ndiaidh a chéile agus freagraíonn tíogair eile ar an bhealach chéanna. Ligeann siad búir astu le linn cúplála fosta agus úsáidfidh máthair búir chun glaoch ar a coileáin. Nuair a bhíonn teannas orthu, ligeann tíogair sian astu, fuaim atá cosúil le búir ach atá níos boige agus a dhéantar nuair atá an béal dúnta go páirteach ar a laghad. Is féidir an sian seo a chloisteáil suas le 400 m (1,300 tr) ar shiúl.<ref name=":8" /><ref>{{Harvnb|Schaller|1967}}, lgh. 258–261.</ref> Le linn teagmhálacha ionsaitheacha, cloistear [[drantán]], [[Drannadh|drannach]] agus siosadh.<ref name=":12">{{Harvnb|Schaller|1967}}, lch. 261.</ref> Scaoiltear "búir chasachtach" nó "drannadh casachtach" amach trí bhéal oscailte agus fiacla nochtaithe.<ref name=":8" /><ref name=":12" /><ref name=":11" /> I gcúinsí níos cairdiúla, déanann tíogair ''[[prusten]]'', fuaim shéimh shrannach ísealmhinicíochta atá cosúil le [[crónán]] na gcat beag. Déanann máithreacha cumarsáid lena gcoileáin trí ghnúsacht, agus freagraíonn na coileáin le [[meamhlach]].<ref>{{Harvnb|Schaller|1967}}, lgh. 257–258.</ref> Nuair a bhaintear geit astu, déanann siad fuaim ghearr cosúil le "bhuf". Déanann siad fuaim "pok" mar a bheadh fia ann, ar chúiseanna nach bhfuil soiléir; is minice a chloistear í ag conablaigh chreiche, áfach.<ref>{{Harvnb|Schaller|1967}}, lgh. 256–258.</ref><ref>{{Harvnb|Mills|2004}}, lch. 62.</ref><gallery mode="packed" heights="150px"> Íomhá:Panthera_tigris_altaica_28_-_Buffalo_Zoo_(1).jpg|alt=Image of tiger barring teeth|Tíogar Amúrach ag nochtadh a chuid fiacla mar chomhartha ionsaitheachta Íomhá:Sumatran_tiger_(Panthera_tigris_sumatrae)_vocalising.webm|alt=Video of tiger roaring at a zoo|[[Tíogar Sumatrach]] i ngéibheann ag búireadh Íomhá:439280_schots_angry-tiger.wav|Tíogar i gcás ag drantú agus ag drannadh </gallery> === Seilg agus aiste bia === [[Íomhá:RANTHAMBORE_TIGER_RESERVE.jpg|alt=Tiger attacking a sambar deer from behind, pulling on its back|mion|Tíogar Bheangál ag ionsaí [[fia sambar]] in [[Anaclann Tíogair Ranthambore]]]] The tiger is a [[carnivore]] and an [[apex predator]]. [[Abundance (ecology)|Abundance]] and body weight of prey species are assumed to be the main criteria for the tiger's prey selection, both inside and outside protected areas.<ref>{{cite journal|author1=Biswas, S.|name-list-style=amp|author2=Kumar, S.|author3=Bandhopadhyay, M.|author4=Patel, S. K.|author5=Lyngdoh, S.|author6=Pandav, B.|author7=Mondol, S.|year=2023|title=What drives prey selection? Assessment of Tiger (''Panthera tigris'') food habits across the Terai-Arc Landscape, India|journal=Journal of Mammalogy|volume=104|issue=6|pages=1302–1316|doi=10.1093/jmammal/gyad069}}</ref> It feeds mainly on large and medium-sized [[Ungulate|hooved mammals]] such as [[sambar deer]], [[Manchurian wapiti]], [[barasingha]], [[gaur]] and [[wild boar]].<!--Please do not add any more species to this sentence.--><ref name="Hayward">{{cite journal|last1=Hayward|first1=M. W.|last2=Jędrzejewski|first2=W.|last3=Jędrzejewska|first3=B.|year=2012|title=Prey preferences of the tiger ''Panthera tigris''|journal=Journal of Zoology|volume=286|issue=3|pages=221–231|doi=10.1111/j.1469-7998.2011.00871.x|name-list-style=amp}}</ref><ref name="Steinmetz_al2021">{{cite journal|author1=Steinmetz, R.|name-list-style=amp|author2=Seuaturien, N.|author3=Intanajitjuy, P.|author4=Inrueang, P.|author5=Prempree, K.|year=2021|title=The effects of prey depletion on dietary niches of sympatric apex predators in Southeast Asia|journal=Integrative Zoology|volume=16|issue=1|pages=19–32|doi=10.1111/1749-4877.12461|pmid=32627329}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|author1=Variar, A. S.|name-list-style=amp|author2=Anoop, N. R.|author3=Komire, S.|author4=Vinayan, P. A.|author5=Sujin, N. S.|author6=Raj, A.|author7=Prasadan, P. K.|year=2023|title=Prey selection by the Indian tiger (''Panthera tigris tigris'') outside protected areas in Indias Western Ghats: implications for conservation|journal=Food Webs|volume=34|article-number=e00268|doi=10.1016/j.fooweb.2022.e00268|bibcode=2023FWebs..3400268V}}</ref> It also preys opportunistically on smaller species like [[Monkey|monkeys]], [[peafowl]] and other ground-based birds, [[Porcupine|porcupines]] and fish.<ref name="Mazak1981" /><ref name="Miquelle" /> Occasional attacks on [[Asian elephant|Asian elephants]] and [[Indian rhinoceros|Indian rhinoceroses]] have also been reported.<ref>{{cite journal|author1=Karanth, K. U.|year=2003|title=Tiger ecology and conservation in the Indian subcontinent|journal=Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society|volume=100|issue=2 & 3|pages=169–189|url=https://repository.ias.ac.in/89489/1/50p.pdf}}</ref> More often, tigers take the more vulnerable calves.<ref>{{cite journal|author1=Karanth, K. U.|author2=Nichols, J. D.|name-list-style=amp|year=1998|title=Estimation of tiger densities in India using photographic captures and recaptures|journal=Ecology|volume=79|issue=8|pages=2852–2862|doi=10.1890/0012-9658(1998)079[2852:EOTDII]2.0.CO;2|jstor=176521|url=http://erepo.usiu.ac.ke/bitstream/handle/11732/758/Estimation%20of%20tiger%20densities%20in%20India%20using%20photographic%20captures%20and%20recaptures.pdf?sequence=4&isAllowed=y|access-date=16 December 2021|archive-date=27 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221127044620/http://erepo.usiu.ac.ke/bitstream/handle/11732/758/Estimation%20of%20tiger%20densities%20in%20India%20using%20photographic%20captures%20and%20recaptures.pdf?sequence=4&isAllowed=y|url-status=live}}</ref> They sometimes prey on livestock and dogs in close proximity to settlements.<ref name="Mazak1981" /> Tigers occasionally consume vegetation, fruit and minerals for [[dietary fibre]] and supplements.<ref name="Perry">{{cite book|author=Perry, R.|title=The World of the Tiger|year=1965|publisher=Cassell|place=London|pages=133–134|asin=B0007DU2IU}}</ref> Tigers learn to hunt from their mothers, though the ability to hunt may be partially inborn.<ref name="Fàbregas">{{cite journal|last1=Fàbregas|first1=M. C.|last2=Fosgate|first2=G. T.|last3=Koehler|first3=G. M.|year=2015|title=Hunting performance of captive-born South China tigers (''Panthera tigris amoyensis'') on free-ranging prey and implications for their reintroduction|journal=Biological Conservation|volume=192|pages=57–64|doi=10.1016/j.biocon.2015.09.007|bibcode=2015BCons.192...57F|hdl=2263/50208|hdl-access=free|name-list-style=amp}}</ref> Depending on the size of the prey, they typically kill weekly though mothers must kill more often.<ref name="Sunquist2010" /> Families hunt together when cubs are old enough.{{sfn|Thapar|2004|p=63}} They search for prey using vision and hearing.{{sfn|Schaller|1967|pp=284–285}} A tiger will also wait at a watering hole for prey to come by, particularly during hot summer days.{{sfn|Schaller|1967|p=288}}{{sfn|Thapar|2004|p=120}} It is an ambush predator and when approaching potential prey, it crouches with the head lowered and hides in foliage. It switches between creeping forward and staying still. A tiger may even doze off and can stay in the same spot for as long as a day, waiting for prey and launch an attack when the prey is close enough,{{sfn|Thapar|2004|pp=119–120, 122}} usually within {{cvt|30|m}}.<ref name="Sunquist2010" /> If the prey spots it before then, the cat does not pursue further.{{sfn|Schaller|1967|p=288}} A tiger can sprint {{cvt|56|km/h|mph}} and leap {{cvt|10|m}};{{sfn|Schaller|1967|p=287}}{{sfn|Thapar|2004|p=23}} it is not a long-distance runner and gives up a chase if prey outpaces it over a certain distance.{{sfn|Schaller|1967|p=288}} [[Íomhá:Tiger's_killing_wild_boar.jpg|alt=Two tigers attacking a boar|deas|mion|Dhá thíogar Bheangál ag ionsaí [[torc allta]] in [[Anaclann Tíogair Kanha]]]] The tiger attacks from behind or at the sides and tries to knock the target off balance. It latches onto prey with its forelimbs, twisting and turning during the struggle and tries to pull it to the ground. The tiger generally applies a [[Throat clamp|bite to the throat]] until its victim dies of [[strangulation]].<ref name="Mazak1981" />{{sfn|Thapar|2004|p=121}}{{sfn|Schaller|1967|p=295}}{{sfn|Mills|2004|p=24}} It has an average bite force at the canine tips of 1234.3 [[Newton (unit)|newtons]].<ref>{{cite journal|author=Christiansen, P.|year=2007|title=Canine morphology in the larger Felidae: implications for feeding ecology|journal=Biological Journal of the Linnean Society|volume=91|issue=4|pages=573–592|doi=10.1111/j.1095-8312.2007.00819.x|doi-access=free}}</ref> Holding onto the throat puts the cat out of reach of horns, antlers, tusks and hooves.{{sfn|Thapar|2004|p=121}}{{sfn|Schaller|1967|pp=295–296}} Tigers are adaptable killers and may use other methods, including ripping the throat or breaking the neck. Large prey may be disabled by a bite to the back of the [[Hock (anatomy)|hock]], severing the tendon. Swipes from the large paws are capable of stunning or breaking the skull of a [[water buffalo]].{{sfn|Thapar|2004|p=126}} They kill small prey with a bite to the back of the neck or head.{{sfn|Schaller|1967|p=289}}<ref name="Sunquist2010" /> Estimates of the [[Hunting success|success rate]] for hunting tigers range from a low of 5% to a high of 50%. They are sometimes killed or injured by large or dangerous prey like gaur, buffalo and boar.<ref name="Sunquist2010" /> Tigers typically move kills to a private, usually vegetated spot no further than {{cvt|183|m}}, though they have been recorded dragging them {{cvt|549|m}}. They are strong enough to drag the carcass of a fully grown buffalo for some distance. They rest for a while before eating and can consume as much as {{cvt|50|kg}} of meat in one session, but feed on a carcass for several days, leaving little for scavengers.{{sfn|Schaller|1967|pp=297–300}} === Iomaitheoirí === [[Íomhá:Tigerdholes.jpg|alt=Painting of dhole pack attacking a tiger|mion|Léaráid ón bhliain 1807 de [[Madra fiáin Áiseach|madraí fiáine Áiseacha]] ag ionsaí tíogair]] In much of their range, tigers share habitat with leopards and [[Dhole|dholes]]. They typically dominate both of them, though with dholes it depends on their pack size. Interactions between the three predators involve chasing, [[Kleptoparasitism|stealing kills]] and direct killing.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Srivathsa|first1=A.|last2=Ramachandran|first2=V.|last3=Saravanan|first3=P.|last4=Sureshbabu|first4=A.|last5=Ganguly|first5=D.|last6=Ramakrishnan|first6=U.|year=2023|title=Topcats and underdogs: intraguild interactions among three apex carnivores across Asia's forestscapes|journal=Biological Reviews|volume=98|issue=6|pages=2114–2135|doi=10.1111/brv.12998|pmid=37449566|s2cid=259903849|name-list-style=amp}}</ref> Large dhole packs may kill tigers.{{sfn|Thapar|2004|p=136}} Tigers, leopards and dholes coexist by hunting different sized prey.<ref name="Karanth">{{cite journal|last=Karanth|first=K. U.|author2=Sunquist, M. E.|name-list-style=amp|year=2000|title=Behavioural correlates of predation by tiger (''Panthera tigris''), leopard (''Panthera pardus'') and dhole (''Cuon alpinus'') in Nagarahole, India|journal=Journal of Zoology|volume=250|pages=255–265|doi=10.1111/j.1469-7998.2000.tb01076.x|issue=2}}</ref> In [[Nagarhole National Park]], the average weight for tiger kills was found to be {{cvt|91.5|kg}}, compared to {{cvt|37.6|kg}} for leopards and {{cvt|43.4|kg}} for dholes.<ref name="KaranthSunquist1995">{{cite journal|author1=Karanth, K. U.|author2=Sunquist, M. E.|name-list-style=amp|title=Prey selection by tiger, leopard and dhole in tropical forests|jstor=5647|doi=10.2307/5647|journal=Journal of Animal Ecology|volume=64|issue=4|year=1995|pages=439–450|bibcode=1995JAnEc..64..439K}}</ref> In [[Kui Buri National Park]], following a reduction in prey numbers, tigers continued to kill favoured prey while leopards and dholes increased their consumption of small prey.<ref name="Steinmetz_al2021" /> Both leopards and dholes can live successfully in tiger habitat when there is abundant food and vegetation cover.<ref name="Karanth" /><ref>{{cite journal|author1=Odden, M.|name-list-style=amp|author2=Wegge, P.|author3=Fredriksen, T.|year=2010|title=Do tigers displace leopards? If so, why?|journal=Ecological Research|volume=25|issue=4|pages=875–881|doi=10.1007/s11284-010-0723-1|bibcode=2010EcoR...25..875O}}</ref> Otherwise, they appear to be less common where tigers are numerous. The recovery of the tiger population in [[Rajaji National Park]] during the 2000s led to a reduction in leopard population densities.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Harihar|first1=A.|last2=Pandav|first2=B.|last3=Goyal|first3=S. P.|year=2011|title=Responses of leopard ''Panthera pardus'' to the recovery of a tiger ''Panthera tigris'' population|journal=Journal of Applied Ecology|volume=48|issue=3|pages=806–814|doi=10.1111/j.1365-2664.2011.01981.x|doi-access=free|bibcode=2011JApEc..48..806H|name-list-style=amp}}</ref> Similarly, at two sites in central India the size of dhole packs was negatively correlated with tiger densities.<ref>{{cite journal|author1=Habib, B.|name-list-style=amp|author2=Nigam P.|author3=Ghaskadbi P.|author4=Bhandari A.|year=2021|title=Dhole pack size variation: Assessing the effect of prey availability and apex predator|journal=Ecology and Evolution|volume=11|issue=9|pages=4774–4785|doi=10.1002/ece3.7380|pmid=33976847|pmc=8093734|bibcode=2021EcoEv..11.4774B}}</ref> Leopard and dhole distribution in Kui Buri correlated with both prey access and tiger scarcity.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Steinmetz|first1=R.|last2=Seuaturien|first2=N.|last3=Chutipong|first3=W.|name-list-style=amp|year=2013|title=Tigers, leopards, and dholes in a half-empty forest: Assessing species interactions in a guild of threatened carnivores|journal=Biological Conservation|volume=163|pages=68–78|doi=10.1016/j.biocon.2012.12.016|bibcode=2013BCons.163...68S}}</ref> In [[Jigme Dorji National Park]], tigers were found to inhabit the deeper parts of forests while the smaller predators were pushed closer to the fringes.<ref>{{cite journal|author=Thinley, P.|author2=Rajaratnam, R.|author3=Lassoie, J. P.|author4=Morreale, S. J.|author5=Curtis, P. D.|author6=Vernes, K.|author7=Leki Leki|author8=Phuntsho, S.|author9=Dorji, T.|author10=Dorji, P.|name-list-style=amp|year=2018|title=The ecological benefit of tigers (''Panthera tigris'') to farmers in reducing crop and livestock losses in the eastern Himalayas: Implications for conservation of large apex predators|journal=Biological Conservation|volume=219|pages=119–125|doi=10.1016/j.biocon.2018.01.015|doi-access=free|bibcode=2018BCons.219..119T}}</ref> === Atáirgeadh agus saolré === {{Redirect|Tiger cub|other uses|Tiger Cub (disambiguation){{!}}Tiger Cub}} [[Íomhá:Tigeress_with_cubs_in_Kanha_Tiger_reserve.jpg|alt=Tiger with cubs|mion|Clann tíogair Bheangál in Anaclann Tíogair Kanha]] The tiger generally [[Mating|mates]] all year round, particularly between November and April. A tigress is in oestrus for three to six days at a time, separated by three to nine week intervals.<ref name="Mazak1981" /> A resident male mates with all the females within his home range, who signal their receptiveness by roaring and marking.{{sfn|Mills|2004|p=42}}{{sfn|Thapar|2004|p=145}} Younger, transient males are also attracted, leading to a fight in which the more dominant, resident male drives the usurper off.<ref name="Sankhala">{{cite journal|last1=Sankhala|first1=K. S.|year=1967|title=Breeding behaviour of the tiger ''Panthera tigris'' in Rajasthan|journal=International Zoo Yearbook|volume=7|issue=1|pages=133–147|doi=10.1111/j.1748-1090.1967.tb00354.x}}</ref>{{sfn|Mills|2004|p=42}} During courtship, the male is cautious with the female until she shows readiness to mate by positioning herself in [[Lordosis behavior|lordosis]] with her tail to the side. [[Copulation (zoology)|Copulation]] typically lasts no more than 20 seconds, with the male biting the female by the scruff of her neck. After it is finished, the male quickly pulls away as the female may turn and slap him.{{sfn|Mills|2004|p=42}} Tiger pairs may stay together for up to four days and mate multiple times.{{sfn|Thapar|2004|p=148}} [[Gestation]] lasts around or over three months.<ref name="Mazak1981" /> A tigress gives birth in a secluded location, be it in dense vegetation, in a cave or under a rocky shelter.{{sfn|Thapar|2004|p=45}} [[Litter (zoology)|Litters]] consist of as many as seven cubs, but two or three are more typical.<ref name="Sankhala" />{{sfn|Thapar|2004|p=45}} Newborn cubs weigh {{cvt|785|–|1610|g}} and are blind and underdeveloped ([[Precociality and altriciality|altricial]]).{{sfn|Thapar|2004|p=45}} The mother licks and cleans her cubs, suckles them and viciously defends them from any potential threat.<ref name="Sankhala" /> Cubs open their eyes at the age of three to 14 days and their vision becomes clear after a few more weeks.{{sfn|Thapar|2004|p=45}} They can leave the denning site after two months and around the same time they start eating meat.<ref name="Sankhala" />{{sfn|Mills|2004|pp=50–51}} The mother only leaves them alone to hunt and even then she does not travel far.{{sfn|Mills|2004|p=50}} When she suspects an area is no longer safe, she moves her cubs to a new spot, transporting them one by one by grabbing them by the scruff of the neck with her mouth.{{sfn|Thapar|2004|p=51}} A tigress in Sikhote-Alin Biosphere Reserve maximised the time spent with her cubs by reducing her home range, killing larger prey and returning to her den more rapidly than without cubs; when the cubs started to eat meat, she took them to kill sites, thereby optimising their protection and access to food.<ref>{{cite journal|author1=Petrunenko, Y. K.|name-list-style=amp|author2=Seryodkin, I. V.|author3=Bragina, E. V.|author4=Soutyrina, S. S.|author5=Mukhacheva, A. S.|author6=Rybin, N. N.|author7=Miquelle, D. G.|year=2019|title=How does a tigress balance the opposing constraints of raising cubs?|journal=Mammal Research|volume=65|issue=2|pages=245–253|doi=10.1007/s13364-019-00466-x}}</ref> In the same reserve, one of 21 cubs died in over eight years of monitoring and mortality did not differ between male and female juveniles.<ref>{{cite journal|author1=Robinson, H. S.|name-list-style=amp|author2=Goodrich, J. M.|author3=Miquelle, D. G.|author4=Miller, C. S.|author5=Seryodkin, I. V.|year=2015|title=Mortality of Amur tigers: The more things change, the more they stay the same|journal=Integrative Zoology|volume=10|issue=4|pages=344–353|doi=10.1111/1749-4877.12147|pmid=26096683}}</ref> Tiger monitoring over six years in [[Ranthambore Tiger Reserve]] indicated an average annual survival rate of around 85 percent for 74 male and female cubs; survival rate increased to 97 percent for both males and female juveniles of one to two years of age.<ref name="Sadhu2017">{{cite journal|author1=Sadhu, A.|name-list-style=amp|author2=Jayam, P. P. C.|author3=Qureshi, Q.|author4=Shekhawat, R. S.|author5=Sharma, S.|author6=Jhala, Y. V.|year=2017|title=Demography of a small, isolated tiger (''Panthera tigris tigris'') population in a semi-arid region of western India|journal=BMC Zoology|volume=2|article-number=16|doi=10.1186/s40850-017-0025-y|doi-access=free}}</ref> Causes of cub mortality include predators, floods, fires, death of the mother and fatal injuries.{{sfn|Thapar|2004|p=51}}{{sfn|Mills|2004|p=51}}<ref name="Barlow2009">{{cite journal|author1=Barlow, A. C. D.|name-list-style=amp|author2=McDougal, C.|author3=Smith, J. L. D.|author4=Gurung, B.|author5=Bhatta, S. R.|author6=Kumal, S.|author7=Mahato, B.|author8=Taman, D. B.|year=2009|title=Temporal variation in Tiger (''Panthera tigris'') populations and its implications for monitoring|journal=Journal of Mammalogy|volume=90|issue=2|pages=472–478|doi=10.1644/07-MAMM-A-415.1|bibcode=2009JMamm..90..472B|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref name="Sadhu2017" /> [[Íomhá:Panthera_tigris_altaica_13_-_Buffalo_Zoo.jpg|alt=Tigress with cub in snow|mion|Tíogar Amúrach baineann lena coileán i [[Zú Buffalo]]]] After around two months, the cubs are able to follow their mother. They still hide in vegetation when she goes hunting. Young bond through play fighting and practice stalking. A hierarchy develops in the litter, with the biggest cub, often a male, being the most dominant and the first to eat its fill at a kill.{{sfn|Mills|2004|pp=61, 66–67}} Around the age of six months, cubs are fully weaned and have more freedom to explore their environment. Between eight and ten months, they accompany their mother on hunts.{{sfn|Thapar|2004|p=63}} A cub can make a kill as early as 11 months and reach independence as a juvenile of 18 to 24 months of age; males become independent earlier than females.{{sfn|Schaller|1967|pp=270, 276}}<ref name="Sadhu2017" /> Radio-collared tigers in Chitwan started leaving their natal areas at the age of 19 months.<ref name="Smith1993">{{cite journal|last=Smith|first=J. L. D.|year=1993|title=The role of dispersal in structuring the Chitwan tiger population|volume=124|journal=Behaviour|issue=3|pages=165–195|doi=10.1163/156853993X00560}}</ref> Young females are [[Sexual maturity|sexually mature]] at three to four years, whereas males are at four to five years.<ref name="Mazak1981" /> [[Generation time|Generation length]] of the tiger is about 7–10 years.<ref>{{cite journal|title=Generation length for mammals|author=Pacifici, M.|author2=Santini, L.|author3=Di Marco, M.|author4=Baisero, D.|author5=Francucci, L.|author6=Grottolo Marasini, G.|author7=Visconti, P.|author8=Rondinini, C.|journal=Nature Conservation|year=2013|volume=5|issue=5|pages=87–94|doi=10.3897/natureconservation.5.5734|doi-access=free|name-list-style=amp}}</ref> Wild Bengal tigers live 12–15 years.<ref>{{cite journal|author=Majumder, A.|year=2023|title=Survival strategy – Temporal segregation of different age and sex classes of a Bengal tiger (''Panthera tigris tigris'' Linnaeus) population in Pench Tiger Reserve, Madhya Pradesh India|journal=Journal of Animal Diversity|volume=5|issue=3|pages=43–54|doi=10.61186/JAD.2023.5.3.5|doi-access=free}}</ref> Data from the International Tiger [[Studbook]] 1938–2018 indicate that captive tigers lived up to 19 years.<ref>{{cite journal|author1=Tidière, M.|name-list-style=amp|author2=Müller, P.|author3=Sliwa, A.|author4=Siberchicot, A.|author5=Douay, G.|year=2021|title=Sex-specific actuarial and reproductive senescence in zoo-housed tiger (''Panthera tigris''): The importance of sub-species for conservation|journal=Zoo Biology|volume=40|issue=4|pages=320–329|doi=10.1002/zoo.21610|pmid=33861886|url=https://findresearcher.sdu.dk/ws/files/182491417/zoo.21610.pdf}}</ref> The father does not play a role in raising the young, but he encounters and interacts with them. The resident male appears to visit the female–cub families within his home range. They socialise and even share kills.{{sfn|Mills|2004|pp=59, 89}}{{sfn|Thapar|2004|pp=55–56}} One male was recorded looking after cubs whose mother had died.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-south-asia-13598386|work=BBC News|author=Pandey, G.|date=2011|title=India male tiger plays doting dad to orphaned cubs|access-date=14 February 2024|archive-date=8 April 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240408231242/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-south-asia-13598386|url-status=live}}</ref> By defending his home range, the male protects the females and cubs from other males.{{sfn|Mills|2004|p=59}} When a new male takes over, dependent cubs are at risk of [[Infanticide (zoology)|infanticide]] as the male attempts to sire his own young with the females.{{sfn|Thapar|2004|p=66}} A seven-year long study in Chitwan National Park revealed that 12 of 56 detected cubs and juveniles were killed by new males taking over home ranges.<ref name="Barlow2009" /> === Sláinte agus galair === Tá taifid ann de thíogair mar óstaigh sheadáin éagsúla amhail péisteanna ribíneacha cosúil le ''[[Diphyllobothrium]] erinacei'', ''[[Taenia pisiformis]]'' san India agus speicis ''[[Toxocara]]'' san India agus speicis ''[[Physaloptera]] preputialis'', ''[[Dirofilaria]] ursi'' agus ''Uiteinarta'' sa tSibéir.<ref name=":8" /> Tá sé ar eolas go mbíonn [[conslaod]] le fáil i dtíogair Amúracha.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Canine Distemper Virus: an Emerging Disease in Wild Endangered Amur Tigers ( Panthera tigris altaica )|url=https://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/mBio.00410-13|journal=mBio|date=2013|issn=2161-2129|pmc=3747579|pmid=23943758|volume=4|issue=4|doi=10.1128/mBio.00410-13|language=en|author=Seimon, T. A.; Miquelle, D. G.; Chang, T. Y.; Newton, A. L.; Korotkova, I.; Ivanchuk, G.; Lyubchenko, E.; Tupikov, A.; Slabe, E. & McAloose, D.}}</ref> Ionfhabhtú morbillivíris is é is dóichí a bheith mar chúis báis tíogair bhaininn i gCianoirthear na Rúise a raibh tástáil dhearfach ar an [[Painleocaipéine fhéilíneach|phainleocaipéine fhéilíneach]] agus an [[Coróinvíreas féilíneach|choróinvíreas fhéilíneach]] aici.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Morbillivirus Infection in a Wild Siberian Tiger in the Russian Far East|url=https://meridian.allenpress.com/jwd/article/46/4/1252/121390/Morbillivirus-Infection-in-a-Wild-Siberian-Tiger|journal=Journal of Wildlife Diseases|date=2010|issn=0090-3558|pages=1252–1256|volume=46|issue=4|doi=10.7589/0090-3558-46.4.1252|language=en|author=Quigley, K. S.; Evermann, J. F.; Leathers, C. W.; Armstrong, D. L.; Goodrich, J.; Duncan, N. M. & Miquelle, D. G.}}</ref> Léirigh samplaí fola ó 11 tíogair fhásta sa Neipeal [[antasubstaintí]] le haghaidh [[Conpharvaivíreas|conpharvaivíris]]-2, [[Heirpéasvíreas féilíneach|heirpéasvíris fhéilínigh]], córóinvíris féilínigh, [[Leiptispioróis|leiptispioróise]] agus ''[[Toxoplasma gondii]]''.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Serologic Survey of Selected Pathogens in Free-Ranging Bengal Tigers (Panthera tigris tigris) in Nepal|url=https://meridian.allenpress.com/jwd/article/57/2/393/451344/Serologic-Survey-of-Selected-Pathogens-in-Free|journal=Journal of Wildlife Diseases|date=2021|issn=0090-3558|volume=57|issue=2|doi=10.7589/JWD-D-20-00046|author=McCauley, D.; Stout, V.; Gairhe, K. P.; Sadaula, A.; Dubovi, E.; Subedi, S. & Kaufman, G. E.}}</ref> == Bagairtí == == Caomhnú == {{Main|Caomhnú an Tíogair}} ''Tuilleadh Eolais: [[Tíogar na 21ú hAoise]]'' {| class="wikitable sortable floatright" |+ Pobal domhanda na dtíogar fiáin !Tír !Bliain !Meastachán |- | {{flagicon|India}} [[An India]]|| 2022 || align="right" |3,167–3,682<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|author=Qureshi, Q.; Jhala, Y. V.; Yadav, S. P. & Mallick, A.|date=2023|url=https://wii.gov.in/images//images/documents/publications/statu_tiger_copredators-2022.pdf|title=Status of tigers, co-predators and prey in India 2022 (PDF)|publisher=National Tiger Conservation Authority & Wildlife Institute of India|location=Deilí Nua, Dehradun}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240505145403/https://wii.gov.in/images//images/documents/publications/statu_tiger_copredators-2022.pdf |date=2024-05-05 }}</ref> |- | {{flagicon|Russia}} [[An Rúis]]|| 2022 || align="right" |573–600<ref name=":5">{{Lua idirlín|teideal=Global Tiger Recovery Program 2.0 (2023-34)|url=https://globaltigerforum.org/global-tiger-recovery-program-2-0-2023-34/|dátarochtana=01-12-2025|language=en-US|foilsitheoir=Global Tiger Forum}}</ref> |- | {{Bratach|Indonesia}} [[An Indinéis]]|| 2022 || align="right" |393<ref name=":5" /> |- | {{Bratach|Nepal}} [[Neipeal]]|| 2022 || align="right" |316–355<ref>{{cite book|year=2022|title=Status of Tigers and Prey in Nepal 2022|location=Kathmandu, Neipeal|publisher=Department of National Parks and Wildlife Conservation and Department of Forests and Soil Conservation. Ministry of Forests and Environment|url=https://dnpwc.gov.np/media/files/Status_of_Tigers_Ic2ylSC.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230408104009/https://dnpwc.gov.np/media/files/Status_of_Tigers_Ic2ylSC.pdf|author=DNPWC & DFSC}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230408104009/https://dnpwc.gov.np/media/files/Status_of_Tigers_Ic2ylSC.pdf |date=2023-04-08 }}</ref> |- | {{Bratach|Thailand}} [[An Téalainn]]|| 2022 || align="right" |148–189<ref name=":5" /> |- | {{Bratach|Malaysia}} [[An Mhalaeisia]]|| 2022 || align="right" |<150<ref name=":5" /> |- | {{Bratach|Bhutan}} [[An Bhútáin]]|| 2022 || align="right" |131<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|author=Department of Forests and Park Services|date=2023|title=National Tiger Survey 2021–22|publisher=Rialtas na Bútaine|location=Thimphu}}</ref> |- | {{Bratach|Bangladesh}} [[An Bhanglaidéis]]|| 2022|| align="right" |118–122<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|author=Begum, S.|date=30 Iúil 2024|title=Tiger population in Sundarban rises by 8-10pc in 2024|publisher=Daily Observer|url=https://www.observerbd.com/news.php?id=482816}}</ref> |- | {{Bratach|China}} [[An tSín]]|| 2022 || align="right"|>60<ref name=":5" /> |- | {{Bratach|Myanmar}} [[Maenmar]]|| 2022 || align="right" |28<ref name=":5" /> |- | '''Iomlán'''|| || align="right" |'''5,638–5,899''' |} Tá an chuma ar an scéal nach bhfuil ach 5000-7000 tíogar fágtha ar domhan. Meastar go bhfuil níos lú na 2500 tíogar fásta sa nádúr. Timpeall na bliana 1900 bhí 100,000 tíogar ann. Bhí naoi bhfospeiceas ann tráth. Ach tá tíogar Bhailí, an tíogar Iávach agus an tíogar Caispeach imithe in éag. Níl ach sé fhospeiceas ann anois, agus iad uile i mbaol: * An [[Tíogar Bheangál]]:<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Bengal tiger|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bengal_tiger|journal=Wikipedia|date=2024-12-11|language=en}}</ref> níos lú na 2000 fágtha * An [[Tíogar Ind-Síneach]]:<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Indochinese tiger|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indochinese_tiger|journal=Wikipedia|date=2024-09-12|language=en}}</ref> 1200-1800 * An [[Tíogar Malaech]]:<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Malayan tiger|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malayan_tiger|journal=Wikipedia|date=2024-12-28|language=en}}</ref> 600-800 * An [[Tíogar Sumatrach]]: 400-500 * An [[Tíogar Amúrach]] (sa [[An tSibéir|tSibéir]]): 400-550. Sna 1940idí ní raibh ach 40 tíogar Amúrach fágtha ach tá suas le 550 ann anois mar cuireadh stop leis an sealgaireacht. * [[Tíogar na Síne Theas]]:<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=South China tiger|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_China_tiger|journal=Wikipedia|date=2024-11-27|language=en}}</ref> díobhaí sa nádúr; 59 i zúnna Tá a ghnáthóg á chailliúint ag an tíogar. Tá an fuadach tíograch coitianta agus maraítear tíogair beagnach gach lá mar úsáidtear a bhfionnadh agus a gcoirp sa leigheas traidisiúnta. == Féach freisin == * An [[Tíogar Sumatrach]] agus an [[Tíogar Amúrach]] * [[An Tíogar Ceilteach]] == Tagairtí == {{Reflist}} == Leabharliosta == * {{Citation |last=Thapar |first=V. |title=Tiger: The Ultimate Guide |date=2004 |url=https://archive.org/details/tigerultimategui0000thap/mode/2up |place=Deilí Nua |publisher=CDS Books |isbn=1-59315-024-5}} * {{Citation |last=Green |first=S. |title=Tiger |date=2006 |issue=2 |place=Londain |publisher=Reaktion Books |isbn=978-1-86189-276-8}} * {{Citation |title=The Encyclopedia of Mammals |date=2001 |issue=2 |editor-last=MacDonald |editor-first=D. |place=Oxford |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-7607-1969-5}} * {{Citation |last=Tilson |first=R. |title=Tigers of the World: The Science, Politics and Conservation of Panthera tigris |date=2010 |issue=2 |place=Londain |publisher=Academic Press |isbn=978-0-08-094751-8 |last2=Nyhus |first2=P. J.}} * {{Citation |last=Mills |first=S. |title=Tiger |date=2004 |url=https://archive.org/details/tiger0000mill/mode/2up |archive-url= |place=Richmond Hill |publisher=Firefly Books |isbn=1-55297-949-0}} * {{Citation |last=Schaller |first=G. B. |title=The Deer and the Tiger: A Study of Wildlife in India |date=1967 |url=https://archive.org/details/deertigerstudyof0000scha/page/n419/mode/2up |place=Chicago |publisher=University of Chicago Press |isbn=0-226-73631-8}} * {{Citation |last=Seidensticker |first=J |title=Riding the Tiger: Tiger Conservation in Human-Dominated Landscapes |date=1999 |url=https://archive.org/details/ridingtigertiger00unse |place=Cambridge |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-64835-6 |last2=Christie |first2=S |last3=Jackson |first3=P}} * {{Citation |last=Sludskii |first=A. A. |title=Tiger Panthera tigris Linnaeus, 1758 |date=1992 |work=Mlekopitajuščie Sovetskogo Soiuza. Moskva: Vysšaia Škola [Mamaigh an Aontais Shóivéadaigh] |volume=II, Part 2. Carnivora (Hyaenas and Cats) |pages=95–202 |editor-last=Heptner |editor-first=V. G. |editor-last2=Sludskii |editor-first2=A. A. |url=https://archive.org/stream/mammalsofsov221992gept#page/94/mode/2up |place=Washington DC |publisher=Smithsonian Institution and the National Science Foundation |isbn=978-90-04-08876-4}} {{síol ainmhí}} [[Catagóir:Tíogair]] [[Catagóir:Cait]] pr5cu36fkqj1hj0krby1g59zig39vjb 1321800 1321799 2026-07-27T09:28:21Z An Sionnach Rua 29036 1321800 wikitext text/x-wiki {{WD Bosca Sonraí Ainmhí Bheo}} [[File:A walk with the Tigress.webm|thumb|right|tíogar]] Is cat mór é an '''tíogar''' ('''''Panthera tigris''''')<ref name="Tearma">{{Cite web-en|url=https://www.tearma.ie/q/Panthera%20tigris/|title=“Panthera tigris” {{!}} téarma.ie|publisher=[[An Coiste Téarmaíochta]]|work=[[Téarma.ie]]: An Bunachar Náisiúnta Téarmaíochta don Ghaeilge|access-date=2023-06-26}}</ref><ref name="Linn1758" /> ar ball é den ghéineas ''[[Panthera]]'' a thagann ón [[An Áise|Áise]] ó dhúchas. Tá corp láidir agus matánach aige a bhfuil ceann agus lapaí móra, eireaball fada agus fionnadh flannbhuí le stríoca dubha atá ceartingearach don chuid is mó air. Rangaítear in naoi [[Fospeiceas|bhfospeiceas]] [[Holaicéineach|reatha]] é go traidisiúnta cé nach n-aithníonn roinnt daoine agus eagraíochtaí ach an dá fhospeiceas, tíogair na mórthíre Áisí agus tíogair oileáin na [[Oileáin Sunda|nOileán Sunda]]. Cuireann an tíogar faoi i bhforaoisí den chuid is mó, idir [[Foraois leathanduilleach agus mheasctha mheasartha|foraoisí leathanduilleacha agus measctha measartha]] agus [[Cónaiféar|buaircíneach]] i [[Cianoirthear na Rúise|gCianoirthear na Rúise]] agus [[Oirthuaisceart na Síne]] agus [[Foraois leathanduilleach thais thrópaiceach agus fhothrópaiceach|foraoisí leathanduilleacha taise trópaiceacha agus fothrópaiceacha]] i [[Fo-ilchríoch na hIndia|bhfo-ilchríoch na hIndia]] agus in [[Oirdheisceart na hÁise]]. Is [[buaicchreachadóir]] é an tíogar a chreachann [[Crúbach|crúbaigh]] roimh a ndéanann sé luíochán go príomha. Caitheann sé saol atá aonarach go hiondúil agus bíonn [[raon baile]] a chosnaíonn sé roimh indibhidiúil den ghnéas chéanna aige. Forluíonn raon an fhireannaigh raoin go leor baineannach lena chúplálann sé. De ghnáth, beireann an baineannach idir dhá agus trí choileán a fhanann lena máthair ar feadh dhá bhliain. Nuair a bhíonn na coileáin neamhspleách, fágann siad raon baile a máthar agus bunaíonn siad a raon féin. Ó bhlianta luaithe na fichiú haoise, is in ísle a ndeachaigh raon baile na dtíogar agus ar a laghad 93% dá raon stairiúil caillte acu; tá siad [[Díothú áitiúil|díothaithe go háitiúil]] in [[Iarthar na hÁise|Iarthar]] agus i [[Lár na hÁise]] agus i gcodanna móra na [[An tSín|Síne]] chomh maith leis na hoileáin [[Iáva]] agus [[Bailí]]. Tá raon an tíogair scoilte go dona sa lá atá inniu ann. Liostaítear mar [[Speiceas i mbaol (Stádas AICD)|speiceas i mbaol]] é ar [[Liosta Dearg an AICD de Speicis i mBaol]] mar meastar gur laghdaigh a raon idir 53% go 68% ó bhí na 1990idí déanacha ann. Tá go leor bagairtí móra ag cur le stádas reatha na dtíogar idir [[Scriosadh gnáthóige|scriosadh]] agus [[Ilroinnt gnáthóige|ilroinnt a ngnáthóige]] mar gheall ar [[Dífhoraoisiú|dhífhoraoisiú]], [[póitseáil]] ar son a bhfionnaidh agus trádáil mhídhleathach a gcodanna coirp ar mhaithe le cúrsaí leighis. Is íospartaigh na [[An choinbhleacht daonna-fiadhúlra|coinbhleachta daonna-fiadhúlra]] iad na tíogair fosta mar ionsaíonn agus creachann siad an beostoc i gceantair nach bhfuil mórán creach nádúrtha le fáil iontu. Tá cosaint dhlíthiúil ag an tíogar in chuile thír laistigh dá raon. Cuimsíonn cuir chuige náisiúnta pleananna gníomhaíochta, [[patróil fhrith-phóitseála]] agus scéimeanna monatóireachta líon na dtíogar. Bunaíodh [[Conair fhiadhúlra|conairí fiadhúlra]] i gcuid mhaith de na tíortha laistigh dá raon agus tá athbhunú tíogar pleanáilte iontu.<ref name=":3">{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Panthera tigris|url=https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/15955/214862019|date=2021-12-15|doi=10.2305/iucn.uk.2022-1.rlts.t15955a214862019.en|language=en|author=Goodrich, J., Wibisono, H., Miquelle, D., Lynam, A.J., Sanderson, E., Chapman, S., Gray, T.N.E., Chanchani, P. & Harihar, A.|journal=The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species|publisher=IUCN}}</ref> Tá an tíogar ar cheann de na [[Mórfhána carasmatach|mórfhánaí carasmatacha]] is mó a bhfuil tóir air ar fud an domhain. Bhíodh an tíogar i ngéibheann ón chéad lá riamh agus traenáladh é chun seónna a chur ar fáil i [[Sorcas|sorcais]] agus cláracha siamsaíochta eile. Chonacthas an tíogar go forleathan i [[miotaseolaíocht]] agus i [[Béaloideas|mbéaloideas]] ársa na gcultúr fud fad a raon stairiúil agus [[Léirithe cultúrtha an tíogair|chonacthas fós i gcultúr]] ar fud an domhain é sa lá atá inniu ann. == Sanasaíocht == Síolraíonn an [[Seanbhéarla]] ''tigras'' ón [[Seanfhraincis|tSeanfhraincis]] ''tigre'', ón [[An Laidin|Laidin]] ''tigris'', ar iasacht é de ''tigris'' ([[An tSean-Ghréigis|Sean-Ghréigis]]: τίγρις).<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|author=Liddell, H. G. & Scott, R. (Sir Henry Stuart Jones, Roderick McKenzie eag.)|date=1940|url=https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3Dti%2Fgris|title="τίγρις".|journal=A Greek-English Lexicon|publisher=Clarendon Press|location=Oxford|accessdate=21 Feabhra 2021}}</ref> Ón aimsir ársa, meastar go síolraíonn an focal ''tigris'' ón fhocal [[An Airméinis|Arméiniseach]] nó [[An Pheirsis|Pheirsiseach]] ar 'saighead' ar féidir leis a bheith ina bhunús d'ainm abhainn na [[An Tígris|Tigrise]].<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|author=Varro, M. T.; Kent, R. G.|date=1938|url=https://archive.org/details/onlatinlanguage01varruoft/page/96/mode/2up|title="De lingua latina" [On the Latin Language]|journal="XX. Ferarum vocabula" [XX. The names of wild beasts]|pages=lgh. 94-97|publisher=W. Heinemann|location=Londain}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Naming the Tiger in the Early Modern World|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/26560471|journal=Renaissance Quarterly|date=2017|issn=0034-4338|pages=977–1006|volume=70|issue=3|author=David Thorley|doi=10.1086/693884. JSTOR 26560471}}</ref> Sa lá atá inniu ann, áfach, glactar leis gur comhainm atá iontu agus nach bhfuil gaol ar bith ann idir ainm an ainmhí agus na habhann.<ref name=":0" /> == Tacsanomaíocht == Rinne an luibheolaí Sulannach [[Carl von Linné]] an chéad chur síos eolaíoch ar an tíogar ina shaothar ''[[Systema Naturae]]'', áit a fuair sé an [[Ainmníocht dhéthéarmach|t-ainm déthéarmach]] ''Felis tigris'', mar ba ghnách ag an am an géineas ''Felis'' a úsáid le haghaidh na cait ar fad. Bunaítear an [[cur síos eolaíoch]] ar chuir síos a rinne nádúraithe níos luaithe amhail [[Conrad Gessner]] agus [[Ulisse Aldrovandi]].<ref name="Linn1758">{{luaigh foilseachán|author=Linnaeus, C.|year=1758|title=[https://archive.org/stream/mobot31753000798865#page/41/mode/2up "Felis tigris"] Caroli Linnæi Systema naturæ per regna tria naturæ, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis|volume=Tomus I|location=Holmiae|publisher=Laurentius Salvius|language=la|issue=decima, reformata|pages=lch. 41}}</ref> Is in 1929 a chuir [[Reginald Innes Pocock]] an speiceas sa ghéineas ''[[Panthera]]'' faoin ainm dhéthéarmach ''Panthera tigris''.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|author=Pocock, R. I.|date=1929|title=Tigers|journal=Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society|volume=33|issue=3|pages=lgh. 505–541|url=https://archive.org/details/journalofbomb33341929bomb/page/n133}}</ref><ref name=":2" /> === Fospeiceas === {{Anchor|Pobail}}Moladh naoi [[Fospeiceas|bhfospeiceas]] tíogar [[Holaicéineach|reatha]] idir luathbhlianta na 19ú hAois agus na 21ú hAois agus is iad sin an [[tíogar Bheangál]], [[Tíogar Malaech|Malaech]], [[Tíogar Ind-Síneach|Ind-Síneach]], [[Tíogar na Síne Theas|na Síne Theas]], [[Tíogar Amúrach|Amúrach]], [[Tíogar Caispeach|Caispeach]], [[Tíogar Iávach|Iávach]], [[Tíogar Bailí|Bailí]] agus [[Tíogar Sumatrach|Sumatrach]].<ref name="MSW3">{{Luaigh foilseachán|author=[[W. Chris Wozencraft|Wozencraft, W. C.]]|date=2005|title=Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference|issue=3|publisher=Johns Hopkins University Press ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0. OCLC 62265494.|pages=lch. 546|coauthors=[http://www.departments.bucknell.edu/biology/resources/msw3/browse.asp?id=14000259 "Species ''Panthera tigris''"] In [[Don E. Wilson|Wilson, D. E.]]; Reeder, D. M. (eag.)|url=http://www.google.com/books?id=JgAMbNSt8ikC&pg=PA546}}</ref><ref name=Wilting2015/> Ceistíodh [[Bailíocht ainmnithe (zó-eolaíocht)|bailíocht]] cuid mhaith de na fospeicis mar bhí sé de nós an tráth sin iad a idirdhealú bunaithe ar dhath agus fhaid an fhionnaidh, patrúin stríoca agus méid na n-eiseamlár i mbailiúcháin [[Iarsmalann stair an dúlra|iarsmalanna stair an dúlra]] ar féidir nach n-ionadaíonn siad an pobal ar fad. Moladh gur cheart dhá fhospeiceas bailí tíogar a aithint, is iad sin ''P. t. tigris'' ar mhórthír na hÁise agus an speiceas níos lú ''P. t. sondaica'' sna [[Na hOileáin Sunda Mór|hOileáin Sunda Mór]].<ref name="Kitchener1999">Kitchener, A. (1999). "Tiger distribution, phenotypic variation and conservation issues" in {{harvnb|Seidensticker|Christie|Jackson|1999|lgh=19–39|lua=ref=Seidensticker, J.; Christie, S.; Jackson, P.}}, lgh. 19-39</ref> D'athdhearbhaíodh an moladh dhá fhospeicis arís sa bhliain 2015 trí anailís chuimsitheach a dhéanamh ar thréithe moirfeolaíocha, éiceolaíocha agus ADN miteacoindreacha (mtADN) chuile fhospeiceas toimhdean tíogar.<ref name="Wilting2015">{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Planning tiger recovery: Understanding intraspecific variation for effective conservation|url=https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4640610/|journal=Science Advances|date=Mí an Mheithimh 2015|issn=2375-2548|pmc=4640610|pmid=26601191|pages=e1400175|volume=1|issue=5|doi=10.1126/sciadv.1400175|author=Wilting, A.; Courtiol, A.; Christiansen, P.; Niedballa, J.; Scharf, A. K.; Orlando, L.; Balkenhol, N.; Hofer, H.; Kramer-Schadt, S.; Fickel, J. & Kitchener, A. C.}}</ref> In 2017, d'athbhreithnigh Tascfhórsa Catrangaithe Ghrúpa Sainréimse Cat an AICD tacsanomaíocht ''felid'' de réir an mholta dhá fhospeicis 2015 agus níor aithníodh ach ''P. t. tigris'' agus ''P. t. sondaica'' amháin.<ref name="catsg">{{Luaigh foilseachán|author=Kitchener, A. C.; Breitenmoser-Würsten, C.; Eizirik, E.; Gentry, A.; Werdelin, L.; Wilting, A.; Yamaguchi, N.; Abramov, A. V.; Christiansen, P.; Driscoll, C.; Duckworth, J. W.; Johnson, W.; Luo, S.-J.; Meijaard, E.; O'Donoghue, P.; Sanderson, J.; Seymour, K.; Bruford, M.; Groves, C.; Hoffmann, M.; Nowell, K.; Timmons, Z. & Tobe, S.|date=2017|url=https://repository.si.edu/bitstream/handle/10088/32616/A_revised_Felidae_Taxonomy_CatNews.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y#page=66|title=A revised taxonomy of the Felidae: The final report of the Cat Classification Task Force of the IUCN Cat Specialist Group (PDF).|journal=Cat News (Special Issue 11)|pages=lgh. 66-68}}</ref> Léirigh torthaí staidéar seicheamhaithe géinte iomláin 2018 de 32 sampla ón sé fhospeiceas toimhdean beo—an tíogar Bheangál, Malaech, Ind-Síneach, na Síne Theas, Amúrach agus Sumatrach—gur [[Clád|cláid]] shoiléire faoi leith iad.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Genome-Wide Evolutionary Analysis of Natural History and Adaptation in the World’s Tigers|url=https://www.cell.com/current-biology/abstract/S0960-9822(18)31214-4|journal=Current Biology|date=2018|issn=0960-9822|pmid=30482605|pages=3840–3849.e6|volume=28|issue=23|doi=10.1016/j.cub.2018.09.019|language=English|author=Liu, Y.-C.; Sun, X.; Driscoll, C.; Miquelle, D. G.; Xu, X.; Martelli, P.; Uphyrkina, O.; Smith, J. L. D.; O'Brien, S. J. & Luo, S.-J.}}</ref> Chomhthacaíodh leis na torthaí arís in 2021 agus 2023.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Recent Evolutionary History of Tigers Highlights Contrasting Roles of Genetic Drift and Selection|url=https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8136513/|journal=Molecular Biology and Evolution|date=2021|issn=1537-1719|pmc=8136513|pmid=33592092|pages=2366–2379|volume=38|issue=6|doi=10.1093/molbev/msab032|author=Armstrong, E. E.; Khan, A.; Taylor, R. W.; Gouy, A.; Greenbaum, G.; Thiéry, A; Kang, J. T.; Redondo, S. A.; Prost, S.; Barsh, G.; Kaelin, C.; Phalke, S.; Chugani, A.; Gilbert, M.; Miquelle, D.; Zachariah, A.; Borthakur, U.; Reddy, A.; Louis, E.; Ryder, O. A.; Jhala, Y. V.; Petrov, D.; Excoffier, L.; Hadly, E. & Ramakrishnan, U.}}</ref><ref name="Wang2023">{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Population genomic analysis provides evidence of the past success and future potential of South China tiger captive conservation|url=https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10111772/|journal=BMC biology|date=2023|issn=1741-7007|pmc=10111772|pmid=37069598|pages=64|volume=21|issue=1|doi=10.1186/s12915-023-01552-y|author=Wang, C.; Wu, D. D.; Yuan, Y. H.; Yao, M. C.; Han, J. L.; Wu, Y. J.; Shan, F.; Li, W. P.; Zhai, J. Q.; Huang, M; Peng, S. H.; Cai, Q .H.; Yu, J. Y.; Liu, Q. X.; Lui, Z. Y.; Li, L. X.; Teng, M. S.; Huang, W.; Zhou, J. Y.; Zhang, C.; Chen, W. & Tu, X. L.}}</ref> Léirigh staidéar sa bhliain 2023 go bhfuil bailíocht ag an naoi bhfospeiceas reatha ar fad.<ref name=":1">{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Ancient DNA reveals genetic admixture in China during tiger evolution|url=https://www.nature.com/articles/s41559-023-02185-8|journal=Nature Ecology & Evolution|date=2023-11|issn=2397-334X|pages=1914–1929|volume=7|issue=11|doi=10.1038/s41559-023-02185-8|language=en|author=Sun, X.; Liu, Y.-C.; Tiunov, M. P.; Gimranov, D. O.; Zhuang, Y.; Han, Y.; Driscoll, C. A.; Driscoll, C. A.; Pang, Y.; Li, C.; Pan, Y; Velasco, M. S.; Gopalakrishnan, S.; Yang, R.-Z.; Li, B.-G.; Jin, K.; Xu, X.; Uphyrkina, O.; Huang, Y.; Wu, X.-H.; Gilbert, M. T. P.; O'Brien, S. J.; Yamaguchi, N. & Luo, S.-J.}}</ref> Deir an Grúpa Sainréimse Cat "Given the varied interpretations of data, the [subspecific] taxonomy of this species is currently under review by the IUCN SSC Cat Specialist Group." nó i nGaeilge "Mar gheall ar na léirmhínithe éagsúla ar an dáta, tá Grúpa Sainréimse Cat SSC an AICD ag déanamh athbhreithnithe ar thacsanomaíocht [fospeiceasach] an speicis seo".<ref>{{Lua idirlín|teideal=Tiger|url=http://www.catsg.org/index.php?id=124|work=www.catsg.org|dátarochtana=2025-11-27|language=|údar=CatSG|archivedate=2014-11-12|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141112171012/http://www.catsg.org/index.php?id=124}}</ref> Tá na táblaí thíos bunaithe ar [[Tacsanomaíocht (bitheolaíocht)|rangú]] an tíogair mar a bhí in 2005<ref name=MSW3/> agus tugann siad rangú 2017 an Tascfhórsa Catrangaithe le fios chomh maith.<ref name=catsg/>{{clear}} {| class="wikitable" |+ style="text-align: centre;" | ''Panthera tigris tigris'' {{small|(Linnaeus, 1758)}}<ref name=Linn1758/> ! Pobal !! Cur síos !! Íomhá |- style="vertical-align: top;" | [[Tíogar Bheangál]] {{small|ainm déthéarmach ''P. t. tigris'' (von Linné, 1758)}}<ref name="Linn1758" /> | | Cuireann an pobal seo faoi ar [[fo-ilchríoch na hIndia|fho-ilchríoch na hIndia]].<ref name="Jackson1996">{{Luaigh foilseachán|author=Nowell, K. & Jackson, P.|date=1996|url=https://portals.iucn.org/library/sites/library/files/documents/1996-008.pdf#page=80|title="Tiger, Panthera tigris (Linnaeus, 1758)" (PDF).|volume=|pages=lgh. 55-65|publisher=IUCN. ISBN 2-8317-0045-0|location=Gland, Switzerland|journal=Wild Cats: Status Survey and Conservation Action Plan}}</ref> Tá fionnadh níos giorra ar an tíogar Bheangál ná mar atá orthu níos faide ó thuaidh<ref name=":2">{{Luaigh foilseachán|author=Pocock, R. I.|date=1939|url=https://archive.org/stream/PocockMammalia1/pocock1#page/n247/mode/2up|title="Panthera tigris"|journal=The Fauna of British India, Including Ceylon and Burma. Vol. Mammalia|volume=Vol. 1|pages=lgh. 197–210|publisher=T. Taylor and Francis, Ltd|location=Londain}}</ref>, le dath idir [[ciarbhuí]] agus cróchdhearg air<ref name=":2" /><ref>{{cite report|title=Indian National Studbook of the Bengal Tiger (''Panthera tigris tigris'') |publisher=Central Zoo Authority, Wildlife Institute of India |date=2011 |url=https://cza.nic.in/uploads/documents/studbooks/english/Bengal%20Tiger%20Studbook%202011.pdf |last1=Srivastav|first1=A. |last2=Malviya |first2=M. |last3=Tyagi |first3=P. C.|last4=Nigam |first4=P. |name-list-style=amp |access-date=27 May 2024}}</ref> agus polláirí atá measartha fada agus caol.<ref name="Mazák2010"/> | |[[File:Adult male Royal Bengal tiger.jpg|frameless]] |- style="vertical-align: top;" | [[Extinction|†]] [[Tíogar Caispeach]] {{small|ainm déthéarmach ''P. t. virgata'' ([[Johann Karl Wilhelm Illiger|Illiger]], 1815)}}<ref name="Illiger">{{Luaigh foilseachán|author=Illiger, K.|date=1815|title=Überblick der Säugethiere nach ihrer Verteilung über die Welttheile|journal=Abhandlungen der Königlichen Preußischen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin 1804–1811|pages=lgh. 39-159|publisher=Realschul-Buchhandlung|location=Berlin|url=https://bibliothek.bbaw.de/digitalisierte-sammlungen/akademieschriften/ansicht-akademieschriften?tx_bbaw_academicpublicationshow%5Baction%5D=show&tx_bbaw_academicpublicationshow%5Bcontroller%5D=AcademicPublication%5CVolume&tx_bbaw_academicpublicationshow%5Bpage%5D=195&tx_bbaw_academicpublicationshow%5Bvolume%5D=85&cHash=f015ec3f9a13240a9559ebdcb88aafa4}}</ref> | |Bhíodh an pobal seo ag cur faoi ón Túirc go dtí an [[Muir Chaisp|Mhuir Chaisp]].<ref name=Jackson1996/> Bhí fionnadh geal meirgeach rua air le stríoca tanaí a bhí an-ghar dá gcéile<ref>{{Harvnb|Sludskii|1992}}, lch. 137.</ref> agus [[cnámh cúlphlaice]] leathan.<ref name=Kitchener1999/> Nocht anailís ghéiniteach gur garghaol leis an tíogar Amúrach a bhí ann.<ref name="Driscoll2009">{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Mitochondrial Phylogeography Illuminates the Origin of the Extinct Caspian Tiger and Its Relationship to the Amur Tiger|url=https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0004125|journal=PLOS ONE|date=14 Ean 2009|issn=1932-6203|pmc=2624500|pmid=19142238|pages=e4125|volume=4|issue=1|doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0004125|language=en|author=Driscoll, C. A.; Yamaguchi, N.; Bar-Gal, G. K.; Roca, A. L.; Luo, S.; MacDonald, D. W. & O'Brien, S. J.}}</ref> Tá pobal an tíogair seo díothaithe ó bhí na 1970idí ann.<ref name=Seidensticker1999/> | |[[File:Panthera tigris virgata.jpg|frameless]] |- style="vertical-align: top;" | [[Tíogar Amúrach]] {{small|ainm déthéarmach ''P. t. altaica'' ([[Coenraad Jacob Temminck|Temminck]], 1844)}}<ref name="Temminck">{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Aperçu général et spécifique sur les Mammifères qui habitent le Japon et les Iles qui en dépendent|url=https://archive.org/details/faunajaponicasi00sieb/page/43|publisher=Lugduni Batavorum : Apud Auctorem|date=1844|coauthors=In Siebold, P. F. v.; Temminck, C. J.; Schlegel, H. (eag.).; Museum of Comparative Zoology Harvard University|author=Siebold, P. F. v.; Haan, W. de.; Temminck, C. J.; Schlegel, H.|journal=Fauna japonica, sive, Descriptio animalium, quae in itinere per Japoniam, jussu et auspiciis, superiorum, qui summum in India Batava imperium tenent, suscepto, annis 1823-1830|location=Leiden}}</ref> | |Tá cónaí ar an phobal seo tíogar i [[Cianoirthear na Rúise|gCianoirthear na Rúise]], in [[Oirthuaisceart na Síne]] agus b'fhéidir sa [[An Chóiré Thuaidh|Chóiré Thuaidh]].<ref name=Jackson1996/> Tá gruaig fhada agus fionnadh tiubh ar an tíogar Amúrach.<ref name=Temminck/> Athraíonn a dhath talún ó [[ócar]]-buí sa gheimhreadh go dath atá níos rua agus níos beoga tar éis dó a fhionnadh a chur.<ref>{{Harvnb|Sludskii|1992}}, lch. 131.</ref> Tá an blaosc níos giorra agus níos leithne ná blaoscanna na dtíogar ó dheas.<ref name="Mazák2010">{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Craniometric variation in the tiger (Panthera tigris): Implications for patterns of diversity, taxonomy and conservation|url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1616504708000621|journal=Mammalian Biology|date=2010-01-01|issn=1616-5047|pages=45–68|volume=75|issue=1|doi=10.1016/j.mambio.2008.06.003|author=Ji H. Mazák}}</ref> | |[[File:P.t.altaica Tomak Male.jpg|frameless]] |- style="vertical-align: top;" | [[Tíogar na Síne Theas]] {{small|ainm déthéarmach ''P. t. amoyensis'' ([[Max Hilzheimer|Hilzheimer]], 1905)}}<ref name=Hilzheimer>{{cite journal |last=Hilzheimer |first=M. |date=1905 |title=Über einige Tigerschädel aus der Straßburger zoologischen Sammlung |journal=Zoologischer Anzeiger |volume=28 |pages=594–599 |url=https://archive.org/details/zoologischeranze28deut/page/596}}</ref> | |Bhí an tíogar seo le fáil ó dheas i lár na Síne.<ref name=Jackson1996/> Bhí blaoscanna ag an chúig [[Eiseamláir an chineáil|eiseamláir cineáil]] a raibh fiacla [[Fiacla carnasacha|carnasacha]] agus [[cúlfhiacail]] níos giorra acu ná tíogair ón India, cráiniam níos lú, [[logall súile]] a luigh níos gaire dá gcéile le [[Starr iar-logall súile|stairr iar-logall súile]] níos mó; bhíodh a chraicinn sách buí le stríoca a bhí cosúil le [[rombas]].<ref name=Hilzheimer/> Tá [[haplaitíopa]] mtADN faoi leith aige de bharr a phóraithe le seanghinealaigh tíogar.<ref name=catsg/><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":4">{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=An extinct and deeply divergent tiger lineage from northeastern China recognized through palaeogenomics|url=https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9326283/|journal=Proceedings. Biological Sciences|date=2022-07-27|issn=1471-2954|pmc=9326283|pmid=35892215|pages=20220617|volume=289|issue=1979|doi=10.1098/rspb.2022.0617|author=Jiaming Hu, Michael V. Westbury, Junxia Yuan, Chunxue Wang, Bo Xiao, Shungang Chen, Shiwen Song, Linying Wang, Haifeng Lin, Xulong Lai, Guilian Sheng}}</ref> Tá sé díothaithe san fhiántas mar nach bhfacthas go hoifigiúil ó bhí na 1970idí ann,<ref name=":3" /> agus ní mhaireann sé ach i ngéibheann anois.<ref name=Wang2023/> | |[[File:2012 Suedchinesischer Tiger.JPG|frameless]] |- style="vertical-align: top;" | [[Tíogar Ind-Síneach]] {{small|ainm déthéarmach ''P. t. corbetti'' ([[Vratislav Mazák|Mazák]], 1968)}}<ref name="Mazak1968">{{cite journal |last=Mazák|first=V.|date=1968|title=Nouvelle sous-espèce de tigre provenant de l'Asie du sud-est|journal=Mammalia|volume=32|issue=1|pages=104–112|doi=10.1515/mamm.1968.32.1.104}}</ref> | |Faightear pobal an tíogair seo ar an [[Leithinis Ind-Síneach]].<ref name=Jackson1996/> Tá cráiniam níos lú ná ceann an tíogair Bheangál ag eiseamláir an tíogair Ind-Sínigh agus is cosúil go bhfuil fionnadh níos dorcha le stríoca níos tanaí orthu.<ref name=Mazak1968/><ref name="mazak06">{{cite journal|last1=Mazák|first1=J. H.|last2=Groves|first2=C. P.|name-list-style=amp|date=2006|title=A taxonomic revision of the tigers (''Panthera tigris'') of Southeast Asia|journal=Mammalian Biology|volume=71|issue=5|pages=268–287|doi=10.1016/j.mambio.2006.02.007|bibcode=2006MamBi..71..268M|url=http://www.dl.edi-info.ir/A%20taxonomic%20revision%20of%20the%20tigers%20of%20Southeast%20Asia.pdf|access-date=15 January 2024|archive-date=31 May 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230531133543/http://www.dl.edi-info.ir/A%20taxonomic%20revision%20of%20the%20tigers%20of%20Southeast%20Asia.pdf|url-status=live|author=Mazák, J. H. & Groves, C. P.}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230531133543/http://www.dl.edi-info.ir/A%20taxonomic%20revision%20of%20the%20tigers%20of%20Southeast%20Asia.pdf |date=31 Bealtaine 2023 }}</ref> | |[[File:Panthera tigris corbetti (Tierpark Berlin) 832-714-(118).jpg|frameless]] |- style="vertical-align: top;" | [[Tíogar Malaech]] {{small|ainm déthéarmach ''P. t. jacksoni'' (Luo et al., 2004)}}<ref name="Luo04">{{cite journal |date=2004|title=Phylogeography and genetic ancestry of tigers (''Panthera tigris'')|journal=[[PLOS Biology]]|volume=2|issue=12|pmid=15583716|pmc=534810|doi=10.1371/journal.pbio.0020442|author=Luo, S.-J.; Kim, J.-H.; Johnson, W. E.; van der Walt, J.; Martenson, J.; Yuhki, N.; Miquelle, D. G.; Uphyrkina, O.; Goodrich, J. M.; Quigley, H. B.; Tilson, R.; Brady, G.; Martelli, P.; Subramaniam, V.; McDougal, C.; Hean, S.; Huang, S.-Q.; Pan, W.; Karanth, U. K.; Sunquist, M.; Smith, J. L. D. & O'Brien, S. J.|pages=e442}}</ref> | |Moladh an tíogar Malaech mar fhospeiceas faoi leith bunaithe ar dhifríocht idir a mtADN agus a mhionsheichimh satailíte agus iad an tíogair Ind-Sínigh.<ref name=Luo04/> Níl difríocht rómhór idir dath a fhionnaidh ná méid a bhlaoisc agus iad an tíogair Ind-Sínigh ach an oiread.<ref name=mazak06/> Níl aon teorainn shoiléir idir phobail tíogar i dtuaisceart na [[An Mhalaeis|Malaeise]] agus deisceart na [[An Téalainn|Téalainne]].<ref name=":3" /> | |[[File:2012-09-15 Tierpark Berlin 26 (cropped).jpg|frameless]] |} {| class="wikitable" |+ style="text-align: centre;" | ''Panthera tigris sondaica'' {{small|(Temminck, 1844)}}<ref name=catsg/> ! Pobal !! Cur síos !! Íomhá |- style="vertical-align: top;" | †[[Tíogar Iávach]] {{small|ainm déthéarmach ''P. t. sondaica'' (Temminck, 1944)}}<ref name=Temminck/> | |Rinneadh cur síos ar an tíogar seo bunaithe ar líon seithí anaithnid a raibh gruaig ghearr mhín orthu.<ref name=Temminck/> Bhí na tíogair de bhunadh [[Iáva]] measartha beag i gcomparáid le tíogair na mórthíre Áisí, bhí blaoscanna sách fada acu i gcomparáid leis an tíogar Shumatrach agus bhí stríoca níos faide, níos tanaí agus níos iomadúla acu.<ref name=mazak06/> Meastar go bhfuil pobal an tíogair Iávaigh díothaithe ó bhí na 1980idí ann. <ref name=Seidensticker1999/> | |[[File:COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM Een groep mannen en kinderen poseert bij een pas geschoten tijger te Malingping in Bantam West-Java TMnr 10006636.jpg|frameless]] |- style="vertical-align: top;" | †[[Tíogar Bailí]] {{small|ainm déthéarmach ''P. t. balica'' ([[Ernst Schwarz (zoologist)|Schwarz]], 1912)}}<ref name=Schwarz>{{cite journal |last=Schwarz |first=E. |date=1912 |title=Notes on Malay tigers, with description of a new form from Bali |journal=Annals and Magazine of Natural History |pages=324–326 |series=8 |volume=10 |issue=57 |doi=10.1080/00222931208693243 |url=https://archive.org/stream/annalsmagazineof8101912lond#page/324/mode/2up}}</ref> | | Bhíodh an tíogar seo le fáil ar [[Bailí|Bhailí]] agus bhí fionnadh níos gile air agus blaosc níos lú aige ná mar a bhí ag an tíogar Iávach.<ref name=Schwarz/><ref name="der-tiger">{{cite book |author=Mazak, V.|year=2004|title=''Der Tiger''|publisher=Westarp Wissenschaften Hohenwarsleben|location=Madgeburg|isbn=978-3-89432-759-0|language=de}}</ref> Gné tipicúil de bhlaoisc an tíogair Bhailí ná an cnámh cúlphlaice caol atá cosúil le blaosc an tíogar Iávach.<ref>{{cite journal |date=1978|title=Skin and Skull of the Bali Tiger, and a list of preserved specimens of ''Panthera tigris balica'' (Schwarz, 1912)|journal=[[Zeitschrift für Säugetierkunde]]|volume=43|issue=2|pages=108–113|author=Mazák, V.; Groves, C. P. & Van Bree, P.}}</ref> Tá an pobal seo díothaithe ó bhí na 1940idí ann.<ref name="Seidensticker1999">{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Riding the tiger : tiger conservation in human-dominated landscapes|url=http://archive.org/details/ridingtigertiger00unse|publisher=[London] : Zoological Society of London; Cambridge [England]; New York : Cambridge University Press|date=1999|coauthors=Better World Books|author=Seidensticker, J.; Christie, S. & Jackson, P.|pages=lgh. xv-xx}}</ref> | |[[File:Bali tiger zanveld.jpg|frameless]] |- style="vertical-align: top;" | [[Tíogar Sumatrach]] {{small|ainm déthéarmach ''P. t. sumatrae'' ([[Reginald Innes Pocock|Pocock]], 1929)}}<ref name=Pocock1929>{{cite journal |last=Pocock |first=R. I. |date=1929 |title=Tigers |journal=[[Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society]] |volume=33 |pages=505–541 |url=https://archive.org/details/journalofbomb33341929bomb/page/n185}}</ref> | Bhí fionnadh dorcha ar an chéad eiseamlár den tíogar seo arb as [[Sumatra]] dó.<ref name=Pocock1929/> Tá gruaig sách fada um aghaidh an tíogair Shumatraigh<ref name=Jackson1996/> agus tá stríoca tiubha coirp chomh maith le [[cnámh sróine]] níos leithne agus níos lú aige ná mar atá ag na tíogair oileáin eile.<ref name=mazak06/> | |[[File:Panthera tigris sumatrae (Sumatran Tiger) close-up.jpg|frameless]] |} === Éabhlóid === {{Cladogram|{{clade |label1=''[[Panthera]]'' |1={{clade |1={{clade |1=[[Liopard sneachta]] [[File:Schneeleoparden (Panthera uncia) Zoo Salzburg 2014 f white background.jpg|70px]] |2='''Tíogar''' [[File:Tigress in Bandhavgarh NP white background.jpg|70px]] }} |2={{clade |1=[[Iaguar]] [[File:Jaguar (Panthera onca palustris) male Three Brothers River white background.JPG|70px]] |label2=&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |2={{clade |1=[[Liopard]] [[File:Flickr - Rainbirder - Sassy Lassy white background.jpg|70px]] |2=[[Leon]] [[File:Panthera leo -Ngorongoro, Tanzania-8b white background.jpg|70px]] }} }} }} }}|align=right|caption=Fíligineacht an ghéinis ''Panthera'' bunaithe ar staidéar [[ADN núicléach]] ó 2016<ref name=Li_al2016>{{cite journal |date=2016 |title=Phylogenomic evidence for ancient hybridization in the genomes of living cats (Felidae) |journal=Genome Research |volume=26 |issue=1 |pages=1–11 |doi=10.1101/gr.186668.114 |pmid=26518481 |pmc=4691742|author=Li, G.; Davis, B. W.; Eizirik, E.; Murphy, W. J.}}</ref>}}Roinneann an tíogar an géineas ''Panthera'' leis an [[leon]], an [[liopard]], an [[iaguar]] agus an [[liopard sneachta]]. Léiríonn torthaí anailísí ginideacha gur [[comhspeiceas]] iad an tíogar agus an liopard sneachta agus gur scar a [[Ginealach|nginealaigh]] óna gcéile idir 2.70 agus 3.70 milliún bliain ó shin.<ref>{{cite journal |title=Supermatrix and species tree methods resolve phylogenetic relationships within the big cats, ''Panthera'' (Carnivora: Felidae)|url=https://archive.org/details/molecular-phylogenetics-and-evolution_2010-07_56_1/page/68|journal=Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution|year=2010|volume=56|issue=1|pages=64–76|pmid=20138224|doi=10.1016/j.ympev.2010.01.036|bibcode=2010MolPE..56...64D|author=Davis, B. W.; Li, G. & Murphy, W. J.}}</ref> Léiríonn seicheamhú géinte iomláin an tíogair [[Athsheicheamh|athsheichimh]] atá ar chomhthreomhar leo i ngéanóm na gcat eile.<ref>{{Cite journal |title=The tiger genome and comparative analysis with lion and snow leopard genomes|doi=10.1038/ncomms3433|pmid=24045858|pmc=3778509|journal=Nature Communications|volume=4|year=2013|bibcode=2013NatCo...4.2433C|author=Cho, Y. S.; Hu, L.; Hou, H.; Lee, H.; Xu, J.; Kwon, S.; Oh, S.; Kim, H. M.; Jho, S.; Kim, S.; Shin, Y. A.; Kim, B. C.; Kim, H.; Kim, C. U.; Luo, S. J.; Johnson, W. E.; Koepfli, K. P.; Schmidt-Küntzel, A.; Turner, J. A.; Marker, L.; Harper, C.; Miller, S. M.; Jacobs, W.; Bertola, L. D.; Kim, T. H.; Lee, S.; Zhou, Q.; Jung, H. J.; Xu, X. & Gadhvi, P.|pages=2443}}</ref> Rinneadh cur síos ar an speiceas iontaiseach ''[[Panthera palaeosinensis]]'' ón [[Pléisticéineach|Phléisticéineach]] luath i dtuaisceart na Síne mar shinsear féideartha tíogair nuair a aimsíodh é in 1924 ach creideann cláidistíocht an lae inniu go [[Bonnach (fíliginiteach)|bonnspeiceas]] é i gcomparáid le ''Panthera'' na linne seo.<ref name="Mazák">{{cite journal |year=2011|title=Oldest Known Pantherine Skull and Evolution of the Tiger|journal=PLOS ONE|volume=6|issue=10|doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0025483|pmid=22016768|bibcode=2011PLoSO...625483M|pmc=3189913|author=Mazák, J. H.; Christiansen, P. & Kitchener, A. C.|pages=25483}}</ref><ref name="Tseng">{{cite journal |date=2014|title=Himalayan fossils of the oldest known pantherine establish ancient origin of big cats|journal=Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences|volume=281|issue=1774|doi=10.1098/rspb.2013.2686|pmid=24225466|pmc=3843846|author=Tseng, Z. J.; Wang, X.; Slater, G. J.; Takeuchi, G. T.; Li, Q.; Liu, J. & Xie, G.}}</ref> Bhí ''[[Panthera zdanskyi]]'' ina chónaí ann thart ar an am agus an áit chéanna agus moladh gur comhspeiceas leis an tíogar reatha a bhí ann nuair a imscrúdaíodh é sa bhliain 2014.<ref name=Mazák/> Ó 2023 ar aghaidh, áfach, meastar gur comhchiallach é ''P. palaeosinensis'' de ''P. zdanskyi'' in dhá staidéar a rinneadh ina dhiaidh sin nuair a thug siad faoi deara go luíonn na difríochtaí atá aige ón speiceas sin laistigh de réimse na n-éagsúlachtaí indibhidiúla.<ref>{{cite journal |title=The identity of the "lion", ''Panthera principialis'' sp. nov., from the Pliocene Tanzanian site of Laetoli and its significance for molecular dating the pantherine phylogeny, with remarks on Panthera shawi (Broom, 1948), and a revision of Puma incurva (Ewer, 1956), the Early Pleistocene Swartkrans "leopard" (Carnivora, Felidae)|url=|journal=Palaeobiodiversity and Palaeoenvironments|year=2023|volume=103|issue=2|pages=465–487|doi=10.1007/s12549-022-00542-2|bibcode=2023PdPe..103..465H|author=Hemmer, Helmut}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|doi=10.1080/08912963.2022.2034808|title=Discovery of jaguar from northeastern China middle Pleistocene reveals an intercontinental dispersal event|date=2023|journal=Historical Biology|volume=35|issue=3|pages=293–302|bibcode=2023HBio...35..293J|author=Jiangzuo, Q.; Wang, Y.; Ge, J.; Liu, S.; Song, Y.; Jin, C.; Jiang, H. & Liu, J.}}</ref> Is iad blúirí géill a aimsíodh in [[Lantian County|Lantion]] na Síne an nochtadh is luaithe den tíogar reatha sa taifead iontaiseach a théann siar go dtí an Pléisticéineach luath.<ref name=Mazák/> Aimsíodh iontaisí tíogair ón Mheán- go dtí an Luathphléisticéineach fud fad na Síne, Iáva agus Sumatra. I measc na bhfospeiceas réamhstairiúil tá ''[[Panthera tigris trinilensis]]'' agus ''[[Panthera tigris soloensis|P. t. soloensis]]'' de bhunadh Iáva agus Sumatra agus ''[[Panthera tigris acutidens|P. t. acutidens]]'' de bhunadh na Síne; fuarthas iontaisí tíogair ón Phléisticéineach dhéanach agus ón [[An Sealad Holaicéineach|Luathholaicéineach]] i [[Boirneo|mBoirneo]] agus [[Palawan]] na [[Na hOileáin Fhilipíneacha|nOileán Filipíneach]].<ref name="Kitchener2009">Kitchener, A. & Yamaguchi, N. (2009). "What is a Tiger? Biogeography, Morphology, and Taxonomy" in {{harvnb|Tilson|Nyhus|2010|pp=|lgh=}}, lgh. 53–84</ref> Tuairiscítear go bhfuil samplaí den tíogar ón Phléisticéineach Mheán-dheánach a fuarthas sa [[An tSeapáin|tSeapáin]].<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=The Japanese Archipelago sheltered cave lions, not tigers, during the Late Pleistocene|url=https://pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.2523901123|journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences|date=2026-02-10|issn=0027-8424|pmc=12890994|pmid=41587328|volume=123|issue=6|doi=10.1073/pnas.2523901123|language=en|author=Xin Sun, Lanhui Peng, Takumi Tsutaya, Qigao Jiangzuo, Yoshikazu Hasegawa, Yuxin Hou, Yu Han, Yan Zhuang, Nuno Filipe Gomes Martins, Jazmin Ramos Madrigal, Alberto J. Taurozzi, Meaghan Mackie, Gaudry Trochė, Jesper V. Olsen, Enrico Cappellini, Stephen J. O’Brien, M. Thomas P. Gilbert, Nobuyuki Yamaguchi, Shu-Jin Luo}}</ref> Léiríonn torthaí staidéar [[fíleathíreolaíoch]] go bhfuil comhshinsear ag chuile speiceas tíogar beo a bhí beo idir 108,000 agus 72,000 bliain ó shin.<ref name="Luo04" /> Tugann staidéar géinte le fios gur chrap pobal an tíogair thart ar 115,000 bliain ó shin de bharr oighrithe. Síolraíonn pobal reatha na dtíogar ó [[Díseart|dhíseart]] a bhí san Ind-sín agus a leath ar fud na háise tar éis na [[An uasmhéid oighrithe deireanach|huasmhéide oighrithe deireanaí]]. De réir mar a chóilínigh siad oirthuaisceart na Síne, mheasc sinsir an tíogair Ind-sínigh le pobal iarmharach tíogar.<ref name=":4" /><ref name=":1" /> === Hibridí === ''Tuilleadh Eolais: [[Hibridí Feilideacha]] agus [[hibridí Panthera]]'' Is féidir le tíogair idirphórú le cait ''Panthera'' eile agus is amhlaidh atá déanta acu i ngéibheann. Is é an [[leogar]] toradh phóraithe an tíogair bhaininn agus an leoin fhirinn agus is é an [[tígleon]] toradh phóraithe an tíogair fhirinn agus an leoin bhaininn.<ref name="Gabryś">{{cite journal |year=|title=Interspecific hybrids of animals-in nature, breeding and science–a review|journal=Annals of Animal Science|volume=21|issue=2|pages=403–415|doi=10.2478/aoas-2020-0082|author=Gabryś, J.; Kij, B.; Kochan, J. & Bugno-Poniewierska, M.|date=2021|url=https://doi.org/10.2478%2Faoas-2020-0082}}</ref> Cuireann an t-athair leoin géin chur chun cinn an fháis ar aghaidh ach tá géin chomhfhreagrach srianta an fháis ón tíogar bhaineann in easnamh sa mhéad is go bhfásann leogair i bhfad níos mó ná ceachtar de speicis na dtuismitheoirí. Ní chuireann an tíogar fireann géin chur chun cinn an fháis ar aghaidh os a choinne sin cé go gcuireann an leon baineann géin srianta an fháis ar aghaidh; mar sin, bíonn tígleoin thart ar chomh mhéid lena dtuismitheoirí.<ref name="imprinting">{{Lua idirlín|teideal=Genomic Imprinting|url=https://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/epigenetics/imprinting/|dátarochtana=2025-12-01|language=en|foilsitheoir=Genetic Science Learning Center, Utah}}</ref> Toisc gur minic a fhorbraíonn siad éalanga ón bhroinn a mbaineann baol báis leo, glactar le pórú na hibridí mar nós neamheiticiúil.<ref name="Gabryś" /> == Cur síos == [[File:TigerSkelLyd1.png|thumb|left|Creatlach tíogair ó Royal Natural History Imleabhar 1 (1839)|alt=Drawing of tiger skeleton]] Tá morfeolaíocht fheilíneach thipiciúil ag an tíogar a bhfuil corp matánach, cosa giorraithe, géaga tosaigh láidre, lapaí tosaigh leathana, ceann mór agus eireaball atá thart ar leathfhad an choirp eile i bhfad aige.<ref name=":8">{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Panthera tigris|url=https://academic.oup.com/mspecies/article-lookup/doi/10.2307/3504004|journal=Mammalian Species|date=1981|pages=1-8|issue=152|doi=10.2307/3504004|author=Mazák, V.|bibcode=https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1981MamSp.152....1M|id=https://www.jstor.org/stable/3504004}}</ref>{{sfn|Sludskii|1992|p=98}} Tá cúig mhéar aige, [[drúchtchrobh]] ina measc sin, ar na cosa chun tosaigh agus ceithre cinn ar na cosa deiridh, a bhfuil crobha in-aistarraingthe atá fáiscthe agus cuartha ar féidir leo a bheith 10 cm i bhfad aige.<ref name=":8" />{{sfn|Thapar|2004|p=26}} Tá a chuid cluasa cruinn agus tá mac imrisc cruinn ar na súile.<ref name=":8" /> Críochnaíonn an smut i mbarr triantánach a bhfuil poncanna dubha beaga air dá mhéadaíonn a líon agus an tíogar ag dul in aois.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Combination of facial and nose features of Amur tigers to determine age|url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/1749-4877.12817|journal=Integrative Zoology|date=2025-01|issn=1749-4877|pages=186–198|volume=20|issue=1|doi=10.1111/1749-4877.12817|language=en|author=Caiping Zhao, Wenrui Dai, Qiang Liu, Dongqi Liu, Nathan James Roberts, Zhaoli Liu, Ming Gong, Hongkun Qiu, Changhai Liu, Dan Liu, Guangkai Ma, Guangshun Jiang}}</ref> Tá blaosc an tíogair scafánta le réigiún tosaigh teoranta le [[Logall súile|logaill súile]] éilipseacha atá beag go comhréireach, [[Cnámh sróine|cnámha sróine]] fada agus cráiniam fadaithe le [[moing saighdeach]] mór.{{sfn|Sludskii|1992|p=103}}<ref name=":8" /> Tá sé cosúil le blaosc an leoin ach tá difríocht ann idir an dá bhlaosc de bharr íochtar cuasach nó leacaithe an ghéill íochtair agus an tsrón atá níos faide.{{sfn|Sludskii|1992|p=103}}<ref name=":8" /> Tá thart ar 30 fiacail atá sách scafánta ag an tíogar agus tá a [[Starrfhiacail|starrfhiacla]] cuartha ar na cinn is faide i measc na gcat agus iad 6.4-7.6 cm (2.5-3.0 or).<ref name=":8" />{{sfn|Thapar|2004|p=25}} Tá fad cheann-choirp an tíogair idir 1.4-2.8 m (4 tr 7 or - 9 tr 2 or) le heireaball atá 0.6-1.1 m (2 tr 0 or - 3 tr 7 or) agus seasann sé 0.8-1.1 m (2 tr 7 or - 3 tr 7 or) ag an ghualainn.<ref name="Walker">{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Panthera tigris (tiger)|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=T37sFCl43E8C&pg=PA825|publisher=Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press|date=1999-07-29|language=en|author=Novak, R. M. & Walker, E. P|journal=Walker's Mammals of the World|issue=6|pages=825-828}}</ref> Is mó an tíogar Bheangál agus an tíogar Sumatrach de na speicis éagsúla.<ref name=":8" /> Meánn tíogair Bheangál fhireannacha idir 200-260 kg (440-570 lb), agus meánn na baineannaigh idir 100-160 kg (220-250 lb); is lú na tiogair oileánacha de na speicis éagsúla, is cosúil gur de bharr [[abhcacht oileánach]] atá sé.<ref name="Kitchener1999" /> Meánn tiogair Shumatracha fhireannacha idir 100-140 kg (220-310 lb) agus meánn na baineannaigh idir 75-110 kg (165-243 lb).<ref name=":9">Sunquist, M. (2010). "What is a Tiger? Ecology and Behaviour" in {{Harvnb|Tilson|Nyhus|2010|lgh=19/34}}, lgh. 19−34</ref> Meastar gurb é an tíogar an speiceas féilíneach beo is mó ar domhan; ach toisc go bhfuil difríocht mhór méide agus meáchain idir na pobail tíogar éagsúla, is féidir gur lú meánmheáchan an tíogair ná é an leoin, a fhad agus a bhíonn na tíogair is mo níos mó ná na leoin chosúla.<ref name="Kitchener2009" /> === Fionnadh === [[Íomhá:Tiger_Stripes_(29808869755).jpg|alt=Close up of a tiger's fur|mion|Fionnadh an tíogair Amúraigh ar a chliathán (taobh)]] Bíonn ribí gruaige gearra ar fhionnadh an tíogair de ghnáth, ar féidir a bheith chomh fada le 35 mm (1.4 or), ach is féidir le ribí gruaige an tíogair Amúraigh tuaisceart-chónaithigh fad de 105 mm (4.1 or) a shroicheadh. De ghnáth, is faide ribí gruaige an bhoilg ná iad na droma. Bíonn dlús a bhfionnaidh tanaí de ghnáth ach forbraíonn an tíogar Amúrach fionnadh geimhridh atá sách tiubh. Tá línte fionnaidh um aghaidh an tíogair agus guairí fada orthu, na fireannaigh ach go háirithe.<ref name=":8" /> Tá [[Dath ainmhithe|dath]] oráiste air a athraíonn ó scothbhuí go ruánach.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Tiger: the ultimate guide|publisher=CDS books in association with Two brothers press|date=2004|location=New York|author=Valmik Thapar|url=https://archive.org/details/tigerultimategui0000thap/mode/2up}}</ref> Clúdaíonn fionnadh bán an t-íochtar ó cheann go heireaball, thar dromchla istigh na gcos agus codanna den aghaidh.<ref name=":8" /><ref name=":6">{{Harvnb|Sludskii|1992|lgh=99-102}}, lgh. 99-102.</ref> Tá spota bán feiceálach ar chúl na gcluasa atá timpeallaithe le fionnadh dubh.<ref name=":8" /> Marcáiltear an tíogar le stríoca dubha nó dubhdhonna agus bíonn pátrún faoi leith ag chuile thíogar.<ref name=":8" /><ref name=":7">Miquelle, D. "Tiger" in {{Harvnb|MacDonald|2001}}, lgh. 18-21</ref> Bíonn na stríoca ingearach den chuid is mó ach amháin na cinn ar na géaga agus ar an chlár éadain a bhíonn cothrománach. Tá an chuid is mó díobh le feiceáil ar cúl agus is féidir leo ar an cholainn íochtar an bhoilg a shroicheadh. Go hiondúil, bíonn barr géar ar na stríoca agus is féidir leo scaradh óna chéile nó teacht le chéile arís eile. Is bandaí tiubha iad na stríoca eireabaill agus barrtar a dheireadh le dubh.<ref name=":6" /> Tá an tíogar ar cheann den bheagán speiceas cait a bhfuil stríoca orthu.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Why the leopard got its spots: relating pattern development to ecology in felids|url=https://royalsocietypublishing.org/rspb/article/278/1710/1373/73541/Why-the-leopard-got-its-spots-relating-pattern|journal=Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences|date=2011-05-07|issn=0962-8452|pmc=3061134|pmid=20961899|pages=1373–1380|volume=278|issue=1710|doi=10.1098/rspb.2010.1734|language=en|author=William L. Allen, Innes C. Cuthill, Nicholas E. Scott-Samuel, Roland Baddeley}}</ref> Tá stríoca ina mbuntáiste don [[Duaithníocht|nduaithníocht]] i bhfásra a bhfuil pátrúin ingearacha solais agus scátha iontu cosúil le crainnte, giolcaigh agus féir arda.<ref name=":7" /><ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=The Adaptive Significance of Coloration in Mammals|url=https://academic.oup.com/bioscience/article/55/2/125-136/221478|journal=BioScience|date=2005|issn=0006-3568|pages=125-136|volume=55|issue=2|doi=10.1641/0006-3568(2005)055[0125:TASOCI]2.0.CO;2|language=en|author=Tim Caro}}</ref> Tacaíonn staidéar [[anailís Fourier]] a léirigh go n-aontaíonn pátrúin stríoca na dtíogar lena dtimpeallacht leis an teoiric seo.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Zebra stripes and tiger stripes: the spatial frequency distribution of the pattern compared to that of the background is significant in display and crypsis|url=https://academic.oup.com/biolinnean/article-lookup/doi/10.1111/j.1095-8312.1987.tb00442.x|journal=Biological Journal of the Linnean Society|date=1987-12|pages=427–433|volume=32|issue=4|doi=10.1111/j.1095-8312.1987.tb00442.x|language=en|author=D. Godfrey, J. N. Lythgoe, D. A. Rumball}}</ref> Is féidir go gcabhraíonn a ndathú oráiste leo iad a cheilt fosta mar tá creach an tíogair [[Dathdhaille|dathdhall]], rud a chiallaíonn nach bhfeictear an tíogar ach mar rud glas eile laistigh den fhásra. <ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Optimizing colour for camouflage and visibility using deep learning: the effects of the environment and the observer's visual system|url=https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rsif.2019.0183|journal=Journal of The Royal Society Interface|date=2019-05|issn=1742-5689|pages=20190183|volume=16|issue=154|doi=10.1098/rsif.2019.0183|language=en|author=J. G. Fennell, L. Talas, R. J. Baddeley, I. C. Cuthill, N. E. Scott-Samuel}}</ref> ==== Éagsúlacht datha ==== [[Íomhá:White_tiger_Nandankanan.jpeg|alt=White tiger with thickened stripes lying down|mion|[[Tíogar bán]] bréag-mhéilineach]] Níl a leithéid de thrí [[Bithathraitheach datha|bhithathraitheach datha]] an tíogair Bheangál – sneachta-bhán an-neamhstríocach, bán agus órga – le fáil san fhiántas sa lá atá inniu ann mar gheall ar laghdú na bpobal fiáin tíogar ach faightear i bpobail i ngéibheann iad fós. Tá dath cúlra bán le stríoca [[séipia]]<nowiki/>dhonna ar an [[Tíogar bán|tíogar bhán]]. Tá dath bán-órga le stríoca ruadhonna ar an [[tíogar órga]]. Is morf le stríoca an-éadroma agus eireaball séipiadhonn-fháinneach é an tíogar sneachta-bhán. Is de thoradh [[tréith chúlaitheach uathshómach]] le [[Lócas (géinitic)|lócas]] bán agus lócas [[Géinitic fhionnaidh chait|leathanbhanda]] iad na morfaí bána agus órga faoi seach. Is de thoradh [[Polaigéin|polaigéinte]] le lócais bhána agus leathanbhanda é an bithathraitheach sneachta-bhán.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=The genetics of tiger pelage color variations|url=https://www.nature.com/articles/cr201732|journal=Cell Research|date=2017-07|issn=1001-0602|pmc=5518981|pmid=28281538|pages=954–957|volume=27|issue=7|doi=10.1038/cr.2017.32|language=en|author=Xiao Xu, Gui-Xin Dong, Anne Schmidt-Küntzel, Xue-Li Zhang, Yan Zhuang, Run Fang, Xin Sun, Xue-Song Hu, Tian-You Zhang, Han-Dong Yang, De-Lu Zhang, Laurie Marker, Zheng-Fan Jiang, Ruiqiang Li, Shu-Jin Luo}}</ref> Tá tógáil an tíogair bháin an-chonspóideach mar níl siad úsáideach ó thaobh an chaomhnaithe de. Níl na géinte don mhorf datha seo ach ag 0.001% de thíogair fhiáine agus is é an t-[[ionphórú]] is cúis le ró-ionadaíocht an tíogair bháin i ngéibheann. Mar sin, má leanann an t-ionphórú seo ar aghaidh, tá an baol ann gurb iad [[spealadh ionphóraithe]] agus caillteanas na [[Inathraitheacht géinte|hinathraitheachta géinte]] i dtíogair i ngéibheann an toradh a bheidh ann.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|author=Xavier, N.|date=2010|url=https://www.currentscience.ac.in/Volumes/99/07/0894.pdf|title=A new conservation policy needed for reintroduction of Bengal tiger-white|journal=Current Science|volume=99|issue=7|pages=894–895}}</ref> Tá taifid ann de thíogair bhréag-[[Méilineach|mhéilineacha]] le stríoca cónascaithe i [[Páirc Náisiúnta Simlipal|bPáirc Náisiúnta Simlipal]] agus i dtrí zú Indiacha; léirigh anailís [[Géineolaíocht phobail|géineolaíochta pobail]] de shamplaí tíogar Indiach go bhfaightear an [[Feinitíopa|féinitíopa]] seo mar thoradh ar [[Sóchán|shócháin]] ghéin [[aimínipeiptíodáis]] [[Próitéin thras-scannáin|thras-scannáin]]. Tá an gné seo ag 37% de phobal tíogair Shimlipal, rud a nasctar le [[leithlisiú géiniteach]].<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=High frequency of an otherwise rare phenotype in a small and isolated tiger population|url=https://pnas.org/doi/full/10.1073/pnas.2025273118|journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences|date=2021-09-28|issn=0027-8424|pmc=8488692|pmid=34518374|volume=118|issue=39|doi=10.1073/pnas.2025273118|language=en|author=Vinay Sagar, Christopher B. Kaelin, Meghana Natesh, P. Anuradha Reddy, Rajesh K. Mohapatra, Himanshu Chhattani, Prachi Thatte, Srinivas Vaidyanathan, Suvankar Biswas, Supriya Bhatt, Shashi Paul, Yadavendradev V. Jhala, Mayank M. Verma, Bivash Pandav, Samrat Mondol, Gregory S. Barsh, Debabrata Swain, Uma Ramakrishnan}}</ref> == Dáileadh agus gnáthóg == [[Íomhá:Tigress_Anna_Savelevna_01.jpg|alt=Picture of tiger in forest at night|mion|Gaiste ceamara de thíogar Amúrach sa Rúis]] Bhíodh cead a chosa ag an tíogar go stairiúil agus cónaí air ó oirthear na Tuirce, tuaisceart na hIaráine agus an Afganastáin go dtí an Áise Láir agus ón Phacastáin thuaidh trí [[Fo-ilchríoch na hIndia|fho-ilchríoch na hIndia]] agus an Ind-Sín go hoirdheisceart na Sibéire, Sumatra, Iáva agus Bailí.<ref name=":8" /> Faoin bhliain 2022, ní raibh sé le fáil ach laistigh de 7% dá limistéar dáilte stairiúil agus bhí raon briste aige i bhfo-ilchríoch na hIndia, [[An Ind-Sín|leithinis na hInd-Síne]], Sumatra, oirthuaisceart na Síne agus [[Cianoirthear na Rúise]].<ref name=":3" /> Faoin bhliain 2020, bhí an t-achar is mó den ghnáthóg tíogair dhomhanda ag an India le 300,508 km² (116,027 mi²) á leanúint ag an Rúis le 195,819 km² (75,606 mi²).<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Range-wide trends in tiger conservation landscapes, 2001 - 2020|url=https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcosc.2023.1191280/full|journal=Frontiers in Conservation Science|date=2023|issn=2673-611X|volume=4|doi=10.3389/fcosc.2023.1191280|author=Sanderson, E. W.; Miquelle, D. G.; Fisher, K.; Harihar, A.; Clark, C.; Moy, J.; Potapov, P.; Robinson, N.; Royte, L.; Sampson, D.; Sanderlin, J.; Yackulic, C. B.; Belecky, M.; Breitenmoser, U.; Breitenmoser-Würsten, C.; Chanchani, P.; Chapman, S.; Deomurari, A.; Duangchantrasiri, S.; Facchini, E.; Gray, T. N. E.; Goodrich, J.; Hunter, L.; Linkie, M.; Marthy, W.; Rasphone, A.; Roy, S.; Sittibal, D.; Tempa, T.; Umponjan, M. & Wood, K.}}</ref> Tá cónaí ar an tíogar i ngnáthóga foraoise den chuid is mó agus is ainmhí an-sholúbtha é.<ref name=":9" /> Léiríonn taifid ón Áise Láir gur chuir sé faoi i bhforaoisí abhann [[Tugay]] agus foraoisí cnoic agus ísilchríche sa [[Réigiún Chugais|Chugais]].<ref>{{Harvnb|Sludskii|1992}}, lgh.&#x20;108–112</ref> I réigiún [[Amur (abhainn)|Amur-Ussuri]] na Rúise agus na Síne, cuireann sé faoi i [[Péine Chóiréach|bpéine Chóiréach]] agus i [[Foraois leathanduilleach agus mheasctha mheasartha|bhforaoisí leathanduilleacha agus measctha measartha]]; feidhmíonn [[Foraois abhann|foraoisí abhann]] mar phasáistí [[Scaipeadh bitheolaíoch|scaipthe]] a chuireann bia agus uisce ar fáil do thíogair agus a gcreach mar aon.<ref>Miquelle, D. G.; Smirnov, E. N.; Merrill, T. W.; Myslenkov, A. E.; Quigley, H.; Hornocker, M. G. & Schleyer, B. (1999). "Hierarchical spatial analysis of Amur tiger relationships to habitat and prey" in {{Harvnb|Seidenstecker|Christie|Jackson|1999}}, lgh. 71-99</ref> Faightear i [[Foraois leathanduilleach thais thrópaiceach agus fhothrópaiceach|bhforaoisí leathanduilleacha taise trópaiceacha agus fo-thrópaiceacha]], foraoisí leathanduilleacha agus measctha measartha, [[Foraois shíorghlasa thais thrópaiceach|foraoisí síorghlasa taise trópaiceacha]], [[Foraois thirim thrópaiceach|foraoisí tirime trópaiceacha]], [[Má thuiltrí|mánna tuiltrí]] agus sna [[Foraois mhangróbh|foraoisí mangróbh]] sna [[Sundarbans]] é go príomhá ar fho-ilchríoch na hIndia.<ref>Wikramanayake, E. D.; Dinerstein, E.; Robinson, J. G.; Karanth, K. U.; Rabinowitz, A.; Olson, D.; Mathew, T.; Hedao, P.; Connor, M.; Hemley, G. & Bolze, D. (1999). "Where can tigers live in the future? A framework for identifying high-priority areas for the conservation of tigers in the wild" in {{harvnb|Seidensticker|Christie|Jackson|1999}}, lgh. 265-267</ref> In [[Oirthear na Himiléithe]], taifeadadh i [[Foraois mheasartha|bhforaoisí measartha]] sa [[An Bhútáin|Bhútáin]] é ar airde de 4,200 m (13,800 tr), agus in oirdheaisceart na [[An Tibéid|Tibéide]] sna [[Cnoic Mishmi]] ar airde de 3,630 m (11,910 tr) agus i [[Contae Mêdog|gContae Mêdog]] ar airde de 3,139 m (10,299 tr).<ref>Jigme, K. & Tharchen, L. (2012). "Camera-trap records of tigers at high altitudes in Bhutan". ''Cat News'' (56): 14–15.</ref><ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=First photographic record of tiger presence at higher elevations of the Mishmi Hills in the Eastern Himalayan Biodiversity Hotspot, Arunachal Pradesh, India|url=https://threatenedtaxa.org/index.php/JoTT/article/view/4381|journal=Journal of Threatened Taxa|date=2018|issn=0974-7907|pages=12833–12836|volume=10|issue=13|doi=10.11609/jott.4381.10.13.12833-12836|author=Adhikarimayum, A. S. & Gopi, G. V.}}</ref><ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Tiger reappearance in Medog highlights the conservation values of the region for this apex predator|url=https://www.zoores.ac.cn/en/article/doi/10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2023.178|journal=Zoological Research|date=2023|issn=2095-8137|pmc=10415778|pmid=37464931|pages=747–749|volume=44|issue=4|doi=10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2023.178|language=en|author=Li, X. Y.; Hu, W. Q.; Wang, H. J. & Jiang, X. L.}}</ref> Cuireann sé faoi i bhforaoisí [[duillsilteach]] agus [[Planda síorghlas|síorghlasa]] sa Téalainn.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=How many tigers Panthera tigris are there in Huai Kha Khaeng Wildlife Sanctuary, Thailand? An estimate using photographic capture-recapture sampling|url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0030605307414107/type/journal_article|journal=Oryx|date=2007|issn=0030-6053|pages=447–453|volume=41|issue=4|doi=10.1017/S0030605307414107|language=en|author=Simcharoen, S.; Pattanavibool, A.; Karanth, K. U.; Nichols, J. D. & Kumar, N. S.}}</ref> In Sumatra, faightear i [[Foraois sheascainn mhóna|bhforaoisí seascainn móna]] ilchríche agus i [[Foraois Montane|bhforaoisí Montane]] garbha.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Population Status of a Cryptic Top Predator: An Island-Wide Assessment of Tigers in Sumatran Rainforests|url=https://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0025931|journal=PLoS ONE|date=2011|issn=1932-6203|pmc=3206793|pmid=22087218|pages=e25931|volume=6|issue=11|doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0025931|language=en|author=Wibisono, H. T.; Linkie, M.; Guillera-Arroita, G.; Smith, J. A.; Sunarto; Pusarini, W.; Asriadi; Baroto, P.; Brickle, N.; Dinata, Y.; Gemita, E.; Gunaryadi, D.; Haidir, I. A. & Herwansyah}}</ref> === Dlús pobail === Nocht [[Gaiste ceamara|gaistí ceamara]] le linn 2010-2015 i bhforaois dhuillsilteach agus phéine fho-thrópaiceach na [[Páirc Náisiúnta Jim Corbett|Páirce Náisiúnta Jim Corbett]] i dtuaisceart na hIndia go bhfuil [[Dlús daonra|dlús phobail]] tíogair seasmhach de 12-17 indibhidiúil in aghaidh gach 100 km² (39 mi²) laistigh de limistéar 521 km² (201 mi²).<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Demography of a high‐density tiger population and its implications for tiger recovery|url=https://besjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/1365-2664.13410|journal=Journal of Applied Ecology|date=2019|issn=0021-8901|pages=1725–1740|volume=56|issue=7|doi=10.1111/1365-2664.13410|language=en|author=Bisht, S.; Banerjee, S.; Qureshi, Q. & Jhala, Y.}}</ref> I dtuaisceart Mhaenmar, measadh dlús phobail tíogair sa limistéar samplála, a raibh thart ar 3,250 km² (1,250 mi²) d'fhoraois leathanduilleach thrópaiceach agus féarthalamh ann, a bheith idir 0.21–0.44 tíogair in aghaidh gach 100 km² (39 mi²) faoin bhliain 2009.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Estimating abundance with sparse data: tigers in northern Myanmar|url=https://esj-journals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1007/s10144-008-0093-5|journal=Population Ecology|date=2009|issn=1438-3896|pages=115–121|volume=51|issue=1|doi=10.1007/s10144-008-0093-5|language=en|author=Lynam, A. J.; Rabinowitz, A.; Myint, T.; Maung, M.; Latt, K. T. & Po, S. H. T.}}</ref> Measadh go bhfuil an dlús phobail i bhforaoisí leath-shíorghlasa agus duillsilteacha measctha [[Anaclann Fiadhúlra Huai Kha Khaeng]] na Téalainne thart ar 2.01 tíogair in aghaidh gach 100 km² (39 mi²); le linn na 1970idí agus 1980idí, tharla [[lománaíocht]] agus póitseáil sna [[Páirc Náisiúnta Mae Wong|Páirceanna Náisiúnta Mae Wong]] agus [[Páirc Náisiúnta Khlong Lan|Khlong Lan]] in aice láimhe, áit a measadh an dlús phobail a bheith i bhfad níos ísle, gan ach 0.359 tíogair in aghaidh gach 100 km² (39 mi²) faoin bhliain 2016.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Tiger density, movements, and immigration outside of a tiger source site in Thailand|url=https://conbio.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/csp2.560|journal=Conservation Science and Practice|date=2021|issn=2578-4854|volume=3|issue=12|doi=10.1111/csp2.560|language=en|author=Phumanee, W.; Steinmetz, R.; Phoonjampa, R.; Weingdow, S.; Phokamanee, S.; Bhumpakphan, N. & Savini, T.}}</ref> Measadh an dlús phobail i bhforaoisí [[Dipterocarpaceae|dipterocarp]] agus montane i dtuaisceart na Malaeise a bheith thart ar 1.47–2.43 tíogair fhásta in aghaidh gach 100 km² (39 mi²) i bPáirc Stáit Belum Ríoga, ach 0.3–0.92 tíogair fhásta a bheith ann in aghaidh gach 100 km² (39 mi²) in [[Anaclann Foraoise Temengor]], áit atá gan chosaint a mbíonn lománaíocht ar siúl [[Lománaíocht roghnaitheach|ar bhonn roghnaitheach]].<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Conserving tigers in Malaysia: A science-driven approach for eliciting conservation policy change|url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0006320714005035|journal=Biological Conservation|date=2015|pages=18–26|volume=184|doi=10.1016/j.biocon.2014.12.024|language=en|author=Rayan, D. M. & Linkie, M.}}</ref> == Iompar agus éiceolaíocht == [[Íomhá:Tigerwater_edit2.jpg|alt=Tiger in water|mion|Tíogar ag folcadh]] Léiríonn sonraí ghaistí ceamara go seachnaíonn tíogair i [[Páirc Náisiúnta Chitwan|bPáirc Náisiúnta Chitwan]] áiteanna a ghnáthaíonn daoine agus gur gníomhaí a bhíonn siad san oíche ná sa ló.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Coexistence between wildlife and humans at fine spatial scales|url=https://pnas.org/doi/full/10.1073/pnas.1210490109|journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences|date=2012|issn=0027-8424|pmc=3458348|pmid=22949642|pages=15360–15365|volume=109|issue=38|doi=10.1073/pnas.1210490109|language=en|author=Carter, N. H.; Shrestha, B. K.; Karki, J. B.; Pradhan, N. M. B. & Liu, J.}}</ref> Ba ghníomhaí sé thíogar a raibh coiléir raidió orthu ó bhreacadh an lae go dtí go luath ar maidin agus a mbuaic á sroicheadh thart ar a 7:00 a chlog ar maidin i [[Páirc Náisiúnta Sundarbans|bPáirc Náisiúnta Sundarbans]]. <ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Ranging, Activity and Habitat Use by Tigers in the Mangrove Forests of the Sundarban|url=https://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0152119|journal=PLOS ONE|date=2016|issn=1932-6203|pmc=4822765|pmid=27049644|pages=e0152119|volume=11|issue=4|doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0152119|language=en|author=Naha, D.; Jhala, Y. V.; Qureshi, Q.; Roy, M.; Sankar, K. & Gopal, R.}}</ref> Nocht suirbhé gaiste ceamara trí bliana i bhfad i [[Páirc Náisiúnta Shuklaphanta|bPáirc Náisiúnta Shuklaphanta]] gur ghníomhaí na tíogair ó chrónú go dtí lár na hoíche.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Coexisting large carnivores: spatial relationships of tigers and leopards and their prey in a prey-rich area in lowland Nepal|url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/11956860.2018.1491512|journal=Écoscience|date=2019|issn=1195-6860|pages=1–9|volume=26|issue=1|doi=10.1080/11956860.2018.1491512|language=en|author=Pokheral, C. P. & Wegge, P.}}</ref> In oirthuaisceart na Síne, bhí tíogair ina [[Ainmhí clapsholais|n-ainmhithe clapsholais]] agus iad gníomhach le linn na hóiche agus a gcuid gníomhaíochtaí ag baint a mbuaic amach ar bhreacadh an lae agus ar chrónú na hoíche; bhíodar gníomhach ag nach mór an t-am céanna agus a bhí a gcuid creiche.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Do prey availability, human disturbance and habitat structure drive the daily activity patterns of Amur tigers ( Panthera tigris altaica )?|url=https://zslpublications.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jzo.12622|journal=Journal of Zoology|date=2019|issn=0952-8369|pages=131–140|volume=307|issue=2|doi=10.1111/jzo.12622|language=en|author=H. Yang, S. Han, B. Xie, P. Mou, X. Kou, T. Wang, J. Ge, L. Feng}}</ref> Is snámhaí cumhachtach é an tíogar a théann trasna aibhneacha atá chomh leathan le 8 km (5.0 mi) go héasca; tumann sé é féin san uisce ar laethanta teo ach go háirithe.<ref name=":7" /> Go ginearálta, níl a scileanna dreaptha crainn chomh cumasach agus atáthar i gcait eile de bharr a mhéide, ach déanann coileáin faoi 16 mhí amhlaidh go rialta.<ref>{{Harvnb|Thapar|2004}}, lgh. 26, 64–66</ref> Taifeadadh tíogar fásta ar dhreapadh dhó 10 m (33 tr) suas [[crann pipal]] mín.<ref name=":8" /> === Scaradh sóisialta === Maireann tíogair fhásta saolta aonaracha laistigh dá [[Raon baile (ainmhí)|raonta baile]] nó dá [[Dúiche (ainmhí)|ndúichí]] den chuid is mó, dá bhraitheann a méid ar fhlúirse a gcreiche, ar na láithreacha tíreolaíocha agus ar ghnéas na hindibhide féin. Cosaíonn fireannaigh agus baineannaigh a raonta baile ar thíogair an ghnéis chéanna agus cuimsíonn raon baile na bhfireannach iad roinnt baineannach mar aon.<ref name=":8" /><ref name=":7" /> Bhí raonta baile de 10.6 agus 14.1 km² (4.1 agus 5.4 mi²) ag dhá bhaineannach sna [[Sundarbans]].<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Female tiger Panthera tigris home range size in the Bangladesh Sundarbans: the value of this mangrove ecosystem for the species’ conservation|url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0030605310001456/type/journal_article|journal=Oryx|date=2011|issn=0030-6053|pages=125–128|volume=45|issue=1|doi=10.1017/S0030605310001456|language=en|author=Barlow, A. C. D.; Smith, J. L. D.; Ahmad, I. U.; Hossain, A. N. M.; Rahman, M. & Howlader, A.}}</ref> D'athraigh raonta baile cúig bhaineannach athbhunaithe in [[Anaclann Tíogair Panna]] ó 53–67 km² (20–26 mi²) sa gheimhreadh go 55–60 km² (21–23 mi²) sa tsamhradh agus 46–94 km² (18–36 mi²) le linn an [[Monsún|mhonsúin]]; bhí raonta baile móra 84–147 km² (32–57 mi²) ag trí fhireannach sa gheimhreadh, 82–98 km² (32–38 mi²) sa tsamhradh agus 81–118 km² (31–46 mi²) le linn shéasúir an mhonsúin.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Movement and home range characteristics of reintroduced tiger (Panthera tigris) population in Panna Tiger Reserve, central India|url=http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10344-016-1026-9|journal=European Journal of Wildlife Research|date=2016|issn=1612-4642|pages=537–547|volume=62|issue=5|doi=10.1007/s10344-016-1026-9|language=en|author=Sarkar, M. S.; Ramesh, K.; Johnson, J. A.; Sen, S.; Nigam, P.; Gupta, S. K.; Murthy, R. S. & Saha, G. K.}}</ref> I [[Tearmann Bithsféir Sikhote-Alin|dTearmann Bithsféir Sikhote-Alin]], bhí raonta baile de 248–520 km² (96–201 mi²) ag 14 baineannach agus de 847–1,923 km² (327–742 mi²) ag cúig fhireannach a chuimsigh raonta baile chúig bhaineannach ar an uasmhéid.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Spatial structure of Amur (Siberian) tigers ( Panthera tigris altaica ) on Sikhote-Alin Biosphere Zapovednik, Russia|url=https://academic.oup.com/jmammal/article-lookup/doi/10.1644/09-MAMM-A-293.1|journal=Journal of Mammalogy|date=2010|issn=0022-2372|pages=737–748|volume=91|issue=3|doi=10.1644/09-MAMM-A-293.1|language=en|author=Goodrich, J. M.; Miquelle, D. G.; Smirnov, E. M.; Kerley, L. L.; Quigley, H. B. & Hornocker, M. G.}}</ref> Nuair a bhíodh coileáin de cheithre mhí d'aois ag tíogair bhaineanna sa tearmann chéanna, laghdóidís a raonta baile ionas go bhféadfaidís fanacht i ngar dá n-óga agus d'ardóidís a raonta baile de réir a chéile go dtí go mbeadh a n-óga 13–18 mí d'aois.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=The influence of reproductive status on home range size and spatial dynamics of female Amur tigers|url=http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s13364-020-00547-2|journal=Mammal Research|date=2021|issn=2199-2401|pages=83–94|volume=66|issue=1|doi=10.1007/s13364-020-00547-2|language=en|author=Klevtcova, A. V.; Miquelle, D. G.; Seryodkin, I. V.; Bragina, E. V.; Soutyrina, S. V. & Goodrich, J. M.}}</ref> {{fráma íomhá|caption=[[Tíogar Bheangál|Tíogair Bheangál]] ag spraeáil múin (thuas) agus ag cuimilt de chrann chun a dhúiche a mharcáil|content={{CSS image crop |Image = Tiger spray marking. DavidRaju 1.jpg |bSize = 300 |cWidth = 150 |cHeight = 150 |oTop = 30 |oLeft = 30 }}{{CSS image crop |Image = Bijili (A tiger in Ranthambore National Park, 2016) 1.jpg |bSize = 150 |cWidth = 150 |cHeight = 150 |oTop = 30 |oLeft = 0 }}|width=150}} Is speiceas é an tíogar a théann ar rith i bhfad i gcéin agus a scaipeann thar fhaid suas le 650 km (400 mi) chun pobail tíogair in áiteanna eile a bhaint amach.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Connectivity of Tiger (Panthera tigris) Populations in the Human-Influenced Forest Mosaic of Central India|url=https://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0077980|journal=PLoS ONE|date=2013|issn=1932-6203|pmc=3819329|pmid=24223132|pages=e77980|volume=8|issue=11|doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0077980|language=en|author=Joshi, A.; Vaidyanathan, S.; Mondol, S.; Edgaonkar, A. & Ramakrishnan, U.}}</ref> Socraíonn tíogair bhaineanna óga a gcéad raonta baile i ngar dóibh a máithreacha ach déanann na tíogair fhireanna imirce níos faide amach ná a macasamhail bhaineann.<ref name=":10">{{Harvnb|Thapar|2004}}, lch. 76.</ref> Scaip ceithre thíogar baineanna a raibh [[Coiléar raidió|coiléir raidió]] orthu amach idir 0 agus 43.2 km (0.0 agus 26.8 mi) agus 10 dtíogar fireanna idir 9.5 agus 65.7 km (5.9 agus 40.8 mi) i bPáirc Náisiúnta Chitwan.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=The Role of Dispersal in Structuring the Chitwan Tiger Population|url=https://brill.com/view/journals/beh/124/3-4/article-p165_1.xml|journal=Behaviour|date=1993|issn=0005-7959|pages=165–195|volume=124|issue=3-4|doi=10.1163/156853993X00560|author=Smith, J. L. D.}}</ref> Cónaíonn fo-aosach fireann mar fhánaí i raon baile thíogair fhirinn eile go dtí go bhfuil sé níos sine agus láidir go leor chun dúshlán an fhireannaigh chónaithigh a thabhairt.<ref name=":10" /><ref>{{Harvnb|Mills|2004}}, lgh. 54–55. </ref> Marcálann tíogair a raonta baile trí [[Spraeáil múin|mhún a spraeáil]] ar fhásra agus chlocha, crúbáil nó [[cuimilt bholaidh]] a dhéanamh ar chrainnte agus conair a mharcáil le [[faecas]], táil [[Faireog tóna|fhaireog tóna]] agus scrabhanna talúna.<ref name=":7" /><ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Chemical Characterization of Territorial Marking Fluid of Male Bengal Tiger, Panthera tigris|url=http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10886-008-9462-y|journal=Journal of Chemical Ecology|date=2008|issn=0098-0331|pages=659–671|volume=34|issue=5|doi=10.1007/s10886-008-9462-y|language=en|author=Burger, B. V.; Viviers, M. Z.; Bekker, J. P. I.; Roux, M.; Fish, N.; Fourie, W. B. & Weibchen, G.}}</ref><ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Scent marking in free-ranging tigers,Panthera tigris|url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0003347289900018|journal=Animal Behaviour|date=1989|pages=1–10|volume=37|doi=10.1016/0003-3472(89)90001-8|language=en|author=Smith, J. L. D.; McDougal, C. & Miquelle, D.}}</ref><ref>{{Harvnb|Thapar|2004}}, lch. 105.</ref> Ligeann cuimilt bholaidh d'indibhid eolas a fháil amach faoi aitheantas tíogair eile. Is minic a ghlactar seilbh ar raonta baile a fhágtar gan úinéir laistigh de laethanta nó de sheachtainí, go háirithe nuair a fhaigheann an t‑úinéir bás.<ref name=":7" /> Bíonn tíogair bhaineanna níos fulangaí i leith bhaineannaigh eile laistigh dá raonta baile ná mar a bhíonn tíogair fhireann do fhireannaigh eile, ós rud é nach mbíonn fireannaigh caoinfhulangach de ghnáth. Réitítear aighnis trí imeaglú seachas trí throid go hiondúil. Mar sin féin, féadfaidh fireannach glacadh le híochtarán ina raon nuair a bhíonn [[Ceannasacht|an lámh in uachtar]] aige, fad nach dtagann an t-íochtaran róghar dó. Baineann na haighnis is fíochmhaire le dhá thíogar fireanna atá in iomaíocht lena chéile nuair atá baineannach in [[éastras]] sa cheantar.<ref>{{Harvnb|Mills|2004}}, lgh. 85–86.</ref> Bíonn tíogair níos sóisialta timpeall ar chreach nó ag conablach creiche. Roinnfidh tíogar fireann conablach leis na baineannaigh agus na coileáin laistigh dá raon baile uaireanta agus, murab ionann agus leoin fhireanna, ligfidh sé dóibh beathú sula gcríochnaíonn sé féin ag ithe. Mar sin féin, bíonn baineannaigh níos teannasaí nuair a bhuaileann siad le baineannaigh eile ag conablach creiche.<ref>{{Harvnb|Schaller|1967}}, lgh. 244–251.</ref><ref>{{Harvnb|Mills|2004}}, lch. 89.</ref> === Cumarsáid === Le linn teagmhálacha cairdiúla agus chun ceangail shóisialta a neartú, [[Bunting (iompar ainmhí)|cuimlíonn tíogair a gcoirp]] in aghaidh a chéile.<ref>{{Harvnb|Schaller|1967}}, lgh. 262–263.</ref> Áirítear ar a ngothaí gnúise an "bagairt chosanta", ina mbíonn an aghaidh rocach, na fiacla nochtaithe, na cluasa tarraingthe siar agus na mic imrisc méadaithe.<ref>{{Harvnb|Schaller|1967}}, lch. 263.</ref><ref name=":8" /> Taispeánann fireannaigh agus baineannaigh araon [[freagairt flehmen]], gruaim shainiúil ina gcuirtear strainc ar na liopaí, nuair a bholann siad marcálacha fuail. Úsáideann fireannaigh an fhreagairt flehmen chun marcálacha a fhágann tíogair bhaineanna atá in éastras a bhrath.<ref name=":8" /> Bogann tíogair a gcuid cluasa chun na spotaí bána atá ar a gcúl a thaispeáint, go háirithe le linn teagmhálacha ionsaitheacha agus idir máithreacha agus coileáin.<ref name=":11">{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Tiger Panthera tigris (Linnaeus, 1758)|publisher=University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-77999-7.|date=2002|location=Chicago|author=Sunquist, M. E. & Sunquist, F.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IF8nDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA320|journal=Wild Cats of the World|pages=343–372}}</ref> Úsáideann siad a n-eireabaill chomh maith chun a ngiúmar a chur in iúl. Chun croíúlacht a thaispeáint, cuirtear an t‑eireaball ag gobadh aníos agus luascann sé go mall. Nuair a bhíonn tíogar imníoch nó aireach, íslíonn sé a eireaball nó luascann sé ó thaobh go taobh é. Nuair atá sé socair, crochtar an t‑eireaball go híseal.<ref>{{Harvnb|Thapar|2004}}, lch. 29.</ref> De ghnáth bíonn tíogair ciúin, ach tá siad in ann réimse leathan glórtha a dhéanamh.<ref>{{Harvnb|Schaller|1967}}, lch. 256.</ref><ref>{{Harvnb|Thapar|2004}}, lch. 99.</ref> Ligeann siad búir astu chun a láithreacht a chur in iúl do thíogair eile thar achair fhada. Brúitear an fhuaim seo amach trí bhéal oscailte agus é ag dúnadh, agus is féidir í a chloisteáil suas le 3 km (1.9 mi) ar shiúl. Ligeann siad búir astu cúpla uair i ndiaidh a chéile agus freagraíonn tíogair eile ar an bhealach chéanna. Ligeann siad búir astu le linn cúplála fosta agus úsáidfidh máthair búir chun glaoch ar a coileáin. Nuair a bhíonn teannas orthu, ligeann tíogair sian astu, fuaim atá cosúil le búir ach atá níos boige agus a dhéantar nuair atá an béal dúnta go páirteach ar a laghad. Is féidir an sian seo a chloisteáil suas le 400 m (1,300 tr) ar shiúl.<ref name=":8" /><ref>{{Harvnb|Schaller|1967}}, lgh. 258–261.</ref> Le linn teagmhálacha ionsaitheacha, cloistear [[drantán]], [[Drannadh|drannach]] agus siosadh.<ref name=":12">{{Harvnb|Schaller|1967}}, lch. 261.</ref> Scaoiltear "búir chasachtach" nó "drannadh casachtach" amach trí bhéal oscailte agus fiacla nochtaithe.<ref name=":8" /><ref name=":12" /><ref name=":11" /> I gcúinsí níos cairdiúla, déanann tíogair ''[[prusten]]'', fuaim shéimh shrannach ísealmhinicíochta atá cosúil le [[crónán]] na gcat beag.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|author=Peters, G. & Tonkin-Leyhausen, B. A.|date=1999|title=Evolution of acoustic communication signals of mammals: Friendly close-range vocalizations in Felidae (Carnivora)|journal=Journal of Mammalian Evolution|volume=6|issue=2|doi=10.1023/A:1020620121416|pages=129–159|location=|publisher=S2CID 25252052}}</ref> Déanann máithreacha cumarsáid lena gcoileáin trí ghnúsacht, agus freagraíonn na coileáin le [[meamhlach]].<ref>{{Harvnb|Schaller|1967}}, lgh. 257–258.</ref> Nuair a bhaintear geit astu, déanann siad fuaim ghearr cosúil le "bhuf". Déanann siad fuaim "pok" mar a bheadh fia ann, ar chúiseanna nach bhfuil soiléir; is minice a chloistear í ag conablaigh chreiche, áfach.<ref>{{Harvnb|Schaller|1967}}, lgh. 256–258.</ref><ref>{{Harvnb|Mills|2004}}, lch. 62.</ref><gallery mode="packed" heights="150px"> Íomhá:Panthera_tigris_altaica_28_-_Buffalo_Zoo_(1).jpg|alt=Image of tiger barring teeth|Tíogar Amúrach ag nochtadh a chuid fiacla mar chomhartha ionsaitheachta Íomhá:Sumatran_tiger_(Panthera_tigris_sumatrae)_vocalising.webm|alt=Video of tiger roaring at a zoo|[[Tíogar Sumatrach]] i ngéibheann ag búireadh Íomhá:439280_schots_angry-tiger.wav|Tíogar i gcás ag drantú agus ag drannadh </gallery> === Seilg agus aiste bia === [[Íomhá:RANTHAMBORE_TIGER_RESERVE.jpg|alt=Tiger attacking a sambar deer from behind, pulling on its back|mion|Tíogar Bheangál ag ionsaí [[fia sambar]] in [[Anaclann Tíogair Ranthambore]]]] The tiger is a [[carnivore]] and an [[apex predator]]. [[Abundance (ecology)|Abundance]] and body weight of prey species are assumed to be the main criteria for the tiger's prey selection, both inside and outside protected areas.<ref>{{cite journal|author1=Biswas, S.|name-list-style=amp|author2=Kumar, S.|author3=Bandhopadhyay, M.|author4=Patel, S. K.|author5=Lyngdoh, S.|author6=Pandav, B.|author7=Mondol, S.|year=2023|title=What drives prey selection? Assessment of Tiger (''Panthera tigris'') food habits across the Terai-Arc Landscape, India|journal=Journal of Mammalogy|volume=104|issue=6|pages=1302–1316|doi=10.1093/jmammal/gyad069}}</ref> It feeds mainly on large and medium-sized [[Ungulate|hooved mammals]] such as [[sambar deer]], [[Manchurian wapiti]], [[barasingha]], [[gaur]] and [[wild boar]].<!--Please do not add any more species to this sentence.--><ref name="Hayward">{{cite journal|last1=Hayward|first1=M. W.|last2=Jędrzejewski|first2=W.|last3=Jędrzejewska|first3=B.|year=2012|title=Prey preferences of the tiger ''Panthera tigris''|journal=Journal of Zoology|volume=286|issue=3|pages=221–231|doi=10.1111/j.1469-7998.2011.00871.x|name-list-style=amp}}</ref><ref name="Steinmetz_al2021">{{cite journal|author1=Steinmetz, R.|name-list-style=amp|author2=Seuaturien, N.|author3=Intanajitjuy, P.|author4=Inrueang, P.|author5=Prempree, K.|year=2021|title=The effects of prey depletion on dietary niches of sympatric apex predators in Southeast Asia|journal=Integrative Zoology|volume=16|issue=1|pages=19–32|doi=10.1111/1749-4877.12461|pmid=32627329}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|author1=Variar, A. S.|name-list-style=amp|author2=Anoop, N. R.|author3=Komire, S.|author4=Vinayan, P. A.|author5=Sujin, N. S.|author6=Raj, A.|author7=Prasadan, P. K.|year=2023|title=Prey selection by the Indian tiger (''Panthera tigris tigris'') outside protected areas in Indias Western Ghats: implications for conservation|journal=Food Webs|volume=34|article-number=e00268|doi=10.1016/j.fooweb.2022.e00268|bibcode=2023FWebs..3400268V}}</ref> It also preys opportunistically on smaller species like [[Monkey|monkeys]], [[peafowl]] and other ground-based birds, [[Porcupine|porcupines]] and fish.<ref name="Mazak1981" /><ref name="Miquelle" /> Occasional attacks on [[Asian elephant|Asian elephants]] and [[Indian rhinoceros|Indian rhinoceroses]] have also been reported.<ref>{{cite journal|author1=Karanth, K. U.|year=2003|title=Tiger ecology and conservation in the Indian subcontinent|journal=Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society|volume=100|issue=2 & 3|pages=169–189|url=https://repository.ias.ac.in/89489/1/50p.pdf}}</ref> More often, tigers take the more vulnerable calves.<ref>{{cite journal|author1=Karanth, K. U.|author2=Nichols, J. D.|name-list-style=amp|year=1998|title=Estimation of tiger densities in India using photographic captures and recaptures|journal=Ecology|volume=79|issue=8|pages=2852–2862|doi=10.1890/0012-9658(1998)079[2852:EOTDII]2.0.CO;2|jstor=176521|url=http://erepo.usiu.ac.ke/bitstream/handle/11732/758/Estimation%20of%20tiger%20densities%20in%20India%20using%20photographic%20captures%20and%20recaptures.pdf?sequence=4&isAllowed=y|access-date=16 December 2021|archive-date=27 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221127044620/http://erepo.usiu.ac.ke/bitstream/handle/11732/758/Estimation%20of%20tiger%20densities%20in%20India%20using%20photographic%20captures%20and%20recaptures.pdf?sequence=4&isAllowed=y|url-status=live}}</ref> They sometimes prey on livestock and dogs in close proximity to settlements.<ref name="Mazak1981" /> Tigers occasionally consume vegetation, fruit and minerals for [[dietary fibre]] and supplements.<ref name="Perry">{{cite book|author=Perry, R.|title=The World of the Tiger|year=1965|publisher=Cassell|place=London|pages=133–134|asin=B0007DU2IU}}</ref> Tigers learn to hunt from their mothers, though the ability to hunt may be partially inborn.<ref name="Fàbregas">{{cite journal|last1=Fàbregas|first1=M. C.|last2=Fosgate|first2=G. T.|last3=Koehler|first3=G. M.|year=2015|title=Hunting performance of captive-born South China tigers (''Panthera tigris amoyensis'') on free-ranging prey and implications for their reintroduction|journal=Biological Conservation|volume=192|pages=57–64|doi=10.1016/j.biocon.2015.09.007|bibcode=2015BCons.192...57F|hdl=2263/50208|hdl-access=free|name-list-style=amp}}</ref> Depending on the size of the prey, they typically kill weekly though mothers must kill more often.<ref name="Sunquist2010" /> Families hunt together when cubs are old enough.{{sfn|Thapar|2004|p=63}} They search for prey using vision and hearing.{{sfn|Schaller|1967|pp=284–285}} A tiger will also wait at a watering hole for prey to come by, particularly during hot summer days.{{sfn|Schaller|1967|p=288}}{{sfn|Thapar|2004|p=120}} It is an ambush predator and when approaching potential prey, it crouches with the head lowered and hides in foliage. It switches between creeping forward and staying still. A tiger may even doze off and can stay in the same spot for as long as a day, waiting for prey and launch an attack when the prey is close enough,{{sfn|Thapar|2004|pp=119–120, 122}} usually within {{cvt|30|m}}.<ref name="Sunquist2010" /> If the prey spots it before then, the cat does not pursue further.{{sfn|Schaller|1967|p=288}} A tiger can sprint {{cvt|56|km/h|mph}} and leap {{cvt|10|m}};{{sfn|Schaller|1967|p=287}}{{sfn|Thapar|2004|p=23}} it is not a long-distance runner and gives up a chase if prey outpaces it over a certain distance.{{sfn|Schaller|1967|p=288}} [[Íomhá:Tiger's_killing_wild_boar.jpg|alt=Two tigers attacking a boar|deas|mion|Dhá thíogar Bheangál ag ionsaí [[torc allta]] in [[Anaclann Tíogair Kanha]]]] The tiger attacks from behind or at the sides and tries to knock the target off balance. It latches onto prey with its forelimbs, twisting and turning during the struggle and tries to pull it to the ground. The tiger generally applies a [[Throat clamp|bite to the throat]] until its victim dies of [[strangulation]].<ref name="Mazak1981" />{{sfn|Thapar|2004|p=121}}{{sfn|Schaller|1967|p=295}}{{sfn|Mills|2004|p=24}} It has an average bite force at the canine tips of 1234.3 [[Newton (unit)|newtons]].<ref>{{cite journal|author=Christiansen, P.|year=2007|title=Canine morphology in the larger Felidae: implications for feeding ecology|journal=Biological Journal of the Linnean Society|volume=91|issue=4|pages=573–592|doi=10.1111/j.1095-8312.2007.00819.x|doi-access=free}}</ref> Holding onto the throat puts the cat out of reach of horns, antlers, tusks and hooves.{{sfn|Thapar|2004|p=121}}{{sfn|Schaller|1967|pp=295–296}} Tigers are adaptable killers and may use other methods, including ripping the throat or breaking the neck. Large prey may be disabled by a bite to the back of the [[Hock (anatomy)|hock]], severing the tendon. Swipes from the large paws are capable of stunning or breaking the skull of a [[water buffalo]].{{sfn|Thapar|2004|p=126}} They kill small prey with a bite to the back of the neck or head.{{sfn|Schaller|1967|p=289}}<ref name="Sunquist2010" /> Estimates of the [[Hunting success|success rate]] for hunting tigers range from a low of 5% to a high of 50%. They are sometimes killed or injured by large or dangerous prey like gaur, buffalo and boar.<ref name="Sunquist2010" /> Tigers typically move kills to a private, usually vegetated spot no further than {{cvt|183|m}}, though they have been recorded dragging them {{cvt|549|m}}. They are strong enough to drag the carcass of a fully grown buffalo for some distance. They rest for a while before eating and can consume as much as {{cvt|50|kg}} of meat in one session, but feed on a carcass for several days, leaving little for scavengers.{{sfn|Schaller|1967|pp=297–300}} === Iomaitheoirí === [[Íomhá:Tigerdholes.jpg|alt=Painting of dhole pack attacking a tiger|mion|Léaráid ón bhliain 1807 de [[Madra fiáin Áiseach|madraí fiáine Áiseacha]] ag ionsaí tíogair]] In much of their range, tigers share habitat with leopards and [[Dhole|dholes]]. They typically dominate both of them, though with dholes it depends on their pack size. Interactions between the three predators involve chasing, [[Kleptoparasitism|stealing kills]] and direct killing.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Srivathsa|first1=A.|last2=Ramachandran|first2=V.|last3=Saravanan|first3=P.|last4=Sureshbabu|first4=A.|last5=Ganguly|first5=D.|last6=Ramakrishnan|first6=U.|year=2023|title=Topcats and underdogs: intraguild interactions among three apex carnivores across Asia's forestscapes|journal=Biological Reviews|volume=98|issue=6|pages=2114–2135|doi=10.1111/brv.12998|pmid=37449566|s2cid=259903849|name-list-style=amp}}</ref> Large dhole packs may kill tigers.{{sfn|Thapar|2004|p=136}} Tigers, leopards and dholes coexist by hunting different sized prey.<ref name="Karanth">{{cite journal|last=Karanth|first=K. U.|author2=Sunquist, M. E.|name-list-style=amp|year=2000|title=Behavioural correlates of predation by tiger (''Panthera tigris''), leopard (''Panthera pardus'') and dhole (''Cuon alpinus'') in Nagarahole, India|journal=Journal of Zoology|volume=250|pages=255–265|doi=10.1111/j.1469-7998.2000.tb01076.x|issue=2}}</ref> In [[Nagarhole National Park]], the average weight for tiger kills was found to be {{cvt|91.5|kg}}, compared to {{cvt|37.6|kg}} for leopards and {{cvt|43.4|kg}} for dholes.<ref name="KaranthSunquist1995">{{cite journal|author1=Karanth, K. U.|author2=Sunquist, M. E.|name-list-style=amp|title=Prey selection by tiger, leopard and dhole in tropical forests|jstor=5647|doi=10.2307/5647|journal=Journal of Animal Ecology|volume=64|issue=4|year=1995|pages=439–450|bibcode=1995JAnEc..64..439K}}</ref> In [[Kui Buri National Park]], following a reduction in prey numbers, tigers continued to kill favoured prey while leopards and dholes increased their consumption of small prey.<ref name="Steinmetz_al2021" /> Both leopards and dholes can live successfully in tiger habitat when there is abundant food and vegetation cover.<ref name="Karanth" /><ref>{{cite journal|author1=Odden, M.|name-list-style=amp|author2=Wegge, P.|author3=Fredriksen, T.|year=2010|title=Do tigers displace leopards? If so, why?|journal=Ecological Research|volume=25|issue=4|pages=875–881|doi=10.1007/s11284-010-0723-1|bibcode=2010EcoR...25..875O}}</ref> Otherwise, they appear to be less common where tigers are numerous. The recovery of the tiger population in [[Rajaji National Park]] during the 2000s led to a reduction in leopard population densities.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Harihar|first1=A.|last2=Pandav|first2=B.|last3=Goyal|first3=S. P.|year=2011|title=Responses of leopard ''Panthera pardus'' to the recovery of a tiger ''Panthera tigris'' population|journal=Journal of Applied Ecology|volume=48|issue=3|pages=806–814|doi=10.1111/j.1365-2664.2011.01981.x|doi-access=free|bibcode=2011JApEc..48..806H|name-list-style=amp}}</ref> Similarly, at two sites in central India the size of dhole packs was negatively correlated with tiger densities.<ref>{{cite journal|author1=Habib, B.|name-list-style=amp|author2=Nigam P.|author3=Ghaskadbi P.|author4=Bhandari A.|year=2021|title=Dhole pack size variation: Assessing the effect of prey availability and apex predator|journal=Ecology and Evolution|volume=11|issue=9|pages=4774–4785|doi=10.1002/ece3.7380|pmid=33976847|pmc=8093734|bibcode=2021EcoEv..11.4774B}}</ref> Leopard and dhole distribution in Kui Buri correlated with both prey access and tiger scarcity.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Steinmetz|first1=R.|last2=Seuaturien|first2=N.|last3=Chutipong|first3=W.|name-list-style=amp|year=2013|title=Tigers, leopards, and dholes in a half-empty forest: Assessing species interactions in a guild of threatened carnivores|journal=Biological Conservation|volume=163|pages=68–78|doi=10.1016/j.biocon.2012.12.016|bibcode=2013BCons.163...68S}}</ref> In [[Jigme Dorji National Park]], tigers were found to inhabit the deeper parts of forests while the smaller predators were pushed closer to the fringes.<ref>{{cite journal|author=Thinley, P.|author2=Rajaratnam, R.|author3=Lassoie, J. P.|author4=Morreale, S. J.|author5=Curtis, P. D.|author6=Vernes, K.|author7=Leki Leki|author8=Phuntsho, S.|author9=Dorji, T.|author10=Dorji, P.|name-list-style=amp|year=2018|title=The ecological benefit of tigers (''Panthera tigris'') to farmers in reducing crop and livestock losses in the eastern Himalayas: Implications for conservation of large apex predators|journal=Biological Conservation|volume=219|pages=119–125|doi=10.1016/j.biocon.2018.01.015|doi-access=free|bibcode=2018BCons.219..119T}}</ref> === Atáirgeadh agus saolré === {{Redirect|Tiger cub|other uses|Tiger Cub (disambiguation){{!}}Tiger Cub}} [[Íomhá:Tigeress_with_cubs_in_Kanha_Tiger_reserve.jpg|alt=Tiger with cubs|mion|Clann tíogair Bheangál in Anaclann Tíogair Kanha]] The tiger generally [[Mating|mates]] all year round, particularly between November and April. A tigress is in oestrus for three to six days at a time, separated by three to nine week intervals.<ref name="Mazak1981" /> A resident male mates with all the females within his home range, who signal their receptiveness by roaring and marking.{{sfn|Mills|2004|p=42}}{{sfn|Thapar|2004|p=145}} Younger, transient males are also attracted, leading to a fight in which the more dominant, resident male drives the usurper off.<ref name="Sankhala">{{cite journal|last1=Sankhala|first1=K. S.|year=1967|title=Breeding behaviour of the tiger ''Panthera tigris'' in Rajasthan|journal=International Zoo Yearbook|volume=7|issue=1|pages=133–147|doi=10.1111/j.1748-1090.1967.tb00354.x}}</ref>{{sfn|Mills|2004|p=42}} During courtship, the male is cautious with the female until she shows readiness to mate by positioning herself in [[Lordosis behavior|lordosis]] with her tail to the side. [[Copulation (zoology)|Copulation]] typically lasts no more than 20 seconds, with the male biting the female by the scruff of her neck. After it is finished, the male quickly pulls away as the female may turn and slap him.{{sfn|Mills|2004|p=42}} Tiger pairs may stay together for up to four days and mate multiple times.{{sfn|Thapar|2004|p=148}} [[Gestation]] lasts around or over three months.<ref name="Mazak1981" /> A tigress gives birth in a secluded location, be it in dense vegetation, in a cave or under a rocky shelter.{{sfn|Thapar|2004|p=45}} [[Litter (zoology)|Litters]] consist of as many as seven cubs, but two or three are more typical.<ref name="Sankhala" />{{sfn|Thapar|2004|p=45}} Newborn cubs weigh {{cvt|785|–|1610|g}} and are blind and underdeveloped ([[Precociality and altriciality|altricial]]).{{sfn|Thapar|2004|p=45}} The mother licks and cleans her cubs, suckles them and viciously defends them from any potential threat.<ref name="Sankhala" /> Cubs open their eyes at the age of three to 14 days and their vision becomes clear after a few more weeks.{{sfn|Thapar|2004|p=45}} They can leave the denning site after two months and around the same time they start eating meat.<ref name="Sankhala" />{{sfn|Mills|2004|pp=50–51}} The mother only leaves them alone to hunt and even then she does not travel far.{{sfn|Mills|2004|p=50}} When she suspects an area is no longer safe, she moves her cubs to a new spot, transporting them one by one by grabbing them by the scruff of the neck with her mouth.{{sfn|Thapar|2004|p=51}} A tigress in Sikhote-Alin Biosphere Reserve maximised the time spent with her cubs by reducing her home range, killing larger prey and returning to her den more rapidly than without cubs; when the cubs started to eat meat, she took them to kill sites, thereby optimising their protection and access to food.<ref>{{cite journal|author1=Petrunenko, Y. K.|name-list-style=amp|author2=Seryodkin, I. V.|author3=Bragina, E. V.|author4=Soutyrina, S. S.|author5=Mukhacheva, A. S.|author6=Rybin, N. N.|author7=Miquelle, D. G.|year=2019|title=How does a tigress balance the opposing constraints of raising cubs?|journal=Mammal Research|volume=65|issue=2|pages=245–253|doi=10.1007/s13364-019-00466-x}}</ref> In the same reserve, one of 21 cubs died in over eight years of monitoring and mortality did not differ between male and female juveniles.<ref>{{cite journal|author1=Robinson, H. S.|name-list-style=amp|author2=Goodrich, J. M.|author3=Miquelle, D. G.|author4=Miller, C. S.|author5=Seryodkin, I. V.|year=2015|title=Mortality of Amur tigers: The more things change, the more they stay the same|journal=Integrative Zoology|volume=10|issue=4|pages=344–353|doi=10.1111/1749-4877.12147|pmid=26096683}}</ref> Tiger monitoring over six years in [[Ranthambore Tiger Reserve]] indicated an average annual survival rate of around 85 percent for 74 male and female cubs; survival rate increased to 97 percent for both males and female juveniles of one to two years of age.<ref name="Sadhu2017">{{cite journal|author1=Sadhu, A.|name-list-style=amp|author2=Jayam, P. P. C.|author3=Qureshi, Q.|author4=Shekhawat, R. S.|author5=Sharma, S.|author6=Jhala, Y. V.|year=2017|title=Demography of a small, isolated tiger (''Panthera tigris tigris'') population in a semi-arid region of western India|journal=BMC Zoology|volume=2|article-number=16|doi=10.1186/s40850-017-0025-y|doi-access=free}}</ref> Causes of cub mortality include predators, floods, fires, death of the mother and fatal injuries.{{sfn|Thapar|2004|p=51}}{{sfn|Mills|2004|p=51}}<ref name="Barlow2009">{{cite journal|author1=Barlow, A. C. D.|name-list-style=amp|author2=McDougal, C.|author3=Smith, J. L. D.|author4=Gurung, B.|author5=Bhatta, S. R.|author6=Kumal, S.|author7=Mahato, B.|author8=Taman, D. B.|year=2009|title=Temporal variation in Tiger (''Panthera tigris'') populations and its implications for monitoring|journal=Journal of Mammalogy|volume=90|issue=2|pages=472–478|doi=10.1644/07-MAMM-A-415.1|bibcode=2009JMamm..90..472B|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref name="Sadhu2017" /> [[Íomhá:Panthera_tigris_altaica_13_-_Buffalo_Zoo.jpg|alt=Tigress with cub in snow|mion|Tíogar Amúrach baineann lena coileán i [[Zú Buffalo]]]] After around two months, the cubs are able to follow their mother. They still hide in vegetation when she goes hunting. Young bond through play fighting and practice stalking. A hierarchy develops in the litter, with the biggest cub, often a male, being the most dominant and the first to eat its fill at a kill.{{sfn|Mills|2004|pp=61, 66–67}} Around the age of six months, cubs are fully weaned and have more freedom to explore their environment. Between eight and ten months, they accompany their mother on hunts.{{sfn|Thapar|2004|p=63}} A cub can make a kill as early as 11 months and reach independence as a juvenile of 18 to 24 months of age; males become independent earlier than females.{{sfn|Schaller|1967|pp=270, 276}}<ref name="Sadhu2017" /> Radio-collared tigers in Chitwan started leaving their natal areas at the age of 19 months.<ref name="Smith1993">{{cite journal|last=Smith|first=J. L. D.|year=1993|title=The role of dispersal in structuring the Chitwan tiger population|volume=124|journal=Behaviour|issue=3|pages=165–195|doi=10.1163/156853993X00560}}</ref> Young females are [[Sexual maturity|sexually mature]] at three to four years, whereas males are at four to five years.<ref name="Mazak1981" /> [[Generation time|Generation length]] of the tiger is about 7–10 years.<ref>{{cite journal|title=Generation length for mammals|author=Pacifici, M.|author2=Santini, L.|author3=Di Marco, M.|author4=Baisero, D.|author5=Francucci, L.|author6=Grottolo Marasini, G.|author7=Visconti, P.|author8=Rondinini, C.|journal=Nature Conservation|year=2013|volume=5|issue=5|pages=87–94|doi=10.3897/natureconservation.5.5734|doi-access=free|name-list-style=amp}}</ref> Wild Bengal tigers live 12–15 years.<ref>{{cite journal|author=Majumder, A.|year=2023|title=Survival strategy – Temporal segregation of different age and sex classes of a Bengal tiger (''Panthera tigris tigris'' Linnaeus) population in Pench Tiger Reserve, Madhya Pradesh India|journal=Journal of Animal Diversity|volume=5|issue=3|pages=43–54|doi=10.61186/JAD.2023.5.3.5|doi-access=free}}</ref> Data from the International Tiger [[Studbook]] 1938–2018 indicate that captive tigers lived up to 19 years.<ref>{{cite journal|author1=Tidière, M.|name-list-style=amp|author2=Müller, P.|author3=Sliwa, A.|author4=Siberchicot, A.|author5=Douay, G.|year=2021|title=Sex-specific actuarial and reproductive senescence in zoo-housed tiger (''Panthera tigris''): The importance of sub-species for conservation|journal=Zoo Biology|volume=40|issue=4|pages=320–329|doi=10.1002/zoo.21610|pmid=33861886|url=https://findresearcher.sdu.dk/ws/files/182491417/zoo.21610.pdf}}</ref> The father does not play a role in raising the young, but he encounters and interacts with them. The resident male appears to visit the female–cub families within his home range. They socialise and even share kills.{{sfn|Mills|2004|pp=59, 89}}{{sfn|Thapar|2004|pp=55–56}} One male was recorded looking after cubs whose mother had died.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-south-asia-13598386|work=BBC News|author=Pandey, G.|date=2011|title=India male tiger plays doting dad to orphaned cubs|access-date=14 February 2024|archive-date=8 April 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240408231242/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-south-asia-13598386|url-status=live}}</ref> By defending his home range, the male protects the females and cubs from other males.{{sfn|Mills|2004|p=59}} When a new male takes over, dependent cubs are at risk of [[Infanticide (zoology)|infanticide]] as the male attempts to sire his own young with the females.{{sfn|Thapar|2004|p=66}} A seven-year long study in Chitwan National Park revealed that 12 of 56 detected cubs and juveniles were killed by new males taking over home ranges.<ref name="Barlow2009" /> === Sláinte agus galair === Tá taifid ann de thíogair mar óstaigh sheadáin éagsúla amhail péisteanna ribíneacha cosúil le ''[[Diphyllobothrium]] erinacei'', ''[[Taenia pisiformis]]'' san India agus speicis ''[[Toxocara]]'' san India agus speicis ''[[Physaloptera]] preputialis'', ''[[Dirofilaria]] ursi'' agus ''Uiteinarta'' sa tSibéir.<ref name=":8" /> Tá sé ar eolas go mbíonn [[conslaod]] le fáil i dtíogair Amúracha.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Canine Distemper Virus: an Emerging Disease in Wild Endangered Amur Tigers ( Panthera tigris altaica )|url=https://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/mBio.00410-13|journal=mBio|date=2013|issn=2161-2129|pmc=3747579|pmid=23943758|volume=4|issue=4|doi=10.1128/mBio.00410-13|language=en|author=Seimon, T. A.; Miquelle, D. G.; Chang, T. Y.; Newton, A. L.; Korotkova, I.; Ivanchuk, G.; Lyubchenko, E.; Tupikov, A.; Slabe, E. & McAloose, D.}}</ref> Ionfhabhtú morbillivíris is é is dóichí a bheith mar chúis báis tíogair bhaininn i gCianoirthear na Rúise a raibh tástáil dhearfach ar an [[Painleocaipéine fhéilíneach|phainleocaipéine fhéilíneach]] agus an [[Coróinvíreas féilíneach|choróinvíreas fhéilíneach]] aici.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Morbillivirus Infection in a Wild Siberian Tiger in the Russian Far East|url=https://meridian.allenpress.com/jwd/article/46/4/1252/121390/Morbillivirus-Infection-in-a-Wild-Siberian-Tiger|journal=Journal of Wildlife Diseases|date=2010|issn=0090-3558|pages=1252–1256|volume=46|issue=4|doi=10.7589/0090-3558-46.4.1252|language=en|author=Quigley, K. S.; Evermann, J. F.; Leathers, C. W.; Armstrong, D. L.; Goodrich, J.; Duncan, N. M. & Miquelle, D. G.}}</ref> Léirigh samplaí fola ó 11 tíogair fhásta sa Neipeal [[antasubstaintí]] le haghaidh [[Conpharvaivíreas|conpharvaivíris]]-2, [[Heirpéasvíreas féilíneach|heirpéasvíris fhéilínigh]], córóinvíris féilínigh, [[Leiptispioróis|leiptispioróise]] agus ''[[Toxoplasma gondii]]''.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Serologic Survey of Selected Pathogens in Free-Ranging Bengal Tigers (Panthera tigris tigris) in Nepal|url=https://meridian.allenpress.com/jwd/article/57/2/393/451344/Serologic-Survey-of-Selected-Pathogens-in-Free|journal=Journal of Wildlife Diseases|date=2021|issn=0090-3558|volume=57|issue=2|doi=10.7589/JWD-D-20-00046|author=McCauley, D.; Stout, V.; Gairhe, K. P.; Sadaula, A.; Dubovi, E.; Subedi, S. & Kaufman, G. E.}}</ref> == Bagairtí == == Caomhnú == {{Main|Caomhnú an Tíogair}} ''Tuilleadh Eolais: [[Tíogar na 21ú hAoise]]'' {| class="wikitable sortable floatright" |+ Pobal domhanda na dtíogar fiáin !Tír !Bliain !Meastachán |- | {{flagicon|India}} [[An India]]|| 2022 || align="right" |3,167–3,682<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|author=Qureshi, Q.; Jhala, Y. V.; Yadav, S. P. & Mallick, A.|date=2023|url=https://wii.gov.in/images//images/documents/publications/statu_tiger_copredators-2022.pdf|title=Status of tigers, co-predators and prey in India 2022 (PDF)|publisher=National Tiger Conservation Authority & Wildlife Institute of India|location=Deilí Nua, Dehradun}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240505145403/https://wii.gov.in/images//images/documents/publications/statu_tiger_copredators-2022.pdf |date=2024-05-05 }}</ref> |- | {{flagicon|Russia}} [[An Rúis]]|| 2022 || align="right" |573–600<ref name=":5">{{Lua idirlín|teideal=Global Tiger Recovery Program 2.0 (2023-34)|url=https://globaltigerforum.org/global-tiger-recovery-program-2-0-2023-34/|dátarochtana=01-12-2025|language=en-US|foilsitheoir=Global Tiger Forum}}</ref> |- | {{Bratach|Indonesia}} [[An Indinéis]]|| 2022 || align="right" |393<ref name=":5" /> |- | {{Bratach|Nepal}} [[Neipeal]]|| 2022 || align="right" |316–355<ref>{{cite book|year=2022|title=Status of Tigers and Prey in Nepal 2022|location=Kathmandu, Neipeal|publisher=Department of National Parks and Wildlife Conservation and Department of Forests and Soil Conservation. Ministry of Forests and Environment|url=https://dnpwc.gov.np/media/files/Status_of_Tigers_Ic2ylSC.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230408104009/https://dnpwc.gov.np/media/files/Status_of_Tigers_Ic2ylSC.pdf|author=DNPWC & DFSC}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230408104009/https://dnpwc.gov.np/media/files/Status_of_Tigers_Ic2ylSC.pdf |date=2023-04-08 }}</ref> |- | {{Bratach|Thailand}} [[An Téalainn]]|| 2022 || align="right" |148–189<ref name=":5" /> |- | {{Bratach|Malaysia}} [[An Mhalaeisia]]|| 2022 || align="right" |<150<ref name=":5" /> |- | {{Bratach|Bhutan}} [[An Bhútáin]]|| 2022 || align="right" |131<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|author=Department of Forests and Park Services|date=2023|title=National Tiger Survey 2021–22|publisher=Rialtas na Bútaine|location=Thimphu}}</ref> |- | {{Bratach|Bangladesh}} [[An Bhanglaidéis]]|| 2022|| align="right" |118–122<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|author=Begum, S.|date=30 Iúil 2024|title=Tiger population in Sundarban rises by 8-10pc in 2024|publisher=Daily Observer|url=https://www.observerbd.com/news.php?id=482816}}</ref> |- | {{Bratach|China}} [[An tSín]]|| 2022 || align="right"|>60<ref name=":5" /> |- | {{Bratach|Myanmar}} [[Maenmar]]|| 2022 || align="right" |28<ref name=":5" /> |- | '''Iomlán'''|| || align="right" |'''5,638–5,899''' |} Tá an chuma ar an scéal nach bhfuil ach 5000-7000 tíogar fágtha ar domhan. Meastar go bhfuil níos lú na 2500 tíogar fásta sa nádúr. Timpeall na bliana 1900 bhí 100,000 tíogar ann. Bhí naoi bhfospeiceas ann tráth. Ach tá tíogar Bhailí, an tíogar Iávach agus an tíogar Caispeach imithe in éag. Níl ach sé fhospeiceas ann anois, agus iad uile i mbaol: * An [[Tíogar Bheangál]]:<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Bengal tiger|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bengal_tiger|journal=Wikipedia|date=2024-12-11|language=en}}</ref> níos lú na 2000 fágtha * An [[Tíogar Ind-Síneach]]:<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Indochinese tiger|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indochinese_tiger|journal=Wikipedia|date=2024-09-12|language=en}}</ref> 1200-1800 * An [[Tíogar Malaech]]:<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Malayan tiger|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malayan_tiger|journal=Wikipedia|date=2024-12-28|language=en}}</ref> 600-800 * An [[Tíogar Sumatrach]]: 400-500 * An [[Tíogar Amúrach]] (sa [[An tSibéir|tSibéir]]): 400-550. Sna 1940idí ní raibh ach 40 tíogar Amúrach fágtha ach tá suas le 550 ann anois mar cuireadh stop leis an sealgaireacht. * [[Tíogar na Síne Theas]]:<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=South China tiger|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_China_tiger|journal=Wikipedia|date=2024-11-27|language=en}}</ref> díobhaí sa nádúr; 59 i zúnna Tá a ghnáthóg á chailliúint ag an tíogar. Tá an fuadach tíograch coitianta agus maraítear tíogair beagnach gach lá mar úsáidtear a bhfionnadh agus a gcoirp sa leigheas traidisiúnta. == Féach freisin == * An [[Tíogar Sumatrach]] agus an [[Tíogar Amúrach]] * [[An Tíogar Ceilteach]] == Tagairtí == {{Reflist}} == Leabharliosta == * {{Citation |last=Thapar |first=V. |title=Tiger: The Ultimate Guide |date=2004 |url=https://archive.org/details/tigerultimategui0000thap/mode/2up |place=Deilí Nua |publisher=CDS Books |isbn=1-59315-024-5}} * {{Citation |last=Green |first=S. |title=Tiger |date=2006 |issue=2 |place=Londain |publisher=Reaktion Books |isbn=978-1-86189-276-8}} * {{Citation |title=The Encyclopedia of Mammals |date=2001 |issue=2 |editor-last=MacDonald |editor-first=D. |place=Oxford |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-7607-1969-5}} * {{Citation |last=Tilson |first=R. |title=Tigers of the World: The Science, Politics and Conservation of Panthera tigris |date=2010 |issue=2 |place=Londain |publisher=Academic Press |isbn=978-0-08-094751-8 |last2=Nyhus |first2=P. J.}} * {{Citation |last=Mills |first=S. |title=Tiger |date=2004 |url=https://archive.org/details/tiger0000mill/mode/2up |archive-url= |place=Richmond Hill |publisher=Firefly Books |isbn=1-55297-949-0}} * {{Citation |last=Schaller |first=G. B. |title=The Deer and the Tiger: A Study of Wildlife in India |date=1967 |url=https://archive.org/details/deertigerstudyof0000scha/page/n419/mode/2up |place=Chicago |publisher=University of Chicago Press |isbn=0-226-73631-8}} * {{Citation |last=Seidensticker |first=J |title=Riding the Tiger: Tiger Conservation in Human-Dominated Landscapes |date=1999 |url=https://archive.org/details/ridingtigertiger00unse |place=Cambridge |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-64835-6 |last2=Christie |first2=S |last3=Jackson |first3=P}} * {{Citation |last=Sludskii |first=A. A. |title=Tiger Panthera tigris Linnaeus, 1758 |date=1992 |work=Mlekopitajuščie Sovetskogo Soiuza. Moskva: Vysšaia Škola [Mamaigh an Aontais Shóivéadaigh] |volume=II, Part 2. Carnivora (Hyaenas and Cats) |pages=95–202 |editor-last=Heptner |editor-first=V. G. |editor-last2=Sludskii |editor-first2=A. A. |url=https://archive.org/stream/mammalsofsov221992gept#page/94/mode/2up |place=Washington DC |publisher=Smithsonian Institution and the National Science Foundation |isbn=978-90-04-08876-4}} {{síol ainmhí}} [[Catagóir:Tíogair]] [[Catagóir:Cait]] 56w6kwat255jvie6ui5xdnm9dctlr1d 1321802 1321800 2026-07-27T11:40:04Z An Sionnach Rua 29036 /* Iomaitheoirí */ aistriúchán ar lean 1321802 wikitext text/x-wiki {{WD Bosca Sonraí Ainmhí Bheo}} [[File:A walk with the Tigress.webm|thumb|right|tíogar]] Is cat mór é an '''tíogar''' ('''''Panthera tigris''''')<ref name="Tearma">{{Cite web-en|url=https://www.tearma.ie/q/Panthera%20tigris/|title=“Panthera tigris” {{!}} téarma.ie|publisher=[[An Coiste Téarmaíochta]]|work=[[Téarma.ie]]: An Bunachar Náisiúnta Téarmaíochta don Ghaeilge|access-date=2023-06-26}}</ref><ref name="Linn1758" /> ar ball é den ghéineas ''[[Panthera]]'' a thagann ón [[An Áise|Áise]] ó dhúchas. Tá corp láidir agus matánach aige a bhfuil ceann agus lapaí móra, eireaball fada agus fionnadh flannbhuí le stríoca dubha atá ceartingearach don chuid is mó air. Rangaítear in naoi [[Fospeiceas|bhfospeiceas]] [[Holaicéineach|reatha]] é go traidisiúnta cé nach n-aithníonn roinnt daoine agus eagraíochtaí ach an dá fhospeiceas, tíogair na mórthíre Áisí agus tíogair oileáin na [[Oileáin Sunda|nOileán Sunda]]. Cuireann an tíogar faoi i bhforaoisí den chuid is mó, idir [[Foraois leathanduilleach agus mheasctha mheasartha|foraoisí leathanduilleacha agus measctha measartha]] agus [[Cónaiféar|buaircíneach]] i [[Cianoirthear na Rúise|gCianoirthear na Rúise]] agus [[Oirthuaisceart na Síne]] agus [[Foraois leathanduilleach thais thrópaiceach agus fhothrópaiceach|foraoisí leathanduilleacha taise trópaiceacha agus fothrópaiceacha]] i [[Fo-ilchríoch na hIndia|bhfo-ilchríoch na hIndia]] agus in [[Oirdheisceart na hÁise]]. Is [[buaicchreachadóir]] é an tíogar a chreachann [[Crúbach|crúbaigh]] roimh a ndéanann sé luíochán go príomha. Caitheann sé saol atá aonarach go hiondúil agus bíonn [[raon baile]] a chosnaíonn sé roimh indibhidiúil den ghnéas chéanna aige. Forluíonn raon an fhireannaigh raoin go leor baineannach lena chúplálann sé. De ghnáth, beireann an baineannach idir dhá agus trí choileán a fhanann lena máthair ar feadh dhá bhliain. Nuair a bhíonn na coileáin neamhspleách, fágann siad raon baile a máthar agus bunaíonn siad a raon féin. Ó bhlianta luaithe na fichiú haoise, is in ísle a ndeachaigh raon baile na dtíogar agus ar a laghad 93% dá raon stairiúil caillte acu; tá siad [[Díothú áitiúil|díothaithe go háitiúil]] in [[Iarthar na hÁise|Iarthar]] agus i [[Lár na hÁise]] agus i gcodanna móra na [[An tSín|Síne]] chomh maith leis na hoileáin [[Iáva]] agus [[Bailí]]. Tá raon an tíogair scoilte go dona sa lá atá inniu ann. Liostaítear mar [[Speiceas i mbaol (Stádas AICD)|speiceas i mbaol]] é ar [[Liosta Dearg an AICD de Speicis i mBaol]] mar meastar gur laghdaigh a raon idir 53% go 68% ó bhí na 1990idí déanacha ann. Tá go leor bagairtí móra ag cur le stádas reatha na dtíogar idir [[Scriosadh gnáthóige|scriosadh]] agus [[Ilroinnt gnáthóige|ilroinnt a ngnáthóige]] mar gheall ar [[Dífhoraoisiú|dhífhoraoisiú]], [[póitseáil]] ar son a bhfionnaidh agus trádáil mhídhleathach a gcodanna coirp ar mhaithe le cúrsaí leighis. Is íospartaigh na [[An choinbhleacht daonna-fiadhúlra|coinbhleachta daonna-fiadhúlra]] iad na tíogair fosta mar ionsaíonn agus creachann siad an beostoc i gceantair nach bhfuil mórán creach nádúrtha le fáil iontu. Tá cosaint dhlíthiúil ag an tíogar in chuile thír laistigh dá raon. Cuimsíonn cuir chuige náisiúnta pleananna gníomhaíochta, [[patróil fhrith-phóitseála]] agus scéimeanna monatóireachta líon na dtíogar. Bunaíodh [[Conair fhiadhúlra|conairí fiadhúlra]] i gcuid mhaith de na tíortha laistigh dá raon agus tá athbhunú tíogar pleanáilte iontu.<ref name=":3">{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Panthera tigris|url=https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/15955/214862019|date=2021-12-15|doi=10.2305/iucn.uk.2022-1.rlts.t15955a214862019.en|language=en|author=Goodrich, J., Wibisono, H., Miquelle, D., Lynam, A.J., Sanderson, E., Chapman, S., Gray, T.N.E., Chanchani, P. & Harihar, A.|journal=The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species|publisher=IUCN}}</ref> Tá an tíogar ar cheann de na [[Mórfhána carasmatach|mórfhánaí carasmatacha]] is mó a bhfuil tóir air ar fud an domhain. Bhíodh an tíogar i ngéibheann ón chéad lá riamh agus traenáladh é chun seónna a chur ar fáil i [[Sorcas|sorcais]] agus cláracha siamsaíochta eile. Chonacthas an tíogar go forleathan i [[miotaseolaíocht]] agus i [[Béaloideas|mbéaloideas]] ársa na gcultúr fud fad a raon stairiúil agus [[Léirithe cultúrtha an tíogair|chonacthas fós i gcultúr]] ar fud an domhain é sa lá atá inniu ann. == Sanasaíocht == Síolraíonn an [[Seanbhéarla]] ''tigras'' ón [[Seanfhraincis|tSeanfhraincis]] ''tigre'', ón [[An Laidin|Laidin]] ''tigris'', ar iasacht é de ''tigris'' ([[An tSean-Ghréigis|Sean-Ghréigis]]: τίγρις).<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|author=Liddell, H. G. & Scott, R. (Sir Henry Stuart Jones, Roderick McKenzie eag.)|date=1940|url=https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3Dti%2Fgris|title="τίγρις".|journal=A Greek-English Lexicon|publisher=Clarendon Press|location=Oxford|accessdate=21 Feabhra 2021}}</ref> Ón aimsir ársa, meastar go síolraíonn an focal ''tigris'' ón fhocal [[An Airméinis|Arméiniseach]] nó [[An Pheirsis|Pheirsiseach]] ar 'saighead' ar féidir leis a bheith ina bhunús d'ainm abhainn na [[An Tígris|Tigrise]].<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|author=Varro, M. T.; Kent, R. G.|date=1938|url=https://archive.org/details/onlatinlanguage01varruoft/page/96/mode/2up|title="De lingua latina" [On the Latin Language]|journal="XX. Ferarum vocabula" [XX. The names of wild beasts]|pages=lgh. 94-97|publisher=W. Heinemann|location=Londain}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Naming the Tiger in the Early Modern World|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/26560471|journal=Renaissance Quarterly|date=2017|issn=0034-4338|pages=977–1006|volume=70|issue=3|author=David Thorley|doi=10.1086/693884. JSTOR 26560471}}</ref> Sa lá atá inniu ann, áfach, glactar leis gur comhainm atá iontu agus nach bhfuil gaol ar bith ann idir ainm an ainmhí agus na habhann.<ref name=":0" /> == Tacsanomaíocht == Rinne an luibheolaí Sulannach [[Carl von Linné]] an chéad chur síos eolaíoch ar an tíogar ina shaothar ''[[Systema Naturae]]'', áit a fuair sé an [[Ainmníocht dhéthéarmach|t-ainm déthéarmach]] ''Felis tigris'', mar ba ghnách ag an am an géineas ''Felis'' a úsáid le haghaidh na cait ar fad. Bunaítear an [[cur síos eolaíoch]] ar chuir síos a rinne nádúraithe níos luaithe amhail [[Conrad Gessner]] agus [[Ulisse Aldrovandi]].<ref name="Linn1758">{{luaigh foilseachán|author=Linnaeus, C.|year=1758|title=[https://archive.org/stream/mobot31753000798865#page/41/mode/2up "Felis tigris"] Caroli Linnæi Systema naturæ per regna tria naturæ, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis|volume=Tomus I|location=Holmiae|publisher=Laurentius Salvius|language=la|issue=decima, reformata|pages=lch. 41}}</ref> Is in 1929 a chuir [[Reginald Innes Pocock]] an speiceas sa ghéineas ''[[Panthera]]'' faoin ainm dhéthéarmach ''Panthera tigris''.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|author=Pocock, R. I.|date=1929|title=Tigers|journal=Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society|volume=33|issue=3|pages=lgh. 505–541|url=https://archive.org/details/journalofbomb33341929bomb/page/n133}}</ref><ref name=":2" /> === Fospeiceas === {{Anchor|Pobail}}Moladh naoi [[Fospeiceas|bhfospeiceas]] tíogar [[Holaicéineach|reatha]] idir luathbhlianta na 19ú hAois agus na 21ú hAois agus is iad sin an [[tíogar Bheangál]], [[Tíogar Malaech|Malaech]], [[Tíogar Ind-Síneach|Ind-Síneach]], [[Tíogar na Síne Theas|na Síne Theas]], [[Tíogar Amúrach|Amúrach]], [[Tíogar Caispeach|Caispeach]], [[Tíogar Iávach|Iávach]], [[Tíogar Bailí|Bailí]] agus [[Tíogar Sumatrach|Sumatrach]].<ref name="MSW3">{{Luaigh foilseachán|author=[[W. Chris Wozencraft|Wozencraft, W. C.]]|date=2005|title=Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference|issue=3|publisher=Johns Hopkins University Press ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0. OCLC 62265494.|pages=lch. 546|coauthors=[http://www.departments.bucknell.edu/biology/resources/msw3/browse.asp?id=14000259 "Species ''Panthera tigris''"] In [[Don E. Wilson|Wilson, D. E.]]; Reeder, D. M. (eag.)|url=http://www.google.com/books?id=JgAMbNSt8ikC&pg=PA546}}</ref><ref name=Wilting2015/> Ceistíodh [[Bailíocht ainmnithe (zó-eolaíocht)|bailíocht]] cuid mhaith de na fospeicis mar bhí sé de nós an tráth sin iad a idirdhealú bunaithe ar dhath agus fhaid an fhionnaidh, patrúin stríoca agus méid na n-eiseamlár i mbailiúcháin [[Iarsmalann stair an dúlra|iarsmalanna stair an dúlra]] ar féidir nach n-ionadaíonn siad an pobal ar fad. Moladh gur cheart dhá fhospeiceas bailí tíogar a aithint, is iad sin ''P. t. tigris'' ar mhórthír na hÁise agus an speiceas níos lú ''P. t. sondaica'' sna [[Na hOileáin Sunda Mór|hOileáin Sunda Mór]].<ref name="Kitchener1999">Kitchener, A. (1999). "Tiger distribution, phenotypic variation and conservation issues" in {{harvnb|Seidensticker|Christie|Jackson|1999|lgh=19–39|lua=ref=Seidensticker, J.; Christie, S.; Jackson, P.}}, lgh. 19-39</ref> D'athdhearbhaíodh an moladh dhá fhospeicis arís sa bhliain 2015 trí anailís chuimsitheach a dhéanamh ar thréithe moirfeolaíocha, éiceolaíocha agus ADN miteacoindreacha (mtADN) chuile fhospeiceas toimhdean tíogar.<ref name="Wilting2015">{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Planning tiger recovery: Understanding intraspecific variation for effective conservation|url=https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4640610/|journal=Science Advances|date=Mí an Mheithimh 2015|issn=2375-2548|pmc=4640610|pmid=26601191|pages=e1400175|volume=1|issue=5|doi=10.1126/sciadv.1400175|author=Wilting, A.; Courtiol, A.; Christiansen, P.; Niedballa, J.; Scharf, A. K.; Orlando, L.; Balkenhol, N.; Hofer, H.; Kramer-Schadt, S.; Fickel, J. & Kitchener, A. C.}}</ref> In 2017, d'athbhreithnigh Tascfhórsa Catrangaithe Ghrúpa Sainréimse Cat an AICD tacsanomaíocht ''felid'' de réir an mholta dhá fhospeicis 2015 agus níor aithníodh ach ''P. t. tigris'' agus ''P. t. sondaica'' amháin.<ref name="catsg">{{Luaigh foilseachán|author=Kitchener, A. C.; Breitenmoser-Würsten, C.; Eizirik, E.; Gentry, A.; Werdelin, L.; Wilting, A.; Yamaguchi, N.; Abramov, A. V.; Christiansen, P.; Driscoll, C.; Duckworth, J. W.; Johnson, W.; Luo, S.-J.; Meijaard, E.; O'Donoghue, P.; Sanderson, J.; Seymour, K.; Bruford, M.; Groves, C.; Hoffmann, M.; Nowell, K.; Timmons, Z. & Tobe, S.|date=2017|url=https://repository.si.edu/bitstream/handle/10088/32616/A_revised_Felidae_Taxonomy_CatNews.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y#page=66|title=A revised taxonomy of the Felidae: The final report of the Cat Classification Task Force of the IUCN Cat Specialist Group (PDF).|journal=Cat News (Special Issue 11)|pages=lgh. 66-68}}</ref> Léirigh torthaí staidéar seicheamhaithe géinte iomláin 2018 de 32 sampla ón sé fhospeiceas toimhdean beo—an tíogar Bheangál, Malaech, Ind-Síneach, na Síne Theas, Amúrach agus Sumatrach—gur [[Clád|cláid]] shoiléire faoi leith iad.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Genome-Wide Evolutionary Analysis of Natural History and Adaptation in the World’s Tigers|url=https://www.cell.com/current-biology/abstract/S0960-9822(18)31214-4|journal=Current Biology|date=2018|issn=0960-9822|pmid=30482605|pages=3840–3849.e6|volume=28|issue=23|doi=10.1016/j.cub.2018.09.019|language=English|author=Liu, Y.-C.; Sun, X.; Driscoll, C.; Miquelle, D. G.; Xu, X.; Martelli, P.; Uphyrkina, O.; Smith, J. L. D.; O'Brien, S. J. & Luo, S.-J.}}</ref> Chomhthacaíodh leis na torthaí arís in 2021 agus 2023.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Recent Evolutionary History of Tigers Highlights Contrasting Roles of Genetic Drift and Selection|url=https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8136513/|journal=Molecular Biology and Evolution|date=2021|issn=1537-1719|pmc=8136513|pmid=33592092|pages=2366–2379|volume=38|issue=6|doi=10.1093/molbev/msab032|author=Armstrong, E. E.; Khan, A.; Taylor, R. W.; Gouy, A.; Greenbaum, G.; Thiéry, A; Kang, J. T.; Redondo, S. A.; Prost, S.; Barsh, G.; Kaelin, C.; Phalke, S.; Chugani, A.; Gilbert, M.; Miquelle, D.; Zachariah, A.; Borthakur, U.; Reddy, A.; Louis, E.; Ryder, O. A.; Jhala, Y. V.; Petrov, D.; Excoffier, L.; Hadly, E. & Ramakrishnan, U.}}</ref><ref name="Wang2023">{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Population genomic analysis provides evidence of the past success and future potential of South China tiger captive conservation|url=https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10111772/|journal=BMC biology|date=2023|issn=1741-7007|pmc=10111772|pmid=37069598|pages=64|volume=21|issue=1|doi=10.1186/s12915-023-01552-y|author=Wang, C.; Wu, D. D.; Yuan, Y. H.; Yao, M. C.; Han, J. L.; Wu, Y. J.; Shan, F.; Li, W. P.; Zhai, J. Q.; Huang, M; Peng, S. H.; Cai, Q .H.; Yu, J. Y.; Liu, Q. X.; Lui, Z. Y.; Li, L. X.; Teng, M. S.; Huang, W.; Zhou, J. Y.; Zhang, C.; Chen, W. & Tu, X. L.}}</ref> Léirigh staidéar sa bhliain 2023 go bhfuil bailíocht ag an naoi bhfospeiceas reatha ar fad.<ref name=":1">{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Ancient DNA reveals genetic admixture in China during tiger evolution|url=https://www.nature.com/articles/s41559-023-02185-8|journal=Nature Ecology & Evolution|date=2023-11|issn=2397-334X|pages=1914–1929|volume=7|issue=11|doi=10.1038/s41559-023-02185-8|language=en|author=Sun, X.; Liu, Y.-C.; Tiunov, M. P.; Gimranov, D. O.; Zhuang, Y.; Han, Y.; Driscoll, C. A.; Driscoll, C. A.; Pang, Y.; Li, C.; Pan, Y; Velasco, M. S.; Gopalakrishnan, S.; Yang, R.-Z.; Li, B.-G.; Jin, K.; Xu, X.; Uphyrkina, O.; Huang, Y.; Wu, X.-H.; Gilbert, M. T. P.; O'Brien, S. J.; Yamaguchi, N. & Luo, S.-J.}}</ref> Deir an Grúpa Sainréimse Cat "Given the varied interpretations of data, the [subspecific] taxonomy of this species is currently under review by the IUCN SSC Cat Specialist Group." nó i nGaeilge "Mar gheall ar na léirmhínithe éagsúla ar an dáta, tá Grúpa Sainréimse Cat SSC an AICD ag déanamh athbhreithnithe ar thacsanomaíocht [fospeiceasach] an speicis seo".<ref>{{Lua idirlín|teideal=Tiger|url=http://www.catsg.org/index.php?id=124|work=www.catsg.org|dátarochtana=2025-11-27|language=|údar=CatSG|archivedate=2014-11-12|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141112171012/http://www.catsg.org/index.php?id=124}}</ref> Tá na táblaí thíos bunaithe ar [[Tacsanomaíocht (bitheolaíocht)|rangú]] an tíogair mar a bhí in 2005<ref name=MSW3/> agus tugann siad rangú 2017 an Tascfhórsa Catrangaithe le fios chomh maith.<ref name=catsg/>{{clear}} {| class="wikitable" |+ style="text-align: centre;" | ''Panthera tigris tigris'' {{small|(Linnaeus, 1758)}}<ref name=Linn1758/> ! Pobal !! Cur síos !! Íomhá |- style="vertical-align: top;" | [[Tíogar Bheangál]] {{small|ainm déthéarmach ''P. t. tigris'' (von Linné, 1758)}}<ref name="Linn1758" /> | | Cuireann an pobal seo faoi ar [[fo-ilchríoch na hIndia|fho-ilchríoch na hIndia]].<ref name="Jackson1996">{{Luaigh foilseachán|author=Nowell, K. & Jackson, P.|date=1996|url=https://portals.iucn.org/library/sites/library/files/documents/1996-008.pdf#page=80|title="Tiger, Panthera tigris (Linnaeus, 1758)" (PDF).|volume=|pages=lgh. 55-65|publisher=IUCN. ISBN 2-8317-0045-0|location=Gland, Switzerland|journal=Wild Cats: Status Survey and Conservation Action Plan}}</ref> Tá fionnadh níos giorra ar an tíogar Bheangál ná mar atá orthu níos faide ó thuaidh<ref name=":2">{{Luaigh foilseachán|author=Pocock, R. I.|date=1939|url=https://archive.org/stream/PocockMammalia1/pocock1#page/n247/mode/2up|title="Panthera tigris"|journal=The Fauna of British India, Including Ceylon and Burma. Vol. Mammalia|volume=Vol. 1|pages=lgh. 197–210|publisher=T. Taylor and Francis, Ltd|location=Londain}}</ref>, le dath idir [[ciarbhuí]] agus cróchdhearg air<ref name=":2" /><ref>{{cite report|title=Indian National Studbook of the Bengal Tiger (''Panthera tigris tigris'') |publisher=Central Zoo Authority, Wildlife Institute of India |date=2011 |url=https://cza.nic.in/uploads/documents/studbooks/english/Bengal%20Tiger%20Studbook%202011.pdf |last1=Srivastav|first1=A. |last2=Malviya |first2=M. |last3=Tyagi |first3=P. C.|last4=Nigam |first4=P. |name-list-style=amp |access-date=27 May 2024}}</ref> agus polláirí atá measartha fada agus caol.<ref name="Mazák2010"/> | |[[File:Adult male Royal Bengal tiger.jpg|frameless]] |- style="vertical-align: top;" | [[Extinction|†]] [[Tíogar Caispeach]] {{small|ainm déthéarmach ''P. t. virgata'' ([[Johann Karl Wilhelm Illiger|Illiger]], 1815)}}<ref name="Illiger">{{Luaigh foilseachán|author=Illiger, K.|date=1815|title=Überblick der Säugethiere nach ihrer Verteilung über die Welttheile|journal=Abhandlungen der Königlichen Preußischen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin 1804–1811|pages=lgh. 39-159|publisher=Realschul-Buchhandlung|location=Berlin|url=https://bibliothek.bbaw.de/digitalisierte-sammlungen/akademieschriften/ansicht-akademieschriften?tx_bbaw_academicpublicationshow%5Baction%5D=show&tx_bbaw_academicpublicationshow%5Bcontroller%5D=AcademicPublication%5CVolume&tx_bbaw_academicpublicationshow%5Bpage%5D=195&tx_bbaw_academicpublicationshow%5Bvolume%5D=85&cHash=f015ec3f9a13240a9559ebdcb88aafa4}}</ref> | |Bhíodh an pobal seo ag cur faoi ón Túirc go dtí an [[Muir Chaisp|Mhuir Chaisp]].<ref name=Jackson1996/> Bhí fionnadh geal meirgeach rua air le stríoca tanaí a bhí an-ghar dá gcéile<ref>{{Harvnb|Sludskii|1992}}, lch. 137.</ref> agus [[cnámh cúlphlaice]] leathan.<ref name=Kitchener1999/> Nocht anailís ghéiniteach gur garghaol leis an tíogar Amúrach a bhí ann.<ref name="Driscoll2009">{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Mitochondrial Phylogeography Illuminates the Origin of the Extinct Caspian Tiger and Its Relationship to the Amur Tiger|url=https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0004125|journal=PLOS ONE|date=14 Ean 2009|issn=1932-6203|pmc=2624500|pmid=19142238|pages=e4125|volume=4|issue=1|doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0004125|language=en|author=Driscoll, C. A.; Yamaguchi, N.; Bar-Gal, G. K.; Roca, A. L.; Luo, S.; MacDonald, D. W. & O'Brien, S. J.}}</ref> Tá pobal an tíogair seo díothaithe ó bhí na 1970idí ann.<ref name=Seidensticker1999/> | |[[File:Panthera tigris virgata.jpg|frameless]] |- style="vertical-align: top;" | [[Tíogar Amúrach]] {{small|ainm déthéarmach ''P. t. altaica'' ([[Coenraad Jacob Temminck|Temminck]], 1844)}}<ref name="Temminck">{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Aperçu général et spécifique sur les Mammifères qui habitent le Japon et les Iles qui en dépendent|url=https://archive.org/details/faunajaponicasi00sieb/page/43|publisher=Lugduni Batavorum : Apud Auctorem|date=1844|coauthors=In Siebold, P. F. v.; Temminck, C. J.; Schlegel, H. (eag.).; Museum of Comparative Zoology Harvard University|author=Siebold, P. F. v.; Haan, W. de.; Temminck, C. J.; Schlegel, H.|journal=Fauna japonica, sive, Descriptio animalium, quae in itinere per Japoniam, jussu et auspiciis, superiorum, qui summum in India Batava imperium tenent, suscepto, annis 1823-1830|location=Leiden}}</ref> | |Tá cónaí ar an phobal seo tíogar i [[Cianoirthear na Rúise|gCianoirthear na Rúise]], in [[Oirthuaisceart na Síne]] agus b'fhéidir sa [[An Chóiré Thuaidh|Chóiré Thuaidh]].<ref name=Jackson1996/> Tá gruaig fhada agus fionnadh tiubh ar an tíogar Amúrach.<ref name=Temminck/> Athraíonn a dhath talún ó [[ócar]]-buí sa gheimhreadh go dath atá níos rua agus níos beoga tar éis dó a fhionnadh a chur.<ref>{{Harvnb|Sludskii|1992}}, lch. 131.</ref> Tá an blaosc níos giorra agus níos leithne ná blaoscanna na dtíogar ó dheas.<ref name="Mazák2010">{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Craniometric variation in the tiger (Panthera tigris): Implications for patterns of diversity, taxonomy and conservation|url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1616504708000621|journal=Mammalian Biology|date=2010-01-01|issn=1616-5047|pages=45–68|volume=75|issue=1|doi=10.1016/j.mambio.2008.06.003|author=Ji H. Mazák}}</ref> | |[[File:P.t.altaica Tomak Male.jpg|frameless]] |- style="vertical-align: top;" | [[Tíogar na Síne Theas]] {{small|ainm déthéarmach ''P. t. amoyensis'' ([[Max Hilzheimer|Hilzheimer]], 1905)}}<ref name=Hilzheimer>{{cite journal |last=Hilzheimer |first=M. |date=1905 |title=Über einige Tigerschädel aus der Straßburger zoologischen Sammlung |journal=Zoologischer Anzeiger |volume=28 |pages=594–599 |url=https://archive.org/details/zoologischeranze28deut/page/596}}</ref> | |Bhí an tíogar seo le fáil ó dheas i lár na Síne.<ref name=Jackson1996/> Bhí blaoscanna ag an chúig [[Eiseamláir an chineáil|eiseamláir cineáil]] a raibh fiacla [[Fiacla carnasacha|carnasacha]] agus [[cúlfhiacail]] níos giorra acu ná tíogair ón India, cráiniam níos lú, [[logall súile]] a luigh níos gaire dá gcéile le [[Starr iar-logall súile|stairr iar-logall súile]] níos mó; bhíodh a chraicinn sách buí le stríoca a bhí cosúil le [[rombas]].<ref name=Hilzheimer/> Tá [[haplaitíopa]] mtADN faoi leith aige de bharr a phóraithe le seanghinealaigh tíogar.<ref name=catsg/><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":4">{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=An extinct and deeply divergent tiger lineage from northeastern China recognized through palaeogenomics|url=https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9326283/|journal=Proceedings. Biological Sciences|date=2022-07-27|issn=1471-2954|pmc=9326283|pmid=35892215|pages=20220617|volume=289|issue=1979|doi=10.1098/rspb.2022.0617|author=Jiaming Hu, Michael V. Westbury, Junxia Yuan, Chunxue Wang, Bo Xiao, Shungang Chen, Shiwen Song, Linying Wang, Haifeng Lin, Xulong Lai, Guilian Sheng}}</ref> Tá sé díothaithe san fhiántas mar nach bhfacthas go hoifigiúil ó bhí na 1970idí ann,<ref name=":3" /> agus ní mhaireann sé ach i ngéibheann anois.<ref name=Wang2023/> | |[[File:2012 Suedchinesischer Tiger.JPG|frameless]] |- style="vertical-align: top;" | [[Tíogar Ind-Síneach]] {{small|ainm déthéarmach ''P. t. corbetti'' ([[Vratislav Mazák|Mazák]], 1968)}}<ref name="Mazak1968">{{cite journal |last=Mazák|first=V.|date=1968|title=Nouvelle sous-espèce de tigre provenant de l'Asie du sud-est|journal=Mammalia|volume=32|issue=1|pages=104–112|doi=10.1515/mamm.1968.32.1.104}}</ref> | |Faightear pobal an tíogair seo ar an [[Leithinis Ind-Síneach]].<ref name=Jackson1996/> Tá cráiniam níos lú ná ceann an tíogair Bheangál ag eiseamláir an tíogair Ind-Sínigh agus is cosúil go bhfuil fionnadh níos dorcha le stríoca níos tanaí orthu.<ref name=Mazak1968/><ref name="mazak06">{{cite journal|last1=Mazák|first1=J. H.|last2=Groves|first2=C. P.|name-list-style=amp|date=2006|title=A taxonomic revision of the tigers (''Panthera tigris'') of Southeast Asia|journal=Mammalian Biology|volume=71|issue=5|pages=268–287|doi=10.1016/j.mambio.2006.02.007|bibcode=2006MamBi..71..268M|url=http://www.dl.edi-info.ir/A%20taxonomic%20revision%20of%20the%20tigers%20of%20Southeast%20Asia.pdf|access-date=15 January 2024|archive-date=31 May 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230531133543/http://www.dl.edi-info.ir/A%20taxonomic%20revision%20of%20the%20tigers%20of%20Southeast%20Asia.pdf|url-status=live|author=Mazák, J. H. & Groves, C. P.}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230531133543/http://www.dl.edi-info.ir/A%20taxonomic%20revision%20of%20the%20tigers%20of%20Southeast%20Asia.pdf |date=31 Bealtaine 2023 }}</ref> | |[[File:Panthera tigris corbetti (Tierpark Berlin) 832-714-(118).jpg|frameless]] |- style="vertical-align: top;" | [[Tíogar Malaech]] {{small|ainm déthéarmach ''P. t. jacksoni'' (Luo et al., 2004)}}<ref name="Luo04">{{cite journal |date=2004|title=Phylogeography and genetic ancestry of tigers (''Panthera tigris'')|journal=[[PLOS Biology]]|volume=2|issue=12|pmid=15583716|pmc=534810|doi=10.1371/journal.pbio.0020442|author=Luo, S.-J.; Kim, J.-H.; Johnson, W. E.; van der Walt, J.; Martenson, J.; Yuhki, N.; Miquelle, D. G.; Uphyrkina, O.; Goodrich, J. M.; Quigley, H. B.; Tilson, R.; Brady, G.; Martelli, P.; Subramaniam, V.; McDougal, C.; Hean, S.; Huang, S.-Q.; Pan, W.; Karanth, U. K.; Sunquist, M.; Smith, J. L. D. & O'Brien, S. J.|pages=e442}}</ref> | |Moladh an tíogar Malaech mar fhospeiceas faoi leith bunaithe ar dhifríocht idir a mtADN agus a mhionsheichimh satailíte agus iad an tíogair Ind-Sínigh.<ref name=Luo04/> Níl difríocht rómhór idir dath a fhionnaidh ná méid a bhlaoisc agus iad an tíogair Ind-Sínigh ach an oiread.<ref name=mazak06/> Níl aon teorainn shoiléir idir phobail tíogar i dtuaisceart na [[An Mhalaeis|Malaeise]] agus deisceart na [[An Téalainn|Téalainne]].<ref name=":3" /> | |[[File:2012-09-15 Tierpark Berlin 26 (cropped).jpg|frameless]] |} {| class="wikitable" |+ style="text-align: centre;" | ''Panthera tigris sondaica'' {{small|(Temminck, 1844)}}<ref name=catsg/> ! Pobal !! Cur síos !! Íomhá |- style="vertical-align: top;" | †[[Tíogar Iávach]] {{small|ainm déthéarmach ''P. t. sondaica'' (Temminck, 1944)}}<ref name=Temminck/> | |Rinneadh cur síos ar an tíogar seo bunaithe ar líon seithí anaithnid a raibh gruaig ghearr mhín orthu.<ref name=Temminck/> Bhí na tíogair de bhunadh [[Iáva]] measartha beag i gcomparáid le tíogair na mórthíre Áisí, bhí blaoscanna sách fada acu i gcomparáid leis an tíogar Shumatrach agus bhí stríoca níos faide, níos tanaí agus níos iomadúla acu.<ref name=mazak06/> Meastar go bhfuil pobal an tíogair Iávaigh díothaithe ó bhí na 1980idí ann. <ref name=Seidensticker1999/> | |[[File:COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM Een groep mannen en kinderen poseert bij een pas geschoten tijger te Malingping in Bantam West-Java TMnr 10006636.jpg|frameless]] |- style="vertical-align: top;" | †[[Tíogar Bailí]] {{small|ainm déthéarmach ''P. t. balica'' ([[Ernst Schwarz (zoologist)|Schwarz]], 1912)}}<ref name=Schwarz>{{cite journal |last=Schwarz |first=E. |date=1912 |title=Notes on Malay tigers, with description of a new form from Bali |journal=Annals and Magazine of Natural History |pages=324–326 |series=8 |volume=10 |issue=57 |doi=10.1080/00222931208693243 |url=https://archive.org/stream/annalsmagazineof8101912lond#page/324/mode/2up}}</ref> | | Bhíodh an tíogar seo le fáil ar [[Bailí|Bhailí]] agus bhí fionnadh níos gile air agus blaosc níos lú aige ná mar a bhí ag an tíogar Iávach.<ref name=Schwarz/><ref name="der-tiger">{{cite book |author=Mazak, V.|year=2004|title=''Der Tiger''|publisher=Westarp Wissenschaften Hohenwarsleben|location=Madgeburg|isbn=978-3-89432-759-0|language=de}}</ref> Gné tipicúil de bhlaoisc an tíogair Bhailí ná an cnámh cúlphlaice caol atá cosúil le blaosc an tíogar Iávach.<ref>{{cite journal |date=1978|title=Skin and Skull of the Bali Tiger, and a list of preserved specimens of ''Panthera tigris balica'' (Schwarz, 1912)|journal=[[Zeitschrift für Säugetierkunde]]|volume=43|issue=2|pages=108–113|author=Mazák, V.; Groves, C. P. & Van Bree, P.}}</ref> Tá an pobal seo díothaithe ó bhí na 1940idí ann.<ref name="Seidensticker1999">{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Riding the tiger : tiger conservation in human-dominated landscapes|url=http://archive.org/details/ridingtigertiger00unse|publisher=[London] : Zoological Society of London; Cambridge [England]; New York : Cambridge University Press|date=1999|coauthors=Better World Books|author=Seidensticker, J.; Christie, S. & Jackson, P.|pages=lgh. xv-xx}}</ref> | |[[File:Bali tiger zanveld.jpg|frameless]] |- style="vertical-align: top;" | [[Tíogar Sumatrach]] {{small|ainm déthéarmach ''P. t. sumatrae'' ([[Reginald Innes Pocock|Pocock]], 1929)}}<ref name=Pocock1929>{{cite journal |last=Pocock |first=R. I. |date=1929 |title=Tigers |journal=[[Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society]] |volume=33 |pages=505–541 |url=https://archive.org/details/journalofbomb33341929bomb/page/n185}}</ref> | Bhí fionnadh dorcha ar an chéad eiseamlár den tíogar seo arb as [[Sumatra]] dó.<ref name=Pocock1929/> Tá gruaig sách fada um aghaidh an tíogair Shumatraigh<ref name=Jackson1996/> agus tá stríoca tiubha coirp chomh maith le [[cnámh sróine]] níos leithne agus níos lú aige ná mar atá ag na tíogair oileáin eile.<ref name=mazak06/> | |[[File:Panthera tigris sumatrae (Sumatran Tiger) close-up.jpg|frameless]] |} === Éabhlóid === {{Cladogram|{{clade |label1=''[[Panthera]]'' |1={{clade |1={{clade |1=[[Liopard sneachta]] [[File:Schneeleoparden (Panthera uncia) Zoo Salzburg 2014 f white background.jpg|70px]] |2='''Tíogar''' [[File:Tigress in Bandhavgarh NP white background.jpg|70px]] }} |2={{clade |1=[[Iaguar]] [[File:Jaguar (Panthera onca palustris) male Three Brothers River white background.JPG|70px]] |label2=&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |2={{clade |1=[[Liopard]] [[File:Flickr - Rainbirder - Sassy Lassy white background.jpg|70px]] |2=[[Leon]] [[File:Panthera leo -Ngorongoro, Tanzania-8b white background.jpg|70px]] }} }} }} }}|align=right|caption=Fíligineacht an ghéinis ''Panthera'' bunaithe ar staidéar [[ADN núicléach]] ó 2016<ref name=Li_al2016>{{cite journal |date=2016 |title=Phylogenomic evidence for ancient hybridization in the genomes of living cats (Felidae) |journal=Genome Research |volume=26 |issue=1 |pages=1–11 |doi=10.1101/gr.186668.114 |pmid=26518481 |pmc=4691742|author=Li, G.; Davis, B. W.; Eizirik, E.; Murphy, W. J.}}</ref>}}Roinneann an tíogar an géineas ''Panthera'' leis an [[leon]], an [[liopard]], an [[iaguar]] agus an [[liopard sneachta]]. Léiríonn torthaí anailísí ginideacha gur [[comhspeiceas]] iad an tíogar agus an liopard sneachta agus gur scar a [[Ginealach|nginealaigh]] óna gcéile idir 2.70 agus 3.70 milliún bliain ó shin.<ref>{{cite journal |title=Supermatrix and species tree methods resolve phylogenetic relationships within the big cats, ''Panthera'' (Carnivora: Felidae)|url=https://archive.org/details/molecular-phylogenetics-and-evolution_2010-07_56_1/page/68|journal=Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution|year=2010|volume=56|issue=1|pages=64–76|pmid=20138224|doi=10.1016/j.ympev.2010.01.036|bibcode=2010MolPE..56...64D|author=Davis, B. W.; Li, G. & Murphy, W. J.}}</ref> Léiríonn seicheamhú géinte iomláin an tíogair [[Athsheicheamh|athsheichimh]] atá ar chomhthreomhar leo i ngéanóm na gcat eile.<ref>{{Cite journal |title=The tiger genome and comparative analysis with lion and snow leopard genomes|doi=10.1038/ncomms3433|pmid=24045858|pmc=3778509|journal=Nature Communications|volume=4|year=2013|bibcode=2013NatCo...4.2433C|author=Cho, Y. S.; Hu, L.; Hou, H.; Lee, H.; Xu, J.; Kwon, S.; Oh, S.; Kim, H. M.; Jho, S.; Kim, S.; Shin, Y. A.; Kim, B. C.; Kim, H.; Kim, C. U.; Luo, S. J.; Johnson, W. E.; Koepfli, K. P.; Schmidt-Küntzel, A.; Turner, J. A.; Marker, L.; Harper, C.; Miller, S. M.; Jacobs, W.; Bertola, L. D.; Kim, T. H.; Lee, S.; Zhou, Q.; Jung, H. J.; Xu, X. & Gadhvi, P.|pages=2443}}</ref> Rinneadh cur síos ar an speiceas iontaiseach ''[[Panthera palaeosinensis]]'' ón [[Pléisticéineach|Phléisticéineach]] luath i dtuaisceart na Síne mar shinsear féideartha tíogair nuair a aimsíodh é in 1924 ach creideann cláidistíocht an lae inniu go [[Bonnach (fíliginiteach)|bonnspeiceas]] é i gcomparáid le ''Panthera'' na linne seo.<ref name="Mazák">{{cite journal |year=2011|title=Oldest Known Pantherine Skull and Evolution of the Tiger|journal=PLOS ONE|volume=6|issue=10|doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0025483|pmid=22016768|bibcode=2011PLoSO...625483M|pmc=3189913|author=Mazák, J. H.; Christiansen, P. & Kitchener, A. C.|pages=25483}}</ref><ref name="Tseng">{{cite journal |date=2014|title=Himalayan fossils of the oldest known pantherine establish ancient origin of big cats|journal=Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences|volume=281|issue=1774|doi=10.1098/rspb.2013.2686|pmid=24225466|pmc=3843846|author=Tseng, Z. J.; Wang, X.; Slater, G. J.; Takeuchi, G. T.; Li, Q.; Liu, J. & Xie, G.}}</ref> Bhí ''[[Panthera zdanskyi]]'' ina chónaí ann thart ar an am agus an áit chéanna agus moladh gur comhspeiceas leis an tíogar reatha a bhí ann nuair a imscrúdaíodh é sa bhliain 2014.<ref name=Mazák/> Ó 2023 ar aghaidh, áfach, meastar gur comhchiallach é ''P. palaeosinensis'' de ''P. zdanskyi'' in dhá staidéar a rinneadh ina dhiaidh sin nuair a thug siad faoi deara go luíonn na difríochtaí atá aige ón speiceas sin laistigh de réimse na n-éagsúlachtaí indibhidiúla.<ref>{{cite journal |title=The identity of the "lion", ''Panthera principialis'' sp. nov., from the Pliocene Tanzanian site of Laetoli and its significance for molecular dating the pantherine phylogeny, with remarks on Panthera shawi (Broom, 1948), and a revision of Puma incurva (Ewer, 1956), the Early Pleistocene Swartkrans "leopard" (Carnivora, Felidae)|url=|journal=Palaeobiodiversity and Palaeoenvironments|year=2023|volume=103|issue=2|pages=465–487|doi=10.1007/s12549-022-00542-2|bibcode=2023PdPe..103..465H|author=Hemmer, Helmut}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|doi=10.1080/08912963.2022.2034808|title=Discovery of jaguar from northeastern China middle Pleistocene reveals an intercontinental dispersal event|date=2023|journal=Historical Biology|volume=35|issue=3|pages=293–302|bibcode=2023HBio...35..293J|author=Jiangzuo, Q.; Wang, Y.; Ge, J.; Liu, S.; Song, Y.; Jin, C.; Jiang, H. & Liu, J.}}</ref> Is iad blúirí géill a aimsíodh in [[Lantian County|Lantion]] na Síne an nochtadh is luaithe den tíogar reatha sa taifead iontaiseach a théann siar go dtí an Pléisticéineach luath.<ref name=Mazák/> Aimsíodh iontaisí tíogair ón Mheán- go dtí an Luathphléisticéineach fud fad na Síne, Iáva agus Sumatra. I measc na bhfospeiceas réamhstairiúil tá ''[[Panthera tigris trinilensis]]'' agus ''[[Panthera tigris soloensis|P. t. soloensis]]'' de bhunadh Iáva agus Sumatra agus ''[[Panthera tigris acutidens|P. t. acutidens]]'' de bhunadh na Síne; fuarthas iontaisí tíogair ón Phléisticéineach dhéanach agus ón [[An Sealad Holaicéineach|Luathholaicéineach]] i [[Boirneo|mBoirneo]] agus [[Palawan]] na [[Na hOileáin Fhilipíneacha|nOileán Filipíneach]].<ref name="Kitchener2009">Kitchener, A. & Yamaguchi, N. (2009). "What is a Tiger? Biogeography, Morphology, and Taxonomy" in {{harvnb|Tilson|Nyhus|2010|pp=|lgh=}}, lgh. 53–84</ref> Tuairiscítear go bhfuil samplaí den tíogar ón Phléisticéineach Mheán-dheánach a fuarthas sa [[An tSeapáin|tSeapáin]].<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=The Japanese Archipelago sheltered cave lions, not tigers, during the Late Pleistocene|url=https://pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.2523901123|journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences|date=2026-02-10|issn=0027-8424|pmc=12890994|pmid=41587328|volume=123|issue=6|doi=10.1073/pnas.2523901123|language=en|author=Xin Sun, Lanhui Peng, Takumi Tsutaya, Qigao Jiangzuo, Yoshikazu Hasegawa, Yuxin Hou, Yu Han, Yan Zhuang, Nuno Filipe Gomes Martins, Jazmin Ramos Madrigal, Alberto J. Taurozzi, Meaghan Mackie, Gaudry Trochė, Jesper V. Olsen, Enrico Cappellini, Stephen J. O’Brien, M. Thomas P. Gilbert, Nobuyuki Yamaguchi, Shu-Jin Luo}}</ref> Léiríonn torthaí staidéar [[fíleathíreolaíoch]] go bhfuil comhshinsear ag chuile speiceas tíogar beo a bhí beo idir 108,000 agus 72,000 bliain ó shin.<ref name="Luo04" /> Tugann staidéar géinte le fios gur chrap pobal an tíogair thart ar 115,000 bliain ó shin de bharr oighrithe. Síolraíonn pobal reatha na dtíogar ó [[Díseart|dhíseart]] a bhí san Ind-sín agus a leath ar fud na háise tar éis na [[An uasmhéid oighrithe deireanach|huasmhéide oighrithe deireanaí]]. De réir mar a chóilínigh siad oirthuaisceart na Síne, mheasc sinsir an tíogair Ind-sínigh le pobal iarmharach tíogar.<ref name=":4" /><ref name=":1" /> === Hibridí === ''Tuilleadh Eolais: [[Hibridí Feilideacha]] agus [[hibridí Panthera]]'' Is féidir le tíogair idirphórú le cait ''Panthera'' eile agus is amhlaidh atá déanta acu i ngéibheann. Is é an [[leogar]] toradh phóraithe an tíogair bhaininn agus an leoin fhirinn agus is é an [[tígleon]] toradh phóraithe an tíogair fhirinn agus an leoin bhaininn.<ref name="Gabryś">{{cite journal |year=|title=Interspecific hybrids of animals-in nature, breeding and science–a review|journal=Annals of Animal Science|volume=21|issue=2|pages=403–415|doi=10.2478/aoas-2020-0082|author=Gabryś, J.; Kij, B.; Kochan, J. & Bugno-Poniewierska, M.|date=2021|url=https://doi.org/10.2478%2Faoas-2020-0082}}</ref> Cuireann an t-athair leoin géin chur chun cinn an fháis ar aghaidh ach tá géin chomhfhreagrach srianta an fháis ón tíogar bhaineann in easnamh sa mhéad is go bhfásann leogair i bhfad níos mó ná ceachtar de speicis na dtuismitheoirí. Ní chuireann an tíogar fireann géin chur chun cinn an fháis ar aghaidh os a choinne sin cé go gcuireann an leon baineann géin srianta an fháis ar aghaidh; mar sin, bíonn tígleoin thart ar chomh mhéid lena dtuismitheoirí.<ref name="imprinting">{{Lua idirlín|teideal=Genomic Imprinting|url=https://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/epigenetics/imprinting/|dátarochtana=2025-12-01|language=en|foilsitheoir=Genetic Science Learning Center, Utah}}</ref> Toisc gur minic a fhorbraíonn siad éalanga ón bhroinn a mbaineann baol báis leo, glactar le pórú na hibridí mar nós neamheiticiúil.<ref name="Gabryś" /> == Cur síos == [[File:TigerSkelLyd1.png|thumb|left|Creatlach tíogair ó Royal Natural History Imleabhar 1 (1839)|alt=Drawing of tiger skeleton]] Tá morfeolaíocht fheilíneach thipiciúil ag an tíogar a bhfuil corp matánach, cosa giorraithe, géaga tosaigh láidre, lapaí tosaigh leathana, ceann mór agus eireaball atá thart ar leathfhad an choirp eile i bhfad aige.<ref name=":8">{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Panthera tigris|url=https://academic.oup.com/mspecies/article-lookup/doi/10.2307/3504004|journal=Mammalian Species|date=1981|pages=1-8|issue=152|doi=10.2307/3504004|author=Mazák, V.|bibcode=https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1981MamSp.152....1M|id=https://www.jstor.org/stable/3504004}}</ref>{{sfn|Sludskii|1992|p=98}} Tá cúig mhéar aige, [[drúchtchrobh]] ina measc sin, ar na cosa chun tosaigh agus ceithre cinn ar na cosa deiridh, a bhfuil crobha in-aistarraingthe atá fáiscthe agus cuartha ar féidir leo a bheith 10 cm i bhfad aige.<ref name=":8" />{{sfn|Thapar|2004|p=26}} Tá a chuid cluasa cruinn agus tá mac imrisc cruinn ar na súile.<ref name=":8" /> Críochnaíonn an smut i mbarr triantánach a bhfuil poncanna dubha beaga air dá mhéadaíonn a líon agus an tíogar ag dul in aois.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Combination of facial and nose features of Amur tigers to determine age|url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/1749-4877.12817|journal=Integrative Zoology|date=2025-01|issn=1749-4877|pages=186–198|volume=20|issue=1|doi=10.1111/1749-4877.12817|language=en|author=Caiping Zhao, Wenrui Dai, Qiang Liu, Dongqi Liu, Nathan James Roberts, Zhaoli Liu, Ming Gong, Hongkun Qiu, Changhai Liu, Dan Liu, Guangkai Ma, Guangshun Jiang}}</ref> Tá blaosc an tíogair scafánta le réigiún tosaigh teoranta le [[Logall súile|logaill súile]] éilipseacha atá beag go comhréireach, [[Cnámh sróine|cnámha sróine]] fada agus cráiniam fadaithe le [[moing saighdeach]] mór.{{sfn|Sludskii|1992|p=103}}<ref name=":8" /> Tá sé cosúil le blaosc an leoin ach tá difríocht ann idir an dá bhlaosc de bharr íochtar cuasach nó leacaithe an ghéill íochtair agus an tsrón atá níos faide.{{sfn|Sludskii|1992|p=103}}<ref name=":8" /> Tá thart ar 30 fiacail atá sách scafánta ag an tíogar agus tá a [[Starrfhiacail|starrfhiacla]] cuartha ar na cinn is faide i measc na gcat agus iad 6.4-7.6 cm (2.5-3.0 or).<ref name=":8" />{{sfn|Thapar|2004|p=25}} Tá fad cheann-choirp an tíogair idir 1.4-2.8 m (4 tr 7 or - 9 tr 2 or) le heireaball atá 0.6-1.1 m (2 tr 0 or - 3 tr 7 or) agus seasann sé 0.8-1.1 m (2 tr 7 or - 3 tr 7 or) ag an ghualainn.<ref name="Walker">{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Panthera tigris (tiger)|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=T37sFCl43E8C&pg=PA825|publisher=Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press|date=1999-07-29|language=en|author=Novak, R. M. & Walker, E. P|journal=Walker's Mammals of the World|issue=6|pages=825-828}}</ref> Is mó an tíogar Bheangál agus an tíogar Sumatrach de na speicis éagsúla.<ref name=":8" /> Meánn tíogair Bheangál fhireannacha idir 200-260 kg (440-570 lb), agus meánn na baineannaigh idir 100-160 kg (220-250 lb); is lú na tiogair oileánacha de na speicis éagsúla, is cosúil gur de bharr [[abhcacht oileánach]] atá sé.<ref name="Kitchener1999" /> Meánn tiogair Shumatracha fhireannacha idir 100-140 kg (220-310 lb) agus meánn na baineannaigh idir 75-110 kg (165-243 lb).<ref name=":9">Sunquist, M. (2010). "What is a Tiger? Ecology and Behaviour" in {{Harvnb|Tilson|Nyhus|2010|lgh=19/34}}, lgh. 19−34</ref> Meastar gurb é an tíogar an speiceas féilíneach beo is mó ar domhan; ach toisc go bhfuil difríocht mhór méide agus meáchain idir na pobail tíogar éagsúla, is féidir gur lú meánmheáchan an tíogair ná é an leoin, a fhad agus a bhíonn na tíogair is mo níos mó ná na leoin chosúla.<ref name="Kitchener2009" /> === Fionnadh === [[Íomhá:Tiger_Stripes_(29808869755).jpg|alt=Close up of a tiger's fur|mion|Fionnadh an tíogair Amúraigh ar a chliathán (taobh)]] Bíonn ribí gruaige gearra ar fhionnadh an tíogair de ghnáth, ar féidir a bheith chomh fada le 35 mm (1.4 or), ach is féidir le ribí gruaige an tíogair Amúraigh tuaisceart-chónaithigh fad de 105 mm (4.1 or) a shroicheadh. De ghnáth, is faide ribí gruaige an bhoilg ná iad na droma. Bíonn dlús a bhfionnaidh tanaí de ghnáth ach forbraíonn an tíogar Amúrach fionnadh geimhridh atá sách tiubh. Tá línte fionnaidh um aghaidh an tíogair agus guairí fada orthu, na fireannaigh ach go háirithe.<ref name=":8" /> Tá [[Dath ainmhithe|dath]] oráiste air a athraíonn ó scothbhuí go ruánach.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Tiger: the ultimate guide|publisher=CDS books in association with Two brothers press|date=2004|location=New York|author=Valmik Thapar|url=https://archive.org/details/tigerultimategui0000thap/mode/2up}}</ref> Clúdaíonn fionnadh bán an t-íochtar ó cheann go heireaball, thar dromchla istigh na gcos agus codanna den aghaidh.<ref name=":8" /><ref name=":6">{{Harvnb|Sludskii|1992|lgh=99-102}}, lgh. 99-102.</ref> Tá spota bán feiceálach ar chúl na gcluasa atá timpeallaithe le fionnadh dubh.<ref name=":8" /> Marcáiltear an tíogar le stríoca dubha nó dubhdhonna agus bíonn pátrún faoi leith ag chuile thíogar.<ref name=":8" /><ref name=":7">Miquelle, D. "Tiger" in {{Harvnb|MacDonald|2001}}, lgh. 18-21</ref> Bíonn na stríoca ingearach den chuid is mó ach amháin na cinn ar na géaga agus ar an chlár éadain a bhíonn cothrománach. Tá an chuid is mó díobh le feiceáil ar cúl agus is féidir leo ar an cholainn íochtar an bhoilg a shroicheadh. Go hiondúil, bíonn barr géar ar na stríoca agus is féidir leo scaradh óna chéile nó teacht le chéile arís eile. Is bandaí tiubha iad na stríoca eireabaill agus barrtar a dheireadh le dubh.<ref name=":6" /> Tá an tíogar ar cheann den bheagán speiceas cait a bhfuil stríoca orthu.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Why the leopard got its spots: relating pattern development to ecology in felids|url=https://royalsocietypublishing.org/rspb/article/278/1710/1373/73541/Why-the-leopard-got-its-spots-relating-pattern|journal=Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences|date=2011-05-07|issn=0962-8452|pmc=3061134|pmid=20961899|pages=1373–1380|volume=278|issue=1710|doi=10.1098/rspb.2010.1734|language=en|author=William L. Allen, Innes C. Cuthill, Nicholas E. Scott-Samuel, Roland Baddeley}}</ref> Tá stríoca ina mbuntáiste don [[Duaithníocht|nduaithníocht]] i bhfásra a bhfuil pátrúin ingearacha solais agus scátha iontu cosúil le crainnte, giolcaigh agus féir arda.<ref name=":7" /><ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=The Adaptive Significance of Coloration in Mammals|url=https://academic.oup.com/bioscience/article/55/2/125-136/221478|journal=BioScience|date=2005|issn=0006-3568|pages=125-136|volume=55|issue=2|doi=10.1641/0006-3568(2005)055[0125:TASOCI]2.0.CO;2|language=en|author=Tim Caro}}</ref> Tacaíonn staidéar [[anailís Fourier]] a léirigh go n-aontaíonn pátrúin stríoca na dtíogar lena dtimpeallacht leis an teoiric seo.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Zebra stripes and tiger stripes: the spatial frequency distribution of the pattern compared to that of the background is significant in display and crypsis|url=https://academic.oup.com/biolinnean/article-lookup/doi/10.1111/j.1095-8312.1987.tb00442.x|journal=Biological Journal of the Linnean Society|date=1987-12|pages=427–433|volume=32|issue=4|doi=10.1111/j.1095-8312.1987.tb00442.x|language=en|author=D. Godfrey, J. N. Lythgoe, D. A. Rumball}}</ref> Is féidir go gcabhraíonn a ndathú oráiste leo iad a cheilt fosta mar tá creach an tíogair [[Dathdhaille|dathdhall]], rud a chiallaíonn nach bhfeictear an tíogar ach mar rud glas eile laistigh den fhásra. <ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Optimizing colour for camouflage and visibility using deep learning: the effects of the environment and the observer's visual system|url=https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rsif.2019.0183|journal=Journal of The Royal Society Interface|date=2019-05|issn=1742-5689|pages=20190183|volume=16|issue=154|doi=10.1098/rsif.2019.0183|language=en|author=J. G. Fennell, L. Talas, R. J. Baddeley, I. C. Cuthill, N. E. Scott-Samuel}}</ref> ==== Éagsúlacht datha ==== [[Íomhá:White_tiger_Nandankanan.jpeg|alt=White tiger with thickened stripes lying down|mion|[[Tíogar bán]] bréag-mhéilineach]] Níl a leithéid de thrí [[Bithathraitheach datha|bhithathraitheach datha]] an tíogair Bheangál – sneachta-bhán an-neamhstríocach, bán agus órga – le fáil san fhiántas sa lá atá inniu ann mar gheall ar laghdú na bpobal fiáin tíogar ach faightear i bpobail i ngéibheann iad fós. Tá dath cúlra bán le stríoca [[séipia]]<nowiki/>dhonna ar an [[Tíogar bán|tíogar bhán]]. Tá dath bán-órga le stríoca ruadhonna ar an [[tíogar órga]]. Is morf le stríoca an-éadroma agus eireaball séipiadhonn-fháinneach é an tíogar sneachta-bhán. Is de thoradh [[tréith chúlaitheach uathshómach]] le [[Lócas (géinitic)|lócas]] bán agus lócas [[Géinitic fhionnaidh chait|leathanbhanda]] iad na morfaí bána agus órga faoi seach. Is de thoradh [[Polaigéin|polaigéinte]] le lócais bhána agus leathanbhanda é an bithathraitheach sneachta-bhán.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=The genetics of tiger pelage color variations|url=https://www.nature.com/articles/cr201732|journal=Cell Research|date=2017-07|issn=1001-0602|pmc=5518981|pmid=28281538|pages=954–957|volume=27|issue=7|doi=10.1038/cr.2017.32|language=en|author=Xiao Xu, Gui-Xin Dong, Anne Schmidt-Küntzel, Xue-Li Zhang, Yan Zhuang, Run Fang, Xin Sun, Xue-Song Hu, Tian-You Zhang, Han-Dong Yang, De-Lu Zhang, Laurie Marker, Zheng-Fan Jiang, Ruiqiang Li, Shu-Jin Luo}}</ref> Tá tógáil an tíogair bháin an-chonspóideach mar níl siad úsáideach ó thaobh an chaomhnaithe de. Níl na géinte don mhorf datha seo ach ag 0.001% de thíogair fhiáine agus is é an t-[[ionphórú]] is cúis le ró-ionadaíocht an tíogair bháin i ngéibheann. Mar sin, má leanann an t-ionphórú seo ar aghaidh, tá an baol ann gurb iad [[spealadh ionphóraithe]] agus caillteanas na [[Inathraitheacht géinte|hinathraitheachta géinte]] i dtíogair i ngéibheann an toradh a bheidh ann.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|author=Xavier, N.|date=2010|url=https://www.currentscience.ac.in/Volumes/99/07/0894.pdf|title=A new conservation policy needed for reintroduction of Bengal tiger-white|journal=Current Science|volume=99|issue=7|pages=894–895}}</ref> Tá taifid ann de thíogair bhréag-[[Méilineach|mhéilineacha]] le stríoca cónascaithe i [[Páirc Náisiúnta Simlipal|bPáirc Náisiúnta Simlipal]] agus i dtrí zú Indiacha; léirigh anailís [[Géineolaíocht phobail|géineolaíochta pobail]] de shamplaí tíogar Indiach go bhfaightear an [[Feinitíopa|féinitíopa]] seo mar thoradh ar [[Sóchán|shócháin]] ghéin [[aimínipeiptíodáis]] [[Próitéin thras-scannáin|thras-scannáin]]. Tá an gné seo ag 37% de phobal tíogair Shimlipal, rud a nasctar le [[leithlisiú géiniteach]].<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=High frequency of an otherwise rare phenotype in a small and isolated tiger population|url=https://pnas.org/doi/full/10.1073/pnas.2025273118|journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences|date=2021-09-28|issn=0027-8424|pmc=8488692|pmid=34518374|volume=118|issue=39|doi=10.1073/pnas.2025273118|language=en|author=Vinay Sagar, Christopher B. Kaelin, Meghana Natesh, P. Anuradha Reddy, Rajesh K. Mohapatra, Himanshu Chhattani, Prachi Thatte, Srinivas Vaidyanathan, Suvankar Biswas, Supriya Bhatt, Shashi Paul, Yadavendradev V. Jhala, Mayank M. Verma, Bivash Pandav, Samrat Mondol, Gregory S. Barsh, Debabrata Swain, Uma Ramakrishnan}}</ref> == Dáileadh agus gnáthóg == [[Íomhá:Tigress_Anna_Savelevna_01.jpg|alt=Picture of tiger in forest at night|mion|Gaiste ceamara de thíogar Amúrach sa Rúis]] Bhíodh cead a chosa ag an tíogar go stairiúil agus cónaí air ó oirthear na Tuirce, tuaisceart na hIaráine agus an Afganastáin go dtí an Áise Láir agus ón Phacastáin thuaidh trí [[Fo-ilchríoch na hIndia|fho-ilchríoch na hIndia]] agus an Ind-Sín go hoirdheisceart na Sibéire, Sumatra, Iáva agus Bailí.<ref name=":8" /> Faoin bhliain 2022, ní raibh sé le fáil ach laistigh de 7% dá limistéar dáilte stairiúil agus bhí raon briste aige i bhfo-ilchríoch na hIndia, [[An Ind-Sín|leithinis na hInd-Síne]], Sumatra, oirthuaisceart na Síne agus [[Cianoirthear na Rúise]].<ref name=":3" /> Faoin bhliain 2020, bhí an t-achar is mó den ghnáthóg tíogair dhomhanda ag an India le 300,508 km² (116,027 mi²) á leanúint ag an Rúis le 195,819 km² (75,606 mi²).<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Range-wide trends in tiger conservation landscapes, 2001 - 2020|url=https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcosc.2023.1191280/full|journal=Frontiers in Conservation Science|date=2023|issn=2673-611X|volume=4|doi=10.3389/fcosc.2023.1191280|author=Sanderson, E. W.; Miquelle, D. G.; Fisher, K.; Harihar, A.; Clark, C.; Moy, J.; Potapov, P.; Robinson, N.; Royte, L.; Sampson, D.; Sanderlin, J.; Yackulic, C. B.; Belecky, M.; Breitenmoser, U.; Breitenmoser-Würsten, C.; Chanchani, P.; Chapman, S.; Deomurari, A.; Duangchantrasiri, S.; Facchini, E.; Gray, T. N. E.; Goodrich, J.; Hunter, L.; Linkie, M.; Marthy, W.; Rasphone, A.; Roy, S.; Sittibal, D.; Tempa, T.; Umponjan, M. & Wood, K.}}</ref> Tá cónaí ar an tíogar i ngnáthóga foraoise den chuid is mó agus is ainmhí an-sholúbtha é.<ref name=":9" /> Léiríonn taifid ón Áise Láir gur chuir sé faoi i bhforaoisí abhann [[Tugay]] agus foraoisí cnoic agus ísilchríche sa [[Réigiún Chugais|Chugais]].<ref>{{Harvnb|Sludskii|1992}}, lgh.&#x20;108–112</ref> I réigiún [[Amur (abhainn)|Amur-Ussuri]] na Rúise agus na Síne, cuireann sé faoi i [[Péine Chóiréach|bpéine Chóiréach]] agus i [[Foraois leathanduilleach agus mheasctha mheasartha|bhforaoisí leathanduilleacha agus measctha measartha]]; feidhmíonn [[Foraois abhann|foraoisí abhann]] mar phasáistí [[Scaipeadh bitheolaíoch|scaipthe]] a chuireann bia agus uisce ar fáil do thíogair agus a gcreach mar aon.<ref>Miquelle, D. G.; Smirnov, E. N.; Merrill, T. W.; Myslenkov, A. E.; Quigley, H.; Hornocker, M. G. & Schleyer, B. (1999). "Hierarchical spatial analysis of Amur tiger relationships to habitat and prey" in {{Harvnb|Seidenstecker|Christie|Jackson|1999}}, lgh. 71-99</ref> Faightear i [[Foraois leathanduilleach thais thrópaiceach agus fhothrópaiceach|bhforaoisí leathanduilleacha taise trópaiceacha agus fo-thrópaiceacha]], foraoisí leathanduilleacha agus measctha measartha, [[Foraois shíorghlasa thais thrópaiceach|foraoisí síorghlasa taise trópaiceacha]], [[Foraois thirim thrópaiceach|foraoisí tirime trópaiceacha]], [[Má thuiltrí|mánna tuiltrí]] agus sna [[Foraois mhangróbh|foraoisí mangróbh]] sna [[Sundarbans]] é go príomhá ar fho-ilchríoch na hIndia.<ref>Wikramanayake, E. D.; Dinerstein, E.; Robinson, J. G.; Karanth, K. U.; Rabinowitz, A.; Olson, D.; Mathew, T.; Hedao, P.; Connor, M.; Hemley, G. & Bolze, D. (1999). "Where can tigers live in the future? A framework for identifying high-priority areas for the conservation of tigers in the wild" in {{harvnb|Seidensticker|Christie|Jackson|1999}}, lgh. 265-267</ref> In [[Oirthear na Himiléithe]], taifeadadh i [[Foraois mheasartha|bhforaoisí measartha]] sa [[An Bhútáin|Bhútáin]] é ar airde de 4,200 m (13,800 tr), agus in oirdheaisceart na [[An Tibéid|Tibéide]] sna [[Cnoic Mishmi]] ar airde de 3,630 m (11,910 tr) agus i [[Contae Mêdog|gContae Mêdog]] ar airde de 3,139 m (10,299 tr).<ref>Jigme, K. & Tharchen, L. (2012). "Camera-trap records of tigers at high altitudes in Bhutan". ''Cat News'' (56): 14–15.</ref><ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=First photographic record of tiger presence at higher elevations of the Mishmi Hills in the Eastern Himalayan Biodiversity Hotspot, Arunachal Pradesh, India|url=https://threatenedtaxa.org/index.php/JoTT/article/view/4381|journal=Journal of Threatened Taxa|date=2018|issn=0974-7907|pages=12833–12836|volume=10|issue=13|doi=10.11609/jott.4381.10.13.12833-12836|author=Adhikarimayum, A. S. & Gopi, G. V.}}</ref><ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Tiger reappearance in Medog highlights the conservation values of the region for this apex predator|url=https://www.zoores.ac.cn/en/article/doi/10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2023.178|journal=Zoological Research|date=2023|issn=2095-8137|pmc=10415778|pmid=37464931|pages=747–749|volume=44|issue=4|doi=10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2023.178|language=en|author=Li, X. Y.; Hu, W. Q.; Wang, H. J. & Jiang, X. L.}}</ref> Cuireann sé faoi i bhforaoisí [[duillsilteach]] agus [[Planda síorghlas|síorghlasa]] sa Téalainn.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=How many tigers Panthera tigris are there in Huai Kha Khaeng Wildlife Sanctuary, Thailand? An estimate using photographic capture-recapture sampling|url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0030605307414107/type/journal_article|journal=Oryx|date=2007|issn=0030-6053|pages=447–453|volume=41|issue=4|doi=10.1017/S0030605307414107|language=en|author=Simcharoen, S.; Pattanavibool, A.; Karanth, K. U.; Nichols, J. D. & Kumar, N. S.}}</ref> In Sumatra, faightear i [[Foraois sheascainn mhóna|bhforaoisí seascainn móna]] ilchríche agus i [[Foraois Montane|bhforaoisí Montane]] garbha.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Population Status of a Cryptic Top Predator: An Island-Wide Assessment of Tigers in Sumatran Rainforests|url=https://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0025931|journal=PLoS ONE|date=2011|issn=1932-6203|pmc=3206793|pmid=22087218|pages=e25931|volume=6|issue=11|doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0025931|language=en|author=Wibisono, H. T.; Linkie, M.; Guillera-Arroita, G.; Smith, J. A.; Sunarto; Pusarini, W.; Asriadi; Baroto, P.; Brickle, N.; Dinata, Y.; Gemita, E.; Gunaryadi, D.; Haidir, I. A. & Herwansyah}}</ref> === Dlús pobail === Nocht [[Gaiste ceamara|gaistí ceamara]] le linn 2010-2015 i bhforaois dhuillsilteach agus phéine fho-thrópaiceach na [[Páirc Náisiúnta Jim Corbett|Páirce Náisiúnta Jim Corbett]] i dtuaisceart na hIndia go bhfuil [[Dlús daonra|dlús phobail]] tíogair seasmhach de 12-17 indibhidiúil in aghaidh gach 100 km² (39 mi²) laistigh de limistéar 521 km² (201 mi²).<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Demography of a high‐density tiger population and its implications for tiger recovery|url=https://besjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/1365-2664.13410|journal=Journal of Applied Ecology|date=2019|issn=0021-8901|pages=1725–1740|volume=56|issue=7|doi=10.1111/1365-2664.13410|language=en|author=Bisht, S.; Banerjee, S.; Qureshi, Q. & Jhala, Y.}}</ref> I dtuaisceart Mhaenmar, measadh dlús phobail tíogair sa limistéar samplála, a raibh thart ar 3,250 km² (1,250 mi²) d'fhoraois leathanduilleach thrópaiceach agus féarthalamh ann, a bheith idir 0.21–0.44 tíogair in aghaidh gach 100 km² (39 mi²) faoin bhliain 2009.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Estimating abundance with sparse data: tigers in northern Myanmar|url=https://esj-journals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1007/s10144-008-0093-5|journal=Population Ecology|date=2009|issn=1438-3896|pages=115–121|volume=51|issue=1|doi=10.1007/s10144-008-0093-5|language=en|author=Lynam, A. J.; Rabinowitz, A.; Myint, T.; Maung, M.; Latt, K. T. & Po, S. H. T.}}</ref> Measadh go bhfuil an dlús phobail i bhforaoisí leath-shíorghlasa agus duillsilteacha measctha [[Anaclann Fiadhúlra Huai Kha Khaeng]] na Téalainne thart ar 2.01 tíogair in aghaidh gach 100 km² (39 mi²); le linn na 1970idí agus 1980idí, tharla [[lománaíocht]] agus póitseáil sna [[Páirc Náisiúnta Mae Wong|Páirceanna Náisiúnta Mae Wong]] agus [[Páirc Náisiúnta Khlong Lan|Khlong Lan]] in aice láimhe, áit a measadh an dlús phobail a bheith i bhfad níos ísle, gan ach 0.359 tíogair in aghaidh gach 100 km² (39 mi²) faoin bhliain 2016.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Tiger density, movements, and immigration outside of a tiger source site in Thailand|url=https://conbio.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/csp2.560|journal=Conservation Science and Practice|date=2021|issn=2578-4854|volume=3|issue=12|doi=10.1111/csp2.560|language=en|author=Phumanee, W.; Steinmetz, R.; Phoonjampa, R.; Weingdow, S.; Phokamanee, S.; Bhumpakphan, N. & Savini, T.}}</ref> Measadh an dlús phobail i bhforaoisí [[Dipterocarpaceae|dipterocarp]] agus montane i dtuaisceart na Malaeise a bheith thart ar 1.47–2.43 tíogair fhásta in aghaidh gach 100 km² (39 mi²) i bPáirc Stáit Belum Ríoga, ach 0.3–0.92 tíogair fhásta a bheith ann in aghaidh gach 100 km² (39 mi²) in [[Anaclann Foraoise Temengor]], áit atá gan chosaint a mbíonn lománaíocht ar siúl [[Lománaíocht roghnaitheach|ar bhonn roghnaitheach]].<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Conserving tigers in Malaysia: A science-driven approach for eliciting conservation policy change|url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0006320714005035|journal=Biological Conservation|date=2015|pages=18–26|volume=184|doi=10.1016/j.biocon.2014.12.024|language=en|author=Rayan, D. M. & Linkie, M.}}</ref> == Iompar agus éiceolaíocht == [[Íomhá:Tigerwater_edit2.jpg|alt=Tiger in water|mion|Tíogar ag folcadh]] Léiríonn sonraí ghaistí ceamara go seachnaíonn tíogair i [[Páirc Náisiúnta Chitwan|bPáirc Náisiúnta Chitwan]] áiteanna a ghnáthaíonn daoine agus gur gníomhaí a bhíonn siad san oíche ná sa ló.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Coexistence between wildlife and humans at fine spatial scales|url=https://pnas.org/doi/full/10.1073/pnas.1210490109|journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences|date=2012|issn=0027-8424|pmc=3458348|pmid=22949642|pages=15360–15365|volume=109|issue=38|doi=10.1073/pnas.1210490109|language=en|author=Carter, N. H.; Shrestha, B. K.; Karki, J. B.; Pradhan, N. M. B. & Liu, J.}}</ref> Ba ghníomhaí sé thíogar a raibh coiléir raidió orthu ó bhreacadh an lae go dtí go luath ar maidin agus a mbuaic á sroicheadh thart ar a 7:00 a chlog ar maidin i [[Páirc Náisiúnta Sundarbans|bPáirc Náisiúnta Sundarbans]]. <ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Ranging, Activity and Habitat Use by Tigers in the Mangrove Forests of the Sundarban|url=https://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0152119|journal=PLOS ONE|date=2016|issn=1932-6203|pmc=4822765|pmid=27049644|pages=e0152119|volume=11|issue=4|doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0152119|language=en|author=Naha, D.; Jhala, Y. V.; Qureshi, Q.; Roy, M.; Sankar, K. & Gopal, R.}}</ref> Nocht suirbhé gaiste ceamara trí bliana i bhfad i [[Páirc Náisiúnta Shuklaphanta|bPáirc Náisiúnta Shuklaphanta]] gur ghníomhaí na tíogair ó chrónú go dtí lár na hoíche.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Coexisting large carnivores: spatial relationships of tigers and leopards and their prey in a prey-rich area in lowland Nepal|url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/11956860.2018.1491512|journal=Écoscience|date=2019|issn=1195-6860|pages=1–9|volume=26|issue=1|doi=10.1080/11956860.2018.1491512|language=en|author=Pokheral, C. P. & Wegge, P.}}</ref> In oirthuaisceart na Síne, bhí tíogair ina [[Ainmhí clapsholais|n-ainmhithe clapsholais]] agus iad gníomhach le linn na hóiche agus a gcuid gníomhaíochtaí ag baint a mbuaic amach ar bhreacadh an lae agus ar chrónú na hoíche; bhíodar gníomhach ag nach mór an t-am céanna agus a bhí a gcuid creiche.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Do prey availability, human disturbance and habitat structure drive the daily activity patterns of Amur tigers ( Panthera tigris altaica )?|url=https://zslpublications.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jzo.12622|journal=Journal of Zoology|date=2019|issn=0952-8369|pages=131–140|volume=307|issue=2|doi=10.1111/jzo.12622|language=en|author=H. Yang, S. Han, B. Xie, P. Mou, X. Kou, T. Wang, J. Ge, L. Feng}}</ref> Is snámhaí cumhachtach é an tíogar a théann trasna aibhneacha atá chomh leathan le 8 km (5.0 mi) go héasca; tumann sé é féin san uisce ar laethanta teo ach go háirithe.<ref name=":7" /> Go ginearálta, níl a scileanna dreaptha crainn chomh cumasach agus atáthar i gcait eile de bharr a mhéide, ach déanann coileáin faoi 16 mhí amhlaidh go rialta.<ref>{{Harvnb|Thapar|2004}}, lgh. 26, 64–66</ref> Taifeadadh tíogar fásta ar dhreapadh dhó 10 m (33 tr) suas [[crann pipal]] mín.<ref name=":8" /> === Scaradh sóisialta === Maireann tíogair fhásta saolta aonaracha laistigh dá [[Raon baile (ainmhí)|raonta baile]] nó dá [[Dúiche (ainmhí)|ndúichí]] den chuid is mó, dá bhraitheann a méid ar fhlúirse a gcreiche, ar na láithreacha tíreolaíocha agus ar ghnéas na hindibhide féin. Cosaíonn fireannaigh agus baineannaigh a raonta baile ar thíogair an ghnéis chéanna agus cuimsíonn raon baile na bhfireannach iad roinnt baineannach mar aon.<ref name=":8" /><ref name=":7" /> Bhí raonta baile de 10.6 agus 14.1 km² (4.1 agus 5.4 mi²) ag dhá bhaineannach sna [[Sundarbans]].<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Female tiger Panthera tigris home range size in the Bangladesh Sundarbans: the value of this mangrove ecosystem for the species’ conservation|url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0030605310001456/type/journal_article|journal=Oryx|date=2011|issn=0030-6053|pages=125–128|volume=45|issue=1|doi=10.1017/S0030605310001456|language=en|author=Barlow, A. C. D.; Smith, J. L. D.; Ahmad, I. U.; Hossain, A. N. M.; Rahman, M. & Howlader, A.}}</ref> D'athraigh raonta baile cúig bhaineannach athbhunaithe in [[Anaclann Tíogair Panna]] ó 53–67 km² (20–26 mi²) sa gheimhreadh go 55–60 km² (21–23 mi²) sa tsamhradh agus 46–94 km² (18–36 mi²) le linn an [[Monsún|mhonsúin]]; bhí raonta baile móra 84–147 km² (32–57 mi²) ag trí fhireannach sa gheimhreadh, 82–98 km² (32–38 mi²) sa tsamhradh agus 81–118 km² (31–46 mi²) le linn shéasúir an mhonsúin.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Movement and home range characteristics of reintroduced tiger (Panthera tigris) population in Panna Tiger Reserve, central India|url=http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10344-016-1026-9|journal=European Journal of Wildlife Research|date=2016|issn=1612-4642|pages=537–547|volume=62|issue=5|doi=10.1007/s10344-016-1026-9|language=en|author=Sarkar, M. S.; Ramesh, K.; Johnson, J. A.; Sen, S.; Nigam, P.; Gupta, S. K.; Murthy, R. S. & Saha, G. K.}}</ref> I [[Tearmann Bithsféir Sikhote-Alin|dTearmann Bithsféir Sikhote-Alin]], bhí raonta baile de 248–520 km² (96–201 mi²) ag 14 baineannach agus de 847–1,923 km² (327–742 mi²) ag cúig fhireannach a chuimsigh raonta baile chúig bhaineannach ar an uasmhéid.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Spatial structure of Amur (Siberian) tigers ( Panthera tigris altaica ) on Sikhote-Alin Biosphere Zapovednik, Russia|url=https://academic.oup.com/jmammal/article-lookup/doi/10.1644/09-MAMM-A-293.1|journal=Journal of Mammalogy|date=2010|issn=0022-2372|pages=737–748|volume=91|issue=3|doi=10.1644/09-MAMM-A-293.1|language=en|author=Goodrich, J. M.; Miquelle, D. G.; Smirnov, E. M.; Kerley, L. L.; Quigley, H. B. & Hornocker, M. G.}}</ref> Nuair a bhíodh coileáin de cheithre mhí d'aois ag tíogair bhaineanna sa tearmann chéanna, laghdóidís a raonta baile ionas go bhféadfaidís fanacht i ngar dá n-óga agus d'ardóidís a raonta baile de réir a chéile go dtí go mbeadh a n-óga 13–18 mí d'aois.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=The influence of reproductive status on home range size and spatial dynamics of female Amur tigers|url=http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s13364-020-00547-2|journal=Mammal Research|date=2021|issn=2199-2401|pages=83–94|volume=66|issue=1|doi=10.1007/s13364-020-00547-2|language=en|author=Klevtcova, A. V.; Miquelle, D. G.; Seryodkin, I. V.; Bragina, E. V.; Soutyrina, S. V. & Goodrich, J. M.}}</ref> {{fráma íomhá|caption=[[Tíogar Bheangál|Tíogair Bheangál]] ag spraeáil múin (thuas) agus ag cuimilt de chrann chun a dhúiche a mharcáil|content={{CSS image crop |Image = Tiger spray marking. DavidRaju 1.jpg |bSize = 300 |cWidth = 150 |cHeight = 150 |oTop = 30 |oLeft = 30 }}{{CSS image crop |Image = Bijili (A tiger in Ranthambore National Park, 2016) 1.jpg |bSize = 150 |cWidth = 150 |cHeight = 150 |oTop = 30 |oLeft = 0 }}|width=150}} Is speiceas é an tíogar a théann ar rith i bhfad i gcéin agus a scaipeann thar fhaid suas le 650 km (400 mi) chun pobail tíogair in áiteanna eile a bhaint amach.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Connectivity of Tiger (Panthera tigris) Populations in the Human-Influenced Forest Mosaic of Central India|url=https://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0077980|journal=PLoS ONE|date=2013|issn=1932-6203|pmc=3819329|pmid=24223132|pages=e77980|volume=8|issue=11|doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0077980|language=en|author=Joshi, A.; Vaidyanathan, S.; Mondol, S.; Edgaonkar, A. & Ramakrishnan, U.}}</ref> Socraíonn tíogair bhaineanna óga a gcéad raonta baile i ngar dóibh a máithreacha ach déanann na tíogair fhireanna imirce níos faide amach ná a macasamhail bhaineann.<ref name=":10">{{Harvnb|Thapar|2004}}, lch. 76.</ref> Scaip ceithre thíogar baineanna a raibh [[Coiléar raidió|coiléir raidió]] orthu amach idir 0 agus 43.2 km (0.0 agus 26.8 mi) agus 10 dtíogar fireanna idir 9.5 agus 65.7 km (5.9 agus 40.8 mi) i bPáirc Náisiúnta Chitwan.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=The Role of Dispersal in Structuring the Chitwan Tiger Population|url=https://brill.com/view/journals/beh/124/3-4/article-p165_1.xml|journal=Behaviour|date=1993|issn=0005-7959|pages=165–195|volume=124|issue=3-4|doi=10.1163/156853993X00560|author=Smith, J. L. D.}}</ref> Cónaíonn fo-aosach fireann mar fhánaí i raon baile thíogair fhirinn eile go dtí go bhfuil sé níos sine agus láidir go leor chun dúshlán an fhireannaigh chónaithigh a thabhairt.<ref name=":10" /><ref>{{Harvnb|Mills|2004}}, lgh. 54–55. </ref> Marcálann tíogair a raonta baile trí [[Spraeáil múin|mhún a spraeáil]] ar fhásra agus chlocha, crúbáil nó [[cuimilt bholaidh]] a dhéanamh ar chrainnte agus conair a mharcáil le [[faecas]], táil [[Faireog tóna|fhaireog tóna]] agus scrabhanna talúna.<ref name=":7" /><ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Chemical Characterization of Territorial Marking Fluid of Male Bengal Tiger, Panthera tigris|url=http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10886-008-9462-y|journal=Journal of Chemical Ecology|date=2008|issn=0098-0331|pages=659–671|volume=34|issue=5|doi=10.1007/s10886-008-9462-y|language=en|author=Burger, B. V.; Viviers, M. Z.; Bekker, J. P. I.; Roux, M.; Fish, N.; Fourie, W. B. & Weibchen, G.}}</ref><ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Scent marking in free-ranging tigers,Panthera tigris|url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0003347289900018|journal=Animal Behaviour|date=1989|pages=1–10|volume=37|doi=10.1016/0003-3472(89)90001-8|language=en|author=Smith, J. L. D.; McDougal, C. & Miquelle, D.}}</ref><ref>{{Harvnb|Thapar|2004}}, lch. 105.</ref> Ligeann cuimilt bholaidh d'indibhid eolas a fháil amach faoi aitheantas tíogair eile. Is minic a ghlactar seilbh ar raonta baile a fhágtar gan úinéir laistigh de laethanta nó de sheachtainí, go háirithe nuair a fhaigheann an t‑úinéir bás.<ref name=":7" /> Bíonn tíogair bhaineanna níos fulangaí i leith bhaineannaigh eile laistigh dá raonta baile ná mar a bhíonn tíogair fhireann do fhireannaigh eile, ós rud é nach mbíonn fireannaigh caoinfhulangach de ghnáth. Réitítear aighnis trí imeaglú seachas trí throid go hiondúil. Mar sin féin, féadfaidh fireannach glacadh le híochtarán ina raon nuair a bhíonn [[Ceannasacht|an lámh in uachtar]] aige, fad nach dtagann an t-íochtaran róghar dó. Baineann na haighnis is fíochmhaire le dhá thíogar fireanna atá in iomaíocht lena chéile nuair atá baineannach in [[éastras]] sa cheantar.<ref>{{Harvnb|Mills|2004}}, lgh. 85–86.</ref> Bíonn tíogair níos sóisialta timpeall ar chreach nó ag conablach creiche. Roinnfidh tíogar fireann conablach leis na baineannaigh agus na coileáin laistigh dá raon baile uaireanta agus, murab ionann agus leoin fhireanna, ligfidh sé dóibh beathú sula gcríochnaíonn sé féin ag ithe. Mar sin féin, bíonn baineannaigh níos teannasaí nuair a bhuaileann siad le baineannaigh eile ag conablach creiche.<ref>{{Harvnb|Schaller|1967}}, lgh. 244–251.</ref><ref>{{Harvnb|Mills|2004}}, lch. 89.</ref> === Cumarsáid === Le linn teagmhálacha cairdiúla agus chun ceangail shóisialta a neartú, [[Bunting (iompar ainmhí)|cuimlíonn tíogair a gcoirp]] in aghaidh a chéile.<ref>{{Harvnb|Schaller|1967}}, lgh. 262–263.</ref> Áirítear ar a ngothaí gnúise an "bagairt chosanta", ina mbíonn an aghaidh rocach, na fiacla nochtaithe, na cluasa tarraingthe siar agus na mic imrisc méadaithe.<ref>{{Harvnb|Schaller|1967}}, lch. 263.</ref><ref name=":8" /> Taispeánann fireannaigh agus baineannaigh araon [[freagairt flehmen]], gruaim shainiúil ina gcuirtear strainc ar na liopaí, nuair a bholann siad marcálacha fuail. Úsáideann fireannaigh an fhreagairt flehmen chun marcálacha a fhágann tíogair bhaineanna atá in éastras a bhrath.<ref name=":8" /> Bogann tíogair a gcuid cluasa chun na spotaí bána atá ar a gcúl a thaispeáint, go háirithe le linn teagmhálacha ionsaitheacha agus idir máithreacha agus coileáin.<ref name=":11">{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Tiger Panthera tigris (Linnaeus, 1758)|publisher=University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-77999-7.|date=2002|location=Chicago|author=Sunquist, M. E. & Sunquist, F.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IF8nDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA320|journal=Wild Cats of the World|pages=343–372}}</ref> Úsáideann siad a n-eireabaill chomh maith chun a ngiúmar a chur in iúl. Chun croíúlacht a thaispeáint, cuirtear an t‑eireaball ag gobadh aníos agus luascann sé go mall. Nuair a bhíonn tíogar imníoch nó aireach, íslíonn sé a eireaball nó luascann sé ó thaobh go taobh é. Nuair atá sé socair, crochtar an t‑eireaball go híseal.<ref>{{Harvnb|Thapar|2004}}, lch. 29.</ref> De ghnáth bíonn tíogair ciúin, ach tá siad in ann réimse leathan glórtha a dhéanamh.<ref>{{Harvnb|Schaller|1967}}, lch. 256.</ref><ref>{{Harvnb|Thapar|2004}}, lch. 99.</ref> Ligeann siad búir astu chun a láithreacht a chur in iúl do thíogair eile thar achair fhada. Brúitear an fhuaim seo amach trí bhéal oscailte agus é ag dúnadh, agus is féidir í a chloisteáil suas le 3 km (1.9 mi) ar shiúl. Ligeann siad búir astu cúpla uair i ndiaidh a chéile agus freagraíonn tíogair eile ar an bhealach chéanna. Ligeann siad búir astu le linn cúplála fosta agus úsáidfidh máthair búir chun glaoch ar a coileáin. Nuair a bhíonn teannas orthu, ligeann tíogair sian astu, fuaim atá cosúil le búir ach atá níos boige agus a dhéantar nuair atá an béal dúnta go páirteach ar a laghad. Is féidir an sian seo a chloisteáil suas le 400 m (1,300 tr) ar shiúl.<ref name=":8" /><ref>{{Harvnb|Schaller|1967}}, lgh. 258–261.</ref> Le linn teagmhálacha ionsaitheacha, cloistear [[drantán]], [[Drannadh|drannach]] agus siosadh.<ref name=":12">{{Harvnb|Schaller|1967}}, lch. 261.</ref> Scaoiltear "búir chasachtach" nó "drannadh casachtach" amach trí bhéal oscailte agus fiacla nochtaithe.<ref name=":8" /><ref name=":12" /><ref name=":11" /> I gcúinsí níos cairdiúla, déanann tíogair ''[[prusten]]'', fuaim shéimh shrannach ísealmhinicíochta atá cosúil le [[crónán]] na gcat beag.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|author=Peters, G. & Tonkin-Leyhausen, B. A.|date=1999|title=Evolution of acoustic communication signals of mammals: Friendly close-range vocalizations in Felidae (Carnivora)|journal=Journal of Mammalian Evolution|volume=6|issue=2|doi=10.1023/A:1020620121416|pages=129–159|location=|publisher=S2CID 25252052}}</ref> Déanann máithreacha cumarsáid lena gcoileáin trí ghnúsacht, agus freagraíonn na coileáin le [[meamhlach]].<ref>{{Harvnb|Schaller|1967}}, lgh. 257–258.</ref> Nuair a bhaintear geit astu, déanann siad fuaim ghearr cosúil le "bhuf". Déanann siad fuaim "pok" mar a bheadh fia ann, ar chúiseanna nach bhfuil soiléir; is minice a chloistear í ag conablaigh chreiche, áfach.<ref>{{Harvnb|Schaller|1967}}, lgh. 256–258.</ref><ref>{{Harvnb|Mills|2004}}, lch. 62.</ref><gallery mode="packed" heights="150px"> Íomhá:Panthera_tigris_altaica_28_-_Buffalo_Zoo_(1).jpg|alt=Image of tiger barring teeth|Tíogar Amúrach ag nochtadh a chuid fiacla mar chomhartha ionsaitheachta Íomhá:Sumatran_tiger_(Panthera_tigris_sumatrae)_vocalising.webm|alt=Video of tiger roaring at a zoo|[[Tíogar Sumatrach]] i ngéibheann ag búireadh Íomhá:439280_schots_angry-tiger.wav|Tíogar i gcás ag drantú agus ag drannadh </gallery> === Seilg agus aiste bia === [[Íomhá:RANTHAMBORE_TIGER_RESERVE.jpg|alt=Tiger attacking a sambar deer from behind, pulling on its back|mion|Tíogar Bheangál ag ionsaí [[fia sambar]] in [[Anaclann Tíogair Ranthambore]]]] The tiger is a [[carnivore]] and an [[apex predator]]. [[Abundance (ecology)|Abundance]] and body weight of prey species are assumed to be the main criteria for the tiger's prey selection, both inside and outside protected areas.<ref>{{cite journal|author1=Biswas, S.|name-list-style=amp|author2=Kumar, S.|author3=Bandhopadhyay, M.|author4=Patel, S. K.|author5=Lyngdoh, S.|author6=Pandav, B.|author7=Mondol, S.|year=2023|title=What drives prey selection? Assessment of Tiger (''Panthera tigris'') food habits across the Terai-Arc Landscape, India|journal=Journal of Mammalogy|volume=104|issue=6|pages=1302–1316|doi=10.1093/jmammal/gyad069}}</ref> It feeds mainly on large and medium-sized [[Ungulate|hooved mammals]] such as [[sambar deer]], [[Manchurian wapiti]], [[barasingha]], [[gaur]] and [[wild boar]].<!--Please do not add any more species to this sentence.--><ref name="Hayward">{{cite journal|last1=Hayward|first1=M. W.|last2=Jędrzejewski|first2=W.|last3=Jędrzejewska|first3=B.|year=2012|title=Prey preferences of the tiger ''Panthera tigris''|journal=Journal of Zoology|volume=286|issue=3|pages=221–231|doi=10.1111/j.1469-7998.2011.00871.x|name-list-style=amp}}</ref><ref name="Steinmetz_al2021">{{cite journal|title=The effects of prey depletion on dietary niches of sympatric apex predators in Southeast Asia|journal=Integrative Zoology|volume=16|issue=1|pages=19–32|doi=10.1111/1749-4877.12461|pmid=32627329|author=Steinmetz, R.; Seuaturien, N.; Intanajitjuy, P.; Inrueang, P. & Prempree, K.|date=2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|author1=Variar, A. S.|name-list-style=amp|author2=Anoop, N. R.|author3=Komire, S.|author4=Vinayan, P. A.|author5=Sujin, N. S.|author6=Raj, A.|author7=Prasadan, P. K.|year=2023|title=Prey selection by the Indian tiger (''Panthera tigris tigris'') outside protected areas in Indias Western Ghats: implications for conservation|journal=Food Webs|volume=34|article-number=e00268|doi=10.1016/j.fooweb.2022.e00268|bibcode=2023FWebs..3400268V}}</ref> It also preys opportunistically on smaller species like [[Monkey|monkeys]], [[peafowl]] and other ground-based birds, [[Porcupine|porcupines]] and fish.<ref name="Mazak1981" /><ref name="Miquelle" /> Occasional attacks on [[Asian elephant|Asian elephants]] and [[Indian rhinoceros|Indian rhinoceroses]] have also been reported.<ref>{{cite journal|author1=Karanth, K. U.|year=2003|title=Tiger ecology and conservation in the Indian subcontinent|journal=Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society|volume=100|issue=2 & 3|pages=169–189|url=https://repository.ias.ac.in/89489/1/50p.pdf}}</ref> More often, tigers take the more vulnerable calves.<ref>{{cite journal|author1=Karanth, K. U.|author2=Nichols, J. D.|name-list-style=amp|year=1998|title=Estimation of tiger densities in India using photographic captures and recaptures|journal=Ecology|volume=79|issue=8|pages=2852–2862|doi=10.1890/0012-9658(1998)079[2852:EOTDII]2.0.CO;2|jstor=176521|url=http://erepo.usiu.ac.ke/bitstream/handle/11732/758/Estimation%20of%20tiger%20densities%20in%20India%20using%20photographic%20captures%20and%20recaptures.pdf?sequence=4&isAllowed=y|access-date=16 December 2021|archive-date=27 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221127044620/http://erepo.usiu.ac.ke/bitstream/handle/11732/758/Estimation%20of%20tiger%20densities%20in%20India%20using%20photographic%20captures%20and%20recaptures.pdf?sequence=4&isAllowed=y|url-status=live}}</ref> They sometimes prey on livestock and dogs in close proximity to settlements.<ref name="Mazak1981" /> Tigers occasionally consume vegetation, fruit and minerals for [[dietary fibre]] and supplements.<ref name="Perry">{{cite book|author=Perry, R.|title=The World of the Tiger|year=1965|publisher=Cassell|place=London|pages=133–134|asin=B0007DU2IU}}</ref> Tigers learn to hunt from their mothers, though the ability to hunt may be partially inborn.<ref name="Fàbregas">{{cite journal|last1=Fàbregas|first1=M. C.|last2=Fosgate|first2=G. T.|last3=Koehler|first3=G. M.|year=2015|title=Hunting performance of captive-born South China tigers (''Panthera tigris amoyensis'') on free-ranging prey and implications for their reintroduction|journal=Biological Conservation|volume=192|pages=57–64|doi=10.1016/j.biocon.2015.09.007|bibcode=2015BCons.192...57F|hdl=2263/50208|hdl-access=free|name-list-style=amp}}</ref> Depending on the size of the prey, they typically kill weekly though mothers must kill more often.<ref name="Sunquist2010" /> Families hunt together when cubs are old enough.{{sfn|Thapar|2004|p=63}} They search for prey using vision and hearing.{{sfn|Schaller|1967|pp=284–285}} A tiger will also wait at a watering hole for prey to come by, particularly during hot summer days.{{sfn|Schaller|1967|p=288}}{{sfn|Thapar|2004|p=120}} It is an ambush predator and when approaching potential prey, it crouches with the head lowered and hides in foliage. It switches between creeping forward and staying still. A tiger may even doze off and can stay in the same spot for as long as a day, waiting for prey and launch an attack when the prey is close enough,{{sfn|Thapar|2004|pp=119–120, 122}} usually within {{cvt|30|m}}.<ref name="Sunquist2010" /> If the prey spots it before then, the cat does not pursue further.{{sfn|Schaller|1967|p=288}} A tiger can sprint {{cvt|56|km/h|mph}} and leap {{cvt|10|m}};{{sfn|Schaller|1967|p=287}}{{sfn|Thapar|2004|p=23}} it is not a long-distance runner and gives up a chase if prey outpaces it over a certain distance.{{sfn|Schaller|1967|p=288}} [[Íomhá:Tiger's_killing_wild_boar.jpg|alt=Two tigers attacking a boar|deas|mion|Dhá thíogar Bheangál ag ionsaí [[torc allta]] in [[Anaclann Tíogair Kanha]]]] The tiger attacks from behind or at the sides and tries to knock the target off balance. It latches onto prey with its forelimbs, twisting and turning during the struggle and tries to pull it to the ground. The tiger generally applies a [[Throat clamp|bite to the throat]] until its victim dies of [[strangulation]].<ref name="Mazak1981" />{{sfn|Thapar|2004|p=121}}{{sfn|Schaller|1967|p=295}}{{sfn|Mills|2004|p=24}} It has an average bite force at the canine tips of 1234.3 [[Newton (unit)|newtons]].<ref>{{cite journal|author=Christiansen, P.|year=2007|title=Canine morphology in the larger Felidae: implications for feeding ecology|journal=Biological Journal of the Linnean Society|volume=91|issue=4|pages=573–592|doi=10.1111/j.1095-8312.2007.00819.x|doi-access=free}}</ref> Holding onto the throat puts the cat out of reach of horns, antlers, tusks and hooves.{{sfn|Thapar|2004|p=121}}{{sfn|Schaller|1967|pp=295–296}} Tigers are adaptable killers and may use other methods, including ripping the throat or breaking the neck. Large prey may be disabled by a bite to the back of the [[Hock (anatomy)|hock]], severing the tendon. Swipes from the large paws are capable of stunning or breaking the skull of a [[water buffalo]].{{sfn|Thapar|2004|p=126}} They kill small prey with a bite to the back of the neck or head.{{sfn|Schaller|1967|p=289}}<ref name="Sunquist2010" /> Estimates of the [[Hunting success|success rate]] for hunting tigers range from a low of 5% to a high of 50%. They are sometimes killed or injured by large or dangerous prey like gaur, buffalo and boar.<ref name="Sunquist2010" /> Tigers typically move kills to a private, usually vegetated spot no further than {{cvt|183|m}}, though they have been recorded dragging them {{cvt|549|m}}. They are strong enough to drag the carcass of a fully grown buffalo for some distance. They rest for a while before eating and can consume as much as {{cvt|50|kg}} of meat in one session, but feed on a carcass for several days, leaving little for scavengers.{{sfn|Schaller|1967|pp=297–300}} === Iomaitheoirí === [[Íomhá:Tigerdholes.jpg|alt=Painting of dhole pack attacking a tiger|mion|Léaráid ón bhliain 1807 de [[Madra fiáin Áiseach|madraí fiáine Áiseacha]] ag ionsaí tíogair]] I gcuid mhór dá raon dáilte, roinneann tíogair a ngnáthóg le liopaird agus le [[Madra fiáin Áiseach|madraí fiáine Áiseacha]]. De ghnáth, bíonn an lámh in uachtar acu ar an dá chreachadóir sin, cé go mbraitheann sé, i gcás an mhadra fhiáin Áisigh, ar mhéid an phaca. Tá taifid ann d'idirghníomhaíochtaí éagsúla idir an trí chreachadóir seo amhail tóraíocht, [[Cleipteasheadánachas|goideadh creiche]] agus marú díreach.<ref>{{cite journal|title=Topcats and underdogs: intraguild interactions among three apex carnivores across Asia's forestscapes|journal=Biological Reviews|volume=98|issue=6|pages=2114–2135|doi=10.1111/brv.12998|pmid=37449566|s2cid=259903849|author=Srivathsa, A.; Ramachandran, V.; Saravanan, P.; Sureshbabu, A.; Ganguly, D. & Ramakrishnan, U.|date=2023}}</ref> Is féidir le pacaí móra an mhadra fhiáin Áisigh tíogair a mharú.<ref>{{Harvnb|Thapar|2004}}, lch. 136.</ref> Maireann tíogair liopaird agus madraí fiáine Áiseacha taobh le chéile mar seilgeann siad creach atá ar mhéideanna difriúla.<ref name="Karanth">{{cite journal|title=Behavioural correlates of predation by tiger (''Panthera tigris''), leopard (''Panthera pardus'') and dhole (''Cuon alpinus'') in Nagarahole, India|journal=Journal of Zoology|volume=250|pages=255–265|doi=10.1111/j.1469-7998.2000.tb01076.x|issue=2|author=Karanth, K. U. & Sunquist, M. E.|date=2000}}</ref> Fuarthas amach gurbh é 91.5 kg (202 lb) meánmheáchan na gcreach a mharaigh tíogair i [[Páirc Náisiúnta Nagarhole|bPáirc Náisiúnta Nagarhole]], i gcomparáid le 37.6 kg (83 lb) i gcás liopard agus 43.4 kg (96 lb) i gcás madraí fiáine Áiseacha.<ref name="KaranthSunquist1995">{{cite journal|author1=Karanth, K. U.|author2=Sunquist, M. E.|name-list-style=amp|title=Prey selection by tiger, leopard and dhole in tropical forests|jstor=5647|doi=10.2307/5647|journal=Journal of Animal Ecology|volume=64|issue=4|pages=439–450|bibcode=1995JAnEc..64..439K|author=Karanth, K. U. & Sunquist, M. E.|date=1995}}</ref> Nuair a tháinig laghdú ar líon na gcreach i [[Páirc Náisiúnta Kui Buri|bPáirc Náisiúnta Kui Buri]], lean tíogair orthu ag marú na gcreach ba mhó leo agus dhírigh liopaird agus madraí fiáine Áiseacha a n-ídiú ar chreacha beaga.<ref name="Steinmetz_al2021" /> Both leopards and dholes can live successfully in tiger habitat when there is abundant food and vegetation cover.<ref name="Karanth" /><ref>{{cite journal|author1=Odden, M.|name-list-style=amp|author2=Wegge, P.|author3=Fredriksen, T.|year=2010|title=Do tigers displace leopards? If so, why?|journal=Ecological Research|volume=25|issue=4|pages=875–881|doi=10.1007/s11284-010-0723-1|bibcode=2010EcoR...25..875O}}</ref> Otherwise, they appear to be less common where tigers are numerous. The recovery of the tiger population in [[Rajaji National Park]] during the 2000s led to a reduction in leopard population densities.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Harihar|first1=A.|last2=Pandav|first2=B.|last3=Goyal|first3=S. P.|year=2011|title=Responses of leopard ''Panthera pardus'' to the recovery of a tiger ''Panthera tigris'' population|journal=Journal of Applied Ecology|volume=48|issue=3|pages=806–814|doi=10.1111/j.1365-2664.2011.01981.x|doi-access=free|bibcode=2011JApEc..48..806H|name-list-style=amp}}</ref> Similarly, at two sites in central India the size of dhole packs was negatively correlated with tiger densities.<ref>{{cite journal|author1=Habib, B.|name-list-style=amp|author2=Nigam P.|author3=Ghaskadbi P.|author4=Bhandari A.|year=2021|title=Dhole pack size variation: Assessing the effect of prey availability and apex predator|journal=Ecology and Evolution|volume=11|issue=9|pages=4774–4785|doi=10.1002/ece3.7380|pmid=33976847|pmc=8093734|bibcode=2021EcoEv..11.4774B}}</ref> Leopard and dhole distribution in Kui Buri correlated with both prey access and tiger scarcity.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Steinmetz|first1=R.|last2=Seuaturien|first2=N.|last3=Chutipong|first3=W.|name-list-style=amp|year=2013|title=Tigers, leopards, and dholes in a half-empty forest: Assessing species interactions in a guild of threatened carnivores|journal=Biological Conservation|volume=163|pages=68–78|doi=10.1016/j.biocon.2012.12.016|bibcode=2013BCons.163...68S}}</ref> In [[Jigme Dorji National Park]], tigers were found to inhabit the deeper parts of forests while the smaller predators were pushed closer to the fringes.<ref>{{cite journal|author=Thinley, P.|author2=Rajaratnam, R.|author3=Lassoie, J. P.|author4=Morreale, S. J.|author5=Curtis, P. D.|author6=Vernes, K.|author7=Leki Leki|author8=Phuntsho, S.|author9=Dorji, T.|author10=Dorji, P.|name-list-style=amp|year=2018|title=The ecological benefit of tigers (''Panthera tigris'') to farmers in reducing crop and livestock losses in the eastern Himalayas: Implications for conservation of large apex predators|journal=Biological Conservation|volume=219|pages=119–125|doi=10.1016/j.biocon.2018.01.015|doi-access=free|bibcode=2018BCons.219..119T}}</ref> === Atáirgeadh agus saolré === {{Redirect|Tiger cub|other uses|Tiger Cub (disambiguation){{!}}Tiger Cub}} [[Íomhá:Tigeress_with_cubs_in_Kanha_Tiger_reserve.jpg|alt=Tiger with cubs|mion|Clann tíogair Bheangál in Anaclann Tíogair Kanha]] The tiger generally [[Mating|mates]] all year round, particularly between November and April. A tigress is in oestrus for three to six days at a time, separated by three to nine week intervals.<ref name="Mazak1981" /> A resident male mates with all the females within his home range, who signal their receptiveness by roaring and marking.{{sfn|Mills|2004|p=42}}{{sfn|Thapar|2004|p=145}} Younger, transient males are also attracted, leading to a fight in which the more dominant, resident male drives the usurper off.<ref name="Sankhala">{{cite journal|last1=Sankhala|first1=K. S.|year=1967|title=Breeding behaviour of the tiger ''Panthera tigris'' in Rajasthan|journal=International Zoo Yearbook|volume=7|issue=1|pages=133–147|doi=10.1111/j.1748-1090.1967.tb00354.x}}</ref>{{sfn|Mills|2004|p=42}} During courtship, the male is cautious with the female until she shows readiness to mate by positioning herself in [[Lordosis behavior|lordosis]] with her tail to the side. [[Copulation (zoology)|Copulation]] typically lasts no more than 20 seconds, with the male biting the female by the scruff of her neck. After it is finished, the male quickly pulls away as the female may turn and slap him.{{sfn|Mills|2004|p=42}} Tiger pairs may stay together for up to four days and mate multiple times.{{sfn|Thapar|2004|p=148}} [[Gestation]] lasts around or over three months.<ref name="Mazak1981" /> A tigress gives birth in a secluded location, be it in dense vegetation, in a cave or under a rocky shelter.{{sfn|Thapar|2004|p=45}} [[Litter (zoology)|Litters]] consist of as many as seven cubs, but two or three are more typical.<ref name="Sankhala" />{{sfn|Thapar|2004|p=45}} Newborn cubs weigh {{cvt|785|–|1610|g}} and are blind and underdeveloped ([[Precociality and altriciality|altricial]]).{{sfn|Thapar|2004|p=45}} The mother licks and cleans her cubs, suckles them and viciously defends them from any potential threat.<ref name="Sankhala" /> Cubs open their eyes at the age of three to 14 days and their vision becomes clear after a few more weeks.{{sfn|Thapar|2004|p=45}} They can leave the denning site after two months and around the same time they start eating meat.<ref name="Sankhala" />{{sfn|Mills|2004|pp=50–51}} The mother only leaves them alone to hunt and even then she does not travel far.{{sfn|Mills|2004|p=50}} When she suspects an area is no longer safe, she moves her cubs to a new spot, transporting them one by one by grabbing them by the scruff of the neck with her mouth.{{sfn|Thapar|2004|p=51}} A tigress in Sikhote-Alin Biosphere Reserve maximised the time spent with her cubs by reducing her home range, killing larger prey and returning to her den more rapidly than without cubs; when the cubs started to eat meat, she took them to kill sites, thereby optimising their protection and access to food.<ref>{{cite journal|author1=Petrunenko, Y. K.|name-list-style=amp|author2=Seryodkin, I. V.|author3=Bragina, E. V.|author4=Soutyrina, S. S.|author5=Mukhacheva, A. S.|author6=Rybin, N. N.|author7=Miquelle, D. G.|year=2019|title=How does a tigress balance the opposing constraints of raising cubs?|journal=Mammal Research|volume=65|issue=2|pages=245–253|doi=10.1007/s13364-019-00466-x}}</ref> In the same reserve, one of 21 cubs died in over eight years of monitoring and mortality did not differ between male and female juveniles.<ref>{{cite journal|author1=Robinson, H. S.|name-list-style=amp|author2=Goodrich, J. M.|author3=Miquelle, D. G.|author4=Miller, C. S.|author5=Seryodkin, I. V.|year=2015|title=Mortality of Amur tigers: The more things change, the more they stay the same|journal=Integrative Zoology|volume=10|issue=4|pages=344–353|doi=10.1111/1749-4877.12147|pmid=26096683}}</ref> Tiger monitoring over six years in [[Ranthambore Tiger Reserve]] indicated an average annual survival rate of around 85 percent for 74 male and female cubs; survival rate increased to 97 percent for both males and female juveniles of one to two years of age.<ref name="Sadhu2017">{{cite journal|author1=Sadhu, A.|name-list-style=amp|author2=Jayam, P. P. C.|author3=Qureshi, Q.|author4=Shekhawat, R. S.|author5=Sharma, S.|author6=Jhala, Y. V.|year=2017|title=Demography of a small, isolated tiger (''Panthera tigris tigris'') population in a semi-arid region of western India|journal=BMC Zoology|volume=2|article-number=16|doi=10.1186/s40850-017-0025-y|doi-access=free}}</ref> Causes of cub mortality include predators, floods, fires, death of the mother and fatal injuries.{{sfn|Thapar|2004|p=51}}{{sfn|Mills|2004|p=51}}<ref name="Barlow2009">{{cite journal|author1=Barlow, A. C. D.|name-list-style=amp|author2=McDougal, C.|author3=Smith, J. L. D.|author4=Gurung, B.|author5=Bhatta, S. R.|author6=Kumal, S.|author7=Mahato, B.|author8=Taman, D. B.|year=2009|title=Temporal variation in Tiger (''Panthera tigris'') populations and its implications for monitoring|journal=Journal of Mammalogy|volume=90|issue=2|pages=472–478|doi=10.1644/07-MAMM-A-415.1|bibcode=2009JMamm..90..472B|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref name="Sadhu2017" /> [[Íomhá:Panthera_tigris_altaica_13_-_Buffalo_Zoo.jpg|alt=Tigress with cub in snow|mion|Tíogar Amúrach baineann lena coileán i [[Zú Buffalo]]]] After around two months, the cubs are able to follow their mother. They still hide in vegetation when she goes hunting. Young bond through play fighting and practice stalking. A hierarchy develops in the litter, with the biggest cub, often a male, being the most dominant and the first to eat its fill at a kill.{{sfn|Mills|2004|pp=61, 66–67}} Around the age of six months, cubs are fully weaned and have more freedom to explore their environment. Between eight and ten months, they accompany their mother on hunts.{{sfn|Thapar|2004|p=63}} A cub can make a kill as early as 11 months and reach independence as a juvenile of 18 to 24 months of age; males become independent earlier than females.{{sfn|Schaller|1967|pp=270, 276}}<ref name="Sadhu2017" /> Radio-collared tigers in Chitwan started leaving their natal areas at the age of 19 months.<ref name="Smith1993">{{cite journal|last=Smith|first=J. L. D.|year=1993|title=The role of dispersal in structuring the Chitwan tiger population|volume=124|journal=Behaviour|issue=3|pages=165–195|doi=10.1163/156853993X00560}}</ref> Young females are [[Sexual maturity|sexually mature]] at three to four years, whereas males are at four to five years.<ref name="Mazak1981" /> [[Generation time|Generation length]] of the tiger is about 7–10 years.<ref>{{cite journal|title=Generation length for mammals|author=Pacifici, M.|author2=Santini, L.|author3=Di Marco, M.|author4=Baisero, D.|author5=Francucci, L.|author6=Grottolo Marasini, G.|author7=Visconti, P.|author8=Rondinini, C.|journal=Nature Conservation|year=2013|volume=5|issue=5|pages=87–94|doi=10.3897/natureconservation.5.5734|doi-access=free|name-list-style=amp}}</ref> Wild Bengal tigers live 12–15 years.<ref>{{cite journal|author=Majumder, A.|year=2023|title=Survival strategy – Temporal segregation of different age and sex classes of a Bengal tiger (''Panthera tigris tigris'' Linnaeus) population in Pench Tiger Reserve, Madhya Pradesh India|journal=Journal of Animal Diversity|volume=5|issue=3|pages=43–54|doi=10.61186/JAD.2023.5.3.5|doi-access=free}}</ref> Data from the International Tiger [[Studbook]] 1938–2018 indicate that captive tigers lived up to 19 years.<ref>{{cite journal|author1=Tidière, M.|name-list-style=amp|author2=Müller, P.|author3=Sliwa, A.|author4=Siberchicot, A.|author5=Douay, G.|year=2021|title=Sex-specific actuarial and reproductive senescence in zoo-housed tiger (''Panthera tigris''): The importance of sub-species for conservation|journal=Zoo Biology|volume=40|issue=4|pages=320–329|doi=10.1002/zoo.21610|pmid=33861886|url=https://findresearcher.sdu.dk/ws/files/182491417/zoo.21610.pdf}}</ref> The father does not play a role in raising the young, but he encounters and interacts with them. The resident male appears to visit the female–cub families within his home range. They socialise and even share kills.{{sfn|Mills|2004|pp=59, 89}}{{sfn|Thapar|2004|pp=55–56}} One male was recorded looking after cubs whose mother had died.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-south-asia-13598386|work=BBC News|author=Pandey, G.|date=2011|title=India male tiger plays doting dad to orphaned cubs|access-date=14 February 2024|archive-date=8 April 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240408231242/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-south-asia-13598386|url-status=live}}</ref> By defending his home range, the male protects the females and cubs from other males.{{sfn|Mills|2004|p=59}} When a new male takes over, dependent cubs are at risk of [[Infanticide (zoology)|infanticide]] as the male attempts to sire his own young with the females.{{sfn|Thapar|2004|p=66}} A seven-year long study in Chitwan National Park revealed that 12 of 56 detected cubs and juveniles were killed by new males taking over home ranges.<ref name="Barlow2009" /> === Sláinte agus galair === Tá taifid ann de thíogair mar óstaigh sheadáin éagsúla amhail péisteanna ribíneacha cosúil le ''[[Diphyllobothrium]] erinacei'', ''[[Taenia pisiformis]]'' san India agus speicis ''[[Toxocara]]'' san India agus speicis ''[[Physaloptera]] preputialis'', ''[[Dirofilaria]] ursi'' agus ''Uiteinarta'' sa tSibéir.<ref name=":8" /> Tá sé ar eolas go mbíonn [[conslaod]] le fáil i dtíogair Amúracha.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Canine Distemper Virus: an Emerging Disease in Wild Endangered Amur Tigers ( Panthera tigris altaica )|url=https://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/mBio.00410-13|journal=mBio|date=2013|issn=2161-2129|pmc=3747579|pmid=23943758|volume=4|issue=4|doi=10.1128/mBio.00410-13|language=en|author=Seimon, T. A.; Miquelle, D. G.; Chang, T. Y.; Newton, A. L.; Korotkova, I.; Ivanchuk, G.; Lyubchenko, E.; Tupikov, A.; Slabe, E. & McAloose, D.}}</ref> Ionfhabhtú morbillivíris is é is dóichí a bheith mar chúis báis tíogair bhaininn i gCianoirthear na Rúise a raibh tástáil dhearfach ar an [[Painleocaipéine fhéilíneach|phainleocaipéine fhéilíneach]] agus an [[Coróinvíreas féilíneach|choróinvíreas fhéilíneach]] aici.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Morbillivirus Infection in a Wild Siberian Tiger in the Russian Far East|url=https://meridian.allenpress.com/jwd/article/46/4/1252/121390/Morbillivirus-Infection-in-a-Wild-Siberian-Tiger|journal=Journal of Wildlife Diseases|date=2010|issn=0090-3558|pages=1252–1256|volume=46|issue=4|doi=10.7589/0090-3558-46.4.1252|language=en|author=Quigley, K. S.; Evermann, J. F.; Leathers, C. W.; Armstrong, D. L.; Goodrich, J.; Duncan, N. M. & Miquelle, D. G.}}</ref> Léirigh samplaí fola ó 11 tíogair fhásta sa Neipeal [[antasubstaintí]] le haghaidh [[Conpharvaivíreas|conpharvaivíris]]-2, [[Heirpéasvíreas féilíneach|heirpéasvíris fhéilínigh]], córóinvíris féilínigh, [[Leiptispioróis|leiptispioróise]] agus ''[[Toxoplasma gondii]]''.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Serologic Survey of Selected Pathogens in Free-Ranging Bengal Tigers (Panthera tigris tigris) in Nepal|url=https://meridian.allenpress.com/jwd/article/57/2/393/451344/Serologic-Survey-of-Selected-Pathogens-in-Free|journal=Journal of Wildlife Diseases|date=2021|issn=0090-3558|volume=57|issue=2|doi=10.7589/JWD-D-20-00046|author=McCauley, D.; Stout, V.; Gairhe, K. P.; Sadaula, A.; Dubovi, E.; Subedi, S. & Kaufman, G. E.}}</ref> == Bagairtí == == Caomhnú == {{Main|Caomhnú an Tíogair}} ''Tuilleadh Eolais: [[Tíogar na 21ú hAoise]]'' {| class="wikitable sortable floatright" |+ Pobal domhanda na dtíogar fiáin !Tír !Bliain !Meastachán |- | {{flagicon|India}} [[An India]]|| 2022 || align="right" |3,167–3,682<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|author=Qureshi, Q.; Jhala, Y. V.; Yadav, S. P. & Mallick, A.|date=2023|url=https://wii.gov.in/images//images/documents/publications/statu_tiger_copredators-2022.pdf|title=Status of tigers, co-predators and prey in India 2022 (PDF)|publisher=National Tiger Conservation Authority & Wildlife Institute of India|location=Deilí Nua, Dehradun}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240505145403/https://wii.gov.in/images//images/documents/publications/statu_tiger_copredators-2022.pdf |date=2024-05-05 }}</ref> |- | {{flagicon|Russia}} [[An Rúis]]|| 2022 || align="right" |573–600<ref name=":5">{{Lua idirlín|teideal=Global Tiger Recovery Program 2.0 (2023-34)|url=https://globaltigerforum.org/global-tiger-recovery-program-2-0-2023-34/|dátarochtana=01-12-2025|language=en-US|foilsitheoir=Global Tiger Forum}}</ref> |- | {{Bratach|Indonesia}} [[An Indinéis]]|| 2022 || align="right" |393<ref name=":5" /> |- | {{Bratach|Nepal}} [[Neipeal]]|| 2022 || align="right" |316–355<ref>{{cite book|year=2022|title=Status of Tigers and Prey in Nepal 2022|location=Kathmandu, Neipeal|publisher=Department of National Parks and Wildlife Conservation and Department of Forests and Soil Conservation. Ministry of Forests and Environment|url=https://dnpwc.gov.np/media/files/Status_of_Tigers_Ic2ylSC.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230408104009/https://dnpwc.gov.np/media/files/Status_of_Tigers_Ic2ylSC.pdf|author=DNPWC & DFSC}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230408104009/https://dnpwc.gov.np/media/files/Status_of_Tigers_Ic2ylSC.pdf |date=2023-04-08 }}</ref> |- | {{Bratach|Thailand}} [[An Téalainn]]|| 2022 || align="right" |148–189<ref name=":5" /> |- | {{Bratach|Malaysia}} [[An Mhalaeisia]]|| 2022 || align="right" |<150<ref name=":5" /> |- | {{Bratach|Bhutan}} [[An Bhútáin]]|| 2022 || align="right" |131<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|author=Department of Forests and Park Services|date=2023|title=National Tiger Survey 2021–22|publisher=Rialtas na Bútaine|location=Thimphu}}</ref> |- | {{Bratach|Bangladesh}} [[An Bhanglaidéis]]|| 2022|| align="right" |118–122<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|author=Begum, S.|date=30 Iúil 2024|title=Tiger population in Sundarban rises by 8-10pc in 2024|publisher=Daily Observer|url=https://www.observerbd.com/news.php?id=482816}}</ref> |- | {{Bratach|China}} [[An tSín]]|| 2022 || align="right"|>60<ref name=":5" /> |- | {{Bratach|Myanmar}} [[Maenmar]]|| 2022 || align="right" |28<ref name=":5" /> |- | '''Iomlán'''|| || align="right" |'''5,638–5,899''' |} Tá an chuma ar an scéal nach bhfuil ach 5000-7000 tíogar fágtha ar domhan. Meastar go bhfuil níos lú na 2500 tíogar fásta sa nádúr. Timpeall na bliana 1900 bhí 100,000 tíogar ann. Bhí naoi bhfospeiceas ann tráth. Ach tá tíogar Bhailí, an tíogar Iávach agus an tíogar Caispeach imithe in éag. Níl ach sé fhospeiceas ann anois, agus iad uile i mbaol: * An [[Tíogar Bheangál]]:<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Bengal tiger|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bengal_tiger|journal=Wikipedia|date=2024-12-11|language=en}}</ref> níos lú na 2000 fágtha * An [[Tíogar Ind-Síneach]]:<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Indochinese tiger|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indochinese_tiger|journal=Wikipedia|date=2024-09-12|language=en}}</ref> 1200-1800 * An [[Tíogar Malaech]]:<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Malayan tiger|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malayan_tiger|journal=Wikipedia|date=2024-12-28|language=en}}</ref> 600-800 * An [[Tíogar Sumatrach]]: 400-500 * An [[Tíogar Amúrach]] (sa [[An tSibéir|tSibéir]]): 400-550. Sna 1940idí ní raibh ach 40 tíogar Amúrach fágtha ach tá suas le 550 ann anois mar cuireadh stop leis an sealgaireacht. * [[Tíogar na Síne Theas]]:<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=South China tiger|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_China_tiger|journal=Wikipedia|date=2024-11-27|language=en}}</ref> díobhaí sa nádúr; 59 i zúnna Tá a ghnáthóg á chailliúint ag an tíogar. Tá an fuadach tíograch coitianta agus maraítear tíogair beagnach gach lá mar úsáidtear a bhfionnadh agus a gcoirp sa leigheas traidisiúnta. == Féach freisin == * An [[Tíogar Sumatrach]] agus an [[Tíogar Amúrach]] * [[An Tíogar Ceilteach]] == Tagairtí == {{Reflist}} == Leabharliosta == * {{Citation |last=Thapar |first=V. |title=Tiger: The Ultimate Guide |date=2004 |url=https://archive.org/details/tigerultimategui0000thap/mode/2up |place=Deilí Nua |publisher=CDS Books |isbn=1-59315-024-5}} * {{Citation |last=Green |first=S. |title=Tiger |date=2006 |issue=2 |place=Londain |publisher=Reaktion Books |isbn=978-1-86189-276-8}} * {{Citation |title=The Encyclopedia of Mammals |date=2001 |issue=2 |editor-last=MacDonald |editor-first=D. |place=Oxford |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-7607-1969-5}} * {{Citation |last=Tilson |first=R. |title=Tigers of the World: The Science, Politics and Conservation of Panthera tigris |date=2010 |issue=2 |place=Londain |publisher=Academic Press |isbn=978-0-08-094751-8 |last2=Nyhus |first2=P. J.}} * {{Citation |last=Mills |first=S. |title=Tiger |date=2004 |url=https://archive.org/details/tiger0000mill/mode/2up |archive-url= |place=Richmond Hill |publisher=Firefly Books |isbn=1-55297-949-0}} * {{Citation |last=Schaller |first=G. B. |title=The Deer and the Tiger: A Study of Wildlife in India |date=1967 |url=https://archive.org/details/deertigerstudyof0000scha/page/n419/mode/2up |place=Chicago |publisher=University of Chicago Press |isbn=0-226-73631-8}} * {{Citation |last=Seidensticker |first=J |title=Riding the Tiger: Tiger Conservation in Human-Dominated Landscapes |date=1999 |url=https://archive.org/details/ridingtigertiger00unse |place=Cambridge |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-64835-6 |last2=Christie |first2=S |last3=Jackson |first3=P}} * {{Citation |last=Sludskii |first=A. A. |title=Tiger Panthera tigris Linnaeus, 1758 |date=1992 |work=Mlekopitajuščie Sovetskogo Soiuza. Moskva: Vysšaia Škola [Mamaigh an Aontais Shóivéadaigh] |volume=II, Part 2. Carnivora (Hyaenas and Cats) |pages=95–202 |editor-last=Heptner |editor-first=V. G. |editor-last2=Sludskii |editor-first2=A. A. |url=https://archive.org/stream/mammalsofsov221992gept#page/94/mode/2up |place=Washington DC |publisher=Smithsonian Institution and the National Science Foundation |isbn=978-90-04-08876-4}} {{síol ainmhí}} [[Catagóir:Tíogair]] [[Catagóir:Cait]] k4b1x11rytfclzdznbxlxlfnnntpgv7 0 26443 1321758 1265393 2026-07-26T23:00:50Z Taghdtaighde 60452 Catagóir curtha leis 1321758 wikitext text/x-wiki {{WD Bosca Sonraí Duine}} [[Íomhá:Enniskillen from Rossorry, before the new bridge was built - geograph.org.uk - 65042.jpg|mion| [[Inis Ceithleann]] ]] Is [[scríbhneoir]] é '''Séamas Mac Annaidh''' a rugadh i m[[Baile Átha Cliath]] sa bhliain 1961. == Saol == Ba é Mac Annaidh an duine ba shine de cheathrar clainne. Ba í an Dochtúir Ita Briscoe a mháthair. Bainisteoir bainc ó [[Contae Thír Eoghain|Thír Eoghain]] a bhí ina athair. Is iomaí áit a ndearna sé cónaí ann: [[Muineachán]] 1961-1964; [[Dún Dealgan]] 1964-1966; [[Inis Ceithleann]] 1966-1993 agus [[Doire]] ón mbliain 1993 i leith. [[Íomhá:QueensBelfast.jpg|clé|mion| [[Ollscoil na Banríona]] ]] Tá sé pósta ar Joy Beatty, a rugadh i [[Latharna]], agus tá iníon acu, Raphaelle, a rugadh sa bhliain 2001. Ghnóthaigh Mac Annaidh bunchéim sa Ghaeilge agus sa Bhéarla in [[Ollscoil Uladh]] i g[[Cúil Raithin]] sa bhliain 1982. Ón mbliain 1984 go 1988 bhí sé ag obair mar chúntóir leabharlainne in [[Inis Ceithleann]]: ina dhiaidh sin ghlac sé post mar scríbhneoir cónaithe in Ollscoil Uladh agus ansin in [[Ollscoil na Banríona]]. == Saothar == === Ceirníní agus scannán === Chuir sé ceirníní amach leis an mbanna Lonta Fhear Manach (ainm a thagann ó theideal a chéad úrscéal) agus rinne sé scannán dar teideal ''Misteach Bhaile Átha Cliath'' (1995) do [[RTÉ]] agus do [[BBC Uladh]]. === Leabhair Ghaeilge === Thug Mac Annaidh tamall ina eagarthóir liteartha ar an nuachtán [[Lá Nua|Lá]] anuas go dtí an bhliain 2003. Is éard is mó a tharraing clú air tríológ úrscéalta osréalacha: ''[[Cuaifeach mo Londubh Buí|Cuaifeach mo Lon Dubh Buí]]'', ''Mo Dhá Mhicí'' agus ''Rubble na Mickies'' (BÁC: Coiscéim, 1983, 1986 agus 1990 faoi seach). Saothair chomhaimseartha iad a bhfuil greann iontu agus léargas corr ar shaol a linne. Sa chuid lárnach den scéal ''Cuaifeach mo Lon Dubh Buí'', is féidir a áiteamh gur ''Bildungsroman'' é, nó léiriú ar aigne ann féin – ar nós Tristam Shandy le [[Laurence Sterne]].<ref>http://www.siopa.ie/ga/u-235-seamas_mac_annaidh/u.aspx?id=235&lang=GA</ref> Chuir sé cnuasach gearrscéalta, ''Féirín, Scéalta agus Eile'' (BAC: Coiscéim, 1992), agus ''An Deireadh'', úrscéal i bhfoirm dialainne (BÁC: Coiscéim, 1996), amach fosta. D’fhoilsigh Coiscéim ''Mr. Lisa agus Scéalta Eile'' sa bhliain 2005 agus ''Diosco Dé'' (úrscéal) sa bhliain 2006. Ceapadh Mac Annaidh ina scríbhneoir cónaitheach Gaeilge in [[Ollscoil na Gaillimhe]] mí Eanáir 2007. === Saothar eile === Tá saothair Bhéarla foilsithe ag Mac Annaidh fosta, ar nós ''Irish History Micropedia'' (Parragon); ''Fermanagh Books, Writers and Newspapers of the Nineteenth Century'' (Marmara Denizi 1999) ''Leabhar taistil: Les Noisettes de Lannion'' (Institute Culturel de Bretagne (1997). (Fulub Jakez a d'aistrigh, agus tá sé ar fáil i bh[[Fraincis]] amháin.) Chuir Mac Annaidh Gaeilge ar an dráma dúghrinn ''[[Dathanna Geala Amháin]]'' le [[Pauline Goldsmith]].<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://tuairisc.ie/cultur-feasta-ceoil-an-spideil-freamhacha-i-bpictiurlanna-na-tire-agus-club-leabhar-cogg/|teideal=CULTÚR: Féasta ceoil an Spidéil, Fréamhacha i bpictiúrlanna na tíre, agus Club Leabhar COGG|dáta=2025-05-01|work=[[Tuairisc.ie]]|dátarochtana=2025-05-07}}</ref> == Naisc == * [http://www.feasta.ie/2006/meanf/alt5.html Diosco Dé; léirmheas] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071118213123/http://www.feasta.ie/2006/meanf/alt5.html |date=2007-11-18 }} == Tagairtí == {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Annaidh, Seamas Mac}} [[Catagóir:Scríbhneoirí Gaeilge]] [[Catagóir:Scríbhneoirí Éireannacha]] [[Catagóir:Úrscéalaithe Gaeilge]] [[Catagóir:Úrscéalaithe Éireannacha]] [[Catagóir:Scríbhneoirí ficsin thuairimigh]] [[Catagóir:Daoine a rugadh i 1961]] [[Catagóir:Daoine as Baile Átha Cliath]] [[Catagóir:Daoine as Contae Fhear Manach]] [[Catagóir:Daoine beo]] qkl0ocbt2qelj0a8rydnsskizhkrcys 0 26444 1321759 1262581 2026-07-26T23:01:02Z Taghdtaighde 60452 Catagóirí curtha leis agus mionathruithe 1321759 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Teideal iodálach}} {{WD Bosca Sonraí Leabhar}} Is úrscéal le [[Séamas Mac Annaidh]] é '''Cuaifeach mo Londubh Buí'''. An chéad leabhar de [[Tríológ|thríológ]] atá ann (is iad ''[[Mo dhá Mhicí]]'' agus ''[[Rubble na Mickies]]'' na leabhair eile.) agus tugadh ardmholadh dó nuair a foilsíodh é: thuill sé clú agus cáil do Mhac Annaidh.<ref>http://www.udar.ie/product/Cuaifeach_mo_Londubh_Bu%C3%AD_Coisc-im-222{{Dead link|date=Deireadh Fómhair 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Níor léir don léitheoir an raibh tríológ beartaithe i ndáiríre nó an amhlaidh go raibh Mac Annaidh ag magadh faoina chuid léitheoirí mar bhí féith an ghrinn (agus an fhéin-chomhfheasa) le brath go láidir san úrscéal, dar le roinnt léirmheastóirí. == An scéal == Tá stíl dá chuid féin aige ag an údar agus atmaisféar [[Osréalachas|osréalaíoch]] dá réir. Tá na príomhcharachtair sna déaga nó sna fichidí luatha agus léiríonn an t-údar tuiscint orthu agus macántacht. Is í féiniúlacht an duine aonair an príomhthéama sa leabhar. Díol suntais do go leor daoine lán daoine ba ea an méid Béarla atá curtha isteach ach an údar, ach úsáidtear an dá theanga chun fíricí áirithe sochtheangeolaíocha a chur abhaile ar na léitheoirí, rud a bhaineann go dlúth le téamaí an úrscéil. Sa gcuid lárnach den leabhar is féidir a áiteamh gur [[Bildungsroman|''bildungsroman'']] é (agus an dá leabhar eile sa tríológ), nó léiriú ar aigne ann féin - ar nós an leabhair Bhéarla ''Tristam Shandy'' le [[Laurence Sterne]]. == Léirmheastóireacht == Tá go leor léirmheastóireachta déanta ar ''Cuaifeach mo londubh buí''. Sampla is ea ''Séamas Mac Annaidh agus macallaí sa scáthán'' (BÁC: Cois Life, 2001) le Maolmhaodhog Ó Ruairc. == Naisc sheachtracha == * [http://aonghus.blogspot.com/2008/05/fuighle-loin-na-hinise.html ''Cuaifeach Mo Lon Dubh Buí'': léirmheas] == Tagairtí == {{Reflist}} {{Síol-leabhar}} {{Rialú údaráis}} [[Catagóir:Úrscéalta Éireannacha]] [[Catagóir:Fantaisíocht i nGaeilge]] [[Catagóir:Fantaisíocht Éireannach]] [[Catagóir:Tríológa leabhar]] [[Catagóir:Tríológa Gaeilge]] [[Catagóir:Tríológa]] [[Catagóir:Sraitheanna na Gaeilge]] [[Catagóir:Sraitheanna leabhar Gaeilge]] [[Catagóir:Sraitheanna leabhar]] [[Catagóir:Sraitheanna litríochta]] [[Catagóir:Sraitheanna]] [[Catagóir:Leabhair Ghaeilge]] [[Catagóir:Leabhair Éireannacha]] [[Catagóir:Leabhair]] [[Catagóir:Leabhair a foilsíodh in 1983]] [[Catagóir:Leabhair a foilsíodh sna 1980idí]] [[Catagóir:Leabhair a foilsíodh in 1986]] [[Catagóir:Leabhair a foilsíodh in 1990]] [[Catagóir:Leabhair a foilsíodh sna 1990idí]] mlvs8q3fvdcfzhnkvfh0r4kjl22qvly 0 31191 1321790 1318244 2026-07-27T07:38:46Z InternetArchiveBot 47196 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1321790 wikitext text/x-wiki :''Díríonn “Lú” anseo. Má tá suim agat sa chontae, féach [[Contae Lú]].'' {{WD Bosca Sonraí Carachtar}} I [[Miotaseolaíocht na nGael]], ball de na [[Tuatha Dé Danann]] agus ar cheann de na déithe is iomráití é '''Lú''' ([[Sean-Ghaeilge]] '''Lugh''', '''Lug'''; freisin '''Luat'''<ref name="Luat">{{ lua idirlín | last = Gwynn | first = Edward | teideal = The Metrical Dindshenchas: CRÚACHÁN AIGLE | url = https://celt.ucc.ie/published/T106500D.html | website = Corpus of Electronic Texts | publisher = University College, Cork | accessdate = 5 August 2019 }}</ref>).<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://blogs.transparent.com/irish/will-the-real-lunasa-lughnasa-lughnasadh-please-stand-up/|teideal=Will The Real Lúnasa / Lughnasa / Lughnasadh Please Stand Up?|údar=Róislín, Blogs.transparent.com|dáta=|dátarochtana=2020-08-02}}</ref> Cuirtear Lugh i láthair mar rí, gaiscíoch, saor agus laoch.<ref name=olmsted>Olmsted, Garrett. ''The Gods of the Celts and the Indo-Europeans''. University of Innsbruck, 1994, lch. 117</ref> Tá baint ar leith ag Lugh le cumas agus sároilteacht in iliomad cleachtaí, ina measc, na healaíona,<ref name=monaghan>Monaghan, Patricia. ''The Encyclopedia of Celtic Mythology and Folklore''. Infobase Publishing, 2004, ll. 296-297</ref> chomh maith le mionnaí, fírinne agus an dlí,<ref name=olmsted/> agus dá bharr le ríogacht dlisteanach.<ref name=koch1200>Koch, John T. ''Celtic Culture: A Historical Encyclopedia''. ABC-CLIO, 2006, lch. 1200</ref> Tá féile an fhómhair, [[Lá Lúnasa|Lughnasadh]], ainmnithe as, maraon leis an mí, [[Lúnasa]].<ref>{{ lua idirlín | url = http://www.bbc.co.uk/irish/articles/view/879/gaeilge/ | teideal = Féilte na SeanGhael | údar = bbc.co.uk | dáta = 27 D.F. 2011 | dátarochtana = 4 Lúnasa 2018 }}</ref> Bhí roinnt maoine draíochta ag Lugh. Bheartaigh sé sleá dhochlóite, crann tabhaill, agus bhí cú aige darbh ainm [[Fáil Inis]]. Deirtear gur cheap sé an bordchluiche, ''[[ficheall|fidchell]]'', cluichí peile agus rásaí capall.<ref name="ohogain"/> [[Íomhá:Tricephale Carnavalet.jpg | 200px | mion | [[Dia]] tríshleasach, "Lugus", iarsmalann Carnavalet, [[Páras]].]] ==Sanasaíocht== Níltear ar aon intinn maidir le brí an ainm Lugh. Molann roinnt scoláirí go bhfuil sé fréamhaithe ar deireadh ón b[[Na teangacha Ind-Eorpacha|Prót-Ind-Eorpais]] ''*(h₂)lewgh-'', le brí "ceangail le mionn" (cuir le taobh [[Sean-Ghaeilge]] ''luige''<ref group=dil>[http://dil.ie/30984 1 luige] ar eDIL</ref> agus [[Breatnais]]e ''llw'', le brí "mionn, móid", agus gaolta le iarfhoirm [[Na teangacha Ceilteacha|Prótai-Ceiltis]]e, ''*lugiyo-'', "mionn"<ref>Matasović, Ranko, ''Etymological dictionary of proto-Celtic'', Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series 9, Leiden agus Boston: Brill, 2009, lch. 247.</ref>), rud a thugann le fios gur dhia na mionn agus na gconarthaí ba ea é.<ref name="ohogain"/> Nuair a bhuail Balar le Lugh sa Dara Cath Maighe Tuireadh, thug sé "clabaire" ar Lugh.<ref>{{ cite web | url = https://celt.ucc.ie//published/T300011/index.html | teideal = The Second Battle of Moytura | website = celt.ucc.ie }}</ref> San am atá thart, mheastaí go raibh a ainm fréamhaithe ón bPrótai-Ind-Eorpais ''*leuk-'', "solas gealánach", agus dá bharr, ó ré Victeoiriach i leith, chreidtí go minic gur [[dia na gréine|dhia na gréine]] é, cosúil leis an dia Gréig-Rómhánach, [[Apollo]]. Tá géarcheisteanna ann maidir leis an bhfoghareolaíocht seo, ámh, go suntasach nach gcruthaíonn ''*-k-'' Prótai-Ind-Eorpais riamh ''*-g-'' Prótai-Ceiltis,<ref>[[Peter Schrijver]], ''Studies in British Celtic historical phonology'', Rodopi, 1995, ll. 348-348</ref> agus dá bharr, ní ghlacann saineolaí na dteangacha Ceilteacha an lae inniu leis an sanasaíocht seo. Ainmníodh Léon na [[An Spáinn|Spáinne]] as Lugh, chomh maith le [[Lyon]] na [[An Fhrainc|Fraince]] agus [[Londain]] fosta, mar a shíltear. ==Bua-ainmneacha== * ''Lámfada'' (lámhfhada) - de bharr a chumais le [[sleá]] nó mar rí<ref name="koch1200" /> * ''Ioldánach'' * ''Samhaildánach'' * ''Lonn-anscleach''<ref name=Moytura>{{ lua idirlín | last = Stokes | first = Whitley | teideal = The Second Battle of Moytura | url = https://celt.ucc.ie//published/T300011.html | website = Corpus of Electronic Texts | publisher = University College, Cork | accessdate = 5 August 2019 }}</ref> * ''Lonnbhéimneach'' * ''Mac-nia'' (nia le brí laoch)<ref name="koch1200" /> * ''Conmac''<ref>[[Eoin Mac Néill|Mac Néill, Eoin]]. ''Duanaire Finn: The book of the Lays of Fionn''. Irish Texts Society, 1953, lch. 205</ref> ==Tréithe== Deirtear gur ghaiscíoch é Lugh. Nuair a nochtann sé é féin os Chú Chulainn gonta sa Táin Bó Cúalnge, déantar cur síos air mar a leanas: {|class="wikitable" |- style="vertical-align: top;" ! width=50% | Sean-Ghaeilge<ref>[https://celt.ucc.ie/published/G301012/ Táin Bó Cúailnge Recension I], lch. 64, ar CELT</ref> ! width=50% | Nua-Ghaeilge<ref>Aistrithe sách focal ar fhocal ón tSean/Meán-Ghaeilge ag [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn|Marcas]]</ref> |- style="vertical-align: top;" || Fer caín mór and dano. Berrad<ref group=dil>[http://dil.ie/5724 berrad] ar eDIL</ref> lethan laiss. folt casbude fair. Brat úanide i forcipol immi. Cassán gelairgit isin brot úassa bruinne. Léne de sról ríg fo dergindliud do dergór i custul<ref group=dil>[http://dil.ie/14035 custal] ar eDIL</ref> fri gelcnes co glúnib dó. Dubscíath co calathbúali<ref group=dil>[http://dil.ie/7256 2 búal] ar eDIL</ref> findruni<ref group=dil>[http://dil.ie/22111 findruine] ar eDIL</ref> fair. Sleg cóicrind ina láim. Foga<ref group=dil>[http://dil.ie/22689 foga]</ref> fogablaigi inna farrad. Ingnad ém reb & ábairt<ref group=dil>[http://dil.ie/37 2 abairt] ar eDIL</ref> & adabair dogní, acht ní saig nech fair & ní saig-seom for nech feib<ref group=dil>[http://dil.ie/21378 feb II] ar eDIL</ref> nachas faiced nech h-é || Fear caoin mór ''atá sé''. Imeacht leathan leis. Folt catach buí ''aige''.<ref group=tea>[https://www.teanglann.ie/ga/fgb/fáir fáir²] ar teanglann.ie FGB</ref> Brat uaine dealg-fheistithe thairis. Casán<ref group=tea>[https://www.teanglann.ie/ga/fgb/casán casán¹]</ref> gealairgid sa bhrat os a bhrollach. Léine de shról rí faoi dhearg-''insertion'' dearg-óir corntha ar ghealchneas go glúnta dó. Dubhsciath chrua-chabhradh eileactaire aige. Sleá cúig-rinn ina láimh. Fogha gabhlach i bhfarradh. Neamhghnách ''is ea'' reabh<ref group=tea>[https://www.teanglann.ie/ga/fgb/reabh reabh] ar teanglann.ie FGB; beart, cleas</ref> agus beart agus spórt a dhéanann sé, ach ní shaigheann<ref group=tea>[https://www.teanglann.ie/ga/fgb/saigh saigh] ar teanglann.ie</ref> sé éinne agus ní shaigheann éinne é ionann is nach bhfeiceann éinne é. |} In áit eile, deirtear gur óg ard é Lugh, le leicne gealdearga, cliatháin bhána, aghaidh datha cré-umha, agus gruaig rua.<ref name="banshee">{{ cite web | last = Ó Dálaigh | first = Gofraidh Fionn | teideal = Ar an doirseoir ris an deaghlaoch | url = http://suburbanbanshee.net/irishptr/irepoems/tabhasdo.html | website = suburbanbanshee.net | accessdate = 4 August 2019 }}</ref> Dian, sochorraithe, díocasach chun comhraic, gaiscíoch uasal agus laoch binnteanga ba ea é. Sa ghearrscéal ''[[Baile in Scáil]]'', insítear gur ollmhór agus fíorálainn é Lugh, agus marcach le sleá ina láimh aige sa bhreis.<ref>{{ cite web | teideal = Baile in Scáil: The Phantom's Frenzy | url = http://www.ancienttexts.org/library/celtic/ctexts/phantom.html | website = Celtic Literature Collective | publisher = Mary Jones | accessdate = 5 August 2019 }}</ref> Sa Dinnseanchas, deirtear gurbh é Lugh, mac altrama Thailte, "mac an Scáil Bhailbh".<ref name="auto">{{ cite web | url = http://archive.org/details/revueceltique16pari | teideal = Revue celtique | date = 5 July 1870 | publisher = Paris | via = Internet Archive }}</ref> Sa dán ''Baile Suthain Sith Eamhna'', deirtear gur "ua in fhiledh" (sliochtach/ó an fhile) é Lugh.<ref>''[https://bardic.celt.dias.ie/displayPoem.php?firstLineID=279 Baile suthach sith Eamhna (or "suthain"?)]'' ar bardic.celt.dias.ie</ref> ==Seanscéalta== <!--{{Infobox deity | type = Irish | name = Lugh | image = Tricephale Carnavalet.jpg | caption = | member_of = the [[Tuatha Dé Danann]] | abodes = {{hlist| [[Cath Maige Tuired]]| [[Hill of Tara|Tara]] }} | weapons = {{hlist| [[Lugh#Lug's Spear|Gae Assail]]| [[Fragarach]]| [[Lugh#Sling-stone|Tathlum]] }} | animals = {{hlist| [[Failinis]]| [[Enbarr]] }} | symbols = | festivals = {{hlist|[[Lughnasadh]]| [[Assembly of Talti|Aonach Tailteann]] }} | parents = {{hlist| [[Cian]]| [[Ethniu]]}} | siblings = | consorts = {{hlist| [[Buí]]| [[Nás]]| [[Deichtine]] (mortal)}} | children = {{hlist| [[Ibic]]| [[Ebliu]]| [[Cúchulainn]] (mortal)}} }}--> ===Breith=== Ba é [[Cian]] na [[Tuatha Dé Danann|dTuath Dé Danann]] athair Lughaidh, agus [[Eithne]] iníon [[Balar|Balair]] na [[Fomhóraigh|bhFomhórach]] a mháthair. Sa ''Cath Maighe Tuireadh'', ba chleamhnas ríoraíoch é a bpósadh, mar thoradh comhaontais idir na Tuatha Dé agus na Fomhóraigh.<ref>[[Whitley Stokes]] (eag. & aistr.), [http://www.ucc.ie/celt/published/T300011.html "The Second Battle of Moytura"], [[Revue Celtique]] 12, 1891, lch. 59</ref> I ''[[Leabhar Gabhála na hÉireann]],'' thug Cian an buachaill in [[altramas]] chuig [[Tailte]], banríon na [[Fir Bholg|bhFear Bolg]].<ref>''[[Leabhar Gabhála na hÉireann]]'' [http://www.maryjones.us/ctexts/lebor4.html#55 §59]</ref> I scéal [[béaloideas|béaloidis]], a d'inis Seán Ó Dubhagáin de [[Toraigh|Thoraigh]] do [[John O'Donovan]] in 1835, fásann garmhac Balair anuas agus maraíonn a sheanathair. Tá an garmhac gan ainm, agus Mac Cinnfhaelaidh is ainm dá athair, ach moltar gur leagann bhreith Lughaidh atá ann, agus chóirigh [[Lady Gregory]] mar sin. Rinne draoi Bhalair táirgeacht go maródh a gharmhac é. Um an chinniúint seo a chosc, chuir sé a aon-iníon Eithne faoi ghlas sa Túr Mór ar Oileán Toraí, faoi chúram beirte bhan déag le treoracha nára mbuaile sí le fear riamh, nó fiú nára bhfoghlaimí sí go raibh a leithéid do rud ann. Ar an mór-roinn, bhí bó dhraíochta ag Mac Cinnfhaelaidh a thugtaí chomh fairsing dá cuid bainne gur mhian le cách, Balar ina measc, í a bheith aige. Agus an bhó faoi chúram Mhic Samthainn, deartháir Mhic Cinnfhaelaidh, tháinig Balar art am bhfód i riocht gasúir rua agus bhain sé an bhó de trí chleasaíocht. Ag lorg díoltais, chuir Mac Cinnfhaelaidh glaoch ar [[leannán sídhe]] darbh ainm [[Biróg]]. Chur sí de dhraíocht go barr thúr Bhalair é, áit a mheall sé Eithne. In am trátha, rugadh trírín di, a bhailigh Balar i mbrat agus chur amach le giolla iad chun iad a bhá i nguairneán. Bháigh an giolla beirt dóibh, ach lig sé de thaisme duine dóibh sa chuan, áit a tharrtháil Biróg é. Thóg sí chuig a athair é, a thug é chuig deartháir eile dó, [[Gaibhne]] gabha, in altramas.<ref>[[John O'Donovan]] (eag. & aistr.), ''Annala Rioghachta Éireann: Annals of the Kingdom of Ireland by the Four Masters'' Iml. 1, 1856, ll. 18–21, fonóta ''S''; T. W. Rolleston, ''Myths and Legends of the Celtic Race'', 1911, ll. 109–112; [[Lady Gregory]], ''Gods and Fighting Men'', 1094, ll. 27–29</ref> Is amhlaidh go bhfuil tuilleadh triarachais gaolta lena bhreith. Sa bhéaloideas, duine de thriúr deartháireacha ba ea a athair, Mac Cinnfhaelaidh, ''Gabida'', agus Mac Samhthainn. Sna téacsanna mé meánaoise, luaitear go minic a athair, Cian, i dteannta lena deartháireacha, Cú agus Cethen.<ref>m.s., de réir an Dinnseanchas, mharaigh Cú Cethen, agus bhí an tráth an nath cainte ''"Thou hast acted for me Cú and Cethen''."</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.ucd.ie/tlh/trans/ws.rc.15.001.t.text.html | teideal = The Prose Tales in the Rennes Dindshenchas (I) - Translation [text] | website = www.ucd.ie | dátarochtana = 2019-08-15 | archivedate = 2016-08-11 | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20160811050119/http://www.ucd.ie/tlh/trans/ws.rc.15.001.t.text.html }}</ref> ''Lebor Gabála Érenn''<ref>[http://www.maryjones.us/ctexts/lebor4.html#55 §61]; [http://www.maryjones.us/ctexts/turenn.html "The Fate of the Children of Tuirenn"], [[Tom Peete Cross]] & Clark Harris Slover (eags.), ''Ancient Irish Tales'', Henry Holt & Co., 1936, ll.&nbsp;49–81</ref> Tá beirt phearsana ann darbh ainm [[Lughaidh]], ainm mór le rá in Éirinn na meánaoise a mheastar gur fréamhaithe ó Lugh é, a raibh triúr aithreacha acu: mac na ''[[Findemna|Fionneamhna]]'' (triúr fionn) ba ea [[Lughaidh na Riabh Dearg]],<ref>Vernam Hull (eag. & aistr.), [http://www.maryjones.us/ctexts/medb.html "''Aided Meidbe'': The Violent Death of Medb"], ''Speculum'' iml. 13 eag. 1. (Ean. 1938), ll. 52–61</ref> agus bhí cáil ar [[Lugaid mac Con Roí]] mar ''mac Trí Con''.<ref>James MacKillop, ''Dictionary of Celtic Mythology'', Oxford University Press, 1998, lch. 273</ref><!--níos déanaí, b'fhéidir... ''In Ireland's other great "sequestered maiden" story, the tragedy of [[Deirdre]], the king's intended is carried off by three brothers, who are hunters with hounds.<ref>[http://www.maryjones.us/ctexts/usnech.html "Deirdre, or the Exile of the sons of Usnech"] (eag. & aistr. unknown)</ref> The canine imagery continues with Cian's brother Cú ("hound"), another Lugaid, [[Lugaid Mac Con]] (son of a hound), and Lugh's son [[Cú Chulainn]].<ref>MacKillop 1998, ll. 102–104, 272–273</ref> A fourth Lugaid was [[Lugaid Loígde]], a legendary [[Rí na Teamhrach]] and ancestor of (or inspiration for) Lughaidh Mac Con.--> ===Lugh mar bhall na dTuath Dé=== Agus é ina fhear óg, chuaigh Lugh go [[Teamhair|Teamhraigh]] chun ballraíocht a ghlacadh i gcúirt rí [[Nuada]] na dTuath Dé Danann. Níor lig an doirseoir isteach é mura raibh ceird aige arbh fhéidir leis thabhairt i mbun freastail ar an rí. Thairg sé a chumais mar sapr, gabha, curadh, claimhteoir, cláirseoir, laoch, file, staraí, draoi agus ceardaí, ach dhiúltaigh na Tuatha Dé gach uair é toisc go raibh a leithéid acu cheana. D'iarr Lugh ansin an raibh éinne ann leis na cumais sin san am céanna, agus b'éigean don doirseoir a rá nach raibh. Glacadh Lugh mar bhall den chúirt agus ceapadh é mar [[Ollamh Éireann|Phríomh-Ollamh]].<ref>{{lua idirlín | url = http://bardmythologies.com/lugh/ | teideal = Lugh | foilsitheoir = bardmythologies.com | dátarochtana = 2017-08-01 | archivedate = 2017-08-01 | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20170801160341/http://bardmythologies.com/lugh/ }}</ref> Bhuaigh Lugh i gcomórtas urchar leice in aghaidh an churaidh, [[Oghma]], and entertains the court lena [[cláirseach|chláirseach]]. Ag an am úd, bhí na Tuatha Dé faoi chois na bhFomhórach, agus bhí ionadh ar Lugh cé chomh humhal is a ghlacadar leis a n-ansmacht. D'fhiafraigh Nuada de féin an dtógfadh an fear óg seo iad chun saoirse. Ceapadh Lugh i gceannas na dTuath Dé Danann, agus thosaigh sé ag ullmhú chun cogaidh.<ref>Stokes 1891, ll. 75–81</ref> ===Mic ''Tuireann''=== {{príomhalt|Oidheadh Chlainne Tuireann}} Ba shean-naimhde iad [[Tuireann]] and Cian athair Lugha. Lá amháin, chonaic mic Tuireann (Brian, [[Iuchar]], agus [[Iucharba]]) Cian i gcéin, agus shocraigh siad é a mharú. D'aimsigh siad é i bhfolach i riocht muice, ach bhuail Cian bob orthu, é a ligint iompú ar ais go riocht fir, sular mharaigh siad é. Thug seo do Lugh an ceart de réir dlí cúiteamh a maíomh ar son athar agus ní amháin muice. <!--When they try to bury him, the ground spits his body back twice before keeping him down.--> D'eagraigh Lugh fleadh agus thug sé cuireadh do na deartháireacha isteach. D'fhiafraigh sé díobh cén éiric a d'éileoidís dá marófaí a n-athair. D'fhreagraíodar nár leor ach bás, agus d'aontaigh Lugh. Chuir sé dúnmharú a athar ina leith ansin, agus d'éiligh sé mar chúiteamh go gcuirfidís i gcrích ocht dtasc dodhéanta. B'éigean dóibh i measc eile a fháil do Lugh an t-úll faoi chosaint na Heispirídí, an seithe muice leighis le rí na Gréige, an tsleá nimhneach le rí na Peirse, agus an capall gaothgasta le rí na Sicile. D'éirigh leo gach tasc a dhéanamh, ach gortaíodh go marfach agus an tasc deireanach á dhéanamh acu. In ainneoin achainíocha a n-athar, Tuireann, dhiúltaigh Lugh iad a leigheasadh leis an seithe muice draíochta, agus lig sé as díoltas dóibh bás d'fháil. Thit Tuigeann i bhfanntais bhróin thar mharbháin a mhac, agus d'éag sé.<ref>[http://www.maryjones.us/ctexts/turenn.html "The Fate of the Children of Tuirenn"], Tom Peete Cross & Clark Harris Slover (eag.), ''Ancient Irish Tales'', Henry Holt & Co., 1936, ll. 49–81</ref> ===Cath Maighe Tuireadh=== Leis na hearraí draíochta a bhailigh mic Tuireann, chuaigh Lugh i gceannas the Tuatha Dé Danann in éadan na bhFomhórach sa Dara [[Cath Maighe Tuireadh]]. Roimh an gcath, d'fhiafraigh Lugh de gach fear agus bean cén cheird a thugfadh sé nó sí sa chomhrac. Labhair sé leis an arm ansin, agus spreag sé misneach gach gaiscígh go rí nó tiarna.<ref>{{ cite web | url = https://celt.ucc.ie//published/T300011/text120.html | teideal = Part 120 of The Second Battle of Moytura }}</ref> Mharaigh Balar Nuada sa chath. Chuaigh Lugh i mbun comhraic in aghaidh Bhalair, a d'oscail a dhrochsúil, ach chaith Lugh urchar óna chrann tabhaill a bhrúigh a shúil amach as cúl a chinn, ag déanamh léirscriosta ar arm na bhFomhórach taobh thiar. Tar éis an bhua, tháinig Lugh ar [[Bres|Bhreas]], iar-rí leath-Fhomhórach na dTuath Dé, ina aonar gan chosaint ar láthair an chatha, agus d'impigh Breas ar son a bheatha. Dá ligfí a bheo leis, gheall sé go ndeimhneodh seisean go dtabharfadh ba na hÉireann dá gcuid bainne i gcónaí. Dhiúltaigh na Tuatha Dé a thairiscint. Gheall sé ansin ceithre fhómhar sa bhliain, ach deir na Tuatha Dé gur dhóthain dóibh é ceann amháin. Ach lig Lugh a bheo leis dá mhúinfeadh sé do na Tuatha Dé conas agus cathain a treabhadh, a shíolú, agus a bhuain.<ref>Stokes 1891, ll. 81–111</ref> ===Deireadh saoil agus bás=== Chuir Lugh imeacht Lúnasa cosúil leis na g[[Cluichí Oilimpeacha]] ar bun, ar glaodh [[Aonach Thailtean]] air in ómós a mháthar altrama, [[Tailte]]. Chuir sé aonaigh Lúnasa ar bun i gCarman agus sa [[An Nás|Nás]], in ómós [[Carman|Charmain]] agus [[Nás|Náis]]. Bhíodh rásaí capall agus léirithe ealaíona comhraic ina n-imeachtaí tábhachtacha ag gach trí aonach. Ceiliúrann Lúnasa féin caithréim Lugha thar sprideanna an [[Alltar|tsaoil eile]], a rinne iarracht an fómhar a coinneáil chucu féin. Mhair sé mar ceiliúradh i bhfad i ré Críostaí, agus ceiliúrtar é fós faoi ainmneacha éagsúla. De réir dán an [[dinnseanchas|dinnseanchais]], na é Lugh ba chúis bás [[Bres|Bhreis]]. Rinne sé 300 bó as adhmad agus líon sé le leacht géar dearg nimhneach, a crúdh ansin agus a tairgeadh do Bhreas chun ól. Bhí Breas faoi gheis gan aíocht a dhiúltú, agus d'ól sé an deoch gan loiceadh agus mharaigh sí é.<ref>E. J. Gwynn (eag. & aistr.), ''The Metrical Dindshenchas'' [http://www.ucc.ie/celt/published/T106500C/index.html Iml. 3], 1906, ''[http://www.ucc.ie/celt/published/T106500C/text040.html Carn Hui Neit]'', Dán 40</ref> Deirtear gur cheap Lugh an bordchluiche, 'ficheall". Ach an cluiche a dtugtaí fidchell [fɪðʲçɛl] air i Sean-Ghaeilge (fidhcheall i nGaeilge na scol) bhí sé á imirt leis na cianta cairbreacha roimhe sin in Éirinn agus sa [[An Bhreatain Bheag|Bhreatain Bheag]] (áit a dtugtaí gwyddbwyll air). Dealraíonn sé gurb ionann ficheall agus fiodh-chiall.<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://gaeilge.org.au/caipeisi/nuachtlitir/anl138.pdf|teideal=An Lúibín|údar=gaeilge.org.au|dáta=14 M.F. 2010|dátarochtana=2020|archivedate=2020-03-11|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200311051426/https://gaeilge.org.au/caipeisi/nuachtlitir/anl138.pdf}}</ref> Bhí caidreamh idir a bhean chéile Buach agus [[Cermait]] mac an [[Daghdha]].<ref name="maryjones.us">{{ cite web | url = http://www.maryjones.us/ctexts/dagda.html | teideal = How the Dagda Got His Magic Staff|website=www.maryjones.us }}</ref> Mharaigh Lugh é in éiric, ach bhain mic ''Cermait'', [[Mac Coill]], [[Mac Cécht]], agus [[Mac Gréine]] a ndíoltas amhlaidh, á mharú le sleá tríd a chois agus ansin á bhá i Loch Lugborta.<ref>[https://celt.ucc.ie//published/T106500D/text086.html ''The Metrical Dindsenchas''] "Loch Lugborta", Dán 86</ref> Bhí sé i réim ar feadh daichead bliain.<!--Cermait was later revived by his father, the Daghda, who used the smooth or healing end of his staff to bring Cermait back to life.--><ref name="maryjones.us"/> ===Scéalaíochtaí and nósanna eile=== * Sa [[Rúraíocht]], athair [[Cú Chulainn]] ba ea é, leis an cailín daonna, [[Deichtine]]. Agus Cú Chulainn ina luí gortaithe i mbun dianchomhraic i rith an ''[[Táin Bó Cuailnge]]'', tháinig Lugh ar an bhfód agus leigheas sé a chneácha thar trí lá. * In ''[[Baile in Scáil]]'' de chuid [[Scéalaíocht na Ríthe]], thaispeáin Lugh éféini bhfís do [[Conn Cétchathach|Chonn Cétchathach]]. Ar ríchathaoir ar ardán, dhírigh sé bean álainn, darbh ainm Flaitheas na hÉireann, mír fheoil agus cuach [[leann]]a dheirg a thabhairt do Chonn, ag deimhniú, de réir deasghnátha, ceart rialach Choinn agus a shliochtach. * San [[An Fhiannaíocht|Fhiannaíocht]], mhaígh an seabhac agus seinnteoir [[cláirseach|cláirsí]], [[Cnú Deireóil]] gur mhac Lughach ba ea é.<ref>{{ lua idirlín | url = https://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/oi/authority.20110803095619885 | teideal = Cnú Deireóil - Oxford Reference | foilsitheoir = www.oxfordreference.com | doi = 10.1093/oi/authority.20110803095619885 }}</ref> * Mhaígh na [[Luíne]], dream a raibh cónaí orthu i g[[Contae na Mí]] agus [[Contae Shligigh]], gur de shliocht Lugha ba ea iad. * Sa Dinnseanchas Rennes, is mac "Leo lam-fota" (mac Lugha Lámhfhada)<ref>{{ cite web | url = https://celt.ucc.ie//published/T106500D/text003.html | teideal = Part 3 of The Metrical Dindshenchas | website = celt.ucc.ie }}</ref> é Ainle, agus maraítear é ag ''Curnan Cosdubh''.<ref name="auto"/> Deirtear gur chlúiteach agus iomráiteach é Áinle,<ref group=dil>[http://dil.ie/1250 áindle] ar eDIL, curadh, laoch</ref>, ach sa rann chéanna, deirtear chomh maith gur meatachán gan greim i mbun catha.<ref>[https://archive.org/stream/metricaldindsenc04royauoft/metricaldindsenc04royauoft_djvu.txt Metrical dinnseanc]</ref> * Sa Dinnseanchas, deirtear gur fear céile [[Bairenn|Bhairne]] é Luat mac Scáil Bhailb (Cian).<ref>{{ cite web | url = https://celt.ucc.ie//published/T106500D/index.html | teideal = The Metrical Dindshenchas | website = celt.ucc.ie }}</ref> * Feictear Lugh sa bhéaloideas mar ''[[cleasaí|chleasaí]]'', agus i g[[Contae Mhaigh Eo]], luaití stoirmeacha toirní mar cathanna idir Lugh agus Balar, rud a thugann roinnt daoine don tuairim gur dhia na stoirme ba ea é. ==Clann== Tugtar do Lugh an t-[[ainm máthartha]] mac ''[[Eithne|Ethlenn]]'' (nó mac ''Ethnenn'') agus an t-[[ainm athartha]] mac [[Cian|Céin]].<ref name=koch1200/> Garmhac máthartha de thíoránach na [[Fomhóraigh|bhFomhórach]], [[Balar]], ba ea é, ar mharaigh Lugh é sa ''[[Cath Maighe Tuireadh|Chath Maighe Tuireadh]]''. [[Manannán mac Lir|Manannán]], dia na mara, ba ea a athair altrama; agus de réir [[Leabhar Gabhála na hÉireann]], thug Cian Lugh óg do [[Tailte|Thailte]], banríon na bh[[Fir Bholg|Fear Bolg]], mar mhac altrama. Bhí roinnt bhan chéile aige, in measc [[Buach|Buí]] (accm Buach nó Bua) agus [[Nás]], iníonacha ''Ruadri Ruad'', rí na Breataine. Bhí Buí ina cónaí i g[[Cnóbha]],<ref>{{ cite web | last = Gwynn | first = Edward | teideal = The Metrical Dindshenchas: Cnogba | url=https://celt.ucc.ie/published/T106500C.html | website=Corpus of Electronic Texts | publisher=University College, Cork | accessdate = 4 August 2019 }}</ref> agus cuireadh faoi ann í. Tá uaigh Náis sa [[An Nás|Nás]] féin, [[Contae Chill Dara]] (ainmnithe aisti). Le Nás, bhí mac aige darbh ainm [[Ibic]].<ref>E. J. Gwynn (eag. & aistr.), ''The Metrical Dindshenchas'' Iml 3, 1906, [http://www.ucc.ie/celt/published/T106500C/text005.html Dán 5: Nás]</ref> Mar Luat, bhí bean chéile darbh ainm [[Bairend]] aige, a d'éag de ghalar a bhris a droim.<ref name=Luat /> [[Ebliu|Eibhle]], bean chéile [[Fintán mac Bóchra|Fhionntáin mhic Bhóchra]], ba ea a dheirfiúr nó iníon. Leis an bhean daonna [[Deichtine]], bhí mac eile aige, laoch na nUladh [[Cú Chulainn]] é féin.<ref>[[Walter Evans-Wentz|Evans-Wentz, Walter]] (1911). ''[http://www.sacred-texts.com/neu/celt/ffcc/ffcc270.htm The Fairy-Faith in Celtic Countries]'', lch. 369</ref><ref>[[Eleanor Hull|Hull, Eleanor]] (1898). ''The Cuchullin Saga in Irish Literature''.</ref>. ==Maoin== Bhí roinnt earraí draíochta le Lugh, faighte ag mic ''Thuirill Piccreo'' ([[Oghma]]), mar a insítear i [[Leabhar Gabhála na hÉireann]]. Sa scéal déanach ''[[Oidheadh Chlainne Tuireann]]'', faightear liosta dóibh siúd, chomh maith le bronntanais eile ó dhia na mara [[Manannán mac Lir|Manannán]] amhail is an claíomh [[Fragarach]], an capall [[Enbarr]] (Aonbarr), an bád Scuabtuinne, a chathéide agus a chlogad. ===Sleánna=== {{príomhalt|Lúin Chealtchair}} De réir an scéil [[Ceithre Sheod]] na dTuath Dé, dochloíte ba ea a shleá, Lúin Chealtchair,<ref>Vernam Hull eag. & aistr., "The four jewels of the Tuatha Dé Danann," ''Zeitschrift für Celtische Philologie'' 18 (1930) 73–89. "''No battle was maintained against the spear of Lug or against him who had it in his hand''"</ref> a tógadh go hÉirinn ó [[Gorias|Ghorias]] (nó Findias).<ref name="LGE">Macalister, R. A. S., eag. & aistr., ''Lebor Gabála Érenn: The Book Of The Taking Of Ireland'', Part IV (1941) [https://archive.org/details/leborgablare04macauoft] I ngach trí athleagan, is as Gorias sleá Lugha (¶305, ¶315, ¶357). Malartaítear na gaiscí idir úinéirí sa téacs "Four Jewels" le Hull, agus tagann dar leis claíomh Lugha as Gorias. Tá rud mar an gcéanna le fáil i ''[[Foras Feasa ar Éirinn]]'' le [[Seathrún Céitinn]]; agus san eagrán le Comyn, tagann claíomh Lugha as Gorias, fad is as Findias í a shleá (is le Lugh iad an dá rud ar deireadh)</ref> Fuair Lugh an Ga Assail mar éric gearrtha ar mhic ''Tuirill Piccreo'' (nó Biccreo - [[Oghma]]), de réir gearrscéil i Leabhar Gabhála na hÉireann (Dán LXV, 319),<ref name="LGE" /> a chuireann in iúl go ndearna an gháir "Ibar", [[iúr]], an t-urchar a sprioc a aimsiú, agus an gháir "Athibar (ath-iúr)" an tsleá a theacht ar ais. {{príomhalt|Oidheadh Chlainne Tuireann}} I lánleagan den Oidheadh,<ref name="ATL4">O'Curry, Eugene, eag. & aistr., "The Fate of the Children of Tuireann", ''The Atlantis'' IV, London 1863, [https://books.google.com/books?id=y5MEAAAAQAAJ&pg=RA1-PA159 157–240].</ref><ref>O'Duffy, Richard J. eag. & aistr., [[iarchive:fateofchildrenof00sociiala|''Oidhe Chloinne Tuireann. The Fate of the Children of Tuireann'']]. [[Society for the Preservation of the Irish Language]], Baile Átha Cliath 1888</ref> i gcóip ní luaite ná an 18ú haois, d'éiligh Lugh an tsleá ''Ar-éadbair'', a raibh i seilbh ''Pisear'', rí na Peirse. B'éigean dá barr a choimeád i n-uisce um é a chosc ar lasadh, tréith maraon le [[Lúin Chealtchair]]. Tá ainm eile fós ann i gcomhair sleá Lugh a, agus é sin ná eó bo háille d'ḟíoḋḃaiḃ,<ref name="ATL4"/>^{, ll. 204-5} (eo<ref>[https://www.teanglann.ie/ga/fgb/eo eo²] ar teanglann.ie DGB, iúr</ref> is áille d'fhíobha), le fáil i rann idirshuite i dtéacs den ''Oidheadh Chlainne Tuireann''. Sa téacs a mhaíonn gurbh ionann sleá Lugha, Lúin Chealtchair agus an tsleá a bhain radharc na súl de Chormac Mac Airt, glaotar uirthi "ibar alai fhidbaidha" (iúr cáiliúil fíobha<ref>[https://www.teanglann.ie/ga/fgb/fíobha fíobha] ar teanglann.ie</ref>).<ref>[[TCD MS 1336]] (olim H 3. 17), col. 723. Achoimrigh Hennessy an téacs seo, sa réamhrá (lch. xiv) dá eagrán de ''[[Mesca Ulad]]''. Faightear an dréacht sa lámhscríbhinn díreach i ndiaidh an téacs le ''H'' de [[Tairired na nDéssi]], Kuno Meyer, ''Anecdota'', I, ll. 15–24.</ref> Bogha báistí agus Bealach na Bó Finne ba ea crann tabhaill Lugha, darbh ainm "Slabhra Lugha". Murabh ionann an crann tabhaill, ní raibh de dhíth ag Lugh an tsleá a bheartú féin. Beo a bhí sí agus bhíodh an oiread sin cíocras fola uirthi gur ghá a ceann a chur ar maos i ndeoch chodlata de shíolta poipín úrthuargainte chun í a cheansú. Agus cath ag druidim léi, tarraingítí amach í. Ansin, bhúireadh sí, bhíodh sí ag streachailt in aghaidh a hiallacha, agus thagadh splancacha tine uaithi. Réabadh sí trí airm na naimhde a luaite is a scaoiltí í, agus ní éiríodh sí tuirseach riamh d'oidhe.<ref>Charles Squire, Caibidil 5 "The Gods of the Gaels" in ''The Mythology of the British Islands'', 1905, ath-eagraithe mar ''Celtic Myth and Legend'', ar líne ar [http://www.sacred-texts.com/neu/celt/cml/ sacred-texts.com]</ref> Ba shiombail thintrí é gaisce diúracáin Lugha, nó ga nó sleá.<ref>T. F. O'Rahilly, ''Early Irish History and Mythology'' (1946), ll. 60–5</ref> ===Cloch thabhaill=== De réir an ghearrchuntais i Leabhar Gabhála na hÉireann, chaith Lugh an chloch thabhaill chun a sheanathair, Balar, a mharú i g[[Cath Maighe Tuireadh]].<ref>''op. cit.'' ¶312, ¶312, ¶364</ref> Sa scéal ''Cath Maighe Tuireadh'', caomhnaithe i gcóip uathúil den 16ú haois, insítear gur chaith sé an ''liic talma'' (leac/lia tailme/tabhaill) chun drochshúil Bhalair Bhiorógdheirce a scrios.<ref>Gray, Elizabeth A. eag. & aistr., Cath Maige Tuired: the second battle of Mag Tuired (Baile Átha Cliath: Irish Texts Society [Sraith 52], 1982.), ar [http://www.ucc.ie/celt/published/G300010/index.html CELT]</ref> I ndán caomhnaithe ag an Curradh as Béarla,<ref>O'Curry, Eugene, ''Manners and Customs II'', lch. 252. D'aistrigh sé cúig stróf ó dhán ar phár-LS ''"formerly in the possession of Mr. W. Monck Mason, but lately sold at a public auction i Londain."</ref> insítear gur tháthluib<ref>[http://dil.ie/40228 táthluib] ar eDIL</ref> (cloch thabhaill déanta as stroighin) é an ga caite ag Lugh. ===Fragarach=== In ''[[Oidheadh Chlainne Tuireann]]'', i dtionól na dTuath Dé, feictear Lugh agus [[Fragarach]], claíomh [[Manannán mac Lir|Mhanannáin]], curtha thart air. ===Capall agus bád draíochta=== Bhí capall ag darbh ainm [[Enbarr]], a raibh ar a chumas dul ar talamh agus ar muir. Maraon le cuid mhaith dá earraí, thug Manannán mac Lir dó é. Nuair a d'iarr an chlann Tuireann air borrow capall a fháil ar iasacht, dhiúltaigh Lugh iad, ag rá nach mbeadh sé ceart na cóir rud a thabhairt ar iasacht a raibh féin ar iasacht. Dá bharr, níorbh fhéidir Lugh iad a dhiúltú i gcomhair a churraigh, Scuabadh-Toinne. Sa Leabhar Gabhála,<ref>Macalister, ¶319 (loc. cit.)</ref> Gainne agus Rea ba ea ainmneacha na gcapall i seilbh rí Oileán na Sicile, a d'éiligh Lugh mar éric ó mhic Tuirill Briccreo (Oghma). ===Cú=== {{príomhalt|Fáil Inis}} Coileán rí na hIoruaí b\ ea Fáil Inis a d'éiligh Lugh mar éiric sa scéal ''[[Oidheadh Chlainne Tuireann]]''. Is ionann an t-ainm seo agus an cú luaite i ndúan "Oisíneach",<ref>Stern, L. Chr. eag., aistr. (as Gearmáinis) in: "Eine ossianische Ballade aus dem XII. Jahrhundert", [https://books.google.com/books?id=s6wCAAAAMAAJ ''Festschrift Whitley Stokes zum siebzigsten Geburtstage''], 1900, ll. 7–12, eagraithe ón Leabhar Laighneach, lch. 207b</ref> luaite scaití dá chéad líne, "Dám Thrír Táncatair Ille" (Dámh thriúir thángadar i leith)". Salinnis nó Fáil Inis (sa téacs Leasa Mhóir) is ainm don chú sa duán,<ref>Whitely Stokes, Book of Lismore, fo. 153 b, recension of the ballad in the Notice on ''Festschrift'' above, in: [https://books.google.com/books?id=_hLEikZQOWYC ''Zeitschrift für Celtische Philologie'', III], ll. 432–</ref> arbh le triúr Lochlannach ar bhuail na Fianna leo. Deirtear gur "chú ársa é... a raibh le Lugh na mBrat, / Tugtha dó ag mic Tuireann..."<ref>O'Curry, Eugene, "Tri Thruaighe na Scéalaigheachta (Trí Thrua na Scéalaíochta)" [https://books.google.com/books?id=yOsAAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA396 ''The Atlantis''] III, Londain 1862, ll. 396–7. Níl ainm an chú i measc na ceithre rannta.</ref> <i> That hound of mightiest deeds, Which was irresistible in hardness of combat, Was better than wealth ever known, A ball of fire every night. Other virtues had that beautiful hound (Better this property than any other property), Mead or wine would grow of it, Should it bathe in spring water. </i> Críochnaíonn aistriúchán Ó Ciarraí anseo, ach deir an rann ina dhiaidh "Is iad Sél, Donait agus Domhnán an triúr laochra. An cú is áille, tugadh Fáil Inis go Fionn". Feictear an triúr seo i n[[Agallamh na Seanórach]], cé gur ''Fer Mac'' (Fear Mac) is ainm don chú. ==Miotaseolaíocht chomparáideach== Freagraíonn Lugh don dia pan-[[Na Ceiltigh|Cheilteach]], [[Lugus]], agus is é [[Lleu Llaw Gyffes]] a chomhdhia Breatnach.<ref name="ohogain">Ó hÓgáin, Dáithí. ''Myth, Legend & Romance: An encyclopaedia of the Irish folk tradition''. Prentice Hall Press, 1991, ll. 273-276</ref> Moltar gurbh ionann marú Bhalair ag Lugh agus marú ''Baldr'' ag Loki.<ref name="dolmens">{{ cite book | last = Borlase | first = William Copeland | title = The Dolmens of Ireland | date = 1897 | publisher = Chapman and Hall | location = Indiana University | pages = 796, 802, 806, 813 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=wvJMAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA802&lpg=PA802&dq=scal+balb+dindshenchas&source=bl&ots=6Hbeu3evhr&sig=ACfU3U1AHIApreoIStlS-fuTVbZ-OrgGzA&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjR0JHlnOzjAhXKZs0KHcT6B3kQ6AEwAnoECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=scal%20balb&f=false | accessdate = 6 August 2019 }}</ref> Is é oilteacht Lugha de gach dána ba chúis a nascann roinnt daoine é leis an dia anaithnid na nGallach a shamhlaigh [[Julius Caesar]] le [[Mearcair (dia)|Mearcair]], ar luaigh sé é mar "cheapadóir gach ealaíona".<ref>[[Julius Caesar]], ''[[Commentarii de Bello Gallico]]'' [http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?lookup=Caes.+Gal.+6.17 6:17]</ref> Deir Caesar gurbh é an dia ba mhó urraim na nGallach, ag maoirsiú turas agus cúrsaí gnó. Meastar gur leagan Críostaí de Lugh é [[Naomh Molaga]].<ref>[https://www.logainm.ie/1414055.aspx Tigh Molaige] ar logainm.ie, féach Nóta mínithe, "English": "a pet form of Lugh"</ref><ref name=dolmens /> ==Logainmneacha== Tá [[Contae Lú]] ainmnithe as an sráidbhaile Lú, a bhfuil ainmnithe as an dia. I measc áiteanna eile ainmnithe as Lugh faightear an carn ag Suí Lugha(idh), [[Dún Lúiche]] i gContae Dhún na nGall, agus Ráth Lugaidh i bhFearann Uí Chearnaigh<ref>[https://www.logainm.ie/1167086.aspx Fearann Uí Chearnaigh] ar logainm.ie</ref>, Sligeach.<ref name=dolmens /> Tá Suí Lughaidh suite i Maigh Tuireadh, agus de réir an bhéaloidis áitiúil, chruinníodh fathaigh le chéile anseo.<ref name=dolmens /> Tá Suí Lú<ref group=log>[https://www.logainm.ie/1414587.aspx Suí Lú] ar logainm.ie</ref> eile le fáil i gContae Mhuineacháin, agus tá Ráth Lú<ref group=log>[https://www.logainm.ie/1167089.aspx Ráth Lú] ar logainm</ref> eile le fáil i gContae na Mí. ==Féach freisin== * [[Stair na hÉireann]] * [[Liosta Ard-Ríthe na hÉireann]] * [[Táin Bó Flidais]] * [[Peirséas]] * [[Mearcair (miotaseolaíocht)|Mearcair]] * [[An Lúnasa|Lúnasa]] ==Príomhfhoinsí== * ''[[Leabhar Gabhála na hÉireann]]'' * ''[[Baile in Scáil]]'' * Dara ''[[Cath Maighe Tuireadh]]'' * ''[[Oidheadh Chlainne Tuireann]]'' * ''[[Compert Con Culainn]]'' * ''[[Táin Bó Cuailnge]]'' * [[Dinnseanchas]] Aoi ==Fofhoinsí== * Cross, Tom Peete agus Clark Harris Slover. ''Ancient Irish Tales'', Henry Holt & Company, Inc., 1936. {{ISBN|1-56619-889-5}}. * Ellis, Peter Berresford. ''Dictionary of Celtic Mythology''. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1994. {{ISBN|0-19-508961-8}}. * MacKillop, James. ''Dictionary of Celtic Mythology''. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1998. {{ISBN|0-19-280120-1}}. * Ovist, Krista L. ''The integration of Mercury and Lugus: Myth and history in late Iron Age and early Roman Gaul''. Chicago: University of Chicago Divinity School dissertation, ll.&nbsp;703, 2004. [https://search.proquest.com/docview/305095727 (link)] * Wood, Juliette. ''The Celts: Life, Myth, and Art''. Thorsons Publishers, 2002. {{ISBN|0-00-764059-5}}. ==Nótaí== ===Foclóir - Sean-Ghaeilge=== {{reflist|group=dil}} ===Foclóir - Nua-Ghaeilge=== {{reflist|group=tea}} ===Logainmneacha=== {{reflist|group=log}} ==Tagairtí== {{reflist}} {{s-start}} {{succession box | roimh = [[Nuadha]] | teideal = [[Ard-Rí na hÉireann]] | tar éis = [[Daghdha]] | bliain = [[Annála na gCeithre Máistrí|ACM]] 1870-1830 RC<br>[[Foras Feasa ar Éirinn|FFE]] 1447–1407 RC | }} {{s-end}} {{An Rúraíocht}} [[Catagóir:Tuatha Dé Danann]] [[Catagóir:Déithe na nGael]] [[Catagóir:Ard-Ríthe na hÉireann]] [[Catagóir:An Rúraíocht]] [[Catagóir:Contae Lú]] 7l2ltlqwq9l0v0e1acbfzfwvk513q6k 0 33684 1321691 1261476 2026-07-26T13:44:22Z InternetArchiveBot 47196 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1321691 wikitext text/x-wiki {{WD Bosca Sonraí Dath | tonnfhad = 585-620 nm | minicíocht = 505–480 THz | siombalachas = Rabhadh, an Fómhar, dúil, tine, Oíche Shamhna, príosúnaigh, Oráisteachas, creidimh na hIndia, innealtóireacht, diongbháilteacht, atrua, buanseasmhacht, soirbheachas | r = 255 | g = 102 | b = 0 | c = 0 | m = 60 | y = 100 | k = 0 | h = 24 | s = 100 | v = 100 | heics = FF6600 }} Is é '''flannbhuí''' an dath idir [[Buí|buí]] agus [[Dearg|dearg]], ach is iondúil go mbaintear úsáid as an téarma '''oráiste''' ina ionad, sa lá atá inniu ann, do speictream an tsolais infheicthe. Braitheann súile an duine flannbhuí nuair a bhreathnaíonn siad solas le tonnfhad ceannasach idir thart ar 585 agus 620 nanaiméadar. I dteoiric na ndathanna traidisiúnta, is dath tánaisteach na líocha é, a tháirgtear trí buí agus dearg a mheascadh le chéile. Sa tsamhail datha Dearg-Glas-Gorm, is dath treasach é. Is é flannbhuí an 5,809ú focal is minice úsáid sa Ghaeilge. Tagann sé chun cinn uair amháin i ngach 270,537 focal.<ref>[http://www.potafocal.com/gt/?s=flannbhu%c3%ad Pota Focal]</ref> Tugtar 'dath oráiste' ar go leor torthaí agus glasraí, mar shampla cairéid, puimcíní, prátaí milse, agus oráistí, ó charaitéiní, cineál lí fótaisintéisí. Tiontaíonn na líocha seo an fuinneamh solais a ionsúnn plandaí ón nGrian go fuinneamh ceimiceach le haghaidh fás na bplandaí. Ar an gcaoi chéanna, tá dath duilleoga an fhómhair ón lí céanna tar éis an clóraifill a bainte. San Eoraip agus i Meiriceá, léiríonn suirbhéanna gurb é flannbhuí an dath is mó a bhaineann le siamsa, an neamhghnásúil, an easdhíritheacht, an teas, an tine, an fuinneamh, an ghníomhaíocht, an chontúirt, an blas agus an dea-bholadh, séasúir an fhómhair, srl., chomh maith le bheith ina ndath náisiúnta. dath na hÍsiltíre agus an Teaghlach Oráiste. Feidhmíonn sé freisin mar dhath polaitiúil den idé-eolaíocht pholaitiúil an daonlathais Chríostaí agus formhór na bpáirtithe polaitiúla daonlathacha Críostaí. San Áise, is dath siombalach tábhachtach é sa [[An Búdachas|Bhúdachas]] agus sa [[An Hiondúchas|Hiondúchas]].<ref>Eva Heller, ''Psychologie de la couleur: effets et symboliques'', pp. 149–158</ref> ==An téarma Gaeilge== Má chuardaíonn tú “oráiste” mar dhath i [[Tomás de Bhaldraithe|de Bhaldraithe]], ní bhfaighidh tú “oráiste” ach gheobhaidh tú "flannbhuí". Má chuardaíonn tú "oráiste" san Fhoclóir Gaeilge-Béarla ([[Niall Ó Dónaill|Ó Dónaill]], 1977), gheobhaidh tú amach gur toradh é, ach ní dath é. Tá "dath oráiste", ceart go leor, ar an mbealach céanna go bhfuil "dath féir" nó "dath sneachta"..<ref>[http://www.smo.uhi.ac.uk/~oduibhin/cruinneas/oraiste.htm Sabhal Mòr Ostaig - Ciarán Ó Duibhín - An dath é "oráiste"?]</ref>Deirtear uaireanta gur 'flannbhuí' an leagan ceart ar an dath agus gurb é an toradh atá i gceist le ''oráiste''. Mar sin féin is coitianta i bhfad ''oráiste'' anois.<ref>[http://www.smo.uhi.ac.uk/~oduibhin/cruinneas/oraiste.htm Sabhal Mòr Ostaig - Ciarán Ó Duibhín - An dath é "oráiste"?]</ref> Mar shampla, is é 'oráiste' an 3,105ú focal is minice úsáid sa Ghaeilge <ref>{{Lua idirlín |url=http://www.potafocal.com/gt/?s=or%c3%a1iste |teideal=Cóip cartlainne |dátarochtana=2023-06-23 |archivedate=2023-06-23 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230623191220/http://www.potafocal.com/gt/?s=or%C3%A1iste }}</ref> agus is é 'flannbhuí' an 5,809ú focal, a thagann chun cinn uair amháin i ngach 72,639 focal.<ref>[http://www.potafocal.com/gt/?s=flannbhu%c3%ad Pota Focal]</ref> ==Féach freisin== *[[Xanthoria parietina|Léicean flannbhuí coiteann]] *[[Impatiens capensis|Balsaimín flannbhuí]] * [[Schizoporella japonica|Bríosón Seapánach flannbhuí]] * [[Flammulina velutipes|Caidhp fhlannbhuí chosvialait]] * [[Euplectes franciscanus|Easpag flannbhuí]] *Fíodóir flannbhuí *Gainneachán flannbhuí *Garúpach flannbhuí *Licean duilleach flannbhuí *Léicean flannbhuí *Léicean flannbhuí coiteann *Pearóid bholg-fhlannbhuí * Síodghob liceann flannbhuí * Stádas flannbhuí * Fógra aimsire flannbhuí * Uaine, bán, agus flannbhuí, (an suaitheantas náisiúnta) * Reábhlóide Flannbhuí * Ord Flannbhuí == Tagairtí == {{Reflist}} {{síol}} [[Catagóir:Dathanna]] bqgxd3qjdqb5nzkiq90jnq1e9zh3sxq 0 38017 1321755 1204061 2026-07-26T23:00:17Z Taghdtaighde 60452 Catagóirí curtha leis 1321755 wikitext text/x-wiki {{WD Bosca Sonraí Duine}} Is scríbhneoir [[Gaeilge]] [[Éireannach]] é '''Donach de Róiste'''. Ar na leabhair a scríobh sé tá ''Ceann V. Cloigeann'', ''Sláinte an Domhain'' ([[1965]]) agus ''Sladmhargadh'' ([[1968]]) a d'fhoilsigh [[Foilseacháin Náisiúnta Teoranta]]. [[Karl Uhlemann]] a rinne na léaráidí. ==Tagairtí== {{reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Roiste, Donach de}} [[Catagóir:Scríbhneoirí Gaeilge]] [[Catagóir:Scríbhneoirí Éireannacha]] [[Catagóir:Úrscéalaithe Gaeilge]] [[Catagóir:Úrscéalaithe Éireannacha]] [[Catagóir:Scríbhneoirí ficsin thuairimigh]] <!--[[Catagóir:Daoine a rugadh...]] [[Catagóir:Básanna...]]--> {{Síol-leabhar}} 96bvx0bxpkhv4dswt0ys3cnpb8d77fn 0 38018 1321756 1280720 2026-07-26T23:00:29Z Taghdtaighde 60452 Catagóirí curtha leis 1321756 wikitext text/x-wiki {{WD Bosca Sonraí Eagraíochta}} [[Comhlacht]] [[Foilsitheoireacht|foilsitheoireachta]] [[Éire|Éireannach]] as [[Baile Átha Cliath]] ab ea '''Foilseacháin Náisiúnta Teoranta''' (nó '''FNT''' uaireanta). == Saothair == * Chuir an comhlacht [[Cré na Cille]] le [[Máirtín Ó Cadhain]] amach sa bhliain [[1949]]. * D'fhoilsíodar leabhair le [[Donach de Róiste]]. * D'fhoilsigh an comhlacht leabhar le Brian Ó Baoill ''Idir Huron is Hudson''. Bhaineadar úsáid as na clódóirí ''Muintir Ghormáin'' i n[[Gaillimh]] agus a gclólann féin i g[[Cathair na Mart]]. == Tagairtí == {{reflist}} {{síol-ie}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Foilseachain Naisiunta Teoranta}} [[Catagóir:Foilsitheoirí Gaeilge]] [[Catagóir:Comhlachtaí foilsitheoireachta Éireannacha]] [[Catagóir:Contae Mhaigh Eo]] [[Catagóir:Bunaithe sa bhliain 1948]] [[Catagóir:Bunaithe sna 1940í]] sb9p3q1oigws65n6hfraq7nq2lhuzsk 0 48965 1321727 1317550 2026-07-26T19:26:10Z InternetArchiveBot 47196 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1321727 wikitext text/x-wiki {{WD Bosca Sonraí Comhdhúil Cheimiceach}} [[Íomhá:Periodieksysteemmaardaneffeietsanders-kolom31.svg|thumb| Suíomh na n-alaiginí sa tábla peiriadach - Grúpa 17]] Grúpa dúl ar [[Tábla peiriadach|chlár peiriadach na ndúl]] le 7 bhfiúsleictreon is ea na '''Halaigíní'''. Cuimsíonn siad [[fluairín]](F), [[clóirín]] (Cl), [[bróimín]] (Br), [[Iaidín|iaidín]] (I), agus an [[Dúil cheimiceach|dúil]] shaorga [[astaitín]] (At). Féadfaidh an eilimint 117 a cruthaíodh go saorga, [[Teinisín|teinisín]] (Ts), a bheith ina halaigine freisin. San ainmníocht nua-aimseartha [[Aontas Idirnáisiúnta na Glan-Cheimice agus na Ceimice Feidhmí|AIGCF]], tugtar '''grúpa 17''' ar an ngrúpa seo. Ciallaíonn an t-ainm "halaigine" "salainnghinteach." Nuair a imoibríonn halaiginí le miotail, táirgeann siad raon leathan salainn, lena n-áirítear [[fluairíd chailciam]], [[clóiríd sóidiam]] ([[Salann|salann boird]] coitianta), [[Bróimíd airgid|bróimíd airgid]] agus [[Iaidíd photaisiam|iaidíd photaisiam]]. Is é an grúpa halaiginí an t-aon ghrúpa sa [[Tábla peiriadach|tábla peiriadach]] ina bhfuil dúile i dtrí cinn de [[Staideanna an Damhna|staideanna an damhna]] ag teocht agus brú caighdeánach. Cruthaíonn na halaiginí go léir aigéid nuair atá siad nasctha le hidrigin. De ghnáth táirgtear an chuid is mó de halaiginí ó [[Mianra|mhianraí]] nó ó [[Salann (Ceimic)|shalainn]]. Is minic a úsáidtear na halaiginí ata sa lár - clóirín, bróimín, agus iaidín - mar [[Dífhabhtán|dhífhabhtáin]]. Is iad na horgánabhróimídí an aicme is tábhachtaí de na [[Lasairmhoillitheach|lasairmhoillitheacha]], cé go bhfuil halaiginí eiliminteacha contúirteach agus is féidir leo a bheith tocsaineach marfach. ==Stair== Chomh luath le 1529, bhí a fhios ag ceimiceoirí go raibh an mianra fluairít Thuig ceimiceoirí luatha go bhfuil dúil nár aimsíodh i gcomhdhúile fluairín, ach nach raibh siad in ann í a haonrú. Sa bhliain 1860, sheol [[George Gore, (leictreaphoitigéir)|George Gore, poitigéir]] Sasanach, sruth leictreachais trí aigéad hidreafluarach agus is dócha go ndearna sé fluairín, ach ní raibh sé in ann a thorthaí a chruthú ag an am. Sa bhliain 1886, rinne Henri Moissan, poitigéir i bPáras, leictrealú ar dhéfhluairíd photaisiam a bhí tuaslagtha i bhfluairíd hidrigine ainhidriúil, agus d’éirigh leis fluairín a haonrú.<ref name="Nature's Building Blocks">{{cite book|last=Emsley|first=John|title=Nature's Building Blocks|url=https://archive.org/details/naturesbuildingb0000emsl_b1k4|year=2011|isbn= 978-0199605637}}</ref> Bhí an aigéad hidreaclórach ar eolas ag ailceimiceoirí agus luath-cheimiceoirí. Níor táirgeadh clóirín eiliminteach, áfach, go dtí 1774, nuair a théadh Carl Wilhelm Scheele an aigéad hidreaclórach le dé-ocsaíd mhangainéise. Thug Scheele “dephlogistische Salzsäure” ([[An Ghaeilge|Gaeilge]]: ''aigéad hidreaclórach dífhlógastach'') ar an dúil, agus is é sin an chaoi a raibh clóirín ar eolas le 33 bliain. Sa bhliain 1807, rinne [[Humphry Davy]] imscrúdú ar chlóirín agus fuair sé amach gur fíordhúil é. Cuingrithe leis an aigéad hidreaclórach nó leis an aigéad sulfarach i gcásanna áirithe, chruthaigh clóirínan gás, a d'úsáideadh le linn an [[Dara Cogadh Domhanda]] toisc go raibh an [[Cogaíocht cheimiceach|gás nimhiúil]]. D'aimsigh Antoine Jérôme Balard bróimín sna 1820idí. D'aimsigh Balard bróimín trí ghás clóirín a rith trí shampla de sháile. Ar dtús, mhol sé an t-ainm ''muride'' don dúil nua, ach d’athraigh L’'''Académie française''' ainm na dúile go [[bróimín]].<ref name="Nature's Building Blocks" /> D'aimsigh Bernard Courtois iaidín, a bhí ag úsáid luaithreamháin feamainne mar chuid de phróiseas chun sailpítear a mhonarú. De ghnáth, bhruith Courtois an luaithreamhán feamainne le huisce chun clóiríd photaisiam a ghiniúint. Sa bhliain 1811, áfach, chuir Courtois aigéad sulfarach lena phróiseas agus fuair sé amach gur tháirg a phróiseas múichí chorcra a chomhdhlúthaigh i g[[Criostal|criostail]] dhubha. Ag ceapadh gur dúil nua iad na criostail seo, sheol Courtois samplaí chuig poitigéirí eile lena n-imscrúdú. Chruthaigh [[Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac|Joseph Gay-Lussac]] gur dúil nua í iaidín.<ref name="Nature's Building Blocks" /> Sa bhliain 1931, mhaígh Fred Allison gur aimsigh sé dúil 85 le meaisín maighnéadoptúil, agus d’ainmnigh sé an dúil alabamine, ach bhí sé contráilte faoi. Sa bhliain 1937, mhaígh Rajendralal De gur aimsigh sé dúil 85 i mianraí, agus ghlaoigh sé dakine uirthi, ach bhí dul amú air freisin. Níor éirigh le hiarracht Horia Hulubei agus Yvette Cauchois teacht ar an dúil 85 sa bhliain 1939 trí speictreascópachta, mar aon le hiarracht sa bhliain chéanna le Walter Minder, a d'aimsigh gné cosúil le iaidín mar thoradh ar bhéite-mheath pholóiniam. D'éirigh le Tháirg Dale R. Corson, K.R. Mackenzie, agus Emilio G. Segrè an dúil 85 a tháirgeadh sa bhliain 1940, trí bhiosmat a thuairgneáil le cáithníní alfa. .<ref name="Nature's Building Blocks" /> Sa bhliain 2010, d'éirigh le foireann faoi stiúir an fhisiceora núicléaigh [[Yuri Oganessian]] ina raibh eolaithe ón Chomh-Institiúid um Thaighde Núicléach ([[An Rúisis|Rúisis]]: ''Объединённый институт ядерных исследований''), [[Saotharlann Náisiúnta Oak Ridge]], [[Saotharlann Náisiúnta Lawrence Livermore]], agus [[Ollscoil Vanderbilt]] teinisín-294 a dhéanamh, tri adaimh bheircéiliam-249 a thuairgneáil le hadamh cailciam-48 . Ó bhí 2019 ann, is í an dúil is déanaí a thángthas ar. === Sanasaíocht === Sa bhliain 1811, mhol an poitigéir Gearmánach Johann Schweigger go gcuirfí an t-ainm "halogen" - a chiallaíonn "salainnghinteach.", ó αλς [als] "salann" agus γενειν [genein] "gin" - in ionad an ainm "clóirín", a bhí molta ag an gceimiceoir Sasanach Humphry Davy.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Schweigger|first1=J.S.C.|title=Nachschreiben des Herausgebers, die neue Nomenclatur betreffend|journal=Journal für Chemie und Physik|date=1811|volume=3|issue=2|pages=249–255|url=https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=njp.32101076802287;view=1up;seq=295|trans-title=Postscript of the editor concerning the new nomenclature|language=de}} On p. 251, Schweigger proposed the word "halogen": ''"Man sage dafür lieber mit richter Wortbildung ''Halogen'' (da schon in der Mineralogie durch ''Werner's'' Halit-Geschlecht dieses Wort nicht fremd ist) von αλς ''Salz'' und dem alten γενειν (dorisch γενεν) ''zeugen''."'' (One should say instead, with proper morphology, "halogen" (this word is not strange since [it's] already in mineralogy via Werner's "halite" species) from αλς [als] "salt" and the old γενειν [genein] (Doric γενεν) "to beget".)</ref> Bhí an lá ag an ainm "clóirín" ar deireadh.<ref>{{Cite journal|title=J. S. C. Schweigger: His Romanticism and His Crystal Electrical Theory of Matter|journal=Isis|volume=62|issue=3 |pages=328–338|year=1971|doi=10.1086/350763|jstor=229946|last1=Snelders|first1=H. A. M.|s2cid=170337569}}</ref> Sa bhliain 1826, áfach, mhol an poitigéir Sualannach Baron Jöns Jacob Berzelius an téarma “halaigine” do na heilimintí fluairín, clóirín, agus iaidín, a tháirgeann substaint cosúil le salann sáile nuair a fhoirmíonn siad comhdhúil le miotal alcaileach.<ref>In 1826, Berzelius coined the terms ''Saltbildare'' (salt-formers) and ''Corpora Halogenia'' (salt-making substances) for the elements chlorine, iodine, and fluorine. See: {{cite book|last1=Berzelius|first1=Jacob|title=Årsberättelser om Framstegen i Physik och Chemie|trans-title=Annual Report on Progress in Physics and Chemistry|date=1826|publisher=P.A. Norstedt & Söner|location=Stockholm, Sweden|volume=6|page=187|url=https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=hvd.32044092556919;view=1up;seq=195|language=sv}} From p. 187: ''"De förre af dessa, d. ä. ''de electronegativa'', dela sig i tre klasser: 1) den första innehåller kroppar, som förenade med de electropositiva, omedelbart frambringa salter, hvilka jag derför kallar ''Saltbildare'' (Corpora Halogenia). Desse utgöras af chlor, iod och fluor *)."'' (The first of them [i.e., elements], the electronegative [ones], are divided into three classes: 1) The first includes substances which, [when] united with electropositive [elements], immediately produce salts, and which I therefore name "salt-formers" (salt-producing substances). These are chlorine, iodine, and fluorine *).)</ref><ref>The word "halogen" appeared in English as early as 1832 (or earlier). See, for example: Berzelius, J.J. with A.D. Bache, trans., (1832) [https://books.google.com/books?id=eWsWAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA1-PA248#v=onepage&q&f=false "An essay on chemical nomenclature, prefixed to the treatise on chemistry,"] ''The American Journal of Science and Arts'', '''22''': 248–276 ; see, for example [https://books.google.com/books?id=eWsWAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA1-PA263#v=onepage&q&f=false p. 263.]</ref> Tá an foirceann -ín (-ine sa Bhéarla) ar na hainmneacha go léir. Tagan an t-ainm fluairín ón bhfocal Laidineach ''fluere'', rud a chiallaíonn "sreabh", toisc go raibh sé díorthaithe ón mianraí fluairít, a úsáideadh mar [[Flosc (miotalóireacht)|fhlosc]] sa mhiotalóireacht. Tagann an t-ainm clóirín ón bhfocal Gréigise χλωρος ''clóraos'', rud a chiallaíonn "glasbhuí". Tagann an t-ainm bróimín ón bhfocal Gréigise βρῶμος ''bromos'', rud a chiallaíonn "bréantas ". Tagann an t-ainm iaidín ón bhfocal Gréigise ἰοειδής ''iodes'', rud a chiallaíonn "corcairghorm". Tagann an t-ainm astatine ón bhfocal Gréigise αστατος, ''astatos'', rud a chiallaíonn "éagobhsaí".<ref name = "Nature's Building Blocks"/> Tá [[teinisín]] ainmnithe i ndiaidh stát SAM de Tennessee. == Saintréithe== === Ceimiceacha === Taispeánann na halaiginí treochtaí i nascfhuinneamh ceimiceach ag bogadh ó bhun go barr an cholúin 7 sa tábla peiriadach, ach amháin le fluairín ag imeacht beagán ón gconair. Leanann fluairín treocht ina bhfuil an nascfhuinneamh ceimiceach is airde aige i gcomhdhúile le hadaimh eile, ach tá naisc cheimiceacha an-lag aige laistigh den mhóilín dé-adamhach F₂. Ciallaíonn sé seo go laghdaíonn imoibríocht na ndúl níos faide síos i ngrúpa 17 sa tábla peiriadach mar gheall ar mhéid na n-adamh ag méadú.<ref>Page 43, Edexcel International GCSE chemistry revision guide, Curtis 2011</ref> {| class="wikitable" style="float:right; margin-top:0; margin-left:1em; text-align:center; font-size:10pt; line-height:11pt; width:25%;" |+ style="margin-bottom: 5px;" | Nascfhuinnimh na n-alaiginí (kJ/mol){{sfn|Greenwood|Earnshaw|1998|p=804}} |- ! X ! X₂ ! HX ! BX₃ ! AlX₃ ! CX₄ |- ! scope="row" style="background:#ff9;"| F | style="background:#ff9;"| ''159'' | style="background:#ff9;"| ''574'' | style="background:#ff9;"| ''645'' | style="background:#ff9;"| ''582'' | style="background:#ff9;"| ''456'' |- ! scope="row" | Cl |243 |428 |444 |427 |327 |- ! scope="row" | Br |193 |363 |368 |360 |272 |- ! scope="row" | I |151 |294 |272 |285 |239 |} Tá na halaiginí an-imoibríoch, agus dá bhrí sin is féidir leo, i gcainníochtaí leordhóthanacha, a bheith díobhálach nó marfach d’orgánaigh bhitheolaíocha. Ard-leictridhiúltacht na n-adamh is cúis leis an imoibríocht ard seo, toisc a lucht núicléach ardéifeachtach. Ós rud é go bhfuil seacht fiúsleictreon ag na halaiginí ar a leibhéal fuinnimh is forimeallaí, is féidir leo leictreon a fháil trí imoibriú le hadaimh na ndúl eile chun [[Riail an ochtréid|riail an ochtréid]] a shásamh. Fluairín is ea an dúil is imoibríche de na dúile go léir; is é an t-aon dhúil atá níos leictridhiúltaí ná ocsaigin, ionsaíonn sé ábhair, ach ab é sin a bhéas támh, mar ghloine, agus cruthaíonn sé comhdhúile leis na triathgháis a bhíonn támh de ghnáth. Is gás creimneach agus an-tocsaineach é. Tá imoibríocht an fhluairín mór sin, sa chaoi má úsáidtear nó má stóráiltear é in earraí gloine saotharlainne, féadfaidh sé imoibriú le gloine i láthair méideanna beaga uisce chun teitreafluairíd sileacain (SiF₄) a dhéanamh. Mar sin, caithfear fluairín a láimhseáil le substaintí mar [[Polaiteitreafluaireitiléin|Teflon]] (atá ina orgánafluairín ann féin), gloine thar a bheith tirim, nó miotail cosúil le copar nó cruach, a chruthaíonn ciseal cosanta de fluairíd ar a ndromchla. Ligeann imoibríocht ard fluairín cuid de na nascanna is láidre is féidir a chur ar bun, go háirithe le carbón. Mar shampla, nascann fluairín le carbón agus tá sé thar a bheith frithsheasmhach in aghaidh ionsaithe teirmeacha agus ceimiceacha agus tá leáphointe ard aige. ==== Móilíní==== =====Móilíní halaigine dé-adamhacha ===== Cruthaíonn na halaiginí móilíní dé-adamhacha homanúicléacha (rud nach bhfuil cruthaithe le haghaidh an astaitín). Mar gheall ar fhórsaí idirmhóilíneacha réasúnta lag, tá clóirín agus fluairín mar chuid den ghrúpa ar a dtugtar "gáis eiliminteacha". {| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto" |- !halaigin || móilín|| struchtúr ||samhail|| ''d''(X−X) / pm<br />(pas gásach) || ''d''(X−X) / pm<br />(pas soladach) |- | <center>[[fluairín ]]</center> || <center>F₂</center> || <center>[[Image:Difluorine-2D-dimensions.png|45px]]</center> || <center>[[Image:Fluorine-3D-vdW.png|45px]]</center> || <center>143</center> || <center>149</center> |- | <center>[[clóirín]]</center> || <center>Cl₂</center> || <center>[[Image:Dichlorine-2D-dimensions.png|70px]]</center> || <center>[[Image:Chlorine-3D-vdW.png|63px]]</center> || <center>199</center> || <center>198</center> |- | <center>[[bróimín]]</center> || <center>Br₂</center> || <center>[[Image:Dibromine-2D-dimensions.png|80px]]</center> || <center>[[Image:Bromine-3D-vdW.png|72px]]</center> || <center>228</center> || <center>227</center> |- | <center>[[iaidín]]</center> || <center>I₂</center> || <center>[[Image:Diiodine-2D-dimensions.png|70px]]</center> || <center>[[Image:Iodine-3D-vdW.png|84px]]</center> || <center>266</center> || <center>272</center> <!--don't add astatine; it's not proven to form At2 molecules--> |} Ní bhíonn na dúile chomh imoibríoch agus bíonn leáphointí níos airde acu de réir mar a mhéadaíonn an uimhir adamhach. Fórsaí scaipthe Londain níos láidre is cúis leis na leáphointí níos airde. ==== Comhdhúile ==== ===== Na hailídí hidrigine ===== Tugadh faoi deara go n-imoibríonn na halaiginí go léir le hidrigin chun [[hailídí hidrigine]] a dhéanamh. Maidir le fluairín, clóirín, agus bróimín, tá an t-imoibriú seo i bhfoirm: : H ₂ + X ₂ → 2HX Mar sin féin, is féidir iaidíd hidrigine agus astaitín hidrigine a dheighilt ina gcomhchodanna. <Ref name = "assorted"> {{Cite web | author = Jim Clark | url = http://www.chemguide.co.uk/inorganic/group7 /otherreactions.html|teideal = Frithghníomhartha éagsúla na halaiginí | bliain = 2011 | dáta rochtana = 27 Feabhra, 2013}} </ref> De réir a chéile ní bhíonn na frithghníomhartha hidrigine-halaigine chomh imoibríoch i dtreo na halaiginí is troime. Tá imoibriú fluairín-hidrigine pléascach fiú nuair a bhíonn sé dorcha agus fuar. Tá imoibriú clóirín-hidrigine pléascach freisin, ach i láthair solais agus teasa amháin. Níl imoibriú bróimín-hidrigine chomh pléascach céanna; ach pléascann sé nuair a bhíonn sé nochtaithe do lasracha. Ní imoibríonn iaidín agus astaitín ach go páirteach le hidrigin, ag cruthú [[Cothromaíocht cheimiceach | cothromaíochtaí]]. <Ref name = "assorted" /> Cruthaíonn gach halaiginí comhdhúile dénártha le hidrigin ar a dtugtar na hailídí hidrigine: [[Fluairíd hidrigine|fluairíd hidrigine]] (HF), [[Clóiríd hidrigine|clóiríd hidrigine]] (HCl), bróimíd hidrigine (HBr), iaidíd hidrigine (HI), agus astatíd hidrigine (HAt). Cruthaíonn na comhdhúile seo go léir aigéid nuair a mheasctar iad le huisce. Is é fluairíd hidrigine an t-aon hailíd hidrigine a chruthaíonn [[Nasc hidrigine|nascanna hidrigine]]. Is aigéid láidre iad an t-aigéad hidreaclórach, an t-aigéad hidreaclórach, an t-aigéad hidreafileach, agus an t-aigéad hidrastaiteach, ach is aigéad lag é an t-aigéad hidreafluarach. Is greannaitheoirí gach ceann de na hailídí hidrigine. Tá fluairíd hidrigine agus clóiríd hidrigine an-aigéadach. Úsáidtear fluairíd hidrigine mar cheimiceán tionsclaíoch, agus tá sé an-tocsaineach, agus is cúis leis éidéime scamhógach agus dochar do chealla.<ref>{{Cite web|url = http://www.bt.cdc.gov/agent/hydrofluoricacid/basics/facts.asp|teideal = Facts about hydrogen fluoride|year = 2005|access-date = 2017-10-28|url-status = dead|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130201152726/http://www.bt.cdc.gov/agent/hydrofluoricacid/basics/facts.asp|archive-date = 2013-02-01|dátarochtana = 2021-02-15|archivedate = 2013-02-01|archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20130201152726/http://www.bt.cdc.gov/agent/hydrofluoricacid/basics/facts.asp}}</ref> Ceimiceán contúirteach é clóiríd hidrigine freisin. Féadfaidh análú an gháis, le níos mó ná caoga cuid in aghaidh an mhilliúin de chlóiríd hidrigine, duine a mharú. Tá bróimíd hidrigine níos tocsainí fós agus níos greannmhaire ná clóiríd hidrigine.<ref>{{Cite web|url = https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/idlh/7647010.html|teideal = Hydrogen chloride|access-date = February 24, 2013}}</ref> Is féidir le análú gáis le níos mó ná tríocha cuid in aghaidh an mhilliúin de bhróimíd hidrigine a bheith marfach do dhaoine.<ref>{{Cite web|url = https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/idlh/10035106.html|teideal = Hydrogen bromide|access-date = February 24, 2013}}</ref> Tá iaidíd hidrigine tocsaineach, cosúil le hailídí hidrigine eile.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.kumed.com/~/media/Imported/kumed/documents/kdhehydrogeniodide.ashx |teideal = Poison Facts:Low Chemicals: Hydrogen Iodid |access-date =2015-04-12}}</ref> =====Na hailídí mhiotalacha===== Is eol go n-imoibríonn na halaiginí go léir le sóidiam chun [[fluairíd sóidiam]], [[clóiríd sóidiam]], [[bróimíd sóidiam]], [[iaidíd sóidiam]], agus astatíd sóidiam a chruthú. Táirgeann imoibriú sóidiam téite le halaiginí lasracha glefhlannbhuí. Tá imoibriú sóidiam le clóirín i bhfoirm: :2Na + Cl₂ → 2NaCl Imoibríonn iarann ​​le fluairín, clóirín, agus bróimín chun hailídí Iarainn (III) a chruthú. Tá na n-imoibrithe seo i bhfoirm: :2Fe + 3X ₂ → 2FeX ₃ Mar sin féin, nuair a imoibríonn iarann ​​le iaidín, ní chruthaínn sé ach [[iaidíd iarainn (II)]]. : Fe + I ₂ → FeI ₂ Is féidir le olann iarainn imoibriú go tapa le fluairín chun an ábhair bháin fluairíd iarann ​​(III) a chruthú, fiú i dteochtaí fuara. Nuair a thagann clóirín i dteagmháil le hiarann ​​téite, imoibríonn siad chun an iarainn dhubh Cl[Fe](Cl)Cl clóiríd iarainn (III) a chruthú. Mar sin féin, má tá na coinníollacha imoibrithe tais, beidh táirge donnrua mar thoradh ar an imoibriú seo. Is féidir le hiarann ​​imoibriú le bróimín freisin chun bróimíd iarainn (III) a dhéanamh. Tá an chomhdhúil seo donnrua i ndálaí tirime. Níl imoibriú iarainn le bróimín níos imoibríche ná a imoibriú le fluairín nó clóirín. Is féidir le hiarann ​​te imoibriú le iaidín freisin, ach cruthaíonn sé iaidíd iarainn (II). Féadfaidh an chomhdhúil seo a bheith liath, ach tá an t-imoibriú éillithe i gcónaí le barraíocht iaidíde. Níl imoibriú iarainn le iaidín chomh bríomhar sin ná a imoibriú leis na halaiginí níos éadroime.<ref name = "assorted"/> ===== Comhdhúile idir-halaigine ===== Tá comhdhúile idir-halaigine i bhfoirm XY _n áit a bhfuil X agus Y ina halaiginí agus is n a haon, a trí, a cúig nó a seacht. Bíonn dhá halaigin éagsúil ar a laghad i gcomhdhúile idir-halaigine. Is féidir idir-halaiginí móra, mar ClF₃ a tháirgeadh trí imoibriú halaigine íne a bhfuil idir-halaigin níos lú aici mar ClF. Is féidir gach idir-halaigin seachas IF ₇ a tháirgeadh trí halaiginí íona a chur le chéile go díreach faoi dhálaí éagsúla.<ref name = "Chemistry of Interhalogens">{{Cite book|url = https://books.google.com/books?id=nvatWdX1ZWcC|title = Chemistry Of Interhalogen Compounds|year = 2007|access-date = February 27, 2013|isbn = 9788183562430|last1 = Saxena|first1 = P. B}}</ref> Is gnách go mbíonn idir-halaiginí níos imoibríche ná na móilíní halaigine dé-adamhacha go léir seachas F₂ toisc go mbíonn nascanna idir-halaigine níos laige. Mar sin féin, bíonn na hairíonna ceimiceacha idir-halaiginí beagnach mar an gcéanna le hairíonna na halaiginí dé-adamhacha. Is éard atá i go leor idir-halaiginí ná hadamh amháin nó níos mó d'fhluairín nasca le halaigine níos troime. Is féidir le clóirín nascadh le suas le 3 adamh fluairín, is féidir le bróimín nascadh le suas le cúig adamh fluairín, agus is féidir le iaidín nascadh le suas le seacht n-adamh fluairín. Is gáis chomhfhiúsacha an chuid is mó de na chomhdhúile idir-halaigine. Mar sin féin, is leachtanna iad roinnt idir-halaiginí, mar shampla BrF₃, agus is solaid iad go leor halaiginí ina bhfuil iaidín ann. ===== Comhdhúile orgánahalaigine===== Tá adamh halaigine i go leor comhdhúile orgánacha sintéiseacha cosúil le polaiméirí plaisteacha, agus cúpla comhdhúile nádúrtha; tugtar comhdhúile halaiginithe nó hailídí orgánacha orthu seo. Is é clóirín an halaigin is flúirsí in uisce na farraige, agus is é an t-aon cheann atá ag teastáil i méideanna réasúnta mór (mar iain chlóiríd) ag daoine. Mar shampla, tá ról lárnach ag iain chlóiríd i bhfeidhm na hinchinne trí idirghabháil a dhéanamh ar ghníomh an tarchuradóra choisctheach GABA agus úsáidtear iad freisin chun aigéid ghoile a tháirgeadh. Teastaíonn iaidín i rianmhéideanna chun hormón thíoróidigh mar tíorocsaín. Déantar organohalogens a shintéisiú freisin tríd an frithghníomhú teibíocht núicléifileach =====Comhdhúile polahalaiginithe ===== Is comhdhúile monaraithe go tionsclaíoch iad comhdhúile polahalaiginithe a bhí malartaithe le halaiginí iomadúla. Tá go leor acu an-tocsaineach agus bithcharnaithe i ndaoine, agus tá raon feidhme an-leathan acu. Cuimsíonn siad [[Défheinilí pholaclóirínithe|défheinilí pholaclóirínithe]] (DFPanna), éitirí dhéfheiníle pholabróimínithe (ÉDFPanna), agus comhdhúile shárfhluairínithe (CSFanna), chomh maith le go leor comhdhúile eile. ==== Imoibrithe ==== ===== Imoibrithe le huisce ===== Imoibríonn fluairín go bríomhar le huisce chun ocsaigin (O₂) agus fluairíd hidrigine (HF) a tháirgeadh:<ref>The Oxidising Ability of the Group 7 Elements. http://www.chemguide.co.uk/inorganic/group7/halogensasoas.html </ref> : F₂(g) + 2 H₂O(l) → O₂(g) + 4 HF(aq) Tá uasintuaslagthacht ca. 7.1 g Cl₂ in aghaidh an kg d'uisce ag teocht chomhthimpeallach (21&nbsp;°C) ag clóirín. Imoibríonn clóirín tuaslagtha chun aigéad hidreaclórach (HCl) agus aigéad hipeaclórúil a chruthú, tuaslagán is féidir a úsáid mar dhífhabhtán nó thuarthóir: <ref>The Oxidising Ability of the Group 7 Elements. http://www.chemguide.co.uk/inorganic/group7/halogensasoas.html </ref> : Cl₂(g) + H₂O(l) → HCl(aq) + HClO(aq) Tá intuaslagthacht de 3.41 g in aghaidh an 100 g uisce ag bróimín, [20] ach imoibríonn sé go mall chun bróimíd hidrigine (HBr) agus aigéad hipobróimíúil (HBrO) a dhéanamh:<ref>Properties of bromine. http://www.bromaid.org/hand_chap1.htm {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071208113138/http://www.bromaid.org/hand_chap1.htm |date=2007-12-08 }}</ref> : Br₂(g) + H₂O(l) → HBr(aq) + HBrO(aq) Intuaslagann iaidín ag an íosleibhéal in uisce (0.03 g / 100 g d'uisce ag 20&nbsp;° C) agus ní imoibríonn sé leis.<ref>Iodine MSDS.http://hazard.com/msds/mf/baker/baker/files/i2680.htm </ref>Mar sin féin, cruthóidh iaidín tuaslagán uiscí i láthair iain iaidíde, amhail trí [[iaidíd photaisiam]] (KI) a chur leis, toisc go ndéantar an t-ian [[trí-iaidíd]]. ===Airíonna fisiciúla agus adamhacha=== Is é atá sa tábla thíos achoimre ar phríomh-airíonna fisiceacha agus adamhacha na halaiginí. Na sonraí atá marcáilte le comharthaí ceiste, tá siad neamhchinnte nó an is meastacháin bunaithe go páirteach ar threochtaí peiriadacha seachas ar bhreathnuithe iad. {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" !Halaigin !Meáchan adamhach caighdeánach<br>([[unified atomic mass unit|u]]){{refn|The number given in [[bracket|parentheses]] refers to the [[Uncertainty#Measurements|measurement uncertainty]]. This uncertainty applies to the [[significant figure|least significant figure]](s) of the number prior to the parenthesized value (i.e., counting from rightmost digit to left). For instance, {{val|1.00794|(7)}} stands for {{val|1.00794|0.00007}}, while {{val|1.00794|(72)}} stands for {{val|1.00794|0.00072}}.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/cuu/Info/Constants/definitions.html|title=Standard Uncertainty and Relative Standard Uncertainty|website=[[CODATA]] reference|publisher=[[National Institute of Standards and Technology]]|access-date=26 September 2011}}</ref>|group=n}}<ref name="atomicweights2009">{{cite journal|last1=Wieser |first1=Michael E.|last2=Coplen|first2=Tyler B. |year=2011|title=Atomic weights of the elements 2009 (IUPAC Technical Report)|journal=[[Pure and Applied Chemistry|Pure Appl. Chem.]] |volume=83|issue=2|pages=359–396|doi=10.1351/PAC-REP-10-09-14|s2cid=95898322|url=http://iupac.org/publications/pac/pdf/2011/pdf/8302x0359.pdf|access-date=5 December 2012 }}</ref> ![[Leáphointe]]<br>([[kelvin|K]]) ![[Leáphointe]]<br>([[Celsius|°C]]) ![[Fiuchphointe]]<br>([[kelvin|K]])<ref name="RubberBible84th">{{cite book | editor = Lide, D. R. | title = CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics | edition = 84th | location = Boca Raton, FL |publisher = CRC Press | year = 2003 }}</ref> ![[Fiuchphointe]]<br>([[Celsius|°C]])<ref name="RubberBible84th"/> ![[Dlús]]<br>(g/cm³sg 25&nbsp;°C) ![[Leictridhiúltacht ]]<br>([[Pauling scale|Pauling]]) !An Chéad [[Fuinneamh ianúcháin|Fhuinneamh ianúcháin]]<br>([[Kilojoule per mole|kJ·mol⁻¹]]) !! [[Ga comhfhiúsach]]<br>([[picometre|pm]])<ref name="slater64">{{cite journal|last=Slater|first=J. C.|year=1964|title=Atomic Radii in Crystals|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-chemical-physics_1964-11-15_41_10/page/3199|journal=[[Journal of Chemical Physics]]|volume=41|issue=10|pages=3199–3205|bibcode=1964JChPh..41.3199S|doi=10.1063/1.1725697}}</ref> |- | [[Fluairín ]] || 18.9984032(5) || 53.53 || −219.62 || 85.03 || −188.12 || 0.0017 || 3.98 || 1681.0 || 71 |- | [[Clóirín]] || [35.446; 35.457]{{refn|The average atomic weight of this element changes depending on the source of the chlorine, and the values in brackets are the upper and lower bounds.<ref name="atomicweights2009"/>|group=n}} || 171.6 || −101.5 || 239.11 || −34.04 || 0.0032 || 3.16 || 1251.2 || 99 |- | [[Bróimín]] || 79.904(1) || 265.8 || −7.3 || 332.0 || 58.8 || 3.1028 || 2.96 || 1139.9 || 114 |- | [[Iaidín]] || 126.90447(3) || 386.85 || 113.7 || 457.4 || 184.3 || 4.933 || 2.66 || 1008.4 || 133 |- | [[Astaitín]] || [210]{{refn|The element does not have any stable [[nuclide]]s, and the value in brackets indicates the [[mass number]] of the longest-lived [[isotope]] of the element.<ref name="atomicweights2009"/>|group=n}} || 575 || 302 || ? 610 || ? 337 || ? 6.2–6.5<ref name=Bonchev>{{cite journal |last1=Bonchev |first1=Danail |last2=Kamenska |first2=Verginia |year=1981 |title=Predicting the properties of the 113–120 transactinide elements |journal=The Journal of Physical Chemistry |volume=85 |issue=9 |pages=1177–86 |doi=10.1021/j150609a021 }}</ref> || 2.2 || ? 887.7 || ? 145<ref>https://www.thoughtco.com/astatine-facts-element-ar-606501</ref> |- | [[Teinisín]] || [294]{{refn|The element does not have any stable [[nuclide]]s, and the value in brackets indicates the [[mass number]] of the longest-lived [[isotope]] of the element.<ref name="atomicweights2009"/>|group=n}} || ? 623-823<ref name="thoughtco.com">https://www.thoughtco.com/element-117-facts-ununseptium-or-uus-3880071</ref> || ? 350-550<ref name="thoughtco.com"/> || ? 883<ref name="thoughtco.com"/> || ? 610<ref name="thoughtco.com"/> || ? 7.1-7.3<ref name="thoughtco.com"/> || - || ? 743<ref>{{Lua idirlín |url=https://www.webelements.com/tennessine/atoms.html |teideal=Cóip cartlainne |dátarochtana=2021-02-17 |archivedate=2022-10-21 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221021112041/https://www.webelements.com/tennessine/atoms.html }}</ref> || ? 157<ref name="thoughtco.com"/> |} {| class="wikitable" |- ![[Uimhir adamhach|Z]] !! [[Dúil cheimiceach |Dúil]] !! [[Leictreonsceall| Líon na leictreon / na sceall]] |- | 9 || fluairín || 2, 7 |- | 17 || clóirín|| 2, 8, 7 |- | 35 || bróimín || 2, 8, 18, 7 |- | 53 ||iaidín || 2, 8, 18, 18, 7 |- | 85 ||astaitín|| 2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 7 |- | 117 ||teinisín || 2, 8, 18, 32, 32, 18, 7 ''(tuartha)''<ref name=Haire>{{Cite book |publisher= [[Springer Science+Business Media]] |year = 2006 |location=Dordrecht, The Netherlands |bibcode=2011tcot.book.....M |journal=The Chemistry of the Actinide and Transactinide Elements |doi =10.1007/978-94-007-0211-0 |editor1-last=Morss |editor1-first=Lester R |editor2-last=Edelstein |editor2-first=Norman M |editor3-last=Fuger| editor3-first=Jean |isbn =978-94-007-0210-3 |last1= Morss |first1= Lester R. |last2= Edelstein |first2= Norman M. |last3= Fuger |first3= Jean |title = The Chemistry of the Actinide and Transactinide Elements }}</ref> |} ==== Iseatóip ==== Tá iseatóp nádúrtha cobhsaí amháin ag fluairín, fluairín-19. Mar sin féin, tá rianmhéideanna ann den iseatóip radaighníomhach fluairín-23, a tharlaíonn trí [[Braisle-mheatha|braisle-mheatha]] nó tromcháithnín-mheatha de [[prótachtainiam-231|phrótachtainiam-231]]. Thángthas ar ocht n-iseatóp déag de fluairín san iomlán, agus maiseanna adamhacha idir 14 agus 31 acu. Tá dhá iseatóp chobhsaí nádúrtha ag clóirín, clóirín-35 agus clóirín-37. Mar sin féin, tá rianmhéideanna ann sa nádúr, an iseatóp [[clóirín-36]], a tharlaíonn trí argón-36 a scilligeadh. Thángthas ar 24 iseatóp de chlóirín san iomlán, le maiseanna adamhacha idir 28 agus 51. Tá dhá iseatóp chobhsaí nádúrtha de bhróimín ann, bróimín-79 agus bróimín-81. Thángthas ar 33 iseatóp de bhróimín san iomlán, agus maiseanna adamhacha idir 66 agus 98 acu. Tá iseatóp cobhsaí amháin d'iaidín, iaidín-127 ann. Mar sin féin, tá rianmhéideanna ann den iseatóp radaighníomhach iaidín-129, a tharlaíonn trí scilligeadh agus ó mheath radaighníomhach úráiniam i miantaí. Cruthaíodh roinnt iseatóp radaighníomhach eile iaidín go nádúrtha freisin trí mheatha úráiniam. Thángthas ar 38 iseatóp iaidín san iomlán, agus maiseanna adamhacha idir 108 agus 145 acu. Níl aon iseatóip chobhsaí d'astaitín ann. Mar sin féin, tá ceithre iseatóp radaighníomhach d'astaitín, a tharlaíonn go nádúrtha ann, a tháirgtear trí mheatha radaighníomhaigh úráiniam, neiptunium agus plútóiniam. Is iad na hiseatóip seo na astaitín-215, astaitín-217, astaitín-218, agus astaitín-219. Thángthas ar 31 iseatóp d'astaitín san iomlán, agus maiseanna adamhacha idir 191 agus 227 acu. Níl ach dhá raidiseatóp sintéiseach ar eolas ag teinisín, teinisín 293 agus teinisín-294. == Táirgeadh == [[Image:Halogens.jpg|thumb|upright=1.5|right|Ó chlé go deas: clóirín, bróimín, agus iaidín ag teocht an tseomra. Is gás é clóirín, is leacht é bróimín, agus is solad é iaidín. Ní fhéadfaí fluairín a áireamh san íomhá mar gheall ar a imoibríocht ard, agus astaitín agus teinisín mar gheall ar a radaighníomhaíocht.]] Táirgtear thart ar sé mhilliún tonna méadrach den mhianra fluairít [[fluairíd chailciam]], CaF₂ gach bliain. Táirgtear ceithre chéad míle tonna méadrach d’aigéad hidreafluarach gach bliain. Faightear an gás fluairín as an aigéad hidreafluarach a tháirgtear mar fhotháirge i monarú an [[Aigéad fosfarach|aigéid fosfaraigh]]. Táirgtear thart ar 15,000 tonna méadrach den ghás fluairín in aghaidh na bliana.<ref name = "Nature's Building Blocks"/>. Is é an mianra [[hailít]] an mianra is minice a úsáidtear le haghaidh clóirín a fháil, ach baintear na mianraí [[carnaillít ]] agus [[silvít ]] le haghaidh clóirín freisin. Trí an tsáile a leictrealú, tairgtear daichead milliún tonna méadrach clóirín gach bliain.<ref name = "Nature's Building Blocks"/> Táirgtear thart ar 450,000 tonna méadrach bróimín gach bliain. Táirgtear 50% den bhróimín sna Stáit Aontaithe, 35% in Iosrael, agus an chuid is mó den bhfuílleach sa tSín. Go stairiúil, táirgeadh bróimín trí aigéad sulfarach agus púdar tuaratha a mheascadh le sáile nádúrtha. Sa lá atá inniu ann, áfach, táirgtear bróimín trí leictrelaithe, modh a cheap Herbert Dow. Is féidir bróimín a tháirgeadh freisin trí chlóirín a chur trí uisce na farraige agus ansin aer a chur tríd an uisce farraige. Sa bhliain 2003, táirgeadh 22,000 tonna méadrach iaidín. Táirgeann an tSile 40% den iaidín go léir a tháirgtear, táirgeann an tSeapáin 30%, agus táirgtear méideanna níos lú sa Rúis agus sna Stáit Aontaithe. Go dtí na 1950idí, baineadh iaidín as ceilp. Sa lá atá inniu ann, áfach, táirgtear iaidín ar bhealaí eile. Bealach amháin a tháirgtear iaidín is ea trí dhé-ocsaíd sulfair a mheascadh le mhianta [[Níotráit|níotráite]], ina bhfuil roinnt [[Iadáit |iadáití]]. Baintear iaidín as ceantar gáis nádúrtha freisin.<ref name = "Nature's Building Blocks"/> Táirgtear teinisín trí bHeircéiliam-249 agus cailciam-48 a chomhleá. ==Feidhmeanna== ===Dífhabhtáin=== Úsáidtear clóirín agus bróimín araon mar fhabhtáin le haghaidh uisce inólta, linnte snámha, créachta úra, spánna, mias agus dromchlaí. Maraíonn siad [[baictéir]] agus [[Miocrorgánach|miocrorgánaigh]] eile a d’fhéadfadh a bheith díobhálach trí phróiseas ar a dtugtar [[steiriliú]]. Úsáidtear a n-imoibríocht freisin i d[[Tuarthóir|tuaradh]]. Is í hipeaclóirít sóidiam, a tháirgtear ó chlóirín, an comhábhar gníomhach i bhformhór na dtuarthóirí fabraice, agus úsáidtear tuarthóirí díorthaithe ó chlóirín i dtáirgeadh roinnt táirgí páipéir. Imoibríonn clóirín le sóidiam freisin chun clóiríde sóidiam a chruthú, is é sin [[salann]] mín. === Soilsiú === Is cineál [[Lampa gealbhruthach|lampaí gealbhruthacha]] iad [[Lampa halaigine|lampaí halaigine]] a úsáideann filiméid [[Tungstan|tungstain]] i mbolgáin a bhfuil méideanna beaga halaigine iontu, mar iaidín nó bróimín curtha leis. Dá bharr, is féidir lampaí a tháirgeadh atá i bhfad níos lú ná lampaí leictreacha filiméid ag an [[Vata|vatacht]] chéanna. Laghdaíonn an gás tanú an fhiliméid agus dhubhaigh an taobh istigh den bholgán agus da bharr sin, bíonn bolgán ann a bhfuil saol i bhfad níos mó aige. Breonn lampaí halaigine ag teocht níos airde (2800 go 3400 [[ceilvin]]) le dath níos gile ná bolgáin ghealbhruthacha eile. Éilíonn sé seo, áfach, bolgáin a mhonarú as grianchloch chomhleáiteseachas gloine shilice chun an bhriste a laghdú. === Comhábhair druga === Mar thoradh ar adamh halaigine a ionchorprú sa phríomhdhruga féideartha, is féidir analógacha atá níos lipifilí de ghnáth agus níos lú intuaslagtha in uisce, a fháil,<ref>{{cite book|first=G.|last=Thomas|title=Medicinal Chemistry an Introduction|url=https://archive.org/details/medicinalchemist0000thom_e9s2|publisher=John Wiley & Sons, West Sussex, UK|year=2000|isbn=978-0-470-02597-0}}</ref> i bhfionnachtain drugaí, Mar thoradh air sin, úsáidtear adamh halaigine chun treá a fheabhsú tríscannán agus déchiseal lipidí. Is dá thoradh seo, go bhfuil claonadh ann go carnfaidh roinnt drugaí halaiginithe i bhfíochán saille. Braitheann imoibríocht cheimiceach adamh halaigine ar a bpointe neasachta leis an bpríomhbhall agus nádúr na halaigine. Tá grúpaí halaigine aramatacha i bhfad níos imoibríche ná grúpaí halaigine [[Comhdhúil alafatach|alafatacha]], ar féidir leo imoibríocht cheimiceach nach beag a thaispeáint. Maidir le nascanna alafatacha carbóin-halaigine, is é an nasc C-F an nasc is láidre agus is lú imoibríocha go ceimiceach ná nascanna C-H alafatacha. Tá na nascanna alafatacha-halaigine eile níos laige, a n-imoibríocht ag méadú ar an tslí thíos an tabla pheiriadaigh. Is gnách go mbíonn siad níos imoibríche go ceimiceach ná na nascanna C-H alafatacha. Mar thoradh air sin, is iad na malartuithe halaigine is coitianta ná na grúpaí fluairín agus clóirín aramatacha is lú imoibríocha. == Ról bitheolaíoch== Faightear ainiain fhluairíde in eabhair, cnámha, fiacla, fuil, uibheacha, fual agus gruaig orgánaigh. D’fhéadfadh go mbeadh ainiain fhluairíde i méideanna an-bheaga riachtanach do dhaoine.<ref name="who.int">{{cite web|url=https://www.who.int/water_sanitation_health/dwq/chemicals/fluoride.pdf|last1=Fawell|first1=J.|title=Fluoride in Drinking-water|publisher=World Health Organisation|access-date=10 March 2016}}</ref> 0.5 milleagram fluairín in aghaidh an lítir d’fhuil an duine. Tá fluairín 0.2 go 1.2% i gcnámha an duine. Tá timpeall 50 [[Codanna sa bhilliún|csb]] de fluairín i bhfíochán an duine. Tá idir 3 agus 6 gram de fluairín i ngnáthdhuine de 70 cileagram.<ref name="Nature's Building Blocks" /> Tá ainiain chlóiríd riachtanach do líon mór speiceas, daoine san áireamh. Is é 10 go 20 csm tiúchan clóirín i meáchan tirim gránbharr, agus i b[[Práta|prátaí]] tá tiúchan clóiríd 0.5%. Bíonn drochthionchar ar fhás na bplandaí ag leibhéil clóiríd san [[ithir]] a thagann faoi bhun 2 csm. Tá clóirín 0.3% ar an meán i bhfuil an duine. De ghnáth bíonn 900 csm de chlóirín i gcnámh an duine. Tá timpeall 0.2 go 0.5% clóirín i bhfíochán an duine. Tá 95 gram de chlóirín san iomlán i ngnáthdhuine a bhfuil 70 cileagram meáchain ann.<ref name="Nature's Building Blocks" /> Tá roinnt bróimín i bhfoirm an ainiain bhróimíde i ngach orgánach. Níor cruthaíodh ról bitheolaíoch don bróimín i ndaoine, ach tá comhdhúile orgánabróimín i roinnt orgánach. De ghnáth, itheann daoine 1 go 20 milleagram de bhróimín in aghaidh an lae. De ghnáth, bíonn 5 csm de bhróimín i bhfuil an duine, 7 csm de bhróimín i gcnámha an duine, agus 7 csm de bhróimín i bhfíochán an duine. Tá 260 milleagram de bhróimín i ngnáthdhuine a bhfuil 70 cileagram meáchain ann .<ref name="Nature's Building Blocks" /> Fuarthas [[astaitín]], cé go bhfuil sé an-ghann, i micreagraim ar domhan. Is de dhéantús an duine amháin é teinisín agus níl aon róil eile aige sa nádúr. ==Tagairtí== {{Reflist}} <references group="n"/> rw8ljf1lwbl8a9ubg4jfmbad9369fsm 0 50993 1321711 1153560 2026-07-26T14:49:16Z Wikipidéanach 68935 1321711 wikitext text/x-wiki Is éard atá i b'''próifíliú ADN''' (ar a dtugtar '''méarlorgaireacht ADN''' agus '''méarlorgaireacht ghéiniteach''' freisin) ann ná an próiseas lena gcinntear saintréithe [[Aigéad dí-ocsairibeanúicléasach|aigéad dí-ocsairibeanúicléasach]] ([[Aigéad dí-ocsairibeanúicléasach|ADN]]) duine. Tugtar barrachódú ADN ar anailís ADN atá ceaptha chun speiceas a aithint, seachas duine aonair.Bara - chódú ADN a thugtar ar anailís ADN atá beartaithe chun speiceas a aithint, seachas duine aonair. Is teicníc seanbhunaithe í an mhéarlorgaireacht ghéiniteach le ADN daoine aonair a anailísiú agus a chur i gcomparáid. Is modh amháin iad na céimeanna seo a leanas le méarlorg (próifíl) géiniteach a tháirgeadh: *Úsáidtear einsímí gearrtha le sampla ADN (a d’fhéadfaí a bheith aimplithe le húsáid imoibriú slabhrúil polaiméaráise (ISP) (PCR)) a ghearradh ina mbloghanna níos lú. *Cuirtear na bloghanna le [[glóthach]] agaróis agus déantar iad a dheighilt de réir méide agus [[leictreafóiréis]] le glóthach in úsáid. *Déantar an ADN sa ghlóthach aondualach agus cóipeáiltear é ar leathán nítriceallalóis. *Cuirtear tóireadóirí ADN lipéadaithe leis an phláta agus nascann trí phéirí de bhunanna comhlántacha. *Baintear úsáid as córas braite le hamharcléiriú a dhéanamh ar an áit ar tharla nascadh na dtóireadóirí, ag úsáid an lipéid. Faoi láthair, seachas an géanóm ina iomlán a fhiosrú, aimplítear cuid de na codanna is inathraithe (ina bhfuil marcóirí MRS) le himoibriú slabhrúil polaiméaráise (ISP) agus ansin déantar iad a anailísiú leis na céimeanna thuas. Alec Jeffreys (1950 -) an teicníocht ar dtús sa Bhreatain. Glactar leis go bhfuil próifil [[Aigéad dí-ocsairibeanúicléasach|DNA]] duine chomh sainiúil dó is a mhéarloirg, leis an [[dóchúlacht]] staitistiúil go mbeidh an phróifil chéanna ag beirt (nach leathchúplaí comhionanna iad) timpeall seans amháin i míle milliún milliún (1015). Faightear DNA i bhfuil, sreabháin, agus [[Fíochán|fíocháin]] eile na colainne (mar shampla, [[seamhan]], [[sreabhán]] faighneach, gruaig, [[craiceann]], ionga méire). Ní mór an DNA a aonrú ó shampla le [[Einsím|heinsímí]] is teicníochtaí éagsúla bithcheimiceacha chun an phróifil a tháirgeadh. Is féidir próifilí a chur i gcomparáid ansin. Is iontaofa an phróiseáil bhithcheimiceach seo, agus má bhíonn cinnteacht faoi fhoinsí na samplaí bunúsacha sa tástáil, is cumasach an teicníocht aitheanta is ionannaithe í.<ref name="FreamhanEolais">{{Cite encyclopedia|last=Hussey|first=Matt|author-link=Matthew Hussey|title=Próifiliú DNA|encyclopedia=[[Fréamh an Eolais]]|language=ga|date=2011|publisher=[[Coiscéim]]|page=538}}</ref> == Modhanna próifílithe == '''RFLP ''(Polamorfacht Fad Blúire Srianta)''''' Gearrann einsímí srianta an ADN ina bhlúirí. Athraíonn fad na blúirí ó dhuine go duine. Scartar de réir méide iad le leictreafóiréis ghéil. Is é an patrún bandaí a fhaightear an méarlorg géiniteach. '''PCR ''(Imoibriú Slabhrúil Polaiméaráise)''''' Déantar an sampla a théamh agus a fhuarú arís agus arís eile. Téann an DNA i méid faoi dhó le gach timthriall. Mar sin, is leor sampla an-bheag. '''STR ''(Athrá Tandamach Gearr)''''' Is é seo an modh is coitianta inniu. == Tagairtí == {{Reflist}} {{Fréamh an Eolais}} {{síol}} d2cd6v67ykgmexlt6p1fj5mi1jvqxsn 0 54617 1321788 1274529 2026-07-27T05:37:17Z InternetArchiveBot 47196 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1321788 wikitext text/x-wiki Tá '''litríocht Astrálach''' scríofa i gcuid mhaith de theangacha pobail na hAstráile. I measc na dteangacha úd tá [[Gaeilge]], [[Iodáilis]], [[Gréigis]], [[Araibis]], [[Vítneaimis]], [[Laois (teanga)|Laois]], [[Filipínis]], [[Laitvis]], [[Úcráinis]], [[Polainnis]], [[Rúisis]], [[Seirbis]] agus [[Giúdais]]. Tá sé áitíthe go bhfuil mionphobail liteartha den saghas seo scoite amach ar fad ó phobal liteartha an Bhéarla. Tá a gcuid féilte filíochta, comórtas liteartha, irisí agus forlíonta féin ag na mionphobail sin, agus fiú foilsitheoirí dá gcuid féin.<ref>[http://ro.uow.edu.au/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1570&context=artspapers] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140221051954/http://ro.uow.edu.au/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1570&context=artspapers |date=2014-02-21 }} Michael Jacklin (University of Wollongong), “Desde Australia para todo el mundo hispano”: Australia’s Spanish-Language Magazines and Latin American/Australian Writing.</ref> Foilsíonn scríbhneoirí éigin, ar nós an údair Ghréigise Dimitris Tsaloumas, sa dá theanga. Ní mór an tsuim a chuir criticeoirí Astrálacha san litríochtaí úd go dtí seo, cé gur dócha go bhfuil níos mó airde á tabhairt orthu anois.<ref>{{Lua idirlín |url=http://www.jason.edu.au/scholarship/6312/ |teideal=PhD Spanish Writing in Australia: Scholarship Description |dátarochtana=2014-02-04 |archivedate=2013-04-13 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130413160508/http://www.jason.edu.au/scholarship/6312/ }}</ref> Cé gur gnách le scríbhneoirí de chuid na mionphobal seo Béarla a úsáid anois, tá scríbhneoirí ann i gcónaí a bhaineann tairbhe as na seanteangacha. Ó thaobh na staire de, is díol spéise iad na teangacha thíos mar uirlis liteartha Astrálach. == Giúdais == Tá léargas le fáil ar shaibhreas chultúr na Giúdaise san Astráil sa 20ú haois sa mhéid irisí, forlíonta agus nuachtán a tháinig amach in [[Melbourne]] agus in áiteanna eile. Bhí Giúdaigh ag teacht go dtí an Astráil ó thús an 19ú haois amach, agus i dtús an 20ú haois bhí mórán cainteoirí Giúdaise le fáil in Sydney agus in Melbourne. Tháinig David Altshul i dtír in Melbourne sa bhliain 1927 le cló Giúdaise agus chuir sé féin agus Pinchas Goldhar ''Oystralyer Lebn'' (''An Saol Astrálach'') ar bun sa bhliain 1931. Níor mhair sé, ach tháinig roinnt mhaith foilseachán eile dá leithéid ar an bhfód thar na blianta, agus orthu sin bhí ''Di Yiddishe Nayes'' (''Nuacht Giúdaise''), forlíonadh de chuid an ''Australian Jewish News''. Tháinig deireadh leis mar fhoilseachán rialta sa bhliain 1995 toisc laghdú chomh mór sin a theacht ar líon na gcainteoirí, cé go gcuirtear idir ''Di Yiddishe Nayes'' agus ''Melburner Bleter'' (''Leathanaigh Melbourne'' - forlíonadh de chuid an ''Melbourne Chronicle'') amach ar ócáidí speisialta.<ref>[http://www.arts.monash.edu.au/yiddish-melbourne/media-and-creative-writing/yiddish-newspapers-and-journals.php] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140303153517/http://www.arts.monash.edu.au/yiddish-melbourne/media-and-creative-writing/yiddish-newspapers-and-journals.php |date=2014-03-03 }} Yiddish Melbourne - Media and Creative Writing - Yiddish Newspapers and Journals: Arts, Monash University</ref> Bhí Pinchas Goldhar ar na scríbhneoirí Giúdaise ba shuntasaí san Astráil. Tháinig a a athair Jacob, baintreach fir, ón bPolainn sa bhliain 1928 le ceathrar clainne agus chuir monarcha ruaimneoireachta ar bun in Melbourne. Bhí Pinchas sáite i saol a phobal féin agus scríobh mórán gearrscéalta faoi inimircigh Ghiúdacha ón bPolainn, scéalta a léirigh an t-uaigneas a bhí ar a lán acu. Bhí blas an nua-aoiseachais ar a shaothar agus chuaigh a chuid scéalta i bhfeidhm ar scríbhneoirí agus ar chriticeoirí Astrálacha trí aistriúcháin.<ref>[http://judaica.library.usyd.edu.au/histories/goldhar.html] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140127144650/http://judaica.library.usyd.edu.au/histories/goldhar.html |date=2014-01-27 }} Archive of Australian Judaica, Sydney University</ref><ref>[https://www.hybridpublishers.com.au/product/the-collected-stories-of-pinchas-goldhar/] ''The Collected Stories of Pinchas Goldhar'', Hybrid Press 2016</ref><ref>{{Lua idirlín |url=http://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/goldhar-pinchas-6415 |teideal=Cóip cartlainne |dátarochtana=2019-06-24 |archivedate=2014-01-26 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140126044159/http://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/goldhar-pinchas-6415 }}</ref> ==Spáinnis== Litríocht Spáinnise le scríbhneoirí ó Mheiriceá Theas le fáil san Astráil. Bhí comórtais liteartha ar siúl faoi choimirce an Spanish Club in Sydney, an Uruguayan Club in Melbourne agus eile. Foilsíodh díolamaí sna hochtóidí agus sna nochtóidí, agus foilsíodh bailiúcháin d’fhilíocht agus de ghearrscéalta, úrscéalta, drámaí, beathaisnéisí agus dírbheathaisnéisí. Tháinig an chuid is mó den litríocht seo amach i Spáinnis, cé gur beag aird a thug scoláirí liteartha uirthi seachas ar scríbhneoirí Gréigise agus Iodáilise. Bhí tábhacht riamh le hirisí liteartha, ar nós ''Vistazo'', ''Versión'' agus ''Hontanar''.<ref>{{Lua idirlín |url=http://www.cervantespublishing.com/ |teideal=Cóip cartlainne |dátarochtana=2014-02-18 |archivedate=2014-05-17 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140517070729/http://cervantespublishing.com/ }}</ref> Is dócha gurbh é Rudesindo Salvado, Ab Beinidictíneach Mhisean Norcia Nua san Astráil Thiar sa 19ú haois, an chéad scríbhneoir Spáinnise san Astráil, ós í Spáinnis a scríobh sé a cuid dialann, atá foilsithe anois. Ón mbliain 1907 amach bhí Spáinnigh ag obair i dtuaisceart Queensland, agus orthu sin bhí Salvador Torrents, scríbhneoir a chum ''crónistas'' (píosaí gearra aoracha), in éineacht le dánta agus gearrscéalta (nár foilsíodh fós). Bhain iriseoirí Spáinnise an Astráil amach tríd an Spanish Migration Scheme (1958-1963) agus cuireadh na chéad nuachtáin Spáinnise ar bun dá bharr. Bhí daoine i measc na n-inimirceach seo a chuir ócáidí liteartha ar bun. Sna seachtóidí tháinig a lán scríbhneoirí agus intleachtóirí ó Mheiriceá Theas, go háirithe ón Airgíntín, ón tSile agus ó Urugua, tíortha a raibh achrann polaitiúil ar siúl iontu ag an am. Chuir na daoine sin go mór le litríocht Spáinnise na hAstráile, agus chuir cúpla duine acu na chéad leabhair amach (saothair a d’fhoilsigh siad iad féin). Cuireadh a lán irisí liteartha ar bun thar na blianta, agus is é ''Hontanar'' an ceann is buaine díobh. Ar na scríbhneoirí Astrálacha a bhfuil saothar Spáinnise foilsithe acu tá Michael Gamarra, Humberto Hincapié agus Clara Isabel Maldonado.<ref>[http://ro.uow.edu.au/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1570&context=artspapers]{{Dead link|date=Nollaig 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} Michael Jacklin (University of Wollongong), “Desde Australia para todo el mundo hispano”: Australia’s Spanish-Language Magazines and Latin American/Australian Writing</ref> == Iodáilis == [[File:Lygon St, Carlton, Victoria, Australia.jpg|thumb|An limistéar "Iodálach" i Sráid Lygon, Carlton, fo-bhaile ionchathrach de Melbourne. Sular bhain na hIodálaigh Carlton amach bhí pobal mór cainteoirí Giúdaise ann.]] Tá idir phrós agus fhilíocht scríofa ag scríbhneoirí Iodáilise san Astráil agus tá filíocht á foilsiú ó na daichidí i leith. Tháinig neart Iodálach chun na hAstráile idir na daichidí agus na seachtóidí, agus idir na blianta 1947 agus 2004 d’fhoilsigh seacht bhfile Iodálacha is tríocha 85 leabhar filíochta. Iodáilis a úsáideadh in 71 cinn díobh agus tá roinnt mhaith filíochta le fáil i nduanairí freisin. Is dócha gur thug beartas an [[Ilchultúrachas san Astráil|ilchultúrachais]] sna seachtóidí spreagadh éigin don litríocht úd ach is lag an bhaint atá aici leis an gcanóin aitheanta. Tá timpeall 17% den fhilíocht scríofa i gceann de na canúintí agus is iomaí údar a úsáideann idir Bhéarla, Iodáilis nó chanúint éigin le chéile. Bhí iomrá ar leith sa chéad ghlúin le Luigi Strano, Enoe Di Stefano, Mariano Coreno agus Lino Concas mar fhilí.<ref>[http://www.nla.gov.au/openpublish/index.php/jasal/article/viewFile/96/343] Gaetano Rando (University of Wollongong), ‘Italian-Australian Poetry by First Generation Writers: An Overview’.</ref> == Gréigis == Tháinig méadú suntasach ar an líon Gréagach san Astráil ó dheireadh an 19ú haois anuas go dtí an Chéad Chogadh Domhanda, agus tá inimircigh ag teacht ón nGréig riamh ó shin. In Sydney agus in Melbourne is mó a chuir siad fúthu, agus foilsíodh an chéad nuachtán Gréigise san Astráil sa bhliain 1913 in Melbourne. Tar éis an Dara Cogadh Domhanda bhí Rialtas na Gréige ag gríosú daoine chun an Ghréig a fhágáil chun dífhostaíocht a mhaolú sa bhaile, agus bhain cuid acu Melbourne, Sydney agus Adelaide amach. Sa bhliain 2011 bhí Gréigis á labhairt sa bhaile san Astráil ag 252,211 duine.<ref>[http://www.sbs.com.au/censusexplorer/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151207012947/http://www.sbs.com.au/censusexplorer/ |date=2015-12-07 }} Special Broadcasting Service (SBS) - féach "All other languages, "All of Australia" agus "Greek".</ref> Chuidigh neart na teanga agus an oiread sin daoine oilte a bheith ann le pobal léitheoireachta Gréigise a chothú. D’fhág na Gréagaigh a rian ar shaol cultúrtha an Bhéarla san Astráil ach bhí scríbhneoirí ann riamh a d’fhoilsigh saothair i nGréigis. Orthu sin tá Dean Kalimniou (Konstantinos Kalymnios), Fotini Epanomitis agus Dimitris Tsaloumas. Tá tábhacht i ngnóthaí cultúir leis an Greek-Australian Cultural League, eagraíocht neamhbhrabaigh a chuidíonn le scríbhneoirí agus le healaíontóirí de chuid an phobail Ghréagaigh san Astráil agus scríbhneoirí Gréigise ina measc.<ref>Greek-Australian Cultural League: http://www.gacl.com.au/ {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140126022812/http://www.gacl.com.au/ |date=2014-01-26 }}</ref> == Gaeilge == Tháinig na mílte Éireannach chun na hAstráile sa 19ú haois, go háirithe i seascaidí na haoise sin. Bhí [[An Ghaeilge san Astráil|Gaeilge]] ó dhúchas ag a leath ar a laghad agus riar beag daoine ina measc a raibh léamh nó scríobh na teanga acu. Tugadh roinnt lámhscríbhinní ó Éirinn agus bhí scata a raibh suim acu san obair a bhí á dhéanamh in Éirinn chun an teanga a chaomhnú. Faoi [[Athbheochan na Gaeilge|ré na hAthbheochana]], bhí gníomhaithe Gaeilge le fáil in Sydney agus in Melbourne, ach is beag a chuir siad le litríocht na teanga, cé gur fhoilsigh [[Mícheál Ó Tiománaidhe]] gearrscéal in Éirinn sa bhliain 1907 a bhí bunaithe ar a bhfaca sé san Astráil.<ref>[[Val Noone|Noone, Val]] (2012). ''Hidden Ireland in Victoria''. Ballarat Heritage Services, lgh 101-129. ISBN 978-1-876478-83-4 (clúdach bog)</ref> Níor tháinig ficsean nó filíocht ó láimh scríbhneoirí a bhí ina gcónaí san Astráil go dí caogaidí an 20ú haois. D’fhoilsigh Fionán Mac Cártha (arbh as Contae Ros Comáin dó agus fiche bliain caite aige san Astráil) ''Amhráin Ó Dheireadh an Domhain'' (Oifig an tSoláthair) sa bhliain 1953.<ref>”Mac Cártha, Fionán (1886 – 1953)”: Ainm.ie: http://www.ainm.ie/Bio.aspx?ID=439.</ref> Bhí an file Corcaíoch [[Louis de Paor]] ina chónaí in Melbourne idir na blianta 1984 agus 1988 agus é ag scríobh i gcónaí. D’fhoilsigh sé trí chnuasach san Astráil: ''Aimsir Bhreicneach'' (Leros, 1993), ''Gobán Cré is Cloch'' (Black Pepper, 1996?), agus ''Corcach & Dánta Eile'' (Black Pepper, 2000). Sa bhliain 2009 d'fhoilsigh Muiris (Mossie) Ó Scanláin, cainteoir dúchais ó Chorca Dhuibhne arbh fhada é ina chónaí san Astráil, scéal a bheatha féin: ''An Mám ó Dheas''.<ref>''An Mám ó Dheas'', An Sagart 2009. ISBN 1-903896-55 X</ref> Tá ficsean agus dánta foilsithe ag Colin Ryan, Gaeilgeoir Astrálach, ar ''[[Feasta]]'', ''[[Comhar]]'', ''[[An Gael]]'' agus ''Tinteán''. D’fhoilsigh [[Cló Iar-Chonnacht]] cnuasach dá chuid scéalta (''Teachtaireacht'') sa bhliain 2015,<ref>https://www.cic.ie/books/published-books/teachtaireacht {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160409211816/http://www.cic.ie/books/published-books/teachtaireacht |date=2016-04-09 }}.</ref> agus d'fhoilsigh [[Coiscéim]] cnuasach filíochta leis (''Corraí na Nathrach'') sa bhliain 2017.<ref>http://www.coisceim.ie/corrai.html.</ref> Tá cnuasach dánta dar teideal ''Dánta Póca'' (Coiscéim 2020) foilsithe ag Julia Breatnach-Banwait, file a tógadh i gConamara agus atá ina cónaí anois san Astráil Thiar.<ref>http://www.coisceim.ie/dantapoca.html</ref>. Tá baint ag saothrú teoranta na litríochta Gaeilge san Astráil le laghad na nGaeilgeoirí: chuir daonáireamh Astrálach na bliana 2011 in iúl nach raibh ach 1,895 duine ag úsáid na Gaeilge mar theanga bhaile.<ref>http://www.sbs.com.au/news/census/ {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130717085953/http://www.sbs.com.au/news/census/ |date=2013-07-17 }}: [[Special Broadcasting Service]] (SBS) – féach "All other languages," "All of Australia" agus "Irish".</ref> == Nótaí == {{reflist}} ==Le léamh== [http://tintean.org.au/2014/06/06/australian-writing-in-irish/] 'Australian writing in Irish,' ''Tinteán'', 6 Meitheamh 2014 ==Naisc== [[An Ghaeilge san Astráil]] ar9gtqbqdgnxkj1sz86k3lhe4pfdo4k 0 63618 1321754 1310027 2026-07-26T22:59:25Z Taghdtaighde 60452 Cuid mhaith curtha leis 1321754 wikitext text/x-wiki Is éard is '''Ficsean eolaíochta i nGaeilge''' ann ná an seánra litríochta [[ficsean eolaíochta]] atá ar fáil i [[Gaeilge]]. Faightear locht ar an nGaeilge toisc go samhlaítear nach bhfuil go leor den seánra seo sa litríocht aici. ==Samplaí áirithe a luaitear leis an seánra== * [[Máiréad Ní Ghráda]] * [[Cathal Ó Sandair]] * ''[[Tinte na Farraige Duibhe]]'' * ''[[Makaronik]]'' le [[Dave Duggan]] === ''Domhan faoi Cheilt'' le Iarla Mac Aodha Bhuí Cló Mhaigh Eo 1999 === Turas a thugann Evan agus Brigitta isteach i nduibheagán an spáis. Cá bhfios cén cineál allúrach a chasfar orthu nó cén chontúirt ina mbeidh siad. === ''An Clár Amanda'', Iarla Mac Aodha Bhuí, Cló Mhaigh Eo, 2000 === Tagann beirt dheartháir ar fhianaise go bhfuil deachtóir sa Chianoirthear in ann seilbh a ghlacadh ar intinn an duine trí chlár úr ríomhaireachta agus na milliúin a chur i gcuntais bhainc san [[An Eilvéis|Eilvéis]] ag an am céanna. Agus iad fós ag iarraidh teacht ar réiteach faoi cheard ba chóir dóibh a dhéanamh beirtear greim ar intinn dhuine acu féin Scéinséir na déaglitríochta Gaeilge. === ''Talfasg'' === Scéal finsceolaíochta a dhíríonn ar bhuachaill a dheirfiúr agus cailín a aimsíonn inneall a chuireann iad ag taisteal tríd an am chuig an todhchaí, tá an domhan scartha 2065, tá an teicneolaíochta sách dona seachas na carranna ciúine, rud atá tarlaithe, tá [[Slisne sileacain|sliseanna]] in [[Inchinn dhaonna|inchinní]] daoine agus táthar ag iarraidh smacht a choinneáil ar an domhan, casann siad lena chéile sa todhchaí agus ar deireadh éiríonn leo deireadh a chur leis an gcóras polaitiúil ansmachtach agus filleadh ar an mbliain 1991 as ar tháinig siad. Tá deacracht creideamh sna hainmneacha daonna agus áiteanna. D'aistrigh [[Liam Prút]] go Gaeilge na hÉireann é. === ''Smaointe Beaga Cumhachtacha'' le Pól Ó Cainín === Leabhar ficsean eolaíochta sa tsraith Foghlaimeoir Fásta. Tá an dara leabhar sa tsraith ann: ''[[Is trua nach bhfuil tú anseo!]]''<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://comhar.ie/leabhair/is-trua-nach-bhfuil-tu-anseo/|teideal=Is trua nach bhfuil tú anseo!|údar=|work=[[LeabhairCOMHAR]]|dátarochtana=2026-02-26}}</ref> === ''Tinte na Farraige Duibhe'', Tim Armstrong (Eoin P. Ó Murchú aist.), Leabhar Breac, 2020 === {{Príomhalt|Tinte na Farraige Duibhe}} === ''An Dara Rogha'', Celia de Fréine, LeabhairCOMHAR, 2022 === {{Príomhalt|An Dara Rogha}} Sa Ré Úr iar dtubaiste, d'fhás Emma aníos sa chathair dhiostóipeach [[Bithsféar (ficsean eolaíochta)|Bithsféar]] 9. Nuair a théann a cara ar iarraidh gan tasc gan tuairisc caithfidh Emma dul ag fiosrú le fáil amach ar cuireadh chuig [[Feirm na bhFéatas]] í nó an bhfuil rud éigin eile ar siúl.<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://nos.ie/news/ceithre-mholadh-randamacha-don-leitheoir-craosach/|teideal=Ceithre mholadh randamacha don léitheoir craosach|údar=[[Hannah Ní Chonghaile]]|dáta=2023-05-11|work=[[NÓS]]|dátarochtana=2026-02-26}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Luaigh foilseachán|author=[[Aonghus Ó Lochlainn]]|url=https://comhar.ie/iris/82/9/an-dara-rogha/|title=An Dara Rogha: Léirmheas le hAonghus Ó Lochlainn|journal=[[Comhar]]|volume=82|issue=9|pages=lgh 22–23|year=2022|month=Meán Fómhair}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Lua idirlín|url=https://aonghus.blogspot.com/2022/01/saol-nua-misniuil.html|teideal=Saol nua misniúil|údar=[[Aonghus Ó hAlmhain]]|dáta=2022-01-24|work=Smaointe Fánacha Aonghusa|dátarochtana=2026-03-06}}</ref><ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|url=https://comhar.ie/iris/85/6/glor-an-mhionlaigh/|title=Glór an Mhionlaigh|journal=[[Comhar]]|volume=85|issue=6|pages=lgh 10–11|author=[[Claire Dunne]]|month=Meitheamh|year=2025}}</ref> ==Saothair áirithe== * 1923 "Cuairt ar an nGealaigh" [[Mícheál Mac Craith|Mac Craith, Mícheál]] Éire [[Fáinne an Lae 1898-1900|''Fáinne an Lae'']], 17-03-23 * 1923 "Eachtra Fuirne" Mac Craith, Mícheál Éire ''Fáinne an Lae'', 15-12-23 * 1924 "Na Néalladóirí" [[Donn Piatt|Piatt, Donn]] Éire ''[[An Reult]]'', 1924 * 1925 Sprid na Sean-Laoch [[Leon Ó Broin|Ó Broin, Leon]] Éire ''[[Sguab]]'', Samhain. 1925 * 1925 Dibheartaigh ó Shean-Shasana [[Seán Ó Ciarghusa|Ó Ciarghusa, Seán]] Éire gan foilsiú - FL, 14/11/25 * 1926 "Páipéar a Fristadh i mBosca" [[Pádraic Ó Conaire|Ó Conaire, Pádraic]] Éire ''[[An Curadh Connachtach]]'', 29-05-1926 * 1927 "Aisling" [[Art Ó Riain|Ó Riain, Art]] Éire ''Fáinne an Lae'', Deir. Fómhair 1927 * 1927 ''An Tost'' Ó Riain, Art Éire * 1932 "Díoghaltas ar Ghallaibh…" [[Brian Ó Nualláin|O'Brien, Flann]] Éire ''[[Scéala Éireann]]'' 18-01-1932 * 1932 "Teacht agus Imeacht Sheán Bhuidhe" O'Brien, Flann Éire ''Scéala Éireann'' 13-06-1932 * 1933 "Marbhan" Conan (ainm cleite) Éire ''An Curadh Connachtach'', 25-03-1933 * 1938 "Ceithre Bhuille an Chluig" [[Seosamh Ó Tórna|Ó Torna, Seosamh]] Éire ''[[Bonaventura]]'', Earrach 1938 * 1938 "Duinneall" Ó Torna, Seosamh Éire ''Bonaventura'', Earrach 1938 * 1940 ''Manannán'' [[Máiréad Ní Ghráda|Ní Ghráda, Máiréad]] Éire * 1947 ''Algoland'' [[Seán Mac Maoláin|Mac Maoláin, Seán]] Éire * 1960 ''Captaen Spéirling agus an Phláinéad do Phléasc'' [[Cathal Ó Sándair|Ó Sándair, Cathal]] Éire * 1961 ''Captaen Spéirling, Spás-Phíolóta'' Ó Sándair, Cathal Éire * 1961 ''Leis an Chaptaen Spéirling go Mars'' Ó Sándair, Cathal Éire * 1985 ''Pax Dei'' [[Mícheál Ó Brolacháin|Ó Brolacháin, Mícheál]] Éire * 1988 ''A.D. 2016'' [[Pádraig Standún|Standún, Pádraig]] Éire * 1995 "Siocshuan" [[Pól Ó Muirí|Ó Muirí, Pól]] ''Siosafas'' [[Coiscéim]] * 1997 ''An Fear a Phléasc'' [[Mícheál Ó Conghaile|Ó Congaile, Mícheál]] * 1999 ''Domhan Faoi Cheilt'' [[Iarla Mac Aodha Bhuí|Mac Aodha Bhuí, Iarla]] Éire * 2000 ''An Clár AMANDA'' Mac Aodha Bhuí, Iarla *2003 ''Ag Altóir an Diabhail'' [[Tomás Mac Síomóin|Mac Síomóin, Tomás]] Éire ==Scéalta agus leabhair i nGaeilge na hAlban== * "An t-Eilean Céin" le [[Garbhan MacAoidh]], ''[[Gairm]]'' 32, 307–311, (1960) * "Crìochan Farsaing" le [[Cailein T. MacCoinnich]], ''[[Gairm]]'' 34, (1960) * "Am Putan Dearg" le [[Fionnlagh I. MacDhòmhnaill]], ''[[Gairm]]'' 34, (1960) * "Ri Taobh an Teallaich" le [[Ruairidh MacLeòid]], ''[[Gairm]]'' 34, (1960) * "An Solus Ùr" le [[Iain Mac a’ Ghobhainn]], ''[[Gairm]]'' 35, (1961) * "Mòd Thorgabail" le [[Tormod MacNèill]], ''[[Gairm]]'' 36, (1961) * "An Duine Ùr" le [[Rob Shirley]], ''[[Gairm]]'' 38, 109–115, (1961) * "An Galair" le [[Cailein T. MacCoinnich]], ''[[Gairm]]'' 42, (1963) * "Mr. Universe" le [[Rob Shirley]], ''[[Gairm]]'' 46, (1964) * "Togail Chaisteal anns na Neòil" le [[Dòmhnall Moireach]] i ''Rosg nan Eilean'', in eagar ag [[Alasdair I. MacAsgaill]] (1966) * "An Long-adhair" [[Cailein T. MacCoinnich]], ''[[Gairm]]'' 61, (1967) * ''[[Oirthir Tìm]]'' le [[Cailein T. MacCoinnich]] (1969) (an trí scéal dá chuid thuas móide "Searmon a’ Bhodaich" agus "An Toradh Oillteil") * "An Toradh Searbh" [[Cailein T. MacCoinnich]], ''[[Gairm]]'' 68, (1969) * "Dannsa anns an Fhasan Ùr" le [[Maribal NicMhaoilein]], ''[[Gairm]]'' 73, (1970) * ''[[Iain am Measg Nan Reultan]]'' le [[Iain Mac a' Ghobhainn]] (1970) * "An Rionnag" le [[Iain Mac a' Ghobhainn]] in ''An t-Adhar Ameireaganach'' (1973) * "An t-Adhar Ùr" le [[Dennis King]], ''[[Gairm]]'' 107, (1979) * "Litir bho na h-Eileanan—sa’ bhliadhna 2081" le [[Cairstìona NicAmhlaidh]], ''[[Gairm]]'' 116 (1981) * "An-Dèidh-Làimh" le [[Eilidh Watt]], ''[[Gairm]]'' 121, (1982-3) * "An Roghainn" le [[Eilidh Watt]], ''[[Gairm]]'' 123, (1983) * "Gu Cùl na Gealaich" le [[Eilidh NicDhòmhnaill]], ''[[Gairm]]'' 123, (1983) * ''Clann a' Phroifeasair'' le [[Maoilios Caimbeul|Maoilios M. Caimbeul]] (1988) * ''[[Talfasg]]'' le [[Maoilios M. Caimbeul]] (1990) * ''[[Là a’ Dèanamh Sgèil Do Là]]'' le h[[Aonghas Pàdraig Caimbeul]] (2004) * "Seanchaidh an Taoibh Tuath" le [[Rob Shirley]], ''[[Gath]]'' 5, (2006) * "Dhan Stèisean le Cabhaig!" le [[Des Scholes]], ''[[Gath]]'' 7, (2007) * "Tiop" le [[Fionnlagh MacLeòid]] i n''[[Dìomhanas]]'' (2008) * "A chàirdean, cà’il am bàr" le [[Fionnlagh MacLeòid]], ''[[Gath]]'' 9, (2008) * "An Keppler" le [[Iain MacIlleathain]] (2008) i ''An Claigeann aig Damien Hirst'', arna fhoilsiú ag {{Interlanguage link|Ùr-sgeul|gd|Ùr-sgeul}} * "Luathas-teichidh" le [[Tim Armstrong]] (2011) i ''Saorsa'', arna fhoilsiú ag {{Interlanguage link|Ùr-sgeul|gd|Ùr-sgeul}} (cuid 1 d'''[[Air Cuan Dubh Drilseach]]'') * ''[[Air Cuan Dubh Drilseach]]'' le [[Tim Armstrong]] (2013) * "Cuilean na Nollaige" le [[Tim Armstrong]] sa nuachtán, ''An t-Albannach'' (21-12-2013) * ''[[Cailèideascop]]'' le [[Daibhidh Eyre]] (2017) *''[[An Taistealach]]'' le [[Iain F. MacLeòid]] (2017) *"Air Iteig" le [[Nathaniel Harrington]], ''[[STEALL]]'' 9, (2024) * ''[[Iomall (leabhar)|Iomall]]'' le h[[Alistair Paul]] (2025) * ''[[An Luingeas Dorcha air Fàire]]'' le [[Tim Armstrong]] (2026) ==Scéalta agus leabhair i nGaeilge Mhanann== * ''[[Brann Foillycan]]'' le [[Graham Naylor]], (2008) ==Foinsí== * ''Science Fiction and Fantasy in the Irish Language''. le Philip O’Leary * Jack Fennell, a bhailigh liosta na saothar Gaeilge, tugann sé cuntas orthu ina shaothar ''[https://dublin2019.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/03/A-Short-Guide-to-Irish-Science-Fiction.pdf A Short Guide to Irish Science Fiction]''. ==Tagairtí== {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Ficsean eolaiochta i nGaeilge}} [[Catagóir:Ficsean eolaíochta i nGaeilge| ]] [[Catagóir:Litríocht na Gaeilge de réir seánra]] [[Catagóir:Ficsean eolaíochta de réir teanga|Gaeilge]] [[Catagóir:Ficsean eolaíochta|*]] [[catagóir:Litríocht na Gaeilge]] [[Catagóir:An Ghaeilge]] [[Catagóir:Ficsean tuairimeach i nGaeilge]] [[Catagóir:Ficsean tuairimeach]] ckdlgg73zg0xu5v4fs2clfenk0f6236 0 66908 1321787 1294207 2026-07-27T05:09:05Z InternetArchiveBot 47196 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1321787 wikitext text/x-wiki Seo liosta plandaí a bhfuil ról cócaireachta acu mar ghlasraí. Is féidir úsáid a bhaint as an téarma "glasra" le haghaidh bríonna éagsúla, lena n-áirítear [[Cócaireacht|cócaireachta]], [[Luibheolaíocht|luibheolaíochta]] agus [[dlí|dlíthiúla]]. Áirítear sa liosta seo torthaí luibheolaíochta ar nós [[puimcín|puimcíní]], agus ní áirítear [[luibh|luibheanna]], [[spíosra|spíosraí]], [[Arbhar|gránaigh]] agus an chuid is mó de thorthaí cócaireachta agus chnónna cócaireachta. Níl fungais inite san áireamh sa liosta. Bíonn glasraí slíthiúla sainithe chun críocha rialála, cánachais agus eile. D'áireofaí an trátaí mar shampla, gur sméar luibheolaíochta é, ach gur glasra cócaireachta é de réir dlí na Stát Aontaithe. Níl roinnt glasraí cócaireachta, mar shampla sleabhac, fiú ina mbaill de ríocht na bplandaí. ==Liosta== ; Eochair * Tagann luanna a bhfuil '' 'Ecoport' '' orthu ó shuíomh Gréasáin Ecoport, tairseach éiceolaíochta a forbraíodh i gcomhar leis an Foras Bia agus Talmhaíochta na Náisiún Aontaithe [[FBT]].<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.ecoport.org | teideal=Ecoport | dáta rochtana=2006-10-30 }}</ref> * Iad siúd atá marcáilte le '''GRIN''' tagann siad ón 'GRIN Taxonomy of Food Plants'.<ref>{{cite web }}</ref> * Iad siúd atá marcáilte le '''Duke''' ón leabhar James Duke '' Handbook of Energy Crops ''. }}</ref> {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Speiceas !! Ainm coitianta !! Tuairimí |- | ''[[Abutilon theophrasti]]'' || Siúit shíneach ||Tá an blas go maith, ach ós rud é go bhfuil uigeacht na nduilleog cosúil le éadach agus nach bhfuil sé briosc, níl sé an-oiriúnach le hithe amh.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.pfaf.org/user/Plant.aspx?LatinName=Abutilon+theophrasti |teideal=Abutilon theophrasti |publisher=PFAF |date= |accessdate=2013-12-15}}</ref> |- | ''[[Acacia pennata]]'' || Acáise chleiteach|| Cha-om, glasra tábhachtach i mBurma agus sa Téalainn<ref>{{cite web|author=John H. Wiersema |url=http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/tax_search.pl |teideal=GRIN |work=Ars-grin.gov |date= |accessdate=2013-12-15}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=11963 |teideal=Ecoport |publisher=Ecoport |date= |accessdate=2013-12-15 |dátarochtana=2020-07-07 |archivedate=2016-02-18 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160218134546/http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=11963 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://mansfeld.ipk-gatersleben.de/pls/htmldb_pgrc/f?p=185:46:3676028610396938::NO::module,mf_use,source,akzanz,rehm,akzname,taxid:mf,,botnam,0,,Acacia%20pennata,20027 | teideal=Mansfield's World Database of Agricultural and Horticultural Crops | accessdate=2010-05-08 }}</ref> |- | ''[[Acmella oleracea]]'' || Paribhiolar || ''Brèdes mafane'', duilleoga a bhfuil blas géar orthu, a bhfuil an-tóir orthu i [[Madagascar]] áit a n-úsáidtear iad chun mias ar a dtugtar ''romazava'' a ullmhú.<ref>[http://www.aromatiques.fr/html/conseils/technique-jardinage-53.html Romazava aux bredes mafane] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111127172927/http://www.aromatiques.fr/html/conseils/technique-jardinage-53.html |date=November 27, 2011 }}</ref> |- | ''[[Althaea officinalis]]'' || Leamhachán coiteann||Glasra a bhí oiriúnach le hithe i measc na Sean Rómhánaigh; bhí mias de leamhachán coiteann ar cheann de na sócamais a bhí acu. |- | ''[[Amaranthus cruentus]]'' || Amarantas fuilteach ||Téalainnis: '' phak khom daeng ''. Vítneaimis: '' rau dên ''. Tá speicis [[Amaranthus|amarantais]] inite agus tá blas taitneamhach orthu, ach tá cion áirithe d’aigéad ocsalach iontu agus b’fhearr iad a ithe tar éis an t-uisce a fhiuchadh agus a dhiúscairt <ref>{{cite web |author=John H. Wiersema |url=http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/tax_search.pl?63 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924125934/http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/tax_search.pl?63 |url-status=dead |archive-date=2015-09-24 |teideal=GRIN |work=Ars-grin.gov |accessdate=2013-12-15 |dátarochtana=2020-07-07 |archivedate=2015-09-24 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924125934/http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/tax_search.pl?63 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=390 |teideal=Ecoport |publisher=Ecoport |date= |accessdate=2013-12-15 |dátarochtana=2020-07-07 |archivedate=2016-02-18 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160218134546/http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=390 }}</ref> |- | ''[[Amaranthus retroflexus]]'' || Amarantas lúbtha || Téalainnis: '' phak khom ''. Níos gairbhe ná speicis eile d'amaranth nuair nach bhfuil siad saothraithe, ach an-choitianta mar fiailí. |- | ''[[Amaranthus spinosus]]'' || Amarantas spíonach || Téalainnis: phak khom nam |- | ''[[Amaranthus tricolor]]'' || Amarantas trídhathach||Bíonn tóir ar hibridí an amarantais, go minic ó shaothrú hidroponach, sa tSín agus i dtíortha eile na hÁise. Is gnách go n-itear iad [[Bánú (cócaireacht )|bánaithe]] <ref>{{cite web |author=John H. Wiersema |url=http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/tax_search.pl?67 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924125947/http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/tax_search.pl?67 |url-status=dead |archive-date=2015-09-24 |teideal=GRIN |work=Ars-grin.gov |date=2005-02-22 |accessdate=2013-12-15 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=2190 |teideal=Ecoport |publisher=Ecoport |accessdate=2013-12-15 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160116105052/http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=2190 |archivedate=2016-01-16 }}</ref> |- | ''[[Amaranthus viridis]]'' || Amarantas glas ||Mailéalaimis; ''chiira''<ref>{{cite web |author=John H. Wiersema |url=http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/tax_search.pl?68 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924125948/http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/tax_search.pl?68 |url-status=dead |archive-date=2015-09-24 |teideal=GRIN |work=Ars-grin.gov |accessdate=2013-12-15 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=392 |teideal=Ecoport |publisher=Ecoport |date= |accessdate=2013-12-15 |dátarochtana=2020-07-07 |archivedate=2016-02-18 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160218134546/http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=392 }}</ref> |- | ''[[Apium graveolens]]'' ||Lus na smaileog ||De ghnáth, is é an gas is mó a bhfuil tóir air, ach is iad na duilleoga an príomhbhiai i go leor anraithí. Tá ailléirge shoilire ag daoine áirithe gur féidir leis a bheith ina chúis le [[anaifiolacsas|turraing anaifiolachtach]] a d'fhéadfadh duine a mharú.<ref name="pmid8337856">{{cite journal |vauthors=Celestin J, Heiner DC | teideal = Food-induced anaphylaxis | journal = The Western Journal of Medicine | volume = 158 | issue = 6 | pages = 610–1 |date=June 1993 | pmid = 8337856 | pmc = 1311786 | doi = | url = }}</ref> |- | ''[[Atriplex hortensis]]'' ||Spionáiste eilifleoige ||Anallód, saothraíodh é i nDeisceart na hEorpa. Faoi láthair, níl mórán measa air mar ghlasra duilleach.<ref>{{cite web |author=John H. Wiersema |url=http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/tax_search.pl?125 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924125742/http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/tax_search.pl?125 |url-status=dead |archive-date=2015-09-24 |teideal=GRIN |work=Ars-grin.gov |accessdate=2013-12-15 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=3549 |teideal=Ecoport |publisher=Ecoport |date= |accessdate=2013-12-15 |dátarochtana=2020-07-07 |archivedate=2020-07-09 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200709224509/http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=3549 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/duke_energy/Atriplex_hortensis.html |teideal=Duke |work=Hort.purdue.edu |date=1997-12-29 |accessdate=2013-12-15}}</ref> |- | ''[[Barbarea verna]]'' ||Treabhach earraigh ||Meastar gur ionadach sásúil é ar bhiolar uisce. |- | ''[[Barringtonia acutangula]]'' ||Mangróbh fionnuisce, Chik-nam, Kra don ||Itear buinneoga agus duilleoga óga amh le [[Nam phrik]]. Bíonn tóir air in [[Isan]] |- | ''[[Basella alba]]'' || Spionáiste bán ||<ref>{{cite web |author=John H. Wiersema |url=http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/tax_search.pl?155 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924125809/http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/tax_search.pl?155 |url-status=dead |archive-date=2015-09-24 |teideal=GRIN |work=Ars-grin.gov |accessdate=2013-12-15 |dátarochtana=2020-07-07 |archivedate=2015-09-24 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924125809/http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/tax_search.pl?155 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=504 |teideal=Ecoport |publisher=Ecoport |date=2001-08-09 |accessdate=2013-12-15 |dátarochtana=2020-07-07 |archivedate=2016-02-18 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160218134546/http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=504 }}</ref> |- | ''[[Chard|Beta cicla]]'' || Biatas bán ||Ceann de shliocht saothraithe an bhiatais mhara |- | ''[[Beta vulgaris|Beta vulgaris maritima]]'' ||Líon na trá ||<ref>{{cite web |author=John H. Wiersema |url=http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/tax_search.pl?160 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924125813/http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/tax_search.pl?160 |url-status=dead |archive-date=2015-09-24 |teideal=GRIN |work=Ars-grin.gov |accessdate=2013-12-15 }}</ref> |- | ''[[Borago officinalis]]'' || Borráiste gorm ||Go forleathan mar ghlasra duille roimhe seo. Fós luachmhar i roinnt áiteanna san Iodáil agus i dTuaisceart na Spáinne.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=3761 |teideal=Ecoport |publisher=Ecoport |date=2003-08-22 |accessdate=2013-12-15 |dátarochtana=2020-07-07 |archivedate=2016-02-18 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160218134546/http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=3761 }}</ref> |- | ''[[Brassica carinata]]'' || Brasacach sceallchruthach ||<ref>{{cite web |author=John H. Wiersema |url=http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/tax_search.pl?174 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924125815/http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/tax_search.pl?174 |url-status=dead |archive-date=2015-09-24 |teideal=GRIN |work=Ars-grin.gov |accessdate=2013-12-15 |dátarochtana=2020-07-07 |archivedate=2015-09-24 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924125815/http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/tax_search.pl?174 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=3848 |teideal=Ecoport |publisher=Ecoport |date=2002-01-29 |accessdate=2013-12-15 |dátarochtana=2020-07-07 |archivedate=2021-01-07 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210107204026/http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=3848 }}</ref> |- | ''[[Brassica juncea]]'' || Brasacach mustaird ||<ref>{{cite web |url=http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=548 |teideal=Ecoport |publisher=Ecoport |date= |accessdate=2013-12-15 |dátarochtana=2020-07-07 |archivedate=2020-07-11 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200711201726/http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=548 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/duke_energy/Brassica_juncea.html |teideal=Duke |work=Hort.purdue.edu |date=1997-12-30 |accessdate=2013-12-15}}</ref> |- | ''[[Brassica napus]]'' || Praiseach tornapach||''Ráib'', a bhfuil tóir air i gcócaireacht Indiach agus Neipealach, de ghnáth shuaithfhriochta le salann, gairleog agus spíosraí.<ref>{{cite web |author=John H. Wiersema |url=http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/tax_search.pl?186 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924125817/http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/tax_search.pl?186 |url-status=dead |archive-date=2015-09-24 |teideal=GRIN |work=Ars-grin.gov |accessdate=2013-12-15 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=3861 |teideal=Ecoport |publisher=Ecoport |date= |accessdate=2013-12-15 |dátarochtana=2020-07-07 |archivedate=2020-07-11 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200711144441/http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=3861 }}</ref> |- | ''[[Brassica napus|Brassica napus var. pabularia]]'' || Praiseach thornapach var. pabularia||<ref>{{cite web |author=John H. Wiersema |url=http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/tax_search.pl?188 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924125819/http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/tax_search.pl?188 |url-status=dead |archive-date=2015-09-24 |teideal=GRIN |work=Ars-grin.gov |accessdate=2013-12-15 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=3863 |teideal=Ecoport |publisher=Ecoport |date= |accessdate=2013-12-15 |dátarochtana=2020-07-07 |archivedate=2020-07-09 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200709224502/http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=3863 }}</ref> |- | ''[[Brassica nigra]]'' || Praiseach dhubh ||Tá praiseach dhubh (nó mustard dubh) le fáil go coitianta i ngairdíní a ndearnadh faillí orthu, ar thaobh an bhóthair, i bpáirceanna tréigthe, agus i gceantair ina ndéantar diúscairt dramhaíola. Tá an planda dúchasach don Áise agus don Eoraip, ach fásann sé anois i gcuid mhór de dheisceart Cheanada agus beagnach gach ceann de na Stáit Aontaithe. Is é seo an príomh-mustaird a úsáidtear i dtarsainn, agus mar sin, de ghnáth, bíonn baint aige le brocairí teo. Chun tarsann mustaird a dhéanamh, caithfidh na síolta a bheith mínmheilte agus ansin a bheith meascaithe le plúr agus cuid bheag uisce agus fínéagar. Is féidir an planda a shaothrú i gcomhair a chuid duilleog óg a úsáidtear i sailéad nó mar luibh phota.<ref name="medsger116">{{cite book|last=Medsger|first=Oliver Perry|Teideal=Edible Wild Plants|year=1972|publisher=The Macmillan Company|location=New York|isbn=978-0-02-080910-4|pages=116–118}}</ref> |- | ''[[Brassica oleracea]]'' || Cóilis ghlas ||<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=552 |teideal=Ecoport |publisher=Ecoport |accessdate=2013-12-15 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060517221719/http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=552 |archivedate=2006-05-17 }}</ref> |- | ''[[Kale|Brassica oleracea var. acephala]]'' || Cóilis ghlas var acephala||Is cineál cabáiste í a bhfuil duilleoga cothroma nó catach uirthi agus dathanna na ngas a théann ó dúghlas go burgúnach. Tá go leor cothaithigh ann lena n-áirítear cailciam, iarann, agus vitimíní A, C, agus K. Is féidir duilleoga óga úra a fhómhar chun iad a úsáid i sailéid nó ligean dóibh aibiú agus a úsáid mar ghlasra cócaráilte. Is féidir í a fháil i rith míonna an tsamhraidh, ach bíonn sí milis, go háirithe tar éis seaca.<ref name="About Kale">{{cite web |url=http://gardening.about.com/od/vegetablevarieties/p/Kale.htm |teideal=Kale - Growing Kale in the Home Vegetable Garden |first=Marie |last=Iannotti |work=gardening.about.com |publisher=[[The New York Times Company]] |location=New York City, NY, USA |accessdate=November 26, 2011 |dátarochtana=Iúil 7, 2020 |archivedate=Feabhra 5, 2017 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170205062301/http://gardening.about.com/od/vegetablevarieties/p/Kale.htm }}</ref> |- | ''[[Brassica oleracea var. alboglabra]]'' || Brocailí Síneach nó Gail-lan ||<ref>{{cite web |author=John H. Wiersema |url=http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/tax_search.pl?189 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924125822/http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/tax_search.pl?189 |url-status=dead |archive-date=2015-09-24 |Teideal=GRIN |work=Ars-grin.gov |accessdate=2013-12-15 }}</ref> |- | ''[[Brassica oleracea var. botrytis]]'' || Cóilis || <ref>{{cite web |author=John H. Wiersema |url=http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/tax_search.pl?190 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924125824/http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/tax_search.pl?190 |url-status=dead |archive-date=2015-09-24 |Teideal=GRIN |work=Ars-grin.gov |date=2005-02-22 |accessdate=2013-12-15 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=553 |Teideal=Ecoport |publisher=Ecoport |date= |accessdate=2013-12-15 |teideal=Cóip cartlainne |dátarochtana=2020-07-07 |archivedate=2021-01-07 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210107135021/http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=553 }}</ref> |- | ''[[Brassica oleracea var. capitata]]'' || Cabáiste ||<ref>{{cite web |author=John H. Wiersema |url=http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/tax_search.pl?191 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924125826/http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/tax_search.pl?191 |url-status=dead |archive-date=2015-09-24 |Teideal=GRIN |work=Ars-grin.gov |accessdate=2013-12-15 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=554 |Teideal=Ecoport |publisher=Ecoport |date= |accessdate=2013-12-15 |teideal=Cóip cartlainne |dátarochtana=2020-07-07 |archivedate=2012-07-08 |archiveurl=https://archive.today/20120708021924/http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=554 }}</ref> |- | ''[[Brassica oleracea var. gemmifera]]'' || Bachlóg Bhruiséile || <ref>{{cite web |author=John H. Wiersema |url=http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/tax_search.pl?193 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924125828/http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/tax_search.pl?193 |url-status=dead |archive-date=2015-09-24 |Teideal=GRIN |work=Ars-grin.gov |accessdate=2013-12-15 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=555 |Teideal=Ecoport |publisher=Ecoport |date= |accessdate=2013-12-15 |teideal=Cóip cartlainne |dátarochtana=2020-07-07 |archivedate=2021-01-08 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210108022441/http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=555 }}</ref> |- | ''[[Brassica oleracea var. italica]]'' || Brocailí Iodálach||<ref>{{cite web |author=John H. Wiersema |url=http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/tax_search.pl?195 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924125833/http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/tax_search.pl?195 |url-status=dead |archive-date=2015-09-24 |Teideal=GRIN |work=Ars-grin.gov |accessdate=2013-12-15 |teideal=Cóip cartlainne |dátarochtana=2020-07-07 |archivedate=2015-09-24 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924125833/http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/tax_search.pl?195 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=556 |Teideal=Ecoport |publisher=Ecoport |date= |accessdate=2013-12-15 |teideal=Cóip cartlainne |dátarochtana=2020-07-07 |archivedate=2021-01-09 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109003104/http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=556 }}</ref> |- | ''[[Brassica oleracea var. palmifolia]]'' || Cál pailme || |- | ''[[Brassica rapa]]'' || Tornapa fiáin ||Duilleoga a bhfuil tóir orthu i ndeisceart na Stát Aontaithe, [[Galicia, sa Spáinn] (''Grelos'')<ref>{{cite web |author=John H. Wiersema |url=http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/tax_search.pl?201 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924125836/http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/tax_search.pl?201 |url-status=dead |archive-date=2015-09-24 |Teideal=GRIN |work=Ars-grin.gov |accessdate=2013-12-15 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=558 |Teideal=Ecoport |publisher=Ecoport |date= |accessdate=2013-12-15 |teideal=Cóip cartlainne |dátarochtana=2020-07-07 |archivedate=2021-01-08 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210108184029/http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=558 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/duke_energy/Brassica_rapa.html |Teideal=Duke |work=Hort.purdue.edu |date=1997-12-30 |accessdate=2013-12-15}}</ref> |- | ''[[Brassica rapa fosp. chinensis]]'' || Tornapa fiáin fosp. Síneach Choi ||<ref>{{cite web |author=John H. Wiersema |url=http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/tax_search.pl?203 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924125839/http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/tax_search.pl?203 |url-status=dead |archive-date=2015-09-24 |Teideal=GRIN |work=Ars-grin.gov |accessdate=2013-12-15 }}</ref> |- | ''[[Brassica rapa fosp. narinosa]]'' || Tornapa fiáin fosp. leathanshrónach ||<ref>{{cite web |author=John H. Wiersema |url=http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/tax_search.pl?205 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924125841/http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/tax_search.pl?205 |url-status=dead |archive-date=2015-09-24 |Teideal=GRIN |work=Ars-grin.gov |accessdate=2013-12-15 }}</ref> |- | ''[[Brassica rapa fosp. nipposinica]]'' || Tornapa fiáin fosp. Síneach||<ref>{{cite web |author=John H. Wiersema |url=http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/tax_search.pl?206 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924125844/http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/tax_search.pl?206 |url-status=dead |archive-date=2015-09-24 |teideal=GRIN |work=Ars-grin.gov |accessdate=2013-12-15 |dátarochtana=2020-07-07 |archivedate=2015-09-24 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924125844/http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/tax_search.pl?206 }}</ref> |- | ''[[Brassica rapa fosp. pekinensis]]'' || Tornapa fiáin fosp Péicingeach ||<ref>{{cite web |author=John H. Wiersema |url=http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/tax_search.pl?208 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924125846/http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/tax_search.pl?208 |url-status=dead |archive-date=2015-09-24 |teideal=GRIN |work=Ars-grin.gov |accessdate=2013-12-15 }}</ref> |- | [[''Brassica rapa'' fosp. ''rapa'']]|| Tornapa fiáin fosp. tornapach ||<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.healthaliciousness.com/nutritionfacts/nutrition-comparison.php?o=11096&t=&h=&s=40.30&e=&r= |teideal=Broccoli Raab Nutrition Facts |work=Healthaliciousness.com |date= |accessdate=2013-12-15 |dátarochtana=2020-07-07 |archivedate=2016-10-10 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161010212238/https://www.healthaliciousness.com/nutritionfacts/nutrition-comparison.php?o=11096&t=&h=&s=40.30&e=&r= }}</ref> |- | ''[[Brassica rapa var. perviridis]]'' || Tornapa fiáin fosp. an-ghlas || |- | ''[[Brassica rapa var. rosularis]]'' || Tornapa fiáin fosp. róiséad |- | ''[[Campanula rapunculus]]'' || Scornlus tornapaín ||Fásadh go forleathan san Eoraip é uair amháin dá dhuilleoga, a úsáideadh mar spionáiste <ref name="ReferenceA">{{Cite Americana|wsteideal=Rampion |year=1920}}</ref> |- | ''[[Campanula versicolor]]'' ||Scornlus ildathach ||Úsáidtear i gcócaireacht na Gréige cuisine<ref name="ReferenceA"/> |- | ''[[Capparis spinosa]]'' || Capras spíonach ||Úsáidtear duilleoga caprais mar chuid de chócaireacht na Gréige <ref>{{cite web |author=John H. Wiersema |url=http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/tax_search.pl?248 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924125848/http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/tax_search.pl?248 |url-status=dead |archive-date=2015-09-24 |teideal=GRIN |work=Ars-grin.gov |accessdate=2013-12-15 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=4159 |teideal=Ecoport |publisher=Ecoport |date=2003-05-31 |accessdate=2013-12-15 |dátarochtana=2020-07-07 |archivedate=2020-07-13 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200713034057/http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=4159 }}</ref> |- | ''[[Celosia argentea|Celosia argentea var. argentea]]'' || Cealóis gheal ||Ar a dtugtar "spionáiste Lagos", tá sé ar cheann de na príomhghlasraí bruite in Iarthar na hAfraice<ref>{{cite web |author=John H. Wiersema |url=http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/tax_search.pl?285 |teideal=GRIN |work=Ars-grin.gov |date= |accessdate=2013-12-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924125854/http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/tax_search.pl?285 |archive-date=2015-09-24 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=4372 |teideal=Ecoport |publisher=Ecoport |date= |accessdate=2013-12-15 |dátarochtana=2020-07-07 |archivedate=2020-07-12 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200712190106/http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=4372 }}</ref> |- | ''[[Lus na hÁise|Centella asiatica]]'' || [[Lus na hÁise]], Gotukola || Deoch fhionnuar is ea 'Bai bua bok' sa Téalainn <br/> ''Gotukola Sambola'' in Sri Lanka |- | ''[[Blonagán bán|Chenopodium album]]'' || [[Blonagán bán]] ||Is planda bliantúil fiaileach é an blonagán bán sa ghéineas ''Chenopodium'', a fhásann go tapa. Saothraítear agus itear ''Chenopodium album'' go forleathan i dTuaisceart na hIndia mar bharra bia ar a dtugtar bathua.<ref name="Niir Board p. 146">"Handbook of Herbs Cultivation and Processing", By Niir Board, p. 146</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.flowersofindia.net/catalog/slides/Bathua.html|title=Chenopodium album - Bathua|publisher=Flowersofindia.net|accessdate=15 August 2013}}</ref> |- | ''[[Chenopodium ambrosioides]]'' || American Wormseed ||[[Chenopodium]] species are edible, but many species are mediocre as a leaf vegetable.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=4483 |teideal=Ecoport |publisher=Ecoport |date= |accessdate=2013-12-15 |dátarochtana=2020-07-07 |archivedate=2020-07-09 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200709224507/http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=4483 }}</ref> |- | ''[[Chenopodium berlandieri|Chenopodium berlandieri fosp. nuttalliae]]'' || Southern Huauzontle ||<ref>{{cite web |author=John H. Wiersema |url=http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/tax_search.pl?297 |teideal=GRIN |work=Ars-grin.gov |date=2005-02-22 |accessdate=2013-12-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924125858/http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/tax_search.pl?297 |archive-date=2015-09-24 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=4484 |teideal=Ecoport |publisher=Ecoport |date= |accessdate=2013-12-15 |dátarochtana=2020-07-07 |archivedate=2020-07-09 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200709233108/http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=4484 }}</ref> |- | ''[[Chenopodium bonus-henricus]]'' || Good King Henry ||One of the finest ''Chenopodium'' species<ref>{{cite web |author=John H. Wiersema |url=http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/tax_search.pl?298 |teideal=GRIN |work=Ars-grin.gov |date=2005-02-22 |accessdate=2013-12-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924125859/http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/tax_search.pl?298 |archive-date=2015-09-24 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=4485 |teideal=Ecoport |publisher=Ecoport |date=2000-11-13 |accessdate=2013-12-15 |dátarochtana=2020-07-07 |archivedate=2020-07-09 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200709224511/http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=4485 }}</ref> |- | ''[[Chenopodium giganteum]]'' || Tree Spinach ||<ref>{{cite web |author=John H. Wiersema |url=http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/tax_search.pl?299 |teideal=GRIN |work=Ars-grin.gov |date=2005-02-22 |accessdate=2013-12-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924125901/http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/tax_search.pl?299 |archive-date=2015-09-24 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=4487 |teideal=Ecoport |publisher=Ecoport |date= |accessdate=2013-12-15 |dátarochtana=2020-07-07 |archivedate=2020-07-09 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200709224458/http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=4487 }}</ref> |- | ''[[Chenopodium glaucum]]'' || Oak-Leaved Goosefoot ||<ref>{{cite web |url=http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=4488 |teideal=Ecoport |publisher=Ecoport |date= |accessdate=2013-12-15 |dátarochtana=2020-07-07 |archivedate=2020-07-09 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200709224526/http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=4488 }}</ref> |- | ''[[Chenopodium nuttalliae]]'' || Huauzontle || Popular in Mexico<ref>{{cite web |url=http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=4492 |teideal=Ecoport |publisher=Ecoport |date= |accessdate=2013-12-15 |dátarochtana=2020-07-07 |archivedate=2020-07-17 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200717001550/http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=4492 }}</ref> |- | ''[[Chenopodium quinoa|Chenopodium quinoa fosp. quinoa]]'' || Quinoa || It has its origin in the Andean region<ref>{{cite web |author=John H. Wiersema |url=http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/tax_search.pl?301 |teideal=GRIN |work=Ars-grin.gov |date= |accessdate=2013-12-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924125903/http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/tax_search.pl?301 |archive-date=2015-09-24 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=2509 |teideal=Ecoport |publisher=Ecoport |date=2012-03-26 |accessdate=2013-12-15 |dátarochtana=2020-07-07 |archivedate=2020-07-09 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200709233109/http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=2509 }}</ref> |- | ''[[Chenopodium rubrum]]'' || Red Goosefoot ||<ref>{{cite web |url=http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=4498 |teideal= |publisher=Ecoport |date= |accessdate=2013-12-15 }}{{Dead link|date=Samhain 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> |- | ''[[Chrysanthemum coronarium]]'' || Garland chrysanthemum || Popular in Korean, Cantonese, Taiwanese, Hong Kong and Japanese cuisine<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.botanical-online.com/english/chrysanthemum.htm |teideal=Chrysanthemums |work=Botanical-online.com |date= |accessdate=2013-12-15}}</ref> |- | ''[[Endive|Cichorium endivia]]'' || Endive ||<ref name="ecoport1">{{cite web |url=http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=693 |teideal=Ecoport |publisher=Ecoport |date= |accessdate=2013-12-15 |dátarochtana=2020-07-07 |archivedate=2020-07-12 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200712230001/http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=693 }}</ref> |- | ''[[Endive|Cichorium endivia var. crispum]],'' || Curly endive ||Sometimes called "chicory" in the United States, called ''chicorée frisée'' in French<ref name="ecoport1"/> |- | ''[[Endive|Cichorium endivia var. latifolium]],'' || Broad-leaved endive || ''Escarole'' in French<ref name="ecoport1"/> |- | ''[[Cichorium intybus]]'' || Chicory || Leaves cooked with [[Vicia faba|Fave]] in Northern Italy<ref name="ars-grin1">{{cite web |author=John H. Wiersema |url=http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/tax_search.pl?322 |teideal=GRIN |work=Ars-grin.gov |date= |accessdate=2013-12-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924125905/http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/tax_search.pl?322 |archive-date=2015-09-24 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=694 |teideal=Ecoport |publisher=Ecoport |date=2001-08-08 |accessdate=2013-12-15 |dátarochtana=2020-07-07 |archivedate=2020-07-11 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200711130532/http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=694 }}</ref> |- | ''[[Belgian endive|Cichorium intybus var. foliosum]]'' || Belgian endive || Also known as witloof |- | ''[[Puntarelle|Cichorium intybus var. foliosum]]'' || Puntarelle || Also known as Catalogna chicory |- | ''[[Radicchio|Cichorium intybus]]'' || Radicchio ||Popular in Italy<ref name="ars-grin1"/> |- | ''[[Cichorium intybus]]'' || Sugarloaf || |- | ''[[Cirsium oleraceum]]'' || Cabbage thistle ||<ref>{{cite web |url=http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=13209 |teideal=Ecoport |publisher=Ecoport |date= |accessdate=2013-12-15 |dátarochtana=2020-07-07 |archivedate=2020-07-13 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200713044427/http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=13209 }}</ref> |- | ''[[Claytonia perfoliata]]'' || Miner's lettuce || Used by California Gold Rush miners who ate it to prevent scurvy. Like lettuce but rougher<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/cgi-bin/get_JM_treatment.pl?Claytonia+perfoliata |teideal=Jepson Flora Project: ''Claytonia perfoliata'' |work=Ucjeps.berkeley.edu |date= |accessdate=2013-12-15}}</ref> |- | ''[[Claytonia sibirica]]'' || Siberian spring beauty || Has [[beet]]-flavoured leaves.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://zone5.org/2011/06/perennial-vegetables/ |teideal=Perennial Vegetables |work=Zone5.org |date=2011-06-17 |accessdate=2013-12-15 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131215105421/http://zone5.org/2011/06/perennial-vegetables/ |archivedate=2013-12-15 }}</ref> |- | ''[[Cleome gynandra]]'' || African cabbage || Widespread in many tropical and sub-tropical areas of the world. Its leaves form an important part of diets in [[Southern Africa]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.plantzafrica.com/plantcd/cleomegyn.htm|teideal=PlantZAfrica.com- Cleome gynandra|website=PlantZAfrica.com}}</ref> |- | ''[[Cnidoscolus aconitifolius]]'' ||''Chaya'' or Tree spinach|| Traditional food in parts of Central and South America. Leaves must be cooked before being eaten.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://tasteofplayadelcarmen.wordpress.com/2010/07/19/meatless-mondays-chaya-food-or-medicine/ |teideal=Meatless Mondays – Chaya: Food or Medicine? |work=Tasteofplayadelcarmen.wordpress.com |date=2010-07-19 |accessdate=2013-12-15}}</ref> |- | ''[[Coccinia grandis]]'' || Ivy Gourd || Leaves cooked in soups in Thailand.<ref>{{cite web |author=John H. Wiersema |url=http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/tax_search.pl?356 |teideal=GRIN |work=Ars-grin.gov |date= |accessdate=2013-12-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924125908/http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/tax_search.pl?356 |archive-date=2015-09-24 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=4713 |teideal=Ecoport |publisher=Ecoport |date=2001-10-02 |accessdate=2013-12-15 |dátarochtana=2020-07-07 |archivedate=2020-07-17 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200717002245/http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=4713 }}</ref> |- | ''[[Colocasia esculenta]]'' || Taro || Only the young leaves are eaten. Popular in [[Mauritius]].<ref>{{cite web |author=John H. Wiersema |url=http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/tax_search.pl?370 |teideal=GRIN |work=Ars-grin.gov |date= |accessdate=2013-12-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924125910/http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/tax_search.pl?370 |archive-date=2015-09-24 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=758 |teideal=Ecoport |publisher=Ecoport |date=2005-02-24 |accessdate=2013-12-15 |dátarochtana=2020-07-07 |archivedate=2012-07-11 |archiveurl=https://archive.today/20120711164551/http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=758 }}</ref> |- | ''[[Corchorus olitorius]]'' || Jew's mallow || Used in [[Molokhiya]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.kitazawaseed.com/seed_077-168.html |teideal=Leafy Vegetables Molokhiya |publisher=Kitazawaseed.com |date=2016-11-04 |accessdate=2018-03-01 |dátarochtana=2020-07-07 |archivedate=2020-07-10 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200710033457/https://www.kitazawaseed.com/seed_077-168.html }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxonomydetail.aspx?id=375|teideal=GRIN #375|website=npgsweb.ars-grin.gov|dátarochtana=2020-07-07|archivedate=2020-07-13|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200713034057/https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxonomydetail.aspx?id=375}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=28791 |teideal=Ecoport |publisher=Ecoport |date= |accessdate=2013-12-15 |dátarochtana=2020-07-07 |archivedate=2020-07-11 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200711061241/http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=28791 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/duke_energy/Corchorus_olitorius.html |teideal=Duke |work=Hort.purdue.edu |date=1996-07-08 |accessdate=2013-12-15}}</ref> |- | ''[[Coriandrum sativum]]'' || Cilantro, Coriander || Used mainly for garnishing or in small quantities<ref>{{cite web |url=http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=784 |teideal=Ecoport |publisher=Ecoport |date=2000-10-23 |accessdate=2013-12-15 |dátarochtana=2020-07-07 |archivedate=2017-06-30 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170630055433/http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=784 }}</ref> |- | ''[[Crambe maritima]]'' || Sea kale || It was popular as a blanched vegetable in the early 19th Century, but its use declined |- | ''[[Crassocephalum crepidioides]]'' || Redflower ragleaf || Traditionally eaten as a green in tropical Africa. Possible toxicity not well studied |- | ''[[Cratoxylum formosum]]'' || ''Phak tiu som'' or ''Phak tiu daeng'' || Young leaves are edible. Popular in Laos, Thailand (Isan) and Vietnam |- | ''[[Crithmum maritimum]]'' || Samphire || In the 19th century, samphire was being shipped in [[barrel|cask]]s of seawater from the [[Isle of Wight]] to market in London at the end of May each year.<ref>{{Cite book| author=Grigson, Geoffrey | teideal=The Englishman's Flora | year=1958 | publisher=The Readers' Union, Phoenix House | location=London | isbn= | pages=}}</ref> |- | ''[[Crotalaria longirostrata]]'' || Chipilín || A common leafy vegetable in the local cuisines of southern Mexico<ref>{{cite web |author=John H. Wiersema |url=http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/tax_search.pl?404 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924125915/http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/tax_search.pl?404 |url-status=dead |archive-date=2015-09-24 |teideal=GRIN |work=Ars-grin.gov |accessdate=2013-12-15 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=4976 |teideal=Ecoport |publisher=Ecoport |date= |accessdate=2013-12-15 |dátarochtana=2020-07-07 |archivedate=2020-07-17 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200717002250/http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=4976 }}</ref> |- | ''[[Cryptotaenia japonica]]'' || Mitsuba || Small quantities added to soups, etc.<ref>{{cite web |author=John H. Wiersema |url=http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/tax_search.pl?406 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924125918/http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/tax_search.pl?406 |url-status=dead |archive-date=2015-09-24 |teideal=GRIN |work=Ars-grin.gov |accessdate=2013-12-15 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=4999 |teideal=Ecoport |publisher=Ecoport |date=2004-03-25 |accessdate=2013-12-15 |dátarochtana=2020-07-07 |archivedate=2020-07-17 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200717002255/http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=4999 }}</ref> |- | ''[[Cyclanthera pedata]]'' || Caigua || Traditional green in Central America and South America<ref>{{cite web |author=John H. Wiersema |url=http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/tax_search.pl?440 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924125920/http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/tax_search.pl?440 |url-status=dead |archive-date=2015-09-24 |teideal=GRIN |work=Ars-grin.gov |date=2005-02-22 |accessdate=2013-12-15 }}</ref> |- | ''[[Cynara cardunculus]]'' || Cardoon || Leaf stems are valued as food<ref>{{cite web |author=John H. Wiersema |url=http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/tax_search.pl?445 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924125922/http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/tax_search.pl?445 |url-status=dead |archive-date=2015-09-24 |teideal=GRIN |work=Ars-grin.gov |accessdate=2013-12-15 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=5138 |teideal=Ecoport |publisher=Ecoport |date=2001-10-08 |accessdate=2013-12-15 |dátarochtana=2020-07-07 |archivedate=2013-01-13 |archiveurl=https://archive.today/20130113000847/http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=5138 }}</ref> |- | ''[[Diplazium esculentum]]'' || Vegetable fern || Probably the most commonly consumed [[fern]]<ref>{{cite web |author=John H. Wiersema |url=http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/tax_search.pl?487 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924125925/http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/tax_search.pl?487 |url-status=dead |archive-date=2015-09-24 |teideal=GRIN |work=Ars-grin.gov |accessdate=2013-12-15 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=2268 |teideal=Ecoport |publisher=Ecoport |date= |accessdate=2013-12-15 |dátarochtana=2020-07-07 |archivedate=2020-07-17 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200717002145/http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=2268 }}</ref> |- | ''[[Diplotaxis tenuifolia]]'' || Perennial Wall-rocket || Often marketed under the same common names (Arugula, Rocket, Baby leaf rocket etc) as [[Eruca sativa]] |- | ''[[Erythrina fusca]]'' || Thong lang ||Fresh raw leaves eaten in Thailand in [[Miang kham]].<ref>[ftp://smc.ssk.ac.th/intranet/Research_AntioxidativeThaiVegetable/www/Native_veg/v142.html ทองหลาง]{{dead link|date=February 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> |- | ''[[Eruca sativa]]'' || Arugula, Rocket || Especially appreciated in Veneto, Italy<ref>{{cite web |author=John H. Wiersema |url=http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/tax_search.pl?521 |teideal=GRIN |work=Ars-grin.gov |date=2005-02-22 |accessdate=2013-12-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924125928/http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/tax_search.pl?521 |archive-date=2015-09-24 |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- | ''[[Emex spinosa]]'' || Lesser jack || It was formerly used as a leafy vegetable, but not highly valued |- | ''[[Eryngium foetidum]]'' || Bhandhanya, Culantro || Eaten as a leafy green in Thailand. Used as seasoning in the Caribbean. |- | ''[[Foeniculum vulgare]]'' || Fennel || <ref>{{cite web |url=http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=1107 |teideal=Ecoport |publisher=Ecoport |date=2000-03-29 |accessdate=2013-12-15 |dátarochtana=2020-07-07 |archivedate=2013-01-13 |archiveurl=https://archive.today/20130113050142/http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=1107 }}</ref> |- | ''[[Galactites tomentosa]]'' || ''Scarlina'' || Edible type of thistle <ref>{{cite web |url=http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=14279 |teideal=Ecoport |publisher=Ecoport |date= |accessdate=2013-12-15 |dátarochtana=2020-07-07 |archivedate=2020-07-17 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200717001329/http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=14279 }}</ref> |- | ''[[Galinsoga parviflora]]'' || Gallant Soldier || Popular in Colombia and Peru in soups and salads<ref>{{cite web |url=http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=6306 |teideal=Ecoport |publisher=Ecoport |date= |accessdate=2013-12-15 |dátarochtana=2020-07-07 |archivedate=2020-07-17 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200717002300/http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=6306 }}</ref> |- | ''[[Glechoma hederacea]]'' || Ground Ivy || <ref>{{cite web |url=http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=6435 |teideal=Ecoport |publisher=Ecoport |date= |accessdate=2013-12-15 |dátarochtana=2020-07-07 |archivedate=2020-07-17 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200717001610/http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=6435 }}</ref> |- | ''[[Glinus lotoides]]'' || Lotus sweetjuice ||Used as a leaf vegetable in many tropical countries<ref name="autogenerated1990">Stephen Facciola (1990). ''Plant species with leaves that have reportedly been eaten by people''</ref> |- | [[Gnetum gnemon]] || Melindjo || Popular in Indonesian cuisine.<ref>{{cite web |author=John H. Wiersema |url=http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/tax_search.pl?599 |teideal=GRIN |work=Ars-grin.gov |date=2005-02-22 |accessdate=2013-12-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924125930/http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/tax_search.pl?599 |archive-date=2015-09-24 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=1155 |teideal=Ecoport |publisher=Ecoport |date= |accessdate=2013-12-15 |dátarochtana=2020-07-07 |archivedate=2020-07-17 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200717001955/http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=1155 }}</ref> |- | ''[[Gynura crepioides]]''|| Okinawan Spinach || Grown commercially as a vegetable in China |- | ''[[Halimione portulacoides]]'' || Sea purslane ||<ref>{{cite web |url=http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=6609 |teideal=Ecoport |publisher=Ecoport |date= |accessdate=2013-12-15 |dátarochtana=2020-07-07 |archivedate=2020-07-11 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200711201902/http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=6609 }}</ref> |- | ''[[Hibiscus sabdariffa]]'' || [[Roselle (plant)|Roselle]] || Telugu: ''[[Gongura]]''. Roselle leaves are edible and have a pleasant taste. This plant is having good medicinal values. In some areas it is used as substitute of Jute. |- | ''[[Hirschfeldia incana]]'' || Shortpod mustard ||<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.pfaf.org/user/Plant.aspx?LatinName=Hirschfeldia+incana |teideal=PFAF ''Hirschfeldia incana'' |work=Pfaf.org |date= |accessdate=2013-12-15}}</ref> |- | ''[[Honckenya peploides]]'' || Sea sandwort || Traditionally used as food by the inhabitants of coastal [[Subarctic]] areas<ref name="ecoport3">{{cite web |url=http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=7727 |teideal=Ecoport |publisher=Ecoport |date= |accessdate=2013-12-15 |dátarochtana=2020-07-07 |archivedate=2020-07-17 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200717002330/http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=7727 }}</ref> |- | ''[[Houttuynia cordata]]'' || Fishwort ||Popular as a leaf vegetable particularly in Vietnam<ref>{{cite web |author=John H. Wiersema |url=http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/tax_search.pl?627 |teideal=GRIN |work=Ars-grin.gov |date= |accessdate=2013-12-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924125932/http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/tax_search.pl?627 |archive-date=2015-09-24 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=6770 |teideal=Ecoport |publisher=Ecoport |date= |accessdate=2013-12-15 |dátarochtana=2020-07-07 |archivedate=2020-07-17 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200717001615/http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=6770 }}</ref> |- | ''[[Hydrophyllum canadense]]'' || John's Cabbage || It was used as a leaf vegetable by Native American peoples<ref>{{cite web |url=http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=6799 |teideal=Ecoport |publisher=Ecoport |date= |accessdate=2013-12-15 |dátarochtana=2020-07-07 |archivedate=2020-07-17 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200717001620/http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=6799 }}</ref> |- | ''[[Hydrophyllum virginianum]]'' || Shawnee Salad || It was used as a leaf vegetable by Native American peoples<ref>{{cite web |url=http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=216920 |teideal=Ecoport |publisher=Ecoport |date= |accessdate=2013-12-15 |dátarochtana=2020-07-07 |archivedate=2020-07-17 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200717001450/http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=216920 }}</ref> |- | ''[[Hyoseris radiata]]'' || || Used in Liguria, Italy, to make [[preboggion]] |- | ''[[Hypochaeris maculata]]'' || Spotted Cat's-ear || Similar to dandelion but not as tasty |- | ''[[Hypochaeris radicata]]'' || Catsear || Young leaves should be harvested before they become too fibrous<ref>{{cite web |url=http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=6841 |teideal=Ecoport |publisher=Ecoport |date= |accessdate=2013-12-15 |dátarochtana=2020-07-07 |archivedate=2020-07-17 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200717001625/http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=6841 }}</ref> |- | ''[[Inula crithmoides]]'' || Golden samphire ||Young leaves may be eaten raw or cooked as a leaf vegetable.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=6900 |teideal=Ecoport |publisher=Ecoport |date= |accessdate=2013-12-15 |dátarochtana=2020-07-07 |archivedate=2020-07-17 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200717001630/http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=6900 }}</ref> |- | ''[[Inula helenium]]'' || Elecampane ||Leaves are edible, although root is preferred<ref>{{cite web |url=http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=6901 |teideal=Ecoport |publisher=Ecoport |date=2000-07-18 |accessdate=2013-12-15 |dátarochtana=2020-07-07 |archivedate=2020-07-17 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200717002305/http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=6901 }}</ref> |- | ''[[Ipomoea aquatica]]'' Forssk. || Water Spinach || Popular leafy green in Southeast Asia<ref>{{cite web |author=John H. Wiersema |url=http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/tax_search.pl?644 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924125936/http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/tax_search.pl?644 |url-status=dead |archive-date=2015-09-24 |teideal=GRIN |work=Ars-grin.gov |accessdate=2013-12-15 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=1264 |teideal=Ecoport |publisher=Ecoport |date= |accessdate=2013-12-15 |dátarochtana=2020-07-07 |archivedate=2013-01-12 |archiveurl=https://archive.today/20130112182618/http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=1264 }}</ref> |- | [[Ipomoea batatas|''Ipomoea batatas'' var. ''batatas'']] || Sweet Potato ||<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=1265 |teideal=Ecoport |publisher=Ecoport |date=2012-04-25 |accessdate=2013-12-15 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060721024153/http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=1265 |archivedate=2006-07-21 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/duke_energy/Ipomoea_batatas.html |teideal=Duke |work=Hort.purdue.edu |date=1998-01-07 |accessdate=2013-12-15}}</ref> |- | ''[[Kleinhovia hospita]]'' || || Young leaves are eaten as a vegetable in Malaya, Indonesia and Papua New Guinea.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=7061 |teideal=Ecoport |publisher=Ecoport |date= |accessdate=2013-12-15 |dátarochtana=2020-07-07 |archivedate=2020-07-17 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200717001635/http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=7061 }}</ref> |- | ''[[Lablab purpureus]]'' || Lablab ||The leaves are used as greens, but have to be cooked like [[spinach]] and the water has to be discarded.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.pfaf.org/user/Plant.aspx?LatinName=Lablab+purpureus |teideal=''Lablab purpureus'' |publisher=PFAF |date= |accessdate=2013-12-15}}</ref> |- | ''[[Lactuca indica]]'' || Indian Lettuce ||<ref>{{cite web |author=John H. Wiersema |url=http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/tax_search.pl?663 |teideal=GRIN |work=Ars-grin.gov |date= |accessdate=2013-12-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924125939/http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/tax_search.pl?663 |archive-date=2015-09-24 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=7081 |teideal=Ecoport |publisher=Ecoport |date= |accessdate=2013-12-15 |dátarochtana=2020-07-07 |archivedate=2020-07-09 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200709233415/http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=7081 }}</ref> |- | ''[[Lactuca perennis]]'' || ||<ref>{{cite web |url=http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=14903 |teideal=Ecoport |publisher=Ecoport |date= |accessdate=2013-12-15 |dátarochtana=2020-07-07 |archivedate=2012-07-08 |archiveurl=https://archive.today/20120708215411/http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=14903 }}</ref> |- | ''[[Lactuca sativa]]'' || Lettuce || The wild varieties differ much from the average cultivated salad lettuce. |- | ''[[Lactuca sativa]]'' || Celtuce ||<ref>{{cite web |author=John H. Wiersema |url=http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/tax_search.pl?664 |teideal=GRIN |work=Ars-grin.gov |date= |accessdate=2013-12-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924125941/http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/tax_search.pl?664 |archive-date=2015-09-24 |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- | ''[[Lactuca serriola]]'' || Prickly Lettuce ||Prickly lettuce is a common edible weed that is native to Europe, but can now be found from coast to coast in the United States. The name comes from the small prickles that can be found on the lower part of the stem and the midrib of the leaves. The plant is found in fields, places of waste, and roadsides. The leaves of the plant reach out towards the sun and for this reason the plant is sometimes called the Compass Plant. Prickly Lettuce can grow to be from two to five feet tall but should be harvested early on when it is a few inches high. The young leaves of the plant are very tender and make an excellent salad green. As a potherb, the plant needs little cooking and is commonly made with a sauce of melted butter or vinegar. Prickly lettuce should be harvested in spring or early summer.<ref name="medsger116"/> |- | ''[[Lagenaria siceraria]]'' || Bottle Gourd || In Burma young leaves are boiled and eaten with ''nga peet'' spicy sauce<ref>{{cite web |author=John H. Wiersema |url=http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/tax_search.pl?668 |teideal=GRIN |work=Ars-grin.gov |date= |accessdate=2013-12-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924125944/http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/tax_search.pl?668 |archive-date=2015-09-24 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=1315 |teideal=Ecoport |publisher=Ecoport |date= |accessdate=2013-12-15 |dátarochtana=2020-07-07 |archivedate=2012-07-14 |archiveurl=https://archive.today/20120714033724/http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=1315 }}</ref> |- | ''[[Lallemantia iberica]]'' || Dragon's head || Cultivated in ancient times. Popular in [[Iran]] as green vegetable<ref>{{cite web |url=http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=7100 |teideal=Ecoport |publisher=Ecoport |date= |accessdate=2013-12-15 |dátarochtana=2020-07-07 |archivedate=2020-07-13 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200713044428/http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=7100 }}</ref> |- | ''[[Lamium album]]'' || White deadnettle ||<ref>{{cite web |url=http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=7103 |teideal=Ecoport |publisher=Ecoport |date=2010-05-10 |accessdate=2013-12-15 |dátarochtana=2020-07-07 |archivedate=2020-07-09 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200709233232/http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=7103 }}</ref> |- | ''[[Lamium amplexicaule]]'' || Henbit deadnettle ||<ref>{{cite web |url=http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=7104 |teideal=Ecoport |publisher=Ecoport |date= |accessdate=2013-12-15 |dátarochtana=2020-07-07 |archivedate=2012-07-12 |archiveurl=https://archive.today/20120712212125/http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=7104 }}</ref> |- | ''[[Lamium purpureum]]'' || Red deadnettle || Leaves of plants are eaten in salads or in stirfry.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=7107 |teideal=Ecoport |publisher=Ecoport |date= |accessdate=2013-12-15 |dátarochtana=2020-07-07 |archivedate=2020-07-13 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200713231549/http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=7107 }}</ref> |- | ''[[Lapsana communis]]'' || Nipplewort || Cultivated in [[Ancient Rome]]. Presently it is not valued as a leafy vegetable<ref>{{cite web |url=http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=7147 |teideal=Ecoport |publisher=Ecoport |date= |accessdate=2013-12-15 |dátarochtana=2020-07-07 |archivedate=2020-07-12 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200712233824/http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=7147 }}</ref> |- | ''[[Launaea sarmentosa]]'' || ''Kuḷḷafila'' ||Used in [[Maldivian cuisine]], usually finely chopped and mixed with [[Maldive fish]] and grated [[coconut]] in a dish known as ''[[mas huni]]''.<ref name="ReferenceB">[[Xavier Romero-Frias]], ''The Maldive Islanders, A Study of the Popular Culture of an Ancient Ocean Kingdom'', Barcelona 1999, {{ISBN|84-7254-801-5}}</ref> |- | ''[[Leichhardtia australis]]'' || Bush Banana || Traditional food of the Indigenous Australian people<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.aminoz.com.au/leichhardtia-australis-bush-banana-leaves-food-8757.html |teideal=Leichhardtia australis, bush banana, leaves - Food |publisher=Aminoz.com.au |date= |accessdate=2013-12-15 |dátarochtana=2020-07-07 |archivedate=2012-03-21 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120321161740/http://www.aminoz.com.au/leichhardtia-australis-bush-banana-leaves-food-8757.html }}</ref> |- | ''[[Leontodon hispidus]]'' || Hawkbit || Leontodon species are [[dandelion]]-like plants that are generally edible<ref name="ecoport2">{{cite web |url=http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=7210 |teideal=Ecoport |publisher=Ecoport |date= |accessdate=2013-12-15 |dátarochtana=2020-07-07 |archivedate=2013-01-12 |archiveurl=https://archive.today/20130112165414/http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=7210 }}</ref> |- | ''[[Leontodon tuberosus]]'' || ||Popular in Crete as a leafy green<ref name="ecoport2"/> |- | ''[[Lepidium campestre]]'' || Field pepperweed || All Lepidium species are edible. Appreciated for their peppery taste<ref>{{cite web |url=http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=7214 |teideal=Ecoport |publisher=Ecoport |date= |accessdate=2013-12-15 |dátarochtana=2020-07-07 |archivedate=2020-07-17 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200717001640/http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=7214 }}</ref> |- | ''[[Lepidium latifolium]]'' || Dittander || <ref>{{cite web |author=John H. Wiersema |url=http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/tax_search.pl?683 |teideal=GRIN |work=Ars-grin.gov |date= |accessdate=2013-12-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924125951/http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/tax_search.pl?683 |archive-date=2015-09-24 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=7219 |teideal=Ecoport |publisher=Ecoport |date= |accessdate=2013-12-15 |dátarochtana=2020-07-07 |archivedate=2013-01-12 |archiveurl=https://archive.today/20130112183139/http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=7219 }}</ref> |- | ''[[Lepidium meyenii]]'' || Maca || A traditional vegetable of the Andean mountain areas<ref>{{cite web |author=John H. Wiersema |url=http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/tax_search.pl?684 |teideal=GRIN |work=Ars-grin.gov |date= |accessdate=2013-12-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924130035/http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/tax_search.pl?864 |archive-date=2015-09-24 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=7220 |teideal=Ecoport |publisher=Ecoport |date= |accessdate=2013-12-15 |dátarochtana=2020-07-07 |archivedate=2020-07-17 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200717002310/http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=7220 }}</ref> |- | ''[[Lepidium sativum]]'' || Garden cress || Used in soups, sandwiches and salads for its tangy flavor<ref>{{cite web |author=John H. Wiersema |url=http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/tax_search.pl?685 |teideal=GRIN |work=Ars-grin.gov |date= |accessdate=2013-12-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924125956/http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/tax_search.pl?685 |archive-date=2015-09-24 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=7227 |teideal=Ecoport |publisher=Ecoport |date= |accessdate=2013-12-15 |dátarochtana=2020-07-07 |archivedate=2020-07-17 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200717002315/http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=7227 }}</ref> |- | ''[[Lepidium virginicum]]'' || Virginia pepperweed ||<ref>{{cite web |url=http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=7228 |teideal=Ecoport |publisher=Ecoport |date= |accessdate=2013-12-15 |dátarochtana=2020-07-07 |archivedate=2020-07-17 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200717002320/http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=7228 }}</ref> |- | ''[[Leucaena leucocephala]]'' || Phak kratin || Popular in Laos and Thailand ([[Isan]]) |- | ''[[Levisticum officinale]]'' || Lovage || Used in salads and soups. Flavor and smell are very similar to celery<ref>{{cite web |url=http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=7277 |teideal=Ecoport |publisher=Ecoport |date=2000-07-13 |accessdate=2013-12-15 |dátarochtana=2020-07-07 |archivedate=2020-07-17 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200717001650/http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=7277 }}</ref> |- | ''[[Limnocharis flava]]'' || ''Genjer'' || Used in Southeast Asia, but considered inferior fare in some places<ref>{{cite web |author=John H. Wiersema |url=http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/tax_search.pl?692 |teideal=GRIN |work=Ars-grin.gov |date= |accessdate=2013-12-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924125958/http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/tax_search.pl?692 |archive-date=2015-09-24 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=7320 |teideal=Ecoport |publisher=Ecoport |date= |accessdate=2013-12-15 |dátarochtana=2020-07-07 |archivedate=2013-01-12 |archiveurl=https://archive.today/20130112185312/http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=7320 }}</ref> |- | ''[[Limnophila aromatica]]'' || Rice paddy herb, Ngò om|| Popular in [[Vietnamese cuisine]] as an ingredient in ''canh chua'', a sweet and sour seafood soup<ref>{{cite web |url=http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=1352 |teideal=Ecoport |publisher=Ecoport |date= |accessdate=2013-12-15 |dátarochtana=2020-07-07 |archivedate=2013-01-12 |archiveurl=https://archive.today/20130112165744/http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=1352 }}</ref> |- | ''[[Limnophila indica]]'' || || <ref>{{cite web |url=http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=7323 |teideal=Ecoport |publisher=Ecoport |date= |accessdate=2013-12-15 |dátarochtana=2020-07-07 |archivedate=2013-01-12 |archiveurl=https://archive.today/20130112200634/http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=7323 }}</ref> |- | ''[[Lysimachia clethroides]]'' || Gooseneck Loosestrife || Edible, but considered poor fare<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.pfaf.org/user/Plant.aspx?LatinName=Lysimachia+clethroides |teideal=Lysimachia clethroides - Duby. -PAF |work=Pfaf.org |date= |accessdate=2013-12-15 |dátarochtana=2020-07-07 |archivedate=2013-12-15 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131215101349/http://www.pfaf.org/user/Plant.aspx?LatinName=Lysimachia+clethroides }}</ref> |- | ''[[Malva neglecta]]'' || || All Malva species are edible, but are generally considered poor fare or rough food<ref>{{cite web |author=John H. Wiersema |url=http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/tax_search.pl?734 |teideal=GRIN |work=Ars-grin.gov |date=2005-02-22 |accessdate=2013-12-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924130004/http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/tax_search.pl?734 |archive-date=2015-09-24 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=7558 |teideal=Ecoport |publisher=Ecoport |date= |accessdate=2013-12-15 |dátarochtana=2020-07-07 |archivedate=2013-01-12 |archiveurl=https://archive.today/20130112232632/http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=7558 }}</ref> |- | ''[[Malva parviflora]]'' || Cheeseweed || <ref>{{cite web |url=http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=7560 |teideal=Ecoport |publisher=Ecoport |date= |accessdate=2013-12-15 |dátarochtana=2020-07-07 |archivedate=2013-01-12 |archiveurl=https://archive.today/20130112161330/http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=7560 }}</ref> |- | ''[[Malva sylvestris]]'' || Mallow || <ref>{{cite web |author=John H. Wiersema |url=http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/tax_search.pl?735 |teideal=GRIN |work=Ars-grin.gov |date=2005-02-22 |accessdate=2013-12-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924130005/http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/tax_search.pl?735 |archive-date=2015-09-24 |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- | ''[[Malva verticillata]]'' || Musk Mallow || |- | ''[[Malva verticillata|Malva verticillata var. crispa]]'' || || <ref>{{cite web |author=John H. Wiersema |url=http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/tax_search.pl?736 |teideal=GRIN |work=Ars-grin.gov |date= |accessdate=2013-12-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924130008/http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/tax_search.pl?736 |archive-date=2015-09-24 |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- | ''[[Manihot esculenta|Manihot esculenta fosp. esculenta]]'' || Cassava || Should be always eaten boiled after disposing of the water. In some countries cassava leaves are regarded as a poor man's food and only eaten when there is nothing else.<ref>PA Lancaster & JE Brooks, ''Cassava leaves as human food'' - 1983</ref><ref>{{cite web |author=John H. Wiersema |url=http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/tax_search.pl?746 |teideal=GRIN |work=Ars-grin.gov |date= |accessdate=2013-12-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924130010/http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/tax_search.pl?746 |archive-date=2015-09-24 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=1420 |teideal=Ecoport |publisher=Ecoport |accessdate=2013-12-15 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140314151448/http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=1420 |archivedate=2014-03-14 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/duke_energy/Manihot_esculenta.html |teideal=Duke |work=Hort.purdue.edu |date=1998-01-07 |accessdate=2013-12-15}}</ref> |- | ''[[Marsilea crenata]]'' || ''Semanggi'' || Steamed leaf are used in certain areas of Java as component of [[pecel]] |- | ''[[Matteuccia struthiopteris]]'' || ''Kogomi'' ||The sprouts are a delicacy in Japanese cuisine<ref>{{Cite news | last = LaPointe | first = Rick |teideal = Let us go fiddlehead foragin', but carefully | newspaper = The Japan Times | location = Tokyo | date = 21 April 2002 | url = http://search.japantimes.co.jp/cgi-bin/fg20020421rl.html | accessdate = 13 March 2011}}</ref> |- | ''[[Megacarpaea polyandra]]'' || 多蕊高河菜 ''duo rui gao he cai'' || From the cabbage family. The young leaves are cooked as a vegetable in China<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=200009621 |teideal=Flora of China |work=Efloras.org |date= |accessdate=2013-12-15}}</ref> |- | ''[[Melanthera biflora]]'' || Sea daisy || The leaves and shoots are edible<ref>{{cite web |author=(L.) Wild |url=http://tropical.theferns.info/viewtropical.php?id=Melanthera+biflora |teideal=Melanthera biflora - Useful Tropical Plants |publisher=Tropical.theferns.info |date=2018-02-04 |accessdate=2018-02-28 |dátarochtana=2020-07-07 |archivedate=2018-03-01 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180301104127/http://tropical.theferns.info/viewtropical.php?id=Melanthera+biflora }}</ref> and are eaten cooked in [[Malaysian cuisine]] as a [[leaf vegetable]] and in [[Langkhttp://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=2162awi]] raw with chilli and [[shrimp paste]] ''[[sambal]]''.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.globinmed.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=104438:wedelia-biflora&catid=199&Itemid=139 |teideal=Wedelia biflora |publisher=Globinmed |date=2013-03-26 |accessdate=2018-02-28 |dátarochtana=2020-07-07 |archivedate=2021-03-06 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210306005757/https://www.globinmed.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=104438:wedelia-biflora&catid=199&Itemid=139 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=2162 |teideal=Entity Display : Wedelia biflora |publisher=Ecoport.org |date= |accessdate=2018-02-28 |dátarochtana=2020-07-07 |archivedate=2013-01-12 |archiveurl=https://archive.today/20130112163300/http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=2162 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.stuartxchange.org/Hagonoi.html | teideal=Hagonoi / Wedelia Biflora | publisher = Philippine Medicinal Plants | accessdate=2008-04-07 }}</ref> |- | ''[[Mentha arvensis|Mentha arvensis piperascens]]'' || Japanese mint || All ''Mentha'' species are edible, but generally used in small quantities as garnishing or in salads |- | ''[[Mentha longifolia]]'' || Habek mint || <ref>{{cite web |url=http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=7704 |teideal=Ecoport |publisher=Ecoport |date= |accessdate=2013-12-15 |dátarochtana=2020-07-07 |archivedate=2013-01-12 |archiveurl=https://archive.today/20130112152645/http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=7704 }}</ref> |- | ''[[Mertensia maritima]]'' || Sea bluebell || Traditionally used as food after boiling by the [[Inuit]] <ref name="ecoport3"/> |- | ''[[Mesembryanthemum crystallinum]]'' || [[Mesembryanthemum crystallinum|Ice plant]] || <ref>{{cite web |author=John H. Wiersema |url=http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/tax_search.pl?759 |teideal=GRIN |work=Ars-grin.gov |date= |accessdate=2013-12-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924130013/http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/tax_search.pl?759 |archive-date=2015-09-24 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=7731 |teideal=Ecoport |publisher=Ecoport |date= |accessdate=2013-12-15 |dátarochtana=2020-07-07 |archivedate=2020-07-17 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200717001715/http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=7731 }}</ref> |- | ''[[Mimulus guttatus]]'' || Seep monkey flower || The raw or cooked leaves were one of the traditional foods of the Mendocino and Miwok Indians, among other native peoples<ref>{{cite web |url=http://montana.plant-life.org/species/mimu_gutta.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040709191249/http://montana.plant-life.org/species/mimu_gutta.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=2004-07-09 |teideal=Montana Plant Life |publisher=Montana Plant Life |accessdate=2013-12-15 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=15365 |teideal=Ecoport |publisher=Ecoport |date= |accessdate=2013-12-15 |dátarochtana=2020-07-07 |archivedate=2020-07-17 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200717002015/http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=15365 }}</ref> |- | ''[[Mirabilis expansa]]'' || Mauka ||One of the important food crops of the ancient Inca empire. Leaves were eaten as a leaf vegetable or used raw in salads.<ref>{{cite web |author=John H. Wiersema |url=http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/tax_search.pl?767 |teideal=GRIN |work=Ars-grin.gov |date= |access-date=2006-10-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924130015/http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/tax_search.pl?767 |archive-date=2015-09-24 |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- | ''[[Morinda citrifolia]]'' || Noni tree || Known as ''bai-yo'' in Thai cuisine the leaves are cooked with [[coconut milk]] in a curry.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.easycookingmenu.com/index.php/easycooking/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%82%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A7-%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%9A%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%A1/coconut-curry |teideal=แกงกะทิใบยอ |publisher=Easycookingmenu |date= |accessdate=2018-02-28 |dátarochtana=2020-07-07 |archivedate=2024-12-16 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20241216170906/https://www.easycookingmenu.com/index.php/easycooking/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%82%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A7-%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%9A%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%A1/coconut-curry }}</ref> |- | ''[[Moringa oleifera]]'' || Drumstick tree || Leaves are very popular in [[South Asia]] for curries and omelettes.<ref>{{cite web |author=John H. Wiersema |url=http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/tax_search.pl?775 |teideal=GRIN |work=Ars-grin.gov |date= |accessdate=2013-12-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924130018/http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/tax_search.pl?775 |archive-date=2015-09-24 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=2348 |teideal=Ecoport |publisher=Ecoport |date=2012-12-23 |accessdate=2013-12-15 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060523233711/http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=2348 |archivedate=2006-05-23 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/duke_energy/Moringa_oleifera.html |teideal=Duke |work=Hort.purdue.edu |date=1998-01-07 |accessdate=2013-12-15}}</ref> |- | ''[[Moringa ovalifolia]]'' || South-west African moringa || Found in northern Namibia and south-western Angola |- | ''[[Moringa stenopetala]]'' || Ethiopian moringa || <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bioversityinternational.org/publications/Web_version/500/ch08.htm |teideal=Zemede Asfaw, "Conservation and use of traditional vegetables in Ethiopia" |work=Bioversityinternational.org |date=2013-07-19 |accessdate=2013-12-15 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120707210646/http://www2.bioversityinternational.org/publications/Web_version/500/ch08.htm |archivedate=2012-07-07 }}</ref> |- | ''[[Mycelis muralis]]'' || Wall lettuce || Leaves eaten raw in salads<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.pfaf.org/user/Plant.aspx?LatinName=Mycelis+muralis |teideal=PAF - Mycelis muralis - (L.)Dumort |work=Pfaf.org |date= |accessdate=2013-12-15 |dátarochtana=2020-07-07 |archivedate=2020-07-11 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200711180500/https://pfaf.org/user/Plant.aspx?LatinName=Mycelis+muralis }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=7865 |teideal=Ecoport |publisher=Ecoport |date= |accessdate=2013-12-15 |dátarochtana=2020-07-07 |archivedate=2020-07-17 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200717002345/http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=7865 }}</ref> |- | ''[[Myrianthus arboreus]]'' || ''Ujuju'' || Important food source in the Delta and Edo States of Nigeria<ref>{{cite web |url=http://database.prota.org/PROTAhtml/Myrianthus%20arboreus_En.htm |teideal=PROTA Myrianthus arboreus P.Beauv |work=Database.prota.org |date= |accessdate=2013-12-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130412042750/http://database.prota.org/PROTAhtml/Myrianthus%20arboreus_En.htm |archive-date=2013-04-12 |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- | ''[[Myriophyllum brasiliense]]'' || Parrot feather ||Used as a leaf vegetable in South America<ref name="autogenerated1990"/> |- | ''[[Myrrhis odorata]]'' || Cicely ||Young stalks and leaves are eaten in salads<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=7897 |teideal=Ecoport |publisher=Ecoport |accessdate=2013-12-15 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160116105052/http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=7897 |archivedate=2016-01-16 }}</ref> |- | ''[[Nasturtium officinale]]'' || Watercress || One of the most popular salad greens in certain areas, but watercress crops grown in the presence of animal waste can be a haven for parasites such as the [[Liver Fluke|liver fluke]] ''[[Fasciola hepatica]]''.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.dpd.cdc.gov/dpdx/html/frames/a-f/fascioliasis/body_fascioliasis_page1.htm |teideal=CDC Parasites & Health: Fascioliasis |work=Dpd.cdc.gov |date= |accessdate=2013-12-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130216040558/http://www.dpd.cdc.gov/dpdx/HTML/Frames/A-F/Fascioliasis/body_Fascioliasis_page1.htm |archive-date=2013-02-16 |url-status=dead |dátarochtana=2020-07-07 |archivedate=2013-02-16 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130216040558/http://www.dpd.cdc.gov/dpdx/HTML/Frames/A-F/Fascioliasis/body_Fascioliasis_page1.htm }}</ref> |- | ''[[Neptunia oleracea|Neptunia oleracea Loureiro]]'' || Phak chet ||Widely used in Thailand. Eaten raw with [[Nam phrik]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=7963 |teideal=Ecoport |publisher=Ecoport |date= |accessdate=2013-12-15 |dátarochtana=2020-07-07 |archivedate=2020-07-09 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200709224504/http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=7963 }}</ref> |- | ''[[Nymphaea odorata]]'' || Fragrant Water Lily ||Young leaves were eaten as a vegetable by Native Americans<ref>{{cite web |url=http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=372295 |teideal=Ecoport |publisher=Ecoport |date= |accessdate=2013-12-15 |dátarochtana=2020-07-07 |archivedate=2020-07-10 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200710011156/http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=372295 }}</ref> |- | ''[[Nymphoides indica]]'' || Water Snowflake ||Young leaves and stems are edible.<ref>[http://aquaflorasolutions.com.au/D088.html Aquaflora Nymphoides indica] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110828133140/http://aquaflorasolutions.com.au/D088.html |date=August 28, 2011 }}</ref> |- | ''[[Nymphoides peltata]]'' || Yellow floating heart ||<ref>{{cite web |url=http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=15521 |teideal=Ecoport |publisher=Ecoport |date= |accessdate=2013-12-15 |dátarochtana=2020-07-07 |archivedate=2020-07-09 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200709233024/http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=15521 }}</ref> |- | ''[[Ocimum basilicum]]'' || Sweet Basil ||Used in soups and sauces.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=1547 |teideal=Ecoport |publisher=Ecoport |date=2004-03-04 |accessdate=2013-12-15 |dátarochtana=2020-07-07 |archivedate=2020-07-09 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200709224507/http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=1547 }}</ref> |- | ''[[Thai basil|O. basilicum var. thyrsiflora]]'' || Thai basil ||Eaten both raw and cooked<ref>Frances Hutchinson, Garden Herbs (The Gardener's Handbook), Fog City Press, 2003, page 237</ref> |- | ''[[Ocimum × citriodorum]]'' || Lemon basil ||Used throughout Southeast Asia<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.deliciousindonesia.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=52:kemangi&catid=36:leaves&Itemid=41 |teideal=Kemangi |publisher=Delicious Indonesia |accessdate=2013-12-15 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131215102628/http://www.deliciousindonesia.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=52%3Akemangi&catid=36%3Aleaves&Itemid=41 |archivedate=2013-12-15 }}</ref> |- | ''[[Oenanthe javanica]]'' || Water Celery || Used in Southeast Asia and the Far East<ref>{{cite web |author=John H. Wiersema |url=http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/tax_search.pl?806 |teideal=GRIN |work=Ars-grin.gov |date= |accessdate=2013-12-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924130021/http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/tax_search.pl?806 |archive-date=2015-09-24 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=2364 |teideal=Ecoport |publisher=Ecoport |date= |accessdate=2013-12-15 |dátarochtana=2020-07-07 |archivedate=2020-07-13 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200713004452/http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=2364 }}</ref> |- | ''[[Oenothera biennis]]'' || Common evening primrose ||<ref>{{cite web |url=http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=8047 |teideal=Ecoport |publisher=Ecoport |date=2000-03-31 |accessdate=2013-12-15 |dátarochtana=2020-07-07 |archivedate=2012-07-10 |archiveurl=https://archive.today/20120710163203/http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=8047 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|teideal=Additions to the list of wild edible plants preservable by the deep freeze method |date=1968-10-01 |doi=10.1007/BF02908133 |volume=22 |issue=4 |journal=Economic Botany |pages=369–370|last1=Gaertner |first1=Erika E. }}</ref> |- | ''[[Oenothera hookeri]]'' || Hooker's Evening-primrose ||Leaves are cooked as greens<ref>[http://www.isu.edu/~willcha2/courses/b213f09/Lecture%20List%202_F09.pdf ISU] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100529221854/http://www.isu.edu/~willcha2/courses/b213f09/Lecture%20List%202_F09.pdf |date=May 29, 2010 }}</ref> |- | ''[[Onoclea sensibilis]]'' || Sensitive fern || It was used as a vegetable by the [[Iroquois]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=15575 |teideal=Ecoport |publisher=Ecoport |date= |accessdate=2013-12-15 |dátarochtana=2020-07-07 |archivedate=2012-07-08 |archiveurl=https://archive.today/20120708202242/http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=15575 }}</ref> |- | ''[[Oroxylum indicum]]'' || ''Pheka'' ||Has edible leaves and stems, eaten especially in Isan (Thailand) and in Laos<ref>{{cite web |url=http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=8133 |teideal=Ecoport |publisher=Ecoport |date= |accessdate=2013-12-15 |dátarochtana=2020-07-07 |archivedate=2020-07-11 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200711130635/http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=8133 }}</ref> |- | ''[[Oryza sativa]]'' || Rice ||<ref>{{cite web |author=John H. Wiersema |url=http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/tax_search.pl?816 |teideal=GRIN |work=Ars-grin.gov |date= |accessdate=2013-12-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924130023/http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/tax_search.pl?816 |archive-date=2015-09-24 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=1574 |teideal=Ecoport |publisher=Ecoport |accessdate=2013-12-15 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060630204200/http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=1574 |archivedate=2006-06-30 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/duke_energy/Oryza_sativa.html |teideal=Duke |work=Hort.purdue.edu |date=1998-01-07 |accessdate=2013-12-15}}</ref> |- | ''[[Osmorhiza aristata]]'' || ||Grows in China and Japan<ref>{{cite web |url=http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=224439 |teideal=Ecoport |publisher=Ecoport |date= |accessdate=2013-12-15 |dátarochtana=2020-07-07 |archivedate=2020-07-09 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200709233405/http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=224439 }}</ref><ref>[Osmorhiza aristata - (Thunb.)Makino.&Yabe. PFAF - ''Osmorhiza aristata'' (Thunb.)Makino.&Yabe.]</ref> |- | ''[[Osmunda cinnamomea]]'' || Cinnamon fern ||<ref>{{cite web |url=http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=8154 |teideal=Ecoport |publisher=Ecoport |date= |accessdate=2013-12-15 |dátarochtana=2020-07-07 |archivedate=2012-07-10 |archiveurl=https://archive.today/20120710084320/http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=8154 }}</ref> |- | ''[[Osmunda claytoniana]]'' || Interrupted fern ||<ref>{{cite web |url=http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=8155 |teideal=Ecoport |publisher=Ecoport |date= |accessdate=2013-12-15 |dátarochtana=2020-07-07 |archivedate=2012-07-12 |archiveurl=https://archive.today/20120712104253/http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=8155 }}</ref> |- | ''[[Oxalis acetosella]]'' || Common wood sorrel || [[Oxalis]] species contain oxalic acid and should not be eaten for long periods in large quantities. If possible, they should be eaten after boiling and disposing of the water<ref>{{cite web |url=http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=8174 |teideal=Ecoport |publisher=Ecoport |date=2010-05-17 |accessdate=2013-12-15 |dátarochtana=2020-07-07 |archivedate=2020-07-09 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200709224524/http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=8174 }}</ref> |- | ''[[Oxalis corniculata]]'' || Creeping woodsorrel ||<ref>{{cite web |url=http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=8178 |teideal=Ecoport |publisher=Ecoport |date= |accessdate=2013-12-15 |dátarochtana=2020-07-07 |archivedate=2012-07-09 |archiveurl=https://archive.today/20120709183855/http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=8178 }}</ref> |- | ''[[Oxalis deppei]]'' || Iron Cross || Popular as a vegetable in Mexico for its sharp, lemony taste<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.pfaf.org/user/cmspage.aspx?pageid=66 |teideal=Oxalis deppei |publisher=PFAF |date= |accessdate=2013-12-15 |dátarochtana=2020-07-07 |archivedate=2020-07-11 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200711061243/https://pfaf.org/user/cmspage.aspx?pageid=66 }}</ref> |- | ''[[Oxalis oregana]]'' || Redwood sorrel ||<ref>{{cite web |url=http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=224493 |teideal=Ecoport |publisher=Ecoport |date= |accessdate=2013-12-15 |dátarochtana=2020-07-07 |archivedate=2012-07-10 |archiveurl=https://archive.today/20120710034449/http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=224493 }}</ref> |- | ''[[Oxalis stricta]]'' || Common yellow woodsorrel ||<ref>{{cite web |url=http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=8189 |teideal=Ecoport |publisher=Ecoport |date= |accessdate=2013-12-15 |dátarochtana=2020-07-07 |archivedate=2020-07-09 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200709224516/http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=8189 }}</ref> |- | ''[[Oxalis tuberosa]]'' || Oca || <ref>{{cite web |author=John H. Wiersema |url=http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/tax_search.pl?818 |teideal=GRIN |work=Ars-grin.gov |date= |accessdate=2013-12-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924130027/http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/tax_search.pl?818 |archive-date=2015-09-24 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=2371 |teideal=Ecoport |publisher=Ecoport |date=2001-09-03 |accessdate=2013-12-15 |dátarochtana=2020-07-07 |archivedate=2013-01-12 |archiveurl=https://archive.today/20130112155413/http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=2371 }}</ref> |- | ''[[Oxalis violacea]]'' || || <ref>{{cite web |url=http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=15690 |teideal=Ecoport |publisher=Ecoport |date= |accessdate=2013-12-15 |dátarochtana=2020-07-07 |archivedate=2013-01-12 |archiveurl=https://archive.today/20130112164139/http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=15690 }}</ref> |- | ''[[Oxyria digyna]]'' || Mountain sorrel || <ref>{{cite web |url=http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=224513 |teideal=Ecoport |publisher=Ecoport |date= |accessdate=2013-12-15 |dátarochtana=2020-07-07 |archivedate=2013-01-12 |archiveurl=https://archive.today/20130112220654/http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=224513 }}</ref> |- | ''[[Pachira aquatica]]'' || Money tree || <ref>{{cite web |author=John H. Wiersema |url=http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/tax_search.pl?820 |teideal=GRIN |work=Ars-grin.gov |date= |accessdate=2013-12-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924130029/http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/tax_search.pl?820 |archive-date=2015-09-24 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=8199 |teideal=Ecoport |publisher=Ecoport |date= |accessdate=2013-12-15 |dátarochtana=2020-07-07 |archivedate=2020-07-17 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200717002350/http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=8199 }}</ref> |- | ''[[Pachira insignis]]'' || || <ref>{{cite web |url=http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=8201 |teideal=Ecoport |publisher=Ecoport |date= |accessdate=2013-12-15 |dátarochtana=2020-07-07 |archivedate=2013-01-12 |archiveurl=https://archive.today/20130112203740/http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=8201 }}</ref> |- | ''[[Paederia foetida]]'' || || <ref>{{cite web |url=http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=8211 |teideal=Ecoport |publisher=Ecoport |date= |accessdate=2013-12-15 |dátarochtana=2020-07-07 |archivedate=2013-01-12 |archiveurl=https://archive.today/20130112211622/http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=8211 }}</ref> |- | ''[[Parkia biglandulosa]]'' || || |- | ''[[Parkia speciosa]]'' || Petai || <ref>{{cite web |author=John H. Wiersema |url=http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/tax_search.pl?841 |teideal=GRIN |work=Ars-grin.gov |date= |accessdate=2013-12-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924130032/http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/tax_search.pl?841 |archive-date=2015-09-24 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=8328 |teideal=Ecoport |publisher=Ecoport |date= |accessdate=2013-12-15 |dátarochtana=2020-07-07 |archivedate=2013-01-12 |archiveurl=https://archive.today/20130112163310/http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=8328 }}</ref> |- | ''[[Parkinsonia florida]]'' || Blue Palo Verde || |- | ''[[Pastinaca sativa|Pastinaca sativa fosp. sativa]]'' || Parsnip ||<ref>{{cite web |author=John H. Wiersema |url=http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/tax_search.pl?864 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924130035/http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/tax_search.pl?864 |url-status=dead |archive-date=2015-09-24 |teideal=GRIN |work=Ars-grin.gov |accessdate=2013-12-15 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=1642 |teideal=Entity Display : Pastinaca sativa |publisher=Ecoport.org |date= |accessdate=2018-02-28 |dátarochtana=2020-07-07 |archivedate=2020-07-11 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200711144446/http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=1642 }}</ref> |- | ''[[Patrinia scabiosifolia]]'' || Golden lace || |- | ''[[Patrinia villosa]]'' || || |- | ''[[Paulownia tomentosa]]'' || Empress tree ||<ref>{{cite web |url=http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=8390 |teideal=Entity Display : Paulownia tomentosa |publisher=Ecoport.org |date= |accessdate=2018-02-28 |dátarochtana=2020-07-07 |archivedate=2012-07-07 |archiveurl=https://archive.today/20120707140232/http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=8390 }}</ref> |- | ''[[Pedalium murex]]'' || Burra Gookeroo ||Mucilaginous<ref>[http://food.oregonstate.edu/glossary/p/pplant60.html Pedalium Murex - Food resource] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111127173041/http://food.oregonstate.edu/glossary/p/pplant60.html |date=November 27, 2011 }}</ref> |- | ''[[Peperomia pellucida]]'' || Clearweed ||<ref>{{cite web|url=https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxonomydetail.aspx?id=870|teideal=GRIN #870|website=npgsweb.ars-grin.gov|dátarochtana=2020-07-07|archivedate=2020-07-11|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200711103458/https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxonomydetail.aspx?id=870}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=8442 |teideal=Entity Display : Peperomia pellucida |publisher=Ecoport.org |date= |accessdate=2018-02-28 |dátarochtana=2020-07-07 |archivedate=2012-07-21 |archiveurl=https://archive.today/20120721153047/http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=8442 }}</ref> |- | ''[[Pereskia aculeata]]'' || Barbados Gooseberry ||<ref>{{cite web|url=https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxonomydetail.aspx?id=871|teideal=GRIN #871|website=npgsweb.ars-grin.gov|dátarochtana=2020-07-07|archivedate=2020-07-10|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200710001553/https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxonomydetail.aspx?id=871}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=8445 |teideal=Entity Display : Pereskia aculeata |publisher=Ecoport.org |date= |accessdate=2018-02-28 |dátarochtana=2020-07-07 |archivedate=2020-07-12 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200712233820/http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=8445 }}</ref> |- | ''[[Pergularia daemia]]'' || ||<ref>{{cite web |url=http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=8447 |teideal=Entity Display : Pergularia daemia |publisher=Ecoport.org |date= |accessdate=2018-02-28 |dátarochtana=2020-07-07 |archivedate=2012-07-09 |archiveurl=https://archive.today/20120709185207/http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=8447 }}</ref> |- | ''[[Perilla frutescens]]'' || Perilla ||<ref>{{cite web |url=http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=8452 |teideal=Entity Display : Perilla frutescens |publisher=Ecoport.org |date=2001-10-31 |accessdate=2018-02-28 |dátarochtana=2020-07-07 |archivedate=2012-07-09 |archiveurl=https://archive.today/20120709114401/http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=8452 }}</ref> |- | ''[[Persicaria hydropiper]]'' || Water pepper || The leaves of a cultivar of this plant are eaten in Japan<ref>{{cite web |url=http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=18597 |teideal=Entity Display : Persicaria hydropiper |publisher=Archive.is |date=2012-07-07 |accessdate=2018-02-28 |url-status=bot: unknown |archiveurl=https://archive.today/20120707201946/http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=18597 |archivedate=2012-07-07 }}</ref> |- | ''[[Persicaria vulgaris]]'' || || |- | ''[[Petasites frigidus]]'' || Arctic butterbur ||<ref>{{cite web |url=http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=226124 |teideal=Entity Display : Petasites frigidus |publisher=Ecoport.org |date= |accessdate=2018-02-28 |dátarochtana=2020-07-07 |archivedate=2020-07-09 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200709224537/http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=226124 }}</ref> |- | ''[[Petroselinum crispum]]'' || Parsley || Only eaten as garnish, not in large quantities <ref>{{cite web |url=http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=1661 |teideal=Entity Display : Petroselinum crispum |publisher=Archive.is |date=2013-01-12 |accessdate=2018-02-28 |url-status=bot: unknown |archiveurl=https://archive.today/20130112160818/http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=1661 |archivedate=2013-01-12 }}</ref> |- | ''[[Peucedanum ostruthium]]'' || || <ref>{{cite web |url=http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=50472 |teideal=Entity Display : Peucedanum ostruthium |publisher=Ecoport.org |date=2000-07-07 |accessdate=2018-02-28 |dátarochtana=2020-07-07 |archivedate=2013-01-12 |archiveurl=https://archive.today/20130112172724/http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=50472 }}</ref> |- | ''[[Phaseolus coccineus]]'' || Runner Bean || <ref>{{cite web|url=https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxonomydetail.aspx?id=877|teideal=GRIN #877|website=npgsweb.ars-grin.gov|dátarochtana=2020-07-07|archivedate=2020-07-09|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200709231612/https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxonomydetail.aspx?id=877}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=1665 |teideal=Entity Display : Phaseolus coccineus |publisher=Ecoport.org |date= |accessdate=2018-02-28 |dátarochtana=2020-07-07 |archivedate=2013-01-12 |archiveurl=https://archive.today/20130112212032/http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=1665 }}</ref> |- | ''[[Phaseolus lunatus]]'' || Lima Bean || <ref>{{cite web|url=https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxonomydetail.aspx?id=879|teideal=GRIN #879|website=npgsweb.ars-grin.gov|dátarochtana=2020-07-07|archivedate=2020-07-11|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200711112734/https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxonomydetail.aspx?id=879}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=1666 |teideal=Entity Display : Phaseolus lunatus |publisher=Ecoport.org |date= |accessdate=2018-02-28 |dátarochtana=2020-07-07 |archivedate=2013-01-12 |archiveurl=https://archive.today/20130112160553/http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=1666 }}</ref> |- | ''[[Phaseolus vulgaris]]'' || Bean || <ref>{{cite web|url=https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxonomydetail.aspx?id=880|teideal=GRIN #880|website=npgsweb.ars-grin.gov|dátarochtana=2020-07-07|archivedate=2020-07-11|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200711201903/https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxonomydetail.aspx?id=880}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=1668 |teideal=Entity Display : Phaseolus vulgaris |publisher=Ecoport.org |date= |accessdate=2018-03-01 |dátarochtana=2020-07-07 |archivedate=2006-05-17 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060517191952/http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=1668 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/duke_energy/Phaseolus_vulgaris.html |teideal=Phaseolus vulgaris |publisher=Hort.purdue.edu |date=1998-01-07 |accessdate=2018-03-01}}</ref> |- | ''[[Phragmites australis]]'' || Common Reed || <ref>{{cite web |url=http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=8532 |teideal=Entity Display : Phragmites australis |publisher=Archive.is |date=2013-01-13 |accessdate=2018-02-28 |url-status=bot: unknown |archiveurl=https://archive.today/20130113024048/http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=8532 |archivedate=2013-01-13 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/duke_energy/Phragmites_australis.html |teideal=Duke |publisher=Hort.purdue.edu |date=1998-01-07 |accessdate=2018-02-28}}</ref> |- | ''[[Phyla scaberrima]]'' || Rough fogfruit || |- | ''[[Phyllanthus acidus]]''|| Star Gooseberry || |- | ''[[Phyllanthus emblica]]'' || Myrobalan || <ref>{{cite web|url=https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxonomydetail.aspx?id=884|teideal=GRIN #884|website=npgsweb.ars-grin.gov|dátarochtana=2020-07-07|archivedate=2020-07-11|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200711084151/https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxonomydetail.aspx?id=884}}</ref> |- | ''[[Phyteuma orbiculare]]'' || Round-headed rampion || |- | ''[[Phytolacca acinosa]]'' || Indian Pokeberry || <ref>{{cite web |url=http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=8565 |teideal=Entity Display : Phytolacca acinosa |publisher=Archive.is |accessdate=2018-02-28 |url-status=bot: unknown |archiveurl=https://archive.today/20130112153727/http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=8565 |archivedate=2013-01-12 }}</ref> |- | ''[[Phytolacca acinosa|Phytolacca acinosa var. esculenta]]'' || || |- | ''[[Phytolacca americana]]'' || American Pokeweed || Poisonous until properly prepared.<ref>http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/tax_search.pl?908{{dead link|date=February 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=8566 |teideal=Entity Display : Phytolacca americana |publisher=Archive.is |accessdate=2018-02-28 |url-status=bot: unknown |archiveurl=https://archive.today/20130113040303/http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=8566 |archivedate=2013-01-13 }}</ref> |- | ''[[Phytolacca dioica]]'' || Bella Sombra || <ref>{{cite web |url=http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=28399 |teideal=Entity Display : Phytolacca dioica |publisher=Ecoport.org |date= |accessdate=2018-02-28 |dátarochtana=2020-07-07 |archivedate=2013-01-12 |archiveurl=https://archive.today/20130112172006/http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=28399 }}</ref> |- | ''[[Phytolacca rivinoides]]'' || Deer calalu ||<ref>http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/tax_search.pl?909{{dead link|date=February 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=8570 |teideal=Entity Display : Phytolacca rivinoides |publisher=Ecoport.org |date= |accessdate=2018-02-28 |dátarochtana=2020-07-07 |archivedate=2020-07-09 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200709224549/http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=8570 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://foodplantsinternational.com/index.php?sec=plants&page=simple_info&plantid=12354&nocache=1 |teideal=Phytolacca rivinoides - Plant Information Sheet, Food Plants |publisher=Foodplantsinternational.com |date= |accessdate=2018-02-28 |dátarochtana=2020-07-07 |archivedate=2008-08-04 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080804225836/http://foodplantsinternational.com/index.php?sec=plants&page=simple_info&plantid=12354&nocache=1 }}</ref> |- | ''[[Pimpinella anisum]]'' || Aniseed ||<ref>http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/tax_search.pl?910{{dead link|date=February 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=8595 |teideal=Entity Display : Pimpinella anisum |publisher=Ecoport.org |date=2000-03-28 |accessdate=2018-02-28 |dátarochtana=2020-07-07 |archivedate=2012-07-09 |archiveurl=https://archive.today/20120709080229/http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=8595 }}</ref> |- | ''[[Pimpinella saxifraga]]'' || Burnet Saxifrage || <ref>{{cite web |url=http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=8596 |teideal=Entity Display : Pimpinella saxifraga |publisher=Ecoport.org |date=2000-07-07 |accessdate=2018-03-01 |dátarochtana=2020-07-07 |archivedate=2016-01-16 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160116105052/http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=8596 }}</ref> |- | ''[[Pinus densiflora]]'' || Japanese Red Pine ||<ref>http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/tax_search.pl?913{{dead link|date=February 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=78257 |teideal=Entity Display : Pinus densiflora |publisher=Archive.is |date=2012-07-07 |accessdate=2018-02-28 |url-status=bot: unknown |archiveurl=https://archive.today/20120707173924/http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=78257 |archivedate=2012-07-07 }}</ref> |- | ''[[Piper auritum]]'' || Mexican pepperleaf || Known as ''Hoja santa'' (holy leaf). Aromatic herb with a heart-shaped, velvety leaf often used in Mexican cuisine for [[tamales]] and sauces.<ref>{{Lua idirlín |url=http://www.zarela.com/2009/hoja-santa-piper-sanctum-or-piper-auritum/ |teideal=Cóip cartlainne |dátarochtana=2020-07-07 |archivedate=2011-09-11 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110911131416/http://www.zarela.com/2009/hoja-santa-piper-sanctum-or-piper-auritum/ }}</ref> |- | ''[[Piper guineense]]'' || West African pepper ||<ref>{{cite web |url=http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=8671 |teideal=Entity Display : Piper guineense |publisher=Archive.is |date=2012-07-10 |accessdate=2018-02-28 |url-status=bot: unknown |archiveurl=https://archive.today/20120710174648/http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=8671 |archivedate=2012-07-10 }}</ref> |- | ''[[Piper sarmentosum]]'' || Cha-phlu ||Popular in Thailand in [[Miang kham]]<ref>[http://www.auntymayyee.com/images/miankam.htm/ Pictures of the Miang kam preparation process] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110904170334/http://www.auntymayyee.com/images/miankam.htm/ |date=2011-09-04 }}</ref> |- | ''[[Pipturus argenteus]]'' || Queensland grass-cloth plant ||<ref>{{cite web |url=http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=1718 |teideal=Entity Display : Pipturus argenteus |publisher=Ecoport.org |date= |accessdate=2018-02-28 |dátarochtana=2020-07-07 |archivedate=2020-07-09 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200709232905/http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=1718 }}</ref> |- | ''[[Pisonia grandis]]'' || Tree lettuce ||The leaves are traditionally used as a leaf vegetable in some countries.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://anpsa.org.au/APOL5/mar97-2.html |teideal=Capricornia Cuisine: Bush Tucker in Central Queensland |publisher=Anpsa.org.au |date= |accessdate=2018-02-28 |dátarochtana=2020-07-07 |archivedate=2011-03-11 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110311211300/http://anpsa.org.au/APOL5/mar97-2.html }}</ref> Traditionally eaten by [[Maldivians]] in ''[[Mas huni]]''.<ref name="ReferenceB"/> |- | ''[[Pistacia chinensis]]'' || Chinese Pistache ||<ref>{{cite web|url=https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxonomydetail.aspx?id=923|teideal=GRIN #923|website=npgsweb.ars-grin.gov|dátarochtana=2020-07-07|archivedate=2020-07-11|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200711061242/https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxonomydetail.aspx?id=923}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=8689 |teideal=Entity Display : Pistacia chinensis |publisher=Ecoport.org |date= |accessdate=2018-02-28 |dátarochtana=2020-07-07 |archivedate=2012-07-12 |archiveurl=https://archive.today/20120712094728/http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=8689 }}</ref> |- | ''[[Pistacia terebinthus]]'' || Terebinth ||<ref>{{cite web|url=https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxonomydetail.aspx?id=924|teideal=GRIN #924|website=npgsweb.ars-grin.gov|dátarochtana=2020-07-07|archivedate=2020-07-09|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200709224501/https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxonomydetail.aspx?id=924}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=8693 |teideal=Entity Display : Pistacia terebinthus |publisher=Ecoport.org |date= |accessdate=2018-02-28 |dátarochtana=2020-07-07 |archivedate=2012-07-08 |archiveurl=https://archive.today/20120708133124/http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=8693 }}</ref> |- | ''[[Pistia stratiotes]]'' || Water Lettuce ||<ref>{{cite web |url=http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=8694 |teideal=Entity Display : Pistia stratiotes |date=2016-09-21 |accessdate=2018-02-28 |url-status=bot: unknown |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160921074325/http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=8694 |archivedate=2016-09-21 }}</ref> |- | ''[[Pisum sativum]]'' || Garden pea ||<ref>{{cite web|url=https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxonomydetail.aspx?id=926|teideal=GRIN #926|website=npgsweb.ars-grin.gov|dátarochtana=2020-07-07|archivedate=2020-07-09|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200709224508/https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxonomydetail.aspx?id=926}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=1721 |teideal=Entity Display : Pisum sativum |publisher=Archive.is |accessdate=2018-02-28 |url-status=bot: unknown |archiveurl=https://archive.today/20120714080130/http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=1721 |archivedate=2012-07-14 }}</ref> |- | ''[[Plantago coronopus]]'' || Buckshorn plantain || Some people may be allergic to this plant.<ref>[http://www.rainbowbridgeojai.com/ns/DisplayMonograph.asp?storeID=WMMW8T153XD69MUVA5VRJ5GVC35NC08F&DocID=buckshornplantain Buckshorn plantain (Plantago coronopus)] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120331163853/http://www.rainbowbridgeojai.com/ns/DisplayMonograph.asp?storeID=WMMW8T153XD69MUVA5VRJ5GVC35NC08F&DocID=buckshornplantain |date=March 31, 2012 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=8731 |teideal=Entity Display : Plantago coronopus |publisher=Ecoport.org |date= |accessdate=2018-02-28 |dátarochtana=2020-07-07 |archivedate=2020-07-09 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200709232831/http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=8731 }}</ref> |- | ''[[Plantago lanceolata]]'' || Long-leaved plantain ||<ref>{{cite web |url=http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=1732 |teideal=Entity Display : Plantago lanceolata |publisher=Archive.is |accessdate=2018-02-28 |url-status=bot: unknown |archiveurl=https://archive.today/20120709101328/http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=1732 |archivedate=2012-07-09 }}</ref> |- | ''[[Plantago major]]'' || Broad-leaved Plantain ||<ref>{{cite web |url=http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=1733 |teideal=Entity Display : Plantago major |publisher=Archive.is |date=2012-07-07 |accessdate=2018-02-28 |url-status=bot: unknown |archiveurl=https://archive.today/20120707151327/http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=1733 |archivedate=2012-07-07 }}</ref> |- | ''[[Plantago maritima]]'' || ||<ref>{{cite web |url=http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=227577 |teideal=Entity Display : Plantago maritima |publisher=Archive.is |date=2012-07-08 |accessdate=2018-02-28 |url-status=bot: unknown |archiveurl=https://archive.today/20120708014024/http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=227577 |archivedate=2012-07-08 }}</ref> |- | ''[[Pluchea indica]]'' || ||<ref>{{cite web |url=http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=1746 |teideal=Entity Display : Pluchea indica |publisher=Ecoport.org |date= |accessdate=2018-03-01 |dátarochtana=2020-07-07 |archivedate=2016-01-16 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160116105052/http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=1746 }}</ref> |- | ''[[Podophyllum hexandrum]]'' || Himalayan mayapple ||<ref>{{cite web |url=http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=8791 |teideal=Entity Display : Podophyllum hexandrum |publisher=Ecoport.org |date= |accessdate=2018-03-01 |dátarochtana=2020-07-07 |archivedate=2008-02-22 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080222115620/http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=8791 }}</ref> |- | ''[[Poliomintha incana]]'' || ||<ref>{{cite web |url=http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=228115 |teideal=Entity Display : Poliomintha incana |publisher=Archive.is |date=2012-07-07 |accessdate=2018-02-28 |url-status=bot: unknown |archiveurl=https://archive.today/20120707230527/http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=228115 |archivedate=2012-07-07 }}</ref> |- | ''[[Polygonum aviculare]]'' || Knotweed ||<ref>{{cite web |url=http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=8819 |teideal=Entity Display : Polygonum aviculare |publisher=Archive.is |date=2012-07-20 |accessdate=2018-02-28 |url-status=bot: unknown |archiveurl=https://archive.today/20120720130424/http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=8819 |archivedate=2012-07-20 }}</ref> |- | ''[[Polygonum bistorta]]'' || Bistort || <ref>{{cite web |url=http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=8821 |teideal=Entity Display : Polygonum bistorta |publisher=Ecoport.org |date=2000-07-11 |accessdate=2018-03-01 |dátarochtana=2020-07-07 |archivedate=2016-01-16 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160116105052/http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=8821 }}</ref> |- | ''[[Polygonum bistortoides]]'' || American Bistort || <ref>{{cite web |url=http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=16045 |teideal=Entity Display : Polygonum bistortoides |publisher=Archive.is |date=2013-01-12 |accessdate=2018-02-28 |url-status=bot: unknown |archiveurl=https://archive.today/20130112170326/http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=16045 |archivedate=2013-01-12 }}</ref> |- | ''[[Polygonum punctatum]]'' || || |- | ''[[Polygonum viviparum]]'' || Alpine bistort || <ref>{{cite web |url=http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=228317 |teideal=Entity Display : Polygonum viviparum |publisher=Archive.is |date=2013-01-12 |accessdate=2018-02-28 |url-status=bot: unknown |archiveurl=https://archive.today/20130112211347/http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=228317 |archivedate=2013-01-12 }}</ref> |- | ''[[Poncirus trifoliata]]'' || Trifoliate orange || <ref>{{cite web |url=http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=1780 |teideal=Entity Display : Poncirus trifoliata |publisher=Archive.is |date=2013-01-12 |accessdate=2018-02-28 |url-status=bot: unknown |archiveurl=https://archive.today/20130112205632/http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=1780 |archivedate=2013-01-12 }}</ref> |- | ''[[Pontederia cordata]]'' || || <ref>{{cite web |url=http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=16098 |teideal=Entity Display : Pontederia cordata |publisher=Archive.is |accessdate=2018-02-28 |url-status=bot: unknown |archiveurl=https://archive.today/20130112173133/http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=16098 |archivedate=2013-01-12 }}</ref> |- | [[Portulaca oleracea]] || Common purslane ||Popular in Greek cuisine<ref>{{cite web|url=https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxonomydetail.aspx?id=941|teideal=GRIN #941|website=npgsweb.ars-grin.gov|dátarochtana=2020-07-07|archivedate=2020-07-09|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200709232217/https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxonomydetail.aspx?id=941}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=1784 |teideal=Entity Display : Portulaca oleracea L |publisher=Ecoport.org |date=2005-11-11 |accessdate=2018-02-28 |dátarochtana=2020-07-07 |archivedate=2020-07-11 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200711084156/http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=1784 }}</ref> |- | ''[[Portulaca pilosa]]'' || || |- | ''[[Portulacaria afra]]'' || Elephant Bush || |- | ''[[Primula veris]]'' || Cowslip || <ref>{{cite web|url=https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxonomydetail.aspx?id=952|teideal=GRIN #952|website=npgsweb.ars-grin.gov|dátarochtana=2020-07-07|archivedate=2020-07-09|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200709224502/https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxonomydetail.aspx?id=952}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=8933 |teideal=Entity Display : Primula veris |publisher=Ecoport.org |date=2000-07-12 |accessdate=2018-02-28 |dátarochtana=2020-07-07 |archivedate=2020-07-17 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200717002415/http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=8933 }}</ref> |- | ''[[Primula vulgaris]]'' || Primrose || <ref>{{cite web |url=http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=8934 |teideal=Entity Display : Primula vulgaris |publisher=Archive.is |date=2013-01-12 |accessdate=2018-02-28 |url-status=bot: unknown |archiveurl=https://archive.today/20130112222128/http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=8934 |archivedate=2013-01-12 }}</ref> |- | ''[[Pringlea antiscorbutica]]'' || Kerguelen cabbage || Its leaves contain a Vitamin C-rich oil, a fact which, in the days of sailing ships, made it very attractive to British sailors suffering from [[scurvy]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.btinternet.com/~sa_sa/kerguelen/kerguelen_cabbage.html |teideal=Kerguelen cabbage |archiveurl=https://archive.today/20120529193515/http://www.btinternet.com/~sa_sa/kerguelen/kerguelen_cabbage.html |archivedate=2012-05-29 |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- | ''[[Prosopis spicegera]]'' || || |- | ''[[Prunella vulgaris]]'' || || <ref>{{cite web |url=http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=3944 |teideal=Entity Display : Prunella vulgaris |publisher=Ecoport.org |date=2000-12-19 |accessdate=2018-02-28 |dátarochtana=2020-07-07 |archivedate=2013-01-12 |archiveurl=https://archive.today/20130112192535/http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=3944 }}</ref> |- | ''[[Psoralea esculenta]]'' || Prairie turnip ||The prairie turnip is a legume that was often used by American Indians located in the Great Plains. Roots of the legumes provide a valuable source of protein, minerals, and carbohydrates. Most turnips have white skin and the portion of the plant that is seen above the ground is purple, red, or green in color. The root below the surface is known as the taproot and is usually around 5-20 centimeters in diameter.<ref>{{cite journal|author=Stahnke, April, Michelle Hayes, Karen Meyer, Karla Witt, Jeanna Weideman, Anne Fernando, Rhoda Burrows, and Reese Neil.|teideal=Prairie Turnip|journal=Native Plants Journal (Indiana University Press)|year=2008|volume=9|issue=1}}</ref> |- | ''[[Pteris ensiformis]]'' || || |- | ''[[Ptychosperma elegans]]'' || || |- | ''[[Pulicaria odora]]'' || || |- | ''[[Pulmonaria officinalis]]'' || Lungwort || <ref>{{cite web |url=http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=9068 |teideal=Entity Display : Pulmonaria officinalis |publisher=Archive.is |accessdate=2018-02-28 |url-status=bot: unknown |archiveurl=https://archive.today/20130113121511/http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=9068 |archivedate=2013-01-13 }}</ref> |- | ''[[Puya caerulea]]'' || || |- | ''[[Puya chilensis]]'' || || <ref>{{cite web |url=http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=16254 |teideal=Entity Display : Puya chilensis |publisher=Archive.is |date=2013-01-12 |accessdate=2018-02-28 |url-status=bot: unknown |archiveurl=https://archive.today/20130112184639/http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=16254 |archivedate=2013-01-12 }}</ref> |- | ''[[Pyrus betulaefolia]]'' || Birch-Leaved Pear || |- | ''[[Ranunculus ficaria]]'' || Lesser celandine || <ref>{{cite web |url=http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=9161 |teideal=Entity Display : Ranunculus ficaria |publisher=Ecoport.org |date= |accessdate=2018-02-28 |dátarochtana=2020-07-07 |archivedate=2020-07-17 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200717002420/http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=9161 }}</ref> |- | ''[[Raphanus raphanistrum]]'' || Wild radish || <ref>{{cite web |url=http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=9169 |teideal=Entity Display : Raphanus raphanistrum |publisher=Archive.is |date=2013-01-13 |accessdate=2018-02-28 |url-status=bot: unknown |archiveurl=https://archive.today/20130113141918/http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=9169 |archivedate=2013-01-13 }}</ref> |- | ''[[Raphanus raphanistrum|Raphanus raphanistrum ssp. landra]]'' || || |- | ''[[Raphanus raphanistrum|Raphanus raphanistrum ssp. maritimus]]'' || || |- | ''[[Raphanus sativus]]'' || Radish || <ref>{{cite web|url=https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxonomydetail.aspx?id=1014|teideal=GRIN #1014|website=npgsweb.ars-grin.gov|dátarochtana=2020-07-07|archivedate=2020-07-09|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200709231630/https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxonomydetail.aspx?id=1014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=1839 |teideal=Entity Display : Raphanus sativus Bailey |publisher=Ecoport.org |date= |accessdate=2018-02-28 |dátarochtana=2020-07-07 |archivedate=2013-01-13 |archiveurl=https://archive.today/20130113000619/http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=1839 }}</ref> |- | ''[[Raphanus sativus|Raphanus sativus var. longipinnatus]]'' || Chinese radish || |- | ''[[Raphia hookeri]]'' || Raffia palm || <ref>{{cite web|url=https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxonomydetail.aspx?id=1015|teideal=GRIN #1015|website=npgsweb.ars-grin.gov|dátarochtana=2020-07-07|archivedate=2020-07-09|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200709224503/https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxonomydetail.aspx?id=1015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=9175 |teideal=Entity Display : Raphia hookeri |publisher=Ecoport.org |date= |accessdate=2018-02-28 |dátarochtana=2020-07-07 |archivedate=2020-07-17 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200717001755/http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=9175 }}</ref> |- | ''[[Reichardia picroides]]'' || French Scorzonera || <ref>{{cite web |url=http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=9193 |teideal=Entity Display : Reichardia picroides |publisher=Ecoport.org |date= |accessdate=2018-02-28 |dátarochtana=2020-07-07 |archivedate=2013-01-12 |archiveurl=https://archive.today/20130112200407/http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=9193 }}</ref> |- | ''[[Rhamnus dahurica]]'' || || |- | ''[[Rheum rhabarbarum]]'' || || |- | ''[[Rheum tataricum]]'' || || |- | ''[[Rhexia virginica]]'' || Meadow beauty || <ref>{{cite web |url=http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=230249 |teideal=Entity Display : Rhexia virginica |publisher=Ecoport.org |date= |accessdate=2018-02-28 |dátarochtana=2020-07-07 |archivedate=2020-07-17 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200717002155/http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=230249 }}</ref> |- | ''[[Rhodiola rosea]]'' || Roseroot || <ref>{{cite web |url=http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=230348 |teideal=Entity Display : Rhodiola rosea |publisher=Ecoport.org |date=2003-03-17 |accessdate=2018-02-28 |dátarochtana=2020-07-07 |archivedate=2020-07-17 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200717002200/http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=230348 }}</ref> |- | ''[[Rhododendron arboreum]]'' || || <ref>{{cite web |url=http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=9238 |teideal=Entity Display : Rhododendron arboreum |publisher=Ecoport.org |date= |accessdate=2018-02-28 |dátarochtana=2020-07-07 |archivedate=2020-07-17 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200717001800/http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=9238 }}</ref> |- | ''[[Rhopalostylis sapida]]'' || Nikau || |- | ''[[Ribes cereum]]'' || || <ref>{{cite web |url=http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=16382 |teideal=Entity Display : Ribes cereum |publisher=Ecoport.org |date= |accessdate=2018-02-28 |dátarochtana=2020-07-07 |archivedate=2013-01-12 |archiveurl=https://archive.today/20130112172744/http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=16382 }}</ref> |- | ''[[Ribes divaricatum]]'' || || <ref>{{cite web |url=http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=78379 |teideal=Entity Display : Ribes divaricatum |publisher=Archive.is |date=2013-01-12 |accessdate=2018-02-28 |url-status=bot: unknown |archiveurl=https://archive.today/20130112203432/http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=78379 |archivedate=2013-01-12 }}</ref> |- | ''[[Ribes nigrum]]'' || Blackcurrant || <ref>{{cite web|url=https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxonomydetail.aspx?id=1029|teideal=GRIN #1029|website=npgsweb.ars-grin.gov|dátarochtana=2020-07-07|archivedate=2020-07-09|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200709224514/https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxonomydetail.aspx?id=1029}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=9282 |teideal=Entity Display : Ribes nigrum |publisher=Ecoport.org |date= |accessdate=2018-02-28 |dátarochtana=2020-07-07 |archivedate=2013-01-12 |archiveurl=https://archive.today/20130112214453/http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=9282 }}</ref> |- | ''[[Ribes odoratum]]'' || || <ref>{{cite web |url=http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=9283 |teideal=Entity Display : Ribes odoratum |publisher=Archive.is |date=2013-01-13 |accessdate=2018-02-28 |url-status=bot: unknown |archiveurl=https://archive.today/20130113005339/http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=9283 |archivedate=2013-01-13 }}</ref> |- | ''[[Rorippa indica]]'' || ||<ref>{{cite web |url=http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=9305 |teideal=Entity Display : Rorippa indica |publisher=Ecoport.org |date= |accessdate=2018-02-28 |dátarochtana=2020-07-07 |archivedate=2012-07-12 |archiveurl=https://archive.today/20120712063850/http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=9305 }}</ref> |- | ''[[Rorippa islandica]]'' || || |- | ''[[Rosa multiflora]]'' || Seven Sisters Rose ||<ref>{{cite web |url=http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=9319 |teideal=Entity Display : Rosa multiflora |publisher=Archive.is |date=2012-07-12 |accessdate=2018-02-28 |url-status=bot: unknown |archiveurl=https://archive.today/20120712034201/http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=9319 |archivedate=2012-07-12 }}</ref> |- | ''[[Roystonea elata]]'' || || |- | ''[[Roystonea oleracea]]'' || || |- | ''[[Rubus rosaefolius]]'' || ||<ref>{{cite web |url=http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=9384 |teideal=Entity Display : Rubus rosaefolius |publisher=Archive.is |date=2012-07-08 |accessdate=2018-02-28 |url-status=bot: unknown |archiveurl=https://archive.today/20120708173837/http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=9384 |archivedate=2012-07-08 }}</ref> |- | ''[[Rumex acetosa]]'' || Sorrel || Many species of Rumex are edible, but they contain a relatively high proportion of [[oxalic acid]]. Raw leaves should be eaten sparingly and leaves should preferably be used after boiling and disposing of the water.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxonomydetail.aspx?id=1070|teideal=GRIN #1070|website=npgsweb.ars-grin.gov|dátarochtana=2020-07-07|archivedate=2020-07-12|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200712233759/https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxonomydetail.aspx?id=1070}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=9398 |teideal=Entity Display : Rumex acetosa |publisher=Archive.is |accessdate=2018-02-28 |url-status=bot: unknown |archiveurl=https://archive.today/20120708015523/http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=9398 |archivedate=2012-07-08 }}</ref> |- | ''[[Salicornia europaea]]'' || Glasswort ||Glasswort is a leafless plant with jointed stems that are a light green color in the summer and a red color in the fall. There are very small flowers within the segmented portions of the plant. The plant is found in coastal salt marshes and alkaline soils within south Nova Scotia and Eastern and central North America. The stems have a salty flavor and can be harvested to be used in salads, as a puree, or as a pickled condiment.<ref>{{cite book|last=Peterson|first=Lee|teideal=Edible Wild Plants|year=1977|publisher=Houghton Mifflin Company|location=New York|isbn=0-395-31870-X|page=146}} [https://books.google.com/books?id=ce1G-Nr9pVoC&printsec=frontcover Google preview of alternate edition 978-0-395-92622-2]</ref> |- | ''[[Salix babylonica]]'' || Weeping Willow || <ref>{{cite web|url=http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=1892|teideal=Entity Display : Salix babylonica L.|website=ecoport.org|dátarochtana=2020-07-07|archivedate=2006-05-26|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060526064141/http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=1892}}</ref> |- | ''[[Salix daphnoides]]'' || ||<ref>{{cite web |url=http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=78426 |teideal=Entity Display : Salix daphnoides |publisher=Archive.is |date=2012-07-08 |accessdate=2018-02-28 |url-status=bot: unknown |archiveurl=https://archive.today/20120708120847/http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=78426 |archivedate=2012-07-08 }}</ref> |- | ''[[Salix gracilistyla]]'' || Rosegold pussy willow || |- | ''[[Salsola kali]]'' || Saltwort || <ref>{{cite web |url=http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=9497 |teideal=Entity Display : Salsola kali |publisher=Archive.is |date=2013-01-13 |accessdate=2018-02-28 |url-status=bot: unknown |archiveurl=https://archive.today/20130113072906/http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=9497 |archivedate=2013-01-13 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/duke_energy/Salsola_kali.html |teideal=Duke |publisher=Hort.purdue.edu |date=1998-01-09 |accessdate=2018-02-28}}</ref> |- | ''[[Salsola komarovii]]'' || Land Seaweed || |- | ''[[Salsola soda]]'' || Opposite leaved saltwort || <ref>{{cite web |url=http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=9502 |teideal=Entity Display : Salsola soda |publisher=Archive.is |date=2013-01-12 |accessdate=2018-02-28 |url-status=bot: unknown |archiveurl=https://archive.today/20130112174702/http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=9502 |archivedate=2013-01-12 }}</ref> |- | ''[[Salvadora persica]]'' || Toothbrush tree || <ref>{{cite web |url=http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=9506 |teideal=Entity Display : Salvadora persica |publisher=Archive.is |date=2013-01-12 |accessdate=2018-02-28 |url-status=bot: unknown |archiveurl=https://archive.today/20130112191509/http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=9506 |archivedate=2013-01-12 }}</ref> |- | ''[[Sambucus javanica]]'' || || <ref>{{cite web |url=http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=16592 |teideal=Entity Display : Sambucus javanica |publisher=Archive.is |date=2013-01-12 |accessdate=2018-02-28 |url-status=bot: unknown |archiveurl=https://archive.today/20130112180518/http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=16592 |archivedate=2013-01-12 }}</ref> |- | ''[[Sambucus sieboldiana]]'' || || <ref>{{cite web |url=http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=78443 |teideal=Entity Display : Sambucus sieboldiana |publisher=Archive.is |date=2013-01-12 |accessdate=2018-02-28 |url-status=bot: unknown |archiveurl=https://archive.today/20130112183744/http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=78443 |archivedate=2013-01-12 }}</ref> |- | ''[[Sanguisorba canadensis]]'' || || <ref>{{cite web |url=http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=9534 |teideal=Entity Display : Sanguisorba canadensis |publisher=Archive.is |date=2013-01-12 |accessdate=2018-02-28 |url-status=bot: unknown |archiveurl=https://archive.today/20130112163129/http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=9534 |archivedate=2013-01-12 }}</ref> |- | ''[[Sanguisorba minor]]'' || Salad Burnet || <ref>{{cite web |url=http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=9535 |teideal=Entity Display : Sanguisorba minor |publisher=Archive.is |date=2013-01-12 |accessdate=2018-02-28 |url-status=bot: unknown |archiveurl=https://archive.today/20130112185924/http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=9535 |archivedate=2013-01-12 }}</ref> |- | ''[[Sanguisorba officinalis]]'' || Great Burnet || |- | ''[[Sassafras albidum]]'' || Sassafras || <ref>{{cite web |url=http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=9581 |teideal=Entity Display : Sassafras albidum |publisher=Archive.is |date=2013-01-13 |accessdate=2018-02-28 |url-status=bot: unknown |archiveurl=https://archive.today/20130113030942/http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=9581 |archivedate=2013-01-13 }}</ref> |- | ''[[Sauropus androgynus]]'' || ''Katuk'' || A traditional vegetable in some tropical countries that should be consumed in moderate quantities due to the presence of [[papaverine]]<ref>[http://www.mendeley.com/research/nutrive-value-sauropus-androgynus-leaves-3/ Nutritive value of Sauropus androgynus leaves] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111127174347/http://www.mendeley.com/research/nutrive-value-sauropus-androgynus-leaves-3/ |date=November 27, 2011 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxonomydetail.aspx?id=1095|teideal=GRIN #1095|website=npgsweb.ars-grin.gov|dátarochtana=2020-07-07|archivedate=2020-07-11|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200711125752/https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxonomydetail.aspx?id=1095}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=9593 |teideal=Entity Display : Sauropus androgynus |publisher=Archive.is |date=2013-01-12 |accessdate=2018-02-28 |url-status=bot: unknown |archiveurl=https://archive.today/20130112211227/http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=9593 |archivedate=2013-01-12 }}</ref> |- | ''[[Saxifraga pensylvanica]]'' || Eastern Swamp Saxifrage || The [[Cherokee]] traditionally ate the leaves raw as greens<ref>Daniel E. Moerman, ''Native American Food Plants: An Ethnobotanical Dictionary''</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=231997 |teideal=Entity Display : Saxifraga pensylvanica |publisher=Archive.is |date=2013-01-12 |accessdate=2018-02-28 |url-status=bot: unknown |archiveurl=https://archive.today/20130112205643/http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=231997 |archivedate=2013-01-12 }}</ref> |- | ''[[Saxifraga stolonifera]]'' || Creeping Rockfoil || Occasionally used fresh or cooked in Japanese cuisine<ref>{{cite web |url=http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=232010 |teideal=Entity Display : Saxifraga stolonifera |publisher=Archive.is |date=2013-01-12 |accessdate=2018-02-28 |url-status=bot: unknown |archiveurl=https://archive.today/20130112221151/http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=232010 |archivedate=2013-01-12 }}</ref> |- | ''[[Schleichera oleosa]]'' || || <ref>{{cite web|url=https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxonomydetail.aspx?id=1098|teideal=GRIN #1098|website=npgsweb.ars-grin.gov|dátarochtana=2020-07-07|archivedate=2020-07-09|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200709231614/https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxonomydetail.aspx?id=1098}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=9621 |teideal=Entity Display : Schleichera oleosa (Lour.) Oken |publisher=Archive.is |date=2013-01-12 |accessdate=2018-02-28 |url-status=bot: unknown |archiveurl=https://archive.today/20130112205941/http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=9621 |archivedate=2013-01-12 }}</ref> |- | ''[[Scolymus hispanicus]]'' || ''Tagarnina'' || Edible thistle. Popular in Southern Spanish cuisine <ref name="ecoport4">{{cite web |url=http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=9652 |teideal=Entity Display : Scolymus maculatus |publisher=Archive.is |date=2013-01-12 |accessdate=2018-02-28 |url-status=bot: unknown |archiveurl=https://archive.today/20130112173205/http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=9652 |archivedate=2013-01-12 }}</ref> |- | ''[[Scolymus maculatus]]'' || Spotted golden thistle || <ref name="ecoport4"/> |- | ''[[Scorzonera hispanica]]'' || Scorzonera ||<ref>{{cite web|url=https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxonomydetail.aspx?id=1101|teideal=GRIN #1101|website=npgsweb.ars-grin.gov|dátarochtana=2020-07-07|archivedate=2020-07-09|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200709224507/https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxonomydetail.aspx?id=1101}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=9656 |teideal=Entity Display : Scorzonera hispanica |publisher=Archive.is |date=2012-07-07 |accessdate=2018-02-28 |url-status=bot: unknown |archiveurl=https://archive.today/20120707231150/http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=9656 |archivedate=2012-07-07 }}</ref> |- | ''[[Scutellaria baicalensis]]'' || Baikal Skullcap ||<ref>{{cite web |url=http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=9661 |teideal=Entity Display : Scutellaria baicalensis |publisher=Archive.is |date=2012-07-12 |accessdate=2018-02-28 |url-status=bot: unknown |archiveurl=https://archive.today/20120712160927/http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=9661 |archivedate=2012-07-12 }}</ref> |- | ''[[Sechium edule]]'' || Chayote ||<ref>{{cite web|url=https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxonomydetail.aspx?id=1104|teideal=GRIN #1104|website=npgsweb.ars-grin.gov|dátarochtana=2020-07-07|archivedate=2020-08-03|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200803080802/https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxonomydetail.aspx?id=1104}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=1930 |teideal=Entity Display : Sechium edule |publisher=Archive.is |date=2012-07-16 |accessdate=2018-02-28 |url-status=bot: unknown |archiveurl=https://archive.today/20120716091247/http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=1930 |archivedate=2012-07-16 }}</ref> |- | ''[[Sedum anacampseros]]'' || Love-restorer || All stonecrops (''Sedum'') are edible, but are generally mediocre food.<ref>[http://food.oregonstate.edu/glossary/s/splant86.html Sedum Anacampseros, Evergreen Orpine - Food Resource] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111127180700/http://food.oregonstate.edu/glossary/s/splant86.html |date=November 27, 2011 }}</ref> |- | ''[[Sedum divergens]]'' || Spreading stonecrop || Traditional salad vegetable of the [[Haida people|Haida]] and the [[Nisga'a]] people of Northwest [[British Columbia]].<ref>{{cite web|first1=Jim |last1=Pojar |first2=Andy |last2=MacKinnon |teideal=Plants of Coastal British Columbia, including Washington, Oregon, & Alaska |year=2004 |page=156 |url=http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=16727 |work=ecoport.org |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160116105052/http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=16727 |archivedate=2016-01-16 }}</ref> |- | ''[[Sedum reflexum]]'' || Jenny's stonecrop || Occasionally used as a [[salad leaf]] or [[herb]] in [[Europe]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.pfaf.org/database/plants.php?Sedum+rupestre |teideal=''Sedum rupestre'' - L. Crooked Yellow Stonecrop |publisher=Plants for a Future |accessdate=2010-04-28}}</ref> |- | ''[[Rhodiola rhodantha|Sedum rhodanthum]]'' || Rose crown ||<ref>{{cite web|url=http://montana.plant-life.org/species/sedum_rhodant.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040828113927/http://montana.plant-life.org/species/sedum_rhodant.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=28 August 2004|teideal=Rosecrown - Sedum rhodanthum|author=|date=28 August 2004}}</ref> |- | ''[[Hylotelephium telephium|Sedum telephium]]'' || Livelong ||<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=16727|teideal=Entity Display : Sedum telephium|website=ecoport.org|dátarochtana=2020-07-07|archivedate=2016-01-16|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160116105052/http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=16727}}</ref> |- | ''[[Senna occidentalis]]'' || ''Digutiyara'' ||Traditionally eaten in the [[Maldives]] in ''[[Mas huni]]''. Leaves are finely chopped.<ref name="ReferenceB"/> |- | ''[[Senna siamea]]'' || Cassod Tree ||Used in Thai cuisine in a curry named ''Kaeng khilek''. Leaves are boiled and strained and the water discarded.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.papamenu.com/?p=385 |teideal=แกงขี้เหล็ก - ''Kaeng khilek'' |publisher=Papamenu.com |date= |accessdate=2018-02-28 |dátarochtana=2020-07-07 |archivedate=2018-06-18 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180618052550/http://www.papamenu.com/?p=385 }}</ref> |- | ''[[Sesamum alatum]]'' || Sésame de gazelle || Eaten in dry regions of Africa like [[Chad]] as a vegetable. Considered as [[famine food]] in some areas<ref>[http://www.prota.org/uk/Publications/PROTA+2.htm G. J. H. Grubben, ''Vegetables'', Plant Resources of Tropical Africa] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100516142552/http://www.prota.org/uk/Publications/PROTA%2B2.htm |date=May 16, 2010 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxonomydetail.aspx?id=1110|teideal=GRIN #1110|website=npgsweb.ars-grin.gov|dátarochtana=2020-07-07|archivedate=2020-07-11|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200711201728/https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxonomydetail.aspx?id=1110}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=9704 |teideal=Entity Display : Sesamum alatum |publisher=Archive.is |date=2012-07-12 |accessdate=2018-02-28 |url-status=bot: unknown |archiveurl=https://archive.today/20120712193029/http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=9704 |archivedate=2012-07-12 }}</ref> |- | ''[[Sesamum indicum]]'' || Sesame ||<ref>{{cite web|url=https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxonomydetail.aspx?id=1111|teideal=GRIN #1111|website=npgsweb.ars-grin.gov|dátarochtana=2020-07-07|archivedate=2020-07-10|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200710000335/https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxonomydetail.aspx?id=1111}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=1937|teideal=Entity Display : Sesamum indicum L.|website=ecoport.org|dátarochtana=2020-07-07|archivedate=2006-05-04|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060504083616/http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=1937}}</ref> |- | ''[[Sesamum radiatum]]'' || Benniseed ||Fresh leaves and young shoots are a popular leafy vegetable in Africa<ref>{{cite web|url=https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxonomydetail.aspx?id=1113|teideal=GRIN #1113|website=npgsweb.ars-grin.gov|dátarochtana=2020-07-07|archivedate=2020-08-03|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200803183129/https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxonomydetail.aspx?id=1113}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=9708 |teideal=Entity Display : Sesamum radiatum |publisher=Archive.is |date=2012-07-16 |accessdate=2018-02-28 |url-status=bot: unknown |archiveurl=https://archive.today/20120716132341/http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=9708 |archivedate=2012-07-16 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://database.prota.org/dbtw-wpd/exec/dbtwpub.dll?AC=QBE_QUERY&BU=http://database.prota.org/search.htm&TN=PROTAB~1&QB0=AND&QF0=Species+Code&QI0=Sesamum+radiatum&RF=Webdisplay |teideal=PROTA |publisher=Database.prota.org |date= |accessdate=2018-02-28 |dátarochtana=2020-07-07 |archivedate=2018-03-01 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180301044923/http://database.prota.org/dbtw-wpd/exec/dbtwpub.dll?AC=QBE_QUERY&BU=http://database.prota.org/search.htm&TN=PROTAB~1&QB0=AND&QF0=Species+Code&QI0=Sesamum+radiatum&RF=Webdisplay }}</ref> |- | ''[[Sesbania grandiflora]]'' || West Indian pea ||<ref>{{cite web|url=https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxonomydetail.aspx?id=1114|teideal=GRIN #1114|website=npgsweb.ars-grin.gov|dátarochtana=2020-07-07|archivedate=2020-07-12|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200712220320/https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxonomydetail.aspx?id=1114}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=1938 |teideal=Entity Display : Sesbania grandiflora |publisher=Archive.is |date=2012-07-13 |accessdate=2018-02-28 |url-status=bot: unknown |archiveurl=https://archive.today/20120713142511/http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=1938 |archivedate=2012-07-13 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/duke_energy/Sesbania_grandiflora.html |teideal=Duke |publisher=Hort.purdue.edu |date=1998-01-09 |accessdate=2018-02-28}}</ref> |- | ''[[Sesbania sesban]]'' || Sesban ||<ref>{{cite web |url=http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=9722 |teideal=Entity Display : Sesbania sesban |publisher=Archive.is |date=2012-07-18 |accessdate=2018-02-28 |url-status=bot: unknown |archiveurl=https://archive.today/20120718112301/http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=9722 |archivedate=2012-07-18 }}</ref> |- | ''[[Sesuvium portulacastrum]]'' || Sea Purselane ||<ref>{{cite web |url=http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=9728 |teideal=Entity Display : Sesuvium portulacastrum |publisher=Archive.is |date=2012-07-07 |accessdate=2018-02-28 |url-status=bot: unknown |archiveurl=https://archive.today/20120707233357/http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=9728 |archivedate=2012-07-07 }}</ref> |- | ''[[Setaria palmifolia]]'' || Palm-grass || <ref>{{cite web|url=https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxonomydetail.aspx?id=1116|teideal=GRIN #1116|website=npgsweb.ars-grin.gov|dátarochtana=2020-07-07|archivedate=2020-07-09|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200709231631/https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxonomydetail.aspx?id=1116}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=1945 |teideal=Entity Display : Setaria palmifolia |publisher=Archive.is |date=2013-01-12 |accessdate=2018-02-28 |url-status=bot: unknown |archiveurl=https://archive.today/20130112182545/http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=1945 |archivedate=2013-01-12 }}</ref> |- | ''[[Sicyos angulatus]]'' || || <ref>{{cite web |url=http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=9754 |teideal=Entity Display : Sicyos angulatus |publisher=Archive.is |date=2013-01-12 |accessdate=2018-02-28 |url-status=bot: unknown |archiveurl=https://archive.today/20130112210259/http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=9754 |archivedate=2013-01-12 }}</ref> |- | ''[[Sida rhombifolia]]'' || Arrowleaf sida || |- | ''[[Sidalcea neomexicana]]'' || || |- | ''[[Silaum silaus]]'' || Pepper saxifrage || Despite the name, it is neither a [[saxifrage]] nor peppery in taste<ref name="emorsgate">{{cite web|url=http://wildseed.co.uk/species/view/126|teideal=''Silaum silaus'' – Pepper Saxifrage|publisher=Emorsgate Seeds|accessdate=29 October 2013|dátarochtana=7 Iúil 2020|archivedate=1 Samhain 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131101003106/http://wildseed.co.uk/species/view/126}}</ref> |- | ''[[Silene acaulis]]'' || Moss campion || <ref>{{cite web |url=http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=16873 |teideal=Entity Display : Silene acaulis |publisher=Archive.is |date=2013-01-12 |accessdate=2018-02-28 |url-status=bot: unknown |archiveurl=https://archive.today/20130112203716/http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=16873 |archivedate=2013-01-12 }}</ref> |- | ''[[Silene vulgaris]]'' || Bladder Campion || ''Collejas''; a traditional green in [[Manchego cuisine]], Spain<ref>{{cite web|url=https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxonomydetail.aspx?id=1120|teideal=GRIN #1120|website=npgsweb.ars-grin.gov|dátarochtana=2020-07-07|archivedate=2020-07-11|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200711112732/https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxonomydetail.aspx?id=1120}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=9780 |teideal=Entity Display : Silene vulgaris |publisher=Archive.is |date=2012-07-12 |accessdate=2018-02-28 |url-status=bot: unknown |archiveurl=https://archive.today/20120712121934/http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=9780 |archivedate=2012-07-12 }}</ref> |- | ''[[Silybum marianum]]'' || Blessed milk thistle || <ref>{{cite web |url=http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=9784 |teideal=Entity Display : Silybum marianum |publisher=Archive.is |date=2013-01-12 |accessdate=2018-02-28 |url-status=bot: unknown |archiveurl=https://archive.today/20130112232302/http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=9784 |archivedate=2013-01-12 }}</ref> |- | ''[[Sinapis alba]]'' || White Mustard || <ref>{{cite web |url=http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=9787 |teideal=Entity Display : Sinapis alba |publisher=Archive.is |accessdate=2018-02-28 |url-status=bot: unknown |archiveurl=https://archive.today/20130113004757/http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=9787 |archivedate=2013-01-13 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/duke_energy/Sinapis_alba.html |teideal=Duke |publisher=Hort.purdue.edu |date=1998-01-09 |accessdate=2018-02-28}}</ref> |- | ''[[Sinapis arvensis]]'' || Charlock || <ref>{{cite web |url=http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=9788 |teideal=Entity Display : Sinapis arvensis |publisher=Archive.is |date=2013-01-12 |accessdate=2018-02-28 |url-status=bot: unknown |archiveurl=https://archive.today/20130112185014/http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=9788 |archivedate=2013-01-12 }}</ref> |- | ''[[Sisymbrium altissimum]]'' || || <ref>{{cite web |url=http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=9794 |teideal=Entity Display : Sisymbrium altissimum |publisher=Archive.is |date=2013-01-12 |accessdate=2018-02-28 |url-status=bot: unknown |archiveurl=https://archive.today/20130112204213/http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=9794 |archivedate=2013-01-12 }}</ref> |- | ''[[Sisymbrium crassifolium]]'' || || <ref>{{cite web |url=http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=11300 |teideal=Entity Display : Sisymbrium crassifolium |publisher=Archive.is |date=2013-01-12 |accessdate=2018-02-28 |url-status=bot: unknown |archiveurl=https://archive.today/20130112202706/http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=11300 |archivedate=2013-01-12 }}</ref> |- | ''[[Sisymbrium irio]]'' || London rocket || |- | ''[[Sisymbrium officinale]]'' || Hedge mustard || <ref>{{cite web |url=http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=9797 |teideal=Entity Display : Sisymbrium officinale |publisher=Archive.is |accessdate=2018-02-28 |url-status=bot: unknown |archiveurl=https://archive.today/20130112183257/http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=9797 |archivedate=2013-01-12 }}</ref> |- | ''[[Sium cicutaefolium]]'' || || |- | ''[[Smyrnium olusatrum]]'' || Alexanders || <ref>{{cite web |url=http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=9823 |teideal=Entity Display : Smyrnium olusatrum |publisher=Archive.is |date=2013-01-12 |accessdate=2018-02-28 |url-status=bot: unknown |archiveurl=https://archive.today/20130112172845/http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=9823 |archivedate=2013-01-12 }}</ref> |- | ''[[Solenostemon rotundifolius]]'' || Chinese potato || <ref>{{cite web|url=https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxonomydetail.aspx?id=70741|teideal=GRIN #70741|website=npgsweb.ars-grin.gov|dátarochtana=2020-07-07|archivedate=2020-07-10|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200710034220/https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxonomydetail.aspx?id=70741}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=9922|teideal=Entity Display : Solenostemon rotundifolius|website=ecoport.org|dátarochtana=2020-07-07|archivedate=2006-05-22|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060522022215/http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=9922}}</ref> |- | ''[[Solidago missouriensis]]'' || || <ref>{{cite web |url=http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=16978 |teideal=Entity Display : Solidago missouriensis |publisher=Archive.is |date=2013-01-12 |accessdate=2018-02-28 |url-status=bot: unknown |archiveurl=https://archive.today/20130112200004/http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=16978 |archivedate=2013-01-12 }}</ref> |- | ''[[Sonchus arvensis]]'' || Field sow-thistle || <ref>{{cite web |url=http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=9930 |teideal=Entity Display : Sonchus arvensis |publisher=Archive.is |date=2013-01-12 |accessdate=2018-02-28 |url-status=bot: unknown |archiveurl=https://archive.today/20130112162203/http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=9930 |archivedate=2013-01-12 }}</ref> |- | ''[[Sonchus asper]]'' || Spiny-leaved sow thistle || <ref>{{cite web |url=http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=9931 |teideal=Entity Display : Sonchus asper |publisher=Archive.is |date=2013-01-12 |accessdate=2018-02-28 |url-status=bot: unknown |archiveurl=https://archive.today/20130112163433/http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=9931 |archivedate=2013-01-12 }}</ref> |- | ''[[Sonchus oleraceus]]'' || Sow Thistle || Leaves are eaten as salad greens or cooked like spinach. This is one of the species used in [[Chinese cuisine]] as ''kŭcài'' ([[wikt:菜|菜]]; lit. bitter vegetable).<ref> {{cite web |url=http://baike.baidu.com/view/30711.htm |teideal=Kucai |work=[[Baidu Encyclopedia]] (苦菜_百度百科) |publisher=baike.baidu.com |accessdate=2008-02-07 |language=Chinese }}</ref> |- | ''[[Sophora japonica]]'' || Pagoda-tree || <ref>{{cite web |url=http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=9939 |teideal=Entity Display : Sophora japonica |publisher=Archive.is |date=2013-01-13 |accessdate=2018-02-28 |url-status=bot: unknown |archiveurl=https://archive.today/20130113015146/http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=9939 |archivedate=2013-01-13 }}</ref> |- | ''[[Spathiphyllum phryniifolium]]'' || || |- | ''[[Sphenoclea zeylanica]]'' || || <ref>{{cite web |url=http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=11669 |teideal=Entity Display : Sphenoclea zeylanica Gaertn |publisher=Archive.is |date=2013-01-13 |accessdate=2018-02-28 |url-status=bot: unknown |archiveurl=https://archive.today/20130113033253/http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=11669 |archivedate=2013-01-13 }}</ref> |- | ''[[Sphenostylis stenocarpa]]'' || || <ref>{{cite web|url=https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxonomydetail.aspx?id=1157|teideal=GRIN #1157|website=npgsweb.ars-grin.gov|dátarochtana=2020-07-07|archivedate=2020-07-09|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200709224510/https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxonomydetail.aspx?id=1157}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=10000 |teideal=Entity Display : Sphenostylis stenocarpa |publisher=Archive.is |accessdate=2018-02-28 |url-status=bot: unknown |archiveurl=https://archive.today/20130112155657/http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=10000 |archivedate=2013-01-12 }}</ref> |- | ''[[Spilanthes acmella]]'' || Toothache Plant || |- | ''[[Spinacia oleracea]]'' || Spinach ||Spinach contains a certain proportion of [[oxalic acid]]. Raw leaves should be eaten sparingly. In dishes that include large quantities, leaves should preferably be used after boiling and disposing of the water.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxonomydetail.aspx?id=1158|teideal=GRIN #1158|website=npgsweb.ars-grin.gov|dátarochtana=2020-07-07|archivedate=2020-07-09|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200709224504/https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxonomydetail.aspx?id=1158}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=1997 |teideal=Entity Display : Spinacia oleracea |publisher=Archive.is |date=2013-01-12 |accessdate=2018-02-28 |url-status=bot: unknown |archiveurl=https://archive.today/20130112160253/http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=1997 |archivedate=2013-01-12 }}</ref> |- | ''[[Spirodela polyrhiza]]'' || Greater Duck-weed || <ref>{{cite web |url=http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=10008 |teideal=Entity Display : Spirodela polyrhiza |publisher=Archive.is |date=2013-01-12 |accessdate=2018-02-28 |url-status=bot: unknown |archiveurl=https://archive.today/20130112163856/http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=10008 |archivedate=2013-01-12 }}</ref> |- | ''[[Spondias dulcis]]'' || Otaheite Apple || <ref>{{cite web|url=https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxonomydetail.aspx?id=1159|teideal=GRIN #1159|website=npgsweb.ars-grin.gov|dátarochtana=2020-07-07|archivedate=2020-07-09|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200709224459/https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxonomydetail.aspx?id=1159}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=2001 |teideal=Entity Display : Spondias dulcis |publisher=Archive.is |date=2013-01-13 |accessdate=2018-02-28 |url-status=bot: unknown |archiveurl=https://archive.today/20130113004105/http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=2001 |archivedate=2013-01-13 }}</ref> |- | ''[[Spondias mombin]]'' || Yellow mombin || <ref>{{cite web|url=https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxonomydetail.aspx?id=1160|teideal=GRIN #1160|website=npgsweb.ars-grin.gov|dátarochtana=2020-07-07|archivedate=2020-07-10|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200710034216/https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxonomydetail.aspx?id=1160}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=2002 |teideal=Entity Display : Spondias mombin |publisher=Archive.is |accessdate=2018-02-28 |url-status=bot: unknown |archiveurl=https://archive.today/20130112170937/http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=2002 |archivedate=2013-01-12 }}</ref> |- | ''[[Spondias purpurea]]'' || Jocote || <ref>{{cite web|url=https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxonomydetail.aspx?id=1161|teideal=GRIN #1161|website=npgsweb.ars-grin.gov|dátarochtana=2020-07-07|archivedate=2020-08-03|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200803193312/https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxonomydetail.aspx?id=1161}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=10015|teideal=Entity Display : Spondias purpurea|website=ecoport.org|dátarochtana=2020-07-07|archivedate=2006-05-19|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060519030431/http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=10015}}</ref> |- | ''[[Stanleya pinnatifida]]'' || || |- | ''[[Stellaria media]]'' || Common Chickweed || <ref>{{cite web|url=https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxonomydetail.aspx?id=1165|teideal=GRIN #1165|website=npgsweb.ars-grin.gov|dátarochtana=2020-07-07|archivedate=2020-07-09|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200709224511/https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxonomydetail.aspx?id=1165}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=10046|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20130112202604/http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=10046|url-status=dead|teideal=Entity Display : Stellaria media|date=12 January 2013|archivedate=12 January 2013|website=ecoport.org}}</ref> |- | ''[[Stenochlaena palustris]]'' || || |- | ''[[Sterculia foetida]]'' || || <ref>{{cite web|url=http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=2428|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20130112170022/http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=2428|url-status=dead|teideal=Entity Display : Sterculia foetida L.|date=12 January 2013|archivedate=12 January 2013|website=ecoport.org}}</ref> |- | ''[[Sterculia tragacantha]]'' || || |- | ''[[Strychnos spinosa]]'' || Natal orange || <ref>{{cite web|url=https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxonomydetail.aspx?id=1172|teideal=GRIN #1172|website=npgsweb.ars-grin.gov|dátarochtana=2020-07-07|archivedate=2020-07-10|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200710001638/https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxonomydetail.aspx?id=1172}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=10135|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20130112165540/http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=10135|url-status=dead|teideal=Entity Display : Strychnos spinosa|date=12 January 2013|archivedate=12 January 2013|website=ecoport.org}}</ref> |- | ''[[Suaeda maritima]]'' || Sea Blite || <ref>{{cite web|url=http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=10164|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20130113030459/http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=10164|url-status=dead|teideal=Entity Display : Suaeda maritima|date=13 January 2013|archivedate=13 January 2013|website=ecoport.org}}</ref> |- | ''[[Symphytum officinale]]'' || || <ref>{{cite web|url=http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=2431|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20130112222435/http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=2431|url-status=dead|teideal=Entity Display : Symphytum officinale|date=12 January 2013|archivedate=12 January 2013|website=ecoport.org}}</ref> |- | ''[[Symphytum uplandicum]]'' || || |- | ''[[Synedrella nodiflora]]'' || || <ref>{{cite web|url=http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=2025|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20130112200748/http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=2025|url-status=dead|teideal=Entity Display : Synedrella nodiflora|date=12 January 2013|archivedate=12 January 2013|website=ecoport.org}}</ref> |- | ''[[Syzygium malaccense]]'' || Malay apple || <ref>{{cite web|url=https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxonomydetail.aspx?id=1182|teideal=GRIN #1182|website=npgsweb.ars-grin.gov|dátarochtana=2020-07-07|archivedate=2020-07-09|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200709231620/https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxonomydetail.aspx?id=1182}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=1033|teideal=Entity Display : Syzygium malaccense|website=ecoport.org|dátarochtana=2020-07-07|archivedate=2016-01-16|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160116105052/http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=1033}}</ref> |- | ''[[Syzygium polycephalum]]'' || || <ref>{{cite web|url=http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=10241|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20130112160858/http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=10241|url-status=dead|teideal=Entity Display : Syzygium polycephalum|date=12 January 2013|archivedate=12 January 2013|website=ecoport.org}}</ref> |- | ''[[Talinum paniculatum]]'' || Jewels of Opar || |- | ''[[Talinum portulacifolium]]'' || || <ref>{{cite web|url=http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=10272|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20130112201619/http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=10272|url-status=dead|teideal=Entity Display : Talinum portulacifolium|date=12 January 2013|archivedate=12 January 2013|website=ecoport.org}}</ref> |- | ''[[Talinum triangulare]]'' || || <ref>{{cite web|url=http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=2433|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20130112164556/http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=2433|url-status=dead|teideal=Entity Display : Talinum triangulare (Jacq.) Willd.|date=12 January 2013|archivedate=12 January 2013|website=ecoport.org}}</ref> |- | ''[[Tanacetum vulgare]]'' || Tansy || <ref>{{cite web|url=http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=10284|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20130112155243/http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=10284|url-status=dead|teideal=Entity Display : Tanacetum vulgare|date=12 January 2013|archivedate=12 January 2013|website=ecoport.org}}</ref> |- | ''[[Taraxacum albidum]]'' || || |- | ''[[Taraxacum officinale]]'' || Dandelion || <ref>{{cite web|url=https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxonomydetail.aspx?id=1189|teideal=GRIN #1189|website=npgsweb.ars-grin.gov|dátarochtana=2020-07-07|archivedate=2020-07-12|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200712014922/https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxonomydetail.aspx?id=1189}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=10291|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20130112205232/http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=10291|url-status=dead|teideal=Entity Display : Taraxacum officinale|date=12 January 2013|archivedate=12 January 2013|website=ecoport.org}}</ref> |- | ‘‘[[Telfairia occidentalis]]’‘ || Fluted gourd || <ref>{{cite web|url=https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxonomydetail.aspx?id=1190|teideal=GRIN #1190|website=npgsweb.ars-grin.gov|dátarochtana=2020-07-07|archivedate=2020-07-09|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200709231703/https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxonomydetail.aspx?id=1190}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=10307|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20130112154625/http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=10307|url-status=dead|teideal=Entity Display : Telfairia occidentalis|date=12 January 2013|archivedate=12 January 2013|website=ecoport.org}}</ref> |- | ''[[Telosma cordata]]'' || || |- | ''[[Tetracarpidium conophorum]]'' || || |- | ''[[Tetragonia decumbens]]'' || || |- | ''[[Tetragonia implexicoma]]'' || || <ref>{{cite web|url=http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=10369|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20130112171814/http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=10369|url-status=dead|teideal=Entity Display : Tetragonia implexicoma|date=12 January 2013|archivedate=12 January 2013|website=ecoport.org}}</ref> |- | ''[[Tetragonia tetragonioides]]'' || New Zealand Spinach || <ref>{{cite web|url=https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxonomydetail.aspx?id=1194|teideal=GRIN #1194|website=npgsweb.ars-grin.gov|dátarochtana=2020-07-07|archivedate=2020-07-09|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200709224504/https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxonomydetail.aspx?id=1194}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=10370|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20130113011945/http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=10370|url-status=dead|teideal=Entity Display : Tetragonia tetragonioides|date=13 January 2013|archivedate=13 January 2013|website=ecoport.org}}</ref> |- | ''[[Thalia geniculata]]'' || || |- | ''[[Thespesia populnea]]'' || Portia tree || <ref>{{cite web|url=http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=2075|teideal=Entity Display : Thespesia populnea|website=ecoport.org|dátarochtana=2020-07-07|archivedate=2008-02-22|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080222110115/http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=2075}}</ref> |- | ''[[Thlaspi arvense]]'' || Pennycress || <ref>{{cite web|url=http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=10400|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20130112155505/http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=10400|url-status=dead|teideal=Entity Display : Thlaspi arvense|date=12 January 2013|archivedate=12 January 2013|website=ecoport.org}}</ref> |- | ''[[Thymus vulgaris]]'' || Common Thyme || <ref>{{cite web|url=http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=2441|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20130112162230/http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=2441|url-status=dead|teideal=Entity Display : Thymus vulgaris|date=12 January 2013|archivedate=12 January 2013|website=ecoport.org}}</ref> |- | ''[[Tiliacora triandra]]'' || || |- | ''[[Toddalia asiatica]]'' || || <ref>{{cite web|url=http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=45148|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20130112180751/http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=45148|url-status=dead|teideal=Entity Display : Toddalia asiatica|date=12 January 2013|archivedate=12 January 2013|website=ecoport.org}}</ref> |- | ''[[Toona sinensis]]'' || Chinese Mahogany || |- | ''[[Tordylium apulum]]'' || || <ref>{{cite web|url=http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=17234|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20130112192727/http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=17234|url-status=dead|teideal=Entity Display : Tordylium apulum|date=12 January 2013|archivedate=12 January 2013|website=ecoport.org}}</ref> |- | ''[[Trachycarpus fortunei]]'' || Windmill Palm || <ref>{{cite web|url=http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=10470|teideal=Entity Display : Trachycarpus fortunei|website=ecoport.org|dátarochtana=2020-07-07|archivedate=2008-02-22|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080222104300/http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=10470}}</ref> |- | ''[[Tradescantia virginiana]]'' || || <ref>{{cite web|url=http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=10476|teideal=Entity Display : Tradescantia virginiana|website=ecoport.org|dátarochtana=2020-07-07|archivedate=2006-05-24|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060524045238/http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=10476}}</ref> |- | ''[[Tragopogon dubius]]'' || Western salsify || <ref>{{cite web|url=http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=10477|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20130112204303/http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=10477|url-status=dead|teideal=Entity Display : Tragopogon dubius|date=12 January 2013|archivedate=12 January 2013|website=ecoport.org}}</ref> |- | ''[[Tragopogon porrifolius]]'' || Salsify || <ref>{{cite web|url=https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxonomydetail.aspx?id=1205|teideal=GRIN #1205|website=npgsweb.ars-grin.gov|dátarochtana=2020-07-07|archivedate=2020-07-09|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200709224509/https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxonomydetail.aspx?id=1205}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=2442|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20130112225432/http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=2442|url-status=dead|teideal=Entity Display : Tragopogon porrifolius|date=12 January 2013|archivedate=12 January 2013|website=ecoport.org}}</ref> |- | ''[[Tragopogon pratensis]]'' || Goat's Beard || <ref>{{cite web|url=http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=10478|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20130112210245/http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=10478|url-status=dead|teideal=Entity Display : Tragopogon pratensis|date=12 January 2013|archivedate=12 January 2013|website=ecoport.org}}</ref> |- | ''[[Trianthema portulacastrum]]'' || || <ref>{{cite web|url=http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=10495|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20130112170610/http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=10495|url-status=dead|teideal=Entity Display : Trianthema portulacastrum|date=12 January 2013|archivedate=12 January 2013|website=ecoport.org}}</ref> |- | ''[[Trichodesma zeylanicum]]'' || || |- | ''[[Trifolium hybridum]]'' || Alsike Clover || Clover leaves are edible, but should be dipped in salt water before eating or preparation to aid in digestion<ref>[http://www.essortment.com/edible-wild-plants-55067.htmlEdible Wild Plants] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160218134547/http://www.essortment.com/edible-wild-plants-55067.htmlEdible |date=2016-02-18 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=10533|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20120708112516/http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=10533|url-status=dead|teideal=Entity Display : Trifolium hybridum|date=8 July 2012|archivedate=8 July 2012|website=ecoport.org}}</ref> |- | ''[[Trifolium pratense]]'' || Red Clover ||<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=2104|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20120709092351/http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=2104|url-status=dead|teideal=Entity Display : Trifolium pratense|date=9 July 2012|archivedate=9 July 2012|website=ecoport.org}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/duke_energy/Trifolium_pratense.html|teideal=Trifolium pratense|website=www.hort.purdue.edu}}</ref> |- | ''[[Trifolium repens]]'' || White Clover ||<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=2105|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20120712174821/http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=2105|url-status=dead|teideal=Entity Display : Trifolium repens|date=12 July 2012|archivedate=12 July 2012|website=ecoport.org}}</ref> |- | ''[[Trigonella caerulea]]'' || Sweet Trefoil ||<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=10552|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20120708143924/http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=10552|url-status=dead|teideal=Entity Display : Trigonella caerulea|date=8 July 2012|archivedate=8 July 2012|website=ecoport.org}}</ref> |- | ''[[Trigonella corniculata]]'' || || <ref>{{cite web|url=https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxonomydetail.aspx?id=1217|teideal=GRIN #1217|website=npgsweb.ars-grin.gov|dátarochtana=2020-07-07|archivedate=2020-07-11|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200711201726/https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxonomydetail.aspx?id=1217}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=10553|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20130113005136/http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=10553|url-status=dead|teideal=Entity Display : Trigonella corniculata|date=13 January 2013|archivedate=13 January 2013|website=ecoport.org}}</ref> |- | ''[[Trillium erectum]]'' || Wake-robin || <ref>{{cite web|url=http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=237285|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20130112201730/http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=237285|url-status=dead|teideal=Entity Display : Trillium erectum|date=12 January 2013|archivedate=12 January 2013|website=ecoport.org}}</ref> |- | ''[[Trillium grandiflorum]]'' || White trillium || <ref>{{cite web|url=http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=237289|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20130113022352/http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=237289|url-status=dead|teideal=Entity Display : Trillium grandiflorum|date=13 January 2013|archivedate=13 January 2013|website=ecoport.org}}</ref> |- | ''[[Trillium sessile]]'' || || |- | ''[[Trillium undulatum]]'' || Painted trillium || <ref>{{cite web|url=http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=237314|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20130112202546/http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=237314|url-status=dead|teideal=Entity Display : Trillium undulatum|date=12 January 2013|archivedate=12 January 2013|website=ecoport.org}}</ref> |- | ''[[Tropaeolum majus]]'' || Garden Nasturtium || <ref>{{cite web|url=https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxonomydetail.aspx?id=1235|teideal=GRIN #1235|website=npgsweb.ars-grin.gov|dátarochtana=2020-07-07|archivedate=2020-07-09|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200709224513/https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxonomydetail.aspx?id=1235}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=2119|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20130112191323/http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=2119|url-status=dead|teideal=Entity Display : Tropaeolum majus|date=12 January 2013|archivedate=12 January 2013|website=ecoport.org}}</ref> |- | ''[[Tropaeolum minus]]'' || Dwarf Nasturtium || <ref>{{cite web|url=https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxonomydetail.aspx?id=1236|teideal=GRIN #1236|website=npgsweb.ars-grin.gov|dátarochtana=2020-07-07|archivedate=2020-07-09|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200709224516/https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxonomydetail.aspx?id=1236}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=10605|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20130112225833/http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=10605|url-status=dead|teideal=Entity Display : Tropaeolum minus|date=12 January 2013|archivedate=12 January 2013|website=ecoport.org}}</ref> |- | ''[[Tropaeolum tuberosum]]'' || Mashua || <ref>{{cite web|url=https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxonomydetail.aspx?id=1237|teideal=GRIN #1237|website=npgsweb.ars-grin.gov|dátarochtana=2020-07-07|archivedate=2020-07-09|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200709231734/https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxonomydetail.aspx?id=1237}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=2447|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20130112160727/http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=2447|url-status=dead|teideal=Entity Display : Tropaeolum tuberosum|date=12 January 2013|archivedate=12 January 2013|website=ecoport.org}}</ref> |- | ''[[Tulbaghia alliacea]]'' || || <ref>{{cite web|url=http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=35528|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20130112161140/http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=35528|url-status=dead|teideal=Entity Display : Tulbaghia alliacea|date=12 January 2013|archivedate=12 January 2013|website=ecoport.org}}</ref> |- | ''[[Tussilago farfara]]'' || Coltsfoot || <ref>{{cite web|url=http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=10624|teideal=Entity Display : Tussilago farfara|website=ecoport.org|dátarochtana=2020-07-07|archivedate=2008-02-22|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080222121316/http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=10624}}</ref> |- | ''[[Typha capensis]]'' || || |- | ''[[Typha elephantina]]'' || || <ref>{{cite web|url=http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=10632|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20130113010223/http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=10632|url-status=dead|teideal=Entity Display : Typha elephantina|date=13 January 2013|archivedate=13 January 2013|website=ecoport.org}}</ref> |- | ''[[Ullucus tuberosus]]'' || Ulluco || <ref>{{cite web|url=https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxonomydetail.aspx?id=1242|teideal=GRIN #1242|website=npgsweb.ars-grin.gov|dátarochtana=2020-07-07|archivedate=2020-07-11|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200711064007/https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxonomydetail.aspx?id=1242}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=2120|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20130112160625/http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=2120|url-status=dead|teideal=Entity Display : Ullucus tuberosus|date=12 January 2013|archivedate=12 January 2013|website=ecoport.org}}</ref> |- | ''[[Ulmus pumila]]'' || Siberian elm || <ref>{{cite web|url=http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=10658|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20130112173318/http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=10658|url-status=dead|teideal=Entity Display : Ulmus pumila|date=12 January 2013|archivedate=12 January 2013|website=ecoport.org}}</ref> |- | ''[[Urena lobata]]'' || Rose Mallow || <ref>{{cite web|url=http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=2125|teideal=Entity Display : Urena lobata|website=ecoport.org|dátarochtana=2020-07-07|archivedate=2006-03-10|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060310232625/http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=2125}}</ref> |- | ''[[Urtica dioica]]'' || Stinging Nettle || A good pot herb. Often also used as famine food<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=10679|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20120715080032/http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=10679|url-status=dead|teideal=Entity Display : Urtica dioica|date=15 July 2012|archivedate=15 July 2012|website=ecoport.org}}</ref> |- | ''[[Urtica urens]]'' || Annual Nettle ||<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=10686|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20120713074313/http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=10686|url-status=dead|teideal=Entity Display : Urtica urens|date=13 July 2012|archivedate=13 July 2012|website=ecoport.org}}</ref> |- | ''[[Valerianella eriocarpa]]'' || Italian Corn Salad || <ref>{{cite web|url=https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxonomydetail.aspx?id=1259|teideal=GRIN #1259|website=npgsweb.ars-grin.gov|dátarochtana=2020-07-07|archivedate=2020-07-09|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200709224506/https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxonomydetail.aspx?id=1259}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=10724|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20130112182500/http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=10724|url-status=dead|teideal=Entity Display : Valerianella eriocarpa|date=12 January 2013|archivedate=12 January 2013|website=ecoport.org}}</ref> |- | ''[[Valerianella locusta]]'' || Corn Salad || <ref>{{cite web|url=https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxonomydetail.aspx?id=1260|teideal=GRIN #1260|website=npgsweb.ars-grin.gov|dátarochtana=2020-07-07|archivedate=2020-07-10|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200710022043/https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxonomydetail.aspx?id=1260}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=2449|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20130112195422/http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=2449|url-status=dead|teideal=Entity Display : Valerianella locusta|date=12 January 2013|archivedate=12 January 2013|website=ecoport.org}}</ref> |- | ''[[Vallaris heynei]]'' || || |- | ''[[Verbena officinalis]]'' || European Verbena || <ref>{{cite web|url=http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=10758|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20130113105146/http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=10758|url-status=dead|teideal=Entity Display : Verbena officinalis|date=13 January 2013|archivedate=13 January 2013|website=ecoport.org}}</ref> |- | ''[[Vernonia amygdalina]]'' || Bitter leaf || <ref>{{cite web|url=https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxonomydetail.aspx?id=1264|teideal=GRIN #1264|website=npgsweb.ars-grin.gov|dátarochtana=2020-07-07|archivedate=2020-07-11|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200711065558/https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxonomydetail.aspx?id=1264}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=10763|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20130113082125/http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=10763|url-status=dead|teideal=Entity Display : Vernonia amygdalina|date=13 January 2013|archivedate=13 January 2013|website=ecoport.org}}</ref> |- | ''[[Veronica anagallis-aquatica]]'' || Water Speedwell || <ref>{{cite web|url=http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=17475|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20130112185223/http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=17475|url-status=dead|teideal=Entity Display : Veronica anagallis-aquatica|date=12 January 2013|archivedate=12 January 2013|website=ecoport.org}}</ref> |- | ''[[Veronica beccabunga]]'' || Brooklime || <ref>{{cite web|url=http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=10779|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20130112171527/http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=10779|url-status=dead|teideal=Entity Display : Veronica beccabunga|date=12 January 2013|archivedate=12 January 2013|website=ecoport.org}}</ref> |- | ''[[Veronicastrum sibiricum]]'' || || |- | ''[[Viola adunca]]'' || || <ref>{{cite web|url=http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=238027|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20130113080231/http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=238027|url-status=dead|teideal=Entity Display : Viola adunca|date=13 January 2013|archivedate=13 January 2013|website=ecoport.org}}</ref> |- | ''[[Viola canadensis]]'' || Canada Violet || <ref>{{cite web|url=http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=78654|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20130113073609/http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=78654|url-status=dead|teideal=Entity Display : Viola canadensis|date=13 January 2013|archivedate=13 January 2013|website=ecoport.org}}</ref> |- | ''[[Viola odorata]]'' || Sweet Violet || <ref>{{cite web|url=http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=10850|teideal=Entity Display : Viola odorata|website=ecoport.org|dátarochtana=2020-07-07|archivedate=2006-05-17|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060517182859/http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=10850}}</ref> |- | ''[[Viola papilionacea]]'' || || |- | ''[[Viola pedata]]'' || Bird's Foot Violet || <ref>{{cite web|url=http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=238115|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20130112154841/http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=238115|url-status=dead|teideal=Entity Display : Viola pedata|date=12 January 2013|archivedate=12 January 2013|website=ecoport.org}}</ref> |- | ''[[Viola sororia]]'' || Common blue violet || |- | ''[[Viola x wittrockiana]]'' || || |- | ''[[Vitex doniana]]'' || || <ref>{{cite web|url=http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=10874|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20130112204637/http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=10874|url-status=dead|teideal=Entity Display : Vitex doniana|date=12 January 2013|archivedate=12 January 2013|website=ecoport.org}}</ref> |- | ''[[Vitis amurensis]]'' || Amur grape || <ref>{{cite web|url=http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=10891|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20130112155334/http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=10891|url-status=dead|teideal=Entity Display : Vitis amurensis|date=12 January 2013|archivedate=12 January 2013|website=ecoport.org}}</ref> |- | ''[[Vitis californica]]'' || California wild grape || <ref>{{cite web|url=http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=238218|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20130112192406/http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=238218|url-status=dead|teideal=Entity Display : Vitis californica|date=12 January 2013|archivedate=12 January 2013|website=ecoport.org}}</ref> |- | ''[[Vitis coignetiae]]'' || || |- | ''[[Vitis labrusca]]'' || Northern Fox Grape || <ref>{{cite web|url=https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxonomydetail.aspx?id=1285|teideal=GRIN #1285|website=npgsweb.ars-grin.gov|dátarochtana=2020-07-07|archivedate=2020-07-09|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200709224506/https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxonomydetail.aspx?id=1285}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=10895|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20130112171112/http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=10895|url-status=dead|teideal=Entity Display : Vitis labrusca|date=12 January 2013|archivedate=12 January 2013|website=ecoport.org}}</ref> |- | ''[[Vitis munsoniana]]'' || || |- | ''[[Vitis shuttleworthii]]'' || || |- | ''[[Vitis vinifera]]'' || Grape || <ref>{{cite web|url=https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxonomydetail.aspx?id=1287|teideal=GRIN #1287|website=npgsweb.ars-grin.gov|dátarochtana=2020-07-07|archivedate=2020-07-13|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200713044427/https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxonomydetail.aspx?id=1287}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=2160|teideal=Entity Display : Vitis vinifera|website=ecoport.org|dátarochtana=2020-07-07|archivedate=2006-05-13|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060513165244/http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=2160}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/duke_energy/Vitis_vinifera.html|teideal=Vitis vinifera|website=www.hort.purdue.edu}}</ref> |- | ''[[Wasabia japonica]]'' || Wasabi ||Fresh leaves can be eaten, having the spicy flavor of [[wasabi]] roots |- | ''[[Wisteria floribunda]]'' || Japanese wisteria || <ref>{{cite web|url=http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=17581|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20130112204400/http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=17581|url-status=dead|teideal=Entity Display : Wisteria floribunda|date=12 January 2013|archivedate=12 January 2013|website=ecoport.org}}</ref> |- | ''[[Wolffia arrhiza]]'' || || <ref>{{cite web|url=http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=17583|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20120708022131/http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=17583|url-status=dead|teideal=Entity Display : Wolffia arrhiza|date=8 July 2012|archivedate=8 July 2012|website=ecoport.org}}</ref> |- | ''[[Xanthoceras sorbifolium]]'' || Yellowhorn || |- | ''[[Xanthosoma atrovirens]]'' || || |- | ''[[Xanthosoma brasiliense]]'' || || <ref>{{cite web|url=https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxonomydetail.aspx?id=1292|teideal=GRIN #1292|website=npgsweb.ars-grin.gov|dátarochtana=2020-07-07|archivedate=2020-07-12|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200712233801/https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxonomydetail.aspx?id=1292}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=10941|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20130113030207/http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=10941|url-status=dead|teideal=Entity Display : Xanthosoma brasiliense|date=13 January 2013|archivedate=13 January 2013|website=ecoport.org}}</ref> |- | ''[[Xanthosoma sagittifolium]]'' || || <ref>{{cite web|url=https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxonomydetail.aspx?id=1294|teideal=GRIN #1294|website=npgsweb.ars-grin.gov|dátarochtana=2020-07-07|archivedate=2020-07-10|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200710001602/https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxonomydetail.aspx?id=1294}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=2168|teideal=Entity Display : Xanthosoma sagittifolium|website=ecoport.org|dátarochtana=2020-07-07|archivedate=2006-05-17|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060517221731/http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=2168}}</ref> |- | ''[[Xanthosoma violaceum]]'' || || <ref>{{cite web|url=https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxonomydetail.aspx?id=1295|teideal=GRIN #1295|website=npgsweb.ars-grin.gov|dátarochtana=2020-07-07|archivedate=2020-07-11|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200711201603/https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxonomydetail.aspx?id=1295}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=2170|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20130112181004/http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=2170|url-status=dead|teideal=Entity Display : Xanthosoma violaceum|date=12 January 2013|archivedate=12 January 2013|website=ecoport.org}}</ref> |- | ''[[Ximenia americana]]'' || || <ref>{{cite web|url=https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxonomydetail.aspx?id=1296|teideal=GRIN #1296|website=npgsweb.ars-grin.gov|dátarochtana=2020-07-07|archivedate=2020-07-10|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200710022224/https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxonomydetail.aspx?id=1296}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=2452|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20130112224003/http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=2452|url-status=dead|teideal=Entity Display : Ximenia americana|date=12 January 2013|archivedate=12 January 2013|website=ecoport.org}}</ref> |- | ''[[Zanthoxylum piperitum]]'' || || |- | ''[[Zanthoxylum planispinum]]'' || || |- | ''[[Zingiber zerumbet]]'' || Awapuhi || <ref>{{cite web|url=http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=2179|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20130113084327/http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=2179|url-status=dead|teideal=Entity Display : Zingiber zerumbet|date=13 January 2013|archivedate=13 January 2013|website=ecoport.org}}</ref> |} ==Tagairtí== [[en:List of leaf vegetables]] a6dglui8hml7qytlqz1r4c44v7fc4q5 2 75722 1321706 1288426 2026-07-26T14:12:52Z An Sionnach Rua 29036 /* Teimpléid */ 1321706 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Leathanach Úsáideora An Sionnach Rua''' Is as Tamhlacht Mhaolruain dhom ó dhúchas. Níor tógadh leis an Ghaeilig mé ach is mór an chabhair a bhí inti dhom im shaol ó thosaigh mé á foghlaim. D'fhoghlaim mé mo chuid Gaeilge ar an scoil agus bhain mé bunchéim amach sa Nua-Ghaeilge agus sna Léinn Ghearmáinise is Máistreacht Ghairmiúil san Oideachas ina diaidh sin. Tá canúint mheasctha agam, a bhfuil rianta de Ghaeilge Chonamara agus de Ghaeilge Uladh le brath inti chomh maith le rianta beaga bídeacha den eolas a bhí le fáil faoin chanúint thréigthe a labhraíodh i mo cheantar dúchais. Bainim úsáid as an chaighdeán oifigiúil agus mé i mbun eagarthóireachta ar an tsuíomh seo agus nuair a bhím ag cruthú ábhar di chomh maith. Tá suim ar leith agam sa teangeolaíocht, sa dúlra, sna healaíona comhraic agus sa tíreolaíocht agus is ar leathanaigh a bhaineann leis na téamaí seo a fheicfidh tú mo lorg as seo amach. == Teimpléid == [[Teimpléad:Harvnb]] [[Teimpléad:Fráma íomhá]] == Teangeolaíocht == == Dúlra == [[Cruidín crainn]] * [[Cúcabarra]] *#[[Cúcabarra breac]] *#[[Cúcabarra sluasaidghobach]] *#[[Cúcabarra tarr-ruadhonn]] *#[[Cúcabarra gáiriteach]] *#[[Cúcabarra gormeiteach]] [[Spioróg mhór ruadhonn]] [[Tíogar]] == Ealaíon Comhraic == == Tíreolaíocht == [[Leasríocht na n-Oileán Arú]] {{Babel-4|ga-3|en-3|de-3|gd-1|}} 0pvt6flfjkaaykkh5vkdv8yf9cnum2g 1321722 1321706 2026-07-26T16:20:51Z An Sionnach Rua 29036 1321722 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Leathanach Úsáideora An Sionnach Rua''' Is as Tamhlacht Mhaolruain dhom ó dhúchas. Níor tógadh leis an Ghaeilig mé ach is mór an chabhair a bhí inti dhom im shaol ó thosaigh mé á foghlaim. D'fhoghlaim mé mo chuid Gaeilge ar an scoil agus bhain mé bunchéim amach sa Nua-Ghaeilge agus sna Léinn Ghearmáinise is Máistreacht Ghairmiúil san Oideachas ina diaidh sin. Tá canúint mheasctha agam, a bhfuil rianta de Ghaeilge Chonamara agus de Ghaeilge Uladh le brath inti chomh maith le rianta beaga bídeacha den eolas a bhí le fáil faoin chanúint thréigthe a labhraíodh i mo cheantar dúchais. Bainim úsáid as an chaighdeán oifigiúil agus mé i mbun eagarthóireachta ar an tsuíomh seo agus nuair a bhím ag cruthú ábhar di chomh maith. Tá suim ar leith agam sa teangeolaíocht, sa dúlra, sna healaíona comhraic agus sa tíreolaíocht agus is ar leathanaigh a bhaineann leis na téamaí seo a fheicfidh tú mo lorg as seo amach. == Teimpléid == [[Teimpléad:Harvnb]] [[Teimpléad:Fráma íomhá]] == Teangeolaíocht == == Dúlra == [[Cruidín crainn]] * [[Cúcabarra]] *#[[Cúcabarra breac]] *#[[Cúcabarra sluasaidghobach]] *#[[Cúcabarra tarr-ruadhonn]] *#[[Cúcabarra gáiriteach]] *#[[Cúcabarra gormeiteach]] [[Spioróg mhór ruadhonn]] [[Tíogar]] == Ealaíon Comhraic == == Tíreolaíocht == [[Leasríocht na n-Oileán Arú]] {{Babel-4|ga-3|en-3|de-3|gd-1|}} == Le déanamh sa todhchaí == Chun tacú le Teimpléad:Fráma íomhá * Teimpléad:Superimpose * Teimpléad:Magnify icon dnh8u8y4lxluj14b09t9vknup6cr529 14 83362 1321768 888383 2026-07-26T23:03:08Z Taghdtaighde 60452 Catagóirí curtha leis agus sórtáil 1321768 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Catagóir:Teimpléid|LADT]] [[Catagóir:Teimpléid bhitheolaíochta|LADT]] [[Catagóir: LADT|τ]] tjlz9j1vw18xrfgy52pwea4092658g1 14 83365 1321776 888393 2026-07-26T23:10:55Z Taghdtaighde 60452 Catagóirí athraithe 1321776 wikitext text/x-wiki {{DEFAULTSORT:RuPauls Drag Race}} [[Catagóir: RuPaul]] [[Catagóir: Sraitheanna teilifíse LADT]] [[Catagóir: Comórtais Teilifíse]] [[Catagóir: Seónna cluichí]] [[Catagóir: Meáin LADT]] h9chgnu1hlmvthbtsenuu2fj203fbz5 0 91879 1321728 1312005 2026-07-26T19:27:06Z Ériugena 188 Ériugena moved page [[Fearghas Mór]] to [[Fearghas Mór mac Eirc]] over redirect 1312005 wikitext text/x-wiki {{WD Bosca Sonraí Duine}} :''Gan bheith measctha leis an Rí seanscéalach, Fergus (fl. 330 BC), féach [[Fergus I (seanscéalach)]].'' <!--{{Infobox royalty | name = Fearghas Mór | title = Rí Dáil Riada (b'fhéidir) | reign = to 501 (b'fhéidir 498-501) | predecessor = New title? | successor = [[Domangart Réti]] | birth_name = Fergus Mór | birth_date = 430 AD | death_date = 501 AD | father =op [[Earc Dhál Riada]]| mother = [[Mist]] }}--> Rí seanscéalach [[Dál Riata|Dhál Riada]] ba ea '''Fearghas Mór mac Eirc''' ({{lang-sga|'Fergus Mór mac Eirc'}}). [[Erc Dhál Riada|Earc Dhál Riada]] ba ea a athair. Cé gur féidir a chuid staire a phlé, níl aon amhras ann faoina thábhacht i leith mhiotas bunaithe na [[Alba|hAlban]]. Maíonn rialtóirí na hAlban ó [[Coinneach mac Ailpein, Rí na Scot]] go dtí an lá atá inniu ann gur de shliocht Fhearghais Mhóir iad. ==Luath-fhoinsí== Faightear sa taifead stairiúil, dá laghad é, ach iontráil amháin i n[[Annála Tiarnaigh]], don bhliain 501, a deir: :''Fergus Mor mac Earca cum gente Dal Riada partem Britaniae tenuit, et ibi mortuus est.'' (Ghlac Fearghas Mór mac Eirc, le muintir Dháil Riata, cuid den Bhreatain, agus fuair sé bás ann.) Is ainmneacha níos deireanaí iad ámh, idir ''Fergus, Erc'' agus ''Dál Riata'', scríofa síos tamall fada tar éis na 6ú haoise. Cé go molann na hannála go ndearna na Gaeil ó Éirinn ionsaí ar Albain (''Earra-Ghàidheal''), ní mheastar inniu gur fíor iad.<ref>"[S]tories of Dalriadic origins cannot be held to be worthy of acceptance as history", Sally Foster, ''Picts, Gaels and Scots'', lch. 4, ag lua David Dumville. Féach freisin "Were the Scots Irish?" le hEwan Campbell.</ref> Faightear ginealach Fearghasa i liostaí ríthe Dáil Riata agus na hAlban, mar shampla i [[Seanchas Fear Alban]] agus sa [[Duan Albanach]]. Deir an Seanchas gur glaodh Mac Nisse Mór ar Fhearghas. Téann na foinsí seo siar is dócha go dtí na 10ú agus 11ú haoiseanna faoi seach, tuairim is 20 nó 30 glúin i ndiaidh saol Fearghasa mar a bheadh. Sa Seanchas agus sa Duan, deirtear gurbh é Etc mac Eochach ''Muinremuir'' athair Fhearghasa. Tugtar i liosta Meán-Ghaeilge ríthe na hAlban<ref>lua de dhíth</ref> ginealach fada Fearghasa : :''[Fergus] m. h-Eircc m. Echdach Muinremuir m. Óengusa Fir m. Feideilmid m. Óengusa m. Feideilmid m. Cormaicc'', agus sé ghlúin is daichead sa bhreis.<ref>Roinntear an leathchuid de ginideach Fearghasa le Seanán mac ''Gerrgenn'', mar a insítear sa scéal ''Betha Shenáin meic Geirginn'' i [[Leabhar Leasa Mhóir]]; cf [[Rawlinson B 502]] ¶1696 ''Genelach Ríg n-Alban'' agus ''Betha Shenáin'', ag líne 1792 ff.</ref> Cé go tugann na hannála úd fianaise a thacaíonn le tábhacht Fhearghasa sa mheánaois, ní hionann sin agus fianaise dá shaol stairiúil. Le fírinne, níl ach trácht ar rí amháin na hAlban ón 6ú haois as lua na linne, ''Ceretic of Alt Clut'', agus breathnaíonn sin fiú ar ghluais níos deireanaí sa ''Litir chuig Coroticus'' le [[Naomh Pádraig]]. I measc na chéad ríthe Dáil Riada a bhfuiltear sáchchinnte gur stairiúil iad, tá garmhic Fhearghasa, [[Gabrán mac Domangairt|Gabhrán]] agus [[Comgall mac Domangairt|Comhghall]], mhic Dhomhanghairt, nó b'fhéidir a fhionnó, [[Áedán mac Gabráin|Aodhán mac Gabhráin]]. Creideann roinnt daoine gur mhaígh Fearghas gur de shliocht [[Rí Artúr]] é, ach molann an staraí John Morris ina ionad sin gur tugadh cead d'Fhearghas lonnú in Albain, mar cónaidhmeach Artúir, ina sciath chosanta in aghaidh na [[Cruithnigh|gCruithneach]]. <!--Le haistriú: ==Fergus Mór in later accounts== [[Andrew of Wyntoun]]'s early 15th century ''Orygynale Cronykil of Scotland'' says that Fergus was the first Scot to rule in Scotland, and that Cináed mac Ailpín was his descendant. In addition, he writes that Fergus brought the [[Stone of Scone]] with him from Ireland, that he was succeeded by a son named Dúngal. A list of kings follows which is corrupt but bears some relation to those found in earlier sources.<ref>See chapters xliv and liv.</ref> If Wyntoun's account adds little to earlier ones, at the end of the 16th century [[George Buchanan (humanist)|George Buchanan]] in his ''[[Rerum Scoticarum Historia]]'' added much, generally following [[John of Fordun]]. In this version, the Scots had been expelled from Scotland when the [[Roman Empire|Romans]] under one Maximus conquered all of Britain. His father Eugenius had been killed by the Romans, and Fergus, '''Fergusius II''' according to Buchanan's count, was raised in exile in [[Scandinavia]]. He later fought with the [[Franks]], before eventually returning to Scotland and reconquering the Scottish lands. He was killed in battle against Durstus, king of the [[Picts]], and was succeeded by his son Eugenius.<ref>Aikman's edition, pp. 202&ndash;218.</ref> A linked tradition traces the origin of [[Clan Cameron]] to the son of the royal family of [[Denmark]] who assisted Fergus II in the above restoration to Scotland. Buchanan's king, [[James VI of Scotland|James VI]], shared the scholar's view of the origins of his line, describing himself in one of many verses written to his wife [[Anne of Denmark]], as the "happie Monarch sprung of Ferguse race". Nor was James VI the last ruler to share this belief. The Great Gallery of the [[Palace of Holyroodhouse]] in Edinburgh was decorated with eighty-nine of [[Jacob de Wet]]'s portraits of Scottish monarchs, from Fergus to [[Charles II of Scotland|Charles II]], produced to the order of James's grandson. [[James II of England|James II]]'s Irish partisans welcomed the king at Kilkenny during the [[Williamite War in Ireland|Williamite War]], declaring, "We conducted a Fergus to Scotland; we welcome in James the Second the undoubted heir of Fergus by the lineal descent of one hundred and ten crowned heads".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://jacobite.ca/documents/16890322.htm |title=Address to King James II at Kilkenny, March 22, 1689 |accessdate=2015-10-27 |website=The Jacobite Heritage |date=2003 |orig-year=1689}}</ref>--> ==Féach freisin== * [[Gofraid mac Fergusa]], pearsa a moltar gur mac Fearghasa é ==Foinsí== * Broun, Dauvit, "Dál Riata" in Michael Lynch (ed.), ''The Oxford Companion to Scottish History.'' Oxford UP, Oxford, 2001. {{ISBN|0-19-211696-7}} * Campbell, Ewan, "Were the Scots Irish?" in ''Antiquity'', 75 (2001), ll.&nbsp;285&ndash;292. * Foster, Sally M., ''Picts, Gaels, and Scots: Early Historic Scotland.'' Birlinn, Dún Éadain, 2014. {{ISBN|978-1-78027-191-0}} ==Naisc sheachtracha== * [http://celt.ucc.ie/index.html CELT: Corpus of Electronic Texts] ar [http://www.ucc.ie/ Coláiste na hOllscoile, Corcaigh]: **[http://www.ucc.ie/celt/published/G105003/index.html Genealogies] ó [[Rawlinson B 502]] **[http://www.ucc.ie/celt/published/G100001A/index.html Annála Ulaidh] **[http://www.ucc.ie/celt/published/G100002/index.html Annála Tiarnach] **[http://www.ucc.ie/celt/published/G201001/index.html Betha Shenáin meic Geirginn] ó [[Leabhar Leasa Mhóir]] * George Buchanan, ''Rerum Scoticarum Historia''; James Aikman (aistr.) ar Google Books ==Tagairtí== {{reflist}} {{s-start}} {{succession box | roimh = [[Loarn mac Eirc]] | teideal = [[Ríthe Dhál Riada|Rí Dhál Riada]] | tar éis = ''[[Domhanghart Réite]] | bliain = anaithnid }} {{s-end}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Fearghas Mór}} [[Catagóir:5ú haois]] [[Catagóir:6ú haois]] [[Catagóir:An Mheánaois in Éirinn]] [[Catagóir:An Mheánaois Luath]] [[Catagóir:Daoine na Meánaoise]] [[Catagóir:Fir]] [[Catagóir:Ríthe Dhál Riada]] iuwezd4m7gkzdggkgogo9ce9p5yjp2n 0 92356 1321757 1296510 2026-07-26T23:00:43Z Taghdtaighde 60452 Catagóir curtha leis 1321757 wikitext text/x-wiki {{WD Bosca Sonraí Duine}} Is úrscéalaí agus drámadóir [[Éireannach]] é '''Dave Duggan''', a chónaíonn i n[[Doire]] agus a rugadh i [[Londain]] sa bhliain [[1955]]. Cuireadh a shaothair amharclainne ar stáitse in Éirinn, [[Dún Éideann]], [[Learpholl]], [[Nua-Eabhrac (cathair)|Nua-Eabhrac]] agus san [[Afganastáin]]. An dráma is déanaí uaidh ná Chezzie's Chance (Blue Eagle Productions, 2018), tá [[snagcheol]] ann, agus bhí an-rath air i léiriú ag Féile Snagcheoil Dhoire. Scríobh sé an dráma Gruagairí (2007), a bhuaigh gradam ón Stewart Parker Trust, agus [[Makaronik]] (2014) don chompántas amharclannaíochta Gaeilge [[Aisling Ghéar]]. D'fhoilsigh [[Cló Iar-Chonnacht]] leagan úrscéil den dráma [[ficsean eolaíochta]] ''Makaronik'' sa bhliain [[2018]]. I measc a shaothair don scáileán tá Dance Lexie Dance (Raw Nerve Productions, 1996), a fuair ainmniúchán do na h[[Oscars]]. Is é A Sudden Sun (Guildhall Press, 2012) an dara húrscéal uaidh agus is é Related Lives: An Imagined Memoir (Guildhall Press, 2016) an leabhar is déanaí uaidh. Tá blag aige ag breathingwithalimp.blogspot.com agus tá breis eolais ar a shaothar ag www.facebook.com/DaveDugganWriter ==Saol Pearsanta== D'fhill a thuistí ar [[Port Láirge|Phort Láirge]], an áit arb as dóibh sa bhliain [[1963]]. Tógadh ann é. Chuaigh sé don [[fisic|fhisic]] i g[[Coláiste na hOllscoile, Baile Átha Cliath]]. {{DEFAULTSORT:Duggan, Dave}} [[catagóir:Scríbhneoirí Éireannacha]] [[Catagóir:Daoine a rugadh i 1955]] [[Catagóir:Daoine beo]] [[Catagóir:Ficsean eolaíochta i nGaeilge]] [[Catagóir:Ficsean eolaíochta Éireannach]] [[Catagóir:Scríbhneoirí ficsin thuairimigh]] 95yu6l8kxzarg7x9b19vlgocegitfrf 4 95192 1321685 1321247 2026-07-26T12:40:48Z ListeriaBot 25319 Wikidata list updated [V2] 1321685 wikitext text/x-wiki Seo a leanas liosta mná Éireannacha gan leathanach ar Vicipéid: {{Wikidata list |sparql=SELECT ?item ?linkcount WHERE { ?item wdt:P27|wdt:P17|wdt:P495|wdt:P1532 wd:Q27 . FILTER NOT EXISTS { # has no en.wikipedia sitelink ?wen schema:about ?item . ?wen schema:isPartOf <https://ga.wikipedia.org/> . } ?item wdt:P21 wd:Q6581072 . # gender: female ?item wdt:P31 wd:Q5 . # human OPTIONAL {?item wikibase:sitelinks ?linkcount .} # count of sitelinks } limit 1000 |sort=P569 |columns=label:name,P18,description,P106,P569,P570,P19,P20,item:nasc wikidata,?linkcount:méid naisc |thumb=40 |autolist=fallback |links=red |summary=itemnumber }} {| class='wikitable sortable' ! name ! íomhá ! description ! gairm ! dáta breithe ! dáta báis ! áit bhreithe ! áit bháis ! nasc wikidata ! méid naisc |- | [[Margaret FitzGerald, Cuntaois Urumhan]] | [[Íomhá:Unknown early 15th century lady on palimpsest chest tomb of Piers Butler, 8th Earl of Ormond (1467-1539), St Canice's Cathedral, Kilkenny, supposed to represent his wife Margaret Fitzgerald.jpg|center|40px]] | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] person (1401–1542) ♀; child of [[Gearóid Mór Mac Gearailt]] agus Alison Eustace; spouse of Piers Butler, 8ú hIarla Urumhan | | data-sort-value="1401" | 15th century | data-sort-value="1542" | 1542-08-09 | | [[Cill Chainnigh]] | [[:d:Q208901|Q208901]] | 4 |- | [[Elizabeth Stanhope]] | [[Íomhá:Elizabeth Countess of Chesterfield.png|center|40px]] | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] person (1640–1665) ♀; child of James Butler, 1st Duke of Ormonde agus Elizabeth Butler; spouse of Philip Stanhope | | data-sort-value="1640" | 1640-06-29 | data-sort-value="1665" | 1665-07 | [[Caisleán Chill Chainnigh]] | | [[:d:Q245681|Q245681]] | 3 |- | [[Grizel Steevens]] | [[Íomhá:Grizell Steevens.png|center|40px]] | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]]-[[Ríocht na Breataine Móire|ríocht na breataine móire]] benefactor (1653–1746) ♀ | [[benefactor]] | data-sort-value="1653" | 1653 | data-sort-value="1746" | 1746 | [[Sasana]] | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] | [[:d:Q1124291|Q1124291]] | 3 |- | [[Elizabeth Aldworth]] | [[Íomhá:MrsAldworth.jpg|center|40px]] | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] uasal (1692–1773) ♀; child of Arthur St Leger, 1st Viscount Doneraile agus Elizabeth Hayes; spouse of Richard Aldworth | [[uasal]] | data-sort-value="1692" | 1692<br/>1695 | data-sort-value="1773" | 1773<br/>1772-05-11 | [[Dún ar Aill]] | [[Contae Chorcaí]] | [[:d:Q1773537|Q1773537]] | 11 |- | [[Elizabeth Griffith]] | [[Íomhá:Elizabeth griffith.jpg|center|40px]] | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]]-[[An Bhreatain Bheag|breatnach]] aisteoir stáitse, [[Scríbhneoir|scríbhneoir]], scríbhneoir aistí, drámadóir agus [[Aisteoir|aisteoir]] (1727–1793) ♀ | [[aisteoir stáitse]]<br/>[[scríbhneoir]]<br/>[[scríbhneoir aistí]]<br/>[[drámadóir]]<br/>[[aisteoir]] | data-sort-value="1727" | 1727-10-11 | data-sort-value="1793" | 1793-01-05 | [[Sir Forgannwg]] | [[Cill Dara]] | [[:d:Q1331217|Q1331217]] | 7 |- | [[Nano Nagle]] | [[Íomhá:Nano Nagle.jpg|center|40px]] | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] bean rialta Chríostaí, ban-ab (1728–1784) ♀ | [[bean rialta Chríostaí]] | data-sort-value="1728" | 1728 | data-sort-value="1784" | 1784-04-20 | [[Contae Chorcaí]] | [[Corcaigh]] | [[:d:Q596669|Q596669]] | 11 |- | [[Amelia Curran]] | | péintéir Éireannach (1775–1847) | [[péintéir]] | data-sort-value="1775" | 1775 | data-sort-value="1847" | 1847 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] | [[an Róimh]] | [[:d:Q2842660|Q2842660]] | 10 |- | [[Catherine McAuley]] | [[Íomhá:Photo mcauley.jpg|center|40px]] | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] duine rialta, [[Bean rialta|bean rialta]] agus [[Altra|altra]] (1778–1841) ♀ | [[duine rialta]]<br/>[[bean rialta]]<br/>[[altra]] | data-sort-value="1778" | 1778-09-29 | data-sort-value="1841" | 1841-11-11 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] | [[:d:Q2736460|Q2736460]] | 15 |- | [[Anna Doyle Wheeler]] | [[Íomhá:Anna Doyle Wheeler.jpg|center|40px]] | ceoltóir agus gníomhaí ar son cearta na mban | [[scríbhneoir]]<br/>[[gníomhaí ar son chearta na mban]]<br/>[[sufraigéid]]<br/>[[salonnière]]<br/>[[fealsamh]]<br/>[[feimineach]] | data-sort-value="1785" | 1785 | data-sort-value="1848" | 1848-05-07 | [[Contae Thiobraid Árann]] | [[Camden Town]] | [[:d:Q4766969|Q4766969]] | 12 |- | [[Anna Maria Hall]] | [[Íomhá:Forlorn-hope-amhall.png|center|40px]] | úrscéalaí Éireannach | [[scríbhneoir]]<br/>[[úrscéalaí]]<br/>[[iriseoir]]<br/>[[scríbhneoir litríocht pháistí]]<br/>[[eagarthóir]]<br/>[[daonchara]] | data-sort-value="1800" | 1800-01-06 | data-sort-value="1881" | 1881-01-30 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] | [[Molesey]] | [[:d:Q562000|Q562000]] | 16 |- | [[Barbara Arbuthnott]] | [[Íomhá:Barbara Arbuthnott og Lars Olsen Hoås SU-L01.0296 (cropped).jpg|center|40px]] | scríbhneoir | [[feirmeoir]] | data-sort-value="1822" | 1822-09-05 | data-sort-value="1904" | 1904-08-28 | [[An Teampall Mór]] | | [[:d:Q4858720|Q4858720]] | 4 |- | [[Joanna Hiffernan]] | [[Íomhá:Courbe Portrait de Jo.jpg|center|40px]] | mainicín Éireannach | [[mainicín ealaíne]]<br/>[[péintéir]]<br/>[[Mainicín faisin|mainicín]] | data-sort-value="1843" | 1843 | data-sort-value="2000" | 20th century<br/>1903 | [[Luimneach]] | [[Holborn]] | [[:d:Q457483|Q457483]] | 15 |- | [[Ellen (Nellie) Cashman]] | [[Íomhá:Ellen Cashman.gif|center|40px]] | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] taiscéalaí, bialannaí agus prospector (1845–1925) ♀; Alaska Women's Hall of Fame, Arizona Women's Hall of Fame, National Cowgirl Museum and Hall of Fame agus Alaska Mining Hall of Fame | [[taiscéalaí]]<br/>[[bialannaí]]<br/>[[prospector]] | data-sort-value="1845" | 1845-08-25 | data-sort-value="1925" | 1925-01-04 | [[An Cóbh]] | [[Victoria, an Cholóim Bhriotanach|Victoria]] | [[:d:Q602294|Q602294]] | 8 |- | [[Annie Jessy Curwen]] | | múinteoir ceoil Éireannach | [[pianódóir]]<br/>[[múinteoir]]<br/>[[scríbhneoir litríocht pháistí]] | data-sort-value="1845" | 1845 | data-sort-value="1932" | 1932 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] | [[:d:Q4769321|Q4769321]] | 1 |- | [[Alice Stopford Green]] | [[Íomhá:Alicestopfordgreen.jpg|center|40px]] | polaiteoir Éireannach | [[staraí]]<br/>[[polaiteoir]]<br/>[[scríbhneoir]] | data-sort-value="1847" | 1847-05-30 | data-sort-value="1929" | 1929-05-28 | [[Ceanannas]] | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] | [[:d:Q4726110|Q4726110]] | 8 |- | [[Fanny Parnell]] | [[Íomhá:Miss Fanny Parnell 1882.jpg|center|40px]] | file Éireannach (1848 – 1882) | [[scríbhneoir]]<br/>[[file]] | data-sort-value="1848" | 1848-09-04 | data-sort-value="1882" | 1882-07-20 | | | [[:d:Q3066476|Q3066476]] | 5 |- | [[George Egerton]] | [[Íomhá:George Egerton in the 1930s.jpg|center|40px]] | [[Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Thuaisceart Éireann|Briotanach]]-[[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|éireannaigh]]-[[An Astráil|astrálach]] [[Scríbhneoir|scríbhneoir]], drámadóir, [[Úrscéalaí|úrscéalaí]] agus aistritheoir (1859–1945) ♀; child of John Joseph Dunne agus Elizabeth George; spouse of Reginald Edward Golding Bright, Henry Peter Higginson agus Egerton Clairmonte | [[scríbhneoir]]<br/>[[drámadóir]]<br/>[[úrscéalaí]]<br/>[[aistritheoir]] | data-sort-value="1859" | 1859-12-14<br/>1860 | data-sort-value="1945" | 1945-08-12 | [[an Astráil]] | [[Londain]] | [[:d:Q273207|Q273207]] | 10 |- | [[Amanda McKittrick Ros]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] [[File|file]], [[Scríbhneoir|scríbhneoir]] agus [[Úrscéalaí|úrscéalaí]] (1860–1939) ♀; notable work Irene Iddesleigh | [[file]]<br/>[[scríbhneoir]]<br/>[[úrscéalaí]] | data-sort-value="1860" | 1860-12-08 | data-sort-value="1939" | 1939-02-02 | [[Baile na hInse, Contae an Dúin]] | [[Béal Feirste]] | [[:d:Q4739696|Q4739696]] | 4 |- | [[May Langrishe]] | | imreoir leadóige Éireannach | [[imreoir leadóige]] | data-sort-value="1864" | 1864-12-31 | data-sort-value="1939" | 1939-01-24 | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éire]] | [[Charmouth]] | [[:d:Q1727762|Q1727762]] | 4 |- | [[Louisa Martin]] | [[Íomhá:Mollie martin.jpg|center|40px]] | imreoir leadóige Éireannach | [[imreoir leadóige]] | data-sort-value="1865" | 1865-09-03 | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-10-24 | [[An Dúcharraig]] | [[Port Rois]] | [[:d:Q1395948|Q1395948]] | 12 |- | [[Lena Rice]] | [[Íomhá:Lena rice.jpg|center|40px]] | [[Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus na hÉireann|Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus na hÉireann]] imreoir leadóige (1866–1907) ♀ | [[imreoir leadóige]] | data-sort-value="1866" | 1866-06-21 | data-sort-value="1907" | 1907-06-21 | [[Loch Ceann]] | [[Loch Ceann]] | [[:d:Q267303|Q267303]] | 22 |- | [[Aleen Cust]] | [[Íomhá:Aleen Cust portrait.jpg|center|40px]] | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] [[Tréidlia|tréidlia]] (1868–1937) ♀; child of Sir Leopold Cust, 2nd Baronet agus Charlotte Sobieske Isabel Bridgeman | [[tréidlia]] | data-sort-value="1868" | 1868 | data-sort-value="1937" | 1937 | [[Tiobraid Árann (baile)|Tiobraid Árann]] | [[Iamáice]] | [[:d:Q4714359|Q4714359]] | 7 |- | [[Annie Patterson]] | | orgánaí agus cumadóir ceoil | [[ceoleolaí]]<br/>[[cumadóir]]<br/>[[múinteoir ceoil]]<br/>[[orgánaí]]<br/>[[iriseoir]]<br/>[[léachtóir]] | data-sort-value="1868" | 1868-10-27 | data-sort-value="1934" | 1934-01-16 | [[An Lorgain]] | [[Corcaigh]] | [[:d:Q4769404|Q4769404]] | 7 |- | [[M. Obré]] | [[Íomhá:Ireland England 1903.jpg|center|40px]] | imreoir badmantain | [[imreoir badmantain]] | data-sort-value="1870" | 1870s | data-sort-value="2000" | 20th century | | | [[:d:Q55739841|Q55739841]] | 1 |- | [[Annie M. P. Smithson]] | | scríbhneoir Éireannach | [[cnáimhseach]]<br/>[[údar]]<br/>[[altra]]<br/>[[gníomhaí polaitiúil]] | data-sort-value="1873" | 1873-09-26 | data-sort-value="1948" | 1948-02-21 | [[Dumhach Thrá]] | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] | [[:d:Q4769366|Q4769366]] | 3 |- | [[Annie Moore]] | [[Íomhá:Annie Moore.png|center|40px]] | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]]-[[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá|meiriceánach]] person (1874–1924) ♀ | | data-sort-value="1874" | 1874-04-24 | data-sort-value="1924" | 1924-12-06 | [[Corcaigh]] | [[Manhattan]] | [[:d:Q529195|Q529195]] | 6 |- | [[Eilís Ní Phartholáin]] | | scríbhneoir agus gníomhaí Éireannach | [[file]]<br/>[[gearrscéalaí]]<br/>[[gníomhaí polaitiúil]] | data-sort-value="1875" | 1875-11-26 | data-sort-value="1946" | 1946 | [[Contae Bhaile Átha Cliath]] | | [[:d:Q4725870|Q4725870]] | 4 |- | [[Bickford]] | | imreoir badmantain | [[imreoir badmantain]] | data-sort-value="1875" | 1875 | data-sort-value="2000" | 20th century | | | [[:d:Q55739807|Q55739807]] | 0 |- | [[T. D. Good-Carroll]] | [[Íomhá:Ireland England 1903.jpg|center|40px]] | imreoir badmantain | [[imreoir badmantain]] | data-sort-value="1879" | 1879-11-01 | data-sort-value="1958" | 1958-02-21 | [[An Charraig Dhubh]] | [[Droichead na Dothra]] | [[:d:Q27044123|Q27044123]] | 3 |- | [[Sara Allgood]] | [[Íomhá:Sara Allgood 1939.JPG|center|40px]] | ban-aisteoir Éireannach | [[aisteoir stáitse]]<br/>[[aisteoir scannáin]]<br/>[[aisteoir]] | data-sort-value="1880" | 1880-10-30<br/>1883 | data-sort-value="1950" | 1950-09-13 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] | [[Woodland Hills]] | [[:d:Q238070|Q238070]] | 30 |- | [[Mary Dickenson-Auner]] | | cumadóir Éireannach | [[cumadóir]]<br/>[[veidhleadóir]] | data-sort-value="1880" | 1880-10-24 | data-sort-value="1965" | 1965-05-25 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] | [[Vín]] | [[:d:Q1719083|Q1719083]] | 4 |- | [[Irene Hamilton]] | | imreoir badmantain | [[imreoir badmantain]] | data-sort-value="1880" | 1880s | data-sort-value="2000" | 20th century | | | [[:d:Q55739833|Q55739833]] | 0 |- | [[Manders]] | [[Íomhá:Mrs Manders.jpg|center|40px]] | imreoir badmantain | [[imreoir badmantain]] | data-sort-value="1880" | 1880s | data-sort-value="2000" | 20th century | | | [[:d:Q55739843|Q55739843]] | 1 |- | [[Hazlett]] | [[Íomhá:Irish International Badminton team 1909.jpg|center|40px]] | imreoir badmantain | [[imreoir badmantain]] | data-sort-value="1880" | 1880s | data-sort-value="2000" | 20th century | | | [[:d:Q84044654|Q84044654]] | 1 |- | [[Louisa Plews]] | [[Íomhá:Irish International Badminton team 1912.jpg|center|40px]] | imreoir badmantain | [[imreoir badmantain]] | data-sort-value="1881" | 1881 | data-sort-value="1969" | 1969-12-10 | | [[Baile na Lobhar]] | [[:d:Q55739855|Q55739855]] | 1 |- | [[Beatrice Elvery]] | [[Íomhá:William Orpen Bridgit.JPG|center|40px]] | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] péintéir, ealaíontóir gloine daite, dealbhóir agus maisitheoir (fl. 1904–1970) (1881–1970) ♀ | [[péintéir]]<br/>[[ealaíontóir gloine daite]]<br/>[[dealbhóir]]<br/>[[maisitheoir]] | data-sort-value="1883" | 1883-04-30 | data-sort-value="1970" | 1970-05-21 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] | | [[:d:Q4877145|Q4877145]] | 4 |- | [[Storey]] | | imreoir badmantain | [[imreoir badmantain]] | data-sort-value="1885" | 1885 | data-sort-value="2000" | 20th century | | | [[:d:Q55739860|Q55739860]] | 0 |- | [[Brigid Tunney]] | | amhránaí sean-nóis Éireannach | [[amhránaí]] | data-sort-value="1886" | 1886 | data-sort-value="1975" | 1975 | [[Rushen]] | | [[:d:Q4967857|Q4967857]] | 1 |- | [[H. Pigot]] | | imreoir badmantain | [[imreoir badmantain]] | data-sort-value="1887" | 1887 | data-sort-value="2000" | 20th century | | | [[:d:Q65554314|Q65554314]] | 0 |- | [[C. Johnstone]] | | imreoir badmantain | [[imreoir badmantain]] | data-sort-value="1888" | 1888 | data-sort-value="2000" | 20th century | | | [[:d:Q27574560|Q27574560]] | 0 |- | [[Nora Lambert]] | [[Íomhá:Miss Lambert.jpg|center|40px]] | imreoir badmantain | [[imreoir badmantain]] | data-sort-value="1888" | 1888 | data-sort-value="2000" | 20th century | | | [[:d:Q65554502|Q65554502]] | 1 |- | [[F. O. D. Trench]] | | imreoir badmantain | [[imreoir badmantain]] | data-sort-value="1889" | 1889 | data-sort-value="2000" | 20th century | | | [[:d:Q27574551|Q27574551]] | 0 |- | [[E. F. Stewart]] | | imreoir badmantain | [[imreoir badmantain]] | data-sort-value="1890" | 1890s | data-sort-value="2000" | 20th century | | | [[:d:Q55739822|Q55739822]] | 0 |- | [[Bridget Dowling]] | [[Íomhá:Bridget Dowling Hitler NYWTS.jpg|center|40px]] | céilí Alois Hitler | [[scríbhneoir]] | data-sort-value="1891" | 1891-07-03 | data-sort-value="1969" | 1969-11-18 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] | [[Long Island]] | [[:d:Q454576|Q454576]] | 16 |- | [[Patricia Collinge]] | [[Íomhá:Patricia-collinge-trailer.jpg|center|40px]] | ban-aisteoir Meiriceánach | [[scríbhneoir]]<br/>[[aisteoir stáitse]]<br/>[[aisteoir teilifíse]]<br/>[[scríbhneoir scripte]]<br/>[[aisteoir scannáin]]<br/>[[aisteoir]] | data-sort-value="1892" | 1892-09-20 | data-sort-value="1974" | 1974-04-10 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] | [[Nua-Eabhrac (cathair)|Nua-Eabhrac]] | [[:d:Q177208|Q177208]] | 20 |- | [[Kitty Kiernan]] | [[Íomhá:Kitty Kiernan.jpg|center|40px]] | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] réabhlóidí agus gníomhaí (1892–1945) ♀ | [[réabhlóidí]]<br/>[[gníomhaí]] | data-sort-value="1892" | 1892-01-26 | data-sort-value="1945" | 1945-07-24 | [[Gránard]] | | [[:d:Q4581421|Q4581421]] | 10 |- | [[Dorothy Colpoys]] | | imreoir badmantain | [[imreoir badmantain]] | data-sort-value="1894" | 1894-11-26 | data-sort-value="1980" | 1980 | [[Surrey]] | [[Devon]] | [[:d:Q27783241|Q27783241]] | 2 |- | [[A. M. Head]] | [[Íomhá:Mrs A.M. Head.jpg|center|40px]] | imreoir badmantain | [[imreoir badmantain]] | data-sort-value="1895" | 1895 | data-sort-value="2000" | 20th century | | | [[:d:Q15290937|Q15290937]] | 4 |- | [[Enid Starkie]] | | léirmheastóir liteartha Éireannach | [[múinteoir ollscoile]]<br/>[[beathaisnéisí]]<br/>[[scríbhneoir]]<br/>[[focleolaí]] | data-sort-value="1897" | 1897-08-18 | data-sort-value="1970" | 1970-04-21 | [[Cill Iníon Léinín]] | | [[:d:Q1343100|Q1343100]] | 3 |- | [[Ninette de Valois]] | [[Íomhá:Ninette de Valois (1974).jpg|center|40px]] | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]]-[[Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Thuaisceart Éireann|briotanach]] damhsóir bailé, cóiréagrafaí, leabhrógaí, máistir bailé, [[Scríbhneoir|scríbhneoir]], múinteoir bailé, [[Stiúrthóir scannán|stiúrthóir scannán]], ballet director agus damhsóir (1898–2001) ♀; Chevalier de la Légion d'honneur‎, Gradam Laurence Olivier, Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire, Duais Erasmus, Companion of Honour, Ord Fiúntais, Bonn Albert, Society of London Theatre Special Award, Critics' Circle Award for Distinguished Service to the Arts agus Queen Elizabeth II Coronation Award; member of Acadamh Ealaíona agus Eolaíochtaí Mheiriceá; child of Thomas Robert Alexander Stannus agus Elizabeth Graydon Smith; spouse of Arthur Blackall Connell | [[damhsóir bailé]]<br/>[[cóiréagrafaí]]<br/>[[leabhrógaí]]<br/>[[máistir bailé]]<br/>[[scríbhneoir]]<br/>[[múinteoir bailé]]<br/>[[stiúrthóir scannán]]<br/>[[ballet director]]<br/>[[damhsóir]] | data-sort-value="1898" | 1898-06-06 | data-sort-value="2001" | 2001-03-08 | [[Baile Coimín]] | [[Londain]] | [[:d:Q234436|Q234436]] | 33 |- | [[Elizabeth Bowen]] | [[Íomhá:Elizabeth Bowen (cropped).png|center|40px]] | scríbhneoir Éireannach | [[scríbhneoir]]<br/>[[úrscéalaí]]<br/>[[gearrscéalaí]] | data-sort-value="1899" | 1899-06-07 | data-sort-value="1973" | 1973-02-22 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] | [[Londain]] | [[:d:Q235308|Q235308]] | 43 |- | [[Eileen Percy]] | [[Íomhá:Eileen Percy - Aug 14 1920 EH.jpg|center|40px]] | aisteoir Gael-Mheiriceánach (1900-1973) | [[aisteoir]]<br/>[[aisteoir scannáin]] | data-sort-value="1900" | 1900-08-21 | data-sort-value="1973" | 1973-07-29 | [[Béal Feirste]] | [[Los Angeles, California|Los Angeles]] | [[:d:Q2070491|Q2070491]] | 12 |- | [[D. Anderson]] | | imreoir badmantain | [[imreoir badmantain]] | data-sort-value="1900" | 1900s | data-sort-value="2000" | 20th century | | | [[:d:Q55739817|Q55739817]] | 0 |- | [[D. Pilkington]] | | imreoir badmantain | [[imreoir badmantain]] | data-sort-value="1900" | 1900s | data-sort-value="2000" | 20th century | | | [[:d:Q55739819|Q55739819]] | 0 |- | [[Muriel Homan]] | | imreoir badmantain | [[imreoir badmantain]] | data-sort-value="1900" | 1900s | data-sort-value="2000" | 20th century | | | [[:d:Q55739840|Q55739840]] | 0 |- | [[Iris Origo]] | [[Íomhá:Iris Origo Donata.jpg|center|40px]] | scríbhneoir Briotanach | [[staraí]]<br/>[[scríbhneoir]]<br/>[[feirmeoir]]<br/>[[beathaisnéisí]]<br/>[[dialannaí]] | data-sort-value="1902" | 1902-08-15 | data-sort-value="1988" | 1988-06-28 | [[Gloucestershire]] | [[Siena]] | [[:d:Q518613|Q518613]] | 8 |- | [[Mary Katherine Herbert]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] spiaire agus gníomhaire SOE (1903–1983) ♀; spouse of Claude de Baissac | [[spiaire]]<br/>[[gníomhaire SOE]] | data-sort-value="1903" | 1903-10-01 | data-sort-value="1983" | 1983-01-23 | [[Cas-gwent]] | [[Frant]] | [[:d:Q3296186|Q3296186]] | 6 |- | [[Ellen Organ]] | [[Íomhá:Little Nellie of Holy God.gif|center|40px]] | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] misteach agus visionary (1903–1908) ♀ | [[misteach]]<br/>[[visionary]] | data-sort-value="1903" | 1903-08-24 | data-sort-value="1908" | 1908-02-02 | [[Port Láirge]] | [[Corcaigh]] | [[:d:Q3337916|Q3337916]] | 5 |- | [[Molly Keane]] | | scríbhneoir Éireannach | [[úrscéalaí]]<br/>[[scríbhneoir]]<br/>[[drámadóir]]<br/>[[aisteoir]] | data-sort-value="1904" | 1904-07-20 | data-sort-value="1996" | 1996-04-22 | [[Contae Chill Dara]] | [[Aird Mhór]] | [[:d:Q4958431|Q4958431]] | 7 |- | [[Derreen Good]] | | imreoir badmantain | [[imreoir badmantain]] | data-sort-value="1904" | 1904-08-15 | data-sort-value="2000" | 20th century | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] | | [[:d:Q55739818|Q55739818]] | 1 |- | [[Norma Stoker]] | [[Íomhá:Norma Stoker.jpg|center|40px]] | imreoir badmantain | [[imreoir leadóige]]<br/>[[imreoir badmantain]] | data-sort-value="1905" | 1905-03-26 | data-sort-value="1962" | 1962-08-21 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] | [[Contae Bhaile Átha Cliath]] | [[:d:Q1999289|Q1999289]] | 5 |- | [[Olive Wilson]] | | imreoir badmantain | [[imreoir badmantain]] | data-sort-value="1905" | 1905 | data-sort-value="1948" | 1948 | [[Doire]] | | [[:d:Q2019968|Q2019968]] | 2 |- | [[Edel Quinn]] | [[Íomhá:Edel Quinn.png|center|40px]] | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] misinéir (1907–1944) ♀ | [[misinéir]] | data-sort-value="1907" | 1907-09-14 | data-sort-value="1944" | 1944-05-12 | [[Ceann Toirc]] | [[Nairobi]] | [[:d:Q443996|Q443996]] | 14 |- | [[G. Good]] | | imreoir badmantain | [[imreoir badmantain]] | data-sort-value="1908" | 1908 | data-sort-value="2000" | 20th century | | | [[:d:Q65554295|Q65554295]] | 0 |- | [[Christabel Bielenberg]] | | [[Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Thuaisceart Éireann|Briotanach]]-[[An Ghearmáin|gearmánach]]-[[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|éireannaigh]] [[Scríbhneoir|scríbhneoir]] agus trodaí frithbheartaíochta (1909–2003) ♀; Commander's Cross of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany; child of Percy Collingwood Burton agus Christabel Rose Harmsworth; spouse of Peter Bielenberg | [[scríbhneoir]]<br/>[[trodaí frithbheartaíochta]] | data-sort-value="1909" | 1909-06-18 | data-sort-value="2003" | 2003-11-02 | [[Londain]] | [[An Tulach]] | [[:d:Q97287|Q97287]] | 7 |- | [[Margaret Kelly]] | [[Íomhá:MargaretKellyYoung.JPG|center|40px]] | damhsóir Éireannach | [[bainisteoir]]<br/>[[cóiréagrafaí]]<br/>[[damhsóir]] | data-sort-value="1910" | 1910-06-24 | data-sort-value="2004" | 2004-09-11 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] | [[Páras]] | [[:d:Q1747577|Q1747577]] | 8 |- | [[Eileen Goulding]] | [[Íomhá:Irish Leinster Interprovincial Badminton team 1936.jpg|center|40px]] | imreoir badmantain | [[imreoir badmantain]] | data-sort-value="1910" | 1910s | | | | [[:d:Q84044350|Q84044350]] | 1 |- | [[Billy Kelly]] | [[Íomhá:Billie Kelly.jpg|center|40px]] | imreoir badmantain | [[imreoir badmantain]] | data-sort-value="1910" | 1910s | | | | [[:d:Q84044367|Q84044367]] | 1 |- | [[Mavis Macnaughton]] | [[Íomhá:Mavis Hamilton.jpg|center|40px]] | imreoir badmantain | [[imreoir badmantain]] | data-sort-value="1911" | 1911-09-14 | data-sort-value="1958" | 1958-11 | [[Ráth Domhnaigh]] | | [[:d:Q1647577|Q1647577]] | 5 |- | [[G. Carty]] | [[Íomhá:Badminton 1939.JPG|center|40px]] | imreoir badmantain | [[imreoir badmantain]] | data-sort-value="1911" | 1911 | | | | [[:d:Q65554294|Q65554294]] | 1 |- | [[Marguerite Dockrell]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] snámhóir (1912–1983) ♀; child of [[Henry Morgan Dockrell]] | [[snámhóir]] | data-sort-value="1912" | 1912-03-10 | data-sort-value="1983" | 1983-09 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] | [[Northampton]] | [[:d:Q23936583|Q23936583]] | 4 |- | [[Geraldine Fitzgerald]] | [[Íomhá:Geraldine-Fitzgerald-August-1944.jpg|center|40px]] | ban-aisteoir Gael-Mheiriceánach | [[amhránaí]]<br/>[[aisteoir stáitse]]<br/>[[aisteoir scannáin]]<br/>[[aisteoir teilifíse]]<br/>[[stiúrthóir drámaíochta]]<br/>[[aisteoir]] | data-sort-value="1913" | 1913-11-24 | data-sort-value="2005" | 2005-07-17 | [[Na Clocha Liatha]] | [[Upper East Side]] | [[:d:Q236396|Q236396]] | 38 |- | [[Anita Leslie]] | | beathaisnéisí Éireannach | [[beathaisnéisí]]<br/>[[scríbhneoir]] | data-sort-value="1914" | 1914-11-21 | data-sort-value="1985" | 1985-11-05 | | | [[:d:Q4765648|Q4765648]] | 2 |- | [[Joyce Redman]] | | aisteoir Angla-Éireannach | [[aisteoir teilifíse]]<br/>[[aisteoir scannáin]]<br/>[[aisteoir stáitse]]<br/>[[aisteoir]]<br/>[[amharclannóir]] | data-sort-value="1915" | 1915-12-09 | data-sort-value="2012" | 2012-05-10 | [[Gosforth]] | [[Pembury]] | [[:d:Q442956|Q442956]] | 17 |- | [[Dorothy Donaldson]] | | imreoir badmantain | [[imreoir badmantain]]<br/>[[imreoir haca]] | data-sort-value="1915" | 1915 | data-sort-value="2011" | 2011-09-04 | [[Port Láirge]] | | [[:d:Q1250293|Q1250293]] | 4 |- | [[E. Hall]] | | imreoir badmantain | [[imreoir badmantain]] | data-sort-value="1915" | 1915 | | | | [[:d:Q134423755|Q134423755]] | 0 |- | [[Bridie O'Flaherty]] | | polaiteoir Éireannach | [[polaiteoir]] | data-sort-value="1917" | 1917-10-27 | data-sort-value="2006" | 2006-01-12 | | [[Gaillimh]] | [[:d:Q914007|Q914007]] | 2 |- | [[Maeve Brennan]] | | scríbhneoir Éireannach | [[iriseoir]]<br/>[[léirmheastóir liteartha]]<br/>[[scríbhneoir]]<br/>[[úrscéalaí]]<br/>[[colúnaí]] | data-sort-value="1917" | 1917-01-06 | data-sort-value="1993" | 1993-11-01 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] | [[Nua-Eabhrac (cathair)|Nua-Eabhrac]] | [[:d:Q1883652|Q1883652]] | 9 |- | [[Margaret Barry]] | | ceoltóir Éireannach | [[bainseóí]]<br/>[[amhránaí]]<br/>[[ceoltóir]] | data-sort-value="1917" | 1917 | data-sort-value="1989" | 1989 | [[Corcaigh]] | [[Baile Labhráis]] | [[:d:Q2073268|Q2073268]] | 4 |- | [[Marie Kean]] | | ban-aisteoir Éireannach | [[aisteoir scannáin]]<br/>[[aisteoir]] | data-sort-value="1918" | 1918-06-27 | data-sort-value="1993" | 1993-12-29 | [[An Ros, Contae Bhaile Átha Cliath|An Ros]] | [[Domhnach Broc]] | [[:d:Q3292619|Q3292619]] | 7 |- | [[Josie MacAvin]] | | dearthóir seit | [[dearthóir léiriúchán]] | data-sort-value="1919" | 1919-04-23 | data-sort-value="2005" | 2005-01-26 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] | [[Baile na Manach]] | [[:d:Q178716|Q178716]] | 8 |- | [[Barbara Good]] | [[Íomhá:Barbara J. Good.jpg|center|40px]] | imreoir badmantain | [[imreoir badmantain]] | data-sort-value="1920" | 1920 | | | | [[:d:Q807442|Q807442]] | 3 |- | [[Elizabeth Shaw]] | [[Íomhá:Elizabeth Shaw (1989) by Guenter Prust.jpg|center|40px]] | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] scigealaíontóir, maisitheoir, cartúnaí, maisitheoir, ealaíontóir grafach, [[Grianghrafadóir|grianghrafadóir]], [[Scríbhneoir|scríbhneoir]] agus scríbhneoir litríocht pháistí (1920–1992) ♀; Gutenberg Prize | [[scigealaíontóir]]<br/>[[maisitheoir]]<br/>[[cartúnaí]]<br/>[[ealaíontóir grafach]]<br/>[[grianghrafadóir]]<br/>[[scríbhneoir]]<br/>[[scríbhneoir litríocht pháistí]] | data-sort-value="1920" | 1920-05-04 | data-sort-value="1992" | 1992-06-27 | [[Béal Feirste]] | [[Beirlín]] | [[:d:Q1331314|Q1331314]] | 3 |- | [[Eilís Dillon]] | | scríbhneoir Éireannach | [[file]]<br/>[[scríbhneoir]]<br/>[[scríbhneoir litríocht pháistí]] | data-sort-value="1920" | 1920-03-07 | data-sort-value="1994" | 1994-07-19 | [[Gaillimh]] | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] | [[:d:Q1567235|Q1567235]] | 9 |- | [[Nora Conway]] | [[Íomhá:Badminton 1939.JPG|center|40px]] | imreoir badmantain | [[imreoir badmantain]] | data-sort-value="1920" | 1920s | data-sort-value="2010" | 2010s | | | [[:d:Q6457791|Q6457791]] | 3 |- | [[B. Potter]] | | imreoir badmantain Éireannach | [[imreoir badmantain]] | data-sort-value="1920" | 1920s | | | | [[:d:Q55739806|Q55739806]] | 0 |- | [[Leland Bardwell]] | | scríbhneoir Éireannach | [[scríbhneoir]]<br/>[[file]]<br/>[[drámadóir]] | data-sort-value="1922" | 1922-02-25 | data-sort-value="2016" | 2016-06-28 | [[Chennai]] | [[Sligeach]] | [[:d:Q1816611|Q1816611]] | 4 |- | [[Kathleen Ryan]] | [[Íomhá:Kathleen Ryan (in "Odd Man Out").png|center|40px]] | ban-aisteoir Éireannach | [[aisteoir]] | data-sort-value="1922" | 1922-09-08 | data-sort-value="1985" | 1985-12-11<br/>1985-11-11 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] | [[:d:Q3194084|Q3194084]] | 7 |- | [[V. H. Gillespie]] | | imreoir badmantain | [[imreoir badmantain]] | data-sort-value="1923" | 1923 | | | | [[:d:Q65554623|Q65554623]] | 0 |- | [[Mary Catherine Tinney]] | | taidhleoir Éireannach | [[taidhleoir]] | data-sort-value="1924" | 1924-02-15 | data-sort-value="2006" | 2006-11-22 | [[Albain]] | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] | [[:d:Q1410325|Q1410325]] | 3 |- | [[Sheila Manahan]] | | ban-aisteoir Éireannach | [[aisteoir]]<br/>[[aisteoir scannáin]] | data-sort-value="1924" | 1924-01-01 | data-sort-value="1988" | 1988-03-29 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] | [[Londain]] | [[:d:Q1414336|Q1414336]] | 4 |- | [[Anna Manahan]] | | ban-aisteoir Éireannach | [[aisteoir]]<br/>[[aisteoir stáitse]] | data-sort-value="1924" | 1924-10-18 | data-sort-value="2009" | 2009-03-08 | [[Contae Phort Láirge]] | [[Port Láirge]] | [[:d:Q2358194|Q2358194]] | 7 |- | [[Peggy Cummins]] | [[Íomhá:Peggy Cummins. Promotion 1950.jpg|center|40px]] | ban-aisteoir Éireannach a rugadh sa Bhreatain Bheag | [[aisteoir]]<br/>[[aisteoir stáitse]]<br/>[[aisteoir scannáin]] | data-sort-value="1925" | 1925-12-18 | data-sort-value="2017" | 2017-12-29 | [[Prestatyn]] | [[Londain]] | [[:d:Q441467|Q441467]] | 20 |- | [[Doreen Keogh]] | | ban-aisteoir Éireannach | [[aisteoir]] | data-sort-value="1925" | 1925-05-02<br/>1924-04-10 | data-sort-value="2017" | 2017-12-31 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] | [[Baile Mhic Andáin]] | [[:d:Q2018740|Q2018740]] | 5 |- | [[B. Curran]] | | imreoir badmantain | [[imreoir badmantain]] | data-sort-value="1925" | 1925 | | | | [[:d:Q65554200|Q65554200]] | 0 |- | [[W. Swann]] | | imreoir badmantain | [[imreoir badmantain]] | data-sort-value="1925" | 1925 | | | | [[:d:Q134573262|Q134573262]] | 0 |- | [[Anne McCaffrey]] | [[Íomhá:Anne McCaffrey 2005.JPG|center|40px]] | úrscéalaí Gael-Mheiriceánach | [[scríbhneoir]]<br/>[[úrscéalaí]]<br/>[[scríbhneoir ficsean eolaíochta]]<br/>[[scríbhneoir litríocht pháistí]] | data-sort-value="1926" | 1926-04-01 | data-sort-value="2011" | 2011-11-21 | [[Cambridge, Massachusetts|Cambridge]] | [[An Caisleán Nua, Contae Chill Mhantáin|An Caisleán Nua]] | [[:d:Q233046|Q233046]] | 40 |- | [[Alice Glenn]] | | polaiteoir Éireannach | [[polaiteoir]] | data-sort-value="1927" | 1927-12-17 | data-sort-value="2011" | 2011-12-16 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] | [[Deilginis]] | [[:d:Q2646906|Q2646906]] | 2 |- | [[Jean Kennedy Smith]] | [[Íomhá:Jean Kennedy c1953.jpg|center|40px]] | taidhleoir Gael-Mheiriceánach | [[taidhleoir]] | data-sort-value="1928" | 1928-02-20 | data-sort-value="2020" | 2020-06-17 | [[Bostún, Massachusetts|Bostún]] | [[Nua-Eabhrac (cathair)|Nua-Eabhrac]] | [[:d:Q272401|Q272401]] | 30 |- | [[Mona Baptiste]] | | [[Oileán na Tríonóide agus Tobága|Oileán na Tríonóide agus Tobága]]-[[Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Thuaisceart Éireann|briotanach]]-[[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|éireannaigh]] [[Aisteoir|aisteoir]], [[Amhránaí|amhránaí]] agus [[Ceoltóir|ceoltóir]] (fl. 1949–) (1928–1993) ♀; spouse of William Morrison | [[aisteoir]]<br/>[[amhránaí]]<br/>[[ceoltóir]] | data-sort-value="1928" | 1928-06-21 | data-sort-value="1993" | 1993-06-25 | [[Oileán na Tríonóide]] | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] | [[:d:Q1662382|Q1662382]] | 6 |- | [[Kitty Hayes]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] [[Ceoltóir|ceoltóir]] (1928–2008) ♀ | [[ceoltóir]] | data-sort-value="1928" | 1928 | data-sort-value="2008" | 2008-05-17 | | | [[:d:Q1949254|Q1949254]] | 3 |- | [[Maeve Kyle]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]]-[[Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Thuaisceart Éireann|briotanach]] imreoir haca, rábálaí agus reathaí meánfhaid (1928–2025) ♀; Oifigeach Ord Impireacht na Breataine | [[imreoir haca]]<br/>[[rábálaí]]<br/>[[reathaí meánfhaid]] | data-sort-value="1928" | 1928-10-06 | data-sort-value="2025" | 2025-07-23 | [[Cill Chainnigh]] | | [[:d:Q6729406|Q6729406]] | 6 |- | [[Sheila Smyth]] | | imreoir badmantain | [[imreoir badmantain]] | data-sort-value="1928" | 1928 | | | | [[:d:Q27793294|Q27793294]] | 0 |- | [[Catherine Gaskin]] | | úrscéalaí Gael-Astráileach | [[scríbhneoir]]<br/>[[úrscéalaí]] | data-sort-value="1929" | 1929-04-02 | data-sort-value="2009" | 2009-09-06 | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éire]]<br/>[[Dundalk Bay]] | [[Sydney]] | [[:d:Q513055|Q513055]] | 7 |- | [[Esme Mercer]] | | imreoir badmantain | [[imreoir badmantain]] | data-sort-value="1929" | 1929 | | | | [[:d:Q27672134|Q27672134]] | 0 |- | [[R. Gibson]] | | imreoir badmantain | [[imreoir badmantain]] | data-sort-value="1929" | 1929 | | | | [[:d:Q65554544|Q65554544]] | 0 |- | [[Jennifer Johnston]] | [[Íomhá:Jennifer Johnston (novelist).png|center|40px]] | scríbhneoir Éireannach | [[úrscéalaí]]<br/>[[scríbhneoir]] | data-sort-value="1930" | 1930-01-12 | data-sort-value="2025" | 2025-02-25 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] | [[Dún Laoghaire]] | [[:d:Q526219|Q526219]] | 14 |- | [[Yvonne Kelly]] | | imreoir badmantain | [[imreoir badmantain]] | data-sort-value="1930" | 1930s | | | | [[:d:Q1547285|Q1547285]] | 2 |- | [[Susan Devlin]] | | imreoir badmantain | [[imreoir badmantain]] | data-sort-value="1931" | 1931 | | [[Winnipeg]] | | [[:d:Q2363393|Q2363393]] | 3 |- | [[Yvonne Barr]] | | víreolaí Éireannach | [[vireolaí]] | data-sort-value="1932" | 1932-03-11 | data-sort-value="2016" | 2016-02-13 | [[Ceatharlach]] | [[Melbourne]] | [[:d:Q456705|Q456705]] | 13 |- | [[Anne Donnelly]] | | péintéir Éireannach | [[péintéir]] | data-sort-value="1932" | 1932 | | [[Béal Feirste]] | | [[:d:Q1117247|Q1117247]] | 3 |- | [[J. Duncan]] | | imreoir badmantain | [[imreoir badmantain]] | data-sort-value="1932" | 1932 | | | | [[:d:Q65554344|Q65554344]] | 0 |- | [[Jean Lawless]] | | imreoir badmantain | [[imreoir badmantain]] | data-sort-value="1933" | 1933 | | | | [[:d:Q13481865|Q13481865]] | 2 |- | [[Audrey Dalton]] | [[Íomhá:Audrey Dalton Wagon Train 1959.jpg|center|40px]] | ban-aisteoir Éireannach | [[aisteoir]]<br/>[[aisteoir scannáin]] | data-sort-value="1934" | 1934-01-21 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] | | [[:d:Q439915|Q439915]] | 19 |- | [[Ann Ormonde]] | | polaiteoir Éireannach | [[polaiteoir]] | data-sort-value="1935" | 1935-01-20 | | [[Coill Mhic Thomáisín]] | | [[:d:Q263468|Q263468]] | 2 |- | [[Nuala Fennell]] | [[Íomhá:Nuala Fennell, April 1983 (cropped).jpg|center|40px]] | polaiteoir Éireannach | [[polaiteoir]] | data-sort-value="1935" | 1935-11-25 | data-sort-value="2009" | 2009-08-11 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] | [[Bóthar Mhuirfean]] | [[:d:Q526634|Q526634]] | 5 |- | [[Mary Bryan]] | | imreoir badmantain | [[imreoir badmantain]] | data-sort-value="1936" | 1936 | data-sort-value="2017" | 2017-10-26 | [[Trá Lí]] | | [[:d:Q1906224|Q1906224]] | 2 |- | [[Elizabeth Shaughnessy]] | | [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá|Meiriceánach]] imreoir fichille (*1937) ♀ | [[imreoir fichille]] | data-sort-value="1937" | 1937 | | | | [[:d:Q5363498|Q5363498]] | 2 |- | [[Carmencita Hederman]] | | polaiteoir Éireannach | [[polaiteoir]] | data-sort-value="1939" | 1939-10-23 | data-sort-value="2025" | 2025-05-31 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] | | [[:d:Q1043753|Q1043753]] | 4 |- | [[Deirdre O'Connell]] | | ban-aisteoir agus amhránaí Gael-Mheiriceánach | [[aisteoir]]<br/>[[amhránaí]] | data-sort-value="1939" | 1939-06-16 | data-sort-value="2001" | 2001-06-09 | [[South Bronx]] | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] | [[:d:Q2916434|Q2916434]] | 5 |- | [[Alice Hanratty]] | | ealaíontóir Éireannach | [[péintéir]]<br/>[[ealaíontóir grafach]] | data-sort-value="1939" | 1939 | data-sort-value="2025" | 2025-05-13 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] | | [[:d:Q4725899|Q4725899]] | 2 |- | [[Gemma O'Connor]] | | scríbhneoir Éireannach | [[athchóiritheoir]]<br/>[[scríbhneoir]] | data-sort-value="1940" | 1940 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] | | [[:d:Q1501154|Q1501154]] | 4 |- | [[Lena Rea]] | | imreoir badmantain | [[imreoir badmantain]] | data-sort-value="1940" | 1940 | | | | [[:d:Q1817335|Q1817335]] | 2 |- | [[Aideen O'Kelly]] | | ban-aisteoir Éireannach | [[aisteoir]] | data-sort-value="1940" | 1940-09-05 | data-sort-value="2015" | 2015-04-22 | [[Deilginis]] | [[Englewood]] | [[:d:Q4696760|Q4696760]] | 2 |- | [[Alice O'Sullivan]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] person (*1940) ♀ | | data-sort-value="1940" | 1940 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] | | [[:d:Q4726040|Q4726040]] | 1 |- | [[Bernadette Greevy]] | | amhránaí | [[amhránaí ceoldrámaíochta]] | data-sort-value="1940" | 1940-07-03 | data-sort-value="2008" | 2008-09-26 | | | [[:d:Q4892795|Q4892795]] | 1 |- | [[Joan McCloy]] | | imreoir badmantain | [[imreoir badmantain]] | data-sort-value="1940" | 1940 | | | | [[:d:Q6519433|Q6519433]] | 2 |- | [[Fidelma Macken]] | | breitheamh Éireannach | [[breitheamh]]<br/>[[múinteoir ollscoile]]<br/>[[abhcóide]]<br/>[[saineolaí dlí]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-02-28 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] | | [[:d:Q1411301|Q1411301]] | 4 |- | [[Maureen Mockford]] | | imreoir badmantain | [[imreoir badmantain]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-03-27 | data-sort-value="2008" | 2008-01-12 | [[Béal Feirste]] | | [[:d:Q13481867|Q13481867]] | 3 |- | [[Claire Walsh]] | | reathaí meánraoin Éireannach | [[reathaí meánfhaid]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-05-27 | | | | [[:d:Q42294660|Q42294660]] | 2 |- | [[Jane Leslie]] | | imreoir badmantain | [[imreoir badmantain]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942 | | | | [[:d:Q65554348|Q65554348]] | 0 |- | [[Mary Dinan]] | | imreoir badmantain | [[imreoir badmantain]] | data-sort-value="1943" | 1943 | data-sort-value="2024" | 2024-11-02 | | | [[:d:Q6780729|Q6780729]] | 1 |- | [[Mary White]] | | polaiteoir Éireannach (Fianna Fáil) | [[polaiteoir]]<br/>[[duine den lucht gnó]] | data-sort-value="1944" | 1944-10-07 | data-sort-value="2026" | 2026-01-04 | [[Dún Dealgan]] | | [[:d:Q530899|Q530899]] | 5 |- | [[Margaret Murphy]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] cliathreathaí (*1944) ♀ | [[cliathreathaí]] | data-sort-value="1944" | 1944-09-21 | | | | [[:d:Q41446936|Q41446936]] | 1 |- | [[Mary Upton]] | | polaiteoir Éireannach | [[polaiteoir]] | data-sort-value="1946" | 1946-05-30 | | [[Cill Rois]] | | [[:d:Q540353|Q540353]] | 4 |- | [[Mary Freehill]] | [[Íomhá:Mary Freehill PES Group meeting 2019.jpg|center|40px]] | méara Éireannach | [[polaiteoir]] | data-sort-value="1946" | 1946-07-22 | | | | [[:d:Q1906258|Q1906258]] | 3 |- | [[Kate Walsh]] | | polaiteoir Éireannach | [[polaiteoir]] | data-sort-value="1947" | 1947-03-01 | data-sort-value="2007" | 2007-04-24 | [[Cill Droichid]] | | [[:d:Q2463581|Q2463581]] | 3 |- | [[Anne Harris]] | | iriseoir Éireannach | [[iriseoir]] | data-sort-value="1947" | 1947-08-25 | | | | [[:d:Q4768421|Q4768421]] | 2 |- | [[Sinéad Cusack]] | [[Íomhá:Sinead cusack 2021 1.jpg|center|40px]] | aisteoir Éireannach | [[aisteoir scannáin]]<br/>[[aisteoir stáitse]]<br/>[[aisteoir]] | data-sort-value="1948" | 1948-02-18 | | [[Deilginis]] | | [[:d:Q224782|Q224782]] | 18 |- | [[Bernie Malone]] | [[Íomhá:Bernie Malone, 1994.jpg|center|40px]] | polaiteoir Éireannach | [[polaiteoir]] | data-sort-value="1948" | 1948-03-26 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] | | [[:d:Q4894441|Q4894441]] | 7 |- | [[Ann Murray]] | [[Íomhá:Curtain Call (6766562451).jpg|center|40px]] | amhránaí ceoldrámaíochta Éireannach | [[amhránaí ceoldrámaíochta]] | data-sort-value="1949" | 1949-08-27 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] | | [[:d:Q462570|Q462570]] | 10 |- | [[Mary Bergin]] | | ceoltóir Éireannach | [[ceoltóir]] | data-sort-value="1949" | 1949-09-13 | | [[Seanchill]] | | [[:d:Q1627129|Q1627129]] | 5 |- | [[Sorcha Cusack]] | | ban-aisteoir Éireannach | [[aisteoir]]<br/>[[aisteoir scannáin]] | data-sort-value="1949" | 1949-04-09 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] | | [[:d:Q3491160|Q3491160]] | 20 |- | [[Mary Tracey-Purcell]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] reathaí meánfhaid (*1949) ♀ | [[reathaí meánfhaid]] | data-sort-value="1949" | 1949-05-22 | | | | [[:d:Q42293853|Q42293853]] | 4 |- | [[Maxi]] | | DJ, aisteoir agus ceoltóir Éireannach | [[amhránaí]] | data-sort-value="1950" | 1950-02-23 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] | | [[:d:Q510649|Q510649]] | 10 |- | [[Wendy Donnelly]] | | imreoir badmantain Éireannach | [[imreoir badmantain]] | data-sort-value="1950" | 1950s | | | | [[:d:Q2559274|Q2559274]] | 1 |- | [[Pádraigín Ní Uallacháin]] | [[Íomhá:Pádraigín Ní Uallacháin.jpg|center|40px]] | amhránaí agus ceoltóir Éireannach | [[amhránaí]]<br/>[[amhránaí is scríbhneoir]]<br/>[[scríbhneoir]]<br/>[[acadóir]]<br/>[[múinteoir]] | data-sort-value="1950" | 1950-08-23 | | [[Contae Lú]] | | [[:d:Q2729382|Q2729382]] | 4 |- | [[Gemma Craven]] | | amhránaí agus aisteoir Éireannach | [[amhránaí]]<br/>[[aisteoir]]<br/>[[ceoltóir]] | data-sort-value="1950" | 1950-06-01 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] | | [[:d:Q4943576|Q4943576]] | 8 |- | [[Brigid Boden]] | | amhránaí Éireannach | [[amhránaí]] | data-sort-value="1950" | 20th century | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] | | [[:d:Q4967845|Q4967845]] | 1 |- | [[Dorothy Cunningham]] | | imreoir badmantain | [[imreoir badmantain]] | data-sort-value="1950" | 1950 | | | | [[:d:Q26955634|Q26955634]] | 1 |- | [[F. Cunningham]] | | imreoir badmantain | [[imreoir badmantain]] | data-sort-value="1950" | 1950 | | | | [[:d:Q65554280|Q65554280]] | 0 |- | [[Sarah Ludford, Baroness Ludford]] | [[Íomhá:Official portrait of Baroness Ludford crop 2, 2024.jpg|center|40px]] | polaiteoir Briotanach (rugadh 1951) | [[polaiteoir]] | data-sort-value="1951" | 1951-03-14 | | [[Halesworth]] | | [[:d:Q336425|Q336425]] | 10 |- | [[Adele King]] | | ban-aisteoir Éireannach | [[aisteoir]] | data-sort-value="1951" | 1951-04-04 | | | | [[:d:Q4681892|Q4681892]] | 1 |- | [[Ann McQuaid]] | | curachóir Éireannach | [[canúálaí]] | data-sort-value="1951" | 1951-08-26 | | | | [[:d:Q4766565|Q4766565]] | 1 |- | [[Anne Anderson]] | [[Íomhá:Anne Anderson (cropped).jpg|center|40px]] | taidhleoir Éireannach | [[taidhleoir]] | data-sort-value="1952" | 1952-07 | | [[Cluain Meala]] | | [[:d:Q564938|Q564938]] | 6 |- | [[Barbara Beckett]] | | imreoir badmantain | [[imreoir badmantain]] | data-sort-value="1952" | 1952-03 | | [[Tuaisceart Éireann]] | | [[:d:Q807346|Q807346]] | 3 |- | [[Alison O'Donnell]] | [[Íomhá:Alison O'Donnell by Niall Reddy at WW.jpg|center|40px]] | amhránaí Éireannach | [[amhránaí]] | data-sort-value="1952" | 1952-10-05 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] | | [[:d:Q4727154|Q4727154]] | 4 |- | [[Antoinette McKenna]] | | amhránaí Éireannach | [[amhránaí]] | data-sort-value="1952" | 1952-04-25 | data-sort-value="2012" | 2012 | | | [[:d:Q4775594|Q4775594]] | 1 |- | [[Diane Underwood]] | | imreoir badmantain | [[imreoir badmantain]] | data-sort-value="1952" | 1952 | | | | [[:d:Q26958541|Q26958541]] | 1 |- | [[Ann O'Connor]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] snámhóir (*1952) ♀ | [[snámhóir]] | data-sort-value="1952" | 1952-06-03 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] | | [[:d:Q27881115|Q27881115]] | 2 |- | [[Vivienne Smith]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] snámhóir (*1952) ♀ | [[snámhóir]] | data-sort-value="1952" | 1952-11-10 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] | | [[:d:Q27886476|Q27886476]] | 2 |- | [[Nollaig Casey]] | | ceoltóir Éireannach | [[fidléir]]<br/>[[ceoltóir]] | data-sort-value="1953" | 20th century | | | | [[:d:Q2469858|Q2469858]] | 3 |- | [[Bairbre Dowling]] | | ban-aisteoir Éireannach | [[aisteoir scannáin]] | data-sort-value="1953" | 1953-03-27 | data-sort-value="2016" | 2016-01-20 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] | [[Manhattan]] | [[:d:Q2879967|Q2879967]] | 3 |- | [[Cornelia Hayes O'Herlihy]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] [[Aisteoir|aisteoir]] agus [[Stiúrthóir scannán|stiúrthóir scannán]] (*1953) ♀; spouse of Lorcan O'Herlihy | [[aisteoir]]<br/>[[stiúrthóir scannán]] | data-sort-value="1953" | 20th century | | | | [[:d:Q2997473|Q2997473]] | 1 |- | [[Ann Buckley]] | | scoláire Éireannach | [[údar]]<br/>[[ceoleolaí]]<br/>[[staraí]] | data-sort-value="1953" | 20th century | | | | [[:d:Q4766291|Q4766291]] | 3 |- | [[Breeda Moynihan-Cronin]] | [[Íomhá:Breeda Moynihan-Cronin, circa 2002 04.jpg|center|40px]] | polaiteoir Éireannach | [[polaiteoir]] | data-sort-value="1953" | 1953-03-31 | | [[Contae Chiarraí]] | | [[:d:Q4960207|Q4960207]] | 3 |- | [[Áine Brady]] | | polaiteoir Éireannach | [[polaiteoir]] | data-sort-value="1954" | 1954-09-08 | | [[Contae na Gaillimhe]] | | [[:d:Q249955|Q249955]] | 3 |- | [[Síle de Valera]] | [[Íomhá:Síle de Valera 1981 01.jpg|center|40px]] | polaiteoir Éireannach de chuid Fianna Fáil | [[polaiteoir]] | data-sort-value="1954" | 1954-12-17 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] | | [[:d:Q436181|Q436181]] | 8 |- | [[Bairbre de Brún]] | [[Íomhá:Bairbre de Brún 2008-10-19 Strasbourg (cropped).jpg|center|40px]] | polaiteoir Éireannach | [[polaiteoir]] | data-sort-value="1954" | 1954-01-10 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] | | [[:d:Q450673|Q450673]] | 10 |- | [[Geraldine Brannigan]] | | iomaitheoir Eurovision 1975 | [[amhránaí]]<br/>[[ceoltóir]] | data-sort-value="1954" | 1954 | | [[Cluain Tarbh]] | | [[:d:Q451689|Q451689]] | 8 |- | [[Rynagh O'Grady]] | | ban-aisteoir Éireannach | [[aisteoir]]<br/>[[stiúrthóir scannán]] | data-sort-value="1954" | 1954 | data-sort-value="2021" | 2021-02-08 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] | [[:d:Q3453946|Q3453946]] | 7 |- | [[Catherine Dunne]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] [[Scríbhneoir|scríbhneoir]] (*1954) ♀ | [[scríbhneoir]] | data-sort-value="1954" | 1954 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] | | [[:d:Q3663581|Q3663581]] | 4 |- | [[Mary Geaney]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] imreoir haca, camogie player agus imreoir peile Gaelaí (*1954) ♀ | [[imreoir haca]]<br/>[[camogie player]]<br/>[[imreoir peile Gaelaí]] | data-sort-value="1954" | 1954-04-06 | | [[Oileán Ciarraí]] | | [[:d:Q6779624|Q6779624]] | 1 |- | [[Christine Fulcher]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] snámhóir (*1954) ♀ | [[snámhóir]] | data-sort-value="1954" | 1954-12-20 | | | | [[:d:Q27922118|Q27922118]] | 2 |- | [[Bríd Brennan]] | [[Íomhá:Brid Brennan - Day 3 diff 2025.png|center|40px]] | ban-aisteoir Éireannach | [[aisteoir stáitse]]<br/>[[aisteoir scannáin]]<br/>[[aisteoir]] | data-sort-value="1955" | 1955 | | [[Béal Feirste]] | | [[:d:Q913526|Q913526]] | 9 |- | [[Alexandra Colen]] | [[Íomhá:AlexandraColen1996.jpg|center|40px]] | polaiteoir Éireannach-Beilgeach | [[polaiteoir]] | data-sort-value="1955" | 1955-07-09 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] | | [[:d:Q2833256|Q2833256]] | 4 |- | [[Adi Roche]] | [[Íomhá:Adi Roche 2024.jpg|center|40px]] | polaiteoir Éireannach | [[polaiteoir]] | data-sort-value="1955" | 1955-07-11 | | [[Cluain Meala]] | | [[:d:Q4682618|Q4682618]] | 16 |- | [[Anna Livia Julian Brawn]] | [[Íomhá:Anna Livia in Nedlands (cropped).jpg|center|40px]] | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] aistritheoir, [[Úrscéalaí|úrscéalaí]] agus teangeolaí (1955–2007) ♀; child of Patrick St. John Pavier Brawn agus Dympna Monica Porter; notable work Minimax | [[aistritheoir]]<br/>[[úrscéalaí]]<br/>[[teangeolaí]] | data-sort-value="1955" | 1955-11-13 | data-sort-value="2007" | 2007-08-07 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] | [[California]] | [[:d:Q4767237|Q4767237]] | 5 |- | [[Mary Coughlan]] | [[Íomhá:Marycoughlan.JPG|center|40px]] | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] [[Aisteoir|aisteoir]], [[Amhránaí|amhránaí]], [[Cumadóir amhrán|cumadóir amhrán]], ceoltóir snagcheoil, ealaíontóir taifeadta agus [[Ceoltóir|ceoltóir]] (fl. 1984–) (*1956) ♀; spouse of Frank Bonadio | [[aisteoir]]<br/>[[amhránaí]]<br/>[[cumadóir amhrán]]<br/>[[ceoltóir snagcheoil]]<br/>[[ealaíontóir taifeadta]]<br/>[[ceoltóir]] | data-sort-value="1956" | 1956-05-05 | | [[Contae na Gaillimhe]] | | [[:d:Q369823|Q369823]] | 8 |- | [[Máire Ní Chathasaigh]] | | ceoltóir Éireannach | [[amhránaí]]<br/>[[craoltóir]] | data-sort-value="1956" | 1956 | | [[Droichead na Bandan]] | | [[:d:Q975053|Q975053]] | 2 |- | [[Kathleen O'Beirne]] | | scríbhneoir Éireannach | [[scríbhneoir]] | data-sort-value="1956" | 1956-10-18 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] | | [[:d:Q1736283|Q1736283]] | 2 |- | [[Máire Breatnach]] | | fidléir Éireannach | [[amhránaí]]<br/>[[fidléir]]<br/>[[pianódóir]]<br/>[[giotáraí]]<br/>[[méarchláraí]] | data-sort-value="1956" | 1956 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] | | [[:d:Q3331954|Q3331954]] | 4 |- | [[Anne O'Brien]] | | peileadóir | [[imreoir sacair]]<br/>[[bainisteoir sacair]] | data-sort-value="1956" | 1956-01-25 | data-sort-value="2016" | 2016-08-29 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] | [[an Róimh]] | [[:d:Q4768690|Q4768690]] | 6 |- | [[Biddy Phillips]] | | imreoir camógaíochta | | data-sort-value="1956" | 1956 | data-sort-value="2010" | 2010-07-07 | [[Tiobraid Árann (baile)|Tiobraid Árann]] | | [[:d:Q4904090|Q4904090]] | 1 |- | [[Linda Andrews]] | | imreoir badmantain | [[imreoir badmantain]] | data-sort-value="1956" | 1956 | | | | [[:d:Q27036227|Q27036227]] | 1 |- | [[Brenda McGrory]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] snámhóir (*1956) ♀ | [[snámhóir]] | data-sort-value="1956" | 1956-04-29 | | | | [[:d:Q27927243|Q27927243]] | 2 |- | [[Lynn McCrave]] | | imreoir badmantain | [[imreoir badmantain]] | data-sort-value="1956" | 1956 | | | | [[:d:Q65554433|Q65554433]] | 0 |- | [[Geraldine Feeney]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] polaiteoir, Seanadóir na hÉireann (*1957) ♀ | [[polaiteoir]] | data-sort-value="1957" | 1957-09-09 | | [[Contae Uíbh Fhailí]] | | [[:d:Q304576|Q304576]] | 2 |- | [[Siobhán McCarthy]] | | ban-aisteoir Éireannach | [[amhránaí]]<br/>[[aisteoir stáitse]] | data-sort-value="1957" | 1957-11-06 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] | | [[:d:Q969376|Q969376]] | 2 |- | [[Alison Browner]] | | amhránaí agus amhránaí ceoldrámaíochta Éireannach | [[amhránaí ceoldrámaíochta]] | data-sort-value="1957" | 1957-09-22 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] | | [[:d:Q1490059|Q1490059]] | 4 |- | [[Angela Downey]] | | imreoir camógaíochta Éireannach | [[lúthchleasaí]] | data-sort-value="1957" | 1957 | | [[Cill Chainnigh]] | | [[:d:Q4762431|Q4762431]] | 1 |- | [[Ann Downey]] | | imreoir camógaíochta | [[lúthchleasaí]] | data-sort-value="1957" | 1957 | | [[Cill Chainnigh]] | | [[:d:Q4766370|Q4766370]] | 1 |- | [[Bronwen Maher]] | [[Íomhá:Bronwen Maher with Joseph Healy and Romayne Phoenix.jpg|center|40px]] | polaiteoir Éireannach | [[polaiteoir]] | data-sort-value="1957" | 1957-01-04 | | | | [[:d:Q4974118|Q4974118]] | 1 |- | [[Regina Joyce]] | | cianreathaí Éireannach | [[iomaitheoir lúthchleasaíochta]] | data-sort-value="1957" | 1957-02-07 | | | | [[:d:Q7308488|Q7308488]] | 3 |- | [[Ann Crossan]] | | imreoir badmantain | [[imreoir badmantain]] | data-sort-value="1957" | 1957 | | | | [[:d:Q26958736|Q26958736]] | 0 |- | [[Aisling O'Leary]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] snámhóir (*1957) ♀ | [[snámhóir]] | data-sort-value="1957" | 1957-07-07 | | | | [[:d:Q27922111|Q27922111]] | 2 |- | [[Deirdre Sheehan]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] snámhóir (*1957) ♀ | [[snámhóir]] | data-sort-value="1957" | 1957-09-25 | | | | [[:d:Q27995560|Q27995560]] | 2 |- | [[Louise Richardson]] | [[Íomhá:Louise Richardson.jpg|center|40px]] | eolaí polaitíochta Éireannach | [[ollamh]] | data-sort-value="1958" | 1958 | | [[Trá Mhór]] | | [[:d:Q440934|Q440934]] | 12 |- | [[Maura O'Connell]] | | amhránaí Éireannach | [[amhránaí]] | data-sort-value="1958" | 1958-09-16 | | [[Inis (baile)|Inis]] | | [[:d:Q2285213|Q2285213]] | 4 |- | [[Aisling Walsh]] | [[Íomhá:Aisling Walsh.jpg|center|40px]] | scríbhneoir agus stiúrthóir scannán Éireannach | [[stiúrthóir scannán]]<br/>[[scríbhneoir scripte]]<br/>[[stiúrthóir teilifíse]]<br/>[[stiúrthóir]] | data-sort-value="1958" | 1958-09 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] | | [[:d:Q2443145|Q2443145]] | 12 |- | [[Niamh Parsons]] | [[Íomhá:Niamh-Parsons-08.jpg|center|40px]] | amhránaí Éireannach | [[amhránaí]] | data-sort-value="1958" | 1958 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] | | [[:d:Q2502492|Q2502492]] | 4 |- | [[Ailish Smyth]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] iomaitheoir lúthchleasaíochta (*1958) ♀ | [[iomaitheoir lúthchleasaíochta]] | data-sort-value="1958" | 1958-09-18 | | | | [[:d:Q29997026|Q29997026]] | 1 |- | [[Michèle Burke]] | | [[Ceanada|Ceanadach]]-[[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|éireannaigh]]-[[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá|meiriceánach]] smideoir agus [[Mainicín faisin|mainicín]] (fl. 1980–) (1959–2025) ♀; Duais Emmy agus Duais an Acadaimh don smideadh agus gruagaireacht is fearr | [[smideoir]]<br/>[[Mainicín faisin|mainicín]] | data-sort-value="1959" | 1959 | data-sort-value="2025" | 2025-09-26 | [[Cill Dara]] | | [[:d:Q518417|Q518417]] | 9 |- | [[Kate Thompson]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] [[Aisteoir|aisteoir]], [[Scríbhneoir|scríbhneoir]], aisteoir stáitse agus [[Úrscéalaí|úrscéalaí]] (*1959) ♀ | [[aisteoir]]<br/>[[scríbhneoir]]<br/>[[aisteoir stáitse]]<br/>[[úrscéalaí]] | data-sort-value="1959" | 1959 | | [[Béal Feirste]] | | [[:d:Q960202|Q960202]] | 4 |- | [[Carey May Edge]] | | [[Ceanada|Ceanadach]] iomaitheoir lúthchleasaíochta (*1959) ♀ | [[iomaitheoir lúthchleasaíochta]] | data-sort-value="1959" | 1959-07-19 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] | | [[:d:Q1035934|Q1035934]] | 5 |- | [[Margaret M. Murnane]] | | fisiceoir Éireannach | [[fisiceoir]]<br/>[[múinteoir ollscoile]] | data-sort-value="1959" | 1959-01-23 | | [[Luimneach]] | | [[:d:Q1894870|Q1894870]] | 10 |- | [[Bridget Flannery]] | | ealaíontóir Éireannach | [[péintéir]] | data-sort-value="1959" | 1959 | | | | [[:d:Q4966715|Q4966715]] | 1 |- | [[Brigitte Le Juez]] | | scoláire Éireannach | [[acadóir]] | data-sort-value="1959" | 1959-10-05 | | | | [[:d:Q4967903|Q4967903]] | 1 |- | [[Marie Murphy-Rollins]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] iomaitheoir lúthchleasaíochta (*1959) ♀ | [[iomaitheoir lúthchleasaíochta]] | data-sort-value="1959" | 1959-03-23 | | | | [[:d:Q29996726|Q29996726]] | 1 |- | [[Debbie Freeman]] | | imreoir badmantain | [[imreoir badmantain]] | data-sort-value="1959" | 1959 | | | | [[:d:Q65554233|Q65554233]] | 0 |- | [[Roma Downey]] | [[Íomhá:Roma Downey 2015.jpg|center|40px]] | [[Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Thuaisceart Éireann|Briotanach]]-[[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|éireannaigh]] [[Aisteoir|aisteoir]], [[Léiritheoir scannáin|léiritheoir scannáin]], aisteoir scannáin agus [[Stiúrthóir scannán|stiúrthóir scannán]] (fl. 1988–) (*1960) ♀; réalta ar Hollywood Walk of Fame, Oifigeach Ord Impireacht na Breataine, TV Land Award agus Gradaim Acadamh Scannán agus Teilifíse na hÉireann; spouse of Mark Burnett, Leland Orser agus David Anspaugh; notable work Touched by an Angel agus A Woman Named Jackie | [[aisteoir]]<br/>[[léiritheoir scannáin]]<br/>[[aisteoir scannáin]]<br/>[[stiúrthóir scannán]] | data-sort-value="1960" | 1960-05-06 | | [[Doire]] | | [[:d:Q258989|Q258989]] | 23 |- | [[Bernie Nolan]] | | aisteoir, ceoltóir agus pearsa theilifíse Éireannach | [[aisteoir]]<br/>[[amhránaí]]<br/>[[dírbheathaisnéisí]] | data-sort-value="1960" | 1960-10-17 | data-sort-value="2013" | 2013-07-04 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] | [[Weybridge]] | [[:d:Q4892803|Q4892803]] | 11 |- | [[Patricia Walsh]] | | caiteoir teisce Éireannach | [[iomaitheoir lúthchleasaíochta]] | data-sort-value="1960" | 1960-03-16 | | | | [[:d:Q16224342|Q16224342]] | 4 |- | [[Caroline O'Shea]] | | lúthchleasaí Éireannach | [[iomaitheoir lúthchleasaíochta]] | data-sort-value="1960" | 1960-12-30 | | | | [[:d:Q21936525|Q21936525]] | 2 |- | [[Miriam Hopkins]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] snámhóir (*1960) ♀ | [[snámhóir]] | data-sort-value="1960" | 1960-10-28 | | | | [[:d:Q28037353|Q28037353]] | 3 |- | [[Ann O'Sullivan]] | | imreoir badmantain | [[imreoir badmantain]] | data-sort-value="1960" | 1960s | | | | [[:d:Q55739805|Q55739805]] | 0 |- | [[Nikki Lane]] | | imreoir badmantain | [[imreoir badmantain]] | data-sort-value="1960" | 1960s | | | | [[:d:Q55739848|Q55739848]] | 0 |- | [[Ann Hawkshaw]] | | imreoir badmantain | [[imreoir badmantain]] | data-sort-value="1960" | 1960s | | | | [[:d:Q65554176|Q65554176]] | 0 |- | [[Michelle Rocca]] | [[Íomhá:Michelle Rocca in Belfast (cropped).jpg|center|40px]] | péiceallán Éireannach | [[láithreoir teilifíse]]<br/>[[péiceallán]]<br/>[[Mainicín faisin|mainicín]]<br/>[[iomaitheoir i gcomórtas áilleachta]] | data-sort-value="1961" | 1961 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] | | [[:d:Q372148|Q372148]] | 8 |- | [[Orla Brady]] | [[Íomhá:Orla Brady 2020 1 cropped.jpg|center|40px]] | ban-aisteoir Éireannach | [[aisteoir]]<br/>[[aisteoir stáitse]]<br/>[[aisteoir scannáin]] | data-sort-value="1961" | 1961-03-28 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] | | [[:d:Q444292|Q444292]] | 20 |- | [[Ali Hewson]] | [[Íomhá:Alison Hewson portrait.jpg|center|40px]] | gníomhaí agus bean ghnó Éireannach | [[duine den lucht gnó]] | data-sort-value="1961" | 1961-03-23 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] | | [[:d:Q777287|Q777287]] | 12 |- | [[Anne Heraty]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] baincéir (*1961) ♀ | [[baincéir]] | data-sort-value="1961" | 1961 | | | | [[:d:Q2651939|Q2651939]] | 2 |- | [[Mary-Pat Moore]] | | cruicéadaí | [[cruicéadaí]] | data-sort-value="1961" | 1961-04-24 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] | | [[:d:Q6778731|Q6778731]] | 4 |- | [[Mary Parr]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] cliathreathaí (*1961) ♀ | [[cliathreathaí]] | data-sort-value="1961" | 1961-10-01 | | | | [[:d:Q21936533|Q21936533]] | 3 |- | [[Janice Walsh]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] cruicéadaí (*1961) ♀ | [[cruicéadaí]] | data-sort-value="1961" | 1961-12-17 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] | | [[:d:Q27562837|Q27562837]] | 4 |- | [[Elaine Doyle]] | | imreoir badmantain | [[imreoir badmantain]] | data-sort-value="1961" | 1961 | | | | [[:d:Q65554263|Q65554263]] | 0 |- | [[Emer Costello]] | [[Íomhá:Costello, Emer-2148.jpg|center|40px]] | polaiteoir Éireannach | [[polaiteoir]] | data-sort-value="1962" | 1962-09-03 | | [[Contae Lú]] | | [[:d:Q525437|Q525437]] | 8 |- | [[Hilary Mooney]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] múinteoir ollscoile, diagaire Caitliceach agus diagaire (*1962) ♀ | [[múinteoir ollscoile]]<br/>[[diagaire Caitliceach]]<br/>[[diagaire]] | data-sort-value="1962" | 1962 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] | | [[:d:Q1618120|Q1618120]] | 1 |- | [[Fionnuala Sherry]] | [[Íomhá:Fionnuala Sherry.jpg|center|40px]] | ceoltóir Éireannach | [[ceoltóir]] | data-sort-value="1962" | 1962-09-20 | | [[An Nás]] | | [[:d:Q1868188|Q1868188]] | 17 |- | [[Sian Doody]] | | imreoir badmantain | [[imreoir badmantain]]<br/>[[badminton coach]] | data-sort-value="1962" | 1962-05-05 | | | | [[:d:Q2280741|Q2280741]] | 1 |- | [[Pauline McLynn]] | [[Íomhá:Pauline McLynn.png|center|40px]] | ban-aisteoir Éireannach | [[aisteoir]]<br/>[[scríbhneoir]] | data-sort-value="1962" | 1962-07-11 | | [[Sligeach]] | | [[:d:Q3372751|Q3372751]] | 12 |- | [[Ann Power]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] [[Breitheamh|breitheamh]] agus [[Abhcóide|abhcóide]] (*1962) ♀ | [[breitheamh]]<br/>[[abhcóide]] | data-sort-value="1962" | 1962-11-23 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] | | [[:d:Q4766624|Q4766624]] | 4 |- | [[Anna Merveldt]] | | marcach Éireannach | [[marcach]] | data-sort-value="1962" | 1962-09-20 | | [[Maple Ridge]] | | [[:d:Q4767347|Q4767347]] | 2 |- | [[Anne Jarvis]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] leabharlannaí (*1962) ♀ | [[leabharlannaí]] | data-sort-value="1962" | 1962-07-31 | | | | [[:d:Q4768472|Q4768472]] | 2 |- | [[Audrey Fagan]] | | garda Astrálach | [[garda]] | data-sort-value="1962" | 1962-06-23 | data-sort-value="2007" | 2007-04-20 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] | [[Hayman Island]] | [[:d:Q4820114|Q4820114]] | 2 |- | [[Breda O'Brien]] | | iriseoir Éireannach | [[iriseoir]] | data-sort-value="1962" | 1962 | | | | [[:d:Q4960101|Q4960101]] | 2 |- | [[Caitríona Ruane]] | [[Íomhá:Caitríona Ruane 2014 (cropped).jpg|center|40px]] | imreoir leadóige, an Ríocht Aontaithe | [[imreoir leadóige]]<br/>[[polaiteoir]] | data-sort-value="1962" | 1962-07-19 | | [[Béal Átha na Muice]] | | [[:d:Q5017940|Q5017940]] | 2 |- | [[Anne Keenan-Buckley]] | | cianreathaí Éireannach | [[cianreathaí]] | data-sort-value="1962" | 1962-01-07 | | | | [[:d:Q11851668|Q11851668]] | 2 |- | [[Sonia Reamsbottom]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] cruicéadaí (*1962) ♀ | [[cruicéadaí]] | data-sort-value="1962" | 1962-03-28 | | [[Cill Dara]] | | [[:d:Q24007862|Q24007862]] | 4 |- | [[Barbara Johnson]] | | lúthchleasaí Éireannach | [[iomaitheoir lúthchleasaíochta]] | data-sort-value="1962" | 1962-12-05<br/>1962-12-23 | | | | [[:d:Q42287970|Q42287970]] | 1 |- | [[Ita Marron]] | | imreoir badmantain | [[imreoir badmantain]] | data-sort-value="1962" | 1962 | | | | [[:d:Q65554342|Q65554342]] | 0 |- | [[Pamela Peard]] | | imreoir badmantain | [[imreoir badmantain]] | data-sort-value="1962" | 1962-06-02 | | | | [[:d:Q65965095|Q65965095]] | 0 |- | [[Kathy Ann Kelly]] | [[Íomhá:Kathy Kelly 2707.jpg|center|40px]] | ceoltóir | [[amhránaí]] | data-sort-value="1963" | 1963-03-06 | | [[Leominster]] | | [[:d:Q1736556|Q1736556]] | 5 |- | [[Roisin Smyth]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] iomaitheoir lúthchleasaíochta (*1963) ♀ | [[iomaitheoir lúthchleasaíochta]] | data-sort-value="1963" | 1963-10-26 | | | | [[:d:Q21936554|Q21936554]] | 3 |- | [[Catherine Walsh]] | | file Éireannach | [[file]]<br/>[[scríbhneoir]] | data-sort-value="1964" | 1964 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] | | [[:d:Q338265|Q338265]] | 3 |- | [[Maeve Quinlan]] | [[Íomhá:Maeve Quinlan at Camp As Sayliyah, Qatar.jpg|center|40px]] | ban-aisteoir Gael-Mheiriceánach | [[aisteoir]]<br/>[[imreoir leadóige]]<br/>[[aisteoir teilifíse]]<br/>[[aisteoir scannáin]]<br/>[[scríbhneoir scripte]] | data-sort-value="1964" | 1964-11-16 | | [[Chicago, Illinois|Chicago]] | | [[:d:Q433284|Q433284]] | 16 |- | [[Carrie Crowley]] | [[Íomhá:Carrie Crowley - Day 3 diff 2025.png|center|40px]] | aisteoir agus craoltóir Éireannach | [[aisteoir]]<br/>[[láithreoir teilifíse]]<br/>[[aisteoir stáitse]]<br/>[[aisteoir scannáin]]<br/>[[pearsa raidió]]<br/>[[stiúrthóir scannán]] | data-sort-value="1964" | 1964-05-23 | | [[Port Láirge]] | | [[:d:Q1045015|Q1045015]] | 11 |- | [[Susan Ronan]] | | imreoir sacair | [[imreoir sacair]]<br/>[[bainisteoir sacair]] | data-sort-value="1964" | 1964-02-21 | | [[Éire]] | | [[:d:Q7648333|Q7648333]] | 4 |- | [[Aisling Molloy]] | | reathaí meánraoin Éireannach | [[reathaí meánfhaid]] | data-sort-value="1964" | 1964-06-12 | | | | [[:d:Q23043629|Q23043629]] | 2 |- | [[Ciara Doheny]] | | imreoir badmantain | [[imreoir badmantain]] | data-sort-value="1964" | 1964-08-04 | | | | [[:d:Q27893278|Q27893278]] | 0 |- | [[Catherine Bohan]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] snámhóir (*1964) ♀ | [[snámhóir]] | data-sort-value="1964" | 1964-04-18 | | | | [[:d:Q28822774|Q28822774]] | 2 |- | [[Rebecca Best]] | | imreoir scuaise Éireannach | [[imreoir scuaise]] | data-sort-value="1964" | 1964-01-18 | | [[Sheffield]] | | [[:d:Q50839606|Q50839606]] | 4 |- | [[Kim Jackson]] | | amhránaí Éireannach | [[amhránaí]] | data-sort-value="1965" | 1965-08-22 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] | | [[:d:Q286695|Q286695]] | 11 |- | [[Maria Christian]] | [[Íomhá:Maria Doyle-Cuche 2019-08-28.jpg|center|40px]] | amhránaí Éireannach | [[amhránaí]] | data-sort-value="1965" | 1965-05-06 | | [[Dún Dealgan]] | | [[:d:Q1895757|Q1895757]] | 9 |- | [[Anne Cleary]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] person (*1965) ♀ | | data-sort-value="1965" | 1965 | | | | [[:d:Q2851037|Q2851037]] | 3 |- | [[Barbara Griffin]] | | aisteoir | [[aisteoir]] | data-sort-value="1965" | 1965-01-01 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] | | [[:d:Q2883953|Q2883953]] | 3 |- | [[Miriam Grealey]] | | cruicéadaí | [[cruicéadaí]] | data-sort-value="1965" | 1965-12-27 | | [[Dún na nGall (baile)|Dún na nGall]] | | [[:d:Q6873329|Q6873329]] | 4 |- | [[Holly Lane]] | | imreoir badmantain | [[imreoir badmantain]] | data-sort-value="1965" | 1965 | | | | [[:d:Q27043986|Q27043986]] | 1 |- | [[Ann Stephens]] | | imreoir badmantain | [[imreoir badmantain]] | data-sort-value="1965" | 1965 | | | | [[:d:Q27043991|Q27043991]] | 1 |- | [[Julie Parkes]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] snámhóir (*1965) ♀ | [[snámhóir]] | data-sort-value="1965" | 1965-04-17 | | | | [[:d:Q28911826|Q28911826]] | 2 |- | [[Maeve Moynihan]] | | imreoir badmantain | [[imreoir badmantain]] | data-sort-value="1965" | 1965 | | | | [[:d:Q65554435|Q65554435]] | 0 |- | [[Marguerite Donlon]] | | damhsóir agus cóiréagrafaí Éireannach | [[cóiréagrafaí]]<br/>[[damhsóir bailé]]<br/>[[ballet director]]<br/>[[damhsóir]] | data-sort-value="1966" | 1966-05-31 | | [[An Longfort]] | | [[:d:Q524761|Q524761]] | 5 |- | [[Beverley Flynn]] | | polaiteoir Éireannach | [[polaiteoir]] | data-sort-value="1966" | 1966-06-09 | | [[Contae Mhaigh Eo]] | | [[:d:Q4899405|Q4899405]] | 2 |- | [[Perri Williams]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] siúlóir rása (*1966) ♀ | [[siúlóir rása]] | data-sort-value="1966" | 1966-06-21 | | | | [[:d:Q44503461|Q44503461]] | 1 |- | [[Siobhán Nicholson]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] imreoir leadóige (*1966) ♀ | [[imreoir leadóige]] | data-sort-value="1966" | 1966-06-11 | | [[Wimbledon, Londain|Wimbledon]] | | [[:d:Q97918916|Q97918916]] | 2 |- | [[Karen Hennessy]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] cispheileadóir (*1966) ♀ | [[cispheileadóir]] | data-sort-value="1966" | 1966-02-17 | | | | [[:d:Q135388055|Q135388055]] | 0 |- | [[Geraldine Somerville]] | | aisteoir | [[aisteoir]]<br/>[[aisteoir stáitse]]<br/>[[aisteoir scannáin]] | data-sort-value="1967" | 1967-05-19 | | [[Contae na Mí]] | | [[:d:Q235572|Q235572]] | 23 |- | [[Ann Gallagher]] | | polaiteoir Éireannach | [[polaiteoir]] | data-sort-value="1967" | 1967-03-01 | | [[Dún na nGall (baile)|Dún na nGall]] | | [[:d:Q4766407|Q4766407]] | 2 |- | [[Anne Marie Forrest]] | | úrscéalaí Éireannach | [[úrscéalaí]]<br/>[[scríbhneoir]] | data-sort-value="1967" | 1967 | | | | [[:d:Q4768599|Q4768599]] | 2 |- | [[Carol Munster]] | | imreoir badmantain | [[imreoir badmantain]] | data-sort-value="1967" | 1967 | | | | [[:d:Q27503288|Q27503288]] | 1 |- | [[Aisling Byrne-Bowman]] | | Mairnéalach (*1967) ♀ | [[mairnéalach]] | data-sort-value="1967" | 1967-08-26 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] | | [[:d:Q96484359|Q96484359]] | 1 |- | [[Aisling O'Sullivan]] | | ban-aisteoir Éireannach | [[aisteoir]]<br/>[[aisteoir stáitse]]<br/>[[aisteoir scannáin]] | data-sort-value="1968" | 1968 | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éire]] | | [[:d:Q174315|Q174315]] | 6 |- | [[Sharon Shannon]] | [[Íomhá:Sharon Shannon smiling.jpg|center|40px]] | ceoltóir Éireannach | [[fidléir]]<br/>[[amhránaí]]<br/>[[cairdíneoir]] | data-sort-value="1968" | 1968-11-12 | | [[Cora Finne]] | | [[:d:Q457684|Q457684]] | 16 |- | [[Cecilia Keaveney]] | | polaiteoir Éireannach | [[polaiteoir]] | data-sort-value="1968" | 1968-11-27 | | [[Doire]] | | [[:d:Q540369|Q540369]] | 4 |- | [[Emer Martin]] | [[Íomhá:Emerfinalbook copy.jpg|center|40px]] | scríbhneoir Éireannach | [[scríbhneoir]]<br/>[[péintéir]] | data-sort-value="1968" | 1968-02-29 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] | | [[:d:Q1258694|Q1258694]] | 4 |- | [[Fiona O'Malley]] | | polaiteoir Éireannach | [[polaiteoir]] | data-sort-value="1968" | 1968-01-19 | | [[Luimneach]] | | [[:d:Q1418534|Q1418534]] | 2 |- | [[Karole McDowell]] | | scríbhneoir Éireannach | [[scríbhneoir]] | data-sort-value="1968" | 1968-07-04 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] | | [[:d:Q3193549|Q3193549]] | 0 |- | [[Emma Donoghue]] | [[Íomhá:Irish-Canadian author Emma Donoghue.JPG|center|40px]] | úrscéali, staraí, scríbhneoir agus drámadóir Éireannach | [[staraí liteartha]]<br/>[[úrscéalaí]]<br/>[[drámadóir]]<br/>[[scríbhneoir scripte]]<br/>[[scríbhneoir]]<br/>[[scríbhneoir scripte scannáin]] | data-sort-value="1969" | 1969-10-24 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] | | [[:d:Q52255|Q52255]] | 30 |- | [[Karan Casey]] | [[Íomhá:Karan Casey.JPG|center|40px]] | amhránaí Éireannach | [[amhránaí]]<br/>[[pianódóir]]<br/>[[ceoltóir]] | data-sort-value="1969" | 1969 | | [[Cill Mhíodáin]] | | [[:d:Q274052|Q274052]] | 9 |- | [[Catherina McKiernan]] | | cianreathaí Éireannach | [[reathaí maratóin]] | data-sort-value="1969" | 1969-11-30 | | [[Contae an Chabháin]] | | [[:d:Q274541|Q274541]] | 6 |- | [[Angeline Ball]] | | ban-aisteoir Éireannach | [[aisteoir]]<br/>[[aisteoir scannáin]] | data-sort-value="1969" | 1969-06-28 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] | | [[:d:Q530292|Q530292]] | 7 |- | [[Patricia Kelly]] | [[Íomhá:Patricia-Kelly-(MS1411200026).jpg|center|40px]] | ceoltóir Gael-Mheiriceánach | [[cumadóir amhrán]]<br/>[[aisteoir]]<br/>[[amhránaí]]<br/>[[scríbhneoir]]<br/>[[ceoltóir]]<br/>[[Léiritheoir ceoil|léiritheoir ceirníní]]<br/>[[údar]] | data-sort-value="1969" | 1969-11-22 | | [[Gamonal]] | | [[:d:Q1544206|Q1544206]] | 7 |- | [[Naomi Geraghty]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] eagarthóir scannán, eagarthóir teilifíse agus stiúrthóir teilifíse (*1969) ♀ | [[eagarthóir scannán]]<br/>[[eagarthóir teilifíse]]<br/>[[stiúrthóir teilifíse]] | data-sort-value="1969" | 1969-05 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] | | [[:d:Q1964826|Q1964826]] | 2 |- | [[Ann Leonard]] | | polaiteoir Éireannach de chuid Fianna Fáil | [[cnáimhseach]]<br/>[[altra]]<br/>[[polaiteoir]]<br/>[[obstatraí]] | data-sort-value="1969" | 1969-01-02 | | [[Contae Mhuineacháin]] | | [[:d:Q4766503|Q4766503]] | 4 |- | [[Pauline Curley]] | [[Íomhá:Pauline Curley - Rotterdam Marathon 2008 (2411527348) (cropped).jpg|center|40px]] | reathaí maratóin Éireannach | [[reathaí maratóin]] | data-sort-value="1969" | 1969-03-10 | | [[Biorra]] | | [[:d:Q7155002|Q7155002]] | 2 |- | [[Aileen Convery]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] snámhóir (*1969) ♀ | [[snámhóir]] | data-sort-value="1969" | 1969-07-10 | | | | [[:d:Q29059727|Q29059727]] | 2 |- | [[Maria Coleman]] | | [[Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Thuaisceart Éireann|Briotanach]] mairnéalach (*1969) ♀ | [[mairnéalach]] | data-sort-value="1969" | 1969-07-21 | | [[Birmingham]] | | [[:d:Q56065668|Q56065668]] | 1 |- | [[Teresa Duffy]] | | Cianreathaí (*1969) ♀ | [[cianreathaí]] | data-sort-value="1969" | 1969-07-16 | | | | [[:d:Q97670856|Q97670856]] | 1 |- | [[Karen Staunton]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] cispheileadóir (*1969) ♀ | [[cispheileadóir]] | data-sort-value="1969" | 1969-06-07 | | | | [[:d:Q135388054|Q135388054]] | 0 |- | [[Catherine Walsh]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] aisteoir stáitse agus aisteoir scannáin (*1970) ♀ | [[aisteoir stáitse]]<br/>[[aisteoir scannáin]] | data-sort-value="1970" | 1970 | | [[Corcaigh]] | | [[:d:Q1051060|Q1051060]] | 2 |- | [[Deirdre Shannon]] | | ceoltóir Ghaeilge Éireannach | [[amhránaí]] | data-sort-value="1970" | 1970-07-19 | | [[Contae na Mí]] | | [[:d:Q2554305|Q2554305]] | 8 |- | [[Anna Nolan]] | | cispheileadóir Éireannach | [[cispheileadóir]]<br/>[[léiritheoir teilifíse]] | data-sort-value="1970" | 1970-10-16 | | | | [[:d:Q4767381|Q4767381]] | 1 |- | [[Siobhán Hoey]] | | bean spóirt Éireannach | [[iomaitheoir lúthchleasaíochta]] | data-sort-value="1970" | 1970-07-17 | | | | [[:d:Q7525309|Q7525309]] | 2 |- | [[Keelin Fox]] | | imreoir badmantain | [[imreoir badmantain]] | data-sort-value="1970" | 1970s | | | | [[:d:Q15729982|Q15729982]] | 2 |- | [[Tanya Cooke]] | | imreoir badmantain | [[imreoir badmantain]] | data-sort-value="1970" | 1970 | | | | [[:d:Q27503287|Q27503287]] | 1 |- | [[Claire Russell]] | | imreoir badmantain | [[imreoir badmantain]] | data-sort-value="1970" | 1970 | | | | [[:d:Q27503304|Q27503304]] | 0 |- | [[Katy McCandless]] | | cianreathaí Éireannach | [[cianreathaí]] | data-sort-value="1970" | 1970-06-22 | | | | [[:d:Q42954570|Q42954570]] | 2 |- | [[Breda Dennehy-Willis]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] cianreathaí (*1970) ♀ | [[cianreathaí]] | data-sort-value="1970" | 1970 | | | | [[:d:Q43016830|Q43016830]] | 1 |- | [[Elaine Kiely]] | | imreoir badmantain | [[imreoir badmantain]] | data-sort-value="1970" | 1970s | | | | [[:d:Q65027970|Q65027970]] | 0 |- | [[Angela Carr]] | | imreoir badmantain | [[imreoir badmantain]] | data-sort-value="1970" | 1970s | | | | [[:d:Q65554172|Q65554172]] | 0 |- | [[Annette Taylor]] | | imreoir badmantain | [[imreoir badmantain]] | data-sort-value="1970" | 1970s | | | | [[:d:Q65554187|Q65554187]] | 0 |- | [[Amira Casar]] | [[Íomhá:Amira Casar Call Me By Your Name Photo Call Berlinale 2017.jpg|center|40px]] | ban-aisteoir Francach | [[aisteoir teilifíse]]<br/>[[Mainicín faisin|mainicín]]<br/>[[aisteoir scannáin]]<br/>[[aisteoir stáitse]]<br/>[[aisteoir]] | data-sort-value="1971" | 1971-05-01 | | [[Londain]] | | [[:d:Q271553|Q271553]] | 28 |- | [[Claire Henderson]] | | imreoir badmantain | [[imreoir badmantain]] | data-sort-value="1971" | 1971-10-08 | | | | [[:d:Q1094805|Q1094805]] | 2 |- | [[Jayne Plunkett]] | | imreoir badmantain | [[imreoir badmantain]] | data-sort-value="1971" | 1971-08-10 | | | | [[:d:Q1636158|Q1636158]] | 2 |- | [[Amanda Coogan]] | | ealaíontóir Éireannach | [[ealaíontóir suiteáin]]<br/>[[taibhealaíontóir]]<br/>[[grianghrafadóir]]<br/>[[físealaíontóir]] | data-sort-value="1971" | 1971 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] | | [[:d:Q4739597|Q4739597]] | 1 |- | [[Susan Smith-Walsh]] | [[Íomhá:Susan Smith-Walsh in 1996.jpg|center|40px]] | cliathreathaí Éireannach | [[iomaitheoir lúthchleasaíochta]] | data-sort-value="1971" | 1971-09-14 | | [[Port Láirge]] | | [[:d:Q7648401|Q7648401]] | 2 |- | [[Sinéad Delahunty]] | | reathaí meánraoin Éireannach | [[iomaitheoir lúthchleasaíochta]] | data-sort-value="1971" | 1971-02-12 | | [[Contae Chill Chainnigh]] | | [[:d:Q16209027|Q16209027]] | 2 |- | [[Anna McPartlin]] | | úrscéalaí Éireannach | [[scríbhneoir]]<br/>[[scríbhneoir scripte]]<br/>[[úrscéalaí]] | data-sort-value="1972" | 1972 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] | | [[:d:Q562441|Q562441]] | 4 |- | [[Alexandria Sharpe]] | [[Íomhá:Alex Sharpe.jpg|center|40px]] | amhránaí Éireannach | [[amhránaí]]<br/>[[aisteoir]] | data-sort-value="1972" | 1972-05-04 | | | | [[:d:Q636386|Q636386]] | 11 |- | [[Bronagh Gallagher]] | [[Íomhá:Bronagh Gallagher.jpg|center|40px]] | aisteoir agus ceoltóir Éireannach | [[aisteoir]]<br/>[[amhránaí]]<br/>[[cumadóir]] | data-sort-value="1972" | 1972-04-26 | | [[Doire]] | | [[:d:Q2926038|Q2926038]] | 12 |- | [[Arlene Hunt]] | | úrscéalaí Éireannach | [[úrscéalaí]]<br/>[[scríbhneoir]]<br/>[[scríbhneoir coirscéalta]] | data-sort-value="1972" | 1972 | | | | [[:d:Q4792156|Q4792156]] | 3 |- | [[Sharon Foley]] | | léimneoir ard Éireannach | [[iomaitheoir lúthchleasaíochta]] | data-sort-value="1972" | 1972-05-20 | | | | [[:d:Q7490056|Q7490056]] | 2 |- | [[Karen Hannigan]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] cispheileadóir (*1972) ♀ | [[cispheileadóir]] | data-sort-value="1972" | 1972-07-23 | | | | [[:d:Q135388050|Q135388050]] | 0 |- | [[Geraldine O'Flynn]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] cispheileadóir (*1972) ♀ | [[cispheileadóir]] | data-sort-value="1972" | 1972-05-11 | | | | [[:d:Q135388051|Q135388051]] | 0 |- | [[Sonya McGinn]] | | imreoir badmantain | [[imreoir badmantain]]<br/>[[Olympic competitor]] | data-sort-value="1973" | 1973-12-17 | | [[Binn Éadair]] | | [[:d:Q1603815|Q1603815]] | 5 |- | [[Caitriona O'Reilly]] | [[Íomhá:CAITRÍONA O'REILLY 185491.jpg|center|40px]] | file Éireannach | [[file]]<br/>[[scríbhneoir]] | data-sort-value="1973" | 1973 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] | | [[:d:Q5017936|Q5017936]] | 2 |- | [[Catherine Walsh]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] rothaí spóirt agus iomaitheoir lúthchleasaíochta (*1973) ♀ | [[rothaí spóirt]]<br/>[[iomaitheoir lúthchleasaíochta]] | data-sort-value="1973" | 1973-08-23 | | | | [[:d:Q16224339|Q16224339]] | 1 |- | [[Sarah Reilly]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] iomaitheoir lúthchleasaíochta (*1973) ♀ | [[iomaitheoir lúthchleasaíochta]] | data-sort-value="1973" | 1973-07-03 | | | | [[:d:Q32375569|Q32375569]] | 3 |- | [[Lorraine Grogan]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] cispheileadóir (*1973) ♀ | [[cispheileadóir]] | data-sort-value="1973" | 1973-10-26 | | | | [[:d:Q135388053|Q135388053]] | 0 |- | [[Victoria Smurfit]] | [[Íomhá:Victoria Smurfit 2016.jpg|center|40px]] | ban-aisteoir Éireannach | [[aisteoir]]<br/>[[aisteoir scannáin]] | data-sort-value="1974" | 1974-03-31 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] | | [[:d:Q127333|Q127333]] | 19 |- | [[Lorraine Pilkington]] | | ban-aisteoir Éireannach | [[aisteoir]]<br/>[[aisteoir scannáin]] | data-sort-value="1974" | 1974-04-18 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] | | [[:d:Q467567|Q467567]] | 11 |- | [[Alex Barclay]] | [[Íomhá:Alex Barclay 2010.jpg|center|40px]] | scríbhneoir Éireannach | [[scríbhneoir]]<br/>[[scríbhneoir litríocht pháistí]]<br/>[[scríbhneoir coirscéalta]]<br/>[[iriseoir]]<br/>[[údar]] | data-sort-value="1974" | 1974 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] | | [[:d:Q517660|Q517660]] | 10 |- | [[Lisa McDonald]] | | polaiteoir Éireannach | [[polaiteoir]] | data-sort-value="1974" | 1974-07-09 | | [[Contae Loch Garman]] | | [[:d:Q1827764|Q1827764]] | 2 |- | [[Jennifer Walshe]] | [[Íomhá:Jennifer Walshe MX IL.jpg|center|40px]] | cumadóir Éireannach | [[cumadóir]]<br/>[[leabhrógaí]]<br/>[[ceoltóir]] | data-sort-value="1974" | 1974-06-01 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] | | [[:d:Q2313131|Q2313131]] | 10 |- | [[Órlagh Fallon]] | | amhránaí agus cumadóir Éireannach | [[cumadóir]]<br/>[[amhránaí ceoldrámaíochta]]<br/>[[ealaíontóir taifeadta]]<br/>[[ceoltóir]] | data-sort-value="1974" | 1974-08-24 | | [[Cnoc an Eanaigh]] | | [[:d:Q2447901|Q2447901]] | 12 |- | [[Camille O'Sullivan]] | | aisteoir agus ceoltóir Éireannach | [[péintéir]]<br/>[[amhránaí]]<br/>[[ailtire]]<br/>[[aisteoir]]<br/>[[aisteoir stáitse]] | data-sort-value="1974" | 1974-12-30 | | [[Londain]] | | [[:d:Q2935027|Q2935027]] | 6 |- | [[Eva Birthistle]] | [[Íomhá:Eva Birthistle in 2007.jpg|center|40px]] | ban-aisteoir Éireannach | [[aisteoir]]<br/>[[aisteoir scannáin]]<br/>[[stiúrthóir scannán]] | data-sort-value="1974" | 1974 | | [[Bré]] | | [[:d:Q3061229|Q3061229]] | 17 |- | [[Amanda Brunker]] | | scríbhneoir Éireannach | [[Mainicín faisin|mainicín]]<br/>[[iomaitheoir i gcomórtas áilleachta]] | data-sort-value="1974" | 1974-06-12 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] | | [[:d:Q4739579|Q4739579]] | 2 |- | [[Deirdre Gallagher]] | | lúthchleasaí | [[siúlóir rása]] | data-sort-value="1974" | 1974-07-13 | | | | [[:d:Q5252565|Q5252565]] | 2 |- | [[Jenny McCauley]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] mountain biker (*1974) ♀ | [[mountain biker]] | data-sort-value="1974" | 1974-07-18 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] | | [[:d:Q17104427|Q17104427]] | 3 |- | [[Kathy Maryirl Reid]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] cispheileadóir (*1974) ♀ | [[cispheileadóir]] | data-sort-value="1974" | 1974-07-21 | | | | [[:d:Q135388045|Q135388045]] | 0 |- | [[Patricia Nolan]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] cispheileadóir (*1974) ♀ | [[cispheileadóir]] | data-sort-value="1974" | 1974-02-04 | | | | [[:d:Q135388046|Q135388046]] | 0 |- | [[Tara Blaise]] | | ban-aisteoir agus amhránaí Éireannach | [[amhránaí]]<br/>[[aisteoir stáitse]] | data-sort-value="1975" | 1975-03-01 | | [[Londain]] | | [[:d:Q2091210|Q2091210]] | 5 |- | [[Marie Davenport]] | | lúthchleasaí | [[cianreathaí]] | data-sort-value="1975" | 1975-01-24 | | [[Inis Díomáin]] | | [[:d:Q6762820|Q6762820]] | 1 |- | [[Maria McCambridge]] | [[Íomhá:Maria McCambridge Berlin 2015.jpg|center|40px]] | cianreathaí Éireannach | [[reathaí maratóin]] | data-sort-value="1975" | 1975-07-10 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] | | [[:d:Q16210935|Q16210935]] | 2 |- | [[Rosemary Ryan]] | | cianreathaí Éireannach | [[cianreathaí]] | data-sort-value="1975" | 1975-11-08 | | [[Luimneach]] | | [[:d:Q22415175|Q22415175]] | 2 |- | [[Catherine O'Neill]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] iomaitheoir lúthchleasaíochta (*1975) ♀ | [[iomaitheoir lúthchleasaíochta]] | data-sort-value="1975" | 1975-12-04 | | [[Ros Mhic Thriúin]] | | [[:d:Q27464978|Q27464978]] | 1 |- | [[Sarah Ennis]] | [[Íomhá:2025 European Eventing Championships 20250920 114320.jpg|center|40px]] | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] marcach (*1975) ♀ | [[marcach]] | data-sort-value="1975" | 1975-03-13 | | | | [[:d:Q56697421|Q56697421]] | 4 |- | [[Sinead Vaughan]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] cispheileadóir (*1975) ♀ | [[cispheileadóir]] | data-sort-value="1975" | 1975-01-05 | | | | [[:d:Q135388047|Q135388047]] | 0 |- | [[Rachel Kelly]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] cispheileadóir (*1975) ♀ | [[cispheileadóir]] | data-sort-value="1975" | 1975-03-09 | | | | [[:d:Q135388049|Q135388049]] | 0 |- | [[Suzanne Maguire]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] cispheileadóir (*1975) ♀ | [[cispheileadóir]] | data-sort-value="1975" | 1975-05-01 | | | | [[:d:Q135388052|Q135388052]] | 0 |- | [[Olive Loughnane]] | | lúthchleasaí Éireannach | [[iomaitheoir lúthchleasaíochta]] | data-sort-value="1976" | 1976-01-14 | | [[Corcaigh]] | | [[:d:Q270214|Q270214]] | 17 |- | [[Gillian O'Sullivan]] | | lúthchleasaí Éireannach | [[siúlóir rása]] | data-sort-value="1976" | 1976-08-21 | | [[Cill Airne]] | | [[:d:Q447794|Q447794]] | 14 |- | [[Natalia O'Shea]] | [[Íomhá:Helavisa5.jpg|center|40px]] | ceoltóir agus teangeolaí Rúiseach | [[teangeolaí]]<br/>[[amhránaí]]<br/>[[cumadóir]]<br/>[[scríbhneoir]]<br/>[[cumadóir amhrán]]<br/>[[cláirseoir]]<br/>[[cóiritheoir ceoil]] | data-sort-value="1976" | 1976-09-03 | | [[Moscó]] | | [[:d:Q2378234|Q2378234]] | 10 |- | [[Sinéad Lynch]] | | iomróir Éireannach | [[iomróir]]<br/>[[rothaí spóirt]] | data-sort-value="1976" | 1976-09-30 | | [[Leitir Ceanainn]] | | [[:d:Q7522382|Q7522382]] | 6 |- | [[Karen Shinkins]] | | rábálaí Éireannach | [[iomaitheoir lúthchleasaíochta]] | data-sort-value="1976" | 1976-10-15 | | | | [[:d:Q11735683|Q11735683]] | 4 |- | [[Claire McCarthy]] | | reathaí fadraoin Éireannach | [[cianreathaí]] | data-sort-value="1976" | 1976-06-29 | | | | [[:d:Q39073573|Q39073573]] | 1 |- | [[Denise Scally]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] cispheileadóir (*1976) ♀ | [[cispheileadóir]] | data-sort-value="1976" | 1976-08-13 | | | | [[:d:Q135388048|Q135388048]] | 0 |- | [[Giada Gray]] | [[Íomhá:Moritz A. Sachs und Giada Gray (1997).jpg|center|40px]] | aisteoir | [[aisteoir]]<br/>[[déantóir scannán]]<br/>[[stiúrthóir scannán]] | data-sort-value="1977" | 1977-06-23 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] | | [[:d:Q62318|Q62318]] | 2 |- | [[Gemma Hayes]] | [[Íomhá:Gemma Hayes.png|center|40px]] | amhránaí agus cumadóir Éireannach | [[amhránaí is scríbhneoir]]<br/>[[amhránaí]]<br/>[[ealaíontóir taifeadta]] | data-sort-value="1977" | 1977-08-11 | | [[Béal Átha Póirín]] | | [[:d:Q273220|Q273220]] | 12 |- | [[Genevieve O'Reilly]] | [[Íomhá:Genevieve O'Reilly at a panel at the 2025 Star Wars Celebration in Japan (cropped).jpg|center|40px]] | ban-aisteoir Éireannach | [[aisteoir stáitse]]<br/>[[aisteoir scannáin]]<br/>[[aisteoir]] | data-sort-value="1977" | 1977-01-06 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] | | [[:d:Q438161|Q438161]] | 22 |- | [[Eileen Walsh]] | [[Íomhá:Eileen Walsh at Berlinale 2024-1.jpg|center|40px]] | ban-aisteoir Éireannach | [[aisteoir scannáin]]<br/>[[aisteoir]] | data-sort-value="1977" | 1977-04-16 | | [[Corcaigh]] | | [[:d:Q517868|Q517868]] | 14 |- | [[Lisa Dwan]] | [[Íomhá:Lisa dwan 2022 1.jpg|center|40px]] | ban-aisteoir | [[aisteoir]]<br/>[[aisteoir scannáin]]<br/>[[aisteoir stáitse]] | data-sort-value="1977" | 1977-11-25 | | [[Coosan]] | | [[:d:Q1827725|Q1827725]] | 5 |- | [[Melanie Clark Pullen]] | | ban-aisteoir Éireannach | [[aisteoir]]<br/>[[aisteoir stáitse]]<br/>[[stiúrthóir scannán]] | data-sort-value="1977" | 1977-07-02 | data-sort-value="2022" | 2022-03-29 | [[Bré]] | | [[:d:Q1918954|Q1918954]] | 7 |- | [[Laoise Ní Cheallaigh]] | | amhránaí Éireannach | [[amhránaí]]<br/>[[pianódóir]] | data-sort-value="1977" | 1977-05-07 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] | | [[:d:Q2619994|Q2619994]] | 11 |- | [[Brídín Ní Bhraonáin]] | | amhránaí Éireannach | [[amhránaí]] | data-sort-value="1977" | 1977-01-20 | | [[Gaoth Dobhair]] | | [[:d:Q3247179|Q3247179]] | 6 |- | [[Sinead Keenan]] | [[Íomhá:SineadKeenanMem2011.jpg|center|40px]] | ban-aisteoir Éireannach | [[aisteoir]]<br/>[[aisteoir stáitse]] | data-sort-value="1977" | 1977-12-27 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] | | [[:d:Q3484904|Q3484904]] | 10 |- | [[Andrea Roche]] | | mainicín Éireannach | [[Mainicín faisin|mainicín]]<br/>[[iomaitheoir i gcomórtas áilleachta]] | data-sort-value="1977" | 1977-11-11 | | [[An Chathair, Contae Thiobraid Árann|An Chathair]] | | [[:d:Q4755254|Q4755254]] | 4 |- | [[Caitriona Beggs]] | | cruicéadaí | [[cruicéadaí]] | data-sort-value="1977" | 1977-07-15 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] | | [[:d:Q5017933|Q5017933]] | 3 |- | [[Tarja Owens]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] mountain biker agus oistéapat (*1977) ♀ | [[mountain biker]]<br/>[[oistéapat]] | data-sort-value="1977" | 1977-05-25 | | [[Cill Mhantáin]]<br/>[[Deilgne]] | | [[:d:Q17106405|Q17106405]] | 4 |- | [[Lindsay Armaou]] | [[Íomhá:Lindsay Armaou in Manchester.jpg|center|40px]] | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] [[Amhránaí|amhránaí]], [[Aisteoir|aisteoir]] agus [[Ceoltóir|ceoltóir]] (fl. 1997–) (*1978) ♀; member of [[B*Witched]]; spouse of Lee Brennan agus Pahl | [[amhránaí]]<br/>[[aisteoir]]<br/>[[ceoltóir]] | data-sort-value="1978" | 1978-12-18 | | [[an Aithin]] | | [[:d:Q2096443|Q2096443]] | 6 |- | [[Cathy Davey]] | [[Íomhá:Cathy Davey.jpg|center|40px]] | ceoltóir Éireannach | [[amhránaí is scríbhneoir]]<br/>[[cumadóir]]<br/>[[giotáraí]] | data-sort-value="1978" | 1978 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] | | [[:d:Q2942190|Q2942190]] | 4 |- | [[Gillian Norris]] | [[Íomhá:Gillian Norris.jpg|center|40px]] | damhsóir Éireannach | [[damhsóir]] | data-sort-value="1978" | 1978-12-29 | | [[Coill Mhic Thomáisín]] | | [[:d:Q3106618|Q3106618]] | 6 |- | [[Rosie Fellner]] | [[Íomhá:RoomNextDoorBFILFFRFH191024 (10 of 159) (54080060222) (cropped).jpg|center|40px]] | aisteoir agus léiritheoir scannán | [[aisteoir]]<br/>[[léiritheoir scannáin]]<br/>[[aisteoir scannáin]] | data-sort-value="1978" | 1978 | | [[Tiobraid Árann (baile)|Tiobraid Árann]] | | [[:d:Q3442638|Q3442638]] | 7 |- | [[Aisling O'Loughlin]] | | iriseoir teilifíse | [[iriseoir]]<br/>[[léitheoir nuachta]]<br/>[[láithreoir teilifíse]]<br/>[[láithreoir]] | data-sort-value="1978" | 1978 | | [[Sionainn (baile)|Sionainn]] | | [[:d:Q4699208|Q4699208]] | 3 |- | [[Aoife Mulholland]] | [[Íomhá:Aoife Mulholland.jpg|center|40px]] | ban-aisteoir Éireannach | [[aisteoir]] | data-sort-value="1978" | 1978-05-29 | | [[Gaillimh]] | | [[:d:Q4778632|Q4778632]] | 3 |- | [[Aoife O'Connor]] | | imreoir camógaíochta | [[camogie player]] | data-sort-value="1978" | 1978-11-27 | | | | [[:d:Q4778638|Q4778638]] | 1 |- | [[Grainne Kierans]] | | imreoir sacair | [[imreoir sacair]]<br/>[[bainisteoir sacair]] | data-sort-value="1978" | 1978-09-20 | | [[Droichead Átha]] | | [[:d:Q5593528|Q5593528]] | 3 |- | [[Stephanie Reilly]] | | lúthchleasaí | [[cianreathaí]] | data-sort-value="1978" | 1978-02-23 | | | | [[:d:Q7608378|Q7608378]] | 4 |- | [[Breege Connelly]] | [[Íomhá:Breege Connolly Rio2016.jpg|center|40px]] | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] iomaitheoir lúthchleasaíochta (*1978) ♀ | [[iomaitheoir lúthchleasaíochta]] | data-sort-value="1978" | 1978-02-01 | | | | [[:d:Q26218407|Q26218407]] | 3 |- | [[Fiona Glennon]] | | imreoir badmantain | [[imreoir badmantain]] | data-sort-value="1978" | 1978 | | | | [[:d:Q65554285|Q65554285]] | 0 |- | [[Pauline Glennon]] | | imreoir badmantain | [[imreoir badmantain]] | data-sort-value="1978" | 1978 | | | | [[:d:Q65554524|Q65554524]] | 0 |- | [[Sinead Leahy]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] cispheileadóir (*1978) ♀ | [[cispheileadóir]] | data-sort-value="1978" | 1978-01-16 | | | | [[:d:Q135381706|Q135381706]] | 0 |- | [[Emer Brophy]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] cispheileadóir (*1978) ♀ | [[cispheileadóir]] | data-sort-value="1978" | 1978-06-07 | | | | [[:d:Q135388212|Q135388212]] | 0 |- | [[Gillian Callaghan]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] cispheileadóir (*1978) ♀ | [[cispheileadóir]] | data-sort-value="1978" | 1978-12-04 | | | | [[:d:Q135388213|Q135388213]] | 0 |- | [[Bernadette Flynn]] | [[Íomhá:Bernadette Flynn.jpg|center|40px]] | damhsóir Éireannach | [[damhsóir]] | data-sort-value="1979" | 1979-08-01 | | [[An tAonach]] | | [[:d:Q445819|Q445819]] | 8 |- | [[Caroline Ryan]] | [[Íomhá:2015 UEC Track Elite European Championships 58.JPG|center|40px]] | rothaí Éireannach | [[iomróir]]<br/>[[rothaí spóirt]] | data-sort-value="1979" | 1979-10-10 | | [[Baile Mhic Andáin]] | | [[:d:Q511066|Q511066]] | 10 |- | [[Emma Byrne]] | [[Íomhá:Emma Byrne 2014 (cropped).jpg|center|40px]] | imreoir sacair | [[imreoir sacair]]<br/>[[bainisteoir sacair]] | data-sort-value="1979" | 1979-06-14 | | [[Léim an Bhradáin]] | | [[:d:Q533443|Q533443]] | 13 |- | [[Maite Kelly]] | [[Íomhá:Zimmer frei - der Abschied-2099.jpg|center|40px]] | amhránaí Éireannach | [[amhránaí]]<br/>[[aisteoir]]<br/>[[ceoltóir]]<br/>[[giotáraí]]<br/>[[scríbhneoir]]<br/>[[aisteoir ceolamharclannaíochta]]<br/>[[scríbhneoir litríocht pháistí]]<br/>[[oideoir]] | data-sort-value="1979" | 1979-12-04 | | [[Beirlín Thiar]]<br/>[[Beirlín]] | | [[:d:Q1885940|Q1885940]] | 6 |- | [[Kelly Liggan]] | | imreoir leadóige Éireannach | [[imreoir leadóige]] | data-sort-value="1979" | 1979-02-05 | | [[an Spáinn]] | | [[:d:Q3194905|Q3194905]] | 10 |- | [[Máiréad Nesbitt]] | [[Íomhá:Mairead Nesbitt at MacQuarie Centre 02.jpg|center|40px]] | veidhleadóir Éireannach | [[veidhleadóir]]<br/>[[cumadóir]]<br/>[[classical violinist]]<br/>[[ceoltóir]] | data-sort-value="1979" | 1979-04-18 | | [[Luachma]] | | [[:d:Q3300102|Q3300102]] | 14 |- | [[Aideen Barry]] | [[Íomhá:Aideen Barry & H.Romero 2017.jpg|center|40px]] | ealaíontóir Éireannach | [[ealaíontóir]] | data-sort-value="1979" | 1979 | | [[Corcaigh]] | | [[:d:Q4696757|Q4696757]] | 2 |- | [[Ciara McCormack]] | | imreoir sacair | [[imreoir sacair]] | data-sort-value="1979" | 1979-09-29 | | [[North Vancouver]] | | [[:d:Q5119123|Q5119123]] | 5 |- | [[Denise Thomas]] | | peileadóir | [[imreoir sacair]] | data-sort-value="1979" | 1979-12-22 | | | | [[:d:Q5257778|Q5257778]] | 2 |- | [[Ruth Kilkenny]] | | imreoir badmantain | [[imreoir badmantain]] | data-sort-value="1979" | 1979 | | | | [[:d:Q65554558|Q65554558]] | 0 |- | [[Clare Flood]] | | imreoir badmantain | [[imreoir badmantain]] | data-sort-value="1980" | 1980s | | | | [[:d:Q518775|Q518775]] | 1 |- | [[Amy-Joyce Hastings]] | [[Íomhá:Amy-Joyce Hastings (cropped).jpg|center|40px]] | ban-aisteoir Éireannach | [[aisteoir]]<br/>[[stiúrthóir scannán]] | data-sort-value="1980" | 1980-09-24 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] | | [[:d:Q4749054|Q4749054]] | 6 |- | [[Aoife Lynskey]] | | imreoir camógaíochta | | data-sort-value="1980" | 1980 | | | | [[:d:Q4778630|Q4778630]] | 1 |- | [[Roisin McGettigan]] | | lúthchleasaí | [[reathaí]] | data-sort-value="1980" | 1980-08-23 | | [[Cill Mhantáin]] | | [[:d:Q4966678|Q4966678]] | 5 |- | [[Ronnie Gibbons]] | | imreoir sacair | [[imreoir sacair]] | data-sort-value="1980" | 1980-01-16 | | [[Wandsworth]] | | [[:d:Q7365872|Q7365872]] | 4 |- | [[Ciara Sheehy]] | | rábálaí Éireannach | [[rábálaí]] | data-sort-value="1980" | 1980-08-12 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] | | [[:d:Q22002462|Q22002462]] | 1 |- | [[Lizzie Lee]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] iomaitheoir lúthchleasaíochta (*1980) ♀ | [[iomaitheoir lúthchleasaíochta]] | data-sort-value="1980" | 1980-05-22 | | | | [[:d:Q26267482|Q26267482]] | 3 |- | [[Caitriona Farrell]] | | imreoir badmantain | [[imreoir badmantain]] | data-sort-value="1980" | 1980 | | | | [[:d:Q27763839|Q27763839]] | 0 |- | [[Jean Carroll]] | | cruicéadaí | [[cruicéadaí]] | data-sort-value="1980" | 1980-06-19 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] | | [[:d:Q28233007|Q28233007]] | 4 |- | [[Lindsay Peat]] | | imreoir rugbaí Éireannach | [[imreoir rugbaí]]<br/>[[imreoir sacair]]<br/>[[cispheileadóir]] | data-sort-value="1980" | 1980-11-05 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] | | [[:d:Q42666501|Q42666501]] | 1 |- | [[Ann Marie McGlynn]] | | Cianreathaí (*1980) ♀ | [[cianreathaí]] | data-sort-value="1980" | 1980-02-22 | | | | [[:d:Q102401300|Q102401300]] | 1 |- | [[Siobhan Kilkenny]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] cispheileadóir (*1980) ♀ | [[cispheileadóir]] | data-sort-value="1980" | 1980-06-17 | | | | [[:d:Q119539359|Q119539359]] | 0 |- | [[Susan Moran]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] cispheileadóir agus cóitseálaí cispheile (*1980) ♀ | [[cispheileadóir]]<br/>[[cóitseálaí cispheile]] | data-sort-value="1980" | 1980-01-17 | | | | [[:d:Q119548345|Q119548345]] | 1 |- | [[Lynda Guy]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] cispheileadóir (*1980) ♀ | [[cispheileadóir]] | data-sort-value="1980" | 1980-07-21 | | | | [[:d:Q135381707|Q135381707]] | 0 |- | [[Derval O'Rourke]] | [[Íomhá:Derval O'Rourke Barcelona2010.jpg|center|40px]] | lúthchleasaí Éireannach | [[cliathreathaí]] | data-sort-value="1981" | 1981-05-28 | | [[Corcaigh]] | | [[:d:Q269905|Q269905]] | 20 |- | [[Roberta Howett]] | | amhránaí Éireannach | [[amhránaí]]<br/>[[cumadóir amhrán]] | data-sort-value="1981" | 1981-09-26 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] | | [[:d:Q1249563|Q1249563]] | 3 |- | [[Bing Huang]] | | imreoir badmantain Éireannach | [[imreoir badmantain]] | data-sort-value="1981" | 1981 | | [[Shenyang]] | | [[:d:Q1408084|Q1408084]] | 2 |- | [[Rebecca Codd]] | [[Íomhá:Rebecca Codd.JPG|center|40px]] | galfaire Éireannach | [[galfaire]] | data-sort-value="1981" | 1981-04-25 | | [[Adelaide]] | | [[:d:Q1871491|Q1871491]] | 3 |- | [[Eileen O'Keeffe]] | | caiteoir oird Éireannach | [[caiteoir oird]] | data-sort-value="1981" | 1981-05-31 | | | | [[:d:Q2741358|Q2741358]] | 5 |- | [[Yvonne Tracy]] | [[Íomhá:Yvonne Tracy at the Emirates Stadium, London - 20090524.jpg|center|40px]] | imreoir sacair | [[imreoir sacair]] | data-sort-value="1981" | 1981-02-27 | | [[Luimneach]] | | [[:d:Q3574236|Q3574236]] | 8 |- | [[Ailis McSweeney]] | | rábálaí | [[rábálaí]] | data-sort-value="1981" | 1981<br/>1983-10-04 | | | | [[:d:Q4697077|Q4697077]] | 1 |- | [[Aisling Blake]] | [[Íomhá:Aisling Blake.jpg|center|40px]] | imreoir scuaise Éireannach | [[imreoir scuaise]] | data-sort-value="1981" | 1981-07-23 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] | | [[:d:Q4699198|Q4699198]] | 5 |- | [[Aoife Clark]] | [[Íomhá:Aoife Clark, 2012 (cropped).jpg|center|40px]] | marcach Éireannach | [[marcach]] | data-sort-value="1981" | 1981-08-06 | | | | [[:d:Q4778629|Q4778629]] | 4 |- | [[Beverley O'Sullivan]] | | aisteoir agus amhránaí Éireannach | [[amhránaí]]<br/>[[aisteoir]] | data-sort-value="1981" | 1981-01-16 | data-sort-value="2009" | 2009-11-02 | [[Domhnach Míde]] | [[Bharatpur]] | [[:d:Q4899424|Q4899424]] | 3 |- | [[Jenny McDonough]] | [[Íomhá:Jenny McDonough.JPG|center|40px]] | imreoir haca Éireannach | [[imreoir haca]] | data-sort-value="1981" | 1981-04-23 | | [[Béal Feirste]] | | [[:d:Q6179391|Q6179391]] | 2 |- | [[Michelle Carey]] | [[Íomhá:Michelle Carey (athlete) (cropped).jpg|center|40px]] | lúthchleasaí Éireannach | [[iomaitheoir lúthchleasaíochta]] | data-sort-value="1981" | 1981-03-20<br/>1981-02-20 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] | | [[:d:Q6836951|Q6836951]] | 6 |- | [[Jennifer O'Sullivan]] | | lúthchleasaí Éireannach | [[iomaitheoir lúthchleasaíochta]] | data-sort-value="1981" | 1981-02-09 | | | | [[:d:Q11724189|Q11724189]] | 1 |- | [[Judy Reynolds]] | [[Íomhá:Judy Reynolds, 2014 (cropped).JPG|center|40px]] | marcach eachraíochta | [[dressage rider]] | data-sort-value="1981" | 1981-06-11 | | [[Cill Dara]] | | [[:d:Q19518281|Q19518281]] | 4 |- | [[Kerry O'Flaherty]] | [[Íomhá:10068 Kerry O'Flaherty.jpg|center|40px]] | lúthchleasaí Éireannach | [[iomaitheoir lúthchleasaíochta]] | data-sort-value="1981" | 1981-07-15 | | [[Baile Nua na hArda]] | | [[:d:Q20967858|Q20967858]] | 7 |- | [[Melanie Späth]] | [[Íomhá:2015 UEC Track Elite European Championships 60.JPG|center|40px]] | rothaí | [[rothaí spóirt]] | data-sort-value="1981" | 1981-06-16 | | [[Flensburg]] | | [[:d:Q21197651|Q21197651]] | 5 |- | [[Emily Maher]] | | rábálaí Éireannach | [[rábálaí]] | data-sort-value="1981" | 1981-05-02 | | [[Cill Chainnigh]] | | [[:d:Q22002445|Q22002445]] | 2 |- | [[Lisa Lynas]] | | imreoir badmantain | [[imreoir badmantain]] | data-sort-value="1981" | 1981-11-03 | | | | [[:d:Q27267562|Q27267562]] | 1 |- | [[Martina McCarthy]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] rábálaí (*1981) ♀ | [[rábálaí]] | data-sort-value="1981" | 1981-10-27 | | | | [[:d:Q39270831|Q39270831]] | 1 |- | [[Suzanne Kenealy]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] cruicéadaí (*1981) ♀ | [[cruicéadaí]] | data-sort-value="1981" | 1981-11-27 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] | | [[:d:Q43289629|Q43289629]] | 3 |- | [[Wallis Bird]] | [[Íomhá:Wallisbird2007.jpg|center|40px]] | ceoltóir Éireannach | [[ceoltóir]]<br/>[[cumadóir amhrán]]<br/>[[amhránaí]]<br/>[[giotáraí]]<br/>[[cumadóir]] | data-sort-value="1982" | 1982-01-29 | | [[Loch Garman]] | | [[:d:Q444966|Q444966]] | 10 |- | [[Deirdre Ryan]] | [[Íomhá:RyanDeirdre 2012.jpg|center|40px]] | léimneoir ard Éireannach | [[iomaitheoir lúthchleasaíochta]] | data-sort-value="1982" | 1982-06-01 | | [[Dún Droma]] | | [[:d:Q518463|Q518463]] | 7 |- | [[Eimear Mullan]] | [[Íomhá:Eimear Mullan Ironman 70.3 Austria 2012.jpg|center|40px]] | trí-atlanaí Éireannach | [[trí-atlanaí]] | data-sort-value="1982" | 1982-05-21 | | [[Port Stíobhaird]] | | [[:d:Q1279348|Q1279348]] | 5 |- | [[Rachel Neylan]] | [[Íomhá:Women's road race - Rio 2016 (28783792620).jpg|center|40px]] | rothaí Astrálach | [[rothaí spóirt]] | data-sort-value="1982" | 1982-03-09 | | [[Sydney]] | | [[:d:Q2125227|Q2125227]] | 14 |- | [[Lynn Hilary]] | | amhránaí agus ceoltóir Éireannach | [[amhránaí]]<br/>[[giotáraí]]<br/>[[cumadóir]] | data-sort-value="1982" | 1982-04-21 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] | | [[:d:Q2420865|Q2420865]] | 12 |- | [[Sarah Flannery]] | | matamaiticeoir Éireannach | [[matamaiticeoir]] | data-sort-value="1982" | 1982 | | [[Contae Chorcaí]] | | [[:d:Q3672830|Q3672830]] | 8 |- | [[Aoife Murray]] | | imreoir camógaíochta | | data-sort-value="1982" | 1982 | | [[Dún Mánmhaí]] | | [[:d:Q4778636|Q4778636]] | 1 |- | [[Mary Cullen]] | | reathaí meánraoin agus fadraoin Éireannach | [[iomaitheoir lúthchleasaíochta]] | data-sort-value="1982" | 1982-08-17 | | | | [[:d:Q4943747|Q4943747]] | 6 |- | [[Marian Heffernan]] | | lúthchleasaí Éireannach | [[rábálaí]] | data-sort-value="1982" | 1982-04-16 | | [[Corcaigh]] | | [[:d:Q6761898|Q6761898]] | 5 |- | [[Michelle Walsh]] | | imreoir sacair | [[imreoir sacair]] | data-sort-value="1982" | 1982-08-02 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] | | [[:d:Q6837287|Q6837287]] | 3 |- | [[Deirdre Byrne]] | | cianreathaí Éireannach | [[reathaí meánfhaid]]<br/>[[cianreathaí]] | data-sort-value="1982" | 1982-09-21 | | | | [[:d:Q25936076|Q25936076]] | 2 |- | [[Michelle Fahy]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] cispheileadóir (*1982) ♀ | [[cispheileadóir]] | data-sort-value="1982" | 1982-03-26 | | | | [[:d:Q119544512|Q119544512]] | 0 |- | [[Niamh Dwyer]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] cispheileadóir (*1982) ♀ | [[cispheileadóir]] | data-sort-value="1982" | 1982-07-08 | | | | [[:d:Q119547098|Q119547098]] | 0 |- | [[Kate Maher]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] cispheileadóir (*1982) ♀ | [[cispheileadóir]] | data-sort-value="1982" | 1982-06-21 | | | | [[:d:Q119553910|Q119553910]] | 0 |- | [[Katie McGrath]] | [[Íomhá:Heroes Assemble IMG 9226 (42762338021).jpg|center|40px]] | ban-aisteoir Éireannach | [[aisteoir]]<br/>[[aisteoir scannáin]]<br/>[[aisteoir teilifíse]] | data-sort-value="1983" | 1983-01-03 | | [[Áth na Fuinseoige]] | | [[:d:Q253440|Q253440]] | 44 |- | [[Carly Smithson]] | [[Íomhá:Carly Smithson in parade.jpg|center|40px]] | amhránaí Éireannach | [[ceoltóir]]<br/>[[amhránaí]]<br/>[[cumadóir amhrán]]<br/>[[amhránaí is scríbhneoir]]<br/>[[aisteoir]] | data-sort-value="1983" | 1983-09-12 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] | | [[:d:Q292301|Q292301]] | 16 |- | [[Joanne King]] | | ban-aisteoir Éireannach | [[aisteoir]] | data-sort-value="1983" | 1983-04-20 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] | | [[:d:Q3179676|Q3179676]] | 7 |- | [[Ava Hutchinson]] | [[Íomhá:Ava Hutchinson - 2012 Olympics marathon.jpg|center|40px]] | lúthchleasaí | [[cianreathaí]] | data-sort-value="1983" | 1983-03-30 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] | | [[:d:Q4827385|Q4827385]] | 4 |- | [[Hannah Craig]] | [[Íomhá:Slalom canoeing 2012 Olympics W K1 IRL Hannah Craig.jpg|center|40px]] | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] canúálaí (*1983) ♀ | [[canúálaí]] | data-sort-value="1983" | 1983-02-10 | | | | [[:d:Q5648813|Q5648813]] | 2 |- | [[Stef Curtis]] | | imreoir sacair | [[imreoir sacair]] | data-sort-value="1983" | 1983-12-05 | | [[Briostó]] | | [[:d:Q7605993|Q7605993]] | 4 |- | [[Aoife Hoey]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] iomaitheoir lúthchleasaíochta agus bobshleamhnóir (*1983) ♀ | [[iomaitheoir lúthchleasaíochta]]<br/>[[bobshleamhnóir]] | data-sort-value="1983" | 1983-09-06 | | [[Cúil an tSúdaire]] | | [[:d:Q7905573|Q7905573]] | 5 |- | [[Zoë Brown]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] iomaitheoir lúthchleasaíochta (*1983) ♀ | [[iomaitheoir lúthchleasaíochta]] | data-sort-value="1983" | 1983-09-15 | | | | [[:d:Q9392042|Q9392042]] | 1 |- | [[Cecelia Joyce]] | | cruicéadaí | [[cruicéadaí]] | data-sort-value="1983" | 1983-07-25 | | [[Cill Mhantáin]] | | [[:d:Q12978229|Q12978229]] | 7 |- | [[Kim Fitzpatrick]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] cispheileadóir (*1983) ♀ | [[cispheileadóir]] | data-sort-value="1983" | 1983-02-24 | | | | [[:d:Q119537533|Q119537533]] | 0 |- | [[Mary Fox]] | | [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá|Meiriceánach]]-[[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|éireannaigh]] cispheileadóir (*1983) ♀ | [[cispheileadóir]] | data-sort-value="1983" | 1983-05-08 | | [[Fairview Park]] | | [[:d:Q119562828|Q119562828]] | 0 |- | [[Nora-Jane Noone]] | [[Íomhá:Nora-Jane Noone at the 2024 Toronto International Film Festival (cropped).jpg|center|40px]] | ban-aisteoir Éireannach | [[aisteoir scannáin]] | data-sort-value="1984" | 1984-03-08 | | [[Gaillimh]] | | [[:d:Q292107|Q292107]] | 14 |- | [[Joanne Cuddihy]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] iomaitheoir lúthchleasaíochta (*1984) ♀ | [[iomaitheoir lúthchleasaíochta]] | data-sort-value="1984" | 1984-05-11 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] | | [[:d:Q458353|Q458353]] | 7 |- | [[Leanne Moore]] | | amhránaí Éireannach | [[amhránaí]] | data-sort-value="1984" | 1984-07-24 | | [[Luimneach]] | | [[:d:Q945587|Q945587]] | 4 |- | [[Ruth Kearney]] | | ban-aisteoir Éireannach | [[aisteoir]]<br/>[[aisteoir teilifíse]]<br/>[[aisteoir stáitse]] | data-sort-value="1984" | 1984-11-11 | | [[Lambeth]] | | [[:d:Q1535775|Q1535775]] | 10 |- | [[Charlene McKenna]] | [[Íomhá:Charlene McKenna (2008).jpg|center|40px]] | ban-aisteoir Éireannach | [[aisteoir]]<br/>[[aisteoir stáitse]]<br/>[[aisteoir scannáin]] | data-sort-value="1984" | 1984-03-26 | | [[Glasloch]] | | [[:d:Q2957880|Q2957880]] | 12 |- | [[Fionnuala McCormack]] | [[Íomhá:Fionnuala Britton Velenje 2011.jpg|center|40px]] | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] iomaitheoir lúthchleasaíochta agus cianreathaí (*1984) ♀ | [[iomaitheoir lúthchleasaíochta]]<br/>[[cianreathaí]] | data-sort-value="1984" | 1984-09-24 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] | | [[:d:Q3072729|Q3072729]] | 11 |- | [[Niamh Briggs]] | | imreoir rugbaí Éireannach | [[imreoir rugbaí]] | data-sort-value="1984" | 1984-09-30 | | [[Dún na Mainistreach]] | | [[:d:Q3339465|Q3339465]] | 2 |- | [[Rosie Foley]] | [[Íomhá:Rosie foley limbo pic.jpg|center|40px]] | imreoir rugbaí Éireannach | [[imreoir rugbaí]] | data-sort-value="1984" | 1984 | | | | [[:d:Q3442640|Q3442640]] | 1 |- | [[Shannon McDonnell]] | | imreoir sacair | [[imreoir sacair]] | data-sort-value="1984" | 1984-09-28 | | [[Orland Park]] | | [[:d:Q7488908|Q7488908]] | 3 |- | [[Siobhan Byrne]] | | pionsóir Oilimpeach | [[pionsóir]]<br/>[[scríbhneoir scripte]] | data-sort-value="1984" | 1984-08-13 | | [[Ostfildern]] | | [[:d:Q7525288|Q7525288]] | 2 |- | [[Gillian Búrc]] | | imreoir rugbaí Éireannach | [[imreoir rugbaí]] | data-sort-value="1984" | 1984-08-28 | | [[Luimneach]] | | [[:d:Q17859745|Q17859745]] | 1 |- | [[Lydia Gurley]] | [[Íomhá:2016 2017 UCI Track World Cup Apeldoorn 226.jpg|center|40px]] | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] raonrothaí (*1984) ♀ | [[raonrothaí]] | data-sort-value="1984" | 1984-09-09 | | [[Baile Átha an Rí]] | | [[:d:Q27517415|Q27517415]] | 9 |- | [[Monika Gedvilaite]] | | Imreoir fichille (*1984) ♀ | [[imreoir fichille]] | data-sort-value="1984" | 1984-11-16 | | | | [[:d:Q28479153|Q28479153]] | 0 |- | [[Sandra Lynch]] | | imreoir badmantain | [[imreoir badmantain]] | data-sort-value="1984" | 1984 | | | | [[:d:Q65554564|Q65554564]] | 0 |- | [[Rachel Wyse]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] láithreoir teilifíse agus marcach (*1985) ♀; spouse of Tim Gredley | [[láithreoir teilifíse]]<br/>[[marcach]] | data-sort-value="1985" | 1985-01-22 | | [[Cill Dara]] | | [[:d:Q1568896|Q1568896]] | 3 |- | [[Natalie Britton]] | | ban-aisteoir Éireannach | [[aisteoir]]<br/>[[stiúrthóir scannán]] | data-sort-value="1985" | 1985-02-21 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] | | [[:d:Q2165668|Q2165668]] | 0 |- | [[Georgia Salpa]] | [[Íomhá:Georgia salpa.jpg|center|40px]] | mainicín Gréagach-Éireannach | [[Mainicín faisin|mainicín]] | data-sort-value="1985" | 1985-05-14 | | [[an Aithin]] | | [[:d:Q2586982|Q2586982]] | 16 |- | [[Gemma-Leah Devereux]] | | ban-aisteoir | [[aisteoir]] | data-sort-value="1985" | 1985<br/>1990-08-09 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] | | [[:d:Q2688973|Q2688973]] | 6 |- | [[Kirsten McGarry]] | | sciálaí Alpach Éireannach | [[sciálaí Alpach]]<br/>[[sciálaí saorstíle]] | data-sort-value="1985" | 1985-07-25 | | [[Deilginis]] | | [[:d:Q2780652|Q2780652]] | 6 |- | [[Aoife Neary]] | | imreoir camógaíochta | | data-sort-value="1985" | 1985 | | [[Cill Chainnigh]] | | [[:d:Q4778637|Q4778637]] | 1 |- | [[Bernie Murray]] | | imreoir camógaíochta | | data-sort-value="1985" | 1985 | | | | [[:d:Q4894459|Q4894459]] | 1 |- | [[Claire Bergin]] | | bobshleamhnóir Éireannach | [[iomaitheoir lúthchleasaíochta]] | data-sort-value="1985" | 1985-02-01 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] | | [[:d:Q5125145|Q5125145]] | 5 |- | [[Marie Curtin]] | | imreoir sacair | [[imreoir sacair]] | data-sort-value="1985" | 1985-08-07 | | [[Luimneach]] | | [[:d:Q6762814|Q6762814]] | 3 |- | [[Caroline O'Sullivan]] | | imreoir badmantain | [[imreoir badmantain]] | data-sort-value="1985" | 1985 | | | | [[:d:Q65554212|Q65554212]] | 0 |- | [[Emer Foley]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] cispheileadóir (*1985) ♀ | [[cispheileadóir]] | data-sort-value="1985" | 1985-12-14 | | | | [[:d:Q119567267|Q119567267]] | 0 |- | [[Mischa Barton]] | [[Íomhá:Mischa Barton 2017.png|center|40px]] | aisteoir Briotanach-Meireacánach | [[aisteoir scannáin]]<br/>[[aisteoir linbh]]<br/>[[Mainicín faisin|mainicín]]<br/>[[aisteoir stáitse]]<br/>[[aisteoir teilifíse]]<br/>[[aisteoir]] | data-sort-value="1986" | 1986-01-24 | | [[Hammersmith]] | | [[:d:Q207458|Q207458]] | 51 |- | [[Dominique McElligott]] | [[Íomhá:Dominique McElligott - Cannes.jpg|center|40px]] | ban-aisteoir Éireannach | [[aisteoir]]<br/>[[aisteoir scannáin]] | data-sort-value="1986" | 1986-03-05 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] | | [[:d:Q456651|Q456651]] | 29 |- | [[Angela Walsh]] | | imreoir peil Ghaelach | [[imreoir peile Gaelaí]] | data-sort-value="1986" | 1986 | | [[Corcaigh]] | | [[:d:Q4762581|Q4762581]] | 2 |- | [[Bláthnaid McKenna]] | [[Íomhá:Miss Ireland 07 Blathnaid McKenna.jpg|center|40px]] | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] iomaitheoir i gcomórtas áilleachta agus [[Mainicín faisin|mainicín]] (*1986) ♀ | [[iomaitheoir i gcomórtas áilleachta]]<br/>[[Mainicín faisin|mainicín]] | data-sort-value="1986" | 1986-01-11 | | [[Cill Dara]] | | [[:d:Q4930907|Q4930907]] | 2 |- | [[Fiona O'Sullivan]] | [[Íomhá:Fiona O'Sullivan in San Jose.jpg|center|40px]] | imreoir sacair gairmiúil | [[imreoir sacair]] | data-sort-value="1986" | 1986-09-17 | | [[San Geronimo]] | | [[:d:Q4970710|Q4970710]] | 12 |- | [[Catriona Cuddihy]] | | lúthchleasaí | [[iomaitheoir lúthchleasaíochta]] | data-sort-value="1986" | 1986-12-05 | | [[Cill Chainnigh]] | | [[:d:Q5053959|Q5053959]] | 2 |- | [[Sophie Perry]] | [[Íomhá:Sophie Perry.jpg|center|40px]] | [[Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Thuaisceart Éireann|Briotanach]]-[[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|éireannaigh]] imreoir sacair (*1986) ♀ | [[imreoir sacair]] | data-sort-value="1986" | 1986-11-11 | | [[Brighton]] | | [[:d:Q7563050|Q7563050]] | 7 |- | [[Linda Byrne]] | [[Íomhá:Linda Byrne.jpg|center|40px]] | lúthchleasaí | [[cianreathaí]] | data-sort-value="1986" | 1986-05-13 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] | | [[:d:Q11756918|Q11756918]] | 7 |- | [[Rebecca Rolfe]] | | cruicéadaí | [[cruicéadaí]] | data-sort-value="1986" | 1986-11-27 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] | | [[:d:Q16225377|Q16225377]] | 3 |- | [[Jennie King]] | | imreoir badmantain | [[imreoir badmantain]] | data-sort-value="1986" | 1986-02-28 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] | | [[:d:Q26804583|Q26804583]] | 3 |- | [[Jill Whelan]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] cruicéadaí (*1986) ♀ | [[cruicéadaí]] | data-sort-value="1986" | 1986-12-28 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] | | [[:d:Q27567873|Q27567873]] | 3 |- | [[Sarah McCormack]] | [[Íomhá:20120310-UK-Inter-County-Cross-Country-03555 (6826896314).jpg|center|40px]] | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] iomaitheoir lúthchleasaíochta (*1986) ♀ | [[iomaitheoir lúthchleasaíochta]] | data-sort-value="1986" | 1986-08-19 | | [[Michigan]] | | [[:d:Q70926851|Q70926851]] | 2 |- | [[Sinead Kavanagh]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] ealaíontóir comhraic measctha (*1986) ♀ | [[ealaíontóir comhraic measctha]] | data-sort-value="1986" | 1986-02-01 | | | | [[:d:Q86340580|Q86340580]] | 3 |- | [[Joanne Maire Ni Mhathuna]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] cispheileadóir (*1986) ♀ | [[cispheileadóir]] | data-sort-value="1986" | 1986-12-02 | | | | [[:d:Q135381383|Q135381383]] | 0 |- | [[Cathy Grant]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] cispheileadóir (*1986) ♀ | [[cispheileadóir]] | data-sort-value="1986" | 1986-08-05 | | | | [[:d:Q135381384|Q135381384]] | 0 |- | [[Jayne Wisener]] | [[Íomhá:Jayne Wisener.jpg|center|40px]] | ban-aisteoir | [[aisteoir]]<br/>[[amhránaí]]<br/>[[aisteoir stáitse]]<br/>[[aisteoir scannáin]]<br/>[[ceoltóir]] | data-sort-value="1987" | 1987-05-19 | | [[Baile Monaidh]] | | [[:d:Q387132|Q387132]] | 15 |- | [[Laura Izibor]] | [[Íomhá:Laura Izibor, 2008 (cropped).jpg|center|40px]] | ceoltóir Éireannach | [[ceoltóir]]<br/>[[amhránaí]]<br/>[[pianódóir]]<br/>[[amhránaí is scríbhneoir]]<br/>[[Léiritheoir ceoil|léiritheoir ceirníní]]<br/>[[ealaíontóir taifeadta]]<br/>[[cumadóir]]<br/>[[cumadóir amhrán]] | data-sort-value="1987" | 1987-05-13 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] | | [[:d:Q437622|Q437622]] | 7 |- | [[Jenna O'Hea]] | [[Íomhá:Jenna O'Hea at day three of the Opals camp.jpg|center|40px]] | cispheileadóir Astrálach | [[cispheileadóir]] | data-sort-value="1987" | 1987-06-06 | | [[Melbourne]] | | [[:d:Q622730|Q622730]] | 17 |- | [[Claire Brady]] | | cianreathaí Éireannach | [[iomaitheoir lúthchleasaíochta]] | data-sort-value="1987" | 1987-01-20<br/>1987-01-29 | | [[Cill Dara]] | | [[:d:Q1094778|Q1094778]] | 3 |- | [[Danielle Fox-Clarke]] | | ban-aisteoir Éireannach | [[aisteoir]] | data-sort-value="1987" | 1987-08-22 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] | | [[:d:Q3014994|Q3014994]] | 2 |- | [[Aisling Daly]] | | ealaíontóir comhraic Éireannach | [[ealaíontóir comhraic measctha]] | data-sort-value="1987" | 1987-12-24 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] | | [[:d:Q4699200|Q4699200]] | 6 |- | [[Brenda Hanney]] | | imreoir camógaíochta | | data-sort-value="1987" | 1987 | | | | [[:d:Q4960689|Q4960689]] | 1 |- | [[Tori Pena]] | [[Íomhá:Tori Pena.jpg|center|40px]] | léimneoir cuaille Meiriceánach | [[iomaitheoir lúthchleasaíochta]] | data-sort-value="1987" | 1987-07-30 | | [[Los Alamitos]] | | [[:d:Q7825761|Q7825761]] | 7 |- | [[Nicola Twohig]] | | imreoir sacair | [[imreoir sacair]] | data-sort-value="1987" | 1987-04-28 | | [[Manchain]] | | [[:d:Q10484148|Q10484148]] | 1 |- | [[Roseanne Galligan]] | [[Íomhá:Roseanne Galligan 2013.jpg|center|40px]] | lúthchleasaí Éireannach | [[iomaitheoir lúthchleasaíochta]] | data-sort-value="1987" | 1987-12-09 | | [[Droichead Nua]] | | [[:d:Q16209460|Q16209460]] | 2 |- | [[Nicola Sinnott]] | [[Íomhá:Nicola Sinnott.jpg|center|40px]] | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] imreoir sacair (*1987) ♀ | [[imreoir sacair]] | data-sort-value="1987" | 1987-08-08 | | | | [[:d:Q22280384|Q22280384]] | 2 |- | [[Emma Beckett]] | [[Íomhá:Lewes FC Women 1 Watford Women 2 07 11 2021-526 (51661727617).jpg|center|40px]] | [[Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Thuaisceart Éireann|Briotanach]]-[[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|éireannaigh]] imreoir sacair (*1987) ♀ | [[imreoir sacair]] | data-sort-value="1987" | 1987-05-29 | | [[Northampton]] | | [[:d:Q61827370|Q61827370]] | 4 |- | [[Louise Galvin]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] imreoir rugbaí, cispheileadóir agus fisiteiripeoir (*1987) ♀ | [[imreoir rugbaí]]<br/>[[cispheileadóir]]<br/>[[fisiteiripeoir]] | data-sort-value="1987" | 1987-04-03 | | [[Fionnúig]] | | [[:d:Q78056158|Q78056158]] | 0 |- | [[Elaine O'Dwyer]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] cispheileadóir (*1987) ♀ | [[cispheileadóir]] | data-sort-value="1987" | 1987-10-04 | | | | [[:d:Q135379955|Q135379955]] | 0 |- | [[Emma M. Mullane]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] cispheileadóir (*1987) ♀ | [[cispheileadóir]] | data-sort-value="1987" | 1987-12-09 | | | | [[:d:Q135379956|Q135379956]] | 0 |- | [[Hansey Lucy Sexton]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] cispheileadóir (*1987) ♀ | [[cispheileadóir]] | data-sort-value="1987" | 1987-07-16 | | | | [[:d:Q135381381|Q135381381]] | 0 |- | [[Hannah Mary Coen]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] cispheileadóir (*1987) ♀ | [[cispheileadóir]] | data-sort-value="1987" | 1987-07-24 | | | | [[:d:Q135381385|Q135381385]] | 0 |- | [[Natasha Ryan]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] cispheileadóir (*1987) ♀ | [[cispheileadóir]] | data-sort-value="1987" | 1987-10-27 | | | | [[:d:Q135381842|Q135381842]] | 0 |- | [[Fiona Meany]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] cispheileadóir (*1987) ♀ | [[cispheileadóir]] | data-sort-value="1987" | 1987-11-17 | | | | [[:d:Q135381843|Q135381843]] | 0 |- | [[Kelly Johnston]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] cispheileadóir (*1987) ♀ | [[cispheileadóir]] | data-sort-value="1987" | 1987-09-05 | | | | [[:d:Q135381844|Q135381844]] | 0 |- | [[Kathryn Fahy]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] cispheileadóir (*1987) ♀ | [[cispheileadóir]] | data-sort-value="1987" | 1987-06-17 | | | | [[:d:Q135381845|Q135381845]] | 0 |- | [[Sheena Catherine Egan]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] cispheileadóir (*1987) ♀ | [[cispheileadóir]] | data-sort-value="1987" | 1987-04-13 | | | | [[:d:Q135381846|Q135381846]] | 0 |- | [[Miriam Byrne]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] cispheileadóir (*1987) ♀ | [[cispheileadóir]] | data-sort-value="1987" | 1987-06-05 | | | | [[:d:Q135381847|Q135381847]] | 0 |- | [[Bernice Byrne]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] cispheileadóir (*1987) ♀ | [[cispheileadóir]] | data-sort-value="1987" | 1987-10-18 | | | | [[:d:Q135381848|Q135381848]] | 0 |- | [[Sinéad Mulvey]] | [[Íomhá:Sinéad Mulvay.jpg|center|40px]] | amhránaí Éireannach | [[amhránaí]]<br/>[[aeróstach]] | data-sort-value="1988" | 1988-01-22 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] | | [[:d:Q255095|Q255095]] | 20 |- | [[Chloe Magee]] | [[Íomhá:Chloe Magee Irish Open Mixed Double Champions 2018 (cropped).jpg|center|40px]] | imreoir badmantain | [[imreoir badmantain]]<br/>[[Olympic competitor]] | data-sort-value="1988" | 1988-11-29 | | [[Ráth Bhoth]] | | [[:d:Q468589|Q468589]] | 13 |- | [[Méabh de Búrca]] | [[Íomhá:Meabh De Burca.jpg|center|40px]] | imreoir sacair Éireannach | [[imreoir sacair]] | data-sort-value="1988" | 1988-08-11 | | [[Gaillimh]] | | [[:d:Q509493|Q509493]] | 5 |- | [[Erin Keery]] | | imreoir badmantain | [[imreoir badmantain]] | data-sort-value="1988" | 1988-02-16 | | | | [[:d:Q1354600|Q1354600]] | 2 |- | [[Lynn Styles]] | | ban-aisteoir Éireannach | [[aisteoir]]<br/>[[Mainicín faisin|mainicín]] | data-sort-value="1988" | 1988-12-29 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] | | [[:d:Q2708041|Q2708041]] | 7 |- | [[Ann Dalton]] | | imreoir camógaíochta | [[camogie player]] | data-sort-value="1988" | 1988-06-22 | | [[Cill Chainnigh]] | | [[:d:Q4766351|Q4766351]] | 1 |- | [[Julia Moriarty]] | | imreoir leadóige Éireannach | [[imreoir leadóige]] | data-sort-value="1988" | 1988-12-03 | | [[Adelaide]] | | [[:d:Q6306589|Q6306589]] | 4 |- | [[Melanie Nocher]] | | snámhóir Éireannach | [[snámhóir]] | data-sort-value="1988" | 1988-06-18 | | [[Contae an Dúin]] | | [[:d:Q6811327|Q6811327]] | 5 |- | [[Kelly Proper]] | | lúthchleasaí Éireannach | [[iomaitheoir lúthchleasaíochta]] | data-sort-value="1988" | 1988-05-01 | | | | [[:d:Q11738678|Q11738678]] | 3 |- | [[Claire Tarplee]] | | reathaí meánraoin Éireannach | [[iomaitheoir lúthchleasaíochta]] | data-sort-value="1988" | 1988-09-22 | | | | [[:d:Q15925883|Q15925883]] | 1 |- | [[Amy Kenealy]] | | cruicéadaí | [[cruicéadaí]] | data-sort-value="1988" | 1988-04-06 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] | | [[:d:Q16224552|Q16224552]] | 4 |- | [[Amy Foster]] | | rábálaí Éireannach | [[iomaitheoir lúthchleasaíochta]] | data-sort-value="1988" | 1988-10-02 | | | | [[:d:Q19560506|Q19560506]] | 2 |- | [[Hannah Lowry-O'Reilly]] | | Imreoir fichille (*1988) ♀ | [[imreoir fichille]] | data-sort-value="1988" | 1988-12-19 | | | | [[:d:Q28479756|Q28479756]] | 0 |- | [[Rachel Clancy]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] cispheileadóir (*1988) ♀ | [[cispheileadóir]] | data-sort-value="1988" | 1988-06-23 | | | | [[:d:Q119554958|Q119554958]] | 0 |- | [[Mairead Mcnally]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] cispheileadóir (*1988) ♀ | [[cispheileadóir]] | data-sort-value="1988" | 1988-11-19 | | | | [[:d:Q119554997|Q119554997]] | 0 |- | [[Leah Westbrooks]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] cispheileadóir (*1988) ♀ | [[cispheileadóir]] | data-sort-value="1988" | 1988-10-19 | | | | [[:d:Q119557456|Q119557456]] | 0 |- | [[Sarah Louise McGrath]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] cispheileadóir (*1988) ♀ | [[cispheileadóir]] | data-sort-value="1988" | 1988-10-04 | | | | [[:d:Q135381219|Q135381219]] | 0 |- | [[Chloë Agnew]] | [[Íomhá:Chloë Agnew at Macquarie Shopping Centre, Sydney.jpg|center|40px]] | ceoltóir agus amhránaí Éireannach | [[amhránaí ceoldrámaíochta]] | data-sort-value="1989" | 1989-06-09 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] | | [[:d:Q2228268|Q2228268]] | 17 |- | [[Lisa Kearney]] | [[Íomhá:Lisa Kearney on WIMPS TV.jpg|center|40px]] | cleachtóir júdó Éireannach | [[cleachtóir júdó]] | data-sort-value="1989" | 1989-05-27 | | [[Béal Feirste]] | | [[:d:Q2260724|Q2260724]] | 5 |- | [[Ciara Horne]] | [[Íomhá:2015 UEC Track Elite European Championships 333.JPG|center|40px]] | rothaí | [[rothaí spóirt]] | data-sort-value="1989" | 1989-09-07 | | [[Harrow, Londain|Harrow]] | | [[:d:Q5119121|Q5119121]] | 16 |- | [[Jessie Barr]] | | lúthchleasaí | [[rábálaí]] | data-sort-value="1989" | 1989-07-24 | | [[Port Láirge]] | | [[:d:Q6187612|Q6187612]] | 5 |- | [[Laura Reynolds]] | | lúthchleasaí | [[siúlóir rása]] | data-sort-value="1989" | 1989-01-21<br/>1989-01-20 | | | | [[:d:Q6499354|Q6499354]] | 3 |- | [[Orla Barry]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] iomaitheoir lúthchleasaíochta (*1989) ♀ | [[iomaitheoir lúthchleasaíochta]] | data-sort-value="1989" | 1989-09-21 | | [[Droichead na Scuab]] | | [[:d:Q7102982|Q7102982]] | 2 |- | [[Kate McKenna]] | | cruicéadaí | [[cruicéadaí]] | data-sort-value="1989" | 1989-09-27 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] | | [[:d:Q16224853|Q16224853]] | 3 |- | [[Jenny Murphy]] | | imreoir rugbaí Éireannach | [[imreoir rugbaí]]<br/>[[rugby sevens player]] | data-sort-value="1989" | 1989-05-30 | | | | [[:d:Q18126994|Q18126994]] | 2 |- | [[Michelle Finn]] | [[Íomhá:2019-09-01 ISTAF 2019 2000 m steeplechase (Martin Rulsch) 43 (cropped).jpg|center|40px]] | lúthchleasaí Éireannach | [[iomaitheoir lúthchleasaíochta]] | data-sort-value="1989" | 1989-11-16<br/>1989-12-16 | | | | [[:d:Q20967861|Q20967861]] | 6 |- | [[Sara Louise Treacy]] | | lúthchleasaí Éireannach | [[iomaitheoir lúthchleasaíochta]] | data-sort-value="1989" | 1989-06-22 | | | | [[:d:Q20967862|Q20967862]] | 5 |- | [[Kelly Murphy]] | [[Íomhá:2024 UEC Track Elite European Championships 130.jpg|center|40px]] | rothaí Éireannach | [[rothaí spóirt]]<br/>[[eolaí néarchórais]] | data-sort-value="1989" | 1989-11-03 | | [[Birmingham]] | | [[:d:Q33083846|Q33083846]] | 7 |- | [[Lauren Delany]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] imreoir rugbaí agus cispheileadóir (*1989) ♀ | [[imreoir rugbaí]]<br/>[[cispheileadóir]] | data-sort-value="1989" | 1989-07-17 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] | | [[:d:Q78081373|Q78081373]] | 2 |- | [[Jessica Scannell]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] cispheileadóir (*1989) ♀ | [[cispheileadóir]] | data-sort-value="1989" | 1989-10-26 | | | | [[:d:Q119567488|Q119567488]] | 0 |- | [[Megan Tice]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] lúthchleasaí agus iomaitheoir lúthchleasaíochta (*1989) ♀ | [[lúthchleasaí]]<br/>[[iomaitheoir lúthchleasaíochta]] | data-sort-value="1989" | 1989-12-06 | | | | [[:d:Q120221286|Q120221286]] | 0 |- | [[Lisa McGill]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] cispheileadóir (*1989) ♀ | [[cispheileadóir]] | data-sort-value="1989" | 1989-08-14 | | | | [[:d:Q135380034|Q135380034]] | 0 |- | [[Elaine C. Caffrey]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] cispheileadóir (*1989) ♀ | [[cispheileadóir]] | data-sort-value="1989" | 1989-02-24 | | | | [[:d:Q135380037|Q135380037]] | 0 |- | [[Colleen McInerney]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]]-[[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá|meiriceánach]] cispheileadóir (*1989) ♀ | [[cispheileadóir]] | data-sort-value="1989" | 1989-08-14 | | | | [[:d:Q135382206|Q135382206]] | 0 |- | [[Aine McKenna]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] cispheileadóir (*1989) ♀ | [[cispheileadóir]] | data-sort-value="1989" | 1989-09-23 | | | | [[:d:Q135382207|Q135382207]] | 0 |- | [[Julie Angelina Kavanagh]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] cispheileadóir (*1989) ♀ | [[cispheileadóir]] | data-sort-value="1989" | 1989-04-21 | | | | [[:d:Q135382208|Q135382208]] | 0 |- | [[Susan Elise Doyle]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] cispheileadóir (*1989) ♀ | [[cispheileadóir]] | data-sort-value="1989" | 1989-02-24 | | | | [[:d:Q135382209|Q135382209]] | 0 |- | [[Rozanna Purcell]] | | mainicín Éireannach | [[Mainicín faisin|mainicín]]<br/>[[iomaitheoir i gcomórtas áilleachta]] | data-sort-value="1990" | 1990-09-03 | | [[Cluain Meala]] | | [[:d:Q1046271|Q1046271]] | 6 |- | [[Adrienne Murphy]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] iomaitheoir i gcomórtas áilleachta (*1990) ♀ | [[iomaitheoir i gcomórtas áilleachta]] | data-sort-value="1990" | 1990-10-11 | | [[Cluain Dolcáin]] | | [[:d:Q4685714|Q4685714]] | 4 |- | [[Aisling Cooney]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] snámhóir (*1990) ♀ | [[snámhóir]] | data-sort-value="1990" | 1990-07-27 | | [[Dumhach Thrá]] | | [[:d:Q4699199|Q4699199]] | 3 |- | [[Ruesha Littlejohn]] | [[Íomhá:Ruesha Littlejohn in San Jose.jpg|center|40px]] | imreoir sacair | [[imreoir sacair]] | data-sort-value="1990" | 1990-07-03 | | [[Glaschú]] | | [[:d:Q7377860|Q7377860]] | 11 |- | [[Ciara Everard]] | [[Íomhá:09277 Ciara Everard.jpg|center|40px]] | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] reathaí meánfhaid (*1990) ♀ | [[reathaí meánfhaid]] | data-sort-value="1990" | 1990-07-10 | | | | [[:d:Q9192214|Q9192214]] | 6 |- | [[Claire Lambe]] | | iomróir Éireannach | [[iomróir]] | data-sort-value="1990" | 1990-05-16 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] | | [[:d:Q11690739|Q11690739]] | 5 |- | [[Melissa Scott-Hayward]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] cruicéadaí (*1990) ♀ | [[cruicéadaí]] | data-sort-value="1990" | 1990-08-10 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] | | [[:d:Q16225439|Q16225439]] | 2 |- | [[Robyn Stewart]] | [[Íomhá:2017 UEC Track Elite European Championships 412.jpg|center|40px]] | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] rothaí spóirt (*1990) ♀ | [[rothaí spóirt]] | data-sort-value="1990" | 1990-04-10 | | [[Béal Feirste]] | | [[:d:Q27517186|Q27517186]] | 4 |- | [[Niamh Whelan]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] rábálaí (*1990) ♀ | [[rábálaí]] | data-sort-value="1990" | 1990-07-26 | | | | [[:d:Q39814817|Q39814817]] | 1 |- | [[Fionnuala Ross]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] iomaitheoir lúthchleasaíochta (*1990) ♀ | [[iomaitheoir lúthchleasaíochta]] | data-sort-value="1990" | 1990-11-05 | | | | [[:d:Q69863936|Q69863936]] | 0 |- | [[Orla O'Reilly]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] cispheileadóir (*1990) ♀ | [[cispheileadóir]] | data-sort-value="1990" | 1990-02-28 | | [[Corcaigh]] | | [[:d:Q74239854|Q74239854]] | 1 |- | [[Laura Shaughnessy]] | | Cianreathaí (*1990) ♀ | [[cianreathaí]] | data-sort-value="1990" | 1990-06-19 | | | | [[:d:Q98550189|Q98550189]] | 1 |- | [[Sinead O'Reilly]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] cispheileadóir (*1990) ♀ | [[cispheileadóir]] | data-sort-value="1990" | 1990-02-28 | | | | [[:d:Q119553438|Q119553438]] | 0 |- | [[Alexandra Troy]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] cispheileadóir (*1990) ♀ | [[cispheileadóir]] | data-sort-value="1990" | 1990-03-23 | | | | [[:d:Q119568422|Q119568422]] | 0 |- | [[Claire Rockall]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] cispheileadóir (*1990) ♀ | [[cispheileadóir]] | data-sort-value="1990" | 1990-09-07 | | | | [[:d:Q119568822|Q119568822]] | 0 |- | [[Danielle O'Leary]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] cispheileadóir (*1990) ♀ | [[cispheileadóir]] | data-sort-value="1990" | 1990-02-26 | | | | [[:d:Q135367014|Q135367014]] | 0 |- | [[Rhiannon Bernadette McNulty]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] cispheileadóir (*1990) ♀ | [[cispheileadóir]] | data-sort-value="1990" | 1990-03-16 | | | | [[:d:Q135378320|Q135378320]] | 0 |- | [[Emma Marron]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] cispheileadóir (*1990) ♀ | [[cispheileadóir]] | data-sort-value="1990" | 1990-11-21 | | | | [[:d:Q135378321|Q135378321]] | 0 |- | [[Méabh Malone]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] cispheileadóir (*1990) ♀ | [[cispheileadóir]] | data-sort-value="1990" | 1990-11-01 | | | | [[:d:Q135378322|Q135378322]] | 0 |- | [[Ciara Louise Flaherty]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] cispheileadóir (*1990) ♀ | [[cispheileadóir]] | data-sort-value="1990" | 1990-08-28 | | | | [[:d:Q135378323|Q135378323]] | 0 |- | [[Shelly Behan]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] cispheileadóir (*1990) ♀ | [[cispheileadóir]] | data-sort-value="1990" | 1990-11-27 | | | | [[:d:Q135378324|Q135378324]] | 0 |- | [[Erica C. Walsh]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] cispheileadóir (*1990) ♀ | [[cispheileadóir]] | data-sort-value="1990" | 1990-02-26 | | | | [[:d:Q135380031|Q135380031]] | 0 |- | [[Cathy Kavanagh]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] cispheileadóir (*1990) ♀ | [[cispheileadóir]] | data-sort-value="1990" | 1990-01-16 | | | | [[:d:Q135380035|Q135380035]] | 0 |- | [[Christine O'Gorman]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] cispheileadóir (*1990) ♀ | [[cispheileadóir]] | data-sort-value="1990" | 1990-10-28 | | | | [[:d:Q135381052|Q135381052]] | 0 |- | [[Christina Ann Newton]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] cispheileadóir (*1990) ♀ | [[cispheileadóir]] | data-sort-value="1990" | 1990-02-08 | | | | [[:d:Q135381053|Q135381053]] | 0 |- | [[Michelle Louise Murray]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] cispheileadóir (*1990) ♀ | [[cispheileadóir]] | data-sort-value="1990" | 1990-01-01 | | | | [[:d:Q135381055|Q135381055]] | 0 |- | [[Beth Meany]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] cispheileadóir (*1990) ♀ | [[cispheileadóir]] | data-sort-value="1990" | 1990-02-15 | | | | [[:d:Q135381056|Q135381056]] | 0 |- | [[Eimear Mary Mairtin]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] cispheileadóir (*1990) ♀ | [[cispheileadóir]] | data-sort-value="1990" | 1990-10-03 | | | | [[:d:Q135381058|Q135381058]] | 0 |- | [[Caroline Flynn]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] cispheileadóir (*1990) ♀ | [[cispheileadóir]] | data-sort-value="1990" | 1990-02-25 | | | | [[:d:Q135381059|Q135381059]] | 0 |- | [[Kerrie Marie Dore]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] cispheileadóir (*1990) ♀ | [[cispheileadóir]] | data-sort-value="1990" | 1990-01-14 | | | | [[:d:Q135381060|Q135381060]] | 0 |- | [[Valerie O'Driscoll]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] cispheileadóir (*1990) ♀ | [[cispheileadóir]] | data-sort-value="1990" | 1990-02-15 | | | | [[:d:Q135382205|Q135382205]] | 0 |- | [[Clara Peters]] | [[Íomhá:European 2011 Clara PETERS.jpg|center|40px]] | scátálaí fíorach Éireannach | [[scátálaí fíorach]] | data-sort-value="1991" | 1991-07-19 | | [[Essen]] | | [[:d:Q4360258|Q4360258]] | 5 |- | [[Lynsey McCullough]] | | imreoir leadóige Éireannach | [[imreoir leadóige]] | data-sort-value="1991" | 1991-03-01 | | [[Aontroim (baile)]] | | [[:d:Q6709499|Q6709499]] | 1 |- | [[Emma Flanagan]] | | cruicéadaí | [[cruicéadaí]] | data-sort-value="1991" | 1991-01-07 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] | | [[:d:Q16211337|Q16211337]] | 4 |- | [[Cherelle Khassal]] | [[Íomhá:Cherelle Khassal (23697437213).jpg|center|40px]] | imreoir sacair Éireannach | [[imreoir sacair]] | data-sort-value="1991" | 1991-01-09 | | [[Sasana]] | | [[:d:Q22087349|Q22087349]] | 4 |- | [[Alice Kunek]] | [[Íomhá:Alice Kunek - Perth Lynx.jpg|center|40px]] | cispheileadóir Astrálach (1991-) | [[cispheileadóir]] | data-sort-value="1991" | 1991-01-06 | | [[Box Hill]] | | [[:d:Q24452204|Q24452204]] | 10 |- | [[Laura Boylan]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] cruicéadaí (*1991) ♀ | [[cruicéadaí]] | data-sort-value="1991" | 1991-12-16 | | [[Contae Lú]] | | [[:d:Q29981448|Q29981448]] | 3 |- | [[Sinéad Denny]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] iomaitheoir lúthchleasaíochta (*1991) ♀ | [[iomaitheoir lúthchleasaíochta]] | data-sort-value="1991" | 1991-03-05 | | | | [[:d:Q69863080|Q69863080]] | 0 |- | [[Aoife McDermott]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] imreoir rugbaí agus cispheileadóir (*1991) ♀ | [[imreoir rugbaí]]<br/>[[cispheileadóir]] | data-sort-value="1991" | 1991-01-04 | | [[Sligeach]] | | [[:d:Q78047998|Q78047998]] | 1 |- | [[Hannah Thornton]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] cispheileadóir (*1991) ♀ | [[cispheileadóir]] | data-sort-value="1991" | 1991-07-29 | | | | [[:d:Q119564024|Q119564024]] | 0 |- | [[Aine O'Connor]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] cispheileadóir (*1991) ♀ | [[cispheileadóir]] | data-sort-value="1991" | 1991-11-28 | | | | [[:d:Q135367015|Q135367015]] | 0 |- | [[Fiona O'Dwyer]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]]-[[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá|meiriceánach]] cispheileadóir (*1991) ♀ | [[cispheileadóir]] | data-sort-value="1991" | 1991-06-27 | | | | [[:d:Q135370906|Q135370906]] | 0 |- | [[Emma J. Sherwood]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] cispheileadóir (*1991) ♀ | [[cispheileadóir]] | data-sort-value="1991" | 1991-02-17 | | | | [[:d:Q135379981|Q135379981]] | 0 |- | [[Tracey M. Power]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] cispheileadóir (*1991) ♀ | [[cispheileadóir]] | data-sort-value="1991" | 1991-01-04 | | | | [[:d:Q135379982|Q135379982]] | 0 |- | [[Stephanie O'Shea]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] cispheileadóir (*1991) ♀ | [[cispheileadóir]] | data-sort-value="1991" | 1991-04-25 | | | | [[:d:Q135379983|Q135379983]] | 0 |- | [[Carol A. McCarthy]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] cispheileadóir (*1991) ♀ | [[cispheileadóir]] | data-sort-value="1991" | 1991-11-22 | | | | [[:d:Q135379987|Q135379987]] | 0 |- | [[Sophie Vavasseur]] | | ban-aisteoir Éireannach | [[aisteoir]]<br/>[[aisteoir scannáin]] | data-sort-value="1992" | 1992-05-10 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] | | [[:d:Q2628135|Q2628135]] | 15 |- | [[Aoife Hannon]] | | mainicín Éireannach | [[Mainicín faisin|mainicín]]<br/>[[fisiteiripeoir]] | data-sort-value="1992" | 1992 | | [[Luimneach]] | | [[:d:Q3620544|Q3620544]] | 2 |- | [[Aisling Dunphy]] | | imreoir camógaíochta | | data-sort-value="1992" | 1992 | | [[Cill Chainnigh]] | | [[:d:Q4699203|Q4699203]] | 0 |- | [[Ann Marie Starr]] | | imreoir camógaíochta | | data-sort-value="1992" | 1992 | | | | [[:d:Q4766551|Q4766551]] | 1 |- | [[Sinead Chambers]] | | imreoir badmantain | [[imreoir badmantain]] | data-sort-value="1992" | 1992-02-01 | | [[Béal Feirste]] | | [[:d:Q15712412|Q15712412]] | 4 |- | [[Christine McMahon]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] cliathreathaí agus rábálaí (*1992) ♀ | [[cliathreathaí]]<br/>[[rábálaí]] | data-sort-value="1992" | 1992-07-06 | | [[Béal Feirste]] | | [[:d:Q25939025|Q25939025]] | 2 |- | [[Poornima Menon Jayadev]] | | Imreoir fichille (*1992) ♀ | [[imreoir fichille]] | data-sort-value="1992" | 1992 | | | | [[:d:Q28479758|Q28479758]] | 0 |- | [[Naomi Carroll]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] imreoir sacair, imreoir haca, imreoir peile Gaelaí agus camogie player (*1992) ♀ | [[imreoir sacair]]<br/>[[imreoir haca]]<br/>[[imreoir peile Gaelaí]]<br/>[[camogie player]] | data-sort-value="1992" | 1992-09-13 | | [[Contae an Chláir]] | | [[:d:Q57313561|Q57313561]] | 3 |- | [[Claire Mooney]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] iomaitheoir lúthchleasaíochta (*1992) ♀ | [[iomaitheoir lúthchleasaíochta]] | data-sort-value="1992" | 1992-06-21 | | | | [[:d:Q69812429|Q69812429]] | 0 |- | [[Joan Healy]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] iomaitheoir lúthchleasaíochta (*1992) ♀ | [[iomaitheoir lúthchleasaíochta]] | data-sort-value="1992" | 1992-09-30 | | | | [[:d:Q69814488|Q69814488]] | 1 |- | [[Catherine McManus]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] iomaitheoir lúthchleasaíochta (*1992) ♀ | [[iomaitheoir lúthchleasaíochta]] | data-sort-value="1992" | 1992-05-09 | | | | [[:d:Q69819917|Q69819917]] | 0 |- | [[Casey Grace]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] cispheileadóir (*1992) ♀ | [[cispheileadóir]] | data-sort-value="1992" | 1992-05-14 | | | | [[:d:Q119554596|Q119554596]] | 0 |- | [[Tessa Josephine Solan]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] cispheileadóir (*1992) ♀ | [[cispheileadóir]] | data-sort-value="1992" | 1992-09-19 | | | | [[:d:Q135378015|Q135378015]] | 0 |- | [[Lorraine Scanlon]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] cispheileadóir (*1992) ♀ | [[cispheileadóir]] | data-sort-value="1992" | 1992-11-24 | | | | [[:d:Q135378016|Q135378016]] | 0 |- | [[Nichola Rafferty]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] cispheileadóir (*1992) ♀ | [[cispheileadóir]] | data-sort-value="1992" | 1992-07-04 | | | | [[:d:Q135378017|Q135378017]] | 0 |- | [[Louise Mary O'Connor]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] cispheileadóir (*1992) ♀ | [[cispheileadóir]] | data-sort-value="1992" | 1992-07-24 | | | | [[:d:Q135378019|Q135378019]] | 0 |- | [[Rebecca Teresa Nagle]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] cispheileadóir (*1992) ♀ | [[cispheileadóir]] | data-sort-value="1992" | 1992-07-04 | | | | [[:d:Q135378020|Q135378020]] | 0 |- | [[Kate Mary McDaid]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] cispheileadóir (*1992) ♀ | [[cispheileadóir]] | data-sort-value="1992" | 1992-05-18 | | | | [[:d:Q135378021|Q135378021]] | 0 |- | [[Rebecca F. O'Keeffe]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] cispheileadóir (*1992) ♀ | [[cispheileadóir]] | data-sort-value="1992" | 1992-02-25 | | | | [[:d:Q135379984|Q135379984]] | 0 |- | [[Emily M. O'Callaghan]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] cispheileadóir (*1992) ♀ | [[cispheileadóir]] | data-sort-value="1992" | 1992-02-07 | | | | [[:d:Q135379985|Q135379985]] | 0 |- | [[Katie B. Kilbride]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] cispheileadóir (*1992) ♀ | [[cispheileadóir]] | data-sort-value="1992" | 1992-07-06 | | | | [[:d:Q135379988|Q135379988]] | 0 |- | [[Catriona M. Foley]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] cispheileadóir (*1992) ♀ | [[cispheileadóir]] | data-sort-value="1992" | 1992-08-16 | | | | [[:d:Q135379989|Q135379989]] | 0 |- | [[Sinead Deegan]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] cispheileadóir (*1992) ♀ | [[cispheileadóir]] | data-sort-value="1992" | 1992-05-13 | | | | [[:d:Q135379990|Q135379990]] | 0 |- | [[Eimhear M. Browne]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] cispheileadóir (*1992) ♀ | [[cispheileadóir]] | data-sort-value="1992" | 1992-01-07 | | | | [[:d:Q135379991|Q135379991]] | 0 |- | [[Amy Bowtell]] | | imreoir leadóige | [[imreoir leadóige]] | data-sort-value="1993" | 1993-09-16 | | [[Na Clocha Liatha]] | | [[:d:Q4749116|Q4749116]] | 7 |- | [[Katie Kirk]] | | [[Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Thuaisceart Éireann|Briotanach]] rábálaí (*1993) ♀ | [[rábálaí]] | data-sort-value="1993" | 1993-11-05 | | | | [[:d:Q11737414|Q11737414]] | 1 |- | [[Ciara Grant]] | [[Íomhá:Ciara Grant WUG.jpg|center|40px]] | peileadóir | [[imreoir sacair]]<br/>[[imreoir futsal]] | data-sort-value="1993" | 1993-06-11 | | [[Leitir Ceanainn]] | | [[:d:Q15960851|Q15960851]] | 8 |- | [[Michaela Walsh]] | | dornálaí as Béal Feirste | [[dornálaí]] | data-sort-value="1993" | 1993-06-05 | | [[Béal Feirste]] | | [[:d:Q18218166|Q18218166]] | 7 |- | [[Siobhán Killeen]] | | imreoir sacair Éireannach | [[imreoir sacair]]<br/>[[imreoir peile Gaelaí]]<br/>[[imreoir futsal]] | data-sort-value="1993" | 1993-03-15 | | | | [[:d:Q22278600|Q22278600]] | 1 |- | [[Lois Roche]] | [[Íomhá:Lois Roche Lewes FC Women 2 Charlton Ath Women 0 17 10 2021-82 (cropped).jpg|center|40px]] | imreoir sacair | [[imreoir sacair]] | data-sort-value="1993" | 1993-06-18 | | [[Londain]] | | [[:d:Q24150945|Q24150945]] | 5 |- | [[Clare Cryan]] | [[Íomhá:Clare Cryan Kyiv 2019.jpg|center|40px]] | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] tumadóir iomaíoachta (*1993) ♀ | [[tumadóir iomaíoachta]] | data-sort-value="1993" | 1993-12-03 | | | | [[:d:Q65553526|Q65553526]] | 3 |- | [[Emma Mitchell]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] iomaitheoir lúthchleasaíochta (*1993) ♀ | [[iomaitheoir lúthchleasaíochta]] | data-sort-value="1993" | 1993-09-02 | | | | [[:d:Q69812822|Q69812822]] | 0 |- | [[Mary Mulhare]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] iomaitheoir lúthchleasaíochta (*1993) ♀ | [[iomaitheoir lúthchleasaíochta]] | data-sort-value="1993" | 1993-02-14 | | | | [[:d:Q115739743|Q115739743]] | 1 |- | [[Clodagh Scannell]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] cispheileadóir (*1993) ♀ | [[cispheileadóir]] | data-sort-value="1993" | 1993-03-06 | | | | [[:d:Q119542677|Q119542677]] | 0 |- | [[Éabhnait Deborah Scanlon]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] cispheileadóir (*1993) ♀ | [[cispheileadóir]] | data-sort-value="1993" | 1993-01-08 | | | | [[:d:Q135376728|Q135376728]] | 0 |- | [[Rheanne Marie O'Shea]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] cispheileadóir (*1993) ♀ | [[cispheileadóir]] | data-sort-value="1993" | 1993-05-24 | | | | [[:d:Q135376730|Q135376730]] | 0 |- | [[Ciara Patricia Newell]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] cispheileadóir (*1993) ♀ | [[cispheileadóir]] | data-sort-value="1993" | 1993-06-17 | | | | [[:d:Q135376733|Q135376733]] | 0 |- | [[Lauren Marie Murray]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] cispheileadóir (*1993) ♀ | [[cispheileadóir]] | data-sort-value="1993" | 1993-05-06 | | | | [[:d:Q135376734|Q135376734]] | 0 |- | [[Laoise Maria Murphy]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] cispheileadóir (*1993) ♀ | [[cispheileadóir]] | data-sort-value="1993" | 1993-03-19 | | | | [[:d:Q135376735|Q135376735]] | 0 |- | [[Laura Catriona Moloney]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] cispheileadóir (*1993) ♀ | [[cispheileadóir]] | data-sort-value="1993" | 1993-11-24 | | | | [[:d:Q135376736|Q135376736]] | 0 |- | [[Karen Meany]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] cispheileadóir (*1993) ♀ | [[cispheileadóir]] | data-sort-value="1993" | 1993-08-23 | | | | [[:d:Q135376737|Q135376737]] | 0 |- | [[Méabh Barry]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] cispheileadóir (*1993) ♀ | [[cispheileadóir]] | data-sort-value="1993" | 1993-12-16 | | | | [[:d:Q135376739|Q135376739]] | 0 |- | [[Marrianna Patricia C. Troy]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] cispheileadóir (*1993) ♀ | [[cispheileadóir]] | data-sort-value="1993" | 1993-03-09 | | | | [[:d:Q135378014|Q135378014]] | 0 |- | [[Erika Emma O'Keeffe]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] cispheileadóir (*1993) ♀ | [[cispheileadóir]] | data-sort-value="1993" | 1993-04-06 | | | | [[:d:Q135378018|Q135378018]] | 0 |- | [[Chelsea Jones]] | | ban-aisteoir Éireannach | [[aisteoir]] | data-sort-value="1994" | 1994 | | | | [[:d:Q2377423|Q2377423]] | 0 |- | [[Phoebe Prince]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] scoláire (1994–2010) ♀ | [[scoláire]] | data-sort-value="1994" | 1994-11-24 | data-sort-value="2010" | 2010-01-14 | [[Bedford]] | [[South Hadley]] | [[:d:Q3304893|Q3304893]] | 6 |- | [[Kate Veale]] | | lúthchleasaí Éireannach | [[iomaitheoir lúthchleasaíochta]] | data-sort-value="1994" | 1994-01-05 | | [[Tulach Mhór]] | | [[:d:Q11737264|Q11737264]] | 2 |- | [[Caroline Black]] | | imreoir badmantain | [[imreoir badmantain]] | data-sort-value="1994" | 1994-03-04 | | [[Lios na gCearrbhach]] | | [[:d:Q15971927|Q15971927]] | 5 |- | [[Phil Healy]] | [[Íomhá:Womens 400m (46526965474) (cropped).jpg|center|40px]] | rábálaí Éireannach | [[rábálaí]] | data-sort-value="1994" | 1994-11-19 | | [[Béal Átha Fhínín]] | | [[:d:Q25999744|Q25999744]] | 7 |- | [[Niamh McCarthy]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] lúthchleasaí (*1994) ♀ | [[lúthchleasaí]] | data-sort-value="1994" | 1994-01-04 | | [[Contae Chorcaí]] | | [[:d:Q26905471|Q26905471]] | 2 |- | [[Karina Campbell]] | | Imreoir fichille (*1994) ♀ | [[imreoir fichille]] | data-sort-value="1994" | 1994-05-19 | | | | [[:d:Q28470777|Q28470777]] | 0 |- | [[Victoria Bell]] | | lúthchleasaí Éireannach | [[sciálaí Alpach]] | data-sort-value="1994" | 1994-06-22 | | [[Sutton Coldfield]] | | [[:d:Q48618566|Q48618566]] | 4 |- | [[Alice Sharpe]] | [[Íomhá:2019 UEC Track Elite European Championships 132.jpg|center|40px]] | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] rothaí spóirt (*1994) ♀ | [[rothaí spóirt]] | data-sort-value="1994" | 1994-05-03 | | | | [[:d:Q55361867|Q55361867]] | 9 |- | [[Alli Palisch]] | [[Íomhá:Alli Murphy Lewes FC Women 2 London City 3 14 02 2021-528 (50943521133) (cropped).jpg|center|40px]] | [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá|Meiriceánach]]-[[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|éireannaigh]] imreoir sacair (*1994) ♀ | [[imreoir sacair]] | data-sort-value="1994" | 1994-05-13 | | [[Plano, Texas|Plano]] | | [[:d:Q56285209|Q56285209]] | 4 |- | [[Shona Heaslip]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] iomaitheoir lúthchleasaíochta (*1994) ♀ | [[iomaitheoir lúthchleasaíochta]] | data-sort-value="1994" | 1994-09-18 | | | | [[:d:Q69820877|Q69820877]] | 0 |- | [[Philippa Rogan]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] iomaitheoir lúthchleasaíochta (*1994) ♀ | [[iomaitheoir lúthchleasaíochta]] | data-sort-value="1994" | 1994-02-04 | | | | [[:d:Q69861835|Q69861835]] | 0 |- | [[Leah Lyons]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] imreoir rugbaí (*1994) ♀ | [[imreoir rugbaí]] | data-sort-value="1994" | 1994-11-27 | | [[Corcaigh]] | | [[:d:Q78051289|Q78051289]] | 1 |- | [[Eimear Twomey]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] cispheileadóir (*1994) ♀ | [[cispheileadóir]] | data-sort-value="1994" | 1994-11-05 | | | | [[:d:Q135375110|Q135375110]] | 0 |- | [[Amy Louise Russell]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] cispheileadóir (*1994) ♀ | [[cispheileadóir]] | data-sort-value="1994" | 1994-02-02 | | | | [[:d:Q135375111|Q135375111]] | 0 |- | [[Ciara Milroy]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] cispheileadóir (*1994) ♀ | [[cispheileadóir]] | data-sort-value="1994" | 1994-09-18 | | | | [[:d:Q135375114|Q135375114]] | 0 |- | [[Sorcha Maire McNulty]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] cispheileadóir (*1994) ♀ | [[cispheileadóir]] | data-sort-value="1994" | 1994-09-04 | | | | [[:d:Q135375115|Q135375115]] | 0 |- | [[Leanne McDonnell]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] cispheileadóir (*1994) ♀ | [[cispheileadóir]] | data-sort-value="1994" | 1994-05-29 | | | | [[:d:Q135375116|Q135375116]] | 0 |- | [[Laura Hoffman]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] cispheileadóir (*1994) ♀ | [[cispheileadóir]] | data-sort-value="1994" | 1994-04-29 | | | | [[:d:Q135375118|Q135375118]] | 0 |- | [[Deirdre Ann Geaney]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] cispheileadóir (*1994) ♀ | [[cispheileadóir]] | data-sort-value="1994" | 1994-09-16 | | | | [[:d:Q135375120|Q135375120]] | 0 |- | [[Michelle Clarke]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] cispheileadóir agus cóitseálaí cispheile (*1994) ♀ | [[cispheileadóir]]<br/>[[cóitseálaí cispheile]] | data-sort-value="1994" | 1994-09-03 | | | | [[:d:Q135375123|Q135375123]] | 0 |- | [[Rebecca Barker]] | | [[Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Thuaisceart Éireann|Briotanach]]-[[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|éireannaigh]] cispheileadóir (*1994) ♀ | [[cispheileadóir]] | data-sort-value="1994" | 1994-08-02 | | | | [[:d:Q135375124|Q135375124]] | 0 |- | [[Ailish O'Reilly]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] cispheileadóir (*1994) ♀ | [[cispheileadóir]] | data-sort-value="1994" | 1994-01-01 | | | | [[:d:Q135376732|Q135376732]] | 0 |- | [[Cliona Niamh Máirtín]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] cispheileadóir (*1994) ♀ | [[cispheileadóir]] | data-sort-value="1994" | 1994-06-26 | | | | [[:d:Q135376738|Q135376738]] | 0 |- | [[Sycerika McMahon]] | | snámhóir Éireannach | [[snámhóir]] | data-sort-value="1995" | 1995-04-11 | | [[Contae an Dúin]] | | [[:d:Q3979013|Q3979013]] | 7 |- | [[Carolane Soucisse]] | [[Íomhá:2018 Autumn Classic International - Soucisse & Firus (cropped) - Soucisse.jpg|center|40px]] | damhsóir oighir Ceanadach | [[ice dancer]] | data-sort-value="1995" | 1995-02-10 | | [[Châteauguay]] | | [[:d:Q24860514|Q24860514]] | 5 |- | [[Aoife Mannion]] | [[Íomhá:Aoife Mannion BCLFC 2015 (22147891741) (cropped).jpg|center|40px]] | [[Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Thuaisceart Éireann|Briotanach]]-[[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|éireannaigh]] imreoir sacair (*1995) ♀ | [[imreoir sacair]] | data-sort-value="1995" | 1995-09-24 | | [[Solihull]] | | [[:d:Q25714012|Q25714012]] | 12 |- | [[Ellen Keane]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] snámhóir (*1995) ♀ | [[snámhóir]] | data-sort-value="1995" | 1995-04-06 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] | | [[:d:Q26899011|Q26899011]] | 3 |- | [[Síofra Cléirigh Büttner]] | [[Íomhá:Síofra Cléirigh Büttner 2017.jpg|center|40px]] | reathaí meánraoin Éireannach | [[reathaí meánfhaid]]<br/>[[iomaitheoir lúthchleasaíochta]] | data-sort-value="1995" | 1995-07-21 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] | | [[:d:Q35349110|Q35349110]] | 5 |- | [[Gráinne Walsh]] | | dornálaí Éireannach | [[dornálaí]] | data-sort-value="1995" | 1995-10-13 | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éire]] | | [[:d:Q65091953|Q65091953]] | 4 |- | [[Greta Streimikyte]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] lúthchleasaí parailimpeach (*1995) ♀ | [[lúthchleasaí parailimpeach]] | data-sort-value="1995" | 1995-08-24 | | [[Vilnias]] | | [[:d:Q89343978|Q89343978]] | 3 |- | [[Cliodhna Manning]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] iomaitheoir lúthchleasaíochta (*1995) ♀ | [[iomaitheoir lúthchleasaíochta]] | data-sort-value="1995" | 1995-04-26 | | | | [[:d:Q117007428|Q117007428]] | 1 |- | [[Emily Haggard-Kearney]] | | Iomaitheoir lúthchleasaíochta, reathaí maratóin agus cianreathaí (*1995) ♀ | [[iomaitheoir lúthchleasaíochta]]<br/>[[reathaí maratóin]]<br/>[[cianreathaí]] | data-sort-value="1995" | 1995-11-10 | | | | [[:d:Q126883212|Q126883212]] | 0 |- | [[Amy Waters]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] cispheileadóir (*1995) ♀ | [[cispheileadóir]] | data-sort-value="1995" | 1995-08-13 | | | | [[:d:Q135367016|Q135367016]] | 0 |- | [[Jennifer Sheehan]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] cispheileadóir (*1995) ♀ | [[cispheileadóir]] | data-sort-value="1995" | 1995-06-10 | | | | [[:d:Q135373959|Q135373959]] | 0 |- | [[Jessica Blue O Sullivan]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] cispheileadóir (*1995) ♀ | [[cispheileadóir]] | data-sort-value="1995" | 1995-06-11 | | | | [[:d:Q135373960|Q135373960]] | 0 |- | [[Aedin O Donnell]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] cispheileadóir (*1995) ♀ | [[cispheileadóir]] | data-sort-value="1995" | 1995-04-27 | | | | [[:d:Q135373961|Q135373961]] | 0 |- | [[Lorna McNamee]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] cispheileadóir (*1995) ♀ | [[cispheileadóir]] | data-sort-value="1995" | 1995-02-01 | | | | [[:d:Q135373963|Q135373963]] | 0 |- | [[Orla Keoghegan]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] cispheileadóir (*1995) ♀ | [[cispheileadóir]] | data-sort-value="1995" | 1995-07-21 | | | | [[:d:Q135373964|Q135373964]] | 0 |- | [[Shannon Farrell]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] cispheileadóir (*1995) ♀ | [[cispheileadóir]] | data-sort-value="1995" | 1995-10-09 | | | | [[:d:Q135373965|Q135373965]] | 0 |- | [[Erin Leigh Bracken]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] cispheileadóir (*1995) ♀ | [[cispheileadóir]] | data-sort-value="1995" | 1995-06-30 | | | | [[:d:Q135373966|Q135373966]] | 0 |- | [[Aileen Verona Crowley]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] cispheileadóir (*1995) ♀ | [[cispheileadóir]] | data-sort-value="1995" | 1995-05-04 | | | | [[:d:Q135373968|Q135373968]] | 0 |- | [[Katie Ann Moloney]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] cispheileadóir (*1995) ♀ | [[cispheileadóir]] | data-sort-value="1995" | 1995-01-14 | | | | [[:d:Q135375112|Q135375112]] | 0 |- | [[Samantha Massey]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] cispheileadóir (*1995) ♀ | [[cispheileadóir]] | data-sort-value="1995" | 1995-02-28 | | | | [[:d:Q135375117|Q135375117]] | 0 |- | [[Lauren Kelly Falvey]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] cispheileadóir (*1995) ♀ | [[cispheileadóir]] | data-sort-value="1995" | 1995-03-27 | | | | [[:d:Q135375122|Q135375122]] | 0 |- | [[Emma Bolger]] | | ban-aisteoir Éireannach | [[aisteoir]] | data-sort-value="1996" | 1996-01-05 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] | | [[:d:Q520262|Q520262]] | 11 |- | [[Mary C. Cain]] | | reathaí meánraoin Meiriceánach | [[reathaí meánfhaid]]<br/>[[iomaitheoir lúthchleasaíochta]] | data-sort-value="1996" | 1996-05-03 | | [[Bronxville]] | | [[:d:Q6779145|Q6779145]] | 10 |- | [[Florence Bell]] | | sciálaí Éireannach | [[sciálaí Alpach]] | data-sort-value="1996" | 1996-03-05 | | [[Sutton Coldfield]] | | [[:d:Q15910753|Q15910753]] | 4 |- | [[Alannah Stephenson]] | | imreoir badmantain | [[imreoir badmantain]] | data-sort-value="1996" | 1996-12-04 | | [[Lios na gCearrbhach]] | | [[:d:Q17457943|Q17457943]] | 3 |- | [[Tham Nguyen]] | [[Íomhá:Tham Nguyen at the 2023 World Weightlifting Championships training hall.webp|center|40px]] | Tógálaí meáchain (*1996) ♀ | [[tógálaí meáchain]] | data-sort-value="1996" | 1996-09-15 | | | | [[:d:Q26132016|Q26132016]] | 4 |- | [[Alanna Lally]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] iomaitheoir lúthchleasaíochta (*1996) ♀ | [[iomaitheoir lúthchleasaíochta]] | data-sort-value="1996" | 1996-12-30 | | | | [[:d:Q69860533|Q69860533]] | 1 |- | [[Georgie Hartigan]] | | Iomaitheoir lúthchleasaíochta (*1996) ♀ | [[iomaitheoir lúthchleasaíochta]] | data-sort-value="1996" | 1996-03-01 | | | | [[:d:Q115674773|Q115674773]] | 1 |- | [[Allison McGrath]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] cispheileadóir (*1996) ♀ | [[cispheileadóir]] | data-sort-value="1996" | 1996-10-10 | | | | [[:d:Q119547267|Q119547267]] | 0 |- | [[Edel Thornton]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] cispheileadóir (*1996) ♀ | [[cispheileadóir]] | data-sort-value="1996" | 1996-11-22 | | | | [[:d:Q119560495|Q119560495]] | 0 |- | [[Kelly McGrory]] | | Iomaitheoir lúthchleasaíochta (*1996) ♀ | [[iomaitheoir lúthchleasaíochta]] | data-sort-value="1996" | 1996-12-24 | | | | [[:d:Q121879328|Q121879328]] | 3 |- | [[Róisín Harrison]] | | Iomaitheoir lúthchleasaíochta (*1996) ♀ | [[iomaitheoir lúthchleasaíochta]] | data-sort-value="1996" | 1996-10-10 | | | | [[:d:Q121879839|Q121879839]] | 2 |- | [[Susie Berry]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] marcach (*1996) ♀ | [[marcach]] | data-sort-value="1996" | 1996-01-01 | | | | [[:d:Q130313509|Q130313509]] | 2 |- | [[Megan Connolly]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] cispheileadóir (*1996) ♀ | [[cispheileadóir]] | data-sort-value="1996" | 1996-03-06 | | | | [[:d:Q135366913|Q135366913]] | 0 |- | [[Ciara Mary McCarthy]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] cispheileadóir (*1996) ♀ | [[cispheileadóir]] | data-sort-value="1996" | 1996-09-02 | | | | [[:d:Q135366914|Q135366914]] | 0 |- | [[Caoimhe Rita Moore]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] cispheileadóir (*1996) ♀ | [[cispheileadóir]] | data-sort-value="1996" | 1996-06-23 | | | | [[:d:Q135366915|Q135366915]] | 0 |- | [[Nadine Cheryl Rice]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] cispheileadóir (*1996) ♀ | [[cispheileadóir]] | data-sort-value="1996" | 1996-07-29 | | | | [[:d:Q135366916|Q135366916]] | 0 |- | [[Holli Anna Dunne]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] cispheileadóir (*1996) ♀ | [[cispheileadóir]] | data-sort-value="1996" | 1996-10-02 | | | | [[:d:Q135366917|Q135366917]] | 0 |- | [[Meadhbh Helen Campbell]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] cispheileadóir (*1996) ♀ | [[cispheileadóir]] | data-sort-value="1996" | 1996-04-26 | | | | [[:d:Q135370468|Q135370468]] | 0 |- | [[Ruth Mary Leavey]] | | [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá|Meiriceánach]]-[[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|éireannaigh]] cispheileadóir (*1996) ♀ | [[cispheileadóir]] | data-sort-value="1996" | 1996-12-25 | | | | [[:d:Q135370469|Q135370469]] | 0 |- | [[Aoibheann Ann Byrne]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] cispheileadóir (*1996) ♀ | [[cispheileadóir]] | data-sort-value="1996" | 1996-11-24 | | | | [[:d:Q135370470|Q135370470]] | 0 |- | [[Hannah Eileen McCarthy]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] cispheileadóir (*1996) ♀ | [[cispheileadóir]] | data-sort-value="1996" | 1996-09-02 | | | | [[:d:Q135370471|Q135370471]] | 0 |- | [[Lauren Jane Flynn]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] cispheileadóir (*1996) ♀ | [[cispheileadóir]] | data-sort-value="1996" | 1996-11-12 | | | | [[:d:Q135370472|Q135370472]] | 0 |- | [[Kate Emma O'Flaherty]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] cispheileadóir (*1996) ♀ | [[cispheileadóir]] | data-sort-value="1996" | 1996-02-08 | | | | [[:d:Q135370473|Q135370473]] | 0 |- | [[Aoife Catherine Whelan]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] cispheileadóir (*1996) ♀ | [[cispheileadóir]] | data-sort-value="1996" | 1996-01-04 | | | | [[:d:Q135370474|Q135370474]] | 0 |- | [[Eve Ellen M. O'Mahoney]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] cispheileadóir (*1996) ♀ | [[cispheileadóir]] | data-sort-value="1996" | 1996-03-29 | | | | [[:d:Q135370475|Q135370475]] | 0 |- | [[Lesley Ann Wilkinson]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] cispheileadóir (*1996) ♀ | [[cispheileadóir]] | data-sort-value="1996" | 1996-02-16 | | | | [[:d:Q135370476|Q135370476]] | 0 |- | [[Lisa Teresa Mullins]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] cispheileadóir (*1996) ♀ | [[cispheileadóir]] | data-sort-value="1996" | 1996-09-22 | | | | [[:d:Q135373962|Q135373962]] | 0 |- | [[Aebh Kelly]] | [[Íomhá:AK WikiP.jpg|center|40px]] | soprán Éireannach | [[amhránaí]] | data-sort-value="1997" | 1997-06 | | [[Na Sceirí]] | | [[:d:Q4687014|Q4687014]] | 2 |- | [[Megan Connolly]] | [[Íomhá:Megan Connolly 2015 (cropped).jpg|center|40px]] | imreoir sacair Éireannach | [[imreoir sacair]] | data-sort-value="1997" | 1997-03-07 | | [[Corcaigh]] | | [[:d:Q21708017|Q21708017]] | 12 |- | [[Rachael Darragh]] | | imreoir badmantain | [[imreoir badmantain]]<br/>[[Olympic competitor]] | data-sort-value="1997" | 1997-09-24 | | [[Leitir Ceanainn]] | | [[:d:Q26786740|Q26786740]] | 6 |- | [[Sophie MacMahon]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] cruicéadaí (*1997) ♀ | [[cruicéadaí]] | data-sort-value="1997" | 1997-01-29 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] | | [[:d:Q29947005|Q29947005]] | 8 |- | [[Sara Boyle]] | | imreoir badmantain Éireannach | [[imreoir badmantain]] | data-sort-value="1997" | 1997-08-31 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] | | [[:d:Q30230598|Q30230598]] | 1 |- | [[Amy Broadhurst]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] dornálaí (*1997) ♀ | [[dornálaí]] | data-sort-value="1997" | 1997-03-17 | | [[Dún Dealgan]] | | [[:d:Q60182060|Q60182060]] | 3 |- | [[Aoife O'Rourke]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] dornálaí (*1997) ♀ | [[dornálaí]] | data-sort-value="1997" | 1997-07-02 | | [[An Caisleán Riabhach]] | | [[:d:Q66934867|Q66934867]] | 8 |- | [[Marissa Sheva]] | [[Íomhá:Marissa Sheva.jpg|center|40px]] | [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá|Meiriceánach]]-[[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|éireannaigh]] imreoir sacair agus iomaitheoir lúthchleasaíochta (*1997) ♀ | [[imreoir sacair]]<br/>[[iomaitheoir lúthchleasaíochta]] | data-sort-value="1997" | 1997-04-22 | | [[Sellersville]] | | [[:d:Q98093517|Q98093517]] | 8 |- | [[Elsa Desmond]] | [[Íomhá:2018-11-21 Rennrodel-Weltcup Innsbruck-Igls StP 5311 LR10 by Stepro.jpg|center|40px]] | [[Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Thuaisceart Éireann|Briotanach]]-[[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|éireannaigh]] luger agus medical student (*1997) ♀ | [[luger]]<br/>[[medical student]] | data-sort-value="1997" | 1997-08-06 | | [[Buckingham]] | | [[:d:Q103259948|Q103259948]] | 5 |- | [[Roisin Flanagan]] | | Iomaitheoir lúthchleasaíochta (*1997) ♀ | [[iomaitheoir lúthchleasaíochta]] | data-sort-value="1997" | 1997-05-02 | | | | [[:d:Q115739741|Q115739741]] | 2 |- | [[Bridget Herlihy]] | | [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá|Meiriceánach]]-[[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|éireannaigh]] cispheileadóir (*1997) ♀ | [[cispheileadóir]] | data-sort-value="1997" | 1997-01-31 | | | | [[:d:Q119539970|Q119539970]] | 0 |- | [[Maura Fitzpatrick]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]]-[[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá|meiriceánach]] cispheileadóir (*1997) ♀ | [[cispheileadóir]] | data-sort-value="1997" | 1997-02-27 | | | | [[:d:Q119541214|Q119541214]] | 0 |- | [[Anna Kelly]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]]-[[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá|meiriceánach]] cispheileadóir (*1997) ♀ | [[cispheileadóir]] | data-sort-value="1997" | 1997-06-18 | | | | [[:d:Q119551659|Q119551659]] | 0 |- | [[Aoife Anne O'Halloran]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] cispheileadóir (*1997) ♀ | [[cispheileadóir]] | data-sort-value="1997" | 1997-07-05 | | | | [[:d:Q135365106|Q135365106]] | 0 |- | [[Princess Elizabeth Adeogun]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] cispheileadóir (*1997) ♀ | [[cispheileadóir]] | data-sort-value="1997" | 1997-04-10 | | | | [[:d:Q135367093|Q135367093]] | 0 |- | [[Tia Kelly]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] cispheileadóir (*1997) ♀ | [[cispheileadóir]] | data-sort-value="1997" | 1997-12-02 | | | | [[:d:Q135368530|Q135368530]] | 0 |- | [[Hayley Nicole Lenihan]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] cispheileadóir (*1997) ♀ | [[cispheileadóir]] | data-sort-value="1997" | 1997-12-19 | | | | [[:d:Q135368531|Q135368531]] | 0 |- | [[Julie Milroy]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] cispheileadóir (*1997) ♀ | [[cispheileadóir]] | data-sort-value="1997" | 1997-07-10 | | | | [[:d:Q135368532|Q135368532]] | 0 |- | [[Liadan Tobin-Schnittger]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] cispheileadóir (*1997) ♀ | [[cispheileadóir]] | data-sort-value="1997" | 1997-01-10 | | | | [[:d:Q135371775|Q135371775]] | 0 |- | [[Courtney Anne Ryan]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] cispheileadóir (*1997) ♀ | [[cispheileadóir]] | data-sort-value="1997" | 1997-06-16 | | | | [[:d:Q135371776|Q135371776]] | 0 |- | [[Aoife Mary Tiernan]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] cispheileadóir (*1997) ♀ | [[cispheileadóir]] | data-sort-value="1997" | 1997-05-30 | | | | [[:d:Q135371777|Q135371777]] | 0 |- | [[Sarah Marie Phelan]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] cispheileadóir (*1997) ♀ | [[cispheileadóir]] | data-sort-value="1997" | 1997-10-02 | | | | [[:d:Q135371778|Q135371778]] | 0 |- | [[Aislinn Finola O'Connell]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] cispheileadóir (*1997) ♀ | [[cispheileadóir]] | data-sort-value="1997" | 1997-10-24 | | | | [[:d:Q135371779|Q135371779]] | 0 |- | [[Aisling Catriona McCann]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] cispheileadóir (*1997) ♀ | [[cispheileadóir]] | data-sort-value="1997" | 1997-02-01 | | | | [[:d:Q135371780|Q135371780]] | 0 |- | [[Sarah Kenny]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] cispheileadóir (*1997) ♀ | [[cispheileadóir]] | data-sort-value="1997" | 1997-01-24 | | | | [[:d:Q135371781|Q135371781]] | 0 |- | [[Hollie Herlihy]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] cispheileadóir (*1997) ♀ | [[cispheileadóir]] | data-sort-value="1997" | 1997-12-30 | | | | [[:d:Q135371782|Q135371782]] | 0 |- | [[Shannen Sandra Holbrook]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] cispheileadóir (*1997) ♀ | [[cispheileadóir]] | data-sort-value="1997" | 1997-02-24 | | | | [[:d:Q135371783|Q135371783]] | 0 |- | [[Olivia Margaret Dupuy]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] cispheileadóir (*1997) ♀ | [[cispheileadóir]] | data-sort-value="1997" | 1997-03-27 | | | | [[:d:Q135371784|Q135371784]] | 0 |- | [[Kelly Sarah Diggin]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] cispheileadóir (*1997) ♀ | [[cispheileadóir]] | data-sort-value="1997" | 1997-03-05 | | | | [[:d:Q135371785|Q135371785]] | 0 |- | [[Caoimhe Ann Blennerhassett]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] cispheileadóir (*1997) ♀ | [[cispheileadóir]] | data-sort-value="1997" | 1997-12-15 | | | | [[:d:Q135371786|Q135371786]] | 0 |- | [[Ellis O'Reilly]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]]-[[Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Thuaisceart Éireann|briotanach]] gleacaí ealaíonta (*1998) ♀ | [[gleacaí ealaíonta]] | data-sort-value="1998" | 1998-02-23 | | [[Kent]] | | [[:d:Q23887651|Q23887651]] | 3 |- | [[Michaela Walsh]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] iomaitheoir lúthchleasaíochta (*1998) ♀ | [[iomaitheoir lúthchleasaíochta]] | data-sort-value="1998" | 1998-12-17 | | | | [[:d:Q51098390|Q51098390]] | 2 |- | [[Anna Kerrison]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] cruicéadaí (*1998) ♀ | [[cruicéadaí]] | data-sort-value="1998" | 1998-09-10 | | [[Sasana]] | | [[:d:Q64148448|Q64148448]] | 3 |- | [[Elizabeth Morland]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] iomaitheoir lúthchleasaíochta (*1998) ♀ | [[iomaitheoir lúthchleasaíochta]] | data-sort-value="1998" | 1998-03-03 | | | | [[:d:Q69815287|Q69815287]] | 0 |- | [[Mia Griffin]] | [[Íomhá:2019 UEC Track Elite European Championships 135.jpg|center|40px]] | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] rothaí spóirt (*1998) ♀ | [[rothaí spóirt]] | data-sort-value="1998" | 1998-12-30 | | [[An Gleann Mór]] | | [[:d:Q86458131|Q86458131]] | 8 |- | [[Nadia Power]] | | Iomaitheoir lúthchleasaíochta (*1998) ♀ | [[iomaitheoir lúthchleasaíochta]] | data-sort-value="1998" | 1998-01-11 | | | | [[:d:Q92433328|Q92433328]] | 4 |- | [[Eleanor Ryan-Doyle]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] imreoir sacair (*1998) ♀ | [[imreoir sacair]] | data-sort-value="1998" | 1998-05-14 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] | | [[:d:Q97654611|Q97654611]] | 1 |- | [[Anna Maguire]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] cispheileadóir (*1998) ♀ | [[cispheileadóir]] | data-sort-value="1998" | 1998-01-21 | | | | [[:d:Q119543104|Q119543104]] | 0 |- | [[Saoirse Power-Cassidy]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] cispheileadóir (*1998) ♀ | [[cispheileadóir]] | data-sort-value="1998" | 1998-06-30 | | | | [[:d:Q119553574|Q119553574]] | 0 |- | [[Fiona Everard]] | | Cianreathaí (*1998) ♀ | [[cianreathaí]] | data-sort-value="1998" | 1998 | | | | [[:d:Q123502237|Q123502237]] | 2 |- | [[Jennifer Lehane]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] dornálaí (*1998) ♀ | [[dornálaí]] | data-sort-value="1998" | 1998-08-19 | | | | [[:d:Q126487392|Q126487392]] | 2 |- | [[Kathy Baker]] | | Imreoir rugbaí (*1998) ♀ | [[imreoir rugbaí]] | data-sort-value="1998" | 1998-01-23 | | | | [[:d:Q128765068|Q128765068]] | 3 |- | [[Alison Jane Cleary]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] cispheileadóir (*1998) ♀ | [[cispheileadóir]] | data-sort-value="1998" | 1998-01-13 | | | | [[:d:Q135365098|Q135365098]] | 0 |- | [[Laura Anne Fortune]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] cispheileadóir (*1998) ♀ | [[cispheileadóir]] | data-sort-value="1998" | 1998-04-23 | | | | [[:d:Q135365099|Q135365099]] | 0 |- | [[Katie Joanna Whelan]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] cispheileadóir (*1998) ♀ | [[cispheileadóir]] | data-sort-value="1998" | 1998-09-02 | | | | [[:d:Q135365102|Q135365102]] | 0 |- | [[Ciara Catherine Wheeler]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] cispheileadóir (*1998) ♀ | [[cispheileadóir]] | data-sort-value="1998" | 1998-04-19 | | | | [[:d:Q135365103|Q135365103]] | 0 |- | [[Chloe Gina Mullins]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] cispheileadóir (*1998) ♀ | [[cispheileadóir]] | data-sort-value="1998" | 1998-12-21 | | | | [[:d:Q135365105|Q135365105]] | 0 |- | [[Anna Marie Brennan]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] cispheileadóir (*1998) ♀ | [[cispheileadóir]] | data-sort-value="1998" | 1998-02-06 | | | | [[:d:Q135365107|Q135365107]] | 0 |- | [[Aleksandra Joanna Macheta]] | | [[An Pholainn|Polannach]]-[[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|éireannaigh]] cispheileadóir (*1998) ♀ | [[cispheileadóir]] | data-sort-value="1998" | 1998-03-13 | | | | [[:d:Q135366449|Q135366449]] | 0 |- | [[Verity Jade Gunn O'Connor]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] cispheileadóir (*1998) ♀ | [[cispheileadóir]] | data-sort-value="1998" | 1998-09-07 | | | | [[:d:Q135370232|Q135370232]] | 0 |- | [[Rachel Alexandra Leavy]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] cispheileadóir (*1998) ♀ | [[cispheileadóir]] | data-sort-value="1998" | 1998-03-13 | | | | [[:d:Q135370235|Q135370235]] | 0 |- | [[Olivia Ann Reid]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] cispheileadóir (*1998) ♀ | [[cispheileadóir]] | data-sort-value="1998" | 1998-03-27 | | | | [[:d:Q135370236|Q135370236]] | 0 |- | [[Jenny Rachael Morrison]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] cispheileadóir (*1998) ♀ | [[cispheileadóir]] | data-sort-value="1998" | 1998-11-12 | | | | [[:d:Q135370238|Q135370238]] | 0 |- | [[Annie Fanning]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] cispheileadóir (*1998) ♀ | [[cispheileadóir]] | data-sort-value="1998" | 1998-10-16 | | | | [[:d:Q135370239|Q135370239]] | 0 |- | [[Billie Jean Byrne]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] cispheileadóir (*1998) ♀ | [[cispheileadóir]] | data-sort-value="1998" | 1998-10-23 | | | | [[:d:Q135370241|Q135370241]] | 0 |- | [[Catherine Maria Connaire]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] cispheileadóir (*1998) ♀ | [[cispheileadóir]] | data-sort-value="1998" | 1998-12-30 | | | | [[:d:Q135370242|Q135370242]] | 0 |- | [[Áine McDonagh]] | | [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá|Meiriceánach]]-[[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|éireannaigh]] cispheileadóir agus imreoir peile Astrálaí (*1998) ♀ | [[cispheileadóir]]<br/>[[imreoir peile Astrálaí]] | data-sort-value="1998" | 1998-08-28 | | | | [[:d:Q135370247|Q135370247]] | 1 |- | [[Elizabeth Mary McGonnell]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] cispheileadóir (*1998) ♀ | [[cispheileadóir]] | data-sort-value="1998" | 1998-02-12 | | | | [[:d:Q135370249|Q135370249]] | 0 |- | [[Aoife Maguire]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] cispheileadóir (*1998) ♀ | [[cispheileadóir]] | data-sort-value="1998" | 1998-03-10 | | | | [[:d:Q135370251|Q135370251]] | 0 |- | [[Aisling Kindle]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] cispheileadóir (*1998) ♀ | [[cispheileadóir]] | data-sort-value="1998" | 1998-01-09 | | | | [[:d:Q135370252|Q135370252]] | 0 |- | [[Aoife Beggs]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] cruicéadaí (*1999) ♀ | [[cruicéadaí]] | data-sort-value="1999" | 1999-10-23 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] | | [[:d:Q29841599|Q29841599]] | 5 |- | [[Gina Akpe-Moses]] | [[Íomhá:Gina Akpe-Moses at the 2018 European Athletics Championships.jpg|center|40px]] | rábálaí Éireannach | [[iomaitheoir lúthchleasaíochta]] | data-sort-value="1999" | 1999-02-25 | | [[Lagos]] | | [[:d:Q33133524|Q33133524]] | 7 |- | [[Ciara Neville]] | [[Íomhá:Ciara Neville 2016.jpg|center|40px]] | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] rábálaí (*1999) ♀ | [[rábálaí]] | data-sort-value="1999" | 1999-10-14 | | [[Luimneach]] | | [[:d:Q50295760|Q50295760]] | 4 |- | [[Molly Scott]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] lúthchleasaí agus iomaitheoir lúthchleasaíochta (*1999) ♀ | [[lúthchleasaí]]<br/>[[iomaitheoir lúthchleasaíochta]] | data-sort-value="1999" | 1999-03-30 | | [[Ceatharlach]] | | [[:d:Q55587528|Q55587528]] | 2 |- | [[Niamh Fogarty]] | | Iomaitheoir lúthchleasaíochta (*1999) ♀ | [[iomaitheoir lúthchleasaíochta]] | data-sort-value="1999" | 1999-05-16 | | | | [[:d:Q94578252|Q94578252]] | 2 |- | [[Sarah Leahy]] | | Iomaitheoir lúthchleasaíochta (*1999) ♀ | [[iomaitheoir lúthchleasaíochta]] | data-sort-value="1999" | 1999-08-01 | | | | [[:d:Q113864305|Q113864305]] | 2 |- | [[Claire Melia]] | [[Íomhá:Baxi Ferrol - LDLC ASVEL Féminin 59.jpg|center|40px]] | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] cispheileadóir (*1999) ♀ | [[cispheileadóir]] | data-sort-value="1999" | 1999-07-12 | | [[Mainistir Eimhín]] | | [[:d:Q119564054|Q119564054]] | 0 |- | [[Erin Riordan]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] snámhóir (*1999) ♀ | [[snámhóir]] | data-sort-value="1999" | 1999-09-02 | | | | [[:d:Q128803241|Q128803241]] | 2 |- | [[Rachel Huijsdens]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] cispheileadóir (*1999) ♀ | [[cispheileadóir]] | data-sort-value="1999" | 1999-06-23 | | | | [[:d:Q135367962|Q135367962]] | 0 |- | [[Maggie Byrne]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]]-[[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá|meiriceánach]] cispheileadóir (*1999) ♀ | [[cispheileadóir]] | data-sort-value="1999" | 1999-08-10 | | | | [[:d:Q135367963|Q135367963]] | 0 |- | [[Mae-Therese Creane]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] cispheileadóir (*1999) ♀ | [[cispheileadóir]] | data-sort-value="1999" | 1999-01-29 | | | | [[:d:Q135367964|Q135367964]] | 0 |- | [[Sorcha Tiernan]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] cispheileadóir (*1999) ♀ | [[cispheileadóir]] | data-sort-value="1999" | 1999-09-18 | | | | [[:d:Q135367966|Q135367966]] | 0 |- | [[Amy Dooley]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] cispheileadóir (*1999) ♀ | [[cispheileadóir]] | data-sort-value="1999" | 1999-06-09 | | | | [[:d:Q135367967|Q135367967]] | 0 |- | [[Louise Scannell]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] cispheileadóir (*1999) ♀ | [[cispheileadóir]] | data-sort-value="1999" | 1999-09-10 | | | | [[:d:Q135367968|Q135367968]] | 0 |- | [[Amy Murphy]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] cispheileadóir (*1999) ♀ | [[cispheileadóir]] | data-sort-value="1999" | 1999-04-03 | | | | [[:d:Q135367970|Q135367970]] | 0 |- | [[Anne Condon]] | | [[Ceanada|Ceanadach]]-[[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|éireannaigh]] eolaí ríomhaireachta agus múinteoir ollscoile (*2000) ♀; Comhalta de chuid an ACM, Tulip Award in DNA Computing, Anita Borg Institute Women of Vision Awards agus Comhalta de Chumann Ríoga Cheanada; member of Cumann Ríoga Cheanada agus Association for Computing Machinery | [[eolaí ríomhaireachta]]<br/>[[múinteoir ollscoile]] | data-sort-value="2000" | 20th century | | | | [[:d:Q11489|Q11489]] | 3 |- | [[Tina Reynolds]] | | amhránaí Éireannach | [[amhránaí]] | data-sort-value="2000" | 20th century | | [[Na Clocha Liatha]] | | [[:d:Q514752|Q514752]] | 9 |- | [[Bernadette Ní Ghallchóir]] | [[Íomhá:Bernadette Ní Ghallchóir PBS 1971.jpg|center|40px]] | láithreoir teilifíse Éireannach | [[láithreoir]] | data-sort-value="2000" | 20th century | | [[Muineachán]] | | [[:d:Q822164|Q822164]] | 6 |- | [[Eibhlin Byrne]] | | méara Éireannach | [[polaiteoir]] | data-sort-value="2000" | 20th century | | | | [[:d:Q1301175|Q1301175]] | 3 |- | [[Sophie Merry]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] [[Stiúrthóir scannán|stiúrthóir scannán]], [[Mainicín faisin|mainicín]], beochantóir, [[Aisteoir|aisteoir]] agus damhsóir (*2000) ♀ | [[stiúrthóir scannán]]<br/>[[Mainicín faisin|mainicín]]<br/>[[beochantóir]]<br/>[[aisteoir]]<br/>[[damhsóir]] | data-sort-value="2000" | 20th century | | | | [[:d:Q1348496|Q1348496]] | 3 |- | [[Janet Grogan]] | [[Íomhá:Janet Grogan (cropped).jpg|center|40px]] | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] [[Amhránaí is scríbhneoir|amhránaí is scríbhneoir]], [[Cumadóir amhrán|cumadóir amhrán]] agus [[Amhránaí|amhránaí]] (fl. 2009–) (*2000) ♀ | [[amhránaí is scríbhneoir]]<br/>[[cumadóir amhrán]]<br/>[[amhránaí]] | data-sort-value="2000" | 20th century | | | | [[:d:Q1424238|Q1424238]] | 4 |- | [[Maria Corrigan]] | | polaiteoir Éireannach | [[polaiteoir]] | data-sort-value="2000" | 20th century | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éire]] | | [[:d:Q1669568|Q1669568]] | 3 |- | [[Lisa Lambe]] | [[Íomhá:Lisa Lambe.jpg|center|40px]] | amhránaí Éireannach | [[amhránaí]] | data-sort-value="2000" | 20th century | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] | | [[:d:Q1704246|Q1704246]] | 13 |- | [[Terry O'Flaherty]] | | méara Éireannach | [[polaiteoir]] | data-sort-value="2000" | 20th century | | | | [[:d:Q1720409|Q1720409]] | 2 |- | [[Lise Hearns]] | | ban-aisteoir Éireannach | [[aisteoir]] | data-sort-value="2000" | 20th century | | | | [[:d:Q1827914|Q1827914]] | 1 |- | [[Liz Weir]] | | údar Éireannach | [[scríbhneoir]] | data-sort-value="2000" | 20th century | | [[Béal Feirste]] | | [[:d:Q1866600|Q1866600]] | 4 |- | [[Méav Ní Mhaolchatha]] | | amhránaí Éireannach | [[amhránaí ceoldrámaíochta]] | data-sort-value="2000" | 20th century | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] | | [[:d:Q3268425|Q3268425]] | 8 |- | [[Rebecca Stokell]] | | cruicéadaí Éireannach | [[cruicéadaí]] | data-sort-value="2000" | 2000-03-13 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] | | [[:d:Q29891153|Q29891153]] | 6 |- | [[Mona McSharry]] | [[Íomhá:Mona McSharry (IRL) 2018.jpg|center|40px]] | snámhóir Éireannach | [[snámhóir]] | data-sort-value="2000" | 2000-08-21 | | [[An Ghráinseach, Contae Shligigh|An Ghráinseach]] | | [[:d:Q33319799|Q33319799]] | 19 |- | [[Cara Murray]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] cruicéadaí (*2000) ♀ | [[cruicéadaí]] | data-sort-value="2000" | 2000-11-01 | | [[Béal Feirste]] | | [[:d:Q54861582|Q54861582]] | 6 |- | [[Sommer Lecky]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] iomaitheoir lúthchleasaíochta (*2000) ♀ | [[iomaitheoir lúthchleasaíochta]] | data-sort-value="2000" | 2000-06-14 | | | | [[:d:Q69813606|Q69813606]] | 2 |- | [[Davicia Patterson]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] iomaitheoir lúthchleasaíochta (*2000) ♀ | [[iomaitheoir lúthchleasaíochta]] | data-sort-value="2000" | 2000-12-15 | | | | [[:d:Q69820489|Q69820489]] | 0 |- | [[Lauren Roy]] | | Iomaitheoir lúthchleasaíochta (*2000) ♀ | [[iomaitheoir lúthchleasaíochta]] | data-sort-value="2000" | 2000-09-25 | | | | [[:d:Q113864274|Q113864274]] | 2 |- | [[Bronagh Power-Cassidy]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] cispheileadóir (*2000) ♀ | [[cispheileadóir]] | data-sort-value="2000" | 2000-09-15 | | | | [[:d:Q119543792|Q119543792]] | 0 |- | [[Enya Maguire]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] cispheileadóir (*2000) ♀ | [[cispheileadóir]] | data-sort-value="2000" | 2000-08-31 | | | | [[:d:Q119550072|Q119550072]] | 0 |- | [[Eibhia Ni Mhuireagain]] | | Imreoir fichille (*2000) ♀ | [[imreoir fichille]] | data-sort-value="2000" | 2000 | | | | [[:d:Q124424504|Q124424504]] | 0 |- | [[Lauren Cadden]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] lúthchleasaí agus iomaitheoir lúthchleasaíochta (*2000) ♀ | [[lúthchleasaí]]<br/>[[iomaitheoir lúthchleasaíochta]] | data-sort-value="2000" | 2000-06-07 | | | | [[:d:Q126173619|Q126173619]] | 2 |- | [[Jodie McCann]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] iomaitheoir lúthchleasaíochta (*2000) ♀ | [[iomaitheoir lúthchleasaíochta]] | data-sort-value="2000" | 2000-02-03 | | | | [[:d:Q126685911|Q126685911]] | 4 |- | [[Lynn Tunnah]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] cispheileadóir (*2000) ♀ | [[cispheileadóir]] | data-sort-value="2000" | 2000-06-14 | | | | [[:d:Q135363157|Q135363157]] | 0 |- | [[Annaliese Murphy]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] cispheileadóir (*2000) ♀ | [[cispheileadóir]] | data-sort-value="2000" | 2000-02-08 | | | | [[:d:Q135366286|Q135366286]] | 0 |- | [[Maeve Aine O'Seaghdha]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] cispheileadóir (*2000) ♀ | [[cispheileadóir]] | data-sort-value="2000" | 2000-07-26 | | | | [[:d:Q135366287|Q135366287]] | 0 |- | [[Alison Blaney]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] cispheileadóir (*2000) ♀ | [[cispheileadóir]] | data-sort-value="2000" | 2000-04-22 | | | | [[:d:Q135366288|Q135366288]] | 0 |- | [[Ella McCloskey]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] cispheileadóir (*2000) ♀ | [[cispheileadóir]] | data-sort-value="2000" | 2000-07-20 | | | | [[:d:Q135366289|Q135366289]] | 0 |- | [[Maeve Patricia Cannon]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] cispheileadóir (*2000) ♀ | [[cispheileadóir]] | data-sort-value="2000" | 2000-03-15 | | | | [[:d:Q135366291|Q135366291]] | 0 |- | [[Nicole Patrice Clancy]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] cispheileadóir (*2000) ♀ | [[cispheileadóir]] | data-sort-value="2000" | 2000-06-13 | | | | [[:d:Q135366294|Q135366294]] | 0 |- | [[Niamh Christine Masterson]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] cispheileadóir (*2000) ♀ | [[cispheileadóir]] | data-sort-value="2000" | 2000-02-26 | | | | [[:d:Q135367965|Q135367965]] | 0 |- | [[Maeve Phelan]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] cispheileadóir (*2000) ♀ | [[cispheileadóir]] | data-sort-value="2000" | 2000-05-05 | | | | [[:d:Q135367969|Q135367969]] | 0 |- | [[Dayna Finn]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] cispheileadóir agus imreoir peile Astrálaí (*2000) ♀ | [[cispheileadóir]]<br/>[[imreoir peile Astrálaí]] | data-sort-value="2000" | 2000-02-09 | | | | [[:d:Q135367973|Q135367973]] | 1 |- | [[Tyler Toland]] | | imreoir sacair | [[imreoir sacair]] | data-sort-value="2001" | 2001-08-08 | | [[Baile Suingean]] | | [[:d:Q42666544|Q42666544]] | 6 |- | [[Lara Gillespie]] | [[Íomhá:2019 UCI Juniors Track World Championships 007.jpg|center|40px]] | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] rothaí spóirt (*2001) ♀ | [[rothaí spóirt]] | data-sort-value="2001" | 2001-04-21 | | [[Cill Mhantáin]] | | [[:d:Q52153640|Q52153640]] | 12 |- | [[Sophie O'Sullivan]] | [[Íomhá:Sophie O'Sullivan.jpg|center|40px]] | lúthchleasaí Éireannach | [[iomaitheoir lúthchleasaíochta]] | data-sort-value="2001" | 2001-12-23 | | | | [[:d:Q55425594|Q55425594]] | 5 |- | [[Alex Chan-Taylor]] | | imreoir badmantain | [[imreoir badmantain]] | data-sort-value="2001" | 2001-02-21 | | | | [[:d:Q55739862|Q55739862]] | 0 |- | [[Tanya Watson]] | [[Íomhá:2018-10-13 Jump 3 (Diving Girls 10m platform) at 2018 Summer Youth Olympics by Sandro Halank–039.jpg|center|40px]] | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] tumadóir iomaíoachta (*2001) ♀ | [[tumadóir iomaíoachta]] | data-sort-value="2001" | 2001-12-24 | | [[Southampton]] | | [[:d:Q65675690|Q65675690]] | 5 |- | [[Niamh Coyne]] | [[Íomhá:2018-10-10 Swimming Girls' 100m Breaststroke Final at 2018 Summer Youth Olympics by Sandro Halank–034.jpg|center|40px]] | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] snámhóir (*2001) ♀ | [[snámhóir]] | data-sort-value="2001" | 2001-06-22 | | | | [[:d:Q65952719|Q65952719]] | 4 |- | [[Ciara Bracken]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] cispheileadóir (*2001) ♀ | [[cispheileadóir]] | data-sort-value="2001" | 2001-04-20 | | | | [[:d:Q119554443|Q119554443]] | 0 |- | [[Deborah Ogayemi]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] cispheileadóir (*2001) ♀ | [[cispheileadóir]] | data-sort-value="2001" | 2001-10-12 | | | | [[:d:Q119561035|Q119561035]] | 0 |- | [[Daina Moorehouse]] | [[Íomhá:2025 World Boxing Championships 20250906 102037 Daina Moorehouse (IRL).jpg|center|40px]] | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] dornálaí (*2001) ♀ | [[dornálaí]] | data-sort-value="2001" | 2001-09-16 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] | | [[:d:Q126709567|Q126709567]] | 3 |- | [[Rachel McCann]] | | Rábálaí (*2001) ♀ | [[rábálaí]] | data-sort-value="2001" | 2001-09-26 | | | | [[:d:Q127785359|Q127785359]] | 2 |- | [[Ciara McGing]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] snámhóir (*2001) ♀ | [[snámhóir]] | data-sort-value="2001" | 2001-03-03 | | | | [[:d:Q128693679|Q128693679]] | 2 |- | [[Victoria Catterson]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] snámhóir (*2001) ♀ | [[snámhóir]] | data-sort-value="2001" | 2001-03-25 | | | | [[:d:Q128803156|Q128803156]] | 2 |- | [[Erin Healy]] | | [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá|Meiriceánach]]-[[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|éireannaigh]] imreoir sacair (*2001) ♀ | [[imreoir sacair]] | data-sort-value="2001" | 2001-04-05 | | | | [[:d:Q135106443|Q135106443]] | 2 |- | [[Ciara Tolan]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] cispheileadóir (*2001) ♀ | [[cispheileadóir]] | data-sort-value="2001" | 2001-11-30 | | | | [[:d:Q135360972|Q135360972]] | 0 |- | [[Eve Nealon]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] cispheileadóir (*2001) ♀ | [[cispheileadóir]] | data-sort-value="2001" | 2001-06-25 | | | | [[:d:Q135363158|Q135363158]] | 0 |- | [[Katie Williamson]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] cispheileadóir (*2001) ♀ | [[cispheileadóir]] | data-sort-value="2001" | 2001-05-11 | | | | [[:d:Q135364030|Q135364030]] | 0 |- | [[Alexandra Mary Mulligan]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] cispheileadóir (*2001) ♀ | [[cispheileadóir]] | data-sort-value="2001" | 2001-12-14 | | | | [[:d:Q135364031|Q135364031]] | 0 |- | [[Katie Niamh Walshe]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] cispheileadóir (*2001) ♀ | [[cispheileadóir]] | data-sort-value="2001" | 2001-07-19 | | | | [[:d:Q135364032|Q135364032]] | 0 |- | [[Lainey Nolan]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] cispheileadóir (*2001) ♀ | [[cispheileadóir]] | data-sort-value="2001" | 2001-09-19 | | | | [[:d:Q135364033|Q135364033]] | 0 |- | [[Mia Furlong]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] cispheileadóir (*2001) ♀ | [[cispheileadóir]] | data-sort-value="2001" | 2001-12-21 | | | | [[:d:Q135364034|Q135364034]] | 0 |- | [[Niamh Kenny]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] cispheileadóir (*2001) ♀ | [[cispheileadóir]] | data-sort-value="2001" | 2001-04-28 | | | | [[:d:Q135364035|Q135364035]] | 0 |- | [[Ciara Veronica White]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] cispheileadóir (*2001) ♀ | [[cispheileadóir]] | data-sort-value="2001" | 2001-01-15 | | | | [[:d:Q135364036|Q135364036]] | 0 |- | [[Anna Lynch]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] cispheileadóir (*2001) ♀ | [[cispheileadóir]] | data-sort-value="2001" | 2001-01-10 | | | | [[:d:Q135364037|Q135364037]] | 0 |- | [[Lauren Darcy]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] cispheileadóir (*2001) ♀ | [[cispheileadóir]] | data-sort-value="2001" | 2001-06-01 | | | | [[:d:Q135364038|Q135364038]] | 0 |- | [[Abby Flynn]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] cispheileadóir (*2001) ♀ | [[cispheileadóir]] | data-sort-value="2001" | 2001-07-05 | | | | [[:d:Q135366295|Q135366295]] | 0 |- | [[Mavie Österreicher]] | | [[An Ostair|Ostarach]] imreoir leadóige (*2002) ♀ | [[imreoir leadóige]] | data-sort-value="2002" | 2002-04-05 | | [[an Ostair]] | | [[:d:Q57242668|Q57242668]] | 4 |- | [[Emily Kraft]] | [[Íomhá:Emily Kraft Lewes FC Women (52384339143).jpg|center|40px]] | imreoir sacair Éireannach (2002-) | [[imreoir sacair]] | data-sort-value="2002" | 2002-02-18 | | [[Frankfurt]] | | [[:d:Q60713591|Q60713591]] | 6 |- | [[Alexandra Troy]] | | imreoir badmantain | [[imreoir badmantain]] | data-sort-value="2002" | 2002-03-07 | | | | [[:d:Q65554597|Q65554597]] | 0 |- | [[Emma Austin]] | [[Íomhá:2020-01-14 Alpine skiing at the 2020 Winter Youth Olympics – Women's Slalom (Martin Rulsch) 335.jpg|center|40px]] | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] sciálaí Alpach (*2002) ♀ | [[sciálaí Alpach]] | data-sort-value="2002" | 2002-08-31 | | | | [[:d:Q81901202|Q81901202]] | 2 |- | [[Melisa Filis]] | [[Íomhá:Melisa Filis 2019.jpg|center|40px]] | [[Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Thuaisceart Éireann|Briotanach]]-[[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|éireannaigh]] imreoir sacair (*2002) ♀ | [[imreoir sacair]] | data-sort-value="2002" | 2002-07-30 | | [[Essex]] | | [[:d:Q83196933|Q83196933]] | 7 |- | [[Michaela Corcoran]] | | [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá|Meiriceánach]] lúthchleasaí (*2002) ♀ | [[lúthchleasaí]] | data-sort-value="2002" | 2002-08-07 | | [[Houston, Texas|Houston]] | | [[:d:Q90898291|Q90898291]] | 3 |- | [[Adeyemi Talabi]] | | Iomaitheoir lúthchleasaíochta (*2002) ♀ | [[iomaitheoir lúthchleasaíochta]] | data-sort-value="2002" | 2002-12-25 | | | | [[:d:Q113864217|Q113864217]] | 1 |- | [[Sabhbh Edwards Murphy]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] cispheileadóir (*2002) ♀ | [[cispheileadóir]] | data-sort-value="2002" | 2002-07-17 | | | | [[:d:Q119549084|Q119549084]] | 0 |- | [[Erin Maguire]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] cispheileadóir (*2002) ♀ | [[cispheileadóir]] | data-sort-value="2002" | 2002-12-16 | | | | [[:d:Q119550959|Q119550959]] | 0 |- | [[Maria Godden]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] snámhóir (*2002) ♀ | [[snámhóir]] | data-sort-value="2002" | 2002-08-31 | | | | [[:d:Q124671917|Q124671917]] | 1 |- | [[Laura Mooney]] | [[Íomhá:Laura Mooney 01.jpg|center|40px]] | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] iomaitheoir lúthchleasaíochta (*2002) ♀ | [[iomaitheoir lúthchleasaíochta]] | data-sort-value="2002" | 2002 | | | | [[:d:Q126623596|Q126623596]] | 2 |- | [[Madison Corcoran]] | [[Íomhá:2022 ICF Canoe Slalom World Championships - Madison Corcoran - Ireland - by 2eight - 9SC6114.jpg|center|40px]] | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] canúálaí (*2002) ♀ | [[canúálaí]] | data-sort-value="2002" | 2002-08-07 | | | | [[:d:Q127784722|Q127784722]] | 4 |- | [[Lauryn Homan]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] cispheileadóir (*2002) ♀ | [[cispheileadóir]] | data-sort-value="2002" | 2002-05-20 | | | | [[:d:Q135356265|Q135356265]] | 0 |- | [[Sarah Flemming]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] cispheileadóir (*2002) ♀ | [[cispheileadóir]] | data-sort-value="2002" | 2002-02-06 | | | | [[:d:Q135358786|Q135358786]] | 0 |- | [[Jasmine Burke]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] cispheileadóir (*2002) ♀ | [[cispheileadóir]] | data-sort-value="2002" | 2002-03-02 | | | | [[:d:Q135358788|Q135358788]] | 0 |- | [[Fatimah Akorede]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] cispheileadóir (*2002) ♀ | [[cispheileadóir]] | data-sort-value="2002" | 2002-08-03 | | | | [[:d:Q135362059|Q135362059]] | 0 |- | [[Gillian Wheeler]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] cispheileadóir (*2002) ♀ | [[cispheileadóir]] | data-sort-value="2002" | 2002-01-05 | | | | [[:d:Q135362060|Q135362060]] | 0 |- | [[Sinead Boyle]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] cispheileadóir (*2002) ♀ | [[cispheileadóir]] | data-sort-value="2002" | 2002-06-01 | | | | [[:d:Q135362061|Q135362061]] | 0 |- | [[Siofra O'Shea]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] cispheileadóir (*2002) ♀ | [[cispheileadóir]] | data-sort-value="2002" | 2002-01-10 | | | | [[:d:Q135362062|Q135362062]] | 0 |- | [[Abigail Rafferty]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] cispheileadóir (*2002) ♀ | [[cispheileadóir]] | data-sort-value="2002" | 2002-05-28 | | | | [[:d:Q135362063|Q135362063]] | 0 |- | [[Kate Hickey]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] cispheileadóir (*2002) ♀ | [[cispheileadóir]] | data-sort-value="2002" | 2002-10-15 | | | | [[:d:Q135362064|Q135362064]] | 0 |- | [[Lisa Blaney]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] cispheileadóir (*2002) ♀ | [[cispheileadóir]] | data-sort-value="2002" | 2002-05-02 | | | | [[:d:Q135362170|Q135362170]] | 0 |- | [[Ciara Byrne]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] cispheileadóir (*2002) ♀ | [[cispheileadóir]] | data-sort-value="2002" | 2002-07-26 | | | | [[:d:Q135362171|Q135362171]] | 0 |- | [[Shauna Dooley]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] cispheileadóir (*2002) ♀ | [[cispheileadóir]] | data-sort-value="2002" | 2002-02-17 | | | | [[:d:Q135362172|Q135362172]] | 0 |- | [[Fiona McAdams]] | | imreoir badmantain | [[imreoir badmantain]] | data-sort-value="2003" | 2003-12-12 | | | | [[:d:Q65554282|Q65554282]] | 0 |- | [[Nicola Tuthill]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] iomaitheoir lúthchleasaíochta agus caiteoir oird (*2003) ♀ | [[iomaitheoir lúthchleasaíochta]]<br/>[[caiteoir oird]] | data-sort-value="2003" | 2003-12-22 | | | | [[:d:Q115651644|Q115651644]] | 6 |- | [[Molly Moffitt]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]]-[[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá|meiriceánach]] cispheileadóir (*2003) ♀ | [[cispheileadóir]] | data-sort-value="2003" | 2003-03-02 | | | | [[:d:Q119536967|Q119536967]] | 0 |- | [[Ella O'Donnell]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] cispheileadóir (*2003) ♀ | [[cispheileadóir]] | data-sort-value="2003" | 2003-09-29 | | | | [[:d:Q119554886|Q119554886]] | 0 |- | [[Paris McCarthy]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] cispheileadóir (*2003) ♀ | [[cispheileadóir]] | data-sort-value="2003" | 2003-12-13 | | | | [[:d:Q119564680|Q119564680]] | 0 |- | [[Ellie Glavin]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] cispheileadóir (*2003) ♀ | [[cispheileadóir]] | data-sort-value="2003" | 2003-12-30 | | | | [[:d:Q135358579|Q135358579]] | 0 |- | [[Shannon Cunningham]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] cispheileadóir (*2003) ♀ | [[cispheileadóir]] | data-sort-value="2003" | 2003-06-19 | | | | [[:d:Q135359457|Q135359457]] | 0 |- | [[Rebecca Anne Hynes]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] cispheileadóir (*2003) ♀ | [[cispheileadóir]] | data-sort-value="2003" | 2003-08-21 | | | | [[:d:Q135359458|Q135359458]] | 0 |- | [[Emma Glavin]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] cispheileadóir (*2003) ♀ | [[cispheileadóir]] | data-sort-value="2003" | 2003-12-30 | | | | [[:d:Q135359460|Q135359460]] | 0 |- | [[Casey Mulvey]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] cispheileadóir (*2003) ♀ | [[cispheileadóir]] | data-sort-value="2003" | 2003-04-06 | | | | [[:d:Q135360144|Q135360144]] | 0 |- | [[Miah Ryan]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] cispheileadóir (*2003) ♀ | [[cispheileadóir]] | data-sort-value="2003" | 2003-04-19 | | | | [[:d:Q135360147|Q135360147]] | 0 |- | [[Kara McCleane]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] cispheileadóir (*2003) ♀ | [[cispheileadóir]] | data-sort-value="2003" | 2003-05-23 | | | | [[:d:Q135360148|Q135360148]] | 0 |- | [[Kate Kelly]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] cispheileadóir (*2003) ♀ | [[cispheileadóir]] | data-sort-value="2003" | 2003-07-09 | | | | [[:d:Q135360149|Q135360149]] | 0 |- | [[Sinead Keane]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] cispheileadóir (*2003) ♀ | [[cispheileadóir]] | data-sort-value="2003" | 2003-05-13 | | | | [[:d:Q135360151|Q135360151]] | 0 |- | [[Sophie Moore]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] cispheileadóir (*2003) ♀ | [[cispheileadóir]] | data-sort-value="2003" | 2003-03-25 | | | | [[:d:Q135360152|Q135360152]] | 0 |- | [[Hazel Finn]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] cispheileadóir (*2003) ♀ | [[cispheileadóir]] | data-sort-value="2003" | 2003-05-22 | | | | [[:d:Q135362040|Q135362040]] | 0 |- | [[Elizabeth Golding]] | | Scátálaí fíorach (*2004) ♀ | [[scátálaí fíorach]] | data-sort-value="2004" | 2004-09-28 | | [[Moscó]] | | [[:d:Q56395775|Q56395775]] | 0 |- | [[Jenna Slattery]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] imreoir sacair (*2004) ♀ | [[imreoir sacair]] | data-sort-value="2004" | 2004-03-17 | | | | [[:d:Q98090913|Q98090913]] | 1 |- | [[Amy Duggan]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] cispheileadóir (*2004) ♀ | [[cispheileadóir]] | data-sort-value="2004" | 2004-08-16 | | | | [[:d:Q119540104|Q119540104]] | 0 |- | [[Maeve O'Neill]] | | Iomaitheoir lúthchleasaíochta (*2004) ♀ | [[iomaitheoir lúthchleasaíochta]] | data-sort-value="2004" | 2004-03-09 | | | | [[:d:Q122806335|Q122806335]] | 2 |- | [[Kate O'Connell]] | | Iomaitheoir lúthchleasaíochta (*2004) ♀ | [[iomaitheoir lúthchleasaíochta]] | data-sort-value="2004" | 2004-08-11 | | | | [[:d:Q122808599|Q122808599]] | 1 |- | [[Orla Dullaghan]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] cispheileadóir (*2004) ♀ | [[cispheileadóir]] | data-sort-value="2004" | 2004-12-16 | | | | [[:d:Q135352415|Q135352415]] | 0 |- | [[Leilani Turner]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]]-[[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá|meiriceánach]] cispheileadóir (*2004) ♀ | [[cispheileadóir]] | data-sort-value="2004" | 2004-11-11 | | | | [[:d:Q135352416|Q135352416]] | 0 |- | [[Katie Flanagan]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] cispheileadóir (*2004) ♀ | [[cispheileadóir]] | data-sort-value="2004" | 2004-06-28 | | | | [[:d:Q135353433|Q135353433]] | 0 |- | [[Emily Smyth]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] cispheileadóir (*2004) ♀ | [[cispheileadóir]] | data-sort-value="2004" | 2004-05-01 | | | | [[:d:Q135353434|Q135353434]] | 0 |- | [[Rachel Callery]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] cispheileadóir (*2004) ♀ | [[cispheileadóir]] | data-sort-value="2004" | 2004-02-04 | | | | [[:d:Q135356074|Q135356074]] | 0 |- | [[Niamh Tolan]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] cispheileadóir (*2004) ♀ | [[cispheileadóir]] | data-sort-value="2004" | 2004-06-04 | | | | [[:d:Q135356077|Q135356077]] | 0 |- | [[Niamh O'Leary]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] cispheileadóir (*2004) ♀ | [[cispheileadóir]] | data-sort-value="2004" | 2004-02-05 | | | | [[:d:Q135356078|Q135356078]] | 0 |- | [[Erica Egan]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] cispheileadóir (*2004) ♀ | [[cispheileadóir]] | data-sort-value="2004" | 2004-01-09 | | | | [[:d:Q135356079|Q135356079]] | 0 |- | [[Micaiah Fubara]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] cispheileadóir (*2004) ♀ | [[cispheileadóir]] | data-sort-value="2004" | 2004-10-10 | | | | [[:d:Q135356080|Q135356080]] | 0 |- | [[Lucy Coogan]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] cispheileadóir (*2004) ♀ | [[cispheileadóir]] | data-sort-value="2004" | 2004-04-12 | | | | [[:d:Q135358581|Q135358581]] | 0 |- | [[Maria Kealy]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] cispheileadóir (*2004) ♀ | [[cispheileadóir]] | data-sort-value="2004" | 2004-07-02 | | | | [[:d:Q135359459|Q135359459]] | 0 |- | [[Tania Salvado-McCormack]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] cispheileadóir (*2004) ♀ | [[cispheileadóir]] | data-sort-value="2004" | 2004-03-18 | | | | [[:d:Q135360141|Q135360141]] | 0 |- | [[Michelle Ugwah]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] cispheileadóir (*2004) ♀ | [[cispheileadóir]] | data-sort-value="2004" | 2004-12-07 | | | | [[:d:Q135360142|Q135360142]] | 0 |- | [[Sarah Hickey]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] cispheileadóir (*2004) ♀ | [[cispheileadóir]] | data-sort-value="2004" | 2004-04-12 | | | | [[:d:Q135360150|Q135360150]] | 0 |- | [[Trisha Kanyamarala]] | [[Íomhá:TrishaKanyamarala23.jpg|center|40px]] | [[An India|Indiach]] imreoir fichille (*2005) ♀ | [[imreoir fichille]] | data-sort-value="2005" | 2005 | | | | [[:d:Q81826781|Q81826781]] | 4 |- | [[Elizabeth Ndudi]] | | Iomaitheoir lúthchleasaíochta (*2005) ♀ | [[iomaitheoir lúthchleasaíochta]] | data-sort-value="2005" | 2005-03-21 | | | | [[:d:Q121338851|Q121338851]] | 4 |- | [[Gandy Malou-Mamel]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] cispheileadóir (*2005) ♀ | [[cispheileadóir]] | data-sort-value="2005" | 2005-12-31 | | | | [[:d:Q135352417|Q135352417]] | 1 |- | [[Emer Dunne]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] cispheileadóir (*2005) ♀ | [[cispheileadóir]] | data-sort-value="2005" | 2005-10-29 | | | | [[:d:Q135354136|Q135354136]] | 0 |- | [[Katie O'Sullivan]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] cispheileadóir (*2005) ♀ | [[cispheileadóir]] | data-sort-value="2005" | 2005-11-26 | | | | [[:d:Q135354521|Q135354521]] | 0 |- | [[Rachel Lynch]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] cispheileadóir (*2005) ♀ | [[cispheileadóir]] | data-sort-value="2005" | 2005-12-21 | | | | [[:d:Q135358213|Q135358213]] | 0 |- | [[Alannah O'Connell]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] cispheileadóir (*2005) ♀ | [[cispheileadóir]] | data-sort-value="2005" | 2005-07-17 | | | | [[:d:Q135358214|Q135358214]] | 0 |- | [[Priya Doyle]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] cispheileadóir (*2005) ♀ | [[cispheileadóir]] | data-sort-value="2005" | 2005-12-28 | | | | [[:d:Q135358215|Q135358215]] | 0 |- | [[Bree Shelley]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] cispheileadóir (*2005) ♀ | [[cispheileadóir]] | data-sort-value="2005" | 2005-06-18 | | | | [[:d:Q135358239|Q135358239]] | 0 |- | [[Rebecca Sexton]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] cispheileadóir (*2005) ♀ | [[cispheileadóir]] | data-sort-value="2005" | 2005-08-17 | | | | [[:d:Q135358240|Q135358240]] | 0 |- | [[Isabelle McSweeney]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] cispheileadóir (*2005) ♀ | [[cispheileadóir]] | data-sort-value="2005" | 2005-07-18 | | | | [[:d:Q135358245|Q135358245]] | 0 |- | [[Emma Gribben]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] cispheileadóir (*2005) ♀ | [[cispheileadóir]] | data-sort-value="2005" | 2005-04-08 | | | | [[:d:Q135358246|Q135358246]] | 0 |- | [[Caitlin Gloeckner]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] cispheileadóir (*2005) ♀ | [[cispheileadóir]] | data-sort-value="2005" | 2005-10-03 | | | | [[:d:Q135358247|Q135358247]] | 0 |- | [[Lucy Devoy]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] cispheileadóir (*2005) ♀ | [[cispheileadóir]] | data-sort-value="2005" | 2005-03-09 | | | | [[:d:Q135358248|Q135358248]] | 0 |- | [[Sarah Courtney]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] cispheileadóir (*2006) ♀ | [[cispheileadóir]] | data-sort-value="2006" | 2006-12-18 | | | | [[:d:Q135351864|Q135351864]] | 0 |- | [[Laura McFarland]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] cispheileadóir (*2006) ♀ | [[cispheileadóir]] | data-sort-value="2006" | 2006-05-31 | | | | [[:d:Q135351865|Q135351865]] | 0 |- | [[Karolina Gierszal]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]]-[[An Pholainn|polannach]] cispheileadóir (*2006) ♀ | [[cispheileadóir]] | data-sort-value="2006" | 2006-04-24 | | | | [[:d:Q135355491|Q135355491]] | 0 |- | [[Ava Walshe]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] cispheileadóir (*2006) ♀ | [[cispheileadóir]] | data-sort-value="2006" | 2006-07-21 | | | | [[:d:Q135355954|Q135355954]] | 0 |- | [[Clara Boyce]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] cispheileadóir (*2006) ♀ | [[cispheileadóir]] | data-sort-value="2006" | 2006-03-03 | | | | [[:d:Q135355996|Q135355996]] | 0 |- | [[Shannon Quigley]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] cispheileadóir (*2006) ♀ | [[cispheileadóir]] | data-sort-value="2006" | 2006-10-25 | | | | [[:d:Q135356011|Q135356011]] | 0 |- | [[Kelly Bracken]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] cispheileadóir (*2006) ♀ | [[cispheileadóir]] | data-sort-value="2006" | 2006-03-31 | | | | [[:d:Q135356012|Q135356012]] | 0 |- | [[Grace Prenter]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] cispheileadóir (*2006) ♀ | [[cispheileadóir]] | data-sort-value="2006" | 2006-12-05 | | | | [[:d:Q135356014|Q135356014]] | 0 |- | [[Emma Tolan]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] cispheileadóir (*2006) ♀ | [[cispheileadóir]] | data-sort-value="2006" | 2006-03-23 | | | | [[:d:Q135356015|Q135356015]] | 0 |- | [[Caoimhe Gilligan]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] cispheileadóir (*2006) ♀ | [[cispheileadóir]] | data-sort-value="2006" | 2006-10-07 | | | | [[:d:Q135356017|Q135356017]] | 0 |- | [[Leah McMahon]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] cispheileadóir (*2006) ♀ | [[cispheileadóir]] | data-sort-value="2006" | 2006-06-02 | | | | [[:d:Q135358238|Q135358238]] | 0 |- | [[Aisling Moran]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] cispheileadóir (*2006) ♀ | [[cispheileadóir]] | data-sort-value="2006" | 2006-11-23 | | | | [[:d:Q135358244|Q135358244]] | 0 |- | [[Shauna Curran]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] cispheileadóir (*2006) ♀ | [[cispheileadóir]] | data-sort-value="2006" | 2006-02-02 | | | | [[:d:Q135358249|Q135358249]] | 0 |- | [[Rachel Bowdren]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] cispheileadóir (*2006) ♀ | [[cispheileadóir]] | data-sort-value="2006" | 2006-02-01 | | | | [[:d:Q135358250|Q135358250]] | 0 |- | [[Grace Davison]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] snámhóir (*2007) ♀ | [[snámhóir]] | data-sort-value="2007" | 2007-08-26 | | | | [[:d:Q130220494|Q130220494]] | 2 |- | [[Lara Putar]] | | Imreoir fichille (*2007) ♀ | [[imreoir fichille]] | data-sort-value="2007" | 2007-02-12 | | | | [[:d:Q131767687|Q131767687]] | 0 |- | [[Una O'Brien]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] cispheileadóir (*2007) ♀ | [[cispheileadóir]] | data-sort-value="2007" | 2007-12-05 | | | | [[:d:Q135353330|Q135353330]] | 0 |- | [[Sophie Staunton]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] cispheileadóir (*2007) ♀ | [[cispheileadóir]] | data-sort-value="2007" | 2007-02-03 | | | | [[:d:Q135353331|Q135353331]] | 0 |- | [[Riodhna McGrath]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] cispheileadóir (*2007) ♀ | [[cispheileadóir]] | data-sort-value="2007" | 2007-03-11 | | | | [[:d:Q135353332|Q135353332]] | 0 |- | [[Kira Lynch]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] cispheileadóir (*2007) ♀ | [[cispheileadóir]] | data-sort-value="2007" | 2007-09-21 | | | | [[:d:Q135353333|Q135353333]] | 0 |- | [[Sidney Quinn]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]]-[[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá|meiriceánach]] cispheileadóir (*2007) ♀; child of Kieran Quinn agus Jen Critchley | [[cispheileadóir]] | data-sort-value="2007" | 2007-04-16 | | | | [[:d:Q135353335|Q135353335]] | 0 |- | [[Faye McDonnell]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] cispheileadóir (*2007) ♀ | [[cispheileadóir]] | data-sort-value="2007" | 2007-05-08 | | | | [[:d:Q135353337|Q135353337]] | 0 |- | [[Andrea Jude]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]]-[[An India|indiach]] cispheileadóir (*2007) ♀ | [[cispheileadóir]] | data-sort-value="2007" | 2007-02-19 | | | | [[:d:Q135353338|Q135353338]] | 0 |- | [[Helena Keane]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] cispheileadóir (*2007) ♀ | [[cispheileadóir]] | data-sort-value="2007" | 2007-12-18 | | | | [[:d:Q135356013|Q135356013]] | 0 |- | [[Ciara Brogan]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] cispheileadóir (*2007) ♀ | [[cispheileadóir]] | data-sort-value="2007" | 2007-10-16 | | | | [[:d:Q135356016|Q135356016]] | 0 |- | [[Amber Buchanan]] | | imreoir badmantain | [[imreoir badmantain]] | data-sort-value="2008" | 2008-05-21 | | | | [[:d:Q62393479|Q62393479]] | 0 |- | [[Naomi Farrington]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] cispheileadóir (*2008) ♀ | [[cispheileadóir]] | data-sort-value="2008" | 2008-04-23 | | | | [[:d:Q135352455|Q135352455]] | 0 |- | [[Muireann Teahan]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] cispheileadóir (*2008) ♀ | [[cispheileadóir]] | data-sort-value="2008" | 2008-10-24 | | | | [[:d:Q135352456|Q135352456]] | 0 |- | [[Maebh Purtill]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] cispheileadóir (*2008) ♀ | [[cispheileadóir]] | data-sort-value="2008" | 2008-06-10 | | | | [[:d:Q135352459|Q135352459]] | 0 |- | [[Lucy Walsh]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] cispheileadóir (*2008) ♀ | [[cispheileadóir]] | data-sort-value="2008" | 2008-12-19 | | | | [[:d:Q135352460|Q135352460]] | 0 |- | [[Katie Behan]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] cispheileadóir (*2008) ♀ | [[cispheileadóir]] | data-sort-value="2008" | 2008-05-25 | | | | [[:d:Q135352464|Q135352464]] | 0 |- | [[Eabha Booth]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] cispheileadóir (*2008) ♀ | [[cispheileadóir]] | data-sort-value="2008" | 2008-02-05 | | | | [[:d:Q135352465|Q135352465]] | 0 |- | [[Caoimhe Timmons]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] cispheileadóir (*2008) ♀ | [[cispheileadóir]] | data-sort-value="2008" | 2008-02-14 | | | | [[:d:Q135352518|Q135352518]] | 0 |- | [[Abbie Lyons]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] cispheileadóir (*2008) ♀ | [[cispheileadóir]] | data-sort-value="2008" | 2008-10-23 | | | | [[:d:Q135352519|Q135352519]] | 0 |- | [[Kaitlyn Summers]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]]-[[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá|meiriceánach]] cispheileadóir (*2008) ♀ | [[cispheileadóir]] | data-sort-value="2008" | 2008-10-18 | | | | [[:d:Q135353334|Q135353334]] | 0 |- | [[Francesca Kyamagero]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]]-[[Uganda|ugandach]] cispheileadóir (*2008) ♀ | [[cispheileadóir]] | data-sort-value="2008" | 2008-08-11 | | | | [[:d:Q135353336|Q135353336]] | 0 |- | [[Aoibheann Donnelly]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]]-[[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá|meiriceánach]] cispheileadóir (*2008) ♀ | [[cispheileadóir]] | data-sort-value="2008" | 2008-08-01 | | | | [[:d:Q135353339|Q135353339]] | 0 |- | [[Madelyn Hartigan]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] cispheileadóir (*2009) ♀ | [[cispheileadóir]] | data-sort-value="2009" | 2009-08-18 | | | | [[:d:Q135352457|Q135352457]] | 0 |- | [[Carmel Gunning]] | | ceoltóir Éireannach | [[amhránaí]]<br/>[[ceoleolaí]]<br/>[[cumadóir amhrán]]<br/>[[fliúiteadóir]] | | | [[An Ghaobhach]] | | [[:d:Q951887|Q951887]] | 2 |- | [[Rita Connolly]] | | amhránaí | [[amhránaí]] | | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] | | [[:d:Q956109|Q956109]] | 4 |- | [[Samthann]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] [[File|file]] agus [[Scríbhneoir|scríbhneoir]] (†739) ♀ | [[file]]<br/>[[scríbhneoir]] | | data-sort-value="739" | 739-12-19 | | | [[:d:Q1278739|Q1278739]] | 4 |- | [[Juanita Wilson]] | | stiúrthóir scannán | [[stiúrthóir scannán]]<br/>[[léiritheoir scannáin]]<br/>[[scríbhneoir scripte]] | | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] | | [[:d:Q1710722|Q1710722]] | 7 |- | [[Mairéad Phelan]] | | amhránaí Éireannach | [[amhránaí]] | | | | | [[:d:Q1941074|Q1941074]] | 1 |- | [[Vyvienne Long]] | | ceoltóir Éireannach | [[ceoltóir]] | | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] | | [[:d:Q2069395|Q2069395]] | 4 |- | [[Teresa Kidd]] | | Iomaitheoir lúthchleasaíochta ♀ | [[iomaitheoir lúthchleasaíochta]] | | | | | [[:d:Q2311088|Q2311088]] | 1 |- | [[Eleanor Shanley]] | [[Íomhá:Eleanor Shanly Paul Kelly Frankie Lane Dublin 2011.png|center|40px]] | amhránaí Éireannach | [[amhránaí]] | | | | | [[:d:Q2390709|Q2390709]] | 3 |- | [[Áine Furey]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] [[Amhránaí|amhránaí]] ♀; child of Finbar Furey | [[amhránaí]] | | | | | [[:d:Q2528271|Q2528271]] | 2 |- | [[Maeve Donnelly]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] veidhleadóir ♀ | [[veidhleadóir]] | | | [[Contae na Gaillimhe]] | | [[:d:Q2541341|Q2541341]] | 2 |- | [[Rosena Horan]] | [[Íomhá:Rosena Horan.jpg|center|40px]] | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] cumadóir ♀ | [[cumadóir]] | | | | | [[:d:Q3442530|Q3442530]] | 1 |- | [[Ainna Fawcett-Henesy]] | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éireannaigh]] [[Altra|altra]] ♀; Fellow of the Royal College of Nursing | [[altra]] | | | | | [[:d:Q4697453|Q4697453]] | 3 |- | [[Ann Breen]] | | amhránaí Éireannach | [[amhránaí]] | | | | | [[:d:Q4766282|Q4766282]] | 1 |- | [[Ann Scott]] | | amhránaí Éireannach | [[amhránaí]] | | | | | [[:d:Q4766666|Q4766666]] | 1 |- | [[Danielle Donegan]] | | Cianreathaí ♀ | [[cianreathaí]] | | | | | [[:d:Q125188525|Q125188525]] | 1 |- | [[Ava O'Connor]] | | Iomaitheoir lúthchleasaíochta ♀ | [[iomaitheoir lúthchleasaíochta]] | | | | | [[:d:Q125188526|Q125188526]] | 1 |} ---- &sum; 967 items. {{wikidata list end}} [[Catagóir:Mná Éireannacha|*]] fzz7cag3t04zcpov0332h4lhaifjz53 14 98830 1321769 1011209 2026-07-26T23:03:22Z Taghdtaighde 60452 Catagóir curtha leis agus sórtáil 1321769 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Catagóir:Daoine LADT]] [[Catagóir:Cultúr LADT]] [[Catagóir:Scríbhneoirí|Aerach]] h9zqlnfehh4k06sa0z4eritluszx3t1 14 101212 1321774 1031649 2026-07-26T23:08:07Z Taghdtaighde 60452 Catagóirí curtha leis agus sórtáil 1321774 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Catagóir:Síolta beathaisnéise|LADT]] [[Catagóir:Síolta bitheolaíochta|LADT]] [[Catagóir:LADT|Σ]] q1kej690glwy33xrv9cxsueatpb0429 0 101734 1321798 1321177 2026-07-27T09:22:41Z Conradder 34685 /* 1998 */ 1321798 wikitext text/x-wiki {{WD Bosca Geografaíocht Pholaitiúil}} Is toghcheantar tionóil é '''An Feabhal''' ar [[Tionól Thuaisceart Éireann|Thionól Thuaisceart Éireann]] (Béarla: ''Foyle''). D'úsáideadh an suíochán den chéad uair i dtoghchán do [[Tuaisceart Éireann|Thuaisceart Éireann]] amháin, d’[[Fóram Thuaisceart Éireann|Fhóram Thuaisceart Éireann]] i 1996. Ó 1998, tá baill tofa aige don Tionól reatha. == Baill == ''* ón 13 Aibreán 2026 amach'' {| class="wikitable sortable" style="width: 600px;" |- ! colspan="2" | Ball !! Páirtí |- |scope="row" style="background:{{Páirtí Sóisialta Daonlathach an Lucht Oibre/meta/color}};"| |[[Mark H. Durkan]] |[[PSDLO]] |- |scope="row" style="background:{{Páirtí Sóisialta Daonlathach an Lucht Oibre/meta/color}};"| |[[Sinéad McLaughlin]] |[[PSDLO]] |- |scope="row" style="background:{{Páirtí Aontachtach Daonlathach/meta/color}};"| | [[Julie Middleton]] | [[PAD]] |- |scope="row" style="background:{{Sinn Féin/meta/color}};"| | [[Pádraig Delargy]] | [[Sinn Féin]] |- |scope="row" style="background:{{Sinn Féin/meta/color}};"| | [[Ciara Ferguson]] | [[Sinn Féin]] |} == Toghcháin == === Tionól Thuaisceart Éireann === ====2022==== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:95%; line-height:16px;" |- ! align=center colspan=17| [[Toghchán Chomhthionól Thuaisceart Éireann 2022|Toghchán Chomhthionól 2022]]: An Feabhal <ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.niassembly.gov.uk/globalassets/documents/raise/publications/2017-2022/2022/2422.pdf|teideal=Election Report: Northern Ireland Assembly Election, 5 May 2022|work=NI Assembly|dátarochtana=03 Iúil 2026|údar=Dr Raymond Russe|dáta=11 Bealtaine 2022|format=PDF|language=Béarla}}</ref> |- ! align=center colspan=2| Páirtí !! Iarrthóir !! Scair !! Comhair 1 !! Comhair 2 !! Comhair 3 !! Comhair 4 !! Comhair 5 !! Comhair 6 !! Comhair 7 !! Comhair 8!! Comhair 9 !! Comhair 10 !! Comhair 11 !! Comhair 12 !! Comhair 13 |- | style="background:{{Sinn Féin/meta/color}};" | || [[Sinn Féin]] || '''[[Pádraig Delargy]]''' ||20.20% ||'''9,471''' || || || || || || || || || || || || |- | style="background:{{Páirtí Sóisialta Daonlathach an Lucht Oibre/meta/color}};" | || [[PSDLO]] || '''[[Mark H. Durkan]]''' || 17.06% || '''7,999'''|| || || || || || || || || || || || |- | style="background:{{Sinn Féin/meta/color}};" | || [[Sinn Féin]] || '''[[Ciara Ferguson]]''' ||12.61% ||5,913 ||7,237 ||7,248 ||7,257 ||7,257 ||7,373 ||7,424 ||7,630 ||'''7,873'''|| || || || |- | style="background:{{Páirtí Sóisialta Daonlathach an Lucht Oibre/meta/color}};" | || [[PSDLO]] || '''[[Sinéad McLaughlin|Sinead McLaughlin]]'''|| 6.80%|| 3,189 ||3,250 ||3,269 ||3,358 ||3,359 ||3,410 ||3,449 ||4,236 ||4,411 ||4,432 ||7,490 ||'''8,605'''|| |- | style="background:{{Páirtí Aontachtach Daonlathach/meta/color}};" | || [[PAD]] || '''[[Gary Middleton]]'''|| 8.75%|| 4,101 ||4,101 ||4,108 ||4,109 ||4,391 ||4,392 ||4,428 ||4,478 ||4,654 ||4,655 ||4,675 ||4,713 ||'''4,731''' |- | style="background:{{Páirtí Aontachtach Uladh/meta/color}};" | || [[PAU]] || Ryan McCready ||7.98% ||3,744 ||3,746 ||3,752 ||3,754 ||3,948 ||3,950 ||3,961 ||4,244 ||4,282 ||4,283 ||4,326 ||4,515 ||4,635 |- | style="background:{{People Before Profit Alliance/meta/color}};"| || [[Comhghuaillíocht an Phobail roimh Bhrabús|Pobail roimh Bhrabús]] || Shaun Harkin ||5.59% ||2,621 ||2,672 ||2,741 ||2,751 ||2,754 ||2,902 ||3,014 ||3,446 ||4,011 ||4,033 ||4,264 || || |- | style="background:{{Páirtí Sóisialta Daonlathach an Lucht Oibre/meta/color}};" | || [[PSDLO]] || Brian Tierney|| 6.98% ||3,272 ||3,293 ||3,307 ||3,333 ||3,333 ||3,413 ||3,448 ||3,709 ||3,951 ||3,967|| || || |- | style="background:{{Aontú/meta/color}};" | || [[Aontú]] || Emmet Doyle ||4.26% ||2,000 ||2,041 ||2,045 ||2,049 ||2,050 ||2,176 ||2,609 ||2,697|| || || || || |- | style="background:{{Páirtí Comhghuaillíochta Thuaisceart Éireann/meta/color}};" | || |[[Páirtí Comhghuaillíochta Thuaisceart Éireann|Comhaontas]] || Rachael Ferguson ||4.73% ||2,220 ||2,274 ||2,333 ||2,346 ||2,351 ||2,368 ||2,404 || || || || || || |- | style="background:{{Neamhspleách/meta/color}};" | || Neamhspleách || Anne McCloskey ||1.82% ||854 ||864 ||869 ||870 ||877 ||946|| || || || || || || |- | style="background:{{Irish Republican Socialist Party/meta/color}}"| ||[[Páirtí Poblachtach Sóisialach na hÉireann|PPSÉ]] ||Colly McLaughlin ||1.63% ||766 ||782 ||784 ||786 ||786|| || || || || || || || |- | style="background:{{Glór Traidisiúnta na nAontachtaithe/meta/color}};"| || [[Glór Traidisiúnta Aontachtach|GTA]] || Elizabeth Neely ||1.06% ||499 ||499 ||502 ||502 || || || || || || || || || |- | style="background:{{Comhaontas Glas/meta/color}};" | || |[[Páirtí Glas Thuaisceart Éireann|Páirtí Glas (TÉ)]] ||Gillian Hamilton ||0.45% ||215 ||219 || || || || || || || || || || || |- | align=left colspan=17|'''Toghthóirí:''' 77,343 '''bailí:''' 46,864 '''Millte:''' 810 '''Cuóta:''' 7,811 '''Vótóirí:''' 47,674 (61.64%) ''' |} ====2017==== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:95%; line-height:16px;" |- ! align=center colspan=17| [[Toghchán Chomhthionól Thuaisceart Éireann 2017|Toghchán Chomhthionól 2017]]: An Feabhal |- ! align=center colspan=2| Páirtí !! Iarrthóir !! Scair !! Comhair 1 !! Comhair 2 !! Comhair 3 !! Comhair 4 !! Comhair 5 !! Comhair 6 |- | style="background:{{Sinn Féin/meta/color}};" | || [[Sinn Féin]] || '''[[Elisha McCallion]]'''|| 20.63% ||'''9,205'''|| || || || || |- | style="background:{{Sinn Féin/meta/color}};" | || [[Sinn Féin]] || '''[[Raymond McCartney]]'''|| 16.01% ||7,145 ||'''8,608.76'''|| || || || |- | style="background:{{Páirtí Sóisialta Daonlathach an Lucht Oibre/meta/color}};" | || [[PSDLO]] || '''[[Colum Eastwood]]''' ||16.23% ||7,240 ||7,332.53 ||'''7,595.3'''|| || || |- | style="background:{{Páirtí Sóisialta Daonlathach an Lucht Oibre/meta/color}};" | || [[PSDLO]] || '''[[Mark H. Durkan]]''' || 15.57%|| 6,948 ||7,023.05 ||7,275.56 ||7,380.68 ||'''8,413.68'''|| |- | style="background:{{Páirtí Aontachtach Daonlathach/meta/color}};" | || [[PAD]] || '''[[Gary Middleton]]'''|| 13.39% ||5,975 ||5,975 ||5,976.71 ||6,008.09 ||6,902.37 ||'''7,036.37''' |- | style="background:{{People Before Profit Alliance/meta/color}};"| || [[Comhghuaillíocht an Phobail roimh Bhrabús|Pobail roimh Bhrabús]] || [[ Eamonn McCann]] ||10.67||4,760 ||4,850.63 ||5,086.8 ||5,291.63 ||5,922.16 ||6,373.16 |- | style="background:{{Páirtí Aontachtach Uladh/meta/color}};" | || [[PAU]] || Julia Kee ||3.72% ||1,660 ||1,661.52 ||1,668.93 ||1,704.5 || || |- | style="background:{{Páirtí Comhghuaillíochta Thuaisceart Éireann/meta/color}};" | || |[[Páirtí Comhghuaillíochta Thuaisceart Éireann|Comhaontas]] || Colm Cavanagh ||2.52% ||1,124 ||1,132.93 ||1,179.67 ||1,295.22 || || |- | style="background:{{Comhaontas Glas/meta/color}};" | || |[[Páirtí Glas Thuaisceart Éireann|Páirtí Glas (TÉ)]] ||Shannon Downey|| 0.54% ||242 ||244.09 ||264.42 || || || |- | style="background:{{CISTA/meta/color}}"| ||''[[Citizens Independent Social Thought Alliance]]'' ||John Lindsay||0.44% ||196 ||199.61 ||225.45|| || || |- | style="background:#0000FF;"| || [[Coimeádaigh Thuaisceart Éireann|Páirtí Coimeádach (TÉ)]] || Stuart Canning|| 0.17% ||77 ||77.19 ||78.9|| || || |- | style="background:{{Neamhspleách/meta/color}};" | || Neamhspleách ||Arthur McGuinness|| 0.10%|| 44|| 44.57 ||56.35|| || || |- | align=left colspan=17|'''Toghthóirí:''' 69,718 ''' Bailí:''' 44,616'''Millte:''' 701'''Cuóta:''' 7,437'''Vótóirí:''' 45,317(65.00%) ''' |} ====2016==== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:95%; line-height:16px;" |- ! align=center colspan=17| [[Toghchán Chomhthionól Thuaisceart Éireann 2016|Toghchán Chomhthionól 2016]]: An Feabhal |- ! align=center colspan=2| Páirtí !! Iarrthóir !! Scair !! Comhair 1 !! Comhair 2 !! Comhair 3 !! Comhair 4 !! Comhair 5 !! Comhair 6 !! Comhair 7 !! Comhair 8 |- | style="background:{{Páirtí Aontachtach Daonlathach/meta/color}};" | || [[PAD]] || '''[[Gary Middleton]]'''|| 11.93% ||4,737 ||4,770 ||4,772 ||'''6,641'''|| || || || |- | style="background:{{Sinn Féin/meta/color}};" | || [[Sinn Féin]] || '''[[Raymond McCartney]]'''|| 8.06% ||3,198 ||3,220 ||3,270 ||3,271 ||3,274 ||'''5,676''' || || |- | style="background:{{Páirtí Sóisialta Daonlathach an Lucht Oibre/meta/color}};" | || [[PSDLO]] || '''[[Mark H. Durkan]]''' || 10.57% ||4,197 ||4,268 ||4,395 ||4,527 ||4,744 ||4,801 ||'''6,905 '''|| |- | style="background:{{Páirtí Sóisialta Daonlathach an Lucht Oibre/meta/color}};" | || [[PSDLO]] || '''[[Colum Eastwood]]'''|| 12.59%|| 5,000 ||5,069 ||5,111 ||5,217 ||5,376 ||5,401 ||'''5,804''' || |- | style="background:{{Sinn Féin/meta/color}};" | || [[Sinn Féin]] || '''[[Martin McGuinness]]'''|| 12.69% ||5,037 ||5,070 ||5,168 ||5,175 ||5,176 ||5,656 ||'''5,712''' || |- | style="background:{{People Before Profit Alliance/meta/color}};"| || [[Comhghuaillíocht an Phobail roimh Bhrabús|Pobail roimh Bhrabús]] || '''[[Eamonn McCann]]'''' ||10.52%|| 4,176 ||4,354 ||4,551 ||4,635 ||4,720 ||4,779 ||4,927 ||'''5,394''' |- | style="background:{{Neamhspleách/meta/color}};" | || Neamhspleách ||Anne McCloskey ||8.59% ||3,410 ||3,484 ||3,683 ||3,754 ||3,832 ||3,886 ||3,974 ||4,227 |- | style="background:{{Páirtí Sóisialta Daonlathach an Lucht Oibre/meta/color}};" | || [[PSDLO]] || [[Gerard Diver]]|| 6.80% ||2,700 ||2,743 ||2,797 ||2,974 ||3,239 ||3,249|| || |- | style="background:{{Sinn Féin/meta/color}};" | || [[Sinn Féin]] || [[Maeve McLaughlin]]|| 7.71% ||3,062 ||3,072 ||3,114 ||3,114 ||3,114 || || || |- | style="background:{{Páirtí Aontachtach Uladh/meta/color}};" | || [[PAU]] || Julia Kee ||3.58%|| 1,420 ||1,477 ||1,484|| || || || || |- | style="background:{{Neamhspleách/meta/color}};" | || Neamhspleách ||[[Maurice Devenney]]||2.95% ||1,173 ||1,190 ||1,213|| || || || || |- | style="background:{{Neamhspleách/meta/color}};" | || Neamhspleách ||Kathleen Bradley|| 2.27% ||902 ||928|| || || || || || |- | style="background:{{CISTA/meta/color}}"| ||[[CISTA]] ||John Lindsay|| 0.65% ||259 || || || || || || || |- | style="background:{{Páirtí Comhghuaillíochta Thuaisceart Éireann/meta/color}};" | || |[[Páirtí Comhghuaillíochta Thuaisceart Éireann|Comhaontas]] || Chris McCaw|| 0.60%|| 238|| || || || || || || |- | style="background:{{Comhaontas Glas/meta/color}};" | || |[[Páirtí Glas Thuaisceart Éireann|Páirtí Glas (TÉ)]] ||Mary Hassan ||0.40% ||157|| || || || || || || |- | style="background:#0000FF;"| || [[Coimeádaigh Thuaisceart Éireann|Páirtí Coimeádach (TÉ)]] || Alan Dunlop|| 0.09% ||36|| || || || || || || |- | align=left colspan=17|'''Toghthóirí: '''71.759 ''' Bailí: '''39,702''' Millte: '''485''' Cuóta: '''5,672''' Vótóirí: '''40,187(56.00%) ''' |} ====2011==== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:95%; line-height:16px;" |- ! align=center colspan=17| [[Toghchán Chomhthionól Thuaisceart Éireann 2011|Toghchán Chomhthionól 2011]]: An Feabhal |- ! align=center colspan=2| Páirtí !! Iarrthóir !! Scair !! Comhair 1 !! Comhair 2 !! Comhair 3 !! Comhair 4 !! Comhair 5 !! Comhair 6 !! Comhair 7 |- | style="background:{{Páirtí Aontachtach Daonlathach/meta/color}};" | || [[PAD]] || '''[[William Hay]]''' ||18.42% ||'''7,154 '''|| || || || || || |- | style="background:{{Sinn Féin/meta/color}};" | || [[Sinn Féin]] || '''[[Martina Anderson]]'''|| 17.89% ||'''6,950'''|| || || || || || |- | style="background:{{Páirtí Sóisialta Daonlathach an Lucht Oibre/meta/color}};" | || [[PSDLO]] || '''[[Mark H. Durkan]]''' || 12.79% ||4,970 ||5,382.28 ||5,484.28 ||'''5,794.28'''|| || || |- | style="background:{{Sinn Féin/meta/color}};" | || [[Sinn Féin]] || '''[[Raymond McCartney]]'''|| 9.36% ||3,638 ||3,641.96 ||3,904.16 ||4,043.96 ||4,102.36 ||4,116.36 ||'''6,245.36''' |- | style="background:{{Páirtí Sóisialta Daonlathach an Lucht Oibre/meta/color}};" | || [[PSDLO]] || '''[[Colum Eastwood]]'''|| 7.64%|| 2,967 ||3,069.08 ||3,101.08 ||3,402.8 ||5,376.76 ||5,500.76 ||'''5,562.76''' |- | style="background:{{Páirtí Sóisialta Daonlathach an Lucht Oibre/meta/color}};" | || [[PSDLO]] || '''[[Pat Ramsey]]'''|| 8.08% ||3,138 ||3,682.72 ||3,716.52 ||4,088.72 ||4,554.32 ||4,626.32 ||'''4,875.92''' |- | style="background:{{People Before Profit Alliance/meta/color}};"| || [[Comhghuaillíocht an Phobail roimh Bhrabús|Pobail roimh Bhrabús]] || [[Eamonn McCann]] ||8.03%|| 3,120 ||3,208.88 ||3,255.48 ||3,587.12 ||3,697.8 ||3,719.8 ||3,915.68 |- | style="background:{{Sinn Féin/meta/color}};" | || [[Sinn Féin]] || Paul Fleming ||6.72% ||2,612 ||2,615.96 ||3,433.56 ||3,502.64 ||3,607.08 ||3,615.08|| |- | style="background:{{Páirtí Sóisialta Daonlathach an Lucht Oibre/meta/color}};" | || [[PSDLO]] || [[Pól Callaghan]]|| 6.75% ||2,624 ||2,691.32 ||2,730.12 ||2,890.56 || || || |- | style="background:{{Neamhspleách/meta/color}};" | || Neamhspleách || Paul McFadden|| 3.29% ||1,280 ||1,336.32 ||1,352.72 || || || || |- | style="background:{{Páirtí Comhghuaillíochta Thuaisceart Éireann/meta/color}};" | || |[[Páirtí Comhghuaillíochta Thuaisceart Éireann|Comhaontas]] || Keith McGrellis ||0.86% ||334 ||621.32 ||621.72 || || || || |- | style="background:{{Neamhspleách/meta/color}};" | || Neamhspleách ||Terry Doherty ||0.15% ||60 ||79.36 ||81.96 || || || || |- | align=left colspan=17|'''Toghthóirí: '''68,663 ''' Bailí: '''38,847 ''' Millte: '''839''' Cuóta: '''5,550''' Vótóirí: '''39,686 (57.80%) ''' |} ====2007==== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:95%; line-height:16px;" |- ! align=center colspan=17| [[Toghchán Chomhthionól Thuaisceart Éireann 2007|Toghchán Chomhthionól 2007]]: An Feabhal |- ! align=center colspan=2| Páirtí !! Iarrthóir !! Scair !! Comhair 1 !! Comhair 2 !! Comhair 3 !! Comhair 4 !! Comhair 5 !! Comhair 6 !! Comhair 7 !! Comhair 8 !! Comhair 9 !! Comhair 10 |- | style="background:{{Páirtí Aontachtach Daonlathach/meta/color}};" | || [[PAD]] || '''[[William Hay]]''' ||16.96%|| '''6,960'''|| || || || || || || || || |- | style="background:{{Páirtí Sóisialta Daonlathach an Lucht Oibre/meta/color}};" | || [[PSDLO]] || '''[[Mark Durkan]]''' ||15.60% ||'''6,401'''|| || || || || || || || || |- | style="background:{{Sinn Féin/meta/color}};" | || [[Sinn Féin]] || '''[[Martina Anderson]]'''|| 13.19%|| 5,414 ||5,415.28 ||5,448.6 ||5,461.96 ||5,611.04 ||'''5,972.04'''|| || || || |- | style="background:{{Sinn Féin/meta/color}};" | || [[Sinn Féin]] || '''[[Raymond McCartney]]'''|| 10.53% ||4,321 ||4,325.48 ||4,341.48 ||4,358.92 ||4,565.08 ||4,871.36 ||4,883.4 ||'''7,275.4'''|| || |- | style="background:{{Páirtí Sóisialta Daonlathach an Lucht Oibre/meta/color}};" | || [[PSDLO]] || '''[[Pat Ramsey]]'''|| 7.90% ||3,242 ||3,279.44 ||3,356.04 ||3,458.44 ||3,617.24 ||4,018.84 ||4,826.28 ||5,049.64 ||5,367.64 ||'''5,395.99''' |- | style="background:{{Páirtí Sóisialta Daonlathach an Lucht Oibre/meta/color}};" | || [[PSDLO]] || '''[[Mary Bradley]]'''|| 7.05%|| 2,891 ||2,900.92 ||2,984.08 ||3,101.68 ||3,223.08 ||3,582.88 ||3,920.92 ||4,088.64 ||4,375.64 ||'''4,418.57''' |- | style="background:{{Páirtí Sóisialta Daonlathach an Lucht Oibre/meta/color}};" | || [[PSDLO]] || [[Helen Quigley]]|| 6.45% ||2,648 ||2,660.8 ||2,752.12 ||2,963.32 ||3,154.36 ||3,520.2 ||3,949.08 ||4,072.6 ||4,277.6 ||4,314.05 |- | style="background:{{Sinn Féin/meta/color}};" | || [[Sinn Féin]] || Lynn Fleming||7.10% ||2,914 ||2,914.96 ||2,938.12 ||2,951.32 ||3,036.4 ||3,231.2 ||3,240.24 || || || |- | style="background:{{Páirtí Aontachtach Uladh/meta/color}};" | || [[PAU]] || Peter Munce ||4.33% ||1,755 ||2,691.32 ||2,853.36 ||2,861.52 ||2,862.68 ||2,920.56|| || || || |- | style="background:{{People Before Profit Alliance/meta/color}};"| || [[Comhghuaillíocht an Phobail roimh Bhrabús|Sóisialaí Comhshaoil]] || [[Eamonn McCann]] ||4.98% ||2,045 ||2,053.32 ||2,167.8 ||2,187.4 ||2,775.04|| || || || || |- | style="background:{{Independent Republican (Ireland)/meta/color}};" | || [[Poblachtachas Éireannach|Poblachtach]] [[Neamhspleáchas (polaitíocht)|neamhspleách]] || [[Peatsaí Ó hEadhra|Peggy O'Hara]]||4.36% ||1,789 ||1,789.48 ||1,808.48 ||1,811.68 || || || || || || |- | style="background:{{Comhaontas Glas/meta/color}};" | || |[[Páirtí Glas Thuaisceart Éireann|Páirtí Glas (TÉ)]] ||Adele Corry|| 0.87% ||359 ||365.56|| || || || || || || || |- | style="background:{{Páirtí Comhghuaillíochta Thuaisceart Éireann/meta/color}};" | || |[[Páirtí Comhghuaillíochta Thuaisceart Éireann|Comhaontas]] || Yvonne Boyle|| 0.55%|| 224 ||231.52 || || || || || || || || |- | style="background:{{Aontachtaí neamhspleách/meta/color}};" | || [[Aontachtaí]] neamhspleách ||[[Willie Frazer]] ||0.18% ||73 ||99.72 || || || || || || || || |- | align=left colspan=17|'''Toghthóirí: '''64,889 ''' Bailí: '''41,036''' Millte: '''419''' Cuóta: '''5,863''' Vótóirí: '''41,455 (63.89%) ''' |} ====2003==== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:95%; line-height:16px;" |- ! align=center colspan=17| [[Toghchán Chomhthionól Thuaisceart Éireann 2003|Toghchán Chomhthionól 2003]]: An Feabhal |- ! align=center colspan=2| Páirtí !! Iarrthóir !! Scair !! Comhair 1 !! Comhair 2 !! Comhair 3 !! Comhair 4 !! Comhair 5 !! Comhair 6 !! Comhair 7 !! Comhair 8 !! Comhair 9 |- | style="background:{{Páirtí Sóisialta Daonlathach an Lucht Oibre/meta/color}};" | || [[PSDLO]] || '''[[Mark Durkan]]''' ||16.68% ||'''6,806'''|| || || || || || || || |- | style="background:{{Páirtí Aontachtach Daonlathach/meta/color}};" | || [[PAD]] || '''[[William Hay]]''' ||14.95%|| '''6,101 '''|| || || || || || || || |- | style="background:{{Sinn Féin/meta/color}};" | || [[Sinn Féin]] || '''[[Mitchel McLaughlin]]'''|| 14.79% ||'''6,036'''|| || || || || || || || |- | style="background:{{Páirtí Sóisialta Daonlathach an Lucht Oibre/meta/color}};" | || [[PSDLO]] || '''[[Mary Bradley]]'''|| 8.20%|| 3,345 ||3,599.24 ||3,600.44 ||3,603.32 ||3,830.75 ||4,758.76 ||5,256.63 ||'''5,930.63'''|| |- | style="background:{{Páirtí Sóisialta Daonlathach an Lucht Oibre/meta/color}};" | || [[PSDLO]] || '''[[Pat Ramsey]]'''|| 6.93% ||2,826 ||3,166.62 ||3,169.02 ||3,173.88 ||3,334.15 ||4,178.08 ||4,679.06 ||5,697.56 ||'''5,764.2''' |- | style="background:{{Sinn Féin/meta/color}};" | || [[Sinn Féin]] || '''[[Mary Nelis]]'''|| 8.57% ||3,499 ||3,534.7 ||3,534.94 ||3,642.61 ||3,726.27 ||3,784.01 ||4,338.24 ||4,350.99 ||'''4,351.27''' |- | style="background:{{Sinn Féin/meta/color}};" | || [[Sinn Féin]] || [[Raymond McCartney]]|| 9.02% ||3,679 ||3,701.12 ||3,701.24 ||3,754.25 ||3,818.43 ||3,882.87 ||4,324.4 ||4,341.4 ||4,342.8 |- | style="background:{{Páirtí Aontachtach Uladh/meta/color}};" | || [[PAU]] || Mary Hamilton|| 8.14% ||3,322 ||3,332.5 ||3,536.82 ||3,536.94 ||3,720.32 ||3,750.22 ||3,805.01|| || |- | style="background:{{People Before Profit Alliance/meta/color}};"| || [[Comhghuaillíocht an Phobail roimh Bhrabús|Sóisialaí Comhshaoil]] || [[Eamonn McCann]] ||5.53% ||2,257 ||2,288.64 ||2,289.68 ||2,294.51 ||2,488.09 ||2,586.03 || || || |- | style="background:{{Páirtí Sóisialta Daonlathach an Lucht Oibre/meta/color}};" | || [[PSDLO]] || [[Gerard Diver]]|| 4.34% ||1,769 ||1,978.3 ||1,979.94 ||1,982.43 ||2,152.55|| || || || |- | style="background:{{Neamhspleách/meta/color}};" | || Neamhspleách ||[[Annie Courtney]] ||1.97% ||802 ||835.18 ||843.26 ||845.57 || || || || |- | style="background:{{Páirtí Comhghuaillíochta Thuaisceart Éireann/meta/color}};" | || |[[Páirtí Comhghuaillíochta Thuaisceart Éireann|Comhaontas]] || Alan Castle ||0.56% ||227 ||231.62 ||233.14 ||233.26 || || || || || |- | style="background:{{Neamhspleách/meta/color}};" | || Neamhspleách || Danny McBrearty ||0.34%||137 ||140.64 ||141.16 ||141.55|| || || || || |- | align=left colspan=17|'''Toghthóirí: '''65,303 ''' Bailí: '''40,806''' Millte: '''630''' Cuóta: '''5,830''' Vótóirí: '''41,436(63.45%) ''' |} ====1998==== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:95%; line-height:16px;" |- ! align=center colspan=17| [[Toghchán Chomhthionól Thuaisceart Éireann 1998|Toghchán Chomhthionól 1998]]: An Feabhal |- ! align=center colspan=2| Páirtí !! Iarrthóir !! Scair !! Comhair 1 !! Comhair 2 !! Comhair 3 !! Comhair 4 !! Comhair 5 !! Comhair 6 !! Comhair 7 !! Comhair 8 |- | style="background:{{Páirtí Sóisialta Daonlathach an Lucht Oibre/meta/color}};" | || [[PSDLO]] || '''[[John Hume]]'''|| 25.78% ||'''12,581'''|| || || || || || || |- | style="background:{{Sinn Féin/meta/color}};" | || [[Sinn Féin]] || '''[[Mitchel McLaughlin]]'''|| 10.95% ||5,341 ||5,867.5 ||5,977 ||6,007.9 ||'''7,042.9'''|| || || |- | style="background:{{Páirtí Sóisialta Daonlathach an Lucht Oibre/meta/color}};" | || [[PSDLO]] || '''[[Mark Durkan]]''' ||9.06% ||4,423 ||6,403 ||6,523.4 ||6,812.9 ||6,873.65 ||'''6,979.9'''|| || |- | style="background:{{Páirtí Sóisialta Daonlathach an Lucht Oibre/meta/color}};" | || [[PSDLO]] || '''[[John Tierney]]'''|| 7.74%|| 3,778 ||5,295.4 ||5,349.65 ||5,457.2 ||5,494.6 ||5,600.6 ||'''7,812.6'''|| |- | style="background:{{Sinn Féin/meta/color}};" | || [[Sinn Féin]] || '''[[Mary Nelis]]'''|| 7.10%|| 3,464 ||3,592.25 ||3,643.2 ||3,659.35 ||3,838.3 ||6,210.2 ||6,593.85 ||'''7,171.85''' |- | style="background:{{Páirtí Aontachtach Daonlathach/meta/color}};" | || [[PAD]] || '''[[William Hay]]''' ||12.53% ||6,112 ||6,128.2 ||6,240.45 ||6,293.8 ||6,295.8 ||6,296.8 ||6,315.25 ||'''6,322.25''' |- | style="background:{{Páirtí Aontachtach Uladh/meta/color}};" | || [[PAU]] || [[Jack Allen]]|| 9.57% ||4,669 ||4,714.9 ||4,920.05 ||5,353.7 ||5,354.6 ||5,355.6 ||5,501.25 ||5,698.25 |- | style="background:{{Páirtí Sóisialta Daonlathach an Lucht Oibre/meta/color}};" | || [[PSDLO]] || [[Annie Courtney]]|| 5.25%|| 2,560 ||3,442 ||3,517.55 ||3,760.95 ||3,813.3 ||3,843.05|| || |- | style="background:{{Sinn Féin/meta/color}};" | || [[Sinn Féin]] || Gearóid Ó hEára|| 5.19% ||2,531 ||2,608.4 ||2,638.1 ||2,654.9 ||2,733.55 || || || |- | style="background:{{Sinn Féin/meta/color}};" | || [[Sinn Féin]] || Lynn Fleming|| 2.79% ||1,360 ||1,460.8 ||1,518.55 ||1,530.8|| || || || |- | style="background:{{Páirtí Comhghuaillíochta Thuaisceart Éireann/meta/color}};" | || |[[Páirtí Comhghuaillíochta Thuaisceart Éireann|Comhaontas]] || Colm Cavanagh ||2.17% ||1,058 ||1,200.65 ||1,347.35|| || || || || |- | style="background:{{Páirtí an Lucht Oibre (Tuaisceart Éireann)/meta/color}};" | || [[Páirtí an Lucht Oibre TÉ]] || Ken Adams|| 0.71% ||345 ||403.95 || || || || || || |- | style="background:{{Páirtí Aontachtach Forásach Urgharda/meta/color}};" | || [[An Páirtí Aontachtach Forásach|PAF]] || Brian Gurney|| 0.59% ||287 ||305|| || || || || || |- | style="background:{{Comhaontas Glas/meta/color}};" | || |[[Páirtí Glas Thuaisceart Éireann|Páirtí Glas (TÉ)]] ||Peter MacKenzie|| 0.52% ||253 ||294.85 || || || || || || |- |style="background:{{Natural Law Party (Ireland)/meta/color}};"| || | [[Dlí Nádúrtha]] || Donn Brennan|| 0.07% ||32 ||36.5 || || || || || || |- | align=left colspan=17|'''Toghthóirí: '''68,888 ''' Bailí: '''48,794''' Millte: '''810''' Cuóta: '''6,971''' Vótóirí: '''49,604(72.01%) ''' |} ===Fóram 1996=== == Tagairtí == {{reflist}} {{stumpa}} {{Teimpléad:Tionól Thuaisceart Éireann}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Feabhal, An}} [[Catagóir:Polaitíocht Thuaisceart Éireann]] [[Catagóir:Tionól Thuaisceart Éireann]] 2e6iljvg696ur9jav64xknid6vqiw5y 1321801 1321798 2026-07-27T09:44:04Z Conradder 34685 /* Fóram 1996 */ 1321801 wikitext text/x-wiki {{WD Bosca Geografaíocht Pholaitiúil}} Is toghcheantar tionóil é '''An Feabhal''' ar [[Tionól Thuaisceart Éireann|Thionól Thuaisceart Éireann]] (Béarla: ''Foyle''). D'úsáideadh an suíochán den chéad uair i dtoghchán do [[Tuaisceart Éireann|Thuaisceart Éireann]] amháin, d’[[Fóram Thuaisceart Éireann|Fhóram Thuaisceart Éireann]] i 1996. Ó 1998, tá baill tofa aige don Tionól reatha. == Baill == ''* ón 13 Aibreán 2026 amach'' {| class="wikitable sortable" style="width: 600px;" |- ! colspan="2" | Ball !! Páirtí |- |scope="row" style="background:{{Páirtí Sóisialta Daonlathach an Lucht Oibre/meta/color}};"| |[[Mark H. Durkan]] |[[PSDLO]] |- |scope="row" style="background:{{Páirtí Sóisialta Daonlathach an Lucht Oibre/meta/color}};"| |[[Sinéad McLaughlin]] |[[PSDLO]] |- |scope="row" style="background:{{Páirtí Aontachtach Daonlathach/meta/color}};"| | [[Julie Middleton]] | [[PAD]] |- |scope="row" style="background:{{Sinn Féin/meta/color}};"| | [[Pádraig Delargy]] | [[Sinn Féin]] |- |scope="row" style="background:{{Sinn Féin/meta/color}};"| | [[Ciara Ferguson]] | [[Sinn Féin]] |} == Toghcháin == === Tionól Thuaisceart Éireann === ====2022==== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:95%; line-height:16px;" |- ! align=center colspan=17| [[Toghchán Chomhthionól Thuaisceart Éireann 2022|Toghchán Chomhthionól 2022]]: An Feabhal <ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.niassembly.gov.uk/globalassets/documents/raise/publications/2017-2022/2022/2422.pdf|teideal=Election Report: Northern Ireland Assembly Election, 5 May 2022|work=NI Assembly|dátarochtana=03 Iúil 2026|údar=Dr Raymond Russe|dáta=11 Bealtaine 2022|format=PDF|language=Béarla}}</ref> |- ! align=center colspan=2| Páirtí !! Iarrthóir !! Scair !! Comhair 1 !! Comhair 2 !! Comhair 3 !! Comhair 4 !! Comhair 5 !! Comhair 6 !! Comhair 7 !! Comhair 8!! Comhair 9 !! Comhair 10 !! Comhair 11 !! Comhair 12 !! Comhair 13 |- | style="background:{{Sinn Féin/meta/color}};" | || [[Sinn Féin]] || '''[[Pádraig Delargy]]''' ||20.20% ||'''9,471''' || || || || || || || || || || || || |- | style="background:{{Páirtí Sóisialta Daonlathach an Lucht Oibre/meta/color}};" | || [[PSDLO]] || '''[[Mark H. Durkan]]''' || 17.06% || '''7,999'''|| || || || || || || || || || || || |- | style="background:{{Sinn Féin/meta/color}};" | || [[Sinn Féin]] || '''[[Ciara Ferguson]]''' ||12.61% ||5,913 ||7,237 ||7,248 ||7,257 ||7,257 ||7,373 ||7,424 ||7,630 ||'''7,873'''|| || || || |- | style="background:{{Páirtí Sóisialta Daonlathach an Lucht Oibre/meta/color}};" | || [[PSDLO]] || '''[[Sinéad McLaughlin|Sinead McLaughlin]]'''|| 6.80%|| 3,189 ||3,250 ||3,269 ||3,358 ||3,359 ||3,410 ||3,449 ||4,236 ||4,411 ||4,432 ||7,490 ||'''8,605'''|| |- | style="background:{{Páirtí Aontachtach Daonlathach/meta/color}};" | || [[PAD]] || '''[[Gary Middleton]]'''|| 8.75%|| 4,101 ||4,101 ||4,108 ||4,109 ||4,391 ||4,392 ||4,428 ||4,478 ||4,654 ||4,655 ||4,675 ||4,713 ||'''4,731''' |- | style="background:{{Páirtí Aontachtach Uladh/meta/color}};" | || [[PAU]] || Ryan McCready ||7.98% ||3,744 ||3,746 ||3,752 ||3,754 ||3,948 ||3,950 ||3,961 ||4,244 ||4,282 ||4,283 ||4,326 ||4,515 ||4,635 |- | style="background:{{People Before Profit Alliance/meta/color}};"| || [[Comhghuaillíocht an Phobail roimh Bhrabús|Pobail roimh Bhrabús]] || Shaun Harkin ||5.59% ||2,621 ||2,672 ||2,741 ||2,751 ||2,754 ||2,902 ||3,014 ||3,446 ||4,011 ||4,033 ||4,264 || || |- | style="background:{{Páirtí Sóisialta Daonlathach an Lucht Oibre/meta/color}};" | || [[PSDLO]] || Brian Tierney|| 6.98% ||3,272 ||3,293 ||3,307 ||3,333 ||3,333 ||3,413 ||3,448 ||3,709 ||3,951 ||3,967|| || || |- | style="background:{{Aontú/meta/color}};" | || [[Aontú]] || Emmet Doyle ||4.26% ||2,000 ||2,041 ||2,045 ||2,049 ||2,050 ||2,176 ||2,609 ||2,697|| || || || || |- | style="background:{{Páirtí Comhghuaillíochta Thuaisceart Éireann/meta/color}};" | || |[[Páirtí Comhghuaillíochta Thuaisceart Éireann|Comhaontas]] || Rachael Ferguson ||4.73% ||2,220 ||2,274 ||2,333 ||2,346 ||2,351 ||2,368 ||2,404 || || || || || || |- | style="background:{{Neamhspleách/meta/color}};" | || Neamhspleách || Anne McCloskey ||1.82% ||854 ||864 ||869 ||870 ||877 ||946|| || || || || || || |- | style="background:{{Irish Republican Socialist Party/meta/color}}"| ||[[Páirtí Poblachtach Sóisialach na hÉireann|PPSÉ]] ||Colly McLaughlin ||1.63% ||766 ||782 ||784 ||786 ||786|| || || || || || || || |- | style="background:{{Glór Traidisiúnta na nAontachtaithe/meta/color}};"| || [[Glór Traidisiúnta Aontachtach|GTA]] || Elizabeth Neely ||1.06% ||499 ||499 ||502 ||502 || || || || || || || || || |- | style="background:{{Comhaontas Glas/meta/color}};" | || |[[Páirtí Glas Thuaisceart Éireann|Páirtí Glas (TÉ)]] ||Gillian Hamilton ||0.45% ||215 ||219 || || || || || || || || || || || |- | align=left colspan=17|'''Toghthóirí:''' 77,343 '''bailí:''' 46,864 '''Millte:''' 810 '''Cuóta:''' 7,811 '''Vótóirí:''' 47,674 (61.64%) ''' |} ====2017==== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:95%; line-height:16px;" |- ! align=center colspan=17| [[Toghchán Chomhthionól Thuaisceart Éireann 2017|Toghchán Chomhthionól 2017]]: An Feabhal |- ! align=center colspan=2| Páirtí !! Iarrthóir !! Scair !! Comhair 1 !! Comhair 2 !! Comhair 3 !! Comhair 4 !! Comhair 5 !! Comhair 6 |- | style="background:{{Sinn Féin/meta/color}};" | || [[Sinn Féin]] || '''[[Elisha McCallion]]'''|| 20.63% ||'''9,205'''|| || || || || |- | style="background:{{Sinn Féin/meta/color}};" | || [[Sinn Féin]] || '''[[Raymond McCartney]]'''|| 16.01% ||7,145 ||'''8,608.76'''|| || || || |- | style="background:{{Páirtí Sóisialta Daonlathach an Lucht Oibre/meta/color}};" | || [[PSDLO]] || '''[[Colum Eastwood]]''' ||16.23% ||7,240 ||7,332.53 ||'''7,595.3'''|| || || |- | style="background:{{Páirtí Sóisialta Daonlathach an Lucht Oibre/meta/color}};" | || [[PSDLO]] || '''[[Mark H. Durkan]]''' || 15.57%|| 6,948 ||7,023.05 ||7,275.56 ||7,380.68 ||'''8,413.68'''|| |- | style="background:{{Páirtí Aontachtach Daonlathach/meta/color}};" | || [[PAD]] || '''[[Gary Middleton]]'''|| 13.39% ||5,975 ||5,975 ||5,976.71 ||6,008.09 ||6,902.37 ||'''7,036.37''' |- | style="background:{{People Before Profit Alliance/meta/color}};"| || [[Comhghuaillíocht an Phobail roimh Bhrabús|Pobail roimh Bhrabús]] || [[ Eamonn McCann]] ||10.67||4,760 ||4,850.63 ||5,086.8 ||5,291.63 ||5,922.16 ||6,373.16 |- | style="background:{{Páirtí Aontachtach Uladh/meta/color}};" | || [[PAU]] || Julia Kee ||3.72% ||1,660 ||1,661.52 ||1,668.93 ||1,704.5 || || |- | style="background:{{Páirtí Comhghuaillíochta Thuaisceart Éireann/meta/color}};" | || |[[Páirtí Comhghuaillíochta Thuaisceart Éireann|Comhaontas]] || Colm Cavanagh ||2.52% ||1,124 ||1,132.93 ||1,179.67 ||1,295.22 || || |- | style="background:{{Comhaontas Glas/meta/color}};" | || |[[Páirtí Glas Thuaisceart Éireann|Páirtí Glas (TÉ)]] ||Shannon Downey|| 0.54% ||242 ||244.09 ||264.42 || || || |- | style="background:{{CISTA/meta/color}}"| ||''[[Citizens Independent Social Thought Alliance]]'' ||John Lindsay||0.44% ||196 ||199.61 ||225.45|| || || |- | style="background:#0000FF;"| || [[Coimeádaigh Thuaisceart Éireann|Páirtí Coimeádach (TÉ)]] || Stuart Canning|| 0.17% ||77 ||77.19 ||78.9|| || || |- | style="background:{{Neamhspleách/meta/color}};" | || Neamhspleách ||Arthur McGuinness|| 0.10%|| 44|| 44.57 ||56.35|| || || |- | align=left colspan=17|'''Toghthóirí:''' 69,718 ''' Bailí:''' 44,616'''Millte:''' 701'''Cuóta:''' 7,437'''Vótóirí:''' 45,317(65.00%) ''' |} ====2016==== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:95%; line-height:16px;" |- ! align=center colspan=17| [[Toghchán Chomhthionól Thuaisceart Éireann 2016|Toghchán Chomhthionól 2016]]: An Feabhal |- ! align=center colspan=2| Páirtí !! Iarrthóir !! Scair !! Comhair 1 !! Comhair 2 !! Comhair 3 !! Comhair 4 !! Comhair 5 !! Comhair 6 !! Comhair 7 !! Comhair 8 |- | style="background:{{Páirtí Aontachtach Daonlathach/meta/color}};" | || [[PAD]] || '''[[Gary Middleton]]'''|| 11.93% ||4,737 ||4,770 ||4,772 ||'''6,641'''|| || || || |- | style="background:{{Sinn Féin/meta/color}};" | || [[Sinn Féin]] || '''[[Raymond McCartney]]'''|| 8.06% ||3,198 ||3,220 ||3,270 ||3,271 ||3,274 ||'''5,676''' || || |- | style="background:{{Páirtí Sóisialta Daonlathach an Lucht Oibre/meta/color}};" | || [[PSDLO]] || '''[[Mark H. Durkan]]''' || 10.57% ||4,197 ||4,268 ||4,395 ||4,527 ||4,744 ||4,801 ||'''6,905 '''|| |- | style="background:{{Páirtí Sóisialta Daonlathach an Lucht Oibre/meta/color}};" | || [[PSDLO]] || '''[[Colum Eastwood]]'''|| 12.59%|| 5,000 ||5,069 ||5,111 ||5,217 ||5,376 ||5,401 ||'''5,804''' || |- | style="background:{{Sinn Féin/meta/color}};" | || [[Sinn Féin]] || '''[[Martin McGuinness]]'''|| 12.69% ||5,037 ||5,070 ||5,168 ||5,175 ||5,176 ||5,656 ||'''5,712''' || |- | style="background:{{People Before Profit Alliance/meta/color}};"| || [[Comhghuaillíocht an Phobail roimh Bhrabús|Pobail roimh Bhrabús]] || '''[[Eamonn McCann]]'''' ||10.52%|| 4,176 ||4,354 ||4,551 ||4,635 ||4,720 ||4,779 ||4,927 ||'''5,394''' |- | style="background:{{Neamhspleách/meta/color}};" | || Neamhspleách ||Anne McCloskey ||8.59% ||3,410 ||3,484 ||3,683 ||3,754 ||3,832 ||3,886 ||3,974 ||4,227 |- | style="background:{{Páirtí Sóisialta Daonlathach an Lucht Oibre/meta/color}};" | || [[PSDLO]] || [[Gerard Diver]]|| 6.80% ||2,700 ||2,743 ||2,797 ||2,974 ||3,239 ||3,249|| || |- | style="background:{{Sinn Féin/meta/color}};" | || [[Sinn Féin]] || [[Maeve McLaughlin]]|| 7.71% ||3,062 ||3,072 ||3,114 ||3,114 ||3,114 || || || |- | style="background:{{Páirtí Aontachtach Uladh/meta/color}};" | || [[PAU]] || Julia Kee ||3.58%|| 1,420 ||1,477 ||1,484|| || || || || |- | style="background:{{Neamhspleách/meta/color}};" | || Neamhspleách ||[[Maurice Devenney]]||2.95% ||1,173 ||1,190 ||1,213|| || || || || |- | style="background:{{Neamhspleách/meta/color}};" | || Neamhspleách ||Kathleen Bradley|| 2.27% ||902 ||928|| || || || || || |- | style="background:{{CISTA/meta/color}}"| ||[[CISTA]] ||John Lindsay|| 0.65% ||259 || || || || || || || |- | style="background:{{Páirtí Comhghuaillíochta Thuaisceart Éireann/meta/color}};" | || |[[Páirtí Comhghuaillíochta Thuaisceart Éireann|Comhaontas]] || Chris McCaw|| 0.60%|| 238|| || || || || || || |- | style="background:{{Comhaontas Glas/meta/color}};" | || |[[Páirtí Glas Thuaisceart Éireann|Páirtí Glas (TÉ)]] ||Mary Hassan ||0.40% ||157|| || || || || || || |- | style="background:#0000FF;"| || [[Coimeádaigh Thuaisceart Éireann|Páirtí Coimeádach (TÉ)]] || Alan Dunlop|| 0.09% ||36|| || || || || || || |- | align=left colspan=17|'''Toghthóirí: '''71.759 ''' Bailí: '''39,702''' Millte: '''485''' Cuóta: '''5,672''' Vótóirí: '''40,187(56.00%) ''' |} ====2011==== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:95%; line-height:16px;" |- ! align=center colspan=17| [[Toghchán Chomhthionól Thuaisceart Éireann 2011|Toghchán Chomhthionól 2011]]: An Feabhal |- ! align=center colspan=2| Páirtí !! Iarrthóir !! Scair !! Comhair 1 !! Comhair 2 !! Comhair 3 !! Comhair 4 !! Comhair 5 !! Comhair 6 !! Comhair 7 |- | style="background:{{Páirtí Aontachtach Daonlathach/meta/color}};" | || [[PAD]] || '''[[William Hay]]''' ||18.42% ||'''7,154 '''|| || || || || || |- | style="background:{{Sinn Féin/meta/color}};" | || [[Sinn Féin]] || '''[[Martina Anderson]]'''|| 17.89% ||'''6,950'''|| || || || || || |- | style="background:{{Páirtí Sóisialta Daonlathach an Lucht Oibre/meta/color}};" | || [[PSDLO]] || '''[[Mark H. Durkan]]''' || 12.79% ||4,970 ||5,382.28 ||5,484.28 ||'''5,794.28'''|| || || |- | style="background:{{Sinn Féin/meta/color}};" | || [[Sinn Féin]] || '''[[Raymond McCartney]]'''|| 9.36% ||3,638 ||3,641.96 ||3,904.16 ||4,043.96 ||4,102.36 ||4,116.36 ||'''6,245.36''' |- | style="background:{{Páirtí Sóisialta Daonlathach an Lucht Oibre/meta/color}};" | || [[PSDLO]] || '''[[Colum Eastwood]]'''|| 7.64%|| 2,967 ||3,069.08 ||3,101.08 ||3,402.8 ||5,376.76 ||5,500.76 ||'''5,562.76''' |- | style="background:{{Páirtí Sóisialta Daonlathach an Lucht Oibre/meta/color}};" | || [[PSDLO]] || '''[[Pat Ramsey]]'''|| 8.08% ||3,138 ||3,682.72 ||3,716.52 ||4,088.72 ||4,554.32 ||4,626.32 ||'''4,875.92''' |- | style="background:{{People Before Profit Alliance/meta/color}};"| || [[Comhghuaillíocht an Phobail roimh Bhrabús|Pobail roimh Bhrabús]] || [[Eamonn McCann]] ||8.03%|| 3,120 ||3,208.88 ||3,255.48 ||3,587.12 ||3,697.8 ||3,719.8 ||3,915.68 |- | style="background:{{Sinn Féin/meta/color}};" | || [[Sinn Féin]] || Paul Fleming ||6.72% ||2,612 ||2,615.96 ||3,433.56 ||3,502.64 ||3,607.08 ||3,615.08|| |- | style="background:{{Páirtí Sóisialta Daonlathach an Lucht Oibre/meta/color}};" | || [[PSDLO]] || [[Pól Callaghan]]|| 6.75% ||2,624 ||2,691.32 ||2,730.12 ||2,890.56 || || || |- | style="background:{{Neamhspleách/meta/color}};" | || Neamhspleách || Paul McFadden|| 3.29% ||1,280 ||1,336.32 ||1,352.72 || || || || |- | style="background:{{Páirtí Comhghuaillíochta Thuaisceart Éireann/meta/color}};" | || |[[Páirtí Comhghuaillíochta Thuaisceart Éireann|Comhaontas]] || Keith McGrellis ||0.86% ||334 ||621.32 ||621.72 || || || || |- | style="background:{{Neamhspleách/meta/color}};" | || Neamhspleách ||Terry Doherty ||0.15% ||60 ||79.36 ||81.96 || || || || |- | align=left colspan=17|'''Toghthóirí: '''68,663 ''' Bailí: '''38,847 ''' Millte: '''839''' Cuóta: '''5,550''' Vótóirí: '''39,686 (57.80%) ''' |} ====2007==== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:95%; line-height:16px;" |- ! align=center colspan=17| [[Toghchán Chomhthionól Thuaisceart Éireann 2007|Toghchán Chomhthionól 2007]]: An Feabhal |- ! align=center colspan=2| Páirtí !! Iarrthóir !! Scair !! Comhair 1 !! Comhair 2 !! Comhair 3 !! Comhair 4 !! Comhair 5 !! Comhair 6 !! Comhair 7 !! Comhair 8 !! Comhair 9 !! Comhair 10 |- | style="background:{{Páirtí Aontachtach Daonlathach/meta/color}};" | || [[PAD]] || '''[[William Hay]]''' ||16.96%|| '''6,960'''|| || || || || || || || || |- | style="background:{{Páirtí Sóisialta Daonlathach an Lucht Oibre/meta/color}};" | || [[PSDLO]] || '''[[Mark Durkan]]''' ||15.60% ||'''6,401'''|| || || || || || || || || |- | style="background:{{Sinn Féin/meta/color}};" | || [[Sinn Féin]] || '''[[Martina Anderson]]'''|| 13.19%|| 5,414 ||5,415.28 ||5,448.6 ||5,461.96 ||5,611.04 ||'''5,972.04'''|| || || || |- | style="background:{{Sinn Féin/meta/color}};" | || [[Sinn Féin]] || '''[[Raymond McCartney]]'''|| 10.53% ||4,321 ||4,325.48 ||4,341.48 ||4,358.92 ||4,565.08 ||4,871.36 ||4,883.4 ||'''7,275.4'''|| || |- | style="background:{{Páirtí Sóisialta Daonlathach an Lucht Oibre/meta/color}};" | || [[PSDLO]] || '''[[Pat Ramsey]]'''|| 7.90% ||3,242 ||3,279.44 ||3,356.04 ||3,458.44 ||3,617.24 ||4,018.84 ||4,826.28 ||5,049.64 ||5,367.64 ||'''5,395.99''' |- | style="background:{{Páirtí Sóisialta Daonlathach an Lucht Oibre/meta/color}};" | || [[PSDLO]] || '''[[Mary Bradley]]'''|| 7.05%|| 2,891 ||2,900.92 ||2,984.08 ||3,101.68 ||3,223.08 ||3,582.88 ||3,920.92 ||4,088.64 ||4,375.64 ||'''4,418.57''' |- | style="background:{{Páirtí Sóisialta Daonlathach an Lucht Oibre/meta/color}};" | || [[PSDLO]] || [[Helen Quigley]]|| 6.45% ||2,648 ||2,660.8 ||2,752.12 ||2,963.32 ||3,154.36 ||3,520.2 ||3,949.08 ||4,072.6 ||4,277.6 ||4,314.05 |- | style="background:{{Sinn Féin/meta/color}};" | || [[Sinn Féin]] || Lynn Fleming||7.10% ||2,914 ||2,914.96 ||2,938.12 ||2,951.32 ||3,036.4 ||3,231.2 ||3,240.24 || || || |- | style="background:{{Páirtí Aontachtach Uladh/meta/color}};" | || [[PAU]] || Peter Munce ||4.33% ||1,755 ||2,691.32 ||2,853.36 ||2,861.52 ||2,862.68 ||2,920.56|| || || || |- | style="background:{{People Before Profit Alliance/meta/color}};"| || [[Comhghuaillíocht an Phobail roimh Bhrabús|Sóisialaí Comhshaoil]] || [[Eamonn McCann]] ||4.98% ||2,045 ||2,053.32 ||2,167.8 ||2,187.4 ||2,775.04|| || || || || |- | style="background:{{Independent Republican (Ireland)/meta/color}};" | || [[Poblachtachas Éireannach|Poblachtach]] [[Neamhspleáchas (polaitíocht)|neamhspleách]] || [[Peatsaí Ó hEadhra|Peggy O'Hara]]||4.36% ||1,789 ||1,789.48 ||1,808.48 ||1,811.68 || || || || || || |- | style="background:{{Comhaontas Glas/meta/color}};" | || |[[Páirtí Glas Thuaisceart Éireann|Páirtí Glas (TÉ)]] ||Adele Corry|| 0.87% ||359 ||365.56|| || || || || || || || |- | style="background:{{Páirtí Comhghuaillíochta Thuaisceart Éireann/meta/color}};" | || |[[Páirtí Comhghuaillíochta Thuaisceart Éireann|Comhaontas]] || Yvonne Boyle|| 0.55%|| 224 ||231.52 || || || || || || || || |- | style="background:{{Aontachtaí neamhspleách/meta/color}};" | || [[Aontachtaí]] neamhspleách ||[[Willie Frazer]] ||0.18% ||73 ||99.72 || || || || || || || || |- | align=left colspan=17|'''Toghthóirí: '''64,889 ''' Bailí: '''41,036''' Millte: '''419''' Cuóta: '''5,863''' Vótóirí: '''41,455 (63.89%) ''' |} ====2003==== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:95%; line-height:16px;" |- ! align=center colspan=17| [[Toghchán Chomhthionól Thuaisceart Éireann 2003|Toghchán Chomhthionól 2003]]: An Feabhal |- ! align=center colspan=2| Páirtí !! Iarrthóir !! Scair !! Comhair 1 !! Comhair 2 !! Comhair 3 !! Comhair 4 !! Comhair 5 !! Comhair 6 !! Comhair 7 !! Comhair 8 !! Comhair 9 |- | style="background:{{Páirtí Sóisialta Daonlathach an Lucht Oibre/meta/color}};" | || [[PSDLO]] || '''[[Mark Durkan]]''' ||16.68% ||'''6,806'''|| || || || || || || || |- | style="background:{{Páirtí Aontachtach Daonlathach/meta/color}};" | || [[PAD]] || '''[[William Hay]]''' ||14.95%|| '''6,101 '''|| || || || || || || || |- | style="background:{{Sinn Féin/meta/color}};" | || [[Sinn Féin]] || '''[[Mitchel McLaughlin]]'''|| 14.79% ||'''6,036'''|| || || || || || || || |- | style="background:{{Páirtí Sóisialta Daonlathach an Lucht Oibre/meta/color}};" | || [[PSDLO]] || '''[[Mary Bradley]]'''|| 8.20%|| 3,345 ||3,599.24 ||3,600.44 ||3,603.32 ||3,830.75 ||4,758.76 ||5,256.63 ||'''5,930.63'''|| |- | style="background:{{Páirtí Sóisialta Daonlathach an Lucht Oibre/meta/color}};" | || [[PSDLO]] || '''[[Pat Ramsey]]'''|| 6.93% ||2,826 ||3,166.62 ||3,169.02 ||3,173.88 ||3,334.15 ||4,178.08 ||4,679.06 ||5,697.56 ||'''5,764.2''' |- | style="background:{{Sinn Féin/meta/color}};" | || [[Sinn Féin]] || '''[[Mary Nelis]]'''|| 8.57% ||3,499 ||3,534.7 ||3,534.94 ||3,642.61 ||3,726.27 ||3,784.01 ||4,338.24 ||4,350.99 ||'''4,351.27''' |- | style="background:{{Sinn Féin/meta/color}};" | || [[Sinn Féin]] || [[Raymond McCartney]]|| 9.02% ||3,679 ||3,701.12 ||3,701.24 ||3,754.25 ||3,818.43 ||3,882.87 ||4,324.4 ||4,341.4 ||4,342.8 |- | style="background:{{Páirtí Aontachtach Uladh/meta/color}};" | || [[PAU]] || Mary Hamilton|| 8.14% ||3,322 ||3,332.5 ||3,536.82 ||3,536.94 ||3,720.32 ||3,750.22 ||3,805.01|| || |- | style="background:{{People Before Profit Alliance/meta/color}};"| || [[Comhghuaillíocht an Phobail roimh Bhrabús|Sóisialaí Comhshaoil]] || [[Eamonn McCann]] ||5.53% ||2,257 ||2,288.64 ||2,289.68 ||2,294.51 ||2,488.09 ||2,586.03 || || || |- | style="background:{{Páirtí Sóisialta Daonlathach an Lucht Oibre/meta/color}};" | || [[PSDLO]] || [[Gerard Diver]]|| 4.34% ||1,769 ||1,978.3 ||1,979.94 ||1,982.43 ||2,152.55|| || || || |- | style="background:{{Neamhspleách/meta/color}};" | || Neamhspleách ||[[Annie Courtney]] ||1.97% ||802 ||835.18 ||843.26 ||845.57 || || || || |- | style="background:{{Páirtí Comhghuaillíochta Thuaisceart Éireann/meta/color}};" | || |[[Páirtí Comhghuaillíochta Thuaisceart Éireann|Comhaontas]] || Alan Castle ||0.56% ||227 ||231.62 ||233.14 ||233.26 || || || || || |- | style="background:{{Neamhspleách/meta/color}};" | || Neamhspleách || Danny McBrearty ||0.34%||137 ||140.64 ||141.16 ||141.55|| || || || || |- | align=left colspan=17|'''Toghthóirí: '''65,303 ''' Bailí: '''40,806''' Millte: '''630''' Cuóta: '''5,830''' Vótóirí: '''41,436(63.45%) ''' |} ====1998==== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:95%; line-height:16px;" |- ! align=center colspan=17| [[Toghchán Chomhthionól Thuaisceart Éireann 1998|Toghchán Chomhthionól 1998]]: An Feabhal |- ! align=center colspan=2| Páirtí !! Iarrthóir !! Scair !! Comhair 1 !! Comhair 2 !! Comhair 3 !! Comhair 4 !! Comhair 5 !! Comhair 6 !! Comhair 7 !! Comhair 8 |- | style="background:{{Páirtí Sóisialta Daonlathach an Lucht Oibre/meta/color}};" | || [[PSDLO]] || '''[[John Hume]]'''|| 25.78% ||'''12,581'''|| || || || || || || |- | style="background:{{Sinn Féin/meta/color}};" | || [[Sinn Féin]] || '''[[Mitchel McLaughlin]]'''|| 10.95% ||5,341 ||5,867.5 ||5,977 ||6,007.9 ||'''7,042.9'''|| || || |- | style="background:{{Páirtí Sóisialta Daonlathach an Lucht Oibre/meta/color}};" | || [[PSDLO]] || '''[[Mark Durkan]]''' ||9.06% ||4,423 ||6,403 ||6,523.4 ||6,812.9 ||6,873.65 ||'''6,979.9'''|| || |- | style="background:{{Páirtí Sóisialta Daonlathach an Lucht Oibre/meta/color}};" | || [[PSDLO]] || '''[[John Tierney]]'''|| 7.74%|| 3,778 ||5,295.4 ||5,349.65 ||5,457.2 ||5,494.6 ||5,600.6 ||'''7,812.6'''|| |- | style="background:{{Sinn Féin/meta/color}};" | || [[Sinn Féin]] || '''[[Mary Nelis]]'''|| 7.10%|| 3,464 ||3,592.25 ||3,643.2 ||3,659.35 ||3,838.3 ||6,210.2 ||6,593.85 ||'''7,171.85''' |- | style="background:{{Páirtí Aontachtach Daonlathach/meta/color}};" | || [[PAD]] || '''[[William Hay]]''' ||12.53% ||6,112 ||6,128.2 ||6,240.45 ||6,293.8 ||6,295.8 ||6,296.8 ||6,315.25 ||'''6,322.25''' |- | style="background:{{Páirtí Aontachtach Uladh/meta/color}};" | || [[PAU]] || [[Jack Allen]]|| 9.57% ||4,669 ||4,714.9 ||4,920.05 ||5,353.7 ||5,354.6 ||5,355.6 ||5,501.25 ||5,698.25 |- | style="background:{{Páirtí Sóisialta Daonlathach an Lucht Oibre/meta/color}};" | || [[PSDLO]] || [[Annie Courtney]]|| 5.25%|| 2,560 ||3,442 ||3,517.55 ||3,760.95 ||3,813.3 ||3,843.05|| || |- | style="background:{{Sinn Féin/meta/color}};" | || [[Sinn Féin]] || Gearóid Ó hEára|| 5.19% ||2,531 ||2,608.4 ||2,638.1 ||2,654.9 ||2,733.55 || || || |- | style="background:{{Sinn Féin/meta/color}};" | || [[Sinn Féin]] || Lynn Fleming|| 2.79% ||1,360 ||1,460.8 ||1,518.55 ||1,530.8|| || || || |- | style="background:{{Páirtí Comhghuaillíochta Thuaisceart Éireann/meta/color}};" | || |[[Páirtí Comhghuaillíochta Thuaisceart Éireann|Comhaontas]] || Colm Cavanagh ||2.17% ||1,058 ||1,200.65 ||1,347.35|| || || || || |- | style="background:{{Páirtí an Lucht Oibre (Tuaisceart Éireann)/meta/color}};" | || [[Páirtí an Lucht Oibre TÉ]] || Ken Adams|| 0.71% ||345 ||403.95 || || || || || || |- | style="background:{{Páirtí Aontachtach Forásach Urgharda/meta/color}};" | || [[An Páirtí Aontachtach Forásach|PAF]] || Brian Gurney|| 0.59% ||287 ||305|| || || || || || |- | style="background:{{Comhaontas Glas/meta/color}};" | || |[[Páirtí Glas Thuaisceart Éireann|Páirtí Glas (TÉ)]] ||Peter MacKenzie|| 0.52% ||253 ||294.85 || || || || || || |- |style="background:{{Natural Law Party (Ireland)/meta/color}};"| || | [[Dlí Nádúrtha]] || Donn Brennan|| 0.07% ||32 ||36.5 || || || || || || |- | align=left colspan=17|'''Toghthóirí: '''68,888 ''' Bailí: '''48,794''' Millte: '''810''' Cuóta: '''6,971''' Vótóirí: '''49,604(72.01%) ''' |} ===Fóram 1996=== Tá iarrthóirí rathúil i g'''cló trom''' <ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.ark.ac.uk/elections/96foy.htm|teideal=1996 Forum Elections: Candidates in Foyle|work=www.ark.ac.uk|dátarochtana=2026-07-27}}</ref>. {| class="wikitable" |- bgcolor="CCCCCC" ! colspan="2" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top" | Páirtí ! valign="top" | Iarrthóir(í) ! valign="top" | Vótaí ! valign="top" | % |- |style="background:{{Páirtí Sóisialta Daonlathach an Lucht Oibre/meta/color}};" | || [[PSDLO]] | align="right" |'''[[John Hume]]'''<br/>'''[[Mark Durkan]]'''<br/>'''[[John Tierney]]'''<br/>Pat Devine<br/>[[Mary Bradley]] | align="right" |19,997 | align="right" |44.3 |- | style="background:{{Sinn Féin/meta/color}};" | || [[Sinn Féin]] | align="right" |'''[[Martin McGuinness]]'''<br/>'''[[Mitchel McLaughlin]]'''<br/>[[Mary Nelis]]<br/>Moira McCloskey<br/>Gary Fleming | align="right" |11,618 | align="right" |25.6 |- | style="background:{{Páirtí Aontachtach Daonlathach/meta/color}};" | || [[PAD]] | align="right" |[[Gregory Campbell]]<br/>[[William Hay]] | align="right" |5,504 | align="right" |11.2 |- | style="background:{{Páirtí Aontachtach Uladh/meta/color}};" | || [[PAU]] | align="right" |[[Jack Allen]]<br/>Richard Dallas<br/>Andrew Davidson | align="right" |4,553 | align="right" |10.1 |- | style="background:{{Páirtí Comhghuaillíochta Thuaisceart Éireann/meta/color}};" | || |[[Páirtí Comhghuaillíochta Thuaisceart Éireann|Comhaontas]] | align="right" |Aaron McCormack<br/>Gerry Lynch | align="right" |790 | align="right" |1.7 |- | style="background:{{Northern Ireland Women's Coalition/meta/color}};" | || [[Comhrialtas na mBan Thuaisceart Éireann|Comhrialtas na mBan ]] | align="right" |Margaret Logue<br/>Diane Greer<br/>Teresa Kelly | align="right" |695 | align="right" |1.5 |- | style="background:{{An Páirtí Aontachtach Forásach/meta/color}};" | || [[An Páirtí Aontachtach Forásach|PAF]] | align="right" |Brian Gurney<br/>Paul Whitlock | align="right" |580 | align="right" |1.3 |- | style="background:{{Labour Coalition/meta/color}}" | || [[Comhpháirtíocht an Lucht Oibre]] | align="right" |Margaret Lawrence<br/>Jim Gannon<br/>Geraldine Quigley<br/>Tony Martin<br/>Patrick Muldowney | align="right" |544 | align="right" |1.2 |- | style="background:{{Páirtí Daonlathach Uladh/meta/color}};" | || [[Páirtí Daonlathach Uladh]] | align="right" |David Nicholl<br/>Thomas Stone | align="right" |497 | align="right" |1.1 |- | style="background:{{Páirtí Aontachtach RA/meta/color}};" | || [[Páirtí Aontachtach RA|Aontachtach RA]] | align="right" |David Taylor<br/>Richard Jordan | align="right" |324 | align="right" |0.7 |- | style="background:{{Comhaontas Glas/meta/color}};" | || |[[Páirtí Glas Thuaisceart Éireann|Páirtí Glas (TÉ)]] | align="right" |Peter Doran<br/>Michael O'Kane<br/>Chloe Wilson | align="right" |194 | align="right" |0.4 |- | style="background:{{An Páirtí Coimeádach (An Ríocht Aontaithe)/meta/color}};"| || [[Coimeádaigh Thuaisceart Éireann]] | align="right" |Derek Sloan<br/>Elizabeth Sloan | align="right" |92 | align="right" |0.2 |- | style="background:{{Workers' Party of Ireland/meta/color}};" | || [[Páirtí na nOibrithe]] | align="right" |Noel Lynch<br/>Alexander Doherty | align="right" |81 | align="right" |0.2 |- | style="background:{{Neamhspleách/meta/color}};"| || [[Neamhspleáchas Uladh]] | align="right" |Donal Casey<br/>[[Ken Kerr]] | align="right" |173 | align="right" |0.3 |- |style="background:{{Natural Law Party (Ireland)/meta/color}};"| || [[Dlí Nádúrtha]] | align="right" |Donn Brennan<br/>David Cooke | align="right" |41 | align="right" |0.1 |- | style="background:{{Democratic Left (Ireland)/meta/color}};"| || [[Daonlathas Clé]] | align="right" |James Doody<br/>Brian Cullen | align="right" |40 | align="right" |0.1 |- | style="background:{{Neamhspleách/meta/color}};"| || [[Alan Chambers|Seambar]] [[Neamhspleách]] | align="right" |Sydney Waddell<br/>Jason Angus | align="right" |22 | align="right" |0.1 |} == Tagairtí == {{reflist}} {{stumpa}} {{Teimpléad:Tionól Thuaisceart Éireann}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Feabhal, An}} [[Catagóir:Polaitíocht Thuaisceart Éireann]] [[Catagóir:Tionól Thuaisceart Éireann]] 9w78f7vr0d9495qpiwwd8fjwqnxahzv 0 104774 1321772 1305116 2026-07-26T23:03:49Z Taghdtaighde 60452 Catagóirí curtha leis 1321772 wikitext text/x-wiki {{WD Bosca Sonraí Duine}} Is [[file]] [[Éire]]annach í '''Máire Dinny Wren'''. == Saol == Le cois abhainn an Chláidí, faoi scáth na h[[An Earagail|Earagla]] i g[[Contae Dhún na nGall]] atá cónaí ar Mháire Dinny Wren, áit a mbíonn sí ag scríobh filíochta agus gearrscéalta. Phill sí chun an bhaile go [[Gaoth Dobhair]] in [[1999]] i ndiaidh di tréimhse de 21 bliain a chaitheamh i [[Londain]]. In [[2011]], d’fhoilsigh [[Coiscéim]] a céad bhailiúchán filíochta, ''Ó Bhile go Bile'', agus tá go leor duaiseanna liteartha bronnta uirthi as a chuid saothar ó shin; ina measc, [[Comórtas Filíochta Uí Néill]] in [[2011]] agus [[Focail Aniar Aduaid]]h in [[2017]]. Bhí a dara cnuasach filíochta, ''Tine Ghealáin'', a d’fhoilsigh [[Éabhlóid (foilsitheoir)|Éabhlóid]] in [[2019]], ainmnithe do [[Gradam Uí Shúilleabháin|Ghradam Uí Shuilleabháin]] ag [[Oireachtas na Gaeilge]]. D’fhoilsigh [[Éabhlóid (foilsitheoir)|Éabhlóid]] a céad chnuasach gearrscéalta, ''Go mbeinnse choíche saor'', in [[2016]] agus tá saothair léi foilsithe in irisí ar nós ''[[Comhar]]'', ''[[Duillí Éireann]]'', ''[[Feasta]]'', [[an tUltach|''an tUltach'']], ''[[Poblachd nam Bàrd]]'', agus ''[[Poetry Ireland Review]]''. Tá ceithre scéal dá cuid sa chnuasach gearrscéalta Go dtí an lá bán a d’fhoilsigh Éabhlóid in [[2012]]. Bronnadh duais Fhoras na Gaeilge ar Mháire in [[2010]] ag [[Féile Scríbhneoirí Lios Tuathail]] don ghearrscéal ‘Ag Téarnamh chun Baile’. Bhí scannán filíochta bunaigh ar dhán dá cuid ar an ghearrliosta ag Féile filíochta Winter Warmer Ó Bhéal [[2020]]. In [[2013]] rinne [[Drama on One]] léiriúchán den scéal "Thar an Tairseach" agus craoladh é ar [[RTÉ Raidió 1]] ar Lá Fhéile Pádraig na bliana sin. Bhí an léiriúchán sin ar an ghearrliosta don Dráma Raidió is Fearr ag an [[Prix Europa]] i m[[Beirlín]] in [[2013]]. == Saothar == === Filíocht === === Gearrscéalta === == Naisc sheachtracha == * [https://portraidi.ie/en/maire-dinny-wren/] Máire Dinny Wren ar Portraidi.ie == Tagairtí == {{reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Dinny Wren, Maire}} [[Catagóir:Filí na hÉireann]] [[Catagóir:Filí Gaeilge]] [[Catagóir:Gearrscéalaithe Éireannacha]] [[Catagóir:Gearrscéalaithe]] [[Catagóir:Scríbhneoirí Éireannacha]] [[Catagóir:Scríbhneoirí Gaeilge]] [[Catagóir:Scríbhneoirí ficsin thuairimigh]] [[Catagóir:Fantaisíocht Éireannach]] [[Catagóir:Fantaisíocht i nGaeilge]] [[Catagóir:Daoine as Gaoth Dobhair]] [[Catagóir:Daoine as Contae Dhún na nGall]] [[Catagóir:Mná]] qzr8dy0zm7rl3q3a4335wkeppz34giy 0 105300 1321713 1321607 2026-07-26T14:57:21Z An RíomhGael 72410 /* An Ghallóis sna Meáin */ 1321713 wikitext text/x-wiki {{WD Bosca Sonraí Teanga}} {{Glanadh}} Is teanga réigiúnach á labhairt [[An Bhriotáin|sa Bhriotáin]] Uachtarach í an '''Ghallóis''' (Gallóis: ''Galo''). Is teanga O''ïl'' í, foghrúpa sna [[teangacha Rómánsacha]]. Labhraítear í go traidisiúnta sna réigiúin ''l'Ille-et-Villaine'', ''Loire Atlantique'', agus an chuid thoir de na réigiúin ''Morbihan'' agus ''Côtes-d'Armor''<ref name=":3">{{Lua idirlín|url=https://institutdugalo.bzh/fr/accueil/|teideal=Institut du Gallo - Leathanach fáilte|údar=Institut du Gallo|language=Fraincis|dátarochtana=2026-07-14}}</ref>. D'fhorbair an Ghallóis ó Laidin na ndaoine agus ba theanga labhartha amháin í go príomha go dtí an 19ú haois.<ref name=":0">{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.tiarvro-santbrieg.bzh/gallo/|teideal=La langue gallèse|údar=Telenn|language=Fraincis|dátarochtana=2026-07-14}}</ref> Cuireadh an teanga faoi chois i rith an 19ú céad agus cuid mhór den 20ú céad, go háirithe sna scoileanna poiblí a spreag úsáid na [[An Fhraincis|Fraincise]] caighdeánaí agus tugadh an téarma díspeagúil ''patois'' (canúint) uirthi. Níl aon stádas oifigiúil ag an nGallóis nó aon theanga réigiúnach eile sa Fhrainc de bharr alt 2 i mBunreacht na Fraince<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/loda/article_lc/LEGIARTI000006527453?__cf_chl_f_tk=2Rr4ssFzVRBuCTcpANs3CxW_FBezr0AsO2K72PiRXcw-1784054617-1.0.1.1-HAsnZ0pYyq8KUKY64BVwxLa..FkWq6zNqXDRAS1zKac|teideal=Constitution du 4 octobre 1958 - Article 2|údar=Rialtas na Fraince|language=Fraincis|dátarochtana=2026-07-14}}</ref>. Ó 2004 ann áfach, athnaíonn Comhairle na Briotáine í mar 'theanga na Briotáine' chomh maith leis an m[[An Bhriotáinis|Briotáinis]], teanga Cheilteach á labhairt sa Bhriotáin Íochtarach<ref name=":0" />. == Stádas Sochtheangeolaíochta == ==== Teanga nó Canúint ==== [[Íomhá:Signalétique gallo, métro de Rennes.jpg|clé|mion|Comhartha i nGallóis sa mheitreo Rennes]] Toisc nach bhfuil aon chomhaontú ann faoin difríocht idir teanga agus canúint<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://direct.mit.edu/coli/article/45/4/823/93361/How-to-Distinguish-Languages-and-Dialects|teideal=How to Distinguih Languages and Dialects|údar=Soren Wichmann|dáta=2019|language=Béarla|pages=lgh 823-831|doi=https://doi.org/10.1162/coli_a_00366|dátarochtana=2026-07-15}}</ref>, níltear cinnte faoi shainmhíniú teangeolaíochta na Gallóise. Bíonn saineolaithe den dá thuairim ann, ach sa lá ata inniu ann, is minic a cheaptar an Ghallóis mar theanga í féin. ==== An Ghallóis sa tSochaí ==== De réir Suirbhé Sochtheangeolaíochta na Briotáine 2024, ní raibh ach 3.3% de dhaonra na Briotáine a bhí 15 bliana déag d'aois nó níos sine, timpeall 132,000 duine, in ann an Ghallóis a labhairt 'go han-mhaith' nó 'go maith'. Tá cainteoirí Gallóise 56.5 bliana d'aois ar an meán de réir an suirbhé céanna<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.bretagne.bzh/presse/communiques-dossiers/transmission-et-usage-du-breton-et-du-gallo-resultats-de-letude-sociolinguistique-2024/|teideal=Résultats de l'Étude Sociolinguistique 2024|údar=Région Bretagne|dáta=2025-01-25|language=Fraincis|dátarochtana=2026-07-14}}</ref>. Maidir le húsáid na teanga, dúirt 45% de chainteoirí na Gallóise gur bhain siad úsáid aisti uair sa tseachtain ar a laghad<ref name=":1" details="lch 28">{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.bretagne.bzh/app/uploads/8460-REGION-BRETAGNE-Enquete-sociolinguistique-R20.01-version-longue.pdf|teideal=Enquete Sociolinguistique 2024 sur les langues de Bretagne|dáta=2025-01-20|language=Fraincis|dátarochtana=2026-07-14}}</ref>. De bharr a cosúlacht leis an bhFraincis agus an stiogma a bhí ann gur 'droch-Fhraincis' í an Ghallóis<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|author=Gildas d'Hervé|date=2005|url=https://shs.hal.science/halshs-00676254/file/article_marges_linguistiques_enseignement_du_gallo.pdf|title=Le gallo dans l'enseignement, l'enseignement du gallo|language=Fraincis|pages=lch 263}}</ref>, bíonn feachtais agus tacaíocht ar son caomhnú na Gallóise cuibheasach lag i gcomparáid le hathbheochan na Briotáinise<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://shs.cairn.info/revue-cahiers-de-sociolinguistique-2007-1-page-5?lang=fr|teideal=Autour du Gallo: État des lieux, analyses et perspectives|údar=Jean-Pierre Angoujard agus Francis Manzano|dáta=2007|language=Fraincis|dátarochtana=2026-07-14}}</ref>, teanga Cheilteach i bhfad níos difriúla. Chomh maith leis sin, níl an tsuim chéanna ann sa Ghallóis ná mar atá sa Bhriotáinis, agus is léir an méid seo sa tsuirbhé sochtheangeolaíochta. Mar shampla, dúirt 33% dóibh siúd a ghlac páirt leis an suirbhé go mbeadh suim acu an Bhriotáinis a fhoghlaim, i gcomparáid le 9% a mbeadh suim acu an Ghallóis a fhoghlaim<ref name=":1" details="lch 38" />. == An Ghallóis sa Chóras Oideachais == Le blianta fada anois, bíonn ranganna Gallóise ar fáil i scoileanna ar fud na Briotáine<ref name=":2">{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.bretagne.bzh/nos-actions/culture-et-sport/langues-regionales/gallo/|teideal=Transmettre et Promouvoir l'Usage du gallo|údar=Région Bretagne|language=Fraincis|dátarochtana=2026-07-14}}</ref>. Tá timpeall 1,500 scoláire ag freastail ar bhunscoileanna sa líonra ''Admézë'' a chuireann ranganna Gallóise ar fáil. Chomh maith leis sin, tá an Ghallóis ar fáil mar ábhar roghnach i seacht g''collèges'' (scoil mheánach), i ''lycée'' (ardscoil) amháin agus in Ollscoil Rennes 2<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://institutdugalo.bzh/fr/enseigner|teideal=Enseigner le gallo|údar=Institut du galo|language=Fraincis|dátarochtana=2026-07-14}}</ref>. Faoi láthair, tá tionscadal ar siúl le sprioc ranganna dátheangacha a bhunú chun an Ghallóis a mhúineadh tríd an tumoideachas. Cuireann ''Divaskell Breizh,'' cumann scolaíochta dátheangacha Briotáinise-Fraincise, ranganna Gallóise ar fáil i scoileanna príobháideacha Caitliceacha<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.divaskell.bzh/|teideal=Divaskell Breizh|language=Fraincis|dátarochtana=2026-07-14}}</ref>. Is cumann múinteoirí é ''Cllâssiers'', le sprioc foghlaim na Gallóise a spreagadh i mbunscoileanna agus in iarbhunscoileanna na Briotáine. Cruthaíonn siad acmhainní teagaisc chun cabhair a thabhairt do mhúinteoirí Gallóise. Faigheann an cumann tacaíocht ó Réigiún na Briotáine agus na ''départements'' Briotáine<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://cllassiers.bzh/enseigner-le-gallo/|teideal=Cllasiérs|language=Fraincis|dátarochtana=2026-07-14}}</ref>. == An Ghallóis sna Meáin == [[Íomhá:Logo Galoweb.png|mion|Lógó Galoweb, cainéal teilifíse i nGallóis]] Sa bhliain 2022, bunaíodh an cainéal teilifíse ''Galoweb'' chun na meáin chlosamhairc sa Ghallóis a chur chun cinn<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.bretagne.bzh/actualites/galoweb-une-web-tv-en-gallo/|teideal=Galoweb, un web TV en gallo!|údar=Région Bretagne|dáta=2022-06-22|language=Fraincis|dátarochtana=2026-07-14}}</ref>. Is cuid den ''LB Groupe'' é ''Galoweb'' cosúil le ''[[Brezhoweb]]'' agus ''Òc Tele'', cainéil i mBriotáinis agus in [[An Ocsatáinis|Ocsatáinis]] faoi seach<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.galoweb.bzh/|teideal=Galoweb|dátarochtana=2026-07-14}}</ref>. Is cumann foilsitheoireachta a bunaíodh sa bhliain 2024 é ''Banissous.'' Aontaíonn siad foilsitheoirí Gallóise éagsúla cosúil le ''Qhu Bllanc'' agus ''Éditions l'Œufs''<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://banissous.bzh/|teideal=Banissous|language=Fraincis|dátarochtana=2026-07-14}}</ref> == Eagraíochtaí Teanga == [[Íomhá:Institut du galo.jpg|mion|Lógó ''Institut du Galo'']] Is í ''Institut du Galo'' (Gaeilge: ''Institiúid na Gallóise''), a bunaíodh sa bhliain 2017, príomheagraíocht ar son caomhnú, foghlaim agus forbairt na Gallóise<ref name=":2" />. Is iad mar phríomhspriocanna acu ná<ref name=":3" />: - múineadh na Gallóise i scoileanna agus ranganna do dhaoine fásta a spreagadh agus a fhorbairt - seirbhís aistriúcháin a chur ar fáil do dhaoine agus eagraíochtaí a bhfuil suim acu an Ghallóis a úsáid - Cairt na Gallóise ''<nowiki/>'du galo, dam Yan, dam Vére!''', a spreagann úsáid na teanga in eagraíochtaí áitiúla, a chur chun cinn. == Comparáid idir teangacha eile na Fraince == {| class="wikitable" |+Foróga Chearta an Duine - Alt 1<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.lexilogos.com/declaration/article.htm|teideal=Forógra Chearta an Duine|work=www.lexilogos.com|dátarochtana=2026-07-14}}</ref> !An Fhraincis ''Teanga Oïl'' !An Ghallóis ''Teanga Oïl'' !An Ocsatáinis ''Teanga Oc'' !An Bhriotáinis ''Teanga Cheilteach'' |- |Tous les êtres humains naissent libres et égaux en dignité et en droits. Ils sont doués de raison et de conscience et doivent agir les uns envers les autres dans un esprit de fraternité. |Le monde vienent su la térre librs tertous e s'ent'valent en drets e dignitë. Il lou apartient d'avaer de la réson ede la conscience e il ont de s'ent'enchevi conme feraen dés freres. |Totes les èssers umans naisson liures e egals en dignitat e en dreches. Son dotats de rason e de consciéncia e se devon comportar los unes amb los autres dins un esperit de fraternitat. |Dieub ha par en o dellezegezh hag o gwirioù eo ganet an holl dud. Peoll ha skiant zo dezho ha dleout a reont bevañ an eil gant egile en ur spered a genvreudeuriezh. |} == Féach Freisin == [[An Bhriotáin]] - Réigiún in iarthuaisceart na Fraince [[An Ocsatáinis|An Ocsatánais]] - Teanga Rómánsach á labhairt i ndeisceart na Fraince [[An Bhriotáinis]] - Teanga Cheilteach á labhairt sa Bhriotáin [[Teangacha Rómánsacha]] - Foghrúpa teangacha Ind-Eorapacha == Tagairtí == <references /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Gallóis, An}} [[Catagóir:Teangacha na Fraince|Gallóis]] [[Catagóir:Teangacha Rómánsacha|Gallóis]] [[Catagóir:Mionteangacha]] [[Catagóir:Cultúr na Fraince]] gnb3y6o1qlyfe377fm8qwpubvahyhaq 0 107629 1321778 1317387 2026-07-26T23:19:08Z Taghdtaighde 60452 Catagóirí curtha leis agus mionathruithe 1321778 wikitext text/x-wiki {{WD Bosca Sonraí Duine}} Scoláire, scríbhneoir, aistritheoir, agus gníomhaí ildánach ar son na Gaeilge is ea '''Eoin P. Ó Murchú'''. Is as [[Contae Bhaile Átha Cliath|Baile Átha Cliath]] dó ó dhúchas.<ref>{{Lua idirlín|dátarochtana=2023-04-21|teideal=Agallamh quickfire – Eoin P. Ó Murchú|url=https://sin.ie/2022/01/26/agallamh-quickfire-eoin-p-o-murchu/|dáta=2022-01-26|údar=Áine Ní Dhonnaile}}</ref> == Scríbhneoireacht == Tá go leor altanna, scéalta, agus léirmheasanna foilsithe aige i nuachtáin agus irisí Gaeilge: [[Tuairisc.ie]]<ref>{{Lua idirlín|dátarochtana=2023-04-21|teideal=Eoin P. Ó Murchú|url=https://tuairisc.ie/scribhneoiri/eoin-p-o-murchu/}}</ref>, [[RTÉ]]<ref>{{Lua idirlín|dátarochtana=2023-04-21|teideal=Eoin P. Ó Murchú|url=https://www.rte.ie/author/1150805-eoin-p-o-murchu/}}</ref>, ''[[Comhar]]''<ref>{{Lua idirlín|dátarochtana=2023-04-21|teideal=Eoin P. Ó Murchú|url=https://comhar.ie/iris/scribhneoiri/eoin-p-o-murchu/}}</ref>, [[Nós|''NÓS'']]<ref>{{Lua idirlín|dátarochtana=2023-04-21|teideal=Eoin P. Ó Murchú|url=https://nos.ie/author/eoinomurchu/}}</ref>, agus ''[[Léann Teanga: An Reiviú]]''.<ref>{{Lua idirlín|dátarochtana=2023-04-21|teideal=Léirmheas: Le Ton beau de Marot: In Praise of the Music of Language|url=http://leannteangaanreiviu.com/sites/default/files/17-Eoin%20P%20%C3%93%20Murch%C3%BA_0.pdf|dáta=2020|údar=Eoin P. Ó Murchú|archivedate=2022-06-17|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220617072900/http://leannteangaanreiviu.com/sites/default/files/17-Eoin%20P%20%C3%93%20Murch%C3%BA_0.pdf}}</ref> Déanann sé físeáin ar [[YouTube]] agus [[TikTok]] ar bhonn rialta freisin. Sa bhliain 2020, d'fhoilsigh [[Leabhar Breac]] ''[[Tinte na Farraige Duibhe]]'', aistriúchán Gaeilge a rinne Ó Murchú ar úrscéal le [[Tim Armstrong]] dar teideal ''[[Air Cuan Dubh Drilseach]]'' — an chéad úrscéal ficsin eolaíochta i n[[Gaeilge na hAlban]]. Ainmníodh an t-aistriúchán ar ghearrliosta [[Gradam de Bhaldraithe|Ghradam de Bhaldraithe]] sa bhliain 2021.<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://drilseach.net/2021/08/17/duais-de-bhaldraithe/|teideal=Duais de Bhaldraithe|dátarochtana=2023-04-21|dáta=2021-08-17}}</ref> Bhain Ó Murchú craobh BÁC de [[Slamovision]] 2026.<ref name=":1">{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.dublincityofliterature.ie/news/dublins-slamovision-2026-entry|teideal=Is é Eoin P. Ó Murchú iontráil Bhaile Átha Cliath do Slamovision 2026|work=Cathair Litríochta Bhaile Átha Cliath|dátarochtana=2026-06-11}}</ref> == Obair acadúil == Cháiligh Ó Murchú mar dhochtúir leighis sa [[An Coláiste Ollscoile, Baile Átha Cliath|Choláiste Ollscoile, Baile Átha Cliath]] in 2013.<ref name="manuad">{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.maynoothuniversity.ie/nua-ghaeilge-modern-irish/mic-leinn-taighde|teideal=Mic léinn taighde|dátarochtana=2023-04-21}}</ref> Sa bhliain 2016, bhain sé céim mháistreachta amach sa Scríobh agus Cumarsáid na Gaeilge, le tráchtas dar teideal ''‘Nach do reub an cuan’ Inneall hibrideach aistriúcháin a úsáid mar chéim réamhaistriúcháin chun prós cruthaitheach a aistriú ó Ghaeilge na hAlban go Gaeilge na hÉireann'', faoi stiúir an Ollaimh [[Máire Ní Annracháin]].<ref>{{Lua idirlín|teideal=Cumann Léann na Litríochta|url=http://www.leanniris.com/view/database/entry/135/?sort=3&dir=asc|dátarochtana=2023-04-21}}</ref> Tá sé i mbun dochtúireachta san aistriúchán liteartha faoi láthair in [[Ollscoil Mhaigh Nuad]], faoi stiúir an Ollaimh [[Fionntán de Brún]].<ref name="manuad" /> == Gníomhaíochtaí eile == Bhí Ó Murchú ar dhuine de bhunaitheoirí an chlub CLG [[Na Gaeil Óga, CLG|Na Gaeil Óga]] in 2010, cumann lán-Ghaeilge i mBaile Átha Cliath. Bhí sé ina bhall den fhoireann a d'aistrigh [[Gmail]] go Gaeilge in 2014.<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.irishtimes.com/business/technology/seol-teachtaireacht-gmail-now-available-as-gaeilge-1.2034422|teideal=Seol teachtaireacht - Gmail now available as Gaeilge|údar=Éanna Ó Caollaí|dáta=2014-12-11|dátarochtana=2023-04-21}}</ref> Sa bhliain 2013, bhunaigh Ó Murchú agus Andy Ó Faoláin [[GaelGÁIRÍ]], oíche fhuirseoireachta Ghaeilge. Eagraítear GaelGÁIRÍ i mBaile Átha Cliath de ghnáth, ach cuirtear ar siúl é i bhféilte éagsúla timpeall na tíre freisin. Sa bhliain 2014, ghlac Ó Múrchú páirt sa gcomórtas teilifíse [[An Gaeilgeoir is Greannmhaire]] ar [[TG4]], ag críochnú sa dara háit. In 2022, fuair sé páirt i ndráma teilifíse [[Gàidhlig]] ar [[BBC Alba]] darb ainm ''An Clò Mòr''.<ref>{{Lua idirlín|dátarochtana=2023-04-21|url=https://www.independent.ie/seachtain/tar-eis-dom-a-bheith-ar-youtube-is-realta-teilifise-anois-me-42275649.html|teideal=Tar éis dom a bheith ar YouTube, is réalta teilifíse anois mé|dáta=2023-01-11|údar=Ciarán Dunbar}}</ref> == Duaiseanna == * Duais Uí Dhoibhlin agus Scoláireacht do mháistreacht san Aistriúchán agus san Eagarthóireacht * Duais de Bhaldraithe do Léann na Gaeilge agus Scoláireacht do chúrsa máistreachta, COBÁC * Bonn Óir na Gaeilge agus Buanghradam Gaeilge an Bhráthair Uí Dhúgáin, Coláiste Eoin, Stigh Lorgan * Duais Oireachtais d’Aiste Leighis<ref name="manuad"/> == Féach freisin == * [[Na Gaeil Óga, CLG|Na Gaeil Óga]] * [[GaelGÁIRÍ]] * [[Eoin Ó Murchú]] (iriseoir le [[Tuairisc.ie]] agus [[An Páipéar (nuachtán)|''An Páipéar'']]) == Naisc sheachtracha == * [http://scribhinnifanacha.blogspot.com/2017/09/how-irish-invented-slang-by-daniel.html Scríbhinní Fánacha — blag Uí Mhurchú] * [https://www.google.com/search?q=site%3A.ga.wikipedia.org++%22Eoin+P.+%C3%93+Murch%C3%BA%22&lr=&safe=images&sca_esv=599294221&as_qdr=all&sxsrf=ACQVn09xsH-WB512FHOJulnvEnHq4FWCDQ%3A1705536596732&ei=VGyoZcCmLL2fkdUPmJqFyA4&ved=0ahUKEwjAoP_30uWDAxW9T6QEHRhNAekQ4dUDCBA&uact=5&oq=site%3A.ga.wikipedia.org++%22Eoin+P.+%C3%93+Murch%C3%BA%22 site:.ga.wikipedia.org  "Eoin P. Ó Murchú"] * Próifíl [[ASG]]: [https://www.aontasnascribhneoiri.ie/ga-IE/eolaire/scribhneoiri/678/eoin-p-o-murchu/ Eoin P. Ó Murchú] * Scríbhneoireacht in [[Comhar]]: [https://comhar.ie/iris/scribhneoiri/eoin-p-o-murchu/ Eoin P. Ó Murchú] == Tagairtí == {{reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Murchu, Eoin P O}} [[Catagóir:Daoine as Baile Átha Cliath]] [[Catagóir:Scoláirí Éireannacha]] [[Catagóir:Aistritheoirí Gaeilge]] [[Catagóir:Aistritheoirí Éireannacha]] [[Catagóir:Alumni COBÁC]] [[Catagóir:Fuirseoirí le Gaeilge]] [[Catagóir:Aisteoirí Éireannacha]] [[Catagóir:Aisteoirí Gaeilge]] [[Catagóir:Filí Gaeilge]] [[Catagóir:Filí na hÉireann]] [[Catagóir:Tionchairí ar líne]] [[Catagóir:Ficsean eolaíochta Éireannach]] [[Catagóir:Ficsean eolaíochta i nGaeilge]] [[Catagóir:Scríbhneoirí ficsin thuairimigh]] [[Catagóir:Daoine beo]] [[Catagóir:Iriseoirí Gaeilge]] [[Catagóir:Iriseoirí Éireannacha]] 53dg9i3u3pivqxym59s3w55zeov4syf 0 108559 1321684 1319652 2026-07-26T12:17:23Z InternetArchiveBot 47196 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1321684 wikitext text/x-wiki {{WD Bosca Geografaíocht Pholaitiúil}} [[File:Swifts creek 14-12-2006 1600 -2.jpg|thumb|right|Ag féachaint i dtreo Swifts Creek in Victoria i Mí na Nollag 2006 i rith shéasúr na dtinte coille in 2006-07.]] Is minic a bhíonn '''falscaithe san Astráil''', agus rinne siad athrú mór ar an tír ar feadh na millíún bliain. Is beag cuid den domhan is mó a raibh dóiteán ann ná oirthear na hAstráile agus fuair coillte eocalaipe na tíre cothú ó na tinte de bharr na héabhlóide. Ach inniu, deirtear go dtiocfaidh na tinte níos minice de thoradh an [[téamh domhanda|téimh dhomhanda]]. [[Íomhá:2019–20 Australian bushfire as seen by Himawari 8 2020-01-04.jpg|mion|Eanáir 2020... tinte ar dheis]] [[Íomhá:2020-01-04 East Australian and Mallacoota Fires Aqua MODIS-VIIRS-LABELS.png|mion|Eanáir 2020]] === Tubaistí === Is minic a ainmnítear stoirmeacha tine as an lá ar tharla siad, go háirithe na cinn a leanas: * Tinte ''Black Thursday'' in 1851, * Tinte Gippsland agus ''Black Sunday'' in 1925-6 in Victoria (maraíodh 60 duine le dhá mhí).<ref> [https://www.australiangeographic.com.au/topics/science-environment/2011/11/the-worst-bushfires-in-australias-history/ The worst bushfires in Australia’s history]; 3 Nov 2011; Australian Geographic]</ref> * ''Black Friday'' in 1939 in Victoria (maraíodh 71 duine agus dódh 650 teach), * ''Black Tuesday'' in 1967 sa Tasmáin (maraíodh 62 duine agus dódh beagnach 1,300 teach); * Tinte na mblianta 1974-75 a dhóigh 15% den tír * ''Ash Wednesday'' in 1983 in Victoria agus san Astráil Theas (maraíodh 75 duine, dódh beagnach 1,900 teach); * [[Falscaithe san Astráil, 2009|''Black Saturday'' in 2009]] in Victoria (maraíodh 173 duine go díreach agus dódh 2,000 teach);<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://knowledge.aidr.org.au/resources/bushfire-black-saturday-victoria-2009/|teideal=Bushfire - Black Saturday, Victoria, 2009 {{!}} Australian Disaster Resilience Knowledge Hub|work=knowledge.aidr.org.au|dátarochtana=2024-02-09}}</ref> * [[Falscaithe san Astráil, 2019-2020|Tinte na mblianta 2019–20]].<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.smh.com.au/national/nsw/extraordinary-2019-ends-with-deadliest-day-of-the-worst-fire-season-20191231-p53nw0.html|teideal='Extraordinary' 2019 ends with deadliest day of the worst fire season|date=2019-12-31|website=The Sydney Morning Herald|language=en|accessdate=2020-01-01}}</ref> I Mí Eanáir 2020 measadh gur dódh os cionn 1 billiún ainmhí sna tinte úd.<ref>[https://www.10tv.com/article/estimated-125-billion-animals-killed-australian-bushfires-2020-jan Estimated 1.25 billion animals killed in Australian bushfires] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200111222639/https://www.10tv.com/article/estimated-125-billion-animals-killed-australian-bushfires-2020-jan |date=2020-01-11 }}, TV10, 10 January 2020</ref> ===Roimh theacht na nEorpach=== Tá an tír ag triomú le 15 milliún bliain, rud is cúis le héiceolaíocht agus le timpeallacht a bheith ann a théann trí thine gan dua agus le hainmhithe agus plandaí a bheith ann a bhfuil taithí acu ar an tine. Tá cuid de na plandaí ag brath ar an tine chun iad féin a shíolrú. Bhaineadh na [[Bundúchasaigh na hAstráile|Bundúchasaigh]] tairbhe as an dóiteán chun an tír a ghlanadh mar áis sealgaireachta agus tá páirceanna náisiúnta agus seanchoillte ann anois ar gá iad a chaomhnú le cúnamh an dóiteáin. Deir an taighdeoir [[Tim Flannery]] (''The Future Eaters'') tá tine ar na fórsaí is tábhachtai i dtimpeallacht na hAstráile. Tá plandaí ann a bhfuil bealaí acu chun teacht slán ó thine coille nó a bhfuil gá acu léi chun bachlóga eipeachormánacha agus tiúbair adhmaid a mhúscailt. Tá síolta frith-thine nó tine-mhúscailte acu, nó tá olaí inlasta ina gcuid duilleog acu, rud a chuideodh le crainn eocalaipe agus a mbeadh speicis eile thíos leis.<ref>White, Mary E. & Frazier, Jim. ''The Greening of Gondwana''. Reed Books (athchló), 1994. ISBN: 0730104753.</ref> Chonaic na chéad taiscéalaithe Eorpacha deatach i mórán áiteanna. Chonaic an taiscéalaí Ísiltíreach [[Abel Janszoon Tasman]] agus a chriú deatach ar chósta na Tasmáine in 1642 agus thóg siad ceann do chrainn dhóite agus do chré bhruite sna coillte. Fad is a bhí foireann an Chaptaein [[James Cook]] ag mapáil an chósta thoir, chonaic siad tinte sna coillte an t-am ar fad beagnach.<ref name="”Rise”">Blainey, Geoffrey (2015). ''The Story of Australia's People: The Rise and Fall of Ancient Australia: Volume 1''. Penguin. 2015: lgh 50-51. ISBN: 978-1-76014-103-5</ref> Uaireanta bhí cúiseanna nádúrtha leis na tinte seo. Uaireanta lasadh d’aon ghnó iad. I mórán réigiún chuireadh Bundúchasaigh an féarach trí thine chun fás an fhéir a ghríosú agus cangarúnna nó ainmhithe eile a ramhrú agus chun prátaí coille<ref>''Ipomoea costata'', athair dhúchasach i dtuaisceart na hAstráile a bhfuil tiúbair inite aici.</ref> agus plandaí ísle eile a chur ag fás. Ag amanna áirithe den bhliain dhéanfaí bearnaí tine ar eagla na dtinte coille.<ref name=”Rise”/> I lár na hAstráile d’úsáid siad an dóiteán ar feadh na mílte bliain chun an tír a riar.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20150227223739/http://www.schools.nt.edu.au/tlcland/publications/Fire%20Book.pdf "The Fire Book".] Tangentyre Landcare. 2005. É curtha i gcartlann ar an 27 Feabhra 2015.</ref> Deir Flannery gur tarraingíodh tubaiste ar an tír nuair a bhain na hEorpaigh riar na tine de na Bundúchasaigh.<ref>Flannery, Tim. [https://www.ecobooks.com/books/futureat.htm ''The Future Eaters: An Ecological History of the Australasian Lands and People'',] Grove Press 2002</ref> Tréigeadh na sean-nósanna dóiteáin agus agus cuireadh béim ar thinte a mhúchadh. Dúirt staidéar a rinneadh in 2001 gurb é an toradh a bhí ar neamart a dhéanamh sna sean-nósanna agus ar lómánaíocht gan srian, tinte móra coille a bheith coitianta i mórán áiteanna, go háirithe sa séasúr tirim.<ref>Ward, D.J., Lamont, B.B. & Burrows, C.L. (2001), "Historical role of fire": http://learnline.cdu.edu.au/units/env207/introduction/history.html</ref> Dhéanadh na Bundúchasaigh dóiteán ag amanna cuí i rith na bliana agus nuair a bhíodh an aimsir oiriúnach chuige. D’fhág seo go mbeadh dóiteán maolaithe ann agus gur bheag an baol go ndófaí barr na gcrann. Rinne na patrúin thraidisiúnta dóiteáin an méid speiceas a mhéadú in áiteanna áirithe, toisc gur dócha go bhfágfadh an dóiteán limistéar ina dhiaidh a bhí breac le plandaí a dhóití ag amanna difriúla. Is léir gurbh iad nósanna dóiteáin na mBundúchasach ba mó a chaomhnaigh timpeallacht oscailte a bhí lán de chrainn scoite agus d’fhéar. Nuair a stad siad den dóiteán d’fhás casarnach agus scrobarnach in áiteanna nach raibh siad le fáil roimhe sin.<ref>Jim Kohen, “The Impact of Fire: An Historical Perspective” (páipéar a léadh ag an 17ú seimineár débhliantúil de chuid SGAP i gColáiste Robert Menzies, Sydney, 1993): http://www.anpsa.org.au/APOL3/sep96-1.html {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230318122845/https://anpsa.org.au/APOL3/sep96-1.html |date=2023-03-18 }}</ref> De réir staidéir a rinneadh in 2017, nuair a leag Eorpaigh crainn fhásta sna coillte b’fhéidir gurbh é sin ba chúis le toir a fhás go forleathan ann, rud a chothaíonn tinte.<ref>{{Cite journal|title=Relationships between mature trees and fire fuel hazard in Australian forest|first1=Nicholas|last1=Wilson|first2=Geoffrey J.|last2=Cary|first3=Philip|last3=Gibbons|date=15 June 2018|journal=International Journal of Wildland Fire|volume=27|issue=5|pages=353–362|doi=10.1071/WF17112|hdl=1885/160659}}</ref> In [[Queensland]] tugadh féar gamba (''Andropogon gayanus'') isteach mar bhia d’eallach in 1942 agus cuireadh go forleathan ó 1983 i leith é. Ach thig leis tinte móra a chothú, rud is cúis le dochar fadtréimhseach a dhéanamh don timpeallacht.<ref>{{cite web |teideal=Gamba grass (''Andropogon gayanus'') |url=http://www.daff.qld.gov.au/plants/weeds-pest-animals-ants/weeds/a-z-listing-of-weeds/photo-guide-to-weeds/gamba-grass |work=A–Z listing of weeds: Photo guide to weeds |publisher=Queensland Department of Primary Industries |dátarochtana=2023-06-18 |archivedate=2014-10-14 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141014033916/http://www.daff.qld.gov.au/plants/weeds-pest-animals-ants/weeds/a-z-listing-of-weeds/photo-guide-to-weeds/gamba-grass }}</ref><ref>Lesley Head, Jennifer Atchison. 2015. Governing invasive plants: Policy and practice in managing the Gamba grass (Andropogon gayanus) – Bushfire nexus in northern Australia. Land Use Policy 47: 225–234</ref> ===An ré choilíneach=== [[File:WP Black Thursday.jpg|thumb|400px|Pictiúr de na tinte coille in 1851 ar “Black Thursday” in Victoria]] Chuir aeráid the agus tinte gaofara coille na hAstráile imní agus uafás ar lonnaitheoirí Eorpacha. In 1851 rinne na tinte slad ar chúig mhilliún heicteár in Victoria; mharaigh siad timpeall dháréag daoine in éineacht le milliún caora agus na mílte beithíoch.<ref>Blainey, ibid., lgh 386-387</ref><ref>[https://www.ffm.vic.gov.au/history-and-incidents/past-bushfires Forest Fire Management Victoria - Past bushfires]; www.ffm.vic.gov.au; online 19 Jan 2020</ref> Rinne na lonnaitheoirí iarracht ar a nósanna feirmeoireachta a chur in oiriúint don tír nua: chuir siad barraí glasa ag fás timpeall a gcuid cruach féir, rinne siad bearnaí tine timpeall na bpáirceanna, d’éirigh siad an-aireach agus iad ag dó coinligh agus crann díchoirtithe.<ref>Blainey, ibid., lch 387</ref> Ach bhí tinte móra ann i gcónaí, leithéidí na dtinte a tháinig in 1898 in Gippsland Theas in oirthear Victoria ar “Red Tuesday”. Dhóigh siad 260,000 heicteár agus breis is 2,000 foirgneamh.<ref>[https://www.ffm.vic.gov.au/history-and-incidents/past-bushfires Forest Fire Management Victoria - Past bushfires]; www.ffm.vic.gov.au; online 19 Jan 2020</ref> ===Ó chónascadh na stát (1901) i leith === Bhí tinte móra coille ann ar feadh an 20ú haois. Maraíodh níos mó daoine agus scriosadh níos mó maoine de thoradh na dtinte de réir mhéadú an daonra agus leathadh na cathrach isteach sna coillte.<ref>Mr N. P. Cheney, CSIRO Division of Forestry; [https://www.abs.gov.au/Ausstats/abs@.nsf/0/6C98BB75496A5AD1CA2569DE00267E48 BUSHFIRES - AN INTEGRAL PART OF AUSTRALIA'S ENVIRONMENT]; ''The Year Book of Australia 1995'': www.abs.gov.au</ref> Le deich mbliana anuas nó mar sin tugadh ceadúnais rialtais chun cláir coiscthe tine a chur ar siúl ar thailte Bundúchasacha i dtuaisceart na hAstráile. Sa réigiún sin déantar an chasarnach atá mar bhreosla ag tinte a dhó de réir an mhonsúin. Dóitear an talamh ó phaiste go paiste le tinte “fionnuara” i rith an luathshéasúir thirim idir Mí Mhárta agus Mí Iúil.<ref> [https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2020/jan/19/right-fire-for-right-future-how-cultural-burning-can-protect-australia-from-catastrophic-blazes Right fire for right future: how cultural burning can protect Australia from catastrophic blazes,] ''The Guardian'', 18 Eanáir 2020</ref> Thosaigh na cláir seo sna 1980idí agus sna 1990idí nuair a tháinig na Bundúchasaigh ar ais go dtí a dtailte féin. Dhóigh tinte coille sa tuaisceart 57% níos lú acra in 2019 ná mar a rinne siad idir 2000 agus 2010.<ref>[https://www.nzherald.co.nz/world/news/article.cfm?c_id=2&objectid=12301169 Reducing fire, and cutting carbon emissions, the Aboriginal way,] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200813140259/https://www.nzherald.co.nz/world/news/article.cfm?c_id=2&objectid=12301169 |date=2020-08-13 }} ''NZ Herald'', 17 Eanáir 2020</ref> Dúirt Oliver Costello ón Indigenous Firesticks Alliance gur lú an meas atá ar riar tine Bundúchasach sa deisceart ná sa tuaisceart. I limistéar an [[Kimberley]] reáchtálann an Chomhairle Talún cruinnithe chun a dheimhniú go bhfuil na daoine cearta i mbun dóiteáin. Socraíonn an grúpa na línte dóiteáin ach is iad na maoirseoirí fiadhúlra Bundúchasacha a lasann na tinte le cabhair ó theicneolaíocht a sholáthraíonn tuairiscí ar an aimsir agus aird á tabhairt ar dhála an lae. Deir Costello: “There’s no investment really outside of northern Australia Indigenous fire management of any significance."<ref> [https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2020/jan/19/right-fire-for-right-future-how-cultural-burning-can-protect-australia-from-catastrophic-blazes Right fire for right future: how cultural burning can protect Australia from catastrophic blazes,] ''The Guardian'', 18 Eanáir 2020</ref> == Cúiseanna == Is iondúil go mbíonn teas an-mhór, bogthaise íseal agus gaoth ard ann roimh na tinte, rudaí a thagann le chéile chun an timpeallacht is fearr a chruthú chun tine a mhéadú.<ref>[https://www.australiangeographic.com.au/topics/science-environment/2011/11/the-worst-bushfires-in-australias-history/ The worst bushfires in Australia’s history]; 3 Nov 2011; Australian Geographic]</ref> === Adhaint, breosla agus gaoth === Is í an tintreach is cionsiocair leis an gcuid is mó de thinte ar an iargúil.<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-01-11/australias-fires-reveal-arson-not-a-major-cause/11855022 |teideal = We crunched the numbers on bushfires and arson — the results might surprise you|date = 10 January 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web | url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-01-15/is-arson-mostly-to-blame-for-the-bushfire-crisis/11865724 | teideal=Some Coalition MPS say arson is mostly to blame for the bushfire crisis. Here are the facts| date=14 January 2020}}</ref> Rud eile is cionsiocair leo línte cumhachta a leagan nó stuanna leictreacha a theacht as na línte i ngaoth ard. Na tinte a lastar de thoradh coirloisceoireachta nó neamhchúraim is iondúil go mbíonn siad le fáil in áiteanna ar furasta teacht orthu agus cuirtear srian leo gan mhoill. Is iomaí tine a thosaigh de thoradh drithlí as feithiclí feirme nó gléasra (líomhadóirí nó táthairí), tinte campaí, toitíní (uaireanta), agus dóiteáin rialaithe a théann ar seachrán ó bhearnaí tine. Faightear breosla i gcrainn, i gcasarnach agus i bhféar, agus soláthraíonn an ghaoth breis ocsaigine. Is féidir le tinte móra a ghaoth féin a dhéanamh. Eascraíonn an ghaoth sin ó na cuilithí a dhéantar le teas na gréine, agus nuair a chlaontar na cuilithí seo ó phlána cothrománach go dtí plána ingearach déantar sí gaoithe a fhéadann craobhacha agus smionagar laomtha a chaitheamh achar mór uathu.<ref>[https://science.howstuffworks.com/nature/natural-disasters/wildfire1.htm How Wildfires Work], Kevin Bonsor, How Stuff Works</ref> Braitheann caoiríl na tine agus a luas ar an teocht thimpeallach, an méid breosla, taise an bhreosla, luas na gaoithe agus an fhána.<ref name=Geo>Geoscience Australia: Bushfire: https://www.ga.gov.au/scientific-topics/community-safety/bushfire</ref> * Tá an breosla déanta de choirt scaoilte, de dhuilleoga tirime agus de chraoibhíní, agus dónn sé níos fíochmhaire má tá sé cruinnithe le chéile gan a bheith ró-dhlúth. Dónn píosa beaga breosla, leithéidí cipíní, go gasta; is minic a dhónn píosaí móra, leithéidí corp crainn, tar éis go n-imíonn an fronta dóiteáin ar aghaidh.<ref name=Geo/> * B’fhéidir nach ndófadh breosla tais ar chor ar bith. Is maith an comhartha ar chontúirt tine an t-achar a bhí ann ó thit aon bháisteach agus an méid báistí a bhí ann.<ref name=Geo/> * Tiomáineann an ghaoth an tine trí lasracha a shéideadh isteach i mbreosla nua agus trí ocsaigin a sholáthar. Chomh maith leis sin, lasann sí tinte nua trí aibhleoga a spré in airde i dtreo go bhféadann siad tinte nua a adhaint suas le 30 ciliméadar as sin le cóir na gaoithe. Má an ghaoth níos luaithe ná timpeall 15 ciliméadar san uair tagann neart mór i dteas agus i luas na tine. Má théann an tine in athrach treo is féidir le ciumhais an dóiteáin leathadh.<ref name=Geo/> * Dá airde an teocht is ea is dóichí go dtosóidh tine nó go leanfaidh sí uirthi ag dó. Is gaire an breosla dá phointe adhainte agus teocht ard ann, agus is gasta a dhónn breosla réamhthéite.<ref name=Geo/> * Tá tábhacht le bogthaise choibhneasta sa mhéid go bhfuil sé níos fusa ag plandaí dul trí thine i mbogthaise íseal toisc go scaoileann siad a gcuid taise níos éasca.<ref name=Geo/> * Déanann tinte a gcuid breosla a réamhthéamh le radaíocht agus le comhiompar. Dá bhrí sin déanann siad luas a ghéarú i gcoinne aird agus luas a mhaolú le fána. Tá tábhacht le géire na fána. Méadaíonn luas an dóiteáin faoi dhó de réir gach 10% de mhéadú ar ghéire na fána, i dtreo go mbíonn a luas ceithre huaire níos mó ar fhána fiche céim ná ar thalamh comhréidh.<ref name=Geo/> [[Íomhá:"Our house is on Fire" Greta Thunberg - Melbourne climate strike - IMG 4181 (47385366001).jpg|mion|"Our house is on Fire", agód i Melbourne, 2019]] === Athrú aeráide === Théigh aeráid na hAstráile níos mó ná céim amháin Celsius le céad bliain anuas, rud ba chúis le méadú ar iomadúlacht agus ar dhéine na dtriomach agus na dtonnta teasa.<ref name="ScientificAmerican">{{cite web|url=https://blogs.scientificamerican.com/observations/australias-angry-summer-this-is-what-climate-change-looks-like/|teideal=Australia's Angry Summer: This Is What Climate Change Looks Like|author=Nerilie Abram|date=31 December 2019|publisher=Scientific American|accessdate=3 Eanáir 2019}}</ref> Ón mbliain 2005 i leith a tharla ocht gcinn de na blianta is teo a taifeadadh san Astráil.<ref>[https://www.stuff.co.nz/environment/climate-news/118568474/australia-bushfires-spew-twothirds-of-national-carbon-emissions-in-one-season Australia bushfires spew two-thirds of national carbon emissions in one season,] Stuff, 3 Eanáir 2019</ref> Dúirt staidéar a rinneadh ag Ollscoil Melbourne in 2018 gur dócha go bhfuil na triomaigh mhóra a tharla i ndeisceart na hAstráile go déanach sa 20ú haois agus go luath sa 21ú haois “without precedent over the past 400 years".<ref>[https://theconversation.com/recent-australian-droughts-may-be-the-worst-in-800-years-94292 Recent Australian droughts may be the worst in 800 years,] The Conversation, 2 Mí na Bealtaine 2018.</ref> Tháinig méadú ar an meánteocht samhraidh ar fud na tíre,<ref>[https://www.climatecouncil.org.au/not-normal-climate-change-bushfire-web/ The facts about bushfires and climate change,] Climate Council, 13 Mí na Samhna 2019</ref> agus níor taifeadadh riamh aon séasúr ba theo ná tús an tsamhraidh in 2019.<ref>[https://www.tai.org.au/sites/default/files/Climate%20of%20the%20Nation%202019%20%5BWEB%5D.pdf Climate of the Nation2019,] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112014904/https://www.tai.org.au/sites/default/files/Climate%20of%20the%20Nation%202019%20&#91;WEB&#93;.pdf |date=2020-11-12 }} The Australia Institute, lch 3.</ref> Ba í an bhliain 2019 an bhliain ba thirime san Astráil ó 1900 i leith agus an bháisteach 40% níos ísle ná an meánmhéid.<ref name="auto2">[https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2020/jan/13/explainer-what-are-the-underlying-causes-of-australias-shocking-bushfire-season Explainer: what are the underlying causes of Australia's shocking bushfire season?] ''The Guardian'', 12 Eanáir 2020</ref> Déanann tonnta teasa agus triomaigh an chasarnach a thriomú agus géaraíonn riosca an dóiteáin. D’éirigh an scéal níos measa le tríocha bliain anuas.<ref>[http://www.climateinstitute.org.au/verve/_resources/bushfirenationalbrief.pdf "Bushfire weather in Southeast Australia: Media Brief"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131029184134/http://www.climateinstitute.org.au/verve/_resources/bushfirenationalbrief.pdf |date=2013-10-29 }}, The Climate Institute, 26 Meán an Fhómhair 2007.</ref> Ó lár na 1990idí i leith tháinig laghdú 15% ar an mbáisteach i ndeireadh an Fhómhair agus i dtús an gheimhridh agus laghdú 25% ar an meánbháisteach i Mí Aibreáin agus i Mí na Bealtaine.<ref name="auto">[https://www.climatecouncil.org.au/not-normal-climate-change-bushfire-web/ The Facts about Bushfires and Climate Change,] Climate Council, 13 Mí na Samhna 2019</ref> Tá sé ráite ag an bPainéal Idir-rialtais um Athrú Aeráide gurbh fhéidir a bheith cinnte go ndéanfadh athrú antrapaigineach aeráide iomadúlacht agus déine na dtinte a mhéadú san Astráil, tuairim a dheimhnigh a lán tuairiscí eile ó shin.<ref name=ScientificAmerican/> == Féach freisin == * [[Falscaithe san Astráil, 2019-2020]] * [[Falscaithe san Astráil, 2009]] * [[Séasúir na bhfalscaithe san Astráil]] == Tagairtí == {{reflist}} [[Catagóir:Stair na hAstráile]] [[Catagóir:Téamh domhanda]] [[Catagóir:Falscaithe]] gy2jowgp35teifkmbf1wlbggjsucnu0 0 109890 1321764 1305617 2026-07-26T23:02:27Z Taghdtaighde 60452 Catagóirí curtha leis agus mionathruithe 1321764 wikitext text/x-wiki {{WD Bosca Sonraí Duine}} Scoláire, scríbhneoir, agus craoltóir ab ea '''an Dr Fionnlagh MacLeòid''' <small>(Béarla: Finlay MacLeod)</small>. Fuair sé bás ar an 19ú lá de mhí Mheán Fómhair 2023, agus é 68 bliain d'aois.<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.bbc.com/naidheachdan/sgeulachdan/cye3z656kl2o|teideal=Fionnlagh MacLeòid air bàsachadh|dátarochtana=2023-09-20|dáta=2023-09-19}}</ref> == Saol == Rugadh agus tógadh é i Nis, [[Leòdhas]].<ref name="briseadhnacloiche">MacDhòmhnaill, D. (deas.) (1970) ''Briseadh na Cloiche'' Glaschu: Oilthigh Ghlaschu, d.84 </ref> Cuireadh oideachas air in [[Oilthigh Obar Dheathain|Ollscoil Obar Dheathain]], áit a raibh sé ina mhac léinn le [[Dòmhnall Iain MacLeòid]].<ref>MacLeod, D.J., 1990. 'Gaelicʼs Recovery'. ann an A. Hetherington (deas.) ''Highlands and Islands: A Generation of Progress''. Aberdeen: Aberdeen University Press, d.162 </ref> Bhí sé ina léachtóir le [[síceolaíocht]] in Ollscoil Obar Dheathain.<ref name="briseadhnacloiche" /><ref name="thomson92">Thomson, D. (deas.) ''Gàidhlig ann an Albainn'', Glasgow: Gairm 1976, d.92 </ref> D’oibrigh sé san oideachas mar “príomhchomhairleoir” sna h[[Na hOileáin Siar|Oileáin Thiar]].<ref name="thomson92" /> Bhí an Dr MacLeòid i measc na gcéad iontaobhaithe ar [[Sabhal Mòr Ostaig|Shabhal Mòr Ostaig]] in éineacht le Sir [[Iain Noble]], [[Somhairle MacGill-Eain]], [[D.R. Dòmhnallach]], agus [[Gòrdan Barr]].<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20130513064958/http://www.smo.uhi.ac.uk/gd/colaiste/eachdraidh-na-colaiste/ Eachdraidh na Colaiste air làrach-lìn SMO]</ref> Bronnadh an chéad [[Gradam Dhòmhnaill Meek|ghradam Dhòmhnaill Meek]] air in 2010.<ref>{{Lua idirlín |url=http://www.hebrides-news.com/dr_finlay_literary_prize-23810.html |teideal=Hebrides News |dátarochtana=2023-09-20 |archivedate=2024-11-26 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20241126150201/http://www.hebrides-news.com/dr_finlay_literary_prize-23810.html }}</ref> D'oibrigh sé mar láithreoir freisin, go háirithe sa tsraith ‘Sin Thu Fèin’ ar [[BBC Alba]], áit ar labhair sé le go leor daoine cáiliúla i saol na nGael. Bhí sé le cloisteáil go minic freisin ar Radio nan Gaidheal mar aoi, ag caint ar stair na nOileán Thiar agus ar scríbhinní [[Gaeilge na hAlban|Ghaeilge na hAlban]]. ==Scríbhneoireacht== ===Gàidhlig=== ====Leabhair==== * ''Turas a' Bhreandain: sgeulachd rèidio''; Steornabhagh, Leodhas: Acair, 1989. * ''Na Teampaill anns na h-Eileanan an Iar'' Stornoway: Acair, 1997. ISBN: 086152103x * ''Tobraichean sláinte anns na h-Eileanan an Iar''; pictiúir le Dòmhnall Iain Caimbeul. Stornoway: Acair, 2000. * ''Cas-cheum an Leòdhas = Footfall in Lewis'' pictiúir le Robert M. Adam, Steòrnabhagh : Acair 2006. * ''Dìomhanas'' Inbhir Nis: CLÀR, 2008. * ''Muilnean beaga Leòdhais''; pictiúir le John Love. Steòrnabhagh: Acair, 2009. ISBN 9780961523627 * ''Gormshuil an rìgh'' Inbhir Nis : CLÀR 2010. ====Ficsean in irisí agus i mbailiúcháin==== * 'An Cluaisean' ann an MacDhòmhnaill, D. (eag.) ''Briseadh na Cloiche.'' Glaschu: Oilthigh Ghlaschu, 1970, lgh. 63-69 * 'Victoria agus Albert' ''Gairm'' Uimh. 51, lch. 265 * 'Gèam airson Dithis', ''Gairm'' Uimh. 199, lch. 269. * 'A chàirdean - cà 'il am bàr?', Gath Uimh. 9, An tEarrach 2008, lgh. 10-17. ====Drámaí==== * ''Seonaidh''<ref name="thomson84"> MacDhòmhnaill, D. (eag.) (1970) ''Briseadh na Cloiche'' Glaschu: Oilthigh Ghlaschu, lch. 84 </ref> * ''Ceann Cropaig''<ref name="thomson84"/> * ''An Seachdamh Gealach''<ref name="thomson84"/> * ''An Comadaidh''<ref name="thomson84"/> * ''Na balaich air Rònaidh: dealbh-chluich airson réidio ann a sia earrainnean''; Obar-Dheadhan: Oilthigh Obar-Dheadhan, 1972. * ''Teaghlach Thormoid Bhuidhe: dealbhan-chluiche rèidio'' Steòrnabhagh: Acair, 1990. * 'Bar' ''Gairm'' Uimh. 196, d.354. * 'An Latha a Thàinig an t-Ailbhean’ "Gairm" Uimh. 197 Geimhreadh 2001/2002, lgh. 63-69. * 'Siorap Ina' ''Gairm'' Uimh. 198, lch. 136. ====Leabhair Chlainne==== * ''Sioba'' Inbhirnis: Club Leabhar 1975. * ''Tothan'' Inbhirnis: Club Leabhar 1975. * ''Tugainn cuairt'' Inbhirnis: An Comunn Gaidhealach Tigh Obar-Thairbh 1976. * ''Rònan agus Brianuilt''; pictiúir le Anndra MacMhoirein. Steòrnabhagh: Acair, 1978. ISBN: 086152005X * ''O Tractar!'' Steòrnabhagh: Acair 1979. * ''Ròin agus Daoine'' le John Love. Steòrnabhagh: Acair 1989. * ''Alasdair MacChoinnich ann an Canada'' Steòrnabhagh: Acair 1991. * ''Mac an t-Srònaich'' le Aonghas MacDhòmhnaill. Steòrnabhagh: Acair 1994. * ''Ailig Aurora'' Steòrnabhagh: Stòrlann; Acair, 2010. ====Aistriúcháin==== * ''Blàir mhór an t-Saoghail'' le Anna Jungmann, pictiúir le Doffy Weir. Dún Éideann: Oliver and Boyd 1977. * leabhar eachdraidh: Hannibal agus Blar Loch Trasimene - Cortes am measg nan Aztecs - An Armada - Blar Abhainn na Fala * ''Na rinn i orra'' le Angharad Tomos. Steòrnabhagh: Acair 1986. ISBN: 086152084X (aistriúchán ón Bhreatnais) * ''Mac'An Duinn'' le Angharad Tomos. Steòrnabhagh: Acair 1987 ISBN: 0861520800X (aistriúchán ón Bhreatnais) * ''A' Chnapag'' le Angharad Tomos. Steòrnabhagh: Acair 1988 (aistriúchán ón Bhreatnais) * ''A' Ghuanag'' le Angharad Tomos. Steòrnabhagh: Acair 1988 (aistriúchán ón Bhreatnais) * ''Ubhlan tofaidh puth'' le Angharad Tomos. Steòrnabhagh: Acair Earranta 1988 (aistriúchán ón Bhreatnais) * ''Siud agaibh meic'' le Angharad Tomos. Steòrnabhagh: Acair Earranta 1988 (aistriúchán ón Bhreatnais) * ''An t-sreang aodaich'' le Angharad Tomos. Steòrnabhagh: Acair 1989. (aistriúchán ón Bhreatnais) * ''A' Chràg'' le Angharad Tomos Steòrnabhagh: Acair Earranta 1989 (aistriúchán ón Bhreatnais) * ''Sgeulachdan Grimm'' Steòrnabhagh: Acair, 1990. ====Eile==== * ''Cur is Dlùth'' pictiúir le Gus Wylie, réamhrá le Fionnlagh MacLeòid. * ''An duine thainig a chunntadh nan tighea''n Steòrnabhagh: Acair (n.d.) (ag NLS) * 'Amhran, le Fionnlagh MacLeòid' ''Gairm'' Uimh. 200, lch. 344. (filíocht) * Gaelic arts a way ahead a report for the Scottish Arts Council by Finlay MacLeod (ag [[Leabharlann Nàiseanta na h-Alba]]) * ''Seòid na mara. Stiùireadh do na tidsearan''. le Anna NicDhòmhnaill. Steòrnabhagh: Acair 1989. * 'A' Ghàidhealtachd (2) An-diugh, Litir le Fionnlagh MacLeòid, Siabost, Leòdhas.' ''Gairm'' Uimh. 84, lch. 338. * ''Mac an t-Srònaich'' [taifeadadh] "Leabhar ar CD" Steòrnabhagh: Stòrlann, 2007. == Tagairtí == {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Leoid, Fionnlach Mac}} [[Catagóir:Daoine Albanacha]] [[Catagóir:Gaeil]] [[Catagóir:Scríbhneoirí Gaeilge na hAlban]] [[Catagóir:Litríocht Ghaeilge na hAlban]] [[Catagóir:Ficsean eolaíochta i nGaeilge na hAlban]] [[Catagóir:Scríbhneoirí ficsin thuairimigh]] [[Catagóir:Síceolaithe]] [[Catagóir:Léachtóirí]] [[Catagóir:Leòdhas]] [[Catagóir:Daoine a rugadh i 1955]]<!--?--> [[Catagóir:Básanna in 2023]] a2wk1v8srn94p5sb3jhdo1lc9nkzu8a 0 110659 1321689 1264074 2026-07-26T13:14:58Z An Sionnach Rua 29036 1321689 wikitext text/x-wiki {{WD Bosca Sonraí Ainmhí Bheo}} Is [[cruidín crainn]] dúdhonn é an '''[[cúcabarra]] sluasaidghobach''' (''Dacelo rex'') atá thart ar 33cm (13 orlach) i bhfad agus a bhfuil gob trom gearr leathan air nach bhfuil a mhacasamhail le fáil ar aon chruidín eile. Tá ceann dorcha le stríoc ruadhonn taobh thiar dá súile agus tá clár éadain an éin níos éadroime le dath dearg air. Tosaíonn stríoc beag oráiste atá an-fheiceálach ag súile an éin agus críochnaíonn sé ag a chluasa. Tá a scornach bhán agus tá coiléar muinéil agus íochtar ruadhonn air. geadán gléghorm, [[imreasc]] donn, [[gob]] donn-dubh(is minic cuma dhonn a bheith ar an ghob iomlán de bharr cré) le mandabal níos éadroime agus cosa éadroma air. Tá cuma an-chosúil le chéile ar an dá ghnéas ach is féidir brath ar dhath an eireabaill chun idirdhealú a dhéanamh orthu. Tá eireaball gorm dorcha ar an fhireannach agus ceann ruadhonn ar an bhaineannach. Tá cuma bhaineannach ar [[Clúmh|chlúmh]] an éin óig le cleití a bhfuil pátrún gainne orthu<ref name=":0">{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Shovel-billed Kookaburra (Dacelo rex), version 1.0|url=https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/shbkoo1/cur/introduction|journal=Birds of the World|date=2020|issn=2771-3105|doi=10.2173/bow.shbkoo1.01species_shared.bow.project_name|language=en|author=P. F. Woodall}}</ref>. == Rangú == Is é an t-éaneolaí Briotanach Richard Bowdler a rinne an chéad chur síos ar an speiceas seo sa bhliain 1880 agus rangaigh sé sa [[Géineas|ghéineas]] mhonaitíopach ''Clytoceyx'' inar fhan sé ina specieas aonarach go dtí an bhliain 2017 é<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=The Annals and magazine of natural history; zoology, botany, and geology|url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/81219|publisher=Taylor and Francis, Ltd|date=1880|location=London|volume=ser.5:v.6=no.31-36 (1880)}}</ref>. Ceapadh gurb é an cúcabarra sluasaidghobach an t-aon ionadaí den [[Géineas|ghéineas]] ''Clytoceyx'' sular léirigh staidéar filighiniteach móilíneach a foilsíodh in 2017 gur speiceas deirféar é leis an chúcabarra bhreac laistigh den ghéineas ''Dacelo''<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=A phylogeny of kingfishers reveals an Indomalayan origin and elevated rates of diversification on oceanic islands|url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jbi.13139|journal=Journal of Biogeography|date=2018-02|issn=0305-0270|pages=269–281|volume=45|issue=2|doi=10.1111/jbi.13139|language=en|author=Michael J. Andersen, Jenna M. McCullough, William M. Mauck, Brian Tilston Smith, Robert G. Moyle}}</ref>. D'athrangaigh an [[Chomhdháil Éaneolaíoch Idirnáisiúnta]] é sa ghéineas ''Dacelo'' in 2023 agus is comhchiallach é ''Clytoceyx'' de ''Dacelo'' ó shin i leith<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.worldbirdnames.org/new/bow/rollers/|teideal=Rollers, ground rollers, kingfishers – IOC World Bird List|work=www.worldbirdnames.org|dátarochtana=03-02-2023}}</ref><ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|author=Michael J. Andersen, Jenna M. McCullough, William M. Mauck III, Brian Tilston Smith, Robert G. Moyle|date=2017|title=A phylogeny of kingfishers reveals an Indomalayan origin and elevated rates of diversification on oceanic islands.|issue=45(2)|doi=10.1111/jbi.13139|publisher=Journal of Biogeography}}</ref>. == Tacsanomaíocht == Is éan [[eindéimeach]] de bhunadh [[An Nua-Ghuine|na Nua-Ghuine]] é an cúcabarra sluasaidghobach<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Birds of New Guinea: Distribution, Taxonomy, and Systematics|url=https://books.google.ie/books?id=wRR1CwAAQBAJ&pg=PA226&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false|publisher=Princeton University Press|date=2016-03-29|language=en|author=Bruce M. Beehler, Thane K. Pratt}}</ref>. Ní aithnítear aon fhospeicis toisc go bhfuil na difríochtaí clúimh idir an dá chine ''imperator'' agus ''septentrionalis'' an-bheag. Faightear an t-éan seo i gcoillte cnoic de ghnáth ach tá taifid den éan seo ó [[leibhéal na mara]] suas go hairde 2400m (7850tr)<ref name=":1">{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22683202/92978611|teideal=Clytoceyx rex|údar=BirdLife International|coauthors=IUCN Red List of Threatened Species|dáta=2016|doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22683202A92978611|dátarochtana=11-11-2021}}</ref>. Faigheann an cúcabarra sluasaidghobach a chuid bia i láib nó i dtalamh tais. Péist talún, seilidí, ciaróga, laghairteanna agus feithidí is mó atá i gceist le réim bia an éin seo. Tá sé neamhfheiceálach agus ní minic a fheictear é. Tá seans maith ann gur ainmhí leath-[[Ainmhí clapsholais|chlapsholais]] é an cúcabarra sluasaidghobach<ref name=":0" />. == Caomhantas == Éan forleathan ach neamhchoitianta is ea an cúcabarra sluasaidghobach atá le fáil i gcuid mhaith den Nua-Ghuine agus meastar an t-éan seo a bheith ina [[speiceas is lú imní]] dar le [[Liosta Dearg an AICD|Liosta Dearg]] de Speicis faoi Bhagairt an [[An tAontas Idirnáisiúnta do Chaomhnú an Dúlra|Aontais Idirnáisiúnta do Chaomhnú an Dúlra]] toisc nach bhfuil aon shainbhagairt aithnithe<ref name=":1" />. == Tagairtí == 5ah2sv7kge6zgdjbp7jnsxktil3g6kk 0 113711 1321747 1299376 2026-07-26T22:27:53Z TGcoa 21229 /* Cás Vincent Kearney */ 1321747 wikitext text/x-wiki {{WD Bosca Sonraí Imeacht}} [[Íomhá:Riot police march in unison, following the trail of loyalists flooding back into East Belfast.jpg|mion|[[Seirbhís Póilíneachta Thuaisceart Éireann]] i mBéal Feirste, 2013]] Bhí an [[SPTÉ]] ([[Seirbhís Póilíneachta Thuaisceart Éireann]]) i mbun faireachais ar scata [[Iriseoir|iriseoirí]], go seasta, ó 2006 go dtí na 2020idí, nó '''Oibríochtaí faireachais de chuid na SPTÉ ar iriseoirí i dTuaisceart Éireann'''.<ref>Béarla: Scandal of PSNI (Police Service of Northern Ireland) spying and surveillance operations on journalists </ref><ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.amnesty.org.uk/press-releases/northern-ireland-chilling-evidence-police-routinely-spying-trouble-making|teideal=Northern Ireland: 'Chilling' evidence of police routinely spying on 'trouble-making' journalists|language=en|work=www.amnesty.org.uk|dátarochtana=2024-05-15}}</ref> Is é míniú na SPTÉ gur ‘iriseoir mioscaiseach is ea tuairisceoir a bhíonn go síoraí sa tóir ar scéalta‘. Ba iad na scéalta atá ‘mí-áisiúil do na póilíní’ na cinn ba mhaith leo a chosc.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/article/2024/may/08/northern-ireland-police-spied-on-investigative-journalists-tribunal-told|teideal=Northern Ireland police spied on investigative journalists, tribunal told|údar=Haroon Siddique, Haroon Siddique Legal affairs correspondent|dáta=2024-05-08|language=en-GB|work=The Guardian|dátarochtana=2024-05-15}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/psni-amnesty-international-northern-ireland-investigatory-powers-tribunal-london-b2545296.html|teideal=Claims PSNI spied on journalists ‘undermining confidence in policing’|údar=Jonathan McCambridge|dáta=2024-05-15|language=en|work=The Independent|dátarochtana=2024-05-15}}</ref><ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.nuj.org.uk/resource/nuj-backs-northern-ireland-policing-board-request-for-urgent-meeting-with-psni-chief.html|teideal=NUJ backs Northern Ireland Policing Board request for urgent meeting with PSNI Chief Constable|údar=NUJ|work=www.nuj.org.uk|dátarochtana=2024-05-15}}</ref> == Córas == Tháinig an scannal chun solais i ndiaidh líomhaintí cúirte go ndearnadh monatóireacht mhídhleathach ar ghutháin de chuid roinnt tuairisceoirí.<ref name=":2">{{Lua idirlín|url=https://podcasts.apple.com/ca/podcast/8-meitheamh-2024-an-d%C3%BAn/id1525428808?i=1000658268108|teideal=‎Nuacht Mhall: 8 Meitheamh 2024 (An Dún) on Apple Podcasts|údar=Conradh na Gaeilge, Londain|dáta=15 Meitheamh 2024|language=ga-IE|work=Apple Podcasts|dátarochtana=2024-06-22}}</ref> Tugadh fianaise i mí na Bealtaine 2024 ag cúirt i Londain, an [[Binse Cumhachtaí Iniúchta]] ([[BCI]])<ref>Béarla: Investigatory Powers Tribunal nó an IPT (uaireanta "Investigative")</ref><ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Investigatory Powers Tribunal|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Investigatory_Powers_Tribunal&oldid=1216540619|journal=Wikipedia|date=2024-03-31|language=en}}</ref> (a éisteann gearáin faoi mhí-iompar na [[Gníomhaireacht Faisnéise|seirbhísí faisnéise)]].<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=http://theconversation.com/four-major-threats-to-press-freedom-in-the-uk-228932|teideal=Four major threats to press freedom in the UK|údar=William Horsley|dáta=2024-05-03|language=en-US|work=The Conversation|dátarochtana=2024-05-15}}</ref> Ó thosaigh an BCI ag fiosrú na caingne, tá fianaise faighte aige go raibh an SPTÉ ag spiaireacht ar iriseoirí go leor, go rialta. Nochtadh i mbeart 600 leathanach de thaifid a cuireadh ar fáil don mbinse in 2024 go raibh ochtar iriseoirí á bhfaire, a mbillí teileafóin á scrúdú féachaint cé na huimhreacha a raibh siad i dteagmháil leo. Agus bhí go leor eile ar bhunachar, ní haon ionadh é go bhfuil amhras coitianta gur rud é an faireachas ar iriseoirí a bhí go smior sa chóras. Cuireadh tús leis an tseiceáil sin mar ‘scéim chosanta’ don SPTÉ in 2007.<ref name=":0" /> Dar le tuairisc déanta ag SPTÉ i mí an Mheithimh 2024, bhí breis is 320 iarratas déanta acu ar rochtain ar shonraí cumarsáide iriseoirí idir 2010-2013. Ar 10 gcinn de na hócáidí seo, bhain sé le hiarracht a dhéanamh ar a gcuid foinsí a aithint trí mhodhanna rúnda. Dúirt an SPTÉ gur minic a bhí sonraí á lorg acu nuair a bhí na hiriseoirí ina n-íospartaigh, ina n-amhrastaigh nó ina bhfiannéithe. Dúradh sa tuarascáil fosta go ndearnadh 500 iarratas ar shonraí a bhain le dlíodóirí le linn na tréimhse céanna. Dúradh sa tuarascáil go raibh na hócáidí ina ndearnadh iarracht foinse iriseora a aithint bainteach le himscrúduithe ar “nochtadh neamhúdaraithe” fhaisnéis nó dhoiciméid na SPTÉ . Dúirt an SPTÉ go ndéanann sé thart ar 8,500 iarratas sonraí cumarsáide gach bliain. D'iarr Amnesty International agus Aontas Náisiúnta na nIriseoirí go ndéanfaí fiosrúchán ar ghníomhaíocht faireachais póilíneachta. I mí an Mheithimh 2024, i ráiteas, dúirt an Bord Póilíneachta nár thug an Tuarascáil de chuid na SPTÉ “gach ráthaíocht a bhí de dhíth ar dhaoine”. d’fhógair an Príomh-Chonstábla [[Jon Boutcher]] go ndéanfaidh dlíodóir, Angus McCullough KC, athbhreithniú ar chúrsaí faireachais.<ref name=":2" /> [[Íomhá:O'Toole's Pub, The Heights, Loughinisland - geograph.org.uk - 1444364.jpg|mion|O'Toole's Pub, The Heights, Loughinisland, 2009]] === Sléacht Loch an Oileáin === Bhí cás na n-iriseoirí Barry McCaffrey agus Trevor Birney curtha faoi bhráid an bhinse in 2024.<ref name=":0" /> Sa bhliain 2013, bhí Barry McCaffrey i mbun fiosruithe ar [[Sléacht Loch an Oileáin|Shléacht Loch an Oileáin]] (i 1994) don suíomh idirlín ''[[The Detail]]'', seirbhís a bhfuil ardmheas uirthi. In ionad déileáil leis an gceist ar an ngnáthbhealach, mar a dhéantar leis na scórtha glaonna gach lá, chinn bleachtairí an SPTÉ nár mhór a fháil amach céard a bhí ar eolas ag an gceistitheoir. Glactar leis go raibh siad ag iarraidh eolas a aimsiú faoina chuid foinsí. Chuige sin rinneadh scrúdú nó ‘monatóireacht’ faoi rún ar ghuthán McCaffrey.<ref name=":1">{{Lua idirlín|url=https://tuairisc.ie/cathain-a-aithneoidh-an-psni-nach-coir-i-an-iriseoireacht-iniuchta/|teideal=Cathain a aithneoidh an PSNI nach coir í an iriseoireacht iniúchta?|údar=Póilín Ní Chiaráin|dáta=26 Iúil 2023|language=ga-IE|work=Tuairisc.ie|dátarochtana=2024-05-15}}</ref> Baineann gearán na beirte roimh an m[[BCI]] leis an gcaoi ar caitheadh leo i ndiaidh a scannáin ''"[https://vimeo.com/253637267 No Stone Unturned]"<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://vimeo.com/253637267|teideal=No stone unturned|údar=Alex Gibney|dáta=2017|language=en|work=ar Vimeo|dátarochtana=2020-06-18}}</ref><ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=No Stone Unturned|url=http://www.imdb.com/title/tt6781498/|author=IMDB|date=2017|journal=|volume=|issue=}}</ref>'' faoi chlaonpháirteachas agus fiosrú easnamhach ar [[Sléacht Loch an Oileáin|Shléacht Loch an Oileáin]] i 1994, scannán a tháinig amach in 2017. Rinneadh é faoin Acht um Rialáil na gCumhachtaí Imscrúdaithe, 2000. D’admhaigh rialtas na Breataine in 2022 gur sháraigh Acht 2000 an [[Coinbhinsiún Eorpach um Chearta an Duine|Coinbhinsiún Eorpach um Chearta an Duine.]] An bhliain dár gcionn in 2018 rinne póilíní ruathar ar thithe Barry McCaffrey agus Trevor Birney agus oifig an chomhlacht léirithe Fine Point Films a rinne an scannán. . Ba iad na hiriseoirí seachas na hamhrastaigh dhílseacha a gabhadh. Tógadh a ríomhairí agus gutháin agus b’éigean éirí as cás cúirte ina gcoinne mar nár bhris siad aon dlí: cleas spiaireachta ab ea an t-iomlán ag iarraidh a fháil amach cérbh iad a gcuid foinsí.<ref name=":0" /> In 2020, d’íoc an SPTÉ cúiteamh £875,000 le McCaffrey, Birney agus an comhlacht léirithe agus ghabh an Príomhchonstábla, Simon Byrne, leithscéal gan choinníoll leis an mbeirt iriseoirí. Ansin rinne na hiriseoirí gearán leis an m[[BCI]] faoi mhí-úsáid a bheith bainte as a gcuid comhad.<ref name=":1" /> === Cás Vincent Kearney === Tháinig sé chun solais le linn imeachtaí ag an mBinse Cumhachtaí Iniúchta i Londain go ndearnadh monatóireacht neamhdhleathach ar an iriseoir [[Vincent Kearney]] idir 2006 agus 2014. Rinne [[MI5]], an [[Seirbhís Póilíneachta Thuaisceart Éireann|SPTÉ]] agus póilíní Londan monatóireacht ar Kearney ó 2006 go dtí 2014, monatóireacht a bhí go hiomlán neamhdhleathach. Cuid d'fheachtas fada, leanúnach agus neamhdhleathach a bhí sa mhonatóireacht a rinne seirbhísí faisnéise na Breataine ar Kearney. Theastaigh uathu fáil amach cé na foinsí a bhí aige maidir le scéalta nuachta áirithe. Chruthaigh an SPTÉ próifíl mhionsonraithe de dhintiúir phearsanta agus phroifisiúnta Kearney, sonraí faoina bhean chéile agus máthair a chéile san áireamh. <ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Monatóireacht neamhdhleathach déanta ar iriseoir i mBéal Feirste|url=https://www.rte.ie/news/nuacht/2026/0225/1560389-monatoireacht-neamhdhleathach-deanta-ar-iriseoir-i-mbeal-feirste/|date=2026-02-25|language=ga-IE|author=Nuacht RTÉ}}</ref> Rialaigh Binse Fiosraithe, an IPT, a scrúdaíonn conas a fheidhmíonn seirbhísí faisnéise, gur bailíodh sonraí an iriseora go mídhleathach. D’ordaigh do MI5 £10,000 a íoc le Vincent Kearney agus tugadh an t-ordú céanna don PSNI; £20,000 ar fad. Cé nach ar mhaithe le cúiteamh airgid a thóg Kearney agus an BBC an cás, ba chéim suntasach é go mb’éigean do MI5 admháil a dhéanamh agus cúiteamh a íoc den chéad uair ariamh.<ref name=":02">{{Lua idirlín|url=https://tuairisc.ie/bua-do-vincent-kearney-agus-don-iriseoireacht-ach-tuilleadh-de-dhith/|teideal=Bua do Vincent Kearney agus don iriseoireacht, ach tuilleadh de dhíth|údar=Póilín Ní Chiaráin|dáta=26 Iúil 2026|language=ga-IE|work=Tuairisc.ie|dátarochtana=2026-07-26}}</ref> {{Príomhalt|Vincent Kearney}} == Iarmhairtí == Údar mór imní d’iriseoirí é an SPTÉ a bheith ag dul ag tóraíocht i sonraí atá príobháideach, go háirithe nuair atá rúndacht geallta d’fhoinsí.<ref name=":1" /> Ní coir í an iriseoireacht, fiú [[iriseoireacht iniúchta]].<ref name=":1" /> Smál ar an SPTÉ is ea an faireachas ar iriseoirí a chothaíonn mímhuinín sa phóilíneacht úrnua a bhí in ainm is a bheith níos iontaofa ná an [[Constáblacht Ríoga Uladh|RUC]].<ref name=":0">{{Lua idirlín|url=https://tuairisc.ie/sainmhiniu-an-psni-ar-iriseoir-mioscaiseach-tuairisceoir-a-bhionn-go-siorai-sa-toir-ar-scealta/|teideal=Sainmhíniú an PSNI ar ‘iriseoir mioscaiseach‘? Tuairisceoir a bhíonn go síoraí sa tóir ar scéalta…|údar=Póilín Ní Chiaráin|dáta=15 Bealtaine 2024|language=ga-IE|work=Tuairisc.ie|dátarochtana=2024-05-15}}</ref><ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.irishnews.com/news/northern-ireland/psni-to-provide-report-on-extent-of-snooping-on-journalists-and-lawyers-policing-board-confirms-SZDCXJYSXRDK5KII5VCAAKQS7U/|teideal=PSNI to provide report on extent of snooping on journalists and lawyers, Policing Board confirms|dáta=2024-05-15|language=en|work=The Irish News|dátarochtana=2024-05-15}}</ref> Bhí ceardchumann na n-iriseoirí an NUJ ag éileamh fiosrú poiblí. Is deacair muinín a chur i ngeallúintí nuair is baolach go raibh an faireachas forleathan. Ní raibh sna cinntí ón IPT faoi McCaffrey agus Birney agus ansin [[Vincent Kearney]] ach tús.<ref name=":02" /> == Féach freisin == * [[Sléacht Loch an Oileáin]], [[Vincent Kearney]] * [[Sceitheadh eolais de chuid na SPTÉ]] * [[Coinbhinsiún Eorpach um Chearta an Duine]] * [[Gníomhaireacht Faisnéise]] * [[Vincent Kearney]] == Tagairtí == {{reflist}} [[Catagóir:Seirbhís Póilíneachta Thuaisceart Éireann]] [[Catagóir:Scannail Pholaitiúla in Éirinn]] [[Catagóir:Spiaireacht]] [[Catagóir:Iriseoirí Éireannacha]] [[Catagóir:Stair Thuaisceart Éireann]] [[Catagóir:Sárú ar chearta an duine in Éirinn]] ntf4behxdek3don5a5lcj3pt15nuxj0 0 114160 1321763 1299845 2026-07-26T23:02:18Z Taghdtaighde 60452 Catagóirí curtha leis 1321763 wikitext text/x-wiki {{WD Bosca Sonraí Duine}} Scríbhneoir agus craoltoir as [[an t-Eilean Sgitheanach|an Eilean Sgitheanach]] ba ea '''Eilidh Watt''' (22 Eanáir 1908 – 25 Lúnasa 1996). Bhí sí ina feachtasóir ar son an chomhionannais agus chearta na mban. == Beatha == Rugadh Eilidh NicAsgaill ar an [[an t-Eilean Sgitheanach|Eilean Sgitheanach]] ar an 22 Eanáir 1908. Ba í a máthair Ciorsdan NicGill-Eathain agus ba é a hathair an gabha áitiúil.<ref>https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/367680960: The Biographical Dictionary of Scottish women : from the earliest times to 2004. 2006, Edinburgh University Press, in eagar ag Ewan, Elizabeth., Innes, Sue., Reynolds, Sian. ISBN: 9780748626601. OCLC: 367680960</ref> Chuaigh sí ar Ard-Scoil Phort Rìgh agus fuair sí céim ó Ollscoil [[Glaschú|Ghlaschú]]. Chuaigh sí ag obair mar mhúinteoir agus í ag múineadh Béarla sa Tairbeart ar [[na Hearadh]] agus i bPort Rìgh, sular phós sí Robert Watt. Chuaigh sí chun cónaithe i nDùn Phàrlain, a bhaile dúchais.<ref>https://sgeulnagaidhlig.ac.uk/sreath-dheilbh-ceumnachadh/: Sreath-dheilbh: ceumnachadh – Sgeul na Gàidhlig aig Oilthigh Ghlaschu: sgeulnagaidhlig.ac.uk. Dáta rochtana, 2018-05-15</ref> Nuair a phós sí bhí uirthi éirí as an múinteoireacht, ach tugadh ar ais í i rith an [[Dara Cogadh Domhanda]] agus rinneadh Leas-Phríomoide Mheánscoil Moss-side in Cowdenheath di. Bhí sí ar a dícheall ag cur an chomhionanannais chun cinn san Educational Institute of Scotland.<ref>http://www.eis.org.uk</ref> agus sa Commonwealth Party, páirtí nuabhunaithe.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news|url=https://www.heraldscotland.com/news/12034548.helen-eilidh-macaskill-watt/|teideal=Helen (Eilidh) Macaskill Watt|date=1996|newspaper=The Herald|location=Scotland|language=en|access-date=11 September 2019}}</ref> == Saothar liteartha == Is iomaí gearrscéal a scríobh Watt i nGaeilge na hAlban agus is minic a bhí a saothar le feiceáil ar an ráitheachán ''[[Gairm]]''; chuir sí tús le scéalta do pháistí chomh maith.<ref>Macdonald, Roderick, ‘Some Present-day Trends in Gaelic Writing in Scotland,’ Studies in Scottish Literature, Volume 29, Issue 1: https://scholarcommons.sc.edu/ssl/vol29/iss1/10. Dáta rochtana 19 Bealtaine 2018.</ref> Foilsíodh roinnt dá gearrscéalta mar leabhair.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.skyelit.co.uk/prose/creat5.htm|teideal=Bibliography of Eilidh Watt's Gaelic short stories|website=www.skyelit.co.uk|access-date=2018-05-17|archive-date=18 May 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180518130041/http://www.skyelit.co.uk/prose/creat5.htm|url-status=dead|dátarochtana=2024-06-16|archivedate=2018-05-18|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180518130041/http://www.skyelit.co.uk/prose/creat5.htm}}</ref> Chuaigh Watt ar scor in 1969 agus chuaigh ar ais go dtí an t-Eilean Sgitheanach. Fuair sí bás in [[Inbhear Nis]] ar an 25 Lúnasa 1996. Mhair a mac Ronald ina diaidh.<ref name=":0" /> === Leabhair === * ''A’ Bhratach Dhealrach'' (1972) Club Leabhar * ''Latha a’ Choin Duibh agus Ipilidh'' (1972) Club Leabhar * ''Gun Fhois'' (1987)'' Macdonald === Díolamaí === * '''Coinneach D. MacDhomhnaill''' (eag.). ''Briseadh na Cloiche, agus sgeulachdan eile. ''Glaschu: Roinn nan Cànan Ceilteach, Oilthigh Ghlaschu., 1970. - Eilidh Watt. ‘An t-Ogha’, lgh 77–81. * '''Donnchadh MacGuaire''' (eag.)'''. '''''Mu ‘n cuairt an Cagailte. ''Inbhirnis: Club Leabhar, 1972. - Eilidh Watt. ‘An Reic’, lgh 57–63, and ‘Alasdair Dubh Domhnallach’, lgh 73–79. * '''Amannan : Sgialachdan Goirid'''. [Duneidinn]: U & R Chambers, 1979. - Eilidh Watt. ‘Teine a Loisgeas’, lgh 17–27, agus ‘An t-As-Creidhmeach’, lgh 95–100 === Scéalta in ''Gairm'' === * An Samhradh 1971, ‘A’ Bhàs’, lgh 217–220. * An t-Earrach 1972, ‘Aon Fhacal anns an Dus’, lgh 111–116. * An Samhradh 1972, ‘An Duine Cumanta’, lgh 205–209. * Am Foghar 1972, ‘An Tàcharan’, lgh 335–340. * An t-Earrach 1973, ‘An Còta’, lgh 123–126. * An Samhradh 1973, ‘An Comharradh’, lgh 213–214. * Am Foghar 1973, ‘Sgiathan an Dealain-Dé’, lgh 313–318. * An Geamhradh 1973, ‘Solus’, lgh 60–63. * An t-Earrach 1974, ‘Anns a’ Cheann Thall’, lgh 159–162. * Am Foghar 1974, ‘An Iobairt’, lgh 353–357. * An Geamhradh 1974–75, ‘Bannan’, lgh 13–18. * An t-Earrach 1975, ‘Calman Geal’, lgh 155–160. * An Geamhradh 1975–76, ‘An Cumhnant’, lgh 11–16. * An Samhradh 1976, ‘An Té-Leasachaidh’, lgh 239–242. * Am Foghar 1976, ‘Far-Ainm’, lgh 310–314. * An Samhradh 1977, ‘Curstaidh’, lgh 257–261. * An Geamhradh 1977–78, ‘Buadhach is Sgriost’, lgh 23–26. * An Samhradh 1978, ‘Ribeannan Dearga’, lgh 275–276. * An t-Earrach 1979, ‘Sligean Falamh’, lgh 121–125. * Am Foghar 1979, ‘Seonaidh na Theinn’, lgh 333–338. * An t-Earrach 1980, ‘Dà Iomhaigh’, lgh 176–180. * Samhradh / Foghar 1980, ‘Sinne na Fir a-Nis’, lgh2 80–284. * An t-Earrach 1981, ‘Lorgaidh an Uair an Duine’, lgh 136–138. * An Samhradh 1981, ‘Dìleas’, lgh 249–254. * Am Foghar 1981, ‘Duine Beag is Duine Mór’, lgh 308–313. * An Geamhradh 1981–82), ‘Cha B’ann Mar Seo a Bha Iad air T BH’, lgh 41–44. * An t-Earrach 1982, ‘Puraraich Cait’, lgh 130–134. * An Samhradh 1982, ‘An Ceathramh Fear’, lgh 219–223. * Am Foghar 1982, ‘ B’e’, lgh 337–341. * An Geamhradh 1982–83, ‘An Déidh-Làimh’, lgh 33–37. * An t-Earrach 1983, ‘A’ Tighinn gu Cala’, lgh 111–116. * An Samhradh 1983, ‘Roghainn’, lgh 232–236. * An Geamhradh 1983–84, ‘Na Màthraichean’, lgh 61–65. * An t-Earrach 1984, ‘Car Eile ‘n Adhairc an Daimh’, lgh 159–163. * Am Foghar 1984, ‘An Seot’, lgh 354–358. * An Geamhradh 1984–85, ‘Cha Chreach Thu Nead Na Smeòraich’, lgh 28–32. * Am Foghar 1985, ‘Ainm a’ Chiad Ghille’, lgh 335–338. * An Geamhradh 1985–86, ‘Crìochan’, lgh 47–52. * An Samhradh 1986, ‘Bràithrean’, lgh 248–255. * An Geamhradh 1987/88, ‘Seumas’, lgh 71–86. * An Samhradh 1988, ‘Roghainn’, lgh 260–263. * An t-Earrach 1989, ‘An Neo-dhàimheil’, lgh 124–127. * An Samhradh 1990, ‘Mordo Beag’, lgh 270–275. * An Geamhradh 1990–91, ‘Seann Cleasan is Cleasan Ura’, lgh 19–22. * An t-Earrach 1992, ‘Duilleag air a Sèideadh Leis a’ Ghaoith’, lgh 141–147. * Am Foghar 1993, ‘Is Toigh Leis an Fheannaig’, lgh 319–322. * An t-Earrach 1995, ‘An Spìonadair’, lgh 183–185. ==Nótaí== {{reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Watt, Eilidh}} [[Catagóir:Scríbhneoirí Albanacha]] [[Catagóir:Gearrscéalaithe]] [[Catagóir:Litríocht Ghaeilge na hAlban]] [[Catagóir:Ficsean eolaíochta i nGaeilge na hAlban]] [[Catagóir:Scríbhneoirí ficsin thuairimigh]] [[Catagóir:Scríbhneoirí do pháistí]] [[Catagóir:Gaeilge na hAlban]] [[Catagóir:An t-Eilean Sgitheanach]] [[Catagóir:Feiminigh]] [[Catagóir:Gníomhaithe cearta na mban]] [[Catagóir:Daoine a rugadh i 1908]] [[Catagóir:Básanna i 1996]] 3dh4ueb41k8o5d8r5rf5zxbyodugo83 0 118819 1321690 1288164 2026-07-26T13:16:21Z An Sionnach Rua 29036 1321690 wikitext text/x-wiki {{WD Bosca Sonraí Ainmhí Bheo}} [[Íomhá:Laughing_kookaburra_plate_663_Planches_enluminées_d'histoire_naturelle.jpg|deas|mion| Pláta daite leis an eochair eolais mhícheart a d’úsáid [[Johann Hermann]] agus [[Pieter Boddaert]] araon]] [[Íomhá:Kookaburra-making-hollow-in-arboreal-termite-nest_1.jpg|mion| Cúcabarra gáiriteach ag déanamh log i gcomhair neide i nead chrannach teirmíte.]] Is éan é an '''[[cúcabarra]] gáiriteach''' ('''''Dacelo novaeguineae''''') i bhfofhine na [[Cruidín|gcruidíní]] [[Cruidín crainn|Halcyoninae]]. Is cruidín mór láidir é le ceann bán agus stríoc súile dhonn<ref name=":0" /> Tá na codanna uachtaracha dá gcoirp dúdhonn don chuid is mó ach tá scead ghealghorm bhreac ar na [[cleití ceilte]].<ref name=":4">{{Luaigh foilseachán|author=Morcombe, Michael|date=2003|title=Field Guide to Australian Birds|issue=3|publisher=Pascal Press, Glebe, NSW ISBN 978174021417-9}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Luaigh foilseachán|author=Pizzey, Graham; Doyle, Roy.|date=1980|title=A Field Guide to the Birds of Australia|publisher=Collins Publishers, Sydney. ISBN 073222436-5}}</ref> Tá codanna íochtar a gcoirp bánbhuí agus barrtar an t-eireaball le tarr-ruadhonn agus dubh.<ref name=":0" /> Tá clúmh na n-éan fireannach agus baineannach cosúil le chéile. Is gáire faoi leith é a nglao cosantach a dhéanann cupla éan ag an am chéanna go minic agus úsáidtear é go forleathan mar [[Maisíocht fuaime stoc|mhaisíocht fuaime stoc]] i gcásanna a bhaineann le suíomh dufair.<ref name=":11">{{Lua idirlín|url=https://soundandthefoley.com/2013/05/30/that-jungle-sound/|teideal=That Jungle Sound|údar=Melissa Kaercher|dáta=2013-05-30|language=Béarla|work=The Sound and the Foley|dátarochtana=2025-04-23}}</ref> Is as [[Oirthear na hAstráile|oirthear mhórthír na hAstráile]] ó dhúchas don chúcabarra gháiriteach ach tugadh isteach in áiteanna sa [[An Nua-Shéalainn|Nua-Shéalainn]], sa [[An Tasmáin|Tasmáin]] agus san [[An Astráil Thiar|Astráil Thiar]] é fosta.<ref name=":5" /> Cuireann an t-éan seo faoi i bhforaois thirim [[Eocalaip|eocalaipe]], i gcoillearnach, i bpáirceanna cathracha agus i ngairdíní.<ref name=":5" /> Is speiceas neamhimirceach é an speiceas seo agus cuireann sé faoi sa [[dúiche]] féin agus a gcuireann sé i rith na bliana. Tá sé [[Monagamas|monagamach]] agus coimeádann sé an páirtí céanna ar feadh a shaoil . Is féidir le péire pórúcháin a bheith in éineacht le cúig shliocht fhásta neamhphórúcháin ó bhlianta roimhe sin a chabhraíonn leis na tuismitheoirí a ndúiche a chosaint agus a n-éin óga a thógáil.<ref name=":5" /> Póraíonn an cúcabarra gáiriteach i bpoill chrainn neamhlínithe nó i bpoill thochailte i neadacha [[Teirmít|teirmíte]] crannach go ginearálta.<ref name=":5" /> Trí ubh bhána is ea líon na n-uibheacha ina gcuid ál. Gorann na tuismitheoirí agus na cúntóirí na huibheacha agus beathaíonn siad na héin óga. Is minic a mharaíonn na siblíní níos sine an t-éan óg is óige den trí éan óga. Nuair atá na gearrcaigh [[faoi lán chlúimhrí|faoi lán clúimhrí]] beathaítear fós iad ar feadh sé go deich seachtaine eile sular féidir leo dul ar thóir foráiste go neamhspleách.<ref name=":6">{{Luaigh foilseachán|author=Fry, C. H.; Fry, Kathie; Harris, Alan|date=1999|title=Kingfishers, Bee-eaters and Rollers|pages=lgh 133-136|publisher=Londain: Christopher Helm. ISBN 978-0-7136-5206-2}}</ref> Mar chreachadóir raonleathan ainmhithe beaga, seasann an cúcabarra gáiriteach ar chraobh agus fanann sé go dtí go dtéann ainmhí ar an talamh tráth a eitlíonn sé síos agus a thugann sé áladh ar a chuid chreiche.<ref name=":4" /> Bíonn laghairteanna, feithidí, péisteanna, nathracha, lucha san áireamh le haiste bia an éin agus tá de cháil acu iasc órga a bhaint amach as locháin i ngairdíní. Rangaíonn [[an tAontas Idirnáisiúnta do Chaomhnú an Dúlra]] (AICD) an cúcabarra gáiriteach mar [[speiceas is lú imní]] toisc go bhfuil raon agus daonra mór aige gan aon bhagairtí fhorleathana.<ref name=":12">{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Dacelo novaeguineae|url=https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22683189/253968941|journal=IUCN Red List of Threatened Species|date=2024-01-15|author=BirdLife International (BirdLife International)}}</ref> == Tacsanomaíocht == [[Íomhá:Laughing_Kookaburra_Sydney_2023.webm|mion| Cúcabarra gáiriteach, Audley, Sydney, 2023]] Rinne an nádúraí agus an taiscéalaí Francach Pierre Sonnerat an chéad chur síos agus léaráid den chúcabarra gháiriteach (i ndubh agus bán) ina ''Voyage à la nouvelle Guinée'', a foilsíodh in 1776.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Voyage à la Nouvelle Guinée : dans lequel on trouve la description des lieux, des observations physiques & morales, & des détails relatifs à l'histoire naturelle dans le regne animal & le regne végétal|url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/13719308|publisher=Chez Ruault|date=1776|location=Paris|author=Pierre Sonnerat, Pierre Sonnerat|language=Fraincis|pages=p. 170, Pláta 106}}</ref><ref name=":7">{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=The Scientific Name of the Laughing Kookaburra: Dacelo Glgas (Boddaert) V. Dacelo Novaeguineae (Hermann)|url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1071/MU9770035|journal=Emu - Austral Ornithology|date=1977-01-01|issn=0158-4197|pages=35–36|volume=77|issue=1|doi=10.1071/MU9770035|author=G. F. Mees}}</ref> Mhaígh sé go bhfaca sé an t-éan sa [[An Nua-Ghuine|Nua-Ghuine]]. I bhfírinne níor thug sé cuairt ar an Nua-Ghuine riamh agus ní fhaightear an cúcabarra gáiriteach inti. Is dócha go bhfuair sé eiseamal caomhnaithe ó dhuine de na nádúraithe a thaistil in éineacht leis an [[James Cook|Chaptaen James Cook]] go cósta thoir na hAstráile.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Why did Sonnerat record the Kookaburra, Dacelo gigas (Boddaert) from New Guinea?|url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1071/MU956224|journal=Emu - Austral Ornithology|date=1956-08-01|issn=0158-4197|pages=224–225|volume=56|issue=3|doi=10.1071/MU956224|author=Averil Lysaght}}</ref> Chuir Edme-Louis Daubenton agus François-Nicolas Martinet pláta daite den chúcabarra gháiriteach bunaithe ar eiseamal Sonnerat isteach ina sraith ''Planches enluminées d’histoire naturelle'' (Plátaí daite ar an stair nádúrtha). Deir eochair eolais Fraincise ar an phláta úd "''Martin-pecheur, de la Nouvelle Guinée''" (Cruidín ón Nua-Ghuine), arb eol dúinn anois nach fíor é.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|author=Daubenton, Edme-Louis; Martinet, François-Nicolas .|date=1765–1783|url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/35219151|title=Planches enluminées d'histoire naturelle|volume=7|pages=Pláta 663|publisher=Páras}}</ref> Rinne an nádúraí Francach Johann Hermann an chéad chur síos foirmiúil ar an speiceas in 1783 bunaithe ar an phláta dhaite le Daubenton agus Martinet. Bhaist sé an t-ainm eolaíoch ''Alcedo novæ Guineæ'' air. <ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|author=Peters, James Lee, eag.|date=1945|title=Check-list of Birds of the World.|volume=5|issue=5|pages=lch 190|publisher=Massachusetts: Harvard University Press|url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/14480201}}</ref> <ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|author=Hermann, Johann|date=1783|url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/39000863#page/212/mode/1up|title=Tabula affinitatum animalium olim academico specimine edita : nunc uberiore commentario illustrata cum annotationibus ad historiam naturalem animalium augendam facientibus (as Laidin)|pages=lch 192|publisher=Argentorati: Impensis Joh. Georgii Treuttel}}</ref> Thug an zó-eolaí Sasanach William Elford Leach an [[géineas]] reatha ''[[Cúcabarra|Dacelo]]'' isteach sa bhliain 1815 <ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Check-list of birds of the world|url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/14480201|publisher=Harvard University Press|date=1945|location=Cambridge, Massachusetts|volume=v.5 (1945)|author=Cottrell, G. William,, G. William Cottrell, James C. Greenway, Ernst Mayr, Raymond A. Paynter, James Lee Peters, Melvin A. Traylor, Harvard University|pages=p. 189}}</ref> <ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|author=Leach, William Elford|date=1815|url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/28685516|title=The Zoological Miscellany; being descriptions of new, or interesting Animals|volume=2|pages=lch 125|publisher=Londain: B. McMillan for E. Nodder & Son}}</ref> agus is anagram é den fhocal Laidineach ''Alcedo'' arb é ”cruidín” a chiall. Comhcheanglaíonn an buafhocal sonrach ''novaeguineae'' an focal Laidineach ''novus'' ar 'nua' leis an fhocal ar Ghuine,<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=The Helm dictionary of scientific bird names [electronic resource] : from aalge to zusii|url=https://archive.org/details/Helm_Dictionary_of_Scientific_Bird_Names_by_James_A._Jobling|publisher=Londain: Christopher Helm. ISBN 978-1-4081-2501-4|date=2010|author=James A. Jobling|pages=lch 130, 275}}</ref> bunaithe ar an tuairim earráideach gurb as an Nua-Ghuine dá eiseamal.<ref name=":7" /> Creideadh ar feadh na mblianta gurbh é an nádúraí Ollannach Pieter Boddaert a rinne an cur síos ba luaithe agus is é a ainm eolaíoch ''Dacelo gigas'' a bhí in úsáid sa litríocht eolaíoch, <ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|author=Boddaert, Pieter|date=1783|url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/27822660#page/62/mode/1up|title=Table des planches enluminéez d'histoire naturelle de M. D'Aubenton|pages=lch 40|publisher=Utrecht|language=Fraincis}}</ref> ach thaispeáin an t-éaneolaí Astrálach Gregory Mathews sa bhliain 1926 gur foilsíodh cur síos le Hermann níos luaithe sa bhliain chéanna, 1783, a raibh tosaíocht aige dá bharr.<ref name=":7" /><ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Correspondence|url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1071/MU926148|journal=Emu - Austral Ornithology|date=1926-10-01|issn=0158-4197|pages=148–149|volume=26|issue=2|doi=10.1071/MU926148|author=Gregory M. Mathews, E. C. and Chisholm}}</ref> Níor measadh faoi 1977 go raibh an tuiscint mhíchruinn ar dháileadh geografach an éin de bharr an ainm in úsáid reatha ina ábhar tábhachtach go leor chun iallach a chur ar athrú i bhfabhar ''D. gigas''.<ref name=":7" /> Ba mhinic a nglaodh "laughing jackass" ar an speiceas seo sa Bhéarla sa 19ú haois, ainm a taifeadadh don chéad uair (mar Laughing Jack-Ass) in ''An Account of the English Colony in New South Wales'' le David Collins a foilsíodh sa bhliain 1798.<ref name=":8">{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=An Account of the English Colony in New South Wales, Volume 1: With Remarks on the Dispositions, Customs, Manners, Etc. of The Native Inhabitants of That Country. to Which Are Added, Some Particulars of New Zealand; Compiled, By Permission, From The Mss. of Lieutenant-Governor King.|url=https://archive.org/details/anaccountoftheen12565gut|coauthors=Project Gutenberg|author=David Collins|publisher=Londain: T. Cadell Jr and W. Davies|pages=Aguisín 12 Language}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Luaigh foilseachán|author=Gray, Jeannie; Fraser, Ian|date=2013|title=Australian Bird Names: A Complete Guide.|pages=lgh 156–158|publisher=Collingwood VIC, an Astráil: CSIRO. ISBN 978-0-64310469-3}}</ref> D'úsáid an t-éaneolaí John Gould "great brown kingfisher" nó 'cruidín donn mór' sa bhliain 1858, ainm a chum John Latham in 1782.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|author=Gould, John (1848).|date=1848|url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/48200561|title=The Birds of Australia|volume=2|publisher=Londain: féin-fhoilsithe|pages=Pláta 18}}</ref><ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|author=Latham, John|date=1782|url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/33727247|title=A General Synopsis of Birds|volume=1|pages=lch 609|publisher=Londain: priontáilte ar son Benj. White}}</ref> Ainm coitianta eile ab ea "laughing kingfisher" nó 'cruidín gáiriteach'.<ref name=":1" /> Bhí na hainmneacha in roinnt [[Teangacha Bundúchasacha na hAstráile|teangacha bundúchasacha na hAstráile]] liostaithe ag údair Eorpacha lena n-áirítear ''Go-gan-ne-gine'' le Collins in 1798,<ref name=":8" /> ''Cuck'anda'' le René Lesson in 1828<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|author=Lesson, René Primeverre|date=1828|url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/49447225|title=Manuel d'ornithologie, ou description des genres et des principales espèces d'oiseaux|pages=lch 93|publisher=Páras: Roret|language=Fraincis}}</ref> agus ''Gogera'' nó ''Gogobera'' le George Bennett in 1834.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|author=Bennett, George|date=1834|url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/27932355|title=Wandering in New South Wales, Batavia, Pedir Coast, Singapore, and China: being the journal of a naturalist in those countries during 1832, 1833, and 1834|pages=lch 222|publisher=Londain: Richard Bentley|volume=1}}</ref> Áiríodh "kookaburra" mar ainm malartach i bhfoilseacháin éaneolaíochta i mblianta tosaigh na 20ú haoise,<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|author=Lucas, A.H.S.; Le Souef, W.H. Dunley|date=1911|url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/37362467#page/256/mode/1up|title=The Birds of Australia|pages=lgh 236-237|publisher=Londain: Whitcombe agus Tombs}}</ref><ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|author=Leach, John Albert|date=1912|url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/48031268#page/113/mode/1up|title=An Australian bird book: a pocket book for field use (2nd ed.).|issue=2|pages=lch 105|publisher=Melbourne: Whitcombe & Tombs}}</ref> ach ní go dtí 1926 gur ghlac Aontas Éaneolaithe Ríoga na hAstraláise go hoifigiúil leis an ainm "laughing kookaburra" sa dara heagrán de ''Seicliosta Oifigiúil Éanlaith na hAstráile''.<ref name=":1" /> Is as an Wiradjuri don ainm, [[Teangacha Bundúchasacha na hAstráile|teanga bhundúchasach]] atá i mbaol.<ref name=":1" /> Tá ceithre speiceas chúcabarra sa ghéineas ''Dacelo'' dá bhfuil an [[cúcabarra tarr-ruadhonn]], an [[cúcabarra sluasaidghobach]] agus an [[cúcabarra breac]] srianta don Nua-Ghuine agus d'oileáin Chaolas Torres . Tá an [[cúcabarra gormeiteach]] agus an cúcabarra gáiriteach le fáil go forleathan san Astráil.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Kingfishers (Alcedinidae), version 1.0|url=https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/alcedi1/1.0/introduction|journal=Birds of the World|date=2020|issn=2771-3105|doi=10.2173/bow.alcedi1.01|language=Béarla|author=David W. Winkler, Shawn M. Billerman, Irby J. Lovette|publisher=Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NE, SAM|coauthors=S. M. Billerman, B. K. Keeney, P. G. Rodewald, and T. S. Schulenberg, eag.}}</ref> Aithnítear dhá [[Fospeiceas|fhospeiceas]]:<ref name="ioc">{{Luaigh foilseachán|author=Gill, Frank; Donsker, David, eag.|date=2016|url=https://www.worldbirdnames.org/bow/rollers/|title=Rollers, ground rollers & kingfishers|journal=World Bird List Version 6.3|publisher=International Ornithologists' Union}}</ref> * ''D. n. novaeguineae'' (Hermann, 1783) – an [[fospeiceas ainmniúcháin]], oirthear na hAstráile, [[an Tasmáin]] agus tugadh isteach in iardheisceart na hAstráile é * ''D. n. mion'' Robinson, 1900 – [[Leithinis Rinn York|Leithinis Rinn Eabhrac]] ó dheas go Baile an Chócaigh<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|author=Robinson, Herbert Christopher|date=1900|title=Contributions to the zoology of north Queensland|journal=Bulletin of the Liverpool Museums|volume=2|issue=3 agus 4|pages=lch 116|url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/12801366}}</ref><ref name=":6" /> == Cur síos == [[Íomhá:Laughing_kookaburra444.jpg|deas|mion| Mionghné mór ghob agus cinn]] Is é an cúcabarra gáiriteach an speiceas cruidín is mó agus é níos mó ó thaobh na corpmhaise de ná an cruidín ollmhór fiú.<ref name=":6" /><ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|author=Dunning, John B. Jr., eag.|date=2008|title=CRC Handbook of Avian Body Masses|issue=2|publisher=CRC Press. ISBN 978-1-4200-6444-5}}</ref> Is éan láidir téagartha é idir 41–47 cm (16–19 or) i bhfad, le ceann mór, súile donna feiceálacha, agus gob fada láidir.<ref name=":0" /> Tá an dá ghnéas an-chosúil le chéile, cé gur mó an baineannach de ghnáth agus gur lú goirme atá ar a cromán ná mar atá ar chromán an fhireannaigh. Tá meáchan an fhireannaigh idir 196–450 g (6.9–15.9 unsa), 307 g (10.8 unsa) go meánach agus tá meáchan an bhaineannaigh idir 190–465 g (6.7–16.4 unsa), 352 g (12.4 unsa) go meánach.<ref name=":3">{{Luaigh foilseachán|author=Woodall, P. F.|date=2020|title=Laughing Kookaburra (Dacelo novaeguineae), version 1.0.|volume=Birds of the World|publisher=Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NE, SAM.|coauthors=J. del Hoyo, A. Elliott, J. Sargatal, D. A. Christie, agus E. de Juana, eag.|doi=10.2173/bow.laukoo1.01}}</ref> Tá corp bán nó bánbhuí orthu agus ceann le stríoc dhúdhonn orthu a théann trasna an dá shúile ach atá níos doiléire thar barr an chinn. Tá na sciatháin agus an droim donn agus tá spotaí spéirghorma ar na guaillí. Tá an t-eireaball cróchdhearg ruabhallach le bandaí dúdhonna agus barraí bána ar na cleití. Tá an gob trom dubh ar a bharr agus tá dath cnámha ar a bhun. Tá clúmh an fhospeicis ''D. n. minor'' cosúil le clúmh an fhospeicis ainmnithe ach tá sé níos lú ó thaobh méide de.<ref name=":6" /> Is féidir idirdhealú a dhéanamh idir an cúcabarra gáiriteach agus an cúcabarra gormeiteach atá ar chomhmhéid leis trína shúile dorcha, a stríoc súile dhorcha, a ghob níos giorra agus na limistéir ghorma atá níos lú agus níos dlúithe ar an sciathán agus ar an gheadán.<ref name=":6" /> Tá difríocht idir chúcabarraí gormeiteacha fireannacha chomh maith toisc go bhfuil eireaball le bandaí gorma agus dubha orthu.<ref name=":6" /> [[Íomhá:Laughing_Kookaburra_1_JCB.jpg|deas|mion| Sa Pháirc Náisiúnta Ríoga, NSW]] === Glao === Déanann ainm an "chúcabarra gháiritigh" tagairt dá "gháire" a úsáidtear chun dúichí a bhunú i measc grúpaí teaghlaigh. Is féidir é a chloisteáil ag aon am den lá, ach is minice a chloiste ag breacadh an lae agus sa chlapsholas.<ref name=":6" /> Tá sirincs thraicéabhroinceach ag an speiceas seo a chruthaíonn dhá fhoinse tonnchreatha ionas gur féidir leis dhá mhinicíocht a tháirgeadh ag an am chéanna le harmónaigh iolracha.<ref name=":5">{{Luaigh foilseachán|author=Higgins, Peter J., eag|date=1999|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Handbook_of_Australian,_New_Zealand_and_Antarctic_Birds|title=Dacelo novaeguineae Laughing Kookaburra|volume=Handbook of Australian, New Zealand and Antarctic Birds. Imleabhar 4|issue=Parrots to dollarbird|pages=lgh 1121-1138|publisher=Melbourne: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-553071-1}}</ref> Déantar glao an chúcabarra gháiritigh trí chóras casta táirgeachta fuaime, trí aer a bhrú isteach sna feadáin bhroinceacha ó na scamhóga.<ref name=":5" /> Cé go bhfuil an struchtúr táirgeachta glaonna i láthair ó aois an-óg, is iompar foghlamtha é amhrán an chúcabarra.<ref name=":2">{{Luaigh foilseachán|author=Baker|first=Myron C.|date=Eanáir 2004|title=The Chorus Song of Cooperatively Breeding Laughing Kookaburras (Coraciiformes, Halcyonidae: ''Dacelo novaeguineae''): Characterization and Comparison Among Groups|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1439-0310.2003.00941.x|journal=Ethology|volume=110|issue=1|pages=21–35|doi=10.1046/j.1439-0310.2003.00941.x|language=Béarla}}</ref> Múineann an péire pórúcháin laistigh de ghrúpa chúcabarra an glao gáiriteach inaitheanta do na héin óga tar éis dóibh an nead a fhágáil.<ref name=":2" /> Canfaidh an fireannach cuid ghairid den ghlao a dhéanfaidh na hóga aithris air, iarracht a mbíonn gan rath de ghnáth.<ref name=":2" /> Maireann na ceachtanna amhránaíochta coicís sula mbíonn an gearrcach in ann canadh i gceart agus páirt a ghlacadh in amhráin chórúla [[Clapsholas|clapsholais]].<ref name=":2" /> Nuair a bhíonn máistreacht acu, is féidir leis an aos óg páirt a ghlacadh i gcrón amhráin chlapsholais a chabhraíonn le bunú na ndúichí.<ref name=":2" /> Tosaíonn éan amháin le gáire snagach íseal sula gcaitear a cheann ar ais le grágaíl gháiriteach: is minic a ghlacann cúpla éan eile páirt ann.<ref name=":4" /><ref name=":3" /> Má tá níos mó ná treibh amháin atá in iomaíocht le chéile laistigh dá raon éisteachta, baileoidh an teaghlach ar fad go luath chun an díthreabh a líonadh le gáire óna gcroíthe.<ref name=":0" /> Tá cúig eilimint athraitheacha sa chéiliúr gháiriteach seo: 1. "Cúa"; 2. "Grágaíl gháire"; 3. "Roll-áil", "ú-ú-ú" ar a ndéantar aithris arís agus arís eile go tapa; 4. "Ha-ha" ard a leantar le; 5. glao "Gó-gó" an fhireannaigh nó glao "sclogálach" an bhaineannaigh.<ref name=":3" /> Má fhaightear an deis éisteacht le cúcabarraí in ard a nglórtha, tá sé ar cheann de na heispéiris is neamhghnáiche i nDíthreabh na hAstráile, rud nach féidir fiú muintir na háite neamhaird a dhéanamh air; b'fhéidir go mbainfí geit as aon chuairteoir a chloisfeadh a gceiliúr mura gcuirfí fainic orthu roimh ré. Aithrisítear na glaonna seo chun céile a mhealladh/a chosaint, chun an t-ordlathas sóisialta a bhunú agus a chothabháil, agus chun críoch a fhógairt agus a chosaint, mar is minic a gceaptar a nglaonna a bheith comhghaolmhar le hionsaitheacht.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Helpers Have Little to Laugh About: Group Structure and Vocalisation in the Laughing Kookaburra Dacelo novaeguineae|url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1071/MU9880150|journal=Emu - Austral Ornithology|date=1988-09-01|issn=0158-4197|pages=150–160|volume=88|issue=3|doi=10.1071/MU9880150|author=Heinz-Ulrich Reyer, Dieter and Schmidl}}</ref> Úsáidtear glaonna lena thaispeáint dá gcomharsan/ngaolta go bhfuil grúpaí fós ag cur fúthu i gcríoch.<ref name=":2"/> Léiríonn na glaonna seo dá n-éisteoirí go bhfuil caighdeán agus sláinte níos fearr ag grúpaí dea-chomhordaithe fosta.<ref name=":9">{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=A review of hypotheses for the functions of avian duetting|url=https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00265-003-0741-x|journal=Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology|date=2004-03-01|issn=1432-0762|pages=415–430|volume=55|issue=5|doi=10.1007/s00265-003-0741-x|language=Béarla|author=Michelle L. Hall}}</ref> Méadaíonn cumarsáid fhuaimiúil idir cúcabarraí gáiriteacha 2-3 mhí roimh shéasúr an phóraithe, ó Mheán Fómhair go hEanáir, faoi mar a mhéadaíonn ionsaitheacht na bhfireannach chomh maith.<ref name=":5" /> Teastaíonn leibhéil níos airde comhoibrithe laistigh den ghrúpa ón ghlao phéire.<ref name=":5" /> Tá hipitéis ann go neartaíonn comhordú na nglaonna i measc cúcabarraí an phríomhdháimh péire fadtéarmach agus is féidir gur éabhólóidigh sé mar mheicníocht chun dáimh an ghrúpa a dhaingniú toisc go bhfuil sé costasach ó thaobh fuinnimhe de ceiliúir nua a fhoghlaim.<ref name=":9" /> Léiríonn grúpaí comharsanachta céimeanna comhoibrithe chomh maith ós rud é go seachadtar ceiliúir chórúla idir comharsana gan aon fhorluí, ag malartú idir na grúpaí.<ref name=":2"/> ==== Cineálacha eile cumarsáide fuaimiúla ==== Is cineál cumarsáide fuaimiúla eile í grágaíl in ''D. novaeguineae'' a úsáidtear i raon comhthéacsanna éagsúla.<ref name=":3" /> Tá sé tugtha faoi deara go ngrágaíonn cúcabarraí gáiriteacha nuair a bhíonn siad ag neadú, ag taispeáint iompair ghéilliúil, agus nuair a bhíonn gearrcaigh ag feitheamh lena mbeathú.<ref name=":3" /> Tá stór níos mó glaonna ag cúcaburraí gáiriteacha ná mar atá ag speicis chúcabarraí eile cosúil leis an chúcaburra ghormeiteach ( ''Dacelo leachii'' ) a tháirgeann dhá chineál glao simplí: “tafann” agus “snag”.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Kookaburra: King of the Bush|url=https://ebooks.publish.csiro.au/content/kookaburra|publisher=Clayton Theas, VIC, an Astráil: CSIRO Publishing|date=2004|doi=10.1071/9780643091375|language=Béarla|author=Sarah Legge}}</ref> Aibhsítear an raon mór glaonna seo trí dhúnadh, iontonú agus modhnuithe minicíochta a cheadaíonn do na cúcabarraí faisnéis níos mionsonraithe a chur in iúl.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=21. Using Interactive Playback to Study How Songs and Singing Contribute to Communication about Behavior|url=https://www.degruyterbrill.com:443/document/doi/10.7591/9781501736957-030/html|publisher=Cornell University Press. ISBN 978-1-5017-3695-7|journal=Ecology and Evolution of Acoustic Communication in Birds|date=2019-05-15|pages=377–397|doi=10.7591/9781501736957-030|language=Béarla|author=W. John Smith|coauthors=Kroodsma, Donald E; Miller, Edward H, eag.}}</ref> == Dáileadh agus gnáthóg == Is de bhunadh oirthear na hAstráile é an cúcabarra gáiriteach a bhfuil raon aige a shíneann ó [[Leithinis Rinn York|Leithinis Rinn Eabhrac]] sa tuaisceart go [[Rinn Otway]] sa deisceart. Tá sé le fáil ar an taobh thoir agus ar an taobh thiar den [[Deighiltraon Mór|Raon Mór Roinnte]]. Síneann an raon sa deisceart siar ó [[Victoria (An Astráil)|Victoria]] go dtí [[Leithinis Yorke]] agus na [[Raonta Flinders]] san [[An Astráil Theas|Astráil Theas]].<ref name=":10">{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Handbook of Australian, New Zealand & Antarctic birds|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-553071-1|publisher=Oxford University Press|date=1999|location=Melbourne|author=Peter Higgins|issue=4|language=Béarla|pages=lgh. 1124-1125}}</ref> [[Íomhá:Distribution laughing kookaburra.jpg|alt=Dúghlas: dúchasach Bánghlas: tugadh isteach|mion|Léarscáil dáilte an chúcabarra gháiritigh (''Dacelo novaeguineae'') laistigh den Astráil agus den Tasmáin. {| class="wikitable" !Dúghlas !Bánghlas |- |dúchasach |tugadh isteach |} ]] Tugadh isteach in go leor áiteanna eile é agus is dóichí gur mar gheall ar a cháil maraithe nathracha a tharla sé seo. Chuir parlaimint Iarthar na hAstráile an ‘Laughing Jackass’ san áireamh i sceideal d’éin dhúchasacha dhochtchaomhnaithe na hAstráile sa "Game Bill" nó 'Bille Géime' i mí na Nollag 1891, a d’aistrigh [[Horatio William Sholl|Horace Sholl]], ar bhall don Cheantar Thuaidh é. Rinne sé cur síos air mar éan dúchasach an Iarthuaiscirt. <ref>''The Daily News'', Perth, 22 Nollaig 1891, lch 3, Legislative Assembly</ref> Is é is dóichí, áfach, gur tagairt é a ainmniúchán don chúcabarra ghormeiteach (''Dacelo leachii''), seachas don chúcabarra gháiriteach (''Dacelo novaeguineae'') a fhaightear ann. Thug "''The Game Act, 1892''" nó '''an tAcht Géime, 1892''<nowiki/>' (Iarthar na hAstráile), "Acht chun socrú a dhéanamh maidir le héin agus ainmhithe iompórtáilte, agus géim dhúchasach a chaomhnú," deis dearbhaithe go gcosaítear na héin agus na hainmhithe dúchasacha Astrálacha fógartha a liostaíodh sa Chéad Sceideal den Acht ar shealgaireacht. Bhí an "Laughing Jackass" ar cheann den 23 speiceas éan dúchasach Astrálach a ainmníodh sa sceideal.<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.legislation.wa.gov.au/legislation/statutes.nsf/law_a3112.html|teideal=WALW - Game Act 1892 - Home Page|work=www.legislation.wa.gov.au|dátarochtana=2025-04-23}}</ref> Scaoileadh cúcabarraí gáiriteacha amach ó Stáit an Oirithir chun an Iardheiscirt chomh luath le 1883<ref>{{Cite book-en|author=Sellick|first=Douglas|title=First impressions : Albany 1791-1901 :travellers' tales|isbn=0730983668|pages=151-2}}</ref> agus sonraíodh éin idir Perth agus Fremantle agus i Mullewa fosta thart ar 1896.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|author=Clee Francis Howard Jenkins|first=C.F .H.|date=1959|title=Introduced Birds in Western Australia|journal=Emu|volume=59|pages=201-207|url=https://doi.org/10.1071/MU959201}}</ref> D'allmhairigh agus scaoil an Cumann Clíomaithe (nó an coiste um Chlíomú Ainmhithe agus Éan WA) na céadta éan idir 1897 agus 1912.<ref>{{Cite book-en|author=John L. Long|url=http://worldcat.org/oclc/27566719|title=Introduced birds and mammals in Western Australia|date=1974|publisher=Agriculture Protection Board of Western Australia|isbn=0-7244-5758-5|pages=3|oclc=27566719}}</ref> Ba é Ernest Le Souef arbh é Rúnaí an Chumainn Chlíomaithe agus Stiúrthóir ar Ghairdíní Zó-eolaíochta Perth é agus ar thacaí díograiseach an chúcabarra é ba chúis leis go príomha mar d'admhaigh sé gur scaoil sé na céadta ón Zú, lena n-áirítear 50 i 1900 ar iarratas Ríoga ón Diúc Eabhrac a bhí ar cuairt. Bhí daonraí póraithe bunaithe i roinnt ceantar faoin bhliain 1912. Tá an raon reatha in Iarthar na hAstráile siar ó dheas ó líne a cheanglaíonn [[Geraldton]] ar an chósta thiar agus Hopetoun ar an chósta theas.<ref name=":5" /> Tugadh an cúcabarra gáiriteach isteach i roinnt áiteanna sa [[An Tasmáin|Tasmáin]] ón bhliain 1906 ar aghaidh. Faightear go príomha anois é soir ó thuaidh ó líne a cheanglaíonn Huonville, Loch Rowallan, Waratah agus Marrawah.<ref name=":5" /> Tugadh isteach ar Oileán Flinders é timpeall 1940, áit a bhfuil sé le fáil go forleathan anois, agus ar Oileán Changarú i 1926.<ref name=":5" /> Shocraigh George Gray go scaoilfí cúcabarraí gáiriteacha ar Oileán Kawau le linn a dhara téarma mar ghobharnóir ar an Nua-Shéalainn sna 1860idí. Tá an t-oileán suite i Murascaill Hauraki, thart ar 40 ciliméadar (25 míle) ó thuaidh ó [[Tāmaki Makaurau|Auckland]] ar [[Oileán Thuaidh]] na Nua-Shéalainne. Ceapadh nár éirigh leis an tabhairt isteach ach thángthas ar roinnt éan i 1916 ar an mhórthír in aice láimhe.<ref name=":10" /><ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=The naturalisation of animals & plants in New Zealand|url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/21725433|publisher=Cambridge University Press|date=1922|author=George Malcolm Thomson|language=Béarla|pages=lgh. 137-138|location=Cambridge}}</ref> Póraíonn sé anois i réigiún beag ar an taobh thiar de Mhurascaill Hauraki idir Leigh agus Kumeū.<ref name=":10" /> Is iad foraois scléirifill oscailte agus coillearnaí gnáthóga gnácha an éin seo. Tá sé níos coitianta san áit a bhfuil an fhothóg oscailte agus gann nó áit a bhfuil an talamh clúdaithe le féar. Teastaíonn poill chrainn uathu dá gcuid neadacha. Tá sé le fáil freisin in aice le portaigh agus i limistéir atá glanta go páirteach nó talamh feirme le crainn feadh bóithre agus sconsaí. Tá sé le fáil i bpáirceanna agus i ngairdíní i gceantair uirbeacha.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Handbook of Australian, New Zealand & Antarctic birds|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-553071-1|publisher=Oxford University Press|date=1990|location=Melbourne|language=Béarla|pages=1123|author=Peter Higgins|issue=4}}</ref> Forluíonn raon an chúcabarra gháiritigh le raon an chúcabarra ghormeitigh i limistéar in oirthear [[Tír na Banríona|Thír na Banríona]] a shíneann ó Leithinis Rinn Eabhrac ó dheas go ceantair mháguaird [[Brisbane]]. Is minic gurb fhearr leis an chúcabarra gháiriteach ceantair cois uisce timpeall Bhaile an Chócaigh agus go bhanann an cúcabarra gormeiteach in gnáthóga atá níos tirime.<ref name=":6" /> Tá eiseamláir amháin den chúcabarra gháiriteach ag cur faoi go fiáin i [[Suffolk]] sa [[Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Thuaisceart Éireann|Ríocht Aontaithe]] ó 2015 ar a laghad agus chonacthas arís in 2024 é.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/av/uk-england-suffolk-68345409|teideal=Kookaburra spotted living in Suffolk countryside|údar=Stuart Howells|language=Béarla|work=BBC News|dátarochtana=2025-04-23}}</ref> Taifeadadh radharcanna breise de chúcabarraí gáiriteacha in [[Albain]], <ref>{{Cite web-en|url=https://au.news.yahoo.com/kookaburras-spotted-in-wilds-of-scotland-by-excited-adventurer-theyre-wicked-035433553.html|title=Kookaburras spotted in wilds of Scotland by excited adventurer: 'They're wicked'|author=Michael Dahlstrom|date=2024-04-12|language=Béarla|work=Yahoo News|access-date=2024-07-01}}</ref> ag cur le fios go bhféadfadh go bhfuil eiseamláir den speiceas seo á scaoileadh d'aon ghnó nó trí thimpiste. == Iompar == [[Íomhá:Kookaburra-003.jpg|deas|mion| Cúcabarra le [[geiceo]] gafa ina ghob]] Cuireann cúcabarraí fúthu i ngrúpaí teaghlaigh scaoilte i ndúichí coillearnaí (foraoisí san áireamh) agus tá an cuspóir céanna ag a gcuid gáire agus atá ag go leor glaonna éan eile - chun teorainneacha a gcuid dúichí a mharcáil. Is gnách d'formhór na speiceas cúcabarra cur fúthu in aonaid teaghlaigh agus cuidíonn na héin óga leis na tuismitheoirí fiach agus aire a thabhairt don chéad ál eile. === Pórú === [[Íomhá:Laughing_Kookaburra_Juvenile.jpg|mion| Gearrcach i [[Sydney]]: Tá goba níos giorra ag gearrcaigh le híochtar dorcha agus bán láidir ar a sciathán agus a chleití fallainge]] Is cosúil go mbíonn iompar atá cosúil leis an [[éan sprochailleach]] ar bun ag an chúcabarra gháiriteach le linn séasúr na cúplála. Cuireann an baineannach seasamh déircíneachta uirthi agus glaonn sí ar nós éin óig. Ofrálann an fireannach a ghabháil reatha di ansin le fuaim "ú ú ú". Deir roinnt breathnóirí, áfach, go dtarlaíonn a mhalairt – téann an baineannach chuig an fhireannach lena ghabháil reatha agus tairgeann sí dó é. Is féidir go gcuirfear tús le tógáil neadacha i mí Lúnasa agus bíonn buaicphointe breithe uibheacha ann ó Mheán Fómhair go Samhain.<ref name=":5" /> Má theipeann ar an chéad ál, leanfaidh siad ag pórú go dtí míonna an tsamhraidh.<ref name=":5" /> Beireann an baineannach ál de thrí ubh leath-snasta bána cruinne go ginearálta arb í 36 mm × 45 mm (1.4 or × 1.8 or) a méid agus eatramh atá thart ar dhá lá eatarthu.<ref name=":4" /> Gorann na tuismitheoirí agus na cúntóirí na huibheacha ar feadh 24 go 26 lá.<ref name=":5" /> Tá goróga altramach agus scolamánach agus iad faoi lán clúimhrí faoi lá 32-40.<ref name=":5" /> Mura bhfuil an soláthar bia leordhóthanach, beidh an tríú hubh níos lú agus beidh an tríú éan óg níos lú fosta agus é faoi mhíbhuntáiste i gcomparáid lena siblíní níos mó. Bíonn crúca ag éin óga ar an mhandabal uachtarach, rud a imíonn faoin am a mbíonn siad faoi lán clúimhrí. Mura bhfuil an soláthar bia do na héin óga leordhóthanach, beidh achrann ann ina mbeidh crúca na n-éan óg mar arm acu. D'fhéadfadh sé go maródh na héin óga móra an t-éan óg is lú fiú.<ref name=":5" /> Má tá a ndóthain bia acu, caitheann na tuismitheoirí níos mó ama ag goir na n-éan óg, rud a fhágann nach mbíonn siad in ann troid. === Beathú === [[Íomhá:Dacelo_novaeguineae_catching_a_worm.ogv|mion| Péist á ghabháil, Oileán Bruny, an Tasmáin, an Astráil]] Seilgeann cúcabarraí mar a dhéanann cruidíní eile (agus spideoga Astraláiseach chomh maith) é; suíonn siad ar chraobh nó ar shreang áisiúil agus fanann siad go foighneach go dtéann creach thar a mbráid. Itheann siad réimse leathan creach go coitianta idir lucha agus [[Mamach|mamaigh]] bheaga den mhéid chéanna, éagsúlacht mhór [[Inveirteabrach|inveirteabraigh]] (cosúil le feithidí, péisteanna talún agus seilidí), crústaigh dhúchasacha Astrálacha, éisc bheaga, [[Laghairt|laghairteanna]], froganna, éin bheaga agus éin óga sa nead agus a gcreach is cáiliúla, [[Nathair|nathracha]].<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":3" /> Is fearr leo creacha beaga, ach uaireanta seilgeann cúcabarraí créatúir mhóra, lena n-áirítear nathracha nimhe atá i bhfad níos faide ná a gcoirp féin.<ref name=":5" /> Agus iad ag beathú a n-óg, déanfaidh cúcabarraí gáiriteacha “Glaonna Chuck”, ar glaonna doimhne scrunch iad atá an-difriúil ar fad óna n-amhráin chórúla laethúla.<ref name=":3" /> === Taispeántais amhairc === Chun tuilleadh feabhais a chur ar iompar cosantach, glacfaidh cúcabarraí páirt i ndá chineál taispeántais ón aer: traipéis agus eitiltí ciorclacha.<ref name=":13">{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Review of Handbook of Australian, New Zealand & Antarctic Birds. Volume 3: Snipe to Pigeons|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/1521625?origin=crossref|journal=Colonial Waterbirds|date=1997|issn=0738-6028|pages=631–631|volume=20|issue=3|doi=10.2307/1521625|author=ICTN, Peter J. Higgins, Stephen J. J. F. Davies}}</ref> Feileann ainm na n-eitiltí traipéise go maith don ghluaiseacht de ráib a dhéanann cúcabarraí in aice láimhe eadarbhuas i dtreo a chéile agus iad ag cosaint a gcríche.<ref name=":13" /> Le linn eitiltí traipéise, seasfaidh éan amháin ó gach grúpa ar chraobhacha ar teorainn a gcríche agus eitleoidh siad anonn agus anall idir crainn laistigh dá raon baile seanbhunaithe agus crainn ar teorainn chríoch na gcúcabarraí atá in aice láimhe.<ref name=":13" /> Chonacthas go maireann na taispeántais seo suas le leathuair an chloig agus go mbíonn glaonna ón seoltóir agus ó bhaill ghrúpa an éin sin ag gabháil leo de ghnáth.<ref name=":13" /> Cuirtear tús le heitiltí ciorclacha nuair a eitlíonn éan amháin timpeall chríoch ghrúpa éan eile trí eitilt thar an limistéar agus ionradh tapa a dhéanamh ar an gcríoch úd ina dhiaidh.<ref name=":13" /> Chomh luath agus a bheidh sé laistigh den chríoch in aice láimhe, beidh an t-éan amháin sin ag eitilt i gciorcail timpeall na gcúcabarraí eile a bhfuil cónaí orthu sa cheantar, rud a leanfaidh gnáthghlao gáiriteach nó grágaíl é ag brath ar stádas an ghrúpa ann.<ref name=":13" /> Tá taispeántais eitilte úsáideach chun cumarsáid a dhéanamh thar achair fhada, ach is féidir le cineálacha eile comharthaí amhairc a bheith éifeachtach le haghaidh cumarsáide gearr-raoin. Is féidir leo comharthaí amhairc gearr-raoin a úsáid chun iompar bagrach a chur in iúl nó chun bagairtí atá ag teacht isteach a léiriú lena n-ealta.<ref name=":13" /> Úsáidtear gothaí troda mar rabhadh sula n-ionsaítear ar comhartha é a fhaigheann cúcabarraí eachtracha go coitianta agus iad ag cúngú ar chríoch ghrúpaí eile. <ref name=":14">{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=The Auxiliary Social System in Kookaburras: A Reappraisal of Its Adaptive Significance|url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1071/MU974195b|journal=Emu - Austral Ornithology|date=1974-07-01|issn=0158-4197|pages=196–198|volume=74|issue=3|doi=10.1071/MU974195b|author=S. R. Morton, G. D. and Parry}}</ref> Spréifidh cúcabarraí gáiriteacha a sciatháin amach agus brúfaidh siad a gceann chun cinn agus iad ag croitheadh a gcuid cleití eireabaill chun ceannasacht a thaispeáint agus iad féin a chosaint ar ionróirí.<ref name=":14" /> Ruaigfear na héin gan iarraidh tar éis na ngothaí troda sula n-ionsófar iad.<ref name=":5" /> Úsáidtear taispeántais amhairc freisin chun forairdeall agus láithreacht bagairtí a chur in iúl trí ghotha airdeallach.<ref name=":5" /> Osclóidh ''D. novaeguineae'' a ghob, cuirfidh sé colg ar na cleití timpeall ar a chaipín, agus tiontóidh sé a cheann i dtreo na bagairte.<ref name=":5" /> Ag brath ar phráinn na bagairte, d’fhéadfadh glaonna gáiriteacha arda leanúint ar ghothaí rabhaidh chun rabhadh a thabhairt do bhaill eile na healta.<ref name=":5" /> == Caidreamh le daoine == [[Íomhá:Laughing_kookaburra_snatch.jpg|alt=Image of a laughing kookaburra holding a sausage in its mouth.|mion| Cúcabarra gáiriteach le feiceáil ag ithe ispíne a sciob sé ó bheárbaiciú.]] Is radharc coitianta é an cúcabarra gáiriteach i ngairdíní bruachbhailteacha agus i suíomhanna uirbeacha, fiú i limistéir fhoirgnithe agus tá siad chomh múinte go n-íosfaidh siad as lámha duine agus go ligfear do dhaoine a gcuid bolg a chuimilt go minic. Níl sé neamhchoitianta go sciobfar bia as lámha daoine gan rabhadh, trí theacht anuas de ráib. Is minic a bheathaíonn daoine le píosaí feola amha iad. Is minic fosta go gcoinnítear cúcabrraí gáiriteacha i [[Zú|zúnna]]. Is ábhar amhráin leanaí Astrálach é an cúcabarra a bhfuil an-tóir air chomh maith darb ainm “Kookaburra” a chum Marion Sinclair in 1934.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|author=Howell, P. A.|date=2012|title=Sinclair, Marion (1896–1988)|volume=Australian Dictionary of Biography|publisher=National Centre of Biography, Australian National University|issn=1833-7538|accessdate=8ú Deireadh Fómhair 2016|url=https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/sinclair-marion-15924}}</ref> Tá taifeadtaí den éan seo curtha le scannáin Hollywood le cúpla deich mbliana, i suíomhanna dufair de ghnáth, ó shraith Tarzan sna 1930idí go leithéidí ''The Lost World: Jurassic Park'' (1997) níos déanaí fós.<ref name=":11" /> == Stádas caomhnaithe == Athraíonn dlús daonra an chúcabarra gháiritigh san Astráil idir 0.04 agus 0.8 éan/ha ag brath ar an ghnáthóg. Má ghlactar le meán de 0.3 éan/ha, d'fhéadfadh an daonra iomlán a bheith chomh mór le 65 milliún éan.<ref name=":6" /> Mar sin féin, is féidir gur rómheastachán ollmhór é seo ós rud é go bhfuil an chuma ar an scéal go bhfuil laghdú suntasach ag teacht ar dhaonra an chúcabarra gháiritigh agus Birdata ag taispeáint titim 50% ar líon na radharcanna idir na blianta 2000 go 2019 agus laghdú ar an ráta tuairiscithe ó 25% go 15% thar an tréimhse chéanna.<ref>{{Cite web-en|url=https://birdata.birdlife.org.au/explore#map=-35.1044048_144.4568962_5&species_id=322|title=Explore Birdata map: Laughing kookaburra|author=BirdLife Australia|year=2020|access-date=2020-06-17}}</ref> Tá daonra na Nua-Shéalainne sách beag agus is dócha go bhfuil níos lú ná 500 éan ann. <ref>{{Cite web-en|url=http://nzbirdsonline.org.nz/species/laughing-kookaburra|title=Laughing kookaburra|author=B. Michaux|year=2013|editor=C.M. Miskelly, eag.|publisher=New Zealand Birds Online|access-date=4 Deireadh Fómhair 2016}}</ref> Mar gheall ar an raon sínte agus an daonra mór seasmhach, measann an [[An tAontas Idirnáisiúnta do Chaomhnú an Dúlra|tAontas Idirnáisiúnta um Chaomhnú an Dúlra]] gur “[[speiceas is lú imní]]” é.<ref name=":12" /> == Léitheoireachta bhreise == * {{Cite book-en|author=Legge|first=Sarah|year=2004|title=Kookaburra: King of the Bush|publisher=CSIRO Publishing|location=Collingwood Vic, Australia|isbn=978-0-643-09063-7}} * {{Cite book-en|author=Parry|first=Veronica A.|year=1970|title=Kookaburras|location=Melbourne|publisher=Lansdowne Press|isbn=978-0-7018-0290-5}} == Naisc sheachtracha == * [http://www.xeno-canto.org/species/Dacelo-novaeguineae Xeno-canto: taifeadtaí fuaime den chúcabrra gháiriteach] * [https://ebird.org/species/laukoo1/ Grianghraif, fuaim agus físeán den chúcabarra gháiriteach] ó Leabharlann Mhic Amhlaoibh Cornell Lab of Ornithology * [http://www.graemechapman.com.au/library/sounds.php?c=312&p=347 Taifeadtaí de chúcabarra gáiriteach] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250505222604/http://www.graemechapman.com.au/library/sounds.php?c=312&p=347 |date=2025-05-05 }} ó leabharlann fuaime Graeme Chapman == Tagairtí == {{Reflist}} {{Halcyoninae}} {{Taxonbar|from=Q824974}} [[Catagóir:Dacelo]] [[Catagóir:Cruidín]] [[Catagóir:Éin na hAstráile Theas]] [[Catagóir:Éin na Tasmáine]] [[Catagóir:Éin Queensland]] [[Catagóir:Halcyoninae]] [[Catagóir:Éin Eindéimeacha na hAstráile]] [[Catagóir:Éin a ndearnadh cur síos orthu in 1783]] [[Catagóir:Ailt a bhfuil físeáin iontu]] [[Catagóir:Éin Victoria (An Astráil)]] [[Catagóir:Tacsain ainmnithe ag Johann Hermann]] rsupwbvobpwsm00xcx48nhczibzpm9c 0 119134 1321703 1265553 2026-07-26T14:05:50Z TGcoa 21229 1321703 wikitext text/x-wiki {{WD Bosca Sonraí Duine}} Is amhránaí í leis an mbanna traidisiúnta [[Dervish]] '''Cathy Jordan''', arb as Ros Comáin ó dhúchas di. D’fhoghlaim sí dá stuaim féin leis an ngiotár a sheinm agus seinneann sí an basúcaí, an bodhrán agus na cnámha go sármhaith freisin.<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=http://www.beo.ie/alt-cathy-jordan.aspx|teideal=Cathy Jordan - AGALLAMH BEO|údar=Seosamh Mac Muirí|dáta=EAGRÁN 94 · FEABHRA 2009|language=ga|work=Beo!|dátarochtana=2026-07-26}}</ref> [[Íomhá:Cathy Jordan of Dervish (64590932).jpg|clé|mion|332x332px|2003]] [[Íomhá:FIL 2014 - Dervish - 0866.JPG|clé|mion|220x220px|Lorient 2014]] [[Íomhá:ESC 2007 Ireland - Dervish - They can't stop the spring.jpg|clé|mion|220x220px|[[Eurofís]] 2007 "They can't stop the spring"]] == Gairm == Ina príomhamhránaí di le Dervish, tá an banna stiúrtha aici trí na mílte ceolchoirm sna céadta cathair ar fud suas le 40 tír. Ar 14 albam déag de chuid an bhanna, chomh maith le taifeadadh a dhéanamh aisti féin agus le comhghleacaithe eile, bhí ról ríthábhachtach aici sa rath atá ar an mbanna. Ar na ceolchoirmeacha ba shuntasaí, bhí ceann ar Bhalla Mór na Síne agus ceann ag Rock in Rio, an fhéile rac-cheoil is mó ar domhan, os comhair 250,000 duine. Tá cumas déanta amhrán in Cathy chomh maith, agus shaothraigh sí in éineacht le [[Brendan Graham]], an té a chum You Raise Me Up, ceann de na hamhráin is fearr ar éirigh leis sa 20ú haois. Chomh maith le Dervish, tá sí sna bannaí Plúirín na mBan agus The Unwanted, a chíorann an ceangal ceoil idir Éirinn agus Meiriceá. Tháinig albam ''dá cuid féin The Crankie Island Song Project''<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.crankieisland.com/|teideal=Music {{!}} Crankie Island Songs|language=en|work=Crankie Island|dátarochtana=2026-07-26}}</ref> amach in 2024 agus is saothar mór comharoibre atá ann le líon is mó ná 70 ceoltóir agus oirfideach, léiriú ar a thugtha atá sí do lucht cheol traidisiúnta na hÉireann. Chomh maith le coirmeacha ceoil, cuireann Cathy cultúr na hÉireann chun cinn i mbun craoltóireachta. Tá sí ón mbliain 2014 i leith ina láithreoir ar [[Fleadh TV]] le [[TG4]]. Feictear go fairsing gur ambasadóir í maidir le ceol na hÉireann, is iomaí seanamhrán traidisiúnta ar chuidigh sí lena gcur ar shlí a sábhála. Cúitíodh a dúthracht léi le gradaim mór le rá, ina measc an BBC Lifetime Achievement Award (2019), Ambasadóir Cultúir Shligigh (2018), Gradam Annie McNulty (2014), agus Saoirse Chathair Shligigh (2010). Amhránaí na Bliana 2025 í ag TG4. == Féach freisin == * [[Dervish]] == Tagairtí == {{reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Jordan, Cathy}} [[Catagóir:Amhránaithe Éireannacha ]] [[Catagóir:Cumadóirí Éireannacha]] [[Catagóir:Daoine as Contae Ros Comáin]] [[Catagóir:Daoine beo]] [[Catagóir:Mná]] 7gwnj0sig9wi616j610dbsi7u85inof 1321707 1321703 2026-07-26T14:15:54Z TGcoa 21229 1321707 wikitext text/x-wiki {{WD Bosca Sonraí Duine}} Is amhránaí í leis an mbanna traidisiúnta [[Dervish]] '''Cathy Jordan''', arb as Ros Comáin ó dhúchas di. D’fhoghlaim sí dá stuaim féin leis an ngiotár a sheinm agus seinneann sí an basúcaí, an bodhrán agus na cnámha go sármhaith freisin.<ref name=":0">{{Lua idirlín|url=http://www.beo.ie/alt-cathy-jordan.aspx|teideal=Cathy Jordan - AGALLAMH BEO|údar=Seosamh Mac Muirí|dáta=EAGRÁN 94 · FEABHRA 2009|language=ga|work=Beo!|dátarochtana=2026-07-26}}</ref> [[Íomhá:Cathy Jordan of Dervish (64590932).jpg|clé|mion|332x332px|2003]] [[Íomhá:ESC 2007 Ireland - Dervish - They can't stop the spring.jpg|clé|mion|220x220px|[[Eurofís]] Helsinki 2007 "They can't stop the spring"<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Dervish - They Can't Stop The Spring (LIVE) {{!}} Ireland 🇮🇪 {{!}} Grand Final {{!}} Eurovision 2007|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N40wpl5m0UM|date=2016-09-19|author=Eurovision Song Contest}}</ref>]][[Íomhá:FIL 2014 - Dervish - 0866.JPG|clé|mion|220x220px|Lorient 2014]] [[Íomhá:Cathy Jordan, Dervish (28459540721).jpg|clé|mion|220x220px|2016]] == Gairm == Bhí a tuismitheoirí agus a muintir go léir tugtha don amhránaíocht agus don cheol nuair a bhí sí óg agus bhíodh an-mhórán seancheirníní sa teach, idir cheol traidisiúnta agus cheol tíre as Meiriceá. Bhí Cathy ag drandan ceoil an-luath sa saol, go fiú sula raibh sí in ann siúl, de réir an méid a d’inis a máthair di ina dhiaidh sin. Chuaigh sí isteach sa chór, i gceoldrámaí, nó in aon áit a mb’fhéidir léi teannadh leis an cheol.<ref name=":0" /> Ina príomhamhránaí di le Dervish, tá an banna stiúrtha aici trí na mílte ceolchoirm sna céadta cathair ar fud suas le 40 tír. Ar 14 albam déag de chuid an bhanna, chomh maith le taifeadadh a dhéanamh aisti féin agus le comhghleacaithe eile, bhí ról ríthábhachtach aici sa rath atá ar an mbanna. Ar na ceolchoirmeacha ba shuntasaí, bhí ceann ar Bhalla Mór na Síne agus ceann ag Rock in Rio, an fhéile rac-cheoil is mó ar domhan, os comhair 250,000 duine. Tá cumas déanta amhrán in Cathy chomh maith, agus shaothraigh sí in éineacht le [[Brendan Graham]], an té a chum You Raise Me Up, ceann de na hamhráin is fearr ar éirigh leis sa 20ú haois. Chomh maith le Dervish, tá sí sna bannaí Plúirín na mBan agus The Unwanted, a chíorann an ceangal ceoil idir Éirinn agus Meiriceá. Tháinig albam ''dá cuid féin The Crankie Island Song Project''<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.crankieisland.com/|teideal=Music {{!}} Crankie Island Songs|language=en|work=Crankie Island|dátarochtana=2026-07-26}}</ref> amach in 2024 agus is saothar mór comharoibre atá ann le líon is mó ná 70 ceoltóir agus oirfideach, léiriú ar a thugtha atá sí do lucht cheol traidisiúnta na hÉireann. Chomh maith le coirmeacha ceoil, cuireann Cathy cultúr na hÉireann chun cinn i mbun craoltóireachta. Tá sí ón mbliain 2014 i leith ina láithreoir ar [[Fleadh TV]] le [[TG4]]. Feictear go fairsing gur ambasadóir í maidir le ceol na hÉireann, is iomaí seanamhrán traidisiúnta ar chuidigh sí lena gcur ar shlí a sábhála. Cúitíodh a dúthracht léi le gradaim mór le rá, ina measc an BBC Lifetime Achievement Award (2019), Ambasadóir Cultúir Shligigh (2018), Gradam Annie McNulty (2014), agus Saoirse Chathair Shligigh (2010). Amhránaí na Bliana 2025 í ag TG4. === Gaeilge === Is cuimhin le roinnt d’éisteoirí RnaG an dóigh a raibh Cathy in ann gáire le Rónán Mac Aodha Bhuí ar a chlár go gairid i ndiaidh na hEoraifíse i Helsinki. == Féach freisin == * [[Dervish]] == Tagairtí == {{reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Jordan, Cathy}} [[Catagóir:Amhránaithe Éireannacha ]] [[Catagóir:Cumadóirí Éireannacha]] [[Catagóir:Daoine as Contae Ros Comáin]] [[Catagóir:Daoine beo]] [[Catagóir:Mná]] 561hxpy0c069f3vnjvjon6gntcklizk 1321708 1321707 2026-07-26T14:16:26Z TGcoa 21229 1321708 wikitext text/x-wiki {{WD Bosca Sonraí Duine}} Is amhránaí í leis an mbanna traidisiúnta [[Dervish]] '''Cathy Jordan''', arb as Ros Comáin ó dhúchas di. D’fhoghlaim sí dá stuaim féin leis an ngiotár a sheinm agus seinneann sí an basúcaí, an bodhrán agus na cnámha go sármhaith freisin.<ref name=":0">{{Lua idirlín|url=http://www.beo.ie/alt-cathy-jordan.aspx|teideal=Cathy Jordan - AGALLAMH BEO|údar=Seosamh Mac Muirí|dáta=EAGRÁN 94 · FEABHRA 2009|language=ga|work=Beo!|dátarochtana=2026-07-26}}</ref> [[Íomhá:Cathy Jordan of Dervish (64590932).jpg|clé|mion|332x332px|2003]] [[Íomhá:ESC 2007 Ireland - Dervish - They can't stop the spring.jpg|clé|mion|220x220px|[[Eurofís]] Helsinki 2007 "They can't stop the spring"<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Dervish - They Can't Stop The Spring (LIVE) {{!}} Ireland 🇮🇪 {{!}} Grand Final {{!}} Eurovision 2007|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N40wpl5m0UM|date=2016-09-19|author=Eurovision Song Contest}}</ref>]][[Íomhá:FIL 2014 - Dervish - 0866.JPG|clé|mion|220x220px|Lorient 2014]] [[Íomhá:Cathy Jordan, Dervish (28459540721).jpg|clé|mion|220x220px|2016]] == Gairm == Bhí a tuismitheoirí agus a muintir go léir tugtha don amhránaíocht agus don cheol nuair a bhí sí óg agus bhíodh an-mhórán seancheirníní sa teach, idir cheol traidisiúnta agus cheol tíre as Meiriceá. Bhí Cathy ag drandan ceoil an-luath sa saol, go fiú sula raibh sí in ann siúl, de réir an méid a d’inis a máthair di ina dhiaidh sin. Chuaigh sí isteach sa chór, i gceoldrámaí, nó in aon áit a mb’fhéidir léi teannadh leis an cheol.<ref name=":0" /> Ina príomhamhránaí di le Dervish, tá an banna stiúrtha aici trí na mílte ceolchoirm sna céadta cathair ar fud suas le 40 tír. Ar 14 albam déag de chuid an bhanna, chomh maith le taifeadadh a dhéanamh aisti féin agus le comhghleacaithe eile, bhí ról ríthábhachtach aici sa rath atá ar an mbanna. Ar na ceolchoirmeacha ba shuntasaí, bhí ceann ar Bhalla Mór na Síne agus ceann ag Rock in Rio, an fhéile rac-cheoil is mó ar domhan, os comhair 250,000 duine. Tá cumas déanta amhrán in Cathy chomh maith, agus shaothraigh sí in éineacht le [[Brendan Graham]], an té a chum You Raise Me Up, ceann de na hamhráin is fearr ar éirigh leis sa 20ú haois. Chomh maith le Dervish, tá sí sna bannaí Plúirín na mBan agus The Unwanted, a chíorann an ceangal ceoil idir Éirinn agus Meiriceá. Tháinig albam ''dá cuid féin The Crankie Island Song Project''<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.crankieisland.com/|teideal=Music {{!}} Crankie Island Songs|language=en|work=Crankie Island|dátarochtana=2026-07-26}}</ref> amach in 2024 agus is saothar mór comharoibre atá ann le líon is mó ná 70 ceoltóir agus oirfideach, léiriú ar a thugtha atá sí do lucht cheol traidisiúnta na hÉireann. Chomh maith le coirmeacha ceoil, cuireann Cathy cultúr na hÉireann chun cinn i mbun craoltóireachta. Tá sí ón mbliain 2014 i leith ina láithreoir ar [[Fleadh TV]] le [[TG4]]. Feictear go fairsing gur ambasadóir í maidir le ceol na hÉireann, is iomaí seanamhrán traidisiúnta ar chuidigh sí lena gcur ar shlí a sábhála. Cúitíodh a dúthracht léi le gradaim mór le rá, ina measc an BBC Lifetime Achievement Award (2019), Ambasadóir Cultúir Shligigh (2018), Gradam Annie McNulty (2014), agus Saoirse Chathair Shligigh (2010). Amhránaí na Bliana 2025 í ag TG4. === Gaeilge === Is cuimhin le roinnt d’éisteoirí RnaG an dóigh a raibh Cathy in ann gáire le [[Rónán Mac Aodha Bhuí]] ar a chlár go gairid i ndiaidh na hEoraifíse i Helsinki.<ref name=":0" /> == Féach freisin == * [[Dervish]] == Tagairtí == {{reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Jordan, Cathy}} [[Catagóir:Amhránaithe Éireannacha ]] [[Catagóir:Cumadóirí Éireannacha]] [[Catagóir:Daoine as Contae Ros Comáin]] [[Catagóir:Daoine beo]] [[Catagóir:Mná]] tup4aetu2ulanb4e2clhmdlf2sj78mx 2 120600 1321734 1321682 2026-07-26T21:25:53Z Marcas.oduinn 33120 /* Lárionad Eorpach Inniúlachta um Thionsclaíocht, Teicneolaíocht agus Taighde Cibearshlándála */ 1321734 wikitext text/x-wiki == Ceanntásc == (an t)Údarás um..., (an) G(h)níomhaireacht um... (an) Comhbheartas Talmhaíochta. Cé acu sa teideal? Féach: * [http://www.gaois.ie gaois.ie]. * ''Wikidata list'' [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Wikidata list/Contaetha na hÉireann#Réigiún na hÉireann|Réigiúin na hÉireann]]. === Réigiún === {| class="wikitable" style="width:100%; vertical-align:top;" ! style="width:50%;" | Réigiúin ! style="width:50%;" | Réigiúin NUTS |- | style="text-align:center" | [[Íomhá:IrelandRegions.png | center]] | align=center | [[Íomhá:NUTS3 Boundaries Ireland.png | center]] |- | style="vertical-align:top;" | Réigiúin na hÉireann: * (A) Tuaisceart * (B) Iarthar * (C) Iardheisceart * (D) Oirdheisceart * (E) Oirthear [BÁC] * (F) [[Lár na Tíre (Éire)]] | style="vertical-align:top;" | '''Réigiúin''' NUTS 3 na hÉireann: * [[Réigiún na Teorann|Teorainn]] * [[Réigiún an Iarthair|Iarthar]] * [[Réigiún Lár na Tíre|Lár na Tíre]] * [[Réigiún an Lár-Oirthir|Lár-Oirthear]] * [[Réigiún Bhaile Átha Cliath|Baile Átha Cliath]] * [[Réigiún an Lár-Iarthair|Lár-Iarthar]] * [[Réigiún an Oirdheiscirt|Oirdheisceart]] * [[Réigiún an Iardheiscirt|Iardheisceart]] |} {| |- | [[Íomhá:Newborderregionboundary.png | 80px]]<!--[[Íomhá:Ireland location map Border region.svg | 40px]]--> | [[Íomhá:Ireland location map West region.svg | 80px]] | [[Íomhá:Ireland location map Midlands.svg | 80px]] | [[Íomhá:Mid East Ireland 2018.png | 80px]]<!--[[Íomhá:Ireland location map Mid-East.svg | 40px]]--> | [[Íomhá:Island_of_Ireland_location_map_Dublin.svg | 80px]] | [[Íomhá:Mid-West Region Map Ireland 2018.png | 80px]]<!--[[Íomhá:Mid-West Region Map Ireland 2018.png | 40px]]--> | [[Íomhá:SE Region Ireland 2018.png | 80px]]<!--[[Íomhá:Ireland location map South East.svg | 40px]]--> | [[Íomhá:Ireland location map South West.svg | 80px]] |} === Acrainm === * [[Aicmiú Comhchoiteann na nAonad Críche maidir le Staidreamh|NUTS]] - Acáise * [[Comhordú an Eolais ar an Timpeallacht|CORINE]] - Ceolta * [[CORDIS]] - SeoTaifeach * [[Inter-Active Terminology for Europe|IATE]] - Tighe == Eile == * {{tl|Gníomhaireachtaí an Aontais Eorpaigh|state=collapsed}} * [[Gníomhaireacht Sábháilteachta Eitlíochta an Aontais Eorpaigh]] (2002), [[Institiúid Eorpach um Nuálaíocht agus Teicneolaíocht]] (2008), [[Comhlacht na Rialálaithe Eorpacha um Chumarsáid Leictreonach]] (BEREC) (2009) &leftarrow; (BEREC Office) - [[Gníomhaireacht Tacaíochta BEREC]] (2018), [[an tÚdarás um Páirtithe Polaitiúla Eorpacha agus um Fhondúireachtaí Polaitiúla Eorpacha]] (2016), [[EU-CyCLONe]] (2020), [[Údarás Custaim an Aontais Eorpaigh]] (2026) # [[:en:Executive Agency for Competitiveness and Innovation|Competitiveness and Innovation]] - [[Gníomhaireacht Feidhmiúcháin um Iomaíochas agus Nuálaíocht]] # [[:en:European Cybersecurity Competence Centre|Cybersecurity Competence]] - an [[Lárionad Eorpach Inniúlachta um Thionsclaíocht, Teicneolaíocht agus Taighde Cibearshlándála]] # [[:en:Education, Audiovisual and Culture Executive Agency|Education, Audiovisual and Culture]] - [[Gníomhaireacht Feidhmiúcháin Oideachais, Closamhairc agus Cultúir]] # [[:en:European Climate, Infrastructure and Environment Executive Agency|Climate, Infrastructure and Environment]] - [[Gníomhaireacht Feidhmiúcháin Eorpach um an Aeráid, Bonneagar agus Comhshaol]] # [[:en:European Research Executive Agency|Research]] - [[Gníomhaireacht Feidhmiúcháin Eorpach um Thaighde]] # [[:en:European Research Council Executive Agency|Research Council]] - [[Gníomhaireacht Feidhmiúcháin na Comhairle Eorpaí um Thaighde]] == Lárionad Eorpach Inniúlachta um Thionsclaíocht, Teicneolaíocht agus Taighde Cibearshlándála == {{WD Bosca Sonraí Eagraíochta}} | formed = {{Start date|2021|05|20|df=yes}} | headquarters = [[Bucharest]], [[Romania]] | chief1_name = Miguel González Sancho | chief1_position = Interim Executive Director Is [[gníomhaíochtaí an Aontais Eorpaigh|gníomhaireacht]] an [[Aontas Eorpach|Aontais Eorpaigh]] é an '''Lárionad Eorpach Inniúlachta um Chibearshlándála''' (Béarla: '''European Cybersecurity Competence Centre''' (ECCC)), go hoifigiúil '''an Lárionad Eorpach Inniúlachta um Thionsclaíocht, Teicneolaíocht agus Taighde Cibearshlándála''' (Béarla: '''European Cybersecurity Industrial, Technology and Research Competence Centre''').<ref name=iate /><ref name=CELEX:32021R0887 /> '' headquartered in [[Bucharest]], [[Romania]], tasked with funding and coordinating cybersecurity research projects. <ref name=:0>{{lua idirlín |date=2020-12-10|title=Bucharest, Romania, will host European Cybersecurity Competence Center|url=https://emerging-europe.com/news/bucharest-to-host-eu-cybersecurity-centre/|access-date=2021-08-20|website=Emerging Europe|language=en-US|archive-date=2021-08-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210820145743/https://emerging-europe.com/news/bucharest-to-host-eu-cybersecurity-centre/|url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name=>{{Cite web|last=Lungu|first=Adrian|date=2020-12-10|title=Bucharest to host EU's new cybersecurity centre|url=https://www.euractiv.com/section/cybersecurity/news/bucharest-to-host-eus-new-cybersecurity-centre/|access-date=2021-08-20|website=[[Euractiv]]|language=en-GB|archive-date=2021-07-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210728194947/https://www.euractiv.com/section/cybersecurity/news/bucharest-to-host-eus-new-cybersecurity-centre/|url-status=live}}</ref> Plans for the introduction of the ECCC were first announced in 2018 by the European Commission and the regulation to establish the centre was published in 2021.<ref name=:0 /> The ECCC collaborates closely with the Network of National Coordination Centres (NCCs). <ref name=>{{Cite web|title=Cybersecurity Competence Centre {{!}} Shaping Europe's digital future|url=https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/policies/cybersecurity-competence-centre|access-date=2021-08-20|publisher=[[European Commission]]|language=en|archive-date=2021-08-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210827231853/https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/policies/cybersecurity-competence-centre|url-status=live}}</ref> == Eagraíocht Although the organization of the ECCC is still being established, the planned administrative and governance structure includes: * a Governing Board which provides strategic orientation and oversees ECCC activities * an Executive Director who is the ECCC’s legal representative and is responsible for its day-to-day management * a Strategic Advisory Group that ensures a comprehensive, ongoing and permanent dialogue between the Community and the Competence Centre. <ref name=>{{cite web |title=European Cybersecurity Competence Centre and Network |url=https://cybersecurity-centre.europa.eu/index_en |publisher=European Commission, Directorate-General for Communications Networks, Content and Technology |access-date=2022-07-19 |archive-date=2022-07-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220719032122/https://cybersecurity-centre.europa.eu/index_en |url-status=live }}</ref> === Liosta de Lárionaid Náisiúnta Comhordúcháin === {| class="wikitable" ! Tír ! Lárionad Náisiúnta Comhordúcháin (LNC) |- | {{Flag|Austria}} an Ostair | [https://www.ncc.gv.at Federal Chancellery of Austria in cooperation with the Austrian Research Promotion Agency] |- | {{Flag|Belgium}} an Bheilg | [https://ccb.belgium.be/ncc Centre for Cybersecurity Belgium] (CCB) |- | {{Flag|Bulgaria}} | [https://egov.bg/wps/portal/egov/en/your%20europe/home Ministry of Electronic Governance] |- | {{Flag|Cyprus}} | [https://dsa.cy/en/ Digital Security Authority] (DSA) |- | {{Flag|Czech Republic}} | National Cyber and Information Security Agency | [https://nukib.gov.cz/en/ nukib.gov.cz] |- | {{Flag|Denmark}} | The Danish Business Authority | [https://danishbusinessauthority.dk/ danishbusinessauthority.dk] |- | {{Flag|Estonia}} | Estonian Information System Authority | [https://www.ria.ee/en ria.ee] |- | {{Flag|Finland}} | Finnish Transport and Communications Agency Traficom's National Cyber Security Center (NCSC-FI) |[https://www.traficom.fi/en/national-cyber-security-centre traficom.fi] |- | {{Flag|France}} | National Agency for Information Systems Security (ANSSI) | [https://cyber.gouv.fr/our-mission-home cyber.gouv.fr] |- | {{Flag|Germany}} | National Coordination Center for Cybersecurity ( NKCS ) – Federal Office for Information Security (BSI) | [https://www.nkcs.bund.de/de nkcs.bund.de] |- | {{Flag|Greece}} | National Cybersecurity Authority of Greece | [https://cyber.gov.gr/en/ cyber.gov.gr] |- | {{Flag|Iceland}} | Eyvör - National Coordination Centre of Iceland (NCC-IS) | [https://www.government.is/topics/telecommunications/ncc-is/ government.is/topics/telecommunications/ncc-is/] |- | {{Flag|Ireland}} | National Cyber Security Centre (NCSC) | [https://www.ncsc.gov.ie/ ncsc.gov.ie] |- | {{Flag|Italy}} | [[Agenzia per la Cybersicurezza Nazionale|Agency for national cybersecurity (ACN)]] | [https://www.acn.gov.it/ acn.gov.it] |- | {{Flag|Latvia}} | Ministry of Defence | [https://www.mod.gov.lv/en mod.gov.lv] |- | {{Flag|Lithuania}} | National Coordination Center, Ministry of National Defense | [https://kam.lt/en/national-coordination-center/ kam.lt/en/national-coordination-center] |- | {{Flag|Luxembourg}} | Luxembourg Cybersecurity Coordination Centre | [https://www.securitymadein.lu/agency/ncc/ securitymadein.lu/agency/ncc] |- | {{Flag|Malta}} | Malta Information Technology Agency | [https://www.mita.gov.mt/ mita.gov.mt] |- | {{Flag|Netherlands}} |The Netherlands Enterprise Agency (RVO) |[https://english.rvo.nl/ rvo.nl] |- | {{Flag|Norway}} | Norwegian National Coordination Centre for Research and Innovation on Cybersecurity (NCC-NO) | [https://ncc-no.no/ ncc-no.no] |- | {{Flag|Poland}} | National Cybersecurity Coordination Center Unit in the Chancellery of the Prime Minister | [https://cybersecurity-centre.europa.eu/nccs_en cybersecurity-centre.europa.eu/nccs_en] |- | {{Flag|Romania}} | Centrul Național de Coordonare | [https://ncc.gov.ro/1/centrul-national-de-coordonare/ ncc.gov.ro/1/centrul-national-de-coordonare] |- | {{Flag|Slovakia}} | Cyber Security Competence and Certification Center (KCCKB) | [https://cybercompetence.sk/ cybercompetence.sk] |- | {{Flag|Slovenia}} | Office of the Government of the Republic of Slovenia for Information Security | [https://www.uiv.gov.si/ncc uiv.gov.si/ncc] |- | {{Flag|Spain}} | [[The National Cybersecurity Institute (INCIBE)]] | [https://www.incibe.es/ incibe.es] |- | {{Flag|Sweden}} | Swedish Civil Contingencies Agency | [https://www.msb.se/ msb.se] |} == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = <ref name=iate>{{lua idirlín | url = https://iate.europa.eu/entry/result/3574089/ga | teideal = Téarma: an Lárionad Eorpach Inniúlachta um Thionsclaíocht, Teicneolaíocht agus Taighde Cibearshlándála | foilsitheoir = [[IATE]] | dátarochtana = 26-07-2026}}</ref> <ref name=CELEX:32021R0887>{{lua idirlín | url = https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/GA/ALL/?uri=CELEX:32021R0887 | teideal = Rialachán (AE) 2021/887 ó Pharlaimint na hEorpa agus ón gComhairle an 20 Bealtaine 2021 lena mbunaítear an Lárionad Eorpach um Inniúlachtaí Tionsclaíochta Cibearshlándála, Teicneolaíochta Cibearshlándála agus Taighde Cibearshlándála agus Líonra na Lárionad Náisiúnta Comhordúcháin | foilsitheoir = [[EUR-Lex]] | dátarochtana = 26-07-2026}}</ref> }} [[Catagóir:Gníomhaireachtaí an Aontais Eorpaigh]] {{Gníomhaireachtaí an Aontais Eorpaigh|state=collapsed}} == References == <references /> == External links == * [https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32021R0887 Regulation establishing the European Cybersecurity Industrial, Technology and Research Competence Centre and the Network of National Coordination Centres] {{Agencies, independent bodies and joint undertakings of the European Union and the Euratom}} [[Category:2021 establishments in the European Union]] [[Category:Politics of the European Union]] [[Category:Information technology organizations based in Europe]] [[Category:Executive agencies of the European Commission]] [[Category:Organizations based in Bucharest]] [[Category:Scientific organizations established in 2021]] {{EU-stub}} == Tíreolaíocht == [[Réigiún na Teorann]] === Geografaíocht fhisiceach [[Íomhá:Glencar waterfall01.jpg| thumb | 170px | [[Loch Ghleann an Chairthe|Eas Ghleann an Chairthe]], Liatroim]] '' The region encompasses the entire northwest coast of Ireland along the [[an tAigéan Atlantach]]. Two of Ireland's longest rivers, [[an tSionainn]] and the [[an Éirne]], agus an [[Uiscebhealach na Sionainne is na hÉirne]] eatarthu. Cavan and Monaghan in the east of the region are characterized by a drumlin landscape, with hundreds of loughs interspersed between. [[Loch Aillionn]] in Leitrim is the region's largest lake, at 35 km². '' The west of the region, from [[Teallach Eathach]], County Cavan, to the Atlantic coast is largely rocky and mountainous, with coastal cliffs but also beaches in counties Sligo, Donegal and Leitrim. Leitrim has the smallest coastline of any county, at just 5&nbsp;km in length, while Donegal has the longest, at 1,134&nbsp;km. === Foraoiseacht '' there is a total of 130,345 ha of forest and woodland cover in the Border Region, equating to 11.3% of the region's land area, the national average.<ref name=govagri2017 /> '' Traditionally, the region had a very low cover forest and planting schemes were undertaken by the Department of Agriculture or [[Comhlachtaí státurraithe na hÉireann|comhlachtaí státurraithe]] such as [[Coillte]]. County Leitrim is now Ireland's most forested county at 18.9% forest cover. However, over 50% of Leitrim's forests are in private ownership.<ref name=govagri2006 /> === Aeráid '' Under [[Aicmiú aeráide Köppen]], the region experiences a maritime [[aeráid mheasartha]] [[aeráid aigéanach]], meaning cool winters, mild humid summers, and a lack of temperature extremes. Summer daytime temperatures range between 15°C agus 22°C, rarely going beyond 25°C. While the region generally experiences mild winters, upland areas typically have snow. Humidity is high year round and rainfall ranges from ~1,250&nbsp;mm ([[Marcréidh]], Sligeach) to ~1,000&nbsp;mm ([[Béal Átha hÉis]], Cabhán), evenly distributed throughout the year. <ref name=metclimate /> === Geolaíocht [[Íomhá: Benbulben2.jpg | thumb | 200px | [[Binn Ghulbain]], Contae Shligigh]] '' There are many large mountain ranges and high sea cliffs in the region, such as the [[Sléibhte Dhoire Bheatha]], [[Sliabh Liag]], the [[Binn Chuilceach]] agus [[Binn Ghulbain]]. The region is generally underlain by [[an tOrdaivíseach]] and [[an Siolúrach]] sceallaí agus gréabhacaí, laid down 417-495 million years ago. These are found in eastern Cavan and Monaghan. The bedrock of western Cavan, Leitrim and Sligo is composed mostly of [[carbónmhar]] limestones that were laid roughly 355 million years ago. However, a 1.5 billion year old narrow strip of metamorphosed gneisses extend across Sligo near [[Sliabh Gamh]].<ref name=geocavan /><ref name=geosligo /> '' County Donegal has one of the most complex geologies in Ireland. Much of the county is underlain by [[Réamhchaimbriach]] gneiss, schist and quartzite, laid down during the Grenvillian Orogeny 700 million years ago. The Border Region's highest point, [[An Earagail]], at 751 m, is composed of Precambrian quartzite. '' Ireland's oldest rocks, laid down 1.78 billion years ago, are found on the island of [[Inis Trá Tholl]].<ref name=gsi /> Inis Trá Tholl is Ireland's most northerly island, located approximately 10&nbsp;km north of [[Cionn Mhálanna]], mainland Ireland's most northerly point. '' [[Loch Súilí]] in Donegal is one of Ireland's three fjords. == Buntásc == __NOINDEX__ __NOTOC__ 5exixffpkiufx9opexkxon6z2xcy29z 1321735 1321734 2026-07-26T21:29:25Z Marcas.oduinn 33120 1321735 wikitext text/x-wiki == Ceanntásc == (an t)Údarás um..., (an) G(h)níomhaireacht um... (an) Comhbheartas Talmhaíochta. Cé acu sa teideal? Féach: * [http://www.gaois.ie gaois.ie]. * ''Wikidata list'' [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Wikidata list/Contaetha na hÉireann#Réigiún na hÉireann|Réigiúin na hÉireann]]. === Réigiún === {| class="wikitable" style="width:100%; vertical-align:top;" ! style="width:50%;" | Réigiúin ! style="width:50%;" | Réigiúin NUTS |- | style="text-align:center" | [[Íomhá:IrelandRegions.png | center]] | align=center | [[Íomhá:NUTS3 Boundaries Ireland.png | center]] |- | style="vertical-align:top;" | Réigiúin na hÉireann: * (A) Tuaisceart * (B) Iarthar * (C) Iardheisceart * (D) Oirdheisceart * (E) Oirthear [BÁC] * (F) [[Lár na Tíre (Éire)]] | style="vertical-align:top;" | '''Réigiúin''' NUTS 3 na hÉireann: * [[Réigiún na Teorann|Teorainn]] * [[Réigiún an Iarthair|Iarthar]] * [[Réigiún Lár na Tíre|Lár na Tíre]] * [[Réigiún an Lár-Oirthir|Lár-Oirthear]] * [[Réigiún Bhaile Átha Cliath|Baile Átha Cliath]] * [[Réigiún an Lár-Iarthair|Lár-Iarthar]] * [[Réigiún an Oirdheiscirt|Oirdheisceart]] * [[Réigiún an Iardheiscirt|Iardheisceart]] |} {| |- | [[Íomhá:Newborderregionboundary.png | 80px]]<!--[[Íomhá:Ireland location map Border region.svg | 40px]]--> | [[Íomhá:Ireland location map West region.svg | 80px]] | [[Íomhá:Ireland location map Midlands.svg | 80px]] | [[Íomhá:Mid East Ireland 2018.png | 80px]]<!--[[Íomhá:Ireland location map Mid-East.svg | 40px]]--> | [[Íomhá:Island_of_Ireland_location_map_Dublin.svg | 80px]] | [[Íomhá:Mid-West Region Map Ireland 2018.png | 80px]]<!--[[Íomhá:Mid-West Region Map Ireland 2018.png | 40px]]--> | [[Íomhá:SE Region Ireland 2018.png | 80px]]<!--[[Íomhá:Ireland location map South East.svg | 40px]]--> | [[Íomhá:Ireland location map South West.svg | 80px]] |} === Acrainm === * [[Aicmiú Comhchoiteann na nAonad Críche maidir le Staidreamh|NUTS]] - Acáise * [[Comhordú an Eolais ar an Timpeallacht|CORINE]] - Ceolta * [[CORDIS]] - SeoTaifeach * [[Inter-Active Terminology for Europe|IATE]] - Tighe == Eile == * {{tl|Gníomhaireachtaí an Aontais Eorpaigh|state=collapsed}} * [[Gníomhaireacht Sábháilteachta Eitlíochta an Aontais Eorpaigh]] (2002), [[Institiúid Eorpach um Nuálaíocht agus Teicneolaíocht]] (2008), [[Comhlacht na Rialálaithe Eorpacha um Chumarsáid Leictreonach]] (BEREC) (2009) &leftarrow; (BEREC Office) - [[Gníomhaireacht Tacaíochta BEREC]] (2018), [[an tÚdarás um Páirtithe Polaitiúla Eorpacha agus um Fhondúireachtaí Polaitiúla Eorpacha]] (2016), [[EU-CyCLONe]] (2020), [[Údarás Custaim an Aontais Eorpaigh]] (2026) # [[:en:Executive Agency for Competitiveness and Innovation|Competitiveness and Innovation]] - [[Gníomhaireacht Feidhmiúcháin um Iomaíochas agus Nuálaíocht]] # [[:en:European Cybersecurity Competence Centre|Cybersecurity Competence]] - an [[Lárionad Eorpach Inniúlachta um Thionsclaíocht, Teicneolaíocht agus Taighde Cibearshlándála]] # [[:en:Education, Audiovisual and Culture Executive Agency|Education, Audiovisual and Culture]] - [[Gníomhaireacht Feidhmiúcháin Oideachais, Closamhairc agus Cultúir]] # [[:en:European Climate, Infrastructure and Environment Executive Agency|Climate, Infrastructure and Environment]] - [[Gníomhaireacht Feidhmiúcháin Eorpach um an Aeráid, Bonneagar agus Comhshaol]] # [[:en:European Research Executive Agency|Research]] - [[Gníomhaireacht Feidhmiúcháin Eorpach um Thaighde]] # [[:en:European Research Council Executive Agency|Research Council]] - [[Gníomhaireacht Feidhmiúcháin na Comhairle Eorpaí um Thaighde]] == Lárionad Eorpach Inniúlachta um Thionsclaíocht, Teicneolaíocht agus Taighde Cibearshlándála == {{WD Bosca Sonraí Eagraíochta}} | formed = {{Start date|2021|05|20|df=yes}} | headquarters = [[Bucharest]], [[Romania]] | chief1_name = Miguel González Sancho | chief1_position = Interim Executive Director Is [[gníomhaíochtaí an Aontais Eorpaigh|gníomhaireacht]] an [[Aontas Eorpach|Aontais Eorpaigh]] é an '''Lárionad Eorpach Inniúlachta um Chibearshlándála''' (Béarla: '''European Cybersecurity Competence Centre''' (ECCC)), go hoifigiúil '''an Lárionad Eorpach Inniúlachta um Thionsclaíocht, Teicneolaíocht agus Taighde Cibearshlándála''' (Béarla: '''European Cybersecurity Industrial, Technology and Research Competence Centre''').<ref name=iate /><ref name=CELEX:32021R0887 /> '' headquartered in [[Bucharest]], [[Romania]], tasked with funding and coordinating cybersecurity research projects.<ref name=:0 /> <ref name=>{{lua idirlín |last=Lungu|first=Adrian|date=2020-12-10|title=Bucharest to host EU's new cybersecurity centre|url=https://www.euractiv.com/section/cybersecurity/news/bucharest-to-host-eus-new-cybersecurity-centre/|access-date=2021-08-20|website=[[Euractiv]]|language=en-GB|archive-date=2021-07-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210728194947/https://www.euractiv.com/section/cybersecurity/news/bucharest-to-host-eus-new-cybersecurity-centre/|url-status=live}}</ref> Plans for the introduction of the ECCC were first announced in 2018 by the European Commission and the regulation to establish the centre was published in 2021.<ref name=:0 /> The ECCC collaborates closely with the Network of National Coordination Centres (NCCs). <ref name=>{{Cite web|title=Cybersecurity Competence Centre {{!}} Shaping Europe's digital future|url=https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/policies/cybersecurity-competence-centre|access-date=2021-08-20|publisher=[[European Commission]]|language=en|archive-date=2021-08-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210827231853/https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/policies/cybersecurity-competence-centre|url-status=live}}</ref> == Eagraíocht Although the organization of the ECCC is still being established, the planned administrative and governance structure includes: * a Governing Board which provides strategic orientation and oversees ECCC activities * an Executive Director who is the ECCC’s legal representative and is responsible for its day-to-day management * a Strategic Advisory Group that ensures a comprehensive, ongoing and permanent dialogue between the Community and the Competence Centre. <ref name=>{{cite web |title=European Cybersecurity Competence Centre and Network |url=https://cybersecurity-centre.europa.eu/index_en |publisher=European Commission, Directorate-General for Communications Networks, Content and Technology |access-date=2022-07-19 |archive-date=2022-07-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220719032122/https://cybersecurity-centre.europa.eu/index_en |url-status=live }}</ref> === Liosta de Lárionaid Náisiúnta Comhordúcháin === {| class="wikitable" ! Tír ! Lárionad Náisiúnta Comhordúcháin (LNC) |- | {{Flag|Austria}} an Ostair | [https://www.ncc.gv.at Federal Chancellery of Austria in cooperation with the Austrian Research Promotion Agency] |- | {{Flag|Belgium}} an Bheilg | [https://ccb.belgium.be/ncc Centre for Cybersecurity Belgium] (CCB) |- | {{Flag|Bulgaria}} | [https://egov.bg/wps/portal/egov/en/your%20europe/home Ministry of Electronic Governance] |- | {{Flag|Cyprus}} | [https://dsa.cy/en/ Digital Security Authority] (DSA) |- | {{Flag|Czech Republic}} | National Cyber and Information Security Agency | [https://nukib.gov.cz/en/ nukib.gov.cz] |- | {{Flag|Denmark}} | The Danish Business Authority | [https://danishbusinessauthority.dk/ danishbusinessauthority.dk] |- | {{Flag|Estonia}} | Estonian Information System Authority | [https://www.ria.ee/en ria.ee] |- | {{Flag|Finland}} | Finnish Transport and Communications Agency Traficom's National Cyber Security Center (NCSC-FI) |[https://www.traficom.fi/en/national-cyber-security-centre traficom.fi] |- | {{Flag|France}} | National Agency for Information Systems Security (ANSSI) | [https://cyber.gouv.fr/our-mission-home cyber.gouv.fr] |- | {{Flag|Germany}} | National Coordination Center for Cybersecurity ( NKCS ) – Federal Office for Information Security (BSI) | [https://www.nkcs.bund.de/de nkcs.bund.de] |- | {{Flag|Greece}} | National Cybersecurity Authority of Greece | [https://cyber.gov.gr/en/ cyber.gov.gr] |- | {{Flag|Iceland}} | Eyvör - National Coordination Centre of Iceland (NCC-IS) | [https://www.government.is/topics/telecommunications/ncc-is/ government.is/topics/telecommunications/ncc-is/] |- | {{Flag|Ireland}} | National Cyber Security Centre (NCSC) | [https://www.ncsc.gov.ie/ ncsc.gov.ie] |- | {{Flag|Italy}} | [[Agenzia per la Cybersicurezza Nazionale|Agency for national cybersecurity (ACN)]] | [https://www.acn.gov.it/ acn.gov.it] |- | {{Flag|Latvia}} | Ministry of Defence | [https://www.mod.gov.lv/en mod.gov.lv] |- | {{Flag|Lithuania}} | National Coordination Center, Ministry of National Defense | [https://kam.lt/en/national-coordination-center/ kam.lt/en/national-coordination-center] |- | {{Flag|Luxembourg}} | Luxembourg Cybersecurity Coordination Centre | [https://www.securitymadein.lu/agency/ncc/ securitymadein.lu/agency/ncc] |- | {{Flag|Malta}} | Malta Information Technology Agency | [https://www.mita.gov.mt/ mita.gov.mt] |- | {{Flag|Netherlands}} |The Netherlands Enterprise Agency (RVO) |[https://english.rvo.nl/ rvo.nl] |- | {{Flag|Norway}} | Norwegian National Coordination Centre for Research and Innovation on Cybersecurity (NCC-NO) | [https://ncc-no.no/ ncc-no.no] |- | {{Flag|Poland}} | National Cybersecurity Coordination Center Unit in the Chancellery of the Prime Minister | [https://cybersecurity-centre.europa.eu/nccs_en cybersecurity-centre.europa.eu/nccs_en] |- | {{Flag|Romania}} | Centrul Național de Coordonare | [https://ncc.gov.ro/1/centrul-national-de-coordonare/ ncc.gov.ro/1/centrul-national-de-coordonare] |- | {{Flag|Slovakia}} | Cyber Security Competence and Certification Center (KCCKB) | [https://cybercompetence.sk/ cybercompetence.sk] |- | {{Flag|Slovenia}} | Office of the Government of the Republic of Slovenia for Information Security | [https://www.uiv.gov.si/ncc uiv.gov.si/ncc] |- | {{Flag|Spain}} | [[The National Cybersecurity Institute (INCIBE)]] | [https://www.incibe.es/ incibe.es] |- | {{Flag|Sweden}} | Swedish Civil Contingencies Agency | [https://www.msb.se/ msb.se] |} == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = <ref name=iate>{{lua idirlín | url = https://iate.europa.eu/entry/result/3574089/ga | teideal = Téarma: an Lárionad Eorpach Inniúlachta um Thionsclaíocht, Teicneolaíocht agus Taighde Cibearshlándála | foilsitheoir = [[IATE]] | dátarochtana = 26-07-2026}}</ref> <ref name=CELEX:32021R0887>{{lua idirlín | url = https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/GA/ALL/?uri=CELEX:32021R0887 | teideal = Rialachán (AE) 2021/887 ó Pharlaimint na hEorpa agus ón gComhairle an 20 Bealtaine 2021 lena mbunaítear an Lárionad Eorpach um Inniúlachtaí Tionsclaíochta Cibearshlándála, Teicneolaíochta Cibearshlándála agus Taighde Cibearshlándála agus Líonra na Lárionad Náisiúnta Comhordúcháin | foilsitheoir = [[EUR-Lex]] | dátarochtana = 26-07-2026}}</ref> <ref name=:0>{{lua idirlín | dáta = 2020-12-10 | teideal = Bucharest, Romania, will host European Cybersecurity Competence Center | url=https://emerging-europe.com/news/bucharest-to-host-eu-cybersecurity-centre/ | dátarochtana = 2021-08-20 | work = Emerging Europe | teanga = en-US | archive-date=2021-08-20 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210820145743/https://emerging-europe.com/news/bucharest-to-host-eu-cybersecurity-centre/ | url-status=live}}</ref> }} [[Catagóir:Gníomhaireachtaí an Aontais Eorpaigh]] {{Gníomhaireachtaí an Aontais Eorpaigh|state=collapsed}} == References == <references /> == External links == * [https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32021R0887 Regulation establishing the European Cybersecurity Industrial, Technology and Research Competence Centre and the Network of National Coordination Centres] {{Agencies, independent bodies and joint undertakings of the European Union and the Euratom}} [[Category:2021 establishments in the European Union]] [[Category:Politics of the European Union]] [[Category:Information technology organizations based in Europe]] [[Category:Executive agencies of the European Commission]] [[Category:Organizations based in Bucharest]] [[Category:Scientific organizations established in 2021]] {{EU-stub}} == Tíreolaíocht == [[Réigiún na Teorann]] === Geografaíocht fhisiceach [[Íomhá:Glencar waterfall01.jpg| thumb | 170px | [[Loch Ghleann an Chairthe|Eas Ghleann an Chairthe]], Liatroim]] '' The region encompasses the entire northwest coast of Ireland along the [[an tAigéan Atlantach]]. Two of Ireland's longest rivers, [[an tSionainn]] and the [[an Éirne]], agus an [[Uiscebhealach na Sionainne is na hÉirne]] eatarthu. Cavan and Monaghan in the east of the region are characterized by a drumlin landscape, with hundreds of loughs interspersed between. [[Loch Aillionn]] in Leitrim is the region's largest lake, at 35 km². '' The west of the region, from [[Teallach Eathach]], County Cavan, to the Atlantic coast is largely rocky and mountainous, with coastal cliffs but also beaches in counties Sligo, Donegal and Leitrim. Leitrim has the smallest coastline of any county, at just 5&nbsp;km in length, while Donegal has the longest, at 1,134&nbsp;km. === Foraoiseacht '' there is a total of 130,345 ha of forest and woodland cover in the Border Region, equating to 11.3% of the region's land area, the national average.<ref name=govagri2017 /> '' Traditionally, the region had a very low cover forest and planting schemes were undertaken by the Department of Agriculture or [[Comhlachtaí státurraithe na hÉireann|comhlachtaí státurraithe]] such as [[Coillte]]. County Leitrim is now Ireland's most forested county at 18.9% forest cover. However, over 50% of Leitrim's forests are in private ownership.<ref name=govagri2006 /> === Aeráid '' Under [[Aicmiú aeráide Köppen]], the region experiences a maritime [[aeráid mheasartha]] [[aeráid aigéanach]], meaning cool winters, mild humid summers, and a lack of temperature extremes. Summer daytime temperatures range between 15°C agus 22°C, rarely going beyond 25°C. While the region generally experiences mild winters, upland areas typically have snow. Humidity is high year round and rainfall ranges from ~1,250&nbsp;mm ([[Marcréidh]], Sligeach) to ~1,000&nbsp;mm ([[Béal Átha hÉis]], Cabhán), evenly distributed throughout the year. <ref name=metclimate /> === Geolaíocht [[Íomhá: Benbulben2.jpg | thumb | 200px | [[Binn Ghulbain]], Contae Shligigh]] '' There are many large mountain ranges and high sea cliffs in the region, such as the [[Sléibhte Dhoire Bheatha]], [[Sliabh Liag]], the [[Binn Chuilceach]] agus [[Binn Ghulbain]]. The region is generally underlain by [[an tOrdaivíseach]] and [[an Siolúrach]] sceallaí agus gréabhacaí, laid down 417-495 million years ago. These are found in eastern Cavan and Monaghan. The bedrock of western Cavan, Leitrim and Sligo is composed mostly of [[carbónmhar]] limestones that were laid roughly 355 million years ago. However, a 1.5 billion year old narrow strip of metamorphosed gneisses extend across Sligo near [[Sliabh Gamh]].<ref name=geocavan /><ref name=geosligo /> '' County Donegal has one of the most complex geologies in Ireland. Much of the county is underlain by [[Réamhchaimbriach]] gneiss, schist and quartzite, laid down during the Grenvillian Orogeny 700 million years ago. The Border Region's highest point, [[An Earagail]], at 751 m, is composed of Precambrian quartzite. '' Ireland's oldest rocks, laid down 1.78 billion years ago, are found on the island of [[Inis Trá Tholl]].<ref name=gsi /> Inis Trá Tholl is Ireland's most northerly island, located approximately 10&nbsp;km north of [[Cionn Mhálanna]], mainland Ireland's most northerly point. '' [[Loch Súilí]] in Donegal is one of Ireland's three fjords. == Buntásc == __NOINDEX__ __NOTOC__ kbdwl9ocmec9r0f2zms01dmlq7hd5xy 1321736 1321735 2026-07-26T21:49:00Z Marcas.oduinn 33120 1321736 wikitext text/x-wiki == Ceanntásc == (an t)Údarás um..., (an) G(h)níomhaireacht um... (an) Comhbheartas Talmhaíochta. Cé acu sa teideal? Féach: * [http://www.gaois.ie gaois.ie]. * ''Wikidata list'' [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Wikidata list/Contaetha na hÉireann#Réigiún na hÉireann|Réigiúin na hÉireann]]. === Réigiún === {| class="wikitable" style="width:100%; vertical-align:top;" ! style="width:50%;" | Réigiúin ! style="width:50%;" | Réigiúin NUTS |- | style="text-align:center" | [[Íomhá:IrelandRegions.png | center]] | align=center | [[Íomhá:NUTS3 Boundaries Ireland.png | center]] |- | style="vertical-align:top;" | Réigiúin na hÉireann: * (A) Tuaisceart * (B) Iarthar * (C) Iardheisceart * (D) Oirdheisceart * (E) Oirthear [BÁC] * (F) [[Lár na Tíre (Éire)]] | style="vertical-align:top;" | '''Réigiúin''' NUTS 3 na hÉireann: * [[Réigiún na Teorann|Teorainn]] * [[Réigiún an Iarthair|Iarthar]] * [[Réigiún Lár na Tíre|Lár na Tíre]] * [[Réigiún an Lár-Oirthir|Lár-Oirthear]] * [[Réigiún Bhaile Átha Cliath|Baile Átha Cliath]] * [[Réigiún an Lár-Iarthair|Lár-Iarthar]] * [[Réigiún an Oirdheiscirt|Oirdheisceart]] * [[Réigiún an Iardheiscirt|Iardheisceart]] |} {| |- | [[Íomhá:Newborderregionboundary.png | 80px]]<!--[[Íomhá:Ireland location map Border region.svg | 40px]]--> | [[Íomhá:Ireland location map West region.svg | 80px]] | [[Íomhá:Ireland location map Midlands.svg | 80px]] | [[Íomhá:Mid East Ireland 2018.png | 80px]]<!--[[Íomhá:Ireland location map Mid-East.svg | 40px]]--> | [[Íomhá:Island_of_Ireland_location_map_Dublin.svg | 80px]] | [[Íomhá:Mid-West Region Map Ireland 2018.png | 80px]]<!--[[Íomhá:Mid-West Region Map Ireland 2018.png | 40px]]--> | [[Íomhá:SE Region Ireland 2018.png | 80px]]<!--[[Íomhá:Ireland location map South East.svg | 40px]]--> | [[Íomhá:Ireland location map South West.svg | 80px]] |} === Acrainm === * [[Aicmiú Comhchoiteann na nAonad Críche maidir le Staidreamh|NUTS]] - Acáise * [[Comhordú an Eolais ar an Timpeallacht|CORINE]] - Ceolta * [[CORDIS]] - SeoTaifeach * [[Inter-Active Terminology for Europe|IATE]] - Tighe == Eile == * {{tl|Gníomhaireachtaí an Aontais Eorpaigh|state=collapsed}} * [[Gníomhaireacht Sábháilteachta Eitlíochta an Aontais Eorpaigh]] (2002), [[Institiúid Eorpach um Nuálaíocht agus Teicneolaíocht]] (2008), [[Comhlacht na Rialálaithe Eorpacha um Chumarsáid Leictreonach]] (BEREC) (2009) &leftarrow; (BEREC Office) - [[Gníomhaireacht Tacaíochta BEREC]] (2018), [[an tÚdarás um Páirtithe Polaitiúla Eorpacha agus um Fhondúireachtaí Polaitiúla Eorpacha]] (2016), [[EU-CyCLONe]] (2020), [[Údarás Custaim an Aontais Eorpaigh]] (2026) # [[:en:Executive Agency for Competitiveness and Innovation|Competitiveness and Innovation]] - [[Gníomhaireacht Feidhmiúcháin um Iomaíochas agus Nuálaíocht]] # [[:en:European Cybersecurity Competence Centre|Cybersecurity Competence]] - an [[Lárionad Eorpach Inniúlachta um Thionsclaíocht, Teicneolaíocht agus Taighde Cibearshlándála]] # [[:en:Education, Audiovisual and Culture Executive Agency|Education, Audiovisual and Culture]] - [[Gníomhaireacht Feidhmiúcháin Oideachais, Closamhairc agus Cultúir]] # [[:en:European Climate, Infrastructure and Environment Executive Agency|Climate, Infrastructure and Environment]] - [[Gníomhaireacht Feidhmiúcháin Eorpach um an Aeráid, Bonneagar agus Comhshaol]] # [[:en:European Research Executive Agency|Research]] - [[Gníomhaireacht Feidhmiúcháin Eorpach um Thaighde]] # [[:en:European Research Council Executive Agency|Research Council]] - [[Gníomhaireacht Feidhmiúcháin na Comhairle Eorpaí um Thaighde]] == Lárionad Eorpach Inniúlachta um Thionsclaíocht, Teicneolaíocht agus Taighde Cibearshlándála == {{WD Bosca Sonraí Eagraíochta}} | formed = {{Start date|2021|05|20|df=yes}} | headquarters = [[Búcairist]], [[an Rómáin]] | chief1_name = Miguel González Sancho | chief1_position = Interim Executive Director Is [[gníomhaíochtaí an Aontais Eorpaigh|gníomhaireacht]] an [[Aontas Eorpach|Aontais Eorpaigh]] é an '''Lárionad Eorpach Inniúlachta um Chibearshlándála''' (Béarla: '''European Cybersecurity Competence Centre''' (ECCC)), go hoifigiúil '''an Lárionad Eorpach Inniúlachta um Thionsclaíocht, Teicneolaíocht agus Taighde Cibearshlándála''' (Béarla: '''European Cybersecurity Industrial, Technology and Research Competence Centre''').<ref name=iate /><ref name=CELEX:32021R0887 /> '' headquartered in [[Bucharest]], [[Romania]], tasked with funding and coordinating cybersecurity research projects.<ref name=:0 /><ref name=euractiv2020 /> Plans for the introduction of the ECCC were first announced in 2018 by the European Commission and the regulation to establish the centre was published in 2021.<ref name=:0 /> The ECCC collaborates closely with the Network of National Coordination Centres (NCCs). <ref name=>{{Cite web|title=Cybersecurity Competence Centre {{!}} Shaping Europe's digital future|url=https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/policies/cybersecurity-competence-centre|access-date=2021-08-20|publisher=[[European Commission]]|language=en|archive-date=2021-08-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210827231853/https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/policies/cybersecurity-competence-centre|url-status=live}}</ref> == Eagraíocht Although the organization of the ECCC is still being established, the planned administrative and governance structure includes: * a Governing Board which provides strategic orientation and oversees ECCC activities * an Executive Director who is the ECCC’s legal representative and is responsible for its day-to-day management * a Strategic Advisory Group that ensures a comprehensive, ongoing and permanent dialogue between the Community and the Competence Centre. <ref name=>{{cite web |title=European Cybersecurity Competence Centre and Network |url=https://cybersecurity-centre.europa.eu/index_en |publisher=European Commission, Directorate-General for Communications Networks, Content and Technology |access-date=2022-07-19 |archive-date=2022-07-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220719032122/https://cybersecurity-centre.europa.eu/index_en |url-status=live }}</ref> === Liosta de Lárionaid Náisiúnta Comhordúcháin === {| class="wikitable" ! Tír ! Lárionad Náisiúnta Comhordúcháin (LNC) |- | {{Flag|Austria}} an Ostair | [https://www.ncc.gv.at Federal Chancellery of Austria in cooperation with the Austrian Research Promotion Agency] |- | {{Flag|Belgium}} an Bheilg | [https://ccb.belgium.be/ncc Centre for Cybersecurity Belgium] (CCB) |- | {{Flag|Bulgaria}} | [https://egov.bg/wps/portal/egov/en/your%20europe/home Ministry of Electronic Governance] |- | {{Flag|Cyprus}} | [https://dsa.cy/en/ Digital Security Authority] (DSA) |- | {{Flag|Czech Republic}} | National Cyber and Information Security Agency | [https://nukib.gov.cz/en/ nukib.gov.cz] |- | {{Flag|Denmark}} | The Danish Business Authority | [https://danishbusinessauthority.dk/ danishbusinessauthority.dk] |- | {{Flag|Estonia}} | Estonian Information System Authority | [https://www.ria.ee/en ria.ee] |- | {{Flag|Finland}} | Finnish Transport and Communications Agency Traficom's National Cyber Security Center (NCSC-FI) |[https://www.traficom.fi/en/national-cyber-security-centre traficom.fi] |- | {{Flag|France}} | National Agency for Information Systems Security (ANSSI) | [https://cyber.gouv.fr/our-mission-home cyber.gouv.fr] |- | {{Flag|Germany}} | National Coordination Center for Cybersecurity ( NKCS ) – Federal Office for Information Security (BSI) | [https://www.nkcs.bund.de/de nkcs.bund.de] |- | {{Flag|Greece}} | [https://cyber.gov.gr/en/ National Cybersecurity Authority of Greece] |- | {{Flag|Iceland}} | [https://www.government.is/topics/telecommunications/ncc-is/ Eyvör] - National Coordination Centre of Iceland (NCC-IS) |- | {{Flag|Ireland}} | [https://www.ncsc.gov.ie/ National Cyber Security Centre] (NCSC) |- | {{Flag|Italy}} | [[Agenzia per la Cybersicurezza Nazionale|Agency for national cybersecurity]] (ACN) |- | {{Flag|Latvia}} | [https://www.mod.gov.lv/en Ministry of Defence] |- | {{Flag|Lithuania}} | [https://kam.lt/en/national-coordination-center/ National Coordination Center], Ministry of National Defense |- | {{Flag|Luxembourg}} | [https://www.securitymadein.lu/agency/ncc/Luxembourg Cybersecurity Coordination Centre] |- | {{Flag|Malta}} | [https://www.mita.gov.mt/ Malta Information Technology Agency] |- | {{Flag|Netherlands}} | [https://english.rvo.nl/ The Netherlands Enterprise Agency] (RVO) |- | {{Flag|Norway}} | [https://ncc-no.no/ Norwegian National Coordination Centre for Research and Innovation on Cybersecurity] (NCC-NO) |- | {{Flag|Poland}} | [https://cybersecurity-centre.europa.eu/nccs_en National Cybersecurity Coordination Center Unit in the Chancellery of the Prime Minister] |- | {{Flag|Romania}} | [https://ncc.gov.ro/1/centrul-national-de-coordonare/ Centrul Național de Coordonare] |- | {{Flag|Slovakia}} | [https://cybercompetence.sk/ Cyber Security Competence and Certification Center] (KCCKB) |- | {{Flag|Slovenia}} | [https://www.uiv.gov.si/ncc Office of the Government of the Republic of Slovenia for Information Security] |- | {{Flag|Spain}} | [[The National Cybersecurity Institute]] (INCIBE) |- | {{Flag|Sweden}} | [https://www.msb.se/ Swedish Civil Contingencies Agency] |} == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = <ref name=iate>{{lua idirlín | url = https://iate.europa.eu/entry/result/3574089/ga | teideal = Téarma: an Lárionad Eorpach Inniúlachta um Thionsclaíocht, Teicneolaíocht agus Taighde Cibearshlándála | foilsitheoir = [[IATE]] | dátarochtana = 26-07-2026}}</ref> <ref name=CELEX:32021R0887>{{lua idirlín | url = https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/GA/ALL/?uri=CELEX:32021R0887 | teideal = Rialachán (AE) 2021/887 ó Pharlaimint na hEorpa agus ón gComhairle an 20 Bealtaine 2021 lena mbunaítear an Lárionad Eorpach um Inniúlachtaí Tionsclaíochta Cibearshlándála, Teicneolaíochta Cibearshlándála agus Taighde Cibearshlándála agus Líonra na Lárionad Náisiúnta Comhordúcháin | foilsitheoir = [[EUR-Lex]] | dátarochtana = 26-07-2026}}</ref> <ref name=:0>{{lua idirlín | dáta = 2020-12-10 | teideal = Bucharest, Romania, will host European Cybersecurity Competence Center | url=https://emerging-europe.com/news/bucharest-to-host-eu-cybersecurity-centre/ | dátarochtana = 2021-08-20 | work = Emerging Europe | teanga = en-US | archive-date=2021-08-20 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210820145743/https://emerging-europe.com/news/bucharest-to-host-eu-cybersecurity-centre/ | url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name=euractiv2020>{{lua idirlín | sloinne = Lungu | ainm = Adrian | dáta = 2020-12-10 | teideal = Bucharest to host EU's new cybersecurity centre | url=https://www.euractiv.com/section/cybersecurity/news/bucharest-to-host-eus-new-cybersecurity-centre/ | dátarochtana = 2021-08-20 | work = [[Euractiv]] | teanga = en-GB | archive-date=2021-07-28 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210728194947/https://www.euractiv.com/section/cybersecurity/news/bucharest-to-host-eus-new-cybersecurity-centre/ | url-status=live}}</ref> }} [[Catagóir:Gníomhaireachtaí an Aontais Eorpaigh]] {{Gníomhaireachtaí an Aontais Eorpaigh|state=collapsed}} == References == <references /> == External links == * [https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32021R0887 Regulation establishing the European Cybersecurity Industrial, Technology and Research Competence Centre and the Network of National Coordination Centres] {{Agencies, independent bodies and joint undertakings of the European Union and the Euratom}} [[Category:2021 establishments in the European Union]] [[Category:Politics of the European Union]] [[Category:Information technology organizations based in Europe]] [[Category:Executive agencies of the European Commission]] [[Category:Organizations based in Bucharest]] [[Category:Scientific organizations established in 2021]] {{EU-stub}} == Tíreolaíocht == [[Réigiún na Teorann]] === Geografaíocht fhisiceach [[Íomhá:Glencar waterfall01.jpg| thumb | 170px | [[Loch Ghleann an Chairthe|Eas Ghleann an Chairthe]], Liatroim]] '' The region encompasses the entire northwest coast of Ireland along the [[an tAigéan Atlantach]]. Two of Ireland's longest rivers, [[an tSionainn]] and the [[an Éirne]], agus an [[Uiscebhealach na Sionainne is na hÉirne]] eatarthu. Cavan and Monaghan in the east of the region are characterized by a drumlin landscape, with hundreds of loughs interspersed between. [[Loch Aillionn]] in Leitrim is the region's largest lake, at 35 km². '' The west of the region, from [[Teallach Eathach]], County Cavan, to the Atlantic coast is largely rocky and mountainous, with coastal cliffs but also beaches in counties Sligo, Donegal and Leitrim. Leitrim has the smallest coastline of any county, at just 5&nbsp;km in length, while Donegal has the longest, at 1,134&nbsp;km. === Foraoiseacht '' there is a total of 130,345 ha of forest and woodland cover in the Border Region, equating to 11.3% of the region's land area, the national average.<ref name=govagri2017 /> '' Traditionally, the region had a very low cover forest and planting schemes were undertaken by the Department of Agriculture or [[Comhlachtaí státurraithe na hÉireann|comhlachtaí státurraithe]] such as [[Coillte]]. County Leitrim is now Ireland's most forested county at 18.9% forest cover. However, over 50% of Leitrim's forests are in private ownership.<ref name=govagri2006 /> === Aeráid '' Under [[Aicmiú aeráide Köppen]], the region experiences a maritime [[aeráid mheasartha]] [[aeráid aigéanach]], meaning cool winters, mild humid summers, and a lack of temperature extremes. Summer daytime temperatures range between 15°C agus 22°C, rarely going beyond 25°C. While the region generally experiences mild winters, upland areas typically have snow. Humidity is high year round and rainfall ranges from ~1,250&nbsp;mm ([[Marcréidh]], Sligeach) to ~1,000&nbsp;mm ([[Béal Átha hÉis]], Cabhán), evenly distributed throughout the year. <ref name=metclimate /> === Geolaíocht [[Íomhá: Benbulben2.jpg | thumb | 200px | [[Binn Ghulbain]], Contae Shligigh]] '' There are many large mountain ranges and high sea cliffs in the region, such as the [[Sléibhte Dhoire Bheatha]], [[Sliabh Liag]], the [[Binn Chuilceach]] agus [[Binn Ghulbain]]. The region is generally underlain by [[an tOrdaivíseach]] and [[an Siolúrach]] sceallaí agus gréabhacaí, laid down 417-495 million years ago. These are found in eastern Cavan and Monaghan. The bedrock of western Cavan, Leitrim and Sligo is composed mostly of [[carbónmhar]] limestones that were laid roughly 355 million years ago. However, a 1.5 billion year old narrow strip of metamorphosed gneisses extend across Sligo near [[Sliabh Gamh]].<ref name=geocavan /><ref name=geosligo /> '' County Donegal has one of the most complex geologies in Ireland. Much of the county is underlain by [[Réamhchaimbriach]] gneiss, schist and quartzite, laid down during the Grenvillian Orogeny 700 million years ago. The Border Region's highest point, [[An Earagail]], at 751 m, is composed of Precambrian quartzite. '' Ireland's oldest rocks, laid down 1.78 billion years ago, are found on the island of [[Inis Trá Tholl]].<ref name=gsi /> Inis Trá Tholl is Ireland's most northerly island, located approximately 10&nbsp;km north of [[Cionn Mhálanna]], mainland Ireland's most northerly point. '' [[Loch Súilí]] in Donegal is one of Ireland's three fjords. == Buntásc == __NOINDEX__ __NOTOC__ hbc4zyhzu6gkjoulm68urq5ywqaqq5r 1321737 1321736 2026-07-26T21:53:46Z Marcas.oduinn 33120 1321737 wikitext text/x-wiki == Ceanntásc == (an t)Údarás um..., (an) G(h)níomhaireacht um... (an) Comhbheartas Talmhaíochta. Cé acu sa teideal? Féach: * [http://www.gaois.ie gaois.ie]. * ''Wikidata list'' [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Wikidata list/Contaetha na hÉireann#Réigiún na hÉireann|Réigiúin na hÉireann]]. === Réigiún === {| class="wikitable" style="width:100%; vertical-align:top;" ! style="width:50%;" | Réigiúin ! style="width:50%;" | Réigiúin NUTS |- | style="text-align:center" | [[Íomhá:IrelandRegions.png | center]] | align=center | [[Íomhá:NUTS3 Boundaries Ireland.png | center]] |- | style="vertical-align:top;" | Réigiúin na hÉireann: * (A) Tuaisceart * (B) Iarthar * (C) Iardheisceart * (D) Oirdheisceart * (E) Oirthear [BÁC] * (F) [[Lár na Tíre (Éire)]] | style="vertical-align:top;" | '''Réigiúin''' NUTS 3 na hÉireann: * [[Réigiún na Teorann|Teorainn]] * [[Réigiún an Iarthair|Iarthar]] * [[Réigiún Lár na Tíre|Lár na Tíre]] * [[Réigiún an Lár-Oirthir|Lár-Oirthear]] * [[Réigiún Bhaile Átha Cliath|Baile Átha Cliath]] * [[Réigiún an Lár-Iarthair|Lár-Iarthar]] * [[Réigiún an Oirdheiscirt|Oirdheisceart]] * [[Réigiún an Iardheiscirt|Iardheisceart]] |} {| |- | [[Íomhá:Newborderregionboundary.png | 80px]]<!--[[Íomhá:Ireland location map Border region.svg | 40px]]--> | [[Íomhá:Ireland location map West region.svg | 80px]] | [[Íomhá:Ireland location map Midlands.svg | 80px]] | [[Íomhá:Mid East Ireland 2018.png | 80px]]<!--[[Íomhá:Ireland location map Mid-East.svg | 40px]]--> | [[Íomhá:Island_of_Ireland_location_map_Dublin.svg | 80px]] | [[Íomhá:Mid-West Region Map Ireland 2018.png | 80px]]<!--[[Íomhá:Mid-West Region Map Ireland 2018.png | 40px]]--> | [[Íomhá:SE Region Ireland 2018.png | 80px]]<!--[[Íomhá:Ireland location map South East.svg | 40px]]--> | [[Íomhá:Ireland location map South West.svg | 80px]] |} === Acrainm === * [[Aicmiú Comhchoiteann na nAonad Críche maidir le Staidreamh|NUTS]] - Acáise * [[Comhordú an Eolais ar an Timpeallacht|CORINE]] - Ceolta * [[CORDIS]] - SeoTaifeach * [[Inter-Active Terminology for Europe|IATE]] - Tighe == Eile == * {{tl|Gníomhaireachtaí an Aontais Eorpaigh|state=collapsed}} * [[Gníomhaireacht Sábháilteachta Eitlíochta an Aontais Eorpaigh]] (2002), [[Institiúid Eorpach um Nuálaíocht agus Teicneolaíocht]] (2008), [[Comhlacht na Rialálaithe Eorpacha um Chumarsáid Leictreonach]] (BEREC) (2009) &leftarrow; (BEREC Office) - [[Gníomhaireacht Tacaíochta BEREC]] (2018), [[an tÚdarás um Páirtithe Polaitiúla Eorpacha agus um Fhondúireachtaí Polaitiúla Eorpacha]] (2016), [[EU-CyCLONe]] (2020), [[Údarás Custaim an Aontais Eorpaigh]] (2026) # [[:en:Executive Agency for Competitiveness and Innovation|Competitiveness and Innovation]] - [[Gníomhaireacht Feidhmiúcháin um Iomaíochas agus Nuálaíocht]] # [[:en:European Cybersecurity Competence Centre|Cybersecurity Competence]] - an [[Lárionad Eorpach Inniúlachta um Thionsclaíocht, Teicneolaíocht agus Taighde Cibearshlándála]] # [[:en:Education, Audiovisual and Culture Executive Agency|Education, Audiovisual and Culture]] - [[Gníomhaireacht Feidhmiúcháin Oideachais, Closamhairc agus Cultúir]] # [[:en:European Climate, Infrastructure and Environment Executive Agency|Climate, Infrastructure and Environment]] - [[Gníomhaireacht Feidhmiúcháin Eorpach um an Aeráid, Bonneagar agus Comhshaol]] # [[:en:European Research Executive Agency|Research]] - [[Gníomhaireacht Feidhmiúcháin Eorpach um Thaighde]] # [[:en:European Research Council Executive Agency|Research Council]] - [[Gníomhaireacht Feidhmiúcháin na Comhairle Eorpaí um Thaighde]] == Lárionad Eorpach Inniúlachta um Thionsclaíocht, Teicneolaíocht agus Taighde Cibearshlándála == {{WD Bosca Sonraí Eagraíochta}} | formed = {{Start date|2021|05|20|df=yes}} | headquarters = [[Búcairist]], [[an Rómáin]] | chief1_name = Miguel González Sancho | chief1_position = Interim Executive Director Is [[gníomhaíochtaí an Aontais Eorpaigh|gníomhaireacht]] an [[Aontas Eorpach|Aontais Eorpaigh]] é an '''Lárionad Eorpach Inniúlachta um Chibearshlándála''' (Béarla: '''European Cybersecurity Competence Centre''' (ECCC)), go hoifigiúil '''an Lárionad Eorpach Inniúlachta um Thionsclaíocht, Teicneolaíocht agus Taighde Cibearshlándála''' (Béarla: ''European Cybersecurity Industrial, Technology and Research Competence Centre'').<ref name=iate /><ref name=CELEX:32021R0887 /> '' headquartered in [[Búcairist]], [[an Rómáin]], tasked with funding and coordinating cybersecurity research projects.<ref name=:0 /><ref name=euractiv2020 /> Plans for the introduction of the ECCC were first announced in 2018 by the European Commission and the regulation to establish the centre was published in 2021.<ref name=:0 /> The ECCC collaborates closely with the Network of National Coordination Centres (NCCs). <ref name=>{{lua idirlín | teideal = Cybersecurity Competence Centre {{!}} Shaping Europe's digital future | url=https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/policies/cybersecurity-competence-centre|access-date=2021-08-20|publisher=[[European Commission]]|language=en|archive-date=2021-08-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210827231853/https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/policies/cybersecurity-competence-centre|url-status=live}}</ref> == Eagraíocht '' Although the organization of the ECCC is still being established, the planned administrative and governance structure includes: * ''a Governing Board which provides strategic orientation and oversees ECCC activities * ''an Executive Director who is the ECCC’s legal representative and is responsible for its day-to-day management * ''a Strategic Advisory Group that ensures a comprehensive, ongoing and permanent dialogue between the Community and the Competence Centre.<ref name=csc /> === Liosta de Lárionaid Náisiúnta Comhordúcháin === {| class="wikitable" ! Tír ! Lárionad Náisiúnta Comhordúcháin (LNC) |- | {{Flag|Austria}} an Ostair | [https://www.ncc.gv.at Federal Chancellery of Austria in cooperation with the Austrian Research Promotion Agency] |- | {{Flag|Belgium}} an Bheilg | [https://ccb.belgium.be/ncc Centre for Cybersecurity Belgium] (CCB) |- | {{Flag|Bulgaria}} | [https://egov.bg/wps/portal/egov/en/your%20europe/home Ministry of Electronic Governance] |- | {{Flag|Cyprus}} | [https://dsa.cy/en/ Digital Security Authority] (DSA) |- | {{Flag|Czech Republic}} | [https://nukib.gov.cz/en/ National Cyber and Information Security Agency] |- | {{Flag|Denmark}} | [https://danishbusinessauthority.dk/ The Danish Business Authority] |- | {{Flag|Estonia}} | [https://www.ria.ee/en Estonian Information System Authority] |- | {{Flag|Finland}} | Finnish Transport and Communications Agency Traficom's National Cyber Security Center (NCSC-FI) |[https://www.traficom.fi/en/national-cyber-security-centre traficom.fi] |- | {{Flag|France}} | National Agency for Information Systems Security (ANSSI) | [https://cyber.gouv.fr/our-mission-home cyber.gouv.fr] |- | {{Flag|Germany}} | National Coordination Center for Cybersecurity ( NKCS ) – Federal Office for Information Security (BSI) | [https://www.nkcs.bund.de/de nkcs.bund.de] |- | {{Flag|Greece}} | [https://cyber.gov.gr/en/ National Cybersecurity Authority of Greece] |- | {{Flag|Iceland}} | [https://www.government.is/topics/telecommunications/ncc-is/ Eyvör] - National Coordination Centre of Iceland (NCC-IS) |- | {{Flag|Ireland}} | [https://www.ncsc.gov.ie/ National Cyber Security Centre] (NCSC) |- | {{Flag|Italy}} | [[Agenzia per la Cybersicurezza Nazionale|Agency for national cybersecurity]] (ACN) |- | {{Flag|Latvia}} | [https://www.mod.gov.lv/en Ministry of Defence] |- | {{Flag|Lithuania}} | [https://kam.lt/en/national-coordination-center/ National Coordination Center], Ministry of National Defense |- | {{Flag|Luxembourg}} | [https://www.securitymadein.lu/agency/ncc/Luxembourg Cybersecurity Coordination Centre] |- | {{Flag|Malta}} | [https://www.mita.gov.mt/ Malta Information Technology Agency] |- | {{Flag|Netherlands}} | [https://english.rvo.nl/ The Netherlands Enterprise Agency] (RVO) |- | {{Flag|Norway}} | [https://ncc-no.no/ Norwegian National Coordination Centre for Research and Innovation on Cybersecurity] (NCC-NO) |- | {{Flag|Poland}} | [https://cybersecurity-centre.europa.eu/nccs_en National Cybersecurity Coordination Center Unit in the Chancellery of the Prime Minister] |- | {{Flag|Romania}} | [https://ncc.gov.ro/1/centrul-national-de-coordonare/ Centrul Național de Coordonare] |- | {{Flag|Slovakia}} | [https://cybercompetence.sk/ Cyber Security Competence and Certification Center] (KCCKB) |- | {{Flag|Slovenia}} | [https://www.uiv.gov.si/ncc Office of the Government of the Republic of Slovenia for Information Security] |- | {{Flag|Spain}} | [[The National Cybersecurity Institute]] (INCIBE) |- | {{Flag|Sweden}} | [https://www.msb.se/ Swedish Civil Contingencies Agency] |} == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = <ref name=iate>{{lua idirlín | url = https://iate.europa.eu/entry/result/3574089/ga | teideal = Téarma: an Lárionad Eorpach Inniúlachta um Thionsclaíocht, Teicneolaíocht agus Taighde Cibearshlándála | foilsitheoir = [[IATE]] | dátarochtana = 26-07-2026}}</ref> <ref name=CELEX:32021R0887>{{lua idirlín | url = https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/GA/ALL/?uri=CELEX:32021R0887 | teideal = Rialachán (AE) 2021/887 ó Pharlaimint na hEorpa agus ón gComhairle an 20 Bealtaine 2021 lena mbunaítear an Lárionad Eorpach um Inniúlachtaí Tionsclaíochta Cibearshlándála, Teicneolaíochta Cibearshlándála agus Taighde Cibearshlándála agus Líonra na Lárionad Náisiúnta Comhordúcháin | foilsitheoir = [[EUR-Lex]] | dátarochtana = 26-07-2026}}</ref> <ref name=:0>{{lua idirlín | dáta = 2020-12-10 | teideal = Bucharest, Romania, will host European Cybersecurity Competence Center | url=https://emerging-europe.com/news/bucharest-to-host-eu-cybersecurity-centre/ | dátarochtana = 2021-08-20 | work = Emerging Europe | teanga = en-US | archive-date=2021-08-20 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210820145743/https://emerging-europe.com/news/bucharest-to-host-eu-cybersecurity-centre/ | url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name=euractiv2020>{{lua idirlín | sloinne = Lungu | ainm = Adrian | dáta = 2020-12-10 | teideal = Bucharest to host EU's new cybersecurity centre | url=https://www.euractiv.com/section/cybersecurity/news/bucharest-to-host-eus-new-cybersecurity-centre/ | dátarochtana = 2021-08-20 | work = [[Euractiv]] | teanga = en-GB | archive-date=2021-07-28 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210728194947/https://www.euractiv.com/section/cybersecurity/news/bucharest-to-host-eus-new-cybersecurity-centre/ | url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name=csc>{{lua idirlín | teideal = European Cybersecurity Competence Centre and Network | url = https://cybersecurity-centre.europa.eu/index_en | foilsitheoir = European Commission, Directorate-General for Communications Networks, Content and Technology | dátarochtana = 2022-07-19 | archive-date=2022-07-19 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220719032122/https://cybersecurity-centre.europa.eu/index_en | url-status=live}}</ref> }} [[Catagóir:Gníomhaireachtaí an Aontais Eorpaigh]] {{Gníomhaireachtaí an Aontais Eorpaigh|state=collapsed}} == References == <references /> == External links == * [https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32021R0887 Regulation establishing the European Cybersecurity Industrial, Technology and Research Competence Centre and the Network of National Coordination Centres] {{Agencies, independent bodies and joint undertakings of the European Union and the Euratom}} [[Category:2021 establishments in the European Union]] [[Category:Politics of the European Union]] [[Category:Information technology organizations based in Europe]] [[Category:Executive agencies of the European Commission]] [[Category:Organizations based in Bucharest]] [[Category:Scientific organizations established in 2021]] {{EU-stub}} == Tíreolaíocht == [[Réigiún na Teorann]] === Geografaíocht fhisiceach [[Íomhá:Glencar waterfall01.jpg| thumb | 170px | [[Loch Ghleann an Chairthe|Eas Ghleann an Chairthe]], Liatroim]] '' The region encompasses the entire northwest coast of Ireland along the [[an tAigéan Atlantach]]. Two of Ireland's longest rivers, [[an tSionainn]] and the [[an Éirne]], agus an [[Uiscebhealach na Sionainne is na hÉirne]] eatarthu. Cavan and Monaghan in the east of the region are characterized by a drumlin landscape, with hundreds of loughs interspersed between. [[Loch Aillionn]] in Leitrim is the region's largest lake, at 35 km². '' The west of the region, from [[Teallach Eathach]], County Cavan, to the Atlantic coast is largely rocky and mountainous, with coastal cliffs but also beaches in counties Sligo, Donegal and Leitrim. Leitrim has the smallest coastline of any county, at just 5&nbsp;km in length, while Donegal has the longest, at 1,134&nbsp;km. === Foraoiseacht '' there is a total of 130,345 ha of forest and woodland cover in the Border Region, equating to 11.3% of the region's land area, the national average.<ref name=govagri2017 /> '' Traditionally, the region had a very low cover forest and planting schemes were undertaken by the Department of Agriculture or [[Comhlachtaí státurraithe na hÉireann|comhlachtaí státurraithe]] such as [[Coillte]]. County Leitrim is now Ireland's most forested county at 18.9% forest cover. However, over 50% of Leitrim's forests are in private ownership.<ref name=govagri2006 /> === Aeráid '' Under [[Aicmiú aeráide Köppen]], the region experiences a maritime [[aeráid mheasartha]] [[aeráid aigéanach]], meaning cool winters, mild humid summers, and a lack of temperature extremes. Summer daytime temperatures range between 15°C agus 22°C, rarely going beyond 25°C. While the region generally experiences mild winters, upland areas typically have snow. Humidity is high year round and rainfall ranges from ~1,250&nbsp;mm ([[Marcréidh]], Sligeach) to ~1,000&nbsp;mm ([[Béal Átha hÉis]], Cabhán), evenly distributed throughout the year. <ref name=metclimate /> === Geolaíocht [[Íomhá: Benbulben2.jpg | thumb | 200px | [[Binn Ghulbain]], Contae Shligigh]] '' There are many large mountain ranges and high sea cliffs in the region, such as the [[Sléibhte Dhoire Bheatha]], [[Sliabh Liag]], the [[Binn Chuilceach]] agus [[Binn Ghulbain]]. The region is generally underlain by [[an tOrdaivíseach]] and [[an Siolúrach]] sceallaí agus gréabhacaí, laid down 417-495 million years ago. These are found in eastern Cavan and Monaghan. The bedrock of western Cavan, Leitrim and Sligo is composed mostly of [[carbónmhar]] limestones that were laid roughly 355 million years ago. However, a 1.5 billion year old narrow strip of metamorphosed gneisses extend across Sligo near [[Sliabh Gamh]].<ref name=geocavan /><ref name=geosligo /> '' County Donegal has one of the most complex geologies in Ireland. Much of the county is underlain by [[Réamhchaimbriach]] gneiss, schist and quartzite, laid down during the Grenvillian Orogeny 700 million years ago. The Border Region's highest point, [[An Earagail]], at 751 m, is composed of Precambrian quartzite. '' Ireland's oldest rocks, laid down 1.78 billion years ago, are found on the island of [[Inis Trá Tholl]].<ref name=gsi /> Inis Trá Tholl is Ireland's most northerly island, located approximately 10&nbsp;km north of [[Cionn Mhálanna]], mainland Ireland's most northerly point. '' [[Loch Súilí]] in Donegal is one of Ireland's three fjords. == Buntásc == __NOINDEX__ __NOTOC__ odcxmr8c2wwnz8f89i9bhytn8uzrm00 1321738 1321737 2026-07-26T21:55:24Z Marcas.oduinn 33120 /* Lárionad Eorpach Inniúlachta um Thionsclaíocht, Teicneolaíocht agus Taighde Cibearshlándála */ 1321738 wikitext text/x-wiki == Ceanntásc == (an t)Údarás um..., (an) G(h)níomhaireacht um... (an) Comhbheartas Talmhaíochta. Cé acu sa teideal? Féach: * [http://www.gaois.ie gaois.ie]. * ''Wikidata list'' [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Wikidata list/Contaetha na hÉireann#Réigiún na hÉireann|Réigiúin na hÉireann]]. === Réigiún === {| class="wikitable" style="width:100%; vertical-align:top;" ! style="width:50%;" | Réigiúin ! style="width:50%;" | Réigiúin NUTS |- | style="text-align:center" | [[Íomhá:IrelandRegions.png | center]] | align=center | [[Íomhá:NUTS3 Boundaries Ireland.png | center]] |- | style="vertical-align:top;" | Réigiúin na hÉireann: * (A) Tuaisceart * (B) Iarthar * (C) Iardheisceart * (D) Oirdheisceart * (E) Oirthear [BÁC] * (F) [[Lár na Tíre (Éire)]] | style="vertical-align:top;" | '''Réigiúin''' NUTS 3 na hÉireann: * [[Réigiún na Teorann|Teorainn]] * [[Réigiún an Iarthair|Iarthar]] * [[Réigiún Lár na Tíre|Lár na Tíre]] * [[Réigiún an Lár-Oirthir|Lár-Oirthear]] * [[Réigiún Bhaile Átha Cliath|Baile Átha Cliath]] * [[Réigiún an Lár-Iarthair|Lár-Iarthar]] * [[Réigiún an Oirdheiscirt|Oirdheisceart]] * [[Réigiún an Iardheiscirt|Iardheisceart]] |} {| |- | [[Íomhá:Newborderregionboundary.png | 80px]]<!--[[Íomhá:Ireland location map Border region.svg | 40px]]--> | [[Íomhá:Ireland location map West region.svg | 80px]] | [[Íomhá:Ireland location map Midlands.svg | 80px]] | [[Íomhá:Mid East Ireland 2018.png | 80px]]<!--[[Íomhá:Ireland location map Mid-East.svg | 40px]]--> | [[Íomhá:Island_of_Ireland_location_map_Dublin.svg | 80px]] | [[Íomhá:Mid-West Region Map Ireland 2018.png | 80px]]<!--[[Íomhá:Mid-West Region Map Ireland 2018.png | 40px]]--> | [[Íomhá:SE Region Ireland 2018.png | 80px]]<!--[[Íomhá:Ireland location map South East.svg | 40px]]--> | [[Íomhá:Ireland location map South West.svg | 80px]] |} === Acrainm === * [[Aicmiú Comhchoiteann na nAonad Críche maidir le Staidreamh|NUTS]] - Acáise * [[Comhordú an Eolais ar an Timpeallacht|CORINE]] - Ceolta * [[CORDIS]] - SeoTaifeach * [[Inter-Active Terminology for Europe|IATE]] - Tighe == Eile == * {{tl|Gníomhaireachtaí an Aontais Eorpaigh|state=collapsed}} * [[Gníomhaireacht Sábháilteachta Eitlíochta an Aontais Eorpaigh]] (2002), [[Institiúid Eorpach um Nuálaíocht agus Teicneolaíocht]] (2008), [[Comhlacht na Rialálaithe Eorpacha um Chumarsáid Leictreonach]] (BEREC) (2009) &leftarrow; (BEREC Office) - [[Gníomhaireacht Tacaíochta BEREC]] (2018), [[an tÚdarás um Páirtithe Polaitiúla Eorpacha agus um Fhondúireachtaí Polaitiúla Eorpacha]] (2016), [[EU-CyCLONe]] (2020), [[Údarás Custaim an Aontais Eorpaigh]] (2026) # [[:en:Executive Agency for Competitiveness and Innovation|Competitiveness and Innovation]] - [[Gníomhaireacht Feidhmiúcháin um Iomaíochas agus Nuálaíocht]] # [[:en:European Cybersecurity Competence Centre|Cybersecurity Competence]] - an [[Lárionad Eorpach Inniúlachta um Thionsclaíocht, Teicneolaíocht agus Taighde Cibearshlándála]] # [[:en:Education, Audiovisual and Culture Executive Agency|Education, Audiovisual and Culture]] - [[Gníomhaireacht Feidhmiúcháin Oideachais, Closamhairc agus Cultúir]] # [[:en:European Climate, Infrastructure and Environment Executive Agency|Climate, Infrastructure and Environment]] - [[Gníomhaireacht Feidhmiúcháin Eorpach um an Aeráid, Bonneagar agus Comhshaol]] # [[:en:European Research Executive Agency|Research]] - [[Gníomhaireacht Feidhmiúcháin Eorpach um Thaighde]] # [[:en:European Research Council Executive Agency|Research Council]] - [[Gníomhaireacht Feidhmiúcháin na Comhairle Eorpaí um Thaighde]] == Lárionad Eorpach Inniúlachta um Thionsclaíocht, Teicneolaíocht agus Taighde Cibearshlándála == {{WD Bosca Sonraí Eagraíochta}} | formed = {{Start date|2021|05|20|df=yes}} | headquarters = [[Búcairist]], [[an Rómáin]] | chief1_name = Miguel González Sancho | chief1_position = Interim Executive Director Is [[gníomhaireachtaí an Aontais Eorpaigh|gníomhaireacht]] an [[Aontas Eorpach|Aontais Eorpaigh]] é an '''Lárionad Eorpach Inniúlachta um Chibearshlándála''' (Béarla: '''European Cybersecurity Competence Centre''' (ECCC)), go hoifigiúil '''an Lárionad Eorpach Inniúlachta um Thionsclaíocht, Teicneolaíocht agus Taighde Cibearshlándála''' (Béarla: ''European Cybersecurity Industrial, Technology and Research Competence Centre'').<ref name=iate /><ref name=CELEX:32021R0887 /> '' headquartered in [[Búcairist]], [[an Rómáin]], tasked with funding and coordinating cybersecurity research projects.<ref name=:0 /><ref name=euractiv2020 /> Plans for the introduction of the ECCC were first announced in 2018 by the European Commission and the regulation to establish the centre was published in 2021.<ref name=:0 /> The ECCC collaborates closely with the Network of National Coordination Centres (NCCs). <ref name=>{{lua idirlín | teideal = Cybersecurity Competence Centre {{!}} Shaping Europe's digital future | url=https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/policies/cybersecurity-competence-centre|access-date=2021-08-20|publisher=[[European Commission]]|language=en|archive-date=2021-08-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210827231853/https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/policies/cybersecurity-competence-centre|url-status=live}}</ref> == Eagraíocht '' Although the organization of the ECCC is still being established, the planned administrative and governance structure includes: * ''a Governing Board which provides strategic orientation and oversees ECCC activities * ''an Executive Director who is the ECCC’s legal representative and is responsible for its day-to-day management * ''a Strategic Advisory Group that ensures a comprehensive, ongoing and permanent dialogue between the Community and the Competence Centre.<ref name=csc /> === Liosta de Lárionaid Náisiúnta Comhordúcháin === {| class="wikitable" ! Tír ! Lárionad Náisiúnta Comhordúcháin (LNC) |- | {{Flag|Austria}} an Ostair | [https://www.ncc.gv.at Federal Chancellery of Austria in cooperation with the Austrian Research Promotion Agency] |- | {{Flag|Belgium}} an Bheilg | [https://ccb.belgium.be/ncc Centre for Cybersecurity Belgium] (CCB) |- | {{Flag|Bulgaria}} | [https://egov.bg/wps/portal/egov/en/your%20europe/home Ministry of Electronic Governance] |- | {{Flag|Cyprus}} | [https://dsa.cy/en/ Digital Security Authority] (DSA) |- | {{Flag|Czech Republic}} | [https://nukib.gov.cz/en/ National Cyber and Information Security Agency] |- | {{Flag|Denmark}} | [https://danishbusinessauthority.dk/ The Danish Business Authority] |- | {{Flag|Estonia}} | [https://www.ria.ee/en Estonian Information System Authority] |- | {{Flag|Finland}} | [https://www.traficom.fi/en/national-cyber-security-centre Finnish Transport and Communications Agency Traficom's National Cyber Security Center] (NCSC-FI) |- | {{Flag|France}} | [https://cyber.gouv.fr/our-mission-home National Agency for Information Systems Security] (ANSSI) |- | {{Flag|Germany}} | [https://www.nkcs.bund.de/de National Coordination Center for Cybersecurity] ( NKCS ) – Federal Office for Information Security (BSI)] |- | {{Flag|Greece}} | [https://cyber.gov.gr/en/ National Cybersecurity Authority of Greece] |- | {{Flag|Iceland}} | [https://www.government.is/topics/telecommunications/ncc-is/ Eyvör] - National Coordination Centre of Iceland (NCC-IS) |- | {{Flag|Ireland}} | [https://www.ncsc.gov.ie/ National Cyber Security Centre] (NCSC) |- | {{Flag|Italy}} | [[Agenzia per la Cybersicurezza Nazionale|Agency for national cybersecurity]] (ACN) |- | {{Flag|Latvia}} | [https://www.mod.gov.lv/en Ministry of Defence] |- | {{Flag|Lithuania}} | [https://kam.lt/en/national-coordination-center/ National Coordination Center], Ministry of National Defense |- | {{Flag|Luxembourg}} | [https://www.securitymadein.lu/agency/ncc/Luxembourg Cybersecurity Coordination Centre] |- | {{Flag|Malta}} | [https://www.mita.gov.mt/ Malta Information Technology Agency] |- | {{Flag|Netherlands}} | [https://english.rvo.nl/ The Netherlands Enterprise Agency] (RVO) |- | {{Flag|Norway}} | [https://ncc-no.no/ Norwegian National Coordination Centre for Research and Innovation on Cybersecurity] (NCC-NO) |- | {{Flag|Poland}} | [https://cybersecurity-centre.europa.eu/nccs_en National Cybersecurity Coordination Center Unit in the Chancellery of the Prime Minister] |- | {{Flag|Romania}} | [https://ncc.gov.ro/1/centrul-national-de-coordonare/ Centrul Național de Coordonare] |- | {{Flag|Slovakia}} | [https://cybercompetence.sk/ Cyber Security Competence and Certification Center] (KCCKB) |- | {{Flag|Slovenia}} | [https://www.uiv.gov.si/ncc Office of the Government of the Republic of Slovenia for Information Security] |- | {{Flag|Spain}} | [[The National Cybersecurity Institute]] (INCIBE) |- | {{Flag|Sweden}} | [https://www.msb.se/ Swedish Civil Contingencies Agency] |} == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = <ref name=iate>{{lua idirlín | url = https://iate.europa.eu/entry/result/3574089/ga | teideal = Téarma: an Lárionad Eorpach Inniúlachta um Thionsclaíocht, Teicneolaíocht agus Taighde Cibearshlándála | foilsitheoir = [[IATE]] | dátarochtana = 26-07-2026}}</ref> <ref name=CELEX:32021R0887>{{lua idirlín | url = https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/GA/ALL/?uri=CELEX:32021R0887 | teideal = Rialachán (AE) 2021/887 ó Pharlaimint na hEorpa agus ón gComhairle an 20 Bealtaine 2021 lena mbunaítear an Lárionad Eorpach um Inniúlachtaí Tionsclaíochta Cibearshlándála, Teicneolaíochta Cibearshlándála agus Taighde Cibearshlándála agus Líonra na Lárionad Náisiúnta Comhordúcháin | foilsitheoir = [[EUR-Lex]] | dátarochtana = 26-07-2026}}</ref> <ref name=:0>{{lua idirlín | dáta = 2020-12-10 | teideal = Bucharest, Romania, will host European Cybersecurity Competence Center | url=https://emerging-europe.com/news/bucharest-to-host-eu-cybersecurity-centre/ | dátarochtana = 2021-08-20 | work = Emerging Europe | teanga = en-US | archive-date=2021-08-20 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210820145743/https://emerging-europe.com/news/bucharest-to-host-eu-cybersecurity-centre/ | url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name=euractiv2020>{{lua idirlín | sloinne = Lungu | ainm = Adrian | dáta = 2020-12-10 | teideal = Bucharest to host EU's new cybersecurity centre | url=https://www.euractiv.com/section/cybersecurity/news/bucharest-to-host-eus-new-cybersecurity-centre/ | dátarochtana = 2021-08-20 | work = [[Euractiv]] | teanga = en-GB | archive-date=2021-07-28 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210728194947/https://www.euractiv.com/section/cybersecurity/news/bucharest-to-host-eus-new-cybersecurity-centre/ | url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name=csc>{{lua idirlín | teideal = European Cybersecurity Competence Centre and Network | url = https://cybersecurity-centre.europa.eu/index_en | foilsitheoir = European Commission, Directorate-General for Communications Networks, Content and Technology | dátarochtana = 2022-07-19 | archive-date=2022-07-19 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220719032122/https://cybersecurity-centre.europa.eu/index_en | url-status=live}}</ref> }} [[Catagóir:Gníomhaireachtaí an Aontais Eorpaigh]] {{Gníomhaireachtaí an Aontais Eorpaigh|state=collapsed}} == References == <references /> == External links == * [https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32021R0887 Regulation establishing the European Cybersecurity Industrial, Technology and Research Competence Centre and the Network of National Coordination Centres] {{Agencies, independent bodies and joint undertakings of the European Union and the Euratom}} [[Category:2021 establishments in the European Union]] [[Category:Politics of the European Union]] [[Category:Information technology organizations based in Europe]] [[Category:Executive agencies of the European Commission]] [[Category:Organizations based in Bucharest]] [[Category:Scientific organizations established in 2021]] {{EU-stub}} == Tíreolaíocht == [[Réigiún na Teorann]] === Geografaíocht fhisiceach [[Íomhá:Glencar waterfall01.jpg| thumb | 170px | [[Loch Ghleann an Chairthe|Eas Ghleann an Chairthe]], Liatroim]] '' The region encompasses the entire northwest coast of Ireland along the [[an tAigéan Atlantach]]. Two of Ireland's longest rivers, [[an tSionainn]] and the [[an Éirne]], agus an [[Uiscebhealach na Sionainne is na hÉirne]] eatarthu. Cavan and Monaghan in the east of the region are characterized by a drumlin landscape, with hundreds of loughs interspersed between. [[Loch Aillionn]] in Leitrim is the region's largest lake, at 35 km². '' The west of the region, from [[Teallach Eathach]], County Cavan, to the Atlantic coast is largely rocky and mountainous, with coastal cliffs but also beaches in counties Sligo, Donegal and Leitrim. Leitrim has the smallest coastline of any county, at just 5&nbsp;km in length, while Donegal has the longest, at 1,134&nbsp;km. === Foraoiseacht '' there is a total of 130,345 ha of forest and woodland cover in the Border Region, equating to 11.3% of the region's land area, the national average.<ref name=govagri2017 /> '' Traditionally, the region had a very low cover forest and planting schemes were undertaken by the Department of Agriculture or [[Comhlachtaí státurraithe na hÉireann|comhlachtaí státurraithe]] such as [[Coillte]]. County Leitrim is now Ireland's most forested county at 18.9% forest cover. However, over 50% of Leitrim's forests are in private ownership.<ref name=govagri2006 /> === Aeráid '' Under [[Aicmiú aeráide Köppen]], the region experiences a maritime [[aeráid mheasartha]] [[aeráid aigéanach]], meaning cool winters, mild humid summers, and a lack of temperature extremes. Summer daytime temperatures range between 15°C agus 22°C, rarely going beyond 25°C. While the region generally experiences mild winters, upland areas typically have snow. Humidity is high year round and rainfall ranges from ~1,250&nbsp;mm ([[Marcréidh]], Sligeach) to ~1,000&nbsp;mm ([[Béal Átha hÉis]], Cabhán), evenly distributed throughout the year. <ref name=metclimate /> === Geolaíocht [[Íomhá: Benbulben2.jpg | thumb | 200px | [[Binn Ghulbain]], Contae Shligigh]] '' There are many large mountain ranges and high sea cliffs in the region, such as the [[Sléibhte Dhoire Bheatha]], [[Sliabh Liag]], the [[Binn Chuilceach]] agus [[Binn Ghulbain]]. The region is generally underlain by [[an tOrdaivíseach]] and [[an Siolúrach]] sceallaí agus gréabhacaí, laid down 417-495 million years ago. These are found in eastern Cavan and Monaghan. The bedrock of western Cavan, Leitrim and Sligo is composed mostly of [[carbónmhar]] limestones that were laid roughly 355 million years ago. However, a 1.5 billion year old narrow strip of metamorphosed gneisses extend across Sligo near [[Sliabh Gamh]].<ref name=geocavan /><ref name=geosligo /> '' County Donegal has one of the most complex geologies in Ireland. Much of the county is underlain by [[Réamhchaimbriach]] gneiss, schist and quartzite, laid down during the Grenvillian Orogeny 700 million years ago. The Border Region's highest point, [[An Earagail]], at 751 m, is composed of Precambrian quartzite. '' Ireland's oldest rocks, laid down 1.78 billion years ago, are found on the island of [[Inis Trá Tholl]].<ref name=gsi /> Inis Trá Tholl is Ireland's most northerly island, located approximately 10&nbsp;km north of [[Cionn Mhálanna]], mainland Ireland's most northerly point. '' [[Loch Súilí]] in Donegal is one of Ireland's three fjords. == Buntásc == __NOINDEX__ __NOTOC__ ifi4tnuwm0eonxvszs4svhe2wniz5ze 1321739 1321738 2026-07-26T22:00:43Z Marcas.oduinn 33120 /* Lárionad Eorpach Inniúlachta um Thionsclaíocht, Teicneolaíocht agus Taighde Cibearshlándála */ 1321739 wikitext text/x-wiki == Ceanntásc == (an t)Údarás um..., (an) G(h)níomhaireacht um... (an) Comhbheartas Talmhaíochta. Cé acu sa teideal? Féach: * [http://www.gaois.ie gaois.ie]. * ''Wikidata list'' [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Wikidata list/Contaetha na hÉireann#Réigiún na hÉireann|Réigiúin na hÉireann]]. === Réigiún === {| class="wikitable" style="width:100%; vertical-align:top;" ! style="width:50%;" | Réigiúin ! style="width:50%;" | Réigiúin NUTS |- | style="text-align:center" | [[Íomhá:IrelandRegions.png | center]] | align=center | [[Íomhá:NUTS3 Boundaries Ireland.png | center]] |- | style="vertical-align:top;" | Réigiúin na hÉireann: * (A) Tuaisceart * (B) Iarthar * (C) Iardheisceart * (D) Oirdheisceart * (E) Oirthear [BÁC] * (F) [[Lár na Tíre (Éire)]] | style="vertical-align:top;" | '''Réigiúin''' NUTS 3 na hÉireann: * [[Réigiún na Teorann|Teorainn]] * [[Réigiún an Iarthair|Iarthar]] * [[Réigiún Lár na Tíre|Lár na Tíre]] * [[Réigiún an Lár-Oirthir|Lár-Oirthear]] * [[Réigiún Bhaile Átha Cliath|Baile Átha Cliath]] * [[Réigiún an Lár-Iarthair|Lár-Iarthar]] * [[Réigiún an Oirdheiscirt|Oirdheisceart]] * [[Réigiún an Iardheiscirt|Iardheisceart]] |} {| |- | [[Íomhá:Newborderregionboundary.png | 80px]]<!--[[Íomhá:Ireland location map Border region.svg | 40px]]--> | [[Íomhá:Ireland location map West region.svg | 80px]] | [[Íomhá:Ireland location map Midlands.svg | 80px]] | [[Íomhá:Mid East Ireland 2018.png | 80px]]<!--[[Íomhá:Ireland location map Mid-East.svg | 40px]]--> | [[Íomhá:Island_of_Ireland_location_map_Dublin.svg | 80px]] | [[Íomhá:Mid-West Region Map Ireland 2018.png | 80px]]<!--[[Íomhá:Mid-West Region Map Ireland 2018.png | 40px]]--> | [[Íomhá:SE Region Ireland 2018.png | 80px]]<!--[[Íomhá:Ireland location map South East.svg | 40px]]--> | [[Íomhá:Ireland location map South West.svg | 80px]] |} === Acrainm === * [[Aicmiú Comhchoiteann na nAonad Críche maidir le Staidreamh|NUTS]] - Acáise * [[Comhordú an Eolais ar an Timpeallacht|CORINE]] - Ceolta * [[CORDIS]] - SeoTaifeach * [[Inter-Active Terminology for Europe|IATE]] - Tighe == Eile == * {{tl|Gníomhaireachtaí an Aontais Eorpaigh|state=collapsed}} * [[Gníomhaireacht Sábháilteachta Eitlíochta an Aontais Eorpaigh]] (2002), [[Institiúid Eorpach um Nuálaíocht agus Teicneolaíocht]] (2008), [[Comhlacht na Rialálaithe Eorpacha um Chumarsáid Leictreonach]] (BEREC) (2009) &leftarrow; (BEREC Office) - [[Gníomhaireacht Tacaíochta BEREC]] (2018), [[an tÚdarás um Páirtithe Polaitiúla Eorpacha agus um Fhondúireachtaí Polaitiúla Eorpacha]] (2016), [[EU-CyCLONe]] (2020), [[Údarás Custaim an Aontais Eorpaigh]] (2026) # [[:en:Executive Agency for Competitiveness and Innovation|Competitiveness and Innovation]] - [[Gníomhaireacht Feidhmiúcháin um Iomaíochas agus Nuálaíocht]] # [[:en:European Cybersecurity Competence Centre|Cybersecurity Competence]] - an [[Lárionad Eorpach Inniúlachta um Thionsclaíocht, Teicneolaíocht agus Taighde Cibearshlándála]] # [[:en:Education, Audiovisual and Culture Executive Agency|Education, Audiovisual and Culture]] - [[Gníomhaireacht Feidhmiúcháin Oideachais, Closamhairc agus Cultúir]] # [[:en:European Climate, Infrastructure and Environment Executive Agency|Climate, Infrastructure and Environment]] - [[Gníomhaireacht Feidhmiúcháin Eorpach um an Aeráid, Bonneagar agus Comhshaol]] # [[:en:European Research Executive Agency|Research]] - [[Gníomhaireacht Feidhmiúcháin Eorpach um Thaighde]] # [[:en:European Research Council Executive Agency|Research Council]] - [[Gníomhaireacht Feidhmiúcháin na Comhairle Eorpaí um Thaighde]] == Lárionad Eorpach Inniúlachta um Thionsclaíocht, Teicneolaíocht agus Taighde Cibearshlándála == {{WD Bosca Sonraí Eagraíochta}} | formed = {{Start date|2021|05|20|df=yes}} | headquarters = [[Búcairist]], [[an Rómáin]] | chief1_name = Miguel González Sancho | chief1_position = Interim Executive Director Is [[gníomhaireachtaí an Aontais Eorpaigh|gníomhaireacht]] an [[Aontas Eorpach|Aontais Eorpaigh]] é an '''Lárionad Eorpach Inniúlachta um Chibearshlándála''' (Béarla: '''European Cybersecurity Competence Centre''' (ECCC)), go hoifigiúil '''an Lárionad Eorpach Inniúlachta um Thionsclaíocht, Teicneolaíocht agus Taighde Cibearshlándála''' (Béarla: ''European Cybersecurity Industrial, Technology and Research Competence Centre'').<ref name=iate /><ref name=CELEX:32021R0887 /> '' headquartered in [[Búcairist]], [[an Rómáin]], tasked with funding and coordinating cybersecurity research projects.<ref name=:0 /><ref name=euractiv2020 /> Plans for the introduction of the ECCC were first announced in 2018 by the European Commission and the regulation to establish the centre was published in 2021.<ref name=:0 /> The ECCC collaborates closely with the Network of National Coordination Centres (NCCs).<ref name=cscc2021 /> == Eagraíocht '' Although the organization of the ECCC is still being established, the planned administrative and governance structure includes: * ''a Governing Board which provides strategic orientation and oversees ECCC activities * ''an Executive Director who is the ECCC’s legal representative and is responsible for its day-to-day management * ''a Strategic Advisory Group that ensures a comprehensive, ongoing and permanent dialogue between the Community and the Competence Centre.<ref name=csc /> === Liosta de Lárionaid Náisiúnta Comhordúcháin === {| class="wikitable" ! Tír ! Lárionad Náisiúnta Comhordúcháin (LNC) |- | {{Flag|Austria}} an Ostair | [https://www.ncc.gv.at Federal Chancellery of Austria in cooperation with the Austrian Research Promotion Agency] |- | {{Flag|Belgium}} an Bheilg | [https://ccb.belgium.be/ncc Centre for Cybersecurity Belgium] (CCB) |- | {{Flag|Bulgaria}} | [https://egov.bg/wps/portal/egov/en/your%20europe/home Ministry of Electronic Governance] |- | {{Flag|Cyprus}} | [https://dsa.cy/en/ Digital Security Authority] (DSA) |- | {{Flag|Czech Republic}} | [https://nukib.gov.cz/en/ National Cyber and Information Security Agency] |- | {{Flag|Denmark}} | [https://danishbusinessauthority.dk/ The Danish Business Authority] |- | {{Flag|Estonia}} | [https://www.ria.ee/en Estonian Information System Authority] |- | {{Flag|Finland}} | [https://www.traficom.fi/en/national-cyber-security-centre Finnish Transport and Communications Agency Traficom's National Cyber Security Center] (NCSC-FI) |- | {{Flag|France}} | [https://cyber.gouv.fr/our-mission-home National Agency for Information Systems Security] (ANSSI) |- | {{Flag|Germany}} | [https://www.nkcs.bund.de/de National Coordination Center for Cybersecurity] ( NKCS ) – Federal Office for Information Security (BSI)] |- | {{Flag|Greece}} | [https://cyber.gov.gr/en/ National Cybersecurity Authority of Greece] |- | {{Flag|Iceland}} | [https://www.government.is/topics/telecommunications/ncc-is/ Eyvör] - National Coordination Centre of Iceland (NCC-IS) |- | {{Flag|Ireland}} | [https://www.ncsc.gov.ie/ National Cyber Security Centre] (NCSC) |- | {{Flag|Italy}} | [[Agenzia per la Cybersicurezza Nazionale|Agency for national cybersecurity]] (ACN) |- | {{Flag|Latvia}} | [https://www.mod.gov.lv/en Ministry of Defence] |- | {{Flag|Lithuania}} | [https://kam.lt/en/national-coordination-center/ National Coordination Center], Ministry of National Defense |- | {{Flag|Luxembourg}} | [https://www.securitymadein.lu/agency/ncc/Luxembourg Cybersecurity Coordination Centre] |- | {{Flag|Malta}} | [https://www.mita.gov.mt/ Malta Information Technology Agency] |- | {{Flag|Netherlands}} | [https://english.rvo.nl/ The Netherlands Enterprise Agency] (RVO) |- | {{Flag|Norway}} | [https://ncc-no.no/ Norwegian National Coordination Centre for Research and Innovation on Cybersecurity] (NCC-NO) |- | {{Flag|Poland}} | [https://cybersecurity-centre.europa.eu/nccs_en National Cybersecurity Coordination Center Unit in the Chancellery of the Prime Minister] |- | {{Flag|Romania}} | [https://ncc.gov.ro/1/centrul-national-de-coordonare/ Centrul Național de Coordonare] |- | {{Flag|Slovakia}} | [https://cybercompetence.sk/ Cyber Security Competence and Certification Center] (KCCKB) |- | {{Flag|Slovenia}} | [https://www.uiv.gov.si/ncc Office of the Government of the Republic of Slovenia for Information Security] |- | {{Flag|Spain}} | [[The National Cybersecurity Institute]] (INCIBE) |- | {{Flag|Sweden}} | [https://www.msb.se/ Swedish Civil Contingencies Agency] |} == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = <ref name=iate>{{lua idirlín | url = https://iate.europa.eu/entry/result/3574089/ga | teideal = Téarma: an Lárionad Eorpach Inniúlachta um Thionsclaíocht, Teicneolaíocht agus Taighde Cibearshlándála | foilsitheoir = [[IATE]] | dátarochtana = 26-07-2026}}</ref> <ref name=CELEX:32021R0887>{{lua idirlín | url = https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/GA/ALL/?uri=CELEX:32021R0887 | teideal = Rialachán (AE) 2021/887 ó Pharlaimint na hEorpa agus ón gComhairle an 20 Bealtaine 2021 lena mbunaítear an Lárionad Eorpach um Inniúlachtaí Tionsclaíochta Cibearshlándála, Teicneolaíochta Cibearshlándála agus Taighde Cibearshlándála agus Líonra na Lárionad Náisiúnta Comhordúcháin | foilsitheoir = [[EUR-Lex]] | dátarochtana = 26-07-2026}}</ref> <ref name=:0>{{lua idirlín | dáta = 2020-12-10 | teideal = Bucharest, Romania, will host European Cybersecurity Competence Center | url=https://emerging-europe.com/news/bucharest-to-host-eu-cybersecurity-centre/ | dátarochtana = 2021-08-20 | work = Emerging Europe | teanga = en-US | archive-date=2021-08-20 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210820145743/https://emerging-europe.com/news/bucharest-to-host-eu-cybersecurity-centre/ | url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name=euractiv2020>{{lua idirlín | sloinne = Lungu | ainm = Adrian | dáta = 2020-12-10 | teideal = Bucharest to host EU's new cybersecurity centre | url=https://www.euractiv.com/section/cybersecurity/news/bucharest-to-host-eus-new-cybersecurity-centre/ | dátarochtana = 2021-08-20 | work = [[Euractiv]] | teanga = en-GB | archive-date=2021-07-28 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210728194947/https://www.euractiv.com/section/cybersecurity/news/bucharest-to-host-eus-new-cybersecurity-centre/ | url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name=cscc2021>{{lua idirlín | teideal = Cybersecurity Competence Centre {{!}} Shaping Europe's digital future | url = https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/policies/cybersecurity-competence-centre | dátarochtana = 2021-08-20 | foilsitheoir = [[an Coimisiún Eorpach Commission]] | teanga = en | archive-date=2021-08-27 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210827231853/https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/policies/cybersecurity-competence-centre | url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name=csc>{{lua idirlín | teideal = European Cybersecurity Competence Centre and Network | url = https://cybersecurity-centre.europa.eu/index_en | foilsitheoir = European Commission, Directorate-General for Communications Networks, Content and Technology | dátarochtana = 2022-07-19 | archive-date=2022-07-19 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220719032122/https://cybersecurity-centre.europa.eu/index_en | url-status=live}}</ref> }} [[Catagóir:Gníomhaireachtaí an Aontais Eorpaigh]] {{Gníomhaireachtaí an Aontais Eorpaigh|state=collapsed}} == References == <references /> == External links == * [https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32021R0887 Regulation establishing the European Cybersecurity Industrial, Technology and Research Competence Centre and the Network of National Coordination Centres] {{Agencies, independent bodies and joint undertakings of the European Union and the Euratom}} [[Category:2021 establishments in the European Union]] [[Category:Politics of the European Union]] [[Category:Information technology organizations based in Europe]] [[Category:Executive agencies of the European Commission]] [[Category:Organizations based in Bucharest]] [[Category:Scientific organizations established in 2021]] {{EU-stub}} == Tíreolaíocht == [[Réigiún na Teorann]] === Geografaíocht fhisiceach [[Íomhá:Glencar waterfall01.jpg| thumb | 170px | [[Loch Ghleann an Chairthe|Eas Ghleann an Chairthe]], Liatroim]] '' The region encompasses the entire northwest coast of Ireland along the [[an tAigéan Atlantach]]. Two of Ireland's longest rivers, [[an tSionainn]] and the [[an Éirne]], agus an [[Uiscebhealach na Sionainne is na hÉirne]] eatarthu. Cavan and Monaghan in the east of the region are characterized by a drumlin landscape, with hundreds of loughs interspersed between. [[Loch Aillionn]] in Leitrim is the region's largest lake, at 35 km². '' The west of the region, from [[Teallach Eathach]], County Cavan, to the Atlantic coast is largely rocky and mountainous, with coastal cliffs but also beaches in counties Sligo, Donegal and Leitrim. Leitrim has the smallest coastline of any county, at just 5&nbsp;km in length, while Donegal has the longest, at 1,134&nbsp;km. === Foraoiseacht '' there is a total of 130,345 ha of forest and woodland cover in the Border Region, equating to 11.3% of the region's land area, the national average.<ref name=govagri2017 /> '' Traditionally, the region had a very low cover forest and planting schemes were undertaken by the Department of Agriculture or [[Comhlachtaí státurraithe na hÉireann|comhlachtaí státurraithe]] such as [[Coillte]]. County Leitrim is now Ireland's most forested county at 18.9% forest cover. However, over 50% of Leitrim's forests are in private ownership.<ref name=govagri2006 /> === Aeráid '' Under [[Aicmiú aeráide Köppen]], the region experiences a maritime [[aeráid mheasartha]] [[aeráid aigéanach]], meaning cool winters, mild humid summers, and a lack of temperature extremes. Summer daytime temperatures range between 15°C agus 22°C, rarely going beyond 25°C. While the region generally experiences mild winters, upland areas typically have snow. Humidity is high year round and rainfall ranges from ~1,250&nbsp;mm ([[Marcréidh]], Sligeach) to ~1,000&nbsp;mm ([[Béal Átha hÉis]], Cabhán), evenly distributed throughout the year. <ref name=metclimate /> === Geolaíocht [[Íomhá: Benbulben2.jpg | thumb | 200px | [[Binn Ghulbain]], Contae Shligigh]] '' There are many large mountain ranges and high sea cliffs in the region, such as the [[Sléibhte Dhoire Bheatha]], [[Sliabh Liag]], the [[Binn Chuilceach]] agus [[Binn Ghulbain]]. The region is generally underlain by [[an tOrdaivíseach]] and [[an Siolúrach]] sceallaí agus gréabhacaí, laid down 417-495 million years ago. These are found in eastern Cavan and Monaghan. The bedrock of western Cavan, Leitrim and Sligo is composed mostly of [[carbónmhar]] limestones that were laid roughly 355 million years ago. However, a 1.5 billion year old narrow strip of metamorphosed gneisses extend across Sligo near [[Sliabh Gamh]].<ref name=geocavan /><ref name=geosligo /> '' County Donegal has one of the most complex geologies in Ireland. Much of the county is underlain by [[Réamhchaimbriach]] gneiss, schist and quartzite, laid down during the Grenvillian Orogeny 700 million years ago. The Border Region's highest point, [[An Earagail]], at 751 m, is composed of Precambrian quartzite. '' Ireland's oldest rocks, laid down 1.78 billion years ago, are found on the island of [[Inis Trá Tholl]].<ref name=gsi /> Inis Trá Tholl is Ireland's most northerly island, located approximately 10&nbsp;km north of [[Cionn Mhálanna]], mainland Ireland's most northerly point. '' [[Loch Súilí]] in Donegal is one of Ireland's three fjords. == Buntásc == __NOINDEX__ __NOTOC__ 8vn9tz4h2wxd40tom0vh7ry72vowrli 1321740 1321739 2026-07-26T22:01:15Z Marcas.oduinn 33120 1321740 wikitext text/x-wiki == Ceanntásc == (an t)Údarás um..., (an) G(h)níomhaireacht um... (an) Comhbheartas Talmhaíochta. Cé acu sa teideal? Féach: * [http://www.gaois.ie gaois.ie]. * ''Wikidata list'' [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Wikidata list/Contaetha na hÉireann#Réigiún na hÉireann|Réigiúin na hÉireann]]. === Réigiún === {| class="wikitable" style="width:100%; vertical-align:top;" ! style="width:50%;" | Réigiúin ! style="width:50%;" | Réigiúin NUTS |- | style="text-align:center" | [[Íomhá:IrelandRegions.png | center]] | align=center | [[Íomhá:NUTS3 Boundaries Ireland.png | center]] |- | style="vertical-align:top;" | Réigiúin na hÉireann: * (A) Tuaisceart * (B) Iarthar * (C) Iardheisceart * (D) Oirdheisceart * (E) Oirthear [BÁC] * (F) [[Lár na Tíre (Éire)]] | style="vertical-align:top;" | '''Réigiúin''' NUTS 3 na hÉireann: * [[Réigiún na Teorann|Teorainn]] * [[Réigiún an Iarthair|Iarthar]] * [[Réigiún Lár na Tíre|Lár na Tíre]] * [[Réigiún an Lár-Oirthir|Lár-Oirthear]] * [[Réigiún Bhaile Átha Cliath|Baile Átha Cliath]] * [[Réigiún an Lár-Iarthair|Lár-Iarthar]] * [[Réigiún an Oirdheiscirt|Oirdheisceart]] * [[Réigiún an Iardheiscirt|Iardheisceart]] |} {| |- | [[Íomhá:Newborderregionboundary.png | 80px]]<!--[[Íomhá:Ireland location map Border region.svg | 40px]]--> | [[Íomhá:Ireland location map West region.svg | 80px]] | [[Íomhá:Ireland location map Midlands.svg | 80px]] | [[Íomhá:Mid East Ireland 2018.png | 80px]]<!--[[Íomhá:Ireland location map Mid-East.svg | 40px]]--> | [[Íomhá:Island_of_Ireland_location_map_Dublin.svg | 80px]] | [[Íomhá:Mid-West Region Map Ireland 2018.png | 80px]]<!--[[Íomhá:Mid-West Region Map Ireland 2018.png | 40px]]--> | [[Íomhá:SE Region Ireland 2018.png | 80px]]<!--[[Íomhá:Ireland location map South East.svg | 40px]]--> | [[Íomhá:Ireland location map South West.svg | 80px]] |} === Acrainm === * [[Aicmiú Comhchoiteann na nAonad Críche maidir le Staidreamh|NUTS]] - Acáise * [[Comhordú an Eolais ar an Timpeallacht|CORINE]] - Ceolta * [[CORDIS]] - SeoTaifeach * [[Inter-Active Terminology for Europe|IATE]] - Tighe == Eile == * {{tl|Gníomhaireachtaí an Aontais Eorpaigh|state=collapsed}} * [[Gníomhaireacht Sábháilteachta Eitlíochta an Aontais Eorpaigh]] (2002), [[Institiúid Eorpach um Nuálaíocht agus Teicneolaíocht]] (2008), [[Comhlacht na Rialálaithe Eorpacha um Chumarsáid Leictreonach]] (BEREC) (2009) &leftarrow; (BEREC Office) - [[Gníomhaireacht Tacaíochta BEREC]] (2018), [[an tÚdarás um Páirtithe Polaitiúla Eorpacha agus um Fhondúireachtaí Polaitiúla Eorpacha]] (2016), [[EU-CyCLONe]] (2020), [[Údarás Custaim an Aontais Eorpaigh]] (2026) # [[:en:Executive Agency for Competitiveness and Innovation|Competitiveness and Innovation]] - [[Gníomhaireacht Feidhmiúcháin um Iomaíochas agus Nuálaíocht]] # [[:en:European Cybersecurity Competence Centre|Cybersecurity Competence]] - an [[Lárionad Eorpach Inniúlachta um Thionsclaíocht, Teicneolaíocht agus Taighde Cibearshlándála]] # [[:en:Education, Audiovisual and Culture Executive Agency|Education, Audiovisual and Culture]] - [[Gníomhaireacht Feidhmiúcháin Oideachais, Closamhairc agus Cultúir]] # [[:en:European Climate, Infrastructure and Environment Executive Agency|Climate, Infrastructure and Environment]] - [[Gníomhaireacht Feidhmiúcháin Eorpach um an Aeráid, Bonneagar agus Comhshaol]] # [[:en:European Research Executive Agency|Research]] - [[Gníomhaireacht Feidhmiúcháin Eorpach um Thaighde]] # [[:en:European Research Council Executive Agency|Research Council]] - [[Gníomhaireacht Feidhmiúcháin na Comhairle Eorpaí um Thaighde]] == Lárionad Eorpach Inniúlachta um Thionsclaíocht, Teicneolaíocht agus Taighde Cibearshlándála == {{WD Bosca Sonraí Eagraíochta}} | formed = {{Start date|2021|05|20|df=yes}} | headquarters = [[Búcairist]], [[an Rómáin]] | chief1_name = Miguel González Sancho | chief1_position = Interim Executive Director Is [[gníomhaireachtaí an Aontais Eorpaigh|gníomhaireacht]] an [[Aontas Eorpach|Aontais Eorpaigh]] é an '''Lárionad Eorpach Inniúlachta um Chibearshlándála''' (Béarla: ''European Cybersecurity Competence Centre'' (ECCC)), go hoifigiúil '''an Lárionad Eorpach Inniúlachta um Thionsclaíocht, Teicneolaíocht agus Taighde Cibearshlándála''' (Béarla: ''European Cybersecurity Industrial, Technology and Research Competence Centre'').<ref name=iate /><ref name=CELEX:32021R0887 /> '' headquartered in [[Búcairist]], [[an Rómáin]], tasked with funding and coordinating cybersecurity research projects.<ref name=:0 /><ref name=euractiv2020 /> Plans for the introduction of the ECCC were first announced in 2018 by the European Commission and the regulation to establish the centre was published in 2021.<ref name=:0 /> The ECCC collaborates closely with the Network of National Coordination Centres (NCCs).<ref name=cscc2021 /> == Eagraíocht '' Although the organization of the ECCC is still being established, the planned administrative and governance structure includes: * ''a Governing Board which provides strategic orientation and oversees ECCC activities * ''an Executive Director who is the ECCC’s legal representative and is responsible for its day-to-day management * ''a Strategic Advisory Group that ensures a comprehensive, ongoing and permanent dialogue between the Community and the Competence Centre.<ref name=csc /> === Liosta de Lárionaid Náisiúnta Comhordúcháin === {| class="wikitable" ! Tír ! Lárionad Náisiúnta Comhordúcháin (LNC) |- | {{Flag|Austria}} an Ostair | [https://www.ncc.gv.at Federal Chancellery of Austria in cooperation with the Austrian Research Promotion Agency] |- | {{Flag|Belgium}} an Bheilg | [https://ccb.belgium.be/ncc Centre for Cybersecurity Belgium] (CCB) |- | {{Flag|Bulgaria}} | [https://egov.bg/wps/portal/egov/en/your%20europe/home Ministry of Electronic Governance] |- | {{Flag|Cyprus}} | [https://dsa.cy/en/ Digital Security Authority] (DSA) |- | {{Flag|Czech Republic}} | [https://nukib.gov.cz/en/ National Cyber and Information Security Agency] |- | {{Flag|Denmark}} | [https://danishbusinessauthority.dk/ The Danish Business Authority] |- | {{Flag|Estonia}} | [https://www.ria.ee/en Estonian Information System Authority] |- | {{Flag|Finland}} | [https://www.traficom.fi/en/national-cyber-security-centre Finnish Transport and Communications Agency Traficom's National Cyber Security Center] (NCSC-FI) |- | {{Flag|France}} | [https://cyber.gouv.fr/our-mission-home National Agency for Information Systems Security] (ANSSI) |- | {{Flag|Germany}} | [https://www.nkcs.bund.de/de National Coordination Center for Cybersecurity] ( NKCS ) – Federal Office for Information Security (BSI)] |- | {{Flag|Greece}} | [https://cyber.gov.gr/en/ National Cybersecurity Authority of Greece] |- | {{Flag|Iceland}} | [https://www.government.is/topics/telecommunications/ncc-is/ Eyvör] - National Coordination Centre of Iceland (NCC-IS) |- | {{Flag|Ireland}} | [https://www.ncsc.gov.ie/ National Cyber Security Centre] (NCSC) |- | {{Flag|Italy}} | [[Agenzia per la Cybersicurezza Nazionale|Agency for national cybersecurity]] (ACN) |- | {{Flag|Latvia}} | [https://www.mod.gov.lv/en Ministry of Defence] |- | {{Flag|Lithuania}} | [https://kam.lt/en/national-coordination-center/ National Coordination Center], Ministry of National Defense |- | {{Flag|Luxembourg}} | [https://www.securitymadein.lu/agency/ncc/Luxembourg Cybersecurity Coordination Centre] |- | {{Flag|Malta}} | [https://www.mita.gov.mt/ Malta Information Technology Agency] |- | {{Flag|Netherlands}} | [https://english.rvo.nl/ The Netherlands Enterprise Agency] (RVO) |- | {{Flag|Norway}} | [https://ncc-no.no/ Norwegian National Coordination Centre for Research and Innovation on Cybersecurity] (NCC-NO) |- | {{Flag|Poland}} | [https://cybersecurity-centre.europa.eu/nccs_en National Cybersecurity Coordination Center Unit in the Chancellery of the Prime Minister] |- | {{Flag|Romania}} | [https://ncc.gov.ro/1/centrul-national-de-coordonare/ Centrul Național de Coordonare] |- | {{Flag|Slovakia}} | [https://cybercompetence.sk/ Cyber Security Competence and Certification Center] (KCCKB) |- | {{Flag|Slovenia}} | [https://www.uiv.gov.si/ncc Office of the Government of the Republic of Slovenia for Information Security] |- | {{Flag|Spain}} | [[The National Cybersecurity Institute]] (INCIBE) |- | {{Flag|Sweden}} | [https://www.msb.se/ Swedish Civil Contingencies Agency] |} == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = <ref name=iate>{{lua idirlín | url = https://iate.europa.eu/entry/result/3574089/ga | teideal = Téarma: an Lárionad Eorpach Inniúlachta um Thionsclaíocht, Teicneolaíocht agus Taighde Cibearshlándála | foilsitheoir = [[IATE]] | dátarochtana = 26-07-2026}}</ref> <ref name=CELEX:32021R0887>{{lua idirlín | url = https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/GA/ALL/?uri=CELEX:32021R0887 | teideal = Rialachán (AE) 2021/887 ó Pharlaimint na hEorpa agus ón gComhairle an 20 Bealtaine 2021 lena mbunaítear an Lárionad Eorpach um Inniúlachtaí Tionsclaíochta Cibearshlándála, Teicneolaíochta Cibearshlándála agus Taighde Cibearshlándála agus Líonra na Lárionad Náisiúnta Comhordúcháin | foilsitheoir = [[EUR-Lex]] | dátarochtana = 26-07-2026}}</ref> <ref name=:0>{{lua idirlín | dáta = 2020-12-10 | teideal = Bucharest, Romania, will host European Cybersecurity Competence Center | url=https://emerging-europe.com/news/bucharest-to-host-eu-cybersecurity-centre/ | dátarochtana = 2021-08-20 | work = Emerging Europe | teanga = en-US | archive-date=2021-08-20 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210820145743/https://emerging-europe.com/news/bucharest-to-host-eu-cybersecurity-centre/ | url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name=euractiv2020>{{lua idirlín | sloinne = Lungu | ainm = Adrian | dáta = 2020-12-10 | teideal = Bucharest to host EU's new cybersecurity centre | url=https://www.euractiv.com/section/cybersecurity/news/bucharest-to-host-eus-new-cybersecurity-centre/ | dátarochtana = 2021-08-20 | work = [[Euractiv]] | teanga = en-GB | archive-date=2021-07-28 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210728194947/https://www.euractiv.com/section/cybersecurity/news/bucharest-to-host-eus-new-cybersecurity-centre/ | url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name=cscc2021>{{lua idirlín | teideal = Cybersecurity Competence Centre {{!}} Shaping Europe's digital future | url = https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/policies/cybersecurity-competence-centre | dátarochtana = 2021-08-20 | foilsitheoir = [[an Coimisiún Eorpach Commission]] | teanga = en | archive-date=2021-08-27 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210827231853/https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/policies/cybersecurity-competence-centre | url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name=csc>{{lua idirlín | teideal = European Cybersecurity Competence Centre and Network | url = https://cybersecurity-centre.europa.eu/index_en | foilsitheoir = European Commission, Directorate-General for Communications Networks, Content and Technology | dátarochtana = 2022-07-19 | archive-date=2022-07-19 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220719032122/https://cybersecurity-centre.europa.eu/index_en | url-status=live}}</ref> }} [[Catagóir:Gníomhaireachtaí an Aontais Eorpaigh]] {{Gníomhaireachtaí an Aontais Eorpaigh|state=collapsed}} == References == <references /> == External links == * [https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32021R0887 Regulation establishing the European Cybersecurity Industrial, Technology and Research Competence Centre and the Network of National Coordination Centres] {{Agencies, independent bodies and joint undertakings of the European Union and the Euratom}} [[Category:2021 establishments in the European Union]] [[Category:Politics of the European Union]] [[Category:Information technology organizations based in Europe]] [[Category:Executive agencies of the European Commission]] [[Category:Organizations based in Bucharest]] [[Category:Scientific organizations established in 2021]] {{EU-stub}} == Tíreolaíocht == [[Réigiún na Teorann]] === Geografaíocht fhisiceach [[Íomhá:Glencar waterfall01.jpg| thumb | 170px | [[Loch Ghleann an Chairthe|Eas Ghleann an Chairthe]], Liatroim]] '' The region encompasses the entire northwest coast of Ireland along the [[an tAigéan Atlantach]]. Two of Ireland's longest rivers, [[an tSionainn]] and the [[an Éirne]], agus an [[Uiscebhealach na Sionainne is na hÉirne]] eatarthu. Cavan and Monaghan in the east of the region are characterized by a drumlin landscape, with hundreds of loughs interspersed between. [[Loch Aillionn]] in Leitrim is the region's largest lake, at 35 km². '' The west of the region, from [[Teallach Eathach]], County Cavan, to the Atlantic coast is largely rocky and mountainous, with coastal cliffs but also beaches in counties Sligo, Donegal and Leitrim. Leitrim has the smallest coastline of any county, at just 5&nbsp;km in length, while Donegal has the longest, at 1,134&nbsp;km. === Foraoiseacht '' there is a total of 130,345 ha of forest and woodland cover in the Border Region, equating to 11.3% of the region's land area, the national average.<ref name=govagri2017 /> '' Traditionally, the region had a very low cover forest and planting schemes were undertaken by the Department of Agriculture or [[Comhlachtaí státurraithe na hÉireann|comhlachtaí státurraithe]] such as [[Coillte]]. County Leitrim is now Ireland's most forested county at 18.9% forest cover. However, over 50% of Leitrim's forests are in private ownership.<ref name=govagri2006 /> === Aeráid '' Under [[Aicmiú aeráide Köppen]], the region experiences a maritime [[aeráid mheasartha]] [[aeráid aigéanach]], meaning cool winters, mild humid summers, and a lack of temperature extremes. Summer daytime temperatures range between 15°C agus 22°C, rarely going beyond 25°C. While the region generally experiences mild winters, upland areas typically have snow. Humidity is high year round and rainfall ranges from ~1,250&nbsp;mm ([[Marcréidh]], Sligeach) to ~1,000&nbsp;mm ([[Béal Átha hÉis]], Cabhán), evenly distributed throughout the year. <ref name=metclimate /> === Geolaíocht [[Íomhá: Benbulben2.jpg | thumb | 200px | [[Binn Ghulbain]], Contae Shligigh]] '' There are many large mountain ranges and high sea cliffs in the region, such as the [[Sléibhte Dhoire Bheatha]], [[Sliabh Liag]], the [[Binn Chuilceach]] agus [[Binn Ghulbain]]. The region is generally underlain by [[an tOrdaivíseach]] and [[an Siolúrach]] sceallaí agus gréabhacaí, laid down 417-495 million years ago. These are found in eastern Cavan and Monaghan. The bedrock of western Cavan, Leitrim and Sligo is composed mostly of [[carbónmhar]] limestones that were laid roughly 355 million years ago. However, a 1.5 billion year old narrow strip of metamorphosed gneisses extend across Sligo near [[Sliabh Gamh]].<ref name=geocavan /><ref name=geosligo /> '' County Donegal has one of the most complex geologies in Ireland. Much of the county is underlain by [[Réamhchaimbriach]] gneiss, schist and quartzite, laid down during the Grenvillian Orogeny 700 million years ago. The Border Region's highest point, [[An Earagail]], at 751 m, is composed of Precambrian quartzite. '' Ireland's oldest rocks, laid down 1.78 billion years ago, are found on the island of [[Inis Trá Tholl]].<ref name=gsi /> Inis Trá Tholl is Ireland's most northerly island, located approximately 10&nbsp;km north of [[Cionn Mhálanna]], mainland Ireland's most northerly point. '' [[Loch Súilí]] in Donegal is one of Ireland's three fjords. == Buntásc == __NOINDEX__ __NOTOC__ mke195w71z8uc5zwezamgoihtj6k83n 1321741 1321740 2026-07-26T22:01:48Z Marcas.oduinn 33120 1321741 wikitext text/x-wiki == Ceanntásc == (an t)Údarás um..., (an) G(h)níomhaireacht um... (an) Comhbheartas Talmhaíochta. Cé acu sa teideal? Féach: * [http://www.gaois.ie gaois.ie]. * ''Wikidata list'' [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Wikidata list/Contaetha na hÉireann#Réigiún na hÉireann|Réigiúin na hÉireann]]. === Réigiún === {| class="wikitable" style="width:100%; vertical-align:top;" ! style="width:50%;" | Réigiúin ! style="width:50%;" | Réigiúin NUTS |- | style="text-align:center" | [[Íomhá:IrelandRegions.png | center]] | align=center | [[Íomhá:NUTS3 Boundaries Ireland.png | center]] |- | style="vertical-align:top;" | Réigiúin na hÉireann: * (A) Tuaisceart * (B) Iarthar * (C) Iardheisceart * (D) Oirdheisceart * (E) Oirthear [BÁC] * (F) [[Lár na Tíre (Éire)]] | style="vertical-align:top;" | '''Réigiúin''' NUTS 3 na hÉireann: * [[Réigiún na Teorann|Teorainn]] * [[Réigiún an Iarthair|Iarthar]] * [[Réigiún Lár na Tíre|Lár na Tíre]] * [[Réigiún an Lár-Oirthir|Lár-Oirthear]] * [[Réigiún Bhaile Átha Cliath|Baile Átha Cliath]] * [[Réigiún an Lár-Iarthair|Lár-Iarthar]] * [[Réigiún an Oirdheiscirt|Oirdheisceart]] * [[Réigiún an Iardheiscirt|Iardheisceart]] |} {| |- | [[Íomhá:Newborderregionboundary.png | 80px]]<!--[[Íomhá:Ireland location map Border region.svg | 40px]]--> | [[Íomhá:Ireland location map West region.svg | 80px]] | [[Íomhá:Ireland location map Midlands.svg | 80px]] | [[Íomhá:Mid East Ireland 2018.png | 80px]]<!--[[Íomhá:Ireland location map Mid-East.svg | 40px]]--> | [[Íomhá:Island_of_Ireland_location_map_Dublin.svg | 80px]] | [[Íomhá:Mid-West Region Map Ireland 2018.png | 80px]]<!--[[Íomhá:Mid-West Region Map Ireland 2018.png | 40px]]--> | [[Íomhá:SE Region Ireland 2018.png | 80px]]<!--[[Íomhá:Ireland location map South East.svg | 40px]]--> | [[Íomhá:Ireland location map South West.svg | 80px]] |} === Acrainm === * [[Aicmiú Comhchoiteann na nAonad Críche maidir le Staidreamh|NUTS]] - Acáise * [[Comhordú an Eolais ar an Timpeallacht|CORINE]] - Ceolta * [[CORDIS]] - SeoTaifeach * [[Inter-Active Terminology for Europe|IATE]] - Tighe == Eile == * {{tl|Gníomhaireachtaí an Aontais Eorpaigh|state=collapsed}} * [[Gníomhaireacht Sábháilteachta Eitlíochta an Aontais Eorpaigh]] (2002), [[Institiúid Eorpach um Nuálaíocht agus Teicneolaíocht]] (2008), [[Comhlacht na Rialálaithe Eorpacha um Chumarsáid Leictreonach]] (BEREC) (2009) &leftarrow; (BEREC Office) - [[Gníomhaireacht Tacaíochta BEREC]] (2018), [[an tÚdarás um Páirtithe Polaitiúla Eorpacha agus um Fhondúireachtaí Polaitiúla Eorpacha]] (2016), [[EU-CyCLONe]] (2020), [[Údarás Custaim an Aontais Eorpaigh]] (2026) # [[:en:Executive Agency for Competitiveness and Innovation|Competitiveness and Innovation]] - [[Gníomhaireacht Feidhmiúcháin um Iomaíochas agus Nuálaíocht]] # [[:en:European Cybersecurity Competence Centre|Cybersecurity Competence]] - an [[Lárionad Eorpach Inniúlachta um Thionsclaíocht, Teicneolaíocht agus Taighde Cibearshlándála]] # [[:en:Education, Audiovisual and Culture Executive Agency|Education, Audiovisual and Culture]] - [[Gníomhaireacht Feidhmiúcháin Oideachais, Closamhairc agus Cultúir]] # [[:en:European Climate, Infrastructure and Environment Executive Agency|Climate, Infrastructure and Environment]] - [[Gníomhaireacht Feidhmiúcháin Eorpach um an Aeráid, Bonneagar agus Comhshaol]] # [[:en:European Research Executive Agency|Research]] - [[Gníomhaireacht Feidhmiúcháin Eorpach um Thaighde]] # [[:en:European Research Council Executive Agency|Research Council]] - [[Gníomhaireacht Feidhmiúcháin na Comhairle Eorpaí um Thaighde]] == Lárionad Eorpach Inniúlachta um Thionsclaíocht, Teicneolaíocht agus Taighde Cibearshlándála == {{WD Bosca Sonraí Eagraíochta}} | chief1_name = Miguel González Sancho | chief1_position = Interim Executive Director Is [[gníomhaireachtaí an Aontais Eorpaigh|gníomhaireacht]] an [[Aontas Eorpach|Aontais Eorpaigh]] é an '''Lárionad Eorpach Inniúlachta um Chibearshlándála''' (Béarla: ''European Cybersecurity Competence Centre'' (ECCC)), go hoifigiúil '''an Lárionad Eorpach Inniúlachta um Thionsclaíocht, Teicneolaíocht agus Taighde Cibearshlándála''' (Béarla: ''European Cybersecurity Industrial, Technology and Research Competence Centre'').<ref name=iate /><ref name=CELEX:32021R0887 /> '' headquartered in [[Búcairist]], [[an Rómáin]], tasked with funding and coordinating cybersecurity research projects.<ref name=:0 /><ref name=euractiv2020 /> Plans for the introduction of the ECCC were first announced in 2018 by the European Commission and the regulation to establish the centre was published in 2021.<ref name=:0 /> The ECCC collaborates closely with the Network of National Coordination Centres (NCCs).<ref name=cscc2021 /> == Eagraíocht '' Although the organization of the ECCC is still being established, the planned administrative and governance structure includes: * ''a Governing Board which provides strategic orientation and oversees ECCC activities * ''an Executive Director who is the ECCC’s legal representative and is responsible for its day-to-day management * ''a Strategic Advisory Group that ensures a comprehensive, ongoing and permanent dialogue between the Community and the Competence Centre.<ref name=csc /> === Liosta de Lárionaid Náisiúnta Comhordúcháin === {| class="wikitable" ! Tír ! Lárionad Náisiúnta Comhordúcháin (LNC) |- | {{Flag|Austria}} an Ostair | [https://www.ncc.gv.at Federal Chancellery of Austria in cooperation with the Austrian Research Promotion Agency] |- | {{Flag|Belgium}} an Bheilg | [https://ccb.belgium.be/ncc Centre for Cybersecurity Belgium] (CCB) |- | {{Flag|Bulgaria}} | [https://egov.bg/wps/portal/egov/en/your%20europe/home Ministry of Electronic Governance] |- | {{Flag|Cyprus}} | [https://dsa.cy/en/ Digital Security Authority] (DSA) |- | {{Flag|Czech Republic}} | [https://nukib.gov.cz/en/ National Cyber and Information Security Agency] |- | {{Flag|Denmark}} | [https://danishbusinessauthority.dk/ The Danish Business Authority] |- | {{Flag|Estonia}} | [https://www.ria.ee/en Estonian Information System Authority] |- | {{Flag|Finland}} | [https://www.traficom.fi/en/national-cyber-security-centre Finnish Transport and Communications Agency Traficom's National Cyber Security Center] (NCSC-FI) |- | {{Flag|France}} | [https://cyber.gouv.fr/our-mission-home National Agency for Information Systems Security] (ANSSI) |- | {{Flag|Germany}} | [https://www.nkcs.bund.de/de National Coordination Center for Cybersecurity] ( NKCS ) – Federal Office for Information Security (BSI)] |- | {{Flag|Greece}} | [https://cyber.gov.gr/en/ National Cybersecurity Authority of Greece] |- | {{Flag|Iceland}} | [https://www.government.is/topics/telecommunications/ncc-is/ Eyvör] - National Coordination Centre of Iceland (NCC-IS) |- | {{Flag|Ireland}} | [https://www.ncsc.gov.ie/ National Cyber Security Centre] (NCSC) |- | {{Flag|Italy}} | [[Agenzia per la Cybersicurezza Nazionale|Agency for national cybersecurity]] (ACN) |- | {{Flag|Latvia}} | [https://www.mod.gov.lv/en Ministry of Defence] |- | {{Flag|Lithuania}} | [https://kam.lt/en/national-coordination-center/ National Coordination Center], Ministry of National Defense |- | {{Flag|Luxembourg}} | [https://www.securitymadein.lu/agency/ncc/Luxembourg Cybersecurity Coordination Centre] |- | {{Flag|Malta}} | [https://www.mita.gov.mt/ Malta Information Technology Agency] |- | {{Flag|Netherlands}} | [https://english.rvo.nl/ The Netherlands Enterprise Agency] (RVO) |- | {{Flag|Norway}} | [https://ncc-no.no/ Norwegian National Coordination Centre for Research and Innovation on Cybersecurity] (NCC-NO) |- | {{Flag|Poland}} | [https://cybersecurity-centre.europa.eu/nccs_en National Cybersecurity Coordination Center Unit in the Chancellery of the Prime Minister] |- | {{Flag|Romania}} | [https://ncc.gov.ro/1/centrul-national-de-coordonare/ Centrul Național de Coordonare] |- | {{Flag|Slovakia}} | [https://cybercompetence.sk/ Cyber Security Competence and Certification Center] (KCCKB) |- | {{Flag|Slovenia}} | [https://www.uiv.gov.si/ncc Office of the Government of the Republic of Slovenia for Information Security] |- | {{Flag|Spain}} | [[The National Cybersecurity Institute]] (INCIBE) |- | {{Flag|Sweden}} | [https://www.msb.se/ Swedish Civil Contingencies Agency] |} == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = <ref name=iate>{{lua idirlín | url = https://iate.europa.eu/entry/result/3574089/ga | teideal = Téarma: an Lárionad Eorpach Inniúlachta um Thionsclaíocht, Teicneolaíocht agus Taighde Cibearshlándála | foilsitheoir = [[IATE]] | dátarochtana = 26-07-2026}}</ref> <ref name=CELEX:32021R0887>{{lua idirlín | url = https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/GA/ALL/?uri=CELEX:32021R0887 | teideal = Rialachán (AE) 2021/887 ó Pharlaimint na hEorpa agus ón gComhairle an 20 Bealtaine 2021 lena mbunaítear an Lárionad Eorpach um Inniúlachtaí Tionsclaíochta Cibearshlándála, Teicneolaíochta Cibearshlándála agus Taighde Cibearshlándála agus Líonra na Lárionad Náisiúnta Comhordúcháin | foilsitheoir = [[EUR-Lex]] | dátarochtana = 26-07-2026}}</ref> <ref name=:0>{{lua idirlín | dáta = 2020-12-10 | teideal = Bucharest, Romania, will host European Cybersecurity Competence Center | url=https://emerging-europe.com/news/bucharest-to-host-eu-cybersecurity-centre/ | dátarochtana = 2021-08-20 | work = Emerging Europe | teanga = en-US | archive-date=2021-08-20 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210820145743/https://emerging-europe.com/news/bucharest-to-host-eu-cybersecurity-centre/ | url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name=euractiv2020>{{lua idirlín | sloinne = Lungu | ainm = Adrian | dáta = 2020-12-10 | teideal = Bucharest to host EU's new cybersecurity centre | url=https://www.euractiv.com/section/cybersecurity/news/bucharest-to-host-eus-new-cybersecurity-centre/ | dátarochtana = 2021-08-20 | work = [[Euractiv]] | teanga = en-GB | archive-date=2021-07-28 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210728194947/https://www.euractiv.com/section/cybersecurity/news/bucharest-to-host-eus-new-cybersecurity-centre/ | url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name=cscc2021>{{lua idirlín | teideal = Cybersecurity Competence Centre {{!}} Shaping Europe's digital future | url = https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/policies/cybersecurity-competence-centre | dátarochtana = 2021-08-20 | foilsitheoir = [[an Coimisiún Eorpach Commission]] | teanga = en | archive-date=2021-08-27 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210827231853/https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/policies/cybersecurity-competence-centre | url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name=csc>{{lua idirlín | teideal = European Cybersecurity Competence Centre and Network | url = https://cybersecurity-centre.europa.eu/index_en | foilsitheoir = European Commission, Directorate-General for Communications Networks, Content and Technology | dátarochtana = 2022-07-19 | archive-date=2022-07-19 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220719032122/https://cybersecurity-centre.europa.eu/index_en | url-status=live}}</ref> }} [[Catagóir:Gníomhaireachtaí an Aontais Eorpaigh]] {{Gníomhaireachtaí an Aontais Eorpaigh|state=collapsed}} == References == <references /> == External links == * [https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32021R0887 Regulation establishing the European Cybersecurity Industrial, Technology and Research Competence Centre and the Network of National Coordination Centres] {{Agencies, independent bodies and joint undertakings of the European Union and the Euratom}} [[Category:2021 establishments in the European Union]] [[Category:Politics of the European Union]] [[Category:Information technology organizations based in Europe]] [[Category:Executive agencies of the European Commission]] [[Category:Organizations based in Bucharest]] [[Category:Scientific organizations established in 2021]] {{EU-stub}} == Tíreolaíocht == [[Réigiún na Teorann]] === Geografaíocht fhisiceach [[Íomhá:Glencar waterfall01.jpg| thumb | 170px | [[Loch Ghleann an Chairthe|Eas Ghleann an Chairthe]], Liatroim]] '' The region encompasses the entire northwest coast of Ireland along the [[an tAigéan Atlantach]]. Two of Ireland's longest rivers, [[an tSionainn]] and the [[an Éirne]], agus an [[Uiscebhealach na Sionainne is na hÉirne]] eatarthu. Cavan and Monaghan in the east of the region are characterized by a drumlin landscape, with hundreds of loughs interspersed between. [[Loch Aillionn]] in Leitrim is the region's largest lake, at 35 km². '' The west of the region, from [[Teallach Eathach]], County Cavan, to the Atlantic coast is largely rocky and mountainous, with coastal cliffs but also beaches in counties Sligo, Donegal and Leitrim. Leitrim has the smallest coastline of any county, at just 5&nbsp;km in length, while Donegal has the longest, at 1,134&nbsp;km. === Foraoiseacht '' there is a total of 130,345 ha of forest and woodland cover in the Border Region, equating to 11.3% of the region's land area, the national average.<ref name=govagri2017 /> '' Traditionally, the region had a very low cover forest and planting schemes were undertaken by the Department of Agriculture or [[Comhlachtaí státurraithe na hÉireann|comhlachtaí státurraithe]] such as [[Coillte]]. County Leitrim is now Ireland's most forested county at 18.9% forest cover. However, over 50% of Leitrim's forests are in private ownership.<ref name=govagri2006 /> === Aeráid '' Under [[Aicmiú aeráide Köppen]], the region experiences a maritime [[aeráid mheasartha]] [[aeráid aigéanach]], meaning cool winters, mild humid summers, and a lack of temperature extremes. Summer daytime temperatures range between 15°C agus 22°C, rarely going beyond 25°C. While the region generally experiences mild winters, upland areas typically have snow. Humidity is high year round and rainfall ranges from ~1,250&nbsp;mm ([[Marcréidh]], Sligeach) to ~1,000&nbsp;mm ([[Béal Átha hÉis]], Cabhán), evenly distributed throughout the year. <ref name=metclimate /> === Geolaíocht [[Íomhá: Benbulben2.jpg | thumb | 200px | [[Binn Ghulbain]], Contae Shligigh]] '' There are many large mountain ranges and high sea cliffs in the region, such as the [[Sléibhte Dhoire Bheatha]], [[Sliabh Liag]], the [[Binn Chuilceach]] agus [[Binn Ghulbain]]. The region is generally underlain by [[an tOrdaivíseach]] and [[an Siolúrach]] sceallaí agus gréabhacaí, laid down 417-495 million years ago. These are found in eastern Cavan and Monaghan. The bedrock of western Cavan, Leitrim and Sligo is composed mostly of [[carbónmhar]] limestones that were laid roughly 355 million years ago. However, a 1.5 billion year old narrow strip of metamorphosed gneisses extend across Sligo near [[Sliabh Gamh]].<ref name=geocavan /><ref name=geosligo /> '' County Donegal has one of the most complex geologies in Ireland. Much of the county is underlain by [[Réamhchaimbriach]] gneiss, schist and quartzite, laid down during the Grenvillian Orogeny 700 million years ago. The Border Region's highest point, [[An Earagail]], at 751 m, is composed of Precambrian quartzite. '' Ireland's oldest rocks, laid down 1.78 billion years ago, are found on the island of [[Inis Trá Tholl]].<ref name=gsi /> Inis Trá Tholl is Ireland's most northerly island, located approximately 10&nbsp;km north of [[Cionn Mhálanna]], mainland Ireland's most northerly point. '' [[Loch Súilí]] in Donegal is one of Ireland's three fjords. == Buntásc == __NOINDEX__ __NOTOC__ n5cb1mc1bdo1eanv10g3jlvc6kan119 1321744 1321741 2026-07-26T22:15:12Z Marcas.oduinn 33120 /* Liosta de Lárionaid Náisiúnta Comhordúcháin */ 1321744 wikitext text/x-wiki == Ceanntásc == (an t)Údarás um..., (an) G(h)níomhaireacht um... (an) Comhbheartas Talmhaíochta. Cé acu sa teideal? Féach: * [http://www.gaois.ie gaois.ie]. * ''Wikidata list'' [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Wikidata list/Contaetha na hÉireann#Réigiún na hÉireann|Réigiúin na hÉireann]]. === Réigiún === {| class="wikitable" style="width:100%; vertical-align:top;" ! style="width:50%;" | Réigiúin ! style="width:50%;" | Réigiúin NUTS |- | style="text-align:center" | [[Íomhá:IrelandRegions.png | center]] | align=center | [[Íomhá:NUTS3 Boundaries Ireland.png | center]] |- | style="vertical-align:top;" | Réigiúin na hÉireann: * (A) Tuaisceart * (B) Iarthar * (C) Iardheisceart * (D) Oirdheisceart * (E) Oirthear [BÁC] * (F) [[Lár na Tíre (Éire)]] | style="vertical-align:top;" | '''Réigiúin''' NUTS 3 na hÉireann: * [[Réigiún na Teorann|Teorainn]] * [[Réigiún an Iarthair|Iarthar]] * [[Réigiún Lár na Tíre|Lár na Tíre]] * [[Réigiún an Lár-Oirthir|Lár-Oirthear]] * [[Réigiún Bhaile Átha Cliath|Baile Átha Cliath]] * [[Réigiún an Lár-Iarthair|Lár-Iarthar]] * [[Réigiún an Oirdheiscirt|Oirdheisceart]] * [[Réigiún an Iardheiscirt|Iardheisceart]] |} {| |- | [[Íomhá:Newborderregionboundary.png | 80px]]<!--[[Íomhá:Ireland location map Border region.svg | 40px]]--> | [[Íomhá:Ireland location map West region.svg | 80px]] | [[Íomhá:Ireland location map Midlands.svg | 80px]] | [[Íomhá:Mid East Ireland 2018.png | 80px]]<!--[[Íomhá:Ireland location map Mid-East.svg | 40px]]--> | [[Íomhá:Island_of_Ireland_location_map_Dublin.svg | 80px]] | [[Íomhá:Mid-West Region Map Ireland 2018.png | 80px]]<!--[[Íomhá:Mid-West Region Map Ireland 2018.png | 40px]]--> | [[Íomhá:SE Region Ireland 2018.png | 80px]]<!--[[Íomhá:Ireland location map South East.svg | 40px]]--> | [[Íomhá:Ireland location map South West.svg | 80px]] |} === Acrainm === * [[Aicmiú Comhchoiteann na nAonad Críche maidir le Staidreamh|NUTS]] - Acáise * [[Comhordú an Eolais ar an Timpeallacht|CORINE]] - Ceolta * [[CORDIS]] - SeoTaifeach * [[Inter-Active Terminology for Europe|IATE]] - Tighe == Eile == * {{tl|Gníomhaireachtaí an Aontais Eorpaigh|state=collapsed}} * [[Gníomhaireacht Sábháilteachta Eitlíochta an Aontais Eorpaigh]] (2002), [[Institiúid Eorpach um Nuálaíocht agus Teicneolaíocht]] (2008), [[Comhlacht na Rialálaithe Eorpacha um Chumarsáid Leictreonach]] (BEREC) (2009) &leftarrow; (BEREC Office) - [[Gníomhaireacht Tacaíochta BEREC]] (2018), [[an tÚdarás um Páirtithe Polaitiúla Eorpacha agus um Fhondúireachtaí Polaitiúla Eorpacha]] (2016), [[EU-CyCLONe]] (2020), [[Údarás Custaim an Aontais Eorpaigh]] (2026) # [[:en:Executive Agency for Competitiveness and Innovation|Competitiveness and Innovation]] - [[Gníomhaireacht Feidhmiúcháin um Iomaíochas agus Nuálaíocht]] # [[:en:European Cybersecurity Competence Centre|Cybersecurity Competence]] - an [[Lárionad Eorpach Inniúlachta um Thionsclaíocht, Teicneolaíocht agus Taighde Cibearshlándála]] # [[:en:Education, Audiovisual and Culture Executive Agency|Education, Audiovisual and Culture]] - [[Gníomhaireacht Feidhmiúcháin Oideachais, Closamhairc agus Cultúir]] # [[:en:European Climate, Infrastructure and Environment Executive Agency|Climate, Infrastructure and Environment]] - [[Gníomhaireacht Feidhmiúcháin Eorpach um an Aeráid, Bonneagar agus Comhshaol]] # [[:en:European Research Executive Agency|Research]] - [[Gníomhaireacht Feidhmiúcháin Eorpach um Thaighde]] # [[:en:European Research Council Executive Agency|Research Council]] - [[Gníomhaireacht Feidhmiúcháin na Comhairle Eorpaí um Thaighde]] == Lárionad Eorpach Inniúlachta um Thionsclaíocht, Teicneolaíocht agus Taighde Cibearshlándála == {{WD Bosca Sonraí Eagraíochta}} | chief1_name = Miguel González Sancho | chief1_position = Interim Executive Director Is [[gníomhaireachtaí an Aontais Eorpaigh|gníomhaireacht]] an [[Aontas Eorpach|Aontais Eorpaigh]] é an '''Lárionad Eorpach Inniúlachta um Chibearshlándála''' (Béarla: ''European Cybersecurity Competence Centre'' (ECCC)), go hoifigiúil '''an Lárionad Eorpach Inniúlachta um Thionsclaíocht, Teicneolaíocht agus Taighde Cibearshlándála''' (Béarla: ''European Cybersecurity Industrial, Technology and Research Competence Centre'').<ref name=iate /><ref name=CELEX:32021R0887 /> '' headquartered in [[Búcairist]], [[an Rómáin]], tasked with funding and coordinating cybersecurity research projects.<ref name=:0 /><ref name=euractiv2020 /> Plans for the introduction of the ECCC were first announced in 2018 by the European Commission and the regulation to establish the centre was published in 2021.<ref name=:0 /> The ECCC collaborates closely with the Network of National Coordination Centres (NCCs).<ref name=cscc2021 /> == Eagraíocht '' Although the organization of the ECCC is still being established, the planned administrative and governance structure includes: * ''a Governing Board which provides strategic orientation and oversees ECCC activities * ''an Executive Director who is the ECCC’s legal representative and is responsible for its day-to-day management * ''a Strategic Advisory Group that ensures a comprehensive, ongoing and permanent dialogue between the Community and the Competence Centre.<ref name=csc /> === Liosta de Lárionaid Náisiúnta Comhordúcháin === {| class="wikitable" ! Tír ! Lárionad Náisiúnta Comhordúcháin (LNC) |- | {{Flag|Austria}} [[an Ostair]] | [https://www.ncc.gv.at Federal Chancellery of Austria in cooperation with the Austrian Research Promotion Agency] |- | {{Flag|Belgium}} [[an Bheilg]] | [https://ccb.belgium.be/ncc Centre for Cybersecurity Belgium] (CCB) |- | {{Flag|Bulgaria}} [[an Bhulgáir]] | [https://egov.bg/wps/portal/egov/en/your%20europe/home Ministry of Electronic Governance] |- | {{Flag|Cyprus}} [[an Chipir]] | [https://dsa.cy/en/ Digital Security Authority] (DSA) |- | {{Flag|Czech Republic}} [[an tSeicia]] | [https://nukib.gov.cz/en/ National Cyber and Information Security Agency] |- | {{Flag|Denmark}} [[an Danmhairg]] | [https://danishbusinessauthority.dk/ The Danish Business Authority] |- | {{Flag|Estonia}} [[an Eastóin]] | [https://www.ria.ee/en Estonian Information System Authority] |- | {{Flag|Finland}} [[an Fhionlainn]] | [https://www.traficom.fi/en/national-cyber-security-centre Finnish Transport and Communications Agency Traficom's National Cyber Security Center] (NCSC-FI) |- | {{Flag|France}} [[an Fhrainc]] | [https://cyber.gouv.fr/our-mission-home National Agency for Information Systems Security] (ANSSI) |- | {{Flag|Germany}} [[an Ghearmáin]] | [https://www.nkcs.bund.de/de National Coordination Center for Cybersecurity] ( NKCS ) – Federal Office for Information Security (BSI)] |- | {{Flag|Greece}} [[an Ghréig]] | [https://cyber.gov.gr/en/ National Cybersecurity Authority of Greece] |- | {{Flag|Iceland}} [[an Íoslainn]] | [https://www.government.is/topics/telecommunications/ncc-is/ Eyvör] - National Coordination Centre of Iceland (NCC-IS) |- | {{Flag|Ireland}} [[Éire]] | [https://www.ncsc.gov.ie/ National Cyber Security Centre] (NCSC) |- | {{Flag|Italy}} [[an Iodáil]] | [[Agenzia per la Cybersicurezza Nazionale|Agency for national cybersecurity]] (ACN) |- | {{Flag|Latvia}} [[an Laitvia]] | [https://www.mod.gov.lv/en Ministry of Defence] |- | {{Flag|Lithuania}} [[an Liotuáin]] | [https://kam.lt/en/national-coordination-center/ National Coordination Center], Ministry of National Defense |- | {{Flag|Luxembourg}} [[Lucsamburg]] | [https://www.securitymadein.lu/agency/ncc/Luxembourg Cybersecurity Coordination Centre] |- | {{Flag|Malta}} [[Málta]] | [https://www.mita.gov.mt/ Malta Information Technology Agency] |- | {{Flag|Netherlands}} [[an Ísiltír]] | [https://english.rvo.nl/ The Netherlands Enterprise Agency] (RVO) |- | {{Flag|Norway}} [[an Iorua]] | [https://ncc-no.no/ Norwegian National Coordination Centre for Research and Innovation on Cybersecurity] (NCC-NO) |- | {{Flag|Poland}} [[an Pholainn]] | [https://cybersecurity-centre.europa.eu/nccs_en National Cybersecurity Coordination Center Unit in the Chancellery of the Prime Minister] |- | {{Flag|Romania}} [[an Rómáin]] | [https://ncc.gov.ro/1/centrul-national-de-coordonare/ Centrul Național de Coordonare] |- | {{Flag|Slovakia}} [[an tSlóvaic]] | [https://cybercompetence.sk/ Cyber Security Competence and Certification Center] (KCCKB) |- | {{Flag|Slovenia}} [[an tSlóivéin]] | [https://www.uiv.gov.si/ncc Office of the Government of the Republic of Slovenia for Information Security] |- | {{Flag|Spain}} [[an Spáinn]] | [[The National Cybersecurity Institute]] (INCIBE) |- | {{Flag|Sweden}} [[an tSualainn]] | [https://www.msb.se/ Swedish Civil Contingencies Agency] |} == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = <ref name=iate>{{lua idirlín | url = https://iate.europa.eu/entry/result/3574089/ga | teideal = Téarma: an Lárionad Eorpach Inniúlachta um Thionsclaíocht, Teicneolaíocht agus Taighde Cibearshlándála | foilsitheoir = [[IATE]] | dátarochtana = 26-07-2026}}</ref> <ref name=CELEX:32021R0887>{{lua idirlín | url = https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/GA/ALL/?uri=CELEX:32021R0887 | teideal = Rialachán (AE) 2021/887 ó Pharlaimint na hEorpa agus ón gComhairle an 20 Bealtaine 2021 lena mbunaítear an Lárionad Eorpach um Inniúlachtaí Tionsclaíochta Cibearshlándála, Teicneolaíochta Cibearshlándála agus Taighde Cibearshlándála agus Líonra na Lárionad Náisiúnta Comhordúcháin | foilsitheoir = [[EUR-Lex]] | dátarochtana = 26-07-2026}}</ref> <ref name=:0>{{lua idirlín | dáta = 2020-12-10 | teideal = Bucharest, Romania, will host European Cybersecurity Competence Center | url=https://emerging-europe.com/news/bucharest-to-host-eu-cybersecurity-centre/ | dátarochtana = 2021-08-20 | work = Emerging Europe | teanga = en-US | archive-date=2021-08-20 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210820145743/https://emerging-europe.com/news/bucharest-to-host-eu-cybersecurity-centre/ | url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name=euractiv2020>{{lua idirlín | sloinne = Lungu | ainm = Adrian | dáta = 2020-12-10 | teideal = Bucharest to host EU's new cybersecurity centre | url=https://www.euractiv.com/section/cybersecurity/news/bucharest-to-host-eus-new-cybersecurity-centre/ | dátarochtana = 2021-08-20 | work = [[Euractiv]] | teanga = en-GB | archive-date=2021-07-28 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210728194947/https://www.euractiv.com/section/cybersecurity/news/bucharest-to-host-eus-new-cybersecurity-centre/ | url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name=cscc2021>{{lua idirlín | teideal = Cybersecurity Competence Centre {{!}} Shaping Europe's digital future | url = https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/policies/cybersecurity-competence-centre | dátarochtana = 2021-08-20 | foilsitheoir = [[an Coimisiún Eorpach Commission]] | teanga = en | archive-date=2021-08-27 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210827231853/https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/policies/cybersecurity-competence-centre | url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name=csc>{{lua idirlín | teideal = European Cybersecurity Competence Centre and Network | url = https://cybersecurity-centre.europa.eu/index_en | foilsitheoir = European Commission, Directorate-General for Communications Networks, Content and Technology | dátarochtana = 2022-07-19 | archive-date=2022-07-19 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220719032122/https://cybersecurity-centre.europa.eu/index_en | url-status=live}}</ref> }} [[Catagóir:Gníomhaireachtaí an Aontais Eorpaigh]] {{Gníomhaireachtaí an Aontais Eorpaigh|state=collapsed}} == References == <references /> == External links == * [https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32021R0887 Regulation establishing the European Cybersecurity Industrial, Technology and Research Competence Centre and the Network of National Coordination Centres] {{Agencies, independent bodies and joint undertakings of the European Union and the Euratom}} [[Category:2021 establishments in the European Union]] [[Category:Politics of the European Union]] [[Category:Information technology organizations based in Europe]] [[Category:Executive agencies of the European Commission]] [[Category:Organizations based in Bucharest]] [[Category:Scientific organizations established in 2021]] {{EU-stub}} == Tíreolaíocht == [[Réigiún na Teorann]] === Geografaíocht fhisiceach [[Íomhá:Glencar waterfall01.jpg| thumb | 170px | [[Loch Ghleann an Chairthe|Eas Ghleann an Chairthe]], Liatroim]] '' The region encompasses the entire northwest coast of Ireland along the [[an tAigéan Atlantach]]. Two of Ireland's longest rivers, [[an tSionainn]] and the [[an Éirne]], agus an [[Uiscebhealach na Sionainne is na hÉirne]] eatarthu. Cavan and Monaghan in the east of the region are characterized by a drumlin landscape, with hundreds of loughs interspersed between. [[Loch Aillionn]] in Leitrim is the region's largest lake, at 35 km². '' The west of the region, from [[Teallach Eathach]], County Cavan, to the Atlantic coast is largely rocky and mountainous, with coastal cliffs but also beaches in counties Sligo, Donegal and Leitrim. Leitrim has the smallest coastline of any county, at just 5&nbsp;km in length, while Donegal has the longest, at 1,134&nbsp;km. === Foraoiseacht '' there is a total of 130,345 ha of forest and woodland cover in the Border Region, equating to 11.3% of the region's land area, the national average.<ref name=govagri2017 /> '' Traditionally, the region had a very low cover forest and planting schemes were undertaken by the Department of Agriculture or [[Comhlachtaí státurraithe na hÉireann|comhlachtaí státurraithe]] such as [[Coillte]]. County Leitrim is now Ireland's most forested county at 18.9% forest cover. However, over 50% of Leitrim's forests are in private ownership.<ref name=govagri2006 /> === Aeráid '' Under [[Aicmiú aeráide Köppen]], the region experiences a maritime [[aeráid mheasartha]] [[aeráid aigéanach]], meaning cool winters, mild humid summers, and a lack of temperature extremes. Summer daytime temperatures range between 15°C agus 22°C, rarely going beyond 25°C. While the region generally experiences mild winters, upland areas typically have snow. Humidity is high year round and rainfall ranges from ~1,250&nbsp;mm ([[Marcréidh]], Sligeach) to ~1,000&nbsp;mm ([[Béal Átha hÉis]], Cabhán), evenly distributed throughout the year. <ref name=metclimate /> === Geolaíocht [[Íomhá: Benbulben2.jpg | thumb | 200px | [[Binn Ghulbain]], Contae Shligigh]] '' There are many large mountain ranges and high sea cliffs in the region, such as the [[Sléibhte Dhoire Bheatha]], [[Sliabh Liag]], the [[Binn Chuilceach]] agus [[Binn Ghulbain]]. The region is generally underlain by [[an tOrdaivíseach]] and [[an Siolúrach]] sceallaí agus gréabhacaí, laid down 417-495 million years ago. These are found in eastern Cavan and Monaghan. The bedrock of western Cavan, Leitrim and Sligo is composed mostly of [[carbónmhar]] limestones that were laid roughly 355 million years ago. However, a 1.5 billion year old narrow strip of metamorphosed gneisses extend across Sligo near [[Sliabh Gamh]].<ref name=geocavan /><ref name=geosligo /> '' County Donegal has one of the most complex geologies in Ireland. Much of the county is underlain by [[Réamhchaimbriach]] gneiss, schist and quartzite, laid down during the Grenvillian Orogeny 700 million years ago. The Border Region's highest point, [[An Earagail]], at 751 m, is composed of Precambrian quartzite. '' Ireland's oldest rocks, laid down 1.78 billion years ago, are found on the island of [[Inis Trá Tholl]].<ref name=gsi /> Inis Trá Tholl is Ireland's most northerly island, located approximately 10&nbsp;km north of [[Cionn Mhálanna]], mainland Ireland's most northerly point. '' [[Loch Súilí]] in Donegal is one of Ireland's three fjords. == Buntásc == __NOINDEX__ __NOTOC__ fkx8evycew24p2vgn84iu6y42w1uq5h 1321789 1321744 2026-07-27T07:17:59Z Marcas.oduinn 33120 /* Liosta de Lárionaid Náisiúnta Comhordúcháin */ 1321789 wikitext text/x-wiki == Ceanntásc == (an t)Údarás um..., (an) G(h)níomhaireacht um... (an) Comhbheartas Talmhaíochta. Cé acu sa teideal? Féach: * [http://www.gaois.ie gaois.ie]. * ''Wikidata list'' [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Wikidata list/Contaetha na hÉireann#Réigiún na hÉireann|Réigiúin na hÉireann]]. === Réigiún === {| class="wikitable" style="width:100%; vertical-align:top;" ! style="width:50%;" | Réigiúin ! style="width:50%;" | Réigiúin NUTS |- | style="text-align:center" | [[Íomhá:IrelandRegions.png | center]] | align=center | [[Íomhá:NUTS3 Boundaries Ireland.png | center]] |- | style="vertical-align:top;" | Réigiúin na hÉireann: * (A) Tuaisceart * (B) Iarthar * (C) Iardheisceart * (D) Oirdheisceart * (E) Oirthear [BÁC] * (F) [[Lár na Tíre (Éire)]] | style="vertical-align:top;" | '''Réigiúin''' NUTS 3 na hÉireann: * [[Réigiún na Teorann|Teorainn]] * [[Réigiún an Iarthair|Iarthar]] * [[Réigiún Lár na Tíre|Lár na Tíre]] * [[Réigiún an Lár-Oirthir|Lár-Oirthear]] * [[Réigiún Bhaile Átha Cliath|Baile Átha Cliath]] * [[Réigiún an Lár-Iarthair|Lár-Iarthar]] * [[Réigiún an Oirdheiscirt|Oirdheisceart]] * [[Réigiún an Iardheiscirt|Iardheisceart]] |} {| |- | [[Íomhá:Newborderregionboundary.png | 80px]]<!--[[Íomhá:Ireland location map Border region.svg | 40px]]--> | [[Íomhá:Ireland location map West region.svg | 80px]] | [[Íomhá:Ireland location map Midlands.svg | 80px]] | [[Íomhá:Mid East Ireland 2018.png | 80px]]<!--[[Íomhá:Ireland location map Mid-East.svg | 40px]]--> | [[Íomhá:Island_of_Ireland_location_map_Dublin.svg | 80px]] | [[Íomhá:Mid-West Region Map Ireland 2018.png | 80px]]<!--[[Íomhá:Mid-West Region Map Ireland 2018.png | 40px]]--> | [[Íomhá:SE Region Ireland 2018.png | 80px]]<!--[[Íomhá:Ireland location map South East.svg | 40px]]--> | [[Íomhá:Ireland location map South West.svg | 80px]] |} === Acrainm === * [[Aicmiú Comhchoiteann na nAonad Críche maidir le Staidreamh|NUTS]] - Acáise * [[Comhordú an Eolais ar an Timpeallacht|CORINE]] - Ceolta * [[CORDIS]] - SeoTaifeach * [[Inter-Active Terminology for Europe|IATE]] - Tighe == Eile == * {{tl|Gníomhaireachtaí an Aontais Eorpaigh|state=collapsed}} * [[Gníomhaireacht Sábháilteachta Eitlíochta an Aontais Eorpaigh]] (2002), [[Institiúid Eorpach um Nuálaíocht agus Teicneolaíocht]] (2008), [[Comhlacht na Rialálaithe Eorpacha um Chumarsáid Leictreonach]] (BEREC) (2009) &leftarrow; (BEREC Office) - [[Gníomhaireacht Tacaíochta BEREC]] (2018), [[an tÚdarás um Páirtithe Polaitiúla Eorpacha agus um Fhondúireachtaí Polaitiúla Eorpacha]] (2016), [[EU-CyCLONe]] (2020), [[Údarás Custaim an Aontais Eorpaigh]] (2026) # [[:en:Executive Agency for Competitiveness and Innovation|Competitiveness and Innovation]] - [[Gníomhaireacht Feidhmiúcháin um Iomaíochas agus Nuálaíocht]] # [[:en:European Cybersecurity Competence Centre|Cybersecurity Competence]] - an [[Lárionad Eorpach Inniúlachta um Thionsclaíocht, Teicneolaíocht agus Taighde Cibearshlándála]] # [[:en:Education, Audiovisual and Culture Executive Agency|Education, Audiovisual and Culture]] - [[Gníomhaireacht Feidhmiúcháin Oideachais, Closamhairc agus Cultúir]] # [[:en:European Climate, Infrastructure and Environment Executive Agency|Climate, Infrastructure and Environment]] - [[Gníomhaireacht Feidhmiúcháin Eorpach um an Aeráid, Bonneagar agus Comhshaol]] # [[:en:European Research Executive Agency|Research]] - [[Gníomhaireacht Feidhmiúcháin Eorpach um Thaighde]] # [[:en:European Research Council Executive Agency|Research Council]] - [[Gníomhaireacht Feidhmiúcháin na Comhairle Eorpaí um Thaighde]] == Lárionad Eorpach Inniúlachta um Thionsclaíocht, Teicneolaíocht agus Taighde Cibearshlándála == {{WD Bosca Sonraí Eagraíochta}} | chief1_name = Miguel González Sancho | chief1_position = Interim Executive Director Is [[gníomhaireachtaí an Aontais Eorpaigh|gníomhaireacht]] an [[Aontas Eorpach|Aontais Eorpaigh]] é an '''Lárionad Eorpach Inniúlachta um Chibearshlándála''' (Béarla: ''European Cybersecurity Competence Centre'' (ECCC)), go hoifigiúil '''an Lárionad Eorpach Inniúlachta um Thionsclaíocht, Teicneolaíocht agus Taighde Cibearshlándála''' (Béarla: ''European Cybersecurity Industrial, Technology and Research Competence Centre'').<ref name=iate /><ref name=CELEX:32021R0887 /> '' headquartered in [[Búcairist]], [[an Rómáin]], tasked with funding and coordinating cybersecurity research projects.<ref name=:0 /><ref name=euractiv2020 /> Plans for the introduction of the ECCC were first announced in 2018 by the European Commission and the regulation to establish the centre was published in 2021.<ref name=:0 /> The ECCC collaborates closely with the Network of National Coordination Centres (NCCs).<ref name=cscc2021 /> == Eagraíocht '' Although the organization of the ECCC is still being established, the planned administrative and governance structure includes: * ''a Governing Board which provides strategic orientation and oversees ECCC activities * ''an Executive Director who is the ECCC’s legal representative and is responsible for its day-to-day management * ''a Strategic Advisory Group that ensures a comprehensive, ongoing and permanent dialogue between the Community and the Competence Centre.<ref name=csc /> === Liosta de Lárionaid Náisiúnta Comhordúcháin === {| class="wikitable" ! Tír ! Lárionad Náisiúnta Comhordúcháin (LNC) |- | {{Flag|Austria}} [[an Ostair]] | [https://www.ncc.gv.at Nationales Koordinierungszentrum Cybersicherheit](NCC-AT) |- | {{Flag|Belgium}} [[an Bheilg]] | [https://ccb.belgium.be/ncc Nationaal Cybersecurity Coördinatiecentrum voor België / Centre national de coordination de la cybersécurité pour la Belgique] (NCC-BE) |- | {{Flag|Bulgaria}} [[an Bhulgáir]] | [https://egov.bg/wps/portal/egov/en/your%20europe/home Ministry of Electronic Governance] |- | {{Flag|Cyprus}} [[an Chipir]] | [https://dsa.cy/en/ Αρχή Ψηφιακής Ασφάλειας] (DSA) |- | {{Flag|Czech Republic}} [[an tSeicia]] | [https://nukib.gov.cz/en/ Národní centrum kybernetické bezpečnosti] (NCKB) |- | {{Flag|Denmark}} [[an Danmhairg]] | [https://danishbusinessauthority.dk/ Erhvervsstyrelsen] |- | {{Flag|Estonia}} [[an Eastóin]] | [https://www.ria.ee/en Riigi Infosüsteemi Amet] |- | {{Flag|Finland}} [[an Fhionlainn]] | [https://www.kyberturvallisuuskeskus.fi/fi Traficomin Kyberturvallisuuskeskus] (NCSC-FI) |- | {{Flag|France}} [[an Fhrainc]] | [https://cyber.gouv.fr/our-mission-home National Agency for Information Systems Security] (ANSSI) |- | {{Flag|Germany}} [[an Ghearmáin]] | [https://www.nkcs.bund.de/de National Coordination Center for Cybersecurity] ( NKCS ) – Federal Office for Information Security (BSI)] |- | {{Flag|Greece}} [[an Ghréig]] | [https://cyber.gov.gr/en/ National Cybersecurity Authority of Greece] |- | {{Flag|Iceland}} [[an Íoslainn]] | [https://www.government.is/topics/telecommunications/ncc-is/ Eyvör] - National Coordination Centre of Iceland (NCC-IS) |- | {{Flag|Ireland}} [[Éire]] | [https://www.ncsc.gov.ie/ National Cyber Security Centre] (NCSC) |- | {{Flag|Italy}} [[an Iodáil]] | [[Agenzia per la Cybersicurezza Nazionale|Agency for national cybersecurity]] (ACN) |- | {{Flag|Latvia}} [[an Laitvia]] | [https://www.mod.gov.lv/en Ministry of Defence] |- | {{Flag|Lithuania}} [[an Liotuáin]] | [https://kam.lt/en/national-coordination-center/ National Coordination Center], Ministry of National Defense |- | {{Flag|Luxembourg}} [[Lucsamburg]] | [https://www.securitymadein.lu/agency/ncc/Luxembourg Cybersecurity Coordination Centre] |- | {{Flag|Malta}} [[Málta]] | [https://www.mita.gov.mt/ Malta Information Technology Agency] |- | {{Flag|Netherlands}} [[an Ísiltír]] | [https://english.rvo.nl/ The Netherlands Enterprise Agency] (RVO) |- | {{Flag|Norway}} [[an Iorua]] | [https://ncc-no.no/ Norwegian National Coordination Centre for Research and Innovation on Cybersecurity] (NCC-NO) |- | {{Flag|Poland}} [[an Pholainn]] | [https://cybersecurity-centre.europa.eu/nccs_en National Cybersecurity Coordination Center Unit in the Chancellery of the Prime Minister] |- | {{Flag|Romania}} [[an Rómáin]] | [https://ncc.gov.ro/1/centrul-national-de-coordonare/ Centrul Național de Coordonare] |- | {{Flag|Slovakia}} [[an tSlóvaic]] | [https://cybercompetence.sk/ Cyber Security Competence and Certification Center] (KCCKB) |- | {{Flag|Slovenia}} [[an tSlóivéin]] | [https://www.uiv.gov.si/ncc Office of the Government of the Republic of Slovenia for Information Security] |- | {{Flag|Spain}} [[an Spáinn]] | [[The National Cybersecurity Institute]] (INCIBE) |- | {{Flag|Sweden}} [[an tSualainn]] | [https://www.msb.se/ Swedish Civil Contingencies Agency] |} == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = <ref name=iate>{{lua idirlín | url = https://iate.europa.eu/entry/result/3574089/ga | teideal = Téarma: an Lárionad Eorpach Inniúlachta um Thionsclaíocht, Teicneolaíocht agus Taighde Cibearshlándála | foilsitheoir = [[IATE]] | dátarochtana = 26-07-2026}}</ref> <ref name=CELEX:32021R0887>{{lua idirlín | url = https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/GA/ALL/?uri=CELEX:32021R0887 | teideal = Rialachán (AE) 2021/887 ó Pharlaimint na hEorpa agus ón gComhairle an 20 Bealtaine 2021 lena mbunaítear an Lárionad Eorpach um Inniúlachtaí Tionsclaíochta Cibearshlándála, Teicneolaíochta Cibearshlándála agus Taighde Cibearshlándála agus Líonra na Lárionad Náisiúnta Comhordúcháin | foilsitheoir = [[EUR-Lex]] | dátarochtana = 26-07-2026}}</ref> <ref name=:0>{{lua idirlín | dáta = 2020-12-10 | teideal = Bucharest, Romania, will host European Cybersecurity Competence Center | url=https://emerging-europe.com/news/bucharest-to-host-eu-cybersecurity-centre/ | dátarochtana = 2021-08-20 | work = Emerging Europe | teanga = en-US | archive-date=2021-08-20 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210820145743/https://emerging-europe.com/news/bucharest-to-host-eu-cybersecurity-centre/ | url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name=euractiv2020>{{lua idirlín | sloinne = Lungu | ainm = Adrian | dáta = 2020-12-10 | teideal = Bucharest to host EU's new cybersecurity centre | url=https://www.euractiv.com/section/cybersecurity/news/bucharest-to-host-eus-new-cybersecurity-centre/ | dátarochtana = 2021-08-20 | work = [[Euractiv]] | teanga = en-GB | archive-date=2021-07-28 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210728194947/https://www.euractiv.com/section/cybersecurity/news/bucharest-to-host-eus-new-cybersecurity-centre/ | url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name=cscc2021>{{lua idirlín | teideal = Cybersecurity Competence Centre {{!}} Shaping Europe's digital future | url = https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/policies/cybersecurity-competence-centre | dátarochtana = 2021-08-20 | foilsitheoir = [[an Coimisiún Eorpach Commission]] | teanga = en | archive-date=2021-08-27 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210827231853/https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/policies/cybersecurity-competence-centre | url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name=csc>{{lua idirlín | teideal = European Cybersecurity Competence Centre and Network | url = https://cybersecurity-centre.europa.eu/index_en | foilsitheoir = European Commission, Directorate-General for Communications Networks, Content and Technology | dátarochtana = 2022-07-19 | archive-date=2022-07-19 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220719032122/https://cybersecurity-centre.europa.eu/index_en | url-status=live}}</ref> }} [[Catagóir:Gníomhaireachtaí an Aontais Eorpaigh]] {{Gníomhaireachtaí an Aontais Eorpaigh|state=collapsed}} == References == <references /> == External links == * [https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32021R0887 Regulation establishing the European Cybersecurity Industrial, Technology and Research Competence Centre and the Network of National Coordination Centres] {{Agencies, independent bodies and joint undertakings of the European Union and the Euratom}} [[Category:2021 establishments in the European Union]] [[Category:Politics of the European Union]] [[Category:Information technology organizations based in Europe]] [[Category:Executive agencies of the European Commission]] [[Category:Organizations based in Bucharest]] [[Category:Scientific organizations established in 2021]] {{EU-stub}} == Tíreolaíocht == [[Réigiún na Teorann]] === Geografaíocht fhisiceach [[Íomhá:Glencar waterfall01.jpg| thumb | 170px | [[Loch Ghleann an Chairthe|Eas Ghleann an Chairthe]], Liatroim]] '' The region encompasses the entire northwest coast of Ireland along the [[an tAigéan Atlantach]]. Two of Ireland's longest rivers, [[an tSionainn]] and the [[an Éirne]], agus an [[Uiscebhealach na Sionainne is na hÉirne]] eatarthu. Cavan and Monaghan in the east of the region are characterized by a drumlin landscape, with hundreds of loughs interspersed between. [[Loch Aillionn]] in Leitrim is the region's largest lake, at 35 km². '' The west of the region, from [[Teallach Eathach]], County Cavan, to the Atlantic coast is largely rocky and mountainous, with coastal cliffs but also beaches in counties Sligo, Donegal and Leitrim. Leitrim has the smallest coastline of any county, at just 5&nbsp;km in length, while Donegal has the longest, at 1,134&nbsp;km. === Foraoiseacht '' there is a total of 130,345 ha of forest and woodland cover in the Border Region, equating to 11.3% of the region's land area, the national average.<ref name=govagri2017 /> '' Traditionally, the region had a very low cover forest and planting schemes were undertaken by the Department of Agriculture or [[Comhlachtaí státurraithe na hÉireann|comhlachtaí státurraithe]] such as [[Coillte]]. County Leitrim is now Ireland's most forested county at 18.9% forest cover. However, over 50% of Leitrim's forests are in private ownership.<ref name=govagri2006 /> === Aeráid '' Under [[Aicmiú aeráide Köppen]], the region experiences a maritime [[aeráid mheasartha]] [[aeráid aigéanach]], meaning cool winters, mild humid summers, and a lack of temperature extremes. Summer daytime temperatures range between 15°C agus 22°C, rarely going beyond 25°C. While the region generally experiences mild winters, upland areas typically have snow. Humidity is high year round and rainfall ranges from ~1,250&nbsp;mm ([[Marcréidh]], Sligeach) to ~1,000&nbsp;mm ([[Béal Átha hÉis]], Cabhán), evenly distributed throughout the year. <ref name=metclimate /> === Geolaíocht [[Íomhá: Benbulben2.jpg | thumb | 200px | [[Binn Ghulbain]], Contae Shligigh]] '' There are many large mountain ranges and high sea cliffs in the region, such as the [[Sléibhte Dhoire Bheatha]], [[Sliabh Liag]], the [[Binn Chuilceach]] agus [[Binn Ghulbain]]. The region is generally underlain by [[an tOrdaivíseach]] and [[an Siolúrach]] sceallaí agus gréabhacaí, laid down 417-495 million years ago. These are found in eastern Cavan and Monaghan. The bedrock of western Cavan, Leitrim and Sligo is composed mostly of [[carbónmhar]] limestones that were laid roughly 355 million years ago. However, a 1.5 billion year old narrow strip of metamorphosed gneisses extend across Sligo near [[Sliabh Gamh]].<ref name=geocavan /><ref name=geosligo /> '' County Donegal has one of the most complex geologies in Ireland. Much of the county is underlain by [[Réamhchaimbriach]] gneiss, schist and quartzite, laid down during the Grenvillian Orogeny 700 million years ago. The Border Region's highest point, [[An Earagail]], at 751 m, is composed of Precambrian quartzite. '' Ireland's oldest rocks, laid down 1.78 billion years ago, are found on the island of [[Inis Trá Tholl]].<ref name=gsi /> Inis Trá Tholl is Ireland's most northerly island, located approximately 10&nbsp;km north of [[Cionn Mhálanna]], mainland Ireland's most northerly point. '' [[Loch Súilí]] in Donegal is one of Ireland's three fjords. == Buntásc == __NOINDEX__ __NOTOC__ a48h8s2kvzq9oxr0j8fiveiloxeafp9 1321792 1321789 2026-07-27T07:47:22Z Marcas.oduinn 33120 /* Lárionad Eorpach Inniúlachta um Thionsclaíocht, Teicneolaíocht agus Taighde Cibearshlándála */ 1321792 wikitext text/x-wiki == Ceanntásc == (an t)Údarás um..., (an) G(h)níomhaireacht um... (an) Comhbheartas Talmhaíochta. Cé acu sa teideal? Féach: * [http://www.gaois.ie gaois.ie]. * ''Wikidata list'' [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Wikidata list/Contaetha na hÉireann#Réigiún na hÉireann|Réigiúin na hÉireann]]. === Réigiún === {| class="wikitable" style="width:100%; vertical-align:top;" ! style="width:50%;" | Réigiúin ! style="width:50%;" | Réigiúin NUTS |- | style="text-align:center" | [[Íomhá:IrelandRegions.png | center]] | align=center | [[Íomhá:NUTS3 Boundaries Ireland.png | center]] |- | style="vertical-align:top;" | Réigiúin na hÉireann: * (A) Tuaisceart * (B) Iarthar * (C) Iardheisceart * (D) Oirdheisceart * (E) Oirthear [BÁC] * (F) [[Lár na Tíre (Éire)]] | style="vertical-align:top;" | '''Réigiúin''' NUTS 3 na hÉireann: * [[Réigiún na Teorann|Teorainn]] * [[Réigiún an Iarthair|Iarthar]] * [[Réigiún Lár na Tíre|Lár na Tíre]] * [[Réigiún an Lár-Oirthir|Lár-Oirthear]] * [[Réigiún Bhaile Átha Cliath|Baile Átha Cliath]] * [[Réigiún an Lár-Iarthair|Lár-Iarthar]] * [[Réigiún an Oirdheiscirt|Oirdheisceart]] * [[Réigiún an Iardheiscirt|Iardheisceart]] |} {| |- | [[Íomhá:Newborderregionboundary.png | 80px]]<!--[[Íomhá:Ireland location map Border region.svg | 40px]]--> | [[Íomhá:Ireland location map West region.svg | 80px]] | [[Íomhá:Ireland location map Midlands.svg | 80px]] | [[Íomhá:Mid East Ireland 2018.png | 80px]]<!--[[Íomhá:Ireland location map Mid-East.svg | 40px]]--> | [[Íomhá:Island_of_Ireland_location_map_Dublin.svg | 80px]] | [[Íomhá:Mid-West Region Map Ireland 2018.png | 80px]]<!--[[Íomhá:Mid-West Region Map Ireland 2018.png | 40px]]--> | [[Íomhá:SE Region Ireland 2018.png | 80px]]<!--[[Íomhá:Ireland location map South East.svg | 40px]]--> | [[Íomhá:Ireland location map South West.svg | 80px]] |} === Acrainm === * [[Aicmiú Comhchoiteann na nAonad Críche maidir le Staidreamh|NUTS]] - Acáise * [[Comhordú an Eolais ar an Timpeallacht|CORINE]] - Ceolta * [[CORDIS]] - SeoTaifeach * [[Inter-Active Terminology for Europe|IATE]] - Tighe == Eile == * {{tl|Gníomhaireachtaí an Aontais Eorpaigh|state=collapsed}} * [[Gníomhaireacht Sábháilteachta Eitlíochta an Aontais Eorpaigh]] (2002), [[Institiúid Eorpach um Nuálaíocht agus Teicneolaíocht]] (2008), [[Comhlacht na Rialálaithe Eorpacha um Chumarsáid Leictreonach]] (BEREC) (2009) &leftarrow; (BEREC Office) - [[Gníomhaireacht Tacaíochta BEREC]] (2018), [[an tÚdarás um Páirtithe Polaitiúla Eorpacha agus um Fhondúireachtaí Polaitiúla Eorpacha]] (2016), [[EU-CyCLONe]] (2020), [[Údarás Custaim an Aontais Eorpaigh]] (2026) # [[:en:Executive Agency for Competitiveness and Innovation|Competitiveness and Innovation]] - [[Gníomhaireacht Feidhmiúcháin um Iomaíochas agus Nuálaíocht]] # [[:en:European Cybersecurity Competence Centre|Cybersecurity Competence]] - an [[Lárionad Eorpach Inniúlachta um Thionsclaíocht, Teicneolaíocht agus Taighde Cibearshlándála]] # [[:en:Education, Audiovisual and Culture Executive Agency|Education, Audiovisual and Culture]] - [[Gníomhaireacht Feidhmiúcháin Oideachais, Closamhairc agus Cultúir]] # [[:en:European Climate, Infrastructure and Environment Executive Agency|Climate, Infrastructure and Environment]] - [[Gníomhaireacht Feidhmiúcháin Eorpach um an Aeráid, Bonneagar agus Comhshaol]] # [[:en:European Research Executive Agency|Research]] - [[Gníomhaireacht Feidhmiúcháin Eorpach um Thaighde]] # [[:en:European Research Council Executive Agency|Research Council]] - [[Gníomhaireacht Feidhmiúcháin na Comhairle Eorpaí um Thaighde]] == Lárionad Eorpach Inniúlachta um Thionsclaíocht, Teicneolaíocht agus Taighde Cibearshlándála == {{WD Bosca Sonraí Eagraíochta}} | chief1_name = Miguel González Sancho | chief1_position = Interim Executive Director Is [[gníomhaireachtaí an Aontais Eorpaigh|gníomhaireacht]] an [[Aontas Eorpach|Aontais Eorpaigh]] é an '''Lárionad Eorpach Inniúlachta um Chibearshlándála''' (Béarla: ''European Cybersecurity Competence Centre'' (ECCC)), go hoifigiúil '''an Lárionad Eorpach Inniúlachta um Thionsclaíocht, Teicneolaíocht agus Taighde Cibearshlándála''' (Béarla: ''European Cybersecurity Industrial, Technology and Research Competence Centre'').<ref name=iate /><ref name=CELEX:32021R0887 /> '' headquartered in [[Búcairist]], [[an Rómáin]], tasked with funding and coordinating cybersecurity research projects.<ref name=:0 /><ref name=euractiv2020 /> Plans for the introduction of the ECCC were first announced in 2018 by the European Commission and the regulation to establish the centre was published in 2021.<ref name=:0 /> The ECCC collaborates closely with the Network of National Coordination Centres (NCCs).<ref name=cscc2021 /> == Eagraíocht '' Although the organization of the ECCC is still being established, the planned administrative and governance structure includes: * ''a Governing Board which provides strategic orientation and oversees ECCC activities * ''an Executive Director who is the ECCC’s legal representative and is responsible for its day-to-day management * ''a Strategic Advisory Group that ensures a comprehensive, ongoing and permanent dialogue between the Community and the Competence Centre.<ref name=csc /> === Liosta de Lárionaid Náisiúnta Comhordúcháin === {| class="wikitable" ! Tír ! Lárionad Náisiúnta Comhordúcháin (LNC) |- | {{Flag|Austria}} [[an Ostair]] | [https://www.ncc.gv.at Nationales Koordinierungszentrum Cybersicherheit](NCC-AT) |- | {{Flag|Belgium}} [[an Bheilg]] | [https://ccb.belgium.be/ncc Nationaal Cybersecurity Coördinatiecentrum voor België / Centre national de coordination de la cybersécurité pour la Belgique] (NCC-BE) |- | {{Flag|Bulgaria}} [[an Bhulgáir]] | ''[https://egov.bg/wps/portal/egov/en/your%20europe/home Ministry of Electronic Governance]'' |- | {{Flag|Cyprus}} [[an Chipir]] | [https://dsa.cy/en/ Αρχή Ψηφιακής Ασφάλειας] (DSA) |- | {{Flag|Czech Republic}} [[an tSeicia]] | [https://nukib.gov.cz/en/ Národní centrum kybernetické bezpečnosti] (NCKB) |- | {{Flag|Denmark}} [[an Danmhairg]] | [https://danishbusinessauthority.dk/ Erhvervsstyrelsen] |- | {{Flag|Estonia}} [[an Eastóin]] | [https://www.ria.ee/en Riigi Infosüsteemi Amet] |- | {{Flag|Finland}} [[an Fhionlainn]] | [https://www.kyberturvallisuuskeskus.fi/fi Traficomin Kyberturvallisuuskeskus] (NCSC-FI) |- | {{Flag|France}} [[an Fhrainc]] | [https://cyber.gouv.fr/ l’Agence nationale de la sécurité des systèmes d’information] (ANSSI) |- | {{Flag|Germany}} [[an Ghearmáin]] | [https://www.nkcs.bund.de/de Nationale Koordinierungszentrum für Cybersicherheit] (NKCS)] |- | {{Flag|Greece}} [[an Ghréig]] | [https://cyber.gov.gr/en/ Ελληνικό Οικοσύστημα Κυβερνοασφάλειας] |- | {{Flag|Iceland}} [[an Íoslainn]] | [https://www.government.is/topics/telecommunications/ncc-is/ Eyvör] (NCC-IS) |- | {{Flag|Ireland}} [[Éire]] | ''[https://www.ncsc.gov.ie/ National Cyber Security Centre]'' (NCSC) |- | {{Flag|Italy}} [[an Iodáil]] | [https://www.acn.gov.it/portale/home Agenzia per la Cybersicurezza Nazionale] (ACN) |- | {{Flag|Latvia}} [[an Laitvia]] | [https://www.cyber.gov.lv/lv Nacionālais kiberdrošības centrs] |- | {{Flag|Lithuania}} [[an Liotuáin]] | ''[https://kam.lt/en/national-coordination-center/ National Coordination Center]'' (NCC) |- | {{Flag|Luxembourg}} [[Lucsamburg]] | [https://www.securitymadein.lu/agency/ncc/Luxembourg Cybersecurity Coordination Centre] |- | {{Flag|Malta}} [[Málta]] | [https://www.mita.gov.mt/ Malta Information Technology Agency] |- | {{Flag|Netherlands}} [[an Ísiltír]] | [https://english.rvo.nl/ The Netherlands Enterprise Agency] (RVO) |- | {{Flag|Norway}} [[an Iorua]] | [https://ncc-no.no/ Norwegian National Coordination Centre for Research and Innovation on Cybersecurity] (NCC-NO) |- | {{Flag|Poland}} [[an Pholainn]] | [https://cybersecurity-centre.europa.eu/nccs_en National Cybersecurity Coordination Center Unit in the Chancellery of the Prime Minister] |- | {{Flag|Romania}} [[an Rómáin]] | [https://ncc.gov.ro/1/centrul-national-de-coordonare/ Centrul Național de Coordonare] |- | {{Flag|Slovakia}} [[an tSlóvaic]] | [https://cybercompetence.sk/ Cyber Security Competence and Certification Center] (KCCKB) |- | {{Flag|Slovenia}} [[an tSlóivéin]] | [https://www.uiv.gov.si/ncc Office of the Government of the Republic of Slovenia for Information Security] |- | {{Flag|Spain}} [[an Spáinn]] | [[The National Cybersecurity Institute]] (INCIBE) |- | {{Flag|Sweden}} [[an tSualainn]] | [https://www.msb.se/ Swedish Civil Contingencies Agency] |} == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = <ref name=iate>{{lua idirlín | url = https://iate.europa.eu/entry/result/3574089/ga | teideal = Téarma: an Lárionad Eorpach Inniúlachta um Thionsclaíocht, Teicneolaíocht agus Taighde Cibearshlándála | foilsitheoir = [[IATE]] | dátarochtana = 26-07-2026}}</ref> <ref name=CELEX:32021R0887>{{lua idirlín | url = https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/GA/ALL/?uri=CELEX:32021R0887 | teideal = Rialachán (AE) 2021/887 ó Pharlaimint na hEorpa agus ón gComhairle an 20 Bealtaine 2021 lena mbunaítear an Lárionad Eorpach um Inniúlachtaí Tionsclaíochta Cibearshlándála, Teicneolaíochta Cibearshlándála agus Taighde Cibearshlándála agus Líonra na Lárionad Náisiúnta Comhordúcháin | foilsitheoir = [[EUR-Lex]] | dátarochtana = 26-07-2026}}</ref> <ref name=:0>{{lua idirlín | dáta = 2020-12-10 | teideal = Bucharest, Romania, will host European Cybersecurity Competence Center | url=https://emerging-europe.com/news/bucharest-to-host-eu-cybersecurity-centre/ | dátarochtana = 2021-08-20 | work = Emerging Europe | teanga = en-US | archive-date=2021-08-20 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210820145743/https://emerging-europe.com/news/bucharest-to-host-eu-cybersecurity-centre/ | url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name=euractiv2020>{{lua idirlín | sloinne = Lungu | ainm = Adrian | dáta = 2020-12-10 | teideal = Bucharest to host EU's new cybersecurity centre | url=https://www.euractiv.com/section/cybersecurity/news/bucharest-to-host-eus-new-cybersecurity-centre/ | dátarochtana = 2021-08-20 | work = [[Euractiv]] | teanga = en-GB | archive-date=2021-07-28 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210728194947/https://www.euractiv.com/section/cybersecurity/news/bucharest-to-host-eus-new-cybersecurity-centre/ | url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name=cscc2021>{{lua idirlín | teideal = Cybersecurity Competence Centre {{!}} Shaping Europe's digital future | url = https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/policies/cybersecurity-competence-centre | dátarochtana = 2021-08-20 | foilsitheoir = [[an Coimisiún Eorpach Commission]] | teanga = en | archive-date=2021-08-27 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210827231853/https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/policies/cybersecurity-competence-centre | url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name=csc>{{lua idirlín | teideal = European Cybersecurity Competence Centre and Network | url = https://cybersecurity-centre.europa.eu/index_en | foilsitheoir = European Commission, Directorate-General for Communications Networks, Content and Technology | dátarochtana = 2022-07-19 | archive-date=2022-07-19 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220719032122/https://cybersecurity-centre.europa.eu/index_en | url-status=live}}</ref> }} [[Catagóir:Gníomhaireachtaí an Aontais Eorpaigh]] {{Gníomhaireachtaí an Aontais Eorpaigh|state=collapsed}} == References == <references /> == External links == * [https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32021R0887 Regulation establishing the European Cybersecurity Industrial, Technology and Research Competence Centre and the Network of National Coordination Centres] {{Agencies, independent bodies and joint undertakings of the European Union and the Euratom}} [[Category:2021 establishments in the European Union]] [[Category:Politics of the European Union]] [[Category:Information technology organizations based in Europe]] [[Category:Executive agencies of the European Commission]] [[Category:Organizations based in Bucharest]] [[Category:Scientific organizations established in 2021]] {{EU-stub}} == Tíreolaíocht == [[Réigiún na Teorann]] === Geografaíocht fhisiceach [[Íomhá:Glencar waterfall01.jpg| thumb | 170px | [[Loch Ghleann an Chairthe|Eas Ghleann an Chairthe]], Liatroim]] '' The region encompasses the entire northwest coast of Ireland along the [[an tAigéan Atlantach]]. Two of Ireland's longest rivers, [[an tSionainn]] and the [[an Éirne]], agus an [[Uiscebhealach na Sionainne is na hÉirne]] eatarthu. Cavan and Monaghan in the east of the region are characterized by a drumlin landscape, with hundreds of loughs interspersed between. [[Loch Aillionn]] in Leitrim is the region's largest lake, at 35 km². '' The west of the region, from [[Teallach Eathach]], County Cavan, to the Atlantic coast is largely rocky and mountainous, with coastal cliffs but also beaches in counties Sligo, Donegal and Leitrim. Leitrim has the smallest coastline of any county, at just 5&nbsp;km in length, while Donegal has the longest, at 1,134&nbsp;km. === Foraoiseacht '' there is a total of 130,345 ha of forest and woodland cover in the Border Region, equating to 11.3% of the region's land area, the national average.<ref name=govagri2017 /> '' Traditionally, the region had a very low cover forest and planting schemes were undertaken by the Department of Agriculture or [[Comhlachtaí státurraithe na hÉireann|comhlachtaí státurraithe]] such as [[Coillte]]. County Leitrim is now Ireland's most forested county at 18.9% forest cover. However, over 50% of Leitrim's forests are in private ownership.<ref name=govagri2006 /> === Aeráid '' Under [[Aicmiú aeráide Köppen]], the region experiences a maritime [[aeráid mheasartha]] [[aeráid aigéanach]], meaning cool winters, mild humid summers, and a lack of temperature extremes. Summer daytime temperatures range between 15°C agus 22°C, rarely going beyond 25°C. While the region generally experiences mild winters, upland areas typically have snow. Humidity is high year round and rainfall ranges from ~1,250&nbsp;mm ([[Marcréidh]], Sligeach) to ~1,000&nbsp;mm ([[Béal Átha hÉis]], Cabhán), evenly distributed throughout the year. <ref name=metclimate /> === Geolaíocht [[Íomhá: Benbulben2.jpg | thumb | 200px | [[Binn Ghulbain]], Contae Shligigh]] '' There are many large mountain ranges and high sea cliffs in the region, such as the [[Sléibhte Dhoire Bheatha]], [[Sliabh Liag]], the [[Binn Chuilceach]] agus [[Binn Ghulbain]]. The region is generally underlain by [[an tOrdaivíseach]] and [[an Siolúrach]] sceallaí agus gréabhacaí, laid down 417-495 million years ago. These are found in eastern Cavan and Monaghan. The bedrock of western Cavan, Leitrim and Sligo is composed mostly of [[carbónmhar]] limestones that were laid roughly 355 million years ago. However, a 1.5 billion year old narrow strip of metamorphosed gneisses extend across Sligo near [[Sliabh Gamh]].<ref name=geocavan /><ref name=geosligo /> '' County Donegal has one of the most complex geologies in Ireland. Much of the county is underlain by [[Réamhchaimbriach]] gneiss, schist and quartzite, laid down during the Grenvillian Orogeny 700 million years ago. The Border Region's highest point, [[An Earagail]], at 751 m, is composed of Precambrian quartzite. '' Ireland's oldest rocks, laid down 1.78 billion years ago, are found on the island of [[Inis Trá Tholl]].<ref name=gsi /> Inis Trá Tholl is Ireland's most northerly island, located approximately 10&nbsp;km north of [[Cionn Mhálanna]], mainland Ireland's most northerly point. '' [[Loch Súilí]] in Donegal is one of Ireland's three fjords. == Buntásc == __NOINDEX__ __NOTOC__ szhk41gpnuqlk3ap0swhll41ia3xmu3 1321793 1321792 2026-07-27T08:01:09Z Marcas.oduinn 33120 /* Liosta de Lárionaid Náisiúnta Comhordúcháin */ 1321793 wikitext text/x-wiki == Ceanntásc == (an t)Údarás um..., (an) G(h)níomhaireacht um... (an) Comhbheartas Talmhaíochta. Cé acu sa teideal? Féach: * [http://www.gaois.ie gaois.ie]. * ''Wikidata list'' [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Wikidata list/Contaetha na hÉireann#Réigiún na hÉireann|Réigiúin na hÉireann]]. === Réigiún === {| class="wikitable" style="width:100%; vertical-align:top;" ! style="width:50%;" | Réigiúin ! style="width:50%;" | Réigiúin NUTS |- | style="text-align:center" | [[Íomhá:IrelandRegions.png | center]] | align=center | [[Íomhá:NUTS3 Boundaries Ireland.png | center]] |- | style="vertical-align:top;" | Réigiúin na hÉireann: * (A) Tuaisceart * (B) Iarthar * (C) Iardheisceart * (D) Oirdheisceart * (E) Oirthear [BÁC] * (F) [[Lár na Tíre (Éire)]] | style="vertical-align:top;" | '''Réigiúin''' NUTS 3 na hÉireann: * [[Réigiún na Teorann|Teorainn]] * [[Réigiún an Iarthair|Iarthar]] * [[Réigiún Lár na Tíre|Lár na Tíre]] * [[Réigiún an Lár-Oirthir|Lár-Oirthear]] * [[Réigiún Bhaile Átha Cliath|Baile Átha Cliath]] * [[Réigiún an Lár-Iarthair|Lár-Iarthar]] * [[Réigiún an Oirdheiscirt|Oirdheisceart]] * [[Réigiún an Iardheiscirt|Iardheisceart]] |} {| |- | [[Íomhá:Newborderregionboundary.png | 80px]]<!--[[Íomhá:Ireland location map Border region.svg | 40px]]--> | [[Íomhá:Ireland location map West region.svg | 80px]] | [[Íomhá:Ireland location map Midlands.svg | 80px]] | [[Íomhá:Mid East Ireland 2018.png | 80px]]<!--[[Íomhá:Ireland location map Mid-East.svg | 40px]]--> | [[Íomhá:Island_of_Ireland_location_map_Dublin.svg | 80px]] | [[Íomhá:Mid-West Region Map Ireland 2018.png | 80px]]<!--[[Íomhá:Mid-West Region Map Ireland 2018.png | 40px]]--> | [[Íomhá:SE Region Ireland 2018.png | 80px]]<!--[[Íomhá:Ireland location map South East.svg | 40px]]--> | [[Íomhá:Ireland location map South West.svg | 80px]] |} === Acrainm === * [[Aicmiú Comhchoiteann na nAonad Críche maidir le Staidreamh|NUTS]] - Acáise * [[Comhordú an Eolais ar an Timpeallacht|CORINE]] - Ceolta * [[CORDIS]] - SeoTaifeach * [[Inter-Active Terminology for Europe|IATE]] - Tighe == Eile == * {{tl|Gníomhaireachtaí an Aontais Eorpaigh|state=collapsed}} * [[Gníomhaireacht Sábháilteachta Eitlíochta an Aontais Eorpaigh]] (2002), [[Institiúid Eorpach um Nuálaíocht agus Teicneolaíocht]] (2008), [[Comhlacht na Rialálaithe Eorpacha um Chumarsáid Leictreonach]] (BEREC) (2009) &leftarrow; (BEREC Office) - [[Gníomhaireacht Tacaíochta BEREC]] (2018), [[an tÚdarás um Páirtithe Polaitiúla Eorpacha agus um Fhondúireachtaí Polaitiúla Eorpacha]] (2016), [[EU-CyCLONe]] (2020), [[Údarás Custaim an Aontais Eorpaigh]] (2026) # [[:en:Executive Agency for Competitiveness and Innovation|Competitiveness and Innovation]] - [[Gníomhaireacht Feidhmiúcháin um Iomaíochas agus Nuálaíocht]] # [[:en:European Cybersecurity Competence Centre|Cybersecurity Competence]] - an [[Lárionad Eorpach Inniúlachta um Thionsclaíocht, Teicneolaíocht agus Taighde Cibearshlándála]] # [[:en:Education, Audiovisual and Culture Executive Agency|Education, Audiovisual and Culture]] - [[Gníomhaireacht Feidhmiúcháin Oideachais, Closamhairc agus Cultúir]] # [[:en:European Climate, Infrastructure and Environment Executive Agency|Climate, Infrastructure and Environment]] - [[Gníomhaireacht Feidhmiúcháin Eorpach um an Aeráid, Bonneagar agus Comhshaol]] # [[:en:European Research Executive Agency|Research]] - [[Gníomhaireacht Feidhmiúcháin Eorpach um Thaighde]] # [[:en:European Research Council Executive Agency|Research Council]] - [[Gníomhaireacht Feidhmiúcháin na Comhairle Eorpaí um Thaighde]] == Lárionad Eorpach Inniúlachta um Thionsclaíocht, Teicneolaíocht agus Taighde Cibearshlándála == {{WD Bosca Sonraí Eagraíochta}} | chief1_name = Miguel González Sancho | chief1_position = Interim Executive Director Is [[gníomhaireachtaí an Aontais Eorpaigh|gníomhaireacht]] an [[Aontas Eorpach|Aontais Eorpaigh]] é an '''Lárionad Eorpach Inniúlachta um Chibearshlándála''' (Béarla: ''European Cybersecurity Competence Centre'' (ECCC)), go hoifigiúil '''an Lárionad Eorpach Inniúlachta um Thionsclaíocht, Teicneolaíocht agus Taighde Cibearshlándála''' (Béarla: ''European Cybersecurity Industrial, Technology and Research Competence Centre'').<ref name=iate /><ref name=CELEX:32021R0887 /> '' headquartered in [[Búcairist]], [[an Rómáin]], tasked with funding and coordinating cybersecurity research projects.<ref name=:0 /><ref name=euractiv2020 /> Plans for the introduction of the ECCC were first announced in 2018 by the European Commission and the regulation to establish the centre was published in 2021.<ref name=:0 /> The ECCC collaborates closely with the Network of National Coordination Centres (NCCs).<ref name=cscc2021 /> == Eagraíocht '' Although the organization of the ECCC is still being established, the planned administrative and governance structure includes: * ''a Governing Board which provides strategic orientation and oversees ECCC activities * ''an Executive Director who is the ECCC’s legal representative and is responsible for its day-to-day management * ''a Strategic Advisory Group that ensures a comprehensive, ongoing and permanent dialogue between the Community and the Competence Centre.<ref name=csc /> === Liosta de Lárionaid Náisiúnta Comhordúcháin === {| class="wikitable" ! Tír ! Lárionad Náisiúnta Comhordúcháin (LNC) |- | {{Flag|Austria}} [[an Ostair]] | [https://www.ncc.gv.at Nationales Koordinierungszentrum Cybersicherheit](NCC-AT) |- | {{Flag|Belgium}} [[an Bheilg]] | [https://ccb.belgium.be/ncc Nationaal Cybersecurity Coördinatiecentrum voor België / Centre national de coordination de la cybersécurité pour la Belgique] (NCC-BE) |- | {{Flag|Bulgaria}} [[an Bhulgáir]] | ''[https://egov.bg/wps/portal/egov/en/your%20europe/home Ministry of Electronic Governance]'' |- | {{Flag|Cyprus}} [[an Chipir]] | [https://dsa.cy/en/ Αρχή Ψηφιακής Ασφάλειας] (DSA) |- | {{Flag|Czech Republic}} [[an tSeicia]] | [https://nukib.gov.cz/en/ Národní centrum kybernetické bezpečnosti] (NCKB) |- | {{Flag|Denmark}} [[an Danmhairg]] | [https://danishbusinessauthority.dk/ Erhvervsstyrelsen] |- | {{Flag|Estonia}} [[an Eastóin]] | [https://www.ria.ee/en Riigi Infosüsteemi Amet] |- | {{Flag|Finland}} [[an Fhionlainn]] | [https://www.kyberturvallisuuskeskus.fi/fi Traficomin Kyberturvallisuuskeskus] (NCSC-FI) |- | {{Flag|France}} [[an Fhrainc]] | [https://cyber.gouv.fr/ l’Agence nationale de la sécurité des systèmes d’information] (ANSSI) |- | {{Flag|Germany}} [[an Ghearmáin]] | [https://www.nkcs.bund.de/de Nationale Koordinierungszentrum für Cybersicherheit] (NKCS)] |- | {{Flag|Greece}} [[an Ghréig]] | [https://cyber.gov.gr/en/ Ελληνικό Οικοσύστημα Κυβερνοασφάλειας] |- | {{Flag|Iceland}} [[an Íoslainn]] | [https://www.government.is/topics/telecommunications/ncc-is/ Eyvör] (NCC-IS) |- | {{Flag|Ireland}} [[Éire]] | ''[https://www.ncsc.gov.ie/ National Cyber Security Centre]'' (NCSC) |- | {{Flag|Italy}} [[an Iodáil]] | [https://www.acn.gov.it/portale/home Agenzia per la Cybersicurezza Nazionale] (ACN) |- | {{Flag|Latvia}} [[an Laitvia]] | [https://www.cyber.gov.lv/lv Nacionālais kiberdrošības centrs] |- | {{Flag|Lithuania}} [[an Liotuáin]] | ''[https://kam.lt/en/national-coordination-center/ National Coordination Center]'' (NCC) |- | {{Flag|Luxembourg}} [[Lucsamburg]] | [https://www.securitymadein.lu/agency/ncc/Luxembourg Cybersecurity Coordination Centre] |- | {{Flag|Malta}} [[Málta]] | [https://www.mita.gov.mt/ Malta Information Technology Agency] |- | {{Flag|Netherlands}} [[an Ísiltír]] | [https://english.rvo.nl/ The Netherlands Enterprise Agency] (RVO) |- | {{Flag|Norway}} [[an Iorua]] | [https://ncc-no.no/ Norwegian National Coordination Centre for Research and Innovation on Cybersecurity] (NCC-NO) |- | {{Flag|Poland}} [[an Pholainn]] | [https://cybersecurity-centre.europa.eu/nccs_en National Cybersecurity Coordination Center Unit in the Chancellery of the Prime Minister] |- | {{Flag|Romania}} [[an Rómáin]] | [https://ncc.gov.ro/1/centrul-national-de-coordonare/ Centrul Național de Coordonare] |- | {{Flag|Slovakia}} [[an tSlóvaic]] | [https://cybercompetence.sk/ Cyber Security Competence and Certification Center] (KCCKB) |- | {{Flag|Slovenia}} [[an tSlóivéin]] | [https://www.uiv.gov.si/ncc Office of the Government of the Republic of Slovenia for Information Security] |- | {{Flag|Spain}} [[an Spáinn]] | [https://www.incibe.es/ Instituto Nacional de Ciberseguridad de España] (INCIBE) |- | {{Flag|Sweden}} [[an tSualainn]] | [https://www.msb.se/ Myndigheten för civilt försvar] |} == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = <ref name=iate>{{lua idirlín | url = https://iate.europa.eu/entry/result/3574089/ga | teideal = Téarma: an Lárionad Eorpach Inniúlachta um Thionsclaíocht, Teicneolaíocht agus Taighde Cibearshlándála | foilsitheoir = [[IATE]] | dátarochtana = 26-07-2026}}</ref> <ref name=CELEX:32021R0887>{{lua idirlín | url = https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/GA/ALL/?uri=CELEX:32021R0887 | teideal = Rialachán (AE) 2021/887 ó Pharlaimint na hEorpa agus ón gComhairle an 20 Bealtaine 2021 lena mbunaítear an Lárionad Eorpach um Inniúlachtaí Tionsclaíochta Cibearshlándála, Teicneolaíochta Cibearshlándála agus Taighde Cibearshlándála agus Líonra na Lárionad Náisiúnta Comhordúcháin | foilsitheoir = [[EUR-Lex]] | dátarochtana = 26-07-2026}}</ref> <ref name=:0>{{lua idirlín | dáta = 2020-12-10 | teideal = Bucharest, Romania, will host European Cybersecurity Competence Center | url=https://emerging-europe.com/news/bucharest-to-host-eu-cybersecurity-centre/ | dátarochtana = 2021-08-20 | work = Emerging Europe | teanga = en-US | archive-date=2021-08-20 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210820145743/https://emerging-europe.com/news/bucharest-to-host-eu-cybersecurity-centre/ | url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name=euractiv2020>{{lua idirlín | sloinne = Lungu | ainm = Adrian | dáta = 2020-12-10 | teideal = Bucharest to host EU's new cybersecurity centre | url=https://www.euractiv.com/section/cybersecurity/news/bucharest-to-host-eus-new-cybersecurity-centre/ | dátarochtana = 2021-08-20 | work = [[Euractiv]] | teanga = en-GB | archive-date=2021-07-28 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210728194947/https://www.euractiv.com/section/cybersecurity/news/bucharest-to-host-eus-new-cybersecurity-centre/ | url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name=cscc2021>{{lua idirlín | teideal = Cybersecurity Competence Centre {{!}} Shaping Europe's digital future | url = https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/policies/cybersecurity-competence-centre | dátarochtana = 2021-08-20 | foilsitheoir = [[an Coimisiún Eorpach Commission]] | teanga = en | archive-date=2021-08-27 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210827231853/https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/policies/cybersecurity-competence-centre | url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name=csc>{{lua idirlín | teideal = European Cybersecurity Competence Centre and Network | url = https://cybersecurity-centre.europa.eu/index_en | foilsitheoir = European Commission, Directorate-General for Communications Networks, Content and Technology | dátarochtana = 2022-07-19 | archive-date=2022-07-19 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220719032122/https://cybersecurity-centre.europa.eu/index_en | url-status=live}}</ref> }} [[Catagóir:Gníomhaireachtaí an Aontais Eorpaigh]] {{Gníomhaireachtaí an Aontais Eorpaigh|state=collapsed}} == References == <references /> == External links == * [https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32021R0887 Regulation establishing the European Cybersecurity Industrial, Technology and Research Competence Centre and the Network of National Coordination Centres] {{Agencies, independent bodies and joint undertakings of the European Union and the Euratom}} [[Category:2021 establishments in the European Union]] [[Category:Politics of the European Union]] [[Category:Information technology organizations based in Europe]] [[Category:Executive agencies of the European Commission]] [[Category:Organizations based in Bucharest]] [[Category:Scientific organizations established in 2021]] {{EU-stub}} == Tíreolaíocht == [[Réigiún na Teorann]] === Geografaíocht fhisiceach [[Íomhá:Glencar waterfall01.jpg| thumb | 170px | [[Loch Ghleann an Chairthe|Eas Ghleann an Chairthe]], Liatroim]] '' The region encompasses the entire northwest coast of Ireland along the [[an tAigéan Atlantach]]. Two of Ireland's longest rivers, [[an tSionainn]] and the [[an Éirne]], agus an [[Uiscebhealach na Sionainne is na hÉirne]] eatarthu. Cavan and Monaghan in the east of the region are characterized by a drumlin landscape, with hundreds of loughs interspersed between. [[Loch Aillionn]] in Leitrim is the region's largest lake, at 35 km². '' The west of the region, from [[Teallach Eathach]], County Cavan, to the Atlantic coast is largely rocky and mountainous, with coastal cliffs but also beaches in counties Sligo, Donegal and Leitrim. Leitrim has the smallest coastline of any county, at just 5&nbsp;km in length, while Donegal has the longest, at 1,134&nbsp;km. === Foraoiseacht '' there is a total of 130,345 ha of forest and woodland cover in the Border Region, equating to 11.3% of the region's land area, the national average.<ref name=govagri2017 /> '' Traditionally, the region had a very low cover forest and planting schemes were undertaken by the Department of Agriculture or [[Comhlachtaí státurraithe na hÉireann|comhlachtaí státurraithe]] such as [[Coillte]]. County Leitrim is now Ireland's most forested county at 18.9% forest cover. However, over 50% of Leitrim's forests are in private ownership.<ref name=govagri2006 /> === Aeráid '' Under [[Aicmiú aeráide Köppen]], the region experiences a maritime [[aeráid mheasartha]] [[aeráid aigéanach]], meaning cool winters, mild humid summers, and a lack of temperature extremes. Summer daytime temperatures range between 15°C agus 22°C, rarely going beyond 25°C. While the region generally experiences mild winters, upland areas typically have snow. Humidity is high year round and rainfall ranges from ~1,250&nbsp;mm ([[Marcréidh]], Sligeach) to ~1,000&nbsp;mm ([[Béal Átha hÉis]], Cabhán), evenly distributed throughout the year. <ref name=metclimate /> === Geolaíocht [[Íomhá: Benbulben2.jpg | thumb | 200px | [[Binn Ghulbain]], Contae Shligigh]] '' There are many large mountain ranges and high sea cliffs in the region, such as the [[Sléibhte Dhoire Bheatha]], [[Sliabh Liag]], the [[Binn Chuilceach]] agus [[Binn Ghulbain]]. The region is generally underlain by [[an tOrdaivíseach]] and [[an Siolúrach]] sceallaí agus gréabhacaí, laid down 417-495 million years ago. These are found in eastern Cavan and Monaghan. The bedrock of western Cavan, Leitrim and Sligo is composed mostly of [[carbónmhar]] limestones that were laid roughly 355 million years ago. However, a 1.5 billion year old narrow strip of metamorphosed gneisses extend across Sligo near [[Sliabh Gamh]].<ref name=geocavan /><ref name=geosligo /> '' County Donegal has one of the most complex geologies in Ireland. Much of the county is underlain by [[Réamhchaimbriach]] gneiss, schist and quartzite, laid down during the Grenvillian Orogeny 700 million years ago. The Border Region's highest point, [[An Earagail]], at 751 m, is composed of Precambrian quartzite. '' Ireland's oldest rocks, laid down 1.78 billion years ago, are found on the island of [[Inis Trá Tholl]].<ref name=gsi /> Inis Trá Tholl is Ireland's most northerly island, located approximately 10&nbsp;km north of [[Cionn Mhálanna]], mainland Ireland's most northerly point. '' [[Loch Súilí]] in Donegal is one of Ireland's three fjords. == Buntásc == __NOINDEX__ __NOTOC__ 7rjy2jtlf9qvqqrrgon6f0ofs466mpm 1321794 1321793 2026-07-27T08:10:10Z Marcas.oduinn 33120 1321794 wikitext text/x-wiki == Ceanntásc == (an t)Údarás um..., (an) G(h)níomhaireacht um... (an) Comhbheartas Talmhaíochta. Cé acu sa teideal? Féach: * [http://www.gaois.ie gaois.ie]. * ''Wikidata list'' [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Wikidata list/Contaetha na hÉireann#Réigiún na hÉireann|Réigiúin na hÉireann]]. === Réigiún === {| class="wikitable" style="width:100%; vertical-align:top;" ! style="width:50%;" | Réigiúin ! style="width:50%;" | Réigiúin NUTS |- | style="text-align:center" | [[Íomhá:IrelandRegions.png | center]] | align=center | [[Íomhá:NUTS3 Boundaries Ireland.png | center]] |- | style="vertical-align:top;" | Réigiúin na hÉireann: * (A) Tuaisceart * (B) Iarthar * (C) Iardheisceart * (D) Oirdheisceart * (E) Oirthear [BÁC] * (F) [[Lár na Tíre (Éire)]] | style="vertical-align:top;" | '''Réigiúin''' NUTS 3 na hÉireann: * [[Réigiún na Teorann|Teorainn]] * [[Réigiún an Iarthair|Iarthar]] * [[Réigiún Lár na Tíre|Lár na Tíre]] * [[Réigiún an Lár-Oirthir|Lár-Oirthear]] * [[Réigiún Bhaile Átha Cliath|Baile Átha Cliath]] * [[Réigiún an Lár-Iarthair|Lár-Iarthar]] * [[Réigiún an Oirdheiscirt|Oirdheisceart]] * [[Réigiún an Iardheiscirt|Iardheisceart]] |} {| |- | [[Íomhá:Newborderregionboundary.png | 80px]]<!--[[Íomhá:Ireland location map Border region.svg | 40px]]--> | [[Íomhá:Ireland location map West region.svg | 80px]] | [[Íomhá:Ireland location map Midlands.svg | 80px]] | [[Íomhá:Mid East Ireland 2018.png | 80px]]<!--[[Íomhá:Ireland location map Mid-East.svg | 40px]]--> | [[Íomhá:Island_of_Ireland_location_map_Dublin.svg | 80px]] | [[Íomhá:Mid-West Region Map Ireland 2018.png | 80px]]<!--[[Íomhá:Mid-West Region Map Ireland 2018.png | 40px]]--> | [[Íomhá:SE Region Ireland 2018.png | 80px]]<!--[[Íomhá:Ireland location map South East.svg | 40px]]--> | [[Íomhá:Ireland location map South West.svg | 80px]] |} === Acrainm === * [[Aicmiú Comhchoiteann na nAonad Críche maidir le Staidreamh|NUTS]] - Acáise * [[Comhordú an Eolais ar an Timpeallacht|CORINE]] - Ceolta * [[CORDIS]] - SeoTaifeach * [[Inter-Active Terminology for Europe|IATE]] - Tighe == Eile == * {{tl|Gníomhaireachtaí an Aontais Eorpaigh|state=collapsed}} * [[Gníomhaireacht Sábháilteachta Eitlíochta an Aontais Eorpaigh]] (2002), [[Institiúid Eorpach um Nuálaíocht agus Teicneolaíocht]] (2008), [[Comhlacht na Rialálaithe Eorpacha um Chumarsáid Leictreonach]] (BEREC) (2009) &leftarrow; (BEREC Office) - [[Gníomhaireacht Tacaíochta BEREC]] (2018), [[an tÚdarás um Páirtithe Polaitiúla Eorpacha agus um Fhondúireachtaí Polaitiúla Eorpacha]] (2016), [[EU-CyCLONe]] (2020), [[Údarás Custaim an Aontais Eorpaigh]] (2026) # [[:en:Executive Agency for Competitiveness and Innovation|Competitiveness and Innovation]] - [[Gníomhaireacht Feidhmiúcháin um Iomaíochas agus Nuálaíocht]] # [[:en:European Cybersecurity Competence Centre|Cybersecurity Competence]] - an [[Lárionad Eorpach Inniúlachta um Thionsclaíocht, Teicneolaíocht agus Taighde Cibearshlándála]] # [[:en:Education, Audiovisual and Culture Executive Agency|Education, Audiovisual and Culture]] - [[Gníomhaireacht Feidhmiúcháin Oideachais, Closamhairc agus Cultúir]] # [[:en:European Climate, Infrastructure and Environment Executive Agency|Climate, Infrastructure and Environment]] - [[Gníomhaireacht Feidhmiúcháin Eorpach um an Aeráid, Bonneagar agus Comhshaol]] # [[:en:European Research Executive Agency|Research]] - [[Gníomhaireacht Feidhmiúcháin Eorpach um Thaighde]] # [[:en:European Research Council Executive Agency|Research Council]] - [[Gníomhaireacht Feidhmiúcháin na Comhairle Eorpaí um Thaighde]] == Lárionad Eorpach Inniúlachta um Thionsclaíocht, Teicneolaíocht agus Taighde Cibearshlándála == {{WD Bosca Sonraí Eagraíochta}} | chief1_name = Miguel González Sancho | chief1_position = Interim Executive Director Is [[gníomhaireachtaí an Aontais Eorpaigh|gníomhaireacht]] an [[Aontas Eorpach|Aontais Eorpaigh]] é an '''Lárionad Eorpach Inniúlachta um Chibearshlándála''' (Béarla: ''European Cybersecurity Competence Centre'' (ECCC)), go hoifigiúil '''an Lárionad Eorpach Inniúlachta um Thionsclaíocht, Teicneolaíocht agus Taighde Cibearshlándála''' (Béarla: ''European Cybersecurity Industrial, Technology and Research Competence Centre'').<ref name=iate /><ref name=CELEX:32021R0887 /> '' headquartered in [[Búcairist]], [[an Rómáin]], tasked with funding and coordinating cybersecurity research projects.<ref name=:0 /><ref name=euractiv2020 /> Plans for the introduction of the ECCC were first announced in 2018 by the European Commission and the regulation to establish the centre was published in 2021.<ref name=:0 /> The ECCC collaborates closely with the Network of National Coordination Centres (NCCs).<ref name=cscc2021 /> == Eagraíocht '' Although the organization of the ECCC is still being established, the planned administrative and governance structure includes: * ''a Governing Board which provides strategic orientation and oversees ECCC activities * ''an Executive Director who is the ECCC’s legal representative and is responsible for its day-to-day management * ''a Strategic Advisory Group that ensures a comprehensive, ongoing and permanent dialogue between the Community and the Competence Centre.<ref name=csc /> === Liosta de Lárionaid Náisiúnta Comhordúcháin === {| class="wikitable" ! Tír ! Lárionad Náisiúnta Comhordúcháin (LNC) |- | {{Flag|Austria}} [[an Ostair]] | [https://www.ncc.gv.at Nationales Koordinierungszentrum Cybersicherheit](NCC-AT) |- | {{Flag|Belgium}} [[an Bheilg]] | [https://ccb.belgium.be/ncc Nationaal Cybersecurity Coördinatiecentrum voor België / Centre national de coordination de la cybersécurité pour la Belgique] (NCC-BE) |- | {{Flag|Bulgaria}} [[an Bhulgáir]] | ''[https://egov.bg/wps/portal/egov/en/your%20europe/home Ministry of Electronic Governance]'' |- | {{Flag|Cyprus}} [[an Chipir]] | [https://dsa.cy/en/ Αρχή Ψηφιακής Ασφάλειας] (DSA) |- | {{Flag|Czech Republic}} [[an tSeicia]] | [https://nukib.gov.cz/en/ Národní centrum kybernetické bezpečnosti] (NCKB) |- | {{Flag|Denmark}} [[an Danmhairg]] | [https://danishbusinessauthority.dk/ Erhvervsstyrelsen] |- | {{Flag|Estonia}} [[an Eastóin]] | [https://www.ria.ee/en Riigi Infosüsteemi Amet] |- | {{Flag|Finland}} [[an Fhionlainn]] | [https://www.kyberturvallisuuskeskus.fi/fi Traficomin Kyberturvallisuuskeskus] (NCSC-FI) |- | {{Flag|France}} [[an Fhrainc]] | [https://cyber.gouv.fr/ l’Agence nationale de la sécurité des systèmes d’information] (ANSSI) |- | {{Flag|Germany}} [[an Ghearmáin]] | [https://www.nkcs.bund.de/de Nationale Koordinierungszentrum für Cybersicherheit] (NKCS)] |- | {{Flag|Greece}} [[an Ghréig]] | [https://cyber.gov.gr/en/ Ελληνικό Οικοσύστημα Κυβερνοασφάλειας] |- | {{Flag|Iceland}} [[an Íoslainn]] | [https://www.government.is/topics/telecommunications/ncc-is/ Eyvör] (NCC-IS) |- | {{Flag|Ireland}} [[Éire]] | ''[https://www.ncsc.gov.ie/ National Cyber Security Centre]'' (NCSC) |- | {{Flag|Italy}} [[an Iodáil]] | [https://www.acn.gov.it/portale/home Agenzia per la Cybersicurezza Nazionale] (ACN) |- | {{Flag|Latvia}} [[an Laitvia]] | [https://www.cyber.gov.lv/lv Nacionālais kiberdrošības centrs] |- | {{Flag|Lithuania}} [[an Liotuáin]] | ''[https://kam.lt/en/national-coordination-center/ National Coordination Center]'' (NCC) |- | {{Flag|Luxembourg}} [[Lucsamburg]] | ''[https://www.securitymadein.lu/agency/ncc/Luxembourg Cybersecurity Coordination Centre] |- | {{Flag|Malta}} [[Málta]] | ''[https://www.mita.gov.mt/ Malta Information Technology Agency] |- | {{Flag|Netherlands}} [[an Ísiltír]] | [https://www.ncsc.nl/ Het Nationaal Cyber Security Centrum] (NCSC) |- | {{Flag|Norway}} [[an Iorua]] | [https://ncc-no.no/ Norwegian National Coordination Centre for Research and Innovation on Cybersecurity] (NCC-NO) |- | {{Flag|Poland}} [[an Pholainn]] | [https://cybersecurity-centre.europa.eu/nccs_en National Cybersecurity Coordination Center Unit in the Chancellery of the Prime Minister] |- | {{Flag|Romania}} [[an Rómáin]] | [https://ncc.gov.ro/1/centrul-national-de-coordonare/ Centrul Național de Coordonare] |- | {{Flag|Slovakia}} [[an tSlóvaic]] | [https://cybercompetence.sk/ Cyber Security Competence and Certification Center] (KCCKB) |- | {{Flag|Slovenia}} [[an tSlóivéin]] | [https://www.uiv.gov.si/ncc Office of the Government of the Republic of Slovenia for Information Security] |- | {{Flag|Spain}} [[an Spáinn]] | [https://www.incibe.es/ Instituto Nacional de Ciberseguridad de España] (INCIBE) |- | {{Flag|Sweden}} [[an tSualainn]] | [https://www.msb.se/ Myndigheten för civilt försvar] |} == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = <ref name=iate>{{lua idirlín | url = https://iate.europa.eu/entry/result/3574089/ga | teideal = Téarma: an Lárionad Eorpach Inniúlachta um Thionsclaíocht, Teicneolaíocht agus Taighde Cibearshlándála | foilsitheoir = [[IATE]] | dátarochtana = 26-07-2026}}</ref> <ref name=CELEX:32021R0887>{{lua idirlín | url = https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/GA/ALL/?uri=CELEX:32021R0887 | teideal = Rialachán (AE) 2021/887 ó Pharlaimint na hEorpa agus ón gComhairle an 20 Bealtaine 2021 lena mbunaítear an Lárionad Eorpach um Inniúlachtaí Tionsclaíochta Cibearshlándála, Teicneolaíochta Cibearshlándála agus Taighde Cibearshlándála agus Líonra na Lárionad Náisiúnta Comhordúcháin | foilsitheoir = [[EUR-Lex]] | dátarochtana = 26-07-2026}}</ref> <ref name=:0>{{lua idirlín | dáta = 2020-12-10 | teideal = Bucharest, Romania, will host European Cybersecurity Competence Center | url=https://emerging-europe.com/news/bucharest-to-host-eu-cybersecurity-centre/ | dátarochtana = 2021-08-20 | work = Emerging Europe | teanga = en-US | archive-date=2021-08-20 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210820145743/https://emerging-europe.com/news/bucharest-to-host-eu-cybersecurity-centre/ | url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name=euractiv2020>{{lua idirlín | sloinne = Lungu | ainm = Adrian | dáta = 2020-12-10 | teideal = Bucharest to host EU's new cybersecurity centre | url=https://www.euractiv.com/section/cybersecurity/news/bucharest-to-host-eus-new-cybersecurity-centre/ | dátarochtana = 2021-08-20 | work = [[Euractiv]] | teanga = en-GB | archive-date=2021-07-28 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210728194947/https://www.euractiv.com/section/cybersecurity/news/bucharest-to-host-eus-new-cybersecurity-centre/ | url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name=cscc2021>{{lua idirlín | teideal = Cybersecurity Competence Centre {{!}} Shaping Europe's digital future | url = https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/policies/cybersecurity-competence-centre | dátarochtana = 2021-08-20 | foilsitheoir = [[an Coimisiún Eorpach Commission]] | teanga = en | archive-date=2021-08-27 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210827231853/https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/policies/cybersecurity-competence-centre | url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name=csc>{{lua idirlín | teideal = European Cybersecurity Competence Centre and Network | url = https://cybersecurity-centre.europa.eu/index_en | foilsitheoir = European Commission, Directorate-General for Communications Networks, Content and Technology | dátarochtana = 2022-07-19 | archive-date=2022-07-19 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220719032122/https://cybersecurity-centre.europa.eu/index_en | url-status=live}}</ref> }} [[Catagóir:Gníomhaireachtaí an Aontais Eorpaigh]] {{Gníomhaireachtaí an Aontais Eorpaigh|state=collapsed}} == References == <references /> == External links == * [https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32021R0887 Regulation establishing the European Cybersecurity Industrial, Technology and Research Competence Centre and the Network of National Coordination Centres] {{Agencies, independent bodies and joint undertakings of the European Union and the Euratom}} [[Category:2021 establishments in the European Union]] [[Category:Politics of the European Union]] [[Category:Information technology organizations based in Europe]] [[Category:Executive agencies of the European Commission]] [[Category:Organizations based in Bucharest]] [[Category:Scientific organizations established in 2021]] {{EU-stub}} == Tíreolaíocht == [[Réigiún na Teorann]] === Geografaíocht fhisiceach [[Íomhá:Glencar waterfall01.jpg| thumb | 170px | [[Loch Ghleann an Chairthe|Eas Ghleann an Chairthe]], Liatroim]] '' The region encompasses the entire northwest coast of Ireland along the [[an tAigéan Atlantach]]. Two of Ireland's longest rivers, [[an tSionainn]] and the [[an Éirne]], agus an [[Uiscebhealach na Sionainne is na hÉirne]] eatarthu. Cavan and Monaghan in the east of the region are characterized by a drumlin landscape, with hundreds of loughs interspersed between. [[Loch Aillionn]] in Leitrim is the region's largest lake, at 35 km². '' The west of the region, from [[Teallach Eathach]], County Cavan, to the Atlantic coast is largely rocky and mountainous, with coastal cliffs but also beaches in counties Sligo, Donegal and Leitrim. Leitrim has the smallest coastline of any county, at just 5&nbsp;km in length, while Donegal has the longest, at 1,134&nbsp;km. === Foraoiseacht '' there is a total of 130,345 ha of forest and woodland cover in the Border Region, equating to 11.3% of the region's land area, the national average.<ref name=govagri2017 /> '' Traditionally, the region had a very low cover forest and planting schemes were undertaken by the Department of Agriculture or [[Comhlachtaí státurraithe na hÉireann|comhlachtaí státurraithe]] such as [[Coillte]]. County Leitrim is now Ireland's most forested county at 18.9% forest cover. However, over 50% of Leitrim's forests are in private ownership.<ref name=govagri2006 /> === Aeráid '' Under [[Aicmiú aeráide Köppen]], the region experiences a maritime [[aeráid mheasartha]] [[aeráid aigéanach]], meaning cool winters, mild humid summers, and a lack of temperature extremes. Summer daytime temperatures range between 15°C agus 22°C, rarely going beyond 25°C. While the region generally experiences mild winters, upland areas typically have snow. Humidity is high year round and rainfall ranges from ~1,250&nbsp;mm ([[Marcréidh]], Sligeach) to ~1,000&nbsp;mm ([[Béal Átha hÉis]], Cabhán), evenly distributed throughout the year. <ref name=metclimate /> === Geolaíocht [[Íomhá: Benbulben2.jpg | thumb | 200px | [[Binn Ghulbain]], Contae Shligigh]] '' There are many large mountain ranges and high sea cliffs in the region, such as the [[Sléibhte Dhoire Bheatha]], [[Sliabh Liag]], the [[Binn Chuilceach]] agus [[Binn Ghulbain]]. The region is generally underlain by [[an tOrdaivíseach]] and [[an Siolúrach]] sceallaí agus gréabhacaí, laid down 417-495 million years ago. These are found in eastern Cavan and Monaghan. The bedrock of western Cavan, Leitrim and Sligo is composed mostly of [[carbónmhar]] limestones that were laid roughly 355 million years ago. However, a 1.5 billion year old narrow strip of metamorphosed gneisses extend across Sligo near [[Sliabh Gamh]].<ref name=geocavan /><ref name=geosligo /> '' County Donegal has one of the most complex geologies in Ireland. Much of the county is underlain by [[Réamhchaimbriach]] gneiss, schist and quartzite, laid down during the Grenvillian Orogeny 700 million years ago. The Border Region's highest point, [[An Earagail]], at 751 m, is composed of Precambrian quartzite. '' Ireland's oldest rocks, laid down 1.78 billion years ago, are found on the island of [[Inis Trá Tholl]].<ref name=gsi /> Inis Trá Tholl is Ireland's most northerly island, located approximately 10&nbsp;km north of [[Cionn Mhálanna]], mainland Ireland's most northerly point. '' [[Loch Súilí]] in Donegal is one of Ireland's three fjords. == Buntásc == __NOINDEX__ __NOTOC__ bmihy95f3as51u1xqze4m0od4knnwat 1321803 1321794 2026-07-27T11:43:57Z Marcas.oduinn 33120 /* Liosta de Lárionaid Náisiúnta Comhordúcháin */ 1321803 wikitext text/x-wiki == Ceanntásc == (an t)Údarás um..., (an) G(h)níomhaireacht um... (an) Comhbheartas Talmhaíochta. Cé acu sa teideal? Féach: * [http://www.gaois.ie gaois.ie]. * ''Wikidata list'' [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Wikidata list/Contaetha na hÉireann#Réigiún na hÉireann|Réigiúin na hÉireann]]. === Réigiún === {| class="wikitable" style="width:100%; vertical-align:top;" ! style="width:50%;" | Réigiúin ! style="width:50%;" | Réigiúin NUTS |- | style="text-align:center" | [[Íomhá:IrelandRegions.png | center]] | align=center | [[Íomhá:NUTS3 Boundaries Ireland.png | center]] |- | style="vertical-align:top;" | Réigiúin na hÉireann: * (A) Tuaisceart * (B) Iarthar * (C) Iardheisceart * (D) Oirdheisceart * (E) Oirthear [BÁC] * (F) [[Lár na Tíre (Éire)]] | style="vertical-align:top;" | '''Réigiúin''' NUTS 3 na hÉireann: * [[Réigiún na Teorann|Teorainn]] * [[Réigiún an Iarthair|Iarthar]] * [[Réigiún Lár na Tíre|Lár na Tíre]] * [[Réigiún an Lár-Oirthir|Lár-Oirthear]] * [[Réigiún Bhaile Átha Cliath|Baile Átha Cliath]] * [[Réigiún an Lár-Iarthair|Lár-Iarthar]] * [[Réigiún an Oirdheiscirt|Oirdheisceart]] * [[Réigiún an Iardheiscirt|Iardheisceart]] |} {| |- | [[Íomhá:Newborderregionboundary.png | 80px]]<!--[[Íomhá:Ireland location map Border region.svg | 40px]]--> | [[Íomhá:Ireland location map West region.svg | 80px]] | [[Íomhá:Ireland location map Midlands.svg | 80px]] | [[Íomhá:Mid East Ireland 2018.png | 80px]]<!--[[Íomhá:Ireland location map Mid-East.svg | 40px]]--> | [[Íomhá:Island_of_Ireland_location_map_Dublin.svg | 80px]] | [[Íomhá:Mid-West Region Map Ireland 2018.png | 80px]]<!--[[Íomhá:Mid-West Region Map Ireland 2018.png | 40px]]--> | [[Íomhá:SE Region Ireland 2018.png | 80px]]<!--[[Íomhá:Ireland location map South East.svg | 40px]]--> | [[Íomhá:Ireland location map South West.svg | 80px]] |} === Acrainm === * [[Aicmiú Comhchoiteann na nAonad Críche maidir le Staidreamh|NUTS]] - Acáise * [[Comhordú an Eolais ar an Timpeallacht|CORINE]] - Ceolta * [[CORDIS]] - SeoTaifeach * [[Inter-Active Terminology for Europe|IATE]] - Tighe == Eile == * {{tl|Gníomhaireachtaí an Aontais Eorpaigh|state=collapsed}} * [[Gníomhaireacht Sábháilteachta Eitlíochta an Aontais Eorpaigh]] (2002), [[Institiúid Eorpach um Nuálaíocht agus Teicneolaíocht]] (2008), [[Comhlacht na Rialálaithe Eorpacha um Chumarsáid Leictreonach]] (BEREC) (2009) &leftarrow; (BEREC Office) - [[Gníomhaireacht Tacaíochta BEREC]] (2018), [[an tÚdarás um Páirtithe Polaitiúla Eorpacha agus um Fhondúireachtaí Polaitiúla Eorpacha]] (2016), [[EU-CyCLONe]] (2020), [[Údarás Custaim an Aontais Eorpaigh]] (2026) # [[:en:Executive Agency for Competitiveness and Innovation|Competitiveness and Innovation]] - [[Gníomhaireacht Feidhmiúcháin um Iomaíochas agus Nuálaíocht]] # [[:en:European Cybersecurity Competence Centre|Cybersecurity Competence]] - an [[Lárionad Eorpach Inniúlachta um Thionsclaíocht, Teicneolaíocht agus Taighde Cibearshlándála]] # [[:en:Education, Audiovisual and Culture Executive Agency|Education, Audiovisual and Culture]] - [[Gníomhaireacht Feidhmiúcháin Oideachais, Closamhairc agus Cultúir]] # [[:en:European Climate, Infrastructure and Environment Executive Agency|Climate, Infrastructure and Environment]] - [[Gníomhaireacht Feidhmiúcháin Eorpach um an Aeráid, Bonneagar agus Comhshaol]] # [[:en:European Research Executive Agency|Research]] - [[Gníomhaireacht Feidhmiúcháin Eorpach um Thaighde]] # [[:en:European Research Council Executive Agency|Research Council]] - [[Gníomhaireacht Feidhmiúcháin na Comhairle Eorpaí um Thaighde]] == Lárionad Eorpach Inniúlachta um Thionsclaíocht, Teicneolaíocht agus Taighde Cibearshlándála == {{WD Bosca Sonraí Eagraíochta}} | chief1_name = Miguel González Sancho | chief1_position = Interim Executive Director Is [[gníomhaireachtaí an Aontais Eorpaigh|gníomhaireacht]] an [[Aontas Eorpach|Aontais Eorpaigh]] é an '''Lárionad Eorpach Inniúlachta um Chibearshlándála''' (Béarla: ''European Cybersecurity Competence Centre'' (ECCC)), go hoifigiúil '''an Lárionad Eorpach Inniúlachta um Thionsclaíocht, Teicneolaíocht agus Taighde Cibearshlándála''' (Béarla: ''European Cybersecurity Industrial, Technology and Research Competence Centre'').<ref name=iate /><ref name=CELEX:32021R0887 /> '' headquartered in [[Búcairist]], [[an Rómáin]], tasked with funding and coordinating cybersecurity research projects.<ref name=:0 /><ref name=euractiv2020 /> Plans for the introduction of the ECCC were first announced in 2018 by the European Commission and the regulation to establish the centre was published in 2021.<ref name=:0 /> The ECCC collaborates closely with the Network of National Coordination Centres (NCCs).<ref name=cscc2021 /> == Eagraíocht '' Although the organization of the ECCC is still being established, the planned administrative and governance structure includes: * ''a Governing Board which provides strategic orientation and oversees ECCC activities * ''an Executive Director who is the ECCC’s legal representative and is responsible for its day-to-day management * ''a Strategic Advisory Group that ensures a comprehensive, ongoing and permanent dialogue between the Community and the Competence Centre.<ref name=csc /> === Liosta de Lárionaid Náisiúnta Comhordúcháin === {| class="wikitable" ! Tír ! Lárionad Náisiúnta Comhordúcháin (LNC) |- | {{Flag|Austria}} [[an Ostair]] | [https://www.ncc.gv.at Nationales Koordinierungszentrum Cybersicherheit](NCC-AT) |- | {{Flag|Belgium}} [[an Bheilg]] | [https://ccb.belgium.be/ncc Nationaal Cybersecurity Coördinatiecentrum voor België / Centre national de coordination de la cybersécurité pour la Belgique] (NCC-BE) |- | {{Flag|Bulgaria}} [[an Bhulgáir]] | ''[https://egov.bg/wps/portal/egov/en/your%20europe/home Ministry of Electronic Governance]'' |- | {{Flag|Cyprus}} [[an Chipir]] | [https://dsa.cy/en/ Αρχή Ψηφιακής Ασφάλειας] (DSA) |- | {{Flag|Czech Republic}} [[an tSeicia]] | [https://nukib.gov.cz/en/ Národní centrum kybernetické bezpečnosti] (NCKB) |- | {{Flag|Denmark}} [[an Danmhairg]] | [https://danishbusinessauthority.dk/ Erhvervsstyrelsen] |- | {{Flag|Estonia}} [[an Eastóin]] | [https://www.ria.ee/en Riigi Infosüsteemi Amet] |- | {{Flag|Finland}} [[an Fhionlainn]] | [https://www.kyberturvallisuuskeskus.fi/fi Traficomin Kyberturvallisuuskeskus] (NCSC-FI) |- | {{Flag|France}} [[an Fhrainc]] | [https://cyber.gouv.fr/ l’Agence nationale de la sécurité des systèmes d’information] (ANSSI) |- | {{Flag|Germany}} [[an Ghearmáin]] | [https://www.nkcs.bund.de/de Nationale Koordinierungszentrum für Cybersicherheit] (NKCS)] |- | {{Flag|Greece}} [[an Ghréig]] | [https://cyber.gov.gr/en/ Ελληνικό Οικοσύστημα Κυβερνοασφάλειας] |- | {{Flag|Iceland}} [[an Íoslainn]] | [https://www.government.is/topics/telecommunications/ncc-is/ Eyvör] (NCC-IS) |- | {{Flag|Ireland}} [[Éire]] | ''[https://www.ncsc.gov.ie/ National Cyber Security Centre]'' (NCSC) |- | {{Flag|Italy}} [[an Iodáil]] | [https://www.acn.gov.it/portale/home Agenzia per la Cybersicurezza Nazionale] (ACN) |- | {{Flag|Latvia}} [[an Laitvia]] | [https://www.cyber.gov.lv/lv Nacionālais kiberdrošības centrs] |- | {{Flag|Lithuania}} [[an Liotuáin]] | ''[https://kam.lt/en/national-coordination-center/ National Coordination Center]'' (NCC) |- | {{Flag|Luxembourg}} [[Lucsamburg]] | ''[https://www.securitymadein.lu/agency/ncc/Luxembourg Cybersecurity Coordination Centre] |- | {{Flag|Malta}} [[Málta]] | ''[https://www.mita.gov.mt/ Malta Information Technology Agency] |- | {{Flag|Netherlands}} [[an Ísiltír]] | [https://www.ncsc.nl/ Het Nationaal Cyber Security Centrum] (NCSC) |- | {{Flag|Norway}} [[an Iorua]] | [https://ncc-no.no/ Nasjonale Cybersikkerhet Koordineringssenter] (NCC-NO) |- | {{Flag|Poland}} [[an Pholainn]] | [https://cybersecurity-centre.europa.eu/nccs_en National Cybersecurity Coordination Center Unit in the Chancellery of the Prime Minister] |- | {{Flag|Romania}} [[an Rómáin]] | [https://ncc.gov.ro/1/centrul-national-de-coordonare/ Centrul Național de Coordonare] |- | {{Flag|Slovakia}} [[an tSlóvaic]] | [https://cybercompetence.sk/ Cyber Security Competence and Certification Center] (KCCKB) |- | {{Flag|Slovenia}} [[an tSlóivéin]] | [https://www.uiv.gov.si/ncc Office of the Government of the Republic of Slovenia for Information Security] |- | {{Flag|Spain}} [[an Spáinn]] | [https://www.incibe.es/ Instituto Nacional de Ciberseguridad de España] (INCIBE) |- | {{Flag|Sweden}} [[an tSualainn]] | [https://www.msb.se/ Myndigheten för civilt försvar] |} == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = <ref name=iate>{{lua idirlín | url = https://iate.europa.eu/entry/result/3574089/ga | teideal = Téarma: an Lárionad Eorpach Inniúlachta um Thionsclaíocht, Teicneolaíocht agus Taighde Cibearshlándála | foilsitheoir = [[IATE]] | dátarochtana = 26-07-2026}}</ref> <ref name=CELEX:32021R0887>{{lua idirlín | url = https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/GA/ALL/?uri=CELEX:32021R0887 | teideal = Rialachán (AE) 2021/887 ó Pharlaimint na hEorpa agus ón gComhairle an 20 Bealtaine 2021 lena mbunaítear an Lárionad Eorpach um Inniúlachtaí Tionsclaíochta Cibearshlándála, Teicneolaíochta Cibearshlándála agus Taighde Cibearshlándála agus Líonra na Lárionad Náisiúnta Comhordúcháin | foilsitheoir = [[EUR-Lex]] | dátarochtana = 26-07-2026}}</ref> <ref name=:0>{{lua idirlín | dáta = 2020-12-10 | teideal = Bucharest, Romania, will host European Cybersecurity Competence Center | url=https://emerging-europe.com/news/bucharest-to-host-eu-cybersecurity-centre/ | dátarochtana = 2021-08-20 | work = Emerging Europe | teanga = en-US | archive-date=2021-08-20 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210820145743/https://emerging-europe.com/news/bucharest-to-host-eu-cybersecurity-centre/ | url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name=euractiv2020>{{lua idirlín | sloinne = Lungu | ainm = Adrian | dáta = 2020-12-10 | teideal = Bucharest to host EU's new cybersecurity centre | url=https://www.euractiv.com/section/cybersecurity/news/bucharest-to-host-eus-new-cybersecurity-centre/ | dátarochtana = 2021-08-20 | work = [[Euractiv]] | teanga = en-GB | archive-date=2021-07-28 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210728194947/https://www.euractiv.com/section/cybersecurity/news/bucharest-to-host-eus-new-cybersecurity-centre/ | url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name=cscc2021>{{lua idirlín | teideal = Cybersecurity Competence Centre {{!}} Shaping Europe's digital future | url = https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/policies/cybersecurity-competence-centre | dátarochtana = 2021-08-20 | foilsitheoir = [[an Coimisiún Eorpach Commission]] | teanga = en | archive-date=2021-08-27 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210827231853/https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/policies/cybersecurity-competence-centre | url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name=csc>{{lua idirlín | teideal = European Cybersecurity Competence Centre and Network | url = https://cybersecurity-centre.europa.eu/index_en | foilsitheoir = European Commission, Directorate-General for Communications Networks, Content and Technology | dátarochtana = 2022-07-19 | archive-date=2022-07-19 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220719032122/https://cybersecurity-centre.europa.eu/index_en | url-status=live}}</ref> }} [[Catagóir:Gníomhaireachtaí an Aontais Eorpaigh]] {{Gníomhaireachtaí an Aontais Eorpaigh|state=collapsed}} == References == <references /> == External links == * [https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32021R0887 Regulation establishing the European Cybersecurity Industrial, Technology and Research Competence Centre and the Network of National Coordination Centres] {{Agencies, independent bodies and joint undertakings of the European Union and the Euratom}} [[Category:2021 establishments in the European Union]] [[Category:Politics of the European Union]] [[Category:Information technology organizations based in Europe]] [[Category:Executive agencies of the European Commission]] [[Category:Organizations based in Bucharest]] [[Category:Scientific organizations established in 2021]] {{EU-stub}} == Tíreolaíocht == [[Réigiún na Teorann]] === Geografaíocht fhisiceach [[Íomhá:Glencar waterfall01.jpg| thumb | 170px | [[Loch Ghleann an Chairthe|Eas Ghleann an Chairthe]], Liatroim]] '' The region encompasses the entire northwest coast of Ireland along the [[an tAigéan Atlantach]]. Two of Ireland's longest rivers, [[an tSionainn]] and the [[an Éirne]], agus an [[Uiscebhealach na Sionainne is na hÉirne]] eatarthu. Cavan and Monaghan in the east of the region are characterized by a drumlin landscape, with hundreds of loughs interspersed between. [[Loch Aillionn]] in Leitrim is the region's largest lake, at 35 km². '' The west of the region, from [[Teallach Eathach]], County Cavan, to the Atlantic coast is largely rocky and mountainous, with coastal cliffs but also beaches in counties Sligo, Donegal and Leitrim. Leitrim has the smallest coastline of any county, at just 5&nbsp;km in length, while Donegal has the longest, at 1,134&nbsp;km. === Foraoiseacht '' there is a total of 130,345 ha of forest and woodland cover in the Border Region, equating to 11.3% of the region's land area, the national average.<ref name=govagri2017 /> '' Traditionally, the region had a very low cover forest and planting schemes were undertaken by the Department of Agriculture or [[Comhlachtaí státurraithe na hÉireann|comhlachtaí státurraithe]] such as [[Coillte]]. County Leitrim is now Ireland's most forested county at 18.9% forest cover. However, over 50% of Leitrim's forests are in private ownership.<ref name=govagri2006 /> === Aeráid '' Under [[Aicmiú aeráide Köppen]], the region experiences a maritime [[aeráid mheasartha]] [[aeráid aigéanach]], meaning cool winters, mild humid summers, and a lack of temperature extremes. Summer daytime temperatures range between 15°C agus 22°C, rarely going beyond 25°C. While the region generally experiences mild winters, upland areas typically have snow. Humidity is high year round and rainfall ranges from ~1,250&nbsp;mm ([[Marcréidh]], Sligeach) to ~1,000&nbsp;mm ([[Béal Átha hÉis]], Cabhán), evenly distributed throughout the year. <ref name=metclimate /> === Geolaíocht [[Íomhá: Benbulben2.jpg | thumb | 200px | [[Binn Ghulbain]], Contae Shligigh]] '' There are many large mountain ranges and high sea cliffs in the region, such as the [[Sléibhte Dhoire Bheatha]], [[Sliabh Liag]], the [[Binn Chuilceach]] agus [[Binn Ghulbain]]. The region is generally underlain by [[an tOrdaivíseach]] and [[an Siolúrach]] sceallaí agus gréabhacaí, laid down 417-495 million years ago. These are found in eastern Cavan and Monaghan. The bedrock of western Cavan, Leitrim and Sligo is composed mostly of [[carbónmhar]] limestones that were laid roughly 355 million years ago. However, a 1.5 billion year old narrow strip of metamorphosed gneisses extend across Sligo near [[Sliabh Gamh]].<ref name=geocavan /><ref name=geosligo /> '' County Donegal has one of the most complex geologies in Ireland. Much of the county is underlain by [[Réamhchaimbriach]] gneiss, schist and quartzite, laid down during the Grenvillian Orogeny 700 million years ago. The Border Region's highest point, [[An Earagail]], at 751 m, is composed of Precambrian quartzite. '' Ireland's oldest rocks, laid down 1.78 billion years ago, are found on the island of [[Inis Trá Tholl]].<ref name=gsi /> Inis Trá Tholl is Ireland's most northerly island, located approximately 10&nbsp;km north of [[Cionn Mhálanna]], mainland Ireland's most northerly point. '' [[Loch Súilí]] in Donegal is one of Ireland's three fjords. == Buntásc == __NOINDEX__ __NOTOC__ chhpgkbmp7a7orm6ql6p60ofmnac8c9 0 120797 1321783 1318347 2026-07-26T23:40:16Z ListeriaBot 25319 Wikidata list updated [V2] 1321783 wikitext text/x-wiki Tá ag an [[Aontas Eorpach]] agus [[Euratom]] '''gníomhaireachtaí,''' comhlachtaí neamhspleácha díláraithe, agus gnóthais chomhpháirteacha,<ref name=cineálacha /> bunaithe le pearsantacht dlítheanach trí reachtaíocht thánaisteacht, agus curtha de chúram orthu réimse teoranta ar leith oibre.<ref name=about /> Is cuid de chnuasach níos leithne de {{h|comhlachtaí an Aontais Eorpaigh agus Euratom}} agus dá bharr '''ní hionann iad''' agus: * seacht [[Forais an Aontais Eorpaigh|bpríomh-chomhlachtaí]] (institiúidí) an AE * comhlachtaí an AE bunaithe trí reachtaíocht phríomha * comhlachtaí eile, beag beann ar ar bunaíodh iad nó trí reachtaíochta phríomha nó tánaisteacht, gan {{h|pearsantacht dlítheanach}}, .i. na [[Comhlachtaí comhairleacha an Aontais Eorpaigh|comhlachtaí comhairleacha]], na hoifigí neamhspleácha atá ag aon duine amháin, agus seirbhísí idirinstitiúideacha * na heagraíochtaí pan-AE, beag beann ar a bpearsantacht dlítheanach, nach meastar gur comh-chomhlachtaí an AE nó Euratom iad == Liosta Wikidata == {{Wikidata list | sparql = SELECT ?item ?itemLabel ?bunDáta ?tírLabel ?lógó WHERE { ?item wdt:P31 wd:Q112827555. OPTIONAL { ?item wdt:P571 ?bunDáta. } OPTIONAL { ?item wdt:P17 ?tír. } OPTIONAL { ?item wdt:P154 ?lógó. } FILTER NOT EXISTS { ?item wdt:P576 ?abolishedDate. } SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language "ga,en". } } ORDER BY (?itemLabel) | columns = number:#, P154:Lógó, label:Gníomhaireacht, P17:Tír, P571:Bundáta | }} {| class='wikitable sortable' ! # ! Lógó ! Gníomhaireacht ! Tír ! Bundáta |- | style='text-align:right'| 1 | [[Íomhá:ECDC symbol.svg|center|128px]] | [[An Lárionad Eorpach um Chosc agus Rialú Galar]] | [[an tSualainn]] | data-sort-value="2004" | 2004-09-28 |- | style='text-align:right'| 2 | [[Íomhá:European Banking Authority logo 2023.svg|center|128px]] | [[An tÚdarás Baincéireachta Eorpach]] | [[an Fhrainc]] | data-sort-value="2011" | 2011-11-25 |- | style='text-align:right'| 3 | [[Íomhá:Logo European Labour Authority.png|center|128px]] | [[An tÚdarás Eorpach Saothair]] | [[an tSlóvaic]] | data-sort-value="2019" | 2019-06-20 |- | style='text-align:right'| 4 | [[Íomhá:EFSA logo.svg|center|128px]] | [[An tÚdarás Eorpach um Shábháilteacht Bia]] | [[an Iodáil]] | data-sort-value="2002" | 2002-02-21 |- | style='text-align:right'| 5 | [[Íomhá:ESMALogo.png|center|128px]] | [[An tÚdarás Eorpach um Urrúis agus Margaí]] | [[an Fhrainc]] | data-sort-value="2011" | 2011-01-01 |- | style='text-align:right'| 6 | | [[An tÚdarás Eorpach um Árachas agus Pinsin Cheirde]] | [[an Ghearmáin]] | data-sort-value="2011" | 2011-01-01 |- | style='text-align:right'| 7 | [[Íomhá:AMLA logo.svg|center|128px]] | [[An tÚdarás um an Sciúradh Airgid a Chomhrac|An tÚdarás um Fhrithsciúradh Airgid]] | [[an Ghearmáin]] | data-sort-value="2024" | 2024-06-26 |- | style='text-align:right'| 8 | [[Íomhá:SRB logo 2021.svg|center|128px]] | [[Bord Réitigh Aonair]] | [[an Bheilg]] | data-sort-value="2015" | 2015-01 |- | style='text-align:right'| 9 | [[Íomhá:Europol logo.svg|center|128px]] | [[Europol]] | [[an Ísiltír]] | data-sort-value="1998" | 1998-10-01 |- | style='text-align:right'| 10 | | [[Foras Eorpach chun Dálaí Maireachtála agus Oibre a Fheabhsú]] | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éire]] | data-sort-value="1975" | 1975-06-02 |- | style='text-align:right'| 11 | [[Íomhá:Logo of the European Environment Agency.svg|center|128px]] | [[Gníomhaireacht Chomhshaoil Eorpach]] | [[an Danmhairg]] | data-sort-value="1990" | 1990-05-07 |- | style='text-align:right'| 12 | [[Íomhá:EUDA.svg|center|128px]] | [[Gníomhaireacht Drugaí an Aontais Eorpaigh]] | [[an Phortaingéil]] | data-sort-value="1993" | 1993 |- | style='text-align:right'| 13 | [[Íomhá:ECHA Logo.svg|center|128px]] | [[Gníomhaireacht Eorpach Ceimiceán]] | [[an Fhionlainn]] | data-sort-value="2007" | 2007 |- | style='text-align:right'| 14 | [[Íomhá:EFCA logo.svg|center|128px]] | [[Gníomhaireacht Eorpach um Rialú ar Iascach]] | [[an Spáinn]] | data-sort-value="2005" | 2005-04-26 |- | style='text-align:right'| 15 | [[Íomhá:European Maritime Safety Agency (EMSA) logo.png|center|128px]] | [[Gníomhaireacht Eorpach um Shábháilteacht Mhuirí]] | [[an Phortaingéil]] | data-sort-value="2002" | 2002-08-25 |- | style='text-align:right'| 16 | [[Íomhá:Europäische Agentur für Sicherheit und Gesundheitsschutz am Arbeitsplatz logo.svg|center|128px]] | [[Gníomhaireacht Eorpach um Shábháilteacht agus Sláinte ag an Obair]] | [[an Spáinn]] | data-sort-value="1994" | 1994-07-18 |- | style='text-align:right'| 17 | [[Íomhá:FRONT3X-Logo.png|center|128px]] | [[Frontex|Gníomhaireacht Eorpach um an nGarda Teorann agus Cósta]] | [[an Pholainn]] | data-sort-value="2016" | 2016-10-07 |- | style='text-align:right'| 18 | [[Íomhá:ERA-rgb-300dpi.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Gníomhaireacht Iarnróid an Aontais Eorpaigh]] | [[an Fhrainc]] | data-sort-value="2004" | 2004-04-29 |- | style='text-align:right'| 19 | [[Íomhá:EMAseal.png|center|128px]] | [[Gníomhaireacht Leigheasra Eorpach]] | [[an Ísiltír]] | data-sort-value="1995" | 1995 |- | style='text-align:right'| 20 | [[Íomhá:EASA Logo.svg|center|128px]] | [[Gníomhaireacht Sábháilteachta Eitlíochta an Aontais Eorpaigh]] | [[an Ghearmáin]] | data-sort-value="2003" | 2003-09-28 |- | style='text-align:right'| 21 | [[Íomhá:BEREC logo.png|center|128px]] | ''[[:d:Q107658738|Gníomhaireacht Tacaíochta BEREC]]'' | [[an Laitvia]] | data-sort-value="2009" | 2009 |- | style='text-align:right'| 22 | [[Íomhá:EU-FRA-logo.svg|center|128px]] | [[Gníomhaireacht an Aontais Eorpaigh um Chearta Bunúsacha]] | [[an Ostair]] | data-sort-value="2007" | 2007-02-15 |- | style='text-align:right'| 23 | [[Íomhá:ENISA logo.png|center|128px]] | [[Gníomhaireacht an Aontais Eorpaigh um Chibearshlándáil]] | [[an Ghréig]] | data-sort-value="2004" | 2004-03-13 |- | style='text-align:right'| 24 | [[Íomhá:Eurojust 2022 logo.svg|center|128px]] | [[Eurojust|Gníomhaireacht an Aontais Eorpaigh um Chomhar Ceartais Choiriúil]] | [[an Ísiltír]] | data-sort-value="2002" | 2002-02-28 |- | style='text-align:right'| 25 | [[Íomhá:EU Acer Logo.png|center|128px]] | [[Gníomhaireacht an Aontais Eorpaigh um Chomhar idir Rialálaithe Fuinnimh]] | [[an tSlóivéin]] | data-sort-value="2009" | 2009-07-13 |- | style='text-align:right'| 26 | [[Íomhá:Logo of the European Union Agency for Law Enforcement Training (colour, full name).png|center|128px]] | [[Gníomhaireacht an Aontais Eorpaigh um Oiliúint i bhForfheidhmiú an Dlí]] | [[an Ungáir]] | data-sort-value="2000" | 2000-12-23 |- | style='text-align:right'| 27 | [[Íomhá:EUAA Logo.png|center|128px]] | [[Gníomhaireacht an Aontais Eorpaigh um Thearmann]] | [[Málta]] | data-sort-value="2010" | 2010 |- | style='text-align:right'| 28 | [[Íomhá:EUSPA Logo.svg|center|128px]] | [[Gníomhaireacht an Aontais Eorpaigh um an gClár Spáis]] | [[An tSeic|an tSeicia]] | data-sort-value="2021" | 2021-04-28<br/>2004-07-12 |- | style='text-align:right'| 29 | [[Íomhá:EU-LISA logo.svg|center|128px]] | [[Eu-LISA|Gníomhaireacht de chuid an Aontais Eorpaigh chun Bainistiú Oibríochtúil a dhéanamh ar Chórais Mhórscála TF sa Limistéar Saoirse, Slándála agus Ceartais]] | [[an Eastóin]] | data-sort-value="2011" | 2011-10-25 |- | style='text-align:right'| 30 | [[Íomhá:EIGE Logo.png|center|128px]] | [[Institiúid Eorpach um Chomhionannas Inscne]] | [[an Liotuáin]] | data-sort-value="2006" | 2006-12-20 |- | style='text-align:right'| 31 | [[Íomhá:Logo-EU-CdT.svg|center|128px]] | [[Ionad Aistriúcháin Chomhlachtaí an Aontais Eorpaigh]] | [[Lucsamburg]] | data-sort-value="1994" | 1994 |- | style='text-align:right'| 32 | [[Íomhá:EUIPO logo in English.svg|center|128px]] | [[Oifig Maoine Intleachtúla an Aontais Eorpaigh|Oifig Maoine Intleachtúla an Aontais Eorpach]] | [[an Spáinn]] | data-sort-value="1994" | 1994-03-15 |- | style='text-align:right'| 33 | [[Íomhá:Community Plant Variety Office logo.svg|center|128px]] | [[Oifig an Chomhphobail um Chineálacha Plandaí|Oifig an Chomhphobail maidir le Cineálacha Plandaí]] | [[an Fhrainc]] | data-sort-value="1995" | 1995-04-27 |- | style='text-align:right'| 34 | [[Íomhá:ETF logo.svg|center|128px]] | [[Foras Eorpach Oiliúna|an Foras Oiliúna na hEorpa]] | [[an Iodáil]] | data-sort-value="1993" | 1993-11-30 |- | style='text-align:right'| 35 | [[Íomhá:European Institute of Innovation and Technology logo.png|center|128px]] | [[Institiúid Eorpach um Nuálaíocht agus Teicneolaíocht|an Institiúid Eorpach um Nuálaíocht agus Teicneolaíocht]] | [[an Ungáir]] | data-sort-value="2008" | 2008-04-11<br/>2008 |- | style='text-align:right'| 36 | [[Íomhá:CEDEFOP vector logo.svg|center|128px]] | [[an Lárionad Eorpach um Fhorbairt na Gairmoiliúna]] | [[an Ghréig]] | data-sort-value="1975" | 1975-02-16 |- | style='text-align:right'| 37 | | [[Údarás Custaim an Aontais Eorpaigh]] | [[an Fhrainc]] | |} {{Wikidata list end}} == Tagairtí == {{reflist | refs = <ref name=cineálacha>{{lua idirlín | url = https://european-union.europa.eu/institutions-law-budget/institutions-and-bodies/types-institutions-and-bodies_ga | teideal = Cineálacha institiúidí agus comhlachtaí | foilsitheoir = Aontas Eorpach | dátarochtana = 19-03-2026}}</ref> <ref name=about>{{lua idirlín | url = https://european-union.europa.eu/principles-countries-history_ga| teideal = Prionsabail, Ballstáit, stair | dáta = 5ú Iúil 2016 | work = An tAontas Eorpach | dátarochtana = 29ú Márta 2014 | archive-date = 7ú Bealtaine 2023 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20230507081436/http://europa.eu/about-eu/agencies/index_en.htm | url-status = live}}</ref> }} {{síol-eu}} [[Catagóir:Gníomhaireachtaí an Aontais Eorpaigh| ]] e119rfv2gaf6u0ihrievle9f0lt3ptl 0 122159 1321781 1291504 2026-07-26T23:30:36Z InternetArchiveBot 47196 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1321781 wikitext text/x-wiki {{WD Bosca Sonraí Carachtar}} Is carachtar ficsin agus príomhphearsa é '''Jack Bauer''' ar an sraith teilifíse [[Fox Broadcasting Company|Fox]], ''[[24 (sraith teilifíse)|24]].'' Dé ghnáth, bíonn obair Bauer bunaithe ar mhórionsaí sceimhlitheoireachta a chosc sna [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]], ag tarrtháil saolta sibhialtach, agus riaracháin rialtais. Is é an t-aisteoir [[Kiefer Sutherland]] mar Jack Bauer sa sraith teilifíse agus an físchluiche. I ndiaidh ocht shéasúr rathúil a chríochnaigh ar 24ú Bealtaine, 2010, tugadh an sraith ar ais do naoú sheasúr, a eisíodh ar an 5ú Bealtaine, 2014.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://tvline.com/2014/01/13/24-live-another-day-premiere-date/|teideal=Fox Announces Spring Premiere Dates for 24: Live Another Day, Surviving Jack and More|údar=Michael Ausiello|dáta=2014-01-13|language=en-US|work=TVLine|dátarochtana=2025-12-26|archivedate=2018-10-03|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20181003171702/https://tvline.com/2014/01/13/24-live-another-day-premiere-date/}}</ref> Ba chóir go n-eiseofar scannán; ach cuireadh deireadh leis an chomhrá mar gheall ar easaontas conraidh le Fox. == Tagairtí == <references /> {{Síol}} 9a3om3uiz1i23bsa30obvr25fy9o7pd 0 123330 1321745 1301833 2026-07-26T22:22:42Z TGcoa 21229 1321745 wikitext text/x-wiki {{WD Bosca Sonraí Duine}} Is iriseoir as Iarthar Bhéal Feirste é '''Vincent Kearney''' (a rugadh ar an 1 Meitheamh 1965). Ceapadh é mar Eagarthóir Thuaisceart Éireann le Nuacht RTÉ in Aibreán 2021, mar chomharba ar [[Tommie Gorman]].<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://about.rte.ie/2021/01/29/rte-news-announces-vincent-kearney-as-new-northern-ireland-editor/|teideal=RTÉ News announces Vincent Kearney as new Northern Ireland Editor|údar=RTÉ|dáta=2021-01-29|language=en-GB|work=About RTÉ|dátarochtana=2026-02-26}}</ref><ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.rte.ie/author/1031458-vincent-kearney/|teideal=Vincent Kearney|údar=Vincent Kearney Northern Editor|dáta=2022-02-09|language=en|work=RTE.ie|dátarochtana=2026-02-26}}</ref> Nuair a bhí Kearney ina chomhfhreagraí slándála ag an BBC a rinne MI5, an PSNI agus tríothu sin an MET, póilíní Londan, faireachas air. Theastaigh uathu a fháil amach cá raibh sé ag fáil eolais faoi na póilíní agus seirbhísí slándála eile. Bhain siad leas as bealaí mídhleathacha ina gcuid spiaireachta. Is faoi dhlí a ritheadh chun déileáil le sceimhlitheoirí a rinneadh brathadóireacht ar Vincent Kearney.<ref name=":0">{{Lua idirlín|url=https://tuairisc.ie/bua-do-vincent-kearney-agus-don-iriseoireacht-ach-tuilleadh-de-dhith/|teideal=Bua do Vincent Kearney agus don iriseoireacht, ach tuilleadh de dhíth|údar=Póilín Ní Chiaráin|dáta=26 Iúil 2026|language=ga-IE|work=Tuairisc.ie|dátarochtana=2026-07-26}}</ref> == Gairm == D'oibrigh Kearney mar thuairisceoir agus léiritheoir do nuacht agus chláir faisnéise leis an BBC, lena n-áirítear ceithre bliana le clár ''Spotlight'' ar [[BBC Thuaisceart Éireann]]. Bhí sé ina Chomhfhreagraí Gnóthaí Baile le BBC Thuaisceart Éireann i mBéal Feirste ó Aibreán 2006 go 2019, ina Chomhfhreagraí Thuaisceart Éireann leis an ''Sunday Times'', agus d'oibrigh sé leis an ''Belfast Telegraph'' ar feadh naoi mbliana. Ba iar-Iriseoir na Bliana é i dTuaisceart Éireann.<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.newsletter.co.uk/news/politics/former-bbc-ni-journalist-vincent-kearney-named-rtes-new-northern-editor-3117115|teideal=Former BBC NI journalist Vincent Kearney named RTE’s new northern editor|dáta=2021-01-29|language=en|work=Belfast News Letter|dátarochtana=2026-02-26}}</ref> Ceapadh Kearney mar Chomhfhreagraí Thuaisceart Éireann le RTÉ in Eanáir 2019. === MI5 ag cúléisteacht teileafóin === Tháinig an bhrathadóireacht ar Kearney chun solais nuair a bhí cás Barry McCaffrey agus Trevor Birney faoi bhráid an Bhinse. Chuaigh siadsan chun na cúirte i ngeall ar an íde a d’fhulaing siad i dtaca leis an scannán ‘No Stone Unturned’ faoi fhaillí agus claonpháirteachas na bpóilíní i [[sléacht Loch an Oileáin]] i 1994. Ansin tháinig sé chun solais le linn imeachtaí ag an m[[Binse Cumhachtaí Iniúchta]] i Londain go ndearnadh [[Oibríochtaí faireachais de chuid na SPTÉ ar iriseoirí i dTuaisceart Éireann|monatóireacht neamhdhleathach]] ar Kearney ar dhá ócáid idir 2006 agus 2009.<ref name="bbc-mi5-illegaly-obtained-data">{{Cite news |title=MI5 'illegally obtained data' from ex-BBC journalist's phone |last=Simpson |first=Mark |date=2025-09-15 |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c8xrglyxy12o |access-date=2025-09-20 |publisher=[[BBC News]]}}</ref> Cuid d'fheachtas fada, leanúnach agus neamhdhleathach a bhí sa mhonatóireacht a rinne seirbhísí faisnéise na Breataine ar Kearney. Theastaigh uathu fáil amach cé na foinsí a bhí aige maidir le scéalta nuachta áirithe. Chruthaigh an SPTÉ próifíl mhionsonraithe de dhintiúir phearsanta agus phroifisiúnta Kearney, sonraí faoina bhean chéile agus máthair a chéile san áireamh. <ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Monatóireacht neamhdhleathach déanta ar iriseoir i mBéal Feirste|url=https://www.rte.ie/news/nuacht/2026/0225/1560389-monatoireacht-neamhdhleathach-deanta-ar-iriseoir-i-mbeal-feirste/|date=2026-02-25|language=ga-IE|author=Nuacht RTÉ}}</ref> Thug Póilín Ní Chiaráin le fios "''Ní mór don Státrúnaí [[Hilary Benn]] a dhul i ngleic leis na ceisteanna seo, go práinneach. Ní iriseoirí ag tochras ar a gceirtlín féin atá i gceist. Tá iriseoireacht neamhspleách, neamheaglach ag croílár an daonlathais agus tá póilíneacht d’ardchaighdeán a thuilleann tacaíocht an phobail dlite do gach saoránach. Tá fiosrú poiblí neamhspleách á éileamh ag Amnesty. Is cinnte go bhfuil gníomhartha riachtanach: i bhfianaise na rúin a scaoileadh le deireanas agus na rúin atá a fhios againn a ceileadh, ní fhuasclóidh briathra an ghéarchéim. Cé a chreidfeadh na briathra''?" <ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://tuairisc.ie/an-bhfuil-an-psni-eirithe-as-iompar-neamhdhleathach-in-aghaidh-iriseoiri/|teideal=An bhfuil an PSNI éirithe as iompar neamhdhleathach in aghaidh iriseoirí?|dáta=2026-03-01|language=ga-IE|work=Tuairisc.ie|dátarochtana=2026-07-26}}</ref> {{Príomhalt|Oibríochtaí faireachais de chuid na SPTÉ ar iriseoirí i dTuaisceart Éireann}}Rialaigh Binse Fiosraithe, an IPT, a scrúdaíonn conas a fheidhmíonn seirbhísí faisnéise, gur bailíodh sonraí an iriseora go mídhleathach. D’ordaigh do MI5 £10,000 a íoc le Vincent Kearney agus tugadh an t-ordú céanna don PSNI; £20,000 ar fad. Cé nach ar mhaithe le cúiteamh airgid a thóg Kearney agus an BBC an cás, ba chéim suntasach é go mb’éigean do MI5 admháil a dhéanamh agus cúiteamh a íoc den chéad uair ariamh.<ref name=":0" /> Dúirt an BBC go raibh siad páirteach sa gcás mar gur chuid bhunúsach den daonlathas í saoirse iriseoireachta. Bhí iompar MI5 agus an PSNI mícheart, chuir sé sciath chosanta agus muinín san iriseoireacht i mbaol agus caithfear a chinntiú nach dtarlóidh sé arís, a dúradar. Bhí ceardchumann na n-iriseoirí an NUJ ag éileamh fiosrú poiblí. Is deacair muinín a chur i ngeallúintí nuair is baolach go raibh an faireachas forleathan. Ní raibh sna cinntí ón IPT faoi McCaffrey agus Birney agus ansin Vincent Kearney ach tús.<ref name=":0" /> == Pearsanta == Tá cónaí ar Kearney agus ar a bhean chéile Louise i Lorgain, Co. Ard Mhacha. == Tagairtí == {{reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Kearney, Vincent }} [[Catagóir:Iriseoirí Éireannacha]] [[Catagóir:Daoine as Béal Feirste]] [[Catagóir:Daoine a rugadh i 1965]] [[Catagóir:Daoine beo]] [[Catagóir:Lucht RTÉ]] [[Catagóir:Lucht BBC]] 7s3m7y2c0x6siw49bjtx9z5ewbq0q7f 1321746 1321745 2026-07-26T22:25:10Z TGcoa 21229 1321746 wikitext text/x-wiki {{WD Bosca Sonraí Duine}} Is iriseoir as Iarthar Bhéal Feirste é '''Vincent Kearney''' (a rugadh ar an 1 Meitheamh 1965). Ceapadh é mar Eagarthóir Thuaisceart Éireann le Nuacht RTÉ in Aibreán 2021, mar chomharba ar [[Tommie Gorman]].<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://about.rte.ie/2021/01/29/rte-news-announces-vincent-kearney-as-new-northern-ireland-editor/|teideal=RTÉ News announces Vincent Kearney as new Northern Ireland Editor|údar=RTÉ|dáta=2021-01-29|language=en-GB|work=About RTÉ|dátarochtana=2026-02-26}}</ref><ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.rte.ie/author/1031458-vincent-kearney/|teideal=Vincent Kearney|údar=Vincent Kearney Northern Editor|dáta=2022-02-09|language=en|work=RTE.ie|dátarochtana=2026-02-26}}</ref> Nuair a bhí Kearney ina chomhfhreagraí slándála ag an BBC a rinne MI5, an PSNI agus tríothu sin an MET, póilíní Londan, faireachas air. Theastaigh uathu a fháil amach cá raibh sé ag fáil eolais faoi na póilíní agus seirbhísí slándála eile. Bhain siad leas as bealaí mídhleathacha ina gcuid spiaireachta. Is faoi dhlí a ritheadh chun déileáil le sceimhlitheoirí a rinneadh brathadóireacht ar Vincent Kearney.<ref name=":0">{{Lua idirlín|url=https://tuairisc.ie/bua-do-vincent-kearney-agus-don-iriseoireacht-ach-tuilleadh-de-dhith/|teideal=Bua do Vincent Kearney agus don iriseoireacht, ach tuilleadh de dhíth|údar=Póilín Ní Chiaráin|dáta=26 Iúil 2026|language=ga-IE|work=Tuairisc.ie|dátarochtana=2026-07-26}}</ref> == Gairm == D'oibrigh Kearney mar thuairisceoir agus léiritheoir do nuacht agus chláir faisnéise leis an BBC, lena n-áirítear ceithre bliana le clár ''Spotlight'' ar [[BBC Thuaisceart Éireann]]. Bhí sé ina Chomhfhreagraí Gnóthaí Baile le BBC Thuaisceart Éireann i mBéal Feirste ó Aibreán 2006 go 2019, ina Chomhfhreagraí Thuaisceart Éireann leis an ''Sunday Times'', agus d'oibrigh sé leis an ''Belfast Telegraph'' ar feadh naoi mbliana. Ba iar-Iriseoir na Bliana é i dTuaisceart Éireann.<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.newsletter.co.uk/news/politics/former-bbc-ni-journalist-vincent-kearney-named-rtes-new-northern-editor-3117115|teideal=Former BBC NI journalist Vincent Kearney named RTE’s new northern editor|dáta=2021-01-29|language=en|work=Belfast News Letter|dátarochtana=2026-02-26}}</ref> Ceapadh Kearney mar Chomhfhreagraí Thuaisceart Éireann le RTÉ in Eanáir 2019. === MI5 ag cúléisteacht teileafóin === Tháinig an bhrathadóireacht ar Kearney chun solais nuair a bhí cás Barry McCaffrey agus Trevor Birney faoi bhráid an Bhinse. Chuaigh siadsan chun na cúirte i ngeall ar an íde a d’fhulaing siad i dtaca leis an scannán ‘No Stone Unturned’ faoi fhaillí agus claonpháirteachas na bpóilíní i [[sléacht Loch an Oileáin]] i 1994. Ansin tháinig sé chun solais le linn imeachtaí ag an m[[Binse Cumhachtaí Iniúchta]] i Londain go ndearnadh [[Oibríochtaí faireachais de chuid na SPTÉ ar iriseoirí i dTuaisceart Éireann|monatóireacht neamhdhleathach]] ar Kearney ar dhá ócáid idir 2006 agus 2009.<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c8xrglyxy12o|teideal=MI5 'illegally obtained communications data' from phone of former BBC journalist Vincent Kearney|dáta=2025-09-15|language=en-GB|work=www.bbc.com|dátarochtana=2026-07-26}}</ref> Cuid d'fheachtas fada, leanúnach agus neamhdhleathach a bhí sa mhonatóireacht a rinne seirbhísí faisnéise na Breataine ar Kearney. Theastaigh uathu fáil amach cé na foinsí a bhí aige maidir le scéalta nuachta áirithe. Chruthaigh an SPTÉ próifíl mhionsonraithe de dhintiúir phearsanta agus phroifisiúnta Kearney, sonraí faoina bhean chéile agus máthair a chéile san áireamh. <ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Monatóireacht neamhdhleathach déanta ar iriseoir i mBéal Feirste|url=https://www.rte.ie/news/nuacht/2026/0225/1560389-monatoireacht-neamhdhleathach-deanta-ar-iriseoir-i-mbeal-feirste/|date=2026-02-25|language=ga-IE|author=Nuacht RTÉ}}</ref> Thug Póilín Ní Chiaráin le fios "''Ní mór don Státrúnaí [[Hilary Benn]] a dhul i ngleic leis na ceisteanna seo, go práinneach. Ní iriseoirí ag tochras ar a gceirtlín féin atá i gceist. Tá iriseoireacht neamhspleách, neamheaglach ag croílár an daonlathais agus tá póilíneacht d’ardchaighdeán a thuilleann tacaíocht an phobail dlite do gach saoránach. Tá fiosrú poiblí neamhspleách á éileamh ag Amnesty. Is cinnte go bhfuil gníomhartha riachtanach: i bhfianaise na rúin a scaoileadh le deireanas agus na rúin atá a fhios againn a ceileadh, ní fhuasclóidh briathra an ghéarchéim. Cé a chreidfeadh na briathra''?" <ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://tuairisc.ie/an-bhfuil-an-psni-eirithe-as-iompar-neamhdhleathach-in-aghaidh-iriseoiri/|teideal=An bhfuil an PSNI éirithe as iompar neamhdhleathach in aghaidh iriseoirí?|dáta=2026-03-01|language=ga-IE|work=Tuairisc.ie|dátarochtana=2026-07-26}}</ref> {{Príomhalt|Oibríochtaí faireachais de chuid na SPTÉ ar iriseoirí i dTuaisceart Éireann}} Rialaigh Binse Fiosraithe, an IPT, a scrúdaíonn conas a fheidhmíonn seirbhísí faisnéise, gur bailíodh sonraí an iriseora go mídhleathach. D’ordaigh do MI5 £10,000 a íoc le Vincent Kearney agus tugadh an t-ordú céanna don PSNI; £20,000 ar fad. Cé nach ar mhaithe le cúiteamh airgid a thóg Kearney agus an BBC an cás, ba chéim suntasach é go mb’éigean do MI5 admháil a dhéanamh agus cúiteamh a íoc den chéad uair ariamh.<ref name=":0" /> Dúirt an BBC go raibh siad páirteach sa gcás mar gur chuid bhunúsach den daonlathas í saoirse iriseoireachta. Bhí iompar MI5 agus an PSNI mícheart, chuir sé sciath chosanta agus muinín san iriseoireacht i mbaol agus caithfear a chinntiú nach dtarlóidh sé arís, a dúradar. Bhí ceardchumann na n-iriseoirí an NUJ ag éileamh fiosrú poiblí. Is deacair muinín a chur i ngeallúintí nuair is baolach go raibh an faireachas forleathan. Ní raibh sna cinntí ón IPT faoi McCaffrey agus Birney agus ansin Vincent Kearney ach tús.<ref name=":0" /> == Pearsanta == Tá cónaí ar Kearney agus ar a bhean chéile Louise i Lorgain, Co. Ard Mhacha. == Tagairtí == {{reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Kearney, Vincent }} [[Catagóir:Iriseoirí Éireannacha]] [[Catagóir:Daoine as Béal Feirste]] [[Catagóir:Daoine a rugadh i 1965]] [[Catagóir:Daoine beo]] [[Catagóir:Lucht RTÉ]] [[Catagóir:Lucht BBC]] sng0oh074sxpy5ymb5ihs4lyly8x122 0 123825 1321786 1301159 2026-07-27T02:58:28Z CommonsDelinker 440 Ag baint [[:Íomhá:2025-10-26_15-27-18_ILCE-7C_DSC15252_Kiri_DxO.jpg|2025-10-26_15-27-18_ILCE-7C_DSC15252_Kiri_DxO.jpg]] amach, agus ag chur [[:Íomhá:Cosplay_of_the_Green_Goblin_at_Brussels_Comic_Con_2025.jpg|Cosplay_of_the_Green_Goblin_at_Brussels_Comic_C 1321786 wikitext text/x-wiki {{WD Bosca Sonraí Carachtar}} [[Íomhá:Cosplay of the Green Goblin at Brussels Comic Con 2025.jpg|mion|clé]] [[Íomhá:C2E2 2014 Contest - Iron Patriot (14085852336).jpg|mion|clé]] Carachtar de chuid [[Marvel Comics]] is ea '''Norman Osborn''' ('''[[Green Goblin]]'''; '''Iron Patriot'''; '''Gold Goblin'''). == Liosta leabhair == * ''[[Spider-Man: Revenge of the Green Goblin]]'' * ''[[Green Goblin Reborn!]]'' * ''[[The Night Gwen Stacy Died]]'' * ''[[Clone Saga]]'' * ''[[The Gathering of Five]]'' * ''[[The Final Chapter]]'' * ''[[Ultimate Spider-Man]]'' * ''[[New Ways to Die]]'' * ''[[Secret Invasion]]'' * ''[[Dark Reign]]'' * ''[[Siege]]'' * ''[[The Goblin Nation]]'' * ''[[Go Down Swinging]]'' * ''[[Osborn: Evil Incarcerated]]'' * ''[[Red Goblin: Red Death]]'' * ''[[Gold Goblin]]'' * ''[[Spider-Versity]]'' == Tagairtí == {{reflist}} {{síol}} {{Spider-Man}} [[Catagóir:Spider-Man]] [[Catagóir:Carachtair fhicseanúla]] [[Catagóir:Sár-na n-olcadóirí]] [[Catagóir:Sárlaochra]] ifvkdu6v216biuxqw8kv38y8dm6j8rz 14 125754 1321771 1310029 2026-07-26T23:03:41Z Taghdtaighde 60452 Sórtáil 1321771 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Catagóir:Catagóirí de réir topaic|Scribhneoiri]] [[Catagóir:Scríbhneoirí| Reimse abhair]] 4a98xce48o4a2o3liyyrr1p2su1ddj6 14 126281 1321770 1320317 2026-07-26T23:03:29Z Taghdtaighde 60452 Catagóir curtha leis 1321770 wikitext text/x-wiki {{DEFAULTSORT:Scribhneoiri mna de reir naisiuntachta}} [[Catagóir:Mná de réir slí bheatha agus náisiúntachta]] [[Catagóir:Scríbhneoirí de réir náisiúntachta|-Mna]] [[Catagóir:Scríbhneoirí de réir tíre|-Mna]] [[Catagóir:Scríbhneoirí mná|Naisiuntacht]] flhaiajcarv5hxpwsbbo17cab9ceq9n 0 127064 1321762 1320290 2026-07-26T23:02:04Z Taghdtaighde 60452 Catagóirí curtha leis agus roinnt athuithe 1321762 wikitext text/x-wiki {{WD Bosca Sonraí Duine}} Ba scríbhneoir agus aistritheoir [[Gaeilge na hAlban|Ghaeilge na hAlban]] agus [[Esperanto]] é '''Garbhan MacAoidh''' <small>({{Lang-en|Girvan Christie McKay}})</small> Rugadh é [[14 Lúnasa|ar an 14 Lúnasa]] [[1929]] i Todos Santos del Chapare, sa [[An Bholaiv|Bholaiv]], agus é de bhunadh na h[[Albain|Alban]]; áit a raibh a athair ag obair mar mhisinéir. Bhog an teaghlach go dtí an [[An Spáinn|Spáinn]] agus an [[An Phortaingéil|Phortaingéil]], agus bhí sé ina mhac léinn i n[[Glaschú]] idir 1940 agus 1946. D’fhill an teaghlach ar an bPortaingéil tar éis an chogaidh. Agus é ag obair mar bhainisteoir scoile teanga i [[Manchain]], d’fhreastail sé ar ranganna Gaeilge agus bhuail sé lena bhean chéile, Máire, ansin. D’oibrigh siad mar mhisinéirí agus mar mhúinteoirí in [[:gd:Fara,_Sealtainn|Eilean nan Caorach]] agus rinne sé oiliúint mar mhinistir in [[Obar Dheathain]]. Bhí sé ina mhinistir i m[[Buenos Aires]] idir 1969 agus 1974, san Strath idir 1974 agus 1979, agus ansin i d[[Tulach Mhór]]. Scríobh sé innéacs Béarla don fhoclóir [[Edward Dwelly#An Foclóir|Dwelly]], agus go leor aistí i n''[[Gairm]]'' agus san iris Esperanto ''{{Interlanguage link|Monato|eo|Monato}}''. Fuair Garbhan bás ar an 9 Eanáir 2024, in [[Ospidéal Ginearálta Thulach Mhór|Ospidéal Réigiúnach Lár Tíre]] na [[Tulach Mhór|Tulaí Móire]]. == Aistriúcháin == D’fhoilsigh sé aistriúcháin ar [[Antonio Machado|Antonio Machado Ruiz]] agus [[France Prešeren]] i n''[[Gairm]]''. ==Naisc sheachtracha== * Socruithe sochraide [https://rip.ie/death-notice/condolences/girvan-mc-kay-garbhan-macaoidh-offaly-tullamore-542602?page=1&records=60&sortFields=a.createdAt&sortDirection=DESCCondolence Girvan MC KAY (GARBHAN MacAOIDH)] * [https://offalyhistoryblog.com/2024/01/16/the-late-girvan-mckay-garbhan-macaoidh-tullamore-by-declan-mcsweeney/ "The late Girvan McKay/Garbhan MacAoidh, Tullamore" le Declan McSweeney. Blog Uimh. 565, 16th Eanáir 2024] == Leabhair == * {{Cite book-en}} == Tagairtí == {{reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Aoidh, Garbhan Mac}} [[Catagóir:Iriseoirí Gaeilge]] [[Catagóir:Iriseoirí Éireannacha]] [[Catagóir:Scríbhneoirí Gaeilge]] [[Catagóir:Litríocht Ghaeilge na hAlban]] [[Catagóir:Ficsean eolaíochta i nGaeilge na hAlban]] [[Catagóir:Scríbhneoirí ficsin thuairimigh]] [[Catagóir:Esperanto]] [[Catagóir:Múinteoirí]] [[Catagóir:Misinéirí]] [[Catagóir:Daoine Bolavacha]] [[Catagóir:Daoine a rugadh i 1929]] [[Catagóir:Básanna in 2024]] d8y1bwo5cur1sa9c7qjb6fvu8zebjd5 0 127082 1321714 1321527 2026-07-26T15:17:33Z An RíomhGael 72410 /* Stair */ 1321714 wikitext text/x-wiki {{WD Bosca Sonraí Eagraíochta|child=Div Yezh Breizh|data_fundacio=1979|president=Eddy Penven|website=https://div-yezh.bzh/fr/|regio=An Bhriotáin agus Pays de la Loire, an Fhrainc|tipus=Eagraíocht Oideachais Phoiblí|peu_logo=https://div-yezh.bzh/fr/}} Is cumann scolaíochta dátheangach poiblí sa [[An Bhriotáin|Bhriotáin]] in iarthuaisceart na [[An Fhrainc|Fraince]] é '''''Div Yezh Breizh''''' (Gaeilge: ''Dhá theanga na Briotáine'') a chuireann oideachas dátheangach i m[[An Bhriotáinis|Briotáinis]] agus i bhFraincis ar fáil<ref name=":0">{{Lua idirlín|url=https://div-yezh.bzh/fr/divyezhegezh/|teideal=Div Yezh Breizh - Qui sommes nous?|údar=Div Yezh Breizh|language=Fraincis|dátarochtana=2026-07-14}}</ref>. == Stair == Bunaíodh an cumann sa bhliain 1979 faoin ainm ''Association de Parents d'Élèves pour l'Enseignement du breton'' nó ''APEEB''<ref name=":1">{{Lua idirlín|url=https://abp.bzh/div-yezh-breizh.-40-ans-de-combat-en-faveur-du-bilinguisme-47092|teideal=Div Yezh Breizh - 40 ans de combats en faveur du bilinguisme|údar=ABP|dáta=2029-03-19|language=Fraincis|dátarochtana=2026-07-14}}</ref>(Gaeilge: ''An Cumann Tuismitheoirí um Theagasc na Briotáinise'') chun an dátheangachas a chur chun cinn i scoileanna poiblí na Briotáine. Sa bhliain 1982, thug Aire Oideachais na Fraince, Alain Savary, cead do scoileanna poiblí na tíre ranganna dátheangacha i bhFraincis agus i dteangacha réigiúnacha a chruthú agus chuir an chéad rang dátheangach ar fáil i ''Sant Riwal'' an bhliain chéanna.<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.ouest-france.fr/bretagne/trente-ans-denseignement-bilingue-dans-le-public-1542054|teideal=Trente ans d'enseignement bilingue dans le public|údar=Jean Laurent-Bras|dáta=2012-10-14|language=Fraincis|dátarochtana=2026-07-14}}</ref> Athraíodh aimn an chumainn go ''Div Yezh'' sa bhliain 1995 agus go ''Div Yezh Breizh'' sa bhliain 2015<ref name=":1" />. Sa bhliain 2025 bhí 11,152 scoláire ag freastal ar scoileanna de chuid ''Div Yezh'' ón réamhscolaíocht go dtí an ardscolaíocht, 95 scoláire níos mó ná a bhí ann an bhliain roimhe sin<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|author=Office Publique de la Langue Bretonne|date=2025|title=Les Chiffres de la Rentrée Scolaire de l'Enseignement Bilingue en 2025|journal=Pole Étude et Développement Observatoire des Pratiques Linguistiques|pages=lch 9|language=Fraincis}}</ref>. Is é ''Div Yezh'' an soláthraí is mó maidir le hoideachas dátheangach sa Bhriotáinis. == Modh Teagaisc == Leanann scoileanna ''Div Yezh'' curaclam scoile náisiúnta na Fraince, an t-aon difríocht atá ann ná go bhfuil leath cuid den lá scoile múinte trí mheán na Briotáinise. Tugtar an méid ama chéanna ar son na Briotáinise agus na Fraincise i rith an lae scoile. Tá scoileanna Div Yezh go hiomlán tuata agus neamhspleách ó pháirtithe polaitiúla<ref name=":0" />. == Scoileanna eile a mhúineann an Bhriotáinis == [[Diwan]] - Scoileanna príobháideacha saor in aisce a mhúineann Briotáinis tríd an tumoideachas<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.diwan.bzh/|teideal=Diwan|language=Fraincis|dátarochtana=2026-07-14}}</ref>. Divaskell Breizh - Scoileanna príobháideacha Caitliceacha dátheangacha<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.divaskell.bzh/|teideal=Divaskell Breizh|language=Fraincis|dátarochtana=2026-07-14}}</ref>. == Féach Freisin == [[Gaelscoil|An Ghaelscolaíocht]] - Oideachas lán-Ghaeilge [[Ikastola|Ikastolak]] - Scoileanna lán-Bhascaise [[An Ghallóis]] - Teanga Rómánsach réigiúnach labhartha sa Bhriotáin.<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://institutdugalo.bzh/fr/accueil/|teideal=Institut du Gallo - Leathanach fáilte|údar=Institut du Gallo|language=Fraincis|dátarochtana=2026-07-14}}</ref> == Naisc Sheachtracha == https://div-yezh.bzh/fr/ Suíomh gréasáin oifigiúil ''Div Yezh Breizh''. == Tagairtí == {{reflist}} [[Catagóir:Oideachas sa Bhriotáin]] [[Catagóir:Oideachas sa Fhrainc]] [[Catagóir:Tumoideachas]] [[Catagóir:Foghlaim na Briotáinise]] [[Catagóir:Cearta teanga]] [[Catagóir:Teangacha Ceilteacha]] [[Catagóir:Cultúr na Briotáine]] tcfxaa5iwz0p9lnx5i0c1bt3k2g2h6e 0 127179 1321683 1321673 2026-07-26T12:02:49Z TGcoa 21229 1321683 wikitext text/x-wiki {{WD Bosca Sonraí Duine}} Ceoltóir agus scríbhneoir amhrán Gaeilge í '''Lisa Murray''', arb as [[Gaeltacht Bhaile Ghib]], Contae na Mí, ó dhúchas di. Tá aithne fhorleathan uirthi mar "Ghaeilgeoir Swift" nó "Taylor Swift na Gaeilge," leasainm a tugadh uirthi tar éis di aird a tharraingt ar líne lena leaganacha Gaeilge d'amhráin le [[Taylor Swift]]. Is é ''Abhaile'' teideal a céad albaim, atá le heisiúint i mí Mheán Fómhair 2026.<ref name=":0">{{Lua idirlín|url=https://nos.ie/news/lisa-murray-ar-a-singil-nua-ceim-ar-cheim-baddies-bhaile-ghib-agus-a-comhoibriu-le-club-reatha/|teideal=Lisa Murray ar a singil nua 'Céim ar Chéim', Baddies Bhaile Ghib, agus a comhoibriú le club reatha|údar=Conor Torbóid|dáta=22 Iúil 2026|language=ga-IE|work=NÓS|dátarochtana=2026-07-25}}</ref><ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://tuairisc.ie/an-staitse-gaeilge-ag-an-bpicnic-leictreach-feile-john-ford-eagran-speisialta-blas-ceoil-caint-ar-bhruce-ismay-agus-teach-chasla/|teideal=An stáitse Gaeilge ag an bPicnic Leictreach, Féile John Ford, Eagrán speisialta Blas Ceoil, Caint ar Bhruce Ismay agus Teach Chasla|dáta=2025-08-22|language=ga-IE|work=Tuairisc.ie|dátarochtana=2026-07-25}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Lua idirlín|url=https://extrag.ie/2026/02/22/siamsaiocht/lisa-murray-taylor-swift/|teideal=Gaeilgeoir Swift: Chuaigh ceoltóir 'viral' le hamhrán Taylor|údar=extrag.ie|dáta=10 MF 2025|language=ga-IE|dátarochtana=2026-07-25}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Lua idirlín|url=https://mpg.org.uk/lisa-murray-full-member/|teideal=Lisa Murray|údar=Music Producers Guild / mpg.org.uk|dáta=2025|dátarochtana=2026}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Casadh sa Cheol {{!}} Caoimhín & Lisa Murray {{!}} Player {{!}} Irish Television Channel, Súil Eile|url=https://www.tg4.ie/en/player/play/?pid=6391177902112&series=Casadh+sa+Cheol&genre=Siamsaiocht|language=ga-IE|author=TG4|date=29.03.26}}</ref> [[Íomhá:Giving way to Irish in the Baile Ghib Gaeltacht - geograph.org.uk - 704757.jpg|mion|220x220px|Baile Ghib]] == Óige agus oideachas == Tógadh Lisa Murray i mBaile Ghib, agus thosaigh sí ag seinm an phianó agus í seacht nó ocht mbliana d'aois. Thosaigh sí ag cumadh amhrán go luath ina dhiaidh sin, timpeall deich mbliana d'aois. Mar dhéagóir, ghlac sí páirt in amharclannaíocht agus i mbannaí ceoil éagsúla. Rinne sí staidéar ar an gceol agus ar an Nua-Ghaeilge i g[[Coláiste na Tríonóide, Baile Átha Cliath]], agus ina dhiaidh sin bhain sí máistreacht amach i mBerklee College of Music i m[[Bostún, Massachusetts|Bostún]] (bronnadh an scoláireacht "Outstanding Woman" uirthi). Ina dhiaidh sin, chuaigh sí chun cónaithe i Londain ar feadh trí bliana, áit ar oibrigh sí do Sony Music. In ainneoin di a bheith ag obair i dtionscal an cheoil, níor cheangail sí a saothar ceoil lena teanga dhúchais go dtí deireadh na bliana 2024. Nuair a bhí sí thar lear, mhothaigh sí uaigneach, agus thuig sí luach na Gaeilge di féin ar bhealach nár thuig sí roimhe sin. Bhog sí abhaile go hÉirinn dá bharr.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" /> == Gairm == Le linn na [[Paindéim COVID-19|paindéime Covid]], thosaigh sí ag léiriú a cuid ceoil féin óna seomra leapa. D'eisigh sí a céad shingil, "I Unfollowed U," i 2022; fuair sé an-aird ar an raidió náisiúnta, agus tháinig sé isteach i measc na n-amhrán ba mhó ar chairt Shazam na hÉireann. Ba í "Uaigneach," a d'eisigh sí ag deireadh na bliana 2024, an chéad amhrán léi go hiomlán as Gaeilge, agus é ina thús lena haistear mar cheoltóir Gaeilge. D'éirigh go maith léi ar líne ina dhiaidh sin: nuair a phostáil sí físeán ar [[TikTok]] ag cur a cuid ceoil chun cinn, thug duine éigin "Gaeilgeoir Swift" uirthi sna tuairimí, agus ghlac sí leis an leasainm sin ó shin. Rinne sí leaganacha Gaeilge d'amhráin le [[Taylor Swift]] ina dhiaidh sin, ina measc "You Belong With Me" (ón albam ''Fearless''), "August," "The Fate of Ophelia," agus "Opalite." Nuair nach raibh focal Gaeilge ann do théarma áirithe—mar shampla "bleachers"—roghnaigh sí an focal "seastán" ina áit. D'eisigh sí leagan clúdaigh den amhrán "Ríocht na Sí" in éineacht leis an gceoltóir CAOIMHÍN, tar éis dóibh beirt a gcuid ceoil a mhalartú ar an gclár teilifíse ''[https://www.tg4.ie/en/player/play/?pid=6391177902112&series=Casadh%20sa%20Cheol&genre=Siamsaiocht Casadh sa Cheol]'' ar TG4.<ref name=":3" /> Ghlac sí páirt freisin sa scéim forbartha Glór Ár Linne de chuid [[Raidió Rí-Rá]], agus sheinn sí ar an stáitse Gaeilge ag [[An Phicnic Leictreach|Picnic Leictreach]] i mí Lúnasa 2025. Craoladh Electric Picnic 2025 ar chlár TG4, ''Beó ón Electric Picnic'', in éineacht le ceoltóirí eile ar nós [[Kneecap]], Amble, agus [[IMLÉ]]. Sheinn sí beo ar RTÉ Raidió 1, tugadh aitheantas "One to Watch" di ó TodayFM, agus bhí sí le feiceáil ar an gclár teilifíse ''Ireland AM''. === "Céim ar Chéim" agus an chéad albam === D'eisigh Lisa Murray a singil nua, "Céim ar Chéim," ar an 24 Iúil 2026—an chéad singil oifigiúil óna céad albam, ''Abhaile'', atá le teacht i mí Mheán Fómhair 2026. Scríobh agus léirigh sí féin agus a comhléiritheoir, Cian Sweeney, an t‑amhrán. Déanann ''Abhaile'' iniúchadh ar théamaí na himirce agus na féiniúlachta. Fuair sí maoiniú ó Chultúr Éireann chun aistear a dhéanamh leis an albam i mí Dheireadh Fómhair 2026..<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" /> === Aitheantas === Tá Lisa Murray tar éis labhairt go poiblí faoi [[Bród na Gaeltachta|bhród Gaeltachta]] agus faoi thábhacht an phopchultúir chomhaimseartha sa Ghaeltacht. Agus í ag cur a singile is déanaí chun cinn, dúirt sí gurb é a príomhsprioc mar ealaíontóir ná a léiriú gur féidir popcheol comhaimseartha a chruthú trí Ghaeilge, agus spreag sí daoine óga sa Ghaeltacht le bheith bródúil as a mbunadh. Is féidir Lisa Murray a leanúint ar [[Instagram]] agus [[TikTok]] ag @lisawiththefringe. == Féach freisin == * [[Taylor Swift]] == Naisc sheachtracha == * ''[https://www.tg4.ie/en/player/play/?pid=6391177902112&series=Casadh%20sa%20Cheol&genre=Siamsaiocht Casadh sa Cheol]'' ar TG4.<ref name=":3" /> == Tagairtí == {{reflist}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Murray, Lisa }} [[Catagóir:Popcheol i nGaeilge]] [[Catagóir:Popcheoltóirí]] [[Catagóir:Amhránaithe Gaeilge]] [[Catagóir:Taylor Swift]] [[Catagóir:Alumni Choláiste na Tríonóide, Baile Átha Cliath]] nn4lnbz026kcxis7jdw0vmtnu88z49r 0 127181 1321687 2026-07-26T13:12:54Z An Sionnach Rua 29036 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1348297336|Crepuscular animal]]" 1321687 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Íomhá:Fox032118BW.jpg|alt=Photo of a red fox standing outdoors among forest understory|mion| [[Sionnach]] ar chrónú na hoíche]] [[Íomhá:Black_and_gray_mackerel_tabby_cat_at_night_in_Tuntorp_7.jpg|alt=Photo of a cat sitting on a balcony ledge. Its coat is grey with black stripes and some white in its undercoat.|mion| [[Cat|Cat tí]] faoi sholas íseal]] Is '''ainmhí clapsholais''' é ainmhí sa [[zó-eolaíocht]] a bhíonn gníomhach le linn thréimhse an [[Clapsholas|chlapsholais]] go príomha:<ref>{{Cite web-en|url=https://naturalhistory.si.edu/mna/glossary.cfm|title=Glossary|work=North American Mammals|publisher=[[Smithsonian Institution|Smithsonian]]|access-date=2017-07-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170525112844/https://naturalhistory.si.edu/mna/glossary.cfm|archive-date=2017-05-25}}</ref> is iad sin a bheith <nowiki><i>matutinal</i></nowiki> (gníomhach um bhreacadh an lae), <nowiki><i>vespertine</i></nowiki> / ''vespertinal'' (gníomhach um [[Crónú na hóiche|chrónú na hóiche]]), nó an dá rud.<nowiki></wbr></nowiki> Déantar idirdhealú idir seo agus iompar laethúil agus [[Oíchíocht|oíchiúil]], áit a mbíonn ainmhí gníomhach i rith uaireanta an lae agus na [[Oíche|hoíche]] faoi seach. D’fhéadfadh roinnt ainmhithe clapsholais a bheith gníomhach faoi [[Loinnir na Gealaí|sholas na gealaí]] nó i rith lae [[Spéir smúitiúil|scamallaigh]], faoi dhálaí ísealsholais. Bíonn tionchar ag roinnt fachtóirí ar an am den lá a bhíonn ainmhí gníomhach. Seilgeann [[creachadóirí]] nuair a bhíonn a gcuid creiche ar fáil agus déanann creach iarracht na hamanna a mbíonn a bpríomhchreachadóirí i mbun seilge a sheachaint. D’fhéadfadh an teocht a bheith ró-ard ag meán lae nó ró-íseal san oíche.<ref name="CrepuscularSummary">{{cite encyclopedia|url=http://bookrags.com/research/crepuscular-ansc-01|title=Crepuscular|encyclopedia=Macmillan Science Library: Animal Sciences|publisher=[[Foilsitheoir Macmillan|Macmillan Reference]]|year=2001–2006|access-date=2011-07-11}}</ref> D’fhéadfadh roinnt créatúir a ngníomhaíochtaí a choigeartú ag brath ar iomaíocht áitiúil. [[Catagóir:Eiteolaíocht]] 6uopil09k2yv0g1mxvpdklx429s6xjz 1321688 1321687 2026-07-26T13:14:19Z An Sionnach Rua 29036 1321688 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Íomhá:Fox032118BW.jpg|alt=Photo of a red fox standing outdoors among forest understory|mion| [[Sionnach]] ar chrónú na hoíche]] [[Íomhá:Black_and_gray_mackerel_tabby_cat_at_night_in_Tuntorp_7.jpg|alt=Photo of a cat sitting on a balcony ledge. Its coat is grey with black stripes and some white in its undercoat.|mion| [[Cat|Cat tí]] faoi sholas íseal]] Is '''ainmhí clapsholais''' é ainmhí sa [[zó-eolaíocht]] a bhíonn gníomhach le linn thréimhse an [[Clapsholas|chlapsholais]] go príomha:<ref>{{Cite web-en|url=https://naturalhistory.si.edu/mna/glossary.cfm|title=Glossary|work=North American Mammals|publisher=[[Smithsonian Institution|Smithsonian]]|access-date=2017-07-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170525112844/https://naturalhistory.si.edu/mna/glossary.cfm|archive-date=2017-05-25}}</ref> is iad sin a bheith ''matutinal'' (gníomhach um [[bhreacadh an lae]]), ''vespertine''/''vespertinal'' (gníomhach um [[Crónú na hóiche|chrónú na hóiche]]), nó an dá rud. Déantar idirdhealú idir seo agus iompar laethúil agus [[Oíchíocht|oíchiúil]], áit a mbíonn ainmhí gníomhach i rith uaireanta an lae agus na [[Oíche|hoíche]] faoi seach. D’fhéadfadh roinnt ainmhithe clapsholais a bheith gníomhach faoi [[Loinnir na Gealaí|sholas na gealaí]] nó i rith lae [[Spéir smúitiúil|scamallaigh]], faoi dhálaí ísealsholais. Bíonn tionchar ag roinnt fachtóirí ar an am den lá a bhíonn ainmhí gníomhach. Seilgeann [[creachadóirí]] nuair a bhíonn a gcuid creiche ar fáil agus déanann creach iarracht na hamanna a mbíonn a bpríomhchreachadóirí i mbun seilge a sheachaint. D’fhéadfadh an teocht a bheith ró-ard ag [[meán lae]] nó ró-íseal san oíche.<ref name="CrepuscularSummary">{{cite encyclopedia|url=http://bookrags.com/research/crepuscular-ansc-01|title=Crepuscular|encyclopedia=Macmillan Science Library: Animal Sciences|publisher=[[Foilsitheoir Macmillan|Macmillan Reference]]|year=2001–2006|access-date=2011-07-11}}</ref> D’fhéadfadh roinnt créatúir a ngníomhaíochtaí a choigeartú ag brath ar iomaíocht áitiúil. [[Catagóir:Eiteolaíocht]] j3bcpej6kxw5zh9fabqkuqiwhgn7z8r 1321696 1321688 2026-07-26T13:57:03Z Ériugena 188 1321696 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Íomhá:Fox032118BW.jpg|alt=Photo of a red fox standing outdoors among forest understory|mion| [[Sionnach]] ar chrónú na hoíche]] [[Íomhá:Black_and_gray_mackerel_tabby_cat_at_night_in_Tuntorp_7.jpg|alt=Photo of a cat sitting on a balcony ledge. Its coat is grey with black stripes and some white in its undercoat.|mion| [[Cat|Cat tí]] faoi sholas íseal]] Is '''ainmhí clapsholais''' é ainmhí sa [[zó-eolaíocht]] a bhíonn gníomhach le linn thréimhse an [[Clapsholas|chlapsholais]] go príomha:<ref>{{Cite web-en|url=https://naturalhistory.si.edu/mna/glossary.cfm|title=Glossary|work=North American Mammals|publisher=[[Smithsonian Institution|Smithsonian]]|access-date=2017-07-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170525112844/https://naturalhistory.si.edu/mna/glossary.cfm|archive-date=2017-05-25}}</ref> is iad sin a bheith ''matutinal'' (gníomhach um [[bhreacadh an lae]]), ''vespertine''/''vespertinal'' (gníomhach um [[Crónú na hóiche|chrónú na hóiche]]), nó an dá rud. Déantar idirdhealú idir seo agus iompar laethúil agus [[Oíchíocht|oíchiúil]], áit a mbíonn ainmhí gníomhach i rith uaireanta an lae agus na [[Oíche|hoíche]] faoi seach. D’fhéadfadh roinnt ainmhithe clapsholais a bheith gníomhach faoi [[Loinnir na Gealaí|sholas na gealaí]] nó i rith lae [[Spéir smúitiúil|scamallaigh]], faoi dhálaí ísealsholais. Bíonn tionchar ag roinnt fachtóirí ar an am den lá a bhíonn ainmhí gníomhach. Seilgeann [[creachadóirí]] nuair a bhíonn a gcuid creiche ar fáil agus déanann creach iarracht na hamanna a mbíonn a bpríomhchreachadóirí i mbun seilge a sheachaint. D’fhéadfadh an teocht a bheith ró-ard ag [[meán lae]] nó ró-íseal san oíche.<ref name="CrepuscularSummary">{{cite encyclopedia|url=http://bookrags.com/research/crepuscular-ansc-01|title=Crepuscular|encyclopedia=Macmillan Science Library: Animal Sciences|publisher=[[Foilsitheoir Macmillan|Macmillan Reference]]|year=2001–2006|access-date=2011-07-11}}</ref> D’fhéadfadh roinnt créatúir a ngníomhaíochtaí a choigeartú ag brath ar iomaíocht áitiúil. [[Catagóir:Eiteolaíocht]] ==Tagairtí== 2thipe9ds5ipxc9ln13tvnu99pw2bi6 1321731 1321696 2026-07-26T20:09:12Z An Sionnach Rua 29036 Aistriúcháin ar na sainfhocail aimsithe 1321731 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Íomhá:Fox032118BW.jpg|alt=Photo of a red fox standing outdoors among forest understory|mion| [[Sionnach]] ar chrónú na hoíche]] [[Íomhá:Black_and_gray_mackerel_tabby_cat_at_night_in_Tuntorp_7.jpg|alt=Photo of a cat sitting on a balcony ledge. Its coat is grey with black stripes and some white in its undercoat.|mion| [[Cat|Cat tí]] faoi sholas íseal]] Is '''ainmhí clapsholais''' é ainmhí sa [[zó-eolaíocht]] a bhíonn gníomhach le linn thréimhse an [[Clapsholas|chlapsholais]] go príomha:<ref>{{Cite web-en|url=https://naturalhistory.si.edu/mna/glossary.cfm|title=Glossary|work=North American Mammals|publisher=[[Smithsonian Institution|Smithsonian]]|access-date=2017-07-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170525112844/https://naturalhistory.si.edu/mna/glossary.cfm|archive-date=2017-05-25}}</ref> is ionann sin agus a bheith maidiniúil (i. gníomhach um [[bhreacadh an lae]]), feascrach (i. gníomhach um [[Crónú na hóiche|chrónú na hóiche]]), nó an dá rud. Déantar idirdhealú idir seo agus iompar laethúil agus [[Oíchíocht|oíchiúil]], áit a mbíonn ainmhí gníomhach i rith uaireanta an lae agus na [[Oíche|hoíche]] faoi seach. D’fhéadfadh roinnt ainmhithe clapsholais a bheith gníomhach faoi [[Loinnir na Gealaí|sholas na gealaí]] nó i rith lae [[Spéir smúitiúil|scamallaigh]], faoi dhálaí ísealsholais. Bíonn tionchar ag roinnt fachtóirí ar an am den lá a bhíonn ainmhithe gníomhach. Seilgeann [[creachadóirí]] nuair a bhíonn a gcuid creiche ar fáil agus déanann creach iarracht na hamanna a mbíonn a bpríomhchreachadóirí i mbun seilge a sheachaint. D’fhéadfadh an teocht a bheith ró-ard ag [[meán lae]] nó ró-íseal san oíche.<ref name="CrepuscularSummary">{{cite encyclopedia|url=http://bookrags.com/research/crepuscular-ansc-01|title=Crepuscular|encyclopedia=Macmillan Science Library: Animal Sciences|publisher=[[Foilsitheoir Macmillan|Macmillan Reference]]|year=2001–2006|access-date=2011-07-11}}</ref> D’fhéadfadh roinnt créatúir a ngníomhaíochtaí a choigeartú ag brath ar iomaíocht áitiúil. [[Catagóir:Eiteolaíocht]] ==Tagairtí== q3ifw2y1m353fbol1grhmw44k0ompl7 10 127183 1321693 2026-07-26T13:56:15Z An Sionnach Rua 29036 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1356316265|Template:Image frame]]" 1321693 wikitext text/x-wiki   k1gv11fuxfhxoon8w9pqh7hihq26mvm 1321694 1321693 2026-07-26T13:57:00Z An Sionnach Rua 29036 Bhog An Sionnach Rua an leathanach [[Fráma íomhá]] go [[Teimpléad:Teimpléad: Fráma íomhá]] 1321693 wikitext text/x-wiki   k1gv11fuxfhxoon8w9pqh7hihq26mvm 1321697 1321694 2026-07-26T13:57:13Z An Sionnach Rua 29036 Bhog An Sionnach Rua an leathanach [[Teimpléad:Teimpléad: Fráma íomhá]] go [[Teimpléad:Fráma íomhá]] 1321693 wikitext text/x-wiki   k1gv11fuxfhxoon8w9pqh7hihq26mvm 1321699 1321697 2026-07-26T13:58:50Z An Sionnach Rua 29036 1321699 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly><!-- -->{{#switch: {{{align|}}} | center | centre = <!-- div1 --><div class = "center"> }}<!-- div2 --><div class= "thumb <!-- -->{{#switch: {{{align|}}} | right | #default = floatright | left = floatleft | center | centre | none = tnone }}" style = "<!-- -->{{#ifeq: {{{mode|}}} | scrollable | style = overflow: hidden; 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}} }} {{{innerstyle|}}}"><!-- -->{{#ifeq: {{#lc:{{{mode|}}}}} | scrollable | {{#ifeq: {{#lc:{{{nowrap|}}}}} | yes | <!-- div6 --><div class="nowrap"> }} }} {{{content}}} {{#ifeq: {{#lc:{{{mode|}}}}} | scrollable | {{#ifeq: {{#lc:{{{nowrap|}}}}} | yes | <!-- div6 ]] --></div> }} }}<!-- div5 ]] --></div><!-- -->{{#ifeq: {{{pos|}}} | top | | {{#if:{{{caption|}}} |<!-- div7 --><div class = "thumbcaption"><!-- -->{{#if: {{{link|}}} | {{align|right|{{{linkoverride|[[File:Information icon4.svg|16px|link={{{link}}}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{link_text|}}} | {{!}}{{{link_text}}} }}]]}}}}} }}{{{caption|}}}<!-- div7 ]] --></div> }} }}<!-- div3 ]] --></div><!-- div2 ]] --></div><!-- -->{{#switch: {{{align|}}} | center | centre = <!-- div1 ]] --></div> }}</includeonly><!-- -->{{#invoke:Check for unknown parameters| check | unknown = [[Category:Pages using image frame with unknown parameters|_VALUE_{{PAGENAME}}]] | preview = Page using [[Template:Image frame]] with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"| ignoreblank = y | align | border | caption | content | dir | innerstyle | link | link_text | linkoverride | max-width | mode | nowrap | pos | style | width }}<noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> 7lh894z8scc7r4jk37fmfztyn82f5gz 0 127184 1321695 2026-07-26T13:57:00Z An Sionnach Rua 29036 Bhog An Sionnach Rua an leathanach [[Fráma íomhá]] go [[Teimpléad:Teimpléad: Fráma íomhá]] 1321695 wikitext text/x-wiki #athsheoladh [[Teimpléad:Teimpléad: Fráma íomhá]] qh44itp3f5qwxmoaan2ieu2ewq8ciz1 10 127185 1321698 2026-07-26T13:57:13Z An Sionnach Rua 29036 Bhog An Sionnach Rua an leathanach [[Teimpléad:Teimpléad: Fráma íomhá]] go [[Teimpléad:Fráma íomhá]] 1321698 wikitext text/x-wiki #athsheoladh [[Teimpléad:Fráma íomhá]] hba6giydu5fucb9skv8utcl49k9jh20 10 127186 1321701 2026-07-26T14:01:02Z An Sionnach Rua 29036 Leathanach cruthaithe le '{{Documentation subpage}} {{High-use}} {{lua|Module:Check for unknown parameters}} <!-- PLEASE ADD CATEGORIES AT THE BOTTOM OF THIS PAGE --> By filling out the parameters as follows, the result will be as shown below the code. <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" style="overflow:auto"> {{Image frame |style=width: 200px; |content=[[File:PNG transparency demonstration 1.png|100px]][[File:White Stars 3.svg|100px]] |caption=Example usage |link=Hello world |align=cen...' 1321701 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} {{High-use}} {{lua|Module:Check for unknown parameters}} <!-- PLEASE ADD CATEGORIES AT THE BOTTOM OF THIS PAGE --> By filling out the parameters as follows, the result will be as shown below the code. <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" style="overflow:auto"> {{Image frame |style=width: 200px; |content=[[File:PNG transparency demonstration 1.png|100px]][[File:White Stars 3.svg|100px]] |caption=Example usage |link=Hello world |align=center }} </syntaxhighlight> {{Image frame{{\sandbox}}|style=width: 200px;|content=[[File:PNG transparency demonstration 1.png|100px]][[File:White Stars 3.svg|100px]] |caption=Example usage|link=Hello world|align=center}} <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" style="overflow:auto"> {{Image frame |style=width: 200px; |content=[[File:PNG transparency demonstration 1.png|100px]][[File:White Stars 3.svg|100px]] |caption=Example usage |link=Hello world |align=center |pos=top }} </syntaxhighlight> {{Image frame{{\sandbox}}|style=width: 200px;|content=[[File:PNG transparency demonstration 1.png|100px]][[File:White Stars 3.svg|100px]] |caption=Example usage|link=Hello world|align=center|pos=top}} <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" style="overflow:auto"> {| |- | {{Image frame|caption={{magnify icon|link=File:WW2-Holocaust-Europe.png}} Concentration-camp network of Nazi-occupied Europe.<br>Auschwitz is circled.|align=left |content={{Superimpose | base = WW2-Holocaust-Europe.png | base_width = 300px | base_alt = Concentration-camp network in Nazi-occupied Europe | base_caption = Concentration-camp network in Nazi-occupied Europe | float = Red circle thick.svg | float_width = 20px | x = 171 | y = 120 }}}} | # {{tl|Image frame}} to add frame and caption to a complex image made by {{tl|Superimpose}} — float [[File:Red circle thick.svg|20px]] on base [[File:WW2-Holocaust-Europe.png|100px]] # Manually add {{tl|magnify icon}} to caption to simulate the thumbnail icon [[File:Magnify-clip.svg|15px]] # caption text won't auto-wrap to image width; you can add <br /> to prevent text overshooting. |} </syntaxhighlight> {| |- | {{Image frame{{\sandbox}}|caption={{magnify icon|link=File:WW2-Holocaust-Europe.png}} Concentration-camp network of Nazi-occupied Europe.<br>Auschwitz is circled.|align=left |content={{Superimpose | base = WW2-Holocaust-Europe.png | base_width = 300px | base_alt = Concentration-camp network in Nazi-occupied Europe | base_caption = Concentration-camp network in Nazi-occupied Europe | float = Red circle thick.svg | float_width = 20px | x = 171 | y = 120 }}}} | # {{tl|Image frame}} to add frame and caption to a complex image made by {{tl|Superimpose}} — float [[File:Red circle thick.svg|20px]] on base [[File:WW2-Holocaust-Europe.png|100px]] # Manually add {{tl|magnify icon}} to caption to simulate the thumbnail icon [[File:Magnify-clip.svg|15px]] # caption text won't auto-wrap to image width; you can add <nowiki><br></nowiki> to prevent text overshooting. |} {{clear}} <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" style="overflow:auto"> {{image frame |align=left |border=no |caption=A [[Help:Gallery tag|gallery]] in an image frame |content= <gallery mode="packed"> Detroit Publishing Co. - A Yeoman of the Guard (N.B. actually a Yeoman Warder), full restoration.jpg Official_program_-_Woman_suffrage_procession_March_3,_1913_-_crop.jpg Thurston, the famous magician - East Indian Rope Trick.jpg Joseph Ferdinand Keppler - The Pirate Publisher - Puck Magazine - Restoration by Adam Cuerden.jpg </gallery> }} </syntaxhighlight> {{image frame{{\sandbox}}|align=left|border=no|caption=A [[Help:Gallery tag|gallery]] in an image frame|content= <gallery mode="packed"> Detroit Publishing Co. - A Yeoman of the Guard (N.B. actually a Yeoman Warder), full restoration.jpg Official_program_-_Woman_suffrage_procession_March_3,_1913_-_crop.jpg Thurston, the famous magician - East Indian Rope Trick.jpg Joseph Ferdinand Keppler - The Pirate Publisher - Puck Magazine - Restoration by Adam Cuerden.jpg </gallery> }} {{clear}} ==Maintenance categories== * {{clc|Pages using image frame with unknown parameters}} == Templatedata == {{Templatedata header}} <templatedata>{ "params": { "align": { "label": "Alignment", "description": "\"left\" and \"right\" float the image to that side. \"center\" centres the image, and \"none\" left-aligns it without floating.", "type": "string", "default": "right", "suggestedvalues": [ "left", "center", "right", "none" ] }, "width": { "label": "Width", "description": "The width of the image within the frame, in pixels (though do not add \"px\" to the width e.g., use width=175 and not width=175px).", "type": "number", "default": "Automatic, based on content", "suggested": true }, "pos": { "label": "Caption position", "description": "Where to put the caption. Valid values: top, bottom.", "type": "string", "default": "bottom" }, "innerstyle": { "label": "Inner frame style", "description": "Plain CSS to apply to the inner frame. Use with care.", "type": "string", "example": "text-align: center;" }, "content": { "label": "Content", "description": "Content of the main section (generally images).", "type": "content", "required": true }, "border": { "label": "Border", "description": "Border of the main section (generally images).", "type": "content", "required": false, "default": "yes" }, "link": { "label": "Link", "description": "Link for the \"Enlarge\" link in the caption (in the future, may also be used as the link for the image field inside the frame, though it would probably require an additional height parameter).", "type": "wiki-page-name" }, "link_text": { "label": "Alternative link text", "description": "Alternative text used for the link for the \"Enlarge\" link in the caption, usually displayed as tooltip.", "type": "string" }, "linkoverride": { "label": "Link override", "description": "Completely replaces the 'info' link.", "type": "line" }, "caption": { "label": "Caption", "description": "A caption for the resulting collage.", "type": "content" }, "mode": { "label": "Mode", "description": "Display mode of the main section, \"scrollable\" will make the content scrolling if the content is longer than viewport.", "type": "string" }, "max-width": { "label": "Maximum width", "description": "The maximum width of the image within the frame, in pixels (though do not add \"px\" to the width e.g., use max-width=350 and not max-width=350px), valid only in scrollable mode.", "type": "number", "default": "100%", "suggested": true }, "dir": { "label": "Direction", "description": "Use the value \"rtl\" to make the right side of the image the initial visible portion inside the scroll frame, valid only in scrollable mode.", "type": "string" }, "nowrap": { "label": "No wrapping", "description": "Use the value \"yes\" to make the all images inside the scroll frame placed in single line, valid only in scrollable mode.", "type": "string" }, "style": { "type": "content", "label": "Style", "description": "Plain css to apply to the outer frame" } }, "description": "This template creates a frame like those surrounding images. This template can be used to put two or more images into a frame together, or as a wrapper for more complicated templates like Template:Superimpose.", "paramOrder": [ "content", "width", "align", "pos", "innerstyle", "link", "link_text", "linkoverride", "caption", "border", "mode", "max-width", "dir", "nowrap", "style" ] }</templatedata> == See also == * [[Wikipedia:Extended image syntax]] ** For <code><nowiki>[[File: .. |thumb ..</nowiki></code> or <code><nowiki>[[ Image .. |</nowiki></code> et cetera. * {{tlx|Chart}} * {{tlx|image array}} * {{tlx|multiple image}} * {{tlx|photo montage}} * {{tlx|align}} * {{tlx|center}}, {{tlx|right}} and {{tlx|left}} <includeonly>{{Sandbox other|| <!-- Categories below this line, please; interwikis at Wikidata --> [[Category:Graphics templates]] [[Category:Image formatting and function templates]] [[Category:Positioning templates]] }}</includeonly> dvevsapk9yc5k15mn1vih08safci02b 1321716 1321701 2026-07-26T15:25:29Z An Sionnach Rua 29036 1321716 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} {{High-use}} {{lua|Module:Check for unknown parameters}} <!-- PLEASE ADD CATEGORIES AT THE BOTTOM OF THIS PAGE --> By filling out the parameters as follows, the result will be as shown below the code. <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" style="overflow:auto"> {{Fráma íomhá |style=width: 200px; |content=[[File:PNG transparency demonstration 1.png|100px]][[File:White Stars 3.svg|100px]] |caption=Example usage |link=Hello world |align=center }} </syntaxhighlight> {{Fráma íomhá{{\sandbox}}|style=width: 200px;|content=[[File:PNG transparency demonstration 1.png|100px]][[File:White Stars 3.svg|100px]] |caption=Example usage|link=Hello world|align=center}} <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" style="overflow:auto"> {{Fráma íomhá |style=width: 200px; |content=[[File:PNG transparency demonstration 1.png|100px]][[File:White Stars 3.svg|100px]] |caption=Example usage |link=Hello world |align=center |pos=top }} </syntaxhighlight> {{Fráma íomhá{{\sandbox}}|style=width: 200px;|content=[[File:PNG transparency demonstration 1.png|100px]][[File:White Stars 3.svg|100px]] |caption=Example usage|link=Hello world|align=center|pos=top}} <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" style="overflow:auto"> {| |- | {{Fráma íomhá|caption={{magnify icon|link=File:WW2-Holocaust-Europe.png}} Concentration-camp network of Nazi-occupied Europe.<br>Auschwitz is circled.|align=left |content={{Superimpose | base = WW2-Holocaust-Europe.png | base_width = 300px | base_alt = Concentration-camp network in Nazi-occupied Europe | base_caption = Concentration-camp network in Nazi-occupied Europe | float = Red circle thick.svg | float_width = 20px | x = 171 | y = 120 }}}} | # {{tl|Fráma íomhá}} to add frame and caption to a complex image made by {{tl|Superimpose}} — float [[File:Red circle thick.svg|20px]] on base [[File:WW2-Holocaust-Europe.png|100px]] # Manually add {{tl|magnify icon}} to caption to simulate the thumbnail icon [[File:Magnify-clip.svg|15px]] # caption text won't auto-wrap to image width; you can add <br /> to prevent text overshooting. |} </syntaxhighlight> {| |- | {{Fráma íomhá{{\sandbox}}|caption={{magnify icon|link=File:WW2-Holocaust-Europe.png}} Concentration-camp network of Nazi-occupied Europe.<br>Auschwitz is circled.|align=left |content={{Superimpose | base = WW2-Holocaust-Europe.png | base_width = 300px | base_alt = Concentration-camp network in Nazi-occupied Europe | base_caption = Concentration-camp network in Nazi-occupied Europe | float = Red circle thick.svg | float_width = 20px | x = 171 | y = 120 }}}} | # {{tl|Fráma íomhá}} to add frame and caption to a complex image made by {{tl|Superimpose}} — float [[File:Red circle thick.svg|20px]] on base [[File:WW2-Holocaust-Europe.png|100px]] # Manually add {{tl|magnify icon}} to caption to simulate the thumbnail icon [[File:Magnify-clip.svg|15px]] # caption text won't auto-wrap to image width; you can add <nowiki><br></nowiki> to prevent text overshooting. |} {{clear}} <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" style="overflow:auto"> {{Fráma íomhá |align=left |border=no |caption=A [[Help:Gallery tag|gallery]] in an image frame |content= <gallery mode="packed"> Detroit Publishing Co. - A Yeoman of the Guard (N.B. actually a Yeoman Warder), full restoration.jpg Official_program_-_Woman_suffrage_procession_March_3,_1913_-_crop.jpg Thurston, the famous magician - East Indian Rope Trick.jpg Joseph Ferdinand Keppler - The Pirate Publisher - Puck Magazine - Restoration by Adam Cuerden.jpg </gallery> }} </syntaxhighlight> {{Fráma íomhá{{\sandbox}}|align=left|border=no|caption=A [[Help:Gallery tag|gallery]] in an image frame|content= <gallery mode="packed"> Detroit Publishing Co. - A Yeoman of the Guard (N.B. actually a Yeoman Warder), full restoration.jpg Official_program_-_Woman_suffrage_procession_March_3,_1913_-_crop.jpg Thurston, the famous magician - East Indian Rope Trick.jpg Joseph Ferdinand Keppler - The Pirate Publisher - Puck Magazine - Restoration by Adam Cuerden.jpg </gallery> }} {{clear}} ==Maintenance categories== * {{clc|Pages using image frame with unknown parameters}} == Templatedata == {{Templatedata header}} <templatedata>{ "params": { "align": { "label": "Alignment", "description": "\"left\" and \"right\" float the image to that side. \"center\" centres the image, and \"none\" left-aligns it without floating.", "type": "string", "default": "right", "suggestedvalues": [ "left", "center", "right", "none" ] }, "width": { "label": "Width", "description": "The width of the image within the frame, in pixels (though do not add \"px\" to the width e.g., use width=175 and not width=175px).", "type": "number", "default": "Automatic, based on content", "suggested": true }, "pos": { "label": "Caption position", "description": "Where to put the caption. Valid values: top, bottom.", "type": "string", "default": "bottom" }, "innerstyle": { "label": "Inner frame style", "description": "Plain CSS to apply to the inner frame. Use with care.", "type": "string", "example": "text-align: center;" }, "content": { "label": "Content", "description": "Content of the main section (generally images).", "type": "content", "required": true }, "border": { "label": "Border", "description": "Border of the main section (generally images).", "type": "content", "required": false, "default": "yes" }, "link": { "label": "Link", "description": "Link for the \"Enlarge\" link in the caption (in the future, may also be used as the link for the image field inside the frame, though it would probably require an additional height parameter).", "type": "wiki-page-name" }, "link_text": { "label": "Alternative link text", "description": "Alternative text used for the link for the \"Enlarge\" link in the caption, usually displayed as tooltip.", "type": "string" }, "linkoverride": { "label": "Link override", "description": "Completely replaces the 'info' link.", "type": "line" }, "caption": { "label": "Caption", "description": "A caption for the resulting collage.", "type": "content" }, "mode": { "label": "Mode", "description": "Display mode of the main section, \"scrollable\" will make the content scrolling if the content is longer than viewport.", "type": "string" }, "max-width": { "label": "Maximum width", "description": "The maximum width of the image within the frame, in pixels (though do not add \"px\" to the width e.g., use max-width=350 and not max-width=350px), valid only in scrollable mode.", "type": "number", "default": "100%", "suggested": true }, "dir": { "label": "Direction", "description": "Use the value \"rtl\" to make the right side of the image the initial visible portion inside the scroll frame, valid only in scrollable mode.", "type": "string" }, "nowrap": { "label": "No wrapping", "description": "Use the value \"yes\" to make the all images inside the scroll frame placed in single line, valid only in scrollable mode.", "type": "string" }, "style": { "type": "content", "label": "Style", "description": "Plain css to apply to the outer frame" } }, "description": "This template creates a frame like those surrounding images. This template can be used to put two or more images into a frame together, or as a wrapper for more complicated templates like Template:Superimpose.", "paramOrder": [ "content", "width", "align", "pos", "innerstyle", "link", "link_text", "linkoverride", "caption", "border", "mode", "max-width", "dir", "nowrap", "style" ] }</templatedata> == See also == * [[Wikipedia:Extended image syntax]] ** For <code><nowiki>[[File: .. |thumb ..</nowiki></code> or <code><nowiki>[[ Image .. |</nowiki></code> et cetera. * {{tlx|Chart}} * {{tlx|image array}} * {{tlx|multiple image}} * {{tlx|photo montage}} * {{tlx|align}} * {{tlx|center}}, {{tlx|right}} and {{tlx|left}} <includeonly>{{Sandbox other|| <!-- Categories below this line, please; interwikis at Wikidata --> [[Category:Graphics templates]] [[Category:Image formatting and function templates]] [[Category:Positioning templates]] }}</includeonly> m1zq844dheqcain3648hwstwqptxmwi 1321717 1321716 2026-07-26T15:38:37Z An Sionnach Rua 29036 Gaeilge á chur ar na paraiméadair 1321717 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} {{High-use}} {{lua|Module:Check for unknown parameters}} <!-- PLEASE ADD CATEGORIES AT THE BOTTOM OF THIS PAGE --> By filling out the parameters as follows, the result will be as shown below the code. <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" style="overflow:auto"> {{Fráma íomhá |style=width: 200px; |content=[[File:PNG transparency demonstration 1.png|100px]][[File:White Stars 3.svg|100px]] |caption=Example usage |link=Hello world |align=center }} </syntaxhighlight> {{Fráma íomhá{{\sandbox}}|style=width: 200px;|content=[[File:PNG transparency demonstration 1.png|100px]][[File:White Stars 3.svg|100px]] |caption=Example usage|link=Hello world|align=center}} <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" style="overflow:auto"> {{Fráma íomhá |style=width: 200px; |content=[[File:PNG transparency demonstration 1.png|100px]][[File:White Stars 3.svg|100px]] |caption=Example usage |link=Hello world |align=center |pos=top }} </syntaxhighlight> {{Fráma íomhá{{\sandbox}}|style=width: 200px;|content=[[File:PNG transparency demonstration 1.png|100px]][[File:White Stars 3.svg|100px]] |caption=Example usage|link=Hello world|align=center|pos=top}} <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" style="overflow:auto"> {| |- | {{Fráma íomhá|caption={{magnify icon|link=File:WW2-Holocaust-Europe.png}} Concentration-camp network of Nazi-occupied Europe.<br>Auschwitz is circled.|align=left |content={{Superimpose | base = WW2-Holocaust-Europe.png | base_width = 300px | base_alt = Concentration-camp network in Nazi-occupied Europe | base_caption = Concentration-camp network in Nazi-occupied Europe | float = Red circle thick.svg | float_width = 20px | x = 171 | y = 120 }}}} | # {{tl|Fráma íomhá}} to add frame and caption to a complex image made by {{tl|Superimpose}} — float [[File:Red circle thick.svg|20px]] on base [[File:WW2-Holocaust-Europe.png|100px]] # Manually add {{tl|magnify icon}} to caption to simulate the thumbnail icon [[File:Magnify-clip.svg|15px]] # caption text won't auto-wrap to image width; you can add <br /> to prevent text overshooting. |} </syntaxhighlight> {| |- | {{Fráma íomhá{{\sandbox}}|caption={{magnify icon|link=File:WW2-Holocaust-Europe.png}} Concentration-camp network of Nazi-occupied Europe.<br>Auschwitz is circled.|align=left |content={{Superimpose | base = WW2-Holocaust-Europe.png | base_width = 300px | base_alt = Concentration-camp network in Nazi-occupied Europe | base_caption = Concentration-camp network in Nazi-occupied Europe | float = Red circle thick.svg | float_width = 20px | x = 171 | y = 120 }}}} | # {{tl|Fráma íomhá}} to add frame and caption to a complex image made by {{tl|Superimpose}} — float [[File:Red circle thick.svg|20px]] on base [[File:WW2-Holocaust-Europe.png|100px]] # Manually add {{tl|magnify icon}} to caption to simulate the thumbnail icon [[File:Magnify-clip.svg|15px]] # caption text won't auto-wrap to image width; you can add <nowiki><br></nowiki> to prevent text overshooting. |} {{clear}} <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" style="overflow:auto"> {{Fráma íomhá |align=left |border=no |caption=A [[Help:Gallery tag|gallery]] in an image frame |content= <gallery mode="packed"> Detroit Publishing Co. - A Yeoman of the Guard (N.B. actually a Yeoman Warder), full restoration.jpg Official_program_-_Woman_suffrage_procession_March_3,_1913_-_crop.jpg Thurston, the famous magician - East Indian Rope Trick.jpg Joseph Ferdinand Keppler - The Pirate Publisher - Puck Magazine - Restoration by Adam Cuerden.jpg </gallery> }} </syntaxhighlight> {{Fráma íomhá{{\sandbox}}|align=left|border=no|caption=A [[Help:Gallery tag|gallery]] in an image frame|content= <gallery mode="packed"> Detroit Publishing Co. - A Yeoman of the Guard (N.B. actually a Yeoman Warder), full restoration.jpg Official_program_-_Woman_suffrage_procession_March_3,_1913_-_crop.jpg Thurston, the famous magician - East Indian Rope Trick.jpg Joseph Ferdinand Keppler - The Pirate Publisher - Puck Magazine - Restoration by Adam Cuerden.jpg </gallery> }} {{clear}} ==Maintenance categories== * {{clc|Pages using image frame with unknown parameters}} == Templatedata == {{Templatedata header}} <templatedata>{ "params": { "align": { "label": "Ailíniú", "description": "Cuireann \"left\" agus \"right\" an íomhá ar foluain chuig an taobh sin. Cuireann \"center\" an íomhá sa lár agus cuireann \"none\" é ar an taobh chlé gan fholuain. ", "type": "string", "default": "right", "suggestedvalues": [ "left", "center", "right", "none" ] }, "width": { "label": "Leithead", "description": "Leithead nah íomhá laistigh den fhráma, i bpicteilín (ná cuir \"px\" leis an leithead, áfach, m.sh. bain úsáid as width=175 agus ní as width=175px).", "type": "number", "default": "Automatic, based on content", "suggested": true }, "pos": { "label": "Áit na ceannscríbhinne", "description": "An áit a chuirtear an cheannscríbhinn. Luachanna bailí: top, bottom.", "type": "string", "default": "bottom" }, "innerstyle": { "label": "Stíl an fhráma istigh", "description": "Bun-CSS le cur leis an fhráma istigh. Bain úsáid as go han-chúramach.", "type": "string", "example": "text-align: center;" }, "border": { "label": "Border", "description": "Border of the main section (generally images).", "type": "content", "required": false, "default": "yes" }, "link": { "label": "Nasc", "description": "Nasc don nasc \"Enlarge\" sa cheannscríbhinn (is féidir go bhféadfaí úsáid a bhaint as mar nasc don réimse íomhá laistigh den fhráma sa todhchaí, ach is dócha go mbeadh paraiméadar airde sa bhreis ag teastáil uaidh sin.)", "type": "wiki-page-name" }, "link_text": { "label": "Téacs naisc malartach", "description": "Téacs malartach a úsáidtear don nasc don nasc \"Enlarge\" sa cheannscríbhinn, á léiriú mar tooltip de ghnáth.", "type": "string" }, "linkoverride": { "label": "Link override", "description": "Completely replaces the 'info' link.", "type": "line" }, "caption": { "label": "Caption", "description": "A caption for the resulting collage.", "type": "content" }, "mode": { "label": "Mode", "description": "Display mode of the main section, \"scrollable\" will make the content scrolling if the content is longer than viewport.", "type": "string" }, "max-width": { "label": "Maximum width", "description": "The maximum width of the image within the frame, in pixels (though do not add \"px\" to the width e.g., use max-width=350 and not max-width=350px), valid only in scrollable mode.", "type": "number", "default": "100%", "suggested": true }, "dir": { "label": "Direction", "description": "Use the value \"rtl\" to make the right side of the image the initial visible portion inside the scroll frame, valid only in scrollable mode.", "type": "string" }, "nowrap": { "label": "No wrapping", "description": "Use the value \"yes\" to make the all images inside the scroll frame placed in single line, valid only in scrollable mode.", "type": "string" }, "style": { "type": "content", "label": "Style", "description": "Plain css to apply to the outer frame" }, "Content": { "label": "Ábhar", "description": "Ábhar na príomhmhíre (íomhánna go ginearáta).", "type": "content", "required": true } }, "description": "This template creates a frame like those surrounding images. This template can be used to put two or more images into a frame together, or as a wrapper for more complicated templates like Template:Superimpose.", "paramOrder": [ "Content", "width", "align", "pos", "innerstyle", "link", "link_text", "linkoverride", "caption", "border", "mode", "max-width", "dir", "nowrap", "style" ] }</templatedata> == See also == * [[Wikipedia:Extended image syntax]] ** For <code><nowiki>[[File: .. |thumb ..</nowiki></code> or <code><nowiki>[[ Image .. |</nowiki></code> et cetera. * {{tlx|Chart}} * {{tlx|image array}} * {{tlx|multiple image}} * {{tlx|photo montage}} * {{tlx|align}} * {{tlx|center}}, {{tlx|right}} and {{tlx|left}} <includeonly>{{Sandbox other|| <!-- Categories below this line, please; interwikis at Wikidata --> [[Category:Graphics templates]] [[Category:Image formatting and function templates]] [[Category:Positioning templates]] }}</includeonly> 8sq0than2mwkfoeemzoyxwpl9w1vmqz 1321719 1321717 2026-07-26T15:55:44Z An Sionnach Rua 29036 1321719 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} {{High-use}} {{lua|Module:Check for unknown parameters}} <!-- PLEASE ADD CATEGORIES AT THE BOTTOM OF THIS PAGE --> By filling out the parameters as follows, the result will be as shown below the code. <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" style="overflow:auto"> {{Fráma íomhá |style=width: 200px; |content=[[File:PNG transparency demonstration 1.png|100px]][[File:White Stars 3.svg|100px]] |caption=Example usage |link=Hello world |align=center }} </syntaxhighlight> {{Fráma íomhá{{\sandbox}}|style=width: 200px;|content=[[File:PNG transparency demonstration 1.png|100px]][[File:White Stars 3.svg|100px]] |caption=Example usage|link=Hello world|align=center}} <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" style="overflow:auto"> {{Fráma íomhá |style=width: 200px; |content=[[File:PNG transparency demonstration 1.png|100px]][[File:White Stars 3.svg|100px]] |caption=Example usage |link=Hello world |align=center |pos=top }} </syntaxhighlight> {{Fráma íomhá{{\sandbox}}|style=width: 200px;|content=[[File:PNG transparency demonstration 1.png|100px]][[File:White Stars 3.svg|100px]] |caption=Example usage|link=Hello world|align=center|pos=top}} <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" style="overflow:auto"> {| |- | {{Fráma íomhá|caption={{magnify icon|link=File:WW2-Holocaust-Europe.png}} Concentration-camp network of Nazi-occupied Europe.<br>Auschwitz is circled.|align=left |content={{Superimpose | base = WW2-Holocaust-Europe.png | base_width = 300px | base_alt = Concentration-camp network in Nazi-occupied Europe | base_caption = Concentration-camp network in Nazi-occupied Europe | float = Red circle thick.svg | float_width = 20px | x = 171 | y = 120 }}}} | # {{tl|Fráma íomhá}} to add frame and caption to a complex image made by {{tl|Superimpose}} — float [[File:Red circle thick.svg|20px]] on base [[File:WW2-Holocaust-Europe.png|100px]] # Manually add {{tl|magnify icon}} to caption to simulate the thumbnail icon [[File:Magnify-clip.svg|15px]] # caption text won't auto-wrap to image width; you can add <br /> to prevent text overshooting. |} </syntaxhighlight> {| |- | {{Fráma íomhá{{\sandbox}}|caption={{magnify icon|link=File:WW2-Holocaust-Europe.png}} Concentration-camp network of Nazi-occupied Europe.<br>Auschwitz is circled.|align=left |content={{Superimpose | base = WW2-Holocaust-Europe.png | base_width = 300px | base_alt = Concentration-camp network in Nazi-occupied Europe | base_caption = Concentration-camp network in Nazi-occupied Europe | float = Red circle thick.svg | float_width = 20px | x = 171 | y = 120 }}}} | # {{tl|Fráma íomhá}} to add frame and caption to a complex image made by {{tl|Superimpose}} — float [[File:Red circle thick.svg|20px]] on base [[File:WW2-Holocaust-Europe.png|100px]] # Manually add {{tl|magnify icon}} to caption to simulate the thumbnail icon [[File:Magnify-clip.svg|15px]] # caption text won't auto-wrap to image width; you can add <nowiki><br></nowiki> to prevent text overshooting. |} {{clear}} <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" style="overflow:auto"> {{Fráma íomhá |align=left |border=no |caption=A [[Help:Gallery tag|gallery]] in an image frame |content= <gallery mode="packed"> Detroit Publishing Co. - A Yeoman of the Guard (N.B. actually a Yeoman Warder), full restoration.jpg Official_program_-_Woman_suffrage_procession_March_3,_1913_-_crop.jpg Thurston, the famous magician - East Indian Rope Trick.jpg Joseph Ferdinand Keppler - The Pirate Publisher - Puck Magazine - Restoration by Adam Cuerden.jpg </gallery> }} </syntaxhighlight> {{Fráma íomhá{{\sandbox}}|align=left|border=no|caption=A [[Help:Gallery tag|gallery]] in an image frame|content= <gallery mode="packed"> Detroit Publishing Co. - A Yeoman of the Guard (N.B. actually a Yeoman Warder), full restoration.jpg Official_program_-_Woman_suffrage_procession_March_3,_1913_-_crop.jpg Thurston, the famous magician - East Indian Rope Trick.jpg Joseph Ferdinand Keppler - The Pirate Publisher - Puck Magazine - Restoration by Adam Cuerden.jpg </gallery> }} {{clear}} ==Maintenance categories== * {{clc|Pages using image frame with unknown parameters}} == Templatedata == {{Templatedata header}} <templatedata>{ "params": { "align": { "label": "Ailíniú", "description": "Cuireann \"left\" agus \"right\" an íomhá ar foluain chuig an taobh sin. Cuireann \"center\" an íomhá sa lár agus cuireann \"none\" é ar an taobh chlé gan fholuain. ", "type": "string", "default": "right", "suggestedvalues": [ "left", "center", "right", "none" ] }, "width": { "label": "Leithead", "description": "Leithead na híomhá laistigh den fhráma, i bpicteilín (ná cuir \"px\" leis an leithead, áfach, m.sh. bain úsáid as width=175 agus ní as width=175px).", "type": "number", "default": "Automatic, based on content", "suggested": true }, "pos": { "label": "Áit na ceannscríbhinne", "description": "An áit a chuirtear an cheannscríbhinn. Luachanna bailí: top, bottom.", "type": "string", "default": "bottom" }, "innerstyle": { "label": "Stíl an fhráma istigh", "description": "CSS lom le cur leis an fhráma istigh. 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MacDhòmhnaill]]" 1321724 wikitext text/x-wiki hBa eagarthóir, léiritheoir teilifíse agus raidió é '''Fionnlagh Iain MacDhòmhnaill''' (1925-1987), ar [[An Béarla|a dtugtar]] '''''Finlay J Macdonald''''' freisin. Rugadh agus tógadh é i Sgarasda, [[:gd:Na_Hearadh|na Hearadh]], sa bhliain 1925. Bhí Gàidhlig aige ó thús. Fuair sé a chuid oideachais i [[:gd:Sgoil_Phort_Rìgh|Sgoil Phort Rìgh]] agus in [[Ollscoil Ghlaschú]] . == Saothair == Chuaigh sé isteach sa BhBC sa bhliain 1945, agus d’oibrigh sé le hEòghan Mac a' Phì ar dtús. D’oibrigh sé mar léiritheoir teilifíse agus raidió, agus rinne sé obair mhór chun a chinntiú go mbeadh níos mó meas ar an nGàidhlig sna meáin seo. D’eagraigh sé Comann Dràma Gàidhlig. Rinne sé eagarthóireacht ar iris Sgoil Phort Rìgh, ''An Cabairneach''. <ref>{{Cite web-en|url=http://www.skyelit.co.uk/prose/creat2.htm}}</ref> Scríobh sé trí úrscéal i [[An Béarla|mBéarla]], ag plé leis an saol [[Na hOileáin Siar|sna]] [[:gd:Na_h-Eileanan_Siar|h-Eileanan Siar]] idir [[An Chéad Chogadh Domhanda|an Cogadh Mór]] agus [[an Dara Cogadh Domhanda]] . Bhí colún seachtainiúil aige i ''Weekly Scotland'' . === ''Gairm'' === Sa bhliain 1951, bhunaigh sé féin agus [[:gd:Ruaraidh_MacThòmais|Ruaraidh MacThòmais]] ''[[Gairm]]'', iris ráithiúil Ghàidhlig. Foilsíodh í ó 1952 go 2002. Mar a scríobh Ruaraidh MacThòmais::<blockquote>"Chuir sinn Gairm air chois còmhla, agus 's iomadh feasgar is oidhche a bha sinn an sàs ann, anns na bliadhnachan tràtha sin. Bha fasan againn a bhith coinneachadh, nuair a bha dearbhaidhean a' chlò uile ri làimh, gus an ath àireamh a chur ri chèile. 'S ann an còmhnaidh air an fheasgar a thòisicheadh sinn, agus 's ann ainneamh a bhiodh an obair ullamh roimhe thrì no ceithir a dh'uairean an ath mhadainn." (Gairm 141, d. 11). <ref>[[Ian Grimble]]. "The Poet and Scholar as Journalist." Fèill-Sgrìbhinn do Ruaraidh MacThòmais. Scottish Gaelic Studies, Vol. XVII 1996. D. 159.</ref>. </blockquote>( Aistriúchán; "Chuireamar Gairm ar bun le chéile, agus is iomaí tráthnóna is oíche a bhíomar i mbun oibre air, sna blianta tosaigh sin. Bhíodh sé de nós againn bualadh le chéile, nuair a bhí na profaí go léir againn, chun an chéad uimhir eile a chur le chéile. Thosaimis i gcónaí tráthnóna, agus is annamh a bhí an obair críochnaithe roimh a trí nó a ceathair ar maidin an lá dar gcionn.") Bhí an dís acu ina n-eagarthóirí go dtí 1964. Ina dhiaidh sin, bhí Ruaraidh MacThòmais ag eagarthóireacht Gairm ina aonar. == Leabharliosta == ** ''Crowdie and Cream (1982)'' ** ''Crotal and White (1983)'' ** ''The Corncrake and the Lysander (1985)'' == Gearrscéalta == * "Air Beulaibh an t-Sluaigh" == Scannáin <ref>{{Cite web-en|url=http://www.imdb.com/name/nm2954093/}}</ref> == === Mar léiritheoir === * ''A Boy in Harris'' 1966 * ''Spindrift'' 1959 * ''The Highlander'' 1959 * ''Tolka Row'' 1959 * ''The Twelve Pound Look'' 1957 === Mar scríbhneoir === * ''Gruth agus Uachdar'' 2002 * ''The World About Us: The Corncrake and the Croft'' 1977 === Mar mhaoirseoir === * ''The Twelve Pound Look'' 1957 == Bunús == <references /> == Naisc sheachtracha == * [https://finlayjmacdonald.wordpress.com Finlay J Macdonald: The Forgotten Auteur] (suíomh gréasáin cruthaithe ag muintir Macdonald, le haiste taighde le Mhairi Brennan ar a chuid oibre agus gearrthóga ó na scannáin) * {{Cite web-en|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZSJNAFfX_K0}} (gearrscannán scríofa agus inste ag Finlay J. MacDonald) * {{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/naidheachdan/sgeulachdan/c4gdr8n4p3lo|ainm=Alasdair}} * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WA6XTS1TlC0 Finlay J Macdonald ag 100 | Finlay J Macdonald ag 100] (seimineár ar líne, Cumann Idirnáisiúnta um Staidéar ar Litríocht na hAlban, léachtaí le Mhairi Brennan, Rob Dunbar, agus Petra Johana Poncarová) s4a91jewy4fdzw4x07rmjxeee7knruv 1321725 1321724 2026-07-26T19:09:59Z Ériugena 188 1321725 wikitext text/x-wiki {{WD Bosca Sonraí Duine}} Ba eagarthóir, léiritheoir teilifíse agus raidió é '''Fionnlagh Iain MacDhòmhnaill''' (1925-1987), ar [[An Béarla|a dtugtar]] '''''Finlay J Macdonald''''' freisin. Rugadh agus tógadh é i Sgarasda, [[:gd:Na_Hearadh|na Hearadh]], sa bhliain 1925. Bhí Gàidhlig aige ó thús. Fuair sé a chuid oideachais i [[:gd:Sgoil_Phort_Rìgh|Sgoil Phort Rìgh]] agus in [[Ollscoil Ghlaschú]] . == Saothair == Chuaigh sé isteach sa BhBC sa bhliain 1945, agus d’oibrigh sé le hEòghan Mac a' Phì ar dtús. D’oibrigh sé mar léiritheoir teilifíse agus raidió, agus rinne sé obair mhór chun a chinntiú go mbeadh níos mó meas ar an nGàidhlig sna meáin seo. D’eagraigh sé Comann Dràma Gàidhlig. Rinne sé eagarthóireacht ar iris Sgoil Phort Rìgh, ''An Cabairneach''. <ref>{{Cite web-en|url=http://www.skyelit.co.uk/prose/creat2.htm}}</ref> Scríobh sé trí úrscéal i [[An Béarla|mBéarla]], ag plé leis an saol [[Na hOileáin Siar|sna]] [[:gd:Na_h-Eileanan_Siar|h-Eileanan Siar]] idir [[An Chéad Chogadh Domhanda|an Cogadh Mór]] agus [[an Dara Cogadh Domhanda]] . Bhí colún seachtainiúil aige i ''Weekly Scotland'' . === ''Gairm'' === Sa bhliain 1951, bhunaigh sé féin agus [[:gd:Ruaraidh_MacThòmais|Ruaraidh MacThòmais]] ''[[Gairm]]'', iris ráithiúil Ghàidhlig. Foilsíodh í ó 1952 go 2002. Mar a scríobh Ruaraidh MacThòmais::<blockquote>"Chuir sinn Gairm air chois còmhla, agus 's iomadh feasgar is oidhche a bha sinn an sàs ann, anns na bliadhnachan tràtha sin. Bha fasan againn a bhith coinneachadh, nuair a bha dearbhaidhean a' chlò uile ri làimh, gus an ath àireamh a chur ri chèile. 'S ann an còmhnaidh air an fheasgar a thòisicheadh sinn, agus 's ann ainneamh a bhiodh an obair ullamh roimhe thrì no ceithir a dh'uairean an ath mhadainn." (Gairm 141, d. 11). <ref>[[Ian Grimble]]. "The Poet and Scholar as Journalist." Fèill-Sgrìbhinn do Ruaraidh MacThòmais. Scottish Gaelic Studies, Vol. XVII 1996. D. 159.</ref>. </blockquote>( Aistriúchán; "Chuireamar Gairm ar bun le chéile, agus is iomaí tráthnóna is oíche a bhíomar i mbun oibre air, sna blianta tosaigh sin. Bhíodh sé de nós againn bualadh le chéile, nuair a bhí na profaí go léir againn, chun an chéad uimhir eile a chur le chéile. Thosaimis i gcónaí tráthnóna, agus is annamh a bhí an obair críochnaithe roimh a trí nó a ceathair ar maidin an lá dar gcionn.") Bhí an dís acu ina n-eagarthóirí go dtí 1964. Ina dhiaidh sin, bhí Ruaraidh MacThòmais ag eagarthóireacht Gairm ina aonar. == Leabharliosta == ** ''Crowdie and Cream (1982)'' ** ''Crotal and White (1983)'' ** ''The Corncrake and the Lysander (1985)'' == Gearrscéalta == * "Air Beulaibh an t-Sluaigh" == Scannáin <ref>{{Cite web-en|url=http://www.imdb.com/name/nm2954093/}}</ref> == === Mar léiritheoir === * ''A Boy in Harris'' 1966 * ''Spindrift'' 1959 * ''The Highlander'' 1959 * ''Tolka Row'' 1959 * ''The Twelve Pound Look'' 1957 === Mar scríbhneoir === * ''Gruth agus Uachdar'' 2002 * ''The World About Us: The Corncrake and the Croft'' 1977 === Mar mhaoirseoir === * ''The Twelve Pound Look'' 1957 == Bunús == <references /> == Naisc sheachtracha == * [https://finlayjmacdonald.wordpress.com Finlay J Macdonald: The Forgotten Auteur] (suíomh gréasáin cruthaithe ag muintir Macdonald, le haiste taighde le Mhairi Brennan ar a chuid oibre agus gearrthóga ó na scannáin) * {{Cite web-en|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZSJNAFfX_K0}} (gearrscannán scríofa agus inste ag Finlay J. MacDonald) * {{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/naidheachdan/sgeulachdan/c4gdr8n4p3lo|ainm=Alasdair}} * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WA6XTS1TlC0 Finlay J Macdonald ag 100 | Finlay J Macdonald ag 100] (seimineár ar líne, Cumann Idirnáisiúnta um Staidéar ar Litríocht na hAlban, léachtaí le Mhairi Brennan, Rob Dunbar, agus Petra Johana Poncarová) r4f3jldq88qdip7mw5dg4vfjcmr8ge3 1321726 1321725 2026-07-26T19:12:26Z Ériugena 188 1321726 wikitext text/x-wiki {{WD Bosca Sonraí Duine}} Ba eagarthóir, léiritheoir teilifíse agus raidió é '''Fionnlagh Iain MacDhòmhnaill''' (1925-1987), ar [[An Béarla|a dtugtar]] '''''Finlay J Macdonald''''' freisin. Rugadh agus tógadh é i Sgarasda, [[:gd:Na_Hearadh|na Hearadh]], sa bhliain 1925. Bhí Gàidhlig aige ó thús. Fuair sé a chuid oideachais i [[:gd:Sgoil_Phort_Rìgh|Sgoil Phort Rìgh]] agus in [[Ollscoil Ghlaschú]] . == Saothair == Chuaigh sé isteach sa BhBC sa bhliain 1945, agus d’oibrigh sé le hEòghan Mac a' Phì ar dtús. D’oibrigh sé mar léiritheoir teilifíse agus raidió, agus rinne sé obair mhór chun a chinntiú go mbeadh níos mó meas ar an nGàidhlig sna meáin seo. D’eagraigh sé Comann Dràma Gàidhlig. Rinne sé eagarthóireacht ar iris Sgoil Phort Rìgh, ''An Cabairneach''. <ref>{{Cite web-en|url=http://www.skyelit.co.uk/prose/creat2.htm}}</ref> Scríobh sé trí úrscéal i [[An Béarla|mBéarla]], ag plé leis an saol [[Na hOileáin Siar|sna]] [[:gd:Na_h-Eileanan_Siar|h-Eileanan Siar]] idir [[An Chéad Chogadh Domhanda|an Cogadh Mór]] agus [[an Dara Cogadh Domhanda]] . Bhí colún seachtainiúil aige i ''Weekly Scotland'' . === ''Gairm'' === Sa bhliain 1951, bhunaigh sé féin agus [[:gd:Ruaraidh_MacThòmais|Ruaraidh MacThòmais]] ''[[Gairm]]'', iris ráithiúil Ghàidhlig. Foilsíodh í ó 1952 go 2002. Mar a scríobh Ruaraidh MacThòmais::<blockquote>"Chuir sinn Gairm air chois còmhla, agus 's iomadh feasgar is oidhche a bha sinn an sàs ann, anns na bliadhnachan tràtha sin. Bha fasan againn a bhith coinneachadh, nuair a bha dearbhaidhean a' chlò uile ri làimh, gus an ath àireamh a chur ri chèile. 'S ann an còmhnaidh air an fheasgar a thòisicheadh sinn, agus 's ann ainneamh a bhiodh an obair ullamh roimhe thrì no ceithir a dh'uairean an ath mhadainn." (Gairm 141, d. 11). <ref>[[Ian Grimble]]. "The Poet and Scholar as Journalist." Fèill-Sgrìbhinn do Ruaraidh MacThòmais. Scottish Gaelic Studies, Vol. XVII 1996. D. 159.</ref>. </blockquote>( Aistriúchán; "Chuireamar Gairm ar bun le chéile, agus is iomaí tráthnóna is oíche a bhíomar i mbun oibre air, sna blianta tosaigh sin. Bhíodh sé de nós againn bualadh le chéile, nuair a bhí na profaí go léir againn, chun an chéad uimhir eile a chur le chéile. Thosaimis i gcónaí tráthnóna, agus is annamh a bhí an obair críochnaithe roimh a trí nó a ceathair ar maidin an lá dar gcionn.") Bhí an dís acu ina n-eagarthóirí go dtí 1964. Ina dhiaidh sin, bhí Ruaraidh MacThòmais ag eagarthóireacht Gairm ina aonar. == Leabharliosta == ** ''Crowdie and Cream (1982)'' ** ''Crotal and White (1983)'' ** ''The Corncrake and the Lysander (1985)'' == Gearrscéalta == * "Air Beulaibh an t-Sluaigh" == Scannáin <ref>{{Cite web-en|url=http://www.imdb.com/name/nm2954093/}}</ref> == === Mar léiritheoir === * ''A Boy in Harris'' 1966 * ''Spindrift'' 1959 * ''The Highlander'' 1959 * ''Tolka Row'' 1959 * ''The Twelve Pound Look'' 1957 === Mar scríbhneoir === * ''Gruth agus Uachdar'' 2002 * ''The World About Us: The Corncrake and the Croft'' 1977 === Mar mhaoirseoir === * ''The Twelve Pound Look'' 1957 == Bunús == <references /> == Naisc sheachtracha == * [https://finlayjmacdonald.wordpress.com Finlay J Macdonald: The Forgotten Auteur] (suíomh gréasáin cruthaithe ag muintir Macdonald, le haiste taighde le Mhairi Brennan ar a chuid oibre agus gearrthóga ó na scannáin) * {{Cite web-en|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZSJNAFfX_K0}} (gearrscannán scríofa agus inste ag Finlay J. MacDonald) * {{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/naidheachdan/sgeulachdan/c4gdr8n4p3lo|ainm=Alasdair}} * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WA6XTS1TlC0 Finlay J Macdonald ag 100 | Finlay J Macdonald ag 100] (seimineár ar líne, Cumann Idirnáisiúnta um Staidéar ar Litríocht na hAlban, léachtaí le Mhairi Brennan, Rob Dunbar, agus Petra Johana Poncarová) * [https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/m002gxfq A' Cuimhneachadh Finlay J] ozmc598xfi9uihi6r0ohcuk9jtfa4vz 0 127190 1321729 2026-07-26T19:27:07Z Ériugena 188 Ériugena moved page [[Fearghas Mór]] to [[Fearghas Mór mac Eirc]] over redirect 1321729 wikitext text/x-wiki #athsheoladh [[Fearghas Mór mac Eirc]] qc6i49pg1a6zx7lz7uvnverz6gjv7b9 2 127191 1321748 2026-07-26T22:46:21Z TGcoa 21229 Leathanach cruthaithe le 'CSS html, body, #content { background-color: #000000 !important; color: #ffffff !important; }' 1321748 css text/css CSS html, body, #content { background-color: #000000 !important; color: #ffffff !important; } gkto8fb6vooirzeltrl0txlotz7u2j0 1321749 1321748 2026-07-26T22:49:09Z TGcoa 21229 1321749 css text/css html, body, #content { background-color: #000000 !important; color: #ffffff !important; } p1iyak00h2rboxgctrn99xogao5le2g 1321750 1321749 2026-07-26T22:51:40Z TGcoa 21229 1321750 css text/css /* Force dark background on body, main layout, and navigation */ html, body, #content, #mw-page-base, #mw-head, #mw-panel, .vector-header-container, .vector-page-toolbar, .mw-page-container { background-color: #000000 !important; color: #ffffff !important; } /* Ensure links remain readable on black */ a, .mw-body a { color: #63b3ed !important; } /* Fix text color for headings and sidebar text */ h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6, p, span, div, label { color: #e2e8f0 !important; } chwmeixttxihjygz4g58sbq00pz4ihb 1321761 1321750 2026-07-26T23:01:59Z TGcoa 21229 Blanked the page 1321761 css text/css phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1 2 127192 1321751 2026-07-26T22:53:57Z TGcoa 21229 Leathanach cruthaithe le '/* Force dark background on body, main layout, and navigation */ html, body, #content, #mw-page-base, #mw-head, #mw-panel, .vector-header-container, .vector-page-toolbar, .mw-page-container { background-color: #000000 !important; color: #ffffff !important; } /* Ensure links remain readable on black */ a, .mw-body a { color: #63b3ed !important; } /* Fix text color for headings and sidebar text */ h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6, p, span, div, label { colo...' 1321751 css text/css /* Force dark background on body, main layout, and navigation */ html, body, #content, #mw-page-base, #mw-head, #mw-panel, .vector-header-container, .vector-page-toolbar, .mw-page-container { background-color: #000000 !important; color: #ffffff !important; } /* Ensure links remain readable on black */ a, .mw-body a { color: #63b3ed !important; } /* Fix text color for headings and sidebar text */ h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6, p, span, div, label { color: #e2e8f0 !important; } 9vllz1ogob2swsmgucz2smia5uk1yg0 1321752 1321751 2026-07-26T22:56:09Z TGcoa 21229 1321752 css text/css /* Main Page Layout & Backgrounds */ html, body, #content, #mw-page-base, #mw-head, #mw-panel, .vector-header-container, .vector-page-toolbar, .mw-page-container, .mw-body, #mw-content-text { background-color: #000000 !important; color: #ffffff !important; } /* Fix Editor Box, Inputs, & Code Containers */ textarea, input, select, .mw-code, .ace_editor, pre, code, .mw-editfont { background-color: #121212 !important; color: #e2e8f0 !important; border-color: #333333 !important; } /* Navigation Tabs & Header Buttons */ .vector-menu-tabs, .vector-menu-tabs li, .vector-menu-tabs a, #p-views li, #p-cactions, .vector-header, .vector-header * { background-color: #1a1a1a !important; color: #ffffff !important; } /* Links & Text Contrast */ a, .mw-body a { color: #63b3ed !important; } a:visited { color: #b794f4 !important; } h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6, p, span, div, label, li { color: #e2e8f0 !important; } 87we1lj72xdt3dxudbsc9krb0xqt7hm 1321753 1321752 2026-07-26T22:58:21Z TGcoa 21229 1321753 css text/css /* Main Page Layout & Backgrounds */ html, body, #content, #mw-page-base, #mw-head, #mw-panel, .vector-header-container, .vector-page-toolbar, .mw-page-container, .mw-body, #mw-content-text { background-color: #000000 !important; color: #ffffff !important; } /* Fix Table of Contents (TOC) */ #toc, .toc, .mw-warning, .toccolours { background-color: #121212 !important; border-color: #333333 !important; color: #e2e8f0 !important; } #toc a, .toc a { color: #63b3ed !important; } /* Fix Infoboxes & Data Tables */ table.infobox, table.wikitable, .infobox_v3, .biography { background-color: #121212 !important; color: #e2e8f0 !important; border-color: #333333 !important; } /* Infobox Headers, Cells, and Sub-headers */ table.infobox th, table.infobox td, table.wikitable th, table.wikitable td, .infobox header, .infobox caption, .infobox .header { background-color: #1e1e1e !important; color: #ffffff !important; border-color: #333333 !important; } /* Fix Editor Box, Inputs, & Code Containers */ textarea, input, select, .mw-code, .ace_editor, pre, code, .mw-editfont { background-color: #121212 !important; color: #e2e8f0 !important; border-color: #333333 !important; } /* Navigation Tabs & Header Buttons */ .vector-menu-tabs, .vector-menu-tabs li, .vector-menu-tabs a, #p-views li, #p-cactions, .vector-header, .vector-header * { background-color: #1a1a1a !important; color: #ffffff !important; } /* Link Visibility */ a, .mw-body a { color: #63b3ed !important; } a:visited { color: #b794f4 !important; } h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6, p, span, div, label, li { color: #e2e8f0 !important; } 7gf34u3scif1knxa1vurdgj23trxh7d 1321760 1321753 2026-07-26T23:01:04Z TGcoa 21229 Blanked the page 1321760 css text/css phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1 0 127193 1321773 2026-07-26T23:07:05Z TGcoa 21229 Leathanach cruthaithe le 'Polaiteoir agus iar-thaidhleoir Briotanach é Hamish Nicholas Falconer (rugadh an 20 Nollaig 1985). Tá sé ina Aire um Chaidreamh Idir-Rialtasach agus Eorpach ó mhí Iúil 2026. Ball den Lucht Oibre é, agus tá sé ina Fheisire Parlaiminte (MP) ar son Lincoln ó 2024. == Óige == Rugadh Hamish Nicholas Falconer an 20 Nollaig 1985, mac le Charlie Falconer, an Barún Falconer of Thoroton, a bhí ina Sheansailéir ar an mBreatain faoi Tony Blair. D'fhreastail Fal...' 1321773 wikitext text/x-wiki Polaiteoir agus iar-thaidhleoir Briotanach é Hamish Nicholas Falconer (rugadh an 20 Nollaig 1985). Tá sé ina Aire um Chaidreamh Idir-Rialtasach agus Eorpach ó mhí Iúil 2026. Ball den Lucht Oibre é, agus tá sé ina Fheisire Parlaiminte (MP) ar son Lincoln ó 2024. == Óige == Rugadh Hamish Nicholas Falconer an 20 Nollaig 1985, mac le Charlie Falconer, an Barún Falconer of Thoroton, a bhí ina Sheansailéir ar an mBreatain faoi Tony Blair. D'fhreastail Falconer ar Scoil Westminster agus ansin ar St John's College, Cambridge, agus bhain sé céim amach in Eolaíocht Dhaonna, Shóisialta agus Pholaitiúil in 2008, sular chuaigh sé isteach sa tseirbhís taidhleoireachta. == Gairm luath == D'oibrigh Falconer i Roinn Fhorbartha Idirnáisiúnta rialtas na Ríochta Aontaithe ó 2009 go 2013, agus ansin san Oifig Eachtrach agus Chomhlathais go dtí 2022. Bhí a shlí bheatha taidhleoireachta dírithe ar an tslándáil náisiúnta agus ar fhaoiseamh daonnúil, lena n-áirítear aisghabháil giall. Le linn dó a bheith san Oifig Eachtrach, chaith sé bliain in Ollscoil Yale mar "World Fellow." Tar éis dó an Roinn Gnóthaí Eachtracha, Comhlathais agus Forbartha a fhágáil, d'oibrigh Falconer mar chomhalta comhlach ag an IPPR, agus bhí sé ina chomhalta beartais ag an gcomhlacht smaointeoireachta Labour Together, agus é ina iarrthóir do Pharlaimint ag an am céanna. == Gairm pharlaiminteach == Go gairid tar éis dó a bheith tofa ina Fheisire Parlaiminte ar son Lincoln i mí Iúil 2024, ceapadh Falconer ina Fho-Rúnaí Stáit Parlaiminteach don Mheánoirthear, don Afganastáin agus don Phacastáin ag an bPríomh-Aire Keir Starmer. === Aire san Oifig Eachtrach (2024–2026) === Mar Aire don Mheánoirthear agus don Afraic Thuaidh, bhí sé freagrach as bualadh leis an ngníomhaí polaitiúil Éigipteach-Briotanach Alaa Abd El-Fattah. Chuir Falconer síos ar an dúshlán a bhain lena scaoileadh saor ón bpríosún mar rud a bhí ag barr a liosta tosaíochtaí féin, chomh maith le liosta an Rúnaí Eachtraigh agus an Phríomh-Aire. Dúirt sé go raibh sé an-sásta nuair a shroich El-Fattah an Ríocht Aontaithe ag deireadh mhí na Nollag 2025. Tharraing sé seo conspóid ina dhiaidh sin nuair a tháinig seanphostálacha ar X (Twitter roimhe seo) chun solais inar chuir El-Fattah síos ar mhuintir na Breataine mar "madraí agus moncaithe," agus inar dhealraigh sé go raibh sé ag tacú le marú Zionistí agus le marú póilíní. Cúisíodh é ag an Scáth-Rúnaí Eachtrach, an Bantiarna Priti Patel, as an Teach na dTeachtaí a chur amú d'aon ghnó, ó mhaígh sé go raibh sé sa Mheánoirthear "ag brú ar son na síochána" i mí an Mhárta 2025, cé gur feiceadh é ag Ronnie Scott's, club snagcheoil cáiliúil i Londain. Bhí sé i láthair ag ócáid a d'eagraigh an grúpa SME4Labour, a dheimhnigh go raibh sé i láthair ag lón bliantúil an ghrúpa. Bhí Falconer faoi imscrúdú i mí Aibreáin 2025 mar gheall ar sárú ar Chód na nAirí, tar éis dó mainneachtain a scairsealbhaíocht sa chomhlacht comhairleoireachta Upon a Hill Limited a chlárú. Bhí Falconer faoi ghéarghrinnscrúdú parlaiminte tromchúiseach agus faoi cháineadh as seasamh rialtas Starmer a chosaint ar an gcogadh in Gaza — an seasamh nach raibh Iosrael ag déanamh cinedhíothú ann, seasamh a bhí contrártha do thuarascáil ó Choimisiún Fiosrúcháin de chuid na Náisiún Aontaithe a dhearbhaigh go raibh a leithéid de ghníomhartha ar siúl. Lean Falconer ar aghaidh ag cosaint bheartas rialtas na Ríochta Aontaithe, rud as ar cúisíodh é as an bpobal agus baill den Lucht Oibre a chur amú, agus figiúirí de chuid an pháirtí ar nós John McDonnell ag cáineadh an rialtais as diúltú aghaidh a thabhairt ar an téarma cinedhíothú in ainneoin thorthaí na Náisiún Aontaithe. I mí Iúil 2026, dhiúltaigh Falconer freagra a thabhairt ar cheisteanna ó iriseoir de chuid Declassified UK maidir le mainneachtain rialtas na Ríochta Aontaithe stop a chur le saoránaigh Bhriotanacha a bhí ag troid ar son Iosrael in Gaza agus a d'fhéadfadh coireanna cogaidh a bheith déanta acu. Tháinig sé seo tar éis do bhreis is 26,000 duine litir a shíniú ag iarraidh ar an Oifig Ghnóthaí Eachtracha, Comhlathais agus Forbartha imscrúdú a dhéanamh ar shaoránaigh na Ríochta Aontaithe a throid in Gaza. I mí Feabhra 2026, ba chúis mearbhaill taidhleoireachta é a bhfuair sé le rá faoi shos i margadh aistrithe Oileáin Chagos, agus b'éigean don Oifig Ghnóthaí Eachtracha, Comhlathais agus Forbartha a rá gur "labhair sé as bealach" agus nach raibh aon sos tarlaithe i ndáiríre. === Gairm sa Chomh-Aireacht (2026–i láthair) === An 20 Iúil 2026, ardaíodh Falconer go dtí an Comh-Aireacht faoi Andy Burnham, agus ceapadh ina Aire um Chaidreamh Idir-Rialtasach agus Eorpach é i gComh-Aireacht Burnham. == Dearcadh polaitiúil == Vótáil Falconer i bhfabhar tástáil mhaoine a chur i bhfeidhm ar Íocaíocht Bhreosla an Gheimhridh do phinsinéirí. == Onóracha == An 21 Iúil 2026, tugadh isteach sa Chomhairle Phríobháideach é, rud a thugann teideal dó "An Fíoroirmheasúil" a úsáid ar feadh a shaoil. jnajjh4skhl5vo2yf52jichp3tlrfzz 1321775 1321773 2026-07-26T23:09:20Z TGcoa 21229 1321775 wikitext text/x-wiki {{WD Bosca Sonraí Duine}} Polaiteoir agus iar-thaidhleoir Briotanach é Hamish Nicholas Falconer (rugadh an 20 Nollaig 1985). Tá sé ina Aire um Chaidreamh Idir-Rialtasach agus Eorpach ó mhí Iúil 2026. Ball den Lucht Oibre é, agus tá sé ina Fheisire Parlaiminte (MP) ar son Lincoln ó 2024. == Óige == Rugadh Hamish Nicholas Falconer an 20 Nollaig 1985, mac le Charlie Falconer, an Barún Falconer of Thoroton, a bhí ina Sheansailéir ar an mBreatain faoi Tony Blair. D'fhreastail Falconer ar Scoil Westminster agus ansin ar St John's College, Cambridge, agus bhain sé céim amach in Eolaíocht Dhaonna, Shóisialta agus Pholaitiúil in 2008, sular chuaigh sé isteach sa tseirbhís taidhleoireachta. == Gairm luath == D'oibrigh Falconer i Roinn Fhorbartha Idirnáisiúnta rialtas na Ríochta Aontaithe ó 2009 go 2013, agus ansin san Oifig Eachtrach agus Chomhlathais go dtí 2022. Bhí a shlí bheatha taidhleoireachta dírithe ar an tslándáil náisiúnta agus ar fhaoiseamh daonnúil, lena n-áirítear aisghabháil giall. Le linn dó a bheith san Oifig Eachtrach, chaith sé bliain in Ollscoil Yale mar "World Fellow." Tar éis dó an Roinn Gnóthaí Eachtracha, Comhlathais agus Forbartha a fhágáil, d'oibrigh Falconer mar chomhalta comhlach ag an IPPR, agus bhí sé ina chomhalta beartais ag an gcomhlacht smaointeoireachta Labour Together, agus é ina iarrthóir do Pharlaimint ag an am céanna. == Gairm pharlaiminteach == Go gairid tar éis dó a bheith tofa ina Fheisire Parlaiminte ar son Lincoln i mí Iúil 2024, ceapadh Falconer ina Fho-Rúnaí Stáit Parlaiminteach don Mheánoirthear, don Afganastáin agus don Phacastáin ag an bPríomh-Aire Keir Starmer. === Aire san Oifig Eachtrach (2024–2026) === Mar Aire don Mheánoirthear agus don Afraic Thuaidh, bhí sé freagrach as bualadh leis an ngníomhaí polaitiúil Éigipteach-Briotanach Alaa Abd El-Fattah. Chuir Falconer síos ar an dúshlán a bhain lena scaoileadh saor ón bpríosún mar rud a bhí ag barr a liosta tosaíochtaí féin, chomh maith le liosta an Rúnaí Eachtraigh agus an Phríomh-Aire. Dúirt sé go raibh sé an-sásta nuair a shroich El-Fattah an Ríocht Aontaithe ag deireadh mhí na Nollag 2025. Tharraing sé seo conspóid ina dhiaidh sin nuair a tháinig seanphostálacha ar X (Twitter roimhe seo) chun solais inar chuir El-Fattah síos ar mhuintir na Breataine mar "madraí agus moncaithe," agus inar dhealraigh sé go raibh sé ag tacú le marú Zionistí agus le marú póilíní. Cúisíodh é ag an Scáth-Rúnaí Eachtrach, an Bantiarna Priti Patel, as an Teach na dTeachtaí a chur amú d'aon ghnó, ó mhaígh sé go raibh sé sa Mheánoirthear "ag brú ar son na síochána" i mí an Mhárta 2025, cé gur feiceadh é ag Ronnie Scott's, club snagcheoil cáiliúil i Londain. Bhí sé i láthair ag ócáid a d'eagraigh an grúpa SME4Labour, a dheimhnigh go raibh sé i láthair ag lón bliantúil an ghrúpa. Bhí Falconer faoi imscrúdú i mí Aibreáin 2025 mar gheall ar sárú ar Chód na nAirí, tar éis dó mainneachtain a scairsealbhaíocht sa chomhlacht comhairleoireachta Upon a Hill Limited a chlárú. Bhí Falconer faoi ghéarghrinnscrúdú parlaiminte tromchúiseach agus faoi cháineadh as seasamh rialtas Starmer a chosaint ar an gcogadh in Gaza — an seasamh nach raibh Iosrael ag déanamh cinedhíothú ann, seasamh a bhí contrártha do thuarascáil ó Choimisiún Fiosrúcháin de chuid na Náisiún Aontaithe a dhearbhaigh go raibh a leithéid de ghníomhartha ar siúl. Lean Falconer ar aghaidh ag cosaint bheartas rialtas na Ríochta Aontaithe, rud as ar cúisíodh é as an bpobal agus baill den Lucht Oibre a chur amú, agus figiúirí de chuid an pháirtí ar nós John McDonnell ag cáineadh an rialtais as diúltú aghaidh a thabhairt ar an téarma cinedhíothú in ainneoin thorthaí na Náisiún Aontaithe. I mí Iúil 2026, dhiúltaigh Falconer freagra a thabhairt ar cheisteanna ó iriseoir de chuid Declassified UK maidir le mainneachtain rialtas na Ríochta Aontaithe stop a chur le saoránaigh Bhriotanacha a bhí ag troid ar son Iosrael in Gaza agus a d'fhéadfadh coireanna cogaidh a bheith déanta acu. Tháinig sé seo tar éis do bhreis is 26,000 duine litir a shíniú ag iarraidh ar an Oifig Ghnóthaí Eachtracha, Comhlathais agus Forbartha imscrúdú a dhéanamh ar shaoránaigh na Ríochta Aontaithe a throid in Gaza. I mí Feabhra 2026, ba chúis mearbhaill taidhleoireachta é a bhfuair sé le rá faoi shos i margadh aistrithe Oileáin Chagos, agus b'éigean don Oifig Ghnóthaí Eachtracha, Comhlathais agus Forbartha a rá gur "labhair sé as bealach" agus nach raibh aon sos tarlaithe i ndáiríre. === Gairm sa Chomh-Aireacht (2026–i láthair) === An 20 Iúil 2026, ardaíodh Falconer go dtí an Comh-Aireacht faoi Andy Burnham, agus ceapadh ina Aire um Chaidreamh Idir-Rialtasach agus Eorpach é i gComh-Aireacht Burnham. == Dearcadh polaitiúil == Vótáil Falconer i bhfabhar tástáil mhaoine a chur i bhfeidhm ar Íocaíocht Bhreosla an Gheimhridh do phinsinéirí. == Onóracha == An 21 Iúil 2026, tugadh isteach sa Chomhairle Phríobháideach é, rud a thugann teideal dó "An Fíoroirmheasúil" a úsáid ar feadh a shaoil. == Féach freisin == == Tagairtí == {{reflist}} [[Catagóir:Daoine a rugadh i 1985]] [[Catagóir:Baill Pháirtí an Lucht Oibre]] [[Catagóir:Airí Rialtais na Ríochta Aontaithe]] 1n761acaj7kuq6u6tg9izg6xqqv6cdd 1321777 1321775 2026-07-26T23:18:11Z TGcoa 21229 1321777 wikitext text/x-wiki {{WD Bosca Sonraí Duine}} Polaiteoir agus taidhleoir Briotanach is ea '''Hamish Nicholas Falconer''' (a rugadh ar an 20 Nollaig 1985). Ceapadh é mar Aire um Chaidreamh Idir-Rialtasach agus Eorpach i mí Iúil 2026. Ball den [[Páirtí an Lucht Oibre (an Ríocht Aontaithe)|Lucht Oibre]] é, agus tá sé ina Fheisire Parlaiminte (MP) ar son Lincoln ó 2024. == Óige == Rugadh Hamish Nicholas Falconer an 20 Nollaig 1985, mac le Charlie Falconer, an Barún Falconer of Thoroton, a bhí ina Sheansailéir ar an mBreatain faoi Tony Blair. D'fhreastail Falconer ar Scoil Westminster agus ansin ar St John's College, Cambridge, agus bhain sé céim amach in Eolaíocht Dhaonna, Shóisialta agus Pholaitiúil in 2008, sular chuaigh sé isteach sa tseirbhís taidhleoireachta. == Gairm luath == D'oibrigh Falconer i Roinn Fhorbartha Idirnáisiúnta rialtas na Ríochta Aontaithe ó 2009 go 2013, agus ansin san Oifig Eachtrach agus Chomhlathais go dtí 2022. Bhí a shlí bheatha taidhleoireachta dírithe ar an tslándáil náisiúnta agus ar fhaoiseamh daonnúil, lena n-áirítear aisghabháil giall. Le linn dó a bheith san Oifig Eachtrach, chaith sé bliain in Ollscoil Yale mar "World Fellow." Tar éis dó an Roinn Gnóthaí Eachtracha, Comhlathais agus Forbartha a fhágáil, d'oibrigh Falconer mar chomhalta comhlach ag an IPPR, agus bhí sé ina chomhalta beartais ag an gcomhlacht smaointeoireachta Labour Together, agus é ina iarrthóir do Pharlaimint ag an am céanna. == Gairm pharlaiminteach == Go gairid tar éis dó a bheith tofa ina Fheisire Parlaiminte ar son Lincoln i mí Iúil 2024, ceapadh Falconer ina Fho-Rúnaí Stáit Parlaiminteach don Mheánoirthear, don Afganastáin agus don Phacastáin ag an bPríomh-Aire Keir Starmer. === Aire san Oifig Eachtrach (2024–2026) === Mar Aire don Mheánoirthear agus don Afraic Thuaidh, bhí sé freagrach as bualadh leis an ngníomhaí polaitiúil Éigipteach-Briotanach Alaa Abd El-Fattah. Chuir Falconer síos ar an dúshlán a bhain lena scaoileadh saor ón bpríosún mar rud a bhí ag barr a liosta tosaíochtaí féin, chomh maith le liosta an Rúnaí Eachtraigh agus an Phríomh-Aire. Dúirt sé go raibh sé an-sásta nuair a shroich El-Fattah an Ríocht Aontaithe ag deireadh mhí na Nollag 2025. Tharraing sé seo conspóid ina dhiaidh sin nuair a tháinig seanphostálacha ar X (Twitter roimhe seo) chun solais inar chuir El-Fattah síos ar mhuintir na Breataine mar "madraí agus moncaithe," agus inar dhealraigh sé go raibh sé ag tacú le marú Zionistí agus le marú póilíní. Cúisíodh é ag an Scáth-Rúnaí Eachtrach, an Bantiarna Priti Patel, as an Teach na dTeachtaí a chur amú d'aon ghnó, ó mhaígh sé go raibh sé sa Mheánoirthear "ag brú ar son na síochána" i mí an Mhárta 2025, cé gur feiceadh é ag Ronnie Scott's, club snagcheoil cáiliúil i Londain. Bhí sé i láthair ag ócáid a d'eagraigh an grúpa SME4Labour, a dheimhnigh go raibh sé i láthair ag lón bliantúil an ghrúpa. Bhí Falconer faoi imscrúdú i mí Aibreáin 2025 mar gheall ar sárú ar Chód na nAirí, tar éis dó mainneachtain a scairsealbhaíocht sa chomhlacht comhairleoireachta Upon a Hill Limited a chlárú. Bhí Falconer faoi ghéarghrinnscrúdú parlaiminte tromchúiseach agus faoi cháineadh as seasamh rialtas Starmer a chosaint ar an gcogadh in Gaza — an seasamh nach raibh Iosrael ag déanamh cinedhíothú ann, seasamh a bhí contrártha do thuarascáil ó Choimisiún Fiosrúcháin de chuid na Náisiún Aontaithe a dhearbhaigh go raibh a leithéid de ghníomhartha ar siúl. Lean Falconer ar aghaidh ag cosaint bheartas rialtas na Ríochta Aontaithe, rud as ar cúisíodh é as an bpobal agus baill den Lucht Oibre a chur amú, agus figiúirí de chuid an pháirtí ar nós John McDonnell ag cáineadh an rialtais as diúltú aghaidh a thabhairt ar an téarma cinedhíothú in ainneoin thorthaí na Náisiún Aontaithe. I mí Iúil 2026, dhiúltaigh Falconer freagra a thabhairt ar cheisteanna ó iriseoir de chuid Declassified UK maidir le mainneachtain rialtas na Ríochta Aontaithe stop a chur le saoránaigh Bhriotanacha a bhí ag troid ar son Iosrael in Gaza agus a d'fhéadfadh coireanna cogaidh a bheith déanta acu. Tháinig sé seo tar éis do bhreis is 26,000 duine litir a shíniú ag iarraidh ar an Oifig Ghnóthaí Eachtracha, Comhlathais agus Forbartha imscrúdú a dhéanamh ar shaoránaigh na Ríochta Aontaithe a throid in Gaza. I mí Feabhra 2026, ba chúis mearbhaill taidhleoireachta é a bhfuair sé le rá faoi shos i margadh aistrithe Oileáin Chagos, agus b'éigean don Oifig Ghnóthaí Eachtracha, Comhlathais agus Forbartha a rá gur "labhair sé as bealach" agus nach raibh aon sos tarlaithe i ndáiríre. === Gairm sa Chomh-Aireacht (2026–i láthair) === An 20 Iúil 2026, ardaíodh Falconer go dtí an Comh-Aireacht faoi Andy Burnham, agus ceapadh ina Aire um Chaidreamh Idir-Rialtasach agus Eorpach é i gComh-Aireacht Burnham. == Dearcadh polaitiúil == Vótáil Falconer i bhfabhar tástáil mhaoine a chur i bhfeidhm ar Íocaíocht Bhreosla an Gheimhridh do phinsinéirí. == Onóracha == An 21 Iúil 2026, tugadh isteach sa Chomhairle Phríobháideach é, rud a thugann teideal dó "An Fíoroirmheasúil" a úsáid ar feadh a shaoil. == Féach freisin == == Tagairtí == {{reflist}} [[Catagóir:Daoine a rugadh i 1985]] [[Catagóir:Baill Pháirtí an Lucht Oibre]] [[Catagóir:Airí Rialtais na Ríochta Aontaithe]] [[Catagóir:Alumni Ollscoil Cambridge]] jbnte3bqywsfhqctdh73drfmp223bf8 1321795 1321777 2026-07-27T08:22:26Z TGcoa 21229 1321795 wikitext text/x-wiki {{WD Bosca Sonraí Duine}} Polaiteoir agus taidhleoir Briotanach is ea an Ró-Onórach '''Hamish Nicholas Falconer''' (a rugadh ar an 20 Nollaig 1985). Ceapadh é mar Aire um Chaidreamh Idir-Rialtasach agus Eorpach i mí Iúil 2026. Ball den [[Páirtí an Lucht Oibre (an Ríocht Aontaithe)|Lucht Oibre]] é, agus tá sé ina Fheisire Parlaiminte (MP) ar son Lincoln ó 2024. Is mac é Falconer le hiar-fheisire de chuid an Lucht Oibre agus chaith sé blianta ag obair le seirbhís taidhleoireachta na Breataine. Tá roinnt conspóide tarraingthe aige air féin as ráitis atá déanta aige faoin [[An Meánoirthear|Meánoirthear]]. Bhí comhdhéanamh a oifige athraithe in 2026 agus sé ag obair taobh istigh den Roinn Gnóthaí Eachtracha, Comhlathais agus Forbartha agus ní raibh aon bhaint aige leis an Oifig Chomh-Aireachta mar a bhí go dtí mí Iúil 2026. Measann tráchtairí sa mBreatain go bhfuil an cumas idirbheartaíochta ag Falconer a theastódh dá mbeadh leasuithe le déanamh ar chomhaontuithe a bhaineann leis an mBreatimeacht.<ref name=":0">{{Lua idirlín|url=https://tuairisc.ie/andy-burnham-agus-an-caidreamh-idir-an-taontas-eorpach-agus-an-bhreatain/|teideal=Andy Burnham agus an caidreamh idir an tAontas Eorpach agus an Bhreatain|údar=Máirín Ní Ghadhra|dáta=24 Iúil 2026|language=ga-IE|work=Tuairisc.ie|dátarochtana=2026-07-27}}</ref> == Óige == Rugadh Hamish Nicholas Falconer an 20 Nollaig 1985, mac le Charlie Falconer, an Barún Falconer of Thoroton, a bhí ina Sheansailéir ar an mBreatain faoi [[Tony Blair]]. D'fhreastail Falconer ar Scoil Westminster agus ansin ar St John's College, Cambridge, agus bhain sé céim amach sa Pholaitíocht in 2008, sular chuaigh sé isteach sa tseirbhís taidhleoireachta. == Gairm luath == D'oibrigh Falconer i Roinn Fhorbartha Idirnáisiúnta [[rialtas na Ríochta Aontaithe]] ó 2009 go 2013, agus ansin san Oifig Eachtrach agus Chomhlathais go dtí 2022. Bhí a shlí bheatha taidhleoireachta dírithe ar an tslándáil náisiúnta agus ar fhaoiseamh daonnúil, lena n-áirítear aisghabháil giall. Le linn dó a bheith san Oifig Eachtrach, chaith sé bliain in Ollscoil Yale mar "World Fellow." Tar éis dó an Roinn Gnóthaí Eachtracha, Comhlathais agus Forbartha a fhágáil, d'oibrigh Falconer mar chomhalta comhlach ag an IPPR, agus bhí sé ina chomhalta beartais ag ''Labour Together'', agus é ina iarrthóir do Pharlaimint ag an am céanna. == Gairm == Go gairid tar éis dó a bheith tofa ina Fheisire Parlaiminte ar son Lincoln i mí Iúil 2024, ceapadh Falconer ina Fho-Rúnaí don Mheánoirthear, don Afganastáin agus don Phacastáin ag [[Keir Starmer]]. === Aire san Oifig Eachtrach (2024–2026) === Mar Aire don Mheánoirthear agus don Afraic Thuaidh, bhí sé freagrach as bualadh leis an ngníomhaí polaitiúil Éigipteach-Briotanach Alaa Abd El-Fattah. Chuir Falconer síos ar an dúshlán a bhain lena scaoileadh saor ón bpríosún. Dúirt sé go raibh sé an-sásta nuair a shroich El-Fattah an Ríocht Aontaithe ag deireadh mhí na Nollag 2025. Tharraing sé seo conspóid ina dhiaidh sin nuair a tháinig seanphostálacha ar X (Twitter roimhe seo) chun solais inar chuir El-Fattah síos ar mhuintir na Breataine mar "madraí agus moncaithe," agus inar dhealraigh sé go raibh sé ag tacú le marú póilíní. Mhaígh Falconer le linn 2024-2026 nach raibh Iosrael ag déanamh cinedhíothú in Gaza, seasamh a bhí contrártha do thuarascáil ó Choimisiún Fiosrúcháin de chuid na Náisiún Aontaithe. === Gairm sa Chomh-Aireacht (2026–i láthair) === An 20 Iúil 2026, ardaíodh Falconer go dtí an Comh-Aireacht faoi Andy Burnham, agus ceapadh ina Aire um Chaidreamh Idir-Rialtasach agus Eorpach é i gComh-Aireacht Burnham.<ref name=":0" /> == Onóracha == An 21 Iúil 2026, tugadh Falconer isteach sa Chomhairle Phríobháideach, rud a thugann teideal dó "an Ró-Onórach" a úsáid ar feadh a shaoil. == Féach freisin == == Tagairtí == {{reflist}} [[Catagóir:Daoine a rugadh i 1985]] [[Catagóir:Baill Pháirtí an Lucht Oibre]] [[Catagóir:Airí Rialtais na Ríochta Aontaithe]] [[Catagóir:Alumni Ollscoil Cambridge]] jwexhro23wo5mlnd2dfdues5hgqjk7i 1321796 1321795 2026-07-27T08:48:56Z TGcoa 21229 1321796 wikitext text/x-wiki {{WD Bosca Sonraí Duine}} Polaiteoir agus taidhleoir Briotanach is ea an Ró-Onórach '''Hamish Nicholas Falconer''' (a rugadh ar an 20 Nollaig 1985). Ceapadh é mar Aire um Chaidreamh Idir-Rialtasach agus Eorpach i mí Iúil 2026. Ball den [[Páirtí an Lucht Oibre (an Ríocht Aontaithe)|Lucht Oibre]] é, agus tá sé ina Fheisire Parlaiminte (MP) ar son Lincoln ó 2024. Is mac é Falconer le hiar-fheisire de chuid an Lucht Oibre agus chaith sé blianta ag obair le seirbhís taidhleoireachta na Breataine. Tá roinnt conspóide tarraingthe aige air féin as ráitis atá déanta aige faoin [[An Meánoirthear|Meánoirthear]]. Bhí comhdhéanamh a oifige athraithe in 2026 agus sé ag obair taobh istigh den Roinn Gnóthaí Eachtracha, Comhlathais agus Forbartha agus ní raibh aon bhaint aige leis an Oifig Chomh-Aireachta mar a bhí go dtí mí Iúil 2026. Measann tráchtairí sa mBreatain go bhfuil an cumas idirbheartaíochta ag Falconer a theastódh dá mbeadh leasuithe le déanamh ar chomhaontuithe a bhaineann leis an mBreatimeacht.<ref name=":0">{{Lua idirlín|url=https://tuairisc.ie/andy-burnham-agus-an-caidreamh-idir-an-taontas-eorpach-agus-an-bhreatain/|teideal=Andy Burnham agus an caidreamh idir an tAontas Eorpach agus an Bhreatain|údar=Máirín Ní Ghadhra|dáta=24 Iúil 2026|language=ga-IE|work=Tuairisc.ie|dátarochtana=2026-07-27}}</ref> [[Íomhá:Hamish Falconer MP.jpg|clé|mion|220x220px|2024]] [[Íomhá:18 November 2025, Aden, Yemen. UK Minister for the Middle East, Hamish Falconer MP, visits Yemen - 7.jpg|clé|mion|220x220px|Éimin, 2025]] [[Íomhá:Hamish Falconer 2025 (cropped).jpg|clé|mion|293x293px|2025]] [[Íomhá:Minister Falconer meets Syrian President (55179874755).jpg|clé|mion|220x220px|le [[Ahmed al-Sharaa]], Siria, 2026]] == Óige == Rugadh Hamish Nicholas Falconer an 20 Nollaig 1985, mac le Charlie Falconer, an Barún Falconer of Thoroton, a bhí ina Sheansailéir ar an mBreatain faoi [[Tony Blair]]. D'fhreastail Falconer ar Scoil Westminster agus ansin ar St John's College, Cambridge, agus bhain sé céim amach sa Pholaitíocht in 2008, sular chuaigh sé isteach sa tseirbhís taidhleoireachta. D'oibrigh Falconer i Roinn Fhorbartha Idirnáisiúnta [[rialtas na Ríochta Aontaithe]] ó 2009 go 2013, agus ansin san Oifig Eachtrach agus Chomhlathais go dtí 2022. Bhí a shlí bheatha taidhleoireachta dírithe ar an tslándáil náisiúnta agus ar fhaoiseamh daonnúil, lena n-áirítear aisghabháil giall. Le linn dó a bheith san Oifig Eachtrach, chaith sé bliain in Ollscoil Yale mar "World Fellow." Tar éis dó an Roinn Gnóthaí Eachtracha, Comhlathais agus Forbartha a fhágáil, d'oibrigh Falconer mar chomhalta comhlach ag an IPPR, agus bhí sé ina chomhalta beartais ag ''Labour Together'', agus é ina iarrthóir do Pharlaimint ag an am céanna. == Gairm == Go gairid tar éis dó a bheith tofa ina Fheisire Parlaiminte ar son Lincoln i mí Iúil 2024, ceapadh Falconer ina Fho-Rúnaí don Mheánoirthear, don Afganastáin agus don Phacastáin ag [[Keir Starmer]]. === Aire san Oifig Eachtrach (2024–2026) === Mar Aire don Mheánoirthear agus don Afraic Thuaidh, bhí sé freagrach as bualadh leis an ngníomhaí polaitiúil Éigipteach-Briotanach Alaa Abd El-Fattah. Chuir Falconer síos ar an dúshlán a bhain lena scaoileadh saor ón bpríosún. Dúirt sé go raibh sé an-sásta nuair a shroich El-Fattah an Ríocht Aontaithe ag deireadh mhí na Nollag 2025. Tharraing sé seo conspóid ina dhiaidh sin nuair a tháinig seanphostálacha ar X (Twitter roimhe seo) chun solais inar chuir El-Fattah síos ar mhuintir na Breataine mar "madraí agus moncaithe," agus inar dhealraigh sé go raibh sé ag tacú le marú póilíní. Mhaígh Falconer le linn 2024-2026 nach raibh Iosrael ag déanamh cinedhíothú in Gaza, seasamh a bhí contrártha do thuarascáil ó Choimisiún Fiosrúcháin de chuid na Náisiún Aontaithe. === Gairm sa Chomh-Aireacht (2026–i láthair) === An 20 Iúil 2026, ardaíodh Falconer go dtí an Comh-Aireacht faoi Andy Burnham, agus ceapadh ina Aire um Chaidreamh Idir-Rialtasach agus Eorpach é i gComh-Aireacht Burnham.<ref name=":0" /> == Onóracha == An 21 Iúil 2026, tugadh Falconer isteach sa Chomhairle Phríobháideach, rud a thugann teideal dó "an Ró-Onórach" a úsáid ar feadh a shaoil. == Féach freisin == == Tagairtí == {{reflist}} [[Catagóir:Daoine a rugadh i 1985]] [[Catagóir:Baill Pháirtí an Lucht Oibre]] [[Catagóir:Airí Rialtais na Ríochta Aontaithe]] [[Catagóir:Alumni Ollscoil Cambridge]] hq1tys6h7may8kxrejaheiejmy1o2oa 0 127194 1321779 2026-07-26T23:24:48Z Taghdtaighde 60452 Created by translating the page "[[:gd:Special:Redirect/revision/539203|Cothrom (iris)]]" 1321779 wikitext text/x-wiki B'é '''Cothrom''' an t-ainm a bhí ar iris ráithiúil [[Débhéascna|dhátheangach]] Chomann an Luchd-Ionnsachaidh. Ba é [[Ruairidh MacIlleathain]] an t-eagarthóir. [[Catagóir:Irisí Ghaeilge na hAlban]] j2o94ck6es8i9bgdez8eeqsk9cmk23w 0 127195 1321780 2026-07-26T23:25:00Z Taghdtaighde 60452 Created by translating the page "[[:gd:Special:Redirect/revision/568574|Gath (iris)]]" 1321780 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Gath''' ab ainm d'[[Irisleabhar|iris]] i n[[Gaeilge na hAlban]] a d'fhoilsíodh Gath Teoranta. Mar chomharba ar an iris ''[[Gairm]]'', foilsíodh an chéad eagrán ''de Gath'' i mí Lúnasa 2003. Bhí scéalta, aistí agus filíocht i ngach eagrán; foilsíodh breis is 500 scéal le linn na hirise.<ref name="comhairle" /> Chuir [[Bòrd na Gàidhlig]] maoiniú caipitil ar fáil agus foilsíodh ''Gath'' go leathbhliantúil idir 2003 agus 2008. Foilsíodh saothar le Crìsdean Whyte, Aonghas Phàdraig Caimbeul, [[Maoilios Caimbeul]], [[Meg Bateman]], [[Aonghas Dubh MacNeacail]], Iain Moireach, Alison Lang, [[Moray Watson]], Rob Shirley, [[Fionnlagh MacLeòid|Fionnlagh MacLeoid]], [[Gregor Addison]] agus Eilidh Rosach, san irisleabhar. Ba iad [[Dòmhnall Meek|Dòmhnall E. Meek]], [[Jo NicDhomhnaill]] agus Richard Cox na heagarthóirí.<ref name="comhairle" /> Ciallaíonn an t-ainm "Gath", teideal na hirise, sruth solais, m.sh. "ga gréine". == Tagairtí == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} [[Catagóir:Irisí Ghaeilge na hAlban]] o3yf3s1gsa4md1dkuaiymzyh656z1mo 0 127196 1321782 2026-07-26T23:33:22Z Taghdtaighde 60452 Created by translating the page "[[:gd:Special:Redirect/revision/561904|Là a’ Dèanamh Sgèil Do Là]]" 1321782 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Nobhail|AINM=Là a’ Dèanamh Sgèil Do Là|DEALBH=|SGRÌOBHADAIR=[[Aonghas Pàdraig Caimbeul]]|BLIADHNA FOILLSEACHAIDH=[[2004]]|CÀNAN=[[Gàidhlig]]|DÙTHAICH=[[Faidhle:Flag of Scotland.svg|20px]] [[Alba]]|GNÈ-SGRÌOBHAIDH=[[Nobhail]] Sòisealta|CUSPAIR=[[Saorsa]]|SUIDHICHTE=[[An t-Eilean Sgitheanach]]}}[[Úrscéal]] le Aonghas Pàdraig Caimbeul is ''ea '''Là a’ Dèanamh Sgèil Do Là''''' ([[2004]]). Feicimid [[teaghlach]] san [[An t-Eilean Sgitheanach|Oileán Sgitheanach]] agus duine leithleach a bhfuil tionchar mór aige ar a saol[?], ach tá sé seo sa [[Àm|todhchaí]], agus tá [[Lá|laethanta]] doirbhe, dorcha don [[Cinne-daonna|chine daonna]] ag teacht. In ainneoin sin, maireann an mian ar shaoirse, agus is féidir rudaí [[Míorúilt|míorúilteacha]] tharlú. hes7cxbi22dgpx2rk2i8xgfl7nzft0v 1321784 1321782 2026-07-26T23:54:29Z Taghdtaighde 60452 1321784 wikitext text/x-wiki {{WD Bosca Sonraí Leabhar |titol=Là a’ Dèanamh Sgèil Do Là |tipus=[[Úrscéal]] sóisialta |author=[[Aonghas Pàdraig Caimbeul]] |idioma=[[Gaeilge na hAlban]] |published=[[2004]] |publicat=[[Alba]] |temes=[[Saoirse]] |lloc_narracio=[[An t-Eilean Sgitheanach|An tOileán Sgitheanach]] }} [[Úrscéal]] le Aonghas Pàdraig Caimbeul is ''ea '''Là a’ Dèanamh Sgèil Do Là''''' ([[2004]]). Feicimid [[teaghlach]] san [[An t-Eilean Sgitheanach|Oileán Sgitheanach]] agus duine leithleach a bhfuil tionchar mór aige ar a saol[?], ach tá sé seo sa [[Àm|todhchaí]], agus tá [[Lá|laethanta]] doirbhe, dorcha don [[Cinne-daonna|chine daonna]] ag teacht. In ainneoin sin, maireann an mian ar shaoirse, agus is féidir rudaí [[Míorúilt|míorúilteacha]] tharlú. ==Tagairtí== {{reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:La a Deanamh Sgeil do La}} [[Catagóir:Ficsean eolaíochta i nGaeilge na hAlban]] [[Catagóir:Ficsean eolaíochta]] [[Catagóir:Úrscéalta Albanacha]] [[Catagóir:Úrscéalta Gaeilge]] [[Catagóir:Litríocht Ghaeilge na hAlban]] [[Catagóir:Leabhair a foilsíodh in 2004]] [[Catagóir:Leabhair a foilsíodh sna 2000idí]] {{Síol-leabhar}} lnumd4y1dujxa81fc8b9pyueguivchj 1321785 1321784 2026-07-26T23:57:46Z Taghdtaighde 60452 Teideal iodálach 1321785 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Teideal iodálach}} {{WD Bosca Sonraí Leabhar |titol=Là a’ Dèanamh Sgèil Do Là |tipus=[[Úrscéal]] sóisialta |author=[[Aonghas Pàdraig Caimbeul]] |idioma=[[Gaeilge na hAlban]] |published=[[2004]] |publicat=[[Alba]] |temes=[[Saoirse]] |lloc_narracio=[[An t-Eilean Sgitheanach|An tOileán Sgitheanach]] }} [[Úrscéal]] le Aonghas Pàdraig Caimbeul is ''ea '''Là a’ Dèanamh Sgèil Do Là''''' ([[2004]]). Feicimid [[teaghlach]] san [[An t-Eilean Sgitheanach|Oileán Sgitheanach]] agus duine leithleach a bhfuil tionchar mór aige ar a saol[?], ach tá sé seo sa [[Àm|todhchaí]], agus tá [[Lá|laethanta]] doirbhe, dorcha don [[Cinne-daonna|chine daonna]] ag teacht. In ainneoin sin, maireann an mian ar shaoirse, agus is féidir rudaí [[Míorúilt|míorúilteacha]] tharlú. ==Tagairtí== {{reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:La a Deanamh Sgeil do La}} [[Catagóir:Ficsean eolaíochta i nGaeilge na hAlban]] [[Catagóir:Ficsean eolaíochta]] [[Catagóir:Úrscéalta Albanacha]] [[Catagóir:Úrscéalta Gaeilge]] [[Catagóir:Litríocht Ghaeilge na hAlban]] [[Catagóir:Leabhair a foilsíodh in 2004]] [[Catagóir:Leabhair a foilsíodh sna 2000idí]] {{Síol-leabhar}} 9wxvm7xtkr4b50z09e82jq66pvqzuvj